The Missionary Review of the World — August 1926

~orbon ((ollege Do You Know?

ONE Ole THE CHRISTIAN POWER HOUSES IN THE MOSLEM WORLD The composing room of the Nile Mission Press in Cairo-an auxiliary or the American Christian , Li terature SocIety for M08lems.

Help Reveal Christ to Moslems The Messa!le of Christ is interpreted to Moslems through Christian Literature published in Arabic, TurkIsh , Persian, Chinese and other languages spoken by Moslems. By your prayers and gifts you can help in this, far-reaching work and can supply the much needed Christian Literature for Moslems.

Egypt Syria Russia China Palestine Persia Morocco Java Algiers Turkey India Sumatra Tunis Arabia Malaysia South Africa These countries are furnished with Christ's Message through The American Christian Literature Society for Moslems cooperating with the Nile Mission Press and with Interdenominational Committees on the fields to give the Gospel Message through the printed page.

BOARD OF DIRECTORS William I. Chamberlain, Ph.D., President Dr. Robert E. Speer, Delavan L. Pierson, of New York, Vice Presidents Rev. S. M. Zwemer, D.D., Cairo, H onorary Field Secretary Rev. Ernest W. Riggs Dr. Frank Mason North Mrs. William Borden Mrs. William Bancroft Hill Dr. William B. Anderson Miss Anna A. Milligan Dr. John H. Raven Mr. Fennell P. Turner Mrs. D. L. Pierson Mrs. Finley]. Shepard Mrs. James M. Montgomery Dr. James Cantine Send your contributions to MRS. E. E. OLCOTT, Treasurer, 322 West 75th Street, New York · City.

Apply for information and literature to The Secretary, Rev. James Cantine, D.D., Room 1018, 156 Fifth Ave., New York.

Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers. THE MISSIONARY Review of the World DELAVAN L. PIERSON. EJltor CONTENTS FOR AUGUST, 1926 Page FRONTISPIECE ………………………………………………….•• ….. . MAP OF THE NEAR EAST SHOWING STATWNS OF THE NEAR EAST RELIEF EDITORIALS ………………………••……………………………• 581 AN AMAZING SoorAL MOVEMENT IN THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS AND SLAVERY IN BOLIVIA 1926 PROGRESS AND PROBLEMS IN SoUTH A 'l'EN MONTHS' REPORT ON IMMIGRANTS HINDUS AND MOSLEMS IN INDIA AFRrOA 'l'HE OUTLOOK IN PALESTINE DAMASCUS IN TIME OF WAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ELIAS NEWMAN 589 A vivid description of the destruction caused by the F'renC'h bombardment and general disturbances in Syrw.; and the opportunities of the Christian Missions.

A JAPANESE MISSIONARY TO THE FOR.MOSA HEAD lWNTERS ………. 592 JESUS IN THE GHETTO TODAy …………………. JOHN SrruART CONNING 593 A masterly presentation of the present·day attitude of Jews toward Jesus Christ; the causes and results of this change. .

NEAR EAST RELIEF AS A CHRI8TIAN MISSION ……… SUMNER R. VINTON 599 The reUgious and missionary influence exerted in the orphanages and relief work in Syria, 'Armenia and other stations, together with an estimate of the results of these influen(Jes on the future generations.

THIRTY YEARS' CHANGES IN WEST AFR.ICA ………….. MELVIN FRASER 605 A striking account of the great tran.'formation that has been wrought in West Centra! Africa illuring the period of service of one missionary.

THE MODERN MISSIONARy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ALEXANDER M. ALLAN 608 AN INDIAN MISSION IN ARIZONA …………………. HELElN O. BELKNAP 609 The remarkabLe story of what on.e man was able to accomplish in the building up of an American Inaw.n community, with. indian Christian leadership, suppLy· ing schools and churahes to the Pima Indians of the Southwest.

FIFTY YEARS IN THE ISLAND OF NEW BRJTAIN …….. WILLIAM H. Cox 617 One of the modern miracles of missions in a former savage islaM of the South Sea.s, shown in the work carried on by the Australian Methodists.

BEST METHODS • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . hUITED By MRs. E. C. CRoNK 625 WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLEWIN . . . . . . . . EDITED By AMY G. LEWIS 631 WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN …… EmTED By FLORENCE E. QUINLAN 634 NEWS FROM MANY LANDS ……………………………………….. 637 THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY …………………………………… :… 653 TJ<:RMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, 25 cents. Published monthly. Copyrighted, 1926, by MISSIONARY REvrEW PUBLISHlNG CoMl'ANY, INC. AU rights reserved.

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Robert Jt. Speer, President Wm. 1. Chamberlain, Vice-President Delavan I… Pierson, Secretaq Walter McDougall, Treasurer Publication office, 3d &: Reily Sts., Harr1sburg, Pa. 25C a copy $'.50 • ,.ear Editorial and Business Offic~. 156 Fifth Avenue, New York Cit,.

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PERSONALS Please send me, Free. your 5-Minute Bible Test. No obligation. REV. H. D. GruSWOLD, PH.D., has resigned from the presidency of Forman Christian DR. JOHN R. MOTT returned June 2d College, Lahore, India, in which he suc- from a six months' trip in the Pacific Basin. ceeded the lata Rev. J. C. R. Ewing, D.D., Early in July he sailed for Helsingfors, K,C.I.E. Dr. Griswold has been a member Finland, to preside over the World's Y. M. of the Punjab Mission of the American C. A. Conference and two other gatherings Presbyterian Church since 1890. The new in Sweden and Denmark. President of the College, which has been for some years a union institution, is the OBITUARY Rev. Canon Force·Jones. MR. CLEVELAND H. DODGE, who has been "* largely responsible for the success of the RIr. REV. LooAN H. RooTs, D.D., of Han- Near East Relief, and who has given gen· erously to the Y. M. C. A., the Near East kow, China, has been elected chairman of Colleges and other philanthropic work, died the House of Bishops of the Chinese Church in his home in R.iverdale, New York, on which combines the Anglican and the Prot· Thursday, June 24th, at the age of sixty· estant Episcopal forces in China. A ma- six. He was the son of the well·known jOl'ity of the bishops are Englishmen, a far,t William Earl Dodge of New York, and the which makes the tribute to Bishop Roots grandson of another Christian philanthrothe greater. pist of the same name. Mr. Dodge was for many years President of the National F. F. MONK, Principal of St. Stephen's Council of Y. M. C. A. His brother, Dr. D. College, Delhi, has resigned in order to Stuart Dodge, was the founder of the Syrian make way for the election of an Indian to Protestant Oullege, which has grown into the principalship. the American University of Beirut, of which Bayard Dodge, son of Cleveland Dodge, is "" now President.

REV. JAMES SIBItEE, D.D., who went to Madagascar sixty-three years ago under the London Missionary Society, celebrated his ninetieth birthday in April. He was the architect of a number of Christian churches in the island and in the ten years since his retirement, has made 800 missionary ad· dresses.

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STATIONS OF THE NEAR EAST RELIEF IN GREECE, TURKEY, ARMENIA, GEORGIA, AZERBAIJAN, SYRIA, PALESTI:-!E AND EGYPT (See page 599)

AUGUST, 1926

XLIX EIGHT AN AMAZING SOCIAL MOVEMENT IN BOLIVIA O NE of the backward republics of South America, where the Roman Oatholic Ohurch has been long in power, is Bolivia. Here all the weaknesses of the system and the consequent social evils are evident. Recently there seems to have come an awakening of the social conscience and church leaders and Protestant missionaries report what they call" an amazing social movement." A correspondent in La Paz writes: "About the middle of March a meeting of the clergy of the La Paz Diocese was held to consider the problem of education of the Indians of Bolivia who constitute about 75% of the population of the country. A letter from the Pope to the Bishops of Bolivia had recently made suggestions regarding the social activities of the Ohurch, especially in connection with the Indian Problem."

The meeting of the clergy was called by the Bishop of La Paz and the Papal Nuncio was the principal speaker. He said: "The Indian Problem is one of the most urgent that Bolivia has to consider. If it is not solved soon within the Ohurch, it will be solved outside the Ohurch, because of the constant and insidious labor of the enemy, which we all know about," (referring of course, to Protestant Missions).

It was suggested that a "Gran Oruzada Nac;ional Pro-Indio" be undertaken, with the support of the Ohurch, the Government, high society and the newspapers. Professional organizers were brought from foreign countries to push the drive according to "el sistema norte americana."

The adobe walls of the houses here are smooth finished, affording a good surface for pasting posters. Lithographed posters, a yard square, of a typical Indian helid were put up by hundreds throughout the city, along with an appeal for support of the drive.

Bolivia is anxious to raise its standard among neighboring countries. Thus an ingenious appeal was made to patriotism-the idea 081

of making the present inert mass of Indians into intelligent and useful citizens. The drive was evidently spending considerable money for posters, entire pages of newspapers, get-together dinners, etc.

About the first of April two events occurred that produced the first discordant note. It was announced that the office of the drive would be consecrated to the "Sacred Heart of Jesus"-a tendency to fanaticism. A similar attempt to consecrate the nation of Peru some three years ago caused strikes and riots in Callao and Lima. Then the adversaries of the Adventist work obtained a government order limiting their activities. This appeared to be a restriction of religious liberty.

The suspicions that were developing that the drive was neither patriotic nor altruistic but religious (fanatical) were confirmed by these two events. At first the newspapers were loth to publish criticisms of the drive, so that a series of posters and handbills appeared calling attention to the real nature of the" Cruzada." Funds were to b.e for advertising and to bring in priests expelled from Mexico. It was very interesting to go out on the streets every day and see the new posters pro and con.

The newspapers finally broke their silence and a surprising number of articles appeared telling about the good work being done hy the Protestant educational missionaries. One night at the conclusion of the band concert at the Plaza somebody shouted Abajo los frailes, abajo la cntzada. Soon a great crowd gathered forming an impromptu anti-clerical demonstration. The procession passed by the President's palace. He appeared on the balcony and assured them that as long as they committed no disorders, they had the right to express their opinions.

Thus a tremendous anti-campaign and anti-clerical movement began.

An important social function in favor of the drive that was to be held in the Municipal 'l'heatre, presided over by the Bishop and with the President of the Republic as principal speaker, had to be suspended.

A. few days later it was announced that the drive had been definitely abandoned and the same day the newspapers announced that the government had provided means for a great school for Indians near La Paz, thus eliminating the Church from the solution of the Indian problem.

Another big news item the same day was the passing of a law recognizing the right of the Protestant missionaries to preach and to teach among the Indians.

In the evening, a great celebration of the success of the antidrive movement was held. Five thousand men marched. Banners with letters two feet high bore the following inscriptions:

1926J EDITORIAL COMMENTS

"LET US EDUCATE THE INDIANS WITH THE SALARIES OF THE BISHOPS."

"WE ASK FOR THE SEPARATION OF THE CHURCH AND THE STATE."

"WE ASK FOR LIBERTY OF CONSCIENCE." "WE ASK FOR A GOVERNMENT BUREAU OF INDIAN AF- FAIRS." "THE STATE SHOULD EDUCATE THE INDIAN." "WE DO NOT WANT FANATICISM."

Along the route of the parade the air reverberated with shouts in unison like college yells: "LET THE BISHOPS GET OUT." "DOWN WITH THE 'SOTANAS' " (figurative for priests). "LONG LIVE FREEDOM OF WORSHIP," etc.

At the Plaza several speakers addressed the gathering from the balcony of a fashionable club. The speaker, who was apparently the best known and most popular, was the President of the Federation of University Students. He reminded the people that the victory they were celebrating was due largely to the students and the labor organizations working together. He made a statement imported from Russia, that evoked much applause and that expressed the intellectual's estimation of the value of religion: "Religion,is an opiate for the people."

The next day the newspapers that at first supported the "crU'zada" commented on the large number of participants in the anti-clerical demonstration and the orderly way in which it was conducted.

PROGRESS AND PROBLEMS IN SOUTH AFRICA AT a recent conference of British missionary societies, held in 1"1Swanwick, June 16th to 19th, some interesting facts were brought out by Dr. C. T.Loram a member of the Native Affairs Commission in the Union of South Africa, and Rev. J. H. Oldham, who has recently returned from a tour of South and East Africa.

There is still a contest going on in South Africa in regard to the "color line." While the "Color Bar Bill" was passed, it was only by a small majority for white South Africa is not unanimous in the matter, and the native commissioners are strongly opposed to it. The Christian Church finds it difficult, if not impossible, to keep out of politics when moral issues are involved. The native questionthe race problem-is not a local matter, but a world problem.

The native Christian population is increasing, not only in numbers, but in percentage. These African Christians are becoming more elevated, refined and educated and cannot be treated as "heathen" and outcastes. Today, over one-third of the popUlation

is Christian as compared with one-fourth ten years ago. The native Christian population of South Africa is now about two million, having increased fifty-two per cent while the heathen population has in- creased only four per cent. Dr. Loran said: "The future evangelization of the natives will be mostly done through native agencies, and the white missionary must become more and more of a missionary superintendent. Much of the work of evangelization will be done by the separatist native churches of which there are already over a hundred ….. As the result of a recent inquiry, it has been stated that these churches are not seditious in their origin, but, nevertheless, those natives who have a feeling against the white man are inclined to join such communions."

It is interesting to note that in East Africa recently, the Governments seem to have realized the importance of native education. Now they are awakening in a remarkable way to their obligations, and money is not being given grudgingly. There is a danger that the Governments may develop an educational system without regard to the missionary enterprise. This is partly doe to the presence of a Moslem element in East Africa, for the British Government is always very sensitive when a Moslem population is concerned. On the other hand, some missions have not been willing to cooperate with the Government. In East Africa, as elsewhere, there is a lack of appreciation among many in the white community of the work of missions. The good will of the Government should be behind the missionary machine.

Fear for white civili'zation is the dominant note in South Africa today. This arises mainly from the figures and diagrams presented in the 1921 census which purported to prove that if the present rate of increase continues, in ten years there will be in South Africa 4,000,000 whites and 19,000,000 natives. This will explain some of the recent legislation.

"A tremendous revolution is going on in Africa today," Mr. Oldham said, "and a fundamental factor is the change in the attitude of governments toward the African problem, which in tropical Africa is entirely different from that in South Africa. The great human problem hitherto mainly left to the missions must be dealt with by the Government. While, in South Africa, native advance seems to be contrary to the well-being of the white man, this is not so in tropical Africa. Education of the native must be carried through for the benefit of the African. Missions must cooperate with governments in the scientific examination of the problems with which they are faced so that the materialist conception shall not become dominant."

Dr. Donald Fraser, now one of the Foreign Mission Secretaries of the United Free Church of Scotland and known throughout Africa for his long service at Loudon, Nyasaland, said truly: "The

Government may be the handmaid of the Kingdom of God, but it is dangerous if the Kingdom of God becomes the handmaid of govern- ments. " For missions to come under' government control would be a disastrous thing. In South Africa there is a hiatus between the life and service of the Christian Church and the life of the native. This gulf must be bridged by the welfare societies. :n. w. P.

THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS ON SLAVERY IN 1926 SLAVERY, slave-raids, slave markets, and slave trade still con- tinue in Abyssinia, the Hedjaz, Morocco, Tripoli, the Libyan Desert, Rio de Oro, Arabia, Egypt, the Sudan, Eritrea; French, British and Italian Somaliland; Tibet, Afghanistan, Li- beria, most independent Mohammedan states; and several other territories. This statement is based upon the report presented to the League of Nations in September, 1925, by its T'emporary Slavery Commission. This commission was composed of British, French, Belgian, Portuguese, and Dutch officials who had had much experience in colonial administration.

The more insidious forms of slavery and so-called adoption, debt-slavery, concubinage, and forced labor are prevalent in many parts of the world and to a very large extent. These evils are not limited to Africa. Forced labor, disguised under various forms of taxation or openly exacted by chiefs and local government officials, is inflicted upon the people in many parts of Africa. The League's Commission did not have time to examine the evidence that it re- ceived on this subject and its report does not specify where the evil exists. .

The Assembly of the League of Nations in September, 1925, after receiving the report of its T'emporary Slavery Commission, adopted a draft Convention, which it requested the Council to circulate to all the members of the League and to other Powers, including the United States. 'l'11ese governments were invited to comment on the Draft Convention, and, at its session on June 9, 1926, the Council, having received these comments, decided to place the Convention on the Agenda of the Assembly that is to meet next September. When the Draft Convention was presented to the last assembly, it was de- scribed as a "minimum standard" which all governments might be expected to adopt. An examination of its terms will show that its requirements are so easy as to lead one to fear that it will accomplish very little in abolishing" slavery in all its forms" as the signatories of the Treaty of St. Germain in Article 11 pledged themselves to endeavor to secure. So far as forced labor is concerned, it falls far below the standards set up in the Mandates of the League, in which the mandatory powers agreed to prohibit all forms of forced labor, except for essential public works and services, and then only in re- turn for adequate remuneration. The British Government have gone

still farther in restricting recourse to forced labor, for which authority must be obtained from the Secretary of State, which authority will be given only "when absolutely necessary for essential services, " and only" for specified work for a specified period," and such labor must, in all cases, be fully paid. "Under no circumstances could the British Administration tolerate, in any form, the principle of compulsory native labor for private profit, be the employer native or non-native" is a statement in the report of the East African Commission. As compared with these statements and the terms of the Mandates, the Draft Convention says nothing about compensation, and it may be fairly interpreted as legalizing forced labor for private profit. The earnest hope must be expressed that the Draft Convention will be amended very much before it is concluded and opened for signature.

A TEN MONTHS' REPORT ON IMMIGRANTS STATISTICS furnished by the Department of Labor, covering immigration during a period of ten months enaing April 30, 1926, reveal the following interesting facts: Of those attempting to enter the United States 17,040 were debarred and 7,917 were deported after landing, making a total of 24,957-about ten per cent of the whole. Among those debarred 14,656 were without proper visas; 3,700 were considered likely to become public charges; 1,377 were mentally or physically defective; and 1,214 were of criminal or immoral classes.

The total number admitted during the ten months was 246,165 but since there were 63,556 immigrants who left America during the same period there was a net increase of only 182,609. The majority of immigrants (122,435) were admitted at New York, but 76,148 entered by land from Canada and 30,735 from Mexico. It is noteworthy that on the Pacific Coast the number of emigrants exceeded the number of immigrants by about 1000. The majority of those entering were between the ages of 16 and 44 (184,088). The total number of males was 135,833 and of females 110,332. The majority of those who left America were also between the ages of 16 and 44 (48,013).

The largest number of immigrants from any European country came from Germany which sent 40,927. Next to this was the Irish Free State which sent 18,814. It is significant that we received only 6,632 from Italy whereas 17,812 returned to that land. Scotland sent us 11,139; England 8,878 and Sweden 7,398. "The Yellow Peril" seems to be a misnomer since China and Japan together sent only 2,027 while 3,601 went back to Asia.

Skilled workers 45,783 constitute the largest class of immigrants admitted. Next come laborers 32,048 and servants 25,083; followed

EDITORIAL COMMEN'IS

by farmers and farm laborers 22,632, and) the professional classes numbering 9,061.

The intention of these immigrants was to distribute themselves as permanent residents (one year or more) throughout the United States as follows: New York '60,046; Michigan 28,2.05; Massachusetts 21,795; Texas 20,045; Illinois 16,512; California 15,992; and Pennsylvania 14,583.

Only the larger groups are separately mentioned in this brief summary. The smaller groups and those unclassified may be found in each instance by subtracting the group figures here given fr{)m the totals.

On the whole the showing is encouraging. An important problem with the immigrant as with the native is to discover some means by which he can be induced to devote himself to agricultural pursuits in the country rather than eke out a precarious and less useful existence among the submerged masses of our great cities,-notably New York.-c. L. w.

HINDUS AND MOSLEMS IN INDIA RIOTS between Hindus and Moslems in India nearly always begin in one of two ways: the killing of cows by Moslems infuriates Hindus, who retaliate with violence, or the playing of music in idolatrous processions by Hindus before Mohammedan mosques provokes Mohammedan violence. Th~ aggressors in Cal- cutta were the Arya Samaj, a reform Hindu sect who claim to stand for a purified Hinduism. Missionaries in North India know very well the violent hostility of the Arya Samaj to Christian Missions. The Samaj is perhaps even more hostile to the spread of Islam, and is untiring in its efforts to reconvert Mohammedanised Hindus back again to Hinduism.

This Hindu-Moslem antagonism is one of the most burning questions in India. Unfortunately the Mohammedans are becoming more, rather than less communal in their outlook. The whole political future of India depends upon the degree to which the com- munities, especially the minority communities can so far trust the majority of the nation as a whole as to throwaway the artificial props of communal protection such as special electorates, etc. In this respect Christians have shown a good example, inasmuch as the All-India Christian Conference has for several years pronounced against special communal privileges for Christians. Mohammedans, however, appear to be growing in their belief in the necessity for commmunal aggrandisement, and in several provinces their claims are becoming the dominating fact in politics.

One reason for this increased communalism of the Mohammedans may be disillusionment in the agitation over the Caliphate. No more .complete political overturning has been seen in our time than that

suffered by the Central Caliphate Committee. A campaign of violent antagonism to the British Government was started for its alleged designs on the powers exercised by the leader of the Angora Turks, Mustafa Kemal Pasha. The interest of Indian Moslems in the world of Islam has not decreased, and the smallest Mohammedan newspaper is interested deeply in what is happening to Moslems all over the world. Any definite scheme however for a pan-Islamic movement has completely vanished, and leaders of the community have turned their energies into the aggrandisement of the 'community as against the Hindns.

It is to such a community, and in such a mood, that the Christian Gospel must be preached. It is needless to say that such people, al- ready resentful and suspicious and class-conscious, will resent more than ever any suspicion of Christian overlord-ship, or any language which suggests a religious war by the Christian on the Moslem. The situation in India is the clearest possible challenge to us to represent the Christian claim with all the winsomeness and humility and reliance on truth and the things of the Spirit which are native to the mind of Christ.-w. p. .

THE OUTLOOK IN PALESTINE T AS'r YEAR between two and three thousand Halutzim, as the L pioneers of the Zionist movement are called, passed through Haifa. They are establishing settlements, not in the Jerusalem district, but on the plains, and many of the worst places are being transformed into a veritable Garden of Eden. There are about one hundred and ten colonies altogether under the Zionist movement.

When the great Jewish University was opened, Rev. S. B. Rohold, of the Carmel Bible School, and his wife were given front seats, despite the fact of their being Christians. 'l'his shows the extraordinary change which has taken place in the Jewish attitude towards Christianity in the past few years. Dr. Klausner, of the Jewish University has written an epoch-making "Life of Christ," and four thousand copies of the first edition in Hebrew, printed in Jerusalem, sold immediately. It was reprinted in Poland, and translations in England and America have recently appeared. Dr. Klausner's book has also opened a new era for selling the New Testament in Palestine, and thousands are now reading it. One leading Jew, who has not actually become a Christian, has been instrumental in putting a eopy of the New Testament in every room at the Jewish hotels. When Canon Dauby, a great scholar who translated Klausner's book into English, lectured in St. George's Cathedral, Jerusalem, two thirds of the audience were intellectual Jews.

The suspicion on the part of the Arabs towards the Jews is apparently breaking down, and the former are now even uniting in schools. Among them too is a growth of demand for the Scriptures.

RE~'UGEES FROM HAURAN IN DAMASCUS NEAR THE

CHURCH Damascus in Time of War BY REV. ELIAIS NEWMAN Missionary of the Irish Presbyterian Mission, Damascus, Syria F OR over a year now things in the city have been in a very un- settled state and for ten months, ever since the Druse outbreak, the political situation has been very precarious. On more than one occasion the Druses were almost within reach of the city. The real crisis began with the ruthless bombardment of the city by the French on Sunday afternoon, Oct. 18, 1925. Without the least warning we were bombarded for 48 hours and one-thirtieth part of the city was d,estroyed, thousands being killed and buried in the falling debris and other thousands made homeless.

This was only the beginning of the present miserable state of things; for since October hundreds of villages outside Damascus and all over Syria have been bombarded, many of them being completely wiped out.

Damascus is practically besieged. The French have put barbed wire entanglements all around the city; military posts have been established at the main entrances and at other strategic points and no one is allowed to venture out of doors after hours. Rebel bands are all around the city and they are in possession of the "Ojhuta" (the fertile garden district that surrounds the city) and hardly a day passes without a battle. During the night we are kept awake by the roar of the heavy guns bombarding some village or by the sound of the rifles and machine guns firing in some section of the city, or in the gardens beyond.

589

Rebels have been captured and shot but some of them have been hung in the El Merdje Square and have been left hanging for hours for public display.

Very often the rebels have retaliated by hanging some innocent man, some Armenian or Circassian. Very often rebels enter the city and carry off some wealthy citizen for ransom. 'rhe Jewish quarter, near "The street called Straight," has been entered several' times and Jews robbed of money and valuables.

Most of the men engaged by the French in the fighting in and around the gardens are Circas- sians and not a few are Armeni- ans-mere mercenaries who evi- dently could find little employ- ment elsewhere. The city is filled with refu- gees, Moslem and Christian alike, who are eking out a miserable existence. Beggars abound every- where, men, women and children. But in spite of the prevailing misery and utter wretchedness the Protestant missionaries have a marvelous opportunity for service in this unhappy city.

REV. ELIAS NEWMAN ON THE RUINS OF The Victoria Hospital of the A STORE ON THE "STREET CALLED Edinburgh Medical Mission is STRAIGHT." DAMASCUS ministering daily to the sick and sorrowful. Though it is situated in Photo by United Pres..

a dangerous corner of the city, the workers persist in preaching Christ by word and deed in spite of the bullets that fly over their heads and sometimes pass through the buildings.

The B.ritish Syrian Mission is also carrying on its educational work among the young and there is abundant opportunity to witness among the many Moslem refugee women who attend the classes.

The Danish Mission at present is without a missionary, the Rev. Alfred Nelson being home on furlough, but their reading room for Moslems is kept open by a faithful young native Protestant.

The Irish Presbyterian Mission, which is concentrating its ef- forts among the Jews, is experiencing much encouragement. We conduct two schools in the Jewish quarter, one for girls and the other for boys with 400 young Jews and J ewesses on the roll. Bible women visit the homes and are experiencing much sympathetic re- sponse as they try to make known the story Gf redeeming Love.

The reading room near "The street called Straight" is filled

DA.MAS0US IN TIME OF WAR

daily to its utmost capacity and the English night school has forty young eager Jews as its students. There is also a school for Christian boys and a Protestant Church in which Armenian, Arabic and English services are conducted.

Surrounded by anguish, misery and wretchedness as we are, we are not a bit discouraged but are hopeful that our task is not in vain in the Lord. Protestantism has a great fu- ture in Syria and the Evangelical missionary is not hampered by the accumulated suspicions that rest on those of the different Roman Catholic orders working in the land. Every Christian missionary in Damascus needs the prayers and sympathy of the people in the homelands. Please pray for us 1 "AN AMBASSADOR OF GOOD WILL" TO THE NEAR EAST I T WAS stated in a "personal" item in the July REVIEW that Dr. W. W. Peet, who spent forty years in Constantinople as a representative of the American Board but rho is described by the Living Church as "a distinguish- IRISH PRESBYTERIAN LADY MISSION- ed Methodist minister," had been S~~m!lK 1liT~'l~R~~gt1 SiiJr'2l dJ o~~.s appointed by the Federal Council 18. 1925 of Churches to visit the churches of the Near East, with the above title~ Further details of the plan are given in a statement issued by the Federal Council. The sending of an "ambassador to the East- ern Churches" is being carried out by the Committee on Eastern Churches of the Federal Council, of which Bishop Charles H. Brent of the Episcopal Ohurch is chairman. Cooperating are great reli- gious organizations, including the American Bible Society, the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, ·the Young Men's Christian A.ssociation and the Near East Relief. "Dr. Peet goes without any fixed program of action," says the statement. "He is to be an 'ambassador of good will' to the Eastern churches from the churches of America and he is to manifest that good will in any way that seems most effective to him."

.- A JAPANESE MISSIONARY TO FORMOSA HEAD HUNTERS The head-hunting savages of Formosa had been very free from epidemic diseases until the Spanish Influenza struck them, as it did all other peoples twenty years ago. This great curse had come upon them, they argued, because OE the Japanese occupation. They therefore swore vengeance and one day the Japanese community at Karenko was suddenly surprised by a savage attack from the head-hunters and revenge was secured when the savages carried away the heads of 26 Japanese.

Among these men that lost their lives in this savage attack was the father of Inosuke Ino-ue, then a student at the Seisho Gakuin (Bible School) in Kashiwagi Yodobashi, conducted by the Oriental Mission.

The Samurai way would have been to have sworn vengeance; to have gone among the head-hunters as a soldier or policeman and to have killed a number of them. Young Inoue however, was trying to follow Jesus Christ and he remembered how when Jesus was nailed to the cross He prayed for His enemies. Therefore Inosuke Inoue resolved to go to the head-hunters and teach them the Christian way of life.

In preparation for the work he studied medicine one year and learned .many practical remedies and how to hel.l1 in emergencies. With this preparation he went to the natives in the mountains of Formosa with a message of peace and good-will and a desire to help.

He found them very suspicious at first but gradually he won their confidence and found that they had many admirable qualities. Their idea of the Supreme Being is that of an ".All-seeing-eye" to see all the deeds of men. He sees such bad deeds as stealing, therefore there is no stealing among the members of the tribe.

The life was most simple and the hardships not a few so that his health broke down and he returned to Kyushu and spent three years in evangelistic work there.

When he had learned the language of one of the tribes called the "Taiyaru," he returned to the head-hunters, consisting of about 35,000 souls. There are still about 135,000 savages in the seven tribes.

Mr. Inoue spent seven years at a settlement in the mountains called "Karapai" and gave himself unstintedly to the people to help them in any practical way that he could and to teach them to know Christ and His Gospel. During all this time his work was carried on as a personal enterprise. While his work was a labor of love he did receive some gifts from the savages in return for his medical aid. With this and native fruits and occasional help from friends in Japan he managed to carry on in a life almost as simple as that of the natives.

Mr. Inoue has just published a study of the head-hunters of Formosa, and has just succeeded in getting a supporting committee organized through the cooperation of the Tokyo KyoKwa Doshi Kai. Among those who have thus taken the responsibility of securing financial support for Mr. Inoue's work are Mr. Hampei Nagao, Judge Watanabe, Dr. Takada, head of the Nanko Hospital, Mr. M. Tsuge, of the Japan Oil Co., Mr. B. Tada of the Taiwan Sugar Co., Mr. B. Fukunaga of the Keisei Sha Publishing Company. This committee have undertaken to raise Yen 2,500.00 per year to support Mr. Inoue's self-sacrificing work.

Mr. Inoue told his story recently before 500 pupils of a public school of Tokyo at the invitation of the principal who introduced him as the Livingstone of Japan.

(From the World'. Sunday School Association)

in the Ghetto To-day

BY REV. JOHN STUART CONNING, D.D., NEW YORlK Superintendent of Jewish Evangelism, Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

F OR eighteen centuries Jews have ignored the Greatest Jew of history. He has been given no place in their life or literature. They have tried hard to forget Him and live as though He had never lived and taught and suffered in the ancient homeland of their people. It has been nothing to them that He belonged to their race, and that the influence of His teaching and personality has changed the face of the world. The very use of His name was banned. U Jews had occasion to mention Him He was referred to anonymously as "That Man," or "The Orucified One," or "The Nazarene. "

This silence concerning Jesus during the first Ohristian centuries is' accounted for by Jews on the ground that He was a wholly negligible factor in world affairs.. They call attention to the almost entire absence of any reference to Him in contemporary Jiterature and insist that equally among Jews He had made no appreciable impression. The records of the Acts of the Apostles, however, tell a very different story. If Ohristianity at first attracted little attention in the great Roman world, it was certainly very different in the little world of Palestine. Before the fall of Jerusalem in A. D. 70, the new faith had not only stirred Palestinian Jewry to its circumference, it had siInilarly agitated many of the scattered Jewries of the Diaspora. Even the Talmud bears testimony to the widespread influence of the Nazarene. For while Jesus is noticeably overlooked in that great repository of Jewish tradition, there is plenty of polemic against Ohristianity. Ruppin, with a truer appreciation of the achievements of the first followers of Jesus, explains the failure of Judaism as a missionary religion after the close or the first century by saying: "Ohristianity took the wind out of its sails."

The real secret of the reticence of Jews concerning Jesus in the early centuries was the amazing progress of Ohristianity. They showed their resentment by ignoring the Founder while fighting His faith. The use of the name of Ohrist by the primitive Ohristians was also a factor. They attached to it an incomparable reverence and authority. His was "the Name above every Name." It was "for the sake of the Name" they went forth upon His service. It was through the Use of "the Name" that mighty deeds were done. This was sufficient ground for Jews to ignore it. If there was any other reason it might well have been that Jews had no cause to be proud of the bitter and relentless hostility and persecution meted out to Ohristians during this period. Judaism never ceased its intrigues 593 2

'i'BE :M1SStONARY REVIEw 0]' 1'H:E) WORLtl

and assaults upon the followers of Christ until Christianity at length climbed to the throne of the Cresars.

Then Jews had a very different reason for their silence. Possessed of civil power, Christians did not forget their former persecutors. To them Jews were the enemies of Christ and His cause. Theological controversy focused attention upon them as the reprobate agents in the drama of salvation. They were the "Christ Killers." Ignorance and superstition, unrestrained by the spirit of Christ, and enraged by the Jews' persistent rejection of Jesus, let loose upon the children. of Abraham floods of hatred and persecution. There are no darker pages in European history than those which record the shameful wrongs and atrocities perpetrated against Jews by nations nominally Christian. Confinement in ghettos, ignominious garments, exclusion from remunerative occupations, ostracism, prison, exile, fagot and sword were the recurring instruments of ecclesiastical tyranny.

Is it any wonder that Luther, who was by no means an unqualined friend of the Jews, in referring to their treatment by the Roman Church, .declared: "If I were a Jew with such poltroons teaching Christianity, I had sooner become a hog than a Christian."

And lest we should regard these manifestations of antagonism as exceptional, the discredited characteristics of a dark and cruel age when many others beside Jews suffered for their faith, we must remember that in their case legal discrimination and persecution have lasted until our own times. On the statute books of the old Czarist Russia, over one thousand enactments were recorded, specially directed against the Jews. Neither have we forgotten Kishineff, nor the pogroms which followed the war. Even in this year of grace there are few lands, nominally Christian, in whicn antisemitism does not have a place. America itself is not free from the virus.

So it has come about that the name of the meek and lowly Jesus has been regarded by Jews generally as a symbol of ill usage and ill will. They justify their rejection of Him on the ground' of the conduct of His followers. As a mark of their hostility to Him and to His cause, they have outlawed His very name. For nfteen centuries no representative Jew has had a word to say about the Founder of Christianity.

Yet Jesus, in spite of Jewish determination to have nothing to do with Him, was never completely excluded from the ghetto. In times of deepest hostility there were always individual Christians, like Bernard of Clairvaux, who revealed to Jews the spirit of the Master. Through such lives Jesus passed within the most carefully guarded gates. No enforced silence could wholly prevent the use of His name. Not even Christendom could quite conceal Him. There were in every generation Hebrew Christians; some of them attaining to positions of conspicuous leadership in the Christian Church.

JESUS IN THE GHETTO TODAY

In the Middle Ages London and Oxford had a Domws Conversorum for the care of Christian Jews. Indeed, so potent at times was the influence of Jesus in the Ghetto that the most resolute measures had to be adopted to prevent large defections from the synagogue. Con- verts were excommunicated. The burial service was read in their homes, and the offenders were counted as dead by the members of their family. The boycott was effectively used to prevent their se- curing employment or relief. Jewish leaders stopped at nothing that would make bitter and wretched the lot of those who were led to make confession of their faith in Jesus as Israel's Messiah. Yet, in spite of everything, there were always some who were willing to endure shame and ignominy, loss of home and an assured livelihood, for the sake of Him in whom they had come to believe. A consider- able list of notable converts has been compiled from among the J ewish followers of Christ before the dawn of modern missions. Such names as Ariston of Pella, Nicholas of Paris, Paul of Burgos, and Edzar of Hamburg remind us "that Jesus, though despised and rejected, still found His way into the ghettos of Europe and won to Himself a people for His name.

With the opening of the nineteenth century the rising tide of missionary interest began to express itself in concern for the Jews. Societies were formed in Britain and on the Continent for their evangelization. Missionaries found their way into various lands, and many striking conversions were recorded. In 1806 David Mendel avowed his faith in Christ and, changing his name to Neander, "the New Man," he became the great Christian historian whose "Life of Christ" blazed the trail for all the later studies of "the greatest life that has been manifested upon earth." Dr. Joseph Wolff, with a devotion truly apostolic, carried the Gospel into the ghettos of Egypt, Syria, Palestine, Persia, Mesopotamia, Arabia and India. He was followed by a conspicuous succession of scholarly missionaries. The total of Jewish baptisms during the nineteenth century has been estimated at 224,000. No missionary effort in behalf of any other non-Christian people can in comparison show such results. Jews are prone to minimize the value of missionary activity among their people by asserting that 'converts to Christianity have been either ignorant or actuated by motives of self-interest. Such names, however, as Sir Julius Benedict, Professor Benfey, Dr. Paulus Cassell, Lord Beaconsfield, the Herschels, the Mendelssohns, the Margoliouths, Edersheim, Saphir, Rabbinowitz, Schereschewsky, and many more, indicate that the appeal of Jesus, now as in the days of His flesh, wins a response not only from the common people but also from the noblest and most cultured of the Hebrew race.

At the present time there are many evidences of a change of attitude toward Jesus on the part of the Jewish people. The passing of the Russian Pale and the lowering of the ghetto walls have

broughtJews iu large numbers into contact with Western thought and life. It has been impossible to mingle in world currents so largely influenced by the personality and teaching of J esns, without being forced to consider Him and arrive at some conclusion as to His claims. Reform Judaism, which was born of an effort to adapt the ancient faith to the conditions of modern life, early sought to place its own interpretation on the life and character of Jesus. He is regarded by representatives of this school as one of the great men of the Jewish race, an exalted moral teacher whom Jews generally should accept and follow. This is the attitude of such authors as H. G. Enelow in his" A Jewish View of Jesus," and Joseph Jacob in his "Jesus as Others Saw Him."

The Reform Movement, however, represents but a small section of Judaism. Having discarded most of the Jewish religious traditions, orthodox leaders look upon these adherents of Reform teaching as already occupying a halfway house to Christianity. For them to speak of Jesus is only one more evidence of their departure from the established traditions of their people. But of late there have been signs that even among the orthodox the old Jewish tradition of silence concerning Jesus is coming to an end. A treatise in Yiddish on Jesus by Dr. Chaim Zhitlowsky has recently been published. Its appearance has mightily stirred the New York Ghetto. Dr. Zhitlowsky maintains the historicity of Jesus and demands that Jews revise their attitude toward Him by accepting Him as one of their prophets.

Of far greater significance, is Dr. Joseph Klausner's "Jesus of Nazareth." Dr. Klausner is one of the greatest living Hebraists and historians. He is a Zionist. He i.s a professor in the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. He wrote in Hebrew for Jewish readers. He emphasizes the historical reality of Jesus and regards Him as one whom Jews can no longer ignore. Their acceptance of Him as a teacher he considers would add much to the prestige of the Jewish race. Needless to say this Hebrew scholar is leagues and leagues away from the Christian position. He will have nothing to do with Jesus either as Messiah, Saviour, or Prophet. He says: "To the Jewish nation He can be neither Goc;l nor the Son of God, in the sense conveyed by belief in the Trinity. Either conception is to the Jew not only impious and blasphemous, but incomprehensible. Neither can He, to the Jewish nation, be the Messiah; the Kingdom of Heaven-the Day of the Messiah-is not yet come. Neither can He be regarded as a Prophet; he lacks a Prophet's political perception and the Prophet's spirit of national consolation in the political national sense." In other words, Dr. Klausner as a Zionist rejects Jesus for the selfsame reason that actuated the leaders of his people nineteen centuries ago-Jesus did not give political supremacy to Israel. He does, however, extol Jesus as a teacher and looks forward

1926J JESUS IN THE GHETTO TODAY

to the time when properly edited, "the Ethics of Jesus will be one of the choicest treasures in the literature of Israel for all time."

The real significance of this book is not what Dr. Klausner has to say about Jesus, but that a distinguished Jewish scholar should write about Jesus at all. Nearly three score Jewish generations ha,:,e come and gone without pronouncing His name. Now that name is being carried by this book into every Ghetto of the world. This is nothing short of a revolution.

But, as might have been expected, such departures from age-long Jewish tradition were bound to encounter the determined opposition of official Judaism. Their attitude has not changed. Their antagonism to Jesus and His claims is as determined as ever.

In the autumn of 1922, Rabbi A. A. Green, of the Hampstead synagogue, London, in order to fortify his young people against the Christian influences to which they were subjected planned to hold a class for the study of the New Testament, choosing first for exposition the Gospel of Mark. Though his purpose was wholly defensive, the angry tumult raised by the Jewish press and community was so great that the effort had to be abandoned.

It will also be recalled that last December when Rabbi Stephen S. Wise, of New York, took advantage of the appearance of Dr. Klausner's book in its English translation to speak of Jesus, his utterances stirred up the wrath of his orthodox brethren. Though he followed Klausner in saying that Jesus must be accepted as a historical character, that He was a Jew, that He could not be acrepted as divine, and that He never intended to found another religion; he went on to declare that "the Jews must accept Jesus as a Jewish teacher and accept His ethical code." The furore created in orthodox Jewish circles by these utterances was so great that with shouts of indignation the resignation of Rabbi Wise as Chairman of the Palestinian Fund for the rehabilitation of the Jewish homeland was sternly demanded. And though his resignation was not accepted the extreme orthodox section established their own Fund.

These things show that beneath a veneer of tolerance there is still a deep-seated antagonism to Jesus. As a writer in the Jewish Chronicle, of London,. commenting on Rabbi Wise's utterances, expressed it: "For a Jew to preach-in any form-to Jews on 'Jesus' is an abomination, is 'death,' or betrayal of the soul." But the root of the antagonism is not wholly a misunderstanding of the person and character of Jesus. It is perhaps more a fear for the future of Judaism and of the synagogue. As another critic of Rabbi Wise put it: "For Jews to study and discuss the life of Jesus is simply to clear a path from the synagogue to the church."

But such attitudes and utterances only reveal the desperate condition of Judaism. Jesus is surely and unquestionably winning His way into the ghettos of the world. Nothing but unchristian conduct

and failure to proclaim His Gospel can hold Him back. Wherever His spirit is manifested in sympathy and kindness and His truth intelligently and earnestly unfolded He wins an undivided response from Jewish hearts. rrhough efforts to interpret Christ to the Jews by the Christian Church have been incredibly meager and fitful, yet the present-day influence of Jesus upon Jewish life far exceeds that of any previous period.

Since the war, in Eastern Europe there has been something approaching a mass movement of Jews toward Christianity. From a report presented to the General Assembly of the United Free Church of Scotland last May we learn that in the city of Vienna since 1918 many thousands of Jews have entered the Christian Church, among them Hans Herzl, son of the founder of the modern Zionist Movement. Within the confines of the old undivided Hungary, during the same period, no fewer than 40,000 Jews have been admitted to the Christian churches of that land. In Budapest alone over 2,500 .rewish converts have'been added to the membership of the Presbyterian Church, and half as many more to other Protestant communions. In Ukrainia whole congregations of Hebrew Christians have been formed.

Here in America the influence of Christianity upon the Jewish people is difficult to estimate. Christian efforts to break down prejudice and win Jews to an adequate knowledge of Jesus have been feeble and intermittent. It is only within very recent years that any Protestant denomination has attempted to make work for the Jews an integral part of its missionary program. Notwithstanding, the impact of evangelical Christianity upon Judaism has not been without definite results. It is estimated that 20,000 Jews have entered into the fellowship of the evangelical churches of America in this generation. Hundreds of churches in all parts of the country have Jews in their membership. The number might be incalculably increased if every church having Jews in its communIty-and there are many thousands of such churches-sought with sympathy and under, standing to interpret Christianity to their Jewish neighbors.

What then will be the future of Jesus in relation to the Jews? For those who nourish their faith on the Christian Scriptures the answer is clear. We catch the vision of a day'when "All Israel will be saved." That day, as envisaged by the great Apostle is to be a veritable springtime of blessing to the whole world. Jesus is to see at length the travail of His soul and be satisfied. He is to be crowned as Lord in every Ghetto of the world. To this end the purpose of God is silently, surely moving. Over every effort in behalf of this ancient people His promises are brooding. We may well cherish the hope that here in America the Christian churches of the land may have a large share in hastening the promised day of Israel's redemption when with measureless devotion and exultation Christ will be acknowledged by "His own."

THAN ONE HALF OF THE AUDTENCE AT THE REGULAR ORPHANAGE

SERVICE, SYRIA Near East Relief as a Christian Mission BY SUMNER R. VINTON, NEW YORK Director of Visual Publicity of the Near East Relief T HE impression of the appeals made at the beginning of the Near East Relief work persists in the memory: "Children are hungry. Feed them." The first emphasis was on relief work and America responded splendidly. A great program of relief was inaugurated which has saved more than a million lives, mostly women and children.

Even relief work is one expression of that great Christian missionary spirit that seeks to share blessings with others whether material or spiritual. Jesus Christ Himself came to earth with a great spiritual mission, but He did not hesitate to heal the sick and feed the hungry. His disciples have followed Him literally. Missionaries have again and again been the leaders in relief work during famines and after great national disasters. "Pure religion and undefiled before our God and Father is this, to visit the fatherless and widows in their affliction. " But this is not all of religious activity for James adds an important item that some overlook. The prophet Isaiah also saw this expression of religion in clear perspective (58: 6-8) and Christ reiterated it (Matt. 25: 31-45).

599

DAILY VOJ.UNTARY PRAYER MEETING GROUP OF NAZARETH ORPHANS. THE BOY WHO STARTED THJS HAS "GRADUATED", BUT SIX BOYS WHOM HE TRAINED CONTINUE THE PLAN It was inevitable that in Near East Relief there should come a shift of emphasis. This was foreshadowed in the very terms of the charter granted by Act of Congress in August 1919 in which it is stated that part of the objective of Near East Relief is t.o "assist in the repatriation and re-establishment of suffering and dependent people of the Near East ….. and to promote the social and economic and industrial welfare of those who have been rendered destitute." It is not enough to save people from death. They must be helped until able to help themselves. As long as they are in need they are our" Neighbors, " to whom we must minister.

At the outset of the work, when Near East Relief was still known as the American Committee for Armenian and Syrian Relief, the extent of the tragedy of Armenia was not fully known. In those days it was thought that $100,000 would be the total amount needed to meet the emergency. By 1919, however, it was realized that a nation had been completely dispossessed and that at least a third of them were dead. ~'he children in the care of America were for the most part hopelessly alone, without relatives who could some day take over their support after the immediate emergency period should have passed. The bulk of the orphans were under twelve years of age and America found herself in the position of both father and mother, with responsibility not simply to care for them

NEAR EAST RELIEF AS A .cHRISTIAN MISSION d01

physically, but to fit them for life. It was necessary that some plan should be formulated whereby these children should eventually be fitted for self-support.

As a first step toward this end, it was natural that a program of school work should be undertaken. There have been no illiterates from among the graduates of Near East Relief orphanages to swell the large number who ·are totally illiterate in the Near JiJsst. Even this elementary schooling haa proven itself to be a first step toward the development of a possible leadership. It was natural that vocational training should be undedaken and that a program of industrial training should be inaugurated. That program is in full force today. It teaches the children to produce such things as can be sold in the countries in which they are to live and work. While Near East Relief is introducing improved tools and methods, the instruction is not 80 advanced as to educate the boys and girls above t.he level they can hope to attain. Naturally much has been d<m~ along the line of agricultural training, for the bulk of these boys and girls must earn their living frOID the soil.

Schools and colleges, industrial and agricultural training, have long been recognized as a part of a sound foreign mission policy in the non-Christian lands of the world. They are needed to develop leaders for the native church and to bring it to self-support.

But the essentially missionary character of the work of Near EVENING PRAYERS [NONE Ob' THE GIRLS' DORM.ITORY ROOMS IN SYRIA WHERE 600 SLEEP

East Relief is revealed by the fact that the program today has a distinctly religious, Christian element. It is definitely committed to a program of religious education. Most of the children are of Armenian-Gregorian, or Greek-Orthodox, parentage and all of the orphanages directly conducted by Near East Relief are Christian.

Religious education from a Christian viewpoint had to be a part of the program in view of the type of men who organized the move- ment. Ambassador Morgenthau's appeal was brought to the then Lay- men's Missionary Movement as being the organization that could best put the need before the coun- try. Dr. Barton, long a mission- ary in Turkey and at the head of the American Board, has been chairman of the organization; :Mr.

Charles V. Vickrey, the general secretary, has been associated with missionary movements from the days of his being one of the famous Yale '98 S. V. Band and later a secretary of the Young People's Missionary Movement.

Consider, too, the large number of missionaries among those who had charge pf the administration of the early relief work. Their own work had been interrupted by the war, so that they were free; they knew the country, the people, th~ language, and they had the mis- sionary spirit in their hearts.

We should remember too that, as the emergency period passed and the work no longer ONE OF . THE BLIND AT JERUSALEM commanded large space in the READING NEW TESTAMENT. WHEN public press for its news value, the ASKED WHY SHE MOVED HER HAND IN- predominance of support has STEAD DB' KEEPING STILL FOR THE come from the chnrches. The PICTURE, SHE SAID HElR FINGERS viewpoint and advice of men and TOUCHED THE WORD "JESUS" AND SHE COULD NOT WAIT TO FIND WHAT IT SAID ABOUT HIM women intetested in church and missionary work bave greatly helped to give form to the present program. .

The following elements may be noted in the program of Religious Education that permeates all the activities of .Near East Relief.

First, the teachers are practically all of them Christian, largely the product of mission schools, Second, religions chapel services. Third, thanksgiving and God's l;>lessing asked at meals. Fourth, Bible stu'dy is a part of the daily school program and, of course, enters especially into the Sunday program.

192&] NEAR EAST RELIEF AS A .cHRISTIAN MISSION

Fifth, evening prayers in the dormitories. Sixth, in some of the orphanages voluntary, orphan-led services of real significance and value have developed. Seventh, in this connection may very well be mentioned organizations for the development of self-government, such as the Juvenile Court at Corinth. The aim is to have the orphans themselves define and enforce moral and ethical standards in keeping with the teaching of Christ. Eighth, Sunday services: Ca) Where feasible, children attend local churches according to the faith of their fathers. In some cases there is not room for all of the orphans each Sunday-for example, Armenians in Corinth, Syra and Athens. A great deal of thought and effort has been expended on plans to enrich, strengthen and extend the work of these churches. Dr. Voris spent five months during 1925 in the territory of the Near East interviewing the leaders of the Oriental Churches and getting their pledge of support for plans that would introduce Western Sunday-school methods adapted to the calendars of the Oriental Churches. (b) Special church services in the orphanages. These are necessary for the reason menti{)ned above, but they would have been organized anyway. These orphanage services take the form of regular church services with preaching, very much on our ordinary American plan. (c) Sunday-school work. (d) Services aimed to develop the expressional side of the religious life of the orphans.

In February of this year a representative group met at the national headquarters of Near E.ast Relief to formulate definite plans for Sunday-school lessons for use throughout all the Near East. This group was composed of representatives of the Oriental Churches in America, the Religious Education organizations of America, the Mission Boards operating in the Near East and other agencies working there, including the American Bible Society, World's Sunday School Association, Y. M. C. A., Y. W. C. A., W orId Alliance and Federal Council of Churches. The religious educators and the Foreign Mission Boards were further represented through the Joint Committee on Methods and Material for Religious Education in Foreign Fields, which had created a Committee on Near East Lessons for this purpose. These men and women agreed to proceed at once on lesson material to offer the Near East Relief overseas personnel and the native church leaders for their use or modification, both abroad and in America.

A Committee on Correlation of work being done by American agencies in the Near East was created and will be of large service. Although each agency will retain full freedom, correlation of effort will go far to supply the demand of the Eastern Churches for our Western Evangelical interpretation, social application, and practical example of Christianity.

It is a notable fact that within the last two years there has come what Dr. Barton calls a revolutionary changw in the attitude of the Oriental Churches toward Western Christianity. The Greek Bishop of Syra voiced this change at the Universal Conference on Life and

Work, at Stockholm, and said that it was due to the demonstration of love that the churches of America had furnished through Near East Relief.

-While this organization has no claim to oeing a foreign mission agency of any church or group of churches in -other particulars, Near East Relief has as its great objectives the building of individual Christian character, the development of leadership in things worth while, the creation of a better spirit and relationship between individuals and nations and a real advance of the Kingdom of God and of righteousness upon earth. Near East Relief is rendering notable service along missionary lines in Bible lands.

BIBLE CLASS AT SIDON. P'ART OF 1'l!E DAILY SCHOOL PROGRAM The Road to Happiness This is the Road to Happiness: And take the Gloak of Charity, St.art Now, f)'om Where You Are; The Staff of Wise Employ, , 'Turn to the Rigllt and keep straight on," A loaf of Bread of Daily Grace, And you 'Il not find it far. A flask well filled with Joy; Along the Path of Willing Feet A word of cheer, a helping hand, An dover Heartease Hill, Some good to give or share, Aeross the Fields of Sweet Content, A bit of song, a higb resolve, The Stream of Glad Good-Will; A hope, a smile, a prayer.

Then through the Lane of Loving Heart, And in the Place of Dnty Done, The Gate that's called To-day, Beside the Door of Home, And down the steps of Little Things You'll find the House of Happiness- Into the Common Way. For Happiness does not roam. -Annie Johnson Flint in Sunday School T·"nes.

Years' Changes in West Africa *

BY REV. MELVIN FRASER, D.D., LOLODORF Dr. Fraser, for over thirty years a Presbyterian· Missionary in West Mrica, is President of Dager Memorial Theological and Bible Training School at Lolodorf. Dr. Fraser has, as he says in the following article, seen the entire mission force in the Cameroun change more than once in the three decades of his service there, and has seen the work grow from small beginnings to its present importance.

T HE past thirty years in West Africa have been years of more change and forward movement than were the preceding sixty years. A pen picture of contrasts between prevailing conditions in our Africa mission field thirty years ago and today is not only interesting as a bit of modern history of something that again "turned the world up-side down," but as a kind of dynamic incentive to more of such turning and movement toward the beckoning possibilities of which the past score and half of years are but an earnest.

Thirty years ago, there were three stations at Baraka, Benito, Batanga, all on the rather moribund coast; another, Angom, seventy miles up the Gaboon River, and Efulen, an infant of less than three years. Today, Baraka and her French satellite Angom having been transferred to the Paris Evangelical Society, the annual budget is made out for six additional stations, an average of one new station every five years-Elat, MacLean Memorial, Metet, Foulassi, Sakbeyeme, and Yaounde, with occupation of Bafia soon to ripen into the status of a station.

Thirty years ago about a score of missionaries, by dint of grit and grace, were on the field. Today there are more than four score. The personnel'has so changed that not one is there today who was there when the two of us survivors arrived on the field thirty-one years ago. God buries (or otherwise removes) the workers, but carries on the work. But, strangely enough, while the number of missionaries has increased four-fold, the work has so expanded and become so exactingly specialized that each missionary seems to have about four times as much to do. But as the days and duties so the strength.

Thirty years ago there were some half dozen organized churches dotting the coast-{)nly one, Angom, inland seventy miles up the Gaboon River, with a membership of a few hundred-rather static and, like Laotiicea, "neither hot nor cold." Today there are thirtyone churches reaching more than 200 miles into the jungle interior and holding a membership of 32,000 men and women.

A score and a half of years ago, as many Bible readers as there are fingers on one hand, with little or no special training and operat- ~om Women and Mt.BBion8~ April, 1926. 605

ing within the bounds of old organized churches on the coast, constituted the native evangelistic force. But the Spirit of God has been at work and things have been brought to pass. At this writing some 500 Bible readers, like the stars in a dark night, twinkling, differing in magnitude and difficult to count, men who start and hold preaching points, are distributed far and near, groups of eighty at a time taking their rotary turns at the school of systematic Bible training. This host of men-mostly young men, brands plucked from the burning but yesterday, on meager although "living" pay, unlearned, names unknown in the home land-are true knights of the cross, mighty and indispensable in the soul-winning movement of our Mission. Thirty years ago the Presbytery of Corisco could report two or three licentiates; now there are forty of these prospective ministers.

In those days of small things thirty years ago, small vernacular schools were running, rather spasmodically, at one or more of the stations, a few lads "playing study" at German or Spanish, and village schools were scarce. In this year of 1926, a visitor at any interior station would hear the buzz and feel the "pep" of these "power factories "-two to three hundred vernacular boys and girls studying the five-years' course of French, and from a score to several dozen surrounding village schools, near and far, busy in their separate localities.

Then the girls, put under a lien and decorated brides with bright beads as soon as they could walk, were forced into polygamous marriage and the notion prevailed among male natives that girls and women could not-at least should not-know anything but sin and servitude. Now a girls' school of one hundred at any station is a matter of course, and girlhood, potential womanhood, through applied Christianity is getting her Magna Charta.

Then boys had to be gone after and literally coaxed and hired with a promise of goods-half a yard of cloth to wear instead of nothing, and a handful of salt once a week-and they came not alone, but under escort of the missionaries, lest they be kidnapped as they walked through hostile villages. Today, travel being safe and school appreciated, the aspiring boys overflow the dormitories and school rooms and gladly pay the nominal fee for the privilege. In much less than thirty years, the keenly observing and ambitious boys, who have both eye and instinct to find roads, have learned that the path to position and prosperity and escape from grinding drudgery runs through the schoolroom. Yet not the school alone, for it has dawned upon thousands of boys and hundreds of girls that the fear of Jehovah is both the beginning and the continuation of welfare and wisdom. In those receding pioneer days, medical work was small and doc- tors exceedingly scarce. The yelling, ubiquitous witch-doctor had it

192fl] THIRTY YEARS! CHANGES IN WEST AFRtcA

all his own way-and it was some way. Now it is the policy to have a physician at each station, with a well-supplied dispensary and equip- ment to serve the thousands who come, walking or carried, from near and far, many of them asking for sleep medicine and to be "split" by the white man who, with the sharp knife, has all power to cut and cure. And the voice of the plumed monster whose roaring held the people spell-bound and scared out the witches is heard in the land as an echo of thirty years ago.

Then the native, the untrained child of nature, had been born and bred to think-so far as he indulged in thinking-that there was more pleasure and profit in fighting, gambling, tricky trading in rubber and ivory, than in working. Let the women do the work, except the little sewing of his cloth, which was the man's job. But the appar- ently lruzy native was not slow to wake up as soon as he was given something definite to do and a motive for doing it. The visitor today is amazed to see the hundreds of apprentices at Elat and other sta- tions being trained in as many as a dozen forms of craft which teach the dignity of work with the hands, as well as provide a means of decent living. And all this with the primary aim of making men, not things.

In the pioneering days, the interior native was amazed at the idea of putting thought on paper. He had only recently seen paper . and borrowed a coast word (kalate) for book, and was staring in shy astonishment at the recently-arrived alphabet that could spell words. Now, more people can read thim the number of stars seen by the naked eye on a clear night, and a vernacular literature is abroad.

These same thirty years ago, two or three theologs might have been seen sitting at the feet of the venerable lady professor in her hospitable cottage on the coast of rOll-ring surf-where Sunday morn- ings after church she was wont to refresh the missionaries with lime- ade and cookies, good cheer and chat. Since then, as many. as twenty- seven dusky and husky sprigs of divinity have gathered in class in the theological and Bible training plant, with lecture rooms and dor- mitories costing $8,000 and a curriculum covering four years.

The principle of self-support has come to the front and to the rescue. In those former years, the natives received their benefits in quite a literal and extreme sense, without money and without price. There were patients without fees, schools without tuition, churches yet strangers to the grace of liberal and systematic giving. They wanted to be and were fed from a spoon. Then the interior work was opened and developed on the basis of self-support in churGh, educa- tional and medical departments, and, the coast people complied.

In these thirty wondrous years, perhaps there is no one thing in the economy of practical existence that has changed more markedly or happily than the matter of health. Tropical Africa used

to be called the "white man's grave," and in the face of facts it was hard to gainsay the saying. Not only were avoidable graves filled by drinking whites who lived carelessly, but even our missionaries died needlessly. Hemoglobinuric fever made havoc up to about twenty years ago. The climate has not changed, but the health record has. At last some of the causes of malady and mortality have been found out and dealt with. The Anopheles mosquito has not moved out nor been exterminated, but it has been arrested, indicted, convicted and has had the ban put upon his hatching, boundaries set as to where he shall go, and his sting is counteracted by such specific as quinine.

What has been done in thirty years is worthy of a glance, but surely cannot be fairly interpreted until that glance sees the finger pointing plainly forward to the great things of the next thirty years -of which all the past, glad and grateful as we are for it, is but an earnest with which we cannot be satisfied until our Lord has "seen the travail of His soul and is satisfied."

THE MODERN Hl:SSIONARY BY ALEXANDER M. ALLAN, BOGOTA, COLOMBIA The Christian missionary of today does not spend much time under a palm tree, preaching to savages with a Bible under his arm. He is more usually found ata typewriter, and does more bookkeeping than is generally supposed.

He does not often have the dreary voyages and the isolation of the pioneers of half a century ago; his furloughs are more frequent, and his living conditions much better.

Neither does he have, however, the quiet life of his predecessor; he has far more strain, more organization, and more demands on his mental force and nervous energy.

The ideal modern missionary is the human keystone of an arch, the inspirer of a group of national workers, the brain of a movement, the prayer center and counselor of a national church.

Long ago it was desirable that his furlough come as infrequently as possible-travel was so difficult-; now it is considered of the utmost importance to recruit the forces, sharpen the mind and refresh the spirit of the missionary through more frequent furloughs, so that he may be more adequately furnished for his task.

Suffering was the keynote of the early pioneers; efficiency is the watchword of the present generation.

"Take care of the Lord's money even if His servants suffer" was the old battle cry. Today we hear it said rather: "Take care of the Lord's servants, even if it costs more."

Then a missionary gathered his audience, as. a personal evangelist; the day may soon come when the radio will be used to preach the Gospel simultaneously to thousands of villages.

Though methods change, the spirit of Paul, greatest of all mission· aries, is still what we most covet: the grace, patience, endurance and love, coupled with the art of creating and fostering churches, in which Christ is all and in all.

SACATON PIMA I N DIA N CHUR C H IlTTJI.'r AS A MEMORIAL TO DR

H. COOK An Indian Mission in Arizona* A Christian Church That Has Become the Center of an Indian Tribe ACHURCH which has entered into the whole life of its people is at work among the Pima Indians in Arizona, centering at Sacaton. The leaders of this work, both Indian and white, have, in fifty years, led a whole tribe from semi-barbarism into a Christian community, The results show the aptitude of the Indians for Christian civili'zation, if Christian ideas and ideals are presented in the right way. The field takes in four hundred and six square miles, all of the Gila River and part of the Papago reservations. The mission has grown until it now has over thirteen hundred members and includes nine churches and stations scattered over this area. 'rhe white missionary in charge has nine full-time Indian helpers and one part~ time man.

Fifty-six years ago young Charles H. Cook started the work on his own responsibility. The mission boards had no money for such an enterprise, for Indian affairs in Arizona were at that time in a very unsettled state. The Government at Washington warned him that it would be dangerous to go. But Cook went, working his way out and preaching whenever opportunity offered. He arrived at the Agency on December 23, 1870, with two dollars in his pocket. On January 1st, he was on the pay-roll of the Government as a teacher with a salary of $1,000 and all expenses paid, a good income for those days.

·'.i'he following story is reprinted by permission at' the Institute ot Social and Religlous Research. 370 Seventh Avenue, New York City, from its volum,e of stories ot successfu1 country churches entitled "Churches of Distinction in TOWIl and Country,'" ThIs volume i s publ1shed for the In stitute by George H. Doran Co., New York.

609 J

From that time until he was an old man, Mr. Cook worked with the Pimas. During the earlier years he could do his mission work only on Sundays and at night, for he had to earn his living on week- days. After he had been working on the reservation about eight years the Presbyterian Board of Home Missions undertook his support so that he was able to devote all his time to the mission work. At first he talked and preached out in the fields, because it was there that he found the Indians. Sometimes he would talk in the little round dwelling-places called "kihs," where one must stoop to enter and sit with lowered head because of the smoke. Sometimes he preached in the village counsel-houses, and if the people were friendly, the village captain or sub-chief would call them together for the meeting. His addresses were always interpreted during the first years, but he studied the language and worked out for himself a dictionary of Pima words, so that before long the Lndians could understand him. He taught much and he won the children at first by giving them cubes of sugar and pieces of bread. "That's the way he catch 'em," said an old Indian. As soon as the children learned English, they could interpret for him.

Mr. Cook's courage and patience were proof against all discouragement. It was twelve years before he won his first convert and nineteen years before his first church was organized. The work grew by the conversion of one Indian here, another there, then a whole family, then several families. The next step would be the organization of a church. So it went. The first church was organized at Sacaton on April 3, 1889. The. Gila Crossing Church was organized in 1894, the Blackwater in 1900, and the two other churches, Casa Blanca and Maricopa, were organized in 1902.

Mr. Cook ministered to the whole man. He taught the Pimas the simple story of Christ, and he also taught them better ways of living; he worked to protect their water rights just as faithfully as he preached the Ten Commandments. The Pimas grew to love and trust this earnest white man, and gradually began to take all their problems to him and to put his words into practice. As a result of his wise dealings with these people the church today is so woven into their lives that one cannot mark the place where its influence begins or where it leaves off.

The land of the Pimas is sandy desert country, fertile, indeed, with water, but absolutely unproductive without it. The water question has been a burning one for years, for the Indians are dependent for their living upon the land. From prehistoric times they have understood the practice of irrigation, the Gila River affording plenty of water for their needs. But as the white men settled in the valley far above, they gradually diverted the water to their own use. In the days when the Apache was on the war path, thePimas helped to protect the white man, but when those dangerous days were over

192(>] AN INDIAN MISSION IN ARIZONA

the white man expressed his gratitude by taking the Indian's water.

Some wells were put in which provided water for part but not all of the reservation. Many of the Indians have had one crop failure after another, year after year. Is it any wonder that the Indian says: "When the white man begins, he takes all"? Oharles H. Oook, however, was one white man who never let the Government or the public forget the injustices done to the Pimas. It is safe to say that had not this guardian of their interests been at 11and to check- mate these efforts to despoil the Pimas of their heritage, they would long ago have been objects of charity.

"Oook agitated the Pima's need [for an adequate water supply] and laid the foundation for the remedy of that need; the work that he did pointed the way to what was needed," said the sec- retary of the Indian Rights Association. Dr. Oook also fought to keep the Pimas' land for the Pimas, and his successor, Dr. Lay, has carried on the struggle.

"I want the Pimas to value their land," says Dr. Lay, the present missionary. "I do not want them to forget that many of their fathers and grandfathers died to keep the Apaches away."

In other ways also Dr. Oook and his successor have served the ONE OF THE INDIAN ELDERS temporal interests of the Pimas.

With the Ohristian Indians as leaders, the recreational and social life of the Pimas has gradually been changed. Standards of family life, the marriage law and the position of women, ever a determin- ing factor among Indians, are now those of the average white com- munity. The church is the main influence in directing public opinion and the old Indian religion commands no followers.

Years ago, the first native policeman to attempt to enforce the laws against drinking on the reservation was one of Dr. Oook's earliest converts. At that time, the Indians used to make intoxicat- ing wine in big jars called" olIos." On these occasions whole villages would get drunk, and often there would be fights. "We would see a man all covered with blood, his clothes all bloody," said an old Indian, adding reminiscently, "and once in a while a murder."

Indian policeman, sent to break the "olIos" and stop the drinking would usually end by joining in the celebration. Finally, the agent appointed a new chief of police and put new men under him. The son of this chief of police tells what happened. "My father," he said, "had become interested in the story of Jesus before this; he had commenced to attend church and had been baptized. He went out with his men and they didn't get drunk like those others did. They smashed the 'olIos' with the wine in them. That was the beginning of stop make that stuff. My father was the first Indian policeman to enforce the law. against the drinking in any village." The reservation is now a model of sobriety.

Recreations, too, have changed. Formerly the foot and horse races between villages were the excuse for heavy gambling. "The women," an old Indian declared, "would even bet the skirts they were wearing." Recreational life now centers in the church and the Government schools. Villages compete in clean. athletics, and the poij.cy of the Mission includes a definite program of recreation. The Pima Athletic Association, which now has seventy members, was organized by Dr. Lay seven years ago. A football league is controlled by the Athletic Association.

As time has gone on, more and more responsibility in the various organizations of the Presbyterian Mission has oeen accorded to the Indians. Often the outstanding weakness of a work of this kind is that everything is managed for the Indian, he himself contributing nothing. Here, on the other hand, the management of affairs has been gradually turned over to the members, until at present they take as much responsibility as do the members of the average white church.

The Sacaton Church, which was built in 1918 as a memorial to Dr. Cook, is the central and largest church building. The Indians and their white friends all worked together to raise the funds and obtained $17,000 of the $25,000 needed. The building committee then appointed the church treasurer and Dr. Lay to ask a bank in Casa Blanca for the remaining $8,000 on loan, and the request.was granted with no other security than" the face of an Indian." The building is of gray stucco. The church auditorium seats five hundred and the basement is divided into differen.t classrooms and a kitchen, furnished with a stove and dishes and silver for one hundred people.

Eight other buildings are scattered over the mission field. Four are the homes of regular church organizations, one is a mission and the rest are small chapels located in parishes which are so large that it is more convenient to have two places of meeting. The chapels are used for Sunday evening meetings, prayer meetings, and Christian Endeavor meetings. The total value of these" outpost" buildings, which were all built by the people themselves, even to the adobes, is $8,000. Four have outdoor arbors where summer meetings

AN INDIAN MISSION IN ARIZONA

are held. There are two manses, one at Sacaton and one at Gila Crossing, and there are also two houses for workers on that part of the Papago reservation which is included in this field.

The Indians are assuming more responsibility all the time in self-suppol:t, and in this connection it should be borne in mind that because of the whites taking their water, many of these Indians are not as well off financially as they were thirty years ago. This is still a home mission field, a little more than $4,600 having been received in 1922-23 for the support of the work from the Presbyterian Board and from some outside contributors. There is little doubt, however, that when the Pimas all have water, the work will become entirely self-supporting. In 1922, the churches gave $432 for home missions, $38 for foreign missions, $120 for evangelism, $50 for other church THE PRIMARY CLASS OF THE CA8A BLANCA CHURCH IN THE SACATON FIELD causes and $126 for miscellaneous benevolences. 1m 1902, twenty years earlier, they gave only $138 for home missions, $14 for foreign missions and $29 for all other church and benevolent causes. In 1922, $1,275 was raised for congregational expenses; in 1912, $450 was raised for this purpose, and in 1902 only $127.

Collections are taken up at all meetings. Each church uses the budget system and makes out its own budget. An every-member canvass is made every spring by the group leaders. The people promise to pay something, but they rarely pledge actual amounts because they cannot tell in advance about their crops. They give what they can.

Membership of the churches increases steadily. In 1902 the total membership was 896; in 1922 it had grown to 1,382, distributed among five organized churches. This represents a higher membership average than in any other group of Indian churches in the United

States. The total number of members equals 22 per cent of the population.

Oare is taken to keep track of every church member and a regular" ever-follow" system has been worked out. Ea,ch elder is supervisor of a district and watches over every church family in his district. When the weather begins to get cold, he sees that all of his families have enough wood. If a home is without wood and has not the money to buy any, he calls the men of the church together and they cut and haul wood for that family. Or, if the house of a widow or sick family is letting in the rain and cold, the men of the cliurch take time to rebuild the house. Furthermore, in every village there are group leaders each of whom has a list of people for whose attendance at meetings he assumes responsibility. These group leaders 20me together once a month in the Religious Oouncil, which was organized two years ago to discuss general policies, methods and plans.

Members have a real feeling of responsibility toward those who are not members of any church. "If one of our neighbors is not a member of any church we have to go to him and hold a little meeting at his house," said an elder, "then we just keep ou' going until he say he is glad to see us, until he wait for us to come back again. We talk to him about the Gospel and keep on coming again' and again. Then when Communion is coming, I have to go to him and ask him how he feel now. I say, 'If you want, come to Communion.' He say, 'All right, I go.' Then I report to Dirk Lay who goes and sees him. Maybe the next Communion he join, or the next one after that."

The chief evangelistic effort is made at the yearly camp meeting, held in the large arbor at Casa Blanca. These camp meetings were started by Dr. Oook fifteen years ago and have been held every year since. They are now managed by the Indians themselves through the Elders' Association (which includes elders from all the Indian churches on the Gila River and Salt River reservations). On the last days there is always a big collection which amounted at the last me~ting to $431.94. Expenses came to $289.56, and the balance was sent as a contribution to home missions.

Years ago Dr. Cook started to teach the Bible to school children once a week. This work has grown until now regular catechism classes are held every Tuesday night at Sacaton in which all the Presbyterian school children in the Government boarding school are enrolled. Now every church member is enrolled in one of the six Sunday-schools of which the total membership is 1,580. Once a year the children are asked if they would like to join the church. After the class period is over, Dr. Lay conducts a training course for teachers and anyone else who is interested.

The nine Christian Endeavor Societies-six senior, one inter-

1926J AN INDIAN r.nSSION IN ARIZONA

mediate and two junior-have a total enrollment of two hundred and forty-two. Regular meetings are held on Sunday morning or evening, and each society has socials through the year. The senior societies often go almost en masse to other villages to help organize Christian Endeavor Societies if there is none or to encourage a society already organized. Other organizations include an Old People's Society at Casa Blanca of twenty-five members; a Y. M. C. A. with twenty members at Blackwater, and women's missionary societies, with thirty-fiV'e members, at Sacaton and Blackwater.

'1'0 be at Sacaton and see the services through a Sunday convinces one that this church has somehow given the Indians a real V'ision of a living Christ. Church services at Sacaton come in the afternoon and the scene resembles the grounds of a state fair with 11-' THE HOUSE OF A WIDOW FAILS. INTO BAD REPAIR, HER FELLOW-CHURCH- MEMBERS FIX IT l'P FOR HER teams and riding horses fastened all along the fence about the church grounds.

The number of mission workers this field has produced shows how the message has touched the hearts of the Pima Indians. Six have gone into the ministry in the last five years. In the last ten years, a total of eighteen have decided to dedicate their lives to Christ. All of the nine native assistants and the part-time worker came from this field. Three of these men are stationed on the Papago reservation. One of the mission workers tells of the instructions Dr. Cook gave to him when he started off to do his first preaching. "Take care of yourself," Dr. Cook told him. "You are like an open book in the eyes of your fellow men. People will come to hear you preach. They will read your everyday life and see whether you are trying to lead the kind of life you are talking about. They will read your conduct, your conversation and your actions. So I say, take care of yourself."

The present missionary in charge, Dr. Dirk Lay, has the absolute confidence of his people. "There are more than five hundred Indians here that Lay could take straight to hell with him if he wanted to," is the way one of his Pimas put it. He loves the Indians like brothers, and they love and trust him in return. "The elders and I have a perfect understanding," said Dr. Lay. "When I came I told them that I was going to treat them like white men and I wanted them to treat me like their own people. I told them that I wanted their respect; that I would not stay unless I had it. If I do something they don't like, they tell me about it and I do the same with them. You must have faith in your people or they will not have faith in you." The elders once told their white pastor they thought he was devoting too much of his time to athletics, to baseball especially. They talked the matter over pro and con and Lay explained to them carefully that in those places where church people did not go in for baseball t.here were often Sunday games. "You see, we go in for ball at Sacaton," he told them, "and we don't have Sunday ball." Since then he has never heard another word against athletics.

Dr. 'Cook realized that Indians, like white men, are reached not in masses or by wholesale legislation, but only as the mass is broken up and touched as individuals. "The first white man that gave us a chance to believe was Cook," said one of the elders; "then, when we old Indians learned Christian ways, we helped too. T'ogether we worked, trying to do what is right, help others, pushing right on and going right ahead."

The Mission at Sacaton has shown the capabilities of the Indians for civilization and for Christianity. It has shown what can be accomplished by Christian men of large and humane views, following a Christian program. Part of this program has been the difficult task of trying to persuade the American people that the Pimas had rights which the white man was bound to respect. Largely as a result of the missionaries' efforts along this line, the outlook for enough water for all the Pimas is favorable, the Pima lands have been allotted and they have not been leased. On the reservation, white leaders and Indians together have worked out an adequate program for a rural people living in small villages scattered over a large area. It is a program which has reached the whole life of the Indian and centered it in the church.

There are fifty thousand Indians in the United States, among whom no missionary work whatever has ever been done, either by the Roman Catholie or the Protestant Chureh. These Indians wait yet the eoming of the missionary with the White Man's" Book of Heaven. "

NATIVES DANCING IN NEW

Fifty Years in the Island of New Britain BY REV. WILLIAM H. COX, RABAUL, NEW BRIT'AIN O N the 15th August, 1875, there landed at Port Hunter, in the Duke of York Group, midway between New Britain and New Ireland, the pioneer missionary band consisting of Rev. Geo. Brown, eight Fijians and two Samoans. Mr. Brown had been moved by the stories he had heard of the barbarism of the peoples of the New Britain Archipelago, and he had prevailed on the Mission authorities in Australia to authorize the opening of a new field. He called at Fiji on the way to pick up native teachers to assist in establishing the mission.

The story of the response of the Fijians to the appeal for volunteers in this enterprise is one of the epics of missions. The case was stated to the students in the District Training College, and after having the following night to think it over and pray about it everyone of the eighty-three volunteered. Nine were selected to go. The government officials in their desire to make sure that no undue pressure was brought to bear on the men, and that they would fully understand all that was involved in going to New Britain, app~ared almost to do their utmost to frighten them. The noble answer of the student who was selected as spokesman thrills the reader even today. After assuring the Administrator that everything had been 617

fully explained to them, and thanking His Honor for the interest that was being taken in them, he said: "But, sir, we have fully considered this matter in our hearts; no one has pressed us in any way; we have given ourselves up to do God's work, and our mind today, sir, is to go with Mr. Brown. If we die, we die; if we live, we live."

In less than three months from the landing at Port Hunter one of these heroes had died-the first to lay down his life for New Britain. In 1878 four others were murdered in the hills of New Britain, arid the blood of the martyrs recorded in the dust the ignorance and savagery of the tribes to whom the missionaries had come in obedience to the ancient commission. Since then mound after mound has marked the last resting place of a long line of those who have counted their lives not dear unto themselves. Tonga, Samoa, and more particularly Fiji, have found in New Britain an outlet for the glowing missionary spirit which sends out laborers to the Lord:s harvest.

In this year of Jubilee it will be of interest to note something of how the Mission has grown and what its influence on the natives has been.

Fifty years ago the first missionary landed, and since then over one hundred white workers have come and gone. A malarial climate has meant a severe test for every new arrival, and only a very small number have been able to stay more than ten years, while the average complete term has been about four years. As each worker must learn the language of the people after arrival On the field, as well as adapt him or herself to altered conditions of life and work and to a strange people, the short term of service is a distinct -handicap. At present eight ordained missionaries, four lay missionaries, and ten missionary sisters represent the white staff, and three hundred and thirty pai'! colored workers (all but four of whom are local natives) work in the villages. Forty thousand people come under the influence of the Mission, and are ministered to in three hundred and fifteen churches, where the pulpits are occupied by the workers mentioned above, with the help of :five hundred and fifty other native local preachers. '1'here are ten thousand members of the church, and over ten thousand young people receive instruction in the day and Sunday-schools.

Perhaps the most outstanding change which the Mission work has brought is seen in the freedom with which the people now mix with each other, and the distances which they confidently travel from home. They themselves invariably refer to this feature of present day conditions when comparing them with those of former days, and cite this as an instance of what Ohristianity has done for them. The early missionaries recorded that 'villages a mile or two apart lived in constant dread of each other, and for men, women, and children

FIFTY YEARS IN THE ISLAND OF NEW BRI'l'AIN

of neighboring villages to assemble in one place on friendly terms and unarmed, as is constantly seen now, was unheard of. The writer lived for several years in a village on the east coast of New Ireland, and in that village two dialects were spoken. It was the meeting place of those two tongues; but a village three miles away knew only one, and this is an indication of how restricted were the movements of the people in the old cruel days of heathenism.

An interesting incident in the writer's experience had to do with those old conditions of inter-village warfare. We were visiting a new area with a view to settling several native teachers to break up some new soil. It was sUggl9stedthat we visit a village a little inland. I went without any misgivings, and little suspecting what NEW BRITAIN CHRISTIANS LISTENING TO A SERMON I was to witness. As we approached the village I noticed that round it were high barricades of timber, then falling into disrepair. We were accompanied by the young chief of the village we had just left, a mile or two away. 'Vhen we reached the houses we sat down on rocks and pieces of wood in the yard. I noticed that very special attention was paid to the young chief, and that from each house bundles of home-cured tobacco and valuable shell ornaments were heaped before him. I received a few gifts, but he had piles. We moved on after a time to another part of the village and sat down again, and they did the same again. One after another hurried to this chief with loads of gifts. We had been seated only a few moments in this second place when everybody appeared to be talking at once, and there was a most disconcerting hubbub. There was a tremendous shouting, sounding like arguing and quarrelling, and the young chief was loudest of all.

SOME CHILDREN OF SAVAGES IN NEW BRITAIN I did not know a word of what was being said, and it sounded as if anything might happen. A comforting fact was that the women were present and amongst the noisiest of the company. That is always a good sign, as if there is likely to be fighting the women disappear by common consent. The row was kept up for about ten minutes, and then the young chief rose and walked across the yard and gave his hand to a man who was standing there, and who had not had a word to say. Without another word being spoken, it was all over! I learned that the two villages had been at war with one another for many months, and that this was the first time that this young chief had dared to show his face in this village since hostilities began. Evidently there was general relief and rejoicing that at last peace had been restored, and only a few minutes later I counted as many as five women hanging round the young chief's neck at a time, smiling most affectionately into his face, and offering him the ends of their cigarettes to smoke-a very common courtesy amongst such folk.

That young chief was the first convert to Christianity in that neighborhood, and was a great help to the Mission until his death a few months ago.

What Christianity can do for even the most backward peoples could not have a better testimony than is found in the case of Aparam To Bobo, a native chief whose home is near the center of the missionary operations. Aparam was converted when a young man thirty years ago. He was born before the first missionary arrived, and knew no other life than that of barbarism with its suspic~on and fear, and its cannibalistic cruelty. As soon as he received the light he be-

19261] :E'1FTY YBARt'. IN TJim ISLAND 0]' NBW, BRITAIN

came a preacher and was tireless in his activity as he journeyed here and there to tell the good news to neighboring villages. His missionary suggested that he should buy a small boat so that his journeys by water might be safer and more comfortable, and, to assist him, advanced the money required. It was not long afterwards that Aparam brought the boat back saying that he wished to return it. The missionary assured him that he did not need to trouble abont the money that was owing as he could wait. But Aparam said that the boat was no use to him. "When I go to a village now the people do not wish to see me or hear what I come to tell them, all they have eyes for is my boat, and they crowd around that and feel it and admire it, and can talk and think of nothing ·else. It is a hindrance to me in my work." And that good, true, soul would not have a boat at that price.

At a teachers' meeting, with the white missionary in the chair, the question arose as to where the next meeting should be held, and one of the teachers suggested that it be at a village an hour or two's walk into the bush. Another teacher who was disposed sometimes to be a little difficult objected to this proposal, on the ground that a beach village would be much more convenient, and a good deal of heat was introduced into the argument, and these two men were on their feet together expressing warmly their views. The white missionary was watching that things would not go too far but did not know just what to do. Just at that moment Aparam, who had been outside, came to the door. He saw at once that something was wrong, and just standing long enough to take in the situation he hurried across the floor to the teacher who had let his temper get the better CHILDREN OF THE MISSION PLAYING IN NEW BRITAIN

of him, and those who saw it will never forget the picture. He put his two hands up on the other's shoulders, and looking up into his eyes he begged him not to be angry. In pleading tones he said: "You must not be angry, this is God's house, be calm, there is no need to be angry over this matter." He pleaded until the angry man was subdued and harmony was restored.

Many, many stories cou.ld be told to illustrate how true and genuine he is, and how real is his Ohristian experience. '1'0 know him truly is to love him, and he is one of God's saints. He is now an old man and is past hard work, but his faith and devotion continue unabated. Let it be said that the people from whom an Aparam To Bobo could come deserve the best we can give them, and the mission work that could produce such a trophy is eminently suited to the people.

The liberality of these people in the support of the Mission's work is no mean indication of their growth in grace and of the place the Mission's work holds in their hearts. When the first missionary arrived they had not a sixpence of foreign money, nor were they noted for generosity. Many a story could be told to prove the mean- ness of the people. We are thankful to record that their offerings this year at the annual missionary meetings amounted to £4730, and the Jubilee Fund for the erection of a new college for the training of village pastors and schoolmasters stands at £1150. To develop in the villagers a proper sense of independence and to prepare for their taking on larger responsibilities we have for some years asked them to assist in the support of their own teachers, and this year they contributed in addition to the above the sum of £590. To mark the Jubilee and to keep pace with the development of the people we are proposing to give them some share in the control of the Mission and in the finance of the District, and as a first definite step we have asked them wherever possible to undertake the entire support of their teachers, appointing stewards to collect the money needed, and pay the teachers themselves, instead of handing the money to the white missionary, as heretofore, and depending on the latter to make good any deficiency. We have reason to hop~ that this will mean a larger income arid also the development of a healthy independence amongst the natives. '

It should be remembered that gifts in money do not represent the whole of the support which comes from the people. All churches are built by them free of cost to the Society, and church debts are not permitted. Most, of the teachers' houses are built in the same way.

The· Mission's work was commenc~ with the help of teachers from the older missions, but now almost all the teachers employed are local men who have been trained in the ,i;nstitutions run for that pur- pose. This marks a definite era in the development of the Mission that we have now reached the stage when these men are able to accept

1926J FIFTY YEARS I N THE ISL.AND OF NEW BRITAIN

larger responsibilities. In the year 1916 the first native minister from amongst our New Britain people was received. Since then four others have been similarly received and are gracing the position.

Girls' schools have been established under the care of Mission Sisters, and in this way some preparation is being made for the Jarger liberty which is coming to the native womankind. By slow degrees love matches are taking the place of the old mercenary arrangement by which girls were disposed of in matrimonial matters by their relatives, and, imperceptibly almost as many changes are taking place, the difference which constitutes the gulf between today and fifty years ago is tremendous.

A NATIVE CHURCH IN NEW BRITAIN BUILT OF LIME There are still large areas untouched by Christian work, and IDany thousands are today waiting for the coming of the evangel, and there will need to be a great increase of staff and of expenditure before the task is completed, but over a large portion of the field the light has shone forth, and we are thankful that the Gospel has proved efficacious with even such unpromising material.

But briefly, cannibalism has become a thing of the past, intertribal fighting and the making and carrying of weapons are only memories, the natives intermingle freely even from widely separated ·villages and districts, many have learned the secret that puts new light into men's faces and new hope into their hearts, and not a few have entered into fellowship with the Master in service and sacrifice and Saviourhood. Women are slowly coming to their own, and young men's faces are toward the sunrise as they seek for education and knowledge that will make them adaptable to conditions which are ever changing.

There have been many failures-how could it be otherwise ¥ -but the experience of fifty years leads us to set out on the new era ushered in by the Jubilee with a confident assurance that the best is yet to be, and that the people are worthy of, and will respond to, the best we can give them.

The Jubilee celebrations were carried out on a large scale, and in feasts and dances, and particularly in decorations, into which were introduced many reminders of earlier days, and in which there appeared distinct features marking the utmost the natives of New Britain can do to honor a person or an occasion, the people sought to express their appreciation of what the Mission has done for them and what it means in their lives. The making and decorating of skillfully designed miniature houses such as find, or found, a place in certain ancient native customs involved much thought and work, and was eloquent of the people's desire to make the celebrations worthy of the occasion.

But best of all was the recognition by what seemed general consent of'an obligation to prove today the genuineness of the work of grace in their hearts by responding to the call to carryon the work of evangelizing their own people, and to go out as messengers of the Gospel to the untouched areas, just as Fijians and Samoans and others came in the early days to them.

A spirit of expectancy is abroad, and our prayer is for wisdom and grace to lay hold of this so that a vigorous and glorious church may be built up even in New Britain.

@ BEST METHODS @ ~ .~ ~ … _,, _ _

•••o" …._ …….

EDITED BY MRS. E. C. CRONK, 721 MUllliENBURG BLOO. PHILADELPHIA, P A.

UNMARRIED MOTHERS IN she seemed to possess everything they MISSIONS lacked, even as they possessed every- "Mother of a Thousand Daugh- thing she lacked. The sisters decided ters" is the world's tribute to Eliza to move from their New York apart- Agnew, whose great mother heart ment to their lovely old family home found place for one thousand girls of in a village, in which a college for Ceylon for whom she worked and women was located, and to adopt this prayed. She brought them to Jesus. Chinese daughter and send her to school. With joy they shared the Fidelia Fiske in Persia, Ida Scud- home and all the experience of college der, Anna Kugler, and Isabella Tho- life. When their adopted daughter burn in India and scores of women was graduated and went back to in home mission institutions in Amer- China there seemed no reason why ica are honored unmarried mothers in another daughter should not be added missions. to the family. A second Chinese daughter came in, and, when she was Belle Bennet in Kentucky adopted graduated, another took her place. one girl after another, thus becoming Now the sisters in America are sharmother of an international family. ing three daughters in China and are rejoicing in the affection of their A business woman in New York children's children. learned of a girl in North Carolina who longed for an opportunity for Unmarried motherhood suggests an education. missionary possibility unlimited.

"I will adopt her and send her to school, " proposed the volunteer mother. OUR TEMPLED HILLS IN MAGAZINES She has no large city office, and no safe-deposit box filled with bonds and By EMMELINE HARBISON stocks. Every morning she goes to work and every week she receives her To be listed among valuable helps modest salary check, her life bright- for leaders in the study of the rural ened immeasurably by her newly ac- church are magazine files and current quired family. The daughter she has numbers. Miss Harbison calls attf3ll1,- never seen sends splendid reports and tion to some arti/des which will be chatty letters of college life and the helpful and suggestive.

mother and daughter plan together Seldom has there been a mISSIOn for service in after-college days. study theme that has needed such up- Two sisters were left without any to-the-minute information as the one immediate relatives. They had an at- for this year on the problems of rural tractive home and enough money to life in America. For that reason we provide everything they needed, but should constantly be relating our all the zest was gone out of life. One study to the contents of the maga- round of social functions following zines on our library tables. One is another wearied them. A Chinese very fortunate if that list of reriodi- girl in New York attracted their at- cals has the American Review gf Re- tention. Young, eager and ambitious views in it, because during the past 625 4

few months it has been full of ma- blacksmith's shop, a Wisconsin terial dealing with agriculture and "dirt" farmer vividly pictures eco- the farmer. Beginning with an ar- nomic changes in ' ,One Farming ticle by Secretary of Agriculture Problem "-February, 1926, and in Jardine, in the January, 1926, issue, June, 1926, .a Southern farmer with which concisely sets forth the changes merchandising experience views" Fa- that have occurred since 1900, there vored Farmers" for us. It will be follows in the February number interesting to compare this last ar- "What the Corn Belt Demands," ticle with one written by the wife of dealing with the political situation a Mississippi farmer in the Century and "Farm Bloc" legislation. In for January, 1926–"As Every March there is not only a presenta- Farmer Knows."

tion of agricultural Iowa, but a re- The Literary Digest has not nesume of what the farm press has to glected the rural church in its colsay on farm needs. The April num- umns devoted to religious affairs. ber pictures the rural South and the The comments under "Threatening May issue gives interesting illustra- Rural Dry Rot," February 20, 1926, tions of the cooperative movement in are good and if you have back issues "The Northwestern Farmer in Busi- on file, " Gas Chariots and Dead ness. " Practically all of these num- Churches" will prove interesting bers have some interesting editorial reading-February 28, 1925. comment on the subject. This by no means exhausts the ma- However, one wants to get other terial available. During 1925 there viewpoints to evaluate the situation were many articles relative to the in the light of the Church's responsi- rural situation. We have suggested bility, and the April, 1926, World's some of the most recent material Work with its different political atti- only.

tude not only shows change in the article" The Waning Influence of the PRACTICAL PLANS Farmer," but predicts the future Appreciation, Associa.tion, Relaxa.- trend of the numerical influence of the farmer on our body politic. In tion. At a luncheon given by Baptist the same issue an editorial open let- women of the Central District Board ter to the Iowa Farmer reflects some in Chicago five foreign missionaries of the controversial aspects of the home on furlough and nine home mis- sionaries whose field is Chicago were situation. guests of honor.

A study of the country store past The purpose was to honor the misand present with suggestions of the sionaries, to afford opportunity for economic situation may be found in closer acquaintance, and to furnish the December 5, 1926, number of the an occasion for relaxation. The home Saturday Evening Post and the story missionaries who have been working of a successful foreign-born farmer- under much strain as well as the for- "A Homesteader in Minnesota "-in eign missionaries who have been away the American Magazine of November, from home for years were so enthusi- 1925. astic over the pleasure and benefit of such a gathering it will likely be Four aspects and points of view made an annual affair. have been depicted in the Atlantic MO'l1.thly during the past year. In Race Relations Sunday. A Con- March, 1925, there is a study of one successful "Cooperative" – "The gregational church in New York City Farmer in the Pit" and the economic observed a Race Relations Sunday re- situation is presented in "Our Em- cently in a way that was interesting battled Farmers' '-November, 1925. and educational. A group of Chi- Beginning with a controversy at a nese Christians was invited to plan

BEST MEITHODS

and conduct the entire Sunday eve- " Ming Kwong. " Both men and ning service. women were in this class and four out of the six chapters were led by The choir was composed of Chinese men. Each week a short Chinese students. 'fhe American organ was play was presented. still while Chinese instruments furnished the accompaniment for na- The menu for the last dinner was tional and church hymns in Can- made up of Chinese dishes, recipes tonese dialect. A group of Chinese for which were found in the book children recited selections, and a "Chinese Ginger," by Catherine At- Chinese Christian pastor made a kinson Miller. talk. On invitation the pastor of the church who had formerly been a mis- Ma.p Building_ Ata young peosionary in China made an address fol- pIe's meeting, with South America lowed by lantern slides showing Ori- for the theme, a map game patterned ental life. after the old-fashioned "Tail the Donkey" was played. A large out- After the service the members of line map of South and Central Amerthe congregation were given an op- ica and Mexico was drawn on book portunity of becomin~ acquainted muslin and hung on the wall. Three with their Chinese neighbors and of or four large rivers were indicated examining many articles from China but no other details. Small tags lawhich were on display. belled Buenos Aires, Mexico City and Rio de Janeiro, and so on, were dis- This congregation plans to invite tributed, two or three being prepared other foreign groups to participate in for each city. When the name of the their church services in a similar city was called various players holdmanner. ing corresponding tags were called and asked to pin their tags on the Minion Study in Missouri. A map at the place they thought that city was located. Of course some of Presbyterian church in Mt. Washing- them were far afield, which caused ton, Missouri, has a membership of much merriment and enabled the 425. 'l'hrough interest resulting from leader to claim undivided attention a missionary circulating_ library a when the final map was prepared, church school of missions was proj- showing the correct location of the ected with weekly sessions on cities. Wednesday evenings. Dinner was served at the church by the six circles The Home Church and Its Students. of the Women's Auxiliary in turn with a charge of twenty-five cents for Court Street Methodist Church, adults and twenty cents for children. Lynchburg, Virginia, remembers its From fifty to seventy-five people usu- students in its plans and programH. ally came in time for dinner. Others During the Christmas holidays all of came later. On the opening night its college students were invited as 165 attended Mission Study Classes honor guests to the Wednesday eveand on the final night, 174. The at- ning tea which is a part of the regutendance never rail below 110. lar program for officers and teach- ers. There was a special guest table The general theme for study was with a Christmas tree, and a pres- China. Beginning with the children ent for each student guest. After there was a class with a half hour the Christmas story, the songs and period for handwork and another the talk, there was no doubt in the half hour for stories and pictures. minds of the students that their home church was counting on them. A scoutmaster conducted a class Monthly communications are sent by for Boy Scouts, while the missionary thiEl church to all of its college superintendent of the Sunday school students. led a class for girls in "Torchbearers in China" and ' ,Young China."

From forty to fifty adults studied

INTERNATIONAL REI.A'fIONSHTPS IN 'fRE MAKTNG DOLL MESSENGERS 01' mothers. The little girls-and older ones too-dress in their best, and not FRIENDSHIP only enjoy their own dolls but also visit and enjoy those of their neigh- World peace does not spring full- bors. A new doll may be added on grown from the tip of brandished this day and passed on to succeeding swords. Peace parleys are not a matter for government diplomats only. generations. Seventy-three years ago an Ameri- The Committee on World Friendship Among Children is proposing a can battleship was anchored in Yeddo project for promoting understanding Bay as Commodore Perry said to and- good will between America and Japan, "Let's be friends." Japan. There will be no booming of can- The children of America are in- non on March 3, 1927, when scores of vited: thousands of American dolls will speak the same message for America '8 1. To become acquainted with children to the children of Japan. "lEna Matsuri," Japan's 'Festival of Dolls, which is celebrated on the third It is proposed that the dolls be sent day of the third month of each year, by grollPS of children in public and to learn something of Japan's love private schools, Sunday-schools, for children and home life and to be- neighborhoods, and summer camps, gin to know Japan as she really is. or by individual children, families, and friends. 2. To send thousands of dolls to join the doll families of Japan and The dolls should be new American to serve as messengers and ambassa- dolls carefully dressed in every dedors of good will and friendship. tail, with extra dresses if possible. They should cost about $2.50 or $3.00. The Festival of Dolls is a gala day Upon reaching Japan the dolls will for all Japan. On that day each fam- be distributed by the Department of ily brings out of its ancestral treasure Education to the girls in the schools. house the dolls of mothers and grand-

BEST METHODS

If possible the presentation will be pIe of Japan in good will toward made on "Hina Matsuri," March 3, America. Each class, or individual, 1927. sending a doll, is to prepare a mes- sage of good will in about 150 or 200 'I'here are about 4,500,000 girls, six words to be sent with the doll. to fourteen years of age, in the public schools of Japan. It is hoped that The doll travelers must have tick- the children of the United States will ets and passports, properly vised. send to Japan not less than 200,000 Tickets cost ninety-nine cents with a passport fee of one cent. dolls. The first week in October is desig- Among the opportunities afforded by this plan are: nated as Doll Messenger Week, with posters displayed, and publicity given The forming of a Community Doll the plan throughout America. One Messenger Committee to plan for of the most important possibilities of local cooperation in making the projthis project lies in the opportunity of ect a success. educating thousands of American children and their parents in inter- A study of Japan in schools, Sunnational thinking and in good will day-schools, and other groups. toward Japan, and likewise the peo- The presentation of plays and pag- eants featuring Japan.

EXCHANGE DOLLS MAY MEAN AS :MUCH IN WORLD FRIENDSHcrP AS EXCHANGE PROFESSORS

'j'HE MIBSIOXARY HEVmW OJ·' '1'lcH; WOHLD

The circulation of books and leaf- A farewell or bon voyage party lets giving information about Japan. at which the dolls are guests of honor. A Japanese exhibit may be a feature The publication in local papers of of this party which holds abundant interesting and informing items. with educational possibility. photographs of children of America with their doll messengers. A broadcasting meeting on March 3, to "listen in" to messages from The presentation of stereopticon across the sea in impersonations. pictures of Japan, and the making of Japanese albums using picture sheets There are possibilities without and illustrations from magazines and limit in the plan." other sources. * Full information and instructions will be A study of routes, methods of given on application to the Committee on travel, in outlining the dolls' journey World Friendship AUJ(Ing Children, 289 Fourth and destination. Ave" New York. N. Y.

A SUGGESTED STANDARD OF CHURCH EFFICIENCY Each church should have: 1. A Beneficence Committee that is alive and doing things. 2. Definite missionary education in all departments of the church and Sunday-school at least once a month. 3. An annual, personal, every-member canvass that really reaches everybody. 4. Weekly offerings for missions in church and Sunday-school through the duplex envelopes. 5. A treasurer of beneficences that remits monthly. 6. Giving at least "as much for others as for ourselves" the goal. 7. Prayer for missions–constant, definite.

A REASONABLE STANDARD OF PERSONAL EFFICIENCY ]. A life of victory over sin by the power of the indwelling Christ.

Reb. 7: 25. 1 Cor. 10: 13.

2. The habit of trying to win others to Christ by personal testimony.

Acts 1 : 8. Dan. ]2: 3. '

3. Daily renewal of life through Bible study and prayer. Joshua 1: 8. 2 Tim. 3: 14-17.

4. Making the world-wide proclamation of salvation through Christ an object. of serious and permanent study. 2 Tim. 2: 15. John 4: 35.

5. Giving to God with system, proportion and sacrifice, with one- tenth of income as the lowest proportion. Lev. 27: 30. Mal. 3: 8-10.

Luke 14: 33.

6. To plan definitely to enlist other men in the missionary enterprise -endeavoring where possible to band them together in groups in the I support of a missionary. Matt. 28: 18-20.

7. Habitual prayer for more laborers for the ripe harvest fields, and a serious personal" effort to find them. Luke "10: 2.

Woman's Foreign Mission

EDITED BY AMY G. LEWIS, 150 FWfH AVENUE, NEW YORK WOMEN ORGANIZED FOR PEAVE more cultured. The world was drawn An address by Mrs. Carrie Chapman Catt more closely together, men travelled at the annual meeting of the Federation of in every direction: the missionaries Woman'. Boards of Foreign Missions of went wherever there were people to :'>orth America at Atlantic City, January 10- hear and heed them; the business 11, 1926. man wherever there was a profit to be In looking over the questions which had, until the world seemed grown are to be asked and answered at this together and there were those who conference there is one question I dared to say that now, another great would like to answer. "Do the Chris. war would never come. .And then tian women of your community really in the midst of this confidence there desire the world organized for came the greatest war the world had peace 1" I answer "No," and the ever known and the most destructive.

reason is simple. I had a letter the When Julius Cresar dominated the other day from a man in the West known civilized world, history tells who said, "Out here nobody is in- us that he had only 300,000 men, and terested in the question of war and he commanded all the territory from peace. It is a question which every- the Thames to the Euphrates; and body dodges." Why should they not when Napoleon looked out upon his dodge it 1 There is no war in sight. neighboring nations with the desire Perhaps another may never come. of world power and gained it, he com- What is it to them? They don't manded almost all the known civil- think, they don't know how to want a ized world and he had about 400,000 world organized for peace. men. But when the great war came, Can the women of the churches do men were mobilized by the millions anything about it? Yes, they can and millions, and ten millions of convert everybody in their church to young men actually gave up their want a warless world, to understand lives on battlefields in that one war.

how to get it. We may have peace if Thirty-two nations were engaged in we will. it and when it was over in almost Now, why is this question before every land great men who were schol- us 1 Why is it at this moment so im· ars, who knew history, who knew perative? It is assuredly the great· science, who knew civilizations, these est question in the world. The sci- men said as they recited to them- entists for many, many years have selves the losses that had come as a been exploring old lands and I think result of that war, "We have nearly we must concede that they at least destroyed civilization." .And another have found that mankind has been war like this would utterly ruin it.

occupying this world for a great many What does it mean to us particu- thousands of years; nobody knows larly 1 It means this, that the races how long. They have discovered that and the nations that brought that wars were always common among all greatest of all wars, were Christian these primitive people, and they have nations. It was a conflict of Chris- found that races have been wiped out tian nations upon one side against of existence; nations have disap· Christian nations on the other. .And peared. to aid one side to destroy the civili- This was the history of the world zation of the other side men of less and time went on and man became developed races were brought to Eu- more civilized, more enlightened, rope to do their part. There were men 631

of all the religions and pretty nearly preaching in the remotest corners of all the races that came to serve the the globe, and I find that in the dif- Christians upon the two sides to de- ficulties now besetting China many a stroy each other, and when the war missionary has spoken strongly and was over this had its effect upon in most statesmanlike language the those races and nations that had facts concerning that diffi~ulty. It come to assist, and they are saying was the missionaries who have stirred things they did not think before. these people to want education, to Not long ago, in conversation with desire schools but having had schools a very eminent and distinguished In- and some education they have learned dian-he was a graduate of Cam- to read our history. They know it rather better than some of us, they bridge University-I asked him the know the story of the American revoquestion, "What. attitude do the lution and they ask, "Why is it pa- Christians take now in India toward triotism for the Americans to have rethe great war 1" He said, "They say that every great prophet has brought volted and a menace to the world truth into the world and that Christ when other nations would revolt?" brought the highest truth of any, and They throw up the words of the therefore Christianity is the greatest Magna Charta to the British and they of the religions." I pressed another throw up the words of the Declaraquestion, "What answer does India tion of Independence to the Amerigive?" and his reply was, rather hesi- cans. This is the reason why mistatingly, "India says that she finds sionaries and the Christian Church the Christians a very blood-spilling have an especial du1ly that never came to them before. people. " I am told that when that great What, then, can we do about it? The first thing that is to be done Christian Conference was held in is to understand that war may be Stockholm last summer, great men eliminated from the world. "Peace who were there were shocked not a is an adventure in faith. " The faith little when an Oriental arose and said, "We may regret war, but let it of the Church should be absolute. not be forgotten that all the most de- There are those who say, "Wars alstructive of the equipments of war, ways have been; they are therefore the submarine, the airplane and poi- inevitable, and they always must be." son gas and the new great cannons, Those who take the opposite view say and far-shooting, long-distance guns, that war is a barbarism which beare the contributions of Christian na~ longed to the past and the question tions. They were never in the world of today is, "Are we civilized enough until the Christians brought them." to make an end of it 1" I know the These are the things that they are human mind is slow in coming to con- clusions, very slow in changing its saying over on the other side. position. But it can be done and I Yesterday in a debate as to the would say to each and everyone of status of the Western and Eastern you as you go home, to resolve that civilizations and their relation to each in your own church you are going to other, one Oriental-I think he was a do whatever you can to convert every Syrian_asked a question-and he man and woman in it to the faith that asked it of an American, who did not war may be put out of the world.

answer it well. His question was, How can we prevent war 1 By sub- "Christianity claims that it has the highest and the purest principles to stituting something for it-arbitrabe found in the world, but tell me, tion – conciliation – when men sit in the intercourse of the Western na- around a table and talk things over tions WIth the East, have those prin- and finally come to a conclusion.

ciples ever been applJied?" I am sure everybody here has seen Now the missionaries have been somebody in a temper. You may even

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

have tried it yourself. Well, when a ental; the Orientals can understand person is angry he is crazy; he Him" what did he mean ¥ He was doesn't know what he says or what thinking of all the wars, of all the he does. And you know that any- profits, of all the big business, of all thing an angry man or woman says the ambitions; these were the things is pretty silly. Well, it is so with na- he had in mind.

tions. You put into the hands or that And now there is rising just a pos- angry man a gun and somebody is Ribility-one wonders what it may pretty sure to get killed. You feed a. mean-in the Gandhi movement in nation on lies and hatred and suspi- India, in that strange bloodless move- cion; give it plenty of navies, air- ment in China, in a similar mood that planes and armies and guns and all has eome at times in Syria, even in that and pretty sure it will be that it .the Philippines-can it be possible will rush into a war. that out of that same Orient where But disarmament that is coming is all the religions were born there will not quite enough. There is the League come an interpretation and an under- of Nations. '1'here is a court ready standing of Christianity which the to hear disputes and to render judg- West has never yet applied Y This is ment in certain matters. There is a question for us to consider. It seems the Hague tribunal. We have all the to me that the time has come when machinery, but it is your business every church should rise to a higher and mine to' demilitarize the minds of interpretation of its own faith, to a the world; to demilitarize them so rededication of its own principles, that they do not want to fight. When with a determination to stand for there is a difficulty they will find principle no matter what it costs, to some other way out of it. stand for the application of princi- I myself believe that a terrible ple in the dealing of our own nation challenge has been given to the Chris- with every other land.

tian Church. Christianity stands for And how shall we do it? Let us humility and modesty and gracious- not forget that today the women of ness and kindness and generosity, the world, of the Christian world and all those things, and yet while especially, are enfranchised. No the missionaries have been teaching longer are they without responsibil- these principles and have been living ity. In twenty-nine countries women up to them, the nations they repre- are voting and today they are the sent which are called Christian have rulers of things, whether they know not been dealing with the nations of it or not. And among the church other lands in this spirit and they women I am told many times there is don't now. great indifference. That vote can Let us not forget that with the same make this a warless world. How can treaty which gave the Chinese the we do it? By standing fast, one by right to become Christians, opium one, to these ideals in crises that wav went as a legal business, and China arise demanding of us national acthereafter disapproved of it and pro- tion.

tests even yet. So it is this problem, whether from the Orient there may The following prayer for America come from pagans dealing with is being offered each week in the Christian principles an answer to Madras Union Christian College, In- Christians dealing with pagan prin- dia, showing how eagerly ChrIstians ciples. When a Japanese who i!': a in the Far East are watching the Christian said, "If the Orient is ever Temperance Movement here. to be Christianized, it will be through the interpretation of Orientals and , , We beseech Thee to grant Thy strength to this nation in. its conflict with the evils not of the West; the West has never of strong drink, that the resolve which has understood Christ; He was an Ori- been nobly mad~ w.a:y ~ ClIQNy kept." EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, ]56 FIF'l'H AVENUE, NEW YORK LIVE ISSUES IN INDIAN AFFAIRS prepared to welcome the taking over By THOMAS C. MoFI!'m'T of the educational and health service 'for the Red Men by the states. Many From the report of the Comm.1ttee on Indian friends of the Indians will regard this Missions of the Home Missious Council and as inadvisable in view of the graft Council of Women for Home Missions, Dr. Moffett. Chairman.

Every year settles previously con- and the local indifference or injustice tested interests and brings into promi- which the white man has evidenced in nence new concerns of the Indians of the past and during the "Century of our country. The Bursum bill, in- Dishonor. "

volving the lands and titles of the In October, the Supreme Court of Pueblo dwellers and white settlers in the United States rendered a decision New Mexico, was to the front a short sustaining authority of the New York time ago. Now 'a government com- State courts to pass upon the prop- mission is working out an equitable erty rights of Indian citizens. For adjustment of conflicting claims and a long time the political status of In- in the course of five years probably dians of this state had been unde- final adjudication of these interests fined and a subject of much contro- will be attained. The agitation pre- versy, the claim being made that they vented a serious neglect and injury to were" free and independent nations the rights of the Pueblos, which the enjoying treaty obligations with the Bursum bill would have involved. Federal Government."

Citizenship for the Red Man has The closing of the Chemawa School long been a debated question, and the near Salem, Oregon, to any further signing in July, 1924, by President registration of Indian' children from Coolidge of the Act of Congress con- Alaska should be made a live issue ferring this status on all Indians born by a plea for the continuation of these within the United States, closed this bright and promising Alaskans in this contention. The bill provides protec- very excellent institution. Nearly tion for the property interests and one half of the enrollment is from wardship of members of primitive Alaska. The Tutuilla day school on tribes and individuals, while it re- the Uma reservation, near Pendleton, moves the great injustice of withhold- Oregon, has been closed because of a ing this right and privilege from these departmental ruling that there must native Americans. The use that the be an attendance of at least eight Red Men will make of this boon, and children. Due to a temporary con- their preparation for suffrage in- dition, the number was reduced thiR volve the problems of additional edu- year and the Washington authorities cation and their competency in ad- ordered it closed. The boarding ministering their own affairs. school for the same tribe, registering The relations of the Indians to the from ninety to one hundred pupils, states in which they live has attained was closed last year on the ground of new prominence within the last few economy, months. The SeClretary of the Inte- The constant complaints by In- rior, in his report submitted to Con- dians and by organizations, such as gress, has surprisingly advocated the Indian Defense Society, of bu- much larger responsibility of the reaucracy in the Federal Indian Serv- states instead of Federal control of ice have reached their height this Indian affairs; and appears to be year. A long list of neglects and 634 abuses charged against the Commis- vestigation aud experimentation resioner and Indian field service makes vealed. a formidable indictment. Many of those charges appear to be unwar- The progress in reaching the Inranted or extreme, and among the dians with the Gospel is of supreme 5,000 employees of this branch of the concern, and is the cause of both Government, there are many devoted, gratification and of serious reflection. unselfish and capable men and women At times the work seems to move very who deserve appreciation and highest slowly, even though whole tribes have praise rather than the censure and been led from primitive pagan condicondemnation whieh have been indis- tions into Christian faith within one criminately vented upon them. or two generations. The prayer, "Lord, increase our faith," is ever The physical ailment, which afflicts needed, for there are difficult features the Indians of all tribes, and which is of this task, which make zeal and exreceiving anew the systematic care of pectation lag behind opportunity and the Federal Bureau and its medical need. The total number of missionstaff, is trachoma, the dread eye dis- aries seems sufficient and the approease, involving granular lids, im- priations generous for Protestant paired sight and resultant blindness. service to Indians in the United The government and mission schools, States, and yet there are thousands of hospitals and field workers are en- the Indians without a knowledge of listed in a vigorous campaign to pre- the revealed truth. Recent advancevent and to cure this evil. Our ports ment made by the evangelical of entry have long been closed to im- churches shows no great awakenings migrants afflicted with trachoma, but or large accessions to membership. upon the native Americans there have In the large government boarding been comparatively no restrictions, schools the last few years have eviand the infection has been wide- denced decided improvement in spread. Dr. F. 1. Proctor, of Massa- Protestant service. District convenchusetts, has been rendering a most tions and campmeetings of the Invaluable and expert service without dians and their friends have been incharge to the Government or mission creasing with marked interest and an boards, in scientific and specialized interdenominational regional conferinvestigation and treatment of tra- ence in Oklahoma with cooperation choma in the Indian country. from our Councils is a forward move of this year. The drug evil, peyote and its attendant "mescal worship," afflicts The Committee has collated facts many tribes; and this cult, since hav- and figures regarding religious ining been incorporated as a church or struction in government boarding religious sect, continues its propa- schools. We record our gratification ganda of exploiting Indians who are that of the 49 government Indian ignorant of the injurious effects and schools reporting, 33 stated that the degradations attendant upon this religious leaders were receiving coophabit. Four states have forbidden the eration, encouragement, appreciation importation or .sale of peyote, a spe- and good will in their work, from the cies of cactus growing in Texas and 'Superintendent and principal. In Mexico seientifically designated anhy- several of these cases not only are the Ionium, and most of the churches, superintendent and principal cooper- Protestant and Roman Catholic, have ating, but they are enthusiastic in strongly condemned its use. Dr. the help which they give. Of the 16 Harvey W. Wiley, the eminent medi- other schools 11 fail to answer the cal and pure food expert, has renewed question and your Committee is takhis testimony as to its extremely dele- ing steps to secure an answer. Only terious effects which his scientific in- one school reported the superintend-

ent and principal as actively not co- A Prayer for Christian Unity operating. In the other cases, cooperation was partial or questionable or, o Master of the Galilean way, at least, not up to what it might be. In the light of these returns, your Forgive us for the vows we fail to keep, Committee feels very strongly that Forgive us that we so neglect Thy sheep, the government officers with whom So idly waste this shining harvest day! the religious workers come in contact, Forgive us for the stumbling blocks we lay should be heartily commended for the Along the paths by which wen seek Thee! fine spirit of cooperation which they have shown toward the religious pa:o- Sweep gramS in their respective institutions. From our small minds the strife that WORLD FRIENDSHIP mEALS FOR holds Thee cheap, BOYS AND GIRLS BI'cak Thou the BI'ead of Life to us, We Approved by the Admlnlstratlve Committee of pray! the }l'ederal Council. 1926. What matter that we cannot understand I. We believe that nations should obey The mystery of Love that is divine, God '8 laws of right. Nor pierce the veil1 Dear Lord, our faith increase, II. We believe that nations become truly To know that since our hands may reach Thy Hand Our lives are made alt-powerful through thine '1'0 heal a wounded world and bring it peace!

-Molly Anderson Haley.

great and honorable only by be· ing just and unselfish.

III. We 'believe that Christian nations INTERNATIONAL IDEALS OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST IN have special duties to other na' AMERICA tions. .

IV. We believe that Christian friendship can overcome bad feeling between Adopted by the Executive Committee of the Federal Council. December. 1921; the Quad- peoples and races. rennial Meeting of the Federal Council. DecPID- ber. 1924; and many of the denominations at V. We believe that Christians who love theIr annual assemblies In 1922. 1923. 1924.

their own country will work for goodwill between nations. I. We believe that nations no less than individuals are subject to God's VI. We believe that men and women, immutable moral laws.

boys and girls of all races and colors should be fair and just to one another. II. We believe that nations achieve true welfare, greatness and honor only VII. We believe that all nations should through just dealing and unselfish service. work together for world peace.

VIII. We believe that all nations should settle their disputes and quarrels III. We believe that nations that regard themselves as Christian have spe- in a W'orld Oourt of Justice or in cial international obligations.

other peaceful ways.

IX. We believe that aU nations should IV. We believe that the spirit of Chris- cut down their armies and navies tian brotherliness can remove every unjust barrier of trade, and should stop making war. color, creed and race.

X. We believe everyone should work to stop war and we promise to V. We believe that Ohristian patriot- do our part. ism demands the practice of goodwill between nations. Three blossoms in a happy garden grow. Have care, for this one, 10, VI. We belim;e that international poli- Is white as any snow: cies should secure equal justice Its name is Peace. for all, races.

Three flowers-and one, in hue, VII. We believe that all nations shoulr! A delio,ate goldj associate themselves permanently A harsh breath, then its golden for world peace and goodwill. L€aves shall droop and fold; VTII. We believe in international law, and Its name is Joy. in the universal use of interna- tional courts of justice and Three flowers-and one is crimson, boards of arbitration. Rioh and strong; "'his will, if well entreated, all lX. We believe in a sweeping reduction Others outlive long; of armaments by all nations.

Its name is Love. X. We believe in a warless world. and -Richard Watson Gilder. dedicate ourselves to its achieve- ment.

FROM.l1ANY

EUROPE measure of the National Church Assembly sanctioning practices and doctrines declared British Y. W. C. A. Conference by that settlement to be repugnant to the word of God would be a reversal of the reo T WO interesting ceremonies in con- ligious constitution of this realm, which con- nection with the biennial confer- stitution this meeting emphatically calls ence of the Y. W. C. A. of Great upon His Majesty's Parliament to maintain Britain, which was held in London intact. the end of June, were the special Sunday afternoon service in Westminster English Tax on GaDlbling Abbey and the reception of the delegates by the Lord Mayor and Lady THE prevalence of the gambling Mayoress in the Mansion House. Im- evil in Scotland was referred to in mediately following this conference the April REVlEW.. Christian leaders the World's· Committee of the Y. W. in England are now greatly concerned C. A. met in Oxford July 1st to 8th. over proposed legislation to place a Among the delegates from the tax on betting. The London Christian United States were the following: says: "The protracted campaign for Mrs. James S. Cushman, Mrs. John legalized gambling is apparently now II. Finley, Mrs. Robert L. Dickinson, within measurable distance of success. Mrs. Lewis H. Lapham, Mrs. Harold The argument is based, plausibly Hatch, Miss Katherine Lambert, Miss enough, upon the needs of the na- Mabel Cratty, Miss Sarah Lyon, Miss tional exchequer; but there can be Clara Reed, of Springfield Mass., little doubt that, at bottom, it is not Mrs. E. C. Carter, of Briarcliff, N. Y., the political economists, but the bet- Mrs. E. M. Townsend, of Oyster Bay, ting confraternity, who have been N. Y., and Mrs. Charles L. Jones, of most ·active in the campaign. Hold- Milwaukee, Wis. ing, as we do, that gambling is one of the most ruinous of modern vices, we English Prayer-Book Revision welcome the manifesto of protest is- sued by the Bishop of Lichfield, and ANNOUNCEMENT was made in signed by more than fifty Anglican the June REVIEW of the meeting a"nd Free Church leaders, both minto be held June 1st under the auspices isters and laymen." of the Evangelical Alliance in Albert Hall by Free Churchmen and Church The London Guardian renews its of England Evangelicals, to protest "appeal to the leaders of Christian against suggested changes in the thought in towns and villages through- Prayer Book as tending toward Ro- out the country to keep in the fore- ·manism in the English Church. It is ground of their teaching on the subreported that 8,000 people were pres- ject the moral effect that would be ent, and that after speeches by vari- produced by raising revenue for the ous leaders the meeting unanimously State from the taxation of gambling." adopted this resolution: Prague Students Buy Testa:ments Solemnly and on behalf of true religion IF ANY of those who have attempted throughout the whole country, this meeting religious work in Prague recently calls upon the archbishops now considering had been asked about the probable proposals for the Prayer Book revision to f saIe f N ew Testament s maintain the Protestant Reformed religion, success a 0 0 as by law established in this realm. Any among the students, "their answer,"

637

says the News Sheet of the World's in which Catholic, Protestant and Student C h r i s t ian Federation, Greek Orthodox Christians meet reg- "would have been at the best a smile ularly to do some "hard thinking" of kindly but certain disbelief." But together on Christian problems. one day on the terrace of the Studentsky Domov a table appeared dis- The Bible in French Schools playing Testaments in Czech and German for sale. No attendant was FRANCIS HACKETT, in an article evident, only a plate in which was to in the June Atlantic Monthly, be deposited the price of books taken, makes an interesting comment on and this placard: "How to Read the the differences between British and Bible" : F'rench civilization resulting from the part which the Bible has Do not try to find instruction in science. played in each. Press reports in- Do not stop at insignificant passages. dicate that France may be beginning Approach it without prejudice. to realize what she has lost by exclud- The Bible gives news about people who ing all Biblical instruction from pubdis!lOvered a new life; it is also an urge lic education. A recent government to discontent with oneself and with our regulation for schools of higher grade social order. states in substance: The result surprised even the Pupils must not be allowed to ignore the author of the plan. In the course of principal traditions of the great men of the three hours thirty-four Testaments people of Israel, nor the Books of the Bible were sold and the price for them de- -first, because these are part of the intelposited by the purchaser. Now a lec- lectual and moral patrimony of hnmanity, ture on "How to Read the Bible" is and second, because if ignorant of them we being advertised, and a second sale is cannot understand Protestantism nor Puriplanned to follow the lecture. tanism, nor art as it belongs to the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. Russian Students in Paris "This, " comments the Christian Ad- T HROUGH the World's Student vocate, "is not going very far in the Christian Federation comes news direction of positive religious instrucof several groups of Russian students tion, but it is a hopeful sign. It is in Paris, among them a Bible-study especially noteworthy that Francecircle studying the Gospel of St. Mark, which some would call 'atheistic'- another, consisting of Belgrade peo- feels the need of the Bible in the pubple, former Prague students and some lic schools, at the very time when newcomers, studying the writings of American atheists, who include Volthe Holy Fathers, and the circle of the taire and other Frenchmen among Four Evangelists – quite a new de- their intellectual guides, are protestparture. This consists mostly of vol- ing against every proposal to make a unteer workers of the Student Move- place for religious education in school ment, now students of the Ecclesias- hours." tical Academy. Its purpose is to interest the Academy students in the Protestantism in Hungary work of the Movement and at the same time to be a training center for Move- MR. W. P. LIVINGSTONE, of the. ment workers. The group members United Free Church of Scotland, must pledge themselves to study the who recently returned from a visit to Orthodox liturgy and to master one central Europe, reports a remarkable of the three main foreign languages Protestant revival now under way in (English, French or German). In Hungary. According to Mr. Living- November a meeting took place with stone, there are now 1,500,000 memrepresentatives of the French Student bers of Protestant churches in what is Movement and of the Foyer Interna- still Hungary and 1,000,000 more in tional for women students, which re- the new states formed since the war sulted in the organization of a circle, out of parts of the old kingdom. At

1926J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Prague the Hussite Chureh has Mahmal escort and pilgrims usually doubled its membership in the last hold in the Hedjaz during the pilseven years, and Mr. Livingstone grimage. Tb.e band which accompanies spoke to one Protestant congregation the Mahmal will not be allowed to acof two thousand in a suburb where, company it to Mecca, and must stop at ten years ago, the membership was J eddah. The" Holy Carpet" will only fifty. Practically all of the members of the Protestant churches are have to be sent from J eddah to the Czechs. Kaaba in packages and without cere- German Women Teach Missions mony ; the Kiswa ceremony usually held on the occasion will be absolutely T HE women of Germany are mak- prohibited. The Wahabi Government lng their influence felt in all phases objects also to the Egyptian military of life. The improved conditions in escort entering the Hedjaz with arms, politics, in communal welfare, in all and it is proposed to deprive the force matters of public interest, are to a of its arms on its arrival at J eddah. very large extent due to the activity These objections are due to the Waof the women. One of the most inter- habi teachings which preclude the esting of the developments of recent holding of showy ceremonies in the months is the activity of the women sacred cities. teachers in, the public schools along missionary lines. The evangelical When Egypt Prayed for Britain teachers of religion are united in an organization which publishes its own THE last annual report of the periodical, a paper of high merit in Egypt General Mission speaks the articles it contains. The presi- in this striking fashion of our debt dent of the association is Oberi-n Mag- to take the Gospel back to Egypt; dalene von Tiling, who is prominent "Has it ever dawned upon us that in all forms of women '8 work and is when Britain was pagan, Egypt was a member of the Prussian Parliament. thinking of us, praying for us, plead- The January number of the periodi- ing with God for our salvation 1 At cal referred to contains four articles that time Alexandria was the 'Home on missionary questions. One teacher Prayer Base,' and Canterbury a miswrites; "Missions belong to the sion station in a dark heathen land. schools, for their own sake and for the This is what Gregory wrote to Eubosake of the children." gius, Bishop of Alexandria; AFRICA The English race, situated in the far cor- ner of the world has hitherto relllJlined in Egyptian Pilgritnage Checked unbelief, worshipping stocks and stones, but aided by your prayers, I made up my mind D[FFICULTIES between the Gov- (it was God who prompted me) to send a ernment of Egypt and King Hus- monk of my own monastery to them to sein, then ruler of the Hedjaz, made preach. _.. ,At Christmas last more than ten it impossible for Egyptian Moslems to thousand English people, we are informed, make the pilgrimage to Mecca in 1923 were baptized by our brother and fellowand 1924, and in 1925 the internal bishop. I tell you this that you may know strife in the Hedjaz had the same what your prayers are doing at the world's effect. This year some 12,000 Egyp- end." tians were planning to make the pilgrimage when the Ministry of the Grace VB. "Grandfather" Interior received a report from its representative in the Hedjaz, to the REPRESENTATIVES of the effect that the Wahabi Government, Church Missionary Society point under Ibn Saoud, objects to the tradi- out that paganism in many parts of tional ceremonies which the Egyptian Africa is doomed, but that the African is faced by the perils of materialism. His greatest need is an education dominated by Christian ideals and permeated with the spirit of Chris-

tianity. The Church Missionary Out- 1887, Mr. S. A. Bill being the pioneer. look for April states that at least He is still alive and has not returned thirty men and twenty women recruits for furlough since 1918. They have are needed immediately for the rap- been gathering a very gracious haridly developing C. M. S. missions in vest of souls, 2,785 being baptized last Africa. All these could be supported year. The outstanding feature of the by government grants or local funds work is the developing of the grace without any additional charge on the of giving. Years ago the secretary at Society's budget, beyond that for home became convinced that the methtraining. The urgency of the call od of supporting native workers from from Africa can hardly be overstated. the funds of the society was wrong For some years the Bishop and other and he pleaded with the missionaries experienced missionaries have warned that they insist on the support of their the Church at home that all was not pastors, evangelists and school teachwell in Uganda, and that the story ers coming from native gifts. Their which has been one of the glories of reply was that their converts were too missionary history might easily be- poor. But the secretary at home was come a tragedy. As some of the insistent that the subsidizing princi- Baganda have put it: "Grace has ple was wrong, and at last the miscome into the heart, but grandfather sionaries agreed to give it a trial. is still in the bones," and the result is The result has been remarkable, and often a condition such as grieved St. a surprise at first to the missionaries Paul in Corinth. themselves. Last year the native Christians in West Africa contributed An Arab Colporteur a.t Work about $65,000, while the total income of the Mission at home was a little REV. W. H. RAINEY, secretary of under .$53,000. the British and Foreign Bible Society fo1' North Africa, writes: "We Modern Inventions in Elat have longed for the day when Arab colporteurs would carry the Arabic T HE Halsey Memorial Press at Bible to Arabs. We have searched for Elat, West Africa, continues to be the right type of man but without a marvel to the natives: "The printsuccess. Then we fixed our hopes on ing office is continually visited by the Kabyle and Arab boys being edu- curious natives wondering what this cated in the French Evangelical Mis- is all for. Travelers have come from sion and the Methodist Episcopal great distances to see the marvels of schools. At last our patience is re- this strange workshop. The presswarded. The great experiment is be- feeder is an amazement, but the monoing made. A native Arab colporteur type is a still greater wonder. The is now visiting the Arab cafes in conversation of a group which one day Algiers, and offering the Scriptures to stood gazing at this typesetting was his countrymen. He has already been overheard by a missionary; one of instrumental in selling a considerable them remarked that he would like to number of copies. Then we hope that see the inside of the head of the man during the summer vacation, two that invented such a thing. His young Kabyle students will undergo neighbor maintained that it could not an apprenticeship in colportage work have been a man but a spirit which that will fit them for service later could do such wonders. But a third said, 'When people know God for on." years He gives them wisdom passing understanding.' It is believed, how- Surprising Gifts from Converts ever, that many of the women who visit the shop marvel more at seeing T HE Qua Iboe Mission, which has water brought forth from the wall by its headouarters in Belfast and its work in West Africa, undertook a mission in the swampy district extending south of the Niger delta in

1986J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

turning a knob. These women have teach in the Engli~h language in all their lives carried water from Syria. Property is free from taxes rivers and springs, and it is unbe- and school supplies free from cuslievable to them that such a necessity toms duties. No military service is could be obtained at so little labor. demanded from the students. A su- A 45-foot well just outside the build- perior councilor education has been ing, with a power pump attached, is formed to reorganize the secondary the secret of these astonishing water and higher instruction. The Presi- works." dent and two elected members of the faculty of the American University THE NEAR EAST oj' Beirut have been asked to sit on· The New Wo:man in Syria this council. No requirements have T HE "awakening of girls and been made with regard to the en- women in Beirut to public con- forced teaching of French. No obsciousness within the last few years" stacles have been raised with regard is described by Miss Frances Garside, to meetings, services, textbooks, conof the Y. W. C. A., who says: "More 1+ent of courses, or selection of and more girls are entering the Uni- teachers. Permission has been grantversity of Beirut, going in for phar- ed for all students to enter Syria for macy, medicine, bacteriology and study, regardless of the country from dentistry, with the full intention of which they may come."

entering these professions later. Yet, only eight years ago, the first young Palestinian Jews Hear Gospel A woman in Syria entered a business T the recent eighty-third annual meeting of the British S.ociety office, that of the American Mission. A year later the second Syrian girl for the Propagation of the Gospel ventured into business life, though it among the .Jews, Rev. Frank J. Exley was not for two years later that the described a service in the mission hall third was interested. Today, there is in Haifa, a center where the Jewish not a business office or importance population is increasing very rapidly.

which does not have its stenographers He said: "Jews are not being in- and clerks from among the young duced to enter our mission hall in women of Syria and. in several, young Haifa with any idea that the Gospel women are practically in charge and is to be toned down to suit their making good. These girls are, in the prejudice. The text on the wall is a main, living at home. The Moslem clear proclamation of our message.

girl is slower in coming out into the The service as a whole is in Hebrew.

new order of things." The addresses are earnest appeals to receive Jesus Christ as Saviour and The French Mandate in Beirut Master and Lord. The place is full PRESIDENT BAYARD DODGE of Jews-keen, alert, intellectual, lis- of the American University of tening with the utmost intenseness to Beirut in a recent statement on the the message, and ready enough to talk relationship of the University to the about it afterwards to those who have ]'rench Mandate says that members been speaking to them."

of the French High Commission in Syria and the Grand Lebanon have Medicine and the Bible in O:man shown extraordinary courtesy to the REV. G. D. VAN PEURSEM, of University and that no intimation of the Arabian Mission of the Reinterference with the work has been formed Church in America, writes of suggested. He continues: "The treaty an inland trip: "During our three- between Washington and Paris rati- weeks' stay in Sib it has been amply fied July 13, 1924, definitely gives demonstrated that the need for med- permission to American schools to ical attention is inexpressibly great.

5

The attendance at the morning clinics INDIA, SIAM AND MALAYSIA numbered about one hundred and A Tribute to Character fifty. Dr. Dame operated every afternoon and some days were given over WHEN Dr. S. K. Datta, of India, to surgery altogether. One half day on a recent visit to Australia, he performed nine major and nine was asked by a prominent citizen if, minor operations. 'fhe first week he after all the years of the work of the did an average of.seven operations a Christian missionaries, many highday. Many men sat in the courtyard caste and cultured Indians had acfor four days waiting their turn for cepted Christianity, he replied, "Very ·a much-needed operation. Some had few," but he admitted that, for the to return without relief because the past two or three generations, the doctor had no time. " While med- fathers had been saying to their sons: ical work naturally received the "Look at· these English officials and greater attention in Sib, we were able consider their lives-straightforward, to distribute many portions of the truthful, earnest, laboring to elevate New Testament. The people of Oman our nation and to organize and uplift are very polite, too polite to object to it to the high standard of their own.

one's reading the Bible in their pres- Then look at the missionaries, leading ence. I tried to sing the same hymn lives of great self-sacrifice without every day in the extemporized wards, so that the boys came and sang with any idea of personal advantage. Inme and quite a few of them learned deed, quite the reverse-and what the words and tune." for f '1'0 teach our people lofty ideals of life. They have something which Books as Tools in Baghdad we have not-some motive which our beliefs have failed to suggest. We REV. .JAMES CANTINE, D.D., paying tribute to the work of the want you to cultivate and live up to Ame'rican Christian Literature So- those ideals."

ciety for Moslems, describes what he calls" the evangelistic workshop" in Indian Preachers as Exorcists A Baghdad: "One end of the large RECENT evangelistic campaign conducted by the Methodist Episroom is filled in with book-shelves loaded with hundreds-thousands, if copal Mission in the Madras District you count tracts-of the publicatIons led to many baptisms. J. J. King- of the Nile Mission Press, printed ham writes in the Indian Witness: with aid from your society. On the "The converts are of twenty different walls are illumined gospel texts, ap- castes, a very reassuring fact when pealing and suggestive, from the same one reads some of the assertions of the source, while down the middle of the ignorant that Christianity reaches room are tables, holding the books and only the untouchables. Our congre- papers under discussion. On the g~tion in Vepery alone would utterly 'couches along the sides sit from six dIsprove such statements ….. On a to a dozen men, some reading, but village circuit near the city, the usually listening to someone reading Ptreacher has been called to many a book which is being commented up- homes as an exorcist, to drive out the on. An inquirer, who has been given demons who have taken possession of a book dealing with sO.me specific Hindu women. The aboriginal re- Christian truth, brings it back and ligion is demon-worship and Hindu- something is said that interests all ism proper is grafted into the ancient present and a general discussion fol- cults. The pastor goes to the house lows ….. Now and again one of the and talks with the people, who gen- Armenian or Syrian Christians wan- erally profess their faith that Jesus is ders in and receives an object lesson able to drive out the demon and state as to how the truth can be made at- that that is the reason why they have tractive to a Mohammedan." called on the minister for aid. He

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

then prays for the patient, and in a examination on the Bible stories short time there is complete relief, she taught them since our last visit, and on general truth; also finding out returns to her right mind and goes 'how they are' in every way-eheckabout her household duties. This has ing up oIl births, deaths, marriages, resulted in a number of conversions removals, baptisms, offerings, and and haptisms." many other things. While this is be- Hostility from Arya Samaj ing done in the Christian quarters, some of us are bringing the message CHRISTIAN workers at a rnela in of salvation to just as many souls as North India describe their ex- possible, over in the heathen village, per~ences with a representative of by day and night and sunrise services; this modern sect: "While he by the word of our testimony, by gospreached, yelled, drew and held the pels and tracts, picture cards and crowd we smiled and sold gospels. posters, and psalm books, sold or given But the more we sold the more angry he became. His abuse soon became away. "

more than other Hindus and a near- Buddhist's Son, a C. E. Leader T by Mohammedan shopkeeper could HE newly organized Christian Endeavor Society in Chiengmai, tolerate and only by our interference was he able to get away unmolested. Siam, is sponsored by a graduate of But he only. went to get a band and Bangkok Christian College. This several Arya preachers, who began young man's father, a staunch Budtheir preaching about fifty feet from dhist and the governor of a populous where we were. We could not have district, has from the first opposed asked for better help; because after the action of his eldest son in leaving having heard their messages, the peo- the religion which is announced by ple became more and more eager to His Majesty, the King, to be that of hear what our message was in return the Siamese. All the other members and to take Christian literature ….. of the family put every difficulty in It was not an unusual rnela day, but the way of his adherence to the Chriswhen evening had come the writer tian faith. While living with them had preached sixteen times and sold and in every other particular a loved nearly one hundred gospels, while the member of their circle, he gently but Indian preachers all had had their very firmly adheres to "the Jesus turns and several hundred gospels Way, " witnessing for his Master by had been sold and thousands of free a most consistent walk and conver- sation. He is zealous in seeking to tracts distributed." win young men to Christ, and is the Village Work in the Punjab most enthusiastic temperance leader THERE is no monotony about mis- in Chiengmai. sionary life in India, according to Mrs. M. M. McKelvey, of the United A Pathan Preacher F Presbyterian Mission in the Punjab. ROM the United Presbyterian Mis- sion in Lyallpur, North India, She writes of some of the methods used: "We always try to have a ,comes a report of some successful 'team,' as we go to each village; that special meetings. "The last night the is some of us go to the Christians, and preaching was by a converted Pathan, some to those without-who for the said to be a relative of the Amir of most part are to be found in the more Kabul. He was well taught in the pretentious part of the village. In Koran and other Mohammedan books.

common with the usual method in the He left for Bombay, that he might so-called Christian districts, we fol- lead in debates with Christians. But low a Bible course in the two hun- the more he studied his own books the dred villages where there are Chris- more he began to doubt that there was tians. Each visit to them means an in them a way of salvation. For some

time he prayed that he might be as- ers from Africa and India. " The sured of salvation, but not leave his doors to the student world are not own religion. Finally he was brought closed," agreed these student secreto know Jesus as the Saviour through taries, after sharing experiences of fellowship with a Hindu convert. He the past few months in an agitated is a fine-appearing man and a vig- and tense student world, "but the orous preacher. His message was personal qualifications of student seegiven the best of attention by a large retaries matter a hundredfold more audience. They had decorated the than before. Anyone of fine enough tent and the road leading to the court- personality and with a genius for yard. They also gave him a dinner. friend~hip can cross the barriers that The pastor feels that at last this com- stand even against organized Christimunity has been reached, and that there has been a real awakening." anity. "

Lingnan University Sia.Jllese Village Christians T T A VILLAGE to the south of HE NBW Chinese name of Can- ton Christian College was an- A Prae, Siam, the little group of nounced in the June REVIEW as Ling- Christians were asked to join in com- han University. The Associated Press munity spirit worship, which consists item so gave it, but the correct form of killing pigs and fowls and offering is Lingnan. Chung Wing Kong, the them to tbe spirits to ensure a good Associate President, stated before re- crop. After the offering is made to . turning to China after a visit to the spirits this meat is eaten with rice America, that Chinese had taken over and much liquor. When the Chris- the entire maintenance of the Agri- tian people refused, pressure was cultural Department of the Univer- brought on them through the local of- sity. The trustees have now voted to ficials who threatened to cut off the appeal to the public for a $2,500,000 water supply from their fields. This fund for maintaining and developing would mean starvation, but still tbey the college during the next five years.

refused and appealed for help to the The Chinese want the college and are missionary, who brought the matter doing all in their power to support it.

to the notice of the Governor of the A representative body of alumni and province. This evidently was effec- former students recently sent a letter tive. But while these threats were in to the board of trustees declaring their the air ten persons were received into loyalty to the institution and decry- the Church in this place and others ing present Bolshevik activities in are preparing for baptism. China. Three fourths of the expenses for the current year have come from CHINA Chinese courses. Lingnan Unlversity Leaders for Chinese Students is the only modern university in a dis- trict having a population half as large ACONFERENCE of student Y. M:. as that of the United States. C. A. and Y. W. C. A. secretaries, both Chinese and foreign, which met in Shanghai several months ago, voted Chinese Mission to Lepers O:'ITE of the results of the recent to invite Reverend David Cairns, of world tour of W. M. Danner, of Aberdeen, Scotland, to come to China the American ~lission to Lepers was this coming autumn for talks on Chris- the organization of a Chinese society tianity among the mission schools. The possibility orasking Bishop Temple along similar lines. Mr. Danner says and Maude Royden of England to of its officers: "Rev. T. C. Wu, the come later, for more general work, was General Secretary, is a Baptist minalso discussed, and the desire was ex- ister, in his early thirties, who has pressed that the international visitors studied at several American universiof the future should also include lead- ties, traveled widely, and held a

1926J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Shanghai pastorate successfully. It "Marks of the Lord Jesus" is in keeping with the spirit of the times in China that a Chinese Secre- AN INFURIATED MOB in Kweiltary should be employed, and it was :1 in, Kiangsi Province, is reported satisfaction as we left Shanghai to to have tattooed recently on the face know that the new Chinese lYIission to of a Chinese Christian the characters Lepers, the crystallization of the in- meaning" Foreign Slave. " The Lonterest that had been aroused among don Christian, which tells the story, the Chinese by our meetings and in- says: "Following upon a Socialistic terviews, was already organized and demonstration, an attack was made functioning under capable Chinese on a body of mission workers and conleadership. Dr. Fong Sec, Vice-Presi- verts; and one man, a scholar, who dent, is editor of the Commercial resented the indignities visited upon Press of Shanghai, and though, like Christians in general, was afterward -our own American Directors, busy singled out for still more violent treatwith many vocations and avocations, ment. As reported in the newspapers, he has given generously of his time amid hoots and jeers he was led to the to the Mission to Lepers. Mr Yinson city square, bound, and, as if to show Lee, the President, in addition to be- that only those who follow native suing of splendid Christian character, perstitions could be true Chinese, he has great executive gifts and is pos- was marked with the words' Foreign sessed of boundless energy and en- Slave!' And was it not grandly true thusiasm, steadied by sane and far- that, in faith and hope, the man susseeing judgment." tained relations that were foreign to the thought and feeling of his perse- Power of a Christian HOIne cutors-had he not a citizenship that was heavenly?" MRS. ROBERT F. FITCH, of Opium Smoking Incre…..ing . Hangchow, China, who, with her husband who is President of Hang- ACHURCH of England missionary chow College, was sent to China in at Mienchuh, Szechuan Province, 1898 by the Presbyterian Board, is quoted in the Church MisMnary writes of the influence of Christian Gleaner as follows: "Opium is hospitality: "Fine reads are being smoked far more than it ever was in opened now all through our province. the Manchu days, and this is due to One twenty miles long passes our col- the militarists. Farmers are forced lege, and we invited the manager and to plant a certain proportion of their the director, both non-Christia·ns, to a land in opium, ,and to pay taxes on dinner at our home. Our Chine~e the crop. All the 350 opium dens in dean asked the blessing and, Oriental- this city are run by soldiers. No one like, he made it a long one, remem- dare start one without· permission bering especially our guests. The of- from them, and this permission is obficial on my left said, 'Do you people tained by paying a large sum of pray to God for us?' 'Are we not money in addition to a regular tax. brothers?' I said softlv. He searched Under the Manchu regime a man my eyes for sincerity. ;nd then slowly was ashamed to confess that he nodded. We gave a dinner to twenty- smoked opium; now there is no five of the heads of missionary and shame. Dens are situated in almost government schools in Hangchow. It every city, and the sign is a dirty proved a most social affair and now curtain where the door should be. the headmasters all meet once a month Opium, too, is much cheaper than it at each other's homes to drink a social was, and life is so uncertain and so cup of tea and discuss school affairs. full of risk from the activities of rob- Dr. Fitch is the only foreigner pres- be.rs that all sorts of people are tak- ·ent. " ing to the habit of smoking."

JAPAN-KOREA and broadcasting, opera and dance, Religious Legislation in Japan are all creating new anxieties. "Is ACCORDING to a wirele'ls dis- our sympathy for Japan," says the patch to the New York Times, editor, "to be less becanse her youth June 1st, a Japanese Methodist is facing the same temptations as bishop, Kogoro Uzaki, charges that ours? The backward races of the Christianity is being discriminated earth may have remained such beagainst in a bill prepared by the De- cause of the indifference of the West, partment of Education to be intro- but Japan has changed because of its duced in the next Diet. The bill has active interference. Statesmen and a section devoted to Buddhism and diplomats, educationists and mer- Shintoism but none to Christianity, chants, have all contributed to the which is included in the "Kyodan," meaning other religious groups, in- change. Is the Church satisfied that cluding those of a questionable she has made an adequate contribu- tion ?"

nature. Bishop Uzaki points out that the Christians number only 250,000, Japanese Young Men'. Club but that their activities are far great- REV. J. H. LLOYD, Protestant er in proportion. Moreover, there are Episcopal missionary in Wakamore Christians in Korea than Bud- yama, Japan, writes of work which dhists or Spintoists, but the bill ap- has been opened in the town of Sakai plies there also. Little hope is held by Rev. M. Sakaguchi, rector at of changing the bill, as the commis- Marusu and Nogami. It began, he sion considering it is composed of says, with a young man who was eight Buddhists, three Shintoists, two formerly a motorman on the electric Christians and the rest laymen, but a road between Wakayama and Osaka, few of whom are Christians. The bill but who lost his right arm in an accigives the Minister of Education the dent. "He heard of our services at authority to prevent any religious Nogami and began attending them, teacher from continuing work or pro- became a catechumen and was later fessing his faith if the Minister recog- baptized and confirmed. He formed nizes their teaching "tends to violate a young men '8 club at Sakai and public peace and order." through him the members invited Mr.

Sakaguchi to come to Sakai once a Westernization of Japan week and teach them Christianity, AN article in the Chltrch Mission- which he has now been doing for over ary Outlook for March says that two ye/lrs . . . They invited me to closer contact with Europ8 and come once a month, and I have been America has brought about a funda- several times. There have been forty mental change in the life of the people cf Japan. The atmosphere of to sixty young men and a few old the citie<; is charged with the smoke fellows sprinkled in. A few years of numberless factories. High-speed ago you could not have dragged these electric lines connect the great centers of commerce with the ports, upon men out with a rope and tackle. Now which their prosperity so largely dc- they are falling over each other litpends. The streets are filled with erally to get the thing out of Christramcars and buses, taxis and motor- tianity of which they have heard and f()r which the human heart every- where yearns, a loving, saving God."

lorries, which are gradually ousting the jinricksha and hand-cart. The Japanese Newspaper Evangelism T popularity of European food has HE proved effectiveness of this missionary method is already facreated a demand for European drink, and flasks of non-matured miliar to readers of the REVIEW. When whiskey (Osaka Scotch) are sold Dr. Pieters prepared his pamphlet in freely on railway platforms. Cinema 1919, he reported that since the be-

NEWS FROM MANY DANDS

ginning of the work in 1912 inquiries lief work for the sufferers from the had been received, not only from all recent floods in Korea, writes; "At the towns, but from everyone of the one place, representatives of the 257 townships of Oita Province. Rev. Roman Church followed our workers H. Kuyper estimates from the latest from house to house audibly finding figures that the province' is covered fault with our plan of issuing a minonce in two years. He says; imum ration to every house that was in desperate need. They said: Here is an area o~ about 2,500 square miles, dotted over with small towns, smaller Look at us; we had a f-ew families hurt villagE's, tiny hamlE'ts and lonely dwellings by the flood, and we gave them each Yen 15, in secluded valleys, in which some 900,00,0 and made them comfortable. But the Jesus human beings spend their lives. The mis- Churcn people have given a little to everysionary problem is to cover this territory body, instead of saving it and giving to with the gospel message. The Eiseikan is their own members only, and what have they making its contribution to the solution of this tremendous problem by dropping the got~ gospel seed, every two years, on every nine square miles of this territory. And drop- "'What have they goU' They ping it, mind you, not at random, but where have the knowledge that hundreds of some person has evinced enough interest to people have been kept from starving; ask for it. . . . I like to think of our ad- that clothing and bedding and food vertisement in the daily papers as a light and sympathy have reached 750 famithat casts its beams into every nook and lies; that little children who cried corner of this province, giving men at least for food have been satisfied; that a chance to 'know Him whom to know is peor old bones have slept warm at eternal life. night; that the ' Jesus Doctrine' is known all up and down this river as Growth of Korean Sunday-Schools a teaching that means help for every- T HE attendance in the Sunday- one. " schools ma=ed and directed from Kwangju, Korea, has increased over "Called to be an Evangelist" two hund.red per cent a year for the past fourteen years, according to REV. W. F. BULL, of Kunsan, Rev_ M. L. Swinehart, Southern Korea, who has been in Korea for Presbyterian missionary, who states twenty-seven years, is described by an that, after fourteen years of experi- associate in the Southern Presbyterment and close observation, those in ian :Mission as being "preeminently charge believe the work of conduct- fitted for the work of evangelism." ing these outpost Sunday-schools to The writer continues: "He loves the be one of the most successful forms of Koreans and understands them. Durevangelistic work thus far attempted ing the ten-day Bible class for men in Korea. In one heathen village, in the K wangju field, we were exwhere Sunday-school work was begun tremely fortunate in having him with several years ago, there is now an or- us to conduct the evening evangelistic ganized church, with its own pastor, meetings, the early morning prayer and having about forty baptized meetings, besides teaching one period communicants. From the first serv- a day. These night meetings and ice, held out of doors with sixteen early morning meetings were atlittle boys and girls as an audience, tended by hundreds of people, not this work has developed until now only the men of the class but many there is a Sunday-school with twelve others, besides wemen and children, classes and an average attendance of and at night there were many unbeover two hundred. lievers present. The day class, too, by special request was held at a free Relief for Flood Victims period in the afternoon so that the entire school might have the privilege REV. E. W. KOONS, American of hearing him and not just one class. Presbyterian missionary in Seoul, Mr. Bull has almost a perfect knowlwho was in charge of considerable re- edge of the language of the Korean

people and a wonderful freedom in velopment. Hawaii is a unique center for the use of it." !he inve.stigation of. racial crossing, cultural mteraetlOn, and socral relationships. 'L'hese ISLANDS OF THE SEA various opportunities are not permanent. Some of the peoples are disappearing, othel'S Comity in the Philippines are being rapidly Westernized. If further a11(1 more systematic studies are to he made, T HE growth of interdenomina- too much time must not be lost. tional comity in missionary work has recently been well illustrated in The Foundation, through the Divi- the Philippines, where the American sion of Studies, has pledged funds for Presbyterian and Baptist Boards c('operation with the agencies which have readjusted their territory. Under will make these investigations, has an agreement made twenty-five years provided special trips for two profes- ago, these two missions have occupied sors from Sydney and Adelaide, and jointly the island of Panay. Some has sent representatives on study years ago there was also assigned to visits to Hawaii, New Zealand, and the Baptists the island of Samar, the Australia. third largest in the archipelago, which has a population of 379,000. Hawaiian Gifts for Missions Though it is far removed from the other Baptist stations, it is near the THIS is the twenty-fourth year of islands of Leyte and Luzon, both the work of the American Epis- Presbyterian fields. An arrangement satisfactory to the representatives of copal Church in the District of Honoboth missions has now been made, by lulu and the sixty-fourth year since which the Presbyterians have relin- the English Church began work in quished to the Baptists all the work the Hawaiian Islands. The former on Panay, and have taken over has at present four self-supporting Samar. "This," writes Rey. C. R. parishes, sixteen organized missions Hamilton, D.D., "is practically vir- and seven unorganized. Bishop La gin soil for the Gospel. Within a "J:lothe, during the past year, baptized very short time following the transfer twenty-six children and adults, and of our former Iloilo station force to confirmed 174. "Once again," said Tacloban, the missionaries inaugu- the Bishop, addressing his Convccarated evangelistic meetings in several tion, "I haye to congratulate the misof the Samar towns, and acceptance sionary district on having paid in full of their message was prompt, nearly its apportionment for missions. Every one hundred making definite decision parish and mission met its quota. This for Christ. Calls are coming for miil,- amounted to $9,000; $5,000 for the sionaries to come to other towns and general wcrk of the Church sent ·to doors are opening on all sides." New York, and $1,000 for disposition by our own District :;Vfissionarv Ra.cia.l ProblclBs in thc Pacific Board. This latter sum has been df THE Rockefeller Foundation has recently issued the following state- great assistance to us in helping out ment: the very inadequate stipends of the C'lergy and in the Iolani and the . The islands of the Pacific offer excep- Priory schools. It is a matter of tIonal advantages for investigating raei'll pride to me that Honolulu was one and social problems. The Polynesian people of only six dioceseR or districts that in Hawaii, Samoa, the Marquesas, the So- paid its total quota." ciety Islands, Ellice Islands, etc., will repay continued study. The Melanesians in the NORTH A·MERICA Admiralty Islands, Bismarck Archipelago, Solomon Islands, New Hebrides, Fiji and Plans of Evanston Comm.ittee other islauds offer a wide and fruitfui field ~or investilf3tion. C'ertahl aboriginal groups ACONFERE0JOE dealing with the III Austraha represent one of the few ex- specific problem of church co, amples of people in an early stage of de- operation on the college and univer- sity campus has been called by the Continuation Committee of the Inter-

1!l26] NE.WS FROM MANY LANDS

denominational Student Conference bility in respect to the denominational proheld at Evanston, Ill., in December, gram as defined in the unified budget. 1925. The meetings will be held at the "Cniversity of Illinois, September 2. That the local chnrch put on a well Bth-9th. The attempt is being made prepared Every Memher Plan, which will to keep a fifty-fifty ratio between stu- secure the pledge necessary to insure pay- ·dents and student workers who at- ment of the qnota. tend the gathering. 3. That the money so pledged be punc· tually collected and forwarded on the basis of one twelfth of the year's qnota every month.

The Continuation Committee also The combined foreign budget of the 'announces a study conference entitled general and the women's societies "World Students and the Christian adopted for 1927 was $2,370,000, and Church, " to be composed of forty that for home missions, $1,422,500. leading foreign and forty representa- tive American students, together with Boy Scouts and the Church twenty non-student mission experts. They will meet September 10th-17th THAT the churches haVE; been somewhere in the vicinity of New York City to examine the foreign quick to see the values in the Boy program of the Church as it appears to students, and to assist the Church Scout movement is evidenced by the in its approach to the foreign students in the United States. This con- fact that more than fifty per cent of ference will differ from the method employed at Evanston, in that the the troops are conducted under the progressive minds of both youth and ~aturity will be joined in approach- auspices of the churches and, of the mg the problems which they face in common. The Student Volunteer 12,000 church troops in the United Movement and the Friendly Relations Committees of the Christian Associa- States, 10,000 are in Protestant tions are cooperating in the promotion work for this conference. The churches. Recently a committee of Executive Chairman is Tlfr. George Paik, a Korean and a graduate stu- representatives of the churches, under dent in Yale LTniversity. the chairmanship of Dr. Macfarland of the Federal CwoituhncoilffiocfiaClshuorfchtehs~ in cooperation Scou~ Movement, has been engaged in workmg out a plan whereby the scout prcgram and the religious education program of the churches may be brought into more vital relation to each other. The plan will provide a definite statement of minimum re- quirements for a standard church ATBaptist Missionary Finances troop with appropriate recognition by THE annual meeting of the the church. Parallel to the church Xorthern Baptist Convention in year progra~ there will be, month by month, speCIal features of seasonal Washington the Board of Missionary emphasis in the scout year. It is hoped that this closer relationship Cooperation reported that in five may enable a higher percentage of the boys of scout age to profit by the years the missionary gifts have de- scout prcgram and prove a most ef- fective means of training fBr Chrisclined from $11,2,90,642 to $5431 869 tian service through the church.

while the contributirns for' cu;rent expenses have risen frfiogmure$s16~7a5k2~29n3o to $25,627,771. The account of the many millions contrib- uted during the same five years for Armenian Church in Amerlca investment in church property. The Board urged that as the local churches As A result of the nation-wide surgrow missions be enabled to grow vey recently comple1 ed among with them, and presented the follow- the Armenians in the United States ing program: under the direction of Archbishop Tirayre, the Primate of the Armenian 1. That every local church be induced to Church in America, and his Central aceept a quota representing its responsi-

Committee, the members of that com- zens of Virginia. . . . '1'he Hampton munion and their American friends Board of Trustees at its annual meethave inaugurated a campaign for ing in April decided that in order to funds with which to rehabilitate the conform to the law it would be neces- Church and undertake some very nec- sary to conduct hereafter all gatheressary Americanization work. The ings for entertainment or instruction Armenian children are shown by the as private meetings, open only to survey to be in urgent need of reli- members of the school community and gious education and spiritual nur- to invited guests." ture. According to statistics some eighty per cent of the more than 100,- Czechs in Old New York Church 000 Armenians in this country are members. of their national Church, THE Madison Avenue Presbyterian 'which dates from 301 A. D. The Church, New York City, from the younger generation, however, has pastorate of which Rev. Henry Sloane grown away from its Old World cere- Coffin, D,D., has resigned to accept monials and somewhat lengthy serv- the presidency of Union 'rheological ices, mostly because they have had no Seminary, has long been extending its training whatever to understand or ministry to the neighboring colony of appreciate them. To remedy this 30,000 Bohemians. When Dr. Coffin situation, the Archbishop believes it is came to the church twenty years ago, necessary .to make a most vigorous he found that it was supporting a effort for the religious education of mission over on the East Side. Bethe growing boys and girls on the one fore long this mission was given up, hand, and on the other to have the not because the church wanted to Church, in a measure, adapt itself to abandon its work among the people the changed conditions of country of that neighborhood, but because it and times. preferred to have them come to the home church and mingle democrati- Race in Virginia Law cally with the Christian people of older American stock, many of whom WHAT Principal James E. Gregg, came from families socially promi- of Hampton Institute, describes nent in New York. This daring venas "a resurgence of race prejudice" ture of faith has more than justified resulted in the passage by the Gen- itself. Today of the 1,800 members eral Assembly of Virg'inia of a bill of the Bible school fully six hundred for the compulsory separation of are of Czech parentage. It is doubtthe races in all public gatherings. ful if any other church in the coun- "This," says The Southern 'Work- try reaches as many children of Czech man, "was evidently directed against parentage as the Madison Avenue Hampton Institute because of its con- Church. Furthermore, Czechs of the tinued observance of the custom of first and second generation are found seating all persons attending enter- in great numbers among the members tainments at the Institute without of the congregation and are made discrimination because of color. It very much at home in all the activwas introduced into the Assembly ities of the church. They are reprethrough the efforts of the Anglo- sented on the official boards. Saxon Clubs of Newport News and Hampton; and became the law with- Armenians on California Border out the Governor's signature after the adjournment of the session. It was REV. GEORGE F., KENNGOTT, opposed by several of the leading PH.D., Congregationalist home white newspapers of the State; by missionary leader with headquarters the Richmond Chamber of Commerce; in Southern California, writes in the by the State Interracial Committee; American Missionary of a littleand by other prominent white citi- known situation just beyond our southern border: "Under our immi-

NEWS FROM MANY IJANDS

gration law, with its quota system, teachers who could get a good salary only one hundred Armenians may be elsewhere. " admitted annually, though fifty thousand clamor for admission. Unable LATIN AMERICA to enter directly, thousands have gone to Mexico, believing that after Church and State in Mexico establishing residence and gaining Mexican citizenship in two years they THE editorial article in the April may then enter the United States. Rem:ew, entitled "The Secular . . . Though millions of money and Crusade in Mexico," showed that the thousands of men have been devoted regulations now being enforced by to the salvation of the Armenians we the Mexican Government are not diwill not admit them to America. rected against the evangelical mis- Christians for centuries, trained in sionaries, but that the latter are coour mission schools, physically fit, operating with the Government in mentally alert, spiritually discerning, evel'y way possible. The constituthey knock in vain at the doers of tional provision which requires all Christian America in order that they who perform any ministerial rite to may be with their families who have be of Mexican birth has been felt by comB hithel' before them. On the the representatives of the Protestant other hand, the Mexicans, largely il- Episcopal Church to work especial literate and ·unskilled, fairly swarm hardship for them. For instance, the across the invisible border." dean of the cathedral in Mexico City escaped banishment only by promiss. S. Missions in Canada ing not to officiate in any religious service. That denomination· requires T HE religious need existing in some that the rite of confirmation be per- sections of rural Canada was de- formed by a bishop, but nnder the scribed at the annual meeting of the present law Right Rev. Frank Creigh- ton cannot conduct such a ~ervice in s. P. G. in London by :Miss Eva Mexico. Press reports in June were to the effect that on July 15th much Hasell, who reported on the so-called stricter regulations would be promul- "Sunday-school Caravans." In one gated which would not only insist place only twelve out of forty grown that priests and ministers must be people had ever attended a Christian Mexicans by birth but would provide service before. She said: a fine of 500 pesos and fifteen days' imprisonment, followed by expulsion, "In the southern territory in the as a punishment for violation. Priests diocese of Calgary, where one of the who arouse the public to disobey the Archbishop's Western Canada Mis- laws by letter or by sermons will be sions was, there is now a large Mor- sentenced to one year in jail and mon temple, and in all the day schoolR fined. of that district they have their special teaching in the last half-hour of every Haitian Priest Converted day. In one district the Mormons had started a Sunday-school, and even the T HE recent conversion of a Voodoo Church of England mothers were priest in Haiti is described by Rev. sending their children to it because Mr. Wood, of the American Baptist they thought it was better to have Home Mission Society: "The man some Bible teaching than none. We had been visiting our little Sundayhave now seven caravans; we start school, and had learned by heart a the seventh this year in the diocese ef number of texts, one of which was, Kootenay. There are fourteen of us 'No man putting his hand to the at work; a great many of us who can plough and looking back is fit for the do so, payeur own expenses. Each Kingdom of Heaven.' A little later caravan cests £320. None of the he left the district, and became a workers are getting any salary at all, Voodoo priest, working all sorts of although many of them are trained

magic, consulting the spirits in lonely prehensive urban and rural hygiene places at night, and going from dis- and health programs. The program trict to district as a medicine man. for Rio de Janeiro carries a special But he could not forget the verse department of infantile hygiene, which he had learned. At last he was which includes the care of mothers taken sick, and during his sickness he and of children up to the age of six. had an extraordinary vision which Clinics are being opened gradually in was to him the clear call of God. different sections of the city. The in- When he came to himself, he told his stitute, using funds provided by the wife that God had caned him, and Board of Missions of the Southern that he had determined to follow. He Methodist Church, offered to provide immediately destroyed his three books a home for such a clinic. After the of magic, and threw away the money most careful investigation, the Govthat he had earned by them. He is ernment accepted the olfer, and the now visiting all the Voodoo centers work was begun on Christmas Day. around, telling the people his story of In an address made at the opening of the grace of God. the new clinic the doctor in charge, speaking as an official of the Govern- 4'Revolutionaries in Brazil" ment, expressed the pleasure of the Brazilian authorities in h-aving found T HIS is the title by which Freder- so satisfactory a basis for cooperative ick C. Glass, of the Evangelical effort with the evangelical mission Union of· South America, describes forces. " himself and his ccmpanions on a recent trip into the interior. He says GENERAL of the authorities in one town: "They examined all our baggage for bomb~, World Student Cooperation but found only Bibles! This so impressed one of the police authorities, T HE League of Nations brought tothat he at once purchased our very gether in :'Ilay representatives of best Bible, and furthermore invited seven international student organizaus to put up at his farm on the way." tions to discuss methods of cooperal'.fr. Glass continue~: "Our colpor- tion on subjects of common interest. teurs had twice visited these regions Many matters were dealt with in a some years ago, and I could see re- fine spirit of collaboration. Good suits of their work. In one remote work was done on the question of sefarmhouse I found a man, well ever curing special facilities for students seventy, who had been converted traveling into or through foreign through the reading of one of the countries. This will include the re- Bibles that they had sold. His sons duction to a minimum of passport and grandsons and their families and visa formalities and the obtainhad professed to follow his religion, ing of tariff reductions on railways. though they had not had anyone to The responsibility for gathering inexplain it to them." formation and for approaching gov- ernment and other authorities to ob- Health Problems in Brazil tain these advantages, was delegated to the International Confederation of I N RIO DE JANEIRO there is an Students. It is likely that before institutional missionary pIa n t, long their work will result in subknown as the People's Central Insti- stantial benefits to students who are tute, which is trying to put into effect traveling: The questions of foyers, the conception of a physical as well self-help, and student clubs, loans to as a spiritual ministry which was em- students, exchange of students, unemphasized at the Montevideo Confer- ployment among students, and a comence. "At the same time." says the mon international center, were all Christian Century, "the Government discussed, with a view to practical of Brazil established a national beard action being taken. of health which is working out com-

'0THE MISSIONAmr UBlRAR'l&0 I ~

0kAJ'" ~ 'LHKI """UV!' iriAi, … Uvu' QUO'"

Any books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.- THE REVlEW.

Osman Pasha: A Drama of the New Tur- Prophet of Islam~Jesus of Naza- key. Wm. Jourdan Rapp. 145 pp. $1.25. New York. 1925. reth."

Many find it difficult to believe that Preaching this belief Osman Pasha the cruelty, intolerance and fanaticism that have characterized the Turk meets the same end as his Master at in the past can be undergoing changes that are transforming the the hands of fanatics. The book rewhole Near East. But to those who see the situation in Turkey with a veals an intimate observation of the well informed, unprejudiced mind, the vast struggle of the Moslem world new spirit at work in Turkey today to take its place in Western civilization brings a thrill. The struggle be- and should be thoughtfully read by tween the old conservatism, fatalism and the slavery of traditions and the all who believe that there is an an- swer to the profound uneasiness throughout the Moslem world today.

Turkey is conscious of her needs as never before in her history. What answer will the Christian world give her? J. w. E.

new nationalism that is waking from Modern Education in Korea. Horace H. a sleep of centuries deeply conscious Underwood. 8yo. 336 pp. $4.00. New of its mental and spiritual hunger is York. 1926.

strikingly brought out in this drama. This valuable monograph is the most It is written with an understand- thorough study of educational condi- ing of an awakened people, a sym- tions in Korea. '£he author was born pathy for their bewilderment and in Korea, the son of one of the great- discouragement and a belief in their est missionaries of the modern future progress. Church, the Rev. Horace Grant Un- Osman Pasha, a leader in the new derwood, D.D., LL.D., a pioneer mis- Brotherhood of Jesus, points the way sionary in Korea, the founder and to fuller life by his own death. His first President of the Chosen Chris- love for the daughter of American tian College in Seoul, an evangelist, missionaries breaks down the barrier an educator, an administrator, a of religion that stood between them Christian statesman. The author of and he becomes a follower of Jesus. this monograph, is Professor of Psy- The interpretation of the new spir- chology in the Chosen Christian Col- itual effort by many of the modern lege, Seoul, and has taken a high educated Turks gives to the book an stand as author of an English- absorbing interest. Jesus is pro- Korean Dictionary and a book on claimed a Moslem prophet and the "Every Day Korean." The present Gospels a holy book of Islam. There- volume indicates a painstaking ex- fore a man can be a disciple of Jesus amination of sources and an immense and remain within Islam. Enlight- amount of labor in collating and sys- ened Moslems can thus successfully tematizing materials. After a brief preach Jesus to Islam. Osman introduction on the country, its polit- Pasha's desire is to make Jesus a ieal history and the history of mis- vital foree in Islam. "The goal of sionary work, he presents a wide life is God. The path is love. And range of facts regarding education he who has best pointed the way is a under the old Korean Government, 653 the beginnings and development of six hours we have been traveling missionary education by all the re- through acknowledged Disciple ter- ligious agencies operating in Korea, ritory, as yet untouched by our peo- and the educational institutions and ple, and for which practically noth- policy inaugurated under the super- ing has been done by any evangelical vision of the Japanese Government force. On beyond lies Paraguay, an- General since 1910. The last section other five hundred miles of territory, graphically presents the educational for which we have peculiar responsi- opportunities in Korea. bility. Except in the larger towns While the volume is an intensive we have passed through, even the study of education in Korea and lim- formal and lifeless ministrations of its itself to that country, it involves decadent Romanism are denied the principles, methods and precedents people. "

which make it of wide interest to the And yet Dr. Corey is referring to South America's Mesopotamia, lying students of education in other lands. between the Uruguay and Parana Rivers, where the fertility of the soil Illustrations, <;harts, statistical tables, is probably unexcelled in any part of the world. While Southern Brazil, a bibliography, eleven appendices, Uruguay, Paraguay and Argentina are attracting the money and the and a careful index, make the abun- windmills and Fords of the United States, and immigrants from Gerdant materials readily available for many and other parts of Europe, spir- itual and social assistance from these reference. It is a fine thing to have Christian lands are most sparingly a young missionary do such a satis- factory piece of work. The reader does not wonder that it has won for the author the degree of Doctor of Philosophy from New York Univer- sity. A. J. B.

Among South American Friends. Stephen given, especially in the case of the J. Corey. mus. 182 Pl'. $1.25. Cincin. Continent's ten million pure-blooded nati. 1925. Indians. Yet the Disciples' field just The Vice-President of the United mentioned is that which in the seven- Christian Missionary Society gives us teenth century saw the memorable here his journal of a visit to South experiment of the Jesuits, resulting America last year, when he looked in an Indian imperium in imperio especially into the work of the Dis- ruled by the Church, but falling in ciples, and attended the Montevideo ruins in 1768 when their spiritual leaders were expelled. More to the Congress. As he circumnavigated point as suggesting Protestant possi- bilities is the remarkable work done the Continent, except for crossing it mainly by one man, Barbrooke Grubb from Buenos Aires to Valparaiso, he of the South American Missionary saw both coasts and had glimpses of Society, which is going on from the interior which are agreeably pictured for the reader. strength to strength.

The frontispiec, a church door at Cuzco with its Spanish inscription, Dr. Corey's book is of especial in- "Come unto Mary all ye that labor terest to the Disciples, but its travel and are heavy laden, and she will glimpses and its particularized regive you rest," is a summary of the ports of centers where his Church is Christian religion commonly seen in most active are samples of what Evan- the book on its Roman Catholic side. gelical Missions are doing for our sis- The Protestant aspects of Christian- ter continent. The independent ity are encouraging in certain cities Presbyterian Church in Brazil is the and in the spirit of comity and co- finest specimen of what is doing there, operation evident in those centers. but earnest Protestant workers are Yet how far short our churches are more and more uniting in the from doing what needs doing may be brotherly and Christlike attempt to seen in this quotation: "For fifty- purify religion and life and to extend the blessings of Evangelical Chris- primitive religion. In this study we tianity to all that great continent. have only the first volume of at least two in which Sir .Tames confines him- H. P. B. self to accounts of the worship of the Sky, the Earth and the Sun as de- The Beast, Modernism and the Evangelical scribed in ancient Latin, Greek and Faith. Francis Asa Wight. 311 pp. Indian literature and as seen among $2.00. Boston. 1926. travelers among the primitive peoples of today. No index is provided but The author of this book undertakes the twenty pages of Contents make one almost despair of ever getting a to deal with modern issues "of a mo- respectable knowledge of so encyclo- paedic a subject. Yet informing and mentous nature, involving the life of curious data here given fill the reader with a desire to know still more of both church and state" (i). ' Writing this central group of primitive man's major deities. not so much for the erudite as for the The three forms of worship are great body of believers, he seeks "to treated at the same time, though the race variations are separately treated show the stately steppings of our God as the worship is found among Ary- ans, Persians, Romans and Greeks, down through the ages" (iii) and to the ancient Babylonians, Assyrians and Egyptians and then among the give at least a general forecast of the civilized nations of the Far East, end- ing with the worship as seen among future. the backward races of India, Africa, The book, divided into five sections America and Indonesia. The sky is the most universal object of nature in (I. The Beast and the False Prophet. its varied phenomena, and hence is the starting point of this study of II. The Fundamentals of Our Faith. natural religion. The Vedic wor- shiper of remote antiquity and his III. The Bible VB. Modernism. IV. modern descendant in India look Prophecies and Their Fulfillment. upon all phenomena of nature as ani- mate and divine, though he empha- V. Our Lord's Return.), is somewhat sized the Sun especially. Hardly less devoted to nature deities are the lacking in unity. In passages of ex- untutored Africans who pray to the Earth. American Indians have pressive invective the author pays his specialized more on Earth worship, "the Great Grandmother of all." In respects to modern religious and poli- Indonesia it is the White Divinity dwelling in the Sun that is the object tical movements. The destructive of veneration, while the Black Divin- ity of the Moon is of secondary imtendency rather overbalances the con- portance.

structive. This volume contains scores of in- cidental references, such as the Extreme literalism characterizes Chagga myths of the Fall of Man, an African 'rower of Babel, many stories some interpretations of Scripture, of the origin of Death, Plato's com- bating the youthful scapegraces who For instance the "New Jerusalem" had apparently given up the habit of praying and doing obeisance to the (Rev. 21: 10) is taken to be literally a cube measuring 1,500 miles in each direetion (242). After a severe ar- raignment of the speculations of the International Bible Students' Asso- ciation, the author himself eomes perilously near " setting dates" in his treatment of the "Four Horse- men" of Revelation (pp. 267-9).

The section on "The Fundamentals of Our Faith" is the most valuable part of the book, though chapters xvi, xix, xx and xxiii deserve attention.

In general the author seems too anx- ious to defend the Scriptures, which, properly interpreted, are their own best defense. c. R. S.

The Worship of Nature. Sir James George Frazer, O. M., F. R. S., F. B. A. 672 pp. $4.00. New York. 1926.

When the author reduced his twelve tomes of "The Golden Bough" to a single volume, he did a great thing for busy readers of comparative rising and setting Sun and Moon, etc. written for children, but its text would hold the attention only of the The entire volume is full of interest- exceptional child. Its chief value wquld be to help leaders get up a ing proofs of man's desire to worship, meeting on Chinese Leaders, past, and present. even when he knew no higher object Opening with the story of two to deify than Sun, Earth and Sky. Chinese nobles, some three thousand years ago, who decided to let Lord In his second volume Sir James will Chang arbitrate their differences, the author draws sketch after sketch of complete his survey of the worship of Chinese characters – poets, philoso- phers, statesmen and generals who the Sun and deal with the personifi- helped China to become the great country of the Orient. cation and worship of other' aspects The striking face of Miss Pao Swen of nature, both animate and inani- Tseng as shown in one of the illustra- tions is perhaps the finest testimony mate. H. P. B. of all to the essential nobleness of Chinese character. Our Templed Hills. Ralph A. Felton. Illus. 12mo. 240 pp. $1.00. (60 cents, paper). One closes the book with the feel- New York. 1926. ing that its message lies not so mueh in what it says as in the thoughts it Dr. Felton knows and loves the arouses. With such a past record, rural church. He was formerly a China.'8 future must needs be great! worker in the Department of Church and Country Life of the Presbyterian The Ethics of Opium. Ellen N. LaMotte. Board, a compiler of rural surveys 12 mo. 2()4 pp. $1.75. New York. and now is extension Professor of 1924. Rural Socral Organization at the New York State College of Agriculture, The opium habit makes even Cornell University. His book is the greater slaves than alcohol, and saps general study volume put out by the morals, physical strength and se1£- Council of Women for Home Mis- control. There is even less reason to sions and the Missionary Education license its general sale than to permit Movement. Professor Felton de- the sale of intoxicants and yet many scribes the modern life in rural dis- governments permit the poppy to be tricts, the practical Christian pro- grown and opium manufactured and gram for these communities, the sold for the sake of revenue. Miss leadership required and the relation LaMotte discloses the distressing of the rural problem to national facts and discusses the ethics of the progress. This study is full of con- situation in all countries. crete facts and examples from life in various parts of America. It is rich Tales of Young Japan. People Who Lived in suggestion though many of the in Japan. 12 mo. 61 pp. Is. Church ideals will not appeal to all workers Missionary Society. London. 1925. or meet the need in all communities. There seems to be an over-emphasis Eleven missionaries tell, for young on the social at the expense of the people, these tales of kites, marbles, spiritual aims, plans and forces. parties, silk worms and silk making; These things for temporal w('lfare a journey up Fuji; school and home ought to be done, but the other things life; tea drinking; theatres and other for eternal welfare should not be left Japanese 'customs. Many facts, in- cidents and personal "contacts will undone. help young people of America and England to understand these interest- Chinese Heroes in Legend and History. ing people. William Munn. Introduction by Rev.

G. T. Saywell. 94 pp. Is, 6a. London.

1926.

This little volume might well be called "Sn!tP Shots of Chinese Heroes" as each sketch is so very brief. Its style suggests that it is

The Missionary Review of the World — January 1926

JANUARY, 1926

JANUARy……A Month of Special Values Send for Catalogue T HIS CATALOGUE brings McCutcheon's store to you wher- ever you may live. Good illustrations, concise descriptions and clearly marked prices make it easy to shop from the January Catalog. Damask Table Linens, Fancy Linens, Blankets and Comfortables, Bed Linens, Curtains and D raperies are shown at reduced prices. You "'(ill also find excellent values in Hosiery, Blouses, Dress Fabrics, Corsets, Lingerie, Children's and Juniors' Wear and in Maids' and Nurses' Uniforms.

Write today for this New Catalogue Safety First This is a good motto for investors as wei as travellers. Many in- vestors accept a low ra~e of inter- est thinking it is essential to safety. There ·is no safer investment than ' ANNUITY AGREEMENTS of · the Mission Boards of the Methodist Episcopal Church and the rate is higher than in many other safe investments. Investigate thoroughly and satisfy yourself.

llR. CAROL. OUR MISSIONARY AT ELLIS Write to- I SL A,ND. W ITH A SLOVAK MAN AND . A CROTIAN WOMAN W. J. Elliott. Treasurer. Board of Home Mis- sions and Church Extension of the Methodist Episco- pal Chwch. 170 I Arch ::itreet. Philadelphia. P•.• or Morria W. Ebnea, Treasurer. Board of Foreign Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church. 150 Filth Avenue. New 'tork. N . 'to Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to jldvertisers. THE 'MISSIONARY Review of the World DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Edllor CONTENTS FOR JANUARY, 1926 Page FRONTISPIECE …. A CHRISTIAN ELDEIl. AND HIS FAMILY AT HOME IN NORTH SIAM EDITORIALS ………………………………………………….•.•… 5 THE REOIPE FOR A HAppy NEW YEAR FAITH, FAITHS AND No FAITH TURKEY, RELIGION AND THE MISSIONARIES Two VEn'ERAN MISSIONARIES TO INDIA OUR NEW FRoNTIERS DONALD FRASER OF NYASALAND CHRISTIANITY AT HOME AND ABROAD ……•. HELEN BARREn'T MONTGOMER.Y 17 A striking contrast between the Christian forces and resources in the United States and those in Japan, China and India.

A JAPANESE TRIBUTE TO OHRIS·TIANITY …………… JurORI SHlMOMURA 20 A rema<rkaqle testimo1l1J from a representat'iv(!" of the ])epart·ment of Education. in Japoo as to the va!ue of Christianity and the work of Christian. missions.

CHRISTIAN MOVEMENTS IN THE NON·CHRISTIAN WORLD .. SHERWooD EDUY 21 A genera! survey of signs of progress in Asia as seen by one who has made many journeys around the world.

'rREATING IMMIGRANTS AS BROTHERS . . • • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . COE HAYNE 25 A description of the humanizing and Christianizing work carried on in Ellis Island by the representatives of the Government and of the Christian churches of America.

PARABLES OF LIFE IN CHRIST ………………..•… SADHU SUNDAR SINGH 31 Striking i!!ustrations from nature and life to illustmte the power of Christ in human life.

MAHATMA GANDHI'S ADDRESS TO MISSIONARIES………………….. 34 A recent address delivered by the well-known Indian leader at a meeting of the National Christian CouncU of India, together with the for"ible reply of the Chairman.

A BANKER'S VERDICT ON CHRIST'IAN MISSIONS . . . . . . . . . . F. W. STEVENS 39 Some cOfIClusions reached by a New York busmess man, never before interested in missions, as a result of his first-hand contacts and investigations in China.

LIFE OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN IN NORTH SIAM …… HAZEL. E. HANNA 41 Intimate view~ of the life of women and ohildren of the Laos, deslYl"ibing their customs, trawing and characteristics, written by one who has lived and worked among them.

BEST METHODS OF SPECIFIC GIVING ………. EmTED BY Mas. E. C. CRoNK 47 WOMAN'S HOME AND FOR,EIGN'MISSION BULLETINS ..•……….••….• 55 NEWS FROM MANY LANDS •….•••..•..•……..•.•………….•…….. 61 'rHE MISSIONARY LIBRARY ………………………………………… 77 TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of nve.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, 25 cents. PLlblished monthly. CDpyrighted, 19216, by MrSSIONA,ltY REv!KW PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC. All rights reserved.

THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, Inc.

Robert E. Speer, PresIdent WllIlam I. Chamberlain, Vice-President Dela.van L. Pierson, secretary Walter McDouga.ll, Trea.surer Publ1cation omc., 3d &. Reily St•., Harrisburg, Editorial and Business Omee. 156 Firth Avenue. Pa. 260. a copy $2.60 a year New York City Elntared &B second-cla.ss matter at the Post omce. Harrisburg, Pa.• under Act ot March 3. 18'71) PERSONALS YOUR Children DR. J OII,N R. MOTT, General Secretary of What Are They Studying at the International Y. M. C. A. and Chairman ,sU N DA Y-SCHOOL? of the Intel'llational Missionary Council, has left, with Mrs. Mott, on a Pacific Basin tour Are they learning that during which they expect to travel about the Bible is the Word of 45,000 miles. They plan to visit Japan, God, and a trustworthy Korea, China, the Philippines, SUlnatra, guide to eternal life? Are Java, Australia, New Zealand and Hawaii, they being taught that arriving home on June 4, 192'6. I €Sus Christ is the Son of God. and the Saviour of •** the World? Or are their minds being filled with REV. ROCKWELL lliRMON PO'l'Tl'l&, D.D., of the doubts and denials of Hartford, Conn., has been elected President Evolution and Modernof the American Board of Commissioners ism? for Foreign Missions to succeed Dr. E. C. Moore. The new vice·president is Dr. Ken· YON feoclzers OM po,- yon L. Butterfield, formerly of Amherst, hut nOW President of the Michigan Agricultural ents ought to know. Our School. Sunday School publica- tions, written for all de- nominations, are true to tbe Word of God.

EON. YEN Hm C:H'ING, the newly-ap- The "Full Gospel" Line of International Lessons pointed ambassador of China in Great Brit- ain, is the son of a Protestant Episcopal TEACHERS' QUARTERLY An absolutely new publication, prepared with rna exclergyman and was graduated from St. pense spared to make it the very best handbook for John's College, Shanghai, and Yale Univer- Sunday School teachers available. There are five dis- tinct departments. sity. • REv. RoBEB.T LAws, M.D., for fifty years a y~~~~ i!~~~!:;;'~e~1,~I~e~~!J Bib]~ Study missionary of the United Free Church of classes.. Topics are selected, and expositions furnished to cover every phase of Christian experience. ' Scotland in Livingstonia, Africa, has been decorated by KOng George, a Commander of SENIOR QUARTERLY the Order of St. Michael and St. George. Specia 1features are: Lesson Subject, Lesson Text, Lesson in Brief, Lesson Outline~ Lesson Exposition, Lesson Questions, Home Readings, Practical Points.

* INTERMEDIATE QUARTERLY Meets the needs of young people between the~!!S.of BISHOP lL ST. GEORGlll TUOKER, of the Protestant Episcopal diocese of Kyoto, has l:;':~es~~m~lit~~~c;~()~~~blication, with ~al found it necessary, on account of his wife's JUNIOR QUARTERLY health, to give up his work in Japan. te:~~J~~:r~~~~~r It~U~:fa~pl~~~~re~hS~:u~! *** Reading, Memory Passage. Questions, The Lesson Story, Illustra.tions and an Introduction. REv. G. CAMPBELL MORGAN, D.D., enters, on January 1st, on a six months' service a. H~l)'It~e'l~:'!!~~~~Ien?~~n,~'yQuarlerly, special preacher, in the First Presbyterian adapted for home use.

Clmrel1 of Columbus, Ohio. THE ALLIANCE WEEKLY For-adult classes, The Alliance Weekly is an excep- ** tionally' fine Sunday School paper. In addition to 8 REV. SIMEON CoRNELIUS, one of the lead- Lesson };xposition in ea.ch issue, there is an abundance ing Indian preachers in the Arcot Mission, of Bible study material. sermons and missionary South India, is making a tour of the articles.

el1urel1es of the Reformed Ohurch in Amer- THE YOUTH'S COUNSELLOR iea. th~iBilifei~n~u~~I~~~r:Pt~f ::~v e:s:;:~ln~~~: and entertaining. Clean, spiritual stories; live mis- *** helpful Sunday School notes, and in· s ·es. MIss CHENG YOA Hsm, the first Chinese woman to receive the degree of Doctor of J BOYS AND CIRLS r~1 A lively, interesting paper ~ys and girls between Laws from the University of Paris has been 'the ages of ten and fourteen. Bristle~ with Bible stories, appointed a member of the newly-established incidents and applications. lJiusl,aIed.

Law Compilation Bureau in Peking.

JOY BELLS OBITUARY Delights the little primary people. The pictures and simple stories are fine. Issued weekly. REV. CHAUNCY GooDltlCR, D.D., who had just compl~ed sixty years of missionary Picture Lesson Cards service ~.()IUna 'under the American Board, passed to his reward on September 28th at Picture Lesson Rolls the age of ninety. He labored twenty-nine years to complete a mandarin version of the Lesson Leaflets Bible. Write for Free Samples and Price MaS. EUGENE P. DUNLAP, a missionary of Lists of Sunday School Supplies the American Presbyterian Church in Siam for fifty years, entered into rest at Ken- Send/or Our Catalog sington, Pa., on December 1st. The Christian Alliance Publishing Colnpany Boob Bibles Tract. Mottoes Sunday School Supplies 260 We.t 44th Street NEW YORK, N. Y.

PIeos. Mention This PeriodicaL Please mention 'l'mI: MISSIONARY RBVIEW OF THB WORLD In writing to advertisers.

XLIX ONE THE RE'CIPE FOR A HAPPY NEW YEAR T HE NEW YEAR opens with countless new possibilities-for goo~ or for evil. 'fhe past year opened with similar promises and forebodings, some of which have been fulfilled. The disturbances in China, in India, in Egypt and Turkey, in the Balkans, in Russia and America, have been counterbalanced by hopeful signs of progress shown at the 'Vashington Convention, in the Conference on Latin America held at Montevideo, in the agreement to promote European peace reached at Locarno, and in the religious awakenings in various parts of the world.

But past achievements do not give sufficient ground for confidence. The continued unrest in social, industrial and national affairs, the prevalence of crime and immorality, the growing indifference to the laws of God and of man, and the selfishness exhibited by all classes, all these tendencies increase the conviction that a new year is not of any great value unless men and women have a new heart-a new purpose and a new power that come from a new and vital relationship to God. The turning over of a new page will not change a man '8 program. The coming of a new general into power in China will not insure national peace. 'fhe election of a new National Council in India will not give prosperity to the people. The enactment of new laws in Turkey will not establish justice and brotherhood. The signing of new treaties in E:urope will not obliterate suspicion and strife. Something more is needed to put an end to international jealousies, to bring industrial justice, to put down crime and to raise standards of morality and brotherly love.

A NEW YEAJl.! What might it mean if it were marked by new faith'in God, new loyalty to Christ, new love for man, new obedience to the Great Commission to teach and to live Christ among all peoples and in all circumstances. It is a new heart-" a new creation"-that is needed so that "old things will pass away" and "all things will become new." A new year of life and hope and power 5

may begin at any time when men and women surrender to the control of Jesus Christ and begin to live His life among men. This and this alone assures a Happy New Year.

OUR NEW FRONTIERS ..n..tMERICA has ,frontiers of superstition, ignorance, and prejudice. In our cities are solid national colonies differing in no way from areas in Italy, Poland, Greece, Russia and other countries. The language, customs and habits are foreign. There are rural areas where counties are solidly foreign and where the language of the schools is foreign.

Near many cities and towns foreign people are buying cheap land along electric lines and in areas with good roads on which with bicycles, motorcycles, cars, electrics, they go to their work and return. Shortened hours of work allow such men to clear their land, build fences, plant gardens and care for cows and poultry and still by rapid conveyance avoid loss of time. In their cheap, second-hand cars they carry their eggs, milk and vegetables to market and by barter and sale they make ends more than meet and become savers.

To reach these foreign groups permanently, with sure and spiritual results, calls for methods and wisdom of a type not generally shown by churches and their spiritual leaders. And yet non-Christian forces are making their influences felt among these foreigners in the cities, towns and in the open country. Propaganda of dangerous ideas is widespread and these foreign groups are the fertile soil for teachings that are subversive not only of our civilization, 'but of faith in God and in the Way of Life revealed through Jesus Christ.

c. L. w.

TURKEY, RELIGION AND THE MISSIONARIES T URKEY was once the stronghold of Mohammedanism. The Sultan was the Caliph, the acknowledged head of all Islam, which was the state religion. Education was vitally related to the mosque and the Sheikh-ul Islam was appointed by the Sultan. The laws of Mohammed were the laws of the land. Turkey was as truly a Moslem Empire as Italy was a Catholic Empire when the Pope's temporal sway was acknowledged over all the land.

What a change has come over Turkey! Not only has the Sultan been expelled and the caliphate abolished, but the Republic has been made a secular state, with nominal religious liberty. Government and religion have been separated by decree of the State; the office of Sheikh-ul-Islam been abolished so that Islam is not directly represented on the National Council; the mosques are under the Commissioner of Public Instruction and the teaching of religion in public and private schools is forbidden.

EDITORIAL OOM;MEiNTS

In the Turkish schools, this last regulation has not yet been fully enforced. In Christian schools, Moslem students are not allowed by the law to attend chapel exercises or Bible classes. The management of some of these schools has taken the position officially with the Government that they cannot be expected to act as police and drive out any Moslem students who may wish to attend voluntarily. Some actually do attend from choice. In schools where there are Ohristian students, chapel exercises and Bible classes for such are permitted; but the effort is being made to have such classes held outside the regular program of the school. ",Vhere only Moslem students attend, no general chapel exercise or Bible class is permitted.

On the other hand the Turkish University in Constantinople has a course on religion, with a regular Hodja (Moslem religious teacher) in charge. The Government has also made provision for separate religious schools elsewhere through the country, showing that they are not opposed to the teaching of Islam in public and in private, as has been said. Many of the leaders of the present administration are, however, men with no belief in any religion, and deeply religious Moslems accuse the whole Government of being atheistic and antireligious. This accusation is probably too sweeping, but Islam has not now the hold on the Government of Moustafa Kemal Pasha that it used to have.

Agnosticism and even atheism have made great strides among the Turks since the failure of the call to the Jihad, or holy war in 1914. Nevertheless the vast majority of the common people are still deeply religious; and if Turkey is really a republic ruled by the people, there is likely to be a reaction against the growing atheism.

The present situation forms a testing time for Christian missionaries. While the Government has not put an absolute ban on missionary teaching or the preaching of Christianity to Turks, such work can only be done individually and privately, not in schools or churches. The Government contends that in America and in France the schools are completely secularized, so that the same should be true in Turkey. According to law, everyone is free to profess whatever religion he chooses so that Turks may become Christians. In that case, however, they must face opposition, bitter persecution and possibly death at the hands of their families and friends. While the Government does not punish them for professing Christianity, it may accuse them of disloyalty and try to convict them of treason on other grounds. A Turk is not usually persecuted or punished for attending a Christian service; and in spite of the fact that mission schools are known as Christian institutions, Turks not only enroll in them in increasing numbers, but the Government itself places children in mission schools.

As a result of the present governmental restrictions, emphasis must now be oil personal work with individuals. "For this there is

everywhere abundant opportunity," writes a. missionary in Turkey. Most interesting reports come from the Missions, telling of individ- uals seeking private interviews, and delighting in the systematic study of the Bible with missionaries. Several Moslems have already professed their faith in Jesus Ohrist as their personal Saviour. While the number of Turks baptized since the war is small, a large number are genuinely and deeply stirred, and are learning what it means to be a Ohristian. Women missionaries find cordial reception in Turkish homes, and are frequently asked to read and explain the Bible there. There has been no instance thus far of any missionary being obliged to leave the country because of such personal work. Formerly most of the mission work was among Ohristian sects but today practically the only place in Turkey where such work is being carried on is in Oonstantinople. Missionaries work among Turks, with the permission of the Government, in Brousa, Merzifoun, Omsarea, Talas, Smyrna, Tarsus, Adana, Aintab, Marash and Mardin, but the Government understands that they are not in Turkey to give a secUlar education, but to live Ohrist so as to win men to Him.

As the political horizon clears and Turkey feels itself less liable to foreign complications, a greater freedom for religious effort will probably result, especially as Turkey is looking westward and not eastward for its models. It is well worth while to be patient with present restrictions, and be in on hand when the conditions become more favorable. The missionaries should be able to count on the whole-hearted support of the American churches in the present situation.

A REPORT FROM A MISSIONARY "The Turkish Government has adopted a policy of breaking the shackles of Islam and doing away with the religious superstitions which have held the Turkish people in bondage for so many centuries, but does not oppose the worship of God in the mosques or in the Ohristian churches. The Koran is taught as a regular subject in the curriculum of the government schools for from two to four hours a week. Many of the-Turkish leaders are becoming practically atheistic or agnostic, and the atmosphere of the Government may be regarded as one of agnosticism, but the Government has refrained from attacking the right of the individual to worship in any way he chooses.

"Public institutions, such as schools and hospitals, are not allowed to teach religion and many Turks, including government officials, strongly oppose any attempt on the part of the missionaries to interpret Ohristianity to individual Turks. The missionaries are free to live in the country, to visit in the homes of the people, to have the people visit their homes and to carryon any kind of personal conversation. The Government has done nothing to stop the circulation of the Old and New Testaments in the Turkish language and

EDITORIAL OOMMENTS

many Turks accept gladly copies of the Bible and place them in their houses.

"It is still possible to do vital and effective missionary work in Turkey today, as is shown by the fact that so many missionaries, with excellent qualifications for their work, are united in the belief that this is possible. Many of these men have remained in Turkey at great personal sacrifice and in the face of invitations to attractive positions in missionary work in other fields. One refused an invita- tion to the presidency of the American University in Beirut because he is not only firmly convinced of our opportunity to present Jesus Christ in Turkey but is also enthusiastically hopeful about the re- suIts of this presentation. "To one who has lived in Turkey for any length of time with an open mind, the attitude of the Turkish Government towards religious teaching iIi our schools is easily understood. Religion in Turkey has always been a nationalistic affair, and the word' Chris- tianity' bears the connotation of nationalistic groups opposed to the Turkish Government in the past. Mission schools are still regarded with suspicion because in the past they so largely served the Chris- tian minorities. Any attempt to teach religion to Turks in these schools is interpreted as an attempt to re-introduce into Turkey a divisive factor which has been infinitely troublesome in the past. We feel sure that this suspicion is gradually being dispelled and that within a reasonable length of time the Turkish Government will realize that Christian missionaries have no ulterior motives in educational work orin religious teaching. When this time comes we are conndent that we will have a very great opportunity for presenting Jesus Christ to the people of Turkey. .

"The missionaries are not so much troubled aboJlt the restric- tions placed upon our work by the Turkish Government as by the fact that so many Americans, who call themselves Christians, show a most un-Christlike and unforgiving spirit of hatred towards the Turks and use all kinds of false arguments with great insistence for our curtailing or aband,oning missionary work in Turkey."

A LETTER FROM CoNSTANTINOPLE-THE OPPORTUNITY "Islam has not been abandoned as a religion either theoretically or practically by the Turkish government or people. I might add (1) that a complete separation between church and state has not taken place, (2) that Islam as a religion is still taught in many Turkish government schools, and that Christianity as a religion is taught to Christian students in private schools, (3) that the Turkish people as a whole are very far from being practically atheistic or agnostic.

"A determined effort is being made, without immediate success, by the present rulers to free the people from the ecclesiastical and

religious trammels of their Moslem past, in the belief that religion is a private matter, if it indeed has any value at all to modern men and women. The first article of the present Constitution declares Islam to be the religion of the country. The Moslem clergy, though greatly reduced in members, are still supported by the Government. The usual services of scores of mosques in Constantinople and proportionately throughout Asia Minor are maintained, although poorly attended. In some cases services have been suspended. The present School Law provides that the religion of the founder of the school may be taught to members of the same religion who are pupils in the school.

"The present rulers of Turkey as a class seem not to be men· of any religious faith and experience. They are nominally Moslems but Islam is a culture as well as a religion. It is also a social system as well as· a culture. A man does not readily free himself from it by refusing to perform the stated daily prayers, or to keep the regular feasts and fasts, etc. A man may become an agnostic in matters of faith but he still allies himself with his fellow-Moslems in most of the habits of his daily life. No doubt there is a very strong current against religion of any kind among educated Turks, especially among the younger men and women, but influential government officials and others seem to take particular pains to emphasize the fact that religion is a private affair and that anyone is free to profess any religion he chooses when and where he chooses. The acid test of this statement may come sooner than we anticipate.

"All Christian missionary work does not consist in running an institution on conventional missionary lines. A missionary's life speaks so much more effectively for good or for evil than anything he can say, that there would be ample basis for the continuation of missionaries in a country even though no institutional work were permitted. The Government of Turkey has always sought to prevent the teaching or preaching of Christianity to Turks. For some reason or other however they are not now carrying on their crusade in such a way as to prevent (1) the publication of Christian literature and wholesome literature generally in Turkish, (2) personal work on the part of many missionaries, teachers, physicians, nurses, social workers, dealing almost exclusively with Turkish men, women or children, (3) the activity of the Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A. in respect to their physical, intellectual and social program, shot through as it is in every part by the spirit of Christ. The Government of Turkey, after placing severe restrictions upon every Christian institution with regard to so-called' Christian propaganda,' nevertheless tolerates Christian missionaries as teachers, physicians, writers, social workers, etc., knowing that they have a reputation for character-building, Christlike influence.

"While Turkish students are not permitted by law to attend

EDITORIAL COMMENTS

Christian services or Bible classes in schools or colleges, some of them do so in spite of the law. So far as it can be prevented no personal Christian work is allowed among Turks but for the last century personal Christian work of the most vital kind has been going on among Turks. Persecutions come and will continue to come. That is the way the religion of Christ has spread throughout the centuries. Turkey is no exception. It would be perfectly possible for a missionary to act in such a way that the Turkish Government would expel him from the country. Few of the 108 American Board missionaries in Turkey are now working among Christian sects and many of us believe that at the present time we are engaging in the most vital missionary work that we have ever done. Just because we suffer under the handicap of not being able to fill the pages of missionary journals at home with stories of what Christ is doing among the Turks, we are frequently supposed to be doing nothing and are threatened with lack of support just when we need support most and when the opportunity for doing what we really came to Turkey to do is greatest iIi. spite of restrictions.

"There is a wonderful opportunity in Turkey today for the Christian missionary if he is willing to accept service on Christ's terms. A virile nation is being reborn. It is shaking off the trammels of the barbarism and formalism of the past more rapidly than the most sanguine missionary ever believed possible. 'We do not see many ripe grains yet but the whole field is getting yellow.' Unprecedented opportunities for friendly contact and personal intercourse with Turks are ours todav. We are face to face with a Moslem people to see what Christ can d~ for them through us. Whether He can use us or not depends more largely on us than on the Turkish Government. We feel, as never before, the necessity of complete surrender to the Spirit of Christ, that we may rise to meet the opportunities He has given us. Will you become an active prayer-partner with us in the Turkey Mission ¥"

"N FAITH, FAITHS AND NO FAITH EVER before, any where in the world, has there been such a Fellowship of Faiths as that recently demonstrated in New York and now developing in Boston and other cities." So reads an announcement of a recent effort to bring together Jews and Christians, Catholics and Protestants, Bahaiists, Buddhists, Confucianists, Ethical Culturists, Hindus, Zoroastrians, Moslems, New Thoughtists and others of any faith or of no faith, all in a common "fellowship" for conference and cooperation. Similar movements have been started in the Congress of Religions and conferences of various faiths in Great Britain and elsewhere. Frequently these have been promoted by those who have no deep conviction as to the

truth of anyone religion but who think that any religion is good and that all are based on the same" spiritual fundamentals."

Is such a "Fellowship of Faiths" likely to be helpful in leading men and women to God ~ Can Moslems, with their exaltation of Mohammed over Christ, and Hindus with their devotion to Krishna and a myriad other deities, Buddhists with their belief in karma and Jews with their rejection of Christ-can all these, by public debates, reach any satisfactory basis of agreement as to the true revelation of God and man's relation to Him?

All religions reveal man's need for God and the search of his soul after God. The diversities of ideas, the differences in method of search and the conflicting conclusions do not, however, offer any hope for true fellowship among earnest seekers after God. Such conferences and unions have in the past resulted only in confusion-a babel. We see no basis of agreement between those who receive and those ",horeject God's revelation of Himself and the Way of Life made known thr.ough His Son Jesus Christ.

The announcement above referred to invites us to attend the discussion of "What Hinduism Means" as explained by ten representatives of ten different religions, including Bahaim, Christianity, Judaism, Islam, New Thought and Ethical Culture. 'l'his is the program set up in a Christian church in New York under avowedly Christian auspices! What can come from such a presentation but a jumble. of ideas, a conflict of statements and opinions, a religious hash made up of various views-true and false, poisonous and wholesome, godly and ungodly 1 The religion of Christ has nothing to fear from a frank and full comparison with other religions but it is difficult to imagine Christ or His apostles setting up in Jerusalem, Antioch, Corinth or Rome a "Fellowship of Faiths" where friends and foes were invited to discuss the merits of their various cults. Such a method develops partisanship through argument. The Christian message is a testimony – a witness to Christ and to what God's revelation of Himself means to one who has experienced new life in Christ. While loyal disciples may appropriately invite those ignoran.t of such reve]ation and e.xperien:ce to investigate freely, and to have their difficulties removed, there can be no real "fellowship" between those who accept and those who reject the Son of God.

The Christian religion welcomes frank, earnest investigation, but loyal Christians have no time to waste in promoting fruitless debates in which adherents of various cults seek to uphold their particular philosophy. Christians should seek to understand the views and obstacles that prevent others from following Jesus Christ but they cannot unite in any" fellowship" that is not in harmony with fellowship with the Father and with His Son Jesus Christ.

EDl'TORIAL COMMENTS

TWO VETERAN MISSIONARIES TO INDIA O VER fifty years ago, on October 29, 1874, Robert A. Hume arrived in India to begin his work as a Christian missionary under the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions. For half a century he has continued his strenuous and manifold work in behalf of the inhabitants of the Deccan and has become widely known and highly honored by the people. Dr. Hume's jubilee last year was worthily celebrated in Ahmednagar where he was acclaimed "its most distinguished citizen and one of India's worthiest sons."

Robert Hume was born of missionary parents on March 18, 1847 in the city of Bombay. At the age or seven he set sail with hiR dying father for the long journey to America via the Cape of Good Hope, the Suez Canal not being opened until fifteen years later. His stricken father passed away and was buried at sea, having com- forted his wife and children with the words: "vVe are not where we ourselves chose to be but where our Heavenlv ]J'ather would have us be." The character of Robert Hume's mother is indicated by her words to him when he was sailing as a missionary twenty years later: "Half my life goes with you to India, but God knows it has been my dream that you should go there."

Dr. Hume has done a remarkable work on religious, philanthropic and national lines. He has many intimate friends in every Indian community and years ago was elected to the National Congress by his "fellow-Indians" as he delights to call them. He has been able to take a great and helpful part in the public movements of the day in India and in recognition of his leadership in famine relief operations the Government conferred on him the Kaiser-i·Hind gold medal for Public Service. One of his latest accomplishments has been the erection of a number of dwellings to improve the housing conditions in the city where he has lived for the past half-century.

Dr. Hume is well known as a notable preacher, editor, author, philanthropist, publicist, theologian and ambassador of Christ to India. On several occasions he has been English editor of the weekly English-Marathi Christian journal, the DnJ/anodaya, and two books on Indian Missions have come from his pen, viz., "Missions from the Modern View," and "An Interpretation of India's Religious History." Perhaps his most distinctive contributiotl t~ IndiaIi. Missions has been his championship of the Indian Church a1ld the support he has given to its leaders.

Dr. Hume's missionary career would have been notable had there been nothing else to his credit beside his more than twenty years' i'nfluence as "guide philosopher and friend" to the Christian poet of Maharastra, the Rev. Narayan Vaman Tilak, and the converted Chitpavan Brahman who in those two decades gave poetry to India.

There are scores of other Indian Christian ministers upon whom Dr. Hume has exerted the same unique influence.

The missionary's sympathy with the Indians and his remarkable adaptability and readiness to meet every possible situation have given him a great place in the hearts of the peasants of the Deccan. He has worked long for church union in India and has been elected first moderator of the United Church of India North, which combines the Congregationalist and Presbyterian Churches of Western India.

JAMES C. R. EWING Another honored veteran missionary, "an ambassador of Christ to India" was the late Sir James Caruthers Rhea Ewing, D.D., LL.D., D.Lit., K.C.I.E., who passed to his reward from his home in Princeton, New Jersey, on August 20th. Dr. Ewing was seventy years of age and had spent forty-three years in India-thirty of them as President of Forman Christian College, Lahore.

Dr. Daniel J. Fleming, formerly of India, writes of some of Dr. Ewing's characteristics that made him a great man, a great Christian and a great missionary. He says: "I name first Dr. Ewing's mastery of the vernacular. From the first moment in India his will was bent to overcome this preliminary condition for witnessing and for oneness with the people. Not every one knew that behind this easy flow of Hindustani in Dr. Ewing's sermons and addresses had been exceptionally faithful application. Dr. Ewing had a democratic freedom from any sense of racial superiority and a frank, natural liking for human folk. In his prime he could have called by name three-fourths of the student body of what is the largest mission institution of college grade in the world. His warm fellowship took in young and old, men and women of the non-Christian community as well as of the Indian Christians, government officials as well as nationals.

"Service disregarding cost to self marked his career in India. Many a day he went about his duties as principal of the college with a splitting headache although he might have been free from that in America. Many a time he would go to class while suffering from fever. For years he definitely faced the possibility of shortening his life by continuing in India in accordance' with God's will as he saw it. There was not one shred of shirking in him, and he held all the college staff up to their best by the example of his own loyalty to duty.

"PHleminent among Dr. Ewing's characteristics was his loyalty, to his Saviour, Jesus Christ. At governor's reception or senate hall he always wore, as was his custom, clerical dress which was symbolic of the unhesitating outspoken way by which he made it plain to all where he himself stood in all moral and religious questions. In a college which in the nature of things was made up largely of non-

EDITORIAL OOMMENTS

Christian student~ and where the tension between Christian and Hindus or Mohamil.'ledans might easily become disastrbus, he made it perfectly plain to his staff that they should speak unhesitatingly of Jesus Christ. As a good administrator he discouraged any artificial religious excitement, but was quite willing to face the disruption of the college through the Baptism of one who was found in Christ his Saviour. It is not surprising that Dr. Ewing's last words were, 'I know that my Redeemer liveth.'

"Dr. Ewing was a big caliber missionary. Not infrequently did men say that no man in northern India, whether civilian or governor, surpassed Dr. Ewing in widespread and varied influence. Hence it was, that responsibilities came heavily upon him in mission, in college and in university, and in all sorts of public and governmental relations. His honors betoken this. Yet through it all, Dr. Ewing would be the first to say, 'Not by might, nor by power, but by my Spirit, saith the Lord.' "

" C DONALD FRASER – "ONE "VHO SMILES WITH ANY ONE" HISEKESEKE," the African nallle given to the Rev. Donald Fraser, D.D., means "one who smiles with any one." After many years in Nyasaland, Dr. Fraser has become Home Organization Secretary of the Foreign Mission Committee of the United Free Church of Scotland. The following address was presented to Dr. Fraser by the African Christians on his departure from the field: "We, as members of the Mombera Native Association, have heard with . deep regret that you have received a eall from the Home Church to leave your post here for ever that you may serve God in another noble work in Scotland. As by God's grace our eyes have been opened, we must frankly say that we have observed the following things in your long and blessed service: .

"1. The people among whom you came were utterly lost, so that their spiritual life was uncared for; but you, with your care for the salvation of souls, proved yourself an earnest follower of Christ's Gospel by preaching and by opening schools in very many villages, so that people in these villages might be redeemed from sin and its consequences. As the result of your preaching and opening of schools there is today many a saved soul. These are the crown of your ceaseless activities.

"2. Your heart, which was full of compassion for the unsaved, was restless and unsatisfied in spite of many conversions, and so you resolved to hold annual conventions for the following reasons: (a) to deepen Christian truths in those already converted;. (b) to bring to the Light those who were still in spiritual darkness. These conventions have been the means of salvation to hundreds of souls in Angoniland.

"3. On the day when you first left Scotland you had only English music in your mind, but, after you lived among the ~goni here, you drew very sweet music out of the native mind by eneouraging us to sing praises to God in purely native tunes, and now Ngoni tunes are sung in many languages in

and outside Ngoniland. OUI" Ngoni and Tumbuka hymn books are rich in native hymns, which today are another means of spreading the Gospel.

"4. As you saw a Christian Church forming in Ngoniland, you resolved to teach the infant Ohurch that a Church that is sympathetic with the unsaved ~s a Church that is blessed and that grows strong within itself, and so you sent teachers to Marambo and Usena to make Christ known to those faraway lands. Glory be to God that you aid not only senu teachers to Marambo, but yourself went there constantly, preaching, teaching, baptizing, celebrating Communions, organizing the Church, opening and inspecting schools . . .

"5. Many of those who had the opportunity of understanding you have found in you a passion for winning souls for Christ. as you have again and again been found pleading with backsliders and infidels to come to Christ. Your study was ever open to those who came to you for spiritual help, and you, in turn, have visited many a hut to teach and plead for Christ in the individual home.

"6. Through God's grace and help your intellectual powers have been a great store out of which new and helpful ideas and plans have come from time to time to feed and nourish the infant Church of the Ngoni., and those who are spiritually minded will never forget you in this.

"7. In 1915 the Ngoni learned something new from you-that you did not come from Scotland simply for the redemption of men's souls, but for the redemption of their bodies as well: We remember when the Boma wished to punish some parts of Ngoniland beeause of the chiefs' unwillingness to lend a hand in the Great War, you were the man who encouraged the Ngoni to go and take their sha.r{l in that ·Wu;.. We must never forget that memorable day when, at your word, hundreds ·of men, .with teachers among them, thronged to the Borna at Mzimba~ offering· themselves for service in the Great War. Chiefs and Indunas have always found in you a great and sympathetic helper in. political matters.

"8. In difficult circumstances, bothspiritnal and physical, you have stood firm in faith and hope for brighter days.· Surely you have proved yourself a real optimist; and your encouragement to us in many dark times has put new life in us. We admit that on the part of the people you came to help there have been ingratitude, disappointment, sin, and apostasies from the Christian faith, but amid all these you have been found faithful to them. Hence, many love you dearly, and call you a father who has begotten them .through forbearance and sympathy."

THE BIBLE HOUSE OF LOS ANGELES* T HIS Bible house, of which Mr. R. D. Smith is the secretary, has for twenty-five years been publishing and distributing a high type of evangelical literature. The workers cooperate heartily with the regular denominational missionary agencies by supplying underscored Spanish New Testaments and other Christian literature, especially for Spanish-speaking peoples in the United States and in all parts of Latin America. Missionaries are most grateful for this help and the blessing of God has abundantly rested on the work.

• An unsympathetic reference to this highly respected evangelical agency was printed by mistake in our November number. This we deeply regret as the work.. has our hearty sympathy,- EDITOR.

at Home and~Abroad-A

Comparison BY MRS. HELEN B.Affi.RETT MONTGOMERY, ROCHESTER, NEW YORK Author of "Prayer and Missions," ete., etc.

O NE cannot comprehend the magnitude of the task confronting the Christian Church in non-Christian lands except by com- paring the Christian forces of those lands with our forces in America. It is difficult enough here, with all advantages of centuries of Christian tradition and Christian institutions. What must it be in lands blighted by superstitions, ignorance and idolatry1 In the United States there were in 1925 more than fifty million communicant members of the Christian Church (Catholic and Prot- estant). This means about one professing Christian to every two members of the population. 'l'here are thirty-three . million Protestants at home, or nearly one Protestant com- municant to every three non-Protes- tants.

In India, on the other hand, the Christian communicants (Catholic and Protestant) numbered about one in everyone hundred of the population.

This is proportionately only about one CHURCH MEMBER RATIO TO pOPu- • •• LATION IN AMERICA fiftieth of the strength of the ChrIstIan Church in America. If there were no more church members in the United States proportionately than there are in India, there would be but a little over 1,000,000 all told (Catholic and Protestant), or less than the Spiritualists count in their membership. If these members were evenly distributed, a city of ten thousand population, where there are now four thousand church members, would have less than one hundred Christians.

In China there are about two and a half million Protestants and Roman Catholics, many of them only nominal Christians. The Prot- estants number about one in eight hundred of the population. If America were no better evangelized, there would be only one Protes- tant Christian in 150,000 in the United States or three thousand Protestant church members in New York City. At this rate, the whole Christian body (Catholic and Protestant) in America would equal the present membership of the Lutheran Churches.

In Japan there are nearly 250,000 nominal Christians (Protes- tants, Roman Catholic and Rlussian Orthodox)-about 155,000 of them being Protestant. This means one professing Christian in less than three hundred of the popUlation. In the same proportion, 17 2

the professing Christians of the United States are, as a body, one hundred times stronger than they are in Japan. The same proportion of Christians to the population as in Japan would mean only 330,000 Christians in America. Evenly distributed, a village of six hundred people would have only two church members and the nominal church members in the United States would be less than the Mormon Church membership. Comparing evangelical Christians, those in possession of the open Bible and best fitted for intelligent evangelism, the thirty-three million Protestant church members of the United States are nearly sixty times as many proportionately as the evangelical Church in India, two hundred and seventy times stronger proportionately than in China, and one hundred and fifty times stronger than in Japan. If the Protestant Church of the United States were no stronger than in China, we would have only 150,000 or about as many as the mem- bership of the Reformed Church in America. In Japan there is one Protestant Church member to every five hundred of the population; in the same proportion, the Protestants in the United States would be no more numerous than the Greek Orthodox or about 200,,000 members. Or on the basis of evangelical Christianity in India, instead of 33,000,000 Protestant Christians in A.merica we would have only about half as many as the present membership of the Northern Baptist Churches. If these were evenly distributed, a city of thirty thousand would contain less than two hundred Protestant church members.

When, to the numerical disparity between the Christian forces of America and those of other lands we add the lack of spiritual training and experience, the contrast becomes even more startling. 'fhe comparatively strong American Church is supplemented by Christian schools, newspapers, books, hospitals, the Young Men's and Young Women's Christian Association, and many other institutions. In America there is at least one minister, one teacher, one doctor, one nurse in every five hundred of the population; more than twenty out of everyone hundred of our population are in school,

OHRISTIANITY AT ROME AND ABROAD-A COMPARISON

college or university; books and papers abound; travel is easy; the postal service reaches every corner of the land; railways and good roads bring people together. In China and India, illiteracy is the rule and education the exception; physicians and nurses average less than one to every five hundred thousand. Multitudes in Asia and) Africa are without the possibility of going to school, or of read- ing books and papers. Besides this there is lacking the general back- ground of common traditional knowledge about the all-wise and lov- jng God, the soul and the divine Saviour from sin. The Church in these non-Christian lands is weak, still hardly free from the super- stitions of heathen traditions in the midst of which it lives.

H ow can these Christian allies carryon without ottr aid?

Anyone who studies the present conditions from a Christian viewpoint must be convinced of the absolute necessity of Christianizing the world if there is to be any hope of setting men free from oppression, selfishness and strife. Hence the call comes to Christians in America and Europe in an inescapable challenge. Our allies on Asiatic frontiers must have help if the battle is to be won either here or there. Their battle is our battle and so is their victory, as much as if the conflict were waged in our very neighborhood. The cause is one and we have one Great Commander.

When one considers the effort and the money expended to give the Gospel to the unevangelized in America, we feel ashamed of the failure to do more for those who have not our opportunities and advantages. We are not doing too much at home. There is need here for trained Christian ministers and doctors, for teachers and nurses, but if we need so many in America what about the other millions whom Christ came to save but who have not yet learned of His salvation 1 Here is the failure of our modern Christianity. So long as this failure continues we can have no power for the conquest of our evils at home. A Church that is disobedient to its Lord in this primal obligation-the spread of the Gospel throughout the world-is certain to be a Church shorn of power. We should have at least as many missionaries abroad as in our own land, and we should give at least as much money to evangelize those in Asia and Africa as to maintain the Church in America, where the popUlation is only one eighth that of the unevangelized world. Under the present conditions, how c;l,n we hope that our protestations of loyalty to Christ will be taken seriously!

The men, the money, the earnest effort put into war register our determination to win the conflict. So the men, the money, the prayer and effort put into the effort to win mankind for Christ register our loyalty to Him and our sense of the value of the Gospel. When we give to world evangelism only about $40,000,000 a year, or the price of one ice cream soda and the cost of a moving picture

ticket each week, the taint of unreality must affect all our prayers and our service. Toamusements we give twenty-seven cents out of every dollar spent, while to benevolence and religion we give less than one cent.

To 'attack the tremendous task of world evangelization with courage and intelligence, with determination and with the sacrificial spirit, would transform the life of the Church at home and the spirit that actuates all our endeavors. The great lack is not funds, but fervor; the greatest need is not numbers of workers so much as it is the need for spiritual power, with a deep conviction of the efficacy and supremacy of the Gospel. We need a more whole-hearted loyalty to Jesus Christ, onr Saviour and Lord, and the Saviour of the whole world.

A Japanese Tribute to Christianity .A testimo,ny by Mr, Juwhi Shimomura, the head of the Bureau of Religions of t"c Government Department of Eduoation, in his address before the third general meeting of the National Christian council of Japan, October 9, 19:25. What a marvelous change hall oome in Japan when the governmental representative of the Department of Education oon make such an address!

I AM most thankful to the Christian Council for what it has con- tributed towards the improvement of the spiritual life of the Japanese, for what has been doue for the nation as a whole and for the great success attained in the propagation of the spirit of Ohristianity in more than two hundred cities and towns during last year's nation-wide Evangelistic Campaign. The work that your Council and its cooperating bodies are doing is not limited only to the problem of faith, but they have done and are doing much in charity, rescue work, and educational work. It is an undeniable fact that it was chiefly the example shown by Ohristianity that has stimulated the other religions and has changed the whole religious world of Japan.

One wish I would like to express has to do with the solution of our social problems-chiefly the solution of the problems of capital and labor. From time to time, various ideas have been made public concerning these problems, but they have always emphasized the material side of things: they have mostly had to do with the production and distribution of wealth or with political problems. In my opinion, problems of the mind or heart are the most important. In the solution of social problems right religious knowledge is most eSl;lential. .

The purpose ascribed to education for adults in England is .after all, to give them a true knowledge of Christ and to teach them to be faithful to Him. Influential men of the Church take the lead in this work.. It seems to me that it is this work that makes the English different from any other nation in the way they seek to solve all sorts of problems. The problems which seem very hard may easily be solved if Christian education is given to the youth.

Movements in the N on-

Christian W orId BY GEORGE SHERwOOD EDDY, LL.D., NEW YORK T ORD MORLEY'S description of what is taking place in India L may apply to almost the whole continent of Asia: "We are witnessing a vast and stupendous process parallel to that which took place in Europe from the fifth to the twelfth century, a people in transition; and to guide that transition may well be called a glorious mission."

The leaders of these plastic nations, the leaders of Asia, with over half the human race, are today being educated. Three forces have brought about this great awakening: European trade, Christian missions, and Western education.

Three centuries ago, with the founding of the East India Company in 1600, European trade reached out and entered the East. A little more than a century and a quarter ago, in 1793,. William Carey went out as the first Protestant missionary from Great Britain to northern India; a little less than a century ago Alexander Duff went out and began the great educational crusade in India. Gradually these forces, working through the masses and among the leaders, have wrought tre~endous changes.

Today, we are witnessing a transition so vast that it may well be called the renaissance of Asia. 'fhe intellectual awakening has been greater than the revival in E1.uope five centuries ago.· There are three million pupils in the new school system of China, about seven million pupils are studying modern education in Japan and India has a wonderful system. Japan has become a nation of leaders, with 98 per cent of her children in school, a stupendous feat of education, achieved in a single generation. China by one stroke swept away the system of two thousand years, adopted modern education, turned temples into colleges, and replaced old classic examination halls by modern schools and colleges.

In India, with forty or fifty thousand college and professional students, a million pupils in secondary schools, and seven million in the great educational system, the foundation of society has changed.

There is a thirst for modern education among the masses of Asia; the leaders of half the world are being educated. This is affecting life, bringing about social, political, industrial and religious changes. In our lifetime a change has come by which Japan has passed from mediroval feudalism into modern constitutional government. China has in a day become a republic and is seeking to establish a real democracy. India is throbbing with new national consciousness that is the mainspring of motive and action today~ 21

Among the leading classes this sense of liberty and the rights of the individual is sweeping with force.

The great intellectual and political awakening in Asia is accom- panied by a great economic, industrial, and commercial awakening.

The trade of China has increased sixfold, the trade of India tenfold, Japan twenty-fold. Great cities are bristling with smokestacks like Pittsburgh or Birmingham, with great hydro and electric works and marvelous irrigation systems. The whole of Asia is changing. There is a great social awakening. Structural changes permeate society as the result of this education spreading a new sense of rights of manhood, uplift of womanhood, and the yalue of childhood, the rights of the individual, and a new passion to uplift the lower classes. Caste is doomed in India and the family system of China is changing from communism to individualism, from bondage to liberty. The students and educated leaders are becoming imbued with a new passion for social service, so that almost unconsciously all Asia is pulsing with a new social awakening.

The moral and spiritual awakening is still more marked. The preaching of the Word of God, the healing in the hospitals, the dis- semination of new ideas through colleges and schools are bearing fruit. The great thought of God as the Father, the living 'J1aly God, the value of the individual, the sense of man's brotherhood, the higher Christian morality, and above all the conception of Jesus Christ, are all creating a new moral and spiritual atmosphere far beyond any record of conversion, permeating all the educated classes of Asia. .

Think what a change has taken place in the last century. One hundred years ago there were only about one hundred Protestant foreign missionaries in the world. Today there is an army of thirty thousand, the Bible in over six hundred languages. Then there was not a hospital or medical missionary in Asia; today more than a thousand missionary physicians with their hospitals and dispensaries, carrying healing of body and soul into the homes of rich and poor.

Then there was a little handful of small mission schools, while today there are fifty thousand colleges and schools inl the non-Christian world, training two and a half million future leaders in every de- partment of thought and life for Africa and Asia.

One hundred years ago there was not a :protestant missionary in Korea or Japan, not fifty in China, and but a little handful in India. Today there are three hundred thousand Protestant Chris- tians in Korea, half a million in China, and two and one quarter million in India. There are signs of progress.

Every week thousands of new members are added to the Church of Christ. Thirty years ago Japan was in the midst of her great anti-foreign, anti-Christian reaction; Korea was unknown, and China was gathering for the Boxer uprising when foreigners would be

CHRISTIAN MOVEMENTS IN THE NON·CHRISTIAN WORLD

killed and Christianity stamped out. India was caste-ridden and conservative, and there seemed not a ray of hope in the Near East that the Mohammedan world would ever change. Today the world is broken wide open. Japan is modern and is marked by great for· ward movements in evangelism. Korea has been swept by the power of Christ so that there gather at prayer meetings 30,000 or more every week. The Christian Korean is a witness and the Gospel is still good news in Korea. Evangelistic movements have also swept over India and China, creating a new mental, and moral, and spiritual atmosphere. Brahmins, M.ohammedans, and Buddhists listen to the Christian message. One young Brahmin whose ancestors wrote the philosophy of the Upanishads when ours were savages, a few years ago bitterly hated Christianity and burned down a mission school, beating the missionary with sticks. Then he became interested and bought a copy of the New Testament. He was gripped by the Sermon on the Mount, his heart was melted by Jesus Christ; he was baptized and suffered the loss of all things, but entered the service of Christ and t09k charge of a large district with Indian pastors, catechists, and teachers, with schools and churches, uplifting that great district in Christian civilization. As in ancient Rome, here and there a Tertullian or an Augustine, so one by one among the British Indians are won to Christ and these will be used to win the masses. Thank God there is a Christward movement among the educated classes.

The leading Brahmin of India, knighted by the British Government and made a British judge, has in his bedroom the picture of Ohrist crucified on the Cross, that he may see it night and morning. Every night he reads the Bible, and has read it again and again. His favorite passages are John's Gospel and Paul's Epistle to the Corinthians. E,very morning from six to seven, though not a Christian in name, he spends in meditation and prayer. He draws his inspiration from Jesus Ohrist. He is not baptized, not on the records of the Christian Chnrch but he believes and worships Christ. The ideas that lie at the heart of the Christian Gospel are permeating every department of Hindu thought and society. There are thousands of secret followers of Jesus Christ outside the range of the Christian Church in India.

Twenty-five years ago, in 1900, China had her Boxer uprising, when the Dowager Empress sent out the decree to kill the foreign devils, and thousands of Christians laid down their lives. Today, officials of the government and officers of the army, and leading educators are outstanding Christians. Thousands of students are studying Christianity in Bible classes. A young college president said to Prof. Robertson: "Where do you Christians get your power and hope and comfortf" Professor Robertson answered: "Let me introduce you to my unseen friend, Jesus Christ." That college president joined a Bible class. Later he began to pray and testified that

suddenly it was as if a great light filled his whole soul, as at the is conversion of Saul of Tarsus. He stood before the college trustees and confessed Christ. Now he the head of a modern institution with students from the eighteen provinces. There is a Christward movement among the educated classes as well as among the masses.

Thank God Christ is at work in the length and breadth of Asia, and there is not only an intellectual renaissance but a spiritual and moral reformation, a movement among the masses, a movement among the millions at the base, and among those educated ones at the top, a movement Christward. Here is a great challenge-shall we meetit1 Here in Christian America we spend three times as much, to mention only miserable despicable trifles, for chewing gum, as would give the Gospel to half a world; twelve times as much for soda water; seventeen times as much for candy as for world-wide missions; one hundred times as much for moving pictures; seventy times as much for tobacco. Here is half the world without Christ and we are'laying up a billion dollars a year. They need what we have, and we are playing with it. Two thousand dollars will run a Christian college for a year, not including the missionary's salary. A thousand or twelve hundred will support a missionary. I know a man whose daughter offered to go to the field. He took two tenths of his income to support her; then they took in boarders and gave more; he is now giving six tenths of his income from a slender salary. A teacher in a school, supporting her mother, has her own foreign missionary abroad. Does not this challenge come as a call from God1 If you could see what money will do out on the mission field, I believe you would try to meet this challenge from the masses and from the educated leaders, and that you would try to support a missionary. "Give ye them to eat."

God, our Father, have mercy upon us, that having known Thy Gospel so long and having had it for centuries, wshohl it back in selfish luxury. Open our eyes to see the poverty and the need and the hunger, the great movemeut among the masses, the great movement among the students, the great movement sweeping through these plastic nations of the Asiatic and the non-Ohristian world. Oh God, give us to see, give us to feel,give us to cl;tre, that_ we may rise up as the Church of the Living God, and carry the Gospel to ihese our brothers in other lands, that we may hear the call of our Lord Jesus who died for them as for us.

Dr. Jonathan Goforth once Baid to General Feng, "You are becoming known all o'l'er the .christian world."

"That's my danger, ", the General replied. "The devil will make me a special target for his attacks." "Yes," Dr. Goforth answered, "but there are thousands and tens of thousands who will become intercessors to pray for you." – "That's my salvation," he answered.

CHILDREN'S PLAYGROUND AT ELLIS

Treating Immigrants as Brothers BY (JOE HAYNE, NEW YORK OITY , 8 ONE 0 'CLOCK the door leading from the gr€at porch on the second floor of the Administration Building on Ellis Island, Uncle Sam's chief port of entry for aliens, was unlocked, and down the new, steel, outside stairway ther.e came a stream of people or many races. Some of them for the first time felt beneath their feet the soil of America, the "Promised Land" of the Occident.

Husbands, wives, little children and older boys and girls, bachelors of hoth sexes, widows and widowers, all passed quietly into the sun- light from detention quarters. There was no babble of voices as when school children ate "let out for recess." . These newcomers in a strange land hlld been granted the use' of Ellis Island's playground for an Ilfternoon IlS a part of the new plan for daily recreational ac- tivities fgr men, women and children. They separated into groups, determin;l3d by ties of kinship or cnance acquaintance.. The .aged and the mothers with very little children made their way to benches.

Others lay upon the soft grass from which there arose a fresh, sweet smell. The fleeting fragrance was dimly reminiscent of meadow- lands and village lanes of the lands across the .sea .from which the strangers had come. One man lay flat upon his back and held a baby at arms' length above his face, laughing and rocking the child in his cupped hands. . ….

25

Silent groups stood at oneElnd of the park, their eyes caressing the tall buildings of Manhattan. These were enduring an enforced detention which had not been anticipated. They were tragic figures suspended bet1Veen two worlds, people without a eountry; having broken the old' home ties they were not permitted readily to form new bonds. The strain of waiting and the fear of exclusion moved them deeply. .

Now down the center of the green comes an American, sounding a referee's whistle, soccer ball tucked under his arm. Smiling, he approached a group of young men, with the remark: "How about a game of soccer?"

The immigrants stared at the young American and turned away, but cutting diagonally across the playground he blew his whistle invitingly, halted in front of a tall, red-cheeked, flaxen-haired youth and invited him to join in a game of football.

But the youth shook his head and walked to a high wire fence from which point he could obtain a nearer view of the Battery. Beside him stood a lank Asiatic whose swarthy brow mounted high and broad above blue-black spectacles. On one of the benches sat a huge peasant who stroked the hand of a little old woman upon whose face was a smile that drew a second glance. It wast the banner of courage, lacking in vitality, as though acquired and preserved through many years. Washed ashore upon a mysterious island, the gaunt old couple faced life in a new world, or death in an old, lovers to the end.

In another corner of the field a youug woman social worker tossed a basketball gently into the arms of immigrant women, one after another, who laughingly tossed it back. Soon a semi-circle of women, one with a toddler by her side, were enjoying a game, the point of which was to catch the ball and so keep at the head of the line. A "miss" sent one to the foot as in the spelling test in the oldtime district school.

But some cannot be happy. When a social worker asked an J<Jnglishwoman to join in a game she replied: "Play? How can I play? I have never been kept under guard before. I have always been decent. I am most unhappy. I'll play, but only because you want me to."

A soccer game began when the director kicked the ball toward a youth who had been out the day before. A match was arranged between two teams that included two Scotchmen, one Italian, two Irishmen, three Germans, one Hungarian and one. Jew. It furnished good! sport for the players and for many who looked on in need of some distraction. The gloomy blonde immigrant with the rosy cheeks sat on Ii bench with elbows on his knees, head gripped between his hands. No doubt he would join in the game the next day.

Swings, merry-go-rounds, flying rings and slides were in demand,

TREATING IMMIGRAN'I1S AS BROTHERS

while a young woman from the Ellis Island kindergarten directed games for the younger children.

In permitting religious and social agencies to send representa- tives to Ellis Island the Government has been mindful of the special need of immigrants for friendliness and sympathy by reason of their abnormal mental condition occasioned by their detention. Passes are issued by the Commissioner for a limited number of workers who have been recommended by the General Committee of Immigrant lid representing thirty-three religious and social organizations- Catholic, Jewish and Protestant.* The workers plan their daily pro- gram with the view of meeting the religious, social, educational and recreational needs of these de- tained immigrants.

Manual work has also its place on this program, for acute cases of mental depression are often averted by occupational therapy. The Daug-hters of the American Revolution supplement the work of the General Commit- tee by keeping two large material closets well stocked with cloth, yarn, thread, knitting frames and other equipment. Rug-making, scarf-weaving and bead-work have been introduced. A Hindu boy whose case was on appeal helped to introduce scarf-weav- SIX NATIONALITIES AT EI..I..IS ISLAND ing. Though unable to speak Polish. Russian, Czecho.slovakian, Armenian, German, Scotch English he used a rough pencil sketch to show the D. A. R. representative how to make a hand knitting machine out of a narrow block of wood. Another alien in- vented a way to knit slipover sweaters for little children in need of them. The simple contrivance has kept scores of men busy during • The tollowlng are the thirty-three const1tuent societies com,posing the General Committee of Immigrant AId: The AmerIcan Baptlst Home Mission Society, American Tract Society. The Belgtan Bureau, Board of Domestic Missions of the Reformed Church in America, Board. o( Home Missions and Church Extension of the Methodist Episcopal Church, Congrega.tional Home Missionary Soelety, Tbe Council of Jewish Women, Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church in America, German Society of the City of New York, Hebrew Sheltering and Immigrant Aid Society of America, Holland Immigration Bureau Christian Reformed Church, Home Missions Council Evangelical Denominations. The Immigrants Mission Board of the United Lutheran Church in America. InternaUonal CommUtes of the Young Men'n Christian Association. National Department of Immigration and Foreign Communities Young Women's Cbrlstian Assoclat()n, HaHan Welfare League, Lutheran Immigrant Society. Irish Emigrant Society. Mission of our Lady of the Rosary, National Catholic Welfare Conference. New York Bible Society. New York Protestant Episcopal City Mission Society. Norwegian Lutheran Church of America, Polish National Alliance of the United States, St. Ra.pb",1 Society for Italian Immigrants, The Salvation Army, Swedlsb Evangelical Mission Convent of America. The SWedish Lutheran Immigrant Home, The New York Travelers' AJd Society, Women's American Baptist Home Mission Soolety. Woman's Board 01 Home Missions of the Presbyterian Church, Woma.n's Christian Temp·erance Union, Woman's Home Missionary SOCiety of the MethodlJ>t Episcopal Church.

trying periods of detention. No questions are asked as to what dis- position they make of articles they produce. They may sell them, give them away, or retain them as personal property.

Dress materials are freely distributed to mothers whose mental suffering is alleviated by work. A yard of delicate Persian: lawn with a bit of silk ribbon, to be made into a child's dress, has a tremendously soothing effect upon a panic-stricken mother separated from her sick baby in the hospital. Another great boon is the day nursery con- sisting of three large rooms, one equipped with a modern porcelain bathtub for infants and all well supplied with cribs. Not a few immi- grant mothers gain their first real understanding of sanitation in the care of infants in the Ellis Island nursery.

The kindergarten and day school on the Island are the outcome of the joint endeavor of the immigration officials and the General Committee of Immigrant Aid. Children of many races here turn the hours of profitless monotony into pleasant social, physical and mental activities. ,In the one room available, as many as two hundred chil- dren have been cared for in one day, with classes for pupils ranging from two to seventeen years of age. The principal of the school was born on Ellis Island and therefore has a sympathetic understanding of her task in this child-garden, under conditions that have no pad;llel. She speaks Spanish, French, Italian and Portuguese, and is IE!~rn- ing Yiddish. She says: '

"I take some time each day to make the rounds of the dete~tion rooms to see if new children have arrived -on a recently unloaded ship. It is not easy to get them to come to schoo], for they are timid and the parents are more so. The strange. surroundings, the neces- sary physical inspection, the unexpected deportations, with their in- cidental wait here on Ellis Island, combine to frighten these strangers at our port. The fathers and mothers themselves are little more than children and must be coaxed and comforted and persuaded to give their children into our care. "

Religious services are held every week; on Saturday for the Jews and at different hours on Sunday morning for Roman Catholics and Protestants. The General Committee of Immigrant Aid co- operates with the Commissioner to provide speakers and music and also to arrange special programs and gifts for the celebration of Christmas and other holidays. Bibles are distributed among immi· grants as they arrive, 71,027 copies in thirty-four languages having been given the newcomers in 1924. Diglot gospel portions are espe- cially useful for aliens who are eager to learn English and when they find their own language printed in a book parallel with the English version they soon acquire the use of English words. At the same time as their vocabularies grow they learn from the Scriptures the moral standards and ideals on which American society is founded.

This is a great help in the solution of the immigrant problem. Care-

TREATING I¥MIG-RANTSAS

.fully selected religious tracts in many languages are also distributed as is a manual issued by the Daughters of the American Hevolution, which contains the first principles of American citizenship.

Free concerts, one each week throughout the year, with special concerts by other organizations volunteering, are made possible by the cooperating organizations. Violin and vocal solos, orchestral, band and choral music and piano and organ recitals do much to entertain and comfort. A large radio receiving set with amplifiers has neen installed in detention rooms and motion pictures are regularly shown under a liberal arrangemenl with a film company. Recently a machine has been given and is in use by a trained operator every Friday night.

i, . The immigration station on Ellis Island not only affords the Government opportunity to examine alien arrivals but makes possible th~ protection of immigrants from exploitation by unscrupulous persons waiting to prey upon them. The transfer of baggage and the routing of immigrants to their destinations are in harmony with this. policy. Governmelft and social workers act as guides to near-by points and provision is made for the chaperonage of girls coming to in~ended husbands. In the custody of one of the workers of the Social Service Department the intended bride, after securing a license, may have her nuptials performed on the mainland by a minister of her choice or before a magistrate. Relatives and friends of immigrants must furnish satisfactory identification before the authorities will entrust newcomers to their care.

m-. Other forms of helpful servic.e under the supervision of theimmi- gration authorities and the General Committee of Immigrant 4-id

elude the assembling of complete layettes, the distribution of clothes to needy immigrants, library facilities, the social cup ;of tea, the ministrations of the chaplains, and classes in English.

The Social Service Department at Ellis Island is a connecting link between organizations, social workers, friends and relatives of immigrants. The Government has taken into account the value of the friendly contact of each immigrant with an intelligent person speaking his language. In the handling of a single case a worker may be obliged to solicit the help of several outside constructive agencies such as hospitals, settlement houses and societies of foreignborn.

The new quota law has reduced the number of people landed from steamers but has increased the individual immigrant's expectancy of a welcome at the gate.

A drama of progress is being enacted on Ellis Island which should represent a way of life symbolized by the imposing statue dominating New York harbor with her flaming torch. 1'he aim of the system is to produce American citizens, but it is a process often fraught with human anguish. At heart America is just and humane. Commissioner Curran is of the opinion that the Port of Entry should be one of the great humanitarian institutions of America. Why should immigrants dread to enter this great porU When immigrants secure our consular officers' visas they receive an implied invitation to come as far as the door. When they land at Ellis Island or elsewhere they become the wards of the United States, if not in- vited guests.

In his Toronto address, June 27, 1924, Professor Julius Drachsler of the College of the City of New York, declared that "a deep and abiding sense of the inviolability of the immigrant's essential humanity" constitutes the first principle in a policy for the incorpora- tion of newcomers into the life of America. What shall be done for those who are excluded from American society 7 Shall there not be a "deliberate policy of humanization" that will make of the deported immigrant a lifelong booster of America's particular brand of hospi- talityf It should not be possible for him to return to his land of origin to say with more or less truth that there was not sufficient water at times in the dormitory building on Ellis Island for sanitary and drinking purposes. .

Professor Drachsler's idea is at the foundation of Commissioner Curran's desire that a concrete covered way be built to replace the old wooden causeway connecting the main Island with Islands Nos. I and 2 upon which the hospitals are situated. The present structure is a menace and should be replaced.

The transformation of Ellis Island is possible; in its place may develop a powerful agent of human welfare that shall interpret the heart of America to wanderers in search of a better life.

of Life in

BY SADHU SUNDAR SINGH, SIMLA, INDIA I N 1921, there broke out a jungle fire in the Himalayas. While most of the people around were busy in putting it out, I noticed several men standing and looking fixedly into a tree. "What are you looking aU" I asked. They, in reply, pointed to a nest full of young birds on the tree whose branches were already burning.

Above it, a bird was flying wildly about in great distress. They said, " We wish we could save that nest but we cannot go near because of the blazing fire." A few minutes later the nest caught fire and I thought, "Now the mother-bird will flyaway." Instead, to my great astonishment, I saw her fly down and spread her wings over the young ones. In a few minutes, the poor bird was burnt to ashes along with her YOlmgsters. I had never seen anything like it before .

and said to those standing near, "Are we not astonished at this wonderful love ? Think how much more wonderful must be the love of Him who has created such an unselfish love in His creatures.

The same infinite and unselfish love brought Jesus Christ down RECENT PORTRAJT OF SADHU from heaven into this world to be- SUNDAR SINGH come man that, by giving His own life, He might save us who ~ere dying in our sins."

Life is in the blood, and by shedding His blood Christ gives life to us. As serum is'not infrequently injected for the cure of disease, so by His blood Christ saves us from sin's deadly disease and from death.

The whole universe is a body. Every limb is connected with the body. If there is pain in one part the whole body feels it. If serum is injected into any particular part the whole body feels the effect. Though Christ was crucified in Jerusalem-a small spot on this earth -the whole universe feels the effect of His death, and the whole world will continue to participate forever in the benefit of His vicarious sacrifice.

In 1922, when traveling in Palestine with a friend, I was greatly 31

refreshed by drinking the sweet and soothing water of a famous well.

An hour or two later I was again thirsty, and those words of our Lord came forcibly to my mind: "Whosoever drinketh of this water shall thirst again; but whosoever ddnketh of the water that I shall give him shall never thirst; but the water that I shall give him shall be in him a well of water !springing up into everlasting life." , (John 3: 13, 14.) I had just drunk of a well that men had dug and was again thirsty. In all humility and thankfulness I can say that during the two decades since I gave my heart to Christ and drank of that water which He gave me, I have never been thirsty because He is; indeed'

the Fountain of Life. . ., Once on a journey in the hills ·of India, I sat down to rest on a.

liock. Below the rock was a bush in which was a nest from which came the cry of the young birds. The 'mother-bird had come with ~ood and as soon as they heard the rustling of her wings they began: to cry out. When the mother had given them food and had flown l:j.way, they ,were quiet again. I examined the nest and found, to my surprise, that they were not old enough to have their eyes open, yet without seeing their .mother they opened their mouths at her ap- proach. They did not say: "Until we shall see our mother or our food, we will not open our mouths, for we do not know if it is our mother or an enemy; or whether she brings food or poison." If they had acted on this principle they would certainly have had no opportunity to eat and to see, for before their eyes were opened they would have died of hunger. They did not doubt their mother's love, but took on faith what she brought. After a few days, when their eyes were open, they were happy in seeing their dear mother and, growing stronger and stronger in her likeness before long, were able to flyaway in the upper air. Are not men, the highest of God's crea- tures, often inferior to these insignificant nestlings, for often we have had doubts about the existence and love of our Heavenly Father. Jesus said, "Blessed are they that have not seen, and yet have believed." (John 20: 29.) Many who never see their own defects and shortcomings are forever looking for faults in others. The eye that sees all external objects sees neither itself nor its defects. Only when we look into a glass does the eye see itself and its defects. By looking into the mirror of God'l Word, and by living in fellowship with the Word made flesh, we can truly know ourselves. Not only will He SllOW us our sin, but He will reveal Himself to us in healing and saving power.; If we turn to Him in obedience and, continuing in prayer, live in His holy fellowship, He will take away our defects and transform us into His glorious image for all eternity. Thus we will share with Him His glory. (John 14:26; 17:24.) , Once in the hills, I saw an ant running about looking for food.

IUound a seed which it touched and at Olic,e went off again. Tthought

PARABLES OF LIFE IN CHRIST

that the seed was bad. But no! soon the ant returned with a number of companions. It had no thought of keeping the food to itself but wished them to share in it. Selfish men may learn a lesson from the ant. Those who have received spiritual blessings from living with God should take His word to those who have not heard of Him, that they also may receive the fellowship and blessings of God with eternal joy.

Until a lump of salt is dissolved it cannot salt a single grain of pulse, and till the sun's heat has melted the snow of the mountains, it cannot flow down and irrigate the sun-dried and thirsty plain. Until the snow is melted it cannot be drawn as water vapor to form clouds from which it can come down as rain to make the parched and thirsty. land green and fruitful. If we are not melted by the rays of the Sun of Righteousness and by the fire of the Holy Spirit, we can neither quench the thirst of any famished soul nor bring him to the Fountain of Life, where he will be satisfied and alive for ever.

May God give us grace to live Christ so that we may be instrumental in bringing others to our Saviour.

Reaching the Moslems in Africa D R. SAMUEL M. ZWm'lfER is busy in Egypt giving lectures . to those preparing to work for Moslems, preaching on week . days and on Sundays at Cairo, Alexandria, Assiut, Ismalia, Benha, Menuf and Old Cairo; giving addresses to audiences of four or five hundred young men at the Y. M. C. A.; and attending committees. Recently he again visited the great Mohammedan University (AI Azhar) and distributed over one hundred and fifty copies of Matthew's Gospel and a dozen Bibles and Testaments. He writes: "I have never before witnessed such accessibility and responsiveness among these students. Weare facing a new day in Egypt. Politically things are in a dreadful tangle" but religiously there is much less opposition or antagonism. The literature of the Nile Mission Press finds eager. purchasers and our circulation is far larger than any year before." In South Africa, on his recent visit, he found that the Moslem menace is real and the problem needs to be laid on the heart of the churches.

In Egypt there is strict government censorship of the press, especially to stop seditious publications. Five copies of every new book must be submitted to the examiners at the Press Bureau. Every press must also submit architect's plans of its works, the excuse being "danger from electricity"; the real reason is that the license to print may be revoked as soon as the Government (or AI-Azhar) is offended. "It therefore," he says, "behooves all to be careful."

3

Gandhi's Address to Missionaries '"

Parts of an address delivered at the CalCi~tta Christian Missionar?JI Conference, July 28, .1925 M y association with Christians-not Christians so called, but real Christians-dates from 1889, or even 1888, when as a lad I found myself in London. That association has grown riper as years have rolled on. In South Africa, where I found my- self in the midst of inhospitable surroundings, I was able to make hundreds of Christian friends, some of them intimate friends. I came in touch with the Director of the South African G.eneral Mis- sion, the late Mr. Spencer Walton, and we had many a conversation on matters of common interest. I came in touch with that great divine, M:t:. Meyer of South Africa, and I attended one of the con· ventions that took place at Wellington.

There was a time even in my life when very sincere and intimate friends of mine, one of them a great and good Quaker, had designs upon me. He thought that I was too good not to become a Christian. .I was sorry to have disappointed him, but I know that he never left off praying for me. I daresay that even now he is praying for me as I know one missionary in South Africa does, because almost every six months he writes to me and asks "How is it with you ~" If it was prayer that they expected me to make, I was able to tell them that every day a heart-felt prayer within the closed doors of my closet went to the Almighty to show me the light and give me the wisdom and courage to follow that light.

In answer to a promise made to one of these earnest Christian friends of mine in 1905, I sought out one of the biggest of Indian Christians-the late Kali Churn Banerjea. I went to him with my mind absolutely open in a receptive mood and I met him also under circumstances which were most effective. I found that there was much in common between Kali Churn Banerjea and myself. His utmost simplicity, his innate humility, his courage, his truthfulness, all these things as a child I had admired and he met me when his wife was on her death-bed. I told Mr. Banerjea, "I have come to you as a seeker, and I have come to you in fulfilment of a sacred promise I have made to some of my dearest Christian friends that I would leave no stone unturned to find the true light." I came away not sorry, not dejected, not disappointed, but in one way I was sorry that that was my last chance. He did not convince me, hel talked to me about the Vedas, he was a learned man, he was saturated with Hindu Law.

–;-a;p()rted in The CMiatian Patriot, India. August 22. 1925.

34 I do not profess Christianity today-and I am here to tell you in all humility that for me Hinduism, as I find it, entirely satisfies my soul, fills my whole being and I find a solace in the Bhagavad- Gita, in the Upanishads, that I miss even in the Sermon on the Mount. Not that I do not prize it as dearly as life itself, not that some of the precious teachings in the Sermon on the Mount have not left a deep impression upon me, but I must confess .to you that when doubt haunts me, when disappointment stares me in the face and all alone I see not one ray of light, I go back to the Bhagavad- Gita. I find a verse here and a verse there and I immediately begin to smile in the midst of overwhelming sorrow, in the midst of overwhelming tragedies-and my life has been full of external tragedies -and if they have left no visible or no indelible scar upon me, I owe it all to the teachings of the Bhagavad-Gita. I have told you this in order to make absolntely clear to you where I stand so that you may have, if you will, a closer hand-grip with me: that here is a man who has approached Christianity with prayerfulness, with all the humility that he was capable of showing and expressing, with all the truth that he could command and with fear of none but God.

I came to another conclusion in my search. Having been a student, I did not stop at studying the Bible and all the commentaries that these great friends of mine had placed in my hands. I said to myself if I was to find satisfaction through reason, I must study the Scriptures of other religions and I pored over the pages of the Koran, I devoured what I could of Zenda Avesta, I tried to understand what I could of Judaism as distinguished from Christianity, and I came to the conclusion that all religions were right, but every one of them was imperfect-imperfect naturally and necessarily so, because those religions, we, with our poor intellects sometimes with poorer hearts, interpret, most often mis-interpret. It was a matter of deep grief to me to see those commentaries, everyone of them, giving me a different interpretation of the same verse. Not that it is a peculiarity wIth Christianity, I know the same thing with reference to the Vedas. I pored over the commentaries of the Zenda Avesta, of the Vedas or the Upanishads, and I found the same bewildering differences, and I said to myself, ' , Not this thing for me. If I want to seek God in this way to the satisfaction of my soul or the intellect I shall fail, but I must wait constantly upon God asking him to guide me." There is a beautiful verse which we sing every day at our little Ashram at Sabarmati, which says, "God helps only when man feels utterly helpless and utterly humble." When I was studying Tamil, I found in that inestimable work by Dr. Pope, a Tamil proverb, which I remember; it simply means this-that God is the help of the helpless. Now, I have given you this story of my own experiences for you to ponder over.

You, the missionaries, come to India thinking that you come to a

land of heathen, of idolaters, of men who do not know the true meaning of religion. One of the greatest of Christian divines, Bishop Heber, allowed himself to write two lines, which have always left a sting upon me, "Where every prospect pleases and only man is vile." I wish he had not written those lines. From my experience of the masses of India-I have gone from one end of India to the other without any prejudice, without any prepossession, in a relentless search after Truth and nothing but the Truth. I have not been able to say that here, in this fair land-watered by the great Ganges, Brahmaputra and Jamuna, man is vile. He is not vile, he is just as much a seeker after God as you and I are, possibly more so. It reminds me of a French book that a French friend placed in my hands and translated. It was an allegory, but there the writer pictures to himself an expedition in search of Truth. The members of the party go out in all parts of the world, and the one who lands in India says that throughout all his wanderings, he found Truth personified,> humility personified, God Himself in a little pariah hut. There are many such huts belonging to the untouchables where you will certainly see God and find Him also; the pariah has every reason, if there is any man who has reason, td deny God, but he persists in affirming that there is God. No matter what man does, he will depend upon God for assistance and finds his assistance also. There are stories told throughout the length and breadth of these noble untouchables. Vile as some of them are, there are the noblest specimens of humanity in their midst.

But does my experience exhaust itself with merely the untouchables' By no means. I am here to testify to you, a non-Brahmin, that there are Brahmins in India who are as fine specimens of humanity as you may find in any place of the earth. There are Brahmins today in India who are embodiments of self-sacrifice, who are embodiments of godliness, who are humility personified. There are Brahmins who are devoting themselves, life and soul, to the service of the untouchables, without expectation of any reward! from the untouchables and with execrations from orthodox Brahmins. They do not care, because they know that in serving the pariah they are serving the God who is made manifest in the Vedas. I place this fact, this truth, before you in all humility for the simple reason that you may know this land better, which you are here to serve as its servants, as its friends.

You are here to find out the distress of the people of India and the reason of that distress, but I hope you are here also in a receptive mood. If there is anything that India has to give, you will not stop your ears, you will not close your eyes, you will not steel your heart, but you will open your ears, open your eyes and most of all open your heart, to receive all that may be given in the land. I give you my assurance that there is a great deal of good in it.

MAHATMA GANDID'S ADDRESS TO MISSIONARIES

I therefore ask you to approach the problem that you have undertaken with a new sense of openheartedness, receptiveness and humility. If you have prepossessed notions, so that you will refuse t.o see the other side, if you will refuse to understand what the Indian is thinking, you will deny yourselves the real privilege of service. I have told so many of my missionary friends "Noble as you are, you have isolated yourselves from the people whom you want to serve." Not so St. Francis Xavier. At the Language School in Darjeeling, Lord Salisbury was waited upon by a deputation of missionaries. That deputation wanted protection in connection with China. Lord Salisbury said to them: "Gentlemen, if you want to go to China and take the Message of Christ, then do not ask for the assistance of temporal power. Go with your lives in your hands and if the people of China want to kill you, think that you have been killed in the service of God."

Christian missionaries, who come today to India come under the the shadow, or protection of a temporal power: and it creates an impassable 'bar. Statistics show that so many orphans have been reclaimed and have been brought to Christianity, so many grown-up people do not represent your Mission. You will have to go to the lowly cottages not to give them something, may be probably to take something. I miss that receptiveness, I miss that humility, I miss that willingness on your part to identify yourselves with the masses of India.

If anything that I have spoken has given you pain, know then it has not been said in order to cause you pain, it has not been said in order to criticize you, but as a friend to a friend I have exercised that privilege. May God bless you all.

At the close of Mr. Gandhi's address an opportunity was given for questions, and many were asked by missionaries, Indian teachers, students, and Indian Christians. One of the important questions from a missionary was in regard to "receptivity" on the part of Christian missionaries. The question was asked of Mr. Gandhi: "How do you feel, not only about the Christ of history, the Christ of Judea, but about the living Christ, the Christ of the Resurrection' ' , Mr. Gandhi replied: "H I understand correctly my friend's very sincere question, he wants to know whether I feel within me the presence of the living Christ. H the living Christ is the same as the historical Christ, then I must confess that I do not feel that presence. H' Christ' is a convertible term with' God, ' the living God, not a God who lives somewhere in the clouds or in the Himalayas, but God who lives nearer to me that anyone of you, nearer to me than my hands and feet, if that is your meaning of Christ, then I say that both Christ and Krishna of the Bhagavad-Gita live in me, because to me they are convertible terms. I do not talk now of the historical Krishna, but I talk of the seer, the one who is supposed to have given the Gita. And yet I do not even mean the one who is supposed to have given the Gita. What I mean is something which is indefinable, which is inexpressible. H, then, you will allow me to interpret the living Christ as that indefinable Essence,

I believe in that Christ. If I did not realize the presence of that living, speaking God in me, I should become a raving maniac, and the waters of the Hughli would be my destination. Such is the pessimism that would possess my soul, as I analyze the conditions that confront me throughout the world. Only the Presence, the realization of that Presence, enables me to keep body and soul together, and, in spite of all that disturbs me from outside, I enjoy in an abundant measure an inexpressible peace."

Dr. George Howells, the President of Serampore College, Calcutta, and chairman of the meeting, said in his concluding remarks: "I most heartily thank the Mahatma for his very straight talk to us. There is much in his speech which is convincing-and there is a great deal which has not convinced me in the least! He has revealed, if I may say so, an abysmal ignorance in regard to what is going on among Christian thinkers regarding the relations of Christianity with Hinduism and other religions. The idea that Christians in general think of other religions as satanic, is ~omething totally out-of-date. If Mr. Gandhi knows anything of missionary activities in recent years, he must recognize that it has been the Christian missionary, more than any other, who has revealed to the world the richness of India's spiritual heritage. I need only mention, in illustration, the 'Heritage of India Series' published by the Y. M. C. A. Indians themselves can show nothing comparable to what the Christian missionaries have done in revealing to India herself, and to the Western world, the great heritage of the Hindus and of India. I think, that in this respect, the Mahatma has done us less than justice.

"There is one other thing, perhaps, which I may mention. I do not think Mr. Gandhi has realized the heart of the Christian message, and per- haps we ourselves are to blame for that. We have not, as Christians sufficiently revealed to the people of India, what has come home to ourselves with telling force, that Christianity is Christ, that our religion is nothing except, in so far as men see in it, Christ. It is not a creed, not a commentary on Christianity, not a philosophy, but a living, abiding reality, going where we go. It means living in the spirit of Jesus among men, serving as He served men. With all that I have learned of Eastern philosophy and Eastern thought, Jesus remains a figure incomparable, unlike auything that India or any other country has produced. I say that we have failed to bring home as a reality to the people of India, as a reality even to the Mahatma himself, that our Christianity is not merely a creed, but a life lived by faith in the Incarnate God Himself as revealed in Christ.

"Now if we have a messagc, if the Mahatma is to have a message for India, I think it is there. We must be consistent Christians before we can bring home to people of India, to the Mahatma himself, what our religion stands for. And further, I think from what I know of India, that the philosophy of the 'Gita '-much though it may have attraction-and even the great but shadowy personality of Krishna as set forth in the 'Gita,' as a Hindu once told me, will never win and bring to manhood the masses of India. Your Eastern philosophy, even the 'Gita' itself, is without hope for the masses. However much it may appeal to a man like the Mahatma, to the cultivated, philosophic-minded Hindu, I believe that we have a message in the Christian revelation-the concrete personality of God in Christ, the supreme revelation of the divine Fatherly heart-that alone will bring to life and to manhood the millions of India, millions who find nothing in the 'Vedas,' nothing in the 'Gita' itself or in Hindu philosophy. But we know from experience that in living contact with Christ, and in appropriation of Him, they can find their life eternaL"

A Banker's Verdict on Christian

F W. STEVENS is a prominent American business man in the Orient whose headquarters were in Peking while he repre- • sented international banking interests negotiating for the Consortium loan authorized at the Paris Peace Conference. He had time to study China, with unique opportunities to see the inside, and to study conditions with the eyes and mind of a hard-headed American banker.

When Mr. Stevens addressed the faculty and students, of the Peking Union Medical College all Peking took notice and the Peking Express carried a report of it in full. Having evidently been stirred up by anti-religious agitation the speaker devoted his attention to religion as a factor in the development of China, and rendered a clear-cut tribute to the work of the Christian missions.

"I do not speak as a religious man, only as an American business man who has become deeply interested in China. My remarks will be the first 1 have ever made upon a religious subject," said Mr. Stevens.

After discussing the place of religion in the life of any nation~ Mr. Stevens turned to Christian missions and said: "Now and then 1 hear reputable foreigners in China-I am not now speaking of the excessively intellectual class-express the opin. ion that the Christian missions are not helping China. The Christian missionaries have long been about this, I am told, but have allowed the statements to go largely unnoticed. Perhaps it is time that something be said by laymen on the subject.

"These remarks are made by people not particularly interested in nor familiar with mission work. They have not investigated and they draw conclusions from misinformation. ·When I hear a man express such an opinion, I want to be a lawyer again and have the privilege of asking him questions. 1 want to ask him: "What do you really know about the work of the Christian missions in China?

"How many of their twenty-four Y. M. C. A. city centers or their twelve Y. W. C. 4-. centers and eighty student associations, how many of their many schools, academies, colleges and universities, workshops and hospitals, churches and Sunday-schools and other places of activity have you investigated or even visited?

"With how many Christian missionaries themselves have you talked seriously about their work Y Or with how many Chinese who know about such activities 1 "Have you read any issue of the China Mission Year Book that tells about them!

"Do you know what is being done in the cities of China through homes for boys and homes for girls, and otherwise, by the Salvation .Army, a great and worthy Christian missionary organization'

39

"Do you know of anything more repulsive than Chinese beggar women and do you know that it is educated, genteel Christian missionary women who are little by little getting them and their children off the streets, cleaning them and getting them into self-supporting condition?

"Do you know that about 80 per cent of the Chinese people are farmers; with about 50,000,000 farm holding; that they are backward in methods; that their position in respect to adequate food supply and articles to be sold in foreign markets is threatened; that about 85 per cent of China's exports are products of the soil; and that Christian mission institutions are doing nearly all that is being done at all for their economic as well as their spiritual and social welfare.

"Do you know a single thing about the importance of agriculture in the yearly program of the missionary organizations-about soil fertility, plant diseases, seed selection, animal husbandry, as they relate to Christian missionary efforts in China T Do you know of the misAionary work in sanitation and health promotion, or in helping to rid China of the awful narcotic curse'

"Do you know that there are about 236,000 Chinese children in missionary day schools, not counting the 190,000 in ihe Roman Catholic schools, and that most of them would have no schooling but for the missionary schools'

"Do you know that the Chinese modern system of education in China began with the work of the Chinese mission teachers, and that modern medicine was mediated to China by the Christian medical missionaries Y "Do you know that China was devoid of anything resembling modern hospitals and trained nurses until they resulted from missionary effort; and that now there are over 300 mission hospitals in China, nearly 100 of which are conducted on approximately ~odern standards with up-to-date equipment and nursing; and that there are few cities in China having even one such Chinese hospital which is of non-missionary origin 7 "Do you know that although leprosy has existed in China from time immemorial and there are now estimated to be 400,000 in China, the first leper hospital or asylum was established by a missionary society ~ "Do you know that there was never in China a hospital. or asylum for the insane until one was provided by missionaries'

"Do you know the missionary type' Do you know with what respect and confidence the people within the range of the missions have come to regard the missionaries; and that they are advisers and friends to the whole community in all kinds of troublef "Have you some better way than. the one followed by the Christian missionaries for implanting into the minds of the Chinese masses ideas of right living that will help uplift China'

, 'Do you know of a single organized activity in China, on a scale of importance, that aims at moral improvement or that is calculated to bring it about, and that is not traceable in its origin to the Christian missions f "Careless talkers with little or no learning about Christian mis- sion work in China, go home, and, wishing to seem wise on all things pertaining to China, express their opinions about the ineffective- ness of the Christian missions. It is a common mistake in foreign lands to regard all former residents of China as oracles upon all matters pertaining to China and the Chinese; while in fact there are hundreds of foreigners in China who are as ignorant of the real facts about Christian missions in China as if they had never come to China." ,..

• From The ChriBtia-n Advooate.

"LITTLE MOTHERS" WITH THEIR SMALL

Life of Women and Children in North Siam BY HAZEL E. HANNA, SAN ANSELMO, CALIFORNIA Missionary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions " And Jesus answered and said, 'Verily I say unto you, There is no man that hath left house, or brethren, or sisters, or father, or mother, or wife, or children, or lands, for my sake, and the gospel's, but he shall receive an hundred-fold now in this time, houses, and brethren, and sisters, and mothers, and children, and lands, with persecution; and in the world to come eternal life. ' "

This sounds like a 10,000% investment. Starting to Siam twelve years ago I did not go in a mercenary spirit. I did not take this promise, at least the part concerning this world, at all seriously. But as the years passed and I began to count my increasing wealth, and rejoice over it, I found that it was being fulfilled literally. It is about my hundred mothers, my two hundred grandmothers, and my several hundred children that I wish to write ; also of some of the many thousands whom I still long to possess in the close fellowship of the family of Jesus Christ.

Daily contact with the women and children of the Lao, or Northern Siamese, shows that each woman or child is an individual even as one's mother or sister is distinct, and that each one is just as important to Christ as any other woman or child. It is only people whom we do not know intimately that we describe in general terms.

There are, however, certain groupings and classifications which we may make. In Siam, as through all the world, there are the two great divisions-the saved and the unsaved; those who may be our friends in this life only, and those others who are bound to us by ties 41

that eternity itself shall not sever. There are also the city women, and the country women; the rich and the poor. To the new-comer they all look alike, but after a few months of daily contact one learns to distinguish the faces of friends, and to discern the points of Oriental beauty. There are even those who attract us because of their resemblance to some far-away friend in America.

Within,rts own borders Siam is known as "Muang Tai" or "Land of the Free. " ' The freedom does not extend to the men only. Woman holds a position to be envied by the women of any other non-Christian land. Though she does not receive the respect and religious equality that is enjoyed by women of Christian lands, still she is neither shut away in a harem nor compelled to veil her face in public; nor is she the 'slave of her husband. She has liberty to come and go. A man evangelist may teach her, or a man doctor may care for her in illness. She holds the faimly purse and may buy and sell, make contracts, and own land.

When a tiny brown baby girl is born in the little bamboo house in the jungle village or in the rambling tropical city, she is just as welcome as if she were a boy. There is an economic reason back of this. When a girl marries she does not go to the house of her husband's people. The husband comes to live for at least a year with the family of his bride. He gives gifts, and helps to support the family. The man with several marriageable daughters is quite to be envied, for even after the bride and groom have gone to a little bamboo home of their own they will continue to help her parents. So the baby girl is welcome and her father carries her about the street as proudly as if she Were a son.

In a good family, a girl's training in the social graces begins very early. Long before she can walk she is taught to make a proper bow. As soon as she sits up well she is taught to arrange her chubby feet properly so that the soles of her feet are not indecently exposed. Her fingers, arms and legs are frequently stretched so that she will become graceful and supple, even to the point of double jointedness. After her daily bath she is covered with dots of powder, sometimes white, sometimes yellow. A tiny pair of anklets, a wee bracelet, and sometimes a necklace and other jewelry, are put on her as soon as she can walk. Her grandmother ties a spirit string around each wrist, and a charm about her neck, to keep her little spirit from leaving her, or another spirit from entering. This is the business of grandmothers. But she is very little troubled with clothing until she is four or five years old. Her hair is done up in a smooth tight top-knot, which her mother does over dozens of times each day.

When a little girl reaches the age when her mother thinks clothes would be becoming, a tiny short bodice is made for her, of gay foreign material or, if she lives far from a city, of coarse white homespun cotton. The sewing is done very crudely with a coarse rusty needle.

LIFE OF WOMEN AND CIllLDREN IN. NOR'l'R SIAM

In the absence of scissors a sharp Imife is used to cut out the pattern; when it is finished (except the sewing on of the buttons), it is dipped into the indigo pots of the village dye woman, and comes out a lovely dark blue. Perhaps the buttons are sewed on, and perhaps they are not, so that the little bodice gaps widely down the front. On the crude heavy loom under the house the mother weaves a little skirt with many bright stripes in it. It is a straight piece with the ends sewed together and the stripes running around. The extra width is folded across the abdomen, and knotted. Little girls spend a great deal of time readjusting these knots. Perhaps that is the reason that one-piece American dresses and rompers are becoming popular ill the cities. The costume for a woman is the same from babyhood to old age, though there is endless variety in the color combinations and the cut·and trimmings of the bodice.

The Lao woman is usually quite clean. She bathes every day, either in a stream or pouring the water over herself with a cocoanut-shell dipper. A skirt is worn during the bath, it being an outdoor sport, and a fresh one pui on afterward. Soap and towels are considered a great luxury, and are almost unheard of except in cities. The Lao girl blackens her teeth with pitch from a certain WHERE WOMEN ACQt1lRED 1'HE HABIT tree, shining ebony being pre- ferred to gleaming iv.ory. The constant use of tobacco and hetel nut make teeth very dark brown, for a picture of a Lao woman is not complete without a cigarette or a large mouthful of betel or pickled tea leaf. These filthy hahits often begin before the child is weaned.

She stops nursing occasionally to receive a puff from her mother's cigarette. .

Housework in North Siam is not burdensome, and has the advantage of being done mostly in the open air. The house is ordinarily a square structure of bamboo, built up on posts, and reached by a ladder. The roof is of thatch or leaf. 'L'here is a sleeping room; a large, partly covered veranda, and a small lean-to kitchen. The :tire is made on a box of earth, and the smoke finds its way out through the roof. One or two curry pots and a wooden rice steamer, a knife, a large brass spoon, and perhaps a few bowls comprise th,e , ki~ch~D,

utensils. The water pots are kept in a shaded rock nook on the veranda and are filled several times a day. Buckets are hung from the ends of a flexible bamboo pole, which is carried on the shoulder. The women are very skillful in carrying water up the rickety ladder without spilling it. All burdens are carried in this way, and very graceful, erect carriage is the result. The rice, which is of a different variety from that used in America, is soaked over night, steamed in the morning, and put away in covered baskets to be used as the principle article of diet through the day. A few vegetables, partly cooked, some tiny dried fish or roasted frogs, or perhaps only a sauce made of red peppers, is eaten with the rice. In the cities where there is a better market, the people have a much greater variety of food, and a great deal of imported canned goods is being used. One of the problems of the missionary is to teach the Christian people to raise more fruit and vegetables, and to cook them properly. At meal time the family gathers together, sitting on the floor, about the curry pot or bowl. Each one takes a handful of rice from the basket and rolls up a large mouthful into a hard gluey ball. This is dipped into the curry or pepper water, and put into the mouth and is very slightly chewed. The meal is soon over and the two or three utensils washed in cold water and left to dry of themselves. Betel nut, pickled tea leaves, or cigarettes, taken at frequent intervals during the day try to make up for the deficiencies in diet, and their vicious effects are seen in the weak bodies, hearts, and nerves of the people.

Each member of the family sleeps on a small cotton mattress and a very hard pillow. Mosquito nets are suspended over these, for the mosquitoes are very numerous and malaria is a constant visitor. After breakfast the nets are pulled up, the mats and mattresses straightened and the few blankets folded. A quick brush with a soft grass broom scatters the dirt down the numerous cracks that are indispensable in Lao housekeeping. In cases where the family is sufficiently well to do to have a floor of real boards, a square is cut in one board; which may be lifted up to sweep the dirt down, and to use as a spittoon. When a green girl from the village comes to take service with the missionary it is a very serious problem-what to do with the sweepings. I have seen one sweep it all to one side of a room, then finding no crack to sweep it down, sweep it back across two rooms and a veranda, and over the edge. Especially in the city, where the people come in more constant contact with the missionary, the houses are better built, and the whole plan of living is on a much higher scale. But there are still the thousands of villages where life goes on much the same as it did centuries ago, and where the Gospel of Jesus Christ is still unknown.

After the indoor work is done there is the rice to be beaten out for the next day's food. The unhulled rice is put into a hollowed-out stump, over which a heavy weight is raised and lowered by the wom-

LIFE OF WOMEN Al'J) CHILDREN IN NORTH SIAM

an, who jumps up and down on the end of a long lever till the hulls are loosened. She then tosses the rice from a tray-like basket in skillful manner so that the chaff flies away.

Then there is the little garden to be tended, and the cotton to be prepared and woven. When she has a little leisure, there is nothing more enjoyable than a fishing trip to some mud hole or stream. When the river rises the women have fishing parties, about twenty women each with a hand net, forming a line across the stream, and fishing up the river. Going to market is another joy for the love of a bargain seems to be deep in the heart of every woman. She will walk many miles to trade a small basketful of peppers, salt, red ant eggs, greens, waLer jars, or rice.

The care of little children demands a large part of the mother's time. A very young child sleeps in the mother's arms, and day or night, whenever he cries, he is fed. After six weeks the mother or some other person chews up rice and bananas and puts them in the infant's mouth.

As he begins to creep he demands constant watching lest he fall from the veranda, and much of the mother's work is done with a baby on her hip. The older chil- dren are set to watch the younger and it is very difficult to keep little ; CHRISTIAN GIRLS IN NORTH SIAM girls in school. Even after it walks a little child is constantly guarded from snakes, scorpions, ,stinging ants, mosquitoes, and mad dogs. The mothers try to make 'up for thiJir ignorance by their affection, and the children are fre- quently badly spoiled..

. Should a woman die in childbirth, there is very slight chance for the child 'g surviving long. Everyone fears to take the helpless in- fant for iear the spirit of the mother should be jealous and work evil. The body of the mother is taken from the, house through a hole cut in the floor for that purpose; the hole is at once securely closed so that when the spirit comes back it cannot ;fiild ;tJie. way in. The husband runs to the nearest temple and dons the yellow robes of priesthood for a season, so .•1!hat the spirit of his wife willilot recogni~e him and lead him away.to the spirit world. . v Ttook care of one child for eleven months, because the mother had died and, as my nurse-maid said, "He is such a nice fat baby it is a

shame to let him die." He ·was sixteen hours old when I took him, and he had already had a very cold bath and a meal of rice. He soon learned to prefer milk, and to wear the left-over clothing of my own three babies. "¥hen I saw him last he was a healthy two-year-old ohild, adopted by a fine Christian family. We hope that some day, through him, we may gain his father and his five brothers and sisters for Christ.

As the non-Christian woman grows older, there seems to be a hardening and darkening of the face. She grows more regular in her temple attendance, in her' gifts to the priests, and in her offerings to the spirits. She looks forward to the time coming when she must go out into the great dark pl~ce of wandering souls, and when her children will make regular offerings to feed her spirit after she has gone. Stubbornly she clings to the traditions of her ancestors and the merit she has been laying up for herself all her life. Her ears are open to the teaching of the Gospel, but her heart is so full of the rags of her 0Wll. righteousness that there is no room for the shining robes that Chtist offers her.

How vastly different are the old women of our Christian community! Their faces shiue with the light of love, and their minds are alert to learn new truths out of the "Vord of God. Even in old age many have been persuaded to begin to learn to read. They, too, are regular intelllple service, but it is the temple of the Living God. To these ""omen death comes as a welcome home going and a reunion with loved ·ones· gone on before. God grant that the day may soon come when niany more of these dear brown sisters of ours in Siam may know tlie joy of the Lord.

MBTHODS

iii 4 =¥ SA WS EDITED BY MRS. E. C. CRONK, 721 MUHLENBURG BLDO., PHILADELPHIA, PA.

OBJECTS AND METHODS FOR Objects for specific missionary giv- SPECIFIC GIFTS ing are of three general types. Things, By REv. GEORGE H. TaULL as already described, persons, and Secretary for Specific Work, Board of localized activities. A missionary, Foreign Missions of the Presby- home or foreign, goes out from a cer- terian Church in the U. S. A. tain church. He is Missionary Spirit Would you rather give your money and Consecration personified. He is toward an outfit for Willie Jones, or real, personal, concrete flesh and bone.

for a hat, suit, shoes, and overcoat, Supporters can visualize him long which comprise the outfit required- after he has departed for his field.

said Willie Jones being your son and Every letter from him refreshes their heid W ouIa you prefer to give to a memories with his buoyant person- general Christmas fund, or provide ality. They can see him move among one hundred boxes of candy for a par- his patients in the hospital ward, and ticular mission school Y Some people are quickened as they read of his trip are prepared to give a total sum for thirty miles on mule back through the equipment of a hospital requiring tropical forest at night to see an $1,000 or $5,000 and not bother with urgent ease, losing the trail in the details. Others, however, do not re- darkness and returning to his station act to "equipment," but enthuse over to find scores of sick and needy wait- a sterilizer $300, microscope $125, ing for him.

operating table $100, autoclave $100, The individual native worker, or the incubator $25, and forward the particular pupil in the foreign field, money. should not he assigned for support by Most people respond to stimuli American donors. Long experience in which produce a rich association of attempting such connections by the ideas. "Fatehgarh, Industrial School Foreign Mission Boards has proved it Equipment," to most minds connotes impracticable, unwise, prejudicial to little and carries no challenge; where- the best interests of the beneficiaries, as "Ponte Nova, farm machinery- and administratively impossible on plow, disc harrow, corn planter, cul- any large scale. The alternative is tivator, wagon, ensilage cutter," may application of money, equivalent to paint a picture of definite needs that the approximate support of such an is associated with the experience of individual, to a particular mission boyhood days on the farm, and create station in which are located pupils or a sympathetic emotion and the deter- native workers of the type that enlist mination to provide one of the imple- the interest of the American donor.

ments needed. Or gifts to a scholarship fund in a Girl power washing clothes in the particular mission or station, or sup- cold water of a river far removed port of localized evangelistic, educa- from the school buildings at Castro, tional or medical work, are possibili- Brazil, is an argument for a pipe line ties. Even better is it to designate and plumbing which can be under- gifts to a mission station, which offers stood by any person using modern the donor opportunity to support not necessities for wash day in Columbus, merely a particular bit of mission Ohio. work, but the big challenging, com- 47

prehensive task in all its varied ac- In missions just as in many other tivity at one definite center. forms of philanthropic and benevolent work, penple who contribute like to GIFTS FOR SPEVIFIV PURPOSES know what their money is doing. A A. E. CHENOWETH person who supports a preacher or teacher 0,1' student thinks nf his rep- Secretary, Department of Designated In· resentative on the nther side of the come, Board of Foreign Missions of world as wo.rking for Christ while the the Methodist Episcopal Church Gifts for specific purposes are called giver sleeps. He prays for his repby various names by the several resentative. Often he sends extra per- Boards, such as Special Gifts, Desig- sonal gifts to provide bnoks or clothnated Gifts, Station Plan, Parish ing. He receives pictures and letters. Abroad Plan, Share Plan, etc- But He becomes interested in the mission in each case the plan consists in the country and people, and reads literaapplication nf specific amnunts con- ture about that country and its people. tributed by individuals, churches, or The person supported also becomes inorganizations in churches, to, specific terested in the country and people purpnses in the foreign field. from which his support is coming.

Special Gifts, Designated Gifts, 0,1' There is, therefore, a process of eduby whatever name they are called, are catinn and development of sympathy gifts to be used for specific items lIS a and interest 'which affects both giver preacher, teacher, nurse, student, etc. ; and receiver.

or fnr definite property needs, as a There should not be any attempt to church nr chapel, a schnol, a dispen- obtain gifts for specific purposes. from sary, a residence fnr a missionary or reluctant donors by an over·emphasis a natinnal worker, 0,1' for equipment of some urgent emotional appeal. lor church, school, hnspital or other There must be a genuine desire on the bUilding. This type nf giving is at- part of the donor to help meet a real tractive to individuals. need. Do not make appeals but tell Gifts on the Parish Abrnad Plan, the story of the needs, and the oppor· tunities for investing some of the the Statinn Plan, the Share Plan, ek, are more nften made by churches, 0,1' Lord's money in ways that will result classes 0,1' organizatinns within a in bringing more abundant life– church to, whnm are assigned shares of physical, mental, and spiritual-to $25, $50, $100, or mnre, in the regular people who thrnugh no fault of their running expenses of a statinn, schnnl, own have been born into, unfavorable hospital 0,1' other unit of wnrk. On cnnditions. The need and the oppnrthe part of the church the regular giv- tunity will make their own appeal. ing, or a part of the giving, may be Usually when followers of Christ see cnnnected with the regular expenses and realize the need they are eager to respond with their gifts. nf the unit nf wnrk nn the field.

From the standpnint nf the Board Memorial buildings offer a very at- 0,1' organization administering the tractive proposition to those who work it would probably be more de- want to, do something inmemory of a sirable if funds were provided in suf- loved nne and at the same time help ficient amnunt to, care fnr the needs in making brighter and better the without specific designation of indi- lives nf less fortunate people in mis- vidual contributions. But such sion lands. Those who provide such amount is nnt provided, and as in- memorial buildings may have pictures dividual dnnors and organizations de- of the buildings and receive regular sire to, give for specific purposes roost reports nf the wnrk being done. A of the Boards are glad to receive such memorial tablet may be placed on the gifts even though there are snme diffi- building, and thus the example of culties that are inherent in the ad- commemorating lives in loving service ministration of them. will thrnugh the years influence the

BES.'!' METHODS

lives of all who are helped in their zation, and involves some expense, growth and development by the Chris- especially when one Board receives tian ministries carried on in the build- gifts from many thousands of in- ing. Often those who have given ex- dividuals during the year, and the pression to their love in this way have gifts, usually not large, total more visited mission lands and have had than a million dollars during the year.

the joy of seeing the memorial build- But the experience of the Boards ings and the still greater joy of seeing which have tried to handle the matter the lives which have been transformed in a sympathetic manner has shown as a direct result of the gifts. that many people will give for specific Many who support workers, stu- purposes, and that churches receive dents, or other persons, desiring that inspiration and larger vision from a their influence may live after them, vital connection with a particular establish permanent funds by deposit- unit or task.

ing with the Board an amount to be invested, the income of which is to be A YEAR'S WORLD PROGRAM FOR A SUNDAY SOHOOL used perpetually to support a worker, or to provide a scholarship for a boy Court Street Methodist Church, or girl or for a theological student. Lynchburg, Virginia, has a good The income oj a fund of $1,000 will world program and is training its provide a scholarship, while the in- Sunday-school to enter fully into the come on $2,000 to $4,000 will support missionary activities of the church. a preacher or teacher in most mission Three volunteers from the Sundaylands. And such a permanent fund school are now working in foreign established with any of the regular mission fields. Their pictures hang Church Boards will continue its on the walls of the Sunday-school beneficent work down through the auditorium. and beside them is an years so long as the Board shall last. empty frame silently calling for the Some Boards have already been in fourth volunteer. existence more than a hundred years. Recently the full world program The experience of the Methodist was presented at a Sunday-school ses- Episcopal Board, is that the income sion and later at the evening service from Designated Gifts and on the in the church.

Parish Abroad Plan continues more The leader introduced the program stable and constant than undesignated by saying: "Have you ever had a giving. But sympathetic attention dream come true 1 I am going to tell must be given to the whole proposi- you today of two dreams of the Mis- tion. It will not work automatically. sionary Committee of Court Street Returned! missionaries, church papers, Sunday-school. The first dream was and missionary speakers must con- that some day our Sunday-sehool tinually tell the story of needs and might have a world program. Our opportunities. Reports, letters and Mission Board has eleven fields. We pictures must come from the mission- dreamed of having some special work aries for the donors. Careful and a~­ in each of those tields and wrote to curate records must be kept so that our Board Headquarters in Nashville full information about any gift and asking for such a plan. In response correspondence about it may bc we received an outline of a real world quickly found when wanted. Donors program for our school, which was often need to be tactfully reminded accepted by our officers and teachers, when payments are due. Missionaries and put into operation by our school.

need full info.rmation about each gift, Our first dream has come true and and also need constant reminders now we present to you the world pro- about sending letters and reports at gram of Court Street Church."

regular intervals: At this point the attention of the All of this requires system, organi- audience was directed to a large wall 4

map of the world which had been fit- was founded in 1889 by Bishop Lamted with electric bulbs placed to rep- beth, and while it began in a very "esent the location of each missionary small way it is now one of the largest or station. As the speaker proceeded Christian schools in Japan. Some of the lights were turned on one after you remember Bishop Usake who the other to indicate the work being visited our Sunday-school. He is a done. graduate of Kwansei Gakuin. Our student's name is M. Shiomi. First and best of all, our Sundayschool has three flesh and blood rep- We have gone on to Cuba in our resentatives in the foreign mission world program. The church of the field. In Africa is Frank Johnson Cuban pastor, Rev. Constantine Gon- Gillian back for the second time at zales, to whose support we contributed his station after spending eighteen last year, has become self-supporting months at home studying and enlist- and we have taken, for this year, paring volunteers to take up work along tial support of Rev. Sterling August educational lines, and Dr. Charles P. Neblett, who is a fine and experienced Sheffey who has recently been elected missionary and has been working in Superintendent of the Mission at Cuba for ten years. He is editor of Nyama: the conference periodieal and super- intendent of Sunday-school work, In Manchuria, too, we have our and serves also as pastor in Havana. flesh and blood missionary, Miss Constance Rumbough, who has been in her In Mexico we are working through field about two years teaching, doing our gift of $155.00 for the support of social service work and caring for our evangelist, Senorita Maria I. orphan children. Oaxacca, Bellaze Circuit, Parral Dis- trict, Mexico. Our missionaries write The light shines also in Brazil. that, inasmuch as Mexico celebrated Last year we had Mr. Al Staton, who her fifty-year Jubilee last year, the had to return to North America on opportunities are greater now than account of his health, so this year we ever before. have given $150 on the support of Dr. W. H. Moore at Granberry Col- 'On our walls is the picture of a lege. boy in a Children's Home in Warsaw, Poland. Our greatest relief work has Now we go on to Korea with four been done in Poland. Our Sundayshares of $25.00 each in the country school is giving $100 a year to make clinics in the Choon Chun District. possible a home, food. care, and educa- Dr. Phillip Hill who is in charge of tion for this boy. these clinics visited our church last year and described in a most inter- In Czecho-Slovakia we are paying esting way his work for both children $75.00 on the support of Rev. Fredand grown ups. SometImes the clinics erick Wagner, colporteur and pastor. are conducted in the country though He discarded Romanism in his youth. they are at the hospital whenever pos- While he was in the trenches during sible. the World War some one gave him a Testament. As he read it he promised Last year we had a day school at God that if his life were spared he Huchow as our special work in China. would give it in service to Him. His The school has been discontinued by work in distributing Bibles and our Board but we are glad to know preaching the living Gospel has been it is being carried on by native Chris- especially successful. tians. Our gift to China this year has been $70.00 toward the support of Dr. In Belgium we are helping to sup- Li, a Chinese doctor in Soochow Hos- port colporteurs and evangelists by a pitaL gift of $75.00 a year.

In .Tapan we have a ministerial Now if you are quick at figures you scholarship of $125.00 in our school at know by this time that our SundlJ,y- Kobe. This school, Kwansei Gakuin, school has pledged $] ,000 for our

BEST METHODS

world program. Divided by twelve various fields, the volunteers were in- we have gifts of $85.00 a month troduced. 'l'hey flung out their chal- needed to carry out this program. lenge, •• Our Lives Against Your When our pledges are met up to date Money," and held it before the audi- the lights on our map shine brightly ence until one after another of the at each session of the Sunday-school. laymen, singly or in groups, answered If the pledges are unpaid we see a the challenge with pledges sufficient dark map until we bring them up to to send the volunteers to the needy date. Weare thankful that only once fields which waited their coming. has our school faced a dark map. In addition to the missionary offerings I< I< I< of our congregation whiCh amount to more than $6,000 a year, and thE Working in Two Parish"lI offerings of the Women's Missionary Society, our Sunday-school can readily A young pastor took charge of his meet its obligations for its world pro- first parish. The geography of his gram if we remember to give a little life had ended far short of his dreams more than we have been giving and as and expectations. He had thought to S. D. Gordon says, "Add to your bit serve in some far mission field. In- of money a bit of prayer." stead of an ocean voyage a short train journey only was required to bring Now our second dream is that some him to the home mission field in a day we may have a flesh and blood coal-mining section, to which he had representative from our church in been called. Instead of missing his each of our eleven fields, and some of opportunity he doubled it. With Liv- you may help this second dream to ingstone he discovered that" The end come true. of the geographical feat is the begin- ning of the missionary enterprise." SUCCESSFUL EXPERIMENTS IN It seemed that the end of the geo- DESIGNATED GIVING graphical feat of his life was within a few miles of his birthplace, but it was . Actual experiences of individuals who have only the beginning of his missionary made special gifts, or who have enlisted enterprise. There was no doubt of the the interest of other gi'Jers, contain need and opportunity. in his own . many best method .•uggestions. parish and its outlying territory. As he met that he said to his people, "I "Our Lives Against Your Money. " can't be satisfied about not being in The words printed in letters clear the foreign field unless I know there enough to be read by everyone in the is some one else there whose work I great auditorium were flung out to a am helping to make possible." convention having an attendance of more than a thousand men. Quietly, earnestly and persistently he kept the subject before his people The streamer with its challenge was until the support of a second pastor held aloft by about a score of young was assumed for a foreign mission men and women who were volunteers parish. for missionary service but who were detained at home because there was no I< .. I< money with which to send them out. Opening Up a Foreign Branch Ofllce A wise committee, realizing that some expenditure of money is fre- ,. Why don't you extend your busiquently a requisite for obtaining more ness and open up a branch office in money, paid the expenses of these some foreign land Y" said the mission volunteers that they might attend this secretary to the man of big business. convention and present their own challenge. "Oh, we have a number of foreign offices," replied the man of big busi- After a genuine interest had been neSS. awakened by a .program presenting the call of God and the needs of the " Anything in Korea?" was the next question,-"I mean anything in the line of your Father's business. "

Then in a way that challenged the tax levied by designing officers of man of great affairs he told of a new mission station that should be opened synod. up. The result was that he opened up that entire station in Korea providing A young student returning home for all the equipment and the mis- from college arranged for the pres- …… sionaries needed. entation of a series of missionary sub- Giving a Missionary and Supporting jects during a period when the con- Him Too gregation was without a pastor. At In many instances the congregation or Sunday-school or class from which the closing meeting of the series he a missionary goes may be enlisted to support him by girts of money as well proposed that in addition to the regas through constant interest and prayer. ular gifts for missions the support of A young man from South Carolina a native evangelist in Japan should went to Japan. To the Young PeopIe's Society from which he went it be assumed. The amount required was another call of "My LHe Against Your Money." The members who was $1.25 a day. Pledging thirty days stayed at home pledged their gifts to provide his salary and the frequent himself, he asked for volunteers to communications between Japan and South Carolina resulted in deep in- make this worker" my missionary for terest and fine support on the part of South Carolina and a constant en- a day." . couragement and help to the representative in Japan. There were few people present who In another instance a member of a were not earning at least $1.25 a day. Business Woman's Council who accepted a call to home mission work Almost anyone of them would volunin the mountains of North Carolina was supported by the members of her teer to work for one day during the Council who remained at home. year in Japan if the difficulties and When a member of a Sunday-school class was commissioned for service in expense of transportation could be India, the seventeen other members of the class accepted the commission they eliminated. The idea of working a recognized in their own hearts to go with her through prayer and gifts, day or a week through this plan apand assumed her financial support with the promise that through their pealed to them. prayers they would work with her constantly. In rapid succession hands were My Mislionary for a Day raised with pledges for one, two, or This plan is not a new one but it is more days, for a week or two weeks, an effective one. When it was presented in one large and listless rural or a month until they had provided church it suggested a possibility hitherto unheard of. In that con- for the entire year. gregation the apportionment for mis- .. .. .. sions was considered a burdensome An X-ray for India For many years the doctors in charge of a mission hospital in India longed for an X-ray apparatus. At a missionary rally in Chicago one of the doctors who was on furlough men- tioned this need.

There was no begging for help, no impassioned appeal. She simply told of a need and an opportunity. At the close of the meeting a man came to her saying that he was a dealer in X-ray apparatus and would be very glad to donate a machine to her hospital.

The plain statement of facts and needs in meetings, large and small, and to individuals is one of the best of methods for enlisting special gifts.

At Work In Brooklyn, Auo In North Carolina A summer conference; an earnest group of young women delegates; a

statement that a girl from a mountain He Couldn't Stop mission church in North Carolina who In a Southern city lives a man who had never given away any money in had been in college last year would all of his life, that is, anything more than small change which he had in his not be able to return this year unless pocket when the collection plate was passed. some one provided for her expenses; A representative of a Mission Board a pledge from a young business wom- went to talk with him about larger possibilities of giving. He went in fear an of Brooklyn; a bright young girl and trembling, for his prospective host was known among his friends as back in second year in college training a man who would speak his mind on all occasions rather candidly and the for a life of service; a young woman mind that was in him at that time was not a giving mind. going happily to her business knowing To the amazement of the Board repthat she is at work in Brooklyn and resentative the information which he gave concerning the need and the opalso' in North Carolina every day- portunity in the mission field was re- ceived with an interest which seemed that is the sequence in a story of one to increase as he talked. When he 'presented the opportunity of taking • • special gift. • the full support of a missionary, to his great amazement his host said that "Standing By" he would like to do that, and forth- with wrote his check to cover the en- When a missionary started to Korea tire amount necessary for the first years ago an old college friend said, year's work. 'rhat check was written ,,Well, old friend, I won't forget ten years ago, and it has been followed every year by many others. Recently you." this man, who is now recognized as a Throughout the years he sent newsy, generous donor, said, "That man got me started and I can't stop." cheering home letters out to his friend in Korea. He seemed to have a He has contributed liberally to a marvelous way of understanding what splendid new church in a needy part his missionary friend needed most. of his own city, moved his own mem- Money, clothing, and other supplies bership to it and is standing back of followed the letters with an occasional it in every way. Lately he has gone shipment of candy for the missionary into the great business of giving family. During the years that have passed since those days of beginnings mountain boys an education through this donor has grown in wealth and in church schools. Already he has ingiving also. I,ast year he gave to one vested more than $300,000 in the church enterprise $75,000 and this Lord's work, since the writing of that year he has added $100,000 to his first check ten years ago, and now he designated giving. One gift built a is laying all of his plans to invest school in China, another a missionary about $3,000,000 more in the Lord's home in Korea. In the meantime the work. He is trying to sell a skydormitory of a mountain school has scraper and a bank which is housed been erected and many other gifts in it that he may put the proceeds made for designated purposes. from the sale into building Christian character. His own time and energy His right hand has not known what are being devoted to that Christ-like his left hand was doing and scarcely work. Under the process the man himanyone knows him as a generous giver. He has never been impoverished by his large gifts and reminds one always of the man of whom it was said: , 'A man there was, some called him mad, The more he gave the more he had."

He began his giving with small sums very early in life before he had great possessions. Now he is a very wealthy man and his gifts run into hundreds of thousands.

sell' h~s grown toward the full stature books of their own selection. This of Christ. plan preserves the pleasant element of surprise in the gift; insures that only " II " desirable books shall be sent; fur- nishes the books to the missionary at The Solution Offered by a Chicago such times and in such quantities as he can best use them; keeps such a Church for the Book Problem of long list of books before the church- members as to make it possible for It. Foreign Pastor in Korea them to find among them some that are already in their own libraries or One of the great problems of the some books they would love to "j:my missionary's life is how to keep fitphysically, mentally, and spiritually. and read before sending; and builds Nor is keeping fit mentally the least up for the missionary a library that of these three difficulties. The number of those who pursue any syste- is always up-to-date and available for matic method of continued mental de- his own use and the use of other misvelopment from their school days sionaries near him. Thus the gift of throughout life is few in any land, but a book becomes like the "gift of there is perhaps more excuse for the mercy, thrice blessed "-it blesses the neglect when one lives in a foreign donor, the recipient, and all his mismission land where the work is exact- sionary friends who may read it. ing and arduous; the literature such as there is in a foreign tongue; op- Are there not many other churches portunities for stimulating social con- in America that will welcome such a tact very limited; books and maga- chance to be of real service to their zines expensive; and public libraries missionary, and through him to the entirely lacking. In the midst of such work he is doing 1-E:Echange. environment and conditions the missionary must depend largely upon his mLE BOOKS WANTED determined effort in reading and studying good books and magazines, In many places there is a famine of good but even if he has the determination, literature while elsewhere therA is a surplus. and jealously guards his time, he still Idle hooks and unused magazines that clut· has the problem of getting books and tel' shelves in many homes and lihraries, magazines. No one, besides himself, might, with little trouble, be sent to bring is more vitally interested in the well- light and joy and blessing to homes and being of a missionary than the church churches that are in need. A letter from a in America that has undertaken his missionary in the Ozark Mountains, Arkan· support. Here in one place the sas, says: church can help him. "Our little communities have no reading It is common for such churches to matter except an occasional paper or cheap furnish magazines, either new ones or book. If we only bad a few good books to second-hand ones, forwarded after start a cirCUlating library-especially of they have been read, but the Buelll simple, inspirational books-it would be a Memorial Church, of Chicago, Illinois, great boon. No better work could be done during the past year has undertaker for this people." to supply good books in various fields of interest for its missionary in Seoul, Many people in the southern mountains in addition to the magazines it sends. and on the western plains and many Chris· In response to such an offer the mis- tian workers in isolated mission !'Jtations in sionary sends long lists of books that America and in foreign fields have no li· he desires, adding year by year to the braries accessible, and their salaries are too list new books as they come to his at- small to buy books. They need all kinds of tention, and from this list the mem- interesting, helpful literature-biography, bers of the Buena Church send popular science, history, essays, fiction with throughout the year from time to high moral tone, travel and general. religious time, and only in such amounts as the books that stimulate faith and Christian missionary can really read and. digest, living.

If any reader will write a card to the office of the REVIEW, stating the kind of books or papers they have to give away, we will gladly send the addresses of Christian workers to whom such literatur.6 may be sent. .EDITOR;

Woman's Foreign Mission

EDITED BY MIss ELLA D. MACLAURIN, 25 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK CITY CHRISTIAN WOMEN AND THE women who are vitally in touch with the problems. The next hour of the WORLD TODAY session will be spent in full and free discussion of the topic. Among those By GERTRUDE SOHULTZ who will lead in the ,presentation and in the discussion will be the following: The annual meeting of the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Mrs. Thomas Nicholson Missions will be held in Vernon !Worn, Mrs. Charles K. Roys Haddon Hall, Atlantic City, January Mrs. Robert E. Speer 10th and 11th. The Executive Com- Mrs. Daniel J. Fleming mittee will meet the afternoon and Miss Mary Dingman (London) evening of January 9th at the same Mrs. Katherine Willard Eddy (Japan) place. The first public meeting will Mrs. J. H. Warnshuis (India) be held Sunday afternoon at 2: 30 Mrs. Frank Gaylord OOok o'clock, with Mrs. E. H. Silverthorn, Miss Margaret Burton President of the Federation, presid- Mrs_ Hm-man Butler ing. The underlying theme of the Dr. William Paton (India) meeting will be: Dr. A. L. Warnshuis.

• A large group of missionaries, Board members and secretaries will be THE SPIRITUAL FELLOWSHIP AND RE- present to help with the discussions.

SOURCES OF CHRISTIAN WOMEN A group of Oriental women will be the guests of the Federation: IN FACING: Miss Tze of China I. The Missionary Enterprise in Miss Grace Yang of China Relation to World Peace. Miss Esther Kantayya of India.

II. The Present Situation in China. The formal reports of the w.ork of III. International Relationships and the Federation will be presented to the Executive Committee so that the Prejudice. business of the Federation may be IV. Industrialism as It Affects the put through rapidly in order to give the time for the discussion of these Work for Women and Chil- very vital world problems. dren. V. The Contribution of Youth to The officers of the Federation feel This Enterprise. that these problems are of such vital importance to the future of all the A whole session will be given to missionary work being done by womeach one of these vitally important en that most serious consideration problems facing Christian women to- should be given to them. The Chrisday. The first forty-five minutes of each session will be given to the presentation of the topic by men and FROM 9: 30 TO 12: 30 SUNDAY MORNING THERE WILL BE HELD A RE- TREAT FOR THE MISSIONARIES, OFFIC'ERS, MEMBERS OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE, PRESIDENTS OR CHAIRMEN OF LOCAL FEDERATIONS, NA- TIONALS FROM MANY COUNTRIES, AND ALL P"&RSONS TA"KlN'G PART IN THE PROGRAM. A CORDIAL INVITATION IS EXTENDED TO THE OFFICERS, MISSION- ARIES AND SPEAKERS ON THE PROGRAM OF THE FOREIGN MISSIONARY CON- FERENCE, WHICH FOLLOWS IMMEDIATELY ON THE CLOSE OF THE MEETINGS OF THE FEDERATION OF WOMEN'S FOREIGN BOARDS OF NORTH AMERIC'A.

55

t.ian women of the world are facing mean real progress in the advance- TREMENDOUS OPPORTUNITIES and rtl- ment of Christ's Kingdom. sponsibilities; only as they unitedly face these problems can real results The result of this meeting should be achieved. Toget.her these repre- be far reaching, for the recommenda- tions of the Findings Committee will sentatives of the Christian women of be sent to all local Federations and the Occident and the Orient will face to every mission Board for consideranot only the problems, but the great tion and action. Every Christian woman who can possibly arrange to undeveloped SPIRITUAL RESOURCES be at Atlantic City for these days is available for the solution of these urged to be present. problems. Such a meeting should JOINT HOME AND FOREIGN MISSION PLANS SUGGESTED PROGRAMS FOR A possible. Have a roll-call or pro- YOUNG PEOPLE'S MEETING cessional. 10. Have plenty of ushers, leaders of under the auspices of a music and good ventilation. 11. Do not take a collection, but make WOMEN'S CHURCH: AND M:!SSJONA.R.Y plans to follow up the meeting with FFDElLATION a service project which will appeal to the young people; and stimulate These programs are suggestive merely and may a >desire to give. be adapted to suit the spec.ifio community. The II. Meeting. two may be cO!llbined if desirable. 1. Procession."l hymn-I IWe march, Suggested Program Number One we march to victory.'"

1. Preparation for the meeting. 2. Scripture reading in unison-Psalm 1 or Psalm 103. 1. Invite cooperation of city officers S. Prayer, closing with the Lord's of Young Men's Christian Associa- Prayer. tion, Young Women's Christian As- sociation, Young People's Union, 4. Brief introductory word from the Christian Endeavor, E p w 0 r t h Women's Federatbn, expressing the League, Guilds, etc., calling a meet- interest of the church in youth, the ing of such officers for help in ar- need for the cooperation of young ranging date, methods of promo- people in all religious problems, tion, and suggestions for the pro- and the desire to have the help of gram. Have a responsible chairman the young people of the community_ chosen by this group to work with the Federation's committee, as well 5. Theme of meeting: "Our Town- as members to serve on the various Our Part In It. n committees of arrangements for the meeting. USE YOu;N"G PEOPLE A. Speech-"What a fine town we have," by the Mayor or some TO HELP PLAN THE MEE1l'ING AND other public official.

PR.OMOTE IT. B. Some questions-" Is there any- thing that could be better in our 2. Begin preparations a long time in town among the unprivileged advance. groups r" (These could be 3. Plan the meeting for and with given by a number of people, each outlining briefly a com- young people, and not about young munity problem.) people. • .C. Answers from young people themselves. Brief talks giving 3. Be willing to try experiments in some way to meet each of the problems outlined under B. arrangement of church or hall, D. "What can we do to helpf" Practical Buggestions either by music, program, etc. one person or by many, or free discussion, if possible. 5. Divide up the work of preparation, E. Summary of discussion, and challenge to youth to find the but hold frequent meetings to re- way of Christ for the solution of the problems in question. ceive reports and cheek up on the (Brief talk by a church leader of young people_) progress made. F. Hymn. G. Prayer. 6. Enlist the cooperation of the pas- tors, and form prayer groups of those interested in young people.

7. Use all denominational agencies for pUblicity and promotion_ 8. Have posters displayed in all churches, with full information as to date, place, program and ar- rangements_ 9. Provide for group seating and sing- ing, with banners or standards, if

WOMAN '8 HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETINS

III. Other themes for such a meeting. organization, closing with the Mizpah Benediction led by the Chairman. 1. What young people arc doing in other lands. FOOT~OTE ~ Be sure your facts are up-to-date. Procure the latest information from the head.. 2. Debate on religious education and quarters of the various denominations. the best methods of securing it. STANDARDS FOR CONFERENCES 3. Poster contest on mission studY AND SCHOOLS OF MISSIONS textbooks and address by sOln'e missionary author on the "Power Affiliated with the of Missionary Books." COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR 4. Summer prog~ams, conferences, etc., HOME MISSIONS and what they offer to young peo· pIe. Opportunities for summer and the service. FEDERATION OF WOMAN'S 5. The race problem in our country BOARDS OF FOREIGN AlIS- and in the eommunity in which we SIONS OF NORTH live. Can we :find a Christian solu· AMERICA tion, and how can we as young peo· pIe have a share in iH (Discussion Affiliation based on a preliminary survey of the race problem in the community, An interdenominational Confer- and, the contribution which each ence or School of Missions which has race is making to the life of the three or more cooperating denomina- town.) tions whose Women's Boards are Con- stituent Boards of the Council of 6. A study of the signi:ficance of stu· Women for Home Missions may be- dent movements in Europe, India, come affiliated with the Council upon China, Japan, and the United recommendation of the Committee on States, in their bearing upon pres· Schools of Missions. ent international problems. What would be the effect of a world·wide An interdenominational Confer- movement of. Christian young peo· ence or School of Missions which has pIe to change or improve interna' three or more cooperating .denomina- tional relations f tions whose Women's Boards are affiliated with the Federation of 7. What is the responsihility of the Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions young people of today in the move· may become affiliated with the Fed- ment for international peace Y eration upon recommendation of the Committee on Conferences and Suggested Program Number Two Schools of Missions.

1. "Fling Out the Banner." Processional For affiliation with the Council and carrying Christian flags and flag or pen· Federation, application should be nant of each organization. made to the headquarters of each or- ganization. 2. Scripture Reading-Psalm 67. 3. Prayer. Committees of the Federation and 4. Greetings by the President of the Feder· Council ation. The Committees of the Council and 5. Theme: ' 'What Christian Young People Federation have for their purpose the rendering of every possible service Are Doing in Other Lands." to the Schools in their efforts toward bringing the sessions to the highest a. A Symposium, each country presente.l point of efficiency, by suggesting by a chosen perSOIL from the respective teachers and leaders upon request, organizations. and by aiding in the advancement of all the interests of the SchooL What Christian Young People are do· ing in Each School is entirely independ- (1) Europe (4) India ent in the management of its meetings (2) China (5) Africa (3) Japan (6) Latin America (10 minutes each. Chairman keep each within time limit.) Or an address on this subject if someone who is really informed can be secured. A missionary Play be available.

b. Song-" 0 Zion Haste."

c. What are the great tasks which Amer· ican, European and Oriental youth must carry through together to pro· duce a truly ,Christian world' (Ad. dress or discussion.) d. Short prayers by one chosen from each

and in the preparation of its pro- tbe Dean, the records of regisgram. tration by classes. (6) Lectures or Addresses: Appropriation Popular presentation of mis- When a School affiliated with the sions. Council needs financial assistance for (7) Time: the purpose of securing a teacher for the home mission textbook, the Coun- Five days, not including Suncil will grant $50 per year upon re- day. quest, this assistance to be maintained for a period not to exceed three years. 2. Maximum: (1) Committee: Conferences and Sr;hool of Missions The managing Board or Com- mittee to be composed of repre- I. Objectives: sentatives from at least three evangelical denominations, ap- Training leaders for tbe missionary pro- pointed or approved by tbeir re- gram of tbe Church. spective Boards. (2) Bible Study: Promoting intelligent Bible study. At least four courses helpful Developing missionary technique. in developing the spiritual life Developing cooperation among women of •the individual and in pre· paring for tbe devotional pe- and girls in the churches. riods in tbe regular missionary Promoting interdenominational fellow· meetings of women, young wom- en, 'teen age groups and chil- ship. dren. Stimulating discussion of national and (3) Graded Missionary Instruction: a. Two·hour normal class, international problems. using the group method of Christianizing race relations. teaehing, for those who are to prepare to teach or promote II. Standards: study classes, and a sufficient number of classes so that not The following "minimum standard" is more than thirty are registered the basis of affiliation witb the Fed- in each class. eration and Council. There should be classes of this type for leaders who ex- 1. Minimum: pect to teach. 1. The Adult book, (1) Committee: 2. The Senior book, 3. The Intermediate book, The managing Board or Com- 4. The Jnnior book. b. Discussion groups for mittee to be composed of rep' those not preparing to teach. (4) Methods: resentatives from at least three Courses for leaders of the fol- lowing missionary groups: evangelical denominations, ap- a. Women's Societies, b. Young Women '8 So- pointed or approved: by their cieties, c. 'Teen age groups, respective Boards. d. Children's groups. (5) Addresses by missionaries or (2) Bible Study: others: a. On Missions, A course helpful in develop- b. On tbemes allied to the textbooks of the year. ing the spiritual life of the in- (6) Forums: The holding of at least one dividual and in preparing for forum which shall demonstrate the technique and practice of the devotional periods in the this method. (7) Dramatics: regular missionary meetings of Technique and practice. (8) Story Telling: the women, young women, 'teen Technique and practice. (9) Faculty: age groups and ehildren. a. Experienced leaders i 11 Bible, mission stu d y and (3) Mission Study: methods.

One-hour discussion groups or two-hour normal classes, daily, based on the textbooks of the year.

(4) Methods: Classes for leaders in women's societies and in young wom- en's or junior organizations.

(5) Faculty: a. Experienced leaders in Bible, mission study and meth- ods.

b. A Dean who shall assist delegates in the selection of courses and shall keep in touch with clasa registration to see that all attend classes bes~ adapted to their needs. .

c. A Registrar who shall su- pervise," in collaboration with

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETINS

b. A Dean who shall assist carefully c h 0 sen leadership. delegates in the selection of F'aculty as for adult school. eonrSeB and shall keep in touch (11) Time: with class registration to see that all attend classes best a. A day for preliminary adapted to their needs. conference of the leaders.

c. A Registrar who shall b. Seven to ten days, ineIud· supervise, m collaboration with ing Sunday. One day for regis· the Dean, the records of regis· tration, opening sessions of tration by classes. classes, etc., followed by six (10) Young Women's Department: days of regular class sessions.

Camp or other activity with c. Periods not less than forty·five minutes.

Woman's Home Mission Bulletin EDITED BY FLORENOE E. QUINLAN, 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK IN EVERYTHING BY PRAYER lowship in prayer, for inspiration to- Last month the section of the Wom- ward further service, and those who an's Bulletin devoted to foreign mis- are representing you in the various sions carried an announcement by Mrs. Montgomery telling of the ob- mission fields will be deprived of the servance of ~he Day of Prayer for help the united intercession would Missions to be held on February 19tb. have been to them. Shall we send Mrs. Montgomery modestly did not them forth and not uphold their state that she is the author of the pro- hands T Do we believe in the power gram. It was thought most fitting of prayer T Let no one interested in missions fail to do her part on Febthis year when Prayer and MissiO'nS ruary 19th.

by her is one of the current study EACH DAY books to have her prepare the pro- Into the basket of thy day gram for this next observance of the Put each thing bright and each thing gay united Day of Prayer for Missions: That thou canst find upon thy way.

In Everything by Prayer is the title Neglect no joy, however small, of the program. And it shall verily befall A Call to Prayer has also been The day can scarcely hold them all.

printed, as usual, for preliminary use, Within the basket of thy day the chairman of the Joint Committee, Let nothing evil find its way, Mrs. S. S. Hough, having prepared And let no frets or worries stay.

this card. Wide use of the card helps So shall each day be brave and fair, much toward a successful observance. Holding of joy its happy share, And finding blessmgs everywhere. It is most advisable that orders for both card and program be placed -PRISCILLA LEONARD.

early with your denominational head- FACING THE FACTS; FACING quarters, for each year some aTe dis- THE FUTURE appointed when they send belated orders to find that the supply is ex- The Home Missions Council and hausted and there is not sufficient time Council of Women for Home Mis- to reprint. The card is sent :tree in sions have taken this as the theme for quantity by most boards; a few their Annual Meeting, which this charge postage. The program is 2) year is to be held in St. Louis, J an- cents each, $1.50 per 100. uary 21st-25th; and is to include a If no plans have yet been made for National Missions Conference, such interdenominational observance of the as was held in Rochester, N. Y., and day in your community, call up the in Dayton, Ohio. In each case these leaders in the various communions National Conferences are planned and see if arrangements cannot be and carried through in cooperation macle for such a meeting. You will with the local Council of Churches or be missing. a real opportunity for fel- Church Federation.

As usual, most of the sessions of Council of Women for Home Misthe Annual Meeting will be jointly sions. The fundamental Problems of conducted by the Home Missions Migration will be presented Friday Council and Council of Women for evening. Other possible items of joint Home Missions. All sessions, except endeavor will also be discussed. two when technical executive matters will be discussed, will be open to the The Church Federation of St. Louis public and as large an attendance as requested especially that one session possible 'will be welcomed. be given to a review of the St. Louis Church Survey made by Dr. Paul While this announcement goes to Douglass. This will occur on Saturpress before plans are perfected, they day. On Saturday, also, in accordhave progressed far enough to indi- ance with the plans of the local cate most interesting addresses and Women's Missionary Federation the discussions on vital matters. After Day of Prayer for Missions will be separate sessions of the two Councils observed, instead of on February on Thursday, January 21st, all will 19th. come together for a dinner, after which Dr. Charles L. White, Presi- Saturday evening representatives dent of the Home Missions Council, from the Interdenominational Stuwill address the gathering on "The dent Conference held in Evanston, Greatness of' the Task," and Mrs. IlL, Dec. 2'9th-Jan. 1st, will tell of John Ferguson, President of the the Contribution of Youth through Council of Women for Home Mis- the Church to Present Day Needs, Sions, on "The Oneness of the Task." followed by an address by Dr. John Other addresses at this dinner will McDowell on the same general topic. emphasize the necessity of confidence in and loyal obedience and devotion Ample time for discussion will be to our Lord and Master. allowed throughout the sessions.

Friday afternoon will be devoted to On the Sabbath, visiting delegates the various activities now being car- -both men and women-will fill ried on cooperatively by the Boards 'many of the pulpits of the city, mornthrough the Councils. A great lack ing and evening. Meetings are being of religious books for the blind hav- t>lanned for Sunday afternoon and ing been evidenced, the Councils have Monday. Hotel Buckingham will be during the past year printed the fir~t headquarters, the sessions being held of what it is hoped will be a series of in the assembly rooms of the hotel. books in braille. Fittingly at this afternoon session the devotional read- Consisting of the Boards of twentying will be by a blind person. The eight denominations, and having sucproviding of Religious Work Direc- cessfully launched various pieces of tors in Government Indian Schools is actual cooperative service, it was felt another cooperative project and it is that now all should together face the expected that Mr. Isaac Greyearth. a facts-the facts of need, of opportu- Sioux who serves as one of these Di- nity, of service–and then face the rectors, will tell of this work. The futwre and determine goals, discuss functioning of the Bureau of Refer- methods, and bend energies to acence for Migrating People, the follow- complish the desired end-the bringup of Protestant Immigrants, another ing in of the Kingdom in all its fullof the joint activities, will be ex- ness here in the homeland for the sake plained. of America and of the world.

One of the most interesting phases It ain't the guns nor armaments, of missionary service of late years has been the work among Farm and Can- Nor the funds that we can pay, nery Migrants which is conducted by the women's boards through the But the close cooperation that makes us win the day.

It ain't the individual, nor the army as a whole, But the everlastin' teamwork of every bloomin' soul. -KIPLING.

FROM .MANY

!

Protestants of the Earth dale's New Testament in English was the theme for Universal Bible Sunday STATISTICS presented to the on December 6, 1925. Tyndale's Stockholm Conference on Chris- translation shaped the whole course tian Life and Work give the total of succeeding translations of the New Protestant population of the earth lis Testament. A circular on Tyndale 195,100,000. The Protestant popula- may be obtained free on application tion of the British empire is reckoned to the National Association of Book at 46,900,000, divided as follows: Publishers, 334 Fifth Ave., New Anglican, 28,600,000; .Free Churches, York, N. Y., or to the American Bible 800,000; Church of Scotland, 2,700,- Society. 000; United Free Church of Scotland, 1,500,000; Irish Presbyterians, 800,- "Rid the World, of Leprosy!" 000; Canadian Presbyterians, 1,400,- 000; Canadian Methodists, 1,100,000; WITH this slogan, William M. Canadian Baptists, 400,000; Canadian Danner, General Secretary of the Lutherans, 200,000; Church of Aus- ~<.merican Mission to Lepers, startoo. tralia, 1,600,000; Church of South September 16th on a round-the-world Africa, 600,000. In continental Eu- tour. The Mission, coope.rating as it rope the P.rotestant population is said has done for many years with deto be: Germany, 40,300,000; Switzer- nominational boards of foreign misland, 2,200,000; Holland, 3,600,000; sions, has established a chain of nearly France, 1,400.000; Denmark, 3,200,- a hundred leper asylums in lands 000; Norway, 2,300,000; Sweden, where the afiiiction is most severe. 5,700,000; Finland, 3,300,000; Esthonia, 1,000,000; Latvia, 1,500,000; Mr. Danner carried letters of intro- Russia, 1JOO,000; Lithuania, 200,000; duction from the Japanese Ambassa- Poland, 1,500,000; Czechoslovakia, dor and the Chinese Minister at 2,100,000; Austria, 300,000; Hun- Washington, which will secure him gary, 3,600,000; Roumania, 1,300,- access to the strongest statesmen in 000. The same figures give the Prot- these two countries. In Siam he will estant population of the United States seek an audience with the King, who as 74,500,000. personally founded the extensive pub- lic leper asylum in its capital city. These figures are probably over- Bangkok. He will bring to the attengenerous to the Protestants. They are tion of all the officials he meets the based on an estimate of about one excellent results that have been obhundred and fifty per cent sympa- tained from Hegregation of lepers in thizers or adherents to Protestantism Hawaii and the Philippines, as well in addition to the actual members of as in the United States. If he can Protestant Churches. This would induce them even to begin on the mean only about 75,000,000 Pirotes- American policy the end of the histant communicants or open confessors toric scourge could be said to be in of Jesus Christ as their Lord and sight, since quarantine on a national Saviour. They number about one in scale would stop the infection of new twenty oil the earth's population. victims.

The Gospel by Mail to Je….. T THE The Tyndale Centenary HE four-hundredth anniversary of British Society for the Propathe publication of William Tyn- gation of the Gospel among the 61

JOews, believing that to most Jews the 7. Spend twice as much for school Bnd Bible, especially the New Testament, edacation as for church and reli· is "a hidden book, " carries on "postal gious interBats. 8. :Spend eleven times as much on crime mission work," that is, sending and its punishment as on church through the post copies of the New and religious interests. Testament chiefly, in part or whole, 9. Waste $19 for every $1 they spend on to Jewish families on the five conti- church and religious interests. 10. Spend $,29 on luxuries for every $1 nents of the earth. The first batch of given to church and religious in· postal packets was sent out from terests.

° Liverpool, in November, 1910, and If our Christian people could be others have been sent at least three made to realize what these figures times a year, ever since. With each mean, and to set resolutely toward gospel or New Testament there is en- making a change in them fw the bet- closed also an introductory note which ter, then certainly the 48,224,000 reads in part as follows; church members gathered in the 237,- This is a message from God to you. Do 945 churches in our country should not turn a deaf ear to it. Like your Scrip. have influence and power enough to tures it was written by a holy man of God, start something worth while.

moved by the Holy Ghost, written that you might believe that Jesus is the Christ (the :M.essiah) the Son of God, and that believing America.n Bible Society A you might have life through His Name. In T its l09th annl1al meeting in May, this great society, which Him and Him alone is pardon, peace, hope and heaven . . . Read, therefore, believe has more than 3,000 workers scattered and be saved.

all over the world, reported encour- NORTH AMERICA aging growth along many lines. The The United States Dollar total issues for the year amounted to THE Year Book of the Young Men's 6,652,299 volumes 'and were in 172 Christian Association for 1925 languages and dialects and Scriptures for the blind. In the Arabic-Levant deals with the American dollar and Agency the work of manufacturing Arabic Scriptures has proceeded at a how it is spent. According to the greatly accelerated pace. The total American Education Digest, here is for the year was more than,twice the the accounting; Cents Living costs •…………. 24% number manufactured in ] 923, and 22 t.hree and one third times the annual Luxuries •••………….. 14 average. All printing of the Scrip- Waste …•…………… tures for the Levant Agency is now Miscellaneous ………… . 13% Investment ………….. . 11 Crime ……………… . S% being done at the American Press in Beirut and for the first time in its Government …………. . 4% history a representative of the Amer- ican Bible Society, lVIr. S. T. Cassapi, Schools ………..•…… I1h is living in Beirut and supervising the work. In China, the three Bible Church .•……………. 0% Societies-the British and Foreign, From these figures the compiler of the Year Book draws the deductions that the people of the United States; 1. Spend nearly as much for luxuries as the National Bible Society of Scot- for living costs. land and the American Bible Society 2. Spend one half as much for invest· ment as for luxuries. –have cooperated in the publication of an edition of Scriptures with 3. Waste more than one half as much as what is termed a "common title it costs to live.

4. Spend only one :fifteenth as much for page."

school and education as for lux· uries. 5. Waste nine times as much as they Y. M. C. A. Help for Strangers S spend on school and education. TRANGERS in strange lands- whether they be Japanese; Ger- 6. Spend six times as much for crime and its punishment as for school man, French; Polish, West Indian, and education.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

African or American-find the nu- possible effort to perfect the necessary merous difficulties of travel made organization of those world forces easier by the service which the Y. M. whereby the people of our time and C. A. extends to them. In the fourth- of succeeding generations shall be able floor backroom of a Chicago tenant, a to reach agreements and to adjust new arrival from Poland has framed grievances. " the "Y" introduction card, which helped him so much all along his Tract Society Centennial Fund wearisome way, and has scrawled under it in Polish: "Trust the Y. M. THE American Tract Society, which C. A. It is your best friend!" The has printed and distributed in all Y. M. C. A. was the first organization 815,669,200 pieces of Christian literto promote service among foreigners ature, and which celebrated its cenon a world·wide basis. Its activities tennial last May, now appeals to the now extend to most European and public for $200,000 with which to Oriental countries, frontier towns, start its second century of service. fifteen strategic ports of embarkation, The present work of the society ten ports of entry, and several hun- stresses particularly the .Christian dred cities of destination. Even on .'.meriminization of the thousands of shipboard, the hours are enlivened by foreigners who come to America each games started by Y. M. C. A. repre- year. Through its colporteur at Ellis sentatives. During the last six months Island, it gives out Christian books of 1924 special migration secretaries and tracts and books on Americanizaat the British ports alone have dis- tion in many languages, and it distributed nearly 14,000 cards and tributes in the great foreign centers letters of introduction and sent more of America tracts and books in twenthan 10,000 letters regarding emigra- ty-seven languages, and hymnals in tion cases. During the same period ten languages. over 4,000 people of thirty-nine different nationalities were assisted in The sum of $200,000 which is the numerous ways at Ellis Island. goal of the Centennial Fund Cam- paign of the American T.ract Society Dett'oit Congre.. on Peace is to be used to develop and increase colporteur service among the foreign THE chief message of the tenth an- groups in New England; to endow nual meeting of the American the Spanish !:lunday-school periodical, Council of the World Alliance for In· Man-zan-as de Oroj to republish the ternational Friendship Through the "Self-Explaining Bible" with notes, Churches, held in Detroit, Mich., No- and t.he pocket Bible; to print new vember 10-12, 1925 and announced tracts in English, more books in foras "A Congress on Peace and Secur- eign 'languages, and foreign hymnals ity," consisted in an appeal to all in five different languages. churches and all citizens to obtain congressional approval this winter for White and Negro "Y" Seoretaries American adherence to the World Court. The congress also asked that A PRACTICAL demonstration of committees in all churches arrange the Christian spirit in race relafor study classes on "how the prin- tions, which was given at the re,cent ciples of the gospel may be applied to annual meeting of Y. M. C. A. secreinternational and racial relation- t.aries has received little attention exships" and urged all pastors to "lay cept in the Negcl."o press,' where it has especial emphasis in their preaching heen greeted with deep appreciation. on the unity of mankind," with par- During these meetings in other years ticular reference to Japan and China. secretaries of the colored department One of the resolutions adopted read: of the Associa.tion have roomed at "It is clearly our duty to exert every hotels conducted by Negroes for Negro patrons. LaSt year the feeling was strongly expressed that arrangements

should be made so that colored and but they are practicing unity in these white workers could be accommodated ways that will make a united church in the same hotels. .An effort was possible in time."

made to arrange this with the hotel- keepers of Atlantic City, but when Santee Indian School the secretaries reached their meeting F OR fifty-five years the American this year they found the old segrega- Missionary Association (Congregation perpetuated. Whereupon eight tional) has been conducting a school white secretaries of the Student De- at Santee, Okla., and F. B. Riggs repartment took up their residence in ports that the last year has been the the colored hotel where their Negro best of all. He says: ' ,We pursue all fellow-secretaries were, perforce, staying. Two of the men who took this the studies that are taught the public step were Southerners. Chrisiian schools. Besides those, of course, we 1Vork comments: "These student sec- teach subjects that are especially retaries deserve all the praise whicb necessary to our main purpose as a has been given them. They have made missionary school for the training of it harder to maintain segregation in future avowedly religious gather- Indian leaders. Our academic limit ings. " was only the tenth grade. Now this year, we have advanced to the elev- enth and are on the way to become a full-:fl.edged accredited high school Ohri.tlan Ohinese Uniting next year. This year our Indian stu- ~~THE steady growth of a r-eal dents made marked improvement in youtll movement looking toward studying, in dass recitation, and in general reading. We excel other Inunity in the religious work of the San dian schools in vocal music. We give Francisco Chinese community and toward initiative and responsibility in non-sectarian religious instruction in all our grades. And for non-resident social service," is reported in The. students we have a correspondence American Missionary, which says: school, seven courses in the Dakota "In one of the Chinese mission build- Indian language (Sioux) and three ings of San Frnncisco generously courses in English. Our Bible corgranted for such use by a mission respondence school is rapidly improvboard, the younger Chinese of several ing." denominations are carrying on a very significant work to serve the community in educational, social and reCir"ea- LATINAMERIOA tional activities. This includes a Chi- A :ali.donary Appointed Mayor D nese language school, a society 'for R. EUGENE A. MacCORNAGK training in chorus work, a society fOJ of Whitehall, Wisconsin, a med- amateur dramatics, and the regular ical missionary of the Methodist Epis- work of Boy Scouts, Camp Fire Girls, copal Church, who served as superin- besides frequent union social and reli- tendent of the British-American gious meetings. All these activities Hospital in Lima, Peru, has been ap- which could scarcely develop to any pointed alcalde or mayo;r- of the city great strength in a single small church of Callao by President A. B. Leguia.

are flourishing as the young people get The president of the republic and a together in this way. The competition score of congressmen and other gov- of the purely secula;r- organizations of ernmental officials have had members the Chinese community, on the one of their families treated in this hos- hand, and of the strong Catholic mis- pital. It is also giving medical serv- sion, on the other, make it clear to ices to several thousand needy poor.

most of the Christian Chinese of the Dr. MacCornack is the first North Protestant churches that they must American to be appointed mayor of a work together more and more. They Peruvian community, and probably are not yet ;ready for a united church, the first appointed anywhere in South

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

America. He has recently received to time we receive visits from wealthy the degree of Doctor of Medicine from farmers, often fanatical, and coming San Marcos University, Peru, the old- a distance of several hundreds of est university of the Western Hemi- miles, solely to buy pure-bred animals sphere. It is unusual to grant this and grain. They bring a whole retinue degree to physicians from the United with them-·Indians, foremen and States. It will enable the doctor and under-men-and often they have to his staff to carryon their work in stay several days. But during that Peru with the full sanction of the time they not only purchase cattle; Government. they hear the Gospel preached, and see for themselves the change that has Conditions in Central America taken place in the Indian Christians; t.ake note of the characters and capa- REV. R. R. GREGORY, secretary bilities of our lads and children; out of the Caribbean Agency of the of curiosity enter the school; and, led American Bible Society, thus sums up to acknowledge the po'<ver of the Gosthe impressions he gained in a recent pel in the lives of many, they are won tour of thirteen weeks in Central over to a new view of Christianity, America: "On the one hand, saloons and gladly accept a copy of the hereare doing a flourishing business; too tie's Book, and the printed message of many still believing that governments salvation.' , cannot be run without the license tax money. '1'he movie picture business On the Brazilia.n Frontier is a veritable gold mine in these irCpublics. American capital is making FROM the town of Patroeinio, bigger success of raising bananas and whieh is called "the frontier staswelling dividends, than in building tion of the Western Brazil Mission" np men and women in character. of the Southern Presbyterian Church, Everybody is in love with the Amer- Mrs. Alva Hardie writes: "There has ican dollar, and it circulates freely been strong opposition from the first side by side with the currency of the on the part of the priest and good various republics. On the other hand, Catholics. "'INe are denied the press, the Church in Central America has but every week the little paper, City never faced such opportunities for of Patrocinio, is filled with articles advancement a13 she faces there today. against Luther, Calvin, the Reforma- Evangelical missions are everywhere tion, non-Catholic schools, Protestants undermanned and underfinanced. in general. In every way they seek There is little diffi,culty in establishing to turn the people away, not in the private schools. Pupils abound-all least minding the use of gross unthat is needed is money and teachers. truths put in strong language. Never The Central American people are ap- has the town been so religious! Durpreciative of genuine help and friend- ing May, the month set aside for the ship, and, in a larger measure than exclusive worship of Mary, a proceswe give them credit, are capable of sion took place solely and expressly absorbing our best. More Bibles are as an insult to the Protestants here. being circulated this year in Central I did not believe this when I heard America than ever befro-e." it, for I could not conceive of a reli- gious ceremony being used to insult Missionary Farm in Peru anyone! But the weekly paper pub- lished the fact; triumphantly an- F ORTY miles from Cuzco, Peru, is nouncing this brilliant achievement! the Urco Farm conducted by Mr. There are now twenty preaching and Mrs. T. E. Payne, of the Evan- points in our field which is as large <IS gelical Union of South America. Mrs. the state of South Carolina. Only two Payne writes: "Let me tell you how of these points can be reached by the agricultural part of the work helps train." the spread of the Gospel. From time 5

EUROPE markets and fairs; also during the summer months two gospel tents visit Plight ot European Protestants the different parts of the country, reaching many communities where the REV. GEORGE STEWART, D.D., Gospel has never been heard. Some associate minister of the Madison of the most fruitful stations are the Ave. Presbyterian Church, New York, permanent outcome of these summer pictures in an article in Current His- tent visitations. During the past year tory the plight of the Protestant in Belgium 373,117 copies of Scripchurches in Europe. They have suf- tures and gospel literature have been fered a "series of unprecedented distributed. calamities." Three great communions, the Evangelical Lutherans of Active ProtestantisJD in Italy Germany, the Roman Catholics in the Dual Monarchy, and the Greek Ortho- REV. PIETRO S. MONCADA, an dox Church in Russia, have been evangelical pastor, reminds those pushed off the raft of state subsidy who are disposed to think of Italy as and told to swim for themselves in a entirely a Roman Catholic country, stormy sea. The inflation of currency that "from the Alps to the last point has wiped out all endowments, not of Sicily and Sardinia, in every city only for local churches, but for mis- and in the small villages there are sionary enterprises, colleges, theo- churches and missions, elementary logical seminaries, hospitals, and and secondary schools, hospitals and orphanages. Dr. Stewart says that charitable institutions, besides penthe endowment of the church institu- sions and Y. W. C. A. 's, under the tions of Germany could not be ex- direct control of the Protestant dechanged for a street-ear fare. Prot- nominations." He emphasizes the estant teachers and ministers in activities of the historic W aldensian France are remaining at their posts Church along many lines, and continin a starving condition. Numbers of ues: "Denominations are to be found them receive less than flve dollars a also in Italy; American and Anglican month in American money. Three Methodists, Baptists, Episcopalians, thousand ministers, teachers, and doc- Salvation Army, Pentecostals, Sevtors have been recalled from overseas enth Day Adventist!!. Rome, the missionary service. 'Eternal City,' is becoming more and more the center of Italian Protestant- Belgian Gospel Mission ism. There are there about twenty churches, Y. M. C. A., Y. W. C. A., the DESPITE opposition and many offices of the British and Foreign difficulties, this Mission, under Bible Society, printing offices for pubthe direction of Mr. and Mrs. Ralph lication of Protestant literature, the C. Norton, has grown until today in International Methodist College on all of the nine provinces save two high Monte Mario, just overlooking there is established work; some eight- St. Peter's and the Vatican gardens, een posts in all, where regular preach- the imposing Waldensian Cathedral ing services are held; there are over on Piazza Cavour-the gift of Mrs. fifty workers, representing seven dif- John S. Kennedy, of New York City; ferent nationalities; two Bible schools the theological school, which trains in the two different languages spoken not only the Waldensian ministers, in Belgium have been founded, and but also the Methodist and Baptist." the latter, the Flemish, for its second term of enrolment, had seventy api- AFRICA plications and enquiries from the adjacent country of Holland alone; Christia.n and MosleJD Heroes an extensive campaign of colportage work goes on the year round, the sum- THE following story of how Chrismer months being exceptionally fruit- tians penetrated into Nigeria is ful, as open-air meetings are held in quoted in the IS'lamie World, a paper

1926J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

published under Mohammedan aus- asked a chief's SOl] the other day why pices: he had come to school. 'To learn how to be a good man and how to be a Nineteen years ago a young Irish doctor good ruler when I have a village of who went to Southern Nigeria to take up my own,' was his instant reply. A government service, while travelling in the number of the present chiefs belong to Owerri district, was set upon by the natives, a new generation, and are, without stripped of his clothing and made to march, exception, old boys trained in our naked as he was, in tbe hot tropical sun to school. These show their influence a large market·place some miles away. Here everywhere in every way." he was put to death. Early in the present year Bishop Lasbrey visited the stations of "I Want to Know This God" the Church Missionary Society in this neigh. borhood and found eloquent proof of the REV. T. E. BUCK, of the London change which a few short years of gospel Missionary Society, writes of influence had brought about. The Bishop spending a night last year in a village visited a place which is less than a mile in Madagascar, where all the people from the market where the doctor met his were heathen. "I called the viHagers tragic fate. No threatening mob of infuri- together," he says, "and gave them a ated enemies escorted the white man on this simple talk about God and Jesus occasion, but a band of earnest Christians, Christ. I could see that they were rejoicing that they were workers together impressed. One of the headmen came with. him for the Kingdom of God. There to me and said: •You have told new are now mOre than 13,000 adhereuts of the and wonderful things about the true Church in this district. God today. Will you tell me more' I feel I want to know this God.' Soon The editor goes on to comment: after daybreak eleven men were await- "This shows the wonderful tenacity ing me, and they told me that they of purpose and the extraordinary per- had made up their minds to go forseverance which the Christians have. ward in the new faith. We made an If the Muslims cherish the great hope application to the Government. The of spreading the light of Islam in the reply was recei Ted last February. world far and wide, they should also When I visited this little church in exhibit sueh qualities. As a matter of June I was astonished. The little fact the Muslims of the good old times place where the services are held was were the embodiments of these heroic packed to the doors. 'fhe men of the virtues, and the Christians have only village finished the teacher's house in borrowed these from them. The pity, two days. About twenty people are however, is that now the Muslims are learning in the catechumens' class. almost devoid of these virtues." Now thirty of them have made an ap- plication to the Government asking Fruits of a Boys' School for permission to build a schooL"

ENGI,ISH Baptist missionaries in A West African Opportunity Africa are now rejoicing in the achit'vements of the graduates of their FOUR hundred and sixty-two miles schools, and are recalling the early from IJagos is the little town of days, when it was difficult to per- Minna in which the Sudan Interior suade the people that the object of the Mission has been working for several missionaries in caring for the boys in years. Here a spacious mission buildschool was not to sell them later as ing has been erected as this is a censlaves. F. ,V. Savidge writes from tral station and many missionaries South Lushai: "Among our 'old pass through Minna to and from their boys' now are sub-assistant surgeons, work. Here, too, the Niger Press does compounders, preachers, teachers, its great work of sending out the evangelists, overseers of the Public Scriptures in many different lan- Works Department, road-surveyors, guages. In Minna there aresevel'al carpenters, tailors, blacksmiths, cobblers, book-binders, soldiers, government clerks, language-interpreters and many others, and almost all of these without exception are Christians. I

canteens and a number of Europeans THE NEAR EAST live here. Owing to its being a railway junction a number of trains pass A. B. C. F. M. in Turkey up and down the line each day, and to anyone who has been living in the WITH the reopening of its stations ,,Bush, " Minna is a wonderful place in Turkey, closed because of the of civilization! 'rhe inhabitants are 'Vodd War and the destruction of the mostly Hausa speaking. There is a Armenian population, the American large market which affords good op- Board is entering upon a new phase portunities for preaching to mission- of its work. 'rhe annual report of the aries who can speak this language. Board says of it: "Not institutions The people are always glad to welcome but personal relationships are the the white teacher to their own com- means; not classroom inst,ruction but pounds, and they listen attentively to personal friendliness is the method; his message. But besides the Hansas llot converts to Christianity but those there are representatives of at least who will follow .Jesus' way of life other twelve tribes. 'rhese facts are are the fruitage of missionary toil. stated by the Evangelical Christian It is not wise to try to tabulate results, as the basis of an appeal for a man but those who are in closest touch "rith to offer himself as pastor of the the present methods of the missiollchurch. ary in Turkey are enthusiastic over the prospects. The International Col- After Ninety Years in Natal lege at Smyrna is filled to capacity, and the Christians among its students THE first missionaries sent by the and teachers, with the approval of the American Board to Africa estab- authorities, meet for daily prayers lished themselves in Natal and began and Sunday service. Closed for some a work for the Zulu people which has months by the Gove,rnment, St. Paul's continued uninterrupted for ninety College, Tarsus, reopened. Five other years. The results of this missionary missionary schools are crowded with effort have been unusually great. A Turkish pupils to a number never exstrong and virile A'frican tribe has, ceeded before. Each pupil is the open largely through the influence of the door to a Moslem home, and friendmissionaries, been brought to a place liness is daily mo;re general and more of Christian leadership in South Af- genuine. " rica. The native Church has its own council and largely administers its Turks Suspect Y. M. C. A. own affairs; and if it had not been for the multiplication or problems THE new "Turkish – American due to a rapidly advancing civiliza- Clubs," which Asa K. Jennings, a tion this native Church might already former Y. M. C. A. secretary, had set have been entirely independent. Aside out to organize were described in the from the salaries and expenses of the August REVIEW. It was then stated missionaries the appropriations of the that Mr. Jennings had the confidence Board amount to less than $10,000 a of the Turkish leaders, but the latest year, while the amounts coming from report indicates that some Turks at local sources, including corporations least are growing anxious OVer the and the Government, amount to over purpose of these clubs. A Constanti- $145,000 annually. Not a small pro- nople newspaper recently stated: portion of this local support is given to the social· work in Johannesburg. Since religion and politics have been It is almost impossible to overestimate separated ill Turkey, these fanatical Protthe unique opportunity presented by estants, working like people trying to save the thousands of heathen native Af- valuables from fire, have become inimical to ricans gathered in the compounds of our existence.• The Turkish Republic does the gold mines on the Rand. not deny freedom ill religious convictions, but, for all that, it does not intend to make room for religious propaganda. But we know that the Y. M. C. A., under whatever veil it may appear, is a sort of dervishism which first makes friends and then wins fol-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

lowers. Every American school is a shrine Pahlevi, Premier and former Miniswhere Ghrist's songs are snng. The ability of the members of the organization is so ter, but earlier still a private soldier great that the young minds fall a prey to in the Cossack army, seems to be a them as the fly is caught in the web. man of very different type. He is of very humble origin, both in ancestry Cooperation in Palestine and education. His father was a I."~MEN and women of the Jewish farmer, which means that Reza Khan faith from every corner of could not obtain in his chlldhood even Europe and America have joined to- an elementary education. Before the gether to establish what they frankly World War Persia had come under label a 'cooperative commonwealth' the joint control of Great Britain and similar to that set up by the leaders Russia, bnt the latter's hold slipped because of its own upheaval. Reza of the chosen people millenniums ago," Khan saw his opportunity, and his says the All-American Cooperative rise to power was rapid. He has been Commission in describing the efforts virtual dictator since February, 1921, of Zionists in rebuilding Palestine: 'rhe main economic instrument in the using many methods which have led Palestine of the Zionists is to be the some to call him "the Mussolini of cooperative guild, which has already Persia." The first act of "King" attained significant results. In Sa- Pahlevi, the name assumed by Reza maria, Judea and Galilee there are Khan after the Shah was deposed, more than 50 workers' land settle- was to order the liberation of all po- litical prisoners, grant amnesty to the ments with 2,500 tillers working to- former Shah, members of the late gether cooperatively. Eight unions of dynastic family, and members of the 5,000 building trades workers are royal household, who will be penbanded together in a National Building Guild which owns its own quarries sioned. The new ruler also ordered and contracts on work, with a busi- that the price of bread be reduced ness already amounting to $4,000,000. through government subsidy.

The General Federation or Jewish Jjabor has also constituted a Workers' INDIA, SIAM AND MALAYSIA Fund to build up producers' coopera- Gandhi on Race Hatred T tives. Twenty shops have been set HE address delivered by Gandhi at the meeting of the Calcutta up, giving work to 400 operatives. Consumers' cooperation is carried on Christian Missionary Conference in by a suhsidiary of the Federation, and July is quoted on page 34 of this' now handles an annual turnovp-r of issue. An Indian writer in the $600,000. Three town clinics and 34 Christian Patriot has recently profarmers' clinics are established on a tested vigorously against what he cooperative basis, maintaining a well- calls "the unique spectacle of Chrisappointed sanitarium. On the edu- tians letting themselves be preached cational side everything from kinder- to by a staunch, out-and-out Hindu gartens to lectures is conducted like Gandhi." During his stay in cooperatively. Eighty-five branch Calcutta numerous speeches on both libraries with 30,000 volumes supply political and social questions were reading matter for the farm and labor made by Gandhi, and the paper pubcooperators. lished by the Oxford Mission to Cal- A Mnssolini for Persia cutta quotes one on race hatred as follows: "The world is weary of it; THE deposition of the young Shah we see that the song of hatred has not of Persia by an overwhelming vote benefited humanity. Let it be the of the National Assembly has been privilege of India to turn a new leaf reported in the newspapers and stories and set a lesson to the world. Is it have been told of his extravagant and necessary th.at 300,000,000 of people dissipated life in Paris. Reza Khan in India should hate 100,000 English-

men Y In my humble opinion it is de- Vidha Vivah Sahayalc Sabha, an 01'- rogatory to the dignity of mankind, ganization richly endowed by Sir it is derogatory to the dignity of India Ganga Ram for promoting the marto entertain for one single moment riage of high-caste Hindu widows. hatred towards Englishmen." Mr. This excellent society is achieving Gandhi himself, says the editor, "sets notable success in the work that it is a golden example in this respect. He undertaking. In 1922, 452 widow thinks he Ms just reason for hating marriages were solemnized under its the English rule in this country, but auspices. In 1923 the number rose to he carefully distinguishes between do- 892 and in 1924 to 1,603. During the ing so and hating the whole ruling first half of 1925 the number reported race, or even the actual rulers. On is 1,020. Brahmins and Kshatriyas the contrary he has among them many are most numerous in the cases rewarm friends." corded. During 1924, 160 inter-caste widow marriages were solemnized by The Scudder Family in India the Sabha's representatives. We re- joice in the relaxation of caste con- THE recent death of Mrs. John sciousness, and of the proof which it Scudder of the Arcot Mission in affords of the freedom of the Society's South India of the Reformed Church paid representatives from rigid caste in America, after sixty-four years of prejudice, but we hope that the main missionary service, has reminded work of the Society will not be jeopmany of the remarkable record of the ardized with overzealous propaganda Scudder family, the fourth generation for inter-caste marriages. The lot of of which is now connected with the thel child widow is one of the most Arcot Mission. The first John Scud- appalling in the world and an organider, M.D., reached India in 1819 and zation that has proven its ability to served in Calcutta, .Jaffna, Madura promote the rescue of these innocent and ~radras. All his seven sons victims of an ancient abomination served in the Arcot Mission. In the should be very careful not to fritter past one hundred years, twenty-five away its strength on anything less of his children and grandchildren vital to human welfare." have been missionaries in various foreign lands. When the Dr. John Scud- OOlllDlnnity House in Bombay der whose widow has just died went from Boston to India in an ice ship in THE Marathi Mission, in facing the 1861, the trip took four months. He new industrialism which is develdied twenty-five years ago, and she is oping factory life in India and caussurvived by their five sons and one ing a rapidly increasing inflow from daughter-the three eldest being in country districts to the cities, is ad- America and the three youngest in dressing itself to the changing condithe Arcot MissiQn; namely, Rev. Hen- tions, by seeking to promote the social ry J. Scudder of Punganur, Rev. applications of Christianity, and par- 'Walter T. Scudder of Tindivanam ticularly through organized commuand Dr. Ida S. Scndder, Principal of nity service. By gifts from America, the Women's Medical College in Vel- amounting to something over $50,000, lore. Two of her grandchildren and to be matched, it is hoped, by a similar a great-nephew are also at work in amount which has been promised from India. funds held by some broad-minded Indian philanthropists, first steps Hindu Widows Remarrying have been taken towards erecting a community house on the mission com- SOCIAL service work in which pound in ByculIa, Bombay, where it Christians are unable to take an is planned to provide a center for the active part but which, according to life and activity particularly of young The Indian Witness, "deserves their men coming into the city from uphearty good will, is being done by the

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

country Christian centers; also not the first case, the Jteathen parents of less to open to them Christian lines of a village boy reported that when dy- work for their people in Bombay, that ing he was singing to himself a little may tend to safeguard them from the hymn that the Christian teacher had temptations and demoralizing associa- taught him. Of the other she says: tions of the big city. The enterprise "One day the way home from a dis- is to be largely under the direction tant village lay through some rice of Rev. Alden H. Clark, formerly of and ragi fields. Women coolies were Ahmednagar, who received the degree planting out young ragi from the of D.D. from Amherst, his Alma nursery beds, and were singing as Mater, last .Tune. they worked, as is the custom out here.

But the listeners' ears were arrested Ma.ss Move_eDt in TiDDevelly by hearing a familiar Telugu Chris- A CHRISTIAN mass movement of tian hymn instead of an unseemly outcastes is reported from Tin- song in praise of some god. There nevelly, the southernmost district' of Madras Presidency, where the Church were fifteen women at work, and one Missionary Society is at work. The seemed to be the leader. She sang a Diocese of rrinnevelly consists of 120,- line, and the others all repeated it after her in unison. Enquiries elicit- 000 Christian!), scattered over ninetY'- ed the information that this woman one pastorates-a term which is used had learned several hymns from a to describe not one congregation, but missionary on tour some fifteen or an area over which there is one pas- twenty years ago."

tor. He may have from four to ten communion centers and many villages Christian Shrin'e in Puri in his parish, and he works through AN experiment defined as "an atcatechists. There are about 100 Tamil tempt to present the Gospel on aud only six European clergy in tlhe more indigenous lines" has been cardiocese, which is largely self-govern- ried on for a few months in the city ing. It is also almost self-supporting. of Puri, Bengal, where the famous For every shilling that the home so- temple of Jagganath is located. A cieties give, the Church in Tinnevelly writer in the Indian Standard thus gives at least three. The diocese sup- describes it: ' ,We have a room in ports its own pastors, about 100 in the bazaar-a room daily passed by number, and has built eighty-nine the pious and impious alike on their way to Puri's sacred tank of Norenchurches of stone or brick in the last ten years. T:he Tamil is a very gen- dra. Here we consecrated our shrine. erous giver. He loves his Church. He The only furniture isa picture of the may be abroad, for he is a great ad- Crucifixion with it low altar in front venturer, but he always sends home of it, and on the far side a low readhis church contributions, and he is an ing-stool and such copies of the shasinsatiable church-builder. Some of the tras as best befit the devotional mood. Tinnevelly churches are as large and Neither shoes nor chairs are allowed as beautiful as the great parish churches of England. Bishop Tubbs inside, and the floor is covered with ;ays that one day they will build a mats. Here, then, is our place of cathedral, and it will doubtless be one of the architectural features of South devotion. Every evening our guru, India. Rl}v. B. C. Sircar, M.A., of the Na- tional Council of the Y. M. C. A.., who has s() long advocated this line of ChristiaD Hymns Reme_bered approach, performs the puja (wor- ship). Gongs are set ringing, the in- TWO instances of the unexpected cense symbolic of unuttered prayer influence of Christian hymns are rises in a cloud, songs are sung, pray- In described by Mrs. Horton, of the Cey- ers are offered. 'l'be puja over, the lon and India General Mission. lights flicker, the incense dies away,

and there in the quiet of meditation, spirit, and it would remove many hinsometimes an hour, sometimes long in- drances to evangelistic efforts in the to the night, we sit one or two or fnture, and no one would ever again three, and remember Christ." dare to say that you are the spies of your governments or the advance Illiteracy in Java guards of imperialism. Such action on your part would completely re- I LLITERACY 8till prevails among move the opposition of the anti-Chris- ninety-:!ive per cent of the 35,000,- tian movement." 000 people of .Java, and less than 900,000 pupils are provided with in- A Bible Verse Each Sunday struction, the amount spent for education annually being less than THE effort.s during the past ten £80,000 sterling. At the meeting in months of an evangelistic group of August last, where missionaries of all thirteen Chinese Christians, trained Java were in council, it was estimated in the Bible Institute at Changsha, that the total of literates for Java Hunan Province, have led to the was as follows: One million who read founding of ten churches. Rev. Frank Malay, one. and one-half million who Keller writes: •• The Christians in read Javanese, 400,000 Sundanese this district know something of what readers, an.d 200,000 Madurese read- it means to sacrifice and to suffer for ers. Dutch is becoming more known their religion. It is not an uncommon among all educated Javanese. Today thing for old women to walk five, ten sixteen societies work on the Island of or in some cases even fifteen miles in Java and have 456 missionaries in the order to attend the services on Sun- Dutch East Indies. 'Fhe methods fol- day. VVhen they reach the church lowed are practically the same as in they do not expect to be entertained other mission fields, with the excep- with a flowery sermon or to hear a tion of the establishment of Christian professional choir, but they come to villages by the development of land study their Bibles. For most of them and virgin forest under grant of the the study is of a simple but intensely Dutch Government. By this method profitable nature, cong,isting of memothe Dutch missionaries were able to rizing a golden verse each Lord's day. protect their converts and give them In this way many who have formerly educational advantages in a center of not known a single character have social and spiritual life. learned to read their New Testaments with a fair degree of readiness, and CHINA it is the regular thing for the Chris- tians to be able to repeat all the verses Dell1and :frODl Che:foo Christians they have learned, which, of course, after several years of study, number AN open letter to the American several hundred." Presbyterian missionaries in Shantung Province, w h i c h was A Living Testill10ny signed by five hundred Chinese Christians, called upon them to "make a Fu GIN D.JANG is the leading righteous manifestation" on the sub- evangelist and preacher of the Kiaject of the Shanghai incident, and ting district of the West China Bapstated: "There is now a splendid op- tist Mission, though hi'> home is in a portunity to enable you to express city in the Yachow District. Rev. your love for the Chinese and to dem- Archibald G. Adams writes of him onstrate that you are strictly opposed in Missions: "He is a living testito political aggression and to such mony to the power of the Gospel, ruthless and inhumane procedure. To having been saved from an opium adact in this way would not only be the dict's grave about ten years ago. He means of spreading the Gospel widely, was well educated under the old but everyone wcmld be compelled to Chinese system and has been urged respect your character and Christian

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

several times by his feUow citizens to Moslems were permitted to live within be the mayor of their city. He has the city walls. Some years ago land preaohed the Gospel for about eight for a Moslem hospital was acquired in years, part of the time in Yachow and coilllection with the Borden Memorial in Chengtu, the capital of West China. Hospital, and some special gifts were He has a happy disposition, and is en- received last year, enabling us to put thusiastic and sincere in his work. He up some wards, a chapel, a dispensary, has experienced the power of the Gos- and a house for the staff. We still pel to save, and daily finds inspiration lack about a thousand dollars to com- and help in God 's Word. He has plete the scheme"

attracted a lot of friends to the church and maintains tlhe largest regular Prayer for Language Teaehers U Bible study class we have known in p to a few months ago out of fifty teachers in the language school the local church. He is outspoken against evil, and has suffered no little at Nanking, China, only two or three persecution for righteousness' sake. were Christians-and even those two Moreover he has an unusual conscien- or three had not joined the church. tiousness in money matters. Though The class of missionary pupils was entitled to the middleman's fees in distressed. It seemed to the newthe recent purchase of our church comers that here at hand was their property he· contributed aU to the first work, but their inability to talk church, setting a splendid and un- with their instructors because of the heard-of precedent for the future. handicap of language seemed almost Withal he has an attractive spirit of unsurmountable. They decided, 'howgenuine humility and the influence of ever, to pray for the conversion of his Christian character and leadership their Chinese teachers. One of the is deepening and widening in the best older missionaries held a service with sense. " the teachers every Monday morning, and while he was holding this service, Hospital for Chinese Moslems the new missionaries and the other DR. GEORGE E. KING, of the " old" missionaries in their chapel Borden Memorial Hospital at service at the same time concentrated Lanchowfu, Kansu Province, China, thought and prayer on the teachers. writes that, as the provincial capital The result was that twenty-five of and "the mart and exchange for the them have signed decision cards and millions of Kansu," Lanchow was the asked for Christian baptism.-The right place for the Borc.en Hospital. Continent.

"On the other hand," he continues, "Lanchow is mainly a Chinese city, Mongolian LalIlB B Seeker T the country around it is Chinese, and WO workers of the China Inland Mission visited a Tibetan lamasery, the real Moslem center of influence is Hochow, sixty miles to the southwest. and one of them writes: "Two months Hochow is often called the 'Mecca' later a young lama walked into the of Chinese Moslems, but it lacks the Kanchow compound with the request veneration of a sacred city. It is that he might have some of our books rather a Damascus, full of influential in the Tibetan language. He told us Moslems; or a Constantinople, a seat that a Mongolian Prince had met him of Moslem government; or perhaps a and told him to come here, ask for Cairo, the educational center of Chi- some books and see Dr. Kao, who nese Mohammedanism. In Hochow, would tell him some wonderful things.

work for Chinese and Tibetans is car- From Mongolia he had passed over to ried on by the Rev. C. F. Snyder, of Kanglung Lamasery. There he found the Christian and Missionary Alli- the people reading Tibetan gospels.

ance. The Moslem center is in the Being a scholar of some renown, he south suburb, because till recently no had been appealed to for an explana-

tion of the conteIts. 'The more I printed word, which has gone on beread the more I knew t.hese to be true forelhand, will to some extent have words,' he said. 'l'hen he earnestly prepared the minds of the people to added: 'Is your religion for such receive the Cospel." people as I ~ , For several days he spent many hours on the mission com- JAPAN-KOREA pound, reading, listening and asking questions. This young lama from Democratic Tendency in Japan Mongolia is one for whose conversion we pray. His scholarship and knowl- OF the five "Elder Statesmen" of edge of lllany 'l'ibetan dialects, Mon- Japan, only Prince Saionji is golian and Chinese, his alert intelli- still living, and he is eighty-four. For gence and inquiring mind, maxk him a little while after the death of the as a man who might well be an evan- next to the last of them, Marquis gelist to his own people." Okuma, two years ago, the Privy Council was the real authority in Tibetan Gospel Inn Japan. The Council was composed of great men in public life and members F HOM Siningfu, Kansu Province, of the House of Peers. But a month Mr. Learner of the China Inland or two ago, when the presidency and Mission w.rites of this institution: vice-presidency of the Council were to "The place has been well filled al- be filled, instead of appointing polimost all along. Hundreds of Tibetans ticians and aristocrats, the Governhave thus come within the sound of ment selected two professors from the the Gospel, who otherwise would never University of Tokyo, men who were have heard it. This 'ever open door' not politicians in any sense, although is a great attraction, and our Tibetan one of them, Dr. Okano, had served visitors cannot understand why it is as Minister of Justice, and Baxon that we take so much trouble in see- Hozumi, the new president, is the ing to their comfort when they come ablest international lawyer in Japan, and visit us. Some are still horribly seycral times proposed as president afraid, and more than once I have of The Hague Tribunal. "The apseen our Tibetan evangelist standing pointments mean," says Christian at the door trying to persuade the Work, "that the Council will in time Tibetans to come and receive our free become what it always nominally has hospitality. Gradually opposition is becn-a place for recommendations to being lived down, fear is being the Throne after expert examination changed to friendship, and one by of proposed laws. They also mean one the barriers are being removed. that Japan is accepting for good and There is a great change coming over all the principle of party government the people, and they are being won which Mr. Hara, the first commoner by love. In the course of a yea,r thou- Prime Minister of Japan, put into sands of gospels and other religious force five years ago." books are being scattered among the people, and not a few are carried Moral Problems in Japan across the frontier, for Siningfu is only a day's journey from the ethno- DR. NORMAN, a Canadian missiongraphical border wall. Who knows ary in Nagano, writes of the inwhere these books go T It is certain creasing strength of the moral reform that many of them travel hundreds of and prohibition movements in Japan, miles, and one has heard of some even but goes on to say: "The licensing landing in the 'Forbidden City,' of prostitution is becoming more and Lhasa. The time is coming and per- more a live question in Japan. Last haps is not very far distant when fall petitions signed by over six thouthere will be a great awakening among sand adults were presented to the govthese daxk heathen people. The ernor of this province asking for the abolition of the system. The Governor replied that he did not think public

NEWS FROM MA~ry LANDS

opinion was sufficiently advanced yet fare Association, to which both Japa- for such a step. A month ago there nese and foreigners belong. About was a convention of brewers and dis- seven hundred prospective suicides tillers in our city. They distributed have come to the home provided for literature telling of the good things them where they may stay until they connected with drink, they held pub- are ready to face life again. She had lic meetings here and in a neighboring also taken in fallen girls and led them city, and some of them got drunk, back to the right way. Many of those evidently thinking that, as example is better than precept, they should whom she has helped have become earnest Christians, and the number of give examples of what drinking will these is daily increasing.

do. One thing that struck me was that the brothel keepers and the What a Japanese Bishop A.k.

brewers used the same arguments. ONE of the speakers at the recent Both admitted that their business was General Convention of the Protbad, but they said this evil has always estant Episcopal Church was Rt. Rev. existed and the best way to deal with J. S. Motoda, D.D., Ph.D., Bishop of it is by license and government con- Tokyo. On the subject of the relatrol. " tions between the two countries he A "New God" in Japan said: "We as a nation trust the Christianeommunity of the United J E. COURSAR, JR., writes in the States, rely upon you, we depend • Presbyterian Survey that the upon you, for the solution of this citizens of his town in Japan have re- most difficult problem. We all know cently "manufactured a new god." that you can do it and we all know He tells of a half-witted man who that you are the only set of people "seemed to have no f,riends or kins- who can do it. We have said what people, and lived a vagabond sort of we have to say, we have said it all, existence, picking up scraps of food now we keep ourselves quiet, we will wherever he could find them, sleeping not say anything, simply depend upon wherever night happened to overtake you in the solving of the problem."

him, and dressing himself in the rags Later in his address he made this that kindly disposed people gave him. striking statement: He had, however, one trait which We all know that our Lord, Jesus Christ, made him popular with everyone. He is an Eastern man, not Western man. He was kind to children. Soon after his belongs to us, but you got Him. Now we death a movement was started to raise funds with which to erect an image ask you to return Him to us. In returning and a shrine for him. Already num- Him I sincerely hope you will come yourbers of people are worshiping him and praying to him." selves with Him; in that way not only Japan, all Asia might be Christianized so that, hand in hand with the Western breth· ren, we can attain the peace of the Whole world and the happiness of the whole man- kind.

Would-be Suicides Rescued ~~WAlT a moment! God is love. Korean Budget for Mission.

If you must die, come and see THE General Assembly of the Presme first." Thus reads a sign, set in byterian Church of Korea (made a prominent place in a beautiful spot up of all the Presbyterian bodies at near Kobe, .Japan, which has long been work in that country) adopted at its a favorite place for people to commit last meeting a budget of nearly $9,000 suicide. This sign is one of five, kept for its foreign missionary work. This illuminated at night, which were is always an item of outstanding inplaced at different points near Kobe terest to the Assembly. Last year it in 19]9 by a Japanese Christian, Mrs. was decided to separate the bona fide Nobuko Jo. Her work has been sup- foreign mission work, which is being ported by the Kobe Women's Wel- done for Chinese in Shantung, China,

from that done for expatriated graphic Society says: "The Bible Koreans in Siberia, Japan, Peking, was translated into a made-to-order Nanking, Shanghai, etc., and a home written :Maori language in 1820, and mission board was created to take by the middle of the century the over that work. Three Korean pastors former savages were pretty generally are working in Shantung, China, sup- Christianized, at least superficiallf' ported entirely by the Korean Church. Then came the wars with the whites They have under their charge nearly in the 60 'so Bitterness was en- 1,000 Chinese Christians, of whom gendered, and many fell away from over 600 are baptized. There are the white man's religion. The losses twelve churehes, eleven boys' schools at that time have never been comand two girls' schools, with nearly pletely made up, it is said. Al- 400 pupils. A self-supporting Korean though numerous individual Maoris doctor, graduate of Severance Med- have made good in trade and in the ical College, works with them. For professions, the Maoris as a whole still the new home board a budget of about constitute a problem in New Zealand. $3,000 was adopted. They are keenly intelligent and easily follow the ordinary school courses; ISLANDS OF THE SEA but their learning is not always help- ful to them. A great many youths A Jubilee in the South Seas and girls, after an excellent schooling, revert to primitive life in the vil- AUSTRALIA..t'l" Methodists have lages. " been celebrating the fiftieth anr niversary of the beginning of their Indian Teacher in Fiji missionary work in the islands of the western Pacific. The 39,000 Chris- THE problem created in the Fiji tians who are the fruit of that work Islands by the presence of about have joined in the jUbilee. The native 60,000 Indians – nearly half of the Church of New Britain, in an address population-was referred to in the of welcome to the Australian repre- September REVIEW, and it was then sentatives, said: stated that Hakim Din, a Christian teacher, had gone from the Punjab to We are a happy people today, happy be- take charge of a school conducted by eause for us now shines the L'ght of Christ Australian Methodists, in Lautoka. A . . . happy too because of the treasured missionary of the United Presbyterian memory of Talatala Doctor Brown, our first Church writes of this man: great earthly comforter, who came to us fifty years ago, came from out the far lands It means much for an Indian to go aud to teach us to know the Word of the Father live so far from home, but Mr. Hakim Din . . . There are some few of us here today is a man of big timber, and is not hesitating. who remember Dr. Brown; there is none He has risen up from the humble community who does not know his name; a name that for whose interests he has since given him· has been so often hear d, spoken in soft self, and he has not stopped with any halftones of love and sadness, by our fathers as way attainment. His collegiate work was they sat around the village fires of a night. taken in our college in Rawalpindi aud in We, too, we younger ones shall pass on that the Presbyterian college in Lahore, then his name until it shall shine as a giant star in postgraduate degree of bachelor of teaching our earthly history. in the Government Training College. After that he was enlisted for some years in the Maoris· of New Zealand Y. M. C. A. for war work overseas, and be- fore he came back to India he went to Lon· T HESE people have made extraor- don and took further teacher training in dinary progress in recent years. one of the best institutions there. A century ago they were almost savages, and on certain ceremonial Sialkot city always has been his. home. occasions actually indulged in canni- It was here that he grew up and attended balistic feasts. Today there are among school, here that he rendered unusually faiththem numerous capable doctors, law- ful and efficient service in the Christian yers, merchants, farmers, ranchmen 'l'raining Institute, here as an administrator. and holders of university degrees. A as a teacher, as a counsellor, and as a friend, bulletin issued by the National Geo- that he filled an extraordinarily large place, uot only with teachers and students, but in the community at large.

MISSJ[ONARY

Bolivar, Liberator of Venezuela, Colombia, limitations and, in some respects, to Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia. Henry Rowan the lack of critical and unbiased judg- Lemly. 452 pages. 1 map. 22 illustra- ments of these national writers. This tions. $4.00. Bo,;ton. 1923. picture of the Liberator will help to fill a vacancy in historical and bio- "South of the Rio Grande, every graphical literature of the period; but man, woman and child knows who was the ideal and enduring biography of Washington. Surely we should not Bolivar is yet to be written. be ignorant of one whom Henry Clay ealled . The Washington of South w. R. W. America.' "

Thus Major H. R. Lemly, some time Modern Miilsions on the Spanish Main. By director of the National Military School at Bogota, a former colonel in w. Reginald Wheeler and Webster E. the Colombian Army and a retired Browning. Iilustrations, map, xii, 334 officer of the L'nited States Army, pp. Philadelphia: Westminster Press. writes in the preface of his biography $2.75. 1925. of Simon Bolivar. There have been many lives of Bolivar in Spanish but Early in 1923 a secretary ,and a this is the first book in English which prominent South American missionattempts to record in detail the career ary of the Presbyterian Board went to of one who has been called "the investigate its Ulissions in Colombia greatest personality of the heroic age and Venezuela. This popular report of South America." of that visit is somewhat technical and yet contains enough geographical, his- Major Lemly tells of the rise of torical, sociological and religious ma- Bolivar to the command of the revo- terial to enable the reader to picture lutionary armies in Yenezuela and to the envhl-onment and understand the the practical dictatorship over the problems connected with the work. Caribbean colonies of 'Spain. He points out some of the difficulties The account shows clearly the large which the South American patriots relative place. of the Presbyterian had to combat in their war of inde- work in these two republics and rependence, difficulties which, in many veals the educational and evangelistic ways, were even greater than those results that have come despite the lamentably imperfect equipment and which the American colonies faced in inadequate force of workers. their war with England. "The territory wbich became free as the result Chapter 17 will surprise those who of the war between Spain and her have thought of Colombia as a leadcolonies was about seven times as large ing Latin American Republic in its as the territory conceded to the United educational program for Mr. Wheel- States by the treaty of 1783." er's statistics show that the results are disappointing, with only ·358,9.28 Major Lemly has given in detail a pupils and students enrolled in its description of the various campaigns schools and higher institutions. The in which Bolivar took part and many percentage of Colombians who are of the addresses of Bolivar are given illiterate and illegitimate is very in translation. If any criticism is to high. In Venezuela, also, the official census places its illiteracy at eighty be made of the book, it would be that per cent, while other publications it follows too closely the South Amer- make it still higher. In the two reican sources and is subject to the publics these figures and other facts 77

fully justify the Presbyterian em- came into close contact with Moslems . phasis of educational work. One re- in Palestine and Arabia while engaged grets that, in addition to the detailed in medical work. He loves them and estimate of equipment needed for a seeks to lead others to understand five-year program, there is not also a them and to seek their conversion to strong appeal and an equally detailed Christ.

estimate of the missionary force re- An Outline of the Religion of Islam. H. W. Weitbrecht Stanton. Pamphlet. 49 quired. H. P. B. pp. ld. London. 1925.

Sidelights on the Crisis in India. Letters .ueginners, who seek to understand by H. Harcourt. 12mo. 118 pp. $1.25. Islam, will find here a short and ex- New York and London. 1924.

In an Indian civilian's letters to an ceptionally clear and helpful study of Indian friend and the latter's replies the origin, sources, doctrines, observ- we see pictured the present crisis in ances and effects of this religion, to- India. The author is a retired civil gether with statements of modern service man of twenty-five years' ex- changes and results of the contact of perience who has a warm regard for the Gospel with Islam. It is an excel- India and Indians, and a clear knowl- lent introduction.

edge of conditions. It is worth while An African Church in Building. Rt. Rev. to read his views on British Law and J. J. Willis of Uganda. 8vo. 118 pp. Administration, Religion, Gandhi, 28 Ga. London. 1925. Women, Education, etc. The jubilee of the Uganda Mission The Sunday School and the Healing of the of the C. M. S. makes this volume of Nations. Edited by John T. Faris. 12mo. especial interest at this fiftieth anni- 270 pp. New York. 1925. versary of Henry M. Stanley's letter to the Daily Telegraph, the event that The W orId's Sunday School Con- led to the rounding of the mission. vention at Glasgow in 1924 brought Bishop Willis, in well-chosen lantogether from fifty-four countries, guage, tells of the spiritual church 2,693 delegates, including a notable that has grown up there and of its body of Christian teachers whose ad- marvelous beauty and strength. Read dresses and discussions are here re- the story to see how God has wrought. ported. The world-wide infiuence of the Sunday-school, the progress made and the program for the future is here Bits of China. Christine I. Tinling. 12mo. recorded. Many stimulating ad- 220 pp. $1.50. New York. 1925.

dresses were given on prohibition, A traveler often notes. many things stewardship, the Sabbath, teacher that those of long residence in a countraining, lesson making and the su- try miss. Miss Tinling (whose name premacy of Christ. The book lacks an sounds Chinese but is not) traveled index. The statistics reported show for three years in China organizing a total enrollment of 32,677,611 temperance societies for the Woman's teachers and pupils in 347,001 Chris- Christian Temperance Union. She tian Sunday-schools of the world- saw much besides intemperance and two thirds of them in North America. women and, having a gifted pen, de- scribes many things that are inform- Islam and Its Need. W. Norman Leak. ing and entertaining-Shanghai with Pamphlet. 6d. London. 1925. its foreign and Chinese quarters; Here is an excellent statement as to Nanking, with the Ming tombs and the history, distribution, beliefs, prac. pulsing student life; a river trip up tices, ideals and characteristics of the Yangtze on a Chinese boat; Islam and its followers, with short Peking, the capital, with its schools, chapters on the contact of Islam with missions and politicians; Kiukiang, Christianity, methodij of approacih and with its teachers' institute; Canton, the effect of the war. The author . with its boat people, market, insane asylum and Christian college; Chung- the superhuman character of Chrisking, a great western walled city of tianity. Szechuan, and Chengtu, with its modern Christian university. Miss Stories of Great Hymns of the Church. Tinling vividly pictures the opium Silas H. Paine. 12mo. 795 pp. $3.00. evil, the oddities and discomforts of Montelair, N. J. 1925. travel, exciting experiences of fire and bandits and the encouraging re- A former officer of the Standard Oil sults of mission work. Company and an officer in Broadway Tabernacle, New York, rendered a Ben and Kit. M. E. Drewsen. 12mo. 104 useful service to many pastors and pp. Is 3d net. Glasgow. 1925. other workers by gathering stories concerning eight hundred and five American Christians are prone to great Christian hymns. forget the home mission problems of England. This little story of the Later Evangelistic Sermons. W. E. Bieder- London waifs gives a glimpse of the wolf. 12mo. 125 pp. 75 cents.· Chicago. darkness and of the Light that is shin- 1925. ing in "Darkest England." Eleven wrmons on faith, life, sin, Life Story of David Livingstone. J. J. Ellis. salvation, and God's love have been 12mo.. 64 p~. Is net. Glasgow. 1925. used to save and transform hundreds of men and women. They are biblical This biography of one of the and gripping. "Mighty Men" of missionary annals is brief, cheap and poorly printed but Die Herren der Erde. (The Lords of the it gives the main incidents of the Earth.) Ferdinand Brockes. 385 pp. hero's life and the lessons taught. C. Ed. MiilIer. Halle, Germany. 1923.

A Nature Mystic's Clue. Dwight Goddard. This, a "romance of future days," 8vo. 281 pp. $2.00. 1925. as it is called by the author, is an in- In the story of the son of a Canadian woodchopper and a school terpretation of Biblical passages bearteacher, the author gives his ideas of God, the soul, and of love as the" ulti- ing on the second coming of Christ. mate cosmic principle." Most missionary leaders of America, Dr. Fosdick's Book: A Review by I. M. Haldeman. 12mo. 116 pp. $1.00. Phila- Great Britain, and the Continent of delphia. 1925. Europe, will not accept the author's Clearly and candidly one famous Baptist preacher of New York dis- viewpoint that missions have ceased sects another famous Baptist preacher's lectures on "The ~fodern Use of for the Gentile ChristIan Church and the Bible, " pointing out their definite disagreements with the Bible and have become a part of the new task their logical rationalistic outcome. Dr. Fosdick asserts his loyalty to of the restored Israel after the great Christ as the Son of God, his belief in salvation through Him and his battle of the Christ and Anti-Christ, faith in immortality, while at the l>ame time he discredits the reliability and the casting out of Satan from this and authority of the Bible as a true record of Jesus' life, works and teach- world has been accomplished. The ings. Dr. Haldeman points out the inconsistency of these two positions whole romance is centered about the and the way that rationalism undermines faith in God's omnipotence and three cities of Moscow, Berlin and Constantinople, which latter city is regarded as the Babylon of Scripture prophecy. D. B.

The Gospel of John. A Handbook for Chris- tian Leaders. Benjamin W. Robinson. 275 pp. $2.25. New YorK. 1925.

The writer of this handbook holds that John the son of Zebedee, is not the author of this Gospel and that the" Disciple whom Jesus loved" was another John, a young disciple, not one of the twelve apostles. Dr. Robin- son believes that the author lived in Jerusalem, and though an eyewitness of the scenes described, was unfami- Divine Love; The Death of Christ; The Holy Spirit. The method is liar with Galilean topography. He topical, but the arrangement of ma- terial in each study is analytical. holds that this John later be- Thus Chapter IV traces through the references to Christ as the Life, up to came the preacher, at Ephesus and the climax at 20; 31.

that this Gospel was intimately con- The book is scholarly as well as practical. Care has been taken to nected with the life of his Ephesian give the most satisfactory readings of disputed passages. The author has converts, as for instance, the sixth definite opinions on exegetical ques- tions, but these are introduced only chapter which" consists of a talk that when they add interest and value to the study. Several of them are given John gave on communion day" (p. in footnotes, including some excellent discussions of New Testament Greek 140). He believes that the Gospel synonyms.

was published in completed form in Especial attention is directed to the chapter on the Holy Spirit, which 100 A.D., after the death of the forms a fitting climax. The book is readable and its great value lies in author; chapter 21 being an appen- its presentation of the standpoint of John himself in writing his Gospel. dix. o. R. S. Robinson stands squarely for the trustworthiness of the Gospel narra- tive though he does not assign the authorship to John the son of Zebedee -in spite of the weighty arguments advanced from the book itself by such scholars as Westcott and Sanday. He senses the spirituality of the book, and in some cases may be thought to over-emphasize it without denying the reality of its character. o. R. S.

The Leading Themes of the Gospel of John. The Hebrews Epistle in the Light of the W. E. Vine, M.A. 12mo. 141 pp. 28. Types. Sir Robert Anderson, K.C.B., net. Glasgow. 1924. LL.D. Hmo. 182 pp. Glasgow. 38, 6d.

The outstanding feature of this Bishop Westcott, in the 1892 edibook is the author's thorough appre- tion of his Commentary on the Epistle ciation of the purpose and construc- to the Hebrews, said; "The more I tion of the Gospel according to John. study the tendencies of the times in Without pausing to discuss critical some of the busiest centers of English problems, such as those of disarrange- life, the more deeply I feel that the ments in the contents of the Gospel, Spirit of God warns us of our most he points out that it has a "Divinely urgent civil and spiritual dangers arranged order" (p. 10); and a through the prophecies of Jeremiah reverent sense or its profundity is and the Epistle to the Hebrews." shown throughout. It is viewed as These words are quite as appropriate the revelation both of Christ's glories today. Sir Robert Anderson's timely and His grace, and each revelation is volume does not aim to be a comseen to be connected with a particular mentary on the Epistle, but rather to purpose of God for His children. The bring the light of the Old Testament question or authorship is not raised, types to bear upon it. He emphasizes the Gospel being allowed to testify to the importance of the Pentateuch, pointing out that the Christian revelaits own genuineness. tion is based on historic Judaism. The leading themes of the Gospel Of this Epistle he writes: "Its are concerned directly with Christ, purpose is not to tell how sinners may and with closely related subjects. be saved, but to unfold the infinite They include; The Prologue of the fulness there is in Christ for sinners Gospel; Christ as the Word; Christ who have obtained salvation." (p. as the Light; Christ as the Life; 126.) He sums up the thought of He- Christ, the Sent One; The Subject brews by saying that it "unfolds the of "Believing"; Witnesses to Christ;

that the divinely appointed Toto and' Sundri are like other inter-

esting boys and girls, but become shrine, with its divinely ordered Christians and finally enter Christian service. The last chapter is a list of ritual, and all its gorgeous furniture suggestions for teaching the six chap- ters in ~ix lessons. living and dead, were but the shadows NEW BOOKS of heavenly realities; and that, with Arnot of Africa (~issionary Lives for Chilthe coming of the Son of God, the dren). Nigel Grahame. 59 pp. 65 cents. George H. Doran Co. New York. 1925. morning of shadows was past, for the Moffat of Africa (Missionary Lives for light that cast them was now in the Children). Norman J. Davidson. 59 pp. 65 cents. George H. Doran Co. New zenith of an eternal noon." (pp. 38, York. 1925.

39.) Between Black and White. Henry Hugh Proetor. 189 pp. Congregation'al Pub- In discussing the problem of author- lishing Society or Pilgrim Press. Boston and Chicago. 1925. ship, two names are suggested-Luke Chrysanthemum. Mrs. Robert Gillies. 18 and Paul; others are said to be mere 6d. China Inland Mission. London. 1925.

conjectures. It is claimed that the Education of Christian Ministers in China. Samuel H. Leger. 118 pp. Union Theoauthor is Paul, speaking not as logical Seminary. Foochow, China. 1925.

Apostle to the Gentiles, but as the The Key to Faith. Michael O. Gershenson. Translated by Herman Frank. 156 pp. Messianic witness to Israel. A re- $1.50. Macmillan .co. New York. 1925.

semblance is pointed out between this Never Again: Everyland Stories. 200 pp. $1.50 each. Four copies, postp:ri-d; $5.00. Epistle and Paul's sermon to the Everyland Publishing Co. West Medford, Mass. 1925. Jews at Pisidian Antioch (Acts 13). Penny Object Lessons: 25 Lessons for 26 The author suggests that the last Cents. C. H. Woolston, Homer Rodeheaver and F. B. Lane. 25 cents. Rodeheaver chapter of Hebrews, which "sounds Co. Chicago an d Philadelphia. 1925.

like Paul," is a "covering letter" Peace on Earth-A Study for Today. Edited by Rhoda MeCulloch aud Margaret written to accompany the treatise. Burton. 144 Pl'. 30 cents. Central Com- mittee on the United Study of Foreign He thinks Paul may have had Luke Missions. West Medford, Mass. 1925.

for his amanuensis, and that this A Parent's Guide to Children's Reading. Mary Graham Bonner. 143 Pl" $1.75. partly accounts for the peculiarities Funk & Wagnalls Co. New York. 1925.

of style. Surveying Your Community: A Handbook of Method for the Rural Church. Ed· A glance at the table of contents mund de S. Brunner. 109 pp. $1.25. George H. Doran Co. New York. 1925. and the appendices suggests the Tales of Young Japan. Pie Series. Conscholarly character of the book which tributed by People Who Lived in Japan. 61 pp. Is. Church Missionary Society. shows careful study and a wide knowl- London. 1925.

edge of the Scriptures. The author's Art Blotters. Five in a set, in Art Envelopes: exegesis of specific passages is inter- 1. Prayer and Missions. 2. Little Fl'iends of All Lands. esting, though sometimes open to 3. The Me""ning of Christmas. 4. Union College Series (6 in a set). question. It is supported by frequent 5. Ginling College. 6. Isabella Thoburn College. appeals to the Greek. c. R. S. 25 cents a single set; $2.00 for 10 sets Negro Year Book-An Annual. 1925-1926. of one series; $15.00 for 100 sets of one Edited by Monroe N. Work. 520 pp. series; $65 for 500 sets of oue series. Maps and charts. $1.00, paper; $1.50, Mrs. T. J. Howells, 324 Spencer Avenue, boards. 1925. Cal'fick, Pittsburgh, Pa.

Every subject related to the Negro -statistical, political, physical, social, occupational, educational and religious-are dealt with concisely and in, telligently in this Year Book, edited by a Negro for the information of all races. Dr. 'Work of Tuskegee Institute shows the magnitude and importance of the problem and the progress that the American Negro is making. This is an excellent book of reference.

Toto and Sundri. Emma A. Robinson. 16 mO. 103 pp. Paper, 40 cents. 1922.

A story of a boy and girl of India in a Methodist mission school, with questions at the close of each chapter.

WITH DR

After a visit to South Africa in the interest of work for Moslems there Dr. Zwemer held Summer Conferences in Europe and returned to Cairo abont October 1st. Next year he w"il1 go to Mesopotamia and India. By your prayers and gifts you can help in this far-reaching work and can supply the much needed Christian Literature for Moslems.

Egypt Syria Russia China Morocco Palestine Persia Java Algiers Turkey India Sumatra Tunis Arabia Malaysia South Africa These countries are furnished with Christ's Message through The American Christian Literature Society for Moslems cooperating with the Nile Mission Press and with Interdenominational Comtnittees on the fields to give the Gospel Me!:sage through the printed page.

BOARD OF DIRECTORS William I. Chamberlain, Ph.D., President Dr. Robert E. Speer, Delavan L. Pierson. of New York. Vice Presidents Rev. S. M. Zwemer, D.D., Cairo, Honorary Field Secretary Rev. Ernest W .. Riggs Dr. Frank Mason North Mrs. William Borden Dr. William B. Anderson Mrs. William Bancroft Hill Mr. Fennell P. Turner Miss Anna A. Milligan Dr. John H. Raven Mrs. D. L. Pierson Send your contributions to MRS. E. E. OLCOTT, Treasurer, 322 West 75th Street, New York City.

Apply for information and literature to MRS. JAMES M. MONTGOMERY, Secre- tary, I West 72nd Street, New York City.

HOW DR. HOWARD KEllY Studies the Bible ~his great surgeon and scientist, honored by learned so- cieties in Europe and America as few men of our genera- tion, wrote last year his epoch-making testimony to the Old Faith. Now he will tell what his personal methods of daily Bible study have been for the past forty years, and how he digs treasures from the Word. This indescribably rich contribution will appear, early in 1926, exclusively in .

(I••ued every week) 0'"…~.

<).'0" 01- i~$Iune,aodnditthioen,InthteernTaitmioeJnacloUntnaiifnosrmno less than twelve lesson-helps in each …,." 111 Lessons, while a wealth of special THI! :0.<> 40 ~/ articles Oft Sunday-school methods, research in Bible lands, and SURAY SCHOOL " ~resent-day problems of Christian thought and life, o~e n~ C~::ANY 0'S.~· P.~Ip_ Pa unerdenominational, international journal almost indispensa- hie to the earnest Christian. Will you try it! Subscrip- .,;J".."..,<J Forthe25cenlsenclosed;lea;" tion rates 'If,2.00 a year, or $1. SO in clubs of five or more »rPi send The Sunday School Times copies, either to separate addresses or one address. ~~0~:1(; for 10 weeks to 2S cents, mailed with the coupon, will bring the . 0"<" Name ………….,………..,…….. , .paper to you for 10 weeks.

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The Missionary Review of the World — June 1925

CLASS FOR FOREIGN BOY'S AT KANNAPOLIS, NORTH

Deaf? A post-card Visit World Missions brings joy of in the Far Ea&t under the leadership of good hearing again Dr. Harlan P. Beach Amazing Invention enables deaf to Party sails from San Francisco Sept. hear instantly 26, 1925; returns to Boston March 9, 1926. Sent on Ten Days' Free Trial The outstanding institutions of all Some folks imagine that deafness is Iherely a denominations will be visited. Such a personal annoYance. But it's far more than tour will give you a grasp of World that. It ruins the disposition. Upsets the Missions not otherwise obtainable. nerves. And taxes the health. A Famous Missionary Statesman Now science baa proven it is needless to re- writes; "I know of no one eitfter in Amermain deaf. A remarkable little personal hear- ica 01" upon any other continent so well fitted ing aId bas been perfected by a group of to be the educational director of a cruise New York sCientists. Immediately restores good through mission lands as is Harlan P. Beach. hearIng even to the poorest ears, Results are His ability as a lecturer is widely known Imm~di.ate-there is no waiting-no delay-no across this country. his knowledge of the danger. You hear at once–clearly, distinctly. mission field is unmatched by any living man, naturally, and he himself has visited missions over and over again and knows the whole problem The inventors are so SUre you will be elated from A to Z. Any group can be congratuwith this wonderful little discovery that they lated who can be under the leadership of Dr. offer to send it to you without a string of any Beach upon a tour through mission fields." kind-for ten days' free trial. No red tape– no deposit-no C. O. Do's of any kind. To take For full information address; advantage of this liberal trial offer, . simply write to the Dictograph Products Corporation, PROF. ALBERT E. BAILEY Department 1306-c 220 West 42nd Street, New York City. In justice to yourself. please do Care Temple Tours this now. 441-C Park Sq. Bldg., Boston, Mass. It you have lost hope through other methods, we are even more anxious to have you try this remarkable little invention. For it will not tail you; and there is nothing for you to lose. Simply send name and address noW.

IF YOU WANT A Missionary Education Tours THING DONE WELL "One seeing is worth a hundred telling," Do -It Yourself When you purchase Annuity CRUISE TO ALASKA Agreements you administer your own estate Leaving Los Angeles July 31, San Francisco August 1, and Seattle Au- When you make a Will, you gust 5. let others do it Inclusive cost $165 and up, according .ror further information write to : to length of trip and point of de- parture. Morri. W. Ehne., Treasurer. Board 01 Foreign Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church. 150 Annual tours to Alaska, the Orient, Filth Avenue. New York. N. Y. South America, Australia, the South Sea Islands, Egypt and Palestine. W. J. Elliott, Treasurer, Board of Home Mis_ sions and Church Extension of the Methodist Episco- Reservations and tickets secured for pal Church, 170 I Arch Street, Philadelphia. independent travel.

For prices, itineraries and further in- formation address JOHN COBB WORLEY Travel Secretary Missionary Education Movement 150 Fifth Ave., New York 517 Western Mutual Life Bldg. Los Angeles Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD 1ll writing to advert1sers. THE MISSIONARY Review 0 f the World DELAVAN L. PIERSON. Editor CONTENTS FOR JUNE, 1925 FRONTISPIECE …….. HELPING TO MA.KE 'L'HE STI!.A.NGERS AT Hm.1E IN AME&JCA Page 421 EDITORIAL,S …………………………………………………….. 429' AT THE MONTEVIDEO CoNGRESS CIIRISTIAN INFLUENcm IN DOSHISHA UNl- 433 THE OlIRlSTJAN SITUATION IN VERSITY 437 INDIA TWENTY-FIVE YEARS W]TH THE AMER- 443 445 ICAN BoARD 451 "I WAS A STRANGER"-IN AMERIOA ………….. FRFJ) HAMILTON RINDGE 457 The story of what some foreigners have e'xperienced in America Qnd of the in- 458 fluence of some Christians in manifesting f,·iena.hip. 459 462 ARAB REACTION TOWARD CHRIST' …..•…………… PAUL W. HARRISON 46& The author of "The Arab at Home" ae8criiJes the ,JJay in which Moslems of 470 Arabia loola upon Christ, and their recepti"n of the Gospel as proalaimed by the 473 missionaries. 476, 4941 AFRICAN ICE CREAM ……………………………….. GEOItGE SCHWAB An interesting picture of African life, sho1"ing some of the results of missionary contacts.

THE RAUSA PEOPLE AND THEIR LANGLTAGE …………… C. F. BEITZEL .A brief account of one of the most virile and important races of north-central Africa.

CAN CHRISTIANITY SOLVE THE RACE PROBLEMf ………………….. An article based on five important books of t-he year: Christianity and the Race Problem, The Clash of Color, Race and Race Relations, Of One Blood, and The Negro from Africa to America.

WOMAN'S PLACE IN THE MISSIONARY EINT'ERPRISE ……………… . … .. … ……. …….. . . .. .. .. . . ……. . . .. .. . MRS. CHARLES K. RoYS A verbatim report of one of the leading addresses gi'uen at th,] recent Foreign Missions Convention at Washington, D. C., – a strong case for woman's leader- ship_ ONE GIRL'S INFLUE.NCE IN BRAZIL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MR3. EDWARD LANE HOSP]1TAL EVANGELISM IN KOR},A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. G. FLETCHER A unique and successful method of Chr-istian worla in connection with the min- istry of healing.

THE TRUTH ABOUT THE PHILIPPINES …………………………… An article reviewing the most important book on the Philippines of recent years, written and reviewed by missionaries of !Vide experience.

THE POWER OF A GOSPEL PORTIONETTE ………….. ARTHUR T. UPSON BEST MEITHODS ……..•…………………… EDlTEll BY MRS. E. C. CRONK THE WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULL]<)TIN …………………………

THE WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BUI,IJETIN ……………. .•………..

NEWS FRIOM MANY LANDS…………………………………. ……

THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY ……..•…………………………….•.

TERMS: $2.50 8 year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, 25 cents. Published monthly. Copyrighted, 1925, by MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISlIlNG COMPANY, INO. All rights reserved.

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Robert E. Speer, President William I. Chamberlain, VIce-President D.lavaa L. PlersoD, Secretary Walter McDougall. Treasurer Publication ollie., ad " RelI7 sr.., Harrlaburl, Pa. 250 & Oop:r $2.60 a :ra..r Editorial and Bulin…. Olllce, 156 Fifth ATe….e, New Yorll: Clt:r .aWl-eel u .aaonll-oI…. _ttlr at the POlt Olllce, Harrleburl. PL, under Aet. of Marel!. 8. 1171. HARTFORD PERSONALS T. Z. Koo, a secretary of the World's SEMINA:RY FOUNDATION Student Christian Federation, and for some years one of the secretaries of the National Hartford, Conn. Y. M. C. A. Council of China, is now in America. He rep"esent,ed the Anti·Opium W. DOUGLAS MACKENZIE, President Assoe;ation at the Geneva Conference, and made a profound impression at the student Theological Seminary conference in Manchester as well as in other Dean, X. W. JacobuB · places in England. School of Religious Pedagogy DR. FAYETTE A. MCKENZIE, president of Dean. E. H. Knight Fisk University, Nashville, Tenn., has re- cently resigned. There has been some agio Xennedy School of Missions Dean. E. W. Capen · . . tation among the students and alumni in Through these associated schools :E:.lartford favor of having a Negro president. offers full training lor HENR.Y S. NINDE, the oldest living Y. M. 1. The Christia.n Ministry. C. A. secretary, celebrated his ninetieth 2. Religious Educs.tion and Social Service. birthday on April 16th, and on March 12th S. The Foreign Field. · . . he and MI'S. Ninde had their sixty·fifth wed- Each school has its independent faculty and its own lnstitutiQnal life and together they form. ding anniversary. one interdenominational institution with the unity of a common aim and spirit. BISHDP MOTODA, of the diocese of Tokyo of the Protestant Episcopal Church, reo The plan for a group of eight buildings f,?r the Foundation is being carried out. Maekenz16 · . . cently visited China in the interests of the Hall. the woman's, dormitory, is already completed and occupied under direction of the Dean .Tapnne8e living in that count-ry. of Women, Mrs. Lester McLean, Jr. Construe– tion has begun on Knight Hall, a classroom REv. HmE KIN, pastor of thl" Chinese building, and Avery Hall, the library. · . . Presbyterian Church in New York City, has been forced by ill~health to resign.

REV. GILBERT N. BRINK, General Secre· tary of the Baptist Publication Society, to whom a year's leave of absence was granted in October in the hope that he might reo cover his health, has presented his resigna· tion.

~orbon BISHOP SCOT1' of the North China and Shantung Mission of the Society for the Propagati()n of the Gospel celebrated On September 21st, the completion of a service of fifty years in t;'i'!,a.

REV. JDSEPH CI.ARK, of the American Baptist Mission, has returned to America on furlough after forty-five years of missionary service on the Congo. When he went out in 1880 there was not one Christian native in his district. Now thousands of men and · . . women are seeking to follow Christ and many are helping to spread the Good News. OBITUARY JAMES BOYD NEAL, M.D., for forty years a medical missionary in Shantung Province, A Graduate School of Theology China, of the Presbyterian Church in the and Missions, of high scholastic standards and evangelical loyalty . U. S. A., died in Philadelphia, February Degree of B.D. 4tll, in his seventieth year. During his servo Theological, Missionary, Religious-Educational College course ice in Ohina he acted as President of the of 4 years,college standards, hroad China Medical Missional'y Association, Dean of the interdenominational school of medi- cine at Tsinanfu, which later was merged into the medical department of Shantung University, and finally as President of the University. •• curriculum. Degree of Th. B. MR. T'HEODOR.E D, RWGS, for some years a missionary of the Ameriean Board, and NATHAN R. WOOD, President treasurer of the An>1tolia Oollege, Turkey, GORDON COLLEGE OF THEOLOGY died near Boston on April 9th, while pre- AND MISSIONS paring for his return to Turkey. Mr. Riggs Boston, Massachusetts was a grandson of Dr. Eli>1s Riggs and of Rev. R. G. O. Dwight of Constantinople. His father was Rev. Edward Riggs of Marsovan.

Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW 0'11' THE WORLD in writing to advertisers. A NOON-DAY RELIGIOUS SHOP MEETING FOR MEN HELPING TO flfAKE THE STRANGERS AT HOME IN AMERICA (See page 429)

mEMrS~IONARY

mw~ VOL. JUNE, 1925 NUMBER XLVIll SIX , AT THE MONTEVIDEO CONGRESS C HRISTIAN work in South America, its needs, progress and the plans for its advancement were the subjects for considera- tion by the representatives of the Protestant and Evangelical movement on this continent held in Montevideo, March 29th to April Bth. One of the delegates from North America, Mr. VV. Reginald Wheeler, of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, writes of this Congress as follows: "Uruguay, politically speaking, is the Switzerland of South America. Here the representatives of the other republics of the continent can meet to discuss topics of common interest and con cern without exciting national rivalries or competition. Nearly one third of the population of a million and a half live in the capital, Montevideo, on the broad estuary of the River Plate, which has the reputation of being one of the most healthful, progressive and beautiful of South American cities….

" We were impressed by the sturdiness of the men of Montevideo and by the space given to football fields and recreation parks. At the last Olympics at Paris, the Uruguayan soccer football team emerged the champions of the world, and no South American republic is more advanced in its legislation and efforts on behalf of public health and social I'lervice. The Pocitos Hotel, where the Congress meetings were held, is situated outside the city on the beach, and was an ideal place for the conference.

"At the Congress there were 165 delegates, 19 affiliated delegates, 10 invited guests, and 121 visitors. Eighteen nations were represented, ten from South America, five from Europe- France, Spain, Portugal, Italy and Switzerland; one from Central America; two from North America, the United States and Canada. There were 13 denominations represented with 36 different societies and organizations, Methodists, Presbyterians, and Disciples of Christ 421

having the largest number of delegates. Of the 194 delegates and invited guests, 140 came from South America and 67 of them were representatives of the National Churches.

"At Panama in 1916 most of the delpgates were from North America; but in Montevideo most of them were from South America. The commission reports in 1916 were prepared chiefly in the North, but these have been written chiefly in the South. The committee chairmen and members of commissions were largely from South America and the important Business Committee had 21 of its 29 members from the South. Dr. Robert E. Speer, Chairman of the Committee of Arrangements, who was Chairman of the Congress at ranama, relinquished the speaker's chair on the first morning to Sr. Erasmo Braga, a Brazilian, after the latter's election to the office of Permanent Chairman. This was symbolic of the transfer being made today in control of the Protestant Movement in these countries from North American to South American hands.

"The topics discussed were marked by their breadth of interest -Education; Evangelism; Social Movement!>; Health Ministry; The Church in the Community; Unoccupied Fields; Indians; Religious Education; Literature; Relations between Foreign and National Workers; Special Religious Problems; Cooperation and Unity. The four of these topics that drew the most attention were evangelism, health ministry, education and social movements. The need of evangelizing the Indians, especially the non-Spanish and non-Portuguese speaking Indians, was emphasized. The Brazilian Government sent Dr. Horta Barbosa, the head of its Indian Department, to represent it at the Congress, and he and Mr. Dinwiddie, and Mrs. vValter C. Roe, made important contributions toward the solving of this problem. The need of reaching the student classes and the varied methods through which the Gospel can best be broadcasted were presented and discussed.

"One of the resolutions passed by the Congress with reference to social movements in South America indicates the nature of this report: "Jesus calls us to a universal brotherhood; peace in industry and between the nations: economic security for all: the uplift of the classes of society that lack opportunity: the awakening of the belated races; the moral enrichment of all peoples by means of a fcree exchange of scientific and spiro itual discoveries; the complete realization of our highest human possibilities. The realization of these ideals depends upon our making universal brotherhood a recognized and practical fact. The Congress therefore calls on all Christian people to cleanse their hearts of all suspicion, all prejUdice and all selfishness; to begin now to treat all men as true brothers; to keep alive the spirit of goodwill in schools and churches; to oppose all forms of discord between national and international groups; to establish personal contacts with men of different beliefs, different social conditions and national affiliations, so that there may be a leaven of brotherhood throughout the continent; to study sympatheticaJly human activities in other lands, in order that under-

EDITORIAL COMMENTS

standing ainndevkenroywllaenddgehemraeyreeplirmesiennatteedatllhesruespmicaiyonbeantdheladcekveolfopcmonefnidt eonfce~ and that consciousness whose touchstone is thc Golden Rule of Christ."

"The Congress bore striking witness to the growth and power of the Protestant Movement in South America during the past two decades.

1903 1924 Evangelical Missionaries ………….. . 750 2,105 National Evangelical Ministers ……… . 1,100 2,306 Communicants Enrolled ………….. . 32,000 122,559 Total Protestant Community ………. . 65,000 251,196 1906 1924 Organized Churches ………………. 856 1,283 Communicant Members ……………. 91,000 122,559 "The largest advance has been made in Brazil; Argentina and Chile follow next. In Brazil, the Presbyterian Church at its last assembly reported more than 21,000 members, with the Independent Presbyterian Church recording about 9,000 more. These two Presbyterian Churches contributed over $200,000 toward their work in 1923.

"There are still vast unoccupied areas on the continent and certain classes and groups are not yet reached. The Protestant Movement has followed in general the coast line, but a vast region, equalling four-fifths of the total area of South America, totalling about 6,000,000 square miles, contains wide ranges untouched vitally by Christian agencies. This continent ·within a continent equals more than a third of all Asia, more than a half of all Africa. It constitutes for Evangelical Christianity the largest geographical expanse of unworked territory to be found on the face of the earth.

"An impression made by the Congress upon the delegates was that of the true unity and fellowship with one another and with Christ. Not once did there arise serious disagreements. Dr. Mackay of Lima, Peru, struck the keynote when he said that we should love the living, loving Christ, we should love one another, and accept the full consequences of such love and allegiance.

" 'Our message is to be prophetic rather than sacerdotal; the living word of the living Christ to living men, the essence of Christianity being not a rite, nor a creed, but communion with the living God and service of men as our brothers, growing out of the inspiration and fellowship of that communion.' "

[A fuller report of this Congress is expected in our next number from Dr. Robert E. Speer.-ED.]

THE CHRISTIAN SITUATION IN INDIA nAS IS well known, the people of India are "very religious," but they are far from Christian. Following the long years of ignorance of Christ's teachings and spirit, and of bitter hostility to Christian missions, there has dawned, however, a period of better understanding and deeper sympathy with Christ's character and ideals. Christianity has had a great influence in changing many Indian customs and many leaders consider Jesus the greatest religious force in India today. His influence has been to purify the native religions and customs, even though men have refused to acknowledge openly His deity and Lordship. Reforms have taken place among Hindus, calling for an abandonment of idolatry, childmarriage, caste and temple immorality.

The Christians are increasing proportionately much more rapidly than the population, but not numerically. Some missionaries feel that the missionary methods of the past are not adequate for the present; that the Christian message needs to be presented more in its original Oriental form and that Indians must be given more freedom in its interpretation and expression. The Occidental form of Christian truth and organization is proving a hindrance to Indian minds, but the essential message of Christ· to sinners is welcomed. This message must be the vital truth of God's love and life offered to men in Jesus Christ and must be related to the history and beliefs and every-day needs and experience of those to whom the message is addressed. Too often the Christian Gospel has been given a Western background, dress and outlook. The presentation of Jesus Christ llimself as the revelation of God is supremely needed. He must be the living Jesus of the Gospels with His deity, His miracles, His parabolic teaching, His godlike holiness and sympathy, His atonement by the sacrifice of Himself, His gift of new life by faith and His aSSUl'anee of eternal life through His resurrection from the dead. Jesus Himself must be the center and circumference of the Christian message.

India has shown her readiness to listen to this message. Mahatma Gandhi is honored for his advocacy of the principles of Jesus. Even lecturers from the West who exa1t Christ are listened to by multitudes with sympathetic attention and respect. The Christian Patriot of Madras, edited by an Indian Christian, says of the lectures on "Jesus" delivered by Rev. Charles "Y. Gilkey of Chicago: "The intensity of interest and unflagging attention . . . was maintained at white heat. . . . It is Jesus, Jesus, and Jesus again that India will listen to . . . not to any other claims, institutions or ecclesiasticisms.' , India also will respond to Christian teaching related to the real, present-day life and problems of India. There has been too often a union of Indian Christians with Western forms of life and edu-

EDITORIAL COMMENTS

cation rather than the injection of Christian life into Indian communities. Ostracism, persecution and lack of sympathy have separated Indian Christians from their neighbors in a way that has made them seem foreign and has made their religion seem to belong to foreigners. The" salt" that seasons must be in close contact with the mass that needs to be saved. Many missionaries also believe that whatever may have been the reasons in the past for paying Indian evangelists with Western money, this method should be gradually discontinued. The Indian Christians should, like the Christians of Apostolic days, be taught to act as unpaid evangelists wherever they are, supporting themselves by their own labor or receiving the free-will contributions of the people among whom they serve. The Indian Christians need to be trained, as do Christians everywhere, in voluntary service and systematic giving.

Rev. James F. Edwards, editor of Dnyanodaya, published in Poona, India, says in the course of a recent address: "As far' back as many of us can remember the Christian Church in the West has been praying that God would show to His Church an 'open door' in the East, that His Spirit might so work on the hearts of millions in the Orient that they would be ready to listen to the message of His Loving Son, and so lead the way to the Christianizing and evangelizing of the whole of the mighty East. All we read the signs of the times we are unable to resist the conclusion that God has answered the greater part of this prayer and that in India there is already the widespread preparedness that has been prayed for by earnest Christians everywhere. The evidence for this is manifold. It will be tragic if, with this truly great and unique situation upon us, we, the followers of Christ, whether missionaries or Indian leaders, are found unequal to the task of leading India's most influential men and movements to Christ, and if one of the biggest opportunities ever offered to the Church should pass away without being used to the fullest possible measure.

"The Indian President of the National Missionary Society of India, in speaking on 'The Missionary Responsibility of the Church in India,' said: 'Leaders of Indian thought and opinion all over the country are today looking up to Jesus with growing regard and admiration, and there is an unprecedented preparedness on their part to listen to the really vital gospel message. . . . On the other hand, the Church is not equally prepared on her part for an advance towards non-Christian India. There are large sections of the Church whose attitude towards evangelism is one of apathy, not to speak of some who are even anti-pathetic. While non-Christian India is saying like the Greek delegation, 'Sir, we would see J es~£s,' the Church is not ready to take the place of Andrew and Philip. The common complaint is that while Jesus Christ attracts people, the Church repels them. To build a more Christlike Church in India must be the supreme duty of missionaries and Indian Christians alike and the task will call for their closest possible cooperation in every sphere of work.' "

Another hindrance to Christianity in India, one that has often been mentioned, is the life of many Europeans and Americans who are looked upon by the Indians as Christians. It is difficult for this

influence to be counterbalanced by the consistent lives of many whose example, testimony and service has been notably Christlike.

For Christ to conquer India, the lives of His people must be more in harmony with His Book. The first place must be given to the Bible as the guide of life and the authoritative history of Jesus and His message. Missionaries or Western teachers who ~ast doubt or discredit upon the Book that has been translated and placed in the hands of the people discredit themselves as messengers of Christ. The editor of Dnyanodaya truly says: "India is turning to the Bible for a correct idea of Jesus, and India is also insisting on what one leading Indian Christian speaks of as 'India's right to interpret Jesus and His" path of salvation" in its own way.' This is clear from a thousand facts that appear daily, facts which illustrate the astonishingly unique position occupied by the Bible among India's remarikable religious literature."

It is the Church of Christ in India that mUi'lt be given the Bible and must be given the opportunity to interpret the teachings of Christ and to apply them to daily problems, conduct and the promotion of Christianity. The young Church must be allowed to grow, to suffer, to learn, to try its strength, to realize its dependence on God and its responsibility to Him. Christianity must pervade Indian life and customs, Indian literature and law, Indian industry and politics, Indian family and social life, Indian education and religion.

The Christians of India are capable of great spiritual development, of remarkable self-sacrifice and of large achievements. They need education; they need concrete example and encouragement; they need to see that Western Ohristians practiee as well as teach absolute dependence on God and His Word for guidance and for power to live in harmony with the teachings of their Divine Master. Christianity is unique in its Way of Life through forgiveness of sin brought by the sacrifice of Christ, the Son of God, on the CrosFl. India has nothing like this, but India can understand this Gospel. The Holy Spirit can bring Indian Christians into a realization of the power of God in the life that now is and for the life that is to come.

OHRISTIAN INE'LUENOE IN DOSHISHA UNIVERSITY I N February, on the eve of the semi-centennial celebration of the founding of Doshisha University by Joseph Hardy Neeisma, a disturbance took place which was said to be due to the President's plan to strengthen the Christian purpose and spirit of the institution. This was founded by a Ohristian Japanese as a Christian college, but the effort to establish a high educational standard in all of the departments has led to the employment of a large number of non-Christian teachers who are not in sympathy with the Christian purpose and program. In order to maip.tain the Ohristian

EDITORIAL COMMENTS

character of a missionary institution, professors are sometimes selected from Ohristians not properly qualified to teach. This naturally creates much dissatisfaction on the part of students. Those who are inclined to be radical and rationalistic also object to all religious influence in their education. There was some opposition to education through the English language and the application of the so-called "Dalton System" of education in the University. These plans are, however, favored by the graduates.

The trouble seems to have been largely due to misunderstanding on the part of certain non-Ohristian professors and students concerning the movement for reform in pedagogy and discipline. The rumor was started that the President intended to get rid of non- Ohristian teachers and professors, of whom there are a considerable majority in some of the departments. There was a short-lived effort to secure the resignation of the President and the Dean, but the misunderstanding has been cleared up and peace restored. Large numbers of Japanese have entered the school in the spring term so that the problem. is how to provide for them.

One thoroughly familiar with the educational work in Japan, says: My judgment in regard to having a large number of non-Christian professors is that if you have such a situation you do not, in fact, have'a Christian institution. .. It is difficult in any case. So many of the first generation Christians are inclined to compromise with their non-Christian environment and pander to it, as was true in the early days of Christianity …

But it is no easy task to find qualHied Christians. There seems to be a lack somewhere in preparing such professors. The Government has its normal and higher normal schools but there is no such institution among the Christian institutions. .. This is one of the subjects for conference in connection with the next annual meeting of the F'ederation of Christian Missions …

There was a strike in another missionary school in Japan last fall because the institution was not Christian enough. The students were displeased with a dean who seemed to be lowering the Christian colors in order to get numbers and a larger sum in fees.

Some of us are more and more coming to the conclusion that largeness spells defeat of our Christian pnrpose in mission instit.utions. With a small number, say about three hundred and fifty or four hundred, we can keep the institutions Christian and permeate the student body with Christian ideals and Christian cosmology. Above that nnmber, the problem becomes increasingly impossible …

This raises again the question of the wisdom of employing a large number of non-Ohristian teachers in a Ohristian missionary institution in order that the scholastic standards may be maintained. It is difficult in a non-Ohristian land to secure a sufficient number of properly trained Ohristian professors. The effort to reach the standards required for government recognition and to enable the institution to offer educational opportunities under Ohristian auspices to as large a number as possible, has led some to adopt a policy that seems to many to compromise the distinctly Ohristian character of

higher educational missionarv institutions. It is difficult to avoid the tendencies of the time au'd in some cases the good has become the enemy of the best. Intellectual standi.ng should never be empha·· sized at the expense of the evangelical Christian message and influence. In most of the missionary institutions, however, the Christian character and training have been kept to the fore. In Doshisha University a few months ago Rev. Paul Kanamori conducted a very fruitful evangelistic campaign.

TWENTY-FIVE YEARS WITH THE AMERICAN BOARD D R. EDWARD C. MOORE, in a recent address, reviewed the twenty-five years of his experience with the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions. He was elected a member of the Prudential Committee in 1899, became chairman in 1905 and president of the Board in 1914. Among the prominent men active in the Board and in the missions in 1899 were Dr. Samuel B. Capen, Dr. Judson Smith, Mr. D. Willis James, Dr. George Washburn and Dr. Elias Riggs of Turkey, Dr. Daniel C. Green and ,T. H. DeForest of Japan. Professor Moore says that the Prudential Committee has stood for a conservative type of theology but that theological views have not weighed in consideration of men for membership on the Board or in the acceptance of candidates for the field.

Among the notable historical events that have transpired in this period are the Boxer uprising in China, the capture and release of Ellen Stone in Albania, the establishment of "Yale in China," the Spanish-American War and the opening of missions in the Philippines, the Turkish Revolution and the Armenian massacres, the revolutions in China, the Shanghai Missionary Conference, the Edinburgh Conference, and the establishment of National Christian Coullcils in Japan, China and India. In America the "Laymen's Missionary Movement" and the "Interchurch World Movement" have come and gone.

Great progress has been made in medical and in higher educational work and in the employment of native workers during this period. The first year's receipts of the Board in 1810 to 1811 were $999, while the Board Centenary Fund reached the sum of $995,000. The Woman's Board celebrated its Jubilee in 1917 and helped to raise the total receipts to $1,247,000. Then followed the period of struggle after the World War. While the income has increased to over $2,000,000, expenditures have grown even more rapidly and debt has been an almost constant handicap.

Profcs8or Moore closes his report by saying that great as is the need of money, it is "personality upon which everything turns." He warns against the passion for mechanism and high organization.

A Y. M. C. A.· BANQUET OF MANY NATfONALITIElS, PREPARING FOR

IN AMERICA "I Was a Stranger"-in America BY FRED HAMILTON RINDGF;, NEW YORK "OURSecretary of the Industrial Department, International Y. M. C. A. melting pot apparently ha~d-?oils the aliens," remarks a modern newspaper. If so, It IS O1tr fault. The Church and Christian people are in constant danger of ignoring their responsibility for concrete service among the 14,000,000 foreign- a born and 22,000,000 of foreign parentage in America. "Here are millions of strangers in strange land," wrote the late Bishop Charles D. Williams,'" "in the solitude of the crowds, torn up by the roots from their native soil, stripped of the age-long traditions and customs that surrounded them from birth, having lost their old social conventions and standards and found no new ones; church, community, often family and home gone, for many of them are single men. Is it any wonder that they often lose their moorings and are driven by gusts of passion and carried by the ideas of strange life about them to moral shipwreck~" He continued: "Then consider the foreigner's experience. Frequently he is mercilessly exploited by our industrial system, eagerly seeking cheap foreign labor. He is a mere tool to be used, perhaps to be used up, in its process and then thrown carelessly into the scrap-heap. No one cares for his soul, his personality. Even his own countrymen who have come here before him and learned something of the language and customs of the strange land, frequently use their • In his book, "The GospeJ of Fel1owship." ~9

superior knowledge to prey upon him most rnthlessly. We all know what padrones do to their own people. If an immigrant has a family and sends his children to the public schools, these children are often socially ostracized by native-born American children, or children one degree removed from foreign birth. The finger of contempt is pointed at them. They are called 'dagoes' and 'hunkies.'

"By and by, perhaps, the home itself begins to break up. The children acquire a smattering of our language and customs, particularly the 'smarty' Americanisms of the streets, and they turn with contempt on the father and mother who persist in their queer foreign ways. And so the process goes on. Is it to be wondered at that life grows confused, loses its stability and its victims are driven to recklessness or else to an ingrowing association with those they still understand, their own people f"

What a challenge! It is the duty and privilege of every church and Christian organization to help aliens realize their hope of equality, freedom and justice in America; to help them to a better understanding of community life; and to give them a practical demonstration of the spirit of our Christianity.

It is the duty and privilege of every Christian agency to discover the number and character of the foreign population of the city, to study its needs, and learn what other agencies-philanthropic, patriotic and religious-are working for its welfare. A church, Y. M. C. A. or Y. W. C. A. owes it to the development of its membership in Christian service and self-sacrifice, to interest men and women in such volunteer work as teaching immigrants the language of our country, aiding them to appreciate its laws, rights, and institutions, and giving them opportunities for adequate self-expression. Work among immigrants should be coordinated in every city by bringing together representatives of the various welfare societies. Real Christian Americanization is one of the most practical channels of home missionary service. In this work the prayer of our ~faster "that they may be one" may find fulfillment. The foreign-speaking aliens will often be suspicious of our motives. But their suspicions may be turned into implicit faith through unselfish endeavor which will help them understand that the spirit of Christ is "not of blood, nor of the will of the flesh, nor of the will of men, but of God."

A common experience is that of a Porto Rico boy brought into touch with Christian men for the summer. Said he, "When you first gave me a: Bible, I got Him in my head. Now, I have been with you all summer, and," touching his breast, "I have Him in my heart!" A Dane, who usually spent his Sundays in carousing with his fel- low countrymen, after attending a series of religious meetings de- cided to become a Christian.. Next morning he went to his work in the steel mill where he had been for fifteen years, and said to the man next to him: "Do you know, I have the greatest joy in my life that I have even known ~ I am a changed man. I have accepted Christ."

"Oh, that is nothing new," said his frieno, "1 have been a mem-

"l925] "I WAS A STlRANGER"-IN AMERICA

ber of the church for sixteen years." "What, you a Ohristian T" said the new convert, "I don't believe it I You could never have had the joy which I have, .and kept it to yourself! I don't believe you were ever converted."

Though the Dane could not speak perfect Eng'lish, he became a real spiritual force and within a year, out of ten men who worked in his gang, seven were led to Ohrist. He was made a deacon in his church, organized a new Sunday-school and expects to give hi81ife to Ohristian Americanization work.

A Scotchman who had dug coal for twelve years in the old country and expected to do nothing else, came in touch with one of the Y. M. O. A. coal miners' Institutes. He took the mining course, passed successfully the state examination, and within eighteen months from the time he started, was promoted to a superintendency. Through the influence of the Association he cut out drink and was restored to active service in the church.

It is necessary to serve people where they are as well as where we are. A secretary thus describes some of his recent experiences: "I have spent two days on the banks of the Hudson, and find foreigners in every town along the river. In the quarrying industry, they are the men who do the hard work. Last evening a group of about sixty lfagyars came toget.her. There wa;; no place where they could meet, so we proposed to study in the open air. .A barn was WORTHY OF A WELCOME-FROM NORWAY close by, and inside two quarry carts. We asked the men to take these out. Two gasoline lamps were lighted, and I stood between these in the barn and gave the men their first lesson. Of course, with the gasoline, barn smell, and garlic, the occasion did not lack the flavor of real life. This evening the first lesson was given to a group of Italians in the store of the Italian commissariat. Inside the counter Mike Cappitala slyly dispensed 'near-beer,' and on the other side I dispensed English. We got the lesson down, but not quite as fast as the other fellows got down the beer. "

An Italian bootblack entered the Young Men's Institute in New York one nig·ht behind one of the bulky members and got into the gallery, where he watched with wondering eyes the men on the gymnasium floor. This appealed to the boy; he wanted to join, but was a year shy of the entrance age. When he had passed his sixteenth birthday, he paid his membership fee, found a class where he might learn to read and speak English, and studied hard to be on an equal

footing with the other members. From that class he went into more advanced English training, and took up mathematics. By persistent effort and by the influence of Christian friends, he has become a man of education and sterling character. He is now superintendent of one of the large life insurance companies.

There are innumerable instances that might be cited of personal service rendered to foreigners by Christian workers. Experienced volunteer workers among foreigners agree that they secure ample reward for their" work from the touching appreciation manifested. One night-school student writes: "The teachers have done the lessons so interesting that the evenings have passed as real entertainments. So far, attendance has been steady without any persisting to it. It is beyond our power of expression to say the full A COSMOPOLITAN ENGLISH CLASS PREPARING FOR CHRISTIAN CITIZENSHIP Six nationalities represented: 2 Czechs, 2 Ukranians, 2 Greeks, 1 Mexican, 2 (}ermans. 2 Austrians measure of thanks we feel. .Also it is beyond our power to carryon such work ourselves. Weare entirely dependent on you. It is my wish, if we were able in the near future, to contribute something towards the support of the work."

People from other lands hate to be patronized. Why should not the Church assume its rightful place of leadership in bringing about this universal mutual understanding and eympathyf Christian Americanization is a process of getting into tune. A symphony orchestra is composed of many players, using different instruments, but complete harmony is possible when they play in tune. America is a great orchestra of more than fifty racial groups, and harmony will be achieved only when foreign and nativeborn learn to play in tune. "I was a stranger, and ye took me in!"

Reaction Toward

BY PAUL W. HARRISON, M.D., KUWEIT, ARABIA Author of "The Arab at Home"

I T is a time of transition and confusion in Arabia, with currents and cross currents flowing in every direction. Much on the surface has no appearance of stability, and the permanent elements in the currents underneath are not easy to determine. Almost every possible reaction to the gospel message is seen, but an ominous black thread of uniformity runs through them all.

An Arab worthy of study in this connection is Mullah Fulan, a leader of the Bedouin Wahabees, an exceedingly fanatical desert sect which calls itself "The Brethren." This old blind teacher, on first acquaintance, appears to have learned nothing and forgotten nothing during the changes of the last ten years. More intimate acquaintance confirms the ~mpression that he has indeed forgotten nothing. His devotion to Islam is as unquestioning and sublime and intolerant as ever. He would sacrifice his life unhesitatingly rather than give up so much as one jot or tittle of his convictions. When war broke out recently between the desert Brethren, of whom is a leader, and the coast town where he lives, he expressed the hope pnblicly and emphatically that the town might be taken and sacked by the true believers, so that it might thereby be cleansed of its iniquities. He was imprisoned and barely escaped execution for this treason, but he bent to the storm not an inch nor restraeted so much as a syllable.

Mullah Fulan has forgotten nothing, but he has learned a great deal. He knows that the eventual success of his beloved leader, Bin Saoud, will depend upon the British allowing him a free hand. He knows that in spite of the bloodthirsty exploits of the "Brethren" their power is as that of grasshoppers in comparison with the West. All this he knows, as do the Brethren in the depths of the inland deserts, but the Gospel gains no advantage on that account. The West is not loved because it towers above the Arab in point of military strength. Rather, it is hated more cordially than ever, and its religion is hated along with everything else from that part of the world.

Upon coast Arabs the impact of Western civilization, during the past ten years, has made a far deeper impress than upon the desert Brethren. Such a man is Sheikh Abdullah who rules over one of the coast towns of Arabia. He has visited England, and been invited to inspect the great British petroleum works in Persia. His pride in things Arabic has disappeared, and now his people chafe under the rule of a sheikh who, to their mind, has lost every kingly line from the outline of his soul. He has learned a little English and wishes 433

to know more. He has a cook who can prepare an English meal. To his great delight friends from among the Britli'ih political agents and the local missionaries have secured for him a complete outfit of table cloth§, _dishes, cutlery, and glassware. Thus is his soul delighted. It is a pathetic thing to see a man, whom birth has set upon the throne of a king, bring to his task the soul of an amiable child. Does this man, who looks with no pride upon his own people with their superb racial inheritance, regard his religion with doubt and misgiving 7 He does not. Having lost much of his racial self-esteem he clings with renewed determination to the faith in which he was born. Missionaries take dinner with him and enjoy a creditable English meal. He enjoys them, but with the express understanding that religion is something that cannot be changed.

Idris is a moderately prosperous merchant, a keen well-informed man with an appetite for world news which no great number in America could equal. He sees much further below the surface of world affairs than does the ruler of his city. The tinsel of Western civilization has not fascinated him and he wastes no time on table cloths and English dinner services. He knows that the thing which his people need is modern education. Twelve years ago this man organized a school whose attendance runs into the hundreds. The management however passed out of his hands, and the more conservative element gained control, insisting on a curriculum which to his mind did not meet the needs of the situation. He proceeded with unlimited energy to the organization of a second school which should be more modern. In all this the man could make only a moderate financial contribution himself. He secured the necessary funds and cooperation from other members of the community. Even the second school did not prove to be entirely successful, for the teachers that could be secured were insufficiently trained. Undiscouraged by this unsatisfactory outcome he has recently sent four of his most promising boys to Baghdad for training as teachers so that the school may have a better quality of instruction.

What is the motive behind this man's indefatigable labors .to promote education, and protect his city and his people from the evil influence and power of the West 7 Hasi he ever thought that the religion of the West might be a beneficial contribution for his own people 7 He has not. Effort such as this in our lives might be centered around patriotism but the Arab knows no patriotism as such. All he knows is religion. As far as the mind of another can be penetrated and understood, Idris' whole motive has been the service of his religion. Neither his race nor his country constitutes the object of his loyalty. StilI less his ruler whom in fact he would be glad to see deposed. His old outlook upon the universe he will give up without a qualm. The old learning which is so prized in all Mohammedan countries he can sacrifice with no misgivings. He is

192[;] ARAB REACTION TOWARD CHRIST'

convinced that his religion is the one true faith, that it is capable of meeting every problem presented by modern knowledge and present political conditions. He has worked all his life in the service of his faith. To interpret his interest in modern education as evidence of a weakening grip on the part of his religion is to find ourselves about as far from the truth as it is possible to get.

This next man, a young man, is a brother of the director of customs. He has had a moderate amount of education and reads newspapers. His knowledge of the affairs of the world does him credit. He is pathetically friendly toward the missionaries. He will listen courteously to a discussion of Christianity. I doubt if he would resent a courteous and sincere explanation of the weak features of his own religion. But he is not therefore near to the Kingdom of God. The influx of Western civilization has exposed him to temptations that he might possibly have avoided otherwise. More probably he would not have avoided them. He is still a Moslem but his life is so flagrantly immoral and wicked that he has the respect of no one. He is friendly to the missionaries largely because lacking friendship elsewhere he is willing to accept it here.

Unfortunately this man is typical of many of these days. During the war the tide of Western civilization came in with a great rush. It is receding now and, stranded without character or faith, with nothing to cling to or believe in, thousands of these men are to be found all over Mesopotamia and to a less extent throughout the Gulf. Immorality and drunkenness were never so common even in the days of the Turks as they are now. Unbelief was never so prevalent. These men are perhaps the farthest of all from the Kingdom of God. Bound by no sanctions, ethical or social or religious, they seem to have no standard of morality whatever and the world to them is a black stormy landscape without a ray of light. Overcome by appetites and sins, they lack even the elementary faith in God which their religion once provided. It is a tribute to the extraordinary strength of Islam that these utterly stranded men form such a small percentage of the community. As the tide of Western domination recedes the great mass of people are found more or less where they were before.

Finally the rare man who is earnestly seeking the light, how does he react when brough into contact with the Gospel of Christ ¥ Such men exist and, even in the troubled times now upon us, they emerge on occasion. Their numbers indeed are larger than ever in some of our stations, notably in Mesopotamia. These men listen with interest, and look with longing upon the promised land of the Kingdom of God. They are captivated by the vision that gradually unfolds before their eyes as the missionary guides their spirits to a realization of what it is that Christ has to offer us. But more than ever they shrink from paying the price. It is a high price, and with

all the efforts of the British Government to bring in a reign of religious toleration and freedom it is doubtful if that price is substantially less than it was before. A convert does not always pay for his conversion with his life, but his life is always in great danger. Men's hearts have always quailed before such a prospect, and now more than ever they shrink from entering the Kingdom of God on such conditions. It is futile to speculate on the exact cause of this weakening of the moral fiber of the Arab. It may be that the assumption of the reins of government by aliens has weakened the Arab's rigid resolution and self-reliance. It is more likely that political changes which drive the stronger and more admirable types of men away from the vVesterner 's religion, attract weaker men.

Thus there is a black thread of uniformity running through all the bewildering variety of reception given the message of Christ in Arabia. The one thing that stands out, like the gaunt naked skeleton of an unfinished building, is the appalling undiminished grip in which Mohammedanism still holds the human heart. The outside plaster may crumble away only to make possible a more modern and attractive exterior. It may be possible that Islam is disintegrating, but no such impression is gained from experience in Arabia. It is at least equally possible, indeed far more so, that shaking off some of its handicaps under the pressure of modern word sentiment, it will emerge stronger than ever. In Turkey at least, the incubus of polygamy and free divorce appears about to be sloughed off. Such a change will not cripple Islam. It will stand forth a more formidable opponent of the Gospel than ever.

The Church of Christ faces in Islam not merely an unfinished task. She faces a task of appalling difficulty as yet scarcely begun. In the important centers of Moslem life, the voice of Christ's messenger is not even heard. There has yet to appear the first indigenous church called out by the Spirit of God from among the superb peoples now numbered among the followers of Mohammed. The campaign is being pushed by means of medical work. It is being carried forward by means of schools. We try to distribute the Scriptures far and wide. Above everything else the missionary tries so to live that, in meeting him, his Arab friends will meet Christ. What we need is not improved methods and better instruments. Our methods are not bad now, nor are the instruments impossible. We need better ones very much, but what we need above all things is power in the work, the power of God which transforms men and makes them partakers of the divine nature, converts who shall walk through the storms and fires of persecution in the power of God and not in the weakness of man, rocks like Peter upon whom Christ can build His Arabian Church. There has never been a time perhaps when the Church of Christ faced a more desperately difficult task, never a time when the prayers of God's children were more needed. BY GEORGE SCHWAB, BAKBAYEME, WEST AFRICA MJissionaJ"Y of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., 19<J5· I F you ask American boys and girls, "vVhat is better t.han ice cream on a hot day~" they will perhaps tell you "More ice cream!" In Africa it is always "a hot day." If you were to give an African boy or girl a dish of ice cream, it would be tasted and then set down.

"Do you like it ~" you ask. "It's sweet, but it's hot!" his indirect answer would be. The few into whose hauds we have given a bit of ice, obtained from some steamer stopping off our coast station, have let it fall exclaiming, "It burns!" But these chocolate-hued boys and girls have something, which to them tastes as good as does ice cream to Americans. When one starts inland from the coast, there is first the low, level, forest-covered delta plain, home of the elephant. At Edea the great Sanaga River drops seventy five feet, making a most wonderful waterfall. This is the first rise from the plain. We march on for fifty miles, up and down the" children hills" until we reach Sakbayeme. The missionary has packed his camping outfit and is about to set out to visit his people and work- MR. SCHWAB AND A GORILLA (DEAD) ers. Down the bluff, upon which is built the station, he and his carriers walk and are ferried across the river in a canoe made of a hollow log. Then up and down he goes again, first over the "father and mother" hills, then over those which are "grandfathers and grandmothers" (very high). There are no "child hills" up there.

At the top of a pass is a small village. Everyone living there is helping build a new hut for the chief of the regiou. The palm leaf thatch roof is supported by walls of poles. Women are climbing 431 up from the spring carrying gourds filled with water to moisten the brown clay which other women are bringing in small baskets from back of the new hut. More women and children and a few old men are beating the moist clay with small paddles to make a hard fioor. The chief and most of the men are talking and telling the women and children how to work.

A shout of welcome is given the missionary and his party as they come to a halt before the group. 1.;Vork ceases. Remarks are in order.

"He is thirsty. Someone go cut sugar cane!" says one. "Find a pineapple! 'White men like pineapples!" says another. "Are there no new eggs in this village f 'White men eat new eggs, not those upon which hens have set or which failed to hatch chickens. " "His men are dying of hunger. There are ripe bananas in the hut of Who-Will-Hear-Me!" "White men never get sick or die. '1'hat's becaus·e they are always eating eggs~ which are' strong medicine' against illness." ,'Look, he uses his left hand!"

"Why, all whites are left-handed! Yau are an ignorant person not to know that. That's why they are all so strong."

"He has a gun! 'White man, our own father, will you not sleep in this village tonighU And today you will kill the wild animals which destroy our gardens 1 If you refuse to do this, we shall sicken of hunger this year. There is a man here who knows where the 'meat' lives and hides in the daytime."

"Yes, yes, sleep with us this night. You'll surely kill an animal today. Our gardens and plantations will be saved!"

They continue to talk and say much more in regard to the wonderful gun and still more wonderful ability of the missionary as a hunter.

Finally it was settled that one of the carriers, who "knew hunting," was to remain behind. A man of the village, who "knew the things of animals and forests" would guide him. Then, after "words of God," the missionary went on some miles to where his people had a "town of God"-a school and chapel.

About a mile from the "town of God," pupils, who Were returning home from school, were met. One ran back fast as a deer to tell all along the path the neWs of the coming of Bango. Everyone along the way followed the latter. You'd think that he was a circus parade I When the missionary reached the" town of God," he first went to the Chief's hut to "do the things of politeness," according to the African code. Messengers went out in all directions to spread the news that" our Bango has come!" Then the missionary went to the

AFRICAN ICE CREAM

guest's hut at the school compound, which was at the other end of the village, to prepare the camp.

"Who'll g'et water from the spring? 'Who'll cut banana leaves 1" asked the head carrier.

"I will! I will!" yelled a dozen boys. "He has fish hooks! He'll give us fish hooks!" "Give me the pail! My mother has a water gourd, I'll get it!" "Where is a machete, I want to cut banana leaves!" Such is the talk. . While the camp was being prepared, with a mat of banana leaves, the people from all about had gathered. All watched the unpacking of the camp things. You should CARRYING A "FREEZER OF AFRICAN ICE CREAM" FOR A FEAST hear the yells as what looked like a bundle of sticks became a table! Another bundle of them makes a chair! A third bundle, a camp bed!

"Those whites, what skill God has put into their hearts!" "His men carry a whole village tied up in their loads!" "If I had a pot like that one, I would not need to buy a new one every time one of my clay pots falls down!" "I hope he will 'eat a can' (open a tin of something), so that I may get a thing for dipping water out of my jar!" "If he would only have an old shirt he despised and would throw it away! I'd have a new dress for Sunday." Our Africans think aloud. "Someone beat the drum. We'll enter the house of God so that I may find out who has been thinking of and learning the things of the followers of God," says the missionary. There is a rush to get the front seats; the people want to be as near as possible to their Sa'/t[Jo when he talks to them.

The sun has reached the place where one says that" it will go to bed before the evening meal bas been cooked." "You will all be here before the sun has gotten out of bed in the morningF' is the last thing the missionary says.

"And who is there that will not be awake and out before he can see his feeH" replies someone. All now leave to reach their villages by twilight.

Suddenly there is a shout and much very loud talking is heard. "What's up nowf Is there a spear :fight somewhere?" asks the missionary. Those who have not yet left rush towards the noise, to miss nothing. The yelling comes nearer. From out the bushes at the side of the guest hut, where goes the path, there come back the people who have just gone. And many more. It seems that everyone has gone crazy mad. "What is making (doing) 1" asks the missionary as he, bewildered, looks at the people, so fluiet only a few moments before. "A pig! A great wild hog! A boar! Your hunter and eight men are 'Carrying him in! Here he is, just look at his size!" So that is it. The African "Ice Cream" has come! For wild hog meat is the "ice cream" of the Basa. Boys and men have their arms around each other, dancing, jumping, yelling, mad with joy at the thought of that pig meat to eat. Girls and women are doing the same. Noone listens to anyone else. All talk. You never heard or saw the like! "My loin cloth! You are pulling it to pieces!" II My grass skirt!"

"Who ever saw such a hunter?" "I hope it is very, very fat! How I like fat meat!" IIIf my husband were a Ohristian, I could eat a piece. We poor women are deserving of pity. ·What the men like best is taboo for us."

"Look at his long tusks. If he had not been killed by that :first 1;hot. there would now be no hunter."

"Pity my brother! He cannot see this great sight. Vl11y is he not here~"

"Why will not Bango build his town here and live with usT Pig meat would be ours every day then." Thus they screamed.

The hog carriers had reached the space before the guest hut and put the pig down. The pole was pulled from under the skin. When the African carries a dead pig, he slits the very tough and thick hide of the back in four places. Thus he has two II straps" which cannot tear or break. Under these two "straps" he thrusts a long pole and off he walks.

While everyone was joy-mad and boar-meat-hungry, the missionary was not. He was mentally dividing that hog so that everyone legally entitled to some of the African "ice cream" could get

a taste. These were : the men who had carried in the hog from the forest. Native custom says thE'Y must get all of the neck. There was the chief of this place and the one from where the carriers came; the teacher and his family here and three others in villages some miles away; the men who provided the missionary's carriers with food and the women who oooked it; the influential members of the community; some guests staying with the chief-they must he made to feel that the chief is a great man, so great that the white man thinks even of his guests; fifty local school boys. No wonder the missionary was not dancing for joy with the others! .

, Now he walks over to where the "ice cream" is lying upon the ground and lifts his arm.

"Silence! Silence I Silence!. Sango is going to talk!"

In a minute you could hear a leaf fall. The laughing, excited faces have changed. Everyone was anxiously asking himself the terrible question he had not before thought of, "Am I going to get a piece ~ " Then the missionary cans one of his men, who is to be the hewer-up of the hog.

Banana leaves are laid down, the pig put on these and the hacking begins. Meanwhile a half dozen boys come running with their mother's wooden bowls to catch any blood which may come out. Not a "drop" of this "African ice cream" is to he wasted.

No one thinks of leaving. The evening cooking is forgotten. There is nothing in the world, for the moment, except those chunks of red meat. What if the machete does cut through the leaves, and' dirt gets on them! If a piece falls, there is only a lot of brown clay on it!

All crowd closer and closer, until the hacker can scarcely wield the machete. The comment and exclamations continue. At last the chunks are ready and the missionary is called to announce how the "ice cream" is to be divided. How tensely quiet all have become! "Am I going to taste it'" is the question on every shiny brown face.

The chiefs, teachers, carriers, all the rest, each one's portion is pointed out and handed over. The school boys must wait, for their portion is not yet made into morsels. More have come in. How small that piece seems for those sixty standing closely huddled and with mouths watering! The teacher has the unenviable task of dividing it into sixty equally large and desirahle bits. And he has never even heard of geometry! The boys form a squirming, wriggling, jabbering, gesticulating, loin-clothed mass, resemhling the dwellers in a disturbed ant heap. Eyes seem popping from their sockets and necks are stretched to the limit.

After a time, "now stand back and stand quietly, I'll call each one of you to come forward for his share," says the teacher. They try to obey-but each fears he may not get that precious tiny bit of pig meat and so all try to be at least second or third.

"My piece is all meat!" "Mine has some fat!" "Woe is me, there is bone in my bit!" "If there had been two pigs, then we could each have had a reaC piece!" "It is small, who'll deny this1 But today I taste meat for the first time in two moons!" "I am dying of meat hunger!" Many more such remarks follow fast. As they feel in their hearts, so they speak aloud. There is no more "ice cream" on the banana leaf; all have been "served." "What did Bango do first when he came to our village'" asks the teacher. "He first called on our chief," pipes someone. "Yes, that's what he did. And why' Because that belongs to the things of politeness. I bear shame in my heart because you have forgotten the things of politeness of the white man which I have taught you. Only two boys said to Bango, 'We are grateful.' And there are six tens of you!" Now a great shout goes up: "Oh Bango, our Bango, we are gratefull" And one added, "Bango, so great was our meat-hunger and so great our fear that we would not get any, that we forgot. Porgive your children, Bango. We are all your very own children." "Now go home to your huts and eat," were the teacher's words as he turned to enter his own. But-Brr! Whing! It looked like a football game with si.'{ty players. The boys had never lost sight of the leaves where the boar had been hacked up and as soon as the teacher had stepped back, there was a wild rush to that spot. You would have thought that for some unknown reason they had suddenly gone mad! For whaU For the dr:ops of "ice cream" which might have fallen as the machete cut the bone and meat, even though they might be mixed in with the earth and not half as big as the rubber on the end of a lead pencil. Nat one ., speck" of that precious meat could be left for ants to carry away during the night. The boys preferred to save the ants this work and 1.0 eat the crumbs themselves.

The day is over. As the missionary rises from his mat of banana leaves before the cot and pulls up the mosquito net to lie down to rest, he hears a knock on the wall of the guest hut-it has no door. "Who is there~" he asks. "I," replies a very scared and timid voice. "You? And who are you and what is it you aTe now wanting¥"

"A Sango, I want thus-I, I want to follow you and to go to live at your town. I am only a small school boy; I know nothing.

1925J 'l'HE HAUSA PEOPLE AND THEIR LANGUAGE

Rut I should like to live at your town where I could learn and where there is a gun and a hunter. I think that you would sometimes give me just a little, little piece of pig's meat. You will not refuse to let me go with you ~"

"In the morning we'll see about this thing you are asking, to learn what your mother says. Now you are to go and give God thanks for this day and sleep."

"I go, Bango." Then the missionary blew out his candle. There was no sleep until long after midnight in that community. All were too excited about the boar, the hunter, the meat. Yet at "the time the birds begin to talk"-earliest grey dawn-somebody was already beating the chapel drum to call the people to prayers. The missionary had already made bundles of his camping things and swallowed a meager breakfast. Young and old came from out the forest streaming into the chapel-()ver two hundred and fifty of them. Words of help, comfort and admonition were given. "Seek ye first the things of the Kingdom of God and hold to them. Wild boar is for today only, the things of God are for today, tomorrow and for all the days to come." Then with a farewell: "God help you until the day we again meet," the carriers picked up their loads and the missionary and his party started down the village street as the sun was rising. At the head of this party marched the proudest and happiest boy in all the Cameroons, he who had knocked at the wall .of the guest hut the night before. He was carrying the gun and was on his way to the town of the missionary, where he could get now and then some African "ice cream."

The Hausa People and Their Language BY REV. C. F. BEITZEL, BUNUNU, NORTHERN NIGERIA "THE A Missionary of the Sudan Inter:or Mission land shadowing with wings, which is beyond the rivers of Ethiopia" describes the location and condition of the Hausas. These millions of people are spread over thousands of miles but of them the world has heard little. Only in recent years has Hausaland been opened to the world. The origin of the Hausas is enshrouded in mystery. They themselves can not agree on their beginning. One theory offered is that they came from Egypt. One writer tries to prove that they are related to the Bantu tribes of Central Africa by showing a similarity between a few words of their languages. But the words are few, and all their other characteristics deny the relation. The best founded theory and one that the Hausas support most strongly is that they came from the far E'ast

(beyond Mecca). Their slender forms, features, high foreheads and language testify strongly to this. Their language in form and articu- lation is akin to English, Spanish and somewhat to the German. It is free from the cliques of the Bantu and from the harsh, guttural sounds of the Yoruba and other West African tongues.

The name "Hausa" is applied to nearly all who have a good knowledge of the language which is the trade language of the greater part of the Sudan. The fact that millions of people in this great area speak Rausa may not mean much in Europe or America but it means much for Central Africa which is a Babel of tongues. What a blessing this language is in the midst of this confusion! What a vehicle to make Christ known! What the Greek language was in the days of Christ and as a means of evangelizing the whole known world this language is for the whole Sudan with its fifty millions of dark- ened souls. Here can be found hundreds of tribes numbering from 200 to 2,000 with entirely distinct languages and customs in no re- mote way even related to their neighbors. It would take hundreds of missionaries to enter all these distinct tribes. If there should be one new missionary occupying a community of 10,000 every day it would take ten years to reach the Sudan I But by using the Hausa tongue as a medium we can reach many different tribes because the Hausas are great traders and travelers and their settlemeuts may be found as far removed as Cairo, Tunis, Tripoli, Mecca, Lagos, and the Gold Coast. The English Government is also fostering the use of the Hausa tongue in its courts, schools, etc. It is easy to learn and is capable of extension by adding foreign terms-a difficult thing in most African languages. This is perhaps the only African lan- guage which has developed a literature of its own.

Many of the Hausas are still pagan, practising tree and serpent worship, but the great mass of them are nominally Moslem since the Moslem Fulahs who at first settled among them peaceably finally overran the great country from Timbuctoo to Bornu and introduced Islam into the Sudan about one hundred years ago.

The Hausas are much more difficult to convert to Christianity than the ordinary pagan since they are proud and make much of their superior intelligence. They love sinful pleasures which Islam permits and that religion gives them great influence in their trading with the Arabs and other North African tribes. .

The Hausas presen' one of the greatest challenges to Chris- tianity today, but their turning to Christ and His service would solve the problem of evangelizing Central and North Africa.

Some of their centers have now been entered and little groups of Hausa Christians are gathering at Lokoja, Zaria, Minna, and Kano. Zinder, far to the north on the border of the Sahara, has recently been opened.

Praise God for the" First fruits!"

Christianity Solve the Race Problem? *

BY REV. ROBERT M. LABAREE, D.D., LINCOLN UNIVERSITY, PA.

W ITHIN the last few months four deeply significant books on the race problem have issued from the press. Their sig- nificance is partly due to the fact that they are the work of white men representing rather widely separated sections of their own race. The authors are respectively a Scotchman, an Englishman, an American citizen born and brought up in the north and another bred a southerner. Their earnest and, better still, their frank discussion of the issues involved proves how in many parts of the white world men are realizing clearly the seriousness of these questions, and are having deep heart searchings on the subject. In this respect works like these are but indications of a very widespread interest. Through our modern means of intercommunication races touch and jostle each other as never before. As a result never before have so many discussions appeared in book and magazine on the vital question of right race relationships. These discussions of the past year or two have been written from every possible standpoint, and show a wide divergence of views; but they all indicate the supreme importance of the problem.

But perhaps the chief characteristic that distinguishes these four works from the other literature on the subject is that they are written wholly from the Christian point of view. They seek to find a Christlike solution for the strained and taugled problem of interracial relations. They all realize that while we must bring to bear on the knotty points the most earnest thought and the best scientific methods, yet after all t.here can be no permanent solut.ion IDlless we apply to them the spirit and the principles of our Master; and that it is this Christian attitude of heart and mind that alone gives any hope in the difficult task.

It is interesting to note how the four authors stress the fact that this is a world problem. Even Mr. Weatherford, whos'e interest. is largely in the welfare of the Afro-American, devotes his first chapter the world-wide aspects of our local difficulties. He realizes that our experiences here in our own country are practically the same wherever men of different races meet and clash. 'fhis fact cuts both ways. It confronts the man who would preach peace and goodwill to the antagonistic groups in Asia, but who refuses to apply the same principles to our own vexed social relations. If Christ has a mes- • ChrlsUanlty and the Race Problem. J. H. Oldham, M.A. 265 pp. $2.25. New York. 1924 The Clash of Color. Basil Mathews. 169 pp. $1.25. New York. 1924. Race and Race Relations. Robert E. Speer. 428 pp. $3.50. New York. 1924. Of One Blood. Robert E. Speer. A brief(~r study based upon the above for use by the Council of Women for Home Missions and Missionary Education Movement of the United Sta.tes and Canada. 254 pp. 50c and 75c. New York. 1924.

The Nel'ro from Africa to America. W. D. Weatherford. 487 pp. :&5.00. New York. 1924.

445

sage of love and human brotherhood to the inhabitants of Johannes- burg, Calcutta and Tokyo, he has the same message to the men and women of New York, Atlanta and San Francisco. On the other hand the far-reaching character of the problem may bring something of comfort to the white or colored brother who grows despondent over conditions here. It may help him to realize that ours is only a small sector of the battle line.

But if similar conditioIls face us everywhere, the fact goes to show how natural such situations arc. Weare to expect them, they are as old as history, they have developed in every part of our globe. They are an ever-recurring illustration of what we may well call the nasty spirit of man, whereby the "ins" always seek to exclude the "outs" from sharing in their privileges. Pride and contempt and jealous passion for supremacy meet, yes create, seething unrest, resentment and hate. This is human nature, but human nature at its worst; and it is all the sadder in our day because just such contacts and conflicts as these reveal how little the spirit of Christ has permeated our economic and social relations.

To one fact all the many writers, whatever their other differences, agree. It is the serim6sness of this world problem. The races are gathering in hostile camps. Are we drifting into a world conflict more terrible than any we have yet seen ~ The question is being raised not only by alarmists but by many of the best-informed conservative students of international affairs.

No one, for example, who is familiar with conditions here in America, can shut his eyes to the acuteness of our own special race problem. This is not due to the white man's invention of new forms of discrimination against the colored man, but rather to the changing attitude of the latter to everything that carries with it the brand of inferiority. Every phase of the bar sinister is resented more keenly with each passing year. This is the result of the growing intelligence and perfectly proper pride that comes with intelligence. The wounded self-esteem is not made callous by repeated rebuffs but becomes more sensitive. The educated and self-respecting Negro is therefore quick to imagine a slight when none is perhaps intended; nor can you wonder at it. If the waiter in the restaurant is slow and indifferent in his service, if the telephone girl is pert and saucy, if the clerk in the store is rude and unobliging, the first thought to rise in his mind is, "Would these people treat white folks in this way or is it just because I am colored?" Ji'rom many sad experiences he jumps to the conclusion that it is only another manifestation of the contempt in which he is held, and his spirit is rasped and irritated. If you blame him try to put yourself in his place.

This deepening resentment is reflected in the newspapers and magazines which are issuing in such numbers from the colored press. Frankly they do not make pleasant reading for the whites. Wrongs

CAN CHRISTIANITY SOLVE THE R.kCE PROBLEM

and injustices perpetrated by the majority group are published abroad in head-lines; lynchings are set forth in all their horrid details; every new aggression by members of the dominant race the world over is commented on and the moral pointed. The stories so widely circulated of Negro "uppishness" and "insolence," although grossly exaggerated, owe what truth they have to this increasing self-consciousness and growing resentment of the colored man. All this we usually attribute to the work of agitators. Agitation may stimulate but it does not create the feeling of exasperation. Radicalism always thrives -where there are the most social wrongs. The colored man is not by nature a radical on any question; but if smarting under the sense of what he regards as injustice, he is ever driven into the ranks of the extreme socialists or into the arms of revolutionary demagogues, we shall have ourselves to thank.

But it is in the international field that this question assumes its gravest aspects. Hostility to the dominant race which is extending its political control to every remote corner of the world, and exploiting every weak or backward people, is growing apace. Not only do such Christian statesmen as Dr. Speer and Mr. Oldham raise the note of warning with no uncertain sound; but the uncompromising advocates of Nordic supremacy like Lothrop Stoddard and Madison Grant are equally emphatic in calling attention to it. Our neWspapers every day bring to us fresh illustrations of the truth, that all Asia from one end to the other, Africa., north, south, east and west, the islands of the sea, whether it be Haiti in the west or the Philippines in the east, are in a state of feverish uurest. To be sure, some of these peoples are demanding rights and privileges for which some think they are unfitted as yet; but whether wisely or foolishly the colored races of the world are making common cause against white aggression. – Can we escape the suicidal race war so dismally foretold by many a prophet of our times? Professor Williams of India and others like him are sure that we can. He tells us that "the impending struggle between the East and the W-est, foretold by many persons who cannot be classed as visionaries or fanatics, may be easily mitigated or entirely averted" by treating these other races with simple justice. And each of the four writers we are reviewing is of the same mind. Mr. Mathews assures us that all that we need is "team work," the same sort of cooperation that leads a man in soccer to pass the ball to his team mate rather than dribble it down the field by himself. In other words, if the Anglo Saxon would stop talking of the "white man's burden" and cooperate with the other races on the basis of a real brotherhood, many of the most acute causes of friction between them would be dissipated.

We must not, however, delude ourselves into the idea that such questions as these are easy of solution. Such cheap and superficial optimism can be attaiued only by shutting our eyes to the facts.

There are indeed two opposite extremes equally to be avoided. One of these is that race antagonism is "rooted in primitive instinct"; in other words, it is innate and ineradicable. If so there is no use beating our heads against a stone barrier; we shall only hurt ourselves and do no good. On the contrary, the facts seems to prove that racial prejudice is a complex of many instincts and mental attitudes. It is usually the result of economic and social competition and of fears that are born of that struggle. It it no more true of races than of competing nations and other social groups, only that in race intercourse physical dissimilarities add another element of friction. Color, or indeed any visible difference in form or feature, advertises the fact at the very first contact that the other ma1l belongs to what is regarded as a hostile or competitive group. One may for instance harbor an extreme prejudice against the Jews; but if one does not recognize the fact on meeting one, it is very possible to establish friendly relations with him; and wbenlater his despised nationality is discovered the chasm has already been largely bridged. Such an initial friendly approach to a Chinaman, Hindu or Negro is made impossible by the badge of their race which they mnst carry everywhere. It is this that makes the antipathy peculiarly sharp in cases of recognized physical differences. But there is nothing innate or insurmountable in the feeling. It is an inheritance from unfortunate experiences and relations in the past. Children as a rule do not possess it; they learn it from their elders, and therefore under proper conditions it can be unlearned.

On the other hand it would be just as unfortunate to approach the question with the notion that it is a simple one and the solution easy, It is in reality one of the most complex and baffling problems of our day. It has many ramifications, and the mere discussion of is arouses passions of the intensest order. Such feeling is justified by many in the name of science. The theory is held by some scientific students and received with eager approval in many quarters that the white man, especially if he is of the Nordic branch of the race, is by native ability and character the best in the world; that he is the creator and defender of our highest civilization and culture, and that therefore the maintenance and development of that civilization depend on the keeping of his blood pure from all taint of that of backward and inferior races, and on the securing for him the control of world affairs. For example, Prof. Josey in his book, "Race and National Solidarity," frankly holds that" a controlled exploitation of the backward races and the continued dominance of the white race will make for the greater good of man and will meet with the approval of God." If that be so, instead of seeking in the name of God to let down racial bars we must as servants of that God strive rather to keep the partitions between us intaCt; indeed we should raise them higher and make them more exclusive.

CAN CHRISTIANITY SOLVE THE RACE PROBLEM

This is dismal doctrine for the missionary and social worker. But fortunately it is not true.

In no part of the books before us is the discussion more satisfactory than in their treatment of this theory of the superiority of the white race. After a very thorough survey of all that has been said on both sides of the subject our authors have come to the decision reached by a growing number of sociologists (Boas, Goldenweiser, Lowie, Miller, etc.) that such claims in behalf of the white man are exaggerated and even unfounded. Races like individuals differ in qualities and abilities: no two of them are alike; and yet each of them has his own contribution to make to life. Mr. Oldham asks pertinently; "Is the winner of the Derby superior to the dray horse1 Is the engineer superior to the poet, or the scientific chemist to the captain of industry, or the prophet that stirs the conscience of the people, to the practical statesman who translates ideals into actual legislation?" God has made "of one blood" all the races of men, all are equally dear children of the Heavenly Father, and all are capable of climbing to the highest summit attainable by any of the sons of God. This is we believe the doctrine of God 's Word: and no physical measurements, nor psychological tests, nor present lack of achievement can shake our faith in that great and inspiring truth. Backward many of these peoples may seem to be, mere children in many ways; but circumstances can explain all that. It was not so many centuries ago that our German ancestors were in the rear guard of civilization. Through circumstances for which they can claim but little credit, they have advanced to the front rank. Others have not yet made the start or have temporarily dropped behind. An era of rapid progress may begin with them at any time. Already we see a startling speeding up of development in Asia. Who knows when some of these backward peoples may pass us in the race 1 Pride in our own achievements, and contempt for others are wholly unwarranted by the facts.

Space forbids the discussion of other complications "that make hard our task of establishing a real brotherhood between men of every color. 'I.'here is for instance the question of intermarriage. No phase of the subject excites greater heat. Even Christian men like Oldham and Speer do not see wholly eye to eye when they come to this problem. But whatever be the ultimate judgment upon this or any other difficulty in making our mutual adjustments, one principle we should adopt, and that is to choose whatever path is obviously just and Christlike, .no matter whither it may lead us.· The spirit of Christ will not alone solve any of the great world questio:p.s. The head must cooperate with the heart in ~very right solution. Scientific research and honest hard thinking are as important as love and Christian brotherliness. But the spirit of Christ aloriecan give the right approach. And, alas! it has been the iack of this 3

spirit that has so embittered our human relations. Nothing so blinds the judgment as pride and prejudice. We see this only too weU in the harsh and cfllel conclusions which once justified slavery in our own country and now equally support every form of racial aggres- sion and exploitation here and elsewhere.

We believe that already we are at the dawn of happier condi- tions. The frank discussion of these problems at the recent splendid missionary conference at Washington was both illuminating and re- freshing. Most emphatic was the demand, reiterated time and again from the platform, for justice and kindliness in our interracial and international relations. If Christianity cannot bring this about its mission will prove a failure; for men will have nothing to do with a religion that is handed down condescendingly to them from some supposed superior height of culture or virtue. In our own country there are many indications that the Christian conscience is being aroused' over our own race problem. Interracial committees are springing up everywhere throughout the South, in which earnest men and womfn of both races are striving to bring about a better understanding. At the Student Volunteer Convention in Indianapolis last year all such problems were seriously discussed by the young people. Some of the results of that convention are worth mentioning. On the way home from Indianapolis to Nashville, the delegates from the white institutions centering about the latter place went over in a body into the car occupied by the colored representatives from the district, to talk over frankly what could be done to make more Christian their relations to one another. Out of that discussion an intercollegiate interracial committee was organized which has been meeting regularly, and has developed a program that must seem radical to their elders. This last summer the young men's conference at Blue Ridge (white) sent a delegation to visit the colored men '8 conference at Kings Mountain, and later a return delegation from the latter went to Blue Ridge, where they were entertained in the dormitory of their hosts and in the common dining room. Recently a Bible study conference was held at Hampton, where delegatee. from practically every white and colored college in Virginia slept in the same building, and ate at the same table. A year ago such a gathering would have been regarded as impossible.

Now I would not have anyone think that these young people have solved any of the great problems at issue. But surely none of us can be blind to the fact that it is in just such frank friendly brotherly intercourse that not only our o"-"Il race questions but the larger world problems will lose much of that antagonism and ill-will which have made any settlement of them seem hitherto a hopeless task. Yes, Christianity can unravel this and every other tangled human relationship by creating the atmosphere in which alone all of earth's heated class and race problems can be solved.

Woman's Place in the

Enterprise * BY MRS. CHARLES KIRKLAND ROYS, NEW YORK l'oreign Secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions, Presbyterian Chmch, U. S. A.

I N considering woman's place in the missionary enterprise our thoug'ht may profitably center around four aspects of the subject. .

First: Is there for woman a peculiar driving power in the mis- sionary movement 1 Second: What has been woman's achievement in missionary effort in the past 7 Third: Are there elements of success in the past which should be conserved in future effort? Fourth: In the adequate Foreign Mission program of the Church, what place shall be assigned to women 7 That the missionary enterprise has from the beginning held a compelling interest for women is inevitable. 'Vho should throw themselves wholeheartedly into missions if not those who owe to Christ their very ability to espouse any cause f The peculiar driving power for women in the missionary effort lies in the determination to open up for others the life of freedom, service and endless possi- bility which Christ has given to them.

Consider also certain characteristics with which woman by na- ture is endowed: her protective, tender instincts which are aroused by accounts of suffering womanhood and unprivileged childhood- needs which only woman in her work for woman could meet; her adventuresome faith which is undaunted by distance or difficulty.

Columbus would have had a poor time with his proposed voyage of discovery, had he dealt solely with men. It was a woman who believed that it could be done. Think of woman's achievement in that far greater adventure of the discovery for other women of the fair land of fulness of life and freedom.

A brief historic perspective on the emergence of women into missionary activity reveals certain significant facts: Two months before Carey baptized his first convert in India, the "Boston Female Society for Missionary Purposes" was organized, nniting Congre- gational and Baptist women. Twenty-five years before Perry's deet entered the harbor of Yeddo, and thirty years before the Protestant Episcopal Church sent its first pioneer missiona.ry to Japan, a group of women in Brookline, Massachusetts, organized, and met regularly to pray for Japan and to contribute to its evangelization. In New ~ address delivered at the Foreign Missions Convention. Washington. 451

England the early societies rejoiced in the name "l!'emale Cent So- cieties," and of these not a few have existed to celebrate their Jubilee. .

With what consternation the men of the Church watched these doings of the women, is an old story. Turning in desperation to his elders, one Michigan pastor implored them to see to it that an elder be designated to attend each meeting, lest the women be in- discreet enough to offer voluntary prayer. There was no telling what women might pray for if left to themselves! A Board Secre- tary is on record as having said to his associates, "I cannot recom- mend bringing the women into this work." Of all these men one courageous soul stands out who staunchly maintained in the face of the other men "the help of pious females must not be spurned."

The economic condition of our country in the early part of the ninetee~th century was such that money was difficult to obtain. Out- side the spheres of domestic service and dressmaking there were no opportunities for women to earn money. The contributions to the missionary society, therefore, came in small amounts, and repre- sented chiefly the profits from selling eggs or butter or rags. No more illuminating illustration of the value of small gifts from many sources can be found than is revealed in the activity of those inde- fatigable women who went from door to door gathering small sums for the cause. How eloquent are the records found in the Treasurer's books of that day! Consider that first legacy received by the American Board, which was given by one Sally Thomas, a domestic whose wages never went beyond half a dollar a week, but who left to that Board three hundred and forty-five dollars and eighty-three cents!

Or listen to this letter written to the Treasurer of the Amer- ican Board in 1813: "Bath, New Hampshire. August 17, 1813.

"Dear Sir: "Mr. – – – will deliver $177 into your hands. The items are as follows: From an obscure female who kept the money for many years for a proper opportunity to hestow it upon a religious object ……………………………. $100.00 From an aged woman in Barnet, Vermont, heing the avails of a small dairy the past year …………… 50.00 From the same, being the avails of two superfious gar- ments ……………………………………. 10.00 From the Cent Societ.y in this place being half their annual subscription …………………………. 11.00 From a woman in extreme indigence. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . 1.00 . My own dona~ion, being the sum expended hitherto in . ardent spirits in my family, but now totally discon- tinued …………………………………… 5.00 Total •…..'.•……………..•…..•…….. $177.00."

WOMAN'S PLAOE IN THE MISSIONARY ENTEID'RISE

In recording the gifts of women in these early days it is only fair to make note of the fact that much of the earnings of one at least of the Cent Societies was gained from making false bosoms for the shirts of the theological students in Princeton Seminary. The only pattern the good women of the society had was for a man weighing some two hundred and fifty pounds. In the record of mis- sionary self-sacrifice full credit should go to the poor young theolo- gians who suffered the inconvenience of ill-fitting collar bands, and who bought the false bosoms from the women of the missionary society!

Look through the record of gifts in those early days, and we find that the name of the woman donor is often suppressed, but the name of the transmitting pastor or elder is recorded in full, as for example, "From a female friend of missions per the Rev. John Thomas Green."

There is, therefore, revealed in woman's early missionary ac- tivity a remarkable, far-seeing faith; prevailing prayer; and conspicuous sel~-denial. Missions held a tremendous appeal for women.

Of zeal and devotion there was no lack, but there was sore need of organization and revision of methods. The Civil War called forth from the women of our land a service in hospital and barracks and home which developed, as no other experience could, an organizing ability hitherto unknown. At the close of the Civil War, women carried this newly acquired ability in cooperation and in systematized effort to the unorganized missionary endeavor. Women who formerly had been content to sit at one end of the family pew and watch their husbands at the other end putting into the collection box the family contribution to the work of the Church, had experienced during the war years the exhilaration of handling money by themselves. They now gave themselves to organizing the finances of their own missionary societies and Bo~rds. Those men who viewed with misgiving the activity of women in the beginning were not so stupid after all. Something had indeed been started!

The women of the Church were prepared by thirty years of prayer and effort for missions to respond at once to the appeal made in 1834 by an American missionary from China who urged them to organize and undertake the work in non-Christian lands which only women would carry. The denominational Boards stoutly resisted this dangerous innovation, and for thirty years or more prevented the organization of women's boards. The urge to organize these boards could not, however, permanently be held in check. Timid women who in small societies had been almost prostrated by the thought of reading aloud a portion of a missionary letter, were so inspired by the necessity of an organization of women to conduct work for women, that a perfect epidemic of woman's organizations soon occurred. In 1861 the Woman's Union Missionary Society in

New York, an interdenominational organization, came into being. Other organizations soon followed, and by 1900 nearly every leading denomination had a ·Woman's Board. Today there are over forty Women's Boards with a combined annual income of over six million dollars. There are an equal number of Woman's Boards of Home Missions with an annual income almost as great. The work of these Boards and the perfection of their organization is well known. The same genius which characterized woman's efforts in the realm of· temperance and suffrage has organized in volunteer service a mighty host of eager, intelligent, purposeful women in community, county, state and nation. No phase of missionary activity is so justly appraised at its full value. Men and women alike are sound in their clear appreciation of it.

Consider for a moment the tremendous range of achievement of the woman's missiona:ry societies: in practically all the non-Christian lands of the earth they hold property; rent buildings; recruit and educate thousands of evangelists, Sunday-school specialists, teachers, !.lditors, doctors and nurses; provide an educational system from kindergarten through college; maintain hospitals; staff nurses' training schools and medical colleges. In many languages they edit women's and childrens' magazines and publish books. The culmination of the efforts of women is found in the establishment of seven women's college!,!, founded by the ·Woman's Boards of Scotland, England, Canada and the United States. Eighteen Woman's Boards brought to this united effort many diverse methods of organization, but one great aim inspired them all-namely the purpose to train a Christian leadership for the women of the Orient. Three million dollars was recently raised in the United States for these colleges under the able leadership of Mrs. Henry W. Peabody. The colleges are growing, enlarging their equipment and capacity; but they are holding absolutely to the Chrilbtian purpose of their existence. They are Christian to the backbone.

Add to this achievement on the foreign field the conspicuous success of women in establishing the great system of missionary education in the home Church which now touches even the most remote corner of every state in the Union, and who can contemplate this accomplishment without asking, How is it done 1 Surely we can with profit ask, as we review the achievement of women, what has been the secret of the effectiveness of women in the past 1 I am confident that the men of the Church wish above all things to conserve the rich heritage of woman's service for missions. I am equally sure that no adequate missionary program can be carried on, unless certain features of woman's service in the past be counted among the dynamics of our missionary endeavor. Let me be very explicit.

Two facts underlie the conspicuous success of woman's work:

WOMAN'S PLACE IN THE MISSIONARY ENTE:RPRISE

first, through long years of indefatigable effort the women of the Church have built up a system of communication from national Board headquarters down to the most remote individual church. This unbroken continuity of function has been accomplished in a brief half century. It is so effective in its working that, like Lincoln's rat hole, it will bear looking into! Ruthlessly to disrupt by any form of reorganization a system established by such incalculable effort and proved to be of such undeniable efficiency would be little short of madness.

The second secret of woman's success in the past is psychological. Women respond to a definite financial responsibility. They like to raise their own budget. They enjoy a dual relationship to missions as church members and as members of the woman's organization. Any missionary program for the Church which casts aside this wonderworking system of distinctive financial responsibility of women is doomed to failure. Possibly the remote future may hold a better plan but for the coming decade, I am convinced that no adequate missionary program can be built up by the Church which disregards these two aspects of th.e achievements of the past..

The logical masculine mind may not follow this form of argument, but it will be a sad day for missions if the women of the Church come to feel that any form of reorganization has taken from them their distinctive responsibility, and that their task as women is done.

In most denominations a new phase of the missionary program has been reached. In several communions an entire reorganization of the Church Boards has been effected which unites men and women on equal terms in board membership and on the staff of administrative officers. Women who in the past have shown an invincible spirit of entire consecration, and have done for the Church a monumental service without proper equipment, with inadequate salaries, and devoid of technical training, are now entering a new phase of activity, facing a wider opportunity in the work of missions. At this transitional stage, the Church may well give its best thought to the subjec~ of the partnership of men and women in this work.

There are certain attitudes in the Church at large and in Boards in particular, which will ensure success in our common effort; certain others spell unmistakable failure. I am no suffragist, but I cannot refrain from emphasizing certain perfectly clear elements in the situation in our churches today. Have we the courage to face all the far-reaching implications, and to make all the necessary readjustments which are involved in this partnership of men and women of which we so glibly speak1 A sense of mission inspired the women whose past achievements we today laud. Is the Church prepared to present to this generation of alert, capable young women a challenging, compelling task whose pull will be felt as much as the appeal from other fields of activity1 The Church must reckon with other avenues which are open to this generation of women. She must make

it very clear that she has work of such vital importance and of such far-reaching influence as to call for the fullest measure of service. She must show unmistakably that to do this work young women of the highest degree of training are needed who will in turn receive the same considerations in living conditions and salary which other occupations offer. Is the opportunity for missionary work in the Church today, both as administrative officers of the Church Boards and as volunteer workers in the capacity of board members and in the local church, act1tal or merely potential?

This is no theoretic matter. The Church at home and abroad must reckon with the awakened womanhood of the world. At one time we were perplexed by the modern movement among women. Now its direction and impulse are perfectly clear. The State thus far has been in advance of the Church in recognizing the changed situation. Is it not curious that this should be so, when from the Church came the first releasi.ng force to womanhood ?Whatever you may think of the modern movement among women, you must admit that the Church fostered it. I come to you with the deep conviction, born of my knowledge of young women and my experience in working with them, that the Kingdom of God is more nearly within the reach of the Church today than it ever was before, if only-if (Jnly, we can harness up to t.his missionary enterprise the boundless capacities, the trained energies, the fearlessness, the courage and the sincere desire to have a part. in the big business of thiR generation, which characterize the young women of today. If t.hus far the Church has failed to enlist them it is not wholly the fault of the young women; it is largely because the Church has not adequately presented its task..

In the East and in Europe young women are demanding freedom to live their highest life; to develop to the utmost the powers God has given them; to make their full contribution to the life of the world. The intelligent women of the Church have already turned to politics, business and international affairs. At the Institute of International Politics at Williamstown last summer, one third of the personnel was women. Are we offering young women an adequate opportunity to do a constructive work in the Church which will give scope for all their trained capabilities? Will the Church awaken in time to the fact that this new spirit of womanhood may become an instrument for the advancement of the kingdom of Him who chose women for his friends and shared with them His most profound spiritual truths'

Again let us be very explicit. We've talked in vague terms quite long enough. Printed reports and addresses without number theorize on this subject. We have come to the place today where we must face the fact that in working out an adequate missionary program for the Church, whatever share is assigned to women must be given her on the satisfactory and logical basis of ribility and capacity, and not on

WOMAN'S PLACE IN THE MISSIONARY ENTEiRPRISE

that of sex. I plead that woman be allowed to enter that natural relationship to which ,Jesus called her and which the early Church assigned her. If the future missionary program is to be carried through successfully, it must be done by men and women in a level partnership. We do not want a union which means merely diverting one of the separate streams into the channel of another. We want a union made necessary by the great task confronting the Church today which calls for something far greater than our past achievements if the non-Christian world is to be brought to Christ. Let us speak of union as though-to pursue the figure-the two separate streams had broken their banks and must now be guided into a broader, deeper channel of life-giving water.

In the home, in professions, in Church and in State, men and women are needing each other if the complete whole is to be attained. The work of neither alone is or can be wholly complete. Surely the task we are facing today is great enough to capture the imagination of men and women together. We need each other if our sympathies are to become broad enough, our courage high enough, our faith strong enough, our love deep and full enough to meet the requirement of the task in this day. We need as men and women a fresh discovery of the eternal and supreme obligation to give Christ to the world, which shall send us forth determined to stand together, each contributing his own best to the accomplishment of the enormous task to which God is calling our generation.

May God give us in this partnership a more inclusive view and a saner, broader judgment than either men or women could have working separately; and may He crown our united work with achievements and victories which could otherwise never come!

ONE GIRL'S INFLUENCE IN BRAZIL SOON after we took charge of the work in Sao Sebastiao do Paraiso, the girl who had been my mouthpiece in the Sunday school and the Girls' Club, and led the music in both, told me that she had been offered a place in her aunt's school in a near-by town. Her uncle was the chief man in the town, and his family had the entree into the best society.

There the girl, Haydee Machado, gathered around the piano on Sun- days the servants of the school, and a few of the boarders who liked the hymns. Gradually she told them stories from the Bible until before anyone was aware she had a Sunday school. The uncle's family began to read the Bible, and less and less t.o t.ake part in Sunday amusements. Later the teacher got permission to invite the missionaries. Rumors were afloat that their entrance in the city would not be permitted. However, nothing hap- pened to interfere, and the Gospe! was preached for the flrst time in that town.

The young woman's aunt became a professing Christian and thereby lost half of the pupils in her school. Two other members of her family also entered the fold and have become great influences for good. Every service held in the town has been well attended, and many Bibles and hymn books have been sold. A wealthy farmer has given a lot for the building of the church, when God shall open the way. MRS. EDWARD LANE.

Evangelism in

D R. A. G. FLETCHER of Korea writes of the results of hos- pital evangelism as practised in the Taiku (Presbyterian) hospital during the past two and a half years. The aim is (1) to preach the Gospel to every patient; (2) to win as many as possible to Christ; (3) to lead these converts to unite with a church, and (4) to lead each convert to witness to Christ among unbelieving neighbors. The method is (1) to organize the hospital staff into a. preaching society to care for the evangelistic work; (2) to send evangelists to the home of a hospital convert for one month and to seek, with the patient's help, to establish a church.

Three men evangelists and three Bible women are employed who work alterna.tely in pairs, one month in the hospital and the next in the country districts. The results have been very encouraging, both in winning converts and in establishing churches.

Each month a colporteur takes a number of letters from the hospital to patients in the country and on the way sells Bibles as his salary is paid by the Bible Society. The patients help by giving him an introduction to the villagers. They aim to establish one new group every month. During the past thirty months, they have es- tablished twenty-six churches. These churches have a total mem- bership of six hundred and twenty-five, and sixteen have their own church buildings.

Each evangelist is responsible for caring for his groups until turned over to a missionary pastor at the end of one year. At this time, each group must have: (1) A sufficient number of adherents to be able to pay its share of a helper's sala.ry; (2) officers capable of caring for its spiritual and material needs. The preaching society sends to the churches regularly letters of greeting and admonition. Members of the society go to the country and visit the groups when possible. In this way, the new Christians receive a touch of the joy of Christianity. Also each month the society mimeographs and sends out to each group a sermon prepared by the evangelist working in the hospital. This is to give spice to the attempts at sermons given by the new and often unexperienced leader selected from among the new Christians. Officers of new groups are urged to attend Bible institutes and Bible classes. The six evangelists and colporteur each make a report at the monthly meeting of the preaching society.

The preaching to patients within the walls of a hospital is not sufficient to win them to Christ in the majority of cases. Neither is it enough to follow them by post or in person. We must devise .a plan whereby the opposition and persecution of relatives and friends will be turned into sympathy and support. Sending evangelists to the non-Christian home town of hospital converts helps them to win the patient's relatives and friends for Christ.

458

Truth about the

A REVIEW, BY DR. HARRY FARMER, OF "THE PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINEB." BY FRANK CHARLES LAUBACH, PH.D."

RECENT articles, under the general title of the "Isles of Fear," have appeared in the various papers throughout the country, evidently written to prove that the people of the Philippines ure not ready for their political independence. Dr. Laubach, a missionary of the American Board, could have had no knowledge of the newspaper arti('les, since his book was in press before they began to appear. Dr. Laubach's book deals with facts as he has seen them. At times he has some things to say which are not very complimentary to the Filipinos, but one cannot read the pages without concluding that they are a wonderful people and capable of high development.

Dr. Laubach came to the Philippines when missionary work was already well advanced, but he went to the Island of Mindanao which had been little cultivated up to that time. He was at the first station established by the American Board Mission at Davao, but later moved to the north coast and pushed the work in all directions, cooperating with the. Presbyterians, who sent down preachers from Negros, as well as many fine young men who graduated from the Silliman Institute in Dumaguete. Upon return from furlough in 1920, Dr. Laubach took up work in the Union Theological Seminary of Manila, and has become deeply interested in the student life of the Islands. He believes in the Filipinos, and feels the day is coming when they should have complete control of the country.

'''1'he People of the Philippines" is a religious book and presents the best history of Christian missions in the Philippines that has yet appeared. Everyone who has had anything to do with the wonderful development of the people and the Islands during the last quarter of a century will find it very interesting reading, even casual readers who care little or nothing for the Church.

The religious tendency is strong in the Filipino people, and is probably an inheritance from the Malay race. When the Spaniards came in 1521, the people were Mohammedans, and because of the attempt to convert the natives by force, Magellan and many of his followers were slain. Prior to the coming of the Moslem missionaries, there was intercourse with Indian customs and religious practices, and the people were also greatly influenced by visits from China. There was always a reaching out after God. This can be seen in the present practices of the pagan Igorots of northern Luzon, and those of the interior of Mindanao in the far south.

• Published by Doran, New York. 1924. 465 PP. $3.50 net.

459

With the coming of the Spaniards and their superior forces, the Malays were obliged to submit, though they were never completely conquered. In honor of King Philip, the Islands were called the Philippines. It was either baptism or the sword. The sword conquered, but the people always aspired for independence in all matters of thought, religion and politics. Dr. Laubach speaks charitably, yet plainly, concerning the almost 400 years of Spain and Romanism when the people were given a medireval civilization, with a fanaticism and superstition bred in ignorance. From one to three per cent only were given any form of education, and for the most part only those who could assist in matters of State and Church. One history states that in the last one hundred years of Spanish domination, there were twenty-one insurrections, the last one being so successful that the Government gave the leaders 800,000 pesos to leave the country. Leaders of the revolutions were killed and deported by the hundreds, and at one time 1,500 were shot on the Luneta. The last great murder was that of Jose Rizal" now called the Father of his country, who was shot at the instigation of. the Friars, because he would not recant and receive the absolution of the Church. It was well for the Catholic Church that America stood for religious liberty in the early days, for the people hated both Spain and Rome. The Spanish friars and priests were not safe outside of Manila.

A few years ago 3,000,000 people under a Filipino, Bishop Aglipay, organized an Independent Filipino Church,. based largely on the practices of the Roman Catholic Church, except confession and allegiance to the Pope. A large number of municipalities voted Rome out and the Independents in, turning over the large churches and converts to the Aglipayan priests. In due time, through processes of law, Rome regained these properties and the "Independientes" were forced to build bamboo churches. Attempts were made to use this new church organization largely for political purposes, and great theological difficulties have been encountered. Nevertheless, the Church, with possibly less numbers, is stronger than ever today, and is becoming more like the evangelical churches. The people will not submit to a foreign potentate like the Pope. They want both ecclesiastical and political independence. They love the United States and are grateful for the benevolent paternalism which has been exercised, but feel the time has come to give them entire independence, with such arrangements as will guarantee mutually happy and beneficial relationships.

Missionaries came in the early days of American occupation. In fact, some were to be found among the soldiers. Seven great denomiuations of the Evangelical Church were represented through their several Boards of Foreign Missions. The Protestant Episcopal Mission specialized on the Moslems and the wild tribes, while the other six Missions delimited the territory to avoid overlapping. The

1925J THE TRUTH ABOUT. THE PHILIPPINES

Evangelical Union is stronger than ever today, and has Filipino representatives in its membership. This fellowship makes possible a unity of action which promises a more speedy evangelization of the Islands. Many union institutions prove the fine spirit of cooperation, the centraf example being that of the Theological Seminary in Manila, which trains preachers for all churches. With Bible, hymn book, union periodicals and other Christian literature in common, there is great promise of one great Evangelical Church, manned and supported by the Filipinos.

This is a story to rejoice the heart of those who love to see the Gospel spread abroad in the earth. What trophies of Christ's power! Scores in the Christian ministry, and hundreds more found in all walks of life, teachers, lawyers, doctors, business men. The innate hospitality. and kindliness of the Filipino, tinctured by the Christ love, makes a visit to the Christian homes a joy long to be remembered. No mission field has developed so many self-supporting churches in so brief a period of time. It is not done without sacri- :fice, but it means the laying of a natural foundation which will support a strong Church of the future.

The Evangelical missions have had little need to establish schools, as this has been done by the Government. A few parish schools only have been opened, but a number of secondary schools, and only one high-grade institution-Silliman Institute. The students have been reached through the Christian dormitory, opened near the high schools, and at the University in Manila. Boys and girls have been gathered into these institutions, helped in their school work, and have been given an opportunity to :find their Lord and worship Him in spirit and in truth. The Sunday-school has had a wonderful development. The young people educated in English in the public schools have received through correspondence and in Bible institutes, traiJling in religious education, which has made them leaders in the Sunday-sehools, and in the Proyincial and National Sunday School Unions. This is a forward-looking enthusiastic institution, and will prove the bulwark of the Church.

The Roman Catholic Church has not been untouched by this Evangelical movement. American Jesuits and other American prelates have come to the Islands to take up the training of the Filipino youth and to introduce new methods. The effects are already seen in renovation of church buildings, introduction of pews, organization of Sunday-schools, young people's societies and other aetivities, which appeal to the youth of the land.

The author looks forward to the day when Filipino missionaries will go into all countries of the Far }i~ast and aid in the work of evangelization. Already they have gone to their countrymen in Hawaii, and some have begun work in Malaysia and Java.

Power of a Gospel

BY ABDUL-FADY (ARTHUR T_ UPSON), NILE MISSION PRESS, CAIRO A SCRAP of paper may be used to change the fortunes of a man, a nation, or even of the world. The Bible Societies issne single gospels or epistles, but the Nile Mission Press portionettes contain short, selected passages of Scripture on a special subject. A gift of $5,000 paid for no less than 1,200,000 portionettes, which included eighteen historical SUbjects, twelve doctrinal, seven on parables and miracles, one for Jews upon the Epistle to the Hebrews, and six on the Sermon on the Mount.

Some of these portionettes are given out by the broadcasting method, the object being to cover as much ground as possible in a short space of time. As an illustration, Mr. Porter of the Egypt General Mission, writes: ""'Ve left here early on Wednesday morning by road and on this trip we distributed 4,000 portionettes."

There is also the intensive method of dealing with individuals. Standing in a main thoroughfare, at the turning point for the licensed brothels, and right in a constant stream of traffic, a worker will hand to every passer-by-as fast as his fingers can move-a copy of a purity or a temperance tract, while the worker behind will hand him one of the Scripture portionettes. None are refused or torn.

Meanwhile a third worker is busy "buttonholing" those who have slipped past the first two pickets, and exhorts them to give up sin. Often we are able to give a clear message even amid the distressing sights, sounds and scenes. During four years from 1918 to 1922, not less than 80,000 young men have received these tracts from a single worker. Two such helpers-Gohar Effendi, an American Mission evangelist, and Sheikh Iskandar, a converted Moslem, baptized by the Church Missionary Society twenty years ago-distributed 15,000 leaflets and portionettes during the summer of 1923. As a result, hundreds of young men have been rescued.

The Nile Mission Press has also issued fifty varieties of colloquial porti@nettes in simple Arabic. The publications of the Press go to thirty lands, and hearty welcome comes from even the most barren of all lands-north and east of Arabia.

Arrangements have now been made to produce a large Arabic edition of some larger portionettes on Bible subjects. The selections are wisely made and give the reader a clear conception of the Biblical system of truth, creation, preservation, sin and redemption. On each page is a reading from the Scripture in large print, and at the top and bottom are related passages in smaller type.

Who shall estimate "The Power of a Gospel Portionette"~ 462

M….-B.-.-.-TH=eOcDu.Sas .@

EDITED BY MRS. E. C. CROl'.'X, 728 M1!HLENBURG BLDG., PHILADELPHIA, PA.

COMMUNITY CELEBRATIONS hand to make sure of good order. By R10V. H~:NRY MOEHLING Exactly at nino o'clock the bugle Pastor of Gethsemane Lutheran Church, sounds. Every door in the block is thrown open and out of the doors Philadelphia, Pa.

Philadelphia is a city of communi- come the boys and girls and the men ties with a community spirit. Some and women. Everyone gathers of the communities sub-divide them- around the stand_ A local clergyman selves into blocks, and organize for begins the day's festivities with the celebration of outstanding days: prayer, and makes a very short talk Christmas, Flag Day, Decoration Day about the importance of the day to and Fourth of July. the community. Old Glory is raised For all of these celebrations great high on the staff as everyone joins preparations are made, and a fine in singing" The Star Spangled Ban- spirit pirevaiIs- ner." As the string is pulled unfurl- In one block in West Philadelphia iug the flag hundreds of little flags in which there are thirty houses on float through the air becoming the each side of the street, the residents prize and pride of the c.rowd that is have formed an association to cele- constantly growing larger and larger.

brate the festival days of interest to Later a whistle sounds and the boys everyone. and girls know it is time for the con- On Christmas eve there is a block tests to begin. First come the four- Christmas tree with carolers from all year-olds with their Kiddie Kars, folthe home~ singing Christmas carols. lowed by other contests of various Flag Day and Decoration. Day are types with contestants of various ages.

gala occasions with special decora- At H: 30 A. lVI. a signal is given tions, and the Fourth of July celebra- and everybody goes home to lunch. tion is one of the greatest events of Since extra preparations were made the year. July third is a busy day. the day before lunches are over in a • Cooking is done in advance and all short time. At 12: 45 the band apthe preparations are made for the pears, and at one o'clock the overture coming holiday. The street is roped is played. Immediately the street is off, festooned and decorated with filled. Ponies and pony carts are on bunting, and lanterns. In the center hand and the children, with free of the block a large stand is erected tickets, enjoy an hour of joyous rides with seats for a twenty or thirty piece for the length of the block and back hand and a speaker's platform. Every again. In the meantime a ventrilofamily invites guests from "back quist is ready with his act and the home" or "up country," or from crowd around the stand is having its other sections of the city. Every share of entertainment. Various other member of the various families and features are introduced, differing all the guests receive a patriotic paper somewhat from year to year. Always hat, and for the children there is a a soloist of note adds to the real special gift of ice cream and candy. value of the program.

On the morning of the Fourth all By four o'clock the audience is is in readiness withjJ'olicemen on ready fur the speakers who have been 463

invited by the Committee on Arrange- Very naturally the pastor led the ments. After the speaking there is a conversation to his church on the cor- lull and evervone lmderstands that it ner. '1'he policeman told him that he is the "Do-what-you-Please" Hour. wa& a Jew, and thanking him for the Neighbors visit with neighbors, and a lemonade turned to go.

general friendliness fills the air, until "My wife and boy will be out this time to go home for the evening meal. afternoon," he called as he started At 6: 45 there is another bugle call, down the steps.

and "the block" reappears in the "Bring them around to see us,"

costumes of colonial days, represent- called the pastor cordially.

ing patriotic personages and events. Later on the policeman came back .A. line of parade is formed. Horses, with his wife and son. Jew and Gen- wagons, automobiles-any type of tile, they sat on the stone steps and conveyance that can be commandeered chatted pleasantly together. The . for service is on hand for what "the wife was a member of a Christian block" is pleased to call "The Best church, but the boy had never been Parade in West Philadelphia." to Sunday-school.

.A. schedule has been arranged with "My ooy must go to Sunday- other blocks that are having parades school," announced the father. "I so that each may visit the other, and want him to be in a Christian Sun- all have a vote in which parade is best. day-school. Would you accept him Prominent. speakers are introduced in yours'"

-senators, congressmen and others , 'Indeed we would," answered the who may be available-and their re- pastor. "We'll be glad to have him marks are greeted with enthusiastic as a member of our school and glad applause. to have you and your wife come with Eight-thirty arrives and the whole him."

block is bright with many-colored lan- One Sunday evening a few weeks terns, and the evening's program be- later a policeman slipped into the gins, planned especially for the young corner seat of the last pew in the folks. church. Unafraid in situations which At some time during the day prac- called for valor, he was timid when tically everyone in "the block" has he entered the door of a Christian been on the street. Opportunities for church. ·The cordial welcome he re- acquaintance and friendship are to ceived soon made him feel at home be found on every hand. and he came again and again.

On one of these Fourth of July One year went by. Another year • celebration days a pastor who lived in .was added to it. Then one day he "the block" sat on his porch. Since said to the pastor: early in the morning he had been mov- "Will you baptize me' I want to ing around through the crowd, renew- be a Christian." ing old acquaintances or making new "Indeed I will," answered the pasones. The bowl that had been filled with lemonade at the beginning of tor. "When will you be baptized'" the day was almost empty now. Many "'Whenever you wish," was the guests had stopped at the parsonage earnest answer. that day to greet the pastor and his wife. As the policeman on the beat Mter several months of special inpassed, the pastor called, "Won't you struction he was baptized. Two years have some cold lemonadeT" have passed. Every other Sunday night, when he is off duty, this faith- ful Christian Hebrew is in church, The policeman's eyes brightened at and his daily life and conversation the cordiality of the invitation and testify that. his Christianity is gen- the tinkle of the ice !tgainst the sides uine.

of the bowl. Between the sips of , Neighborly friendship will do much lemonade he talked with the pastor. . to win men and women to the Christ

BEST METHODS

who gave "as thyself" for the stand- as the Pitkin Class, is limited pracard by which we should measure our tically by the capacity of the room in love to our neighbor. which meetings are held. These classes, so far as attendance and ad- MOULDING THE PLASTIC AGE ministration are concerned, are self- By MURDOCK McLEOD governing, self-promoting, and self- In the Shadyside Church of Pitts- perpetuating groups, for they have burgh, of which Dr. Hugh Thompson been meeting now continuously for Kerr is pastor, there assembles every twelve years with unabated interest,. week for religious instruction and eager for the first meeting in the fall spiritual guidance two groups of stu- and reluctant to disband in the dents from the near-by universities spring. The sessions terminate about in two Bible classes which in some May 1st.

a respects are altogether unique. Every Piractically every class and every Thursday evening group of some department of these schools, and fifty or sixty students from Carnegie many religious denominations are Institute of Technology gathers about represented in these two groups. They the table for supper in a pleasant present a cross section of the student room in the church and spends an life of these two great universities.

hour facing and discussing the seri- While regular courses of Bihle ous and practical problems of religion study are conducted by Dr. Kerr as and life, and· the following Friday teacher, the students are allowed to from eighty to one hundred students submit in writing questions for dis- from the University of Pittsburgh cussion. On the day of my visit the meet for lunch in the same room for questions submitted covered a wide a similar purpose. The lunches served range of subjects, all the way from are free to the students, being the "double standard of morals," to financed by individuals and prepared the problems of predestination. Ques- and !';erved by the women of Dr. tions thm; submitted for discussion Kerr's church. must represent real problems or per- .A few days ago the writer had the plexities in the life or thought of those privilege of sitting as a visitor at a who present them. Nothing superfi- session of each of these classes, and cial or trivial, and no questions of was impressed, as anyone must be mere, idle curiosity are accepted.

who has a similar privilege, with sev- There is the utmost frankness in pre- eral unusual features. senting these questions and everyone Noting thc promptness and eager- so presented is considered seriously ness with which these young people and if possible answered with the assembled for this hour of social fel- same frankness and sincerity. There lowship and Bible study, it was quite is no attempt on the part of the natural to inquire what means or teacher to evade or substitute, or methods were employed to secure their merely moralize. Both teacher and attendance and how the attendance student are alike honest seekers after was kept up, every seat being filled. truth.

"The problem is not to keep up the These group gatherings partake of attendance, " replied the president of the nature of a Bible class, a forum the elass, "but to hold it down, that and a sort of confessional, for in this is, to keep it within the limits neces- atmosphere of sincerity and frankness sary for the best results." a mutual confidence between student The Thursday evening class, known and teacher prevails. The student as the "Toknon," fixes its own limit, feels that to this place he may come vacancies being filled by voting the with the problems that perplex him, applicant into membership in the assured of the utmost help.

class. The second, composed of Pitts- As a teacher of such groups of alert, burgh University students and known inquiring and open-minded students, 4

Dr. Kerr is peculiarly fitted. He has have not participated in the survey. a remarkable grasp of the funda- And each one thus taking part is to mental truths of the Christian reli- center petition upon a specific point. gion; understands the student mind Following out this plan closely, at and has those qualities of conviction, the last meeting a dozen different courage, tact and sympathy which people took part, and the entire prestudents admire in a teacher. He has lude did not occupy as much as fifa ready perception and appreciation teen minutes. 'rhus the main feature of the problem involved; a direct of the evening's program is given way of getting at the root of the mat- ample time, and variety is introduced ter; a most interesting and convinc- into the proceedings. ing way of revealing and applying the salient truths. He can make his Possibly a sample of the "reports" remarks pointed without wounding given may be suggestive. Take that and can differ without offending or of India: alienating. " A cable from ~elhi announces the When we think of the hundreds of passing of a resolution in the India young people, who during the past A.ssembly looking to a reduction of twelve years have passed through his opium use, and providing for a comclasses, found new light on the prob- mittee to examine into the Governlems of life, and a firmer footing of ment Opium Policy. In the discusfaith, we are sure that here is a man sion following the introduction of the who is doing much to mould aright a resolution, Sir Basil Blackett, Finance part at least, of the plastic age. Member, announced the government policy as aiming at a maximum of A "SWIFT SURVEY" revenue with a minimum output of opium, declaring that India has done By DAVID MCCONAUGHY more than any other country to re- duce the use of opium, and that at Uppel' Montclair, N. J. heavy loss of revenue. But it will not be forgotten that when the Amer- The Monthly Missionary Meeting ican delegates withdrew f.rom the Inof the Presbyterian Church of Upper ternational Opium Conference at Montclair, :t'j.. .J., regularly features, Geneva a few months ago, it was by way of prelude, a Swift Survey of mainly beeause the English repreworld events. Each of the seven sentative of the India Government remembers of the Missionary Commit- jected the proposal to prohibit the tee is assigned a segment of the circle production of opium except for meof the world-field as follows: dicinal purposes, and it is worthy of note that when this subject came up Our Home Land China in the India Assembly the principal Latin America India speech was made by a Christian, Dr. Africa Japan ·Chosen S. K. Datta, a speech which Sir Moslem World Basil himself described as ' a moderate The understanding is that the swift and sincere exposition of the tempersurvey will be kept "swift" in fact ance view of the suhject.' In contrast as well as in name. Each one is con- to it was the appeal made by Mr. fined to one minute, at the close of COsgrove, an English o:f6;cial, on bewhich, if necessary, the leader rises half of the coolies of Assam, who, he as a silent signal that the time is up. said, found a moderate use of opium It is not expected that anyone will a preventative of the evil effects of make a speech, but simply report a hard work and illness! Mr. McAllum, fact within the compass of a night another English official, defended the letter. The fact in each case is to be Burmah Government and ridiculed selected with special reference to call- some of the statistics cited, as not ing forth prayer, and when the cycle taking into account the consumption of reports has been completed, at once a season of prayer follows, in which those are asked to take part who

of opium by elephants, who he said, in the programs, supplemented by attake it in large doses!" tractive invitations to genuine friend- liness, since all are now in America. FROM ALL NATIONS, BUT The venture has now passed the ex- perimental stage and is proving its AMERICANS ALL worth in the increasing sociability of the women who attend. MRS. FRANK M. GOODCHILD The programs are varied from One of the l1W..t hopeful (woo'1r1>plishments month to month, the foreign women alrmg the 'cay of ilnter-racial friendship I1/l!d themselves furnishing the entertain- 'unilerstanding is being wrought out in New ment. One foreign group will be the York City by a {!roup of wom6'1'll in a month- reception committee, welcoming the ly Friendly Meeting. Mrs. Goodchild tells arrivals at the doors. Another group of the programs in a way thM will be sug- will serve the ;refreshments, taking gestive to other women who may Wl1/l!t to particular delight in offering some try the plan in other cities. national dainty as a surprise. The meeting opens with two or three Racial antipathy is one of the prim- popular hymns, one or two verses of itive instincts of humanity and yields each, sung without books, and often but slowly to the pacifying influence in several different languages, since of either civilization or culture. Even the older women may not understand followers of the Christian religion English. The Scripture is read by must battle long and hard against this one group in concert, and prayer is elemental dislike of one race for an- offered by a member of some other other. This aloofness may pass mus- race. The program continues from ter in countries where the foreign eight until nine and the next hour is population is small or isolated, but in devoted to games and refreshments. America, where the long-time citizen The games are of the variety to inis but a few generations removed from clude all. One evening picture postbeing himself a foreigner, and where cards of places in New York were cut he must perforce rub elbows with the into two irregular parts and distriblatest arrivals from. the ends of the uted, and the company became sucearth, a laissez-faire attitude is im- cessfully mixed in matching their possihle for either comfort or safety. Especially in Christian communities cards. or organizations, the hostile attitude should be broken down by the con- In F'ebruary the program took the vincing demonstration of some com- form of a Hero Night. One member mon interest. of each foreign congregation wrote on the blackboard the name of her Since women are notably the con- country's greatest hero and told the servatives of the world, yielding more reason :fo,r the choice, then the whole readily to prejudice because of the group sang a verse of their national narrow confines of domesticity, they anthem. Presently the names o:f are morc liable to the petty offenses twelve natable heroes were on the of racial antagonisms, and even board, and some of the women were though the Halian man may develop quite eloquent in their praises of a tolerable friendship for the Czecho- their countrymen. Garibaldi, Con- Slovak who works beside him, their fucins, Tolstoy, Booker Washington, wives are apt to pass each other with and Luther were all written there. a stony stare even in the church build- Then Washington and Lincoln were ing where both races hold their meet- added, with a word about their great ings. service to our country, and small pictures of these two patriots were In New York City an effort is be- distributed. A talk followed about ing made to associate the women of the "Name that is above every some of the foreign-speaking churches name, " and high oyer all the names in a monthly Friendly Meeting, and adopting the principle of Dr. Hahnemann that "Like cures like," liberal doses of nationality a,re administered

on the board was hung a card with patience, the utilization of every the name of Jesus Christ in illumi- amusement that is common to woman- nated letters, while the audience sang, kind, and a refusal to be defeated by "Take the Name of Jesus With You." occasional discouragement-these are Tiny American flags were given out all the equipment required to realize and held aloft while all sang, the same results in any town of for- "Our fatl18rs' God to Thee, eign populations.

Author of liberty, 'To Thee we sing." HOW A CHURCH CAN HELP A lively game of geography fin- ABOLISH WAR ished the evening. The star field of By DR. SIDNEY L. GULICK a 'large American flag was covered Every church in America should with plain blue muslin and forty- have a real share in the Christian eight white paper stars were given crusade to abolish war if it desires to out. Those holding the stars came do its full part in establishing the up and pinned them in plac.e, each Kingdom of God. There are several naming from memory a state of the things which every church, large or Union, and so re-making the field of small, can do. the states. Pro-mptly at ten o'clock there is always a great handshaking 1. Observe Armistice Day, Novemas we sing, "Good-night ladies, we're ber 11th, or Armistice Sunday by going to leave you now. " some appropriate service, and also provide in the Sunday-school, at least A "Grown-Up Kindergarten" twice a year, on the Sundays nearest proved a fascinating evening, the May 18th and Novemher 11th, an women sitting obediently on the tiny exercise or lesson on the abolition of chairs and going through the daily war and the way to achieve and mainkindergarten program, the talk be- tain permanent world peace. May ing, "How maya New York woman 18th, formerly .known as "Hague know that spring is coming." The Day" in commemoration of the first regular kindergarten games followed, Hague Conference (1899), since the skipping and Goosey Gander and all war is being observed as "Interthe rest, then refreshments of cocoa national Goodwill Day." and alphabet crackers, and every woman colored and cut out and 2. Promote the use of study courses pasted into form a life-size bluebird on World Justice and Peace by each to take home for happiness. of the groups and classes of young people and adults as a part of the Easter offered opportunity for an regular program during the year '8 "Egg Exchange" and a talk on "The activities. Four or five courses for legends of Easter, rabbits, eggs, study classes are now available and chickens and other Easter toys." at least two others are in course of Each woman brought a c.olored egg with her n am e and nationality preparation. scratched on it. These were collected 3. Establish a Peace Workers' and then redistributed so that no Library for the use of church memone should have her own. Then the bers and definitely encourage its use. leader called the name on the egg One or two dozen volumes would proshe had, and that woman stood up. vide the church a very good variety In turn she called the name on the and enable the readers to secure a egg she held until every woman in well-balanced view of the prohlems of the room was standing. They all war and peace.

took home their eggs, each with the 4. Adopt some declaration of faith name of a new friend. and purpose to work for a warless After all there is nothing remark- world. The" International Ideals"

able in the event. Sympathy, friend- of the churches might serve as a liness, careful preparation, infinite model or be adopted as it stands.

19'25] BEST METHODS

Interna.tional Ideals of the Churches should see that the entire membership of the church is informed and in- of Christ in America spired.

I. We believe that nations no less A Concrete Case than individuals are subject to God'8 immutable moral laws. The Broadway Tabernacle Church of New York City has already done II. We believe that nations achieve four of these five things, and is in true welfare, greatness and honor process of taking the fifth step, numonly through just dealing and unsel- ber four of the abo'Ve list. fish service. Its "Council 0 n International III. We believe that nations that Goodwill" consists of two representaregard themselves as Christian have tives each of the Church Committee, special international obligations. t.he Sunday-school, the Women's Missionary Society, the Young Men's IV. We believe that the spirit of Club and the Christian Endeavor So- Christian brotherliness can remove ciety. The Council meets when every unjust barrier of trade, color, called by the Chairman. The Comcreed and race. mittee on Literature has established an unusually fine collection of books V. We believe that Christian pa- for Peace Workers. The Council triotism demands the practice of printed a special flier on the World goodwill between nations. Court qucstion, which was distributed through the pews one Sunday morn- VI. We believe that international ing in January, 1925. All the groups policies should secure equal justice cooperated in securing signatures for all races. from church members to a petition to the Senate on the World Court ques- VII. We believe that all nations tion. A special committee of the should associate themselves perma- Council presented the World Court nently for world peace and goodwill. question to the New York City Federation of Churches, with a view VIII. We believe in international to having the matter acted on by all law, and in the universal use of in- the churches of New York. The ternational courts of justice and Council is preparing plans for observboards of arbitration. ing Goodwill Day in the Sunday- school. IX. We believe in a sweeping reduction of armaments by all nations. When fifty thousand churches follow this splendid example, the X. We believe in a warless world, Crusade for a Warless World will be and dedicate ourselves to its achieve- well on its way. ment. Churches or individuals desiring 5. Establish a Church Committee further information on this Crusade or Council on International Goodwill for a Warless World may write to to serve as the visible expression of the Federal Council of the Churches the interest of the church in world of Christ in America, 105 East 22d peace, to carry forward the various Street, New York City. peace activities of the church, and to cooperate with other churches in com- "That life is most worth living whose munity enterprises and programs in the establishment of a Christian work is most worth while." world order. "If we have not enough in 'our religion This committee, in the Case of a small church, might consist of only to drive us to share it with all the world, two persons besides the pastor. But it is doomod h~,re at home." every church should lay upon some two or three members the responsibil- "Other people arc talking brotherhood; ity of keeping in touch with other churches in this matter, so that it will the missionary is exemplifying it." be ready to do its part when the time for action comes. The committee

Woman's Home Mission

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QmxLAN, 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK CITY FARM AND CANNERY MIGRANTS came interested and in some cases at- By MARY EDITH P. OLIVER, tended evening classes and shared in Q.haitrman of the Committee the recreation. Bible stories were Another year of service among dramatized, verses learned and gos- Farm and Cannery Migrants has pels of Mark given to the children. demonstrated the immediate and vital They loved "the little red books." need of this work, and the successful One of the favorite verses was John 3: 16, and the hymns most often called program carried out wherever we for were" Jesus Loves the Little Chil- have had our stations has convinced dren of the World" and "Beneath the Committee that a practical solu- the Cross of Jesus." One little boy tion of the problem has been found. when asked the meaning of the phrase, The Women's Home Mission Boards "in the burning- of the noon-tide heat, "

of twelve denominations have coop- said," Oh! yes, that means being nice erated: Baptist, Christian, Congre- and good when it's hot and we're gational, Evangelical, Free Methodist, down in the fields. picking beans.!" Methodist Episcopal, Presbyterian, U. S. A., United Presbyterian, Prot- Undernourished children weI' e estant Episcopal, Reformed in Amer- given special attention; first aid was iea, Reformed, U. 8., United Breth- a daily occurrence, not only for the ren, the budget now beiug $10,000. children, but for the older boys, girls Under the able leadership of the and parents at work in the canneries.

Executive Supervisor, Miss Laura H. Children were taken to the hospital Parker, the eastern stations have in- by our workers when their mothers eluded two at Bel Air, Maryland, one could not leave their work.

each at Riverton, New Jersey, Stew- The daily program included day artstown, Pennsylvania, and Hurlock, nursery, playground work, les'Sons in Maryland, among Poles, Lithuanians, Am e I' i can citizenship, sanitation, Italians and Negroes. 'fhe program home making and Christian living, has covered varying periods of from with Bible stories and prayer.

four to eight weeks according to local At Stewartstown the handwork of conditions and needs. The coopera- the children merited the award of tion of managers of eastern canneries, first prize at the County Fair.

and their expressed appreciation, has The activities of the Supervisor been helpful and encouraging. have included in part, the selection As heretofore, most of the workers of the workers, supervision of the at the stations were college girls who eastern stations and, through corre- responded to this opportunity for spondence, those in the West, present- service. The applicants were so un- ing the need and the program to usually well prepared that it was dif- college groups, 10 c a I federations, ficult to choose. The personnel at each women's and young people '8 mission- station was, therefore, remarkably fine, ary societies, women's clubs and and under the guidance of these leaders schools of missions. The use of the most satisfactory progress was made. stereopticon lecture has been helpful The central theme chosen was The and effective, the two sets being much Home in Relation to Health, Educa- in demand.

Hon and Religion. Not only did the Many of the committee members children respond wonderfully to this have contributed generously of their broad program, but their mothers be- time in the interest of publicity, nn- 470 merous addresses haviNg been made Don Nunamaker Ranch in Hood by them. The Committee on Student River County financed jointly by sev- Work has cooperated in the presenta- eral apple growers, the parents of the tion of the program to various col- children enrolled and the Committee leges and schools. on Farm and Cannery Migrants.

"The Kingdom of Love," a pag- After weighing applications from eant written for the Committee by more than thirty cities and counties Ruth Mougey Worrell was most suc- in the eleven Pacific coa.t and Rocky cessfully given at the Northfield In- Mountain states, the Cc;mmonwealth terdenominational Hom eMission Fund has chosen Marion County, Ore- Conference in July, 1924. gon, of which Salem is the County < seat, for a Child Health Demonstra- The latest development has been in tion, thus proving the pressing need the Northwest, where at the request of that' district. The population is of an interdenominational group of estimated at 55,000, 90% Americanwomen, under the immediate super- born. It is essentially rural, Salem "ision of Miss Louise F. Shields work having a population of 25,000. The has been begun in Salem among the varied crops-berries, nuts, hops, flax hop pickers and among the apple har- -and the developing dairying and vesters in the Hood River Valley, canning interests indicate a great Oregon. It is estimated that there variety of resources as well as probare 50,000 migratory workers in that lems incident to a chronic migratory section during the summer and fall, labor population. .As aptly expressed many Americans, some Orientals. by Miss Shields, it is "salvaging bruised and broken lives for the Miss Shields, who is also secretary Kingdom of God." of the Seasonal Employment Commission of Oregon had made a survey Taking into consideration the army in 1923, following a trip in 1922 to a of migratory children in California, estimated at from five to ten thousand, large hop ranch which convinced her many of whom "as fast as Nature of the need of work. At this ranch turns the cycle pick the crops"; the she had persuaded the owner to put young people in the Alaskan canon a program of health and recrea- neries, the children in the beet fields tion. As our representative during of Colorado and Michigan and in the the season of 1924 she has been" sell- onion marshes of Ohio-aU of whom ing the idea" to various ranch owners need just this type of Christian social and paving the way for a much larger service-it is the hope of the Commitprogram another year. Many of the tee that increased resources will make children in the West, as in the East, possible the development of the work are under-nourished and are suffering wherever migratory families can be from serious physical handicaps. reached.

It is gratifying to know that a be- A social worker in a large organiginning has been made in Oregon ~ation writes of this Farm and Canalong the line of citizensnip training. nery service, "It is the soundest piece Through the Oregon Superintendent of Americanization work it has been of Public Instruction it was found my gratification to see." that many of the children do not attend school because the parents want Mary E. McDowell, Commissioner their earnings, or because they feel of Public WeHare in the city of Chiunable to buy suitable clothing or cago, reminds us that "in the playbooks, or because their period of resi- time of their lives, over one million dence is too short in any community children are working for wages in this to make it worth while. Two schools 'land of the brave and the home of were maintained at the Horst ranch the free.' These children are from in Polk County during the hop har- ten to fourteen years of age, and don't vest with all expenses paid by the forget tbat they are the seed corn of ranch manage!llent, and one at· the

the nation's future and the fruit of its for use and a bibliography are to be past. The child who goes to the wage- inclUded in the chapters.

earning world before his playtime of It will be about 128 pages and will life is over is cheated of his God-given be published for the Federation ana rights. The weary child is apt to be Council by the Central Committee or.

weak physically, and is generally the the United Study of Foreign Mission!>.

bitter-sour man that is quarrelsome All orders should be sent to MiSb and cannot think straight. The over- M. H. Leavis, West Medford, Mash.

worked girls cannot be the strong. The price will probably be 30 cents b mothers of vigorous children. It is single copy, 25 cents in lots of ten..

an awful thing for any country to make her children weary-worn. You, THE BLIND as patriotic Americans, will demand Items from the report or the Committee or the Home Missions Council a.nd Council of that every child, black or white, for- eign-born or American-born, shall Women for Home Missions. Irene Ha.islip. Ohairman. have a right to play and work under conditions that give the spiritual life The National Committee for the a chance to develop, for we must never Prevention of Blindness has reported forget that over a million and a half that from 1910 to 1920 there has been of wage-p,arning children in our great a decrease of 5,000 blind because of . prompt treatment and precautionary country are children of God and measures taken by public health orfuture governors of our Republic." ganizations and by school officials.

ON EARTH, PEACE Over against this, this same Com- mittee has announced that from Sep- The Conference on the Cause and tember, 1923, to September, 1924, Cure of War recommended that each 4,456 men, women and children have of the participating organizations been partially or totally blinded plan a program to· make effective the through accidents. findings of that Conference. A booklet on peace suitable for forum use by Once a year a play is given at one summer conferences and schools of of the theatref< in New York City for missions, as well as groups next the blind; 1,150 blind attended the winter, has been decided to be one of performance last fall. the best methods for the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions Several non-sectarian organi2;ations and the Council of Women for Home which are interested in the blind are Missions. making an cffort to place a radio set in the home of every blind person in On Earth, Peace is to be the title this country. of this booklet which is to contain six chapters as follow: "Is War Consis- A committee appointed by the Mistent with the Christian Way of Life" souri Commission for the Blind is inby Miss Rhoda McCulloch, "The In- yestigating two-side Braille printing terracial Situation in America" by and hopes in a year to perfect plans }irs. D. E. Waid, "Christianizing for such printing in this country. International Relations" by Miss Margaret E. Burton, "Discussion of The Sunday-School Board of the Causes of War" by Mrs. E. H. Silver- Southern Baptist Convention, having thorn, "Discussion of Cures of War" become interested in the blind, has ap- pointed a Field Secretary and appro- priated $20,000 for this work.

by Mrs. John Ferguson, "The Definite The National Council of the Protes- Task of Church W om,en» by Mrs. tant Episcopal Church has a great Henry W. Peabody, and appendix work for the blind and this past year containing text of the League of Na- has had embossed 100 grand old tions Protocol, Worlc. Court and the hymns, besides a booklet, a calendar Findings of the Conference on the and a Christmas card for 150 of its Cause and Cure of War. Suggestions blind constituency.

Woman's Foreign Mission

EDITED BY MISS ELLA D. MAOLAURIN, 25 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK CITY ISOLATIONISTS OR COOPERATORS bilities voluntarily assumed by the great body of missionary women in For all our generosity and good will our churches, of the splendid service we tend to be in one sense at least, that has been and is being rendered by a nation of isolationists. Asia, Africa, these millions of women _ volunteer ]<Jurope and Latin America are very and employed workers, serving on far away from our daily lives and Boards and Committees, serving as thinking. Most of us are so engrossed officers and as lay workers, giving in our own affairs that the great time energy, strength, ability, money, changes taking place and the prob- pra;er, a great host, doing a maa~gncoifni– lems stirring in the lives of these, to cent piece of work. And, yet I us far distant people, have little if vinced that our Master s word IS not any place in our concern. Many of being entirely fulfilled. That a us even in our good deeds, our gener- greater work than this can we do if ous alleviation of suffering, our altru- we are ready to meet certain condi- istic missionary impulses and en- tions. We must cease being isolationdeavor tend 'to meet these situations ists and become true cooperators. But without perspective and rather senti- how can this be done? What are these mentally and subjectively. We hear conditions?

the appeal or know the need as a more I heard Dr. Julius Richter of Berlin or less isolated fact and do not see, or speak here in New York a few days we disregard, the ocean of cause a~d effect flowing and eddying around It. ago. In tracing the development of missions he said that in the 18th Cen- We think of the "suffering orphan" tury the responsibility for foreign m~s­ or the "needy heathen" and our sions seemed to rest on Germany, III hearts and purse strings are touched the 19th century that responsibility and loosened. had shifted to Great Britain, but that But we must have more than gener- in the 20th century the largest part ous impulses'and even more than their of that responsibility had unquestion- equally generous responses, if there is ably fallen upon North America:-the to be such a thing as a Christian Amer- United States and Canada. ThIS beica sharing her opportunities and gifts ing so, what an overwhelming r~spon­ with the rest of the world. sibility is ours! How are we gOIllg to We muSt get a true perspective, meet it? In disputes over woman'8 come to understand relationships and place in the Church, in controversy, in approach the situation, not merely: as multiplying organizations Y None of benefactors, but as intelligent Chris- these will fit U8 to meet that grave retians. We must study the wholeness sponsibility, though some may be con- of the situation and come to see clearly ,cinced that we and the Church as a that the present missionary enterpr~se is tied up with many and complex lU- whole could together meet it better if terrelationships which we must under- women were given recognition in the ecclesiastical organization of the stand and learn: how to meet if we are Church and in the making of its to do with God, the great piece of policies.

work He unquestionably expects us to Let me suggest some practical ways do. which we can put into operation im- I am thinking particularly of our mediately to develop cooperation with Women's Mission Boards and De- the plan of God to meet the needs of partments, of the special responsi- the world.

473

First, let me suggest that we need a of the Gospel of Peace as taught b), much more intelligent knowledge than the missionaries from the West. Can most of ns now possess, of the whole you 1 situation of the missionary enterprise. We are only beginning to realiz(l The missionary information of the that the world and its peoples are average person is mainly some isolated rapidly being bound together in one and rather vague facts about what her bundle of life through the annihila- own deuomination is doing in certain tion of space by means of steam.

countries, but as to the status or prog- electricity, radio, air craft; by edu· ress of missions as a whole, Oil' the cation and the printed page; by dip.

problems which are seriously compli- lomatic and political relationships.

cating the situation of our missionary We are coming very slowly to this enterprise in foreign lands she knows world consciousness. It has been said but little. that the 19th century made the world Some of those problems are grow- a neighborhood, but it remains for the ing out of political and diplomatic re- 20th century to make of that world a lationships of America with the lands brotherhood. We have thought and in which our missionary work is being talked about the theory of a Christian developed; some serious complications world citizenship but the practice has are arising from the new and rapid been found too difficult to be put into industrialization of the Far East; operation to any large extent.

others from the rapid development of How many of us are studying the a strong nationalistic sentiment, great cultures of the world so that our coupled with the desire for self-de- fraternity shall lie a critical and sym- termination, which is expressing itself pathetic nnderstanding and not a also in a natural desire for control in vague undisciplined mood of gener- the National Christian Church and in osity toward unknown peoples? How mission activities and po-licies. The many of us have tried to learn what growth of westernized, scientific edu- life means to the varied racial groups cation and the fact that the East has of the world, or what is implied in the come to know that much of Western personal experience or of the search- civilization and practices is often more ing after God in the world's religions'

pagan than Christian, have added still How many of us understand the na- more complications. A Chinese stu- tional ambitions, the traditions, the dent in the United States in response history of every great and significant to an appeal to become a Christian, racial group 1 said, "Christianity is theoretically the This last question leads us to realideal religion with the most exalted ize the interdependence of interna- ethics. but as I have observed it in tional and interracial factors. We of America, it doesn't work." As Mr. the Anglo-Saxon race have been ac- Chesterton has said, "Christianity cused, and, I fear justly, of what is has not been tried and found to be a termed a "Nordic Complex." The failure, it has been found difficult and conviction of the superiority of the so not tried. " This explains much of Nordic; the white races, is so in- the lack of Christian practice and liv- trenched in our minds and we are so ing in the world today. The peoples equally sure of the inferiority of all of the East are also saying that it is colored. races that we need to make a the West which has taught them the eareful study, such as was offered us art of modern warfare, that might during this past year on "The Way makes right and that the amount of of Christ in Racc Relations." I am influence a nation has in international wondering how many of us took this affairs is conditioned upon the opportunity to think this grave and strength of its armies and navies. serious question through. trying really This they cannot reconcile with the to find "Christ '8 Way." The time principles of Christianity, the message haiS come when we can no longer go

1925J WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

to these peoples of the East with their secure cooperative action I suggest a aneient and rieh heritages and eivili- renewal of our prayer life. zations in a spirit of condecension, as superiors and benefactors, but must I have just finished reading the go in the truly Christ-like spirit of latest book published by the Central helpers and cooperators, working Committee on the United Study of with, not for them. Foreign Missions, "Prayer and Mis- siom;" by Helen Barrett Montgomery, My first plea then is for a fresh ap- and I am rejoicing that hundreds of proach with unbiased, unprejudiced thousands of our missionary women minds to a restudy and a clear evalua- throughout the United States are this tion of the whole situation of the mis- year to study this book. It should be sionary enterprise. Material varied in the hands of every woman in the and interesting is available for our Church and it should be placed there reading and study. Latin America, and followed up with the prayer that which is one of our study themes for it may be the means of awakening, or this year, should be considered with reawakening, the prayer life of these these large issues in mind and our individual women. The possibilities relationships and responsibilities to- inhering in this little volume are inward these countries south of us, our calculable when used by God's Spirit. nearest neighbors, yet so little known It should be the means of liberating a or understood. The possibilities of great volume of prayer for the cause cooperation gl-owing out of an intelli- which we all hold dear; the means of gent and sympathetic understanding liberating needed funds and workers; of other peoples and their problems, the means of realizing God's plan for problems which the West has all too the world to those who seek to know often created or COmplicated, should His purpO'3es and to do His will. stimulate us to seek the information needed and then to use it in the wisest, Let us then, the missionary women finest, most Christlike types of service. of America, a force of incalculable My second practical suggestion is potentiality, cease to be isolationists, for a reviving of our spiritual im- which means self-centered, and bepulses, a return to the source of our come cooperators-Chl'isto-Centric. power in order that we may be able to render the service needed, which Let us come to see and know and service must be in the strength and love our brethren more nearly as our the might of our God through the operations of His Holy Spirit. Master and Lord sees and knows and loves them. This attitude of mind In order to carry through this great and heart will become possible as we task which our Master has left us to strive to know Him and His purposes do, our Christianity must have a more clearly, and our brother more depth, a vigor, a vitality, a warmth of truly. love, and that quality of loyalty which will make our obedience and our serv- May we let His spirit of intercesice acceptable and usable. sion and communion sweep through us, liberating His mighty workings As a third practical suggestion to for a world that so sorely needs Him and what He alone can give.

-Katharine V. Silverthorn.

T HE Editorial Committee of the Federation of Woman's BO'lrds of Foreign Missions of North America takes pleasure in the announcement of a series of articles by noted leaders and by outstanding Nationals of China, India and Japan who are themselves the product of foreign missions.

Every woman will read the first article from our own President, Mrs. E. II. Silverthorn, and will give it the widest publicity in her church, city and state.

Note also the valuable article in this issue by Mrs. Chas. K. R<>ys (page 451).

FROM.MANYLANDS

AFRIOA who is nearest to the Kingdom has Arablc Books in North Africa evidently been preaehing the Gospel ANEW and enlarged edition of a zealously, because one of his col- Christian hymn hook in J.rabic, leagues smilingly asked us, 'Are you for the use of Mohammedan-speaking trying to make a m1tbasshir (evanpeoples of North Airica, has been is- gelist) out of him?' Dr. Zwemer sued under the direction of the Rev. turned to the 8th Psalm, and read in Percy Smith, missionary of the Meth- the sonorous monotone they like to odist Episcopal Church in Algeria. u:se for sacred books that splendid He has also published the first two panegyrie of God's works in Nature, parts of a metrical life of Christ writ- amid the reverent approbation of the ten in modern North Africa Arabic. sheikhs who stood about. Then he There will be ten parts to the work turned to the 51st Psalm and marked a few verses there about sin and forwhen completed. Because o.f the form of the Koran, giveness, and I added: 'You must be and the way that it is chanted in the sure, 0 sheikh, to read the 32d mosques, any religious book that can Psalm. ' I wrote on the fiyleaf of be chanted makes a strong appeal to each of the Bibles, 'Presented to Mohammedans. It is hoped through Sheikh – – , .A,zhar University, Cairo, these two volumes to reach a large from the American Bible Society,' number with the Cbristian message. and added our address. Twenty Dr. Smith, with the help of the Amer- years, ten years ago, such a visit ican Christian Literature Soeiety for would have been unthinkable. God is Moslems (New York), has in prepa- answering prayer and giving growth ration a Freneh translation of Muir's to the seed sown. One of these days , 'Mahomet and Islam," for use by -in His own time-there is going to young Moslem students enrolled in eome the mighty harvest from all French schools. This book is an at- these Bibles, Testaments and gospels tempt to depict the great Islamic put into the hands of the leaders and leader apart from the halo of glory teachers of Islam."

whieh bistory has built around him. REV. Modern Life in Oongoland JOHN M. AND MRS. Moslems and the Bible REV. J. OSCAR BOYD, Secretary SPRINGER have been repre- of the Arabic-Levant Agency of senting the Methodist Episcopal the American Bible Society, describes Church for OVer twenty years in the a visit made by Dr. S. M. Zwemer, Belgian Congo, and they have seen Rev. Percy Smith of Algiers and extraordinary changes during that others to EI-Azhar University in period. Mrs. Springer recently wrote: Cairo: "It is amazing how one can "Cannibals and Ford cars! Sounds now walk into that old' stronghold of rather incongruous, doesn't itT But Moslem fanaticism and propaganda the motor ear is rapidly penetrating and present the Bible or a gospel and the remotest regions of the Dark Con- meet with nothing but a friendly weI- tinent and the cannibals can already come and hands stretehed out for the hear the warning honk, honk. Yes, books. We took with us four Arabie and what will yon say when I tell you Bibles and a quantity of Matthew's that I had the white children of my Gospel for presentation, and we had a Sunday-school here on New Year's fine reception. One of the sheikhs and gave them all the ice cream and 476 cake they could eat! Motor cars, ice whole of Kenya is being touched by cream, what next f This is a very dif- the mission work in Nairobi." For ferent Africa from the one to which some time past it has been usual on we came more than twenty years ago. Sunday mornings for two congrega- On the streets one sees white ladies tions of reverent worshippers each and black maidens dressed alike in numbering about a thousar:d, to the latest fashion. Weare very IIp- crowd into the mission buildings. A to-date even to a lack of morals. It business man was so impressed with would be very enlightening to know the work he saw in Nairobi that he ·how many white people there are in gave a considerable sum towards the building of a large stone church capathis place who pass for man and wife ble of holding two thousand people. that really have legal partners else- This church was dedicated on Decemwhere in the world. Flagrant ex- ber 20th, and the following day ten amples of drunkenness and immoral- Africans were ordained deacons by ity have their effect most emphatically the Bishop of Mombasa. On Christon the native population. But we are mas Day the Duke and Duchess of glad to say that there are many of the York attended the morning service. natives constantly coming to us and saying, 'I am tired of living in sin Methodist Work in Rhodesia and wickedness and I want to turn to God.' And turn they do by the scores THE mission of the Methodist Episand hundreds. That is what makes copal Church in Rhodesia, South missionary life endurable, and that Africa, has seen not only great only. Neither motor cars nor good, growth in numbers during the past comfortable houses, nor plenty of twenty years, but also interesting food including ice cream would miti- progress along other lines. Rev. W. gate the discouraging conditions. But C. Gardner, of Old Umtali, speaks or feeding these hungry souls not only "the change in the atmosphere of the mitigates the evH conditions but two, hundred kraals and centers makes us joyously happy that we are where our native workers are either here. " stationed or go with the Christian message. Though the followers 0.£ Wheless Station for Cen.tral Africa Christ are faced with temptation in THE erection at Ujiji, Lake Tan- its peculiar African forms, a Chris- ganyika, of a wireless station has tian standard of conduct is displacemphasized the tremendous develop- ing superstition and fear and many ment in Africa since Livingstone '8 of the distinctly heathen customs and day. Mr. Basil Mathews, comment- beliefs are being abandoned under the ing on this, refers to a letter from impact of enlightenment. The new Livingstone in which ha remarks, "It convert finds himself surrounded bv is a year since I had any news from those who understand his temptatioU:s Europe. " Stanley when he at last and are ready to help him." One of found Livingstone at Ujiji in 1871 the outstanding developments during handed over letters dated 1869. .A the past twenty years has been the message can now be sent between Methodist Mission Press for which a London and Ujiji in, it is stated, one new building has just been erected fortieth of a second. and a modern drum-cylinder-press Church for 2,000 Africans installed for book work. Two hun- dred Christian hymns have been A CONSTANT stream of people of translated, set to music and printed all tribes throughout East Africa in African dialects. On this press a go to Nairobi, a busy town in Kenya large number of tracts and booklets Colony, seeking employment. Arch- have been printed and colporteurs deacon Doulton, a visitor from the C. are going out into hundreds of native M. S. Tanganyika Mission, says that villages spreading gospel portions it is "no exaggeration to say that the and other Christian literature.

A "Packed" Congregation fourteen Egyptian pounds to the THE Right Rev. J. J. Willis, Alumni Fund to pay the tuition of a Bishop of Uganda, writes in the meritorious student for a year. Mrs. Church Missionary Outlook on the Shaldr is one of the leaders of the mass movement towards Christianity Feminist Movement in Egypt and secin his diocese. Of a scene in the retary of the Woman's League of Cairo. She is registered as a special Bukedi district he says: , 'Two long, seemingly interminable student in the School of .Arts and lines of dark figures, craning forward, Sciences. Unveiled, but with her hair smiling, cheering, clapping their covered, she pursues her studies with hands in a vociferous welcome. At the men students without embarrassthe end of the two lines a neatly built ment. Her husband is studying in church, the size of which, by compari- the School of Commerce at the Unison with the crowd to be accommo- versity.

dated, seems as nothing. The crowd Je.rusalem Y. M. C. A. Building pours in, until the church is filled to the doors. No pews or chairs occupy DR. JOHN R. MOTT reports that valuable space–the people sit shoul- a friend of the Y. M. C. A. has der to shoulder on the floOO'. And given $400,000 for a modern Associathen the church, already filled, is tion building in Jerusalem. He atpacked by a simple but drastic proc- tached two conditions to his gift: ess. The ~ongregation is told to one, that his name should never be stand, then to move forward, until known, and the other, that there shall the whole is wedged into a solid mass; be placed in the building a tablet statthe space left at the back is filled ing that it has been erected for the from the waiting crowd outside, and glory of God and in memory of His then the resultant mass is told to sit only begotten Son, our Lord. When down as best it can! That in such a this incident was mentioned, a day or congregation, thus uncomfortably two later, another Christian, who, in packed, there should be silence, and the same spirit, will not let his name eVen a certain reverence, is in itself be mentioned, promised to give as remarkable. And when it is remem- much as $25,000 toward providing a bered that almost all of these are pipe organ for the building, that from young people, the best of them only this Christian center overlooking removed by a few short years from Jerusalem and the Holy Land, there savagery, the sense of wonder grows might ascend praises to the Redeemer. deeper." His example led another friend to make a gift of $12,000 to provide THE NEAR EAST chimes for the tower of the building. When these gifts were reported to Prize for Moslem Woman one of the leading Jewish lawyers in !MONG seven contestants in an ora- New York he was so deeply impressed !. torical contest for Arabic-speak- that he promised to secure by April ing students at the University of 1st for this building enterprise Beirut in February, the prize was $50,000.

won by Mrs. Ahmad Shakir, of Egypt, the first Moslem woman to Jewish Agency for Pa.lestlne D enroll at the University. Her sub- R. WEIZMANN, president of the ject was, "Show Them (the women) . World Zionist Organization, the Light." She spoke in favor of characterized as "the most far-reach- liberal education for women and the ing event that has happened in the abolition of the veil by Moslem history of the Jewish people in many women. After the Governor had de- years," the recent reconciliation of clared the winners, it was announced Zionists, Non-Zionists,' and Anti- that Mrs. Shakir had added an equal Zionists concerning the Jewish re- sum to her prize and presented the colonizing of Palestine. Under the

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

League of Nations, Great Britain has for this opportunity. These young been the mandatory power for Pales- men themselves are helping in grad- tine, but in accordance with this ar- ing and laying out the avenues on and rangement the Jewish Agency for about the campus.-The Continent.

Palestine has been recognized as the appropriate public body for the pur- Moderniza.tion of Baghdad pose of advice and cooperation. The THE Christian statesmanship which Zionist organization has virtually led the foreign mission boards of been this agency, and up till the preB- the American Presbyterian and Reent the cooperation of Non-Zionists formed Churches to o,rganize a united has not been possible. The different mission for the occupation of Mesofactors no,w seem to, have established potamia, beginning with Baghdad a working cooperative basis, and the and Mosul, has been referred to more appro¥al o,f Great Britain and o,f the than once in the REVIEW. Many re- I,eague of Nations will be sought for ports are now coming of the ways in the reestablishment and recognition which the fo,rmer city is being of the Jewish Agency on a basis that modernized, and its c,onsequent imwill make it co,nsist o,f a Co,uncil of portance as a missio,nary center. One one hundred and flity and an execu- missionary writes of seeing" an Arab tive co,mmittee o,f eighteen, the Co,un- Sheikh, with his flowing garments cil to be composed of fifty per cent and distinctive headgear, sitting on a Zionists and fifty per cent Non- corner bootblack chair, having his Zionists, forty per cent of the Non- American shoes shined by an Ar- Zionist bo,dies to be representative of menian bootblack." An article in the American Jewry. New York Times giveB the following Teheran College Opened present-day facts about this ancient THE cornerstone o,f the first real city: "Tourists are flocking into the college in Persia was laid last place. Round-the-world air men autumn. The exercises were simple, dropped down there dThring the sumthe only guests being the scho,ol, the mer. There is a daily train service to alumni and a group of Americans. Basra, and weekly motor convoy serv- "According to custom," writes Mrs. ices to Ramadan, Teheran and Enzeli. S. M. Jordan, a sheep had been sacri- When an airplane mail service to ficed and all the workmen-brick- London, via Cairo, was established layers, carpenters and o,thers-had a two years ago passengers for London feast of mutton stew and melons, thus had to go via India. This co,nsumed giving these humble helpers a share a month, but now motor transports in the general happiness. Dr. Jo,r- carry patro,ns west to, London in from dan, the principal, the architect and nine to twelve days at half the cost of the Persian head maso,n moved the the old journey. There are now five sto,ne into place, and concrete made distinct lines of travel by land and o,f Portland cement imported fro,m sea to London."

Russia was Po,ured about it. The list o,f signatures o,f those who, had taken INDIA AND SIAM part in the breaking o,f ground for India Grateful for Bible A the new institution last May and the HINDU paper published in Bom- bay, The Indian Social Reformer, Bible and New Testament in English and Persian were among the objects commenting on a report of the Britplaced in the co,rnersto,ne. During ish and Foreign Bible Soeiety, says: the ceremony· two, go,vernment air- "It may be safely said that the most planes, circling abo,ut o,verhead, abiding testimony to the work of added to the picturesqueness o,f the Christian missions is the bringing of scene. College wo,rk began sho,rtly the Bible within the reach of all afterward, with two, classeB o,f young classes and communities. No one who men who had been waiting for years knows the facts will deny that mod-

ern Hinduism has in its essential ;re- Bombay, Doctor Mistri says that of spects been profoundly vivified by its Hindu children 90 per cent, and of contacts with Christ's teaching. The Mohammedan children 75 per cent impact of Christianity on Hindu are doped from birth until two years thought is but faintly reflected in the old. It is also given to children to Indian Christian community. Its appease hunger – a sidelight on the largest manifestation is to be found poverty of the masses.

in the unique way in which Hindu life and thought have been reacting Disciples' Jubilee in India to it. India will always gratefully remember the service rendered by the THE Jubilee celebration in America Christian missions in putting her in of the Disciples denomination was possession of the Bible to read in her reported in the Review. In India own languages and to interpret in the the leaders sought in their celebralight of her own great spiritual t<radi- tion to double the membership and to tions and experiences…. The book is make every Christian an intercessor, being studied and searched for the a proportionate giver, a pledged abspirit of Christ independently of the stainer, and a voluntary worker. dogmas of the churches. The Bible Every station has at least partly athas undoubtedly given a great stimu- tained these aims. Stewardship of lus to religious thought in India, and money, time an,d service was stressed the society which has made it its busi- with very gratifying results in many ness to place it within easy reach of instances. These Christians in India all is rendering a great service to the are learning to give to people in other world." countries. The junior society in Harda sent five dollars to help build Opium Given to Babies the chapel at Akita, Japan. The amount pledged as the Golden Jubi- THE National Christian Council of lee gift from India was $3,346, most India, at the request of the Inter- of which will go to Africa. In many' national Missionary Council, has pre- cases people sacrificed much in order pared a report on the use of opium in to give. In Maudaha everyone, even India which is very interesting, the poorest, gave at least one sixteenth though sad, reading. On the question of their income. In Bina two evanof the proportion of the drug that is gelists gave half a month '8 salary.

used medically or to meet the de- mands of the opium habit, the report Aspects of Everyday India R quotes evidence supplied by both In- EV. NICOL MAcNICOL, of the United Free Church of Scotland dian and Western doctors and edueators which shows that about three mission, has ;recently written a book, fifths of the total amount of opium is "The Making of Modern India," The used by addicts. One of the worst following comment made on it by the features of the situation is the terrible Dnya,nodaya is itself a summary of prevalency of doping little children. conditions in present-day I n d i a: In almost every part of India it ap- "The reader is reminded that the pears that the custom of giving opium two typical figures in the Indian landpills to small children prevails. scape are the money-lender and the Usually it is not continued beyond the 'holy man'; . . . that the doetrine age of two or three years, but up to of Karma held by most Hindus 'has that age there is indubitable evidence done more than any other doctrine to that the custom is distressingly wide- enervate them and reduce them to spread. It is given for various rea- lethargy and despair-morally, in a sons. The commonest is the mother's word, to bleed India white,' exercisdesire to stop the child's crying, par- ing 'a paralyzing influence from ticularly in the case of mothers who which India must be set free if she is work as operatives in factories. In to progress at all,' since the doctrine

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

has helped to forge India's three ber of Medical Missions and was later quoted in W m'ld Dmninion. The heaviest chains, viz., her asceticism, writer of this article gave an account of an experiment made by teaching her passive acceptance of things as jungle women what to do in simple cases of eye trouble; how to feed and they are, and her belief in an inex- nurse dysentery cases; how to avoid infection in epidemics of smallpox orable fate; that 'there is nothing and cholera; cleaner methods in mid- wifery work and how to treat infanrooted more deeply in the soul of the tile diseases. Commenting upon this experiment, the Editor said: "Edu- Indian peasant than his sense of God; cationally, . , .the value of such work is immense. Until we have taught . . . and in the making of modern people to do things for themselves we have accomplished nothing. It is the India they reckon ill that leave Him greatest of all achievements to enter their lives at their level and build out' ; that two of the greatest ob- forom the bottom up. ,Videspread work like that at Chota Nagpur would stacles to Indian Christianity are 'the hasten perhaps more than anything else the spiritual and physical, the poverty of the Indian Church' and material and intellectual develop- ments we long to see, " 'the downward pull of the mass move- New Hospital in Siam ments as these pour year by year ig- THE opening of the McCormick norant multitudes into the Church'; Hospital in Chiengmai, Siam, was an occasion of great reJoicing, and and that the two greatest aspirations among the distinguished guests pres- ent was the brother of the King of of Indian Christian leaders are 'to Siam, who studied public health at Harvard. Dr, E. C, Cort gave the have a Christlike character and to history of medical work in Siam "from the time Dr, McGilvary first have the Indian spirit.' . introduced quinine and vaccination for smallpox into Chiengmai" At Baluchistan Christians that time whole villages in one dis- trict would be wiped out by smallpox I N Quetta, one of the most important in a single epidemic; today in the cities of Baluchistan, the English same region there have been barely have a strong military post; and fifteen cases in the last fifteen years. largely for military purposes have 'fhe hospital plant so far consists of built an excellent railroad and motor the surgical building and a ward road clear across the country to group. In the latter is a ward for Chaman, three miles from the Afghan European and American patients, the border. Both English and American gift of British teak timber firms in missionaries are at work in Quetta. North Siam, which is divided into E. E. McCannon, who recently visited four large private rooms. 'fhe kitchen the Methodist missionaries there, and dining room were the gift of the writes: Chiengmai Christian community. Another building, directly across the "Here we have a dispensary, which street, when finished, will be the home ministers not only to the villagers, of the missionary doctor. but also to many of the Afghans who come from far out in the interior. This is in charge of a fine Afghan Christian doctor. Here we also have a school and a wide-awake pastor and church, with a Christian community of nearly two hundred. Notice was sent out that we had arrived and that a Christian service would be held at noon. The chapel was well filled at this unusual hour. On its wall is a memorial tablet to the :first Christian of this community, who also became the first martyr."

New Type of Medical Work ASUGGESTfVE article, entitled "A New Venture in Chota Nagpur," appeared in the February num-

CHINA tianity," the writer says: "Now he is allowed to carry out his peaceful A New Constitution for China plans. He had all along been train- ing his soldiers in all the arts of AWIRELESS message from Peking peace, as weavers, farmers, carpen- to the New York 'l'imes, dated ters, etc. And now comes his ap- April 21st, gives a pessimistic picture pointment as defense commissioner of the political outlook in China, for. the northwest. He has planned which it is to be hoped futUJ"e events for fifty-one villages of 200 families will not justify. It said: "The re- each, the settlers to he given full organization conference to consider transportation, and a house of three means of restoring China to peaceful rooms each, with furniture to be reand constitutional conditions, which turned in two years. So his dishas been sitting for the last three banded soldiers will become useful months, was officially dissolved today citizens. He is making arrangements after much formal discussion which for getting the best breeds of cattle, had very little tangible result. The bees, etc., as well as most useful forconference, however, may have ful- eign farming implements and applifilled its purpose by ordaining the ances. He quietly lives down the summoning of citizens to a confer- slanders circulated about him. He is ence, which will report to a commis- the most splendid demonstration of sion appointed to draft a new consti- the value of practical Christianity to tution. Delegates to the conference China." will be eLected by provinces, but as the provinces are totally under the Union Conference in Chengtn thumbs of the militarists the ordinary citizen is not likely to be powerfully I N Chengtu, Szechwan Province was represented, and as the commission is held in January an "All-Church to be nominated by the Government General Conference in Western brought to office by military agency, China," which brought together repthe character of the constitution resentatives of all the missionary which it will prepare will not be un- agencies at work in that distant reduly democratic. gion. A similar gathering in 1908 led to the organization of a central , 'Meanwhile the provisional Senate educational system and the founding is to be convened forthwith to give in Chengtu of an interdenominational constitutional color to the situation, Christian university for the training which is so irregular that the Parlia- of pastors, teachers, physicians and ment which elected President Tsao lay leaders. The 1925 conference was Kun eighteen months ago has not composed of 500 delegated church even been dissolved. It simply melted leaders and 250 accredited guests, away when judicial proceedings were some of whom traveled two weeks announced against those legislators from their mission stations to attend who had been bribed to make the the conference and was overwhelmaforesaid election." ingly Chinese in membership. All the chief officers of the conference Mal'8hal Feng's New Work were Chinese; every committee had a Chinese chairman and secretary; TRIBUTES to Marshal Fang Yu English was not allowed upon the Hsiang, both as a Christian and a floor of the conference except in the patriot, from people who know him in case of a few visitors whose addresses Peking were quoted in the March RE- were translated from English into VIEW, and others have since appeared Chinese; all formal reports, stated in various papers. Those who are addresses, and devotional services praying for Marshal Feng will be in- were in Chinese. The slogan adopted terested in the latest news of him, for the conference, "West China for contained in a letter from Peking, Christ, and Every Christian a 1fisquoted in The Continent. After contrasting him with Sun Yat Sen, "who chose the sword and laid down Chris-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

sionary, " was the central theme bel' of Chinese were taken there to around which the conference was or- work in the sugm- plantations. The ganized. Denominational differences Samoan Christians, true to the real and lines were forgotten, and there missionary spirit they have always was unity in thought and purpose. shown, very soon began to think of how these strangers in their midst A Demon Cast Out could be taught the Gospel. The MISS E. E. MASSEY, a mission- Christian Endeavorers promised to ary of the Church Missionary find the necessary funds and sent an Society working at Foochow, in the application to the South China Mis- Fukien Province of China, writes of sion to find them a Chinese evangelist, an instance of answered prayer in the who should work among these exiles_ deliverance of a demon-possessed Mr_ Lei responded to the call and woman. Miss Massey was called to went in 1914. He worked there with go with a Bible woman to pray with a diligence and a good measure of sucpoor woman who was devil-possessed. cess till the greater part of the Chi- Her little boy and girl had died with- nese were repatriated. Then he went in a few days of each other. The to Melbourne and spent two years or woman went to the idols, and became so among his countrymen there.

possessed. For four months she had disturbed the neighborhood, and Anti-Opium Activities S when the missionary arrived the OME of the early work of the Na- tional Anti-Opium Association of .woman was found chained to a post, and had been beaten and burned China was described in the January about the mouth. A number of Christians went with Miss Massey and her REVIEW. Later a petition sent by the helper, and after much prayer the Association to the Geneva Conference demon was cast dut. Now the woman, and to the Peking Government wa.s her husband, and remaining little girl signed by over 2,000 organizations in attend church regularly and take the different 'provinces, representing every opportunity of "learning the over 2,000,000 people. "About thirty doctrine. "-C. M. S. responses to tae petition," says the Chinese Recorder, "ate still coming A Chinese "World Christian" in every day. It is quite safe to say that public opinion against this great REV. LEI SHUE KWAI is one of evil has been awakened in China for the outstanding Chinese leaders the first time. Members of some of in the Hong-Kong Mission of the the branch associations have actually London Missionary Society. The work begun to fight against the compulsory has grown until now there are seven planting of the poppy. A few weeks centers with churches. Mr. Lei is in ago a leader in the anti-opium move- charge of the whole as pastor, and ment in the province of Fukien was there are several evangelists and arrested by local officers for stirring school teachers. He has had an un- up the people against the order to usual experience. As a lad he was plant the poppy. But as the public educated in the mission school in opinion was so strong against the Canton, and afterwards had his the- action of the local officer, the victim ological training in the school of the was released right away and the Basel Mission. He worked in the officer was put out of his position by Pok Lo and Ts'ung Fa districts as an the civil governor of Fukien. This evangelist. After that he was for shows that public opinion is gradually several years in charge of the work gaining ground in regard to the anti- in Macao, an outstation of the Hong opium movement."

Kong church. Then he had a call to The Association has sent several go to Samoa. When those islands representatives to different provinces were under German rule a large num- to promote the movement and they

have met with great success. Miss up the town. In the preliminary ar- May Chang of the W. C. T. U. went rangements, there was no difficulty; to Ningpo and founded a branch as- everyone seemed, rather, to go out of sociation in that city. Through Miss their way to help. Chang's untiring efforts the different The mission began October 21st, bodies in that city participated in the and on the first night the tent was movement and a city-wide campaign crowded, while numbers went away because there were no more seats. is being planned. The first night, over forty men and JAPAN-KOREA women pressed to the front, and earnest souls cried aloud to God for Japanese Youth Movement pardon and salvation. This scene was repeated night after night, and the THREE tendencies characterize the evidences of the Spirit's power was life and thought of the young peo- ·".isible. Scores of New. Testaments ple of Japan today, according to were sold. Talmo Matsumoto. He says, in the J apanes'6 Student Bulletin: At the close of the ten days, 289 converts were registered besides a "First, reality in both personal and number of children, not the least immental life is passionately sought. portant part of the work, for whom Second, we may unhesitatingly say special afternoon meetings were held. that the new generation in Japan At the end of the fourth week of the today is proloundly religious. It is mission, there was no sign of waning true that its religious longings are interest. The responsibility of shepvague and formless in most cases, but herding these people is very great. I believe that they will gradually crystallize themselves into more vital There are opposing for~es at work. co"llvictions. The third noteworthy The Buddhists are becoming aggresfact about the young men and women sive in their opposition. These are of Japan today is the new interest good signs. they have come to take insocial problems. In the spring of 1924, The Stu- What took place in this town of dent Society for the Study of Social Shinmaizuru could be repeated in Science was first inaugurated in everyone of the thousands of such Waseda University, and t.hen in one towns and cities yet unevangelized, after another of various higher insti- and which call in no uncertain tones tutions in Tokyo and elsewhere. Al- to us to discharge our debt of the though these societies in different Gospel to them.

schools aim at a dispassionate scien- Progress in Reconstruction S tific study of social facts and prob- OME of the plans of the Prot~st~nt Episcopal Church for rebUlldmg lems, they show signs of eventually developing into a g.reat student move- its work in Japan which were anment for social righteousness." nounced in the REVIEW for June, A Revival in Japan 1924, are now well under way. All the damaged buildings of St. Paul's A BAND of worker.s set out very University, except the chapel, have early one mornlllg on an ex- been repaired and are now in use. tended evangelistic tour northward to Three important land purchases have the coast from the Japan Evangelistic been made: (1) A new site of about Band Branch Bible School at Kai- eleven acres for St. Margaret's bara. Each important town and city School, fifteen miles west of the old was 'i".isited and Gospel meetings held. site in Tsukiji. This will provide Shinmaizuru, an entirely unevan·· space not only for the new St. :M:ar- gelized town of some twenty thousand garet's buildings, but also for a pri- inhabitants, was one of t.he plaees mary school for both boys and girls, that ealled for occupation. A t.en thus filling the serious gap between days' tent mission was held to open kindergartens and high schools. (2)

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A new site has been purchased for St. weekly. It is undoubtedly true that Paul's Middle School, near the Uni- a larger percentage of the population versity. This will make possible a in Pyengyang gathers daily for fam- closer coordination in the work of the ily prayers than in any other large two institutions that ought to prove city in the world, except possibly in advantageous and economical for Scotland.' , both. (3) Just opposite the Aoyama Palace, one of the official residences Christian Doctors for Korea of the Imperial Family, and at the SEVERANCE UNION MEDICAL jnnction of two important thorough- COLLEGE in Seoul now holds a fares, a wonderful site has been pur- charter from the Government, and its chased for the new Trinity Church. graduates have the privilege of re- No more satisfactorv location could ceiving license to practice on presenhave been secured in the whole of tation of their diplomas. This applies Tokyo. A residence for Tagawa San, also to the nurses. This is one recogrector of the Japanese congregation, nition of the work which this famous is now being built. institution has been doing for the past thirty years. Its first aim was Pyengyang-Then and Now the education of Christian Korean THIRTY-FOUR years ago Drs. young men as doctors that they might Moffett, Hall and Lee, pioneer mis- be added to the forces of the medical sionarie-s, entered Pyengyang. Since missionaries and 124 doctors and then, says the Korea .llission Pield, forty-six: nurses have been ~raduated, "One of the most wicked Oriental a very worth-while contribution to cities has become one of the most the beneficent 3.nd Christianizing in- Christian cities in any mission field. fluences in the country. When one Then there was not a'single believer, considers, however, that there are now church, modern school or charitable 17,000,000 people in Korea one real- organization in the city. Today in a izes that the college must also fit itself population of about 97,000 people, of to make medical teach ers and trainers whom 76,000 are Koreans and 19,000 of nurses. This means that it must Japanese, there are more than 10,000 advance its standards, enlarge and Protestant believers; 20 "hlethodist improve its faculty and plant and and Presbyterian churches, set upon prepare to move up to university . every hill and at every point of van- grade. Extensive plans are now tage in the city; a complete system under way for the development not of education for men from the kinder- only of the college, but also of the garten to the college and seminary, hospital and dispensary connected and for women to the academy and with it. Dr. O. R. Avison, the Presi- Higher Bible School; and not only do the poor have the glad tidings dent, is now in this country, seeking preached unto them, but the orphans, the large sums' of money which will the aged, the draf and blind, as well be needed to supplement what the as the moral outcasts of society, are Koreans have already given to carry out these plans.

cared for. A very conRervative esti- ISLANDS OF THE SEA mate places the average total Sunday congregation in the city at 9,000. It Australian Aborigines O is no unnsual thing for 5,000 of these NE of the aboriginal groups in Central Australia is the Aranda to meet in the mid-week prayer meetings. Each church conducts its Sun- tribe, which occupies an area not less day schools in relays, instructing the than 700 miles in length from north children, the women and the men in to south and stretches out east and succession, for even the largest church west of the transcontinental telegraph buildings are too small to accommo- line, covering an unknown extent of date the crowds which throng them country in either direction. Lutheran

missionaries began work among them across the island may strip the young in 1875, naming their first station trees of their foliage. To guard Hermannsburg. Rev. C. Strehlow, against this, the koa tree has been who has re~ently died, labored for planted with them. The larger trees twenty-eight years am 0 n g the protect the smaller growth, and later Aranda, a~ting as pastor, teacher, can be removed.

doctor, as well as manager of the sta- tion. In addition to preaching, teach- NORTH AMERICA ing, catechizing, he worked methodi- A Home Missions ArguDlent cally on linguistic and" ethnological subjects and became a real authority MRS. w. O. CARVER, of the on native questions. Since his death Southern Baptist Church, has the Lhanda leaders, thrown on their been stirred by a visit to Europe to own resources, have not only main- realize anew the significance of the tained services at Hermannsburg but work for foreigners c:u-ried on by have received a real impulse to carry home mission boards. She writes; the Gospel to other and less civilized tribes. The activity of the Aranda "It frightens me to know that alevangelists is extending the influence ready 40,000 Italians have gone to of the mission, for only recently a America this year-everyone of group of natives walked a hundred them, in all probability, a Catholic miles to Hermannsburg to hear about and against p.rohibition. America is Jesus. the mission field of the world today! I feel like shouting it aloud from every city in our U. S. A. Let every- Ohaulmoogra Trees in Hawaii body-every Christian-go to work to teach these foreigners in his own THE marked impro'Vement, amount- city Christ '8 religion and how to be ing often to apparent cure, which good citizens. Teach them to love has resulted f,rom the chaulmoogra God and not war…. There is absooil treatment, is an achievement of lutely no hope until the love of God modern science which has proved a gets into their hearts, and how can it great boon in several mission fields. when their hearts are so full of hate?

The oil is distilled from the seeds of And these people with their ideals the fruit of the chaulmoogra tree, the and race hatreds are coming to our cultivation of which is now being country by the thousands every year. pushed on one of the Hawaiian is- Surely it is time we waked up 1"

lands. Formerly the oil used in the treatment of lepers in Hawaii had to The Ohurches of Boston D be imported from India. The seed ENOMINATIONAL statisties is- sued by the Federation of for the chaulmoogra trees now growing in the spe~ial plantation on the Churches in Greater Boston, show island of Oahu was shipped from Congregational churches, 136; Bap- Siam and Burma. It made the trip tist, 117; Methodist, 1l6; Protestant packed in charcoal. The trees were Episcopal, 101; Unitarian, 65; Cni- started in germinating-flats, then versaliRt, 33; Presbyterian, 24. The carefully transplanted into inilividual Record of Christian Work thus com- pots and held for a year Some of ments: "The significant thing about these trees by the end of a year attain these figures is the revelation of the a height of four feet. A year later fact that liberalism has failed to make they are from ten to twelve feet high. good under the most advantageous When they are about eight years old, conditions, and that the evangelical they begin to bear. The red volcanic churches have multiplied and pros- soil on Oahu seems to be very suitable pm·ed in the very stronghold of Uni- for cultivating this tree. However, tarianism. A century ago, in the the trade-winds that at certain sea- great split in the Congregational fold, sons sweep with ~onsiderable violen~e only two churches remained steadfast

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

in the faith, all the ~est going over to tions and for community welfare to the Unitarian wing. A hundred years learn from each others' experiences. later the number of Trinitarian Con- There were 216 delegates, from sevengregational churches is more than teen states, and of these 114 were double that which sails under the colored. The following topics were Unitarian flag." considered in open forum bessions of about three hours each, with full and Presbyterian Stndents Confer free discussion by delegates on the floor, this type of discussion taking FUTURE leaders in the Presbyte- most of the time: "Publicitv and rian Church-140 of them from Race Relations," "Health and Race forty-one universities, colleges, nor- Relations," "Housing and Race Remal and training schools throughout lations, " "Growth of the Interracial the country-spent three days o·f Movement, ' , ,,Social Agencies and their Easter vacation at Ann Arbor, Race Relations," "The Courts and Michigan, discussing questions they Race Relations," and "Schools and consider of vital importance to the Colleges and Race Relations," "The church, nation, the campus and the Church and Race Relations," and individual. Chief among these were "Industry and Race Relations." war, creed, and race. On the second subject they adopted the following "P1'inceton-in New York" findings: PRINCETON UNIVERSITY'S We believe that a creed is only the ex- . century-old religious organization, pression of certain men '. interpretation of The Philadelphian Society, is begin- Christianity as they understand it. Rec- ning a movement, with the above ognizing that thought progresses and that title, which will be analogous to its interpretations change with the advance· , , Princeton-in-Peking' , mi tlSionary ment of knowledge, we believe that forced work in China. Ray F. Purdy, Gradsubscription to a fixed and formal creed uate Secretary of the Society, says may impair the integrity of the individual that the plan has grown out of a sumconscience. Therefore, we are opposed to mer camp for boys, established sevthe requirement that ministers and elders ()f eral years ago. He says: the Presbyterian Church subscribe t() the Westmin ster Confession ()f Faith. However, We found that we must go into the we realize the necessity of a unified expres· family and economic conditions of the boys sian of essential doctrines, and we favor a whom we were endeavoring to benefit. 'l'his creed which is a statement of purpose rather has led us to the conviction that more fun· than a creed which is an elaboration ()f damental work must be done. 'l'hat will theological ideas. result next year in the establishment of a permanent social service secretary jn Prince· The conference organized "The ton and the development of a group of National Association of Presbvterian Princeton men in New York who will live Students," and asked the B~ard of together and begin a community service Christian Education to appoint an from one centre. A part of this will be the executive secretary. erection of a model tenement at a e,ost of $350,000. Here the families of the boys we Race Relations Conference have met at the summer camp and else- where will be gradually worked in as ten- THE first National Interracial Con- ants. We will thus endeavor to see through _ ference to be held in America was the problems we encounter in the earlier held in Cincinnati, Ohio, March 25th- stages of our work. Instead of merely ap- 27th. The meeting was arranged by plying a temporary palliati,e, we shall enthe Commission on Race Relations of deavor to work out practically thl' economic the Federal Council of Churches, and spiritual problems of those with whom jointly with the Commission on Inter- we come in contact. racial Cooperation, with headquarters in Atlanta, to enable white and col- Southern Baptist Progress ored people in uifferent communities, who are wrestling with problems of SIX years' effort to get $75,000,000 organization, methods and programs in subscriptions for missions and for improvement of interracial rela- education through a period of five

years resulted in $59,000,000 in cash, sent to them. The only part of the and the likelihood of more. The gain program which is being pre-deter- in new Baptist churches was thre'e mined is the general division of sub- times that of the preceding five years. jects by weeks, as follows: First Baptists averaged a membership gain week, economic questions; second oi 40,000 a year for the five years week, political; third week, racial; beyond the previous five-year period. fourth week, international. Many Now a 1925 movement has been representative leaders of religious started doing away with the five-year thought have agreed to be present. pledges, but seeking to maintain the rate of growth alongt all lines that was Negro BURiness Progres.. attained in the special campaign. DR. R. R. MOTON, Principal of During the last ten years the for- Tuskegee Institute, is also Presi- eign missionary fields of the denomi- dent of the Nati()nal Negro Business nation have inc.reased from seven to League. In his address at its annual seventeen, the number of churches on meeting he said: "When the Na- these fields from 380 to 1,095, mem- tional Negro Business League was or- bership of foreign churches from ganized in Boston twenty-f()ur years 29,991 to 111,872, Sunday-schools ago the aggregate number of business from 542 to 1,511, Sunday-school organizations, corp()rate and individ- pupils from 22,022 to 76,504, annual ual, owned and operated by colored contributions by foreign churches people was not more than 20,000 with from $91,159.69 to $444,568, .Ameri- a combined capital of $10,000,000. can missionaries on the field from 278 Today they own and operate 60,000 to M4, native Christian workers em- with a combined capital of $60,000,- ployed from 634 to 2,494. 000. The Negro owns in .America more than $1,000,000,000 worth of Diseussional Conference Planned property real and personal, whereas when the Declaration of Independ- A SUMMER conference on eCO- ence was adopted, the combined cap- nomic, political, racial and inter- ital of the entire nation was about national problems, under the auspices $500,000,000. We have now 72 suc- of "The Fellowship for a Christian cessful Negro banks. We should and Social Order," will be held .August could have 700. There are many ] st to 3,lst on the campus of Olivet cities with large Negro population College, Olivet, Michigan. .Around where leaders ,in business among the actual problems of the group the Negroes could accomplish any rea- discussion will be concentrated. No sonable business enterprise if it were program of set speeches is being ar- properly managed. Durham, Savan- ranged in advance. The various per- nah, .Atlanta, Richmond, Norfolk, sons designated as leaders will come New York, with many others, are set- prepared to share their experiences ting notable examples in the possibili- with other members of the group, and ties of this race to accomplish large at opportune moments will speak di- results.' , rectly to the point on issues under • consideration. In other words, the Indian Chlld a Teacher leaders will be available as consult- ants and will stand ready to furnish ON THE edge of an Indian reserva- data that is required by members of tion in Washington is a little the group, as they seek to reach their girl, eleven years old, whose name own conclusions concerning various even has not been recorded on the problems. Prior to the conference books of the Board of Christian Edu- delegates will be asked to cooperate cation, but whose work last summer in the formation of a tentative sylla- has given her a place above thousands bus of outstanding difficulties by fill- of other girls. The little girl was in ing out a questionnaire which will be the Daily Vacation Bible Sch()ol con-

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ducted at Wellpinit, Washington. Boy babies have a greater value and She had lots of fun, but saw that are seldom, if ever, killed."

there were a great many other boys and girls near her home who would LATIN AMERICA enjoy such a school but who could not Mexican Separatist Movement come. After the school was over, she AN organization of Mexican Cathgathered a group of nine Indian chil- .tl. olics has been formed which indren and carried on for ten days a volves the repudiation of the authorminiature Daily Vacation Bible ity of the Pope, the abandonment of School all by herself. She had a little celibacy for the priesthood and consister who helped her but no grown siderable alterations in the prescribed folks had a hand in this second school. ritual of worship. These features of She carried out a program of Bible the movement are identical with those memory work. The children sang that have characterized a similar one songs, and she told them Bible stories. in Czecho-Slovakia. She also had them stand up and go through exercises just as they did in According to the Philadelphia Pttbthe school she had attended. For lie Ledger, Ash Wednesday was celecraft work she had the young Indians bated in Mexico City in La Soledad make articles out of flour sacks and Church by the new Mexican Apotltolic colored yarns. The sessions were car- Church. The Patriarch, Joaquin ried on in a businesslike way with a Perez, said: seriousness that did credit to the chil- Our desire is to maintain a Catholic dren. The sessions were held out of doors, and the closing demonstration Church preserving all the ritual an d beliefs was given in the community building. intact, but entirely indepeudent of Rome. Mas~es, baptisms, marriages, funerals, cere- monies and rites will be pronounced in the To Sa~e Eskimo Baby Girls Spanish language, that all hearers may un· derstand exactly what is said.

K NUD RASMUSSEN, the famous It is reported that the new church Arctic explorer, who is now on is allied with the Mexican Federation his way, at the invitation of the of Labor, receiving financial and Canadian Government, to report on moral aid from that organization. the Eskimos of the Hudson Bay and The Presbyteria,n Survey comments: more northern sections, was inter- "We strongly suspect that the influviewed in New York City on his ar- ences behind the movement are much rival from Europe. He said that one more political than religious in their of the Eskimo practices which the cha1"acter. ' , Canadian Government hopes to stop is the killing of all girl infants, save those pledged in marriage. The cus- An Appreciati~e Audience R tom of Eskimo infanticide, according EV. J. E. THACKER, Presiding Elder of the Parral District in to Dr. Rasmussen, developed from the Eskimo's difficulty in providing food the Mexican Mission of the M. E.

and other necessities foo: the family. Church South, writes: "Our influ- "The Eskimo has not in any sense the ence is extending in ever-widening same moral viewpoint as civilized peo- circles, and we are reaching more and pIe," he explained, "and the life of a more people every day. To count our child has about the same value as the actual membership does not give a life of any other creature. If there is just idea of our work and its progress.

not provender enough they kill the Our Mexican pastors have lately gone girl babies immediately after birth by to new centers and have had a good smothering them. If a girl baby, degree of success. I 1"ecently accom- prior to birth, is pledged in marriage, panied Rev. Epigmenio Garza to the mother will preserve it. If not, Boquilla, and there we had the privi- the line of le<lSt resistance is followed lege of preaching the Gospel for the and the infant is put out of the way. first time in that place and to an

audience of six fine, bright young Mission Student. Win Honors men who listened with profound in- THE annual ,report from Saneti terest for a whole evening. Tills is Spiritus, Cuba, to the Board of one of the very brightest things in a National Missions of the Presbyterian missionary's life-to tell others of Churrh in the U. S. A. has the follow- ing to say about the mission high Christ for the first time and to such school in that city: "The school has appreciative listeners. We expect to won a great achievement in scholastic continue going there, and hope in annals. In the past course, when the time to win some of these young men government examiners came to hold for Christ. We sold several Bibles to their yearly examinations, there was the Spanish-speaking people and a not a single failure and many of the Bible in Chinese to the only Chinese pupils were awarded the highest in town."

Schools Needed in Porto Rico grade that is gh;en. After finishing ALTHOUGH the United States the examinations the examiners pro- Govel"lllnent at great expense and nounced the pupils the best prepared with the most aggressive diligence has of the entire province. Such combeen laboring for twenty-five years to ments spread quickly throughout the create an American public school sys- city and never before has the work tem at Porto Rico, it is still so far in Sancti Spiritus enjoyed the presbehind the necessities of the situation tige that it has today. Judging from that the provincial commissioner of what has happened in the past year education recently expressed the de- at tills station, there is not a better sire that missionary schools might be field in all Cuba or the West Indies established in each toivn of the island. than Sancti Spiritus; and if efficient " The cOlll1Ilissioner made this re- consecrated efforts are put forth a mark," says The Continent, "after strong congregation will result and an inspection of certain Presbyterian one that will send out well-prepared schools, and it is supposed that they workers for Cuba. "

set the standard which he has in mind for the whole island-although, as a Organbed R. C. Opposition W matter of fact, under the present ORKERS in "The Latin Ameragreement among the evangelical de- ican EvangelizatiO'n Campaign"

nominations, whatever work Presby- describe, as the chief feature of their terians undertake will be done only recent visit to Santo Domingo, "the in the western end of the island or in prepared and determined resistance San Juan, the capital. However, of the Roman Catholic clergy. They within this allotted Presbyterian ter- had been advised from the United ritory there is plenty of room fo·r ex- States of the plan to carry out an pansion, and a great deal to bc done evangelistic campaign through the before the commissioner's idea could republic and their counter-attack was even be approximately met. What along the lines of a virulent anti- has been already accomplished educa- American propaganda. One of the tionally through joint missionary and Catholic papers in the States had re- government enterprise is shown by ported Mr. Strachan as having ad- the fact that since 1898 illiteracy in mitted in a public address the truth Porto Rico has been reduced from 80 of the charge so often made against to 54 per cent. But this very exhibit missionaries in Latin America, that demonstrates that half the population they are the paid agents of the of Porto Rico is still unable to' read United States Government, for the and write, and explains fully why the purpose of winning over the people, commissioner desires all the assistance with a view to preparing for occupa- the churches could give in extending tion later on. Although the United and completing the edu<latiO'nal work States troops were withdrawn from which has been thus so well begun." Santo Domingo last June, yet anti-

NEWS FR.OM MANY LANDS

American feeling still runs very high congress of the league and so it is and the Romanists took advantage of advertised in the daily papers. The the situation to propagate these lies. " league's program of activities, worked out through the local chapters in con- Winning Porto Ricans to Christ nection with their churches, affords OVER 1,000 won for Christ in excellent opportunity for the girls al- Porto Rico is the result of a three ready in training to do practice work, months' evangelistic campaign con- during the school year and at vacaducted by Rev. and Mrs. Fred J. tion time.

Peters of The American Baptist Home Mission Society. In San A Brazilian Indian Tribe R Lorenzo 174 were converted. Services EV. ARTHUR F. TYLEE, of the Inland South America Missioneverywhere have been attended by people of all social ranks and the con- ary Union, writes f,rom Corumba, verts include teachers and lawyers. Brazil: Families have become reunited. .A "These splendid, clean, strong temperance movement has accom- Nhambiquaras, wild in their manner panied the revival with the result of life, but sympathetic of heart, are that stills have been closed and their totally isolated from all opportunity owners brought to realize their de- to know of the Gospel. We have pendence upon God. In other loeali- their friendship and confidence. Our ties not visited' by the American evan- hymns at a service held in the pres- gelists revivals have sprung up to ence of one family pleased them so strengthen the churches. In many much that, on the return journey, we places the services have been carried were requested by them to sing again on in the face of persistent and or- for others to hear. The door is open.

ganized opposition. We have dedicated ourselves to the evangelization of this tribe number- Argentine Evangelical Women ing some 10,000 or more. The task is F OR three years past a Bible Train- difficult, and the way covered with ing School for Spanh,h-speaking obstacles, material, physical and young women has been conducted in spiritual, but the Nhambiquaras are Buenos Aires by the Woman's Foreign Missionary Society of the M. E. to have the Gospel! "Ve are sure of God's call to them. "

Church, the Disciples of Christ, and the National League of Evangelical EUROPE Women. This league is young and its English Methodists Unite N limited resotLrces do not permit itsOT only have the first steps been • taken in the United States tocooperation as far as funds are concerned, but in its own way it con- ward the reunion of the Northern and tributes to the work. It is made up of Southern Methodist Churches, but in women from different Protestant de- England the three Methodist bodies nominations and reaches, through its -Wesleyan, P,rimitive and United- local chapters, many places where have come together. "These three,"

Methodists and Disciples a,re un- says Arthur Porritt, "differ seriously known, but where J e~ms Ohrist is on nothing save church government.

known. The bulletin of the league On doctrinal questions they are sub- goes into many Argentine homes stantially agreed. Tradition and sen- which no other Protestant literature timent, however, are factors, and in enters, and gains new friends for the the discussions spread over the last school. Its prayer calendar gives a five years they have been stressed by place to the school, and intercession the opponents of the reunion pro- goes up £rom many women far from posal. Now the votes of the Meth- Buenos Aires. The work of the school odist people have been taken and a is annually reported at the national very substantial majority have ex-

pressed themselves in favor of the war economic situation has caused union. " The combined body will con- many worthy but poor young men to tain far the largest Noncomformist turn to the theological schools to pre- Church in Gil'eat Britain, second, in pare for the Christian ministry. fact, only to the Church of England. Large numbers of these students It will have 4,368 ministers, 37,697 could not afford even to purchase the lay preachers; 898,936 members and Hebrew and Greek Scriptures which probationers, in addition to adher- are used as textbooks. Last year the ents; 1,541,517 Sunday-school schol- American Bible Society made possible ars, with 173,261 officers and teachers. the distribution of Nestle's Greek It will possess 13,558 Sunday-schools Testaments among theological stuand 12,242 churches. 'rhe property dents in Germany, Poland, Czech()- it will own is probably $150,000,000. Slovakia and Austria. It also sent to It will also have valuable properties the Bible Society of France 5,000 and a large membership in the for- French New Testaments, the sale of eign field. which will increase the receipts of this society. Protestants in Great Britain Minority Religions in Roumania UNDER the auspices of the Evan- gclical Alliance, a large meeting A REPRESENTATIVE American was held liIarch 31st in London "to commission, which visited Roureaffirm the principles of Protestant- mania last year, states in its recently ism. " Representatives of the Free published report that Roumania con- Chur.ches and of the Anglican Church tinues to violate provisions of the took part, and passed resolutions de- Trianon treaty guaranteeing the claring "unwavering devotion to the rights of minority churches in Trangreat Protestant principles of the sylvania. At the request of the Rou- Reformation," and appealing to the manian Government, the commission Bishops and to Parliament, in view submitted statements which dealt of the fact that "a large section of with personal abuses, confiscation of the clergy of the Church of England, church and school property, the alin defiance of the law and in violation leged unjust way in which the great of their oath, have long been engaged estates are being divided under the in endeavoring to destroy its Protes- agrarian reform, the rights of astant character, to maintain the Prot- sembly and other types of coercion. estant character of the National The reply of the Roumanian Govern- Church as settled at the Reformation ment is described by the commission and enshrined in the Book of Com- as "evasive and inconclusive." Soon mon Prayer and the 'l'hirty-nine Ail'- after the publication of the commisticles. " This resolution was for- sion's report came the action of the warded to the Archbishop and Roumanian Ministry of Arts and Bishops of the Church of England, Worship suppressing or curtailing and the members of both Houses of the activities of certain "minority Parliament. religions" in that country. The churches absolutely suppressed are American Bibles for Europe mainly adventist bodies, but even in the case of Baptists it is ordered that THE American Bible Society has they may "continue to enjoy the lib- responded to another urgent need erties accorded by the constitution, in Europe by making grants of money but certain measures of surveillance with which to supply Bibles to theo- will be taken. " In the meantime, the logical students. The 'World War so Metropolitan of the State Church has impoverished most of the theological been raised to the rank of patriarch, schools in Central Europe as to make and every prospect points toward an it impossible for them to furnish text- aggressive effort to clear the country books for poor students. The post-

NEWS FROM M:ANY LANDS

of all rivals of the Greek Orthodox supplying the latest information and system. The special hardships of t~e Ill:ost approved drugs to leper in- Baptists in Roumania were described stItutIOns, settlements and hospital. in the January REVIEW. (2) To support sound schemes of segregation, with the best treatment The Y. M. C. A. ill Estonia in countries where the great majority of the lepers can thus be dealt with THE Estonians, who were once in and the disease rapidly reduced, as in virtual serfdom under Russia and the West Indies, etc. T,rinidad has already set apart an island for this the. Baltic barons, recently celebrated purpose. (3) To collect information theIr seventh anniversary as a free and statistics and to issue bulletins of and independent nation. Out of Es- information to workers among lepers. tonia's war misfortunes have come (4) To support further researches on the promise of brighter and more both the etiology and treatment of prosperous days. She has made rapid leprosy w:ith a view to discovering progress economically and in political more effiCIent methoos of prevention and social adjustments. Education is and further to si~plify, shorten, and compulsory; the universities are cheapen the curatIve measures. The fact that the Oalcutta researches have crowded; technical and agricultural now proved that soluble products of at least five different oils, other than sc~ools 8fe well attended; suffirage is that of chaulmoogra and hydnocarpus seeds, are; e~ective in leprosy, opens ~lllversal; ~he Reval harbor is being up an unlull1ted field of investiooation Improved; mternal industries as wen which may yet yield more efficient as ·foreign trade are being developed. and rapidly acting remedies even The Y. M.. O. A. work, which was than chaulmoogra derivatives. ?egun in 1920, is constantly expandmg. In the chief cities-Reval Dor- American Opium Plan pat and Tartu-are energetic' Associations giving the varied services 1. Restriction by producing counwhich compose an all-round program. tries of production of raw opium and In the university cities of Tartu and coca within the limits set by medical Dorpat extensive activities are being and scientific needs of the world. carried on among students. The attitude of people and Government to- 2. A. strong international central ward the Y. M. O. A. is friendly and board of supervision and control unhelpful. Not l(}ng ago in Reval a der the I.Jeague of Nations. campaign for Y. M. O. A. support exceeded its goal by nearly fifty per 3. Restriction of manufactured decent. Municipal authorities in the rivatives within the requirements of same city gave the "Y" a tract of medicine and science. land for an athletic field. The Government has offered ground for a 4. Perfecting a system now in opercamp site. ation of export and import certifi- cates. MISCELLANEOUS 5. An agreement between countries Leprosy in British Empire where opium smoking is temporarily permitted by which on a given date THE B.rit!sh Empire LeFosy Relief there will be one tenth reduction per ASSOCIatIOn, which was founded in annum for ten years, after which smoking opium will not be permitted. J.ugust, 1924, at a meeting in London 6. A system of licensing and rationpresided over by hLasoridssuOedhealmmsefmoord~ ing during the ten year period; prop- Viceroy of Ind ia, aganda to prevent new addicts; and proper treatment of addicts. randum regarding its medical policy.

This has four divisions: (1) To ex- tend the application of the improved methods of treatment as rapidly as possible throughout the Empire by

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Modern Turkey. A Politico·Economic In- a.re millions of people in the world, terpretation, 19008·1923 inclnsive, with of whom the Americans and English- Selected Chapters by Representative Au· . hh thorities. Eliot Grinnell Mears, M.B.A., men are leadmg types, w 0 ave F. R. Eeou. S. Illns., Maps, xvi, 779 pp. achieved a well-deserved reputation $6.00. New York. 1924. for fair play. This bo(}k is intended Had the author, with his scholastic for these' and other persons who are standing at h(}me and wide experience interested in the truth and are willing in the Near East, written this volume to reach conclusions only after both unaided, it couId not have failed to sides of each question have been p;rebe authoritative. As it is, he has sented….. The plan followed in called to his assistance eighteen 'Modern Turkey' has been to select specialists, American, European, and subjects of far-reaching importance Levantine, a group of writers .rarely and then assign the writing of them to equaled in 'the marshaling of experts representative authorities. Without in any publication except in such exception, the writers have been in works as "The Encyclopredia of Reli- Turkey and most o,f them have lived gion and Ethics." Mr. Mears' nine there. A unique feature is the number chapters are of the highest order, and of Turks who have contributed willhis 200 pages of Appendix matter- ingly to a book of this character."

bibliographies, chronology and the 99 The twenty-five "subjects of farpage index-add greatly to its value. reaching importance" are truly such, and their ramifications may be found A difference between this volume in the exhaustive Index. If our and other works upon Turkey is sug- readers desire to find a brief, authorgested by the author: "The purpose itative and down-to-date account of of this volume is (1) to set forth the the religions of the I,evant, Prof. contemporary problems in as simple Harvey Porter provides it; if our a fashion as possible, and (2) to give ladies ,,,ould gain a fair idea of presthat kind of a perspective on the con- ent-day womanhood in Turkey, Exfiicting factors underlying the politi- President Mary Mills Patrick, LL. D., co-economic life of Turkey which may of the Constantinople Woman's Colserve to il.'eveal both their relative lege, aids them in a most interesting values and their interrelation. Num- and authoritative manner; if our men erous writers dealing with the Levant wish to know about "The Turkish have been propagandists and stylists, Press," or "The Young Turk Movewho have devoted their efforts in the ment," two eminent Beys are our inpresentation of such well-known sub- formants; should our business men jects as Byzantine history, race, origin wish to know what future trade prosand development, religions of Asia, pects in. Turkey are chapters X-XVI; war operations, atrocities, harems, supply indirect and direct data on dogs, mosques and monasteries. They that point; should friends of Armenia have been informative intermediaries wish to investigate as to the truth in in helping to explain the East to the the case of Armenian questions, chap- Vest. . .. Few foreigners in Turkey ter XXIII is the source to be conor elsewhere can maintain a real dis.. suIted; and if Missions are to be interestedness. While no one wishes sampled, turn to the Index, "Missions to be considered 'faultily faultless, and Missionaries," and read the secicily regular, splendidly null,' there 431 tioIlS there indicated, remembering in and of their relation to theories of addition that one in seven of the au- personality. Portions of the material thorities contributing to the volume of this book have appeared in The is a missionary on the ground. In a Philosophical Review, The Monist and word such a work evokes one's high- The Rice Institute Pamphlet. (Dr.

est enthusiasm for its excellence as Tsanoff is Professor of Philosophy in one separates the wheat from the chaff the Rice Institute.) The author dis- among the books in this field of liter- cusses Materialism, the Doctrine of ature. H. p. B. Eternal RecuITence, Positivist Im- mortality, the Buddhist Doctrine of The Secret of the East. Observations and Karma, Immortality and Modern The- Interpretations. Oliver Huekel. rllustrated. 368 pp. $3.50. New York. 1924. ology, Ethical Arguments for Immor- tality, and iinds in the history of An intelligent and rather discursive tourist here reports observations philosophy a rational basis for a view made while on a leisurely trip around of human destiny which if it does not the world. Most of the chapters were point certainly to personal immortalprepared as lectures to popular audi- ity, at least would seem to justify the hope of immortality on the ground of ences. 'l'here are accolmts of Hawaii, Japan, Korea, China, the Philippines, antecedent probability. CandidlY, Java, Burma, India, the Holy Land, he regards personal immortality still and Greece. The author gives his as an unsolved problem. To those who main attention, however, tD Japan, do not accept the Christian Gospel, China and India. He has read widely, perhaps this is the best approach to particularly in the field of religion, the question, "If a man die, shall he and is chiefly interested in these live again f" One of the most valuphases of the cultures of the East. able chapters of this book is a study He is frankly Christian in his outlook of recent British idealism, though the and has warm sympathy for the work main argument is in the closing chapof missions. He would probably per- ter on Value, Personality and Destiny. mit the adjective "liberal" to be ap- Only the philosophical thinker is plied to his theological views. likely to be helped by such a line of reasoning. Its conclusion-if conclu- There is nothing particularly re- sion it can be said to reach-is essenmarkable or original about the book. tially summed up in such a pro- There are pleasant descriptions of nouncement as this: "Man's vision of what are seen by almost all intelligent God is the concrete expression of his travelers who follow the beaten tour- effort to utter the supreme in value. ist paths in Asia. There are, also, . . Whenever divine discontent stirs extensive summaries of the author's a man to reach out for the better and reading on some phases of the reli- truer and more beautiful, the Divine gions of China, Japan, and India. is affirmed and is recognized ….• These summaries are on the whole Its worship is the radiance of a forfairly accurate, although the author ward-piercing glancing, the radiant is inclined to give more credence to sense of the infinite, eternal, eveil'- the theory that Mahayana Buddhism present Beyond." was influenced by Christianity than c. c. A.

the facts walTant. The most interest- Whither Bound in Missions. D. .I: Fleming chapter is, perhaps, the report of ing. 8 va. 222 pp. Paper $1.00. New York. •an hour's visit with Gandhi. K. s. L. The author is already well known The Problem of Immortality. Studies in from his previous books. He here sets Personality and Value. .R. A. Tsanoff. out to show that missionary methods 8vo. 381 pp. Notes and Index. $3.00. need to be changed. This is no doubt New York. 1924. true, but it. does not apply t() mis- A philosophical study of the most sionary ideals. Apostolic power and significant theories of human destiny methods bring apostolic results today, Dr. Fleming's thoughtful arguments attractive and successful chapters of and suggestions are helpful and sound. The evils or weaknesses that modern missionary history. From he would correct are not inherent in the enterprise yesterday or today but the building of the Martyr Memorial are due to human f,railty or to a depa.rture from Christ's spirit and teach- Churches in 1863 to the Centenary of ings. For example, few Christians will defend the exhibition of a sense the London Mission the main events of superiority by missionaries in dealing with natives of non-Christian and development of the Malagasy lands. There is need for recognizing the good in all peoples and the real Church pass before us. J. R. contribution they may make to the Christian Church. There is also need Conferences of Christian Workers Among for recognizing the weaknesses and Moslems. 1924. 8vo. 152 pp. New non-Christian elements in Western York. civilization. It seems to many that the age of "authority" has passed Conferences of Christian workers and that logic and the results of a among Moslems in the Near East were philosophy of life are the evidences held last year at Jerusalem' (Palesdemanded'. Other changes advocated tine), Constantine (Algeria), Helwan refer to the divided Church, the mis- (Egypt) ,Brumana (Syria) and Baghsionary control of the national dad (Iraq). Most of these conferchurches, and emphasis on intensive ences were presided over by Dr. John work as contrasted with extensive ef- R. Mott and were attended by misfort. The book is thoughtful and sionaries, secretaries and others most worth reading. It grows out of ex- interestf)d in the work. They took up perience and study. such topics as occupation of the field, evangelization, the church, education, Fifty Years in Madagascar. Personal Ex- literature, leadership, medical work, periences of Mission Life and Work. social work, cooperation and the James Sibree. 353 pp. $4.00. Boston. spiritual dynamic. The basis of the 1924. discussions was a series of questions sent out in advance to the mission- The author went to Madagascar in aries. The findings gather the con- 1863 and worked there for forty-two sensus of opinion of those present at years. Since returning to England the conferences and should be studied he has visited the island several times by every missionary worker. The on deputations. He is therefore par- population of the Moslem world is ticularly well qualified to write on estimated at 234,814,989, four fifths Malagasy missions. A number of his of whom are increasingly accessible to books have found a wide circulation the Christian missionary approach. in the English-speaking world. The This is cspecially true of British Inpresent volume combines in a very dia, the Dutch East Indies, Persia, interesting way personal experiences Mesopotamia, Cbina, the Balkans, and with a good deal of the missionary Africa (except possibly Northern Nihistory of the island, and to some ex- geria) . The practically unoccupied tent the striking political events of areas include Afghanistan, Central the past fifty years. It is easily un- and Western Arabia, Turkestan and derstood, though regretted by most parts of Siberia, Bokhara, Socotra, readers, that he is very careful in his Albania, Bulgaria, Russia, Tripoli, report on the dealings of the French French Sudan, Morocco, the Sahara, colonial government since their con- and Eastern Malay Peninsula-a quest of the island. total population of about 36,000,000 The book is a fine and comprehen- people. sive introduction to one of the most The most effective means of eV3jl- gelization are by literature, medical missions and Christian educational work. The situation calls insistently upon the Church in the homelands to undertake this difficult task with greater energy, devotion and faith.

The Missionary Review of the World — May 1925

A PICTURESQUE PROMENADE IN PEKING UNION MEDICAL

Clearance Sales ~~~ to reduce stocks before we move A MOST unusual opportunity 1 Reductions in every department in the store. Because of our move this Fall to 49th Street and Fifth Avenue we are holding a general clearance sale this Spring to reduce our stocks. Some of the articles included are Damask, Fancy and Bed Linens, Towels, Blankets, Comfortables, Laces, Hosiery and Women's Personal Apparel.

Write today for "Clearance Sale Booklet No. 29"

us Req. Rlt. Off. James McCutcheon & Co.

"Department w.o. 20 Fifth Avenue, 33rd and 34th 8t8., New York Will You Work with Dr. Zwemer?

After spending three months in Egypt he is planning to visit South Africa in the interest of work for Moslems there. Later he will go to Mesopotamia and India. You can go with him and help in this work by your prayers and gifts to supply Christian Literature for Moslems.

Egypt Syria Russia China Morocco Palestine Persia Java Algiers Turkey India Sumatra Tunis Arabia Malaysia South Africa These countries are furnished with Christ's Message through The American Christian Literature Society for Moslems cooperating with the Nile Mission Press and with Interdenominational Committees on the fields to give the Gospel Message through the printed page.

THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS William 1. Chamberlain, Ph.D., President Dr. Robert E. Speer, Delavan L. Pierson, of New York, Vice Presidents Rev. S. M. Zwemer, D.D., Cairo, Honorary Field Secretary Rev. Ernest W. Riggs Dr. Frank Mason North Mrs. William Borden Mrs. William Bancroft Hill Dr. William B. Anderson ~ Dr. John H. Raven Mr. Fennel! P. Turner Miss Anna A. Milligan Mrs. D. L. Pierson Send your contributions to MRS. E. E. OLCOTT, Treasurer, 322 West 75th Street, New York City. c _ Apply for information and literature to MRS. JAMES M. MONTGOMERY, Secre- tary, I West 72nd Street, New York City.

Please mention THE MISSIONA.RY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers~ of THE MISSIONARY Review the World DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor CONTENTS FOR MAY, 1925 Page FRONTISPIECE ……….. THE PROMF..NAl>E OF UNION MEDICAL COLLEGE, PEKING EDITORIALS ……………………………………………………… 341 HAS THE AIM OF MISSIONS CILNGED~' A YOUTH MOVEMENT IN KOREA INFLUENCE OF IMM[GRANTS ON AMER- RELIGIOUS CONTROL 1N TURKEY !CAN LIJ<'E PIONEERING IN EAS·TERN LAOS LAND …………. , … , …. HUGH TAYLOR 349 An interesting story of a recent trip am011g unrrtrangelized tribes on the eastern border of Siam.

JAVA AND THE DUTCH EAST INDIES, ……………. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER 355 Facta in regard to tM remarkable work in Maln.ysia, as gathered by])r. Zwemer in his recent visit to this field where thousands of Moha1ll!medam", have become Christians.

DESTROYING ONE HUNDRED IDOl,S ……….. MRS. E}'lMA DRESSEL SMITH 362 The story of the voluntary destrtwti01' of images in, Western China, following the preacTving of the Gospel by missionarie8.

EFFECTIVE PRAYER FOR MISSIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RoBERT F. HORTON 36~ A thoughtful study by a pastor of long experience who g'ives his eonviotions as to the importance and value 0/ ilflterec8sion.

FOREIGN STUDENTS IN AMERICA ………….. ,' ,W. REGINAW WHEELER 365 An excursion into what is to many a'llunkn.own field among the thousands of young men and young women of m.any nationaltities Ivho are brought into cm- tact with Christians and non-Christians it, the United States.

DIFFICULT CONDITIONS IN BRAZIL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FRANK L. BAKER 369 Some of the obstacles to evangelical Christianity encountered in this great republic where paganism, infidelity, formal religious observances twd Christianity contend for the mastery.

RELIGION AND ANTI-RELIGION IN RUSSIA ………….. R;t)CENT VISITORS 371 Bome interesting and illuminating observations made by experienced and keen observers as to what is going on in R1tssia between extreme radicalism and conservatism and between a.nti-rdigiotls propllganaa and the simple faith of the multitudes.

AHMED OF BAGHDAD ……………………………………………• 380 The story Of how a young man, now a studen-t of the American Un,iversity in Cairo, was led to faith in Jesus C/wist and an open eo·"fession of Him.

BEST METHODS FOR DOING T1UJ IMPOSSIBLE .. EDITED BY MRS. E. C. CRONK 382 WOMEN'S HOME AND FOmnGN MIfSSION BULLETINS …. , .. ,……… 391 NEWS FROM MANY LANDS 397 THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY 413i TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, 25 cents. Published monthly. Copyrighted, 1925, by MISSIONARY REVlEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC. All rights reserved.

THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, Inc.

Robert E. Speer. President William I. Chamberla.in, Vice-President PUbUcati~llel:m~~, LSdP~r~:ii7Si~~~i7arrl'bUJ;lr Editorial :u~tf{usfn~~~~~1 ~r;;BFr~ AT.nu. Po.. 250 a OOP7 '2.60 .. 7….. New York City IIlltered al .-.nd-cl"". matt.r ..t the POlt om…. Harrisburg, Pa., under Act ot March 3, 1871. The bandit saYI– HARTFORD "YOUR MONEY OR YOUR LIFE" SEMINARY FOUNDATION The Master says– Hartford, Conn.

"YOUR MONEY AND YOUR LIFE" W. DOUGLAS MACKENZIE, :President You can both live and give at the Theological Seminary Dea.n, 'X. W. Ja.eQb~B same time. School of Religious :Pedagogy ANNUITY AGREEMENTS Dean, E. H. Knight show the way. Xennedy SchOOl of Missions Dean, E. W. C&pen Write for information to- Morris W. Ebneo, Treasu=, Board of Foreign Through these associated schools Hartford offers full training for Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church, t50 1. The Christian lIIlnlltry. Filth Ave., New York, N. Y. 2. Religious J:ducatlon and Social Service, W. J. Elliott, Treasurer, Boord 01 Home Mis- S. ~he Foreign Field.

sions and Church Extension 01 the Methodist Epis- Each school has its independent faculty and copal Church, t 70 t Arch St.. Philadelphia. its own institutional life and together they form one interdenominational institution with the unity ot a com;mon aim and spirit.

The plan for a group of eight buildings for the Foundation is being carried out. Mackende Hall, the woman's dormitory, is already com- pleted and occupied under direction of the Dean of Women, Mrs. Lester McLean, Jr~ Construc- tion has begun on Knight Hall, a classroom building, and Avery Hall, the library.

PERSONALS REV. LEYTON RICHARDS, successor to· Dr. .T. H. Jowett in Birmingham, England, is REV. W. C. POOLE, Ph.D., President of the touring the United States this spring in the interests of international understanding and World's Sunday School Association, arrived good will, under the auspices of the National (i'ouncil for Prevention of War. in New York on April 7th. .. * * *** REV. GODFREY PHlliliIPB and REV. V. A. REV. OHA&LES W. IGLEHART, for some years a Methodist missionary in Japan, has BARRADALE have been appointed secretaries been made an acting Associate Secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions, in special of the London Missionary Society, the charge of home base cultivation.

former to have special charge of the mis- OBITUARY sions in India and Mr. Barradale those in Africa, Madagascar and the South Sea Islands. .. * * REV. A. W. EL.1>1SLIE, who has just retired from the Livingstonia Mission, has been con- MRS. J. L. STUART, for fifty·one years a Presbyterian missionary in China, died in tinuously at work in Nyasllland since 1884. Peking on January 16th, at the age of **• eighty·three. Rer husband, who died eleven years ago, had spent forty-five years in mis- T. Z. Koo, who has been for several years sionary service, and their son, Dr. J. Leigh- ton Stuart, is president of Peking Univer- " secretary of the National Council of the sity. Y. M. O. A. of Ohina, is also secretary of RIGHT 1{ON. LORD PENTLAND, President the Wodd 's Student Christian Federation. of the British Committee of the Wodd 's In the latter capacity he is now visiting Sunday School Assoeiation and also of the Glasgow (ionvention Council, died in March, . . . American COlleges and universities. aged sixty·four.

REV. S. HALL YOUNG, who had been planning to make an extensive trip through the country in the interests of Presbyterian missionary work in Alaska, was taken very ill in Denver and has been Obliged to rnucel . . his engagements. REV. FREDER.ICK FA.Y WOLFE, missionary MIss AMELIA D. KEMP has been ap- of the M. E. Church in Mexico for sixteen pointed E,xeeutive Secretary of the Women's years, died January 12th at Lima, Peru, Missionary Society of the United Lutheran whither he haed just _been transferred as Church in America to succeed Mrs. Helen superintendent of the North Andes Mission Conference. Beegle who died several months ago.

Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers.

THEMI-nIONARY

EVIEW1fe VOL. MAY, 1925 NUMBER XLVIII FIVE HAS THE AIM Oli' .MISSIONS CHANGF~D~ "

G OD had but one Son and He was a missionary, sent by God into the world to save men from sin and secure for them eternal life. That was the aim of Carey, Marshman and Ward, the founders of modern Foreign Missions. That was the aim of Alexander Duff, the founder of Educational .Missions in India. That was the aim of David Livingstone in living and dying for Africa. That was the aim of Hudson Taylor in founding the China Inland Mission, and that was the aim of Adoniram Judson in giving his life for the redemptiQn or regeneration of Burma. Since Christ commissioned His disciples to go into all the world to preach the Gospel and baptize believers, the regeneration of men has been the one great aim of all mission work. Has that aim changed ~ .

Professor Gerald Birney Smith of Chicago University is reported to have said in an article in Biblical World of November, 1919, "Gradually we have come to see that it is religiously desirable that the Christianizing of non-Christian peoples shall mean the strengthening and purification of the best religious and moral traits of their native faith, rather than its complete eradication." Again this same professor says, "Today the missionary enterprise is being shifted from a program of rescuing a few souls from eternal disaster to the ideal of a long campaign of education and social reconstruction in the non-Christian nations. Increased emphasis is being placed on the social and political future of the non-Christian peoples on this earth." Think of that coming from a professor in a Christian college!

But is it true~ Those who have seen missionaries at work in India, China, Japan, Africa, and elsewhere, have seen no sign~ of their changed attitude or aim in mission work. Missionaries have not been unmindful of social and civic betterment; they have planted ,., From an editorial in The Baptist Missionary Review of lndia.

341

and carried on schools and colleges, hospitals and industrial institutions. But all these have been supplementary to the one great aim of preaching the Gospel of faith in Christ as the only means of regeneration and the only way of securing salvation and eternal life. Perhaps some teachers in the homo land regard this as foolishness. Others in Paul's day said this, but Paul said, "It pleased God by the foolishness of preaching to save them that believe." That was God's aim and method in Paul's day and it is the same today: "Jesus Christ is the same yesterday, today and for ever," and His method of saving men has not changed.

INFLUENCE OF IMMIGRANTS ON AMERICAN LIFE M ILLIONS of people from other lands have come to America in search for political, economic, social and religious liberty, and for an opportunity to educate families in healthful surroundings. Most of these immigrants have come from countries with far differ",nt ideals and customs; the vast majority of them are poor and uneducated from the American standpoint. Laws have been passed to keep out criminals, the diseased and dependent paupers, but no law has been devised for sifting out the indolent, the moral weaklings, or those with distorted social and political ideas.

What has been, and what is to be, the influence of these immigrants on American ideals, institutions and standards of life~ In former years when the majority of these foreign-born came from northern and easterIl Europe, the problem was less acute. Poverty did not hinder progress but stimulated industry; strength of character and high purpose prevailed, rather than a desire to get money and power by hook or crook. This COUIltry will ever be indebted to such men as .heob Riis, the Schiff and Straus families, Edward A. Steiner, Edward Bok, Michael Pupin and a countless host of others who arrived on these shores poor but honest, and who have helped to make America what she is today. Of recent years, however, the desire for mom.y-getting seems to have prevailed, and many ·foreigners have come, not to contribute their best or to obtain the best that America has to offer, but have sought to introduce many undesirable and harmful customs oppoSE'd to the standards and ideals that dominated the founders of this republic. These newcomers found a Christian Sabbath and are endeavoring to substitute a European holiday, commercialized so as to be a hindrance to rest and worship. They found strict laws guarding the sanctity of marriage and the home, and those without these ideals ate endeavoring to inake matrimony a temporary contract and the home merely a hotel. They found Ohristian ideals.in education, with respect for the Bible and its teachings; many are endeavoring to make Mllcation a means only for getting wealth without any reference to character.

EDITORIAL COMMENT

They found a free constitutional government based on an educated popularsuffrage; they are making public office a contemptuous byword because of the prevalence of corruption and self-seeking. They found the Christian religion established, though not as a state institution; they are endeavoring to substitute atheism, agnosticism, materialism or communism in its stead. The fault do'es not lie with the multitudes of uneducated but honest immigrants, but with those -both of native and foreign birth-whose quick wits, unenlightened antecedents and selfish instincts give them leadership without moral character and high ideals.

What will the immigrants do to America if America does not bring them into sympathy with enlightened Christian standardR of character and conducU These immigrants are multiplying faster than the native-born stock. They are, as a rule, more eager for education and power, and are more willing to endure hardship for the present in order that they may gain their ends. They prefer to make their own laws or to enjoy license rather than to submit to those that have made America great and free.

This is,' no doubt, the fault of Americans. Many of the immigrants have come asking bread and have been given a stone. 'rhey have looked for a paradise in the "promised land" and have found crowded slums and sweat shops with starvation wages. They have not been patiently trained in American institutions, laws, and ideals so as to prepare them for intelligent citizenship, with sympathy for our laws and customs and with friendly help in securing an education, obtaining suitable employment and establishing true homes.

Rev. Kenneth D. Miller, a Presbyterian minister who has had first-hand experience in work with and for the immigrant, says: "Even when contacts are made by immigrants with what are presumably the better elements in American life, th~ result is not always what one would wish. A number of boys of immigrant parentage were taken to a big college football game, in the hope that thus their interest in higher education might be stimulated. The experience will not be repeated. It may be possible for college graduates to explain why it is that so many college men feel that they cannot properly celebrate their return to the college town for a big game without getting drunk. But it is rather difficult to erase from the minds of unsophisticated immigrant boys the impression that this is 'college life' and such the standards of the privileged classes of America…. Many an immigrant father and mother tell in scandalized tones of the 'goings-on' of their young people who are but aping their American brothers and sisters of the colleges, universities and country clubs. "

'l'here is much difference of opinion as to the influence of the immigrant on American life. Many look upon him as the great peril, threatening the integrity of our national life, undermining our

national institutions, demoralizing our social order, responsible for the degeneracy of our racial stock. He is sometimes held responsible for unemployment, female and child labor, the introduction of machinery, unsafe coal mines, low standards among wage earners, strikes, industrial crises, congestion in great cities, pauperism, crime, insanity, race suicide, gambling, the Continental Sunday, parochial schools, atheism, political corruption, municipal misrule, radicalism, socialism, Bolshevism, and anarchy. Without doubt if all the facts were known and if prejudice was eliminated it would be found that these evils are not all due to the immigrant. They are due rather to selfish materialism wherever found.

The immigrant is doing a large part of America's work, bnilding our office buildings, constructing our tunnels and highways, making our automobiles, our clothes, our machinery, our steel, and mining our coal, our iron, our copper. Hundreds of farms which had been abandoned by Americans have been taken up and worked successfully by Poles, Slovaks and other immigrants. The rolling prairies of the central west and the southwest are cultivated by Germans, Scandinavians and Czechs. Hundreds of thriving immigrant banks and building and loan societies bear testimony to the healthy frugality of new citizens.

The influx of so many different races and nations makes for the development of the international mind in the American people. The injection of these wider interests and more catholic sympathies into the provincialism and narrowness of our isolated American life cannot but be of value.

The influence of immigrants on American life will he determilled by the influence of American life upon the immigrants. They generally arrive in a plastic, receptive frame of mind. They are expecting great things in the great land. If they are met with friendly and patient courtesy, with a desire to help them become established and to discover the best in American institutions, then they will hecome loyal citizens, ready to live and to die for their new country_ If they are met with suspicion, rude treatment and cruel exploitation, then they will jn turn hecome suspicious, rude, cruel and selfishly indifferent to the welfare of the nation. The best investment that the State and the Church can make jointly will be a school that offers to every immigrant an opportunity for training in loyal citizenship, in the development of character, in industrial efficiency and in Christian ideals.

A YOUTH MOVEMENT IN KOREA T HE young men and young women of Korea were first awakened by the Gospel of Christ. Then came Japan and took away their independence. This aroused their patriotism and helped to stimulate their ambition to know more so that they could take their

EDITORIAL COMMENT 34

place in the nation and the world. William E. Shaw writes as fol- lows in the Korea Mission Field: This movement of the youth of Korea can be directed Christ- ward if those in places of leadership will be big enough to lay aside every weight of barren tradition and blighting prejudice.

A conference was held last summer at Chai Ha Dong-"the place of many colored mists' '—-among the hills just outside of Songdo. Thither young men came to find God, to talk with Him, to walk with Him and to commune with Him, to face, in the spirit of Christ, the big issues of this new day.

They met to discuss such questions as the following; What about the authority of the Bible–is it gone or going, or has it greater power and effectiveness than ever before? Shall we believe modern science as taught in our schools or shall we believe the Bible-or can we accept both of them, modern science at least tentatively1 Have we the right to rebel against what seems wrong to us? What about our old customs-shan we shelve them~ And the new ones coming from foreign lands-shall we adopt them ~ Who shall choose our wives for us-our parents or ourselves f Can we honorably get out from under the yoke of marriage placed on us by others f Has love any place in marriage 1 In the face of an unbearable economic situation, what shall we do-adopt the materialistic attitude of the rest of the world or the spiritual viewpoint of J esus ~ With country gone, shall we practice the 8ermon on the Mount 1 Is not that a fairly large order for a six-day conference of young men averaging about twenty years of age?

These questions are real, vital, pressing in the lives of the youth of Korea. Frank discussion followed addresses by leaders who came fortified not only with a knowledge of their subjects but with a familiarity with the way of Jesus as well. The students came to find what Jesus had to say about the things which were bothering them, and they themselves helped. in the solution of the problems. by an evident sincere desire to be guided by the spirit of Jesus. He faced eternal problems and He reached eternal solutions.

Suppose that, without your conseut, you are married at the age of fourteen to a women five or six years your senior. You cut your classes-first-year high school, perhaps-to get the ceremony over with. At least you have a chance then to see what you drew. You are studious and ambitious, so you return to school, graduate, get the opportunity to go to America, go, graduate and return to your homeland to find that your wife and numerous progeny have eloped with another man. Now, in the mission school, there is a young lady graduating whom yon would have chosen as your help-mate if your old national customs had not wished another one on you. You have never loved the older woman. Certainly her elopement has not deepened your regard for her. What would you do? Nay, what

would Jesus do-which is infinitely more important even if only your own permanent peace of mind is concerned. What did the boys at the conference decide that a Ohristian should do~ Forget the older woman and marry the younger one if possible ~ Be it far from them! Divorce the woman who had run away and remain single ~ Perhaps an easy way out of an awkward situation. Divorce the woman and marry the college girH No! Mark well the student's answer! Go to the runaway wife and invite her back to share your home! Here is a man who will go the prophet Hosea one better, for Hosea probably did love Gomer in the first instance.

Face this situation with our Korean boys. You have no coun- try. Some one has slipped it out from under your pillow while you were asleep. You have no flag to wave nor national anthem to sing. Even your national history is slipping away into mythology. Ohrist says, "Love your enemies, do good to them t4at hate you, pray for them which despitefully use you and persecute you." Have you Ohristian grace enough to "play up and play the game" against odds lik~ thaU Have you learned to turn the other cheek?

Picture this. Your personal property is nil. Houses, lands, stocks and bonds, factories, mines, railroads-practically everything from pigs to post-holes belongs to the other fellow, and perhaps you cannot talk to him for he may not understand your language! Where are you going to put your trust-in Karl Marx's philosophy of economic determinism or in Jesus' philosophy of the Golden Rule ~ The temptation is to follow England and America and the rest of the world, and to get all you can and keep all you get. But even there you are up against a stone wall for there is nothing loose. even on one end. Even Gandhi's philosophy of non-cooperation would fail you in this situation, for your cooperation is not needed and your passive resistance is futile. Now what will you do-turn Bol- shevist and put your trust "in reeking tube and iron shard," or in . Him who proclaimed blessings upon the meek and promised them the earth, but who also commanded His followers to lay not up treasure upon earth but to leave all and follow Him 1 Hard problems these-harder and more real to a Korean boy than whether creation Was a matter of days or reons or whether God is a triumphant fact or a pious fiction-which really are not serious problems for the naturally religious Korean mind. It is real, prac- tical problems for which young Korea wants a solution, and those who attended this conference wanted Ohrist's solution.

Someone says that you cannot mix religion and politics. If that means anything in this present day it means that you cannot mix religion with reality, and that religion has nothing to do with practical affairs. You may believe that, but youth the world around is insisting that you can mix them and that you must mix them and that they will mix them-and that is the Youth Movement!

EDITORIAL COMMENT

The heart of the conference was, however, in the early morning hour when each day the students climbed the mountain-side alone, sat beside a tiny, whispering mid-summer mountain stream and met God face to face. That was what made the conference a thing long to be remembered, for it was those hours which put us into the spirit of the meeting and brought us to Ohrist's attitude in these vexing problems. God spoke to us in eternal certainties at those times: "I am the way, the truth and the life; if you regard iniquity in your heart the Lord will not hear; thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart; God has made all nations of one blood; anyone who does not possess the spirit of Ohrist does not belong to Him; thou art come to the kingdom for such a time as this! Quit you like men, be strong!"

RELIGIOUS CONTROL IN TURKEY W HILE the Caliphate (or office of the religious and civil head of Islam) has been abolished in Turkey and the Caliph has beel1 banished, Turkey is still avowedly a Moslem State. The Oonstitution recognizes Islam as the national religion. The office of Oaliph was abolished because of a suspicion that, being of the Imperial family, he might hatch reactionary plots in Oonstantinople. The Sta,te also coveted the properties and income of the Caliphate to help pay government expenses.

One evidence that rrurkey is a Moslem land with a Moslem government is that those who break the fast of Ramazan are liable to fine or imprisonment. Shops must be closed on Friday and there is an effort to compel such firms as the Anatolian Railroad, the Ottoman Bank, the Public Debt Commission, and even the Standard Oil Oompany, to dismiss all non-Moslem employees. All this is not so much religious zeal as an effort to stir up nationalistic fanaticism aud "patriotism. " The leaders in Angora are not thought to be deeply religious men; but they believe that these measures will insure the dominance of the Turks. Not only has the edict gone forth (with some exceptions) that none but Turkish signs shall be displayed by shops and firms; but a notice in the papers recently said that the police were to arrest any street-vendors who cry their wares in any other language than Turkish, even in Greek quarters. Will the next step be to compel all schools to use Turkish as the only medium of teaching'

An encouraging sign of a measure of freedom of the press is the criticism of officials and of official acts. A recent editorial by Hussein Djahid, in Tanin, speaks boldly against mixing religion with politics: One cannot but feel a certain revolt and disgust at the idea of making use of religion as a political instrument. . . . Let our officials adopt a clear and definite line of conduct; let them tell the whole country-what are their

principles and their convictions; have they constituted a secular state, and have they separated religious affairs from profane?' Are they in favor of liberalism and a new system, or are they acting under the influence of the theocratic ideas of the past T Do they wish to tyrannize over our opinions and beliefs, and demand here and now the. account that each one must give before God on the Judgment Day T If our leaders, while they talk loudly of the separation of religion from secular affairs, do not acknowledge any such liberty except for themselves, and if they begin to hand over to the law courts people who break the fast, each one will have the right to say to them, "Gentlemen, pray use your common sense!" . . . If the Government believes that it is charged with the task of compelling, through the police and the law courts, obedience to the provisions of the religious law, does it think that the p,rovisions of that law include nothing but this fast that comes but once a yearT Have they forgotten the prayers 1 Where is the obligation to charity' Where have they relegated the pilgrimage to the tomb of the Prophet? Why do they not deliver oyer to the law courts those who do not practice these Y Such comments in the public press of Turkey are sure to influence thinking Moslems. Either Turkey must be dominated by Mos- lem laws and customs or it must be a free state granting liberty of conscience and conduct so far as this is in harmony with justice, morality and loyalty to the country. In this connection it is encouraging to note that the Y. M. C. A.

in Constantinople is still permitted to ca.rry on its religious and social work. Mr. D. A. Davis, the secretary for Eastern Europe, says: " The membership of the Y. M. C. A. last March was 985, the highest in the history of the Association, an increase of 382 over the previous year. A Boys ' Work Department was organized in Stamboul, the old quarter of the city, and beginnings made in Pera. Thlrteen groups of boys under trained leaders are following regularly the Christian Citizenship Training Program. A Federation of Boys' Olubs of Oonstantinople has been organized. Distinctly religious activities are not forbidden. On the contrary there has been a steady increase in interest in this phase of our activities. Attendance at all religious meetings in Oonstantinople is of course entirely voluntary. Bible classes are held during the week, in addition to the thirteen Ohristian Citizenship Training Groups. Every Saturday night is held the Inter-religious Prayer Group, composed of about twenty-five representative young men who hold daily devotional meetings. The entire staff meets every month for Bible study and conference."

Mr. Davis adds: Personally I believe the present Turkish Government is making a desperate effort against unbelievable odds of ignorance, poverty, inexperience, tradition, and international cynicism, to establish a modern, respectable nation. Its leaders have expressed to us their consciousness of the inadequacy of existing organizations to meet the needs of Turkish young men and boys. They have asked for our cooperation. . . Given patient and wise leadership, a sympathetic understanding of the present fundamental tJ'ansfo·rmation of the Turkish Republic, and the prayerful, continued support of the Brotherhood in America, and the Association in Turkey is on the threshold of truly great developments.

SALE CHEAP-SUITABLE FOR A MISSION HOUSE IN LOOANG PRABANG

THE EASTERN LAOS Pioneering in Eastern Laos Land BY REV. HUGH TAYLOR, NAN STIATION, SIAM . Missionary of the Presbyterian Chureh, U. S.A.

O UR eyes have been fixed on the Trans-Khong region of North- ern Siam for many a long year. Dr. McGilvary made his first trip to Looang Prabang twenty-five years ago and subsequent trips confirmed the news of a people who listened with rapt attention to the Gospel message. During the next twenty years a veil was drawn over the region. Recently, however, interest has been aroused in the district around Nong Khai and, special means having been provided, the Mission voted that we should visit the district and, if possible, include Looang Prabang. Fourteen loads of Scriptures in the Eastern Laos characters were provided by the American Bible Society and three colporteurs were added to the 349

expedition. Yuan Scriptures and tracts were also taken from our stock in Nan 'and four evangelistic assistants went with us.

Last February we started out on the north road and about ten miles out came on a little village named Pah Sing (Lion-forest-town) in which lives a Christian family. The advent of our troupe, numerous enough to fill all hotel accommodations, the churches and schoolhouse, made some stir but none seemed interested in our message. After dark a traders' caravan arrived from the north and some of our men went to sleep in the homes to make room for the new comers in the temple. We held a 'service with them and when we closed our eyes later it was with a prayer for those who had just heard the Gospel for the first time. Our dreams came true beyond all our expectations.

The next ten days were spent in passing over old ground and visiting Christians, holding Communion services and administering adult and infant baptisms, marriage ceremonies, reprovings, rebukings and exhortings at the various stops. From Muang Pawn we turned to. the right and that night made our evening's camp in a delightful spot on the Nan River. In the quietness of the woods we held a conference of the workers on what methods we should use in the new country. Some boldly advocated tearing down their old house (the Buddhist faith) so that they would come to live with us in our mansion (the Christian faith). After much discussion it was unanimously decided that we shou1d show the people our Mansion, its beauty, comfort and safety, and give them a cordial invitation to come and make their home with us. We determined to know nothing among them, save Jesus Christ and Him crucified.

Early the next afternoon we arrived at the first village in Muang Ngune and lodged in one of the temples. It proved not a good place for work as it was one side of a center of population and was an opium and gambling den. The priests certainly need to be converted but we failed to make any perceptible impression on them. We called on the Paw Muang (chief district officer) and found him surrounded by the headmen of the villages of the district who stopped their business and listened to the Gospel. We received pressing in~ vitations to visit all the neighboring towns and the two days spent at this point developed an interest equal to any we had ever experienced. These were still Yuan Tai, the very same family of people among whom we have been working for three decades.

At Muang Hong Sa we came upon the first of the Eastern Laos people and four days' work in the district revealed how eager a people could be to hear the" good news." Our copies of the Scriptures were already getting low and we had to divide the stock and limit the number allowed for each place.

At Ban Nyai we turned aside to see "The Burning Mountain" which has been burning for eighty to a hundred years. It has every

J PIONEERING IN EASTERN LAOS LAND

appearance of a burning coal bed and in the center of the burned area I found pieces of coal that had been recently laid bare by the floods. The whole area has settled down from ten to fifteen or more feet.

From Hong Sa the Nai Queng sent word to Tah Noon to secure . boats for our passage down the River Khong to Looang Prabang. On arrival at Tah Noon we found the Tahseng (headman) slowly bleeding to death from an axe wound on the leg, which was bound up with some sort of rotten stuff. When we stopped the flow of blood by a turnspit a sigh of gratitude went up from the crowd who watched with interest the careful cleaning out of the wound. When the bandage was being applied there was amazement beyond bounds at the length of that piece of cloth! Willing arms carried the old man to his bed and piled the pillows high under his foot.

The old man called on me before I was out of bed the next morning and nothing could keep him from personally looking after the construction of our boat-raft for the down river trip. Two boats were lashed together, reenforced by fifty long bamboo poles, over which was laid a platform which held a horse stable, tent, and our whole outfit, with forty men. The boat crew Were carefully selected men who spent their off duty hours in receiving intensive instruction in the Bible.

We spent Sunday at Ban Keng Kham, a small town surrounded by mountains at one of the Khong crossings. Saturday evening at sundown the assembling of the village women around the temple compound attracted us and held us spellbound by a sort of chant in which the clear bell tones of their voices echoed and reechoed marvellously between the mountains on either side of the river.

Ai Sang, a Kamoo Christian whom we had brought as one of our carriers, found some of his relatives who had come down from their mountain eyries on a trading expedition and we helped him preach the Gospel to them. He also found some Laos friends to whom he told the story of the Cross and one woman confessed faith on first hearing. She asked to be taught how to live as a Christian and Ai Sang brought her and a grown son to me for instruction. The woman said that she and her two sons believed and wanted me to tell them definitely what to do and what not to do to be followers of Jesus. She said that they had been seeking for something they did not know what ever since their father died; and now the search was ended for the Saviour was found and of course they all three believed. Only a half hour with such an one to point the way of light and life eternal and we pass on with the hope that in a year we may be back again to baptize those who have proved faithful. We left with them a copy of the Gospels according to Matthew and Luke and the Holy Spirit of God as their teacher. OUf hope of returning to them in a year is conditioned somewhat on Nan Station

receiving the needed reenforcements in the educational work to train up boys as leaders in the Lord's hosts.

Looang Prabang is located on the south side of the great curve of the Maa Khong river as it sweeps to the south. At the city the Khan river coming from the southeast with the Khong forms a penin- sula which is occupied by the city in the midst of which arises a high conical hill, the top of which is decked by the spire of a Buddhist temple. The Laos populatiou is up those rivers and hill tribes cover the intervening mountain spaces.

By the delay in starting from Nan we reached Looang Prabang just when the representatives from the whole province were center- ing in the city. We did not advertise our work and yet when I returned from an early morning walk about the city on our first day there, I found the assistants busy preaching to visitors. For seven days, sixteen hours a day, the walls of that sala echoed the voices of the spoken word presenting the Living God and His written Word.

Our supply of the Gospels of Matthew and Luke in the Eastern Laos t.ongue was limited, but our visitors took copies into almost every district of that province. From six days' journey distant they came for gospels to take home with them to study and teach to their neigh- bors. After two or three days requests became more and more definite.

"I beg for a copy of the Gospel according to Matthew."

"Please show me the three chapters of .J esus' words."

"I wish to store them in my heart."

"Please mark the Lord's Prayer. I want to learn to pray that prayer and teach all my people to pray it."

"Where is the promise of the Holy Spirit~"

""Where is the story of the cross1"

"Where is the great commission1"

I did not know a letter of t.he Eastern Laos alphabet when I entered the territory but work forced me to study it out so that 1 might read easily. In all my experience as a missionary I have never told the story of the Cross to those who listened with such intense interest. Young and old, men and women came to hear about Jesus Christ and announced the object of their visit without parley.

Then they returned bringing friends.

Some priests were among the first to come and they did not miss a day, hearing the Old, Old Story over again. At times they stayed after other inquirers had left so that they might ask questions that showed heart interest. We would consider it an inestimable privi- lege to repeat the trip this next touring season, but more than that should be done. A mission station should be opened there at once; Opportunity is ripe. "

When I hunted up a Chinese merchant to see if I could get some cash, I met a man whom I had seen at Tah Sao, the railway station

PIONEERING IN EASTER,N LAOS LAND

where Nan freight is transferred to boats. Almost his first greeting was an inquiry as to whether I had come to open up a new mission station. He said that the man with whom he was visiting had suitable property for sale which we could get cheap." It would seem that the situation was just created for us to go in and take possession at the very least expenditure of men and money.

Ai Sang the Kamoo and his party caught up with us at the city according to appointment. His people received him as risen from the dead, for they believed the report that had drifted back to them from the valley world that the India man with whom he had run away had butchered and eaten him. They received the gospel message with gladness for they hate their evii spirits.

On leaving Looang Prabang for the south we left Ai Sang behind to go back to his people and teach them. Four months later, having completed the tour to Nong Khai, I was working at my desk late of a Saturday afternoon, when Ai Sang came back to Nan leading six of his people. His report is to the point. All of his people began to study under him, but they asked so many questions he could not AI SANG-ONE OF OUR EVANGELISTS answer, that he determined to come down and get a couple of the evangelistic helpers to go back and teach. We have no one to send. We crippled ourselves in letting Kroo Muang and family go to the help of Chieng Rung. Nai Boon Tah and Noi China are in Chiengmai for six months' Bible study and noneo! the other teachers are physically able for the trip.

Another clan near the Kamoos have sent word that they would pay the salary and give the man two buffaloes who would come and teach them how to get rid of their evil spirits. A hundred miles north of Looang Prabang are ninety Kamoo Christians who have not been visited by a missionary for twenty years. Reports reach ,. The first story of the majn butlding 1s in OIl e rooIll; the second Ooor is divided Into three large l1vlng rooms , and there 1S a fire·proof kitch en and storeroom, with servants' Quarters. a smaH ga rd en , and a building that could be fi t t ed up f.or a small hospital. The wbole plant can be bought for six thousand dollars (somewher e near half its cost). Another thousand dollars would fit up th e am nll er bunding either tor th e hospital or a. r esidence. Two small families could go right in and s e ttie down to work at onCG, a nd the large room in the main buildin g could be used fo r an a s sembly and Bible classroom. See p ag r. 3 49 for pi cture of property fo r sal e.

2

us that they are still holdiug together. Scores of Kamoo clans are scattered throughout the mountain regions that surround Looang Prabang and We should by all means occupy this open field.

It took us nineteen days from Looang Prabang to Nong Khai and almost every place visited gave the same eager response to the preached and printed Word of God. VIfe had with us a gramophone that spoke their own language and they were delighted with it. As soon as we announced that the entertainment program was ended and we wished to tell them something that would be for their eternal welfare, immediately the children would be crowded out of their places in the front by the older people, who gave their undivided attention as long as I was able to speak. Exhausted, I have gone to my cot in a temple compound and have been lulled to sleep by a hundred voices trying to repeat to each other the wonders that they had just heard-sin, God's love, redeeming Grace, and eternal glory.

It was an inestimable privilege, for two whole months to preach the Gospel to a people eager to hear. Have we done enough for the thre~ hundred and fifty thousand of the Looang Prabang district ~ PRESBYTERIAN MISSIONARIES AND THE MAP 01' 1'HEJR FIELD-SrAM Dr. Claude W. MaRon; Mr:' . Dodd and Dr. W. C. Dodd (Doceaded)

A CHRISTIAN CH UR C H AT DJOKJA

Java and the Dutch East Indies BY REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D.D., F.R.G.S. Editor of The Mo.-1 0m World EDWARD BOK recently wrote an article under the title, "Well, I Didn't Know That," in which he revealed prevailing igno- rance concerning the great Dutch island empire in the tropics. During the war days a British captain in charge of a cruiser in the Red Sea challenged a Dutch liner, calling out through his speaking trumpet: "From whence and where." The Dutch captain, of Falstaffiall proportions as well as sense of humor, replied, "From the tight little island of Java, bound for Amsterdam. " When the British captain replied, " 'Where under the sun is Java ~ " the Dutchman (who knew hotel life in New York), called back, "Boy, page Java."

These Dutch possessions in the East Indies comprise an immense island empire, 683,000 square miles in area, with a population of 49,161,000. As the population of Java alone exceeds 35,000,000, it is the most important of the entire group of islands and forms a mission field by itself. The island lies five degrees south of the equator, and has a tropical climate with a mean an11ual temperature of about 78 degrees. The coldest month is January, and the hottest, 355

SIGOMPULAM PEARADJA-A DUTCH HATTAK MISSION SCHOOL October. The wettest station in Java has an annual rainfall of 327 inches, while the driest has thirty-five inches. Bahrein, Arabia, has annually, only two and one half inches of rainfall. The mountain system in Java affords variety of climate and wonderful beauty of scenery, with tropical verdure to the summit and great rice fields stretching to the shore. Java has 125 volcanoes, fourteen of which are active.

The vast population is divided by race and language into three groups: Javanese, who number about two thirds of the total; Sundanese, one sixth, and Madurese, who number 5,000,000, or about one tenth chiefly on the Island of Madura.

The agricultural and mineral wealth of Java is proverbial. The rice harvest alone amounts in a single year to 6,000,000 tons. In addition, they produce coffee, tea, spices, quinine, tobacco, sugar, cotton and indigo. One third of the rubber of the world is now produced in the Dutch East Indies, and seven eighths of the quinine. Among the most important minerals is petroleum, but coal, copper, tin, silver, gold are also found.

The whole island of Java is knit together by admirable roads and railways. There are over 3,500 miles of first-class roads and 11,000 second- and third-class, which are far superior to the average road in America. Eighteen hundred miles of railway and 1,300 miles of steam trams unite East and West Java, not to speak of 15,000 miles of telegraph lines and telephone system. The leading cities are Batavia (250,000), which is the center of government; Soerabaya (160,000), and Semarang.

The Dutch first entered the East Indies in 1598. In 1602 the Dutch East India Company was established, and in 1619 Batavia was founded. In 1811 Java was captured by the British and remained in their power until 1816 when by treaty East India was restored to the Dutch. After a number of wars with the Javanese, gradually a

J AVA AND THE DUTCH EAST INDIES

system of over-lordship was established which lasted from 1830 until 1860. Then a famous novel by Dacker, entitled, "Max Havelaar" fell like a bomb in the Netherlands and compelled a readjustment of the whole system of government, having much the same effect as the publication of "Uncle Tom's Cabin" in America. The charges in the book were never refuted but abuses were gradually diminished and finally the whole system of exploitation was abandoned. A recent writer states: Though "Max Havelaar" was presented in the form of fiction, its incidents were founded on facts, and it formed a severe indictment of the policy pursued for two and a half centuries by the Dutch in the management of their East Indian possessions. It proved to the satisfaction at any rate of a large section of the Dutch nation, that the Home Government, whilst ordering humanitarian rule on paper, in reality connived at slavery. Theoretically the Javanese peasant was a free man; in practice he was a chattel. The Dutch had found ready to hand in the East what they did not find in the West Indies, in America, or in the Cape of Good Hope, a huge laboring population, or rather, a huge population that could be forced to labor. This being so, there was no necessity for them to found real colonies; and the Dutch East Indies, according to Decker, were not colonies in the true sense of the word, but mere money-making concerns.

At present free labor is universal, and the Dutch policy is that of benevolent paternalism without any cause for oppression. The French traveler, Cabaton, whose book is perhaps the best we have MISSlON CHURCH AT MAOMPANG JAVA COMITE-HAS 140 MOSLEM CONVERTS AS MEMBERS

(In Java, speaks very highly of the Dutch colonial system. A more recent book by Torchiana, entitled" Tropical Holland," gives an account of present-day conditions which compare favorably with the ~olonies of 1<'rance and Britain.

In Java we may study comparative religion on a large scale, and may trace the layers of the different religious conquests in the language, the art, the civilization, and the public religious acts of the people. The soil was animistic. Very early, about the first century of the Christian era, however, Hindu and Buddhist influences were established. All the remains of Javanese architecture, their national theater and their weird music, can be traced to Hindu and Buddhist influence.

The political power of Hinduism held till the middle of the fifteenth century. The island of Bali, still wholly Buddhist, is a great unoccupied mission field. Nineteen twentieths of the population of the East Indian Islands is Mohammedan, and although Islam here may seem superficial when compared with North Africa, it is thoroughly established and has all the vital elements of the older Islam. Yet the Javanese are very proud of the period of Hindu- Buddhist culture which is considered the golden age of their civilization, when Europe was still in medieval darkness.

Islam began its cunquest, under Sheikh Abdullah Arif and J ehan Shah; it did not continue to develop culture but deadened its vitality. Art and architecture declincd as did manners and morals. In 1507 the King of Atjeh, in Northern Sumatra, embraced the Moslem faith, while Ibn Batuta makes mention of a Moslem ruler in Sumatra as early as 1345. A certain Arab named Rahmat, who 8tylcd himsclf an apostle, began to preach and win converts, and built the first mosque in Java. After the conversion of the chief, .Raden Ratah, proselytes became more numerous, force was used to extend the Moslem state, the capital fell into their hands and Islam was practically triumphant in 1478 A. D. Nine apostles or missionaries were sent out to convert the remainder of the people.

Before the end of that century the King of Ternate, in the Moluccas was converted, "and Islam was spread in the Spice Islands by Javanese traders who came there for the douhle purpose of procuring cloves and imparting Islam." Arnold, quoting from a German writer, tells how these merchant missionaries carried on their propaganda in a way that won the whole Malay Archipelago. "The better to introduce their religion into the country," he says, "the Mohammedans adopted the language and many· of the customs of the natives, married their women, purchased slaves, in order to increase their personal importance, and succeeded finally in incorporating themselves among the chiefs who held the foremost rank in the state." In 1803 Some Sumatra pilgrims, who had become followers of the Vahabi movement in Arabia, returned from Mecca to

TAVA AND THE DUTCH EAST INDIES

proclaim a holy war against all infidels, first the heathen Battak tribes and afterwards the Dutch rulers. A seventeen-year war fol- lowed; but the propaganda did not cease even when the Dutch Gov- ernment took the last stronghold of the zealots. Today Java is one of the vital centers in the world of Islam as is indicated by the num- ber of pilgrims from the Dutch East Indies to Mecca, shown by government returns: Moslem year Christwn year Dutck E. Ind. Total Pilgrims Pilgrims at Mecca 1329 1911-12 24,025 83,749 1330 11912-13 18,353 83,295 1331 1913-14 26,321 96,924 1332 1914-15 28,427 56,855 1333 19,15 pilgrimage stopped 1334 1916 pilgrimage stopped 1335 1917 72 8,585 1336 1918 48 7,020 1337 1919 1,093 22,131 1338 1920 14,786 59,370 1339 1921 28,878 60,786 Elementary education, established in 1848, is now carried on by government schools and private schools. Compared with the Philippines the educational program in the Dutch East Indies is very backward in its extent, although modern in its content and Dutch in its thoroughness. Illiteracy still prevails among 95 per cent of the population and less than 900,000 pupils are provided with instruction, the amount spent for education annually being less than 80,000 pounds sterling.

More than one hundred Moslem newspapers are published in the Dutch East Indies. The titles of some of these are significant: "Light of Sumatra," "Young Java," "Young Sumatra," "Light of India," "Light of Minahassa," "Light of Islam," "The Revival of Islam," "Agreement and Disagreement" (the first in the list of Moslem religious papers), "The Arena of Islam," etc. Their variety and number, in the present time of depression and general crisis in the newspaper world, surely are proof that Islam is awake.

Some of the papers are frankly reactionary, and advocate a return to the old Islam, but the majority are progressive and desire reform, educational and ethical. The contents of a single number of the" Tjahaja-Islam" are typical. This paper is a diglot in Malay- Javanese. The advertisements, with one exception, relate to Moslem schools, book-sellers and eating-houses. In the issue for November 5, 1921, after an editorial (which closes with a threefold Amen), the leading article is on Islam and Democracy. Then follow an appeal for money to open a new Moslem school, a poem calling for the better observance of the five prayer periods, a proposal to unify the Moslem press, and a reply by the editor, who says that three small papers reach a larger circle than one large one! The Javanese

DINING ROOM OF THE CHRISTIAN TRAINING SCHOOL. SOLO, JAVA section hilS similar matter and in addition a Koran exposition with references to Thomas Carlyle.

According to the last census there were 11,942 schools with a total of 846,326 pupils, not counting the higher training institutions for engineering, commerce, medicine and law. At the meeting of the Zendings Bond at Djokja in August last, where missionaries of all Java were in council, it was estimated that the total of literates for Java was as follows: One million who read Malay, one and onehalf million who read .Javanese, 400,000 Sundanese readers, and 200,000 Madurese readers. The Roman character is slowly (some say rapidly) displacing the Arabic character in Malay (even in .Javanese). Dutch is becoming more known among all educated Javanese.

The Nederlandsch Zendeling Genootschap, the earliest of the Christian missionary societies, was founded in 1797. In 1858, because 'of the wave of rationalism which swept through Holland, many of the evangelical party seceded and organized other societies, each with its own doctrinal basis, Today sixteen societies work on the island of Java and have 456 missionaries in the Dutch East Indies. The methods followed are practically the same as in other mission fields with the exception of the establishment of Christian villages by the development of land and virgin forest under grant of the Dutch Government. By this method the Dutch missionaries were able to protect their converts and give them educational advantages in a center of social and spiritual life. The resttlt -is that there are now 37,526 converts from Islam in Java, and 8.000 in the other islands' making a grand total of 45,5:26. ,Ve bow before the grace of God who has given life to the seed and a harvest to the faithful sowers in these isles that waited so long for His Law.

JAVA AND THE DUTCH EAST INDIES

Dr. B. J. Esser in his book, "God's Guiding Hand in Missions" (Dutch edition) mentions the following cooperating factors in missions in Java.

1. The Javanese people who number one half of the total population of the Dutch East Indies have one language and one civilization.

2. Every part of the field is accessible by rail and roadway. 3. The hospitable, docile and polite character of the people guarantee the safety of person and property; especially the educated Javanese who are the leaders and accessible through the press and through the Dutch language. 4. All medical work has the guarantee of a liberal subsidy on the part of the Government. This is also the case for all schools where the Dutch language is taught. 5. The Javanese Bible translation is excellent and cheap. 6. The beginnings of educational literature by the Government and the missions as well as distinctly Christian literature offer many advantages. 7. There is an educational and social revival manifesting itself in the organization of Societies Boedi-Oetomo, Sarakat-Islam, etc. 8. The Christian congregations which exist are centers of evangelism.

Missions in Java are remarkable; (1) In the large results secured among an almost wholly Moslem population, and these results were secured not by superficial methods, but by the most thorough requirements for baptism. (2) In the preparation of Christian literature, including Bible translations, where the psychology of the people was taken into consideration, as perhaps on no other field. The Javanese mind was thoroughly understood in presenting the message, and therefore received acceptance. (3) In spite of the many societies engaged in the work in one single field, the laws of comity have been strictly observed, and there is an increasing spirit of cooperation between the missions, especially in the production and distribution of Christian literature.

STATISTICS OF MISSIONS IN DUTCH EAST INDIES IN 1922 Name of 8om.ety Entran('e Field Converts Nederlandsch Zendeling Genootschap 1797 .Tava East and Celebes 25,310 Nederlandsch Zendings Vereeniging 1858 Java West 3,386 Utrechteche Zendings Vereeniging 1859 New Gninea, etc. 18,157 1Gereform.eerde Zendings Vereeniging } 1858 Middle Java 3,718 Zending del' Geref. Kerken 1892 Middle Java Gereform.eerde Zendings Bond 1910 Celebes The Rhenish Mission 1828 Sumatra, Nias 337,213 Sangi Talaud Committee 1887 Sangi Islands 88,351 Doopszezinde Zending 1847 North Java 3,000 Het Java Comits 1854 Sumatra, East Java 3,677 De Salatiga Zending 1882 Central Java 1,927 The Lntheran Mission 1852 Batao Islands 1,000 The Salvation Army 1894 Bandoeng, Java, Oelebes Ned. Bijb<JI Genootscha.p 1814 Whole field British and For. Bible Society 1804 Whole field Meth. Episcopal Mission 1905 Bintenzorg and Soerabia, Java 1,281) Seventh Day Adventist 1908 Java and Borneo 400 Roman Catholic Mission 1808 Java, Sumatra & New Guinea 38,530 Native missions of the Dutch East Jndia churches, church members 425,958 Native missions in Minahassa, Ambon and Timor, (Est.) church members 500,000 Total native Protestant Christians in the Dutch East Indies 925,958

One Hundred

BY MRS. EMMA DRESSEL SMITH, TA-MING·FU, CHIIf.LI, NORTH CHINA Missionary of the Church of the Nazarene H SI HSIAO CHUANG is fifteen miles out from Ta-ming-fu. Evangelist Liang passed through there about a year ago and stopped to preach on the street. After that the people had meetings whenever possible, and a few months ago 111'. Liang moved there. About twenty people were converted and a boy's school was opened. A young man from the village volunteered his services as a teacher, and took charge of the school without remuneration.

We started out from Ta-ming-fu early one morning-ten women from the Bible School in a wagon drawn by a cow, a mule and a donkey. Mr. Smith rode on a motorcycle, and ]1.[1'. Trumbower and I in rickshas. When we arrived at the; village at about noon we found quite a crowd Was waiting. It seemed good after passing through olie heathen village after another to hear Christian people singing, "What can wash away my sins, nothing bnt the blood of J esns." Then we heard the Christian greeting of "Peace to you." After luncheon we went to the temple where the men had a meeting at the north entrance and the women at the east door. While the Bible women were speaking I heard a great commotion inside the temple and went inside to discover the cause. 'What a sight met my eyes! The idols were falling right and left. The teacher with his boys and the other Christians were busy pulling them down and carrying them out. The idols, made of mud and wood, had been painted many bright colors and varied in size from that of a doll to a full-grown man. The large ones required as many as five persons to carry them out. 11rs. Han, one of the Bihle women, said that forty years ago her father had taken her to a theater in this village and now she rejoiced to see all these idols destroyed and this temple turned over for Christian worship.

There were over one hundred idols in five buildings, one of which had only women gods; three goddesses, a dragon, and about twenty small gods were supposed to wait on them. In another building was the god that people worship when someone dies and which they believed takes care of the spirits of the deceased. The school boys laughed as they smashed the idols, beat the gongs, and broke up incense pots. The Chinese Christians said that it was remarkable to see the fearlessness of the boys, especially when we consider that they had been brought up in dread of these idols.

Our Bible women, when they l'etul'ned homc, werc so excited that they all talked at once and told how the true God had changed those people's hearts, and given them snch courage.

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Prayer for

REV. ROBERT FORMAN HOR.TON, D.D., LONDON, ENGLAl'.'1) I NTERCEsSION is the most difficult part of prayer but it brings the greatest blessing to those who practise it. It is the mightiest instrument that God has intrusted to us for the accomplishment of His will in the world. It is thp hardest, because intercession is prayer not for ourselves, but for others, and because the objects are not physical but spiritual. It is only as self is lost sight of that the secret of effective intercession is realized. In it we are comrades with Jesus Christ of whom we are told in the prophetic word, that He made intercession for the transgressors. In the 17th chapter of John we are permitted to overhear His intercession, and on the cross He interceded for those who slew Him and now "He ever liveth to make intercession for us."

The Holy Spirit helpeth our infirmities and maketh intercession for us, so that when we intercede for others we are in fellowship with God. Intercession therefore brings the greatest blessing to those who practise it. The word i.n the Greek and in the Hebrew means meeting, coming inio dose contact, with Goel.

Intercession is the greatest and most powerful instrument that G0d has put into our hands. The whole trend of modern discovery aHd of modern thought has been to make more credible for us the power of prayer. Today we bind the whole earth together, and speak across the continents and across the oceans. The earth is like a single room in which humanity is enclosed and united. We easily, and in a moment, touch the mind of a man on the other side of the globe. Today we understand better that the individual soul is not only the force than can change and adapt, but is also the force that can create. We recognize that if we will reckon with the forces of the universe and with man and his history, we must see personality and the will as thp constant agent in this world. The exercise of the will in commnnion with God and the assertion of truth in prayer must be one of the mighty forces in making the world and in influencing its history.

We can see the meaning of prayer and can understand that it is a God-ordained method of service by which all things are made possible for the Kingdom of God. But we are not confined to theoretical arguments. Fact upon fact, experience upon experience, prove the positive effects of intercession.

Let me give a personal experience. In a little manual of devotion, called" The Open Secret," ten years ago I used the fly leaves at the end of each day's prayer for the names of those for whom I wished to pray, or the objects that I wished to remember constantly 363

before God. Now I never read the printed matter, but those writ- ten words are the most marvellous record and the most conclusive demonstration that God does answer prayer. Name after name, petition after petition, I have checked off as "answered." Noone could shake the convietion that that daily prayer to God concerning the persons whom I desired to help or those matters that need God's interposition, has produced the answer. The cause and the effect are there. Begin, if you have not, to keep a prayer list and to intercede with those names and objects before you. In ten years no power on earth can shake your conviction that the real thing in life is communion with God, and the one way of accomplishing diffi- cult and seemingly impossible things is to leave them and leave your- self. in His hands.

When D. L. Moody was a pastor in Chicago he was unusually successful and much of his success was traced to two godly women in that congregation who used to bow their heads and pray whenever he was preaching. He asked them once what they were praying for, and when. they replied that they were praying for him, he was a little annoyed, because he thought he was doing very well. But he let them continue and even asked them into the vestry to pray for him.

When they were praying there one day, his whole heart seemed to break down; he found the secret of his weakness and saw that he needed the prayer more than anyone. From that time, said Mr.

Moody, began the manifestations of God's power that shook Chicago, New York, London and the world. .

One other illustration, which could be multiplied a thousandfold from the mission field. In 1836-37 the two missionaries, the Murrays, went to Tutuila, in the South Seas. They worked with some suc- cess and several little churches were established on the island. Then all at once, throughout the island in each place where there was a church an extraordinary spiritual movement began. The people came in asking for baptism, and rose up in the assemblies confessing their sins, crying to God for pardon. As a result many were gath- ered into the church. At first these two missionaries thought this movement was some unwholesome disturbance for they could not account for it. But they saw it was God, who was moving the people and they gathered in the fruit. Many months afterward the news came from Scotland, that in Jedburgh, the town from which these two missionaries had come, the Christians had met together and were praying for Tutuila and the missionaries there on that very day that the movement had begun. The prayer that ascended in J ed- burgh for the coming of the Kingdom of God was answered at Tu- tuila on the other side of the world.

Let us pray more continually, ll1or~ definitely, more earnestly and more believingly, not only for our O'Wll needs but for the needs of the work of God throughout the world. .

S.tudents in

BY w. REGINALD WHE"ELER, NEW YORK NOTE :-A CommissIon organized under the auspices or the Friendly Relations Committees of the Young Men's Christian AssGciation and the Young Women's Christian Association has been making a study and survey of the foreign students in this country which bas extended over two and a half years. The results of this survey are available now, and the following article is based largely upon its findings. The survey wiII appear in book form under' the title "The Foreign Student in America." The book is edited by W. Reginald Wbeeler, Henry H. King and Alexander B. Davidson, and is published by The Association Press.

T HERE are more than eight thousand students from foreign countries in the colleges and universities of the United States. Including foreign students in secondary schools, the total is well over fourteen thousand. These students are men and women of exceptional courage and intelligence or they would not be in this country. After remaining in America for several years they return to their home lands where they have u~usual opportunities for in- fluence and leadership. They are" a potential asset or liability to the Christian cause and the movement for international understand- ing and good-will." In the impressions of these foreign students of American life, in their criticisms of our colleges and univetsities, in their attitude toward the Christian Church,.and in the efforts being made for the more adequate service of these representatives of many lands, there is special interest today.

The first experiences of foreign students in America are sometimes fraught with hardship and injustice. "An Egyptian student from an influential family, traveling second class, detained twentythree days at the immigrant station pending investigation of his case, became ill and was much embittered toward American institutions." "Two Hindu students came to the offices of the Friendly Relations Committee and reported they had just paid a taxicab driver thirty dollars to bring them from the steamship there." But in fairness it should be said that the treatment given to students entering this country by the immigrant officials and by others in responsible positions is generally cordial and just.

There is much evidence as to the loneliness of foreign students after they have taken up residence in our country and of the incalculable results which have come from the thoughtfulness and hospitality of Americans who have invited students into their own homes. "Some students have been here five to six years without having received the hospitality of a family circle." When students are asked, what is the best single privilege they can enjoy in America, aside from the attendance at a college of their choice, the commonest reply is, the privilege of being in good homes.

An Indian student writes: "Oh, if I could only drop in occasionally at some friend's house and have a cup of tea, as we do in India, it would make all the difference in the world."

365

A Chinese student writes back to a missionary friend in North China: "The people here, as a whole, have a strong sentiment against Chinese, so it is rather hard for a young Chink to make acquaintances in refined society. .. I don't feel at home at all. .. The hearty welcome I get from Church people makes me feel the more that I am among strangers; they gTeet me so much more warmly than they greet each other, it makes me feel that I am different. I have written the following prayer for myself – ' Almighty God, our Heavenly Father, Thou hast made the earth and the peoples thereon, white, yellow, red or black, at Thy will and they are all good in Thy sight. I beseech Thee to comfort me when I feel like a stranger here; help me to endure persecutions and scorns; give me wisdom that I may understand that peoples of whatever complexion are all Thy children and Thou art their Father and Creator.' "

Although the majority of foreign students who have studied in America return with warm feelings of friendship and affection for this country, there are many, especially non-Christians, who see clearly some of our national failings. "The principal stumbling blocks in 'the pathway of Oriental non-Christian students are industrialism, imperialistic commercial expansion, war-like temperament, racial haughtiness, misunderstood missionary policy." "It is inconceivable that W estem civilization can at the same time develop great industrial corporations and write the twenty-third Psalm or the thirteenth chapter of First Corinthians."

The comments of foreign students throw a new light on the colleges and under-graduate life in this country. A European student contrasts the American and I<~nglish educational objectives and curricula: "The student not only gets something different, but he expects something different. In England you go to the university to develop Y01lffsel/, while in America you go to the university to distingu.ish yourself. There you have a whole world of difference. In America a boy is always endeavoring to attain some outward sign of achievement, to make the college paper, to make one of the clubs or fraternities, to make the football team. The center of gTavity is in the world of action far mort' than in the world of thought.

" You get the same tendency echoed in the academic sphere. I was struck by the excellence, the vigor and the competence with which affairs relating to the world of action are handled. I found that everyone could use a typewriter and drive an automobile. I found that drives for money were made on a vast scale and with a success undreamed of in England. 1 found that the applied sciences, such as medicine and engineering and agriculture, and the vocational studies, such as law, are at their best taught (and learned) far better than anywhere in England. But when it came to what one may call by contrast the world of thought, qnite the opposite was the case. Pure science and the purely cultural suhjects, such as classics and litera-

FORElG'" STUDENTS IN AMERICA

ture and art, are absolutely inferior in most cases and unusually neglected. The situation in regard to them is either tragic or comic. Accordingly, although one meets students who obviously show promise of becoming great engineers, great doctors, captains of industry and so forth, one rarely, if'ever, meets a student who seems destined to become a Darwin, a Beethoven, a Shelley."

Another foreign student comments thus in regard to the social system of many of our colleges: "This whole system of fraternities and sororities is one reason among others for the remarkable uniformity of the American students; east, west, south and north, you meet with practically the same type. They dress alike, they do the same things at the same times, they think and speak in the same terms and have practically all the same interests.

"The standard seems to be uniformity. Everyone who is different is crazy, perhaps a book-worm or the like, and only those students are chosen to membership 'who are believed to be able to become good fraternity brothers or sorority sisters, and that, of course, means that they will have to measure up to what is considered to be good form. Under a system like that you may be sure seldom to get a new member of a distinct personality."

The direct judgments and opinions of the individual students concerning the Christian Church and Christian people in America, as expressed in the returned questionnaires, are of interest and importance. It is fair to say that the majority of the comments are favorable to the Church although there is a distinct minority of critical opinion. Thus of the two hundred and seven Chinese questionnaires, one hundred and eleven are favorable in their comments on the Church, sixty-seven are critical, twenty-nine contain no comment. Favorable opinions from the Chinese, .Japanese and Filipinos follow.

From the Chinese: "Christian workers are the nicest people to meet; very kind to strangers." "The church is the foundation of your social order." "The Christian church is doing a great deal for the betterment of society and of international friendship." " The United States without Christianity would be entirely different in social structure; Christianity is its moral foundation." "The Christian Church is high-spirited and full of hope."

From the Japanese: "Christians are the pillars of society. The center of gravity of this nation is the church and Christians." "It is one of the most beautiful customs in the life of the nation."

From the Filipinos: "Christianity is the foundation of American civilization."

On the other side of the question there is apparent support for the statement of one of the student secretaries: "The fact cannot be ignored that there is among foreign students in the United States a rising tide of criticism of the whole Christian movement. This attitude is almost as pronounced among' Christians as among non-Chris-

tian students. Much of it is due to inadequate knowledge of the policies and achievements of the Church at home and in China; but when allowance is ma,de for this, there remains a serious situation." Critical comment from the Chinese includes the following: "ManY' Christians are sincere but are narrow and superficial." "The church is a business organization, most efficient, but its religious powers are surely degenerating." "Social life is carried too far; young people go for a good time but not to worship God." "The message of missionaries is not practiced in America." ,'The only really religious people are the old people; the middle aged go to manage church affairs and the young people for the social life." "Their orthodox teaching and unscientific spirit astonish me." "It is deplorable that the churches are involved in petty arguments against one another rather than devoted to energetic work." "I nearly accepted Christianity as I understood it when I was in China, but changed my mind in the United States."

Much is being done for these foreign students by various organizations, inclnding the Friendly Relations Committees of the Young Men's Christian Association and Young Women's Christian Association, Student Christian Associations, the varied work of the Church and of the Mission Boards of the Church, by cosmopolitan clubs, and by the International Institute of Education. The recently opened International House in New York City, a property in which more than two million donal'S, have been invested by a prominent layman, is a striking example of such service, and the inscription over its portals is typical of the aim of all these organizations-" That Brotherhood May PrevaiL"

On the other hand, there is much still to be done for these students from foreign shores. Speaking of how wider and richer service can be rendered to them and of where the responsibility for this service particularly rests, Professor Latourette of Yale University writes: "Upon the foreign student must be brought to bear the influence of the classroom, the home, the church and the campus." Dr. George M. Stratton, writing for President Barrows of California University, says: "The entire university and the community outside the university is responsible. But in a special way this responsibility must rest upon religious organizations of the university and of the university town." Dr. D. Willard Lyon, Secretary of the Foreign Division of the National Council of the Young Men's Christian Association, writes: "The primary responsibility for helping the foreign students in our North American colleges rightly to under- ~tand and appreciate the basis of the Christian religion, and loyally to promote the application of Christian principles to international relationships rest, in my judgment, primarily with the Christian forces resident in the educational institutions in which these foreign young men are studying." Dr. Stephen J. Cory, Vice-President of

DIFF.LCULT CONDITIONS IN BRAZIL

the United Christian Missionary Society of St. Louis, expresses the opinion of a great majority of those in touch with the situation willen he writes: "I would put first Christian homes. I can think of no greater impact on the lives of these people from non-Christian homes. Christian people should consider this an opportunity for worldserv- – ice and take these lonely young people in and accord them the cour- tesy and influence of a Christian home." Dr. Robert E. Speer sums up clearly the whole situation: "The responsibility for helping these men rests on two bodies, the College and the Church. The in- fluence of the College for good is only a fraction of what it ought to be, and in too many cases it abdicates its function of making full men out of these students. The Church did its duty pretty well by some of the first students who came over, but later, for a number of years, it neglected its task. Now it is being quickened to it again. It ought, by means of Christian homes and local Christian ministers, the agencies of the Young Men's Christian Association and the Young Women's Christian Association and various national instrumentali- ties, to layout an adequate and efficacious plan to cope with this situation, presenting at once so clear a duty and so rich an oppor- tunity."

Difficult Conditions in Brazil · BY FRANK L. BAKBR, V ARGINHA, MINAS, BRAZIL A SERIOUS condition of spirituai apathy and indifference con- fronts the evangelical worker generally in Latin America. There seems to be an appalling lack of initiative in investigating the credentials of Christ's ambassadors. There is at times a passive acceptance of the missionary's message as winsome and pleasing without the corresponding personal responsibility and application. The reason is that for centuries, the people have been indoctrinated in a school of infallible pronouncement. The" Church" has spoken in matters of doctrine, and woe to him who would dare to'differ or question. The "Holy Mother Church" arrogates the absolute and questionable right to determine what Rer subjects shall believe and the final issue is, Believe or be anathema.

Under such a regime, individual responsibility before God and one's fellows is dealt a death blow. And once this predicate of free agents is destroyed, the doors are thrown wide open for irregular conduct. A certain individual, whose private and public life was notoriously unbalanced from a moral point of view, was remonstrated with by a minister of the Gospel who tried to awaken his conscience to the tremendous importance of the revealed truth that "It is a fearful thing to fall into the hands of the living God." (Reb. 10: • From The Presbyterian Survey. S

31.) '1.'he man made reply: "About this I am entirely unconcerned.

I pay the priest to save my soul for me. That is his business and not mine."

Another thing that deters evangelical advance is the open, tena- cious hostility of the Roman Catholic hierarchy. This opposition is not a casual, sporadic outburst here and there; it is a well-organized plan embracing all, from the Cardinal to the humblest vicar. A note constantly struck in the Roman Catholic press and pulpit is that American missionaries are spies, advance agents of the United States Government, to get a foot-hold in the country so that the final con- quest of Brazil by the Yankees may be assured. Missionary motives are said to be black garments under which sinister aims are concealed.

The evangelical worker in Roman Catholic lands often meets a public mind thoroughly poisoned against the Gospel. When the mercenary motive is not mentioned, he is greeted with a large degree of suspicion as an enemy of God and the Church. Many still believe that there is some mysterious but real alliance between him and Satan. Even when this illusion is dispelled, there is the horror of the Church's power of excommunication which is believed to affect a person's status not only in this life but throughout all eternity.

Bibles and tracts must be jealousy guarded, or they will be seized and burned. Attendance upon the church services is a source of constant harassing and threatening and an open break with Rome brings an immediate outburst of malediction and persecution.

Friendships are severed, social ties are broken and often complete ostracism follows. .

Another influence that directly affects evangelical advance is the high percentage of illiteracy. It is also a problem that is challenging more and more the close attention of the governments, state and federal. All who really love Brazil are concerned. Naturally the vast expanse of territory, the inadequate transportation facilities and extensive isolated reaches accentuate the problem. The difficulty of personal investigation of the claims of the truth limits the number of those who can be reached. Thus among many, the printed page as a mighty aid to evangelical propaganda must be put aside, giving way to the spoken word. On the other hand the great influence of the evangelical school is readily seen. The attendance of students in these institutions is very large and constantly increases. Even with a difficult economic situation confronting the people, the matric- ulation in mission schools is larger than ever before and more are not accommodated for lack of added space.

Man's extremity is God's opportunity. Like Elisha of old, we too can look up and see through the eyes of faith that they who are for us are more than they who are against us. It is not by might nor by power but by the Spirit of God that the victory shall be won for Christ our Saviour.

and Anti-Religion in

O"&9ERVATIONS BY RECENT VISITORS'

MEN have always been divided according to their varied con- ceptions of God and of man's relation to Him. There are those who say that God, if such a Beiug exists, is unknowable; others seek to discover Him, but disagree as to His character and powers. Still others accept as final the revelation through Jesus Christ and a comparatively small minority wilfully discard all belief in God and Tefuse to accept evidence offeTed to pTove His existence.

The great land of Russia, with its millions of men, women and children, is just now in the throes of the struggle between faith in God and atheism. The antagonistic attitude of the Communistic Party, including most of the Soviet leaders, is traceable to the teachings of Karllfarx, the German Jew who was the founder of Communism. The susceptibility of the Russians to this teaching may be due, in patt, to misrepresentations of God and His Way of Life, for which some of the religious-political leaders of old Russia were responsible.

Frederick A. Mackenzie, the well-informed, fair-minded British correspondent has recently come to America from Russia, where he has spent the past three years. Mr. :Mackenzie, an unusually keen observer who has the facts, declares that conditions have not improved since he entered that country in November, 1921, but in some respects have grown worse. Extreme radicals still control the government with despotic power and make every effort to suppress capital, to destroy private business and to obliterate religion. The intellectual classes are subjected to great oppression and numbers of business people and political prisoners have been exiled to Siberia and the Arctic region. Many of these are merely political offenders, including numerous students and several bishops of the Greek Church. The Soviets have discharged many government workers who used to belong to the upper classes, and these are facing starvation. They cannot leave the country because few permits are granted. Among the victims of Soviet oppression are many Russians who have assisted the American Belief Commission in its work of charity.

The campaign against religion and the atheistic instruction given in the public schools has led to much immorality. Marriage is considered as only a civil contract held lig'htly by the Communists, and large numbers of men with middle-aged wives are discarding their spouses and are marrying young girls. The divorced wives face much suffering.

Richard Washburn Child is another witness who writes in an * The REVIEW does not vouch tor the accuracy of the interpretatlons put upon the facts 371 . quoted in this article.-The EDITOR.

article in the Saturday Evening Post.' "The Bolshevist program is known. The fact that debts have been repudiated is known, the nationalization of property is known. Noone denies the government's ruthless policy of executing great numbers. No one asserts that revolution in Russia has been a loving and tender business; no one denies that it has been bloody. No one denies that there has been a regime of compulsory labor. Noone denies a great degree of industrial stagnation. Noone denies that there has been a struggle to drive out religion. No one asserts that the institution of the family and old standards of morals have been lifted higher by the new regime. No serious mind believes that there is much democracy left in Russia-in the sense that the majority may control their destinies. Those who would assert that Bolshevism has given more liberty or happiness than Czarism would have a hard time finding evidence to support them."

The ruling class in Russia has changed but the Soviets are as despoti.c and cruel as the Czar. Deportations, espionage, killings continue. There is no true freedom in Russia. In view of all that is known of Communist rule in Russia it is surprising that even one apologist can be found among people able to think. The Russian communists have filled the world with fear; they seek to blot out the name of Jesus, and in the train of Bolshevism follow famine, pestilence, bondage and wailing. The experiment has demonstrated the futility of the communistic philosophy. The effort to destroy Christian belief throughout Russia is not effective. This is due to the deep roots of religion in the human heart, and not to any sympathy with religion on the part of the Government. It has made the Bible itself a contraband book. The latest report of the British and Foreign Bible Society states: "From Petrograd to Vladivostok the Soviet Republics remain closed to our Society. Before the war about 500,000 copies of the Scriptures were sold annually in this vast area, but during 1923 only 1,800 copies of Russian Scriptures were sold. In the name of liberty and free thought the authorities have issued orders to confiscate all Bibles. On the other hand, we hear pathetic tales of the longings of Russians to obtain copies. The chiefs of the Red Army point to the Bibles and say, 'All that is printed therein are fables and deceit.' "

A writer in the British Weekly says: "The Bolshevist regime seems more like the reign of Antichrist than anything that Europe has seen for many centuries. Zinovieff, head of the Third (Communist) International, and one of three most powerful rulers of Russia today, said recently in admitting some young recruits into the party: 'The Communist Party cannot tolerate interference by God in critical moments; for candidates who hesitate to renounce God we have no room.' In Pravda (Xruth), the official newspaper

RELIGION AND AN'TI-RELIGION IN RUSSIA

of the ruling Communist party, King George, Ramsay Macdonald, and Jesus Christ were recently ridiculed in caricature together.

"Bolshevist persecution of the Church in Russia has been re- sponsible for the death of over eight thousand priests, monks and nuns. The sanctity of the home is gone. Immorality is awful- most awful among the children. Take this as an example of the horrible degradation of the Russian official mind, that in Moscow in one year there were 10,000 cases of abortion procured under offi- cial sanction. It is today a criminal offence in Russia to hold a Sunday-school class. The penalty of one year's imprisonment with hard labor is provided in Russia for any hapless teacher who may tell a child that Christ is its Saviour."

Gregory S. Zinovieff, Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Third International, admits that the Communists had gone too fast in their propaganda against existing religious rituals and in their efforts to establish atheism. In a recent pronouncement he is reported to have said: "We shall pursue our attacks on Almighty God in due time and in an appropriate manner. We are confident we shall subdue Him in His empyrean. We shall fight Him wherever He hides Himself, but we must go about such a question as antireligious propaganda more carefully in the future. Our campaign against God and religion must be carried out only in a pedagogic way, not by violence or force."

This attitude of the Soviet leaders does not have much effect on the peasants. An Associated Press correspondent writes: "In spite of the Communist campaign against religion, the greater part of the population in the larger cities went eagerly to church to celebrate the birth of the founder of the Christian faith." That the Soviet regime intends "to crush not only Orthodox Russian Christianity out of existence, but Methodism, Roman Catholicism and all other varieties of Christianity," is testified by Capt. Francis Mc- Cullagh, the British correspondent who cites from the Bolshevist Penal Code, that "the teaching of religious doctrine to persons under age in public and in private schools is to be punished by hard labor for a maximum term of one, year…… In order absolutely to cut short collective teaching and individual relations with isolated persons under eighteen years of age on the part of ministers of all existing religions on subjects of faith, of religious traditions and of cult, no matter in what place this is carried on, persecution will follow with all the rigor of the revolutionary law."

A more friendly word for the Soviets is spoken by Mr. Edwin Vail in The American F1'iend. In giving his view of "Bussia's Mistakes and Successes" he says: "Russia did what all people eventually do who are crushed by a burden of miserv. The free advertisement she has received in the press is the kind that is usually given to murderers and bandits, and is not calculated to increase our

respect for the country and its rulers. Of late a number of books have attempted to give a light on post-revolutionary Russia but some, in attempting to gain friends for Russia, give only a rosy side of the story. We must not look at Russia through the colored glasses of our own social inheritance. We must take the detached and his- torical view which the student of social evolution would take. Diverse views are given by different observers because they observe what they wish to see. There is so much good and so much bad that it is not hard to collect facts to prove any case, provided the facts that do not prove it are carefully omitted. . .

"The average traveler is agreeably surprised at the conditions he finds in Russia at the present time. He may travel to Moscow in an express train with a diner and comfortable sleeping accommo- dations ….. In the shops and stores he can buy most of the neces- sities and luxuries of the western world. At night he can go to an opera, a Shakespeare play, a revolutionary drama, or a movie.

This is the surface but it represents the truth that Russia is on the road to. recovery. Poor crops in the Volga Valley in 1923 have post- poned the prospects of quick recovery there, and in many places there are starvation conditions where misery is almost universal.

But in the Kuban district and the Ukraine there was a fair harvest and in September British and Italian steamers at Novorosissk and Feodosia were loading up with wheat for Hamburg. This means machinery going back into Russia so that industry may make further advances.

"The Russian Soviet Government has done many stupid things and has made many mistakes as have some other governments. When the Soviets came into power they immediately introduced Commu- nism which connotes, epigrammatically, that everybody will work for everybody. The city factory workers were to produce the manufac- tured articles; the peasants were to raise the foodstuffs; there was to be an exchange without the intermediary of a profit-eating class.

But the factory workers could not produce enough to keep up their side of the exchange. The grain was requisitioned from the peasants, who in turn decreased their acreage. The system broke down com- pletely, and in the terrible spring of 1922 the New Economic Policy was launched, a definite abandonment of pure Communism, allowing a certain amount of private trade, and introducing a state of affairs best described by State Capitalism. Recently a more liberal policy toward private trade has been announced by the Government.

"Bloodshed and destruction were the accompaniments of the revolution. Disorder afforded excellent opportunities for revenge, and the savagery was manifested which comes to light in all races during periods of revolution and war. The leaders of the revolution held that the end justified any means, and they were ruthless in up- holding the revolution. At present the government is continually

1925'] RELIGION Al'1) ANiTI-RELIGION IN RUSSIA

seeing counter-revolutionary bogies where they are not, and innocent people are put in prison and exiled to Archangel or some other distant place. The Soviet Government is controlled by terror and their courts fail to mete out justice.

"A third mistake of the Communists has been an unjust treatment of the Church. Communists are anti-religious and wish to see the Church go. The Greek Orthodox Church worked hand in hand with the old government for controlling the people and the priests of the Church were for the most part favorable to the old regime. 'rhe Soviet Government therefore feared the Church as a stronghold of reaction, and has done everything to weaken it. I attended an interesting debate in a town of 10,000 people where the Communist lecturer invited the local priest to uphold his side of a debate on religion. The fact that the priest was invited to give his views is some indication of tolerance. The debate was not characterized by much wisdom, for the Communist in his attack made no distinction between the Church, religion, and the Bible. The priest countered with a poor argument in the realm of philosophy which his flock accepted although they did not understand.

"Other mistakes of the Soviet Government, most obvious to a foreigner, are the result of a fanaticism which precludes measured judgment, and makes abuses easy. This fanaticism is seen in education where it often takes the form of acquiring a knowledge of Communist theories and ritual. University professors cannot risk expressing themselves, but their meJancholy smile and non· committal answers express clearly what they would say. The same fanaticism disfranchises private employers of labor, priests, and anybody the militia choose to put on the blacklist. Those on the blacklist are twice the number of those who vote for the Communist nominees. Although the election machinery is one of simple and direct representation from the smallest unit of the village up to the All Russian Soviet Congress, elections are largely controlled by the Communist Party. As in other countries with a republican form of g'overnment, only the interested vote, and the others do not.

"The quality of village government largely depends upon the quality of the men in office. A tyrant in office will tyrannize unde;r: any form of government. A good man will be a blessing to the community under any form of government. There are many tyrants in village governments, but they are gradually being replaced by better men. "Fanaticism is also seen in a strictly controlled press. The Communist Government is as much afraid of counter-revolutionary ideas as the Czarist Government was of revolutionary ideas. Truth that hurts is not tolerated. Continued persecution of the former bourgeois, although abated, is still a fact, but a government which

now feels so secure, should be generous enough to take in former outcasts who are willing to act as citizens of Soviet Russia.

"Another mistake of the Soviet Government is that of propaganda of Communist theories and Communist action in foreign countries. The process of the gradual enslavement of the Russian peasant, through the granting by the Czars of large tracts of land to favorites, has led the Communists to look upon capitalism as synonymous with a system of slavery and oppression. The spectre of starvation and misery caused the Russian revolution, for the people believed that they had everything to gain and nothing to lose by overthrowing the Czar's government. The Communists, although in the minority, were strongly centralized, and so when they stepped in at the opportune moment, they gained complete. control. If the American people should ever come to similar depths of misery, they too would rise up and create a new order with or without propaganda. Though there may be no danger in such propaganda in America, it is a great mistake for the Soviet leaders to attempt it in countries 'of whose institutions and ideals they have only a cynical knowledge. ' , In pointing out some things to the credit of the Soviet Government, Mr. Vail continues: "The first point to the credit of the government is that it has brought some order out of chaos" and has replaced a hopelessly corrupt monarchy. Second, the natural resources of the country such as oil, coal, iron, minerals, forests, etc., are now preserved as the common heritage of the people. But the people of Russia cannot sit back and rest assured that all will go well because the resources are in the hands of the government. Politics in business is always dangerous.

"Third, the land is in the name of the Government but the peasants have the use of it. In the worst famine districts the peasant is no richer because of the land because he has no horse to plow it with, but in years to come he will benefit. The system of land division is at present atrociously stupid, as it doles out little narrow strips sometimes as far as ·five miles from the peasant's hut, and the system of reallotting it at short periods gives no incentive for land improvement. The peasant cannot take pride in ownership.

"Fourth, the Soviet Government has the ideal of better conditions for labor and the raising of the dignity of labor. The ideal has not resulted in material betterment over pre-war days, but that is due to the poverty of the country as a whole. With the accumulation of capital, labor will be better rewarded, and labor's right to the fruits of its labor will be guarded.

"Fifth, the- Soviet Government has the ideal of universal education. Too often education is only propaganda, but that will become less and less true as time goes on. In a land where such a large ~e Soviets were, however, responsible for creating the chaos.-EDITOR.

1925J RELIGION AND ANTI-REIJIGION IN RUSSIA

percent of the peasantry are illiterate, education comes as a great light, and the people themselves are eager to learn. During the second year of the famine in certain districts the men and women were required to attend school in order to earn their food.

"Most of them passed the final examinations at the end of the month by writing the alphabet, numerals, and signing their own names. When the people are so poor that they can not even provide pencils or paper for the schools, educational progress is of necessity low and disheartening, but the will to learn among the Russian people will finally surmount all obstacles. There is also a great deal of practical educational work done outside the school. From every public place large colored posters stare at you, some with pictures and diagrams for speeding up transportation, some with warnings and methods to prevent diseases such as typhus, cholera, malaria, typhoid, etc. But perhaps the biggest single piece of educational effort was the All-Russian Exposition held in Moscow in 1923. Every section of the country from Turkestan to the Far Eastern Republic had their especially constructed _buildings where the products of the country were displayed, the possibilities of future development outlined and diagrammed to the minutest detail. Agricultural economy was naturally given a prominent place. Systems of irrigation were worked out in miniature. The value of machinery was demonstrated and the necessity for its adoption emphasized. Education, which has been the golden key to a progressive future for other countries, will loose the chains of ignorance which bind Russia of the present.

"Sixth, the Soviet Government maintained the ban on vodka put on at the beginning of the war by the Czar's Government.t Under the old regime the peasants had every encouragement to keep themselves drunk and spend all their earnings on vodka, which was manufactured by the government and netted them a large profit. The Soviet Government has set the welfare of the people above the neces· sity of acquiring revenue and maintains the prohibition of vodka.

"The items on both sides of Russia's ledger must be left for God to balance. The Revolution in Russia has become history, and as Albert Williams ends his book, 'Only fools arglle with history.' An air of optimism pervades Moscow. The morale of the Oommunists, engendered by past suffering and a faith in a betterment of conditions for the Russian people is unbeatable. They are united, and so Russia is united. Everybody obeys Moscow from Vladivostok to the Caucasus. Russia of the future will be prosperous, and a prosperous Russia means a large demand for manufactured goods. It is true that Russia lacks enough men of wisdom, men of tolerance and understanding, honest men, and unselfish men. The people of t This year the manufacture and sale of vodka have been resumed with permission for a 300/0 alcoholic content.-EDITOR.

Russia have not forgotten that ten million of her people were kept alive during the famine by American food. The basis of friendship and peace between Russia and America has been magnificently laid. "

Another view of Russia is that of Dr. Harry F. Ward, the American professor with Socialistic sympathies, who has recentlv been in Russia, and who declares that the Soviets will not be able to destroy or uproot religion. He says in a recent article: "The Oonstitution of the Union of Socialist Soviet Republics proclaims freedom of religion. But the communist party which ad- ministers that constitution has declared war to the death against all religion. Strictly speaking, what the Russia constitution guarantees is freedom of worship. It forbids religious instruction of the young except in the home and then not before sixteen years of age. The theory is that youth is entitled to choose its religion, irreligion or anti-religion without bias from its elders. There are, however, some slight signs that the prohibition of organized religious instruction is not henceforth to be rigidly enforced.

"A'S a general policy the central government does not directly interfere with religion except to see that it is not taught in the schools or universities, and to prevent propaganda for conscientious objection to war by pacifist religious sects.t The other official evi- dence of its attitude is the famous sign at the entrance to the his- toric Red Square-'Rieligion is the Opiate of the People.' The government then stands in this position. Most of the men who com- pose it have a conviction that religion is a menace to social progress, while at the same time they believe that individuals should have freedom to choose and practise their religion or anti-religion except when it menaces the existence of the state. The government is prac- tically the communist party and this is definitely anti-religious. It will admit no person to membership who believes in God. The state- ment is current in interested circles that teachers are instructed when a child asks if there is a God to answer in the negative. It is also alleged that in such cases communist teachers are urged to give private advice outside of school hours, and it is certain that some non-communist teachers believe that if they should answer a child's question about the existence of God in the affirmative they would be dismissed. .

"There is in Russia a very vigorous anti-religion propaganda.

This is conducted by voluntary organizations and also by the League of Oommunist Youth as one of its activities. The voluntary organi- zations are subsidized by the Oommunist party and the activities of the League of Oommunist Youth are supervised by men prominent in the government. The anti-religion movement has three aspects.

There are two organized groups, each conducting a paper under the same name, Besbosnik-that is, 'The Godless One,' or 'The Man t Anti·religious instruction is, however, widely prevalent in public schools.-EDITO'R.

RELIGION AND AN1TI-RELIGION IN RUSSIA

Without God.' The one group is subsidized by the Moscow executive committee of the Communist party and the other group is subsidized by the central (national) executive committee of the Communist party. There is also a private publishing house issuing 'atheistic' pamphlets designed for the intelligentsia and for communist organizers. The first group seeks to destroy religion by ridicule. The other group of the anti-religious movement holds that the campaign of ridicule is folly and seek to destroy faith by making science a substitute for religion. They say: 'In fifty years we will make all the peasants in Russia atheists.' Some twenty ex-priests are engaged in this anti-religion propaganda, one aspect of which is conducting an 'atheistic' theatre in Moscow.

"The anti-religious propaganda being carried on through the League of Communist Youth consists mainly of wall placards presenting science in contrast to religion. The government has had to stop anti-religious demonstrations by them on the sacred days of the Greek Church.

"This anti-religion movement in Russia is due, in part, to the nature of the Greek Church-its ignorance, its apathy to the sufferings of the workers and peasants, its position as one of the repressive instruments of the Czar's regime.§ The second cause is the alleged conflict between science and religion. The leaders believe that it is part of their duty to destroy religion and thus make possible the progress of the race. The result of this anti-religious movement will first of all destroy the superstition of the Greek Church. But the soul of Russia will never be satisfied with cold science. Released from superstitions the soul of Russia will awake to true religion. The Greek Church gives no evidence of capacity to endure the attack. The movement in theological education, financed from the United States, has the possibility of supplying in time leaders for a much more vital expression of the religious nature of Russia. The most vitality appears among the sectarian movements such as the Baptists, Adventists, Doukhobors and others. In this section of the religious life of Russia there is a stirring. Negotiations are also going on with the more liberal members of the Communist party for religious freedom for this group that is opposed to war and to capitalism.

"God is patient and long suffering with Russia. The people have suffered much and many leaders, in their blind groping after the light and some new way into the 'Promised Land' of Utopia, have misled their followers into a pit. It is for Christians to point them to Jesus Christ the Living Way."

We give in conclusion the view of the situation by an evangelical Christian worker who was living in the center of Russia nearly the § The Russian Church was at the same time the victim of th~ Czar's Government and welcomed the opportunity given by the Reyolution to throw off the yoke.-EDlTOR.

whole of last year and was therefore able to observe conditions on all sides. He writes: "Our brethren in Russia are suffering from much persecution and other difficulties. The Czar's government counted them as revolutionaries, but the Soviet Government is looking upon them as counter-revolutionaries. Sunday-schools are prohibited; many prayer-houses have been confiscated; the Orphanage and Old PeopIe's Home in Balashoff, which the Baptists had bought with their own money, was confiscated and given over to the Communistic Young People's Club, and is now a place where atheism is being spread. The same fate befell the Baptists' Invalid Home in the village of Maslovka. Many preachers are in prison and all religious literature has also been confiscated by the orders of the Secret Police.

In spite of opposition and handicaps, the work of evangelism in Russia is going on. The word of God is not bound and the Spirit of God is at work. Thousands of souls that have been in the bonds of fables and sin are being released and raisel up like Lazarus from the grave. Released from atheism, they are praising the Lord; the deaf are hearing, and the dumb are speaking and praising the Lord with new tongues. The Russian Evangelical Churches are missionary churches. The members believe in the Bible and carry their Testaments with them. Many farmers in the field, woodcutters in the woods, and peasants going to town to buy and sell, take their Bibles with them. When there is an opportunity many faithfully witness for Christ. Patience, prayer and the example of a Christlike spirit, and sacrificial service are the methods that will achieve most for the Kingdom of God in Russia."

Ahmed of Baghdad The Story of a Student at the Am·erican University at Cairo .n.AHMED of Baghdad is the son of a wealthy lumber merchant in Baghdad. The course of his life ran smoothly until his father, according to the Mohammedan custom, married another wife. The treatment which his mother received, growing out of this new marriage, made Ahmed question the whole Mohammedan custom which would permit such a thing to exist. Yet no matter how much he hated the system, he saw no way out, until one day he wandered into a book shop and found aNew Testament. The book interested him and he read it. When his father discovered the Book, the boy was punished and forbidden to read it again. The relationship between father and son became more strained until finally, on the death of his mother, Ahmed left home and found his way to Cairo. There he applied for admission to the American University but as he was

1925J AHMED OF BAGHDAD

not prepared to take up the regular college work, one of the American teachers tutored him at nights. Ahmed's interest in Christianity was discovered, and every influence was thrown around him to help him discover the truth. His interest grew as he studied the New Testament, and after a time he asked to join the Church.

In answer to a communication written to his father, a letter came revealing the bitter and almost murderous attitude of the Mohammedans toward one of their faith who embraces, Christianity: "Baghdad, 15th Ramadan, 1342.

"To Ahmed Et Tai "Ahmed, you have gone out ff'om the eye of Allah and from my eye and the eyes of all people. Never think of returning to Baghdad. Your four brothers declare that if Ahmed ever returned to Baghdad, they will certainly kill him. As for m~ never write to me, and never send me any word in any way whatever. You have disgraced me and debased me before Allah and everyone. What shall I do now Y By Allah, if my health only permitted I would go to Cairo and kill you. Ahmed, if I do not kill yon, say that your father is a liar. Now yon have no property left with me, neither of YOllr mother's property nor of my property; I have legally writ- ten it all into the name of our brothers, my sons who are Moslems. I have recorded my will in the courts and with the government. And after seven days I shall be starting to Persia to the tomb of Ali l.'foosa in the city of Meshid. If any letters come from you or the school I shall not consider them at all, nor will your brothers.

"Can a Moslem become a Christian 1 This is what saddens me and sad- dens anyone who has a mind or any sense at all. Allah it is who corrects people. He is the great. Allah grant peace and blessing to our master and prophet Mohammed the son of Abdullah and to the rightly guided Imams.

I am guiltless of you, Ahmed, to the day of judgment. ., SALMAN. "

The Mohammedan students of the university would have nothing to do with Ahmed after his conversion. The native Christians, who are almost entirely Coptic, are suspicious of every Mohammedan who turns Christian, so even from them his reception is none too gracious.

One evening, two men approached him and asked if he was Ahmed of Baghdad. ~Wrhen he replied that he was, they tried to throw him into the river. Unsuccessful in this, one of them drew a knife and stabbed him in the back, cutting a long gash in his coat but luckily only scratching the skin. His life is in constant danger because some zealous Mohammedan may kill him or his own father may hire someone to put poison in his food. If they kill him no court in Egypt would punish the murderer, for according to the Mohammedan law it is no crime to kill a Christian, especially a "rene- gade Moslem." But Ahmed has continued to grow. Last summer it was decided that he was sufficiently trained to be baptized. He has stood firm in the face of all persecutIOns and has of course renounced all claim to the wealth that would have come to him from his father. Now he has his face set toward the Christian ministry.

M. Pratt. the chJldren's wandering evangelist of England, whose caravan has a never-

failing fascination for young folks, makes the most of the summer months. This photo of him and his gipsy home was taken at Crail, where he spent a time before crossing the Tay.

The "Little Church on Wheels," conducted by Mr. and Mrs. Wm. H. )forgan under the auspices of the First Baptist Church o.f Boston. (Photograph by courtesy of the "Watchman Examiner.") ITINERATING EVANGELISTS IN AMERICA AND ENGLAND

MBTHODS

i EDITED BY MRs. E. C. CRONK, 721 MUHLENBERG BLDG., PHlLADELPHIA, PA.

IT COULDN'T BE DONE- by discovered his mistake: he had BUT IT WAS tried to sell new goods in the open The chnrch was located in a little market without adequately advertis- industrial town of only twenty-five ing their merits. No wonder that he hundred population. There were only could not effect a delivery. He had one hundred and twenty-seven mem- been in that pastorate but a few bers in the church. The town was a months, so natnrally he could not factory town with most of the men on rightfully expect his personal recom- shift work which meant that many of mendation to carry much weight.

ihem were always at work, day or Then for a period of a year a pro- /It·ght. Even the Women's .Missionary gram of advertising or educational Society said" It can't be done," when work to popularize missions was sys- a School of .Missions was proposed. tematically carried on. The little Yall are not likely to meet more ob- church paper spoke a good word for jections and ditJiculties than Rev. W. missions frequently. As time went on O. Benthin met. What he and his peo- even the town paper printed an occa- ple did in St. John's PI'esbyterian sional article on work of this kind.

Church of Camas, Washington, should There were many opportunities pri- inspire scores of other pastors and vately to inoculate the church person- ch1lrches. nel with the desire to combine a social Of course the preacher put his foot evening with the Christian study of in it. He was so enthusiastic over the world problems. Mimeographed dodg- possibilities of a church school of mis- ers put out by the church for publicity sions that he assumed all other mis- in other matters contained a sentence sionary – minded Christians would or two on the increasing interest share his zeal. He had studied the among the people on the subject of a success of other churches in popular popular church school of missions.

mission study. He was satisfied that With the advance of the second winter the usual mid-week service combined season the pastor again presented the with what was called a "pot-luck subject to the woman's missionary.

lunch" was a practical move. Assum- society. This time the idea was met ing that his vision would appeal to with tolerance. The attitude was the woman's missionary society, he open-minded but there was hardly appeared before its members, outlined even faith, not to say anything of his plan, and asked for cooperation. enthusiasm. However, plans were To his amazement among the best of immediately entered into to launch the women there was a lack of faith the school. The publicity man did in the proposed venture. It" was his part.

too much work"; "the people would At the very first session there were not come"; and in general it simply eighty-three people present, over three "would not work." The dominie times the number that the regular went home with a let-down feeling. earnest workers of the woman's so- When in his study he sat down and ciety usually had present. The church thought the matter through he there- dining room was filled with jovial, 383

spirited people. After a hearty meal the old-time church supper which they assembled in three separate spells days of solicitation and hourt; groups for study. The juniors were of arduous labor. 'fhe pot-luck lunch taken to their own little room where is simply this-each family is asked experienced workers with children to bring only one or two dishes of took them in hand. Besides mission- food, together with a knife, fork, and ary stories they had hand-work and spoon, and a cup for each member of they built missionary houses. Those its party. 'rhe church furnished the of high school age were by them- coffee and its trimmings. When all ~elves; their attendance ranged from are there the food is distributed. To sixteen to twenty-six per night. They be sure some nights the eaters will go were likewise presided over by two short on meat, but what does this experienced high school workers. matter when there are three pieces of 'rhey were given subjects for special cake plus two of pie per capita? An- other night folks will be light on desreports, and a week in advance were sert but well supplied with beans. No furnished with data on the subject. matter of which course there is the It was gTatifying to see how these greatest quantity there will always young folks entered into the subject be as much food present as there are people to eat it. The uncertainty of with zeal and understanding. exactly what the bill of fare will be The adult division carried out the adds to the general interest. If peo- ple are particular they can arrange to forum method of study. Besides de- have certain staple foods there bY' pending on the textbook for lesson common consent or mutual arrangeoutlines, different persons were as- ment. We furnished paper plates, signed phases of a subject for a given paper napkins, and paper table cloths night. The group was presided over taken from table-width wrapping either by the pastor or a high school paper. In this way dish washing and instructor. The leader always acted laundry work were reduced to a minimore the part of a chairman than a mum. teacher. Of course there was enough disagreement to awaken interest. To add zest the young life was Some were sure that the American given free rein. It was the custom people were infinitely superior to always to seat the little boys at the folks of other lands; others took issue table in the center of the room atwith this view. There was hardly: tended by the pastor and one or two (weI' any unanimity of opini(}ll as to other adults. It did not take much the best method to pursue to dis- coaching to have these youngsters decharge our Christian obligations. vise a yell which they shouted lustily These minor disagreements were abso- accenting "Men's Table! Men's lutely essential to the life of the Table! Men's Table!" The girls at study. Before the conclusion of the a near-Ly table not to be out-classed course all the expressed views were soon responded by shouting for the decidedly Christian. It was indeed a "old-maids. " The boys and girls of happy sight to see from twenty to the high school group sang their thirty adults, a majority of them men, school songs and gave yells, while the coming out week after week to spend rest ate. These activities did much to an hour in mission study. At the create and keep a cordial atmosphere. conclusion of the five weeks' course a The lighter vein in no way detracted set of slides on the cOlmtry studied from the serious part of the evening were shown. when the proper time came. So both in work and play there was something The "pot-luck" feature had a very stirring every second. large part in making the move popular. When, on the first· presentation, While there was but a comparativethe ladies hesitated over the thought ly small amount of detailed dining of having a lunch once a week for six weeks they were thinking in terms of

·1925] BEST METHODS

room work to do, there was always is in numbers equal to over 53 per Eeed for a few useful hands. One cent of our entire church memberyear the members (}f the different ship. To appreciate these numbers it church organizations, such as Sunday- should be borne in mind that our school classes, set the tables and wait- church is located in a factory town ed on the guests. The next year a where men are on shift-work, which committee of willing-handed and big- means that some of our men are alhearted women appointed by the ways at work, whether day or night. missionary society saw to it that Our church facilities are so limited things were always at their best at the that the attendance has taxed our lunch hour. Usually young folks working equipment to the limit. waited on the tables. They vied with one another by groups, in seeing What of the futUre of the church which could render the best service, school of missions? After the first decorate the best, and make the best successful year was past the pastor appearance. said to the missionary society: "Last season's work should be a suitable .Another big feature was the provi- text of the worth of a church school sion made for the children too small of missions. If our church is to have to attend the Junior study. They another popular mission school the were taken to a private house where initiative this year must come from they were cared for during the study the missionary society. I will help honr. This gave the parents oppor- but will not push it through as I did tunity to enjoy the study and no last year." family had to stay at home because of the little ones. We thus made The same society that had turned provision for people of all ages. There the project down once, and with a was never any lack of nurse-maids degree of open questioning, reluctantamong the girls to help run the nUl'&- ly acquiesced the second time, now got cry. under the movement and put it through in a bigger and better way Both years we pursued the topics than ever. It now appears that the recommended by OUr Boards. The church school of missions bids fair to courses for the several age groups become an institution of our church were all phases of the general topic. work just as regular as that of the The leaders for each division care- Sunday-school, and Missionary Sofully outlined the proposed groups to ciety. be covered for the five or six sessions and then gathered materials accord- Popular missions are poosible and ingly. 'rhcrll is every reason to believe practical. The idea must first be that the study was as thor(}ugh and thoroughly sold. The real goods may far-reaching as any voluntary study then be promptly delivered. Then found in the ordinary church, and satisfied customers will assure the much more thorough than many business a permanent future. chmoch studies. These courses gave the first direct mission study to many MAKING A CHURCH INTELa man and boy. Each year our church thus held before a hundred LIGENTLY MISSIONARY people the great thought that it has 11 vital interest and a working pro- BY" J. M. DAwso~, Pastor gram in world-wide problems. First BapHst Church, Waco, Texas Looking back it is a joy to say that we enrolled people in number equal One in Eight Is a. High Percentage 10 sixty-seven per cent of our entire ('hurch membership_ They came out When one church exceeds all other with a good degree of regularity as churches of the South in making ana, the average attendance for each year influencing pr-eachers and mission- aries, and follows its gifts of life by 4 unusual gifts of money it is worth while to consider some of its mission- ary methods.

Through no responsibility of the 'fruett, once a member of t.he Waco present pastor, either for the report Church, is pastor, and which has a or for the fact, the First Baptist membership three times larger. Church, Waco, Texas, is said to have given to the world more preachers How t.his missionary interest and and ·missionaries than any other missionary giving have been stimuchurch in the South. Certain it is lated is a story of education. The that of the hundreds of missionaries prime factor was the long pastorate of on the rolls of the Southern Baptist B. H. Carroll, one of the giants of his I<'oreign l'iission Board one in eight denomination, who through twentyis a graduate of Baylor University eight years imparted his world-wide aud most of these have held mem- vision, ardent devotion and heroic bership in the First Church, which discipline to hi~ flock. Dr. Carroll, through the years has ministered to the founder of the Southwestern Bapthe University. This church contrib- tist Theological Seminary and long uted the first Baptist missionary to president of the board of trustees of Brazil, Rev. VlT• B. Bagby, and a Baylor University, was possibly more dozen more who are laboring today in than any other the builder of the that land of promise. From it went Baptist denomination in Texas, and forth Dr. and li[rs. W. Eugene Sallee, one of the leaders in the South. Durof the Kaifeng College, intimate ing his long life he communicated his friends of· Marshal Feng, the great missionary vision and spirit to his Christian general of China, and people. During his pastorate the among the most influential Christian church became unquestionably first in missionaries in the Orient today. the denomination in its response to S. Mosa, who is doing a notable work missions, and often did it release its as a pastor in Nazaret.h, Palestine, pastor that he might go forth to camwas enkindled in this church, and an- paign for missionary causes among other member of it took the lead in the churches. His published sermons providing a house of worship for even yet furnish the preachers in- Mosa's growing church, which is spiration for missionary addresses building on a choice lot, opposite and appeals. Does not the abiding lfary's Fountain in the city of our fruit of such labor incite the pastors Lord. Most of the Baptist pastors in to a more heroic missionary leader- Texas, and many of the leading pas- ship 1 How many definite missionary tors and officials of mission boards of sermons do they preach f Have they other states, such as Dr. A. J. Barton not discovered that all homiletic roads of Missouri and Dr. O. E. Bryan of lead t.o missions? Do they not see Tennessee, together with Dr. George that the greatest of all missionary W. McDaniel, the president of the impacts is a missionary life 1 Southern Baptist Convention, are graduates of Baylor and while mem- This church has consistently magbers of this historic church have nified the office of the missionary. touched its missionary fires. Indeed, When missionaries return special its quota of home workers naturally honors are accorded them and the is far larger than that of its foreign church hears them gladly. Such ocmissionaries, and they are men and casions are emphasized, organized and women who have brought things to advertised with a view to the largest pass. As a further evidence of its attendance. Recently when the Salmissionary zeal, its contribution to the lees carne home from China they were Baptist seventy-five million campaign given a public reception and on Sunfund was among the foremost in the day morning when Dr. Sallee spoke South, being second only in Texas to on "The Anti-Christian Movement in that of the great First Baptist Church China," the building which seats at Dallas, of which Dr. George W. three thousand was packed. Memo- rable indeed was the homecoming of Dr. Bagby some years ago.

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In urder to keep the church intelli- ,Yomen's Memorial Dormitory at gently missionary ceaseless and insist- Baylor University. In this giving it ent circulation of missionary period- has been found that wise old Ben icals is undertaken. Unless included Franklin's word is true-" An ounce in the budget much attention must be of practice is worth a ton of theory."

given to this constantly. Closely as- vVe learn by doing, says the psychol- sociated are the missionary programs. ogist. Churches that practise mis- These are formally provided for in sions will find their interest tremend- the various church organizations. ously quickened by the investment.

among the young people, the women Of one thing all may be sure, we and the men. This church has solved cannot expect missionary resultS! the problem of attendance upon the without missionary intelligence. There midweek prayer service with mission- is a streak of reactionism in all of us. ary programs. During the March It is a part of indwelling sin. It is week of prayer for home missions the the persistence of the flesh, the gainwomen's Wednesday night program saying of the world, and the subtlety drew so many people that the large of the devil. The first clause of the audience room overflowed with the Great Commission is "Go ye and throngs who came and were thrilled. teach." It is fatuous to imagine that All along mission study classes have missionary deeds arise from sponbeen fostered with excellent results, taneous combustion. They are defibut now the ~hurch, along with other nitely produl!ed. We have divine and Baptist churches of the South, is supernatural as well as abundant undertaking a week's school of mis- human resources at our command for sions. In this school three books will achieving missionary results. Awake, be taught, "Stewardship in Missions," "The Plan of Salvation," o .':ion, and haste thee to the ripening "The Social Applications of the Gos- fields.

pel. " The school proposes to bring METHODS FOR VACATION DAYS several hundred people, men, women SUMMER CONFERENCE DJc'LEGATES. and children together in the evening :F'irst of all send at least one reprefor an hour of study, followed by a sentative from your church to some luncheon, after which the study will summer conference. If you can send be resumed for another hour, to be a dozen or more delegates by all means do so. Every summer conferconcluded with an inspirational ad- ence delegate is likely to do much in dress from real home and foreign mis- the missionary advancement of the sionaries. It is believed that this congregation during the coming fall School of Missions will be quite as and winter. 'l'here are people who successful as it has proven elsewhere, will go at their own expense if you and that it will yield far profcmnder tell them about conference joys and results than the ordinary inspiration opportunities. There are scores of ra~ly: meetings in the interest of people in our churches who are really mISSIOns. looking for places to go who would find just what they want at some de- One of the greatest incentives to lightful summer conference, but who missions this church has discovered is the missionary memorial over and above the budget offerings. It has two with the church extension board will never know about it unless more -the B. H. Carroll and the First of us take it upon ourselves to talk Church Building Loan Funds. It has summer conferences.

a large interest in the Annie Jenkins Then there are scores of others who Sallee .Memorial College at Kai-feng, should be sent by th<3ir churches or China. In several hospitals it ha9 by various societies in the churches.

memorial rooms. J nst now the women In many congregations it would be are giving $25,000 toward a $350,000 possible for the Sunday-school to send

a delegate, the Young People's So- WEEK-ENDS AT THE FARM OR CAMP. ciety to send another, the Women's ~ome one willed to a Philadelphia lVlissionary :Society to send a third, congregation a farm house. The pasand the Brotherhood to add the tor and the pastor's wife and some fourth. Sometimes all of the expenses of the members sat down to consider may be paid by the church, and in the possibilities of their legacy. Being other cases the delegate may pay part missionary-minded they considered of the expenses. very carefully any missionary possi- bilitiefl in the newly acquired and We continually lament the lack of somewhat unusual possession. leadership and yet we continue to jog along without making any plans to Among the other planiil developed train leaders. are week-end conferences of various groups. Sometimes busy young peo- Have the courage and determina- ple chaperoned by older leaders go to tion to face your difficulties squarely the farm for a night and a day or and to meet and conquer them. Select two days of conference with a misrepresentatives who have potential sionary program. A delightful outing possibilities of leadership; arrange is provided in this way with a chance for them to attend the best confer- for quiet interviews with leaders and ence in your territory and let the con- helpful group conferences. ference leaners know you expect them to give yo~r delegates the help they If some one will do the planning need. and arranging it is poss'ible frequently for groups to go together for several Another possibility is to enlist the days to some mountain, camp, or interest of individuals in paying the shore resort. expenses of one or more conference delegates as an investment in mis- Many young business men and sionary leadership. women arrange to get away from the heat and grind of the city on Friday Each denomination has its own or Saturday and return on Monday. summer conferences. In addition Missionary guests strengthen the inevery church should have some one, fluence of the party. If there is no of outstanding ability or possibility in special building or camp site availleadership, in attendance at some in- able, some one may arrange that a terdenominational summer school or number of congenial people choose conferenee. the same mountain or shore resort for a week-end; that they meet together Among the interdenominational for a morning or an evening service. conferences are those of the Mission- A picnic lunch may be planned and ary Education Movement, for men a discnssion arranged. Possibly a and women, as follows; missionary may be available· for an informal stroll. Sometimes inter- Blue Ridge, !. C.—-June 26th to July views along the way, group discussions 6th. around a camp fire, and picnic lunches are far-reaching influences in life Ocean Park, :ThIaine-July 1st to July decisions. 10th. MISSfONS BY MOONLIGHT. There is Silver Bay, N. Y.—-July 3d to July more than a pleasing alliteration here. 13th. No virtue attaches to the direct rays of a three 0 'clock sun on a hot sum- Asilomar, Cal.-July 8th to July 18th. mer afternoon so far as missionary education is concerned. Some time Seabeck, Wasll.-July 24th to August during the summer plan a delightfully 3d. refreshing moonlight meeting. The place of meeting may be a porch, a J;~or further information write Missionary Education Movement, 150 Fifth Avenue, lawn, a park, a mountain, a shore, New York City.

The w~men's conferences affiliated with the Council of Women for Home Missions and the 1<'ederation of Women's Foreign Mission Boards of North America are listed on page 3~1 of this issue.

BEST METHODS

or a plain. One or more missionary written suggesting that during some g'uests may be in the party. An ap- quiet vacation moment there may be propriate Bible lesson may be taken a chance, that so seldom comes at from some of the night scenes of the home, to read.

Bible. The singing of missionary Vacation time offers an opportunity hymns ar.companied hy stringed or to interest people in missionary maga- wind instruments may be made a spe- zines. Sometimes a single copy of cial feature, or there may be special your own denominational magazine, numbers, in addition to the hymns, or the MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE slmg without accompaniment. WORLD, or Et'eryland, sent to some The love story of some great mis- one at a summer address means that sionary will lend itseLf especially to the magazine is given a place on the a moonlight meeting, and earnest dis- living' room or porch table. A read- cussion of the possibilities of conse- ing that would not be accorded it in crated living will naturally follow the rush of home duties, and a regular under wise leadership. Any regular subscription may follow, at your sug- features of topic study may be intro- gestion.

duced. IN THE RURAL CHURCHES. The A box lunch may follow the pro- summer time is often the time of gram, served with a lively discussion largest opportunity in the country of world aifairs and missionary op- church and the country church is the portunity. church of largest opportunity in mis- LITERATURE CIRCULATION. He who sionary work. In almost any group of lets a friend go away on a summer missionaries, the majority are found outing with no piece of missionary to be products of the country church.

literature in his hand or in his bag- Get ready for the homecoming of gage knows not the appearanC1e of the boys and girls from college. In- missionary opportunity when it stands stead of meeting them with "Young beside him. folks today aren't what they were Literature secretaries, should be when I was young," let your greeting busy in the spring and early summer be, "'Ve are counting on you to help in making up missionary boxes to be us with our summer plans for mis- taken by vacationists or mailed to sion study. It's fine to have you home." them.

When the literature secretary or If there are summer visitors in the president or any other interested your community, find among them worker drops in for a goodby before some one who can add interest to your a friend goes away she may tactfully meetings.

suggest that she has brought with her Interest the mothers of your com- a most delightful book for a com- munity in inviting as guests, students panion along the way, or during the of other nationalities who are in vacation. It may be presented as a America. One Japanese woman said gift, or as a loan from the missionary recently that the longing -6f her. heart library. was to spend the summer in some un- Then there are leaflets. It's a good pretentious Christian home in the plan to see that every one who goes country.

on a vacation receives sometime dur- Get information about such hospi- ing the summer one or more of the tality possibilities from the Student best missionary leaflets to be had. Secretary of your denomination.

They may be mailed one at a time, or "Spend-the-Day Missionary Meet- attractive pasteboard boxes or even ings, " have been successfully ar- plain manila envelopes may be used ranged by a number of farmers' wives as containers for a few choice leaflets who left home aEter the morning's and some clippings attractively ar- work was finished. They provided a ranged. An irresistible letter may be picnic lunch for their husbands and

sons, and then went to some neighbors GE'l'TING RE.DY FOR THE FALL. for dinner. Each guest furnished one Successfnl merchants do not wait undish according to a menu previously til September to decide on their fall arranged. After dinner there was an stock. Fall plans for missionary sohour and a half for the missionary cieties should be in t!ie making long meeting, with adjournment in time before September first. In the spring for everyone to be home for the nec- and early summer before people go essary work of the late afternoon. away on vacations, work out your plans for the fall and winter. Give OUT-OF-DoOR PAGEANTS. Many your leaders a chance to be on the cities and rural communities are in- lookout during the summer for good cluding an out-of-door pageant in ideas for the meetings of which they their Sllmmer plans, thereby enlisting are to have charge. the interest of thousands of people. A safe plan is to print on your an- CHALLENGING ATTENTION nouncements the date with the statement of a seeond date, in case of rain "Is this a typical American audion the first. ence T" asked Mrs. Bascom Copen- haver in introducing her course of Choirs composed of members from lectures on "Race Relationships" at many churches may furnish the the St. Petersburg School of Missions music, and different episodes, or fea- in Florida. tures of the pageant, may be assigned to special groups who can practise to- All over the auditorium hands were gether. If there is efficiency in group raised in answer to her questionpractice, one full rehearsal will be all hands from almost every state in the that is needed for a successful pres- Union, for there were delegates from entation. everywhere. Then the pianist played "My Country 'Tis of Thee." As OPPORTUNITIES FOR PERSONAL the audience sang, typical America WORK. 'When our Lord met men and walked to the platform-men and women along the way, He made the women holding aloft charts which most of His missionary opportunity, gave these figures: at morning, noon and night, in the synagogue, at the well, on the shore, Italians ………………….. 1,610,109 in the homes of friends. Negroes …………………. l1,OOO,O()(J Chinese ………………….. 61,639 There are individuals and groups Jug~·Slavs ……………….. 169,439 at every summer resort, from logging MexIcans ………………… 1,500,000 camp to a fashionable seashore city, Port? Ricans ……………… 1,299,809 who are practically unreached by any RusSlans …………………. 1,400,489 Christian workers. 'I'he" hands" on Indians ………….. ,…….. 341 838 the farm, the "help" in the hotel, the Bulgarians ,.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10;477 all-the-year-round res,idents of the Japanese ………………… 111,010 mountains-if the Lord Christ had Jews ………… , …….. ,… 4,000,000 passed along their way He would have Poles …. ,., …….. ,……… 1,139,978 found time to tarry with them until Czechs ……….. "……….. 362436 He could point out the way of life. Hindus …………. ,……… 2;507 Alaskans …………………. 54,899 Then there are the hundreds of colpge students who are working during Only a few words were spoken by their vacation at various summer the leader, but everyone realized resorts. A discriminating visitor re- something of the extent of the probcently remarked, "The greatest possi- lems of America in race relations. bilities in this, conference are to be found in those who are employed to A business man said, "I can't do much, but I'll round up a half dozen serve it." fellows for that mass meeting." OlL many of our summer conference One of the fellows gave a thousand grounds arrangements are made for dollars for missions, another gave his special classes for employees. life in service, and all of them became interested in missions.

Woman's Home and Foreign

– COUNCIL OF -WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS AND FEDERA'fION OFVOMAN'S BOARDS OF FOREIGN MISSIONS SCHOOLS OF MISSIONS AfJiliated with DATES AND CKIRMEN FOR 1925 COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HPME :MISSIONS A ffiliated with Dallas, 1'exas (Negro-J-Sept. 27·0ct. 4. :Mrs. C. R. Boswell, 1719 Allen St., Dallas, COUNCIL OF WO~IEN FOR HO~[E MISSIONS Texas.

and Northfield, East Northfield, Massac,husetts- ,July 6·14. Mrs. T. Raymond St. John, FEDERATION OF WOMAN'S BOARDS OF 341 Webster Ave., Long Island City, N. Y *** FOREIGN MISSIONS Affiliated w·jth Bethesda, Ohio-Aug. 11-14. Miss Mary I. FFDERA'l'ION OF WOMAN '8 BOARDS OF Scott, 310 Tomlinson Ave., Moundsville, W. Va. FOREIGN MISSIONS Bonlder, Colorado-June 16-25. Mrs. Frank Northfield, East Northfield, Ma8saohusetts- ,L Smith, 515 E. 11 Avenue, Denver, Colo. July 14-22. Mrs. Henry W. Peahody, Beverly, Mass. Dallas, Te;tas-Sept. 27-0et, 4. Mrs. L. P. Smith, 3319' Drexel Drive, Dallas, Texas. Baltimore, MMyland–October. Mrs. Henry Zoller, 1323 LaIlva.]e St., Baltimore, Md. De Dand, Florida-F'eb. 1-6. Mrs. John W. Smock, 320 N. Boulevard, De Land, Fla. Kerrville, Texas-July 27-Aug. 1. Mrs. J. L. Brock, Box 411, Bryan. Texas. Houstrm, Texas-Oct. 5-9. Mrs. J. W. Fincher, 1101 Kenwood Ave., Houston, Chautauqua, N. Y.-Aug. 23-29. Mrs. F. Texas. E. Adams, 2033 E. 88th St., Cleveland, Ohio. Illinoi8-Mi8souri (Greenville, Ill.)-June 16- 20. Mrs. J. D. Bragg, 638 Oakwood Ave., Not Yet Affiliated Webster Groves, Mo. Mills College Oakland, Califorl1ia-Jnne 20- Lake Geneva, Wi8consin-July 6-13. Mrs. 27. Mrs. Paul Raymond, 90 Santa :Monica C. W. Peterson, 11132 S. Hoyne Ave., Way, San Francisco, CaL Chicago, Ill. *** Minnesota (Minneapolis-St. Paul)-June 1- 5. Mrs. J. F. Marlatte, 419 Newton Ave., HOME MISSIONS INSTITUTE North, Minneapolis, Minn. Conducted by Mt. Herman, Ca.liforniar-July 4·11. Mrs. Paul Raymond, gO Santa Monica. Way, COU"CIL OF WOMEN FOil. HOME :MISSIONS San Francisco, California. Chantauqua, New Yo·rk-Ang. 15-21. Mrs. Moun,tain Lake Park, Maryland-July 29· John Ferguson, 156 Fifth Ave., New Aug. 4. Miss Susan C. Lodge, 1720. Arch York, N. Y. St., Philadelphia, Pa. NO'NeE New Orleans, Louisiana-Nov. 9-13. :Mrs. D. Beach Carre, 44 Andubon Boulevard, The 1925 Schools of Missions under the New Orleans, La. auspices of the Interdenominational Com· mittee of the Central West for Missions will Olelahoma City, Oklahoma-June 1-5. Mrs. be held as follows: Joseph Deupree, 1609 W. 19th St., Okla- homa City, Oklahoma.

St. Petersburg, Flor·ida-Jan. 18-23. Mrs. G. W. Cooper, 250 Fifth Ave., N., St. Petersburg, Florida.

Southern California (Los Allgeles)-June 1-5. Mrs. H. W. Crabb<l, 1135 W. 30th St., Los Angeles, Cal.

,Vilson College, Ch'ambersburg, Pa.-June 29-July 6. Miss Mary C. Peacock, '1'0['- I'esdale, P a.

Winona Lake, Indiana-.June 23-30. Mrs. C. W. Peterson, 11132 South Hoyne Ave., Chicago, Ill.

FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN EDITED BY EI,LA D. 1-IAc LAURIN, 25 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK SOME REMARKABLE NEW BOOKS older women but among young w(}men who have suffered most in the lessen- By Luol' W .. PEABODY ing of the emphasis on prayer and who have known less of the earlier In all discussions regarding the movements and history of Boards Church and our missionary organiza- born of prayer. tions one feature is emphatically and continuously stressed. The Church Beautiful pictures of pioneers must come back to a greater emphasis brighten the pages of the book. One on spiritual power. Our materialistic reads in the lines of their faces the age has swept the Church along with victories won by devout and prayerit and we have given more emphasis ful lives. Let us make an effort to to organization and efficiency than to double the number in missionary the development of the spiritual life. study groups.

PRAYER AND MISSlONS.-At this BRAVE ADVENTURERS.-Our Junior moment comes our new textbook, by Study Book is by Katharine Scherer Helen Barrett Montgomery, who has Cronk, who is well known to readers given us five remarkable books. of the REVIEW and to the Federation, 'rhrough the twenty-five years of indeed to all of us who know the work United Study we have not failed to of Summer Schools. She has given note the great results which have come us this year a simple, yet profound through the spiritual efforts of our book for boys and girls which should .missionaries. Iow, for .the first time, have a far wider use than in small we are to spend a year in the study groups of juniors. If there is any and dh;covery of unlimited power re- possibility of introducing this study leased through prayer which is God's into our Sunday-schools we trust our method. H~ does not excuse us from leaders will find the way.. We mourn human effort. He appreciates every sometimes the decadence of youth. strong wise movement for building up Whose fault is it? Let us bring to His Kingdom but as He sees us losing our children today the old, old lessons our vision through the strenuous ef- that God has taught through all the fort we have had to make to secure ages. Let us teach them to pray and what seems to us necessary He calls show them the glory of this service us back to reconsider this, the might- through the lives of great men and iest factor, little used. Only as our women portrayed in the book "BRAVE powers are linked to His greatness ADVENTURERS. " The moral is in the can we succeed. story, not tagged on. The thread of conversation running through the Mrs. Montgomery has given us a book gives it unity. There will be an vision. In the first two chapters we interesting pamphlet, "Suggesti(}ns study the Biblical Practice and Teach- for Junior Leaders and Sunday ings. Then we are led out into mar- School Teachers," in which Mrs. velous illustrations of answered Cronk has gathered helps f,rom exprayers of our missionaries and our' perts in hand work and practical sugnew Christians in the Orient proving gestions, together with her own. We that "nothing lies beyond the reach hope this book will be taught in every of prayer except that tvhich lies out- one of our Schools of Missions. There side the will of God!. " is nothing to take its place. Make this a year of concentration on the Thousands of women who cannot Child. Here is the remedy for the join in the study of the book, might faults of 0111' age. Let us stop befind life changed by reading it quiet- wailing our times and begin to correct ly. Ve urge this year a great effort them with the aid of this book. on the part" of all Boards and leaders to introduce the book, not only among

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETINS

There are some beautifUl illustra- enough for the amount of work and tions running through the book, not money we are putting into this maga- only halftone pictures, but clever pen zine, not nearly enough for the and ink l'Iketches preceding each chap- Boards_ Our special offer for the ter and giving the Key Note. yea!", Five Subscriptions for Five PRAYERS POR LITTLE CHILDREN, by Dollars, has been appreciated and we IJuey W. Peabody, is the title of our have as a result fifteen hundred new third book which is for very little peo- subscribers. There should be at least ple. Even a child of two or three fifteen thousand more to enable us to years can be tanght to pray and enjoy maintain the magazine. There is no prayer. What are we doing to bring magazine in the world doing exactly these little ones to the Saviour who the work of Everyland in world blessed children like themselves' In friendship, educating boys and girls this tiny book are prayers for many of all lands through stories and beau- occasions, ",Vhen I Am Afraid," tiful pictures to respect each other , 'When Father and Mother Are and really to love each other, none Away," "Wben I Am Sick," "When that presents home and foreign mis- I -Wake Up," ",Vhen I Go to Sleep," sions in the same way. The hope of "On My Birthday," "On Christmas the world lies in this work for boys Day, " sixteen in all. They have been and girls. What are you doing to used with one little four-year-old who help?

calls for them &gain and again. When We have stories promised by Jean asked whirh he loved best, he said" I Mackenzie, Margaret Applegarth, think the one 'When I Am Afraid' Ruth Mason Rice, Janet Gargon, Julia and the one' vVhen I Am Naughty.' " Deane and many other favorites.

I f we can teach young and old to Short stories and the "EXCHANGE"

come to Christ when they are afraid by Mrs_ Cronk and the "BooKsHop"

and when they have done wrong we by Mrs. Billings.

shall have done something to help this We are announcing, and trust that poor old world. There is a book plate this announcement will be made by with lines for name and age. The all our missionary magazines, which missionary prayers may help PrimarY have been so appreciative and helpful, Teachers. our introductory offer of six numbers Weare hoping soon to announce a for fifty cents, beginning with the book along the lines of World Peace. double number, July-August, out We have not the title but the book June' 15th, and extending through by several well known authors is in December. Here is an opportunity to the making. This will be a discus- find out what EveryZ(Jlnd is. Many sion book containing considerable ma- will follow with a SUbscription for the terial and should be used in open coming year. If we can have your forums in every Summer School as a aid in securing a great number of preparation for leaders for similar these trial subscriptions we will do the discussion groups in the community. rest. One public library takes twen- This will not be a pacifist book, nei- ty-six copies of Everyland annually ther will it be a political book, but for use in its reading rooms. How it will take up the whole question of about your public library, your Sun- the possibilities of substituting law day-school classes, boys and girls in for war in a Christian and reasonable your own home, among your relatives way, in God's way_ Further an- and in your foreign, home and city nouncements will be made as the book mission fields ~ The magazine is en- progresses_ dorsed by the Foreign Missions Con- Everylattd – THE MAGAZINE OF ference of North America and the VORLD FRIENDSHIP FOR GIRLS AND statement in the Bulletin of the recent BoYs.-Wc are rejoicing in new sub- lfissionary Convention is that the scribers but there are still not nearly "magazine has no rival an this side

of the water." We would go a little Order from M. H. Leavis, West Medford, farther than that, and are highly Mass., or your Woman's Board. complimented that there is an imitation of Everyland in Great Britain Those who wish the story of twent~-five years of United Study with the program tor the w'hich has taken the same name. ~;t~eO~J;ni'i;o~~~g!ntoW~.s~~gi~~Vl~a~e:ta~eJ~ ",Ve touch in Everyland on great ford, Mass. Miss Leavls will also 'send sample rerorms, on the needs or our country ('opies of Everyland to any who are Interested. as well as life in every country of the world, made attractive through stories FEDERATION OF WOMAN'S of boys and girls. It is good for young peoplt' from eight to seventeen BOARDS OF FOREIGN MISSIONS years. Mrs. Cronk's .Bxchange calls OfBcen in the older group, and they have petitioned that the age limit be extend- President-Mrs. E. IL Silverthorn, New ed from sixteen to seventeen. Many York City.

of onr readers are high school students Vice-President-Mrs. W. F. McDowell, and many are boys and girls in our Washington, D. C_ Junior departments. Vice-Presi,lent-Mrs. Ernest Evans, New Do not fail us on this one children's' York City. magazine for all the churches and for all the countries of the world. You Recorliing SecretaTy-Miss Vernon HaJJi- day, New York City_ have not completed your missionary task until you have aSflumed respon- Treasurer-Mrs. DeWitt Knox, New York sibility for Everyland_ It does not City.

involve any Board in expense, only Executive Secretary-Miss Ella D. Macslight effort and frequent notices, and Laurin, New York City.

a place on the literature table at all Chairmen of Standing ComD1ittees your meetings. Christiarl Literat"re for Women ana Chi!- Prayer ana Mi-ssWIl8, by Helen Barrett dren in Mission Fierds-Miss Alice M. Montgomery. Paper covers, 50 cents, Kyle, Boston, Mass. postpaid; cloth covers, 75 cents, postpaid. Cent"al Committee on the United Study of Brave Adventurers, by Katharine Scherer Foreign Missions-Mrs. Henry W. Pea- Cronk. Paper covers, 50 cents, postpaid; body, Boston, Mass. cloth covers, 75 cents, postpaid. Church m.d Mi-ssionary J?ederati<Hls-Miss Prayers for Little People, by Lucy W. Pea- Carrie M. Kerschner, Philadelphia, Pa. body. Price, 25 cents. Conferences and Schoors of Missions-Miss How to Use. A pamphlet containil)g pro- Mary Peacock, TOlTesdale, Pa. grams and suggestions for the Senior book, Prayer and Missions, by Helen Bar- Day of Prayer for MissiOM–Mrs. H. B. rett Montgomery. Price, 15 cents. Montgomery, Rochester, N. Y.

Suggestions fO!' Junior Leaders and Sunday- Fore'ign Students in America–M:iss Mabelle Rae McVeigh, New York City. Schaal Teachers, by Katharine Scherer Cronk. Price, 15 cents. Internationa.l Institutions on the Foreign Field-Miss Margaret Hodge, New York City.

Method., of Work-Mrs. L. J. P. Bishop, New York City.

Student Work-Mrs. D. J. Fleming, Engle- wood, N. J.

By·Laws–Mrs. H. R. Steele, Nashville, Tenn.

HOME MISSION BULLETIN EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINL_N, 156 F'IFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK ABOUT OUR BOOKS twenty-one years, the last five of which have been under the regis of By EDITH H. ALLEN the Joint Committee on Home Mission Literature, composed of representa- From the report of the Committee on Study tives of the Missionary Education Courses of' the Council of Women for Home Movement and the Council of Women Missions of which Mrs. Allen has been chair- for Home Missions. n!an. as well A.B chairman of' the Joint Committee on Home Mission Lite-rature. We must take account of the impli- cations of growth; the need of flexi- And so we come to another turn in bility and power of response to the lengthening road of home mission service through the study books. It has been a widening way through

1925J WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLE'l'INS

emerging new circumstances and de- fomia. Suggestions to leaders will be mands, so that the books at the time published. of p~blication may be capable of presentmg our most vital thinking and For Intermediated: our best realizations. J'he complexity 3. "HIGH ~DVEN;URE," by P,icril Hess, faced also holds the challenge of our day-a time not at ease with itself Managmg EdItor of the Woman., Pres", but everywhere seeking somethino' former worker among Slavic industrial more satisfying to the sense of the e: workers in AUll3rica and a member of sentials of a more abundant life. the Prague Survey group. Suggestions to leaders will be pnblished. 'rhe Committee believes that to Por Juniors: know. love an d choose twhehictrhuei~ the beautiful and the good, the 4. "BETTER AMERICAKS, NUMBF-B THREE J'

goal of all such efforts, is a social by Herbert Wright Gates, Secretary 'of t~e Department of Missionary Educaprocess enlisting the whole of society hon of the Congregational Education Society. TJIe third and last volume in and the whole of the individual. The "'l'he Better America Series: Junior Home Mission Courses." General Committee has sought to help meet theme of this volume; How home mis- ~ion agencies have helped in the makthis by giving the best obtainable mg of a better America. Since the books of the Better America series are ('onception-an ideal of righteousness intended for teachers, no separate "Suggestions for Le':lders" will be in human relations-and to secure for issued.

these through the books the full pres- Proposals for the future include sure of ChrisHan consciousness and planning a three-year cycle for little dedication. children of the primary grade in The educational trend also of our which. will occur no distinction, geo- times is in line with its inner wistful- graphIcal or other-wise, between for- ness of seeking a more satisfying eign and home missions, and indeed course than the ready acceptance of no mention of such titles, the thought things poured in or the status quo of heing to interest the child in his world whatever sort, and so we have the col- reaching ont from him through the lege students-the youth out in the home and the community to the dis- stream of life – and the children tant unknown places, to other children through their leaders asking that ma- who are also of the family of the terial suited to the quickening of their Heavenly Father, thus creating a conpowers at the place and age where ~ciousness of unity and oneness with they are, be available. In response the children of other opportunities to such compulsions the expanded and other lands that will, it aisndhospeervd~ bear fruit in Kingdom love program, with its varied material fo!'" ice. It is expected that the secretaries the needs of folk of differing abgeees~ apprehensions and approach. has responsible for both foreign and home offered to the constituency. The sales mission seryice may assist in arrang- of books during 1924 totaled 149.843. ing the details of such a cycle and at The books for 1925-26 are: as early a date as possible.

For Adults and Young People: Xow that the three-year cycle of 1. "PEASANT PIONEERS." A study book on junior home mission courses in the the Slavs in America, by Kenneth D. Miller of the Board of National Mis- Better America series has been com- sions of the Preshyterian Church in the U. S. A., and former director of the pleted, it has been decided to earn· Jan Hus House, New York City' this plan of curriculum building int~ anthor of The Czecho·Slovak.. in .A me/ iea: Snggestions to leadprs will b,' the intermediate grade and it is pro- published. posed to issue in the spring of 1926 2. "FROM OVER THE BORDER," a stndy book on the Mexicans in the United States the first volume of a new three-year by Vernon McCombs, superintendent of intermediate c~'cle. The plan i~ to the Latin Arn'lrican Mission of the Methodist Episcopal Church in Cali· make the first yolume an historical study of the home mission enterprise in a form suitable for the use of boys and girls twelve to fourteen years old.

I t is strongly urged that leaders of Mrs. W .•f. Gruhlcr, Evangelical. .iunior groups continue their use of Mrs. C. E. Vickers, Friends. the Better America series of junior Mrs. Philip M. Rossman, Lutheran. Mrs. M. L. Copeland, Colored M. E.

courses, repeating the books with the Mrs. Mary L. Coleman, Free Methodist. younger children who have come up Mrs. May Leonard Woodruff, M. E. into the junior classes and depart- Mrs. J. H. McCoy, M. E. So. ments. It is probable that no new Mrs. J. A. Macdonald, Presbyterian in Canada.

course book for juniors will be issued Mrs. W. C. Winsborough, Presby. in U. S. for several years. In the meantime it is planned to bring out some new Mrs. Fred S. Bennett, Presby. in U. S. A. books of stories for juniors to read on :Miss Grace Lindley, Protestant Episcopal. lIlrs. Tabor Knox, Reformed in Americ". Miss Alice E. Bell, United Brethren.

themes that are appropriate. Fuller Recording Secretary-Mrs. Edwin W. Lentz, announcements regarding these read- Reformed in U. S. ing books will be made later. Treasurer-Mrs. OITin R. .1 udd, Baptist. Perhaps it will not be amiss to re- Exemtiive Secretary – Miss Florence E.

Quinlan.

iterate as a motivating influence the Executive Supervisor, Migra,nts – Mis s whole-hearted conviction of the Committee that back of the turmoil and Laura H. Parker. .

A.88ista,nt Treasurer-1nss G. Evelyn Morse.

social restlessness of our times is a Members-at-Large very real desire for that which more Mrs. George W. Colema.n, Mrs. Wilbur P. deeply satisfies-for spiritual realities Thirkield, Mrs. John S. Allen.

and values-a craving for more of Committees and Chairmen Christian reality in our national institutions and the more abundant life Adm,ini8tra,tive~Mrs. John Ferguson. for the individual; the conviction also St"dy CouTse8 and Literat'ure-Miss E. Jes· that not only is our day restless, it is sie Ogg. Day of l'myer fo)" Missio!l.8-Mrs. S. S.

urgent-it cannot, will not wait to Hough. seize something of promise for the Schools of Miss;ons-}.frs. Philip M. Ross· fever of its needs. In view of this, the home mission literature, with its man. Chauta"qua-Mrs. .J ohn Ferguson. Women's Church and Missionary Federa.· immense reach and influence, must tions-Miss Carrie M. Kerschner. not fail of its utmost ministry, not only to those upon whom rests the Student Worlc-M'ss Elinor K. Purves. burdens of mature life and service Legislative Matters-Mrs. Samuel Semple. Farm and Cannery Migrants-Mrs. William B. Ollver.

today, but even more insistently must Committees with Home Missions it reach the youth of our land, saying to them on behalf of the Church and Council Home Missions, , ,We recognize you Joint A dminist"ati,'e–Mrs. John Ferguson as heirs of America and of the Alaska-Dr. L. O. Baird. Blind-Miss Irene Haislip.

Church's future. and as such would Chumh B11,i1(linf!~Mr. Joseph S. Wis.,. share with you what we know of your Citie., Ilnd Urban Iit'dustrial Relations-Dr. inheritance and would see your torch lighted by Him who is the Light of William P. Shriwr.

Financial anri Fiduciary Matters – Dr. Charles L. White.

Life and of nations." Hebreu·s-Dr. .Tohn S. Conning. Indian Missions–Dr. T,homas C. Moffett. COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME Literature and PUblicity-Rev. Coe Hayne.

MISSIONS Migrant Gro"ps~Rev. Ralph S. Adams. Officers Mormonism-Dr. J<~dward Laird Mills. Negro Americans-Rev. Fred L. Brownlee.

Pre..iaent-Mrs. John Ferguson, United J)Jew Americmt8–Rev. Thomas Burgess.

Presbyterian. Orientals and Hawa,iians-Dr. George L.

Yic'e-President-at-Larqe-Mrs. F. W. W~l· Cady.

cox, Congregational. Recruiting-Miss Elinor K. Purves.

V;CC-PTIJsiilents- Spanish-Spea7,;ill'g-Mrs . •T. W. Dowwl.

Miss Nannie H. Burroughs, National Standa.rdization-Dr. Warren H. Wilson.

Bal,tist. TowiV and Country (including Mountaineer8) Mrs. Athelia M. Howsare, Christian. -Dr. Edmund deS. Brunner.

Miss Daisy June Trout. West IndieS-Rev. C. S. Detweiler.

FROM .MANY

INDIA cushion in the middle of the thorns. A girl had what seemed to be a stick The All-India Christian Conference stuck right through her cheeks and on each cheek realistic smearings of T HE eleventh session of the All- blood; but as I was returning home I India Christian Conference which found her washing off the gum and met in Bombay last December strong- blood marks and found that she had ly protested against the ordinance ingeniously fastened a stick on each passed in South Africa, depriving side of her face and by sucking in Indians of municipal franchise in her cheeks made it appear that one Natal. It welcomed the plan to hold stick was stuck through both cheeks. a unity c(}nference in Delhi for In- 1 spoke to her about the deception dians of differing religious beliefs; it and she said, 'We must do something also appro'led of the All-Parties Conference unitedly working for self- for our stomachs.' " government in India. . Resolutions were passed in: favor of prohibition New Attitude of SwaraJists of alcoholic liquors and protests were I T is reported from India, according made against the persecution of to the Continent, that much of the Christians by non-Christian relatives terrorism and turbulence which have and neighbors. The place of women been so prevalent in the land for sevin church councils was recognized, eral years has died down. The presand the need of educated, unselfish ent era of bettcr feeling, following Indian Christian leaders was empha- some drastic actions in October by the Government, including arrests of sized.

Hindu Sacred Festival scores of agitat(}rs, was ushered in during November by publication of a THE annual festival of the god Swarajist manifesto in The Indian Gurunathan in the town of .An- Review. This declaration, published tbiyur, South India, gave the workers over the signatures of l1ahatma of the Ceylon and India General Mis- Gandhi, C. R. Das and Pundit Moti- sion a great opportunity to preach lal Nehru, was in effect a definite the Gospel and to sell many Bible por- abandonment of the outstanding tions. One of tbem, Mr. Merriweather, policy of the Swarajists. It stated writes not only of this opportunity that while swaraj or home rule is tut also of some of the deceptions "the goal (}f all the parties in India,"

practised upon the people: "As merit the country is divided into different is acquired by the giving of alms, the groups which apparently have been town is besieged with beggars during working in contrary directions, the festival days. There are holy beggars result being an antagonism which has and crippled beggars, lazy beggars retarded progress toward swaraj. Ac- and dirty beggars, and all seated by cordingly, the leaders recommended the roadsides asking alms. The more that non-cooperation be suspended as a man torments himself, the holier he a national program. The exception seems to b<1 in the eyes of the pe(}ple, called for by the manifesto is that the and therefore the better able to add people continue to refuse to use cloth to the merit of one giving to him. made outside of India and make ef- One man is seen lying on a heap of forts to promote native hand spin- thorns; but when he went for his ning. Swaraj as a principle is widely food he forgot to take away the soft regarded as on the whole a helpful 397

IllOYClllcnt in India as traiuing for lislled bv Hey. John U. Lowrie. Dr. self-government where subservience VeIte re'views the outstanding events and dependence on others has been of the last three decades as the union the r1l1e for thousands of years. of Presbyterian churches in India into one church, known as the Presby- Christian Marriage Problems terian Church of India; the great re- vival in 1905 which began in the ASPECIAL committee reported at Khassia hills' in Assam and from the meeting of the Punjab Chris- there spread throughout India; and tian Council on a prohlem which has the adoption by the mission of the been stated as follows: "A certain "Saharanpur plan" by which the number of Indian girls are refraining work of the mission is transferred to from, or indefinitely delaying, mar- a board or committee on which the riage. While the number of such Indian Church and the mission have girls is small, it is growing to an ex- equal representation. A committee tent that merits the serious attention has been appointed by the missions of the Christian community. A few to draw up a program for the next Indian Christian girls are marrying ten years.-The Continent. outside the Christian community." MOllle:m1l and the Y. M. C. A. Among various causes for this state of affairs the committee pointed out FOR two years Mohammed's birththese: day has been celebrated in the city Y. M. C. A. of Bangalore by the Mos- Owing t~ a deficiency in the supply, there lem students of the Wesleyan Mission is a relatively greater demand for the serv- High School. The celebration took ices of young women of given qualifications place 0 n Sunday afternoon and than for those of young men of equal quali- caused considerable criticism because fil'ations. This results in the offer to young the Y. M. C. A. had permitted its WOlllell of comparatively higher pay. Mm'- auditorium to be used for this pur- riage~ therefore, sometimes represents to pose. The oppositiON was not due to the girl an actual financial sacrifice. a narrow or unfriendly attitude toward Mohammedans but to the fact 'rhe average girls' school is of a type that Moslems themselves would missuperior to the a.verage boys' Bchool, as ,'e- understand the concession as minigarcls teaching staff, contact between mizing the vital difference between teachers and pnpils, and general supervision Mohammed and Christ. -it is, in short, more efficient. It fOllows, therefore, that the girls receive more care- Work for Criminal Tribes ful training than the boys of the same social group. THE progress t~ward not only de- cent, but even Christian, living Ninety Years of Work in India which has been made in the Criminal Tribes Settlement is one of the most AT Ludhiana, India, in the Punjab striking stories told by the Marathi Mission, October 15, 1924, a serv- Mission of the American Board in ice was held in commemoration of the Bombay Presidency. Under the dininetieth anniversary not only of the rection of its Madura Mission in Punjab Mission, but of the whole South India, half a million people of foreign mission enterprise of the the Kallal' caste are SUbmitting them- Presbyterian Church U. S. A. Dr. H. selves to Christian guidance and in- C. Velte, veteran missionary to struction. By arrangement with the India, stationed at Saharanpur, in Government, which pays for the land, writing of the ninety years' work, buildings and most of the work, while points out that while the Syria Mis- the Board furnishes the missionary sion is older than the Punjab Mission, oversight and the training of the the work in Syria was begun by the teachers, seventy village schools have American Board. It was in 1834 that the Presbyterian Church assumed definite responsibility for the preaching of the Gospel to non-Christian peoples outside the 'Gnited States. The work at Ludhiana was estab-

1925J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

been opened, by the Madura Mission; through the council sessions. The while fifty of the more promising third woman, Miss Harriet R. Macchildren have been placed in boarding Curdy of H waiyuen, was not able to schools. Churches are springing up attend. During the council meeting, on many sides, and a strong evan- however, it was felt that perhaps the gelistic work is under way. The Kal- action in coopting these women memlal's are the hereditary robber caste of bers had been too hasty and was not South India; hitherto they have con- entirely legal, as changes of this kind sidered it honorable to make their usually have to go down to the misliving by predatory ways. The ('m- sions and be voted upon during the phasis is placed upon agriculture and year. So not until the votes are the trades in order to inculcate hard counted next year will the women work and self-support, and the people delegates know whether or not they are responding with surprising alac- are full members of the China Counrity. At Hubli, in Bombay Presi- cil.-The Continent. dency, a criminal tribes settlement, which has been carried on since 1920 Value of "D. V. B. S." in China by the S. P. G., now has 2,300 people. Rev. C. M. Edwards writes: "There THE important work being done in are three children's homes at Hubli, certain places in China by the each managed by an Indian Christian Daily Vacation Bible Schools has ocand his wife, and no home contains casionally been reported in the Remore than fifteen children. These at- view. It has now been officially tend the Settlement day school, and announced that over 100,000 illiterate their home life is in a Christian at- boys and girls are enrolled at these mosphere. We hope and pray that schools in China, 40 per cent of them they may grow up to be leaders of being from bandit homes. These little their people. " Orientals not only crowd the schools but have shown their gratitude by CHINA con,tributing the equivalent of $175 United States money, that children in Women in China Council thei,r own and other lands may share their privileges. This unselfish offer- THE China Council, which is com- ing so touched the heart of a New posed of one representative each York business man that he sent in his from the North China, Central China, check to duplicate the gift. The work Kiangan, Hun an, South China, of the Association has a firm foothold Hainan and Yunnan Missions of the in China, as evidenced by the fact Presbyterian Church and two repre- that the natives themselves have paid sentatives from the big Shantung half the cost and 6,460 Chinese stu- Mission, meets at stated intervals to dents have volunteered as teachers. consider the problems which are con- 'fhere are now 2,072 such schools in tinually arising in the work of the China, held in mission chapels, mismissions. Heretofore the council rep- sion schools and even in Buddhist and resentatives have been men, but this Confucian temples. The reports of year it was decided to include ttree the Association show that among 60,- women. Miss Margaret Moninger 000,000 Chinese children for whom was elected from Hainan, and was there are no educational facilities, able to attend the council sessions be- the Vacation Bible Schools have done cause unsettled conditions in Hainan much to reduce illiteracy and improve since the death of Rev. George D. By- social conditions. ers have made it necessary to discontinue for the time much of the Evangelism in Prison mission work. Mrs. Margaret A. Frame, principal of the girls' high THREE Chinese evangelists from school at Tengchow, was the second the various chapels in Peking visit woman member, and she also sat the model penitentiary outside one of

the city gates every Saturday aftcr- Suspicion attached to a little group noon. The chaplain at the prison, of men who were found on the doorwhom the Chinese call "Teacher of step of a chapel. These people, when Morality," is a very earnest Chris- i.nterrogated, declared themselves to tian, a former army officer under be Christians, and the policemen were General Feng, the Christian generaL somewhat nonplused for a moment, When the evangelists come to the because they did not wish to get into prison the prisoners are gathered trouble for arresting Christians, who in their workshops to listen to the were usually supposed to be good peothirty-minute sermon. After the ple. But their native ingenuity came service the preachers are allowed quickly to their rescue, and, ordering to talk freely with individual pris- the suspects into the chapel, they reoners. There are .500 prisoners quested them to conduct a service. and seventy guards, all of whom are The result was so grotesque that the supplied with New Testaments by the yamen runners marched the whole Pocket Testament League. Many are group off to prison without further members of Bible classes and recently delay. seventy-six asked for baptism. That a man is confined in a prison in China Buddhist Nun. Baptized does not necessarily mean that he is a criminaL Many men in the model MISS E. K. SAUNDERS, C. M. S. penitentiary are there for political missionary in Canton, reports reasons, having in some way offended that early last year foul' Buddhist' the "powers that be" in China. nuns, one of whom was an abbess, Others are young men who have been were received into the women's school. led astray. But some of the most Canton. They had heard of Chrisdesperate characters serving a life tianity through the faithful preachsentence in the prison are among ing of a Bible woman working in the those who have been converted.-The country district in which their con- Continent. vent was situated; and when oppor- tunity presented itself these four Hallelujah a Password women came to the school, while three children, who were also being I T has been reported from China in trained as nuns, went to the C. M. S. World Dominion (London) that Victoria Home, Kowloon. Most of when at the end of October General the nuns had been in the convent Feng made himself master of Peking, since babyhood, and had known no a lady who wanted to enter the city other life. "The day they came to was stopped by the soldiers of the us," writes Miss Saunders, "will not "Christian Army." In her perplex- easily be forgotten. Dressed as men, ity a brilliant idea came to her; she their heads closely shaven, strict vegeshouted, "Hallelujah!" and the guard tarians – one wondered how long immediately stood to attention and let would be needed to change the habits her pass. "Those who know the Chi- of years. .'. . On November 23d we nese," comments the narrator, "will had the joy of seeing three of these agree that the story is probably quite women confess Christ's Name in baptrue. There is a serio-comic element tism before a crowded congregation in the Chinese make-up which is al- in our Chinese Church of Our together delightful, and possibly the Saviour." soldiers appreciated the humor of the situation. " Bible Students in Y. M. C. A.

A further illustration of this trait OUT of a total membership of 26,- in Chinese character may be found in 000 in the Y. M. C. A. 's of China, the following story: Some wrong- 17,000 are enrolled in about 1,000 doers were wanted by the Chinese Bible classes. In the City of Hanyamen runners in a certain district. chow there are 2,100 enrolled for

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS 40'1

Bible study, and out of that number military of our city are importing 1,800 attended every session during opium to sell openly on our streets. the year. The ehurches received No one dares raise a voice in protest, 1,300 students from Y. M. C. A. Bible only the Christian Church under its classes for baptism last year. China's foreign protection, but even then the first Y. M. C. A. was formed in Tien- Christians fear persecution at the tsin in 1896, because in those days hands of soldiers. With a mountain that was the only Chinese city with of difficulty like this before us we modern schools. A debating society need to combine our Christian forces, was organized first among a g,roup of and do more than we have. Natustudents. Many of China's leading rally we look with eager eyes for the statesmen today first learned to speak day when our churches at home will in public in this little Y. M. C. A. vision the terrific world need of today The next move was to establish a and unite their forces to combat what Bible class consisting of eight or nine we can never overcome divided as we members. Out of that number the are into so many and often hostile first gave his whole time from 1900 camps." till 1910 to fighting scientifically the opium curse. No.2 became a famous JAPAN.KOREA engineer. Four of the others became the first chairmen of the National Christianity in Japanese Schools Committee and of the Associations in Tientsin, Hongkong and Shanghai TEN years ago nothing seemed resp ectively. more improbable than the opening of the Japanese government schools Cooperation in Szechwan to Christian influence. They were sedulously guarded against all reli- REV. ARCHIBALD G. ADAMS, gious teaching. Today the schools are of the American Baptist Mission openly and gladly accepting Chrisat Kia tin g, Szechwan Province, tian literature. Fourteen hundred of writes to the Christian Century of the them, aU above primary grade, with cooperative missionary work that is an aggregate enrolment of 400,000 being done in that far-inland city: students, are receiving and reading "Three missions, representing as with the full knowledge and consent many denominations and nationalities of their principals some 50,000 copies at work in this one city. have been a month of a Christian paper, the organized into a Christian (;Ouncil fOl: Myojo ("Day Star"), published by over two years, and have clone a h,t the Christian Literature Society of of work together. Besides union Japan. The demand for the papers is meetings once a month, with bi- steadily growing year by year. This monthly communion services to- society has found itself obliged, gether, we have monthly business from sheer lack of funds, to limit its meetings ancl our sub-organizations, efforts to the higher grade schools and like the pastoral and edncational com- some few primary schools who were mittees, have fortnightly meetings. fortunate enough to get on the list. Every year we conduct a union evan- Other appeals come in f.rom many of gelistic campaign. Jail visitation is the more than 25,000 primary schools, done together, evangelistic work dur- but are met with the dishearteningreing heathen festivals is conducted in ply, "impossible." To meet this diffiunison, :fire and famine relief by QO- culty a committee, headed by Bishop operation, publishing sheet tracts is a Tucker of Kyoto, decided to see that union task, and now we are together every primary school in the country inaugurating a campaign against the had at least one chance to read and planting, selling and smoking of consider Christ's message to the opium, which has of late made seri()Us world. This committee has offered to inroads. To line their pockets the send a few copies of the Day St(#" each month to every principal who 5

wishes to read them himself, or to heads of families receive the frandistribute them to his staff. The com- chise. mittee has now completed the first circularization of Japan's 25,000 pri- Gospels for Tokyo Schools mary schools and more than 1,800 applications for the paper have been THE remarkable opportunity that received-an. average of 150 schools came to the National Sundaya month! Clearly a great oppor- school Association of Japan to give tunity is offered and yet the treasury Christian teaching in the public is quite empty. In each of the 25,000 schools of Tokyo was described in the schools is a staff of educated men and REVIEW for May, 1924. Already one women teachers who will mould the hundred schools are supplied with in- (]haracters of the rising generation. structors but they cannot go oftener They can teach only what they know, than once a month. Money to supand the great majority know little of port more secretaries would enable God, and Christianity is a mere hear- more schools to be reached and more say to them. To send the paper to frequently than once a month. Rethese 1,800 schools costs more than cently 12,000 copies of nicely illus- Y90 ($45) per month. The only re- trated Gospels and Acts printed in sources are the regular contributions Japanese were contributed by a of friends who sympathize with this friend through the London Scripture form of mis~ionary endeavor. Gift Mission for distribution among the students in the public schools of Make your check payable to the Tokyo. These were given to the rep- Rev. J. J. Chapman, Treasurer, resentative of the 'Vorld's Sunday- Karasumaru D 0 r i, Shimotachiuri, s c h 0 0 1 Association, H 0 rae e E. Kyoto, Japan. Coleman, the Educational Secretary in Japan, who recently returned to Manhood Suffrage for Japan Japan after having completed his furlough. BOTH Houses of the Japanese Diet passed on March 29 the Universal Memorial to Dr. Hepburn Manhood Suffrage bill by large majorities after heated debates and after AT A meeting of presbytery in a compromise had been reached by Japan in the spring of 1924, the joint committees of both Houses as to late Dr. Uemura told of a man in amendments, thus averting a Cabinet Yok~hama, a classmate of his, whom crisis which had been impending. Dr. Hepburn had befriended and had recommended to a foreign business Both Houses took a standing vote. firm. The young Japanese embezzled In the Upper House there were only and was put in prison. Dr. Hepburn three dissenting votes, but in the helped and trusted him after he was Lower House the Seiyuhonto Party, released, and later he became a in a block, opposed the bill. The suf- wealthy man. The Shiloh Church in frage bill, as passed by the Diet in Yokohama, the first Presbyterian what will be recorded in Japanese church in Japan, which was burned history as an epoch-making session, after the earthquake, is being rebuilt extends the f,ranchise to about 14,- at a cost of $125,000, and $75,000 of 000,000 voters, whereas scarcely more the amount has been given by this than 3,000,000 persons have cast their same man as a memorial to Dr. Hepballots in any previous election in burn. •Japan. As finally adopted, the bill grants the franchise to all male sub- A Missionary Hortienlturist jects of 30 years of age and above, excepting persons who have been con- THE Board of Foreign Missions of victed of crime or are dependent the Presbyterian Church in the for support upon private or public U. S. A. sent D. N. Lutz to Korea in charity. In the case of peers, the 1921 to teach agriculture in connec-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

tion with the Pyengyang College and fields. We confidently expect that Academy. Since his arrival he has this experiment will serve as a wholegiven his time to language study and some ineentive to the other missions, to the study of agricultural conditions. so that eventually we shall have One of the first things to attract his group graded lessons extending horticultural eye was the apple or- throughout the Islands." chards in northern Korea. Twentyfive years ago Dr. Swallen began to Two Missionary Heroines plant apple trees in Pyengyang. Soon the bare hills of the mission compound K USIAE has been for more than became a garden in early spring, and seventy years a famous name in a still more beauteous sight in the records of the efforts made by the autumn. The Koreans were not long American Board to win the South in following our example, especially Sea Islands for Christ. The Misses the church officers. Now scattered Baldwin remain in charge, under the over the province are hundreds of "Woman's Board, though it has been orchards giving much promise for the ,Japanese territory since the war. future. But within late years a dis- They run a boarding school of sixtyease similar to black-rot has threat- five boys and girls, the highest school ened to wipe out these orchards. Mr. in Micronesia, a little coral stone Lutz has given much time to the church, and several chapels. Three study of this disease which be believes quarters of the Kusaiens are Chriscan be controlled. By request he went tians. These two educated, cultured to the country in February and gave womt'n have worked there fourteen practical instruction for four days on years since their last furlough. One the care of trees, and other subjects, sister built the cement reservoir and to fifty farmers. This extension work, a typhoon house for the protection of so valued by the Christian farmers, the school. They have translated and bids fair to become the most pressing printed Scriptures, hymns, and school and possibly the most important part books with type enough to print only of Mr. Lutz's work. one page at a time. They have never taken a dollar of salary, and have ISLANDS OF THE SEA even paid many of the expenses of the work themselves. Their spirit in Filipino Graded S. S. Lessons their work is shown in the following quotation: F OR the first time in the history of Sunday-school work in the Philip- W'hoever comes here must not be simply pine Islands, group g;raded lessons a teacher. They must be those who love have been printed in the Tagalog Christ and their work for Him so much tha.t dialect. Rev. A. L. Ryan, representa- they are not oppressed by the isolation. We tive of the World's Sunday School never think of it for we love the people Association and also General Secre- and have so many things that we have to tary of the Philippine Islands Sun- do that there is no time left to be lonely. day School Union, in sending to headquarters copies of the lessons for Hawaiian Prohibition Debate the first six months of 1925, wrote: "This is a small beginning, but we EIGHT students, representing hope that it is an omen of better and eight races in Hawaii, recently larger things to follow. The special competed in an oratorical contest on children's lessons on the group the subject of Prohibition, which atgraded plan are already meeting with tracted wide attention and interest. a very favorable response from both The first prize, $100, was won by missionaries and Filipino workers. Francis Sato, a Japanese, whose sub- These two J oumals in Tagalog and ject was, "Why the Prohibition Law Ilocano are used in the Methodist, Will Stand." To Kim Fau Chong, a Presbyterian and United Brethren Chinese, was awarded the second prize of $50 given by the W. C. T. U. for an oration entitled "World-Wide

Prohibition. " The third prize was prevented as .far as possible, that comwon by Dorothy Anderson, who spoke bined action of the states should dis- on "Prohibition's Challenge to Amer- courage hasty marriages across the icans. " It consisted of $25 given by state border, that the fee system of the service men through the army and marriage licenses should be abolished navy Y. M. C. A. The contest re- and licenses issued by salaried officeived wide publicity in the news- cials, that better requirements should papers, and the Star-Bulletin com- be made in proof of age and greater mented : "As always, this contest care exercised in the scrutiny of affivividly illustrates the poly-racial citi- davits, and-a very important prozenship of Hawaii and the brightest vision-that there should be a promise o·f Hawaii's youth. Looking harmonizing of the different state at the names of the speakers one sees laws in which a minimum age is rerepresentatives of Anglo-Saxon, Por- quired. "The minimum marriageable tuguese, Hawaiian, Japanese and age, " says the report, "should not be Chinese blood. All of them are stu- lower than the minimum working age, dents at territorial high schools or and the compulsory school attendance academies. One question asked by age should fit into both these others. " almost every tourist is, 'Do you think that the young Orientals here can be Interdenominational Conference made into good American citizens ~' The answer ,is clear to anyone who at- THE third annual conference of the tended the oratorical contest." Interdenominational Foreign Mis- sion Association of North America is NORTH AMERICA to be held from ,Jnly 215th to August 10th, inclusive, at Stony Brook, Long C.hild Marriages in ADlerica Island, New York. Further informa- tion may be had from Rev. Joseph B. T HAT there are now in the United Davis, 113 Fulton Street, New York. States close to 700,000 persons who This Association, of which Dr. Henry were married when they were under W. Frost is president, includes foursixteen years of age or were married teen independent, evangelical misto children under sixteen, is the ap- sions, working in Africa, South palling fact brought out by recent in- America, Central America, China, vestigations made under the direction India and Ceylon, and Japan. Their of the Russell Sage Foundation. The total annual incomes were approxi- Foundation has just completed a mately $1,500,000 last year. They study of the whole problem of child support over 1,700 missionaries who marriages which extended into 90 are working among about 43,000,000 cities and towns, and reports are now non-Christians. In a large number being issued which discuss the details of these fields, pioneer work is carried of the problem and present construc- on among peoples unreached by other tive proposals for remedying the evangelical agencies. situation. According to these reports the worst conditions exist in small Student Y. M. C. A. Declaration towns and ;rural districts. THE following statement of the First among the remedies proposed purpose of the Student Associaby the Foundation's report are the tions, which was adopted at the Inpassing and enforcement of a mini- ternational Convention of 1922, is the mum marriageable age law. The re- basis on which over 700 StUdent Asport says that this should not be less sociations are carrying on their work. than sixteen, whereas in many states Membership in a College Association it is still at twelve. Other proposals shall be limited to those who declare are that five days' notice should be themselves to be in sympathy with .required of intention to marry-a re- this statement of purpose, and willing quirement now made in eight states~ to make it their personal program of that the exploitation and commercial- allegiance and service. ization of marriages should be

1925J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

1. To lead students to faith in God Interracial Student Groups A through Jesus Christ. 2. To lead them into membership and N INTERESTING feature of the service in the Christian Church. Interracial Movement in the 3. To promote their growth in Christian South has been the organization of Faith and Cha.raeter, especially through the interracial student gcroups in a num- study of the Bible and Prayer. ber of college centecrs, by which white 4.T'o influence them to devote themselves and colored students are brought toin united effort with all Christians to mak- gether at regular intervals for the ing the will of Christ efl'eetive in human exchange of views and the promotion society, and to extending the Kingdom of of understanding. The results have God throughout the world.

been gratifying in every case. Mis- ANAn Information Service apprehensions have been cleared up, INFORMATION service for knowledge has taken the place of foreigners has been established at rumor and preconception, and con- 119 West Forty-first Street, New fidence and goodwill have supplanted York, to! "interpret America to the suspicion and prejudice. The followimmigrant to America." This serv- ing story shows how the plan works: ice cooperates with clubs, libraries, At an early meeting this year of the sO<Jial settlements, churches, societies Atlanta group, made up of students and other agencies by supplying them f.rom three white and three colored (at ten dollars a year) with bulletins colleges, the question of higher eduon la,ws affecting aliens, American cation for Negroes was raised. One customs and with other helpful in- white student very frankly said that formation. A monthly "Interpreter" he did not believe in it; he thought is also published, containing articles it unnecessary and undesirable. He and stories relating to the foreign- was asked to bring in at the succeedborn and an "Editorial Digest" of ing meeting a paper in support of his articles from the foreign language view, while a colored student was press in America. Among the bul- asked to prepare a pap& on the other letins published are those dealing side. With much interest the group with immigration bills, the quotas, looked forward to the expected denaturalization, .requirements for im- bate. At the next meeting of the commigrants, schools for immigrant stu- mittee, the white student was called dents, Easter, Thanksgiving and upon for his paper. He replied, "I Christmas customs, etc. These papers haven't any. When I began to look are a great help in promoting into the subject, I found I was Wholly friendly understanding between mistaken. My views are completely Americans and their foreign-born changed."

brothers and sisters.

Jewish-ChristiaD Communion T C New York Lutheran Unity HRISTIANS of all denominations HE New York ministerium, the were invited by the Hebrew New York synod, and the evan- Christian Alliance of Chicago to en- gelical synod of New York and New joy a unique communion service in England, the three bodies in which the Auditorium of the Moody Bible the various Lutheran churches of the Jnstitute on "Holy Thursday," April state of New York are' gathered, 9, 1925, at 7: 45 P. M. Rev. Solomon have agreed upon a tentative consti- Birnbaum, president of the Chicago tion for a merger. The constitution branch of the Hebrew Christian Alliis to be sent to the pastors of the 365 ance and director of the Jewish Mis- Lutheran churches that are members sions course at the Moody Bible of the three present bodies. After a Institute was to preside, and ad- period of study it will be voted on. dresses were to be delivered by Rev.

If adopted, the merger will be com- Max L Reich, the Alliance president, pleted. and Rev. James M. Gray, D.D., presi-

dent of the Institute. The Institute ing it. According to Rev. W. A. choir furnished special music and Squires, director of ,""1eek-day Re- Hebrew and Gentile Christians to- ligious Instruction of the Presbygether surrounded a communion terian Board of Christian Education, table. from 85 to 100 per cent of public school pupils are enrolled in week-day Buddhists in Salt Lake City religious schools when permission is given to have them during public F rYE thousand Japanese in the school hours. If the religious schools intermountain dist,rict of Idaho, must be held after the other school Wyoming, Nevada and Utah, find has been dismissed, the attendance is their rallying place in Salt Lake much smaller. Catholics, Jews and City. This, the center of Mormon Protestants in most communities unite domination, is also the home of a mag- in giving this extra religious instrucnificent Buddhist temple, and is the tion. center for Buddhist activity for the four states. Rev. K. Tajima, Presby- Training Indian Leaders terian missionary, traveled a total of 1,500 miles last year by automobile, THE Tucson I n d ian Training train, horseback and by foot. In a School, conducted by the Presbyvillage 10,000 feet above sea level in terian Board of National Missions at an isolated district he found a Sun- Escuela, Arizona, has an enrollment day-school .pupil who sang lustily, this year of eighty-four girls and "Oh, how I love Buddha, 011, how I seventy-eight boys. "Our normal love Buddha, because he first loved capacity," writes :Mr. Walker, "is me." A Japanese Buddhist said, seventy-five boys and seventy-five "The children of the intermountain girls. So we are overcrowded. But states will be Christians if the Chris- it is hard to turn boys and girls away tian Church wants them." Even when they come begging to be re- Buddhist parents want their children ceived, and their rejection means that in Christian Sunday-schools.-The they are denied all opportunity for Continent. self-improvement. One feels Eke an executioner when he turns down such Week.Day Religions Education pleas, but· this has been necessary in more than a score of cases this year. " E FFORTS are being made in seven He continues: "The impact which states by all denominations to this school has made upon these Inmake it possible for public school au- dians was gloriously demonstrated in thorities to dismiss classes so that a four-day camp meeting which I atpupils whose parents wish it may re- tended. I have never heard such good ceive religious instruction in the singing, such prompt and numerous church of their choice during school responses in testimonies of Christian hours. This plan of week-day church experience . . . . .. The mental capacschools is in operation in twenty-three ity of the Indians there ,vas. best states on public school time. In cer- shown by the Indian interpreters. tain other states, however, legal au- They would listen to a sermon given thorities have declared that school in English and after a thirty-minute boards and officials do not have au- sermon had been finished they would thority to dismiss pupils for such in- give it in Indian hardly omitting a struction. Bills therefore have been single detail." presented in the legislatures of Pennsylvania, California, Washington, Chinese Lose Faith Here Idaho, North Dakota, Indiana and Oklahoma, seeking to remedy this THE importance of winning for situation and to permit such use of Christ the Ori,mtal students who public school time if the denomina- are in this country has peen emphations in the communities unite in ask- sized recently in the REVIEW. A new

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

view of the question, to the effect that tricts almost untouched by Spanish Chinese Christian students lose their civilization or the Roman Catholic faith while in the United States, is religion. In one section he counted given in a widely quoted dispatch to tribes speaking five distinct dialects the Boston Transcript from a corres- and fe,w of these people could under- pondent in Peking, China. He quotes stand Spanish. In another dist,rict Y. M. C. A. secretaries and church were a good many villages, inhabited workers in that capital as so discour- solely by the descendants of African aged on account of the effect of Amer- slaves, and most of these were "as ican church life on Chinese studying black as any Negroes who ever picked in this country that "they are con- cotton on a Southern plantation."

sidering the desirability of working at home rather than abroad during Work for Mexican Cavelllen R the years immediately ahead." It is EV. E. B. VARGAS, presiding elder of the Chihuahua District, reported as the consensus of opinion among missionaries in Peking "that Mexico, under the M. E. Church far more students go to the United South, writes: "For some time the States as Christians and return non- District of Chihuahua has been feel- Christians than leave China non- ing keenly the need of opening work Christian and return Christian." A among the Indians. They number graduate of Hartford Theological something like from thirty to forty Seminary, Mr. C. S. Chang, at pres- thousand and live just like the wild ent working in Peking, is quoted as men of centuries ago. Due to the saying that it would be difficult for shortage of money in the Mission him to name ten young returned stu- Board, we were not able to start the dents in the Peking district who are work last yeacr after the Conference taking active part in Chinese Chris- adjourned at Saltillo, as it was neces- tian enterprises. sary to employ two workers instead of one. But we knew that the Lord was LATIN AMERICA able to help, and so we prayed ear- Touring in Southern Mexico nestly that he would open the way, and during our district conference in A T THE annual meeting of the Chihuahua, we met to pray over the Mexico Mission of the Southern matter, and the workers determined Presbyterian Church, Rev. Mr. Wil- to open the field of their own account. liamson told of riding many days on 'Ve immediately secured a Mexican horseback through his territory, a Christian lady to start a small school large part of the state of Guerrero. in the mountains and to visit the caves On one trip with an agent of the where the Indians live, as preliminary American Bible Society, the supply of work which will be carried on until Bibles, tracts and Scriptucre portions we are able to intensify this mission. was exhausted long before they ary activity." reached all of the villages they had planned to visit. Nearly everywhere Brazilian Sunday-Schools they were warmly received. In many places seed sown many years ago was I N Brazil, the Sunday-school is for bearing fruit, though in some in- the whole Church, men, women, stances sadly in need of watering. young people and children, and it is One congregatioIli had not been vis- more and more coming to be consid- ited in more than twenty years. At ered as the Church engaged in the another place a man eagerly procured study of God 's Word. It is also being a copy of the New Testament and increasingly looked upon as the said, "This is the book my father told Church's greatest agency for evan- me about and wanted for many years, gelizing the whole country. Herbert but died without being able to find." S. Harris of the World's Sunday Mr. Williamson passed through dis- S~hool Association recently said: "I

attended in Sao Paulo, the inaugura- shown by certain Indian tribes, goes tion of the ninth branch Sunday- on to describe this strange state of school opened by one of the leading affairs: "In other parts of Central city churches. In a small town in the America there are other Indian state of Minis Geraes, country-seat of tribes, less hostile perhaps, but a large district, the only church exist- equally pagan in their belief and outing there has a definite policy of evan- look. Even among the 'Christian' gelizing the entire district through the Indians the greatest confusion pre- Sunday-school. It has eight branch vails. Th'e worship of the sun goes schools scattered over leagues of ter- hand in hand with an external obritory, to which the young men helpers servance of Roman Catholic cerego out on Sund~y mornings, usually monies. A traveler actually saw, in on horseback, each one riding from a Guatemala town, an impromptu one to several hours a Sunday to care altar erected on the very steps of the for this important work. We are Roman Catholic church, where a seeking to feature and promote this pagan Indian priest was burning intype of work wherever possible, but cense to the sun. The worshipers find in Brazil as everywhere, that the went on into the church when their great need is the preparation of more sun-worship was over and paid their and better trained teachers." homage to the saints within."

The Bible in. Costa Rica EUROPE M RS. H. S. STRACHAN writes Spanish Protestants Unite from San Jose, Costa Rica: "The students in their vacation evan- AN INTERNA.TIONAlj Spanish gelistic work have been richly blessed Evangelization committee has of God. In one place where two of been formed in London, consisting of them were selling Bibles and talking representatives of the seventeen Protto a group of people the prlf'st came estant missions now carrying on work along and entered into an aqul1l.?nt in Spain. These missions are prowith them. They were able to allSWi'1' jected from England, Scotland, Irehim so wisely, ,refuting his arguments land, France, Hollaud, Germany, from the Word, that he finally re- Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Switzermembered he had an engagement, and land and the United States. Through left rather hurriedly. The feeling of the new committee they hope to cothose present was all in favor of ibe operate in support of the Federation two evangelicos with their books, but of Evangelical Churches in Spain. the immediate outcome was that a "In a country where evangelical teacher who heard the discussion rode work is so small," says the Christian after the boys to get a Bible f.rom Cenhtry, "every m 0 v e, however them and got the only one they had slight, toward an amalgamation of the left. She is now in San Jose and pro- Protestant forces must be hailed with fesses to be deeply interested in read- delight. It is said that churches of ing the Bible. She is one of a group Presbyterian, Wesleyan, Anglican, of rather remarkable women who are Lutheran and American Methodist the intellectual leaders here in the antecedents are included in the new capital. God has given us many links body." with others of that group and we have always felt it was for a special pur- The McAll Mission at Nice pose. " THIS long-established evangelical Worship Both Sun and Saints agency in France is represented at Nice by Pasteur Malan, who writes: ALATIN – AMERICAN Christian, "We have had many encouragements writiug in the Life of Faith of in all branches of the work; a second the hostility to missionary effort meeting on Sunday evening has been begun. Our audiences are very cos-

NEWS FROM M-","NY LANDS

mop?litan, including French, Italians, land help in the undertaking with faithful prayer. " Brltlsh, Dutch, Danes, Norwegians, Poland's Y. M. C. A. Swedes, Poles and Russians. Many THE formal transfer of the Y. M. are only on the wing, but we trust C. A. in Poland from American to that not a few take away with them Polish administration, which took place rceently in the Warsaw Y. M. precious seeds of truth that will C. A. building, was the occasion for a memorable ceremony, attended by the mature even to eternal life. Whether President of Poland and many other of its notable citizens. Paul Super, in the meetings for mothers and girls, National Secretary for Poland, says: "After the Great War the American the schools, the evening Bible classes Y. M. C. A. conducted work for the Polish Army at nearly a hundred or general meetings, always one feels points, employing in this work fifty- two American secretaries and expendthe same spirit of brotherhood. I do ing $1,700,000. All this war work has, of course, been diflcontinued and not know Choonwfeirtenisceelissewthheere~rdbeurt at the enterprise now is on a civilian Nice the of basis officered and directed by Poles. The name of the Association in Poland the day, everywhere and among all is, in common parlance, 'Polska Y. M. C. A.' and more formally 'Zwiaclasses, among working men and zek Mlodziezy Chrzescijanskiej.' It begins its new status with some 7,500 idlers. Here, the cooperation of the members in Heventeen cities and many thousands of friends in government, pastors of Nice is assured to us; in university, civil and military circles. Seven American secretaries remain in the hall of La Missionaire Populaire Poland as technical advisors and in- structors in the work of the Associathey all meet fraternally, which is a tion, loaned as an expression of the cooperation of the American Y. M. good thing in itself and which pro- C. A. with the Polish movement."

cures for us a splendid variety of Czech Clerical COlnpromise speakers. " , SOME of the religious and political problems with which Czecho- Swedish Royal Proclamation Slovakia is struggling were described in the March REVIEW. The situation F OR the first time since the kings was considerably complicated by a of Sweden began to issue their an- recent "pastoral letter" issued by nual thanksgiving messages, three Slovak bishops. This forbade Roman hundred and eighty-one years ago, Catholics from joining Socialist and the proclamation of King Gustaf is other clubs, which were called" antibeing widely circulated throughout religious." Inasmuch as the Socialists the entire civilized world. The cause comprise the largest political party in is that this year the royal message is the country, bnt have admitted cle,ridevoted to the Universal Christian cals into the present coalition govern- Conference on Life and Work in ment, it looked for a time as though Stockholm next August. The history the action of the bishops would force of this annual message dates back to the end of the coalition, and a strug- 1544, 'when the King of Sweden is- gle for control of the government on s~ed, for the first time, a proclama- a straight clericalism issue. The clertlOn to the nation fixing special ~undays for thanksgiving and pen- Itence. The enUre document is read on New Year's day from all pulpits of the Kingdom. This year's proclamation, after naming four Sundays for special observance, continues: "With the object that the Spirit of Christ should reIgn more fully in the hearts of men and ~n the lives of peoples, chosen representahves from the greater part of Christendom will gather in Stockholm after profound preparations during several'years, for the Universal Christian Conference on Life and Work, in August, 1925 if so be God '8 will. The Lord make His face shine upon the meeting so that the way may be dIscerned and the will strengthened with one accord to walk in the way of love. May the Church and congregation of Christ in onr

icals, to restore peace, now agree to a South African Campaign lessening of the number of Roman EARLY in February there began Catholic holidays and admit the right in Bloemfontein a united misof the Government to prosecute such sionary campaign for South Africa. priests as may attempt to, enfGrce the The itinerary as arranged was to bishops' pastoral. The Government, carry the campaign into most o,f the on the other hand, agrees not to, prGse- larger towns in the four provinces of cute the bishops for having published the union, during the months of Febthe letter, since those ecclesiastics ruary, March, April, May and June. make public a statement that they In July it will pass into, Rhodesia. had no, disloyal intentions in so, dGing. "If this tremendous opportunity be taken advantage of to the full," says AFRICA the South African Outlook, "these Bureau of African Languages six months may co,me to be looked back upo,n as the beginning of a new AT THE January meeting of the era in our land." All the principal International Missionary Coun- churches are taking part in the cam· cil, J. H. Oldham presented a minute paign, which announces as i~s twofold adopted December 5, 1924, by the aim: "First, that every Christian in Standing Committee of the Confer- South Africa should have a new ence of Missionarv Societies in Great vision of his 0,1' her vocation which is Britain and Ireland, transmitting to surely first and foremost to be a witthe Council the following resolution ness by life and work and word to the adopted by a meeting of representa- Lord Jesus Christ, and second that tives o,f so,cieties working in Africa each may receive a renewed will, and which had been held in London tlJ indnement of the Spirit, to fulfill this consider the possibility of forming splendid obligation and trust." a Bureau o,f Airican Languages and Literature in London. The leaders of the campaign are stressing the Christian aspects of the This meeting is of opinion that the prob- ;race problem. They say: lems arising from the multiplicity of Af· rican Languages demand the attention of There is need that this Obligation be the Missionary Societies working there. brought home to all of us in a new way- We desire, in view of the many interests to our young children in their attitude involved in the situation to suggest con- towards their native nurses, to our school sideration of the formation of an African boys and s,rhoo girls in their spirit and man- Language and Literature Bureau – effi- ner of speaking of, and to, the other raee, ciently staffed and with an office in London to mistresses towards their servants in the –in which. Governments, Missionary Soci- hon1e, to farm;ers, store keepers, merchants, eties, Scientific Societies, Literature Soci· manufactnrers, toward their native em· eties, Chambers of Commerce and others ployes. We cannot be loyal to Christ unless might cooperate. we accept, not the world's', nor the average We commend the matter to the attention South African's, but His, standard.

of the Societies and suggest that the secre- taries consult with the Mission Houses as to Luella Christians Bnild Church the possibility of financial support for sueh proposals. ANEW evangelistic administration building has been completed dur- And we request that this resolution be ing the past year by the So,uthern communicated to the officers of -the Inter· national Missiona,ry Council with a view to Presbyterian Mission at Luebo, in the raising the matter with the American and Continental Societies working in Africa. Belgian Congo. This contains offices fo,r business purposes, a room for the It was agreed to, receive this resolu- local session and an assembly ro,om tion with sympathy and interest and fo,r evangelistic meetings. A new to autho,rize the officers to explore the church building has also been erected, possibilities of organizing such a a handsome brick st,ructure, which bureau and to confer with the Mission the natives call a "temple." Mr.

B,oards co,ncerned and with other in- Crane says of this building, "the con- terested bodies. struction of Solomon's temple was at-

NEWS ]'HOM MANY LANDS

tended by scarcely less enthusiasm the white men, and when you do not than the construction of this building. listen to what we bring you from It seats about seven hundred people. Jesus Christ l' Thus he drove the The whole enterprise was initiated message home." and financed by the natives, not one cent of foreign money having been Fa.ith Cure in Madaga.scar given for its construction." The total THE National Geographic Society contributions of the LUE'bo Church has issued from its headquarters for the year was about 31,500 francs, in Washington a bulletin on the subequal to more than $3,000 of our ject of Madagascar, which it says, is money. In addition to this about ,; the scene of one of the most success- 1,000 francs has been subscribed for ful mIssIonary activities in the the erection of another church on the world." "There are about 3,500,000 station compound. Luebo station has inhabitants in Madagascar," says the suffered even more than the other sta- bulletin "and fully 500,000 – one tions from the exodus of laborers to seventh'of the entire population-are the railway labor camps and will suf- estimated to be at least nominal Chrisfer in the future from the large in-. tians. The remaining 3,000,000 crease in the wages that wm have to Malagasies constitute a rich field for be paid to native laborers on account further Christian work, for many of of this railroad competition. them are intelligent and nearly all are A Zulu Sermon peaceful. But among the less intelli- gent natives there is a vast amount of REV. F. B. BRIDGMAN, of the superstition and a complex welter of American Board, says that many pagan practices. Most of the pagans of his Zulu helpers are "born preach- among the Malagasies believe in a ers. " and tells the following incident Supreme Being, but with the adcli- to illustrate the statement: "One day tional idea. that His contact with the I went with an evangelist, Zakeu, to world is through the countless ances- conduct a service. There was a noisy tors of the race. SOUle tribes have war dance going on near by, and it adopted fatalism from Arab sources.

was' up to' Zakeu to catch the atten- Some pray to the sun and moon and tion of the crowd. How would you stars. One pagan sect abominates preach the Gospel under such circum- medicine and witch doctors. Its fol- stances 7 Zakeu said: 'Men, I as I lowers believe that disease springs came in yonder gate I saw a baboon, from seeds sowed like tares in a field a pet belonging to the compound man- by devils, and that faith alone will ager. I walked up and said, "Good cure. Another interesting ten e t morning, Mr. Baboon." The baboon among these people is that those who sat up and appeared to say, "Good do not pray and work will suffer morning, sir." I threw a stone, and famine; and as a result the followers the baboon threw a stone. I walked of the sect are among the best workers hack and forth, and the baboon walked and constitute one of the most pros- back and forth. I made a grimace, perous groups of the islanders."

and the baboon made a grimace. I scratched my head, and the baboon Nationa.lism in Mosle:m Pa.rley I scratched his head. Then I said, T IS announced from Cairo that the All-Islam conference which "Mr. Baboon, you are a man! You can do anything I can do! " You are was to bave been held in that city in angry when the white men call you April to settle the question of the baboons; and yet are you not living Caliphate has been postponed for the life of baboons when you are not twelve months. The postponement is recognizing what God has put in you regarded as equivalent to abandon- that is divine, and when you do not ment of the project. Even Egyptian take what God has sent you through politicians are now busy showing how

indifferent they are to the proposed process of enlargement and adaptameeting, although it was called, with tion ; the beginnings of a microbiothe probable idea of settling King logical and bio-chemical laboratory Fuad in the vacant office. The whole and some lecture rooms. The teachsituation serves to, show that the pre- ing activity at present is confined to vailing spirit of nationalism is being three professors, lecturing six hours felt as much within Islam as in other a week. Lectures are given free in parts of the world, and that the bonds the late afternoon, and the students, of that faith are not strong enough to about 100, are drawn in the main bring men together in the face of from the school teacher class. The their nationalistic suspicions of one subjects taught are Palestinian Toanother.-The Christian Century. pography; an introduction to the Talmud, and Biblical versions and THE NEAR EAST elementary Greek."

Artnenian Prays for Turks Bahai Preacher Baptized WHILE Rev. W. P. Hancock was BISHOP LINTON, of Persia, in Basrah, en route to his station writes that when he was preachat Hamadan, he saw two Turks bap- ing in Yezd at Whitsuntide, a Bahai tized, and ,received out of Islam into preacher who was present was much the Christian Church on confession of impressed, and went home and read their faith. The most impressive part the gospels. "One day," says the of the service was when Dr. Van Ess Bishop, "as he was reading Luke 9: invited an old Armenian convert of (iI, the words, 'Ilord, I will follow the mission to corne up and offer Thee, but first let me say farewell,' prayer for the two kneeling Turks. got right home to him. He decided The Armenian then walked to the to come to see me, but I was at back of the church and led a group Isfahan, 205 miles away. He set out who knew Turkish in singing, "0 on a bicycle, without saying farewell happy day that fixed my choice on to his wife, because of our Lord's thee, my Saviour and my God." words. He had a puncture after go- ing twenty miles and had no repair Hebrew University in Jerusaletn outfit with him, so he walked fifty miles more. At last he had to return, THE Institute of Jewish Studies of partly because his feet were swollen the Hebrew University was opened and partly because the guards turned in Jerusalem in January. The prin- him back. So he came back to Yezd. cipal address was made by Dr. J. L. At Yezd he got the repair outfit and Magnes, formerly rabbi and head of started once more. He did not say the Jewish community in New York farewell to his wife, but he made ar- City, but now administrative head of rangement with C. M. S. Mission to the Institute. The university itself support his wife during his absence. was formally inaugurated at a cere- Then he cycled seventy miles, but mony conducted on April 1st by Lord again he had a bad puncture. At last Balfour, in the presence of many dis- he got a seat in the post wagon to tinguished representatives of Euro- Isfahan. There he received instrucpean and American universities. The tion from me and was baptized in the New York Tt·mes spoke of this in- presence of several Moslems. He is au!!,uration as being "important now in Yezd in his old school and mainly as an appeal to the Jewish boldly witnessing for Christ." world to help this meagre beginning to develop into something more im- GENERAL posing . . . All that the Hebrew University now has to show is a site World Christian Endeavor on Mount Scopus, the northern extension of the Mount of Olives, with I N CONNECTION with the fortysome buildings-formerly a private fourth anniversary of its foundhouse built by Sir 'John Grayhill-in ing, the World's Christian Endeavor

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Union reports the following figures, Dr. Frederick Lynch, chairman of which are quoted in the Christian the Committee on Ecumenical Con- CentttrY: "Great Britain, with 4,506 ference of the Federal Council of societies and more than 150,000 mem- Churches of Christ in America, anbers ranks next to the United States nounces: "The Protestant commuin Christian Endeavor statistics. nions in all countries have officially Third in the number of societies is appointed their delegates and the five Australia, where everyone of the six hundred are making their plans to go. states is well organized, and where '1'he enthusiasm in Great Britain is as mammoth conventions indicate the great as in America, while the great deep interest in the movement. Soci- Lutheran bodies of Scandinavia are eties in New Zealand and Tasmania making preparations on a lavish scale are united with Australia in the to entertain the whole conference." Australasian union. Germany follows Australia with 1,453 societies, an Achievement. of Protestantis:m increase of 142 over last year. The German union employs five field I Na recent address by the President secretaries and seven provincial secre- of the Protestant Federation of taries. There are some 2,000 Chris- Victoria, Australia, he stated the foltian Endeavor societies in China, lowing points gained by Protestantism about 1,200 in India, and hundreds of as against the declared policy of the others in Japan and Korea. Some of Papacy: the largest societies in the world are reported from central Africa, while 1. No nation today would enforce the, in· the Boers have a strong union in quisition policy of torture and burning. South Africa, and the English-speaking union in the same region is very 2. No nation would recognize the Pope's vigorous. ' , right to dethrone its rulers.

World Conference in Stockholm 3. In no country would the Pope dare to release people from allegiance to their THE first announcement in the rulers. REVIEW of the Universal Christian Conference on Life and Work, to be 4. No nation a.ccepts Pope Leo, XIII's held in Stockholm August 9-30, 1925, dodrine that it i, a crime to grant equal was made in the August, 1924, issue. rights to all religions. The first plan for this great gathering dates back to 1920. The interna- 5. No country would send an army to tional committee which has arranged maintain t,he Pope's temporal power, as the program decided in 1922 that it France and Austria did in the past. should include the following groups of subjects: 6. No Pope tol1ay would dare to lay an interdict upon a conntry for the supposed (1) The Church's Obligation in View of offences of its rulers as they did in other God's Purpose for the World. days.

(2) The Church and Economic aJld In- "While these statements are true," dustrial Problems. the speaker said, "it is also true that Rome is not working today with six- (3) The Church and Sodal and Moral teenth-century methods. Her aims Problems. are the same today as in that gloomy age, but her methods of achieving (4) 'l'he Chmch and International Re- them are strictly up-to-date. Many lations. thought Rome would lose out when the Great War was flnished because of (5) The Church .and Christian Educa- her pro-German attitude; but the real tion. facts go to prove that she is in a stronger position in Europe today (6) Methods of Cooperative and Federa- than she was before the war. She is tive Efforts by the Christian Communions. losing extensively in some quarters, but gaining tremendously in others. These reports have already been The influence of the Vatican in the prepared, each being the work of a world of politics was never great~r commission of experts and thoroughly than it is today, even though France revised by an editorial committee. is talking of withdrawing its repre- sentative at the Vatican."

NOTE,-Any books mentioned in these columns will be sent on receipt of price.-THE

Fifty Years in Foreign Fields, China, the receipts were $207,075 and the Japan, India, Arabia. Mrs. W. 1. Cham· berlain. Illustrated, maps, xv, 292 pp. missionaries numbered sixty. $2.00. ""ew York. 192,5. One of the best features of the The gifted wife of the Sec,retary of the l<'oreign Mission Board of the Re- volume must have caused the author formed Church in America has done a difficult piece of work in a very much thought-it consists of the sumcreditable manner. She has given her Church and the general reading pub- maries which follow the detailed lic this concise and interesting record of the personnel and achievements of statements of each decade of achievefifty years (1875 to 1925) of varied service in foreign mission fields, ren- ment. There are a large number of dered by the women of her Church. Many writers would either have half-tone pictures of important buildpenned a stupid chronicle of fifty yea,rs, or would have selected a few ings and scores of portraits of promibright stars in their missionary galaxy, a few pieces of exceptionally in- nent missionaries-incidentally these teresting work, a dozen of their most successful stations, which would have latter reveal the changes in woman's given a wrong impression. Each task has its shadows, as well as its bursts fashions by decades. Full as the of light and glory. Mrs. Chamber- volume is of information, we wish that Mrs. Chamberlain had given some summary of special missionary families, tha.t have given many of their members to the mission field.

The history is a semi-de luxe volume, evidencing faithful research and a happy emergence from the dust of archives to a living setting of jewels of that small but remarkably mission- ary church. H. P. B.

lain has given us a fairly complete Catholic Medical Missions. Edited and record of the years preceding their compiled bcy Floyd Keeler. Illustrated. Jubilee, with de t a i I s enough to 222 pp. $2.50. New York. 1925.

awaken real interest. We do not re- This brief survey of Roman Cathocall any history of the missions of lie and Protestant Medical Missions any church in which this method has is issued to educate American Cathobeen more successfully followed. lies who practically began their inde- The story is an important one. It pendent work for foreign mission begins with the clarion call of the lands five years ago. Though during China pioneer, David Abeel, fostered half a decade their "general mission by Mrs. T. C. Doremus. The founda- idea here in the United States has tions were laid on which anticipatory g,rown and spread one thousand per societies and auxiliaries did their cent," and while a goodly number of faithful work for half a century be- evangelistic and educational workers fore the Society was formally organ- are already on the field, medical misized. The formal history from this sions are taking their first steps in the point is treated by decades and Mis- pathway of rapid extension. The sions, so one may easily find what one Catholic medical missions treated is seeking in a given field or period. here are mainly an a.ccount of what The beginnings were small, with less the older European missions have than $2,900 received in 1875 and only done in Eastern Asia, India and six missionaries sent out, but succeed- Africa. But the volume is forward ing decades advanced until in 1924 looking and makes definite requests 414

THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY

for aid in "proposed institutions," bravery accepted by the knights of sixteen of them in the India chapter, the Middle Ages. It is refreshing to read such a tale of virile Christianity for instance. as an antidote to the trashy and low standard popular fiction of the pres- This volume is in substance a re- ent day.

port of progress of investigations Religion in Russia Under the Soviets. BishOp Richard J. Cooke. 12 mo. 311 pp. made afield by Monsignor Joseph J. $2.00. New York.

McGlinchey, D.D., and three other Bishop Cooke of the Methodist Episcopal Church is more temperate Fathers, to the Medical Mission in his characterizations of Soviet anti- religious activities than is Captain Board of the Catholic Hospital ~t.sso­ McCullaugh in his volume on the "Bolshevist Persecution of Chrisciation of the United States and Can- tianity. " The Methodist Bishop de- scribes briefly, but clearly, the prinada which began to be effective in cip~l events in the Russian Orthodox Church from 1917 to 1924. After 1922-23. The chapter on" Non-Cath- presenting the historic background of the present struggle, he tells of the olic Medical Missions" shows how J30lshevist attacks on the Church, the Reign of Terror, the effort to establish strong an argument is derived from a Soviet church and the anti-religious laws and propaganda of the Com- Protestant Missions. Pages 46-55 munist Party. Bishop Cooke believes that Russia will live to be a powerful present an argument familiar to state; that the Orthodox Church will survive and be purified and that if Protestants but new to Romanists. the Soviet Government is to survive it must change radically, so as to be- Since the Church forbids those in come more enlightened and less radical. Holy Orders to practioo medicine or Stewardship for All of Life. Luther E. surgery, except under rigid restric- Lovejoy. 12 mo. 144 pp. 75 cents. New York. 1924. tions, and whe,re justified by extraor- We hold in trust, not only money dinary conditions, it is not surprising and talents, but life itself. There- fore, Dr. Lovejoy rightly urges the to read that hundreds of Roman devotion of the physical and mental life, social instincts, business abilities Catholic missionaries would be alive and all resources to the service of God. This is a comprehensive and today, if they could have had recourse practically helpful text-book in the Life and Service Series. to ordinary and efficient medical Japan from Within. J. Ingram Bryan, service. Incidentally, it is interesting M.A., M.Litt., Ph.D. 228 pp. New York. 1924. to no,te that the author is a convert This is a thoughtful inquiry into from the Protestant E pis cop a 1 the political, industrial, commercial, financial, agricultural, military and mCihsusirconh~rya,ndDrt.hMeiar rgleaaredti ng medical educational conditions of mode.rn Lamont, is Japan. The author has had excep- tional opportunities for acquiring a converted medical missionary with a quarter of a century's experience in Asia. H. P. B.

The Two of Us in Africa. Dide M. Ritten- house. 8 vo. 219 pp. $1.50. New York. 1925.

In fine spirit, though in some places with large demands on credulity, the author of this race-relations story tells how two little girls, black and white, came to understand one another in Africa. It is a pleasing story that children will enjoy and one from which they will learn that character counts more than color and training is more decisive than birth. In Christ all races are united.

God Wills It. William Stearns Davis. 8 vo. 552 pp. $1.50. New York.

'fhis republished story of the Crusades is full of romance and thrilling adventure in harmony with the ideals of Christian character, honor and first-hand information since he was viewpoint. He does not seem to have for sixteen years a professor in J apa- reached clear convictions on many nese colleges and universities. He important matters, for he makes no was correspondent for leading Lon- clear statement of belief and does not don and New York newspapers and give the foundations of faith as to the was decorated by the Emperor of deity of Christ, His atonement, resur- .Tapan with the Order of the Sacred rection, the authority of the Bible, Treasure in recognition of his serv- etc. These studies cannot be expected, ices to Japanese education. He is at therefore, to establish strong and present Cambridge University Exten- clear faith in the younger generation. sion Lecturer in Japanese history and civilization. He rightly stresses the Model of a West African Hut. Marjory urgent need of a better understand- Palmer. 2 shimngs. London. 1924. ing of the Japanese by the Englishspeaking peoples of the Vest, but he Realism marks this method of vigorously combats the common idea teaching missions to children. The that there is some mystery about the model supplies an excellent back- Japanese which makes it difficult if ground that will appeal to a child not impossible for other people8 to while the descriptive booklet gives the understand them. He declares that teacher and parent just the material needed to awaken interest.

"after sixteen years in Japan, study- Twin Travelognes, with Paper Doll Onting the people, their institutions and Onts (Chlna). Welthy Honsinger. New civilization, from every point of view York. 1924.

at close range, my only solution of These colored cardboard pictures, the mystery is to deny its existence. to cut out and play with, are very It is undoubtedly true that Japan is attractive for small children and may very much misunderstood; but the be used successfully, with the text, to teach useful missionary lessons. cause can be ascribed to nothing more mysterious than mere ignorance. If we take the same trouble to know all Documents on Christian Unity, 1920·4. about Japan that would be necessary Edited by G. K. A. Bell, Dean of Canterin the case of any other nation, Japan bury. 8vo. 382 PI'. $2.50. New York. is quite as easily undeirStood." 1924.

Americans need this kind of a pre- The Dean of Canterbury is a leader sentation, especially at a time when in the extensive preparations being the relations of the two nations have made for the coming World Conferbeen so gravely affected by the recent ence on Faith and Order. This book Immigration Act which Congress contains details of correspondence passed against the protest of the with the Vatican, Cardinal Mercier President, the Secretary of State, and of Belgium, the Patriarch of Constansensible men everywhere. A. J. B. tinople, the Swedish Bishops, and representatives of various church Christianity for Today. John Godfrey Hill. bodies in Great Britain, the United 12 mo. 139 PI'. 75 cents net. New States, Europe and Asia. As one York. 1925. reads some of these documents, the Today men are inquiring anew into complexity of the problem of Chris- the nature, requirements, foundations tian unity becomes more apparent.

and results of religion. Dr. Hill offers Clouds obscure the fair dream of this as a study-book for such individ- unity, but heavenly winds may il.'ise uals and classes, with chapters on Re- to blow these clouds away. The Chris.

ligion, The Christian Life, God, tian statesman studies such documents Jesus, Man, The Bible, The Church, as these with keen interest and cures The Kingdom and Eternal Life. Dr. his deepest doubt with the reflection Hill was educated in Boston Univer- that surely the Master's prayer, "that sity, Harvard and the University of they may be one," shall not fail of Chicago and represents a modernist eventual fulfillment. c. c. A..

The Missionary Review of the World — May 1923

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is now intensely interesting." "The benefits I have received from the A Clergyman says: "I often mention in Synthetic Course are beyond estimate my sermons that a Correspondence Course and above price."

from the Moody Bible Institute has been EnrollNow! ,:,"ou will be a personal pupilof far greater value to me than all of my hme, place and amount of Bible and theological work in college." study under your own control. The prices are No matter what your occupation you can below cost-these courses are not sold for study the Bible by correspondence. These courses open a new world to you-broaden profit. There is no better time to start than NOW. Send the coupon at once for Free your vision, develop your understanding, an- Prospectus describing our eight Courses in deswer your questions, help solve your perplexities, give comfort and encouragement. Today—–"" tail.

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CONTENTS FOR MAY, 1923 -Page FRONTISPIECE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A DEVOTIONAL SERVICE IN GENERAL FENO'S ARMY EDITORIALS ..•……………………………………………•……. 333 SUMMER SERVICE BY CHRISTIAN . AMERICAN RESPONSIBILITY IN EUROPE STUDENTS THE PRESENT CRISIS IN AFRICA RELIGIOUS PROGRESS IN AMERIOA THE Y. M. C. A. AND THE CHUROHES FENG YU·SHIANG, A CHRISTIAN GENERAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BELLE M. BRAIN 343 The inspiring story of a remarkable Christian general of the Ch,inese army who has enlisted thousands of his men as Christian Bib Ie stuilents a-nil hM cleaned up the aities where he has been. stationed.

SIAM, THE LAST STAND OF BUDDHISM ……………….. JOHN N. MILLS 355 A traveler's observations in the "Land of the White Elephant," where Buddhism hM been the State religion but where Christianity is steadily growing in influence.

GETTING GOD COUNTED AMONG THE MEXICANS …… ROBERT N. McLEAN 359 A picture of the conditions prevailing among the Mexicans n,orth of the Rio Grande' and of the evangelical Ch,ristian work whAch is introducing God tis a vital foree in their lives.

THOUSANDS OF CONVERTS FROM ISLAM ………… SAMUEL M. ZWEMER 364 The remarkable results of the work of the Rhenish Missionary Society -and the Dutch missions in Java and Sumatra a.. noted by Dr. Zwemer on his recent visit to Malaysia.

KHAMA, A CHRISTIAN CHIEF OF AFRICA ……………….. J. C. HARRIS 365 A biographical sketch of the Ch,ristian kinlg of the Bamangwato who learned of Christ through David Livingstone anil who governed his people according to Christiam. principles.

FOR MOTHER'S DAY-A MISSIONARY MOTHER.. By A MISSIONARY DAUGHTER 372 COOPERATION AMONG THE CHURCHES OF CANADA . . . . . . C. E. MANNINO 373 The story of how the Protestant C1vwrches of Canada luwe accomplished the kind of churoh urdon 80 mueh talked about in the United States.

AN INDIAN'S GIFT TO HIS PEOPLE …………………… C. H. BURKE 376 CONFLICTING FORCES IN-PAPUA …………………… CHARLES W. ABEL 377 The ili1/ioolties eneounterea from heathenism and from mcious white men by missionary foroes in their efforts to Ch,ristianize the people of BrUish New Guinlea. FARMERS AND THE COUNTRY CHURCH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. R. MANN 383 The relation of better far'ming to better Christianity in the rural ilistriots of America, Gf! proved experimentally. BEST METHODS UNDER DIFFIOULTIES ……………. MRS. E. C. CRONK 386 WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN …… EDITED BY FLORENOE E. QUINLAN' 392 WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN …………………………. .

…. _………………… EDITED BY Mas. HENRY W. PEABODY AND OTHERS 395 NEWS FROM MANY LANDS ••…………………………………….. _ 399 MISSIONARY LIBRARY .•……………………………………..•••. 415 TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 eents. Single copies, 25 cents. Published monthly. Copyrighted, 1923, by Missionary Review Publishing Company, Ine. All rights reserved.

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Please mention THu MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD In writing to advertisers. ~I====================~ MR. ALFRED Z'ARIR, of St. John's School, Agra, and author of ' 'A Lover of the WANTED Cross," is preparing for his M.A. and tak- BIBLES for BULGARIA . . ing a course in journalism at Oolumbia Uni- We sent our Missionary, Rev. Paul Mishkoff, versity, New York City. (Moody Bible Institute Graduate), at Philip- popolis, Bulgaria, $300 to purchase Bibles. REV. SOLOMON BIRNBAUM, director of the Soon this reply came: Emmanuel Neighborhood House, Baltimore, "In one meeting 360 professed Christ; 400 I . . . has accepted the chair of JewIsh Missions in anotheT." in the Moody Bible Institute, Chicago. N ow he writes this appeal: "If I can haye 20,000 Bibles and new Testa- REV. DR. A. OLTMANS, for thirty-seven years a missionary 0'£ the Dntch Reformed 0t ments, I tell lOU 'We can shake Bulga,ia, with Church in Japan, has been appointed one of three missionaries, who, with three J ap- the h.lp God, ami 'Win thOtUands of souls . . . anese Christian scholars, are to translate a /0' Ch,ist. '

new version of the Old Testament. No overhead charge; 100 per cent. of all Scripture gifts goes to the Field, Mlts.•TOHN H. WYBURN, superintendent of the McAuley Mission on Water Street, Send )'our gifts to New York City, since her husband's death, has recently married Rev. Clarence C. Fitch, Russia Evangelization Society a Baptist evangelist. She is to be succeeded (International_Interdenominational) . at the Mission by Alexander L. Jones of ARNO C. GAEBELEIN. D.O.• President ALWYN C. BALL. JR•• Vice President Washington, D. C. COL. E. N. SANCTUARY. Treasurer DON. O. SHELTON. Executive Committee REV. DR. AND MRs. DAVID DOWNIE, for nearly fifty years missionaries of the Amer- NORMAN J. SMITH. General Secretary ican Baptist Foreign Mission Society in Room 520 156 Fifth Avenue, New York South India, celebrated their golden wedding anniversary in Nepor:. YOUR BOYS AND GIRLS SHOULD NOT MISS REV. DWIGHT W. LEA&NED, D.D., of the Doshisha University, Kyoto, was the only EVERYLAND foreigner honored by the Japanese Government on the occasion of the celebration cif the fiftieth anniversary of the establishment of the educational system in Japan. He received from the Emperor a silver cup, and from tHe 'Educational Depru-tment a gold medal. and a silver goblet, besides a handsome scroll.

OBITUARY Here are some of the good things in F&ANCIS W. AYER, known not only as an the May num.ber: advertising pioneer, but as leader in state and national affairs both of the Baptist The Mugger-Much-Oscar MacMillan Buck India Inklings-Margaret T. Applegarth Church and the Y. M. y. A., died on March Hasan-Charlotte E. Young "Fare, Please"-APlay-Margaret T. Applegarth 5th in his seventy..-.fif.t.h y*ear. Little 'Round-The-World Stories-J. Mervin Hull REV. GEORGE F. FITCa, D.D., of the Everyland Exchange-Katherine S. Cronk Central China Mission of the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A., died in Shanghai, Boys and Girls Love Everyland February 11th, after fifty-two years in China, which so his associates said, have IT BROADENS THEIR VISION made "his name known and the power of his eharaeter felt in the far earners of the IT CULTIVATES WORLD FRIENDSHIP nation. "

*** IT·GIVES THEM SYMPATHY FOR MISSIONS LORD Krn NAIIlJ), kn<>wn and loved allover the world because of his long conneetion with the World'8 Evangelical Alliance, died Special Combination Offer-Saves $1.00 Everyland ($1.50 per Year) in London, JanUl,ry 30th; in his seventy- MissionaryReview of the World ($2.50 a year) sixth year. **• Together $3.00 a Year REV. ALFRED DEWITT MASON, D.D., former editor <>f the Chriati.wn Inte!Ugencer, and a leader in Reformed Church activities, died in Brooklyn, New York, on January THE MISSIONARY REVIEWofthe WORLD 27, 1923. Dr. Mason was a generous sup- porter and an able advocate of ("'hristian Room 1018, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City missions.

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A DEVOTIONAL SERVICE IN GENERAL FENG'S

Officers arc r eadIng the Scriptures to th e m en while arms a re stacked neaI'by a:Q d soldiers are patroUng. Discipllne is coupled with devoti on

MISSIONARY

EVIEW~ VOL. MAY, 1923 NUMBER LXVI FIVE SUMMER SERVICE BY CHRISTIAN STUDENTS E XPE~njmCE in the joy and worth-whileness of Christian serv- ice often brings a call to the mission field. The Congregational Sunday School Extension Society sent out in the summer of 1921 nine young men and seven young women students, representing thirteen colleges of eleven states, to engage in Christian work in home mission fields. The result of the experiment was so satisfactory that last summer thirty young men and eighteen young women students from thirty-one colleges were commissioned and over two hundred applied. All but three of the young men and all but two of the young women returned, definitely committed to Christian lifework at home or abroad.

Dr. W. Knighton Bloom, Extension Secretary says: "These groups of youthful messengers of the Christian evangel went out facing this challenge: ' Using my life where it will count the most for the summer months.' With Christian character, abounding enthusiasm and a definite vision that led them on, thirty-nine young men and twenty-five young women interpreted the fundamental things of Christianity in terms of practical everyday living. They urged other young people to reach the highest possible, along religious and educational ideals. They taught and lived the joyous, wholesome religion of Christ, and their reward was the joy of Christian service and the greatness of Christian accomplishment. Under the direction of state workers and missionary pastors, many phases of service entered into the summer's program. New Mission Sunday-schools an(j Young People's Societies were organized; Daily Vacation Bible Schools were held; Sunday-school classes taught; and other activities included Teacher Training classes, Community clubs and Story Hours. Especially helpful was the large amount of parish visitatiol1, often reaching out through its helpful ministry into remote rural communities. "

333

A western college Student Volunteer went to a little church on the plains of North Dakota with the feeling that the task was so great and he was too small. Some week days found him spraying potatoes, driving cattle or helping with the harvest as he boarded in the various homes. He got next to folks! He mediated between two neighborhood factions; encouraged and enlivened a struggling Sunday-school with its home in the district schoolhouse, and through it all extended the Kingdom and the influence of the little church. Down in the Central South a consecrated young man and true missionary organized ten Sunday-schools in ten weeks, and is not content until leaders, literature, and if possible, teachers' training classes, are assured.

The young woman whose weekly report closed with "yours in a very glad service," thinks" the life of any worker should be one of romance and delight." She took a group of shy young girls, whose ranch homes were so scattered. that a weekly church hour under a great tree on one ranch was of greatest moment in their lives. She acted as a camp nurse for seventy Camp Fire girls for a week, and incidentally rowing instructor, Bible class teacher, and general lecturer on etiquette. She called in homes where mothers had long repressed the things nearest their hearts. She took charge of regular services and teaching Bible class, and lining things up for teacher training. Her testimony rings true: "I believe that one absolutely must h.ave in order to share, and that people are more hungry than I would have dared to believe for the message of Christ, and more truly, for Christ Himself. This has been a great summer and if any other girl who has gone out and has had experiences similar to mine can yet keep from life service, then I simply cannot understand how such things can be. I have exulted in the romance of it, have grown stronger in the work of it, and my faith in God and in man is more a part of me than it ever was before. Christian service does demand the very best one has to give, and I think that is but a part of its challenge and its charm."

A young man assisted in a rural field in one of the most northern states. He touched ten fields, organizing Sunday-schools, leading youngsters and young folks in happy recreational activities. Across the continent another young man "drove a pony or rode a Ford" along trails leading to isolated homes and district schools.

Four students worked with a cotton mill town as center. One who directed the Vacation Bible School in the town had her first class at 5: 45 A. M. The succeeding duties of the day involved giving swimming lessons, calling, junior choir practice, and usually closing with personal work or other services at evening meetings. With such a program she says, "I can't express the feeling I have when I realize that every minute of every day is spent in Christian service and that one does not have to be sad or long-faced about it either, for I surely am having one happy time."

EDITORIAL COMMENT

RELIGIOUS PROGRESS IN' AMERICA STATISTICS are notorious f.or not always telling the truth and for never telling the whole truth, but they are of value never- theless. When gathered on a uniform basis the comparison with other years is very informing. Dr. H. K. Carroll, has recently published his annual tables in The Christian Herald, (New York) and"reports a gain of 948,347 in church membership in the United States for 1922. The United States census for last year is the basis of the report. This gain brings the total number of members in all religious organizations in this country up to 44,663,684.

Approximately sixty per cent of the total numerical strength is included in the churches making up the Protestant Evangelical group, which has a total of 27,256,001 communicants and recorded a gain of 828,600 in 1922. The gain of the Roman Catholic Church was 89,016, on the basis of 15,478,099 communicants or 85 per cent of the Catholic population. The Eastern Orthodox group aggregating 625,944 communicants had a gain of 32,500 for the year. The Roman Catholic gain is smaller than usual, due, perhaps, in part to restricted immigration.

Among the Protestants, the largest denominational group is the Baptist, which reports a gain of 305,597 for the year, making the number of communicants in its fourteen bodies total 8,303,824. The Methodist group of fifteen bodies drops into second place, with a gain of 269,198 and a total membership of 8,270,704. The eighteen" Lutheran organizations record an increase of 58,839 and rank third with a total membership of 2,443,016, followed closely by the Presbyterian group with 2,401,267 communicants and a gain of 53,122 for the year. The Disciples of Christ, with 1,552,713 members and a gain of 32,998, and the Protestant Episcopal, with a total membership of 1,129,613 and a gain of 36,808, make" up the other Protestant groups having more than a million members. The Congregational Church now has 848,318 members after making a gain of 10,047; and the Reformed group records a gain of 11,256 and a total membership of 522,161.

The largest single Protestant denomination is the Methodist Episcopal Church (Northern), with 4,085,016 members, and the second is the National Baptist Convention (Colored) with 3,426,506, the Southern Baptist Convention standing third with 3,339,118.

The increase in the number of ministers aggregating 4,238 is less than that of 1921. The large gain in ministers reported for the African Methodist Episcopal Church, 823, covers the gains of several years. .The entire Presbyterian group gains in 1922 only 45 ministers, while the Protestant Episcopal Church actually reports a loss of twenty-four.

The total of churches, 238,681, shows a gain of 2,588, more than half that of 1921. The Presbyterian group suffers a loss of 165,

DENOMINATIONAL STATISTICS FOR 1922 (:E'rom The Christian Herala., New York) Min· Com,muni· Gaflns in 1922 isters cants Churches Min. CM. Com. 1,662 139,277 Adventists, 5 Bodies …… . 700 2,931 10,0.00 33 20. 2,698 Assemblies of God …….. . 20.0. Baptist, 14 Bodies (a) …… . 48,170 8,303,824 665 2,344 305,597 Brethren (Dunkard), 4 Bodies 3,719 67,801 142,485 5,343 Brethren (Plymouth), 6 Bodies 1,304 13,244 d338 24 204 458 5,962 Brethren (River), 3 Bodies .. 34 122 5,(;39 Bnddhist Japanese Temples .. 13 12 Catholic Apostolic, 2 Bodies .. 13 2,768 Catholic Eastern Orth odox, 9 506 515 625,944 50 as 32,50.0 Bodies ……………… . 89,0.16, 22,630 17,10.8 11>,568,099 443 384 Catholic Western, 3 Bodies .. . d2,931 Christadelphians ………… . 76 3,890 100 Christian Church ……….. . 899 1,10.8 94,153 38 14 Christian Union ………… . Chureh of Christ Sdentist … . 370 322 16,900. 20. 2 Chureh of God and Saints of 3,578 1,789 146 73 Christ (Colored) ……… . Churches of God (Winebrenner) 101 94 3,311 Churches of God, Gen. Assembly 40.7 456 26,372 dl4 d69 d2,300 Churches of the Living God (Colored), 3 Bodies …… . 923 666 21,076 160. 113 2,828 Churches of the New Jernsalem, 125 130 3,00.0 d75 d35 dl,GOo. 2 Bodies ……………. . 111 106 7,879 d17 d33 d1,521 Communistic Societies, 2 Bodies 13 1,784 d6 d117 5,761 848,318 d20 Congregational Churches (a) . 8,,365 5,824 156 d49 10.,047 Disciples of Christ, 2 Bodies . 1,591 14,167 1,552,713 d234 32,998 217,189 3 EV!lJ1gelical Church …….. . 444 2,392 13,933 d54 3,525 EV!lJ1gelistic, 15 Bodies ….. . 34 20.7 17,962 16 EV!lJ1gelical Protestant …… . 37 5 15,922 Evangelical Synod ……… . 1,152 290,782 28 29 1,330 6,225 d1 692 Free Christian Zion (Colored) 35 552 :E'riends, 4 Bodies ………. . 1,374 118,083 195 139 d131 Jewish Congregations 721 1,0.13 357,135 58,839 1,901 d141 13 Latter·Day Saints, 2 Bodies 8,690 1,721 587,570. 1,308 23 2,479 Lutheran, 18 Bodies …….. . 10,065 2,443,016 10 269,198 Scandinavians, 3 Bodies ….. . 14,110. d4 Mennonites, 12 Bodies …… . 536 437 36,802 1,509 1,610 969 Methodists, 15 Bodies ……. . 45,263 85,0.:12 Moravi!lJ1s, 2 Bodies …….. . 63,30.6 8,270,70.4 Nonsectarian Bible F ft, i t h 147 156 25,254 Churches ……………. . Pentecostal, 4 Bodies ……. . 51 61 3,189 3 243 Presbyterian, 9 Bodies …… . 3,002 1,815 64,,221 2,059 Protestant Episcopal, 2 Bodies 14,320 15,653 2,401,267 431 39 53,122 5,777 7,819 1,129,613 36,808 Reformed, 3 Bodies …….. . 2,713 522,161 45 d165 11,256 Salvation ArIllO' ……….. . 2,250 1,262 52,291 6,322 American Rescue Workers … . 3,940 d24 d136 3,526 Schwenkfelders ………… . 90. 3,526 290 7 1,377 28 d3 41 Social Brethren ………… . 6 Society for Ethical Culture .. 19 950. 212 145 9,679 10 7 3,210 Spiritualists ………….. '. 290 90 Temple Society ………… . 11 60.O 50.,000 Unitarians (e) …………. . 500 260 d3 42 United Brethren, 2 Bodies … . 2 2 448 71,110. 62 <1149 Universalists (g) ……….. . 492 3,627 385,861 Independent Congregations .. 2,209 850 620 59,650 267 879 48,673 Grand Total in 1922 202,681 238,681 44,663,684 4,238 2,558 948,347 Grand Total in 1921 …… 198,443 236,123 43,715,337 4,396 4,953 1,0.13,296 (a) Estimated increases for 1922 based on average gain of three years. (c) Census of 1916. (d) Decrease. (e) Canvass of denomination not yet com:plete. Constituents, 10.8,560.. (g) Returns new canvass incomplete.

EDITORIAL COMMENT

the Protestant Episcopal Church of 136, the United Brethren of 149, the Reformed group of 3, the Disciples of Christ of 234, the Methodist Episcopal Church of 169, while the total gain of the whole Methodist group is only 23.

The percentages of gain in communicants is illuminating. The largest is 6 per cent among the Moravians and the smallest gain is six-tenths among Roman Catholics. A loss is reported among communistic bodies and the Mormons (Latter Day Saints). These figures relate only to numbers-there is no way of showing spiritual conditions by statistics.

AMERICAN CHRISTIANS' RESPONSIBILITY IN EUROPE I T is becoming more and more evident that the world is a unit. Germs may be isolated for scientific purposes, but germs do not remain isolated. Individuals may be placed in solitary confinement for the good of society, but normally men live in communities. Hermit nations have been known in the past but have not been able to keep their ports sealed. Churches and Christians cannot live normally if they attempt to ignore their obligations to mankind, near and far. Disciples of Christ, by whatever name they are called, should be united in their warfare against sin and all things that are anti-Christian, whether these are American, European, African or Asiatic.

European Protestant Christians have, in the past, lived their own lives and have done their own work without much reference to America. Now, however, when the war has left Europe bleeding and impoverished, it is time for America to show Christian sympathy and to help in reconstruction. This is more and more being recognized and various .American denominational organizations are giving financial and other help to European Churches in their reconstruction work and in the support of their missionary activities. The French and Belgian Churches need help, as do the Waldensians of Italy and the Protestants of Czecho-Slovakia, Poland and other countries. The foreign missionary work of the European societies has greatly suffered because of the war and Switzerland, Germany and France have carried it on only by great sacrifices.

Following the investigation of the Federal Council "Commission on the Relations with Religious Bodies in Europe," an agreement was made with the Swiss Federation of Churches to set up a Federation of European Protestant Churches through which relief work could be carried on. To do this efficiently will call for about six thousand dollars for the coming year, and a recent conference decided that American Protestantism ought to give practical evidence of its greater desire for closer cooperation among European Protestantism by contributing two-thirds of the budget for the coming year.

The Federation is planning to secure 'accurate information concerning the condition of the Protestant Churches of Europe, es- pecially in central and southeastern Europe-the effects of the war upon regular church life-church attendance, church membership, church revenues for all purposes, pastoral support, church buildings, orphanages, homes for aged, hospitals, schools, colleges, theological seminaries, home and foreign missions ¥ In some countries the relation between Church and State has been so changed that it is necessary to establish a new basis of church membership and a new system of support for all forms of church work, and this at a time of great upheaval in political, commercial and social life.

"The Church, thrown upon its own resources," says Bishop .Tames Cannon, Jr., "may be stimulated to develop a system of self-support free from state dictation or control, and be far stronger than before, because it will be the recognized activity of the loyal followers of Christ. But the period of transition is critical, and the wisest, most devoted leadership may fail in the face of the tremendous obstacles which confront all constructive efforts in Europe today. It may be true that the conditions today are the natural results of the evil courses of yesterday. The important question today is, How can American Protestantism help European Protestantism to stand upon its feet and to fulfil its mission ~"

Though America may refuse to enter the League of Nations, American Churches cannot afford to hold aloof from biking their full responsibility in the family of God. The call to the American Churches to evangelize Asia and Africa is no more urgent today than is the call to go to the help of our fellow Christians in Europe in this hour, not only of their extremity, but also of their opportunity.

THE PRESENT CRISIS IN AFRICA ..Ll. AFRICA is a continent of tremendous distances and many di- verse peoples. There are, however, certain problems that relate to the whole, such as the progress of Islam, the relation to European governments, commercial development, education and Christian evangelism.

Equatorial and West Africa are now passing through a serious crisis-social, political, economic and religious-according to M. Elie Allegret, director of the Paris Evangelical Missionary Society, in the International Review of Missions for April. Everything is in a state of ferment in this continent which was formerly a sleeping giant. Contacts with European civilization have not only brought a critical spirit, new ideas, new methods and new highways of life and thought, but have introduced alcohol, firearms, epidemics and new vices, Material progress has deceived many superficial observers. The war, to thousands of Africans, lessened respect to Europe and for'the white men who fight each other and for the

EDITORIAL COMMENT

white women who minister to men's vices. The Pan-African move- ment, introduced by Negroes from America, and the Bolshevist tracts scattered along the coast have given the Africans new conceptions of their own importance and have made them less willing to follow the white man's lead.

"From the social point of view," says M. Allegret, "everything in Africa is disintegrated, the old framework of the family and of the tribe hardly exists any longer; all the old organization has crumbled. The native family life is weakened. In its enfeebled state, the ancestor, its head, is bereft of authority, and in the future, native political authority will destroy that of the family. The emancipated natives constitute themselves into unorganized groups which are not coordinated nor sustained by any tradition of race, nor by recognized custom, nor by any discipline, and to which only the force of our occupation can lend an appearance of .order."

The moral crisis is seen in the new spirit of acquisitiveness in the Africans, and in the new vices acquired. A smattering of knowledge, without the stability of Christian character, has put new weapons into their hands, as though a man were given charge of a locomotive without knowledge of how to control it. The African has ability and great possibilities if he is trained not only in mind and body as to his relation to the material things but in reason and conscience as to his relation to God and his fellowmen.

The root of the matter is the religious crisis, according to M. Allegret. When the Africans are set free from their old religious moorings, they must drift on the rocks unless they are given a right goal, a new chart and new power. In many places there are unsuccessful attempts to return to ancient paganism with its secret societies, fetishes and heathen rites. Islam has taken advantage of the unrest to give the people a substitute for the true religion in thought and life. But Islam fails to produce real progress, industry, improvement in the status of woman or the proper development of children. Islam is a menace in Africa that can only be dispelled by the work of evangelical missions.

There are obstacles to mission work both in the failures of the Church at home and in the attitude of those on the field. The Church is attempting to conduct the greatest possible campaign with inadequate forces and equipment, with too little of sacrifice. Enemies on the field have also misled the Africans. Some are crying out, "Mrica must be developed by Africans-do not listen to the whites." These leaders wish to establish Mrican laws and customs, including an Mrican Church, even if it is full of superstitions, polygamy, witchcraft and other evils.

"What is needed to liberate and elevate Africans," says M. Allegret, "is regenerated men, the bearers of a new life….. The

hour has struck when it is imperative that at all costs the Gospel of Christ should be given to Africa." All well wishers for the blacks are increasingly·recognizing this need and even merchants and European officials. The report of the Belgian Colonial Congress says: "Hand in hand with the raising of the material and intellectual standards of the Negro must go a corresponding raising of the standard of morals, otherwise we nm the risk of crude, unregulated work which will not stand the test of time. This is not the least laborious nor the least delicate part of our task, for it is a question of raising the soul of the Negro from the depths where it has been iu captivity for centuries and of leading it to the heights to breathe a life-giving air. To speak more plainly, it is a question of inculcating in him a new code of morals….. Moral improvement ought therefore to be one of the main concerns of those who educate the black races….. The Christian religion is the religion which must serve as the basis of the black man's moral education….. Our conclusions should be clearly stated. They are these: provided liberty is guaranteed everybody, official instruction should be Christian in character. "

There are, fortunately, signs of religious awakening in various parts of Africa and these need guidance. From the Gold Coast, the Cameroons, Angola, the Congo, Nyasaland and elsewhere come reports of earnest seeking after the 'Way of God. "Prophets" appear and sometimes lead the people to destroy their fetishes and discard their pagan customs but cannot lead them into the full light of the Gospel. In the Gold Coast, a "prophet" called Harris gathered a following of over 100,000 persons and similar movements have been reported from the Congo. The danger is that a religion will be developed without high moral standards of life, mental education without spiritual insight, and religious. fervor without self-control.

The evangelical forces in Africa should be strengthened. They should perfect their methods and work together more harmoniously. Missionary conferences have already produced some good results. Further agreement and cooperation is needed with emphasis on the essential matters of faith in Christ and loyalty to His teachings and room for differences of viewpoint as to non-essential details of belief and methods.

Africa is calling for the best that America and Europe can give -not what they have discovered or manufactured but that which has been revealed to them from above, the full and free Gospel of Jesus Christ, the Son of God, given in love and in the power of the Spirit of God.

EDITORIAL OOMMENT

THE Y. M. O. A. AND THE OHUROHES SOME reports of the Oonvention of the International Young Men's Ohristian Association held in Atlantic Oity (November 14th to 19th) have implied that the Association adopted resolutions which would practically sever its connection with evangelical Ohurches. This is a wrong interpretation of the action taken in relation to membership in the Association and eligibility to boards of directors. What was done was to pass a resolution permitting any Association to admit to its Board of Managers men (not to exceed in number ten per cent.) who are members of the Association but not of the Churches eligible to membership in the Federal Council of Churches of Christ in America. These men must accept the so-called "Paris Basis" (1855) signifying their sympathy with the purpose of the Association "to unite those young men who, regarding Jesus Christ as their God and Saviour, according to the Holy Scriptures, desire to be His disciples in their doctrine and in their life, and to associate their efforts for the extension of His kingdom amongst young men," This is adopted as an alternative to the so-called "Portland Basis" (1869) which requires that all members of boards of directors shall be members of evangelical Churches.

There is no evident lack of loyalty to Christ or to His Church in the resolution adopted at Atlantic City. All the members of that convention are members of evangelical Churches and most of them are active workers in those Churches. There may be very little change in the standard requirements for membership in Associations and on Boards. The Portland Basis may still be followed by those who prefer it, but the Paris Basis is offered as an alternative.

Whereas the movement for a broader membership basis has generally been supposed to look toward the admission of some who do not accept the deity of Christ, the real purpose is to make it possible for some Associations (notably Railroad Y. M. C. A.s) to admit Roman Catholics and possibly Christian Scientists, Universalists and others hitherto not included. The practical effect of this resolution will be to place in the hands of local Associations, rather than in those of evangelical Churches, the interpretation and application of the rule for membership. There is great need to safeguard the Association from the inclination to give a voice in its management to men who, although of high character, good standing in the community and financial supporters of the Association, nevertheless are not wholly loyal to the claims and teachings of Jesus Christ as recorded in the New Testament.

The Young Men's Ohristian Association at Atlantic City also followed a similar action taken by the Young Women three years ago when they decided to admit to voting membership in their College Associations those who are not members of evangelical Ohurches. It was stated that this action was demanded by College Associations

which hold that it will enable them to do a larger work among students. The stipulations of the College Association program are thus stated: "To lead students to faith in God through Jesus Christ.

"To lead them into membership and service in the Christian Church.

"To promote their growth in Christian faith, especially through the study of the Bible and prayer.

"To influence them to join in united effort with all Christians to make the will of Christ effective in human society and extend the kingdom of God throughout the world."

The commission declared that this change of basis had been most strongly urged by those student Associations which are most successful in developing ~evout and powerful spiritual character. It was not, they affirmed solemnly, a step toward laxity but a step toward reality.

Another action taken at Atlantic City followed the report of the Commission on Approach to the Churches presented by Dr. William Horace Day, of Bridgeport, Connecticut. This report made clear the basic principles of cooperation between the Association and the Churches-first the supremacy of Christ, and second, the primacy of the Church. At the same time, while advocating close relationship with the Church, it declared in favor of the entire independence of the Association from any ecclesiastical control. The duty of the Churches is to sustain and give counsel in the work and the duty of the Association is to endeavor to lead men and boys to become true disciples of Christ and useful members of His Church. The International Committee was authorized to invite each denomination to appoint a member of a general counseling committee and to designate a standing committee on the Y. M. C. A. to confer with representatives of the International Committee on matters of mutual concern.

The Convention, which represented a membership of about 1,000,000 men and boys in the United States, also voted for an enlarged program of religious work with more spiritual emphasis and evangelistic ideals. It adopted resolutions for more extended work in behalf of colored men and boys, for continued service in wartorn areas in Europe, for the enforcement of prohibition laws, in favor of governmental help for the persecuted Christian minorities in the Near East, and for more adequate steps to promote industrial justice and international peace.

FENG (center) AND FIFTEEN CHRISTIAN OFFICERS IN HIS

These first of!icers to be baptized were admitted to the Presbyterian Churtm.. Ch a ngteh, Hunan, Nov., 1918. Another ftfteen were admitted in Dec., 1918.

Feng Yu-shiang, A Christian General BY BELLE M. BRAIN, SCHENECTADY, NEW YORK Author of" Holding the Ropes, " "The Transformation of Hawaii," Etc.

G ENERAL F;ENG is a remarkable man. Four years ago he was almost unknown, even in China. Now, after being gov- ernor of two great provinces, first Shensi and then Honan, he is Inspecting General of the Chinese Army with 30,000 men under him and many think that he will be the next president of China.

He is described as a man of impressive appearance, over six feet tall, powerful in build and every inch a soldier. "His face is grave and dignified," says Dr. Sherwood Eddy, "but full of charm especially when it lights up with strong emotion or kindles with his keen sense of humor. He seems to unite the stern discipline of Oliver Oromwell with the mystical devotion of Ohinese Gordon and the Christian character and quiet dignity of Stonewall Jackson."

Feng Yu-shiang was born in 1880 in a little village in the province of Anhwei, eastern China. 1'he family was poor and the boy grew up in ignorance. About the year 1897 he enlisted in the army and while .a raw recruit in Paotingfu first came in contact with Christianity. But he hated it, for he heard stories about missionaries digging out the eyes of children in their hospitals to concoct a mysterious liquid for sending telegrams, and he believed them.

Whenever he could he made trouble for the missionaries. Once when he overheard a missionary preaching from the text, "If any man take away thy coat, let him have thy cloak also," he started off with his table to see if the preacher meant what he said. During an 343

epidemic of cholera when the soldiers were sent through the city shooting into the air to frighten away the cholera demons he fired his shots at the sign-board of the American Presbyterian'Mission.

But in July, 1900, Feng saw Ohristianity in a new light. The Boxers were doing their deadly work in Paotingfu and had gone to the mission of the American Board'(Oongregational) bent on mur- dering the missionaries and the Ohinese Christians who had taken refuge with them. They were hacking at the massive wooden gate when suddenly it swung open and Mary Morrill, oile of the mission- arie's, came out alone. The mob was awe-struck and listened in. silence while she told them that the mission- aries were their friends and reminded them of what they had done for their people.

But the mob insisted that GENERAL FENG AND TWO OF HIS they were enemies and they OFFICERS must kill them.

"Then," she said calmly, "let me die for the others. Here am I; slay me but spare my friends."

Something like a wave of pity swept over the mob and one by one they shuffled off. Later, however, they returned and took Mary Morrill to a temple where she was kept over night and was then taken out and beheaded.

In the providence of God, young Feng was a witness of it all.

The soldiers were ordered to follow the Boxers around and make a show of protecting the foreigners but not to interfere. As he stood opposite the gate of the mission and saw Mary Morrill come out and offer to die' for her friends, a deep impression was made on the young soldier and a seed was planted in his heart that, after many years, came to full fruition.

Later when his regiment was in Peking, Feng suffered from a bad ulcer and went to two different Chinese doctors. Each wanted $60 to treat him so he went to a missionary doctor who made no charge, but said, "I want you to remember that God in heaven loves you and sent me to cure you. " Some time after this, when Feng was in Manchuria, he went to another missionary doctor to be inoculated for the plague. Again there was no charge, and the doctor said much the same thing to him as the doctor in Peking. These two experiences opened Feng's heart still wider to the Gospel.

In 1912 the real turning point came in his life. John R. Mott and Sherwood Eddy came to Peking for an evangelistic campaign

FENG YU-SillANG, A CHRISTIAN GENERAL

and Feng went to the meetings. Through an address by DoctOl Mott he found Christ and after attending a Bible class taught by Pastor Liu of the Wesleyan Mission, he was baptized and joined a Methodist Ohurch. He was now a Major with 500 men under him and at once began trying to win them to Christ.

While in the Bible class, preparing for baptism, he passed through a time of testing. His older brother "turned bad," and putting away his wife married an- other woman. This angered Feng and he vowed vengeance, where- upon his brother sent him a defiant letter challenging him to fight.

But that day the lesson in the Bible class was on the text, ' ,Vengeance is mine, I will repay, saith the Lord." This led Feng to the de- termination to try to win his brother and instead of fighting he sent a present of money with the promise of more if it was needed.

This touched his brother so deeply that he put away the evil woman and took back his lawful wife.

Before his conversion Feng had a bad temper and he frequently struck his men on the parade ground. His wife, Feng Tai Tai, also had to submit to ill treatment.

Courtesy of The Literary Diyeat Now, however, Feng's bad temper A RECENT PORTRAIT OF GENERAL FENG is gone. He is a strict disciplina- rjan but his men adore him and his (The GeneraL Gm"don of China) wife testifies that since his conversion he has never spoken an unkind word to her.

In 1918, when the clash came between North and South China, Feng won his first fame. He had been promoted to be a Brigadier- General and had a command in the province of Sze-chwan. In a conflict with the Southern army he had run short of ammunition and was forced to retreat. But he soon returned with fresh supplies, renewed the attack, smashed the only bridge over the river and forced the Southerners to surrender. Then he disarmed the enemy forces, and disbanded them, giving to each officer $10 and to each private $5 to enable them to return home without looting. This amazing method of dealing with a defeated foe was reported far and wide and was a great advertisement for Ohristianity.

In June, 1918, the city of Ohangteh, Hunan, fell into the hands of the Southern army and Feng was sent to retake it. He first suc- z

ceeded in occupying strategic positions and then sent word to the Southern commander by two missionaries: "I have orders to take this city and I will take it. You just leave and go south to avoid loss of life." The hint was taken and F'eng entered the city in triumph, winning the victory without bloodshed.

The city was in a sad plight. It had been occupied by several different armies in turn and had been at the mercy of cruel and licentious troops that had roamed about the streets with fixed bayonets, looting the shops and abusing the people. Shops and factories had been closed for months and there was a general air of destitution and despair. But Feng soon changed all this. He ordered the shops and factories to be reopened at once and in an incredibly short time the city took on an air of peace and prosperity that was in sharp contrast with its former condition. When the people found the soldiers coming to their shops as paying customers and treating them civilly, they could scarcely believe it.

Here at Ohangteh General Feng worked out the famous Puritan program that has made his anny a regenerating force wherever it has been stationed. Here too he prepared his famous little manual, "The Spirit of the Soldier," which all of his men are required to memorize. It contains the rudiments of military training and quite a little Ohristian teaching as well as many illustrations drawn from the lives of such famous Ohristian military leaders as Oliver Cromwell and General Gordon.

As General Feng was stationed in Ohangteh for two years and had unrestricted authority over a large military district, he was able to work out his plans without interference. The first thing on his program was a "house-cleaning" so thorough that, as an English visitor says, "Ohangteh became a living miracle-a Ohinese city that is the cleanest in the world! " Gambling and opium dens were closed, all prostitutes were ordered to leave in three days, and theaters were transformed into preaching-places and schools. Bible texts and moral precepts were also painted in large Ohinese characters on the walls of every available place in city and camp to do their silent preaching to people of all classes.

After the city had undergone its wonderful purifying, it is said even a Ohinese woman could walk from one end of it to th.e other with perfect safety either night or day-an almost unheard of thing in any city, either Occidental or Oriental, with a camp of nearly 10,000 soldiers near by.

The General is a great enemy of dirt and in the military camp everything was kept in perfect order. The beds were spotless and guns, bayonets and buckles were kept well polished. Every man had his own mosquito net, individual drinking cup and toothbrush, besides a Bible and hymn book. Loafing on the streets, smoking, drinking, gambling and the use of profane language were strictly

FENG YU-SHIANG, A CHRISTIAN GENERAL

prohibited. -While the General's rule over his men is very strict it is so combined with love that they admire him for it and look upon him as a father. He calls them his boys.

General Feng believes in work as a great character builder and one secret of his success is that he keeps his men busy. Something is provided for almost every hour in the day. Besides the military drills there: are athletic exercises in which prizes are offered, and schools are conducted with regular courses of study. In the camp atChangteh there were factories equipped with knitting machines for knitting socks for the army; sewing machines for making uniforms i and looms for weaving cloth. The older men are taught useful trades so that they may earn an honest living when they leave GENERAL FENO'S COMMISSIONED OFFICEHS ASSEMBLED FOR BIBLE STUDY Mr. Charles G. Trumbull 01 Philadelphi a , E ditor of 1'he SUndo,y School Ti'rr1,€s J gave the Bible lesson and Rev. Jona.than Goforth, a missionary. interpreted the army and not resort to brigandage as is the custom in the case of many Chinese veterans. In everything the General sets an example to his men. Every day he gives definite time to study and works for an hour in the shops.

At the same time evangelistic work was being carried on in the camp. Religious services were held at regular times during the day and the men were encouraged to read their Bibles and to pray. The singing of Christian hymns was a great feature of the work both in camp and on the march, "Onward, Christian Soldiers," and "0 Come to My Heart, Lord Jesus," being the favorites. "To hear a company of soldiers sing 'Onward, Christian Soldiers' as they march through the streets, is inspiring at any time," wrote one of the missionaries, "but when the soldiers are Chinese and the city is in tHe interior of China, it gives one a feeling of surprise and pleasure. "

Many of his soldiers were already Christians but Feng craved

GENERAL FENG'S SOLDIERS-TWENTY THOUSAND STRONG-GATHERING TO PRAY FOR RAIN them all for Christ. So he invited the missionaries in Ohangteh and special speakers from outside to come and hold meetings and Bible classes. Among others Doctor and Mrs. Jonathan Goforth came and the Rev. Shen Wen-ch'ing of the 'Wesleyan Mission in Peking. To all he gave the same admonition: "I do not want you to speak of patriotism or morality but of salvation through the Lord Jesus Christ. "

As a result of all this seed-sowing, conversions were constantly taking place in the camp. The General himself is a fine speaker and has great power in public prayer. He is very patriotic and longs intensely for the redemption of China. Once when praying for his country he broke down and sobbed like a child and officers and men all over the room wept with him.

While at Ohangteh General Feng passed through a sad experience that greatly deepened his spiritual life. This was the tragic death of his friend, Doctor Logan, who had charge of the Presbyterian Hospital and was much loved by the Chinese. In December, 1919, the General asked him to make a call on a relative of his wife who was ill at his house. The man was mentally unbalanced and shot the doctor while being examined. He died in a few hours and the General was heart-broken.

A few days later when he called on Mrs. Logan to express his sympathy, she noticed that his long, black, silky mustache was gone. When she asked him about it he said that the doctor's death had been a great shock to him and he could not shake off the feeling that

it had happened because he himself was not right with God. So after laying bare his heart before God he had rededicated himself to His service and in token of this had shaved off his mustache.

In the summer of 1920 all Northem troops were forced to leave Hunan and Feng withdrew from Changteh. One of his last acts was the public burning of 106,167 ounces of opium (worth $10 an ounce at Hankow) which his men had captured during their twoyears' stay. The people were sorry to see the army go and in appreciation of their services the city officials gave each of the 10,000 men a medal.

The withdrawal from Hunan was accomplished without the loss of a life or a pound of baggage. This seemed a miracle for the army A BAPTISMAL SERVICE FOR OVER 950 CHINESE SOLDIERS AIt Sinyangchow, Honan, in May 1921, the Y. M. C. A. llut was filled three times over, the men going forward for baptism in groups of about twenty. Rev. Jonathan Goforth officiated was hemmed in on three sides by hostile forces. The men attributed it to prayer and said: "Are we not the soldiers of the living God' Did He not keep the enemy from attacking us 'I"

After several months in camp near Hankow, General Feng was ordered to Sinyangchow, an army center in southern Honan. Here he put on the same program of reform as at Changteh. At first there was some opposition when the 300 prostitutes of the city were ordered to leave. The city officials begged him to let half of them stay, but his answer was, "Not even one!"

Sinyangchow was notorious, even among Chinese cities, for its bad streets and roads, but Feng put his men at work on them and soon they were among the best in the province. He also drained the filthy ponds around the city and for these and other public services, Sinyangchow was decorated during the Chinese New Year's holidays,

in his honor. Almost every house displayed a scroll praising the Ohristian General and his army.

The stay at Sinyangchow was a time of great blessing. A Y. M. C. A. hut, called the Logan Memorial in honor of the dead doctor, was erected for the use of the soldiers and Pastor Shen who had been with the army both in Ohangteh and Hankow, came from Peking to hold a series of meetings. On the last day of his stay he baptized 600 men, all of whom had been prepared by long courses of Bible study.

Early in May, 1921, Doctor Goforth arrived for a stay of fifteen days. Six meetings were held every day beginning at 7 a. m. and the interest was very great. On the last day, Sunday, May 22d, a series of baptismal and communion services was held in Logan Hut at which 960 men were baptized and 4,606 sat down at the Lord's Table. The meetings began at sunrise and ended at sunset, and as the hut only seated about 400, the men attended in relays. As group after group marched through the city streets and out half a mile to the hut, at intervals during the day, in smart military style yet with very deep reverence, the city folk looked on and marveled.

"It was perhaps the greatest 'Day of the Lord' Ohina has ever seen," say Doctor Goforth, "but there are greater days ahead if the Lord tarry. It looks as though the whole army would turn into a preaching band. The General himself, four of his Oolonels and one Major say they are pressed by the Spirit to give up the army and go to preaching. IJ Shortly after this General ]'eng was ordered to Shensi where General Yen had been appointed Governor in place of Governor Oh'en who had disobeyed orders from Peking. Oh'en was making a stubborn resistance, but on July 7, 1921, after several hot battles near Sianfu, General Yen entered the city followed by General Feng and his men wearing the medals that had been given them in Ohangteh. There was no looting such as is customary when a victorious army enters a city, but in the evening the soldiers were heard singing hymns in their camp.

Most of those wounded in the battles were brought into Sianfu. Feng sent word to Doctor Broomhall of the Ohina Inland Mission that he would be glad if his men could be cared for in the mission hospital until his own base hospital was ready. Soon the wards were filled with Ohristian men who sang hymns and took a keen interest in the services. Presently the General himself came to see them. As he entered the wards they struggled to salute but he forbade it and went from bed to bed patting them affectionately and showing great concern over their suffering.

The missionaries in Sianfu gave General Feng an enthusiastic welcome. On the first Sunday there was a parade service at which one of the missionaries preached, five colonels prayed and the sing-

FENG YU-SHIANG, A CHRISTIAN GENEHAL

By courtesy of A H i-he World GENERAL FENG BURNING 106,067 OUNCES OF OPIUM CAPTURED AT CHANGT'EH ing was wonderful. "It was enough to make the old missionaries weep tears of joy," says one of them. "Twenty years ago there was hardly a Christian in the city and now there are thousands praising God."

Later in the week there was a reception given by the four missions of the city in a large church near the "Vest Gate. "General Feng came in, magnificent and calm, head and shoulders above his people," wrote Mrs. Broomhall. "He was followed by-oh, dear people, can you believe it ?-his staff, five military men in full uniform with sweet Christian faces and Bibles undeT theiT aTms!"

Then came a tragedy. After seven weeks in office, Governor Yen found his task too heavy for him and committed suicide by taking an overdose of opium. This made Feng acting tuchun or military governor of the province and the missionaries began praying that he might be continued in the office. In September, 1921, a telegram finally came from Peking announcing his appointment and General Feng became Governor Feng-the. first Christian governor of China.

It was a great honor and there was general rejoicing among Christians all over China. But it was a hard place to fill, for conditions were bad in Shensi. But Feng took up his task as from God and was soon carrying out his program of reform in a way that amazed both Chinese and foreigners. One of his first official acts was the clearing out of a whole street of officially recognized brothels that were a fruitful source of revenue to the police. It was a daring thing to do, but Feng knows no fear when there is a wrong to be righted.

In the spring of 1922 an emergency call took Feng away from Shensi. Governor Chang Tso-lin of Manchuria, an ex-bandit sus-

pected of being in league with Japan, came down to Peking and the government was in danger. General Wu Pei-fu, an ardent patriot, challenged him to fight and ordered General Feng to come in hot haste to his aid. This involved a forced march of 200 miles, mostly on foot, but Feng arrived in record time. There was a hard-fought battle near Peking and Wu was losing; but Feng made a flank attack that saved the day. This brought him into great prominence: General Wu gave him unstinted praise and so did the press dispatches. The New York Times and other papers hailed the" Christian General" as a victor and The Literary Digest told the story and printed his picture.

But Feng gave the glory to God. Before the battle the officers held a prayer-meeting and one of them prayed that if it were possible they might be saved from fighting and killing their fellows; but if not, that they might do it without hate in their hearts. '1'hey went into the battle singing "Onward, Christian Soldiers," and God gave them the victory.

The scene next shifts to Honan where the corrupt governor, Chao Ti, while professing friendship for Feng and Wu, made a treacherous attack upon a detachment of Feng's forces who were guarding the railway junction at Chengchow. They were outnumbered ten to one but the result was a victory that drove the traitor into exile. It seemed a miracle and again Feng and his men thanked God. But the victory had been won at great cost. Many of Feng's beloved boys had laid down their lives for Ohina and many more had been wounded.

General Feng was now made governor of Honan and ruler of its 35,000,000 people-one-third as many as in the United States. Conditions were (and are still) very bad in the province. It is overrun with bandits and life and property are not safe. The task was heavy, but as in Shensi, Feng took it as from God and soon his regular program of evangelism and social reform was in progress. On June 9, 1922, there was general rejoicing all over Christendom when the press despatches announced that he had issued an edict prohibiting foot-binding throughout the province.

Kaifeng, the capital, was thoroughly cleaned up. Within a few days after he came into power, soldiers were busy plastering and whitewashing the massive walls of the great gateway and painting them over with Bible texts and moral maxims from Confucius. Soon the whole city was adorned with mottoes and pictures in color setting forth the evils of gambling, drinking, opium smoking and other bad habits. Whichever way one looked crowds might be seen studying them and taking in their teachings.

In China the governors of provinces rank next to the emperor or president, and live in almost regal style. But Governor Feng lives very simply. He always wears the same cheap cotton cloth as his

FENG YU-SHIANG, A CHRlS'nAN GENERAL

men and, save for the band on his cap, the ribbons on his breast and his outstanding personality, there is little to distinguish him from them. In Honan the former governor had used up all the taxes and money was scarce. So Governor Feng instituted a campaign against luxuries, setting the example himself. He keeps a motor car to use for visiting officials, but rarely uses it himself. He goes on foot or rides a bicycle.

The story is told that when the .city officials called on him in their lovely silks and satins he apologized to them and said that his place was not fit for such grand clothing and that the seats were so dirty he could not ask them to sit down! The seats were clean, of course, but the visitors took the hint and next time came in cotton clothing.

Another story says that one day when he was caught mopping a fioor, his staff re- monstrated. They said such work was beneath the dignity of a man who was both a general and a governor and quoted Confucius to prove it.

"But what does Christ say 7" he asked. "Find me a text in the New Testament Courtesy or th o M i 8sionary Tidings on the subject." They went off but were soon back with GENER AL FENG'S ARMY AT P RAYE R the text, "Whosoever will be great among you, let him be your min- ister; and whosoever will be chief among you, let him be your servant. " This settled it and they had to acknowledge that their leader was right.

General Feng makes constant use of prayer. That spring there had been a long dry spell and the crops were in danger. So he set apart three days for fasting and prayer. All the missions in the city were asked to pray for rain in their own churches on Sunday and Monday, June 25 and 26, 1922, and a great mass meeting for prayer was held on the parade ground on Tuesday, June 27, beginning at six in the morning. About 10,000 soldiers were present besides a large company of missionaries and Chinese Christians from the city.

It was a wonderful meeting. One of the officers led it and the

Governor himself made the closing prayer. In a clear, strong voice that could be heard by all, he prayed that if God were withholding His mercy because of sin, He would let the punishment fall on him and not on the poor ignorant people. The tears were streaming down his cheeks at the close and many said they had never heard such a prayer. In exactty two hours there u'as a refreshing shower and two days later more rain fell.

Conditions were so bad in Honan that Feng felt the need of a larger army and in July, 1922, issued a call for recruits.. With his famous division as a nucleus, he now formed a well-disciplined army of 20,000 men which commands the respect of military men and is the cleanest and most Christian in the world. There is no drinking, no smoking, no profanity, no idling and most of the officers and a majority of the men are active Christians. New recruits are always invited to a Bible class and are taught to sing hymns. No pressure is brought to bear to make them become Christians but some Qf them were heard to say that they might as well be Christians for they ha~ to act like Christians any way!

After being governor of Honan for about six months, General Feng was made. Inspector General of the Chinese Army and was ordered to proceed to Peking. The great mass of the people petitioned to have him remain as their governor, but this was refused and by the middle of November, 1922, Feng and his army were gone.

"No evangelists ever went to their tasks with more uplifted souls than these men left for Peking to witness for Christ," says Doctor E. Stanley Jones who was in Kaifeng with Doctor Sherwood Eddy holding meetings shortly before they left.

Some of General Feng's friends fear that he and his army have been sent to Peking to starve them out. They had not been paid for months and in Peking would have no provincial resources to draw on. It is said that he is allowed $50,000 a month for expenses, but this would not be sufficient for the 30,000 men under him now. The General himself wonders if they are going to take his army from him. If such a calamity should happen it might release hundreds of spirit-filled men to preach the Gospel in China, and perhaps prove a blessing in disguise.

The next chapter in this wonderful story will be awaited with interest. What it will be is known only to God. In the meantime there should be much prayer for this Christian General and his Christian army in China.

"Siam, the Last Stand of Buddhism~'

BY REV. JOHN NELSON MILLS, D.D.

I Nane of his sermons to the Wild Tigers, delivered in 19.14, his Majesty, Somdetch Phra Paramendr Maha Vajiravudh, de- clared that Siam is the last stand of Buddhism. . In Japan the popular form of Buddhism has practically become Unitarianism. In India and Oeylon Buddhism is more or less mixed with Hinduism and Mohammedanism. But in Siam it has full sway, and possesses an almost universal hold upon the people.

The present-day Buddhism of Siam may not be in its original form. Buddha taught that there is no God, and hence no place for prayer; but the Buddhists of Siam pray.

Buddha taught that there is no personal future life, hence no need for works of merit to obtain a better place in a future state. But the Siamese devote much time and spend large sums of money "making merit." They build temples, they refurbish old temples, they support priests, they give alms to the poor, they even make presents to missionaries in order that they may lay up treasures in heaven or its equivalent.

Buddha denied that there are such things as evil spirits, but practically every Buddhist in Siam is an animist. The Laos of North Siam are more animists than they are Buddhists. Nearly every house in North Siam has its spirit box, to receive offerings of food and where incense sticks are burned. Even many Buddhist temples have them. This belief in evil spirits gives an opportunity to the missionary to deliver his message that would not otherwise be possible. He can tell these spirit worshipers that Jesus Ohrist came into the world expressly to cast out evil spirits and to deliver -His people from fear. That the Gospel has spread so rapidly among the Laos is doubtless due, to some extent at least, to this fact.

But notwithstanding this all-prevailing influence of Buddhism in Siam, the King has felt called upon to sound the alarm and to announce publicly that if Buddhism disappears from Siam its last stronghold has been taken. There are 180,000 Buddhist priests in Siam, or one to every forty-three of the population, one to every twenty of the male adults. (We have only one Ohristian missionary for every 100,000 of the population.) Bangkok alone has 390 Buddhist temples; Petchaburi, not a large city, has ninety-nine. Priests teach that the Siamese sovereigns are lineal descendants of Buddha and one of the titles of the King is "Lord Buddha." They teach that the people themselves have sprung from the early disciples of Buddha. It is still expected that every young man shall serve a few months in the priesthood, and no respectable family would think of 355

giving their daughter in marriage to a young man who had not so served. The present King took his apprenticeship as a priest; and his father, who had ascended the throne at the age of ten years and was married at fifteen, renounced the throne and divorced his wife that he might be a priest for twenty-three days. Now, in entering the priesthood one automatically divorces his wife and gives up all worldly possessions as well as social and official position. It was necessary, therefore, for King Chulalangkorn, when he demitted the priesthood, to be crowned the second time, and to be remarried.

The King evidently knows more about the state of religion in Siam than the casual observer. In these sermons to the "Wild Tigers" he calls attention to the large number of lazy priests, claiming that they have entered the priesthood in order to get an easy living, since the only work required of them is to go from house to house and have their rice bowls filled by a people anxious to "make merit." The King even charges, what no traveler or foreigner would dare do, that there are thieves in the pnesthood who have adopted this cloak in order to make their thievery easier.

Young men are not now regarding it as absolutely necessary or even important to give several months' service to the priesthood. And while there is at present great activity abont the temples, new gold going on the pagodas, fresh lacquer on the altars and new Buddhas along the temple walls, there seems to be a feeling among the more intelligent that this is only a last effort to make a dying thing appear alive.

But by his remarkable efforts to strengthen the people in their inherited faith the King has made more difficult the work of the missionaries. His father frankly advised his subjects to investigate Christianity, and to adopt it if they found it better than Buddhism. The present king, on the other hand, tells them that to become a Christian is to be disloyal to the country, and that Buddhism is and must continue to be the national religion of Siam. The missionaries observe that it is becoming more difficult for a Christian to obtain political preferment. The King is an intelligent man, with eleven years of foreign residence behind him, several of them spent at Oxford University, England. ,Vhile there he won a prize for an essay on Christianity. We can scarcely believe that the King is sincere, however, when he says that, because he has investigated Christianity, knows it better than many Christians, he is convinced that Buddhism is better, at least for the people of Siam. He has decreed the substitution of the Buddhist era for the Gregorian, adopted by his father in 1889, so that the present year in Siam is officially 2464 B. E. (Buddhist Era), the year beginning the first of April. The Ministry of Public Instruction directs that the pupils of all schools be taught the precepts of the Buddhist faith. In the police stations, army barracks, asylums, etc., Buddhist chants and

"SIAM, THE LAST STAND OF BUDDHISM"

prayers are said regularly. Images of the Buddha appear even on the brackets of the University Medical School. According to Dr. Robert E. Speer: "The Japanese Government has made it very easy for Christians in the schools of Japan and Korea in comparison with the situation of the Siamese Christians." Even in Turkey and Persia it has been possible for Christians to hold office. And religious tests have been abandoned by all progressive states.

The King's attitude towards religion is doubtless dictated by policy. He came to the throne in the midst of a revolution. Many things have transpired since to weaken his hold upon the people. The encroachments of foreign nations make it uncertain how long there will be an independent Siam. The country is now filling up with foreigners, so that North Siam is really more Malay, Burmese and Cambodian than it is Siamese. Bangkok, the capital city, with its quarter million Chinese and many thousand Indians, Malays, Hindus and Mohammedans, also presents a serious national problem. There is nothing upon which the Siamese people are more united than religion, and the King, sharing doubtless the opinion expressed in his inaugural by Governor General Wood of the Philippines, that no nation or state can advance or remain secure without a foundation of religious faith, has been led to take the position he has, probably for this reason.

Like his father, the present King has given generously to the support of mission hospitals, having contributed several thousand ticals to the Presbyterian leper asylum at Chiengmai, the first and only institution of the kind in Siam, 3,000 ticals each to the hospitals at Petchaburi and Tap Teang, etc., and, like his father, has adopted Christian institutions as rapidly as place could be made for them.

Through his Minister of Foreign Affairs he acknowledges that it was missionaries who first brought civilization to his country. It is evident how great and valuable are the benefits which missionaries have conferred upon Siam. It was Dr. Davenport, a missionary, who, in 1836, gave to Siam it first printing press, and produced the first Siamese type. It was Dr. Van Dyke, another missionary, who first organized public education. The first dictionary of the Siamese language was the work of a missionary. It gave the definitions in English, French and Latin as well as in Siamese. When King Chulalangkorn wanted to establish a government educational system in Bangkok in 1878, he called Dr. McFarland from Petchaburi to thus lay the foundation of King's College. For several years Rev. E. P. Dunlap, D.D., beloved and honored by Siamese from the royal family down, was Superintendent of Education in the Province of Trang. The first school for girls was that established by Mrs. House, now and for many years under the efficient leadership of Miss Cole. Many princesses of the royal family have been and are being educated here. Dr. Hayes opened the first hospital for the

insane, and Dr. McGilvary first brought quinine to the country. It was necessary for him to ~ire the natives to take it, but today it is sold in the market places, being called "white medicine." The first dispensaries were those of the missionaries; and when Dr. Bradley, in 1840, prevailed upon the Siamese to be vaccinated, he virtually put an end to the scourge of smallpox. Dr. McKean's leper asylum at Chiengmai has so demonstrated its usefulness that the government is planning to duplicate it in the south. Dr. McKean prophesies that leprosy will be entirely eradicated from Siam during this century. When it was desired to add a medical department to the National University, the services of Dr. George B. McFarland, the distinguished son of a missionary, were requisitioned to carry out the plan. Missionaries secured the abolition of slavery and gambling, and a missionary, the Rev. Dr. Matoon, was the first United States Consul. We might go on enumerating the great and lasting benefits con- ferred upon Siam by the Christian religion through its missionaries. While w~ acknowledge also the benefits given to Siam by Buddhism -the bringing of education and religion, the arts and some of the sciences to a people who were savages-it is clear that only faith in a living, personal God, as manifested to the world in Jesus Christ, can bring to this beautiful land the power and regenerating influence which the King and all observers acknowledge that it needs today.

GOOD MOTTOES FOR MISSIONARY MEETINGS "Unless Jesus Christ is Lord of all, He is not Lord at all." "The church that forgets itself in its passion for others will in that forgetfulness find itself." "This is a lost world to be saved, and not simply an ignorant world to be educated." "That life is most worth living whose work is most worth while." "If we have not enough vital religion to share it with all the world, it is doomed at home." "The best remedy for a sick church is to put it on a missionary diet. " "Love never asks how much must I do, but how much can I do Y" "You might as well try to cure small-pox by scenery as to try to save souls by improvement of environment." "Let us fail in trying to do something rather than sit still and fail by doing nothing." "God will not look you over for medals, degrees and diplomas, but for scars." "With God go over the sea; without Him not over the threshold."

COMMUNITY HOUSE FOR MEXICANS AT LOS ANGELES

Getting God Counteq among the Mexicans BY REV. ROBERT N. McLEAN, LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA Asst. Secretary (}f Presbyterian Board of Home Missions, in charge of Spanish Work in the Southwest I T was a new Home of Neighborly Service-the very newest, and I had gone to visit it on a Sunday morning. During the past winter, thousands of Mexicans have come to Los Angeles from Texas, Arizona and New Mexico, and have settled in groups, some large, some small. In one district adjacent to Los Angeles as many' as eight hundred lots were sold to Mexicans in the space of six weeks. Almost overnight broad acres of pasture land have been covered with shacks. The streets are lanes between huts-deep dust in summer, deeper mud in winter. The houses are "jacales," built of most any material at hand, and in many of which the Standard Oil Company has given significant and evident cooperation.

My new Home of Neighborly Service was located in one of these mushroom settlements. The district was rough, and looked it. So was the house. But it was a palace compared with the rest of the houses in the neighborhood, and it was painted. In front there was a tiny porch, above which a neat black and white sign in old English proclaimed that it was a home, whose business it was to serve the community.

The little Sunday-school was already in session when I arrived. The room was small, and the children were huddled like sheep in a 359

corral. The crowded appearance was exaggerated because all were so alert and active. They had a great deal to say and they were all busy saying it. The work was new, and these children were as undisciplined as a lot of young colts sired by wild horses, and fresh caught on the plains. A bright young girl of about seventeen was leading the singing and she was having the time of her life. The hymns were in Spanish, but she talked to the children in English, and they answered her in the same tongue. The conversation went something like this: "Now we'll sing number one hundred and eighty-five." Confusion. Finally a voice piped: "What number didja say1" "One hundred eighty-five, ya nut! Don't ya know your num- bers yeU" Then they sang; and the young lady leading soon betrayed the fact that while she spoke Spanish with the grace of a Don when conversation with some of the older children demanded, she was rather helpless when it came to reading the tongue of her fathers. Later the head worker took charge, and order took the place of confusion. Then the secret was out. Because the work was new, this wild young colt, by that sheer power of personality through which certain persons ruled over their fellows before history began, was the leader of the children in the community. Rough as she was, she was the key to the situation, and was being tactfully used to unlock the door. I was invited to speak. Awed by the way in which Shakespeare and Cervantes had been juggling for position, I knew not which to favor. "Which shall it be children, English or SpanisM" I asked the children who gazed up at me through boring black eyes. "English!" came back the cry in unison. ' 'We don't know that stuff!" I was reminded of another time when I had put the same question in another way. "How many of you speak Spanish f" I asked in English, and most of them raised their hands. "How many of you speak English f " I countered in Spanish, and every hand was raised save that of a small boy on the first row. One ought to know better than to try to be facetious with young America, even if it is young America only in the making. But I fell. "Aha!" I said, "here's a boy who speaks neither English nor Spanish. Can't you talk, son1 ,That do you speak~" Like a knife-thrust came the answer: ,'I speak American!" The fact is that the public schools are changing the language of the children. Spanish among the youngsters is only for home consumption.

GETTING GOD COUNTED AMONG THE MEXICANS

So Shakespeare won that morning in the newest Home of Neigh- borly Service, and I never had a more attentive audience as I told them a story they had never heard before-the story of a little boy who helped the Master feed a multitude by the shores of a lake.

Afterward kodak pictures were taken, and they thought they were going to be in the movies. Having left the "Home," I thought that I would like another pose of a peculiarly interesting group.

Driving back, I found that all the children had gone, save one par- ticularly bright little fellow who was playing in the yard.

"Felipe," I said, "I want an- other picture. Call those b<lYs who were with you in the last one."

, ,Aw, I can't get those kids now! They've all gone to a dog fight I"

So I went too-that is, home- ward.

Such is the community, which like a dozen others has sprung up on the edges of Los Angeles.

But what is a Home of Neigh- body Service and what is its pur- pose~ The Home of Neighborly Service is an honest effort to get God counted in the Mexican popu- "THE KEY TO THE SITUATION" lation. These people fill the old houses and tenements in the doWIl- town districts, or line their" jacales" along both sides of new streets in settlements they build for themselves. They are all counted by the census takers. Social surveys are made, and church maps are pre- pared. The Chamber of Commerce can tell you its estimate of the number of Mexicans in a given place. But nearly always God is not counted. Just as it was the duty of the Church in the early days of home missions to get God counted in the census of every new town in the West, so it is her business to get a place for God in the life of everyone of these Mexican settlements. For the Mexicans whether we will or no, are pouring themselves into the stream of our national life, and these currents must be cleansed and filtered by the power of God. In most Mexican communities, God is not counted. True He is mentioned, and in certain ways He is honored, but as far as having any vital bearing upon conduct is concerned, He is non-existent.

Occasionally the machinery of worship still grinds on; but more often even the machinery has been junked. In a large and populous county of California the health office was making a survey of the Mexican 3

population through the aid of its visiting nurses. The blank was rather complete, and one question asked was the religion of the family canvassed. One report taken at random showed 146 Mexican families visited, only 64 of which claimed to be Roman Catholic. Some few were Protestant, but the great majority frankly asserted that they had no religion whatsoever.

When the house has thus been "swept and garnished," it is highly important that the Good Spirit enter, ere the evil spirit return with his nefarious company. Sometimes the feeling of antipathy toward "the church" is inherited by Protestantism; sometimes the honest conviction that all Protestants have horns and tails makes it hard to get God counted. In such communities the Home of Neighborly Service offers a point of approach. The program varies in different places, but the commonest method is through the medium of English classes. The mothers frequently furnish a key to the situation, and often they are the ones first touched by the new enterprise. Mrs. Garcia resents it when a "home visitor" comes to her little house, and makes friendly observations, however kindly, upon the subjects of home-making, care of babies or personal hygiene I But Mrs. Garcia realizes her ignorance of the English language, and is eager and anxious to learn the meaning of the strange words which she constantly hears in this strange land. With Mrs. Rodriguez and Mrs. Lopez and Mrs. Sanchez and others of her neighbors, she visits the Home of Neighborly Service for her first lesson in English; and as soon as she steps over the threshold, the neat appearance of the house has taught more about home-making 'than a "visiting worker" could teach in a thousand years.

A course in English is easily based upon the house, and the articles it contains; and in learning these words, the wife and mother is familiarizing herself with the vocabularly of the things which she sees and uses most often. The work may cover a whole year, or several years; but the teacher by taking her class from room to room, gives lessons in home-making, care of the house, care of the children, cooking, sewing, sanitation, and marketing. As the confidence of the mothers is won, the children can be invited to play in the yard while their mothers take their English lesson. Then comes the "story hour" on Sunday afternoon. This easily grows into a Sunday-school, and the Sunday-school eventually becomes a church.

As the work grows other features are added, such as night school, clinic, employment bureau, boys' and girls' clubs. In some places a Daily Vacation Bible School, with its craft work, its picnics and its Bible study fill the house and the yard with eager children; and through them a contact is made with the community. All this calls for the aid of volunteer workers; and so the Spirit of the Master is brought to these alien strangers.

But the work is not merely a work of beginnings. All of the

1923J GETTING GOD COUNTED AMONG THE MEXICANS

larger denominations have been busy at the task of getting God counted among the Mexicans for the past decade, the Presbyterian and Methodist Churches, for the past quarter century. There are at the present time, about twelve thousand Protestant Mexican church members in the Southwest, not to mention the Sunday-school scholars, nor that large mass of adherents or occasional attendants who walk the dim borderland between doubt and faith.

The Church of the Divine Saviour, in EI Paso, Texas, is a fine .illustration of one of these Spanish-speaking congregations. The bp.ilding is both adequate and churchly, and meets the Mexican halfway in his innate love of the beautiful. There are ample facilities for a departmentalized Sunday-school, together with an auditorium that will comfortably seat five hundred people. The church functions not only through its preaching and prayer services and its Sundayschool, but also through a night school, a Saturday morning school of religious education, a day nursery, a Boy Scout organization, a Girls' Reserve, and a Woman's Club. There is an employment bureau and ample opportunity for social life, especially on Friday nights. But the most significant thing in the life of the church is the Prayer League which meets every Sunday night before the evening service. These simple people ask things from God, and get them. The church was organized in 1915, and since then, not less than eight hundred people have united with it upon confession of faith. El Paso is the chief entry port, and the distributing point for Mexican labor all over the Southwest. As a consequence, there is scarcely an evangelical Mexican church of any denomination which has not felt the pulsating life of the El Paso church.

Two men recently were overheard talking in the smoking compartment of a Pullman car. The conversation of both was highly seasoned with oaths, while each unnecessarily assured the other that he was not a churchman. They agreed, however, that they must do the fair thing and admit that America owes her greatness to the Bible. Had Cortes landed at Boston instead of Vera Cruz, the Berkshire Hills today might be full of bandits; and had the Pilgrim fathers turned the prow of the Mayflower into the harbor of Vera Cruz, what we call Mexico might today be a great evangelical Christian nation.

Nearly two million Mexicans in our American commonwealth present a complex problem. Diverse will be the methods attempted in its solution; but real success will come when we can get God counted in the census of every Mexican community.

A CONGREGATION OF CONVERTS FROM MOHAMMEDANISM AT SOLO

Thousands of Converts from Islam REV. S. M. ZWEMER, D.D., LL.D., CAIRO, EGYPT T AST summer the two months that I spent in Java and Sumatra vis- L iting a score of mission stations, holding conference with mis- sionaries and planning for the production of Christian literature were full of inspiration and encouragement. The first meeting I attended was a week-day prayer-meeting at Modjowarno in East Java. In a beautiful chapel built by converts from Islam, I found an audience of nearly two hundred, all of them converted Moslems. There was no missionary present. It was an ordinary weekly prayermeeting, but I had a visible answer to the old-time objection, "it is no use trying to convert Moslems." The missions in Java are under the Dutch Church of Holland and in Sumatra are under the Rhenish Mission. The methods used are not different from those followed in other lands. Educational, evangelistic, and medical work all have their place and power. The Dutch missionaries are thorough in the preparation of their workers, in the training of their helpers, and in the preparation for baptism. The Gospel of Christ has shown its power i compromise is not considered possible with Islam. Controversy is avoided wherever possible and converts are protected by isolation or insulation from their old environment. A number of Christian villages have been established with government approval where new converts find refuge and protection. Industrial work is to the front and an asylum for lepers and other unfortunates has deeply impressed the Mohammedans. Out of a population of thirtyfive millions in Java, there are nearly thirty thousand Moslem converts. With those in Sumatra and the other Islands won from Islam, we may count over forty-five thousand. The results among the heathen tribes are tenfold and the total number of native Christians in the Dutch East Indies is close to six hundred thousand.

3640

Khama-A Christian Chief of

A Friend of Livingstone and a Great Ruler "you BY J. C. HARRIS Author of "Khama, the Great Chief"

need not have the wagons watched now. We crossed into Khama's country last night, and none of his people will steal anything." 'l'hat remark of a British officer accompanying a party of white people traveling in the heart of Africa, is a fine tribute to the Christian leadership of King Khama of the Bamangwato. Here in the heart of Africa, on the edge of the Kalahari desert, surrounded by war-like natives, by the Boer colonists, by German settlers and by English traders and developers, King Khama has wrought a state of which civilized lands might well be proud. On February 21st, King Khama died in his ninety-fourth year having lived a life unique in the annals of kingship, whether African, European, or Asiatic. It is not often that an African lives to the age of ninety-four since conditions of climate, of warfare, of living are against it. It is not often that a king in Africa-or elsewhere for that matter-lives to the age of ninety-four; unusual temptation to lives of excess are against it. King Kharna's story is unique in Africa and unique among kings.t Bechuanaland lies between the Orange River on the south and the Zambesi on the north, a narrow strip of country about 1,000 miles from north to south, and with an average breadth of 300 miles from east to west. The southern portion is called British Bechuanaland, having been proclaimed a Crown Oolony in 1885. The northern and larger portion is the Bechuanaland Protectorate, in area about 275,000 square miles, over five times the area of England and "Vales. The Bechuana people are divided into various tribes, each retaining some of the ancient totemic names and customs, ruled by hereditary chiefs, under the paternal sovereignty of Britain. The chiefs have almost despotic power so far as tribal customs and laws are concerned. Crimes and laws affecting white men are dealt with by British magistrates. By all the laws of precedent and all the principles of eugenics, Khama ought to have become a super-savage, a scheming, relentless, black butcher, in a red blanket, and, had he done so, ere this, his name would have been blotted out of history and his tribe would have passed into oblivion before the decimations of war, famine, pestilence, and the civilization of "Cape Smoke." But by some divine alchemy the entail has been broken, and a character drawn from such springs has been for fifty years as a Well of Life in the Deserts of the Great Thirst Land. From what ancestors did he draw that t Quoted from M. L. Fiske in the Ohristian Advocate. 365

strange dignity, that perplexing rectitude, which have made his name respected alike by black and white, by heathen and Christian, by trader, hunter, soldier, and missionary'

Khama stood so utterly apart from his ancestry, and had so utterly broken "his birth's invidious bar," that some have declared that he owed nothing to heredity. He came from a long line of polygamous and savage chiefs, though the records of his Royal House are mercifully hidden in kindly oblivion.

Khama was described by Sir Frederick Lugard as the greatest living African. He ruled over 35,000 subjects, and his life was one of the romances of Christian mission work.

"He worked as a boy of twelve with his father, who was a witch doctor, and then the chief met David Livingstone," Basil Mathews of the London Missionary Society writes. "This was on Livingstone's :first exploring journey in Central Africa. In his early twenties Khama became a Christian and was baptized with his wife. He infuriated his father by refusing to be a polygamist or be associated with witchcraft.

"Khama was a great prohibitionist. He fought the manufacture of kaffir beer by his tribe because he saw its demoralizing influence, and was so furious with the white settlers who, after repeated warnings, refused to stop selling spirits that he exiled them from his territory. "

Khama :first heard the Message of Christ from the unknown trader or hunter who visited his father. Later he saw Livingstone and Moffat, and heard it from them. The London Missionary Society, yielding to advice from Moffat and Mackenzie, decided to occupy Shoshong as a center for the work amongst the Makololo, the Matebele, and the Bamangwato tribes.

Mackenzie threw himself into the work of evangelizing the Bamangwato, with all his heart. For a time he had as his colleague Roger Price, a man who to this day is remembered by the natives as one who spoke their language better than any white man they ever knew.

Khama became chief of the Bamangwato, by the election of the head-men of the tribe, in September, 1872. He accepted the position with some reluctance. "I have not fought for the chieftainship, but for my life," said he.

Under any circumstances it was no light task to rule a people bred in bloodshed and superstition-"half devil, and half child"; but to break free from the only forms of restraint known to them, and to appeal to motives foreign to their thought, was as dangerous as it was difficult.

His first dilemma arose from the fact that, as chief, he was officially responsible for the due performance of certain heathen rites and ceremonies involved in all the popular traditions of the tribe,

KHAMA-A CHRISTIAN CHIEF OF AFRICA

and regarded by almost all the people as essential to their very existence. A.s chief, he now represented this cultural inheritance, and these "short-range animal emotions," as Benjamin Kidd calls them, and which, he declares, become of less and less importance as civilization advances, but which are, nevertheless, tenacious in the primitive and savage mind. A.s a private person, he had, at no little cost and peril, broken away from the herd, but to do so as chief demanded courage and conviction such as few men possess.

The people were about to com- mence to dig their gardens, mid this was always done with elabo- rate ritual, the origins of which run back into immemorial myths, and which seem to have some kind of relation to the rites of Adonis described in Fraser's "Golden Bough. " Khama called the tribe to his "letsemma," as a Christian chief, in a Christian way, and thus publicly acknowledged from the outset his adherence to the Chris- tian faith. He told his people that, while he did not prohibit heathen ceremonies, they must not be per- formed in the khotla, and, as chief, he would have nothing to do with them. KHAMA, APTER FIFTY-FIVE YEARS' RULE Then followed a CIJristian service, led by Mr. Mackenzie.

The next difficulty concerned the white traders who hall come to live in the town, or who from time to time passed through the country. From the days of his boyhood he had seen the ravages which the white man's drink caused amongst the native people, and a strong determination had grown in his mind that, if ever he became chief, he would keep this curse from his country.

On becoming chief, Khama had stated his wishes to the traders individually, and for a time there was some improvement, but he found that newcomers were bringing the drink into the country. So, on January 1, 1873, he called a meeting of all the white men, and they came, to the number of twenty-one, though several only came after repeated summons. His speech was clear, direct, and imperative. He formally announced his law about "boyalwa" (strong drink). It was henceforth illegal to sell it in the town or to bring it into the country.

Khama's prohibition of the white man's brandy, though regarded by some as arbitrary, and by others as fanatical, was so

obviously based upon sound reasons that it could be defended by all classes as a mattQr of social and economic expediency. Such conscience as existed amongst his own people supported him, and very few of his head-men opposed him, openly, at least.

When Khama donned the leopard's skin, the insignia of his chieftainship, he found himself faced by active and relentless enemies. First there was the deep undertow of paganism. Many of the old men clung to the ancient customs, and tried in every possible way to perpetuate them. The people, though many of them had forsworn the superstitions in which they had been bred, were still subconsciously dominated by them. "When the half-gods go, the gods arrive "-but the half-gods linger long. In Britain, after centuries of Christian tradition, we are still swayed by the gods of the gutter, and can it be wondered that a people steeped in centuries of fear and savagery should still tremble at the glance of the witchdoctor1 Then, on the borders of the Bamangwato country, were the Matebele, and other tribes, waiting like hungry wolves for any chance of attack. Next, the Boers were intriguing and fomenting intertribal quarrels all around, with the ultim~te intention of getting possession of the country, and unscrupulous traders were always on the watch for any opportunity of smuggling in the prohibited brandy. Moreover, famine always hovered near; drought and rinderpest were the frowning faces behind every smiling harvest.

In the face of odds like these, Khama took up "The Black Man's Burden," made sometimes all the heavier by the White :Man's greed, to build up law and order out of the ruins of anarchy.

In May, 1885, seventy British troopers rode into Shoshong, under the command of Major-General Sir Charles Warren, and the country was formally proclaimed to be a British Protectorate.

Great meetings were held in the crowded khotla, and the representative of the Great White Queen, Victoria, was handed a document which stated Khama's views, and revealed no less his character. Khama's 'statement expressed his willingness and desire that his country should be under the protection and control of Great Britain, that the English people should come and live in it, and he offered to fight alongside the British in any time of necessity. He, however, definitely required that certain rights should be reserved to him as chief and to his people. He wished not "to be baffled in the government of my own town, or in deciding cases among my own people according to custom." He desired that the tribal laws as then in force should be maintained, especially the law concerning intoxicating drinks, and the law regarding the lands of the Bamangwato unalienable. He offered to hand over a tract of land to the British Government, and said: "I feel that I am speaking to gentlemen of the Government of England. Shall I be afraid that they will requite me with Boloi" (witchcraft-deception) l' After many speeches by

the head-men and councillors, Sir Charles Warren replied: "I am glad to hear Khama, your chief, speak. Your chief speaks in the interests of his people, as a chief ought to speak. Khama is a true chief."

In November, 1899, Ma-Bessie, Khama's wife, died. His eldest daughter, Bessie, acted as his housekeeper for some time. until, about a year later, Khama married Gasekete, daughter of one chief and widow of another. Unhappily she also died eighteen months after the marriage. His third wife was Semane, a fine Christian woman, trained in the London Missionary Society school, and it has been OVER 2,500 PRESENT AT A SUNDAY SERVICE IN KHAMA'S PLACE OF ASSEMBLY suggested that it is possible that their young son may be designated to the chieftainship.

In 1892, definite proposals were made by Cecil Rhodes that the southern portion of the Protectorate should be annexed by the Cape Colony, and that Khama's country should be handed over to the Chartered Company. There were doubtless financial as well as political reasons for this project, but Khama had moral and political reasons for resisting it.

So Khama, and the other chiefs involved in the matter, decided to "appeal to Cresar." In 1895, accompanied by Bathoeng, Chief of the Bangweketsi, and Sebele, chief of the Bakwena, and under the guidance of the Rev. W. C. Willoughby and the Rev. E. Lloyd, Khama came to England, to place his case before the British Government.

The chiefs were well received wherever they went. Their picturesque personalities appealed to the imagination, even where they did not challenge the conscience, of the British people. Their case

was greatly helped by Mackenzie's article, and by the advocacy of W. T. Stead in the Review of Rev·iew8.

The chiefs were determined not to come under the rule of the Chartered Company. They insisted on remaining "children of the Queen. " In the end Khama won. In November, 1895, Mr. Chamberlain gave his decision, which provided that a strip of territory on Khama's eastern border, not exceeding ten miles in width, was to be handed over to the Company for the purpose of building the railway to the north; and similar concessions were to be made by the other chiefs. But the chiefs were to live, as heretofore, under the protection of the Queen, and were to rule their people as hitherto. "White man's strong drink," wrote Mr. Chamberlain, "shall not be brought for sale into the country now assigned to the chiefs, and those who attempt to deal in it or to give it away to black men will be punished."

The Bamangwato have been lifted out of savagery through the devoted labors of the missionaries of the London Missionary Society, which has been the only Christian organization at work amongst them from the days of Livingstone. The policy of the Society is that of a broad and sane evangelism, and its aim is not to make sectarians of any particular type, but to teach the great evangelical truths common to all branches of the Christian Church. Khama saw, as all sensible men must see, that to introduce the rivalries of warring sects amongst his people would only lead to confusion and strife. Sectarian divisions have caused so much mischief amongst white Christians that it seems incredible that any should wish to impose its alien bitternesses amongst the heathen, especially while there are millions of other natives still unevangelized. It would appear, however, that there have been some who have not scrupled to depreciate Khama's character and belittle the Bamangwato Church, because they do not conform to their own ecclesiastical fold.

No living African has so completely vindicated the potentialities of the Bantu race, or won so high a place in the aristocracy of character as has Khama. True, he escaped the woe pronounced upon those of whom all speak well, and he has enemies and detractors. That is an added testimony to his character. But tributes to his greatness come from the most unexpected quarters. In "The Diary of a Soldier of Fortune, " by Stanley Portal Hyatt, the author shows his aversion to missionaries and their work, and his contempt for the native people, of whom he speaks with the characteristic arrogance of the white globe-trotter. And yet he says "Khama is a native statesman and a black gentleman …. r admire him as much as I detest his people …. I have no love for missionaries, and even less for native Christians, but the greatness of Khama goes far towards redeeming the faults of all the others." At the end of his

KHAMA-A CHRISTIAN CIDEF OF AFRICA

o EHG~/SH /4/l.. £.3 100 ,2{)O .100 ! I , !

KHAMA'S COUNTRY. THE BECHUANALAND PROTECTORATE days, Khama found that "the price of peace is eternal vigilance." He was faced by the old, old foes of drink, of heathenism, and family intrigue, with the added confusions of plausible and intolerant sectarian,ism. The Bamang'Wato Church will have to pass through the fire of. persecution when the sheltering support of their old chief is gone and the long-suppressed forces of heathenism break out anew. The prestige and influence of the chief have been a great help,· but in some degr.ee tended to retard the development of independentJ~on­ viction and- personal sacrifice for their faith. It has been a 'state church, with all the advantages and all the perils of such patronage.

But for all that, it stands as a well in the desert and a miracle in the earth. From that Church, where the chief led his people to prayer, and where true Christian characters have been formed, there spreads out into the wastes a stream of influence that makes for healing and light. For many years the Bamangwato have sustained their own mission work at Lake Ngami and numerous little stations in other lonely outposts. Khama has shown the world what potentialities are hidden under the black skins and behind the inscrutable faces of the natives. He vindicated the manhood which comes to birth under the power of the Christian faith. He was a Kaffir, a man, a king, and a Christian.

A MOTHER'S DAY SUBJEOT-THE MISSIONARY MOTHER By A MISSIONARY DAUGHTER N o artist has yet painted the Missionary Madonna. The true artist ~ould stand humble and helpl('ss before such a th('me. No classic portraiture of Materna would help him, for he would instinctively know that here was the Great Paradox. 'What classic Madonna is portrayed without a child? Yet it would not be appropriate that a little child should be figured nestling in the lap or clinging to the robe of the Missionary Madonna. Her arms would be empty and the look in her eye would suggest the uttermost parts of the earth. One would know that the whole world is hers because she has given of her own to it. Nor would the expression betoken a giving begrudged. The pride of an heiress woUlld sit upon her brow, for she counts herself not worthy to keep her own and in her meekness she inherits the earth. One who would look closely would notice the delicate, petal-like ear, intent to hear the slightest whisper from above, from abroad, from within; and the lips parted slightly in acquiescence to that whispered message. Eagerness and response would both be seen, and would tell the story of unfaltering patience and active devotion. Courage and joy would shine from her eyes, betokening bravery humble in its infinite strength and a heart of gladness such as the God of Joy Himself bestows.

Surely the true artist might well despair of finding a model for such a conception! Yet if the creative power of a master-mind and the skill of a master-hand were mine, so that I might attempt the portrait, I would give it the expression, the features, the character, the spirit of self-sacrifice of my Mother.

But what need for an artist to paint her picture f She is carried, not as an idealized portrait but as a realized life in the hearts of those who fondly call her Mother. Nor is the critic's comment necessary on this or that feature of such a portrait. Its whole significance is interpreted by its ruling passion: THE UTTERlIWST FOR THE HIGHEST. Nor need the philosopher try in vain to account for such a life. It is itself an interpretation of the Life Broken by Love.

among the Churches in

BY REV. C. E. MANNING, D.D., TORONTO, CANADA General Secretaxy of the Board of Home Missions, Methodist Chilrch of Canada FOR twenty years organic union between the Presbyterian, Con- gregational and lVIethodist Churches in Canada has been a prominent issue. When the General Conference of the Methodist Church was in session in the city of Winnipeg in 1902, two of the three outstanding Presbyterian ministers who addressed the Conference as fraternal delegates from the Presbyterian Church made a strong and impressive appeal .fot the union of the Methodist and Presbyterian Churches. The result of this appeal was the appointment of committees by the Methodist, Presbyterian and Congregational Churches, with a view to framing a basis of Union on which they might consummate an organic Union, which would constitute them one great Church. These committees met in joint session in old Knox Church, Toronto, in December, 1904, and at in-. tervals thereafter until in 1908 they presented a completed draft of a Basis of Union, which with slight modification has been accepted as a satisfactory Basis of Union by the three negotiating bodies.

The members of the three Churches have signified by vote their acceptance of this basis. This action on the part of the people has been confirmed on different occasions by the highest courts of the denominations concerned. Competent lawyers have drafted the necessary legislation to complete the Union. The proposed bill for the consummation of the Union was adopted by the Joint Union Committee in September, 1922, and with slight amendment unanimously accepted by the Methodist General Conference the following October. It will be considered by the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church at its meeting in June, 1923, and by the Congregational Union at its next meeting, when, if adopted by these two bodies, the Dominion and Provincial Legislatures will be asked to give legal sanction to the proposed Union and constitute the three Churches "The United Church of Canada."

The foregoing statement is necessary to an understanding. of the very extensive cooperation which has been carried on between the three negotiating bodies in recent years. Prior to the adoption of the Basis of Union in 1908 some attempts had been made to avoid overlapping and unworthy competition between the Presbyterians and Methodists in their mission work in the rapidly developing areas of Western Canada. These were but moderately successful. It required the atmosphere created by the negotiations looking toward organic Union to enable cooperation to proceed on anything like an adequate scale.

373

In many small villages and sparsely settled areas the people were very impatient over the unnecessary duplication of effort and the waste of resources involved in having two or three churches and as many ministers when one church and one minister would better meet the needs..They consequently proceeded to organize Local Union Churches, which now number fifty-five. These are really independent congregations made up of members of various denominations, but chiefly of Presbyterians and Met.hodists. They have adopted the Basis of Union referred to above, and if organic Union is effected between the negotiating bodies, will form part of "The United Church of Canada." In the meanwhile they are independent of the parent bodies, being connected with them only through the medium of an advisory council, with which they confer from time to time. They claim to be the pioneers in a great movement which they expect will ultimately result in the inclusion of all the Protestant Churches in Canada in one great Christian Church.

At the time these Local Union Churches were being formed, a larger measure of cooperation between the denominations negotiating ·Union was urged in resolutions of the highest courts'. In 1911 an agreement for cooperation was adopted. This was amended in 1917 and again in 1922. It provided for cooperation by delimitation of territory and by affiliation of the membership of cooperating congregations with one or all of the parent bodies.

Nearly if not all of roral Western Canada has been divided between the negotiating bodies, each having its territorial sphere of responsibility upon which the other cooperating Churches agree not to encroach. In some areas which are served by only one of the Churches, two or more membership rolls are kept, on which the names of the people are entered according to the denominations to which theY' belong. These Churches report regularly to the parent bodies and are under the jurisdiction of one of them as agreed upon by the Cooperation Committee.

Of approximately 400 pastoral charges in Saskatchewan there are only 29 which have not been affected by cooperation. In a certain section of the Province of Ontario 169 pastoral charges have come under cooperation. Prior to cooperation they had 767 preaching places; they have now 598, or 169 less than formerly. This does not mean that the people are without religious services. Formerly in many places the Methodist and Presbyterian Churches conducted services in the same community on the same day, and often at the same hour; now the congregations worship together and are served by one minister where previously they had two.

By cooperation in Ontario 111 ministers have been released for work on other fields and large expenditures of money avoided.

According to figures obtained in January, 1923, 1,245 pastoral charges had been affected by cooperation or IJocal Unions. 1,014 of

COOPERATION AMONG THE CHURCHES IN CANADA

these were by delimitation of territory, 176 were affiliated charges and 55 were Local Union fields. This is not a local movement. It has spread throughout the whole Dominion and extends from Halifax on the east to Vancouver Island, in the Pacific Ocean, on the west, a distance of 3,500 miles; and from the American border to as far north as there are people to serve. There are not a score of mission fields west of Montreal where there is overlapping or duplication of effort by the negotiating bodies.

This movement is not confined to pastoral charges. It extends to social service work of various kinds, to summer school arrangements, to theological colleges and to the pUblication of Sundayschool periodicals. There are four theological colleges in the city of Montreal, established and maintained by the Anglican, Presbyterian, Congregational and Methodist Churches, respectively. The students in all of them sit in the same classes and take lectures from the same professors. A similar arrangement obtains in some other university centers in Canada.

The Presbyterian, Methodist and Congregational Sunday-schools use the same Sunday-school papers, which are published by the Methodist Publishing House in Toronto, each denomination having· its imprint on the papers sent to its schools. The Religious Education Boards of the three bodies meet together and plan their work in joint session.

The diversified character and the great success of cooperation between the Ohurches named offer a most impressive object lesson. It was made possible first by an appreciation of the magnitude of the task confronting the Oanadian Churches through rapidly extending areas in cities and country places to which they could not minister without uniting their forces, and second by the atmosphere of goodwill and kindly feeling associated with the Union Movement.

Perhaps it should be pointed out that the proposed Union will be different from any other recorded Union of Protestant bodies. Different branches of the Presbyterian Ohurch in Canada united years ago, as did also various branches of the Methodist Church; but they were but branches of the same parent bodies. They subscribed to the same creed, had much the same forms of church government and similar forms of worship. They had very little to surrender in coming together. It is quite different in the proposed Union. It means that these three Ohurches, each of them with a great history and with traditions which are very sacred, have agreed to ignore their differences, subscribe to a common creed, accept the same form of church government, surrender the names by which they have been known, and for the glory of God and the good of Canada become incorporated in one body and constitute "THE UNITED CHURCH OF CANADA." If this Union is accomplished it will be one of the most important achievements of modern times.

AN INDIAN'S GIFT FOR HIS PEOPLE HON. CHARLES H. BlTRKE, WASHINGTON, D. C.

"Jackson Barnett is reputed to be Oklahoma '8 wealthiest Indian…. He is probably the most advertised Indian in the United States, not only because of his great wealth, but on account of his marriage about three years ago to his present wife, who is alleged to have kidnapped him from his guardian in Oklahoma and to have taken him to Kansas, where she married him…..

"Upon the r~quest of Jackson Barnett himself, and in view of these experiences and of the fact that-aside from his wife-Jackson Barnett has no living relatives who have any legal or moral claim upon him, it was concluded by the Secretary of the Interior and the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, after a full personal consideration and consultation with A. J. Ward, Creek National Attorney, and Superintendent Locke, of Muskogee, Oklahoma, to make such a disposition of the bulk of this estate as would remove it as a further temptation to those whose interest in Jackson. Barnett is prompted only by the fact that he has money.

"There has been given to the American Baptist Home Mission Society of New York, as a permanent endowment fund for the use and benefit Of Bacone College and Murrow Indian Orphans' Home at Mus- . kogee, Oklahoma, $550,000. To insure to Barnett an income sufficient for his needs, regardless of any contingency during his lifetime, the society has guaranteed to him, as a first charge against said fund, the payment of $20,000 a year as long as he lives, out of the income from his gift…..

"The same amount, $550,000, has been given to Mrs. Barnett, and she in turn has created a trust fund of $200,000, the income from which to the extent of $7,500 a year will be paid to her husband during his lifetime….. These gifts have been made absolutely, and are not conditional or in any way dependent upon the guaranties of income…..

"During the last two and a half years the Indians of Oklahoma have made other gifts of approximately $475,000 for the land, buildings, equipment and endowment of the Murrow Indian Orphanage and Bacone College. These gifts have been approved by the. Indian Bureau. The General Education Board of New York has also made a gift of $80,000 and the American Baptist Home Mission Society $40,000 for the buildings of Bacone College. These gifts from the Indians and their friends amount to $1,145,000, of which $700,000 is for endowment and $445,000 for land, buildings and equipment. The student body of both institutions is made up of representatives of twenty-one Indian tribes, coming from wide Indian areas….. President B. D. Weeks, the head of the schools, is enthusiastically devoted to the upbuilding of these institutions and to the intellectual and moral enrichment of Indian youth."

The gift of $80,000 by the General Education Board and the gift of $40,000 from income of special funds by the Home Mission Society were conditioned on the gifts of large sums by the Indians, and have led, through the efforts of President Weeks and others, to the remarkable gifts mentioned by Commissioner Burke. The Murrow Indian Orphans' Home is under the direct supervision of the president of Bacone College, and while it has been supported chiefly by the Indians, the salaries of certain teachers and matrons have been paid by the Woman'8 American Baptist Home Mission Society.

OUTSTATION SCHOOL IN THE KWATO MISSION USED ALSO FOR A

ConAicting Forces in Papua Modern Civilization and the Gospel of Christ BY REV. CHARLES W. ABEL, KWATO, NEW GUINEA T HIRTY years of Christian mission work in New Guinea has produced marked results upon the aborigines who have been thus brought into contact with western civilization. The savage cannibal tribes who, at first sight, might have been considered almost hopeless, have in a remarkable way responded to the appeal of the Gospel. As new districts have been opened up to the East and to the West, missionaries have undertaken a seemingly impossible task, and after a few years have proved the power of Christ to transform the most degraded men. An important part of the evangelistic work in the island is now being conducted by Papuan converts who were formerly degraded savages. Along hundreds of miles of the coast simple but sincere Christians, scattered in scores of heathen villages, make up the membership of the young Church.

The triumphs of grace amongst these backward people make an inspiring story. But, fortunately, this is only one aspect of the case. While multitudes of this barbarous people have been brought to the knowledge of Christ, other forces have been at work which, if not controlled, must lead to their extinction. When I first went to live in the southeast of New Guinea there were only seven white men in that part of the country and they were not all permanent residents. In those days we lived among a strange aboriginal race on whom western civilization had made no impression. One had only to pene- 4 377

trate a few miles into the interior to discover that no white man had ever been there. The savage and untutored natives were not merely curious to catch a glimpse of the strange foreigner but they were bewildered by the spectacle: Wllen the novelty wore off and we were able to go about our work, free from unpleasant scrutiny, we were still conscious of being odd persons who did not fit in with the prevailing conditions. The feeling of isolation was sometimes almost as acute as if we had been living on an uninhabited island.

Today, in the center of this same locality, there is a small, growing township with three hotels, three large general stores, various government offices, bonded stores and warehouses, a bank, a cinema theatre, wireless telegraphy, a hospital and a number of private dwellings. A regular line of steamers connect this port with Sydney, New South Wales, calling every three weeks. White men have taken upland along the coast and have formed plantations for the cultivation of cocoanuts, rubber, etc. The white population numbers about 700 people who either reside in the township or make it their busine·ss headquarters. The coast is sometimes quite alive with the sails of white men's boats.

This drastic change in the conditions of the' country has been a serious matter for the Papuan. Both government and mission reports state that the native population is diminishing and there is also a marked declension in the alertness and vitality of the people. The houses that the natives build today are generally inferior in size and in workmanship to those they used to make with crude implements before the advent of the white man. While most of the glaringly vicious practices of their former savage life have been set aside, abortion and adultery have alarmingly increased and divorce, which thirty years ago was very rare, is now common.

It may be difficult to understand how such havoc is wrought among a people who have been brought under a flag which is pledged to safeguard aboriginal rights and who have given the benefits of the Gospel. With the incoming of western civilization, the Papuan has received many real advantages. The local government has made good laws and commerce has brought material benefits. Mission reports are also encouraging. But in spite of the good which these forces have brought to the Papuan in both material and spiritual things,· his old life has been so shaken to its foundations that he is faced with racial disaster. The new order has in it destructive elements far more evident in their results upon his life than are the constructive forces. Benefits have been doled out by the handful; while the things which are bringing about his material doom have been distributed broadcast.

For example, abortion was always practiced to some extent by the Papuan, but formerly this was largely due to the division of labor, which allotted the work of agriculture to the women. The men

CONFLICTING FORCES IN PAPUA

felled the heavy forests, chopped up and burnt off the timber; fenced in the garden; dug up the soil and then left the cultivation of grain, tare and sugar cane to the women. Every women had to do her share or she and her family were short of food: Often the woman could not spare the time to bring up a large family of children and this led to abortion. But the marked increase in this practice is due to the entire breakup of the old clan systems under which these people formerly lived. In one generation the Papuan has changed from a position in which he had next to no responsibility except as a member of a clan, to one in which he stands, almost independent of any rela- tionship to the community. Woman can no longer depend upon the cooperation of her sex in the pro- duction of food, so that it is more difficult under the new conditions for her to regard motherhood with complacency.

This radical change from en- tire dependence upon the coopera- tion of his fellows to an almost complete independence of them has been promoted by unexpected causes-such as the enforcement of inter-tribal peace and the con- A TYP ICAL NEW GUINEA NATIVE sequent intermixing and intermar- rying of former neighboring and enemy tribes. This far-reaching effect brought about suddenly by government ordinances, cannot be over-estimated. Among other things it has dispensed with the pri- mary necessity for the clan system-united action against a common foe was necessary for self-preservation. It has been one of the chief factors in forcing individualism upon the people.

The introduction of steel axes, knives, :fishhooks, matches and a hundred other things which commerce has popularized and which become immediately indispensable and easily procurable, has struck a deathblow at the center of the Papuan social system. Stone axes and shell necklaces, which Papuans used to prize, have lost their value because steel axes and imported beads are found in the white man's stores in unlimited supply. Any native can get the necessary price by selling a few fowls or pineapples or by engaging in some kind of service for the white man. It was with his former wealth that the Papuan secured a wife and to make an initial present to his bride's family he had to elicit the help of everyone of his relations.

He had, therefore, to satisfy them in his choice of a wife so that mar-

riage was a family-almost a tribal, as well as a personal-contract. Commerce has helped to change all this by destroying old values and by making the indispensable new things so easily accessible. If a man wants to get married today he is no longer restricted to the former friendly tribes in his choice of a wife, neither is he dependent upon the help of his relatives. He pleases himself and both the man and the woman have a new· sense of individuality. The change which has made marriage easy has also made divorce easy. Under the old system, in order to put his wife away, a man had to break a contract between two tribes. The present which his family had given to the parents of his bride was an important investment, the equivalent of which was in after years returnable to them and then passed back- wards and forwards between the two peoples. No man dare lightly break such a contract. If he did, he could not remain with his di- vorced wife's tribe; he could not return to his own people and, if on rare occasions, he might break through conventions, what chance had he of remarriageT This new independence brings him no responsi- bility and no restraint; consequently divorce is common.

It can easily be seen how, for similar reasons, adultery has spread within recent years. Under the old native law the offense met with the penalty of death. There was no escape from this and it acted as a powerful deterrent. Under British rule, adultery is pun- ished by the infliction of a fine or a few months' imprisonment!

In former days homebuilding was, like agriculture, a community affair. Heavy timbers and materials for walls and roofing had to be fetched from long distances. Today the Papuan cannot obtain labor on the old terms by merely providing the laborers with food while they work. Now a native looks upon labor in the light of dollars, so that housebuilding has become a more difficult proposition-hence poorer houses are built.

These are illustrations of ways in which Western contact with these backward people has resulted in some form of retrogression. The two largest factors in his general declension, however, will need no explanation-namely, the introduction of diseases formerly un- known to these people: venereltl, phthisis, measles, whooping-cough, etc.; and the fact that by compelling the Papuan to live at peace with his old enemies, many of his former industries and nearly all his art have been destroyed.

Notwithstanding the seriousness of the present situation, how- ever, there is no reason why the changes should result in such tragic disaster to the Papuan. The decline is not inevitable, if we are suf- ficiently awake to the danger and sufficiently interested in his welfare to give him needed help. The Papuan has proved himself ready to .seize an opportunity of self-improvement. He is teachable, capable, adaptable and if he is carefully trained when young, he becomes

CONFLICTING FORCES IN P APUA

lIlR. ABEL LEAVING THE HEAD STATION, K WATO, FOR A lOO-MILE JOURNEY IN A D UG·O UT CANOE industrious. We need to give him instruction in such branches of skilled mechanical work as shall fit him to make the best of his latent abilities and to equip him to be of service to his fellow men.

The task of assisting this backward people through this transition period will be neglected unless it is undertaken by the Christian

Church. Philanthropy and humanitarianism are not long-sighted enough to reach these far-distant, little-known Papuans. The salvation, physical as well as spiritual, of these out-of-the-way natives rests with the Church because Christians alone will go to the very ends of the earth to discover and minister to those in need. It is to us that the command comes, as we have opportunity to "do good unto all men, especially unto those who are of the household of faith." No merely material help can meet a case like this. It would be waste of money, and waste of effort to attempt to set the savage man upon his feet merely by educational methods. The regeneration of his heart must precede the reconstruction of his life. Only the power of the crucified and risen Christ working through the Holy Spirit can accomplish this. When we deal with the renewed man" old things have passed away," all things become new, and the most difficult problem is simplified. But these babes in Christ become the care of the Chu~ch.

What a field for Christian service New Guinea presents to the yout.h of America! "'-IVe need young men of consecrated life and prac- tical experience and skilled in various branches of knowledge to give at least a part of their life to the Lord in service for the Papuan.

As in the early Church, we need today for this special ministry "men of honest report, full of the Holy Ghost and wisdom whom we may appoint over this business." .

(FO'1' a Ust of special needs 8e~ the back cover of the REVIEW.) THE AMBULANCE AT KWATO MISSION STATION Tb is ambu lance and the building were g1"en as a memorial to an Anglican nurSe who lost her Ure in an epidemic. It was built by Kwato Dative carpenters and was opened by the Lieutenant-Governor, Judge Murray. C.M.G.

and the Country Church*

BY PROF. A. R. MANN, ITHAOA, NEW YORK Dean of New York State College of Agriculture SEVERAL years ago the New York State College of Agriculture at Cornell University made a detailed study from a farm man- agement standpoint of all the farms in Tompkins County, New York. There are eight towns, or townships, in the county, exclusive of Ithaca. When the study was completed, the results were summarized by towns, and the eight towns were listed in a descending scale according to the relative prosperity of the farms within the several towns. Two years later, Reverend C. O. Gill was sent into the county to make a detailed study of the program of the rural churches. Mr. Gill spent the time necessary to.get the records for a twenty-year period for all the churches of all denominations in the county. He listed the eight towns in a descending scale according to the comparative decline in church vitality and serviceability. These towns were found to rank in the same order in the two surveys. The churches registered accurately the economic prosperity of the people who constituted their actual and possible constituency.

While economic prosperity does not guarantee religious vitality, the fact remains that in general there cannot be erected a Christian social structure on an economic base which cannot sustain it. Excessive prosperity may be injurious to church activity, but farmers generally are below the income group at which interest in the fellow man and in spiritual values develops. The problem is to bring the farmer's income to a point at which it is possible for him to live in reasonable comfort and in good health, with a surplus on which his children can go to school and to church and which he can share with others in the support of community institutions.

Professor Gillette, speaking of the social gains which come from improved economic conditions resulting from the devices, methods, and inventions of the American people, says: "Compare Oriental society, where philosophy and faiths have flourished for ages, as never in the Western world, with Western society after the invention of the railway. The former has remained inert and passive. It seems powerless before the advances of the Occident, notwithstanding the hundreds of millions of people whom it includes." Other things being equal, the community that manifests the most vigor-and progress in intelligently improving its methods of production is likely to be also the one showing the most vigor and vitality in improving its social conditions.

.. Oondensed from an addreso before the lnternat!()nal ASSOCiation of Agricultural MiSSions, Ni>'' Y(I1"k. December 7, 1920.

383

Agricultural education has everywhere concerned itself also with the human, spiritual aspects of country life as distinguished from the economic. Agriculture is both an occupation by means of which persons make a living, and a mode of life. Oareful students of the history of mankind have repeatedly ShOVlIl that if the intellectual and spiritual nature of man is to be developed there must be some measure of release from physical exertion. Extreme physical and mental activity are incompatible. By improving the methods of farming and somewhat lessening its burdens and exactions, agricultural education seeks to set free, in a limited degree, botli the time and the inclination for the things of the mind and the spirit. Farming needs to be improved if the higher interests of life are to thrive. A civilization which is spiritual cannot find a healthy rootage in a situation which is either economically poor or physically exhausting. It may find some rootage, but not the sort which leads to abundant life or the full expression of the highest nature of man.

Improvements in farming are not a final end in themselves, but are means to higher ends,-way stations on the route to intellectual and spiritual goals. The final term in the whole country life enterprise is the farmer itself-his elevation, making possible to him the best fruits of an advancing civilization, enlarging and enriching his personality and his spiritual resourceS.

The great need everywhere, in the home lands and in the mission lands, is for trained resident leadership. This leadership should combine character training and technical training. In America agricultural schools and colleges are training the leaders who will stay in the country and influence it. To an ever-increasing extent will they be the successful persons in agriculture who find in this calling an outlet for their best abilities and ambitions. To send into the country, at home or abroad, leaders with superior training in agriculture and with clear and established Ohristian ideals, is gradually to mould and possess the rural population of the future. We are now training tpe leaders of the next generation. The person who comes to a community bearing aid to relieve human need and to increase human comfort, gains entrance and is received. Demonstration of superior ability in the workaday things begets confidence and opens the way to wider influence.

It is frequently necessary and desirable for a time, to subsidize social institutions from without until their value has been demonstrated to the people of the locality. But the institutions will never be a vital part of the people until they are supported and developed by the community itself. In the beginning, missionary churches in the rural places frequently have to be subsidized or financed from the outside. A program which frankly seeks the highest welfare of the people served will seek, however, to make the institutions stand on their own feet as quickly as possible, lest the people be pauper-

FARMERS AND THE COUNTRY ORURCH

ized and spiritually impoverished. If this desirable end is to be accomplished we must have, among other things, two conditions Which the teaching of agriculture seeks to bring about: First, we must have a thrifty and reasonably prosperous popu- lation. An unthrifty population is a hopeless group in which to develop eagerness for spiritual yalues. The church in such a situa- tion quickly finds it must inculcate thrift if it is to advance sub- stantially in its evangelical endeavors.

Second, there must be a relatively permanent population. In America one of the most destructive conditions with which the church has had to contend has been the shifting rural population, the farmer who does not establish himself long enough in any com- munity to become a part of the community life or become interested in its institutions. Other things being equal, the strong church will be found where the population is relatively the most permanent. It is a first consider~tion with the church that the community shall have holding power for its people. One of the first essentials to such holding power is the ability to acquire a good living and the en- couragement to long land tenure or ownership. The church needs the results of agricultural teaching in these fields if it is to thrive.

But economic success alone does not guarantee holding power; it must be accompanied by a healthy development of social institutions, particularly of the school and the church. The interplay and interdependence of the social and economic forces in a community is one of the most evident facts in country life. The two cannot wisely be separated. In America our most successful rural ptistors are recognizing that they must seek to promote the total life of their communities if they are to achieve their :;piritual objectives. Colleges of agriculture receive great numbers of requests from country preachers for aid in their work; and there is no class of calls to which the colleges are more ready to respond. The colleges of agriculture, on the other hand, look on the churches as permanent institutions in the country life which should be made highly serviceable. The colleges are concerned with the promotion of country life as a whole, spiritually as well as economically. They are therefore deeply concerned as to the efficiency of all the permanent institutions ministering to country life.

The development of agricultural missions is a component part of the foreign missionary enterprise, as an opportunity for the largest service to the people and as an accelerator of the higher social and spiritual ends which have always been the chief purpose of missionary endeavor. The importance of agriCUltural education and research to national economy and integrity and to social advancement has dawned on the world; and its development is going forward rapidly. The missionary agencies have a strategic opportunity which may escape them if they do not lay hold on it.

MBTHODS

EDITED BY MRs. E. C. CRONK, 844 DREXEL BUILDING, PHILADELPHIA PECULIAR DIFFICULTIES OR UNUSUAL OPPORTUNITIES?

I N any average assembly of miS&ionary workers about one hundred per cent could testify that they are laboring under peculiardifficulties.. .A few are such masters of tine discrimination that they would say rather that they were having unusual opportunities.

Two men were cast into jail. One sat down in hopeless despair, and surrendered to his peculiar difficulties. The other rose up to meet the unusual opportunity of days and months and years of uninterrupted leisure. He called for pen and paper and gave to the world Bunyan's , ,Pilgrim's Progress."

Two men were stricken with blindness. One bowed low under his peculiar difficulty, and with placard proclaiming to every passer-by his affliction, and tin cup in his hand, stood at the street corner waiting for sympathetic pennies. The other stood erect lifting his blind eyes to heaven and said, "What is it Lord?" Into his heart came the de- termination to open the Bible and the pages of history and literature to other blind eyes. He gave t() the world the Moon system, of reading for the blind with this simple testimony: "It has pleased God to bestow on me the talent of blindness. I have tried hard not to bury it in the napkin of despair and hopelessness but to use it for his glory." Tw~ WOlnen went out from offices of New York specialists with the words of diagnosis of incurable disease ringing in their ears. One be- came a despondent burden to her friends because she could not face her peculiar difficulty. The other said, "To me, a diagnosed leper, has been opened suoh a door of opportunity as has never before boon opened to any woman of America," and Maxy Reed sailed back with a song to meet her unusual opportunity of work among the lepers of India.

If you want to work "under peculiar difficulties" you need not move. There is a convenient street corner near by, and there are always'

a few kind hearts to drop sympathetic pennies into any extended cup.

If it is sympathy you crave, stand still, adjust your tag and hold out your cup. But if it's unusual opportunity you long for, lift up your eyes' and look. .

Peculiar difficulty or unusual opportunity is yours for the choosing.

A FEW SUPPOSITIONS took a long-time contract in the moun- Suppose you had been president of tains of the south, would you be deso- one of the livest missionary societies lated by the peculiar difficulties or would you see, as one woman saw, an in New York. Suppose you had served unusual opportunity to start a moun- on national and international boards tain Sunday-school; to secure proper and committees. Suppose that one medical attention for defective chil- day your. husband, a civil engineer, dren; to enlist hundreds of friends in 386 supplying clothing, books cl.D.d maga- your unusual opportunity by starting zines for those in need and in pro- .. . Moonlight Schools and Torchlight viding scholarships for bright girls Schools for men and women who must and boys' work all day T..

'" '" '" Suppose that you were a Sunday- school superintendent who did not Suppose that when you were a have one teacher who had a vital inchild, you had had an illness that left terest in missions. Would you despair you with a slight iameness, which be- or would you arrange to send one or came more and more pronounced until more of your teachers to the best you could no longer walk but had to Summer School within reach and then face the balance of your life from a have a teachers' Mission Study Class hospital bed. Would you spend that or Discussion Group the next fall Y life explaining to your friends and yourself and your Lord what great A HOSPITAL READING CIRCLE things you would do if it were not for "Likely about a month." the peculiar difficulties under which For a busy woman who was used you were placed or would you do what to doing things the doctor's answer Ida Gracey did, convert the sympathy to the question, "How long will I that was aimed at her into sympathy have to stay at the hospital!" was for uncared for, crippled girls in not esveeially inspiring. "It won't seem long, " he added en- China, until by letters, and conversa- couragingly, "because you know you tion, and prayer she secured $3,000, can roll around in your wheel chair to build the first home for crippled after this week. ' , The Patient sighed, "Please hand girls in China T… .. .. me my book," she said to the nurse as the doctor went out. Suppose that you lived in a good "What are you reading'" asked the other Patient in her double room. residence section of Philadelphia, and "The new Mission Study Book. I was ready to get up a Reading Circle that day by day Italian laborers en- in our Church when I met with this dreadful accident, and now I can't croached more and more in your do a thing." "Cheer up," encouraged Patient street. Suppose you saw one "re- Number Two. "I'll join. I was on my way to a Mission Study Class spectable" famBy after another move when an automobile struck me." "Isn't that great !" said Patient away in disgust. Suppose you saw Number One, with enthusiasm. "I don't mean the automobile striking your husband's congregation fall off you, but the idea of having a Reading Circle in the hospital. It'll work too. in -attendance Sunday after Sunday. People would join anything in a hospital. " Would you pack up and move out to That was the beginning of it. There was a rapid succession of events which escape the peculiar difficulties that resulted in two friendly-rival Reading Circles. Missionary books, leaflets and made your work impossible or would magazines were included. In a few days two wheel chairs were running you have the vision Lillian Weaver races up and doWn corridors, in par- lors and out on the sun porch. Cassiday had to see the unusual op- portunity that had come to her doors, to begin an Italian kindergarten and mission? '" '" ..

Suppose that you were a pastor who had been ueed to large city c.ongrega- tions and that you had been told by your physician that your only hope for life was in a high altitude; sup- pose you had taken a congregation in a neglected mountain district. As you met day after day men, women and children who could not read or write would you complain about the hopelessness of working under such peculiar difficulties or would you face

Gossip travels last even in hospitals Typical Oues and soon everyone knew about the CASE I.-Symptoms: Congregation Rival Reading Circles. The head. divided into two factions. Constantly nurse kept close watch to see that no fight each other. Great bitterness. patient was annoyed and the staff Diagnosis: Apparently a peculiar physicians, noting what an added im- difficulty. In reality an unusual oppetus was being given to the complete portunity. recovery of convalescent patients, Treatment: The only hope is to get agreed that a bulletin announcing the both factions under such a heavy daily score should be· placed in the mutual responsibility that only their hall. Doctors, nurses and other mem- combined strength can lift it. Underbers of the hospital sitaff became so take the support of a missionary. If interested that they joined, and after this does not engage all the fighting reading a ~eafiet, read a book. energies, take two missionaries 01' a whole mission station. Make a survey The end f Why, the end isn't in sight yet. Two nurses and one doctor to discover the need for community decided to go into medical mission service. Put everybody to work. The work, a number of men and women fact that two factions will fight each who had never known anything of other is a hopeful sign. They have missions were interested and half a fighting blood and if anyone is ailert dozen people decided to have reading to lead them to a proper battleground circles if they ever got home alive. and enlist them in a worth-while task they will do valiant service. "IF IT WERE NOT FOR THE CHIL- CASE No. 2.-Symptoms: Women DREN" intensely interested in clubs and civic What officer of a missionary society affairs. No interest in Missions.

has not heard the tired mother say Diagnosis: Do not mistake this for she would come to the society, "if it a peculiar difficulty. It is generally were not for the children." Here is prevalent in many sections. Close the challenge of oppo·rtunity which diagnosis pronounces it an unusual one society met by arranging parallel opportunity.

meetings for children. There were a Prescription: Women who are few volunteer nurses to care for the working in clubs and civic a.ff'airs babies amI several teachers to tell are women who do things. They wiH stories and direct play and hand work. not give their time to a Missionary The eager children soon became the Society that is not doing things.

best attendance officers bringing their Study carefully the program and motbers, aunts, and big sisters with leadership of your society. Counsel them. with .your consecrated club women as to plans that will enlist the women BE A DISCRIMINATING DIAGNOS- you want to reach. Assign big tasks TICIAN to women of big capabilities.

"A good practitioner but an aw- CASE No.3. Symptoms: "Only a fully poor diagnostician," said some- few people in our Church will work. one of a certain physician. "If his We have to count on the faithful few patients don't die before he discovers for everything;"

what is the matter with them he'Il Diagnosis: Clear case of opportu- most likely cure them." nity for enlisting more workers.

That is the ease with many mission- Prescription: By rotation of of- ary workers. The reason we lose so ficers, train various· women to do many cases is because our diagnosis various types of service. Study aU is "difficulty" when it should be "op- available talent and put it to work.

portunity. " The treatment that will Avoid "glittering generalities" in kin in one malady will cure in an- asking for service. A woman who will other. neve~ give a second thought to the

~EST

implied request "We doso long to have Prescription: Circulate freely the you work in our Missionary Society" MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD.

may give specific response to "Will Give from five to fifteen minutes to a you get twenty-five girls to sing at good speaker to present it at every the next meeting' Have them dressed conference and eonvention. List it in in Red CrosEl uniform and ask them your missionary literature announce- to sing the Crusade of Compassion ments. Require it in your standards Hymn." Make your meetings depend of efficiency in Mission Study or Read- on as many people as possible. Lea,rn ing Circles. Subscribe for it for all as a leader never to do anything you your home and foreign missionaries.

can train anyone else to do. It's Rapid and continued improvement is!

easier to do things oneself than to sure to follow this treatment, strength- train others, but prophet-leadership ening the heart action of any denomi- trains its successors. nation or congregation.

CASE No.4. Symptoms: "No men CASE No.7. Symptoms: Members interested in missions in our Church. of missionary society are listless in Only women in Mission Study Classes. " the spring. Do not attend meetings. Diagnosis: Opportunity for espe- Diagnosis: Exceptional opportunity to enlist men. cially inviting Spring plans. Presc.ription: The following used Presc'ription: Begin with a Discussion Group. 'Get the best man to be by IIJl Evangelical church in Cleve- land, Ohio, was very effective.

had, to conduct it. Any of the new ~priug 3nilwer :Seding Mission Study books will furnish basis of ti)r of discussion. Hold meetings at _ay moman's missionary ~oddg church or some home, or downtown .dlunilllY EU~ttittg, lat, 7:311 , ••• at a club or hall. Serve lunch or supper 80 that men can come to class Q!aluaryR' Q!l1urtl1 directly from their work. A IItl)lIn IUIiI IIrll11tatu:~1I 'r"gram will bl! rl!ttllenll by ilJe 1I"….aa lItirrle. CASE No.5. Symptoms: Only one woman will lead in prayer. lIl)I! lIarma cGlel! ClUub will ailtg.

".1lI. m,. A–a. …rltg:n …. Jhp.

Diagnosis: Opporrtunity to train E"I!ry Ani"I! llnil A ….ariat" .mb…. fa mllltrll others. attil will rrri""I! a Prescription: Prepare program of ~priug 1lflown iliIoquet.

prayer as carefully as you do pro- "This invitation was sent to every gram of study. Have chairman in member or prospective member a week charge who outlines the things for or two in advance. On the morning which your society should pray defin- of that lovely May Day a group of itely. Ask women to pray for specific the younger women who had recently things. If necessary, write words of joined the society, and who drive their prayer for them. After they grow ac- own cars, drove out to the farm and customed to the sound of their own woods of one of our members to gather voices they wiN phrase their own a variety of flowers and great branches prayers. Give to every member a list of blossoming trees to beautify the of objects of special prayer for the assembly room. We arranged about month. Circulate literature on prayer. two hundred bouquets of flowers and CASE No.6. Symptoms: Lack of put them in baskets to float in the knowledge of world missions. No in- water of the spring by the old rustic terest in work of any other Boards. spring-house while we ate our picnic Positive ignorance of general home lunch in a lovely woodsy spot near and foreign mission work. where Garfield used to live and prac- Diagnosis: Opportunity to eirculate tice speaking in his father's woods.

up-to-date interdenominational mis- "That night there were II hundred sionary magazine. and twenty-five at the meeting instead

of the usual thirty or thirty-five. To- not .on Broadway, New York City- and a crowd of about 500 men and ward the end of the program we called women had gathered to hear what the man on the box had to say. They an intermission and a group of six heard the story of God's love, and hearts were moved. In response to women presented the bouquets which an invitation to accept God's gift of Jesus Christ as Saviour and Lord, they carried in pretty sandwich several had raised their hands. When the leader learned that the two were baskets. When we began the meeting GeI".lllan and F'rench, he asked them to make a full surrender, with the rethe weary look which proclaims the sult that they publicly knelt in prayer.

advent of spring housecleaning days Among the "soap-box orators, " some of whom are politicians, Ethical was in the eyes of the women. It Culturists and Free Thinkers, who boldly give vent to blatant blasphemy, was all gone when the beautiful spring the Institute's staff of trained outdoor speakers proclaim the Gospel of the blossoms brightened the entire room. Lord Jesus Christ to the great mul- titude who throng our city streets. "Three other groups gave the pro- Many have questioned the wisdom gram. Four in costume, gave mono- of attempting to preach the Gospel in the highways and byways, feeling logues, four spoke from home-made that the subject is too sacred for the street and that the church building charts, and the Glee Club composed is the proper place for the proclama- tion of God's Word. of members of the society sang. About We have, however, the example of forty members had some part in the our Lord and the Apostles. As He and they went up and down throughmeeting. MRS. W. L. NAUMANN." out the land, they gathered the crowds on the seashore, at the roadside, in CASE No.8. Symptoms: Dozens of the city streets, in the market places, and on the hillside to proelaim unto women shut in because of illness, or them God's plan of salvation. We have, also, the example of such men detained by business or domestic ob- as Savonarola, George Whitefield, Charles Wesley, William Booth, and ligations from attending regular mis- a host of others.

sionary me'etings. We have also the Lord's command to go and disciple the nations, Mat- Diagnosis: 'fhe symptoms have dis- thew 28: 19. We know of no other way to obey this command than to do couraged many leaders who are con- just as we are told, that is, GO. It sometimes appears easier to prepare vinced they have a case of "peculiar an attractive program and send out invitations for the people to come, difficulties. " In reality there is a but experience teaches that sinners do not readily accept such an invigreat opportunity. ' tation.

Prescription: Start an Extension "Mike" L…. , an Italian truck driver, had received many invitations Department for all those who can not to attend the meetings but never gave heed until his little son was attracted attend tbe meetings. Duties of ex- tensiOll members should be to pray for the work, to read letters or literature sent them regularly and to make reg- ular offerings. In the Methodist Epis- copal Church the eleven branches of the Women'8 l<'oreign Missionary So- ciety have about 40,000 extension members who support thirty-three missionaries.

REACHING THE MASSES By JOHN N. WOLF General Director of Evangelistic Work, National Bible Institute It was a strange sight the policeman saw as he pressed his way through the crowd at a National Bible Institute outdoor evangelistic meeting – one that caused him to pause in perplexity. Two men, one a Frenchman, the other a German, were kneeling side by side at the curb while another man prayed aloud.

It was midnight-but that matters

19:!31 n:FJST MElTlIO:DS 3!1l

to a meeting on the corner and became Nothing that is really worth while acquainted with one of the Sunday- ever happens by chance. In order school teachers, who was not ashamed that our outdoor evangelistic C!liIDto stand on the street for Christ. He paign may be fruitful, OUI' plans are became a member of her class and carefully laid. one night said to his father, "Pop, you ought to go over and hear those people The National Bible Institute has alsing. " That night "Mike" attended ways endeavored to preach the Gospel the outdoor meeting and turned to as often as possible, in as many places Christ. The next night he brought as possible, and to as many as poshis wife and she, too, was converted sible. This being our aim, the aggresand so an entire family was brought sive campaign is planned to reach out of darkness into Hght. all classes and all races. Meetings are held in the financial districts for In no place in the wide world are reaching the bankers and brokers, in we better able to obey the great com- the "Hell's Kitchen" district where mand to " disciple the nations" than vice holds sway, at the various sumon the streets of our great city of mer resorts, and in the great "White 'New York. Here are gathered to- Light" districts. We have had meetgether people out of every country, ings for Jews, Russians, Italians, every kindred, every tribe, and every Pol e s , Ruthenians, Lithuanians, tongue. Here we have more Jews Greeks, Germans, and {)thers, in the than in .Jerusalem, more Irish than in various sections where they colonize, Cork, more Germans than in Berlin, addressed in their mother tongue. more Hungarians than in Budapest, One of these, a Roumanian Free more Italians than in Rome, to say Thinker, waf! converted and in a short nothing of the Greeks, Spaniards, time brought his sister to Christ, then Poles, Scandinavians, and in fact, all his old mother and is now laboring the other nations on the face of the with his infidel father. earth. Many times the people have stood Recognizing the efficacy of street "in season and out of season" in the preaching in reaching the people with rain and in the snow, and oftentimes their propaganda, the Bolshevists and when the thermometer registered 100 Free Thinkers have been swift to avail degrees. Even in zero weather peop~e themselves of the opportunity of pre- have stood and listened to the Gospel senting suchtopics as "Free Love," message. Our campaign is planned "Knocking the Bottom out of the according to the motto of the National Bible, " "Letting the Daylight into Bible Institute, "Aggressive-Evan- Hell," "Revealing the Fake of Chris- gelism-Every-Day-in-The-Year." tianity, " etc. Meetings have been conducted on the street corners for "I never believed in the Bible or the avowed purpose of denying God Jesus Christ lmtil I started to come and His Word. Some of them open to these meetings, but you fellows with the most blasphemous parodies have got me now," said a young man on Christian hymns. after he had at.tended our meeting at While all this devilish influence has been at work, some Christians, utterly Wall Street for two weeks. Punctuunconscious of the appalling dangel' ally at the appointed hour the meetto which their boys and girls are sub- ing is opened and within a short jected, seem content to attend the regular church sel'Vice and occasion- time there is a regular constituency who gather day after day to hear the 8!lly contribute something toward the support of missionaries in the foreign Gospel message. As by constant fields but are indifferent to the great hammering the rock is broken, so by opportUnity and tremendous need at hearing the message day after day their own door. the hardest hearts have yielded to the claims of God.-The Bible Today.

Woman's Home Mission

EDITED BY MISS FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, NEW YORK MAY AGAIN * But the story is incomplete and the By LESLIE PINOKNEY HILL impression misleading if we refer only to the plan for the physical en- Again the southeru winds at ease joyment. In increasing numbers, Caress the blossom·laden trees, women and men are seeking resorts While 0 'er the heavens gay which provide, not only rest. and Is writ in gold and hues of wine A brightly blazoned seript divine- recreation for the body, but mtel- May COme.9 again, sweet May. lectual and spiritual contacts as well.

Again what glories wake the dawn, Those desiring this threefold bene- And how old warrior trouble, wan fit we invite to a contemplation of the And weak, is driven out; places and programs of the Schools. With what clear throats the sparrows sing, of Missions affiliated with the Coun- cil of Women for Home Missions. How musical the drone bee's wing, In seventeen different centers of our And how the children shout!

But sweeter than an nature rife country, as you find r~corded b~low, With Bong and bloom that zest of life these Schools are bemg sustamed. The places of location are, many of Which fills the spirit up them, of such wondrous charm as to With joy new·born of homely food And peaee that whispers "God is good,"

And overruns my cup. attract thousands not drawn by the In coat of hope-and·courage clad, spirit of missions. I am a bold Sir Galahad, Other thousands are no less ap- On quests that cannot fail, preciative of Nature's call, but to For with elear vision now I see them the challenge of the complicated That one who daily walks with me and perplexing problems facing the Holds up the Holy Gxail. Church today has become irresistible.

SCHOOLS OF MISSIONS In 1922 over 7,100 were registered in attendance upon the Schools of Mis- By FRANCES MAOMILLAN FERGUSON sions affiliated with the Couneil. The Chairman of the Committee on Schools of attendance is increasing and other se('tions are requesting the establish- Missions Council of W(}men for Home , Missions From my window I have been look- ing of Schools. . . ing upon the fast falling snowflakes, myriad upon myriad being added to Program commIttees are un~easm.g­ the already bountiful provision. Turning from the lure of Winter's ly a;lert to provide that whlch wlll charms to peruse a [etter from a friend, I find that one of the principal prove truly helpful in equipping for topics is where and how we shall spend the coming vacation season. service. Women, gifted in the art of While still "snowbound," and wrestling with fuel administrators l.est we teaching, are responding with marked shiver unduly, we are plannmg to avoid the heat of summer. devotion to the numerous requests for leaders in the study of the textbooks.

Not only is the subject matter clearly and logically presented, but the text is both illuminated and supplemented by the results of reading and research, furnishing those in attendance upon the classes program material sufficient • This poem by a Negro poet is found in The to challenge the most intellectual Wings of Oppression. It Is copyrighted by The womi'n of any community.

Stratford Company who have kindly given per- The Schools also provide classes in mission to the Council of Women for HOIl!e methods both for adult and for junior Missions to reprint several poems from thIS groups.' No program is complete volume; others may be found in the November issue of the REVIEW.-EDITOR, 392 without classes in Bible study, and Where I may climb and drink the pure trained Bible teachers are more and llew day, more in demand. The missionary textbooks afford new treasures for re- And see where winds away search each year. The pnth that God doth send me, shining Among the most delightful experi- clear.

-Edward Rowland Sill.

ences in attendance upon a School of HOME MISSIONS INSTITUTE, Missions are the personal contacts, CHAUTAUQUA and some of the most enriching of these are afforded by the presence of By FIU~(lES MAOMILLAN FERGUSON home missionaries. How vitally they Chairman of the Committee on Chautauqua, relate us to their various fields of Couucil of Women for Home MissioIll!

service! Beginning on Saturday, August The pr[)gram of a School of Mis- eleventh, and continlling through sions is not. a static thing but 'one of Friday, the seventeenth, the Home constant growth and development. It Missions Institute under the direction is a reservoir of instruction, method of the Council of Women for Home and suggestion. The thousands of Missions will be held at Chautauqua, women in attendance each year upon New York.

some School of MiS1>ions are so many Hundreds of women will be present human channels conducting the in- and register as participants in this spiration and instruction received school for the study of missions and into the places of personal contacts, training for leadership. Very many refreshing fields of opportunity with if not everv state in our Union win deeds of loving service. be repres;nted, and many lands The task of the Church in the home- across t.he sea. We may with a great land is almost overwhelming; the degree of accuracy use the words of . enemy seems to have eome in like a the apostlel in describing the assem- blage of women at Chautauqua for flood. But in the great phalanx of our Home Missions Institute that they trained Christian workers may we are "from every nation under not see the Spirit of the Lord lifting heaven. " up a standard against the forces of evil? One need not assume the role of a The Horne Mission theme for the prophetess in speaking thus conficoming year is "Saving America dently of that which has not yet come through Her Girls' and Boys." This to pass.. ,Ve are but anticipating the subject of vital interest should compel future in measure as. the experience the attendance of women in greater of the past jnstifies. In this confinumbers than ever before in the dence the Chautauqua Committee of Schools of Missions, where under the Council of ,Vornen for Home Mistrained leadership the possessions and sions is planning for the summer of possibilities of "our second line of 1923.

defence" will be reviewed. ,Vill you The program has not yet assumed be there to participate in the review? sufficiently definite form ·for publica- tion but in the indistinct outline we A BRIGHT HILLTOP see many good things in store for Not some dread cavern, hoar with dank and those in attendance. The study of mould, the current textbooks for adult and for junior groups, always. occupying, Where I may creep, and in the dark and p,erhaps, the center of the arena of cold i~te'rest, will be led by those fuBy qualified for the task. The very fre- Offer some awful incense at a shrin!) That hath n(} more divine Than that 'tis from Life, and stern and old.

But a bright hilltop in the breezy air quently expressed desire for the study Fresh with the morning sunshine, high of methods hal': borne fruit and this and clear, year a class in methods under a thor- 5

oughly approved leader will be a new 8-Mrs. Elijah Barton, 4259 Linden feature of our program. Young wom- Hills Boulevard, Minneapolis, Minn. en's work will be emphasized. De- Mt. Hermon.. Oalifornia-June 24-30-Mrs. nominational rallies and eonferenees Paul Riymond, 90 Santa Moniea Way, are being planned. San Francisco, Oalifornia. Mountain Lake Park, Maryland-July 30· The Chautauqua Committee earnest- Aug. 6-Mrs. May Leonard Woodruff, ly requests that as many home miS,. Allendale, N. J. sionaries as possiMe will plan to be New Orleans, Louisiana- November- Mrs. W. B. Sommerville, 1718 Palmer present during the week of the Insti- Avenue, New Orleans, La. tute. Their presence and their liv- Northfield, Massachusetts–July 5-13-Mrs. ing, vital messages are an inspiration. T. Raymond St. John, 341 Webster Avenue, Long Island City, N. Y. The Chautauqua Institution has Oklahoma City, Oklahoma-June 4-9-Mrs. very generously accorded to our Insti- Frank Hampton Fox, 1946 W. Park, tute the privilege of placing a speaker Oklahoma City, Okla. in the amphitheater four mornings St. Petersburg, Florida-.Tan. 28-Feb. 2- Mrs. G. W. Cooper, 250 Fifth Ave. N., at the ten-forty-five hour. The un- St. Petersburg, Fla. usual privilege and opportunity which Southern California (Los Angeles)-June this affords of extending the influence 4·8-Mrs. Q. G. Rowley, 181 S. Virgil of home missions in this place of al- St., Los Angeles, California. most universal assemblage is gratify- Wilson College, Chambersburg, Pennsylvania ing indeed. Four great missionary -June 28-July 6-Miss Mary O. Pea· addresses may be anticipated. coe.k, Torresdale, Pa. Winona Lake, Indiana-June 18-25–Mrs. The New York Symphony Orches- R. M. Peare, 5759 Winthrop Avenue, tra will give a concert each evening Chicago, Ill. and on Wednesday afternoon. Other features, speeial in eharacter, are Home Missions Institute being planned and we believe we are safe in promising to all who come to Conducted by Council of Women for Home Chautauqua, August eleventh to Missions seventeenth, the opportunity of instruC'tion and training under skilled Date and ChaW-man for 19183 leadership, the most wholesome and delightful fellowship and entertain- Chautauqua, New York-Aug. 11-17-Mrs. ment in harmony with the spirit of John l"erguson, 10 Sterling Avenue, White Plains, N. Y. missions. PRAY-GIVE-GO Schools of Missions Three things the Master hath to do, Affiliated with the Oouncil of Women for. And we who serve Him here below Home Missions And long to see His Kingdom come May Pray or Give 01' Go. Dates and (Jlwirmen, for 19183 He needs them all,-the Open Hand, Bethseda, Ohio-August 7·10-Miss Mary I. The Willing Feet, the Praying Heart To w ,1<: together and to weave Scott, 310 Tomlinson Ave., Moundsville, A three-fold cord that shall not part.

W. Va. . Not all can Go; not all can Give To speed the message on its way, Boulder, Colorado-June 20-28-Mrs. A. A. But young or old, or rich or poor, Or strong or weak-we all can pray- Reed, 670 Marion Street, Denver, Colo. Pray that the gOld·:filled hands may Give Dallas, Texas-Sept. 23-28-Mrs. L. P. To arm the others for the fray; That tbos'} who hear the call may Go; Smith, 1933 Drexel Drive, Dallas, Texas. And Pray-that other hearts may Pray!

De Land, Florida-Feb. 4-9-Mrs. John W. -Selected.

Smock, 320 N. Boulevard, De Land, Fla. THOSE WHO GO Houston, Texas – Oct. 1-5 – Mrs. O. C. For those who go, Lord, hlessed days Of song and service, prayer .and praise; Weaver, 6709 Sherman Street, Houston, The strength to labor, and the graee To meet I'ach care with smlling faee. Texas. Thy faithful friendship may they know; Thy blessing, Lord, on those who go. Illinois-Missouri (Greenville, m.)-July 17· 21-Mrs. J. D. Bragg, 638 Oakwood Ave., Webster Groves, Mo.

Lake Geneva, Wisconsin-.Tune 25-July 2- Mrs. R. M. Peare, 5759 Winthrop Ave- nue, Ohicago, Ill.

Minnesota (Minneapolis-St. PauI)-June 3-

Woman's Foreign Mission

Editorial Committee: MRS. HENRY W. PEABODY, .A.urcE M. Kn,E, GERTRUDE SCHULTZ When you receive the May number Honorable ,Japanese Fan," by Marga- of the REVIEW the study books for the ret Applegarth. This will provide a year will be ready for you. study book and a story book for the Weare to make the closer acquaint- Juniors from ten to fourteen years of ance of our nearest neighbor, Japan, age. Sunday-school classes, Mission this year, through several new books. Bands, Christian Endeavor societies The Senior book, "Creative Forces will find it fascinating. Everybody in Japan," is by Galen Fisher, who knows what a baseball fan is. Miss has done a fine piece of work for the Applegarth believes that we must have Y. M. C. A. in Japan. Its chapters enthusiastic boys .and girls who know give an idea of the scope of this book. why we should be warm friends to all 1. Assets and Liabilities of the Japanese the boys and girls in old Japan. In her "Suggestions to Junior Leaders" People.

2. Militarism, Reaction and Liberalism. Miss Applegarth will show how to use 3. Social Pa'oblems and Christian Solutions. this delightful book. Those who wish 4. Religious Resources and Problems. 5. Epochs and Achievements of the Christian to make it into lessons may do so, those who prefer to dramatize it will Movement.

6. The (Jhallenge of Today and Tomorrow. have no trouble in following Miss Miss Charlotte DeForest, president Applegarth's suggestions. Chapter of Kobe College, has written the book headings are: for women and gIrls. It is called, Introduction: Wanted-A Fan. "The 'Woman and the Leaven in Japan, " and has a very artistic Japa- 1. The Basket that Opened a Door. "",. nese cover, designed by a Japanese 2. On the Wings of a Paper Prayer. ……

3. A8tonishing J apaneae Prints.

4. The Honorable Inside·of·the·House.

artist. Miss DeForest has brought 5. After Five Sleeps; or the Worm That Turned. into this book so much of interest and 6. Butterflies and ABO's. charm that we believe many will come to a' new understanding and apprecia- Miss Gertrude Schultz is preparing tion of Japanese women who are de- the "How to Use" for "The Woman veloping into one of the most impor- and the Leaven in Japan" with a tant factors in the new Japan. This series of " Outlines of Creative Forces book is illustrated with an unUlmwl in Japan." She will suggest plans collection of beautiful photographs for study classes and will also fur- which are reproduced, twenty-four of nish programs for the monthly meet- them, to illustrate her chapters. ing of the 'Women 's Missionary So- 1. Then and Now. cieties.

2. The Japanese Family System.

3. The Lif~ of a Girl in Modern Japan. Do Yon Kno….. EVERYLAND7 4-. Women's Colleges in Japan. 5. Fields Where Japanese Women Have This is the child of the Central Committee on the United Study of Succeeded.

6. What Christian Women Are Doing in Foreign Missions. It aims to provide Japan. good stories and pictures for boys and Last, but not least, comes "The girls of all ages, not just the very little children, although they have a The prices of th e books are: the Senior book, in paper, 50 cents, p()stpaid, and in cloth, page or two. It is a magazine of 75 cents, postpaid; for the Junior book, In World Friendship. The only world 13ap-er, 40 cents, in cloth, 65 cents. uHow to friendship thus far possible has been Use" and "Suggestions," 15 cents each.

895

that established on the teachings of sibilities. Will you undertake to cir- J eSllS through missions. Everyland culate EveTylund? Write to West carries closely this thought and en- Medford, Mass., and get sample copies deavors to help boys and girls. in all and suggestions. See what you can do the countries of the world to know immediately, for only as the magazine and understand and like each other. succeeds in getting on a fair basis this We talk a great deal about plans and year can it hope to go on. leagues to prevent war. We shall never do it by leaving pe0p'le without THE WORD IS JOYI the knowledge that will help them to appreciate their neighbors in other Everybody must share in the joy lands until they are grown men and that has come to the women who have women. Germany began to train chil- held the outposts in China, India and dren in militarism when they were Japan. It was such a delight to be from eight to ten years of age. Why able to cable them that the Woman's are we ilOt training children as lovers Union College campaign wo,s over and of ppacr and goodwill 1 I do not know their buildings were assured. of any reason except that we do not take the trouble. Now the letters are coming back and we realize what it will mean to them. Here is a magazine ready for you Are you not glad you helped? at $1.50 a year. It is expensive, to produce, for w'~ pay for the best stories From Mrs. Alice B. Frame, of and pictures. It cannot possibly pay Yenrhing College, Peking, comes the for itself without a large circulation. following: What will you do to stimulate the circulation of Everyland this year? "I'm' sure you will excuse a borrowed What is to hinder your taking it in typewriter, and even red ink, for it is all your Sunday-school; a subscription that is at hand, and I simply must write you for each class? Get it into your Pub- at once of our joy over the news that was brought by your cable this morning. lic Library. One of the best libraries 'JOY' seems a pale word. Ever since in America has subscribed for twenty- January 1st, we had been on the watch for four copies. "Ve actually have more a cabl e from you. The college girls would subscriptions today from Public Li- ask wistfully, now and then, 'Has any word braries than we have through anyone come–yet T' for they seemed to have felt of our Mission Boards, and yet this that when we cabled the $1,200 l'Ifex. which magazine, which includes Home and they had made by heroic exertions in giving Foreign Missions, is intended to meet 'Much Ado about Nothing,' before the the needs of Mission Boards which can- end of the year, that perhaps it had comnot afford to pllblish denominationally pleted the three million dollars! So we a magazine of the quality that wiH waited and waited, hope ebbing a little lower attract growing boys and girls. Sup- each day, though it just seemed to me that pose you take a little trouble for this after all the labor and prayer that have been enterprise and make it a success. put into raising that fund, it simply aoUld There will never be any money in it, not fail. And all my letters from home for we cannot obtain advertising for friends, from California to, Massachusetts, a children's magazine, but it might be had told of the superhuman effort you and created self-supporting and will, we Dr. Scudder and others had been making. hope and pray, save life through world friendship during the impressionahle So when this IDo.rning the stately old gateand unprejudiced years of childhood man brought in a cable I opened it quite and youth. Some of you who read this indifferently; but I was fairly petrified may regret that you cannot do great with joy when I read those magic words, things for the Master. Perhaps you 'Fund completed.' It was almost time are less active than you were. Here for the bell which marks the end of the is a simple, easy task with great pos.- class period, so I flew for our big Yenehing flag, sent word to all the teachers to come into the central court in front of the library when the bell rang, and ordered the funny old bellringer to ring the bell as he never rang it before! He did! And the girls came pouring out of the laboratories and class-rooms, trailing note-books and pencils, with puzzlement all over their faces as they saw me waving the cable on the library steps, and the blue and gold Yenching ban- ner waving beside me. 'Come,' I called,

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

'Come and hear the news I' And they came, in fatigue and strain and how marvelously crowding up excitedly. So then I told them. you have carried through this wonderful And they did what I have never seen re- achievement. served, dignified Chinese students do before, -they just jumped up and down, and "To us, of comse, it is just like a wonclapped their hands, and began to sing, derful dream, but we keep reminding our- 'Yenehing will shine tonight '-thongh I selves that it is true. Thanks that cannot think there were lump' in their throats just be expressed in words are all we can offer as there was ill mine, for the pretty tUlle to yOll and all who worked with you and to sounded a little husky. And then they said the Christendom of America. I think of again, 'Tell us again how much it is I' and so many whom I personally know who have then they clapped again, and burst into the toilet! and worked so splendidly for us and real Yenehing song, in stately Chinese. If it is a great joy to remember their names you could have seen tbe solemn-glad look on and faces. their faces as their voices rose and fell in that quaint Chinese music with its words of , 'Of course, there is another side to it, fervent loyalty to their beloved Yenching; and we do deeply feel the ;responsibility. if you could have heard their burning If so many in America trust us so much we prayers of gratitude in their little prayer- must indeed see to it that the College proves groups that night … itself worthy of the trust.

, 'I musn't write more. I fear it all "Thanks more than I can say." RounLis rather incoherent and confused. But I am only trying to say thank you I " Ginling cables "Gktd Gratitude." Dr. Scudder, of Vellore Medical Miss Florence Nichols, of Isabella School, is here and has helped to bring Thoburn College, Lucknow, India, about this happy ending. writes: A LITERARY TREASURE CHEST " Just as our 'College Day' closed yesterday I received your wonderful cable- The Federation Committee on gram. I think you have done remarkable Christian Literature is glad to present work to have got the whole amount of money. its latest ward to the readers of the I am sure all Our Colleges are deeply grate- REVIEW. Although less than a year ful to you, we are especially so, because am old, this chrld is outgrowing her buildings were all started and we were clothes and the anxious parents are doubtful whether we would :finish them_ looking eagerly about for the where- Now this welcome news makes us feel that withal to replenish her wardrobe! We we shall be ahle to :finish in good style." commend to yonI' interest and con- sideration thi~ new magazine for boys Dr. A. K. Reischauer, of the Wom- and girls of high school age in India an's Christian College, Tokyo, Japan, -The Tt'easure Chest. says: A million boys and girls of school "Your cable 'Fund Completed' .reached age in India who can read-and no me on Friday and you can imagine what a yonng people's magazine or periodical joy it was to get it. I at once reported till The Treasure CJtest appeared last the good news to all those whom it most July! cone.erns and they join me in congratulating you upon your success aud in thanking you Only a fraction of this million use for your self-sacrificing labors which have English, the rest using one or another marle this success a possibility. I felt like of the ten great language3 of India, sending such a message by cable but I do but as there are some English reailers not want to spend a cent of this precious in each of these language areas, The money that is not necessary. Once more, TreaS'ure Chest first appeared. in Eng- 'Congratulations and Thank You.' " lish as the best way to introduce itself to the whole of India. Already there Miss Eleanor McDougall, of Wom- is such a demand for translations that en's Christian College, Madras, India, it is planned to reproduce it in six of writes: the chief vernaculars as soon as funds are available_ It costs only $300 a "It is really very difficult to Bay any- year additional for each translation! thing to you about the splendid fact con- The editors are chosen and waiting, veyed by your cablegram. Some of us the readers are ready and waitingcould not sleep that night for joy, and I but the money for each translation thought that you at last were sleeping, perhaps. after the strenuous strain and effort of these twenty-seven months. I was with you, you may· perhaps remember, in November, 1920, wheu you first conceived that great idea and I know what it has meant 398 THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD [May must be provided before the new be secured. Each vernacular edition editions can be attempted. will cost $300 annually.

Did y01t ever think what it would What It Costs mean to learn to read, and then have nothing to rBad't That is the 'case The budget for the English edition with very many young people in India of this" Treasure" is $4,000, of which and it is to meet that need that The the subscription list provides $1,000. Treasure Chest is trying with "things The l<'ederation Comrrittee 011 Chris- tian Literature is asked to give $3,000 new and old" to fill the minds of in 1923. This $3,000 is beyond its India's youth with treasure worthy present resources, so that a special of the Kingdom of Heaven. appeal is being made to interested Its History friends for financial help.

For eight years the plan to meet What Its Readers Say About It this crying need has been thought of A missionary writes: "I have never known in long years in India, any by the present editor, and five years missionary enterprise win such quick and enthusiastic response from Chrisago the Interdenominational Commit- tian and non-Christian alike." .. , An English newspaper in India says, in tee appropriated $500 for this pur- the course of a very favorable press notice, "The whole forms a toute enpose, but pressure of other missionary semble which is simply amazing for the value of three annas (six cents)." work made it impos.<>ible for a mission- …. A missionary's son writes, "I like The Treasure Chest better than any ary to be set aside for this literary magazine I ever saw." … A travel~r writes, "The pictures are so natural venture, till the beginning of last year. I feel as if I were in India again." …

With the meagre $500 (now consider- ably dwin~led, owing to exchange), the magaZlne was launched inearJtuhley~ 1922, "like the frail little lights that the Indian women set afloat on a stream," as the editor put it.

But the currents of God have directed its course and it has reached eacl1 monthly" port" safely with rich and Its Supporters enriching cargo. ' Back of the editor and publishers What It Is there is a committee of Christian o An attractive magazine of twenty- women representing the Federation of Woman's Boards of North Amerfive pages for cboomyspeatintidonsg,irlcs~rwreintht ica, eager to feed the intellectual stories, prize bread-line of starved India. Its name is the Committee on Christian Literaevents and tid~its for little folks; ture for Women and Children in Mis- sion Fields, and it already has literary departments of nature study, "The work in Japan, China and India. Its chairman is Miss Alice 11:. Kyle, 14 Enchanted World" and "The Treas- Beacon St., Boston, Mass. It has appointed Miss Ruth Robinson, ure Chest Exchange"-giving games BangaIore, India, as editor of The Treasure Chest. hobbies and" Bright Ideas" -are very.

popular. The price is two rupees a year, about six cents a month, and it already has over 1,000 snbscribers, WIth a prospect of doubling the num- ber within the first six months. The orig:inal illustrations are provided by Treasure must be put intO' the chest IndIan school boys and girls and the before the children of India can draw entire contents are kept true to Indian it out.

thought and put in Indian setting, A Divine Alchemy transmutes the even though for these first months gifts paid in America into printed there has been only the English page and picture that carry the mes- edition. Vernacular editions are be- sage of the Kingdom to the mind and TinagmpillaannndedHiinndRioams asnooUnradsufuMndasracthai~ heart and scnses of India's girls and boys. .

FROM ,MANY

INDIA again carried off by the Ellore girls Nationalists Qnote Bible and boys in the joint boarding school I N no other presidential speech de- Bible examination. All the children livered at the sessions of the Na- belong to the Scripture Union, and tional Congress of India were there every morning at prayers the portion so many passages from the New Tes- is read by one o'f them and explained tament as in the much-discussed by one of the teachers or myself. "

speech of Mr. C. R. Das at the last An Estbnate of Gandhi Congress.

W The Christian Patriot of Madras RITING of the political situation in India t(}-day, The Harvest says: "The trial scene of our Lord before Pilate was, almost the whole Field makes an interesting comment: of it, quoted from the Fourth Gospel "There are those who condemn the as furnishing the ideal to which Government, and make comparisons Mahatma G,andhi's trial approxi- between the trial of Mr. Gandhi and mated. Then the passage that Jesus that of Jesus Christ. Jesus was came to set father against the son, the charged with sedition against the mother against the daughter, etc., etc., Roman Government, but there was was cited as an authority for the in- not a particle of evidence forthcom- evitable dissensions produced in fam- ing. If Mr. Gandhi had been as sane ilies by the non-cooperation move- as Jesus Christ in his political rela- ment. Then the president exclaimed tionships, India would have been that the Son of God came not to much quieter to-day. It is difficult bring peace but a sword. Our readers to attach moral blame to Mr. Gandhi mayor may not approve of the ap- if he really thought the Government plicabilit,y of these citations from the was 'satanic' and should be over- Gospels to contemporary political thrown. That is a question that he events and personalities; but is it not must settle with his own conscience.

a great thing that the sayings and He did acknowledge that his leader- events of the Gospels should be fixed ship had cost the lives of scores of upon as the principal authorities and people, and he fasted accordingly. He ideals to which our leaders turn where knew that he could not hold in check they are contemplating facts'" the unruly elements to be found in Bible Study in Schools every large center of population, and he ought to have completely stopped SO MUCH of the success of mass his propaganda. But he had called movements depends on the train- into being passions he could not coning of the future leaders, pastors trol, and he was compelled to do what and teachers that it is satisfactory his judgment disapproved. Doubtto hear of the good progress in the less he is glad to be taken away from C. M. S. Schools at Ellore, in the the situation he has created and could Telugu country. Rev. E. Evitt not guide." writes: " We try to lay stress on the spiritual side of school life, and in this Prohibition for Bhopal A we have the hearty support of our DISPATCH from Bhopal, dated February 21, 1923, quoted in the teachers. The children are helped to form habits of Bible study and prayer. Indian Witness, reads: The highest Scripture prizes were "Among the reforms introduced 399

recently by Her Highness the Begum pledge themselves, in the sacred name of Bhopal is total prohibition in the of love, that they themselves will state. Hitherto the state derived a strive to ;Jive always in an atmosphere revenue 01 Rs 4()(),()()() to Rs 5()(),O()() of love, and partieularly: (1) That per annum from liquor contracts." they will love in deed-trying every Bhopal is a Mohammedan state with day to do something that will make an area of over 6,000 miles and a someone else happy and to show some population in 1921 of over one mil- act of courtesv to a member of anlion, ranking next to Hyderabad other community. (2) That they will among the Mohammedan states in love in word-neither speaking harsh- India. The throne has descended in ly to anyone, nor repeating any the female line since 1844. The sultan unkind slander or criticism of any- J ahan Begum succeeded on the death one, least of al'l, a member of another of her mother in June 1901 and is race; but that, instead, they will said to be the only woman ruler in deliberately pass on any kind thing India. In a speech during a recent they hear about anyone else, espevisit to Bhopal, the Viceroy pointed cially one from whom they differ. out that, at the outbreak of the World (3) That they will love in thought- War, Her Highness the Begum placed sending out loving thoughts to all the whole resources of her state at the against whom they bear a grudge, fordisposal of the British crown. His giving any unkindness that may have Excellencv also referred to the re- been done to them, and abstaining forms instituted by Her Highness in from imputing any wrong motive to the interest of her people, showing those from whom they differ. real progress in education, social service and the foundation of a con- MALAYSIA stitutional government. This latest reform is perhaps the most striking The B ..t ..k Mission of all. DOCTOR W~NECK of the Rhen- A Cotnradeship of Love ish Mission in Sumatra has begun a Batak Commentary on the Epistles SOME lovers of India," says the of Paul, having already published Indian Witness, "feeling very Commentaries on Matthew and John. humbly, yet very intensely, their own responsibility, are banding thpm- In Angkola, in the southern porselves together into a Comradeship of tion of the Batak territory, the Sari- Love: a comradeship which shall in- kat Islam is rapidly developing a clude Indian and English, Hindu and Mohammedan consciousness of unity. Mohammedan, Jain and Parsi, Eu- New prayer houses and schools have ropean official and Christian mission- been built and many children have ary, Brahman pundit and humble been taken from mission schools. The laborer, village farmer .and city clerk, situation demands a more comprehenmerchant and professional man. The sive program of Christian education Comradeship is to be neither political if effective resistance is to be offered nor missionary, sectarian nor racial. to this movement. Nor will those who join it have to leave their ordinary daily avocations. Christians in Dutch East Indies It only aims at binding together men and women of good will, who love The following figures are taken India, in a common effort to spread from the yearbook 1922-23, giving the everywhere the happy, trustful at- number of Christians in Dutch Mamosphere of loving kindness. It has laysia: no organization, no office-bearers, and no subscriptions. It has, however, Nederlandsch Zending Genootschap: stringent rules. Those who join it Java ………………….. 13,555 Elsewhere ……………… 3,868 POS80 ••.•….••••••.••.•••• 825 Elsewhere ……………… 7,062 Utrecht Zending Vereeniging: New Guinea …………… . 7,258

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Ralmaheira, ……….. . 8,357 ternational ,Justice and Good Will of 2,542 the l"ederal Council of Churches, (2) Boel'Ye, ……………….. . The Fellowship of a Christian Social 88,351 Sangi en Talaud Com.: Sangi Is………………. .

Rhenish Mission: Order, fostered by Dr. Sherwood Sumatra ………………. . 195,338 Eddy, (3) The 1<'ellowship of Recon- Nias …………………. . 42,193 ciliation, and (4-) The World Alliance for International Friendship Through Mentawi ………………. . 682 Salatiga Mission: Java …………………. . 1,927 the Churche&." Jav,. Comite: 177 Oftlclals and Gentry Baptized SU1l1atl'a .•…••••••••.••…• Java ….. , ……………. . 3,500 MAGISTRATES and officials are Netherlands Zendings Vereeniging: 3,386 1,539 1 prominent in nearly all of the Java …………………. . churches of the American Board Mis- Baptist Society (Dntch): sion in Shensi Province, China. Rev.

.lava …………………. .

Sumatra ………………. . 68 Watts O. Pye writes: "One inter- Gereformeerde Kerken Zending: 3,718 esting development at Mi Chih Hsien 1,289 has been the reaching of a family of Java …………………. . thirty-six members, all of whom are Methodist Episcopal Mission: Java ………………… ..

Converts of Missions ……. . . .. 394,645 now Christians, although not all at Native Protestant Churches in Dutch the time of my visit had been received into the church. They have turned East Indies: over their family temple to become Java. . . …… . . …….. . .. . 9,901 Islands '" .' …………….. 352,146 the chapel for their village. The Native Roman Catholics. …. .. . .. 38,530 county magistrate at Mi Chih Hsien Total Church Members …….. 795,222 was baptized at the time of my visit. He is a fine type of man and is setting Among the adult church members an example which is new to the the converts from Islam number about thought of many people in the con- 37,526 in Java alone and there are duct of the gcrvernment officials. He 8,000 in other islands, making a total religiously observes Sunday, his of 45,526 Christian converts from Is- yamen being closed on that day, and lam. all official business is obliged to wait until Monday. He and his wife at- CHINA tend church services regularly, and he gives his whole-hearted support to Peace Movement in China the work of the church. In his great room he has a number of' Scripture ~~THE present attitude of the Chi- posters which we supply to our nese people towards Peace Move- churches, while in his guest hall he has put up a great variety of Chrisments is one of watchful and cautious tian tracts and posters, and every waiting. Furthermore at present the guest who comes receives an explanafear of international control tends to tion of Christianity. .. Seven or eight throw the balance of opinion rather of the leading gentry of the town who against than for Peace Movements. have been coming to a fuller under- Yet, Christians in China must do standing of the Christian life have more than sit on the fence. And we decided to take together the new step are persuaded that after further re- of uniting with the church." flection they will." The recent visit of Dr. S. L. Gulick, representing the Federal Council of Churches is the occasion of these remarks by the Chinese Recorder, which goes on to say: "The situation, however, as to how Oooperative Movements in China F the Christian forces in China should ROM Mukden to Wuchang, and Sianfu to Chefoo came some sixty participate in the International Peace Movement is complicated. by the Chinese and foreign delegates of many fact that four such movements from different missions and churches, at the the West are moving into China. invi~ation of our School of Theology, These are (1) The Commission on In- to dISCUSS the problems of theological

education here in Tsinan a few days province, a police superintendent, ago. Men from practicarlly all the lawyers, and officials of various kinds theological seminaries and Bible made public decisions."

schools in North China lent their help to the discussion of what should be Bolshevism in China M done in training Chinese men and RS. M. E. F. DAVIES writes in the C. M. S. Review of condiwomen, not only for the primary tasks of pastoral and evangelistic work, but tions that constitute "a world menalso in the field of religious education ace." She says.: "Bolshevism has and social service. become so popular that imprisonment Nowhere in the world has there no longer threatens its followers, and been more advance made in interde- a party of sixty men, including teachnominational work, than in parts of ers as well as students, recently went North China, our own University hav- to Russia to study the Soviet at first ing now eleven different denomina- hand." There could hardly be better tional agencies snpporting it. Definite soil for revolutionary propaganda plans have now been made for the than China at the present time. The union of the North China Medical universal misery has caused deep dis- School for Women with our School content with the results of the revoof Medicine, and its removal to Tsinan lution, and faith in democratic govin the near future. The coming of ernment by representation has waned. women students into the School of "It would be no exaggeration to say Medicine will probably necessitate that ninety-five per cent of the rural their admission into the Pre-medical population of China, judging the Department and thus lead very soon Chinese Republic by results, think to co-education in all departments and now that the overthrow of the emschools of the University.-Shantung pire wa~ a criminal mistake." The Christian University Notes. merchants and town folk also find repUblicanism a dis.mal failure, for Decisions in China they see ou the one hand a futile ~~CHINA is dead ripe." This is Parliament engaged in squabbling, the verdict of E. Stanley .Jones, and on the other rapacious military of India, who accompanied Sherwood governors, who fleece the people, en- _Eddy in his three months' evangelistic courage their vices that they may tour through the chief cities of China. make money out of them, and allow He savs in the Christian Advocate: brigandage to continue unchecked. "In rigard to the attitude of the edu- The younger men of the intellectual cated classes of India compared with cla&'l, who had the chief share in those of China we are ten years be- bringing about the revolution pf 1911, hind in India. After the struggle and are asking in despair: 'What shall strife of things in India it seemed be done" and the Russian agents of almost too easy to get men to decision Bolshevism are at hand with an anin China… The last thing that we swer. " saw as we steamed out of Hong Kong leaving China was Morrison's Hill. Tibet-A Challenge I thought of how he worked for years HARLES R. KOENIGSWALD, without a convert. Here we had been C one of the workers of the Chris- able to see more than 3,000 in the tian and Missionary Alliance in Tibet, three months. In addition to these caBs the present "the golden hour of 3,000, others signed up for Bible the Church's opportunity" there. He classes. They were the very cream of writes in The Alliance Weekly: "The China's life too–the young men and attitude of the priests towards us as women of the colleges and schools. missi onaries of the '.Jesus religion'

Some officials such as a marshal in has changed very materially since the the army, a police commissioner of a humiliation of the Tibetan by the

1923J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Mohammedans. Even as recently as ures against "dangerous thoughts"

seven years ago the missionaries were concerning communism and Bolshe- not allowed to remain in Labrang vism have the natural effect of arous- more than one night. Now it is the ing a keen interest in them. Dr.

privilege of three of us to make our Sherwood Eddy, in his recent tour of home here, living in rooms rented in .Japan, says he was frequently asked one of the inns of the' place. We vis- by his audiences for information ited the leading ecclesiastic of North- about the Russian soviets. The poliee east Tibet, who appointed a ',living authorities are now agitated over the Buddha' to show us around the students of higher schools who wish to monastery. At that time we were help on the emancipation of the pro- admitted into buiMings where no letarians. A Tokyo university asso- foreigner had been before, and looked ciation is planning to unite all organi- upon images hitherto hid from the zations in other universities, colleges, gaze of unholy eyes. F()r the purpose and high schools, which are interested of renting larger quarters where we in the welfare of the working classes, might live until our own compound is into one "Free Students' Associa- erected, we recently called on two of tion. " The authorities seem to regard the leading officials in the monastery. this as a communistic affair, and are They were very kind to us and prom- carefully watching the movement.

ised to do what they could to help us. We ha:ve been also struck with the Good Will in Japan mute appeal of a waiting people. " D R. SIDNEY L. GULICK, Secre- tary of the Commission on In- Marauders in West China ternational Justice and Good Will of T HE Chienchang valley forms the the Federal Council, has been making main road between Szechuan and an extended tour in both China and Yunnan. In spite of its dangers and Japan. In the latter his itinerary the constant inroads made by the was in charge of a joint committee, Lolos among whom as yet no mis- representing the Federation of sionary work is carried on, it is at- Churches, the Federation of Mistractive to the Chinese because of its sions, the W orId Alliance for Interfertility. During the past year 23, national Friendship Through the villages have been burned down and Churches, the Japan Peace Society, 1,700 Chinese have been carried away the League of Nations Association, the captive by these tribes people. The Woman'8 Peace Society, the Y. M. sight of burned, pillaged, and depopu- C. A., the Y. w. C. A., the Associalated villages is described by Dr. tion for Reduction of Armaments and Smith, the Swedish botanist who re- the W. C. 'f. U. Dr. Gulick lays cently visited this valley. He tells special emphasis upon the. contribuof passing village after village from tion which the Christian movement in which the inhabitants had been car- the Orient is making toward the reried off en masse to the mountains to conciliation of Japan, Korea and be slaves and servants to the wealthy China. In the Japan Adverliser he is Lolos, who as yet have never been quoted as saying in an interview: subjugated by Chinese soldiers. "If the military policy of Japan in JAPAN-OHOSEN 1915 had been continued until the "Dangerous Thoughts" in Japan present day, Shantung today would be as mu('h a part of Japan as is UNDER the title "New Days and Kor.ea. The permanent barracks, New IJeadership," a recent con- wireless stations and hospitals erected tributor to the Mainichi writes of the at Tsinanfu are evidences of the devital need in Japan of "real leader- cision of the militarists to make the ship with vision." The Japan Chron- occupation of Shantung permanent. icle also shows how the panic meas- All these have been handed over to

China, however, and today everything or to provide the dress materials. In points to a new era in the relations November the dolls were collected, between Japan and China." and an exhibit was held at which two hundred and fifty pairs of almond Self-Support in Japan eyes took their last excited look at ONE of the most significant signs seventy dolls in soft, bright kimonos of Christian progress in Japan is before starting them on their long the rapidly increasing number of self- journey to the Cumberland Mounsupporting churches. For example, tains. When Miss Pierson handed in the Hokkaido district at the spring these out to her little p'upils in the meeting of presbytery in 1921 it was school at Christmas time, their joy thought that possibly within the next was unbounded. Thus another link three years three of the churches was welded to bind America and might be able to place themselves on Japan tog'ether."

the self-supporting roll. But within Fruits of the Gospel just a few months the churches at THE following scattering items Nokkeushi, Takigawa and Engaru had from Chunju, Korea, show some become independent, assuming fun of the fruits of the Gospel, which was responsibility for their work. At first preached there twenty-nine years Takigawa the impetus toward self- ago; The first group of Christians support became active when the mis- baptized in Chunju numbered five, sion board. was not able to provide an one of whom was a boy of twelve, who increase for necessary evangelistic is now a pastor. The Korean Assistwork. Prices were "sky-high" at ant Principal of the Boys' School is that time, hut Takigawa congregation a Chunju bQY, a member of the West found, to the surprise of its, members, Gate Church, and a graduate of the that it could easily increase its month- Imperial University of Tokyo. The ly contributions· to the self-support first church in Chunju was a strawbasis. roofed, mud-walled building, seating Japanese Dolls for American Girls about sixty persons. It has been re- MANY a little girl in an American placed by a tile roofed brick veneer Sunday'school has dressed a doll builrling, with a'seating capacity of as a Christmas gift to be sent to the about nine hundred. In a country Far East, but who has heard of congregation there is a family in Christmas dolls sent from the Orient which the children have the following to American children Y Here is the names: The eldest, a, girl, "Sorrowstory; "A personal letter was re- ful"; the second, a girl, "Godceived by Miss Grace Curtis, one of given" ; the third, a boy born on the teachers in the Sapporo Girls' Christmas. and therefore named" Joy- High School in Japan, from her aunt, fnl Day." It is easy to guess when who is a missionary among the moun- this family became Christian.

taineers of West Virginia, telling of how some of her little school children Recommends but Cannot Accept A had offered all their savings for a tinyLTHOUGH he cannot accept it himself because he is high priest Japanese doll she had received. A girl from each class in the Sapporo of his family clan, a former minister school, after having been told of the of edueation in Korea is warm in his life of the mountaineel1S, presented recommendation of the New Testa- its various phases to an interested and ment and its teachings to his friends,.

enthusiastic student body. When an Some time ago a missionary worker oP'Portunity was given after the meet- presented the man with a c0P'Y of the ing, there was a stampede to sign up New Testament and asked him to read either to dress little Japanese dolls it. The missionary had some doubt in for these mountaineer school children, his heart, however, about the man's

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

doing so, and was' surprised when he Easter in Honolulu later visited the town and called on the clan chief again, for the former THE Honolulu Ad Club pays the ·minister responded emphaticaLly: following tribute to a deceased "Read it? How could I help reading member: it T I read it clear through. If we all Jived by it, what a good world this " .Johnny Martin was poor and of would be." But the man could not lowly station, yet he carried the gospel come out and avow Christianity. "I of kindlinc.<;s into the byways of Honoam in a difficult position," he said to lulu for years. He held weekly servthe missionary. « As high priest of our ices in the penitentiary and the clan it is my duty to offer sacrifice to 00unty jail. Always he found some the spirits of our ancestors. I cannot way, frequently made practical by Ad easily profess Christianity, but I do Club backing, to aid those less forturecommend it to my neighbors and nate than himself. It was he who have advised my nephew to believe." originated the now annual· and very splendid custom of sunrise Easter ISLANDS OF THE SEA services on PunchbowL" One who was present at this service in 1922 Church Union among Filipinos writes of it: "We saw Buddhists, Taoists, Shintoists, Methodists, Chris- REV. F'RANK C. LAUBACH, tian Scientists, Congregationalists, Ph.D., missionary of the American Mormons, Catholics and pagans there Board in the Philippines, writes of .. , The Royal Hawaiian Band played two aspects of the movement toward and Governor Farrington read the church ullion there: "A meeting was Scripture. The multitude joined in held recently of represesntatives of all 'All Hail the Power of Jesus' Name.' the mission boards but one to lay plans Then, while all stood reverent in the for a United Christian Church of the morning stillness, an impressive Philippines. It is to be Congrega- pageant was enacted depicting the tional in government and to ignore events of the first Easter morning. entirely the question of doctrine. The There in that rugged setting, looking meeting voted unanimously to submit down on the far-spread city of Honothis to the churches for their con- lulu, Christ was exa;ted against the sideration. I predict that a United glory of the dawn as it broke over the Christian Church of the Philippines horizon of the mid-Pacific!" will be a realitv within one or two years. At the G~nference, which just NORTH AMERICA closed here at Baguio, consisting of representative students, the greatest Life Service in Home Missions Filipino Christian leaders in the Islands solemnly decided to establish THE Student Fellowship for Chrisa United Christian Filipino Church, tian Life Service, which seeks to if the missionaries did not beat them present home missions as a life servto it. The most astounding fact about ice to the students of our American this meeting was that Roman Catholics colleges and universities, completed in demand that this united Filipino February its first year. There has church shall include them. Not, of been appointed an Advisory Council course, as a denomination. They are of men and women representing the perfectly clear that the Roman Cath- Home Missions Council and the Counolic organization will never unite with cil of 'Nomen for Home Missions, Council of Church Boards of Educathe rest of us, but there are thousands tion and other religious agencies, to upon thousands of nominal Roman act in an advisory capacity with the Catholics who will never come into Executive Committee of students. any Prote~tant denomination but who will join a movement of this kind. " The Fellowship was effectively pre- sented at student conferences all over the country last summer. This spring regional and group Student Fellow-

ship conferences are being held at front rank so far as preponderance in which regional committees are being Slavic population is concerned. These appointed. The Southern Regional Slavic groups are. highly organized Conference was to be held at Atlanta, both locally and nationally. The press Georgia, April 6-8. In the East there is a powerful force in moulding pub-' were to be conferences at Yale Uni- lie opinion among them. Religiously versity, New Haven, Connecticut, they belong to the Greek, Eastern April 20-23, and at Pennsylvania Orthodox, Greek and Roman Catholic State College, State College, Pennsyl- churches, with a few Protestants, some vania, April 13-15. fanatical sects, and a few Moham- medans. -Christian Century.

Methodist Budget for Year A FTER an all-day discussion, the Christian BusinellS Men Organize Council of the Boards of Benevo- ~~T HE writings of Roger Babwn lence of the Methodist EpiscopaJ. and other leading Christian lay- Church, including Bishops, Board Secretaries, other ministers and lay- men have led to stirrings of heart in men to the number of 150, decided at many cities," says The Christian Cenits meeting in Chicago, January 24th, tury. The Christian Business Men's Federation was organized recently on that the annual needs of the Church – a national basis at Kansas City. Arfor all benevolences were $28,045,173, and that the Church should be asked, rangements for the first national conon the apportionment basis, for $18,- vention to be held in Detroit are being pushed with vigor. The new orgillliza- 500,000. The amounts were recom- tion will seek to apply the Golden mended by a special committee of Rule to modern life and when in twenty-five, of which the Rev. David doubt seek the leading of the Holy G. Downey of New York was Chair- Spirit through prayer. The central man and James R. Joy of New York, aim is stated as an effort "to assist Secretary. The largest apportion- men in searching out and applying ments are $6,800,000 each for foreign and home missions. The Board of the laws of God in commercial rela- Prohibition, Temperance and Public tions.' , Morals, which received last year $149,- 284, was apportioned $250,000. . Helping Girl Mothers -New York Times. DURING the past year 13,500 girls Our Slavic Population and babies have been helped by the homes established by the National THE conference on Christian work Florence Crittenton Mission through- among Slavic peoples in America, out the United States. Five of these held in New York under the auspices homes are in New Jersey, and of the of the Committee on New Americans girls in these it is reported: "The of the Home Missions Council and the average age of these girls is less than Council of Women for Home Mis- sixteen years. Some of them are so sions, brought together one hundred young that they did not know what representatives from a dozen denomi- they were doing, others were promised nations. It was stated that in the marriage, a few of the older ones United States there are approximately needed food and shelter and hoped 6,000,000 Slavic immigrants and this would be an easy way to get it. Slavic people of the second generation, while another group were the victimEl distributed as follows: Poles, 3,000,- of brutal assault. We keep the baby 000; Jugoslavs, 1,525,000; Slovaks, with its mother as long as possible- 425,000; Czechs, 400,000; RusroaIlB, always if we can-because her intense 400,000; Ruthenians, 350,000. Penn- love for babies is the greatest help in sylvalJia leads, while New York, bringing the child-mother back to Illinois, Ohio and Michigan are in the right thinking and right Hving."

Hl23] NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

A Negro Pledge Women United to Stop L",nching."

DELiN KELLY MILLER of How- The expenses were entirely for propa- ard University quotes the follow- ganda, nobody receiving any salaries. ing pledge, which he says has been "In one day's advertising at least taken by large numbers of Negro students: "I will never bring disgrace five million men and women read the upon my race by any unworthy deed facts and thousands of them for the first time."

or dishonorable act; I will live a clean, decent, manly life, and will ever Orientals in California T respect and defend the virtue and HE First Congregational Church of Los Angeles has been carrying honor of womanhood. I wiU uphold and obey the just laws of my country on for twenty-five years an effective and of the community in which I live work for Chinese, who now have a and will encourage others to do like- church membership of 150. The wise; I will not allow prejudice, in- equipment has been very inadequate, justice, insult or outrage to cower my but plans have now been made for a spirit or sour my soul, but will ever beautiful church building, and the preserve the inner freedom of h~art American Missionary Association has and conscience; I will not allow my- turned over property for it. Money self to be overcome of evil but will is being raised, both among the strive to oyercome evil with good; I Chinese and among the Americans in will endeavor to develop and unceas- Los Angeles, and it is expected that ingly to quick'en the sense of racial within a year the building will be com- duty and responsibility; I will in all pleted. In Dinuba, California, a: new these ways aim to uplift my race, so church buHding has recently been that, to everyone bound to it by ties dedicated by Japanese Christians of blood, it shall become a bond of under the auspices of the M. E.

ennoblement, and not a byword of re- Church, South.

proach. "

The Church in Metlakatla E:lforts to Stop Lynching T T is significant and encouraging to HE unique personality of William Duncan, the pioneer missionary I note, says the Southern Workman, sent to Alaska by the London Missionthe increasing evidence in leading ary Society over forty years ago to Southern papers of frankness in the work among the Indians, has left its discussion of the lynching evil. To stamp upon the Christian community judge by recent emphatic utterances in Metlakatla. Another striking per- in such papers, the people of the sonality, though very different, is that South are feeling strongly the respon- of Edward Marsden, the native Alas- sibiIity placed upon their shoulders kan pastor of the Presbyterian church by the failure of passage of the Dyer which has been organized there since Anti-Lynching Bill. That this is not Duncan's death. Sheldon Jackson merely talk may be judged from the discovered Marsden's ability as a lad, fact that last year in Georgia alone and sent him to school. He worked twenty-two indictments were returned his way through college and seminary against alleged lynchers and four con- in the United States, and then went victions secured carrying penitentiary back to his own people. He is a man sentences. There is no doubt that the of exceptional gifts along several interracial committees of the various lines, and is now directing his people States are helping greatly to bring in the erection of an up-to-date build- ,about this better state of things. A ing at a cost of about $6,000 which campaign against lynching has also could not be duplicated in the States been conducted bv colored women or- for less than $15,000 or $20,000. A ganized as the Anti-Lynching Cru- better organized church it would be :saders. The slogan was "A Million hard to find, for it has its Sunday-

school, its women'8 s{)cieties, its Chris- could be obtained from a neighboring tian Endeavor Society and a prayer- town. Such was the entrance of the meeting circle. Gospel into this town.

LATIN AMERICA Christian E:mployees Wanted Presbyterians in Mexico S EXICO SYNOD is the only na- INCE the war, Colombia is de- M tive body which takes the initia- rate, and new banks, and' offices are veloping commercially at a great tive in evangelistic plans, and one of being opcned, causing great demand the goals set for the coming months is for young men with commercial train- an evangelistic campaign to bring in ing. The Presbyterian Boys' Board- 2,000 new professing Christians dur- ing School at Barranquilla, of which ing the year and a total goal of 15,000 Rev. 'V. E. Vanderbilt, D.D., is prin- members by 1926-the next meeting cipal, met the situation by offering a date. An effort to raise 400,000 pesos complete commercial course.

with which to build a cathedral Before arranging the course a num- church in Mexico City is also planned. ber of the Colombian and foreign 'l'he two Presbyterian mission boards business men were consulted as to having work in the country will be what they would require in a young asked to aid in this object but the employee. Every man laid stress on Mexican Presbyterians themselves, ex- the fact that he wanted honest, de- pect to raise most of the fund. Plans pendable young men who could be have also been started to ceiebrate the trusted and who were capable of ac- twenty-fifth anniversary of the synod cepting responsibility. Perhaps these in 1926 by the organization of a Gen- men didn't realize it, but what they eral Assembly with three synods. really wanted were Christian young -The Continent. men and when thev said how difficult it is to get trustworthy employees, How the Gospel Entered they were admitting the need of Chris- THE bulletin issued by the Presby- tian education. Mission schools are terian Board of Foreign Missions the only ones in this country which tells of a Brazilian pastor and his friend who went to a little town are developing Christians. What an famous for its miracle-working image, opportunity we have and what a privitaking their Bibles with them. They bought a little house, cleaned it thor- lege it is to have even a small part in making the men of a nation.

-Presbyteria,n Magazine.

oughly, and furnished it for a care- New E,… Movement in Chile taker, fitting up the front room for meetings. They then announced by "OUR Chilean New Era Movement handhills that there would be preach- is rolling along toward the end ing of the Gospel at a certain hour. of its third fruitful year," writes Rev. What was the result ~ Instigated by Edward G. Seel of Santiago, Chile.

the priests, a crowd of about 500 per- "Our churches have made great sons gathered together, heaped into progress along the lines of steward- the street everything the house con- ship, evangelistic activity, mission tained, even to the doors and windows, study, family worship, and young peoand madc a big bonfire, including the pIe's work, and it is our hope that Bibles, Testaments, tracts, etc. In the next year we may be ab~e to carry house they scraped off the walls the out both in Sunday-schools and texts which hali been painted thereon. churches the comprchensive program Then someone . shouted out to lynch of seasonal activities that has been the pastor and this cry was quickJy prepared. Our home department, taken up. He was rescued, however, which has become a sort of baby welby a courageous police sergeant who fare bureau, has promoted and pre- kept him safely in jail until help pared material for a monthly study

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

course for mothers in our churches, This conviction is honestly held, but and next year plans to advance we are convinced that it is erroneous further along the line of Christian and that a general ecclesiastical unity ideals in the home, this latter being can best be gained when those who are a form of instruction that is greatly really one in heart, doctrine and as- needed in all Ilatin lands. Among piration come together and maintain the results of the New Era in Chile their individual outlook and make may be mentioned an eighty-five per their joint contribution as one great cent increase in contributions for all Church."

purposes in our churches, five hundred decisions for Christ in the Holy Week CODlDlunist Sunday-schools Simultaneous Evangelistic Campaign ~~WE are not Christians; we are this last year, a hearty interest in members of the revolutionary world evangelization, a stimulating working class. 'We fear no God; we senfle of the unity of all our work in are revolutionary Socialists." This this land, and the setting up of the doctrine is instilled into the pupils at- family altar in hundreds of homes." tending the Red Sunday-schools of the -Record of Christian W ark. Communists in England. Evangelical EUROPE Christendom comments: "The danger New Bible College, London is at our doors, and must be overcome by Christian teaching… Rightly in A NEW tr~ning center for Chris- England, we enjoy great freedom, and tian service was opened in Lon- believe that a safety valve is an ad- don in February. It bears the name vantage. But it is far better to avoid of All Nations Bible OOillege, and danger than to promote it by inac- stands in nineteen acres of ground on tivity. Here and there parents may Beulah Hill, Upper Norwood. This wish to have their children indoc- college has been founded "to equip trinated with anti-Christian commun- students spiritually and physically ism, but the majority of parents desire for missionary life, and to impart their little ones to grow into good men necessary mechanical and technical and women, and in the depths of their knowledge," and Rev. Dr. F. B. Meyer hearts they know that Christ alone is the principal. In view of present- can bring this to accomplishment. The day theological controversies in Eng- best way to defeat the Red Schools is land, the school has issued a doctrinal to work more whole-heartedly for the statement, which is signed by all the Christian Sunday-school."

members of the council.

A Central Protestant Bureau I Methodist Union in England T will be remembered that, as the result of sympathetic help from the ~~THE majority in favor of Meth- odist union among the Wesley- American churches, through the Fed- ans in England shows that the main eral Council, there was held in Copen- body is strongly in favor of putting hagen last summer the first official an end to the divisions that have kept gathering of Protestantism in conti- Methodists in different camps." nental Europe, there being seventy- This is the verdict of Evangelical five delegates present, representing Chri,stendom, which continues: "The thirty-seven church bodies andtwenty- need of a united Methodist witness is one European nations. As the result far more important than the main- of this conference, there has now been tenance of a number of churches that established by the Swiss Protestant are fundamentally at one. The strong- Federation, with headquarters in est opponents of the plan for union Zurich, a Central Bureau of Protes- take their stand on the dread that tantism for Europe, for the immediate Methodist union may put a brake on purpose of securing and coordinating th!l movement for a wider reunion. relief for the needy churches and re- 6

ligious institutions of the Continent. and the Methodist, which, perhaps, The director of this organization is especially hear the call to Russia just Dr. Adolf Keller, Secretary of the now." Swiss Protestant Federation. The Federal Council, with the assistance Religions Work in Spain of its constituent bodies, has' underwritten two thirds of the budget for AT a great conference held in Lonthe Bureau. The Executive Commit- don and participated in by Eurotee is made up of representatives from pean and American Baptists it was the Swiss Federation, the churches agreed that" the Southern Baptist Conin the Scandinavian countries, Hol- vention should be responsible for Bapland, and Great Britain, with Dr. tist missionary work in Spain. Dr. Macfarland as advisory member for W. O. Carver, of the Southern Semthe American churches. iuary at Louisville, writes after a re- cent visit: Bolshevist. and Christianity "Spain is the last stronghold of V ARIOUS reports have come of the mediffi'alism and so of religious and way in which the Bolshevist gov- political bondage. The Catholic ernment is trying to split up the Church glories in Spain, and glories Church and weaken its power in in her shame. Illiteracy is sixty per Russia. Gh ristian lVark comments: cent. Superstition is supreme. For "If it were, simply a matter of split- months, beginning last summer, the ting up the Church or weakening its Church has carried an arm of Francis power as an organization it would not Xavier from city to city throughout be a vital concern. The fact is, how- the COIDltry for 'veneration of the ever, that the Bolshevists apparently faithful.' " really want to destroy part of the noble ideals of self-sacrifice and self- Besides Baptists, there are at work abnegation which are bound up with in Spain missions of the Plymouth real Christianity. If they took the Brethren, Scotch Presbyterians, Engattitude of "Some of our own 'radical' lish Wesleyans, Methodist Episcopal organizations, that of the 1. W. W., (taking over the support of an indefor instance, it would be a different pendent work), Congregationalists of matter. Buch organizations may dis- America, Episcopalians, and a Geragree with the organized Church, but man group Lutheran in fact but unmany of their members accept most denominational in attitude. Together earnestly the essential truth in the it is estimated that there are 10,000 character and in the teachings of evangelkals in the whole country, but Jesus. The 1. W. W. see' Comrade the estimate is not well supported by Jesus' as a great friend to humanity. statistics. All but the Baptists and The best of them want to be friends Episcopalians are somewhat loosely to humanity themselves, and in many associated in the Evangelical Spanish cases, with great sincerity, they look Church. -Watchman-Examiner. to .Jesus as their Leader. But the Bolshevists, in spite of the unselfish- A Revival in Bulgaria ness with ·which they have treated Persia and China and some oftheother REV. PAmJ MISHKOFF, a forneighboring states, have, in general, eign student at the Moody Bible broken down brotherly kindness where Institute, Chicago, writes from Philipthey have dominated. Let no Amer- popoli, Bulgaria, under date of Febican Church become a cat's paw for ruary 15th to the Russia Evangelizathe Bolshevists in their attempt to tion Society of New York, quoting weaken vital Christianity in Russia. from one of the local papers which We send out this appeal especially to describes the evangelj~~ic meetings as the great churches like the Baptist follows: "Nine meetings were held in a great hall in Philippopoli and were ad- dressed bv Rev. Paul L. Mishkoff, representative of the Russia Evangeli-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

zation Society· of New York. The and the languages of India there is great hall, which seats 1,500, was a better showing, but even in these overcrowded. 'fhe people blocked up dominant languages the Moslem press the alleys, the corners, the galleries, is far more Mtive than the Christian the stairs, the entrances and the plat- literature societies. form. 'Vomen and men, parents, business men and officials were in their -The Continent. seats when it was too early yet for the meeting to begin. The Palestine Government "Never have such meetings been T HE (}rgan of the Church Mlllsions held in this, the second capital of Bul- to the Jews, Jewish Missionary In" garia. The multitudes have hungrily telligence, comments with satisfaction taken in the Gospel truth for an hour on the following official statement by and a half evening after evening. Gos- Sir Wyndham Deedes on the relation pel songs can now be heard in the between the Palestine Government st.reets … After the ,last. meeting those and missions: who had resolved to read the Bible and lead a true Christian life were "I hope that in the future, wheninvited to remain. More than four ever there is a British administration, h1mdred 7'emained! New Testaments they will cooperate with the missionand Gospels were given to them and aries and other bodies engaged in raismany asked that the meetings be con- ing the spiritual welfare of the people. tinued." . I do hope that the spiritual side of things will be closely associated with MOSLEM LANDS the administration. It is now the time to effect the only change possible in Literature for Mosle:ms world affairs, that is through religion and Christianity… Our idea is not T HE general field committee of the … to do away with the work of the American Chri"tian Literature So- missionaries. On the contrary we ciety for Moslems met at the American wish for their cooperation. Both the University in Cairo, Egypt, last No- Educational Department and the Pubvember and adopted a report resulting lic Health Department are most gratefrom a year of arduous labor on the ful £01' all the help given by the mispart of various Area Committees. The sionaries during the past year." entire Moslem world popUlation had been divided into twelve language Refugees in Constantinople areas, and the final survey represents the findings from Morocco to western REPORTS from various sources em- China and from Russia to Cape Town. phasize the desperate plight of The chairman of the committee on the the refugees now in Constantinople. field is Dr. F. W. MacCallum of Con- The Orient News speaks of "ten thoustantinople. The survey gave cause sand half-starved women and chilfor gratitude that much had been ac- dren, uprooted from their homes in complished, but also for grief that in Anatolia, waiting to die on the muddy great language areas the total output floors of the Selimieh Barracks stables, of Christian literature is so small and Scutari, unless humanity comes to weak. The 200,000 Christians, for their assistance," and competent obexample, that. speak the Battak lan- servers report to the Near East Reguage in Sumatra and form a solid lief: "Present state of affairs at barrier against. the progress of Islam Constantinople is an outrage ,t~·hu­ all around them among pagan tribes, manity and a serious menace to the have only one pamphlet of a score of health of the world. Effective quarpages that tells of Islam in relation antine is impossible owing to magni" to Christianity. The literature in tude of the problem. Filth and offal, Turkish and in Persian is altogether thrown from disease-laden ships, is inadequate and antiquated. In Arabic devoured by fish, which in turn are eaten by the people of the city. Fish-

ermen are infected from handling fish. Society.' He then purchased several Filthy rags of garments are washed ashore constantly. In refugee camps copies." -C.MB. News. ashore the chances of infection are even greater. For example, 500 per- AFRIOA sons are crowded into stables outside Selemie barracks, mostly insufficiently Christ or 1s11..n clothed, lying either on. b~re ground or on a thin pallet of qmltmg or sack- T HE Wesleyan Methodist Missioning. On one such quilt we saw seven ary Society, according to the people, all ill with typhus and dy- C.M.S. Review, reports the beginning of a mass movement among the Mensentery." dis in the Sierra Leone Protectorate. At Segbwema, the paramount chief, Greek Refugees in Syria all his sub-chiefs, and more than 150 other men enrolled themselves as cate- A TELEGRAM from Beirut, dated chumens on one day, and others after- March 19, 1923, received at the wards followed their example. Near East Relief office, reads: "Sit- Arrangements had been made also for uation at Mersine is desperate. Turks the enrollment of the wife of the parademand immediate departure of 3,000 mount chief, together with the wives Christian refugees there. Otherwise of the sub-chiefs, and other women. they will be forced to return into Ana- The paramount chief of Bunumbu, tolia. Near East Relief Budget for about sixteen miles from Segbwema, Syria is wable to meet expense. also wished to become a Christian and Athens reports Greek government un- to bring all his people with him. Here able to pay cost of transfer although it was a question of Christianity or Near East Relief manages the move- Islam. A mosque had been built, and ment and feeds them en route. Con- the chief was waiting to know whether dition of 12,000 Greeks at Aleppo and the Wesleyans would open a church Alexandretta is scarcely less desper- and school or not. The society has ate, although McAfee reports Athens promised to send him an African now promises to accept them into teacher at once and a foreign mission- Greece before May 1st. In view of ary as soon as possible. our emphasis on refugees' plight in raising funds, I believe Near East Re- A Delicate Situation lief should make a special appropriation to feed these total 15,000 refugees REPORTS received from Kenya until May 1st, the cost not exceeding Colony show that the movement $2,000 weekly. Prompt action im- among the Africans which led to perative. " serious disturbances at Nairobi in March of last year has affected mis- A Persian Governor's Tribute sionary work considerably. One mis- sionary says that Harry Thuku, the ~~WHEN I called on the Bakhtiari agitator, whose arrest brought the Governor of Z–," writes a trouble to a head, exercised a dis- tinctly dangerous influence throughcolporteur of the British and Foreign out the whole Colony, and adds: Bible Society, "he received me with "When I arrived last year from furmuch favor. In the presence of all lough, I could see a marked difference the men gathered, he took up a Bible in the demeanor of our' senior teachers and said: 'Blessed are they who have and there now exists a decided line of such a. spiritual calling, and such good demarcation between natives and nonbehavior. Verily it is truth that the natives, including men missionaries. Christians are the salt of the earth, Most of our teachers have been conand but for them all men would be centrating their best energies on polidestroyed. And especially does this tics, agitating their minds with inapply to those who are of the Bible fiammable speeches, to the detriment Society and the Church Missionary of the work in general. The offertories

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

are two-thirds less than in 1919, prob- of cruelty, he is now known far and ably owing to the large sums given wide for his steadfastness to the faith for political propaganda. School at- and his righteous justice."

tendance has likewise suffered, and A Congo Revival fewer converts are coming forward." "GOD has given us a wonderful re- Anot.her missionary affirms that the natives still entertain much suspicion vival at Sona Bata," writes of both foreign missionaries and gov- Rev. Thomas Moody, a missionary of ernment officials. Many of the leaders the American Baptists in the Belgian in the movement hold office in the Congo for over thirty years. Last Church, and it will take some time and year in seven months over 1,500 were also sympathetic handling of the baptized and this refers to only one whole matter to win back the entire of a dozen or more mission stations.

confidence of the people. At Sona Bata last September, they Two African Kings held a mato'ndo country association camp-meetIng. Nine of these matondos T HE American Presbyterian mis- had been during the year at the mis- sionaries in the Kamerun have sion station and at twenty baptismal been having some interesting exper- services in different parts of the field iences with the king of the Mekae over 2,000 had already been baptized tribe, Beyene by name. Mrs. G. C. last year. Mr. and Mrs. Moody had Beanland writes of a recent visit to been out in the district of 10,000 his town: "The Governor had sent square miles among 80,000 people for him a letter telling him he must show six weeks of strenuous work.

the missionaries every attention and On September 22d, the people com- we were royally entertained. We menced to come until at night there slept in the house he had built for us, were a thousand people present. Then and he sent us his soldiers and police- all day Saturday they kept coming men to use as we wished… Reyene until 1,500 people were sleeping all has until recently done all he could over the lawn and in other available to oppose the work of the missionary, places. "On Sunday, the great day and has refused to allow his wives to of the feast," writes Mr. Moody, "439 become Christians, but since our visit were buried with Christ in baptism.

there last year, he has promised to do Coming up they all formed in Ene better, and now he seems to have had were given the right hand of fellow: a complete change of heart for which ship, and received into the Church.

we are gratefuL" Tthwaonkhsgoiuvrisngofopffreeraincghinagndfoltlhoewecd~ma­ What may be hoped for from these beginnings ·is seen in a recent letter munion service. The revival is still from Rev. A. B. Patterson, of the going on. Last yeaT we baptized over same mission, about Olama, another 1,500. This year 3,000. The thanks- chief: "When Mrs. Patterson and I giving offering Jast year was a total arrived in 1911, Chief Olama was fol- of 3,:130 francs; this year over 5,550.

lowing in his father's footsteps and The increased offering has taken care struggling along with over a dozen of the increased work."

wives. The Gospel found a lodging in Olama 's heart and for the past ten GENERAL years he has been living a clean, use- The Same Old Arguments I ful life for Christ. He is a church T is a clever bit of satire which the Church Times of London brings member and an elder. His former wives were freed and he has one wife before us in putting into the mouth of who has borne to him two fine chil- a proconsul, "a traveled gentleman" dren. They are a happy family. fourteen centuries ago in Rome, this Whereas OIama has always been comment on the rumor that Gregory known as a man of power and often the Pope intends to send Augus,tine

and some forty monks to Britain: dueted in Connecticut the next two "A good worthy man, Gregory, but years in an effort to implant Mormon- with no knowledge of the world, and ism, minus polygamy, in this section dreadfully addicted to sentimentality. of New England.

Recall the absurd fuss he made when he was Archdeacon over the angel Baptist World Congress T faces of some little fair-haired Angles HE third congress of the Baptist World Alliance is to be held in in our market-place. Why, everybody knows that the Angles or Saxons, or Stockholm, Sweden, July 21-28, 1923.

whatever they call themselves, have It is expected that the Baptists of con- quite a decent religion of their own, tinental Europe, of England, Canada or at any rate as good a one as they an(l Australia will be represented b~'

require for their peculiar needs. What large and enthusiastic delegations, I say' is, 'I,eave them alone. Ten to and that at least one thousand will one, if you upset their native belief, attend from the Northern and South- you will only corrupt them.' And just ern Baptist Conventions of the United think how much more good Augustine States. This congress would have and his companions could do at home. been held in 1916 had it not been for I consider it is an utter waste of the World War. When the 1911 Alli- effort to try to Christianize a few of ance met in Philadelphia it was ex- those remote islanders." pected that the next meeting would be held in Germany. Because of the Mormonism Outside of Utah unsettled conditions in Germany the THERE are two main divisions of executive committee of the Alliance Mormons, the Reorganized Church, wisely decided that it would not be with headquarters at Independence, best for the congress to go there.

Mo., and the Organized Church, folc W· lowers of Brigham Young, with head- C.hristian World Travelers quarters at Salt Lake City. Mormon ITH the approval of the Boards missionary propaganda, which is well- of Missions of the various de- organized and far-reaching, centers nominations, the Missionary Educa- chiefly in the Utah church. tion Movement, 150 Fifth Avenue, Missions are located in Australia, New York, announces the opening of Great Britain, Eastern Canada, Den- a new department to guide American mark, Hawaii, Japan, Netherlands, travelers through mission lands, in New Zealand, Norway, Samoa, South order that they may appreciate what Africa, Switzerland (including Ger- is being done for the redemption of many), Sweden, Tahiti, and Tonga. the people.

In the U. S. A. there are the Central Few tourists receive much, if any, States Mission, Independence, Mis- impression of the success of mission- SQlJri; Eastern States Mission, ary work in the countries through Brooklyn, New York; Northern States which they travel. Too often travelers Mission, Chicago; Northwestern say, "I didn't see any missionary States Mission, Portland; Southern work in China" or "I was told that States, Atlanta; Western States, Den- India would have been better off if vel'; and California Mission, LOB the missionaries had never come." Angeles. The Travel Department of the Mis- Following an active house-to-house sionary Education Movement will per- campaign for "three weeks in Decem- sonally conduct parties to see the ber, Mormon church services were held great work of Christian Missions and in Hartford, Conn., for the firBt time will, at the same time, give opporwith a small crowd attending. Four tunity for sight seeing under the best Mormon missionaries from Utah, all auspices. The :first tour will start young men, are in charge of the cam- for Japan, Korea and China in Oc- paign, which they say is to be con- tober, 1923.

MISSIONAl~Y

Education in Africa. Report of the Phelps- "Not.withstanding the limited per- Stokes Fuml Commission, prepared by sonnel, the inadequate equipment, and other difficulties of pioneer conditions, 'fhomas .Tesse .Jones. Maps and illustra- some missions have been remarkably tionb. 8vo. 323 pp. 297 Fourth, Ave- nue, New York. 1923.

I n this study of West, Sonth and successful in the organizing and main- Equatorial Africa made by the Afri- taining' ()f educational activities. Records show that some of the most can Education Commission, under the effective elements of education now anspices of the Phelps-Stokes Fund being incorporated in the school and the Protestant Foreign Mission systems of America and Europe have Societies of America and Europe, originated in the schools of the home mucll light if' thrown on the" Conti- and foreign mission fields." . nent of Misnnderstandings," its people and mission work. In making Four essentials of edncational its study the commission spent ten policy and organization required t0'

months in the field during the fall of give Africa au adeqnate and real sys- 1920 and the .following winter, and tem are recommeuded under the titles, traveled more than 25,000 miles "Adaptations of Edncation," "Or- and visited scores of schools and ganization and Supervision," "Edu- mission stations supported by the cation of Masses," "Native Leader- churches of America and Europe. ship," and "Cooperation." To each Although such educational facilities of these is ilevoted a chapter of the as the African natives now have are report.

largely to be credited to the mis- The findings of the C0'mmission are sions, and although "a really great sympathetic toward Christian misservice" has already been rendered sions and are helpful in P0'inting out to the natives along these lines, there possible weaknesses and lines of adhas been an unevenness in the effec- vance. At the same time, there is tiveness of the schools, due largely to occasionally evident the modern spirit a diversity in the conception of the of readiness to discard the old befunction of education. Some missions cause it is old even though it may have have conceived of education merely as prodnced great results, and to adopt mental discipline; others have re- modern methods and machinery that stricted it to teaching the natives to have 110't been sufficiently tested. read the Bible and thus to under- There are good scientific methods and stand the spirit of Christianity; in much m~y- be learned by experience too many cases the schooling has been confined to classroom work based on but, after all, most important is the the traditional dassical preparation IJersonality, devotion and power of for Cambriilge, Oxford, or American the teacher who has been taught by colleges. Too frequently there has God and by experience.

been no general supervision over The Church in America. William Adams groups of schools, and mission boardfl Brown. 12mo. 378 pp. $3.00. The serving the same communities could Macmillan Co. New York. 1922.

Rtrengthen their work by cooperating Dr. Brown, as Chairman 0'f the in the SUPP0'rt of a single secondary Committee on the War and the ReschooL Yet there have been very ligious Outlook, and as Secretary 0'f definite accomplishments in the field t he GeneraI War-Time COIIl.1Ilission of African education, according to of the Churches, has had exceptional the report which says: opportunity to understand "the pres- 415

-ent condition and future prospects 1etics have ever given to the unhearof American Protestantism. ' , He speaks "to all who have won from oring ears of theologues. The book is yesterday's experience the hope of a value, not for its specific instrucbetter tomorrow." He does not blink tions, but for its attitude of intelligent the facts which break the heart. He reverence toward the preacher's task. states frankly the case against the Church as the Great War found it, NEW BOOKS and as the Great War left it. But the facts are to him problems for In the La,nd of Sweepers and Kings. Geo. solution, not incentives to despair. E. Miller. 194 pp. $1.00. Powell & With courage he discusses the partial White. Cincinnati. 1922. tailure of the Inter-Church World Movement, the current vagaries of Kashmir in SunUght and Shade. C. Eo religious thought and organization; Tyndale Biscoe, M.A. 315 pp. J. B. and suggests definite measures by Lippincott Co. Philadelphia. 1922. which the churches may hope to "get together" and "think together" for The Karen People of Burma. A Study in their world task. Anthropology and Ethnology. Harry I. Marshall. 329 JlJl. Ohio State Uni- Missionary Messages. By Rev. James F. versity. Columbus. 1922. Love, D.D. 12mo. 147 pp. $1.25. George H ..Doran Co. New York. Sunrise in Aztec Land. Wm. A. Ross. 242 pp. 50c paper; 7510 doth. Presbyterian While coming from a Southern Committee of Publieation. Richmond. Baptist, many of these messages are 1922. not for Baptists alone. The general topics relate to the value of the mis- The Hill Tribes of Fiji. A. B. Brewster. sionary ideal, the new world condi- 308 pp. 21 s. Seeley, Service & Co. tions, missionary messages and suc- London. 1922. cess, the religion of the future, etc. Baptist topics treat of the Home Base, Human Australasia. Charles F. Thwing. the Baptist program in Europe and 270 pp. $2.50. The Macmillan Co. elsewhere. They are stimulating for New York. 1923. thoughtful readers. In the Heart of Bantuland. Dugald Camp- Preaching and Sermon Construction. Paul bell. 313 pp. J. B. Lippincott Co. B. Bu.ll, M.A. 8vo. 378 pp. $2.50. The Philadelphia. 1922. Macmillan Co. New York. 1922. Midst Volcanic Fires. Maurice Frater. The writer, who describes himself 288 pp. $2.25. Pilgrim Press. Boston. as a Priest of the Community of 'the 1922. Resurrection, is an Englishman, who walks frequently in a world unknown With the Judeans in the Palestine Camto the average Protestant American. paign. J. H. Patterson. 270 pp. $2.25. He rlwells with extraordinary empha- The Macmillan Co. New York. 1922. sis on doctrine, discipline and devotion, and especially upon " The Chin,a's Crossroads. Elliott I. Osgood. 229 Blessed Sacrament." pp. $1.00. Powell & White. Cincin- nati. 1922. The book abounds in admirable sentences. For example: "What God Christian Education in China. Committee wants is not the patronage of our of Reference and Counsel. 419 pp. intellectual approval, but the entire $2.00. Foreign Missions Conference. surrfmder of our will;" again: "The 25 Madison Avenue, New York. 1922. sins of good people come chiefly from exhaustion. " Prem Masih of Damoh. Geo. E. Miller. 127 pp. $1.00. Powell & White. Cin- With fine humor and ample illus- cinnati. 1922. t.rations t.he author gives the ancient monitions which teachers of homi- All in a Life Time. Henry Morgenthau. 454 pp. $4.00. Doubleday, Page & Co. New York. 1922.

Wiliamu, Mariner, Missionary (The story of John Williams. Ernest H. Haynes, 111 pp. 1 s 2 d paper; 1 s 9 d doth. Livingstone Press. 48 Broadway, West- minster S. W. I., London. 1923.

Pandita Ramabai. Clementina Butler. 94 pp. $1.00. Fleming H. Revell Co. New York. 1922.

Missionary Program Material. Anita B. Ferris. 153 pp. Missionary Education Movement.. New York. 1922.

Education in Africa. Thomas J esse Jones. 323 pp. Phelps-Stokes Fund. 297 Fourth Avenue. New York. 1922.

The Missionary Review of the World — April 1923

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i I i I i I I I I I I~- — – -~– – – – – – – I I I i I I I I I I I I – The Missionary Review Publishing Co., 156 Fifth Avenue. New York City MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COM- The Pathos of Girl's Problems PANY Girls' problems are often heart-break- ing. Lonely business girls to-day know The meeting was held at 3: 30 P.M. on this. The world chaos finds them more February 8, 1923, in the assembly room at in need of help than ever before. 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City. The president of the nompany, Dr. Robert K Multitudes of mothers and teachers Speer, presided and gave an interesting reo are almost hopeless over the situation. port of his experiences in Persia Jast year. The tragedy of demoralization in modern 'rhere were represented 341 votes of stock· girl-life is sobering both Christian and holders personally or by proxy and a nnm· secular America. ber of other friends of the REVIEW were present. And now a new and vital solution for many such problems is offered to girls The Treasurer's annual report for the through. the ministry of a Christian year 1922 showed receipts and expenditures woman who is known by thousands of amounting to $33,494. The Maintenance Fund was drawn upon for $6,950 to meet them. She conducts a new department the expenses. There was a decrease of $9,000 in the expenditures compared with dealing with actual, intimate life prob- 1920 and of $4,500 compa.red with 1921. lems of the girls of to-day in The Secretary reported that'an increasing Letters from girls will be answered by number of home and foreign mission boards this experienced Christian woman in the and societies are cooperating with the UEVIEW, by contributions to the Maintenance Times, and mothers, teachers, and all l"und and by helping to extend the circula· workers with girls will find her counsel tion. Last year 23 boards and societies and as welcome as the girls themselves. ] 8 friends contribnted the amount needed for the Maintenance Fund. The Foreign Arc:haeology's Latest News Missions Conference, the Federation of Woman'~ ~oards of Foreign Missions, the is given in The Sunday School Times Home M1SSlOnS Council and the Council of fully and authoritatively; and never be- Women for Home Missions have committees especially designated to cooperate with the fore have such thrilling and momentous REVIEW. finds been so imminent as to-day through The new subscriptions received during the the new political freedom in Bible lands. year numbered 2,537 and over 70 per cent. of the subscribers renewed. The UEVIEW Moderni5lD. and the Sunday-school goes to all mission fields and every State of have a vital connection: do you know the Union. Libraries and societies also put what it is? The Sunday School Times the REVIEW at the disposal of large circles has been investigating facts as to the of readers. most successful Sunday-schools and their stand on the fundamentals of the Last year the REVIEW pubUshed H1~0m2e4 Christian faith; the results, in practical pages and included 28 articles on Ways of Working, are given to Times'

Mission topics in addition to news items readers.

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VOL. APRIL,1923 NUMBER LXVI FOUR CHINESE STUDENTS AND CHRISTIANITY T HE strong anti-Christian movement which broke out among students in China a year ago following addresses by Bertrand Russell and Professor Dewey, of Columbia, and just before the Conference of the 'World's Christian Student Federation in Peking, has apparently been comparatively short lived. Some leaders of the Chinese Rennaissance Movement, sUf)h as Tsai Yuan-pei, Chancellor of the Government University at Peking, supported the propaganda and gave courage to students to attack Christianity. They gave a patriotic tone to their charges and won those of socialistic sympathies by saying that Christianity was a capitalistic movement from the West. It is interesting to note that the women students did not join with the young men in the agitation and as there was nothing constructive about it the leaders found little fuel to keep the flame burning.

The failure of the attack was evidenced by the fact that last autumn the Christian mission schools and colleges enrolled larger numbers than ever. Nanking University, with over one thousand students, could only accept one-fourth of the applicants for admission, although tuition and board fees were 150 per cent higher than in government institutions of the same rank and although at Nanking University it is known that students have positive Christian teaching.

Mr. V. P. Ting, a Chinese in Nanking, writes in The Weekly Review, (Shanghai, November 25, 1922) concerning the anti-Christian movement from a Chinese viewpoint: Since the anti·Christian movement which created a momentary excite· ment among the non·Christian Chinese students of Nanking, there has developed a complete lull on the part of its self.important agitators and, on the whole, this unreasonable movement has gradually died down … During recent months, the non·Christian students' attitude toward Christianity has not been so aggressive as during the conference at Peking last year. On the contrary, there have been more non·Christian students of the National Southeastern University, Teachers' College, and their affiliated institutions, who have vol· 245

untarily enlisted themselves as students of Bible classes than ever before. A large number of others have expressed their intention to study the Holy Bible under foreign missionaries. Perhaps some of these students have really wanted to make a serious study of the Bible with the view of grasping the vital principles of Christianity but the majority of them have entered the classes with the motive of brushing up in the English language and literature …

Up to the present, nothing further has been heard of the anti-Christianists. Consequently, in all probability the anti-Christian movement has not borne any serious and detrimental effects on the onward progress of the works of our foreign missionary friends and colleagues.

Mr. B. S. Ding, a Baptist student at Georgetown College, Kentucky, writes in the Home and Foreign Field: "The greatest need of China is not American civilization and education but the simple Gospel of Christ. .. With the salvation of Christ, the Chinese can make their own national prosperity." He strongly deprecates any teaching that is rationalistic or destructive for he says, "The Chinese are naturally skeptical and when leaders from whom they received Christianity cast doubt on God's Word, the Chinese are ready to throw all religion overboard. Under such destructive teaching, students who have been brought up with sincere faith will lose their spiritual.ideals and become infidels."

Non-Christians are perplexed by conflicts between the teaching of those who cast doubts on the truth and authority of the Bible and those who uphold it as the Word of God. They do not see how both views can be true. As the Chinese Monthly states, "young China finds that what is taught by Dewey and Russell is radically different from what the missionaries teach." The tendency to emphasize secular education and social service as the way to life, rather t1an to proclaim the salvation of Christ, leads the Chinese to materialistic views and ambitions. If missionaries lose the self-denying spirit of their Master and fail to put spiritual things first, they must lose their power to build up a strong Christian Church. Mr. Ding says, "Observations by Chinese students of the condition in various nations, especially in the United States, causes many to reject religion blindly. They sometimes observe only the worst side of society and attribute the evils to a lack of power and reality in Christianity. Unwholesome moving picture stories and social exclusion germinate hatred in their minds. They do not realize that Christianity has not fostered these evils but that they are due to a lack of obedience to God's Word." On the whole, the anti-Christian movement seems to have bene- fited the Christian mission work by bringing Christianity to the attention of many who might not have given it serious thought. Chinese leaders of the Church have also been stimulated to examine the foundations of their faith and have not found it difficult to disprove the unfounded charges made against the missionaries and the Chinese Christians.

EDITORIAL COMMENTS

Dr. John E. WilliamsI Vice-President of Nanking University, writes, "I believe that the anti-Christian movement has, on the whole, been a good thing for Christianity in China. It has compelled more careful thinking on the part of nominal Christians, and even Christians of acknowledged leadership, to understand what Christ's teaching really means for China and for their own personal lives. Men prominent in politics, commerce and education who were professing Christians have taken a more positive stand and others who had not done so are giving far more attention to the study of Christianity. "

No movement designed to defeat the cause of Christ can succeed if His followers remain true to Him. No weapon that is formed against the Church shall prosper. The members of Christ's' army need not fear attacks from without but we must guard carefully against any lack of loyalty within the ranks of His ambassadors.

TURKISH DIPLOMACY AND CHRISTIANITY n;FTER the Smyrna tragedy there was a wide appeal from the missionary and religious organizations of America to Presi- dent Harding and to the State Department that the United States should do something to prevent the transportation of the Smyrna tragedies across the Bosphorus into Constantinople and Europe. This appeal included a request that the United States should have official representation in the conference and be ready to take its share in its conclusions. The sentiment of the country was said to be more united on the question whether America should take her place in stopping the tide of barbarism that was threatening to sweep across into Europe. American observers went to Lausanne but were in a difficult position because it was understood that, no matter what was done at Lausanne, the United States would take no responsibility for the result and would join no demonstration against Turkey nor assume any responsibility for the conclusions of the conference.

For three months the discussion continued and the Americans stood for certain specific things. They helped secure the freedom of the Straits and struggled to secure an Armenian National Home but were unsuccessful. Another point was the old question of whether Christians should be driven out of Turkey. Dr. Nansen suggested exchange of populations but that means chiefly driving the Armenians out of Turkey. In some places Turkish notices to Armenians were worded as follows: "You have liberty to go out of the country. If you fail to go now, the government will not be responsible for anything that happens to you later. I, Practically the whole Armenian population evacuated except the men from fifteen to fifty years of age who were compelled to remain as prisoners. The exchange of popu-

lations came to mean the elimination of the Armenians from the Turkish Empire except in Constantinople, and many there have received notice to leave.

At Lausanne, it seems that, in the first place, the Turk has won control of Constantinople and the right to expel a non-Mohammedan population. It seems beyond belief that at a conference of seven nations Turkey was virtually accorded the right to expel her Greek and Armenian populations because they were not satisfactory to her. It is a dangerous precedent to say that a nation that wants to rid itself of any part of its population should have the right to send them out with no warning and no place to go.

Turkey also secured the "right" (under protest), to abrogate previous engagements that she had entered into. All the concessions, all the capitUlations, all the permits, all the agreements that have been entered into by previous Turkish Governments prior to 1918 are abrogated and the Turks are starting anew.

The Turks have also won the absolute elimination of the Armenian question from any futnre discussion. This is the first international conference in Europe that has been held to consider matters of the Near East since and including the Berlin Conference, where the Armenian question has not been up for consideration. The treaty does not mention them except under the name "minority population. " There was much said about the atrocities that have shocked civilization but in the final conclusion there is no indictment of the Turk.

It seems inevitable, unless some Higher Power intervenes, that the Greeks must evacuate the country they occupied two thousand years before they ever heard of Turkey. The Armenians will not be given a National Home within the boundaries of the Turkish Empire, even though it be contrary to every moral sentiment. The Turk has also been allowed the right to expel any other populations he does not like, and the Turks feel toward the Kurds much as they do toward the Armenians.

Dr. James L. Barton, who was an unofficial American observer at Lausanne, gives the following conclusions: "]'irst, we are forced to consider this Turkish case closed. The Turk has carried on his government by processes of massacre for a generation. He has been tried by a court of his peers and they have found no indictment against him. Some say, 'Appeal to the moral judgment of the world.' It was appealed to in 1915 and after the tragedy of Smyrna. It was appealed to when that tragedy was in danger of being repeated in Constantinople. Nothing came of it. The United States can now do nothing for the protection of the Armenians unless it were to declare war on Turkey. We could have joined, three months ago, with England, France and Italy in a firm stand. Then the case could have been settled right and without war.

"We have seen physical force fail in dealing with the Turkish Empire. We are driven to the one thing we can stand for, namelymoral force. The only course open to us is to muster our Christian forces. We have not lost faith in the power of Jesus Christ to win a nation and a people. We are driven from confidence in physical force to our absolute belief and confidence in the power of the Gospel of Christ to change conditions in the world. The Turks in Lausanne recognized that there is a moral need. They said they want missionaries; that religious liberty is accorded. Turkey is no longer a theocracy. The government is divorced from religion. Religion centers in Constantinople and the civil government in Angora.

"Turkey is going to need help to reorganize her government. The Turks will be slow to take experts from Great Britain, France and Italy. America must be ready to fnrnish these. I believe that if we go into the League of Nations with Turkey we can bring to bear on Turkey a moral force that will have weight with her and will help her to be worthy of a place in the sisterhood of nations."

We can and must also continue to send relief to those who suffer from Turkish cruelty, and must send missionaries to the Near East.

"C THE PRESENT PERILS IN CHINA ONDITIONS in China are at a cri_sifl," writes a well-informed correspondent under date of December 20, 1922. "Things cannot go on as they are. Either the foreign powers must intervene or the Chinese must establish a decent, stable government. Many leaders are pocketing the money that should go to railroads, schools, adequate protection and reforms. In the north, bandits have been burning and looting towns and villages, dragging off women and girls for their own wicked purposes. Seventeen foreigners have been seized and held for ransom. Some were civilians and some missionaries."

Mr. F. Frederickson of the Norwegian Lutheran Mission at Lushan, Honan, writes that four or five thousand Chinese bandits and disbanded soldiers entered the city (June 5th) at 3 A.M., the city gates having been opened for the marauders by soldiers placed there to guard them. The city was looted and one third of it was burned, including the city "yamen" and all business and official houses. About two hundred people were killed and thousands were carried off and held for ransom. Mr. Frederickson says: "The mission station was attacked and Mrs. F. Frederickson and I with Miss M. Staurseth lost everything. The houses were set on fire and we, together with the Chinese Christians, were taking shelter in the chapel when the robbers came and ruthlessly took us captive, with threats to kill us all. It was only the protection of God that hindered them from doing so. Mrs. Frederickson and the baby were not al-

lowed to go with me and Miss Staurseth was bound and led away. After seeing the bandit chief, I secured the release for myself and family but Miss Staurseth was taken to the mountains and held captive for four days. When we returned to the station, destruction met our eyes and we did not have a change of clothing, food nor any money except what Ohinese friends gave to us. After a week among the ruins, a soldier escort was secured and took us to the neighboring mission station of the Augustana Synod Mission at Kiahsien where fellow missionaries gave us aid."

A correspondent writes that the kidnapping of a child stirred the diplomatic body in Peking and they sent word to Gen. Wu Pei Fu through the government at Peking, that unless something was done to end the outrages the foreign powers would intervene. General Wu, who had previously done nothing to stop the abuses, sent troops against the bandits who retreated to the mountains. Aeroplanes bombed their strongholds and in terror they set the caphves free.

"Not since the days of the Boxer rebellion have there been so many outrages committed as during the past year, " says the Chinese Recorder. The foreign residents' committee has made a report of these outrages, part of which we quote: "The Augustana Synod Mission has five main stations in Honan, Hsuchow, Yuchow, Juchow, Kiahsien and Honanfu (Loyang). All of these stations had to be abandoned by the foreign missionaries, except Hsuchow. But also at Hsuchow on the Peking-Hankow railway the mission schools have been closed and practically all work has been at a standstill. More than twenty adults of the Augustana Synod Mission took refuge in Hankow, Ohengchow, or Peking.

"At Juchow the two missionaries, A. Lundeen and A. O. Forsberg, were taken captive. The station was looted, the missionaries losing most of their personal belongings. The China Inland Mission has also suffered heavily. Shangtsai station was looted in part. From this station the bandits carried the Rev. H. E. N. Ledgard. Shengchiu station was looted and partly burned. Mrs. and Miss Soderstrom were carried away from this station. At Yingchowfu in Anhwei the brigands looted the station and burned the new residence of the foreign ladies which had been occupied only a week or ten days.

"These three stations as well as Kwangshow were all abandoned by the Ohina Inland missionaries. In all, twelve adults from these four stations are refugees at the time of writing. Besides these four, four other stations were temporarily vacated by the missionaries.

"Kidnapping of foreigners has become a common thing. In the early part of 1922 Rev. W. H. Oldfield of the Christian and Missionary Alliance was captured by bandits in Kwangsi. Later, a French priest of Wuchan, Kweichow, was sent out to plead with the robbers not to loot a town. He was held as hostage on condition that the remaining $8.000 of the $10,000 which had been demanded, be paid.

EDITORIAL COMMEN'fS

Dr. and Mrs. Howard Taylor of the China Inland Mission were captured at a small village not far from Yunnanfu. Mrs. Taylor was released in order to bring the terms upon which her husband might also be released. One of the conditions was that the advance of soldiers should be stopped.

"The climax has been reached in the recent outrages in Honan. During the fighting last May between Wu P'ei-fu's and Chang Tsolin's forces, the military governor of Honan, Chao J'i, took sides against Wu P'ei-fu with disastrous results to himself and his followers. Many of his defeated soldiers and officers thereupon turned brigands and have been the backbone of the brigand forces which have ravaged Honan the past few months. " Lushan, where Mr. and Mrs. Frederickson were captured, is less than seventy-five miles from the headquarters of General Wu P'ei-fu.

China is in despair. The people do not want another revolution nor do they wish foreigu intervention to produce order but they do desire above all things peace and stability. Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism have failed to lift the country out of this evil state and now Christianity has a great opportunity. Those who have put Jesus Christ to the test know that He gives the foundations for character. Only the power of God can save an individual or a nation.

THE WOMEN'S COLLEGES IN THE ORIENT T HE story of the raising of the $3,000,000 fund for the Women's Union Colleges in the Orient is told on another page. Success was due chiefly to the faithful and self-sacrificing service of Mrs. Henry W. Peabody, who, with the help of many other devoted women, planned and carried on the campaign. Mrs. Peabody was herself a missionary in India and from first hand knowledge speaks of the need of educated Christian leadership among the women of the Far East, where women are making their influence felt in many walks of life.

Graduates from the colleges and medical schools are already working for their less fortunate sisters and are founding Christian homes and schools. One of the students in an Indian college said to her Bible teacher, "I was a Buddhist when I came to college, my father is one of the leading Buddhists in Ceylon, but the Bible is so wonderful, and after a year with you I, too, was a Christian. I have waited another year to be quite sure. Please allow me to go back to my own people and be baptized. You here are Christians. My testimony would have no special weight but it may be that some of my people who have never known will find the way through me." Her own mother came first through her "testimony" and now she is going back to lead her own people to Christ.

The people are demanding an education and teachers are greatly needed. It is not good to employ non-Christians in mission schools

and Christian colleges alone can supply trained Christian leadership. Other forces are active and non-Ohristian or anti-Ohristian teachers may undo much that missionaries have done.

Many reforms are needed in family, social, industrial and politicallife. These cannot be wrought by foreigners but when a sufficient number of native Christians are trained to influence public sentiment, they will demand that the evils cease.

Last year a questionnaire was sent out to 218 college women in Japan. One question was, "What changes would improve the homes in Japan?" A large number entered a protest against the geisha contracts, calling them an insult to Japanese womanhood. This shows that college women are at work to change the prevailing evils that hinder the development of their sisters. Thousands of girls in India, Ohina and Japan desire to be educated in order that they may help their own people. Nothing short of a truly Christian education will fit them for the task.

Now that the financial future of these seven colleges is assured, the Ohristian women of America who have given to the fund must see to it that the training is kept thoroughly Christian-that Jesus Christ is exalted in these colleges; that His deity is acknowledged and that these young women are taught to look to Him as the only Saviour from sin. The Bible must be taught as the Word of God and final authority in all matters of religious faith and practice. Then these colleges will succeed as dispensers of light in the Orient.

THE TWOFOLD FAMINE IN RUSSIA T HERE is in Russia both a famine of bread and a famine of the Word of God. Among the greatest sufferers are the students, professors and religious leaders. The European Student Relief of the World's Student Christian Federation has done valiant work since 1917 in keeping alive, largely through self-help schemes, thousands of the student class in central and eastern Europe. The following description shows something of the life of a typical Russian professor today: "If he is an instructor of engineering or medicine he is supposed to receive as food a monthly allowance of bad fish, some rye flour, and a quart of sunflower oil. Even a technical expert is really fortunate if he receives one such ration in three months. The professors and students of the so-called liberal arts get nothing. They are looked upon as parasites and hence are hardly tolerated. Professors as well as students last winter bartered every salable thing which they possessed for food, clothing, lodging, or firewood. This winter they have nothing to sell. There are no regular jobs to be had as laborers, the average lodgings available for theit limited funds are impossibly foul and desperate, the fuel, if they have any, must be gathered per-

EDITORIAL OOMMENTS

sonally in the forests, and they have no light by which to study except lamps made from empty containers and kept burning with the almost priceless sunflower oil, each drop of which when burned means so much less with which to satisfy their ever-present hunger. With no help whatever this winter a strong professor or student must work from sixteen to eighteen hours to meet expenses for himself. This leaves nothing extra for a family. Further help must be given by the outside world or the light of education and learning in Russia will be extinguished altogether."

The American Relief Administration reports from Moscow that eighty-five of the students who are being fed with American food are making a big return upon that investment. They receive one meal a day at the student-feeding kitchens of the city, maintained by the Student Friendship Fund of the WorId 's Student Christian Federation of which the Y. W. C. A. and the Y. M. C. A. are the American representatives. They give one day and one night out of every three to the work that the American Relief Administration is doing for refugees and for children. Themselves poverty-stricken, they give generously of their only possessions, time and love. Their particular department is the collecting and distributing work, and their special field consists of the seven railroad stations into which trains from the famine-stricken areas run. It is a hard and a dangerous work. So many of the refugees who come into the Moscow stations have typhus that more than half the eighty-five students working among them have already suffered from that dread disease. More than 10,000 students in Russia are receiving one meal a day in the student kitchens maintained by the Student Friendship Fund.

The American Friends Service Committee, in announcing a budget of $2,675,000 to cover its work in Russia until September, 1923, stated: "We make feeding our first object, and use funds for reconstruction only after famine relief has been provided. It should be realized, however, that agricultural and other reconstruction work is itself famine relief work in the broadest sense of the term. Until the agriculture of the famine zone is reconstructed, the famine cannot be terminated; and our reconstruction program is just as essential to permanent saving of life as is relief feeding. All reports indicate that the suffering in the famine area is going to be almost as great this year as last. The great shortage of horses and seeds made it impossible for the peasants to plant enough for their needs, and a :very severe drought during the summer of 1922 very seriously affected what little grain was planted. Large numbers survived the famine last year by eating their livestock, but this year little stock remains to be eaten. Last year famine sufferers who ·had clothing or other valuable possessions sold them for food, but this year they will not have that resource either. They will depend more completely than ever upon outside relief for their lives."

Other Christian relief agencies, like the Efficient Russian Evangelization Society of New York, are working particularly to save the evangelical Christians of Russia and are at the same time feeding the people with the Word of God.

The need of spiritual food is quite as great as for temporal bread. According to a British newspaper correspondent, if we would correctly understand the position of Communism in regard to Russian life and the internal and external policy of the Soviet Government, it is necessary to see Communism in its true light as a new religion, the state religion of Russia. Mr. Duranty finds that Communism is the accepted doctrine of the Russian State, and cites the statement of Lunacharsky, the Soviet Minister of Education, that Communist teaching would form a part of the Russian scheme of instruction, from elementary schools to the universities.

The Christian message to Russia will not only bring practical help for the problems of every-day life but will bring about right relations to God and preparation for the life to come.

UNOCCUPIED CHINA Almost one-fourth of China proper still remains unclaimed by any Protestant Church or Chinese Home Missionary Society. In addition an area exceeding in extent the whole of China proper and embracing almost all of Inner Mongolia, Outer Mongolia, Sinkiang, Kokonor, Chwanpien and Tibet remains unclaimed and practically unentered. To these great stretches of unclaimed territory we must add cities of Indo-China, Formosa, the East Indies and other places where Chinese estimated at over eight million in total number reside, and where as yet comparatively little Christian work is done among these relatively influential countrymen. No missionary society has assumed evangelistic responsibility for forty per cent of Kweichow, Yunnan, Kansu and Kwangsi. The population of these unclaimed areas is fifteen million. There is not one foreign doctor in Inner or Outer Mongolia. . Of the three-fourths of China proper for which Christian missions have now acknowledged responsibility, many sections are so' poorly worked that 380,000 square miles, or one-quarter still lies 30 Ii or more beyond any reported evangelistic center. Add this to the unclaimed area and approximately 46 per cent of the total area of China proper still remains relatively unoccupied for Christ.

We have only begun to bring in the harvest. The great need of the Church of Christ in China is to receive a fresh spirit of Apostolic evangelism. It is possible to be busy organizing, raising our educational standards, increasing our hospital efficiency, multiplying our expressions of Christian service and yet overlooking the supreme and immediate need of harvesting the ripened grain.

A GROUP OF OUTCASTES-THEl "UNTOUCHABLElS"-IN

The New Opportunity in India BY REV. W. L. FERGUSON, D.D., MADRAS, SOUTH INDIA Missionary of the American Baptist Foreign Mission Society, 1895- T wo forces are struggling for the mastery in India today, The Past and The Present, The Old and The New. The Past is sayiug, "Back to the Vedas and Shastras, to the ways and works of the Ancients." The Present is saying, "Let us break their bands asunder and cast away their cords from us." The Old stands fearful and frowning, with warning voice and uplifted hand, saying, "Beware!" The New is young and fair, "like a bridegroom coming out of his chamber, and as a strong man to run a race," ready, eager, confident, impatient at either warning or restraint and anxious to be off and away upon the unknown and untried course called The Future.

255

What will be the issue of the struggle 7 Will India break with her pasU Will she, dare she, abandon her caste, her ancient social, economic, educational, commercial and political systems and substitute for them the modern spirit of progress, equality and fraternity; give freedom of choice to the individual in such vital and important matters as selecting a trade, vocation, profession or a wife; adopt with all its possibilities for good or evil the new scientific learning of the West; employ to the full the machinery and processes of present day commerce and merchandising; and accept with all its implications the doctrine of democracy, giving it practical application in local, provincial and national government? And more important than all, Will she, dare she, change her ancient religious systems for a new and more aggressive faith f Will Hinduism, Buddhism, Mohammedanism and many others pass with the old order, as did the religions of Greece, Rome and the rest of Europe and will CHRIST win His way to the hearts of all?

To give adequate answer to all these questions would require the writing of a book. The most that can be accomplished here is to give some hints or what has been and now is going on.

That India is moving in the direction of Christ there can be no doubt, especially when one compares the India of today with the India of a century or a century and a half ago. History has a way of repeating itself, sometimes down to the last detail, and this is true of India and the spread of the Christian faith. Look at that old India, closed fast against the entry of the missionary; that India inunersed in satis£.action with its caste and its religion; that India with lords many and gods many-330,OOO,OOO; that India with its idolatry, human sacrifices and widow-burning; with its outcastes, Laws of Manu and self-inflicted woes; with its priestly caste in practical possession of the keys to knowledge, privilege and power; with its high lights of wisdom and philosophy on the one hand, the possession oithe few, and on the other hand its dense darkness for the people as a whole.

Now place over against that the coming of CHRIST and His message and see what the years have wrought. At first the missionary was ignored or treated as a curiosity, just as he was in Athens in the first century. "Some said, ·What would this babbler say? others, He seemeth to be a setter forth of strange gods; because he preached Jesus and the resurrection." Then arose at successive stages disputations, oppositions, persecutions and ostracism, so that those who followed The Way ultimately became "The sect everywhere spoken against." From Brahman convert to outcaste convert all who accepted Christ had to endure the ban of fire and water, the loss of friends, property, worldly prospects and family ties. This still continues in greater or less degree; but with less strength many times than in the past.

THE NEW OPPORTUNITY IN INDIA

At present the conflict has advanced to the literary stage, where tracts, books and pamphlets in refutation of the Christian message are being freely produced, and to the active counter propaganda of public preaching by Hindus and Mohammedans whose aim is to -confute us and to confirm their own adherents. Down to the last detail the methods of the Christian missions are being imitated or duplicated, in young people's work, in Sunday schools, in work for women shut in their homes and in open proclamation in the streets. The day of organized and vigorous resistance is upon us; but we do not fear because the light is shining with ever increasing brightness. It is interesting sometimes to observe what ancient charges are renewed.

Once, in a village some miles back from the main highway I heard a man reproach one of the Christians who had just been attending worship and the observance of the Lord's Supper, saying, "Your religion is abominable; I want nothing to do with it. You have just been drinking the blood of a baby who has been sacrificed." Students of early. church history will recognize this as one of the indictments brought against Christians in the Roman Empire. One could adapt Paul's descriptive words (1 Cor. 1: 22-24) thus: Mohammedans ask for signs and Hindus seek after wisdom; but we preach Christ crucified, unto }fohammedans a stumblingblock, and unto Hindus foolishness; but unto them that are called, both Mohammedans and Hindus, Christ the power of God and the wisdom of God. Because the foolishness of God is wiser than men; and the weakness of God is stronger than men.

The constant preaching of the message: There is one God and Father of all; there is one Lord and Saviour of men; there is one hope and way of salvation; there is equal opporhmity for king and beggar, for caste and outcaste in the kingdom of grace, for God is no respecter of persons-the preaching of these elemental truths of the Gospel and the practical exemplification of them in service has made a deep and an abiding impression upon India so that she is no longer the same. These basic words are becoming the common possession and belief of the multitudes and the effects are correspondingly noticeable. While the major portion of the changes to be noted is doubtless due to the Christian message, the interplay of other forces, such as the British administration in government, modern education, commerce with the outer world including foreign travel and the Great War, should not be forgotten, and whatever credit is due should be assigned to them.

These are some of the changes which one long resident in India and familiar with its customs may note: Oaste i& undergoing great and constant changes. Its spirit and attitude toward the lower castes and tne outcastes is modified to such an extent that Brahman and other leaders are instituting :3

WHERE MISSION WORK IS BEGUN-A HlTT USED FOR A VILLAGE SCHOOL measures for the social, intellectual and economic uplift of these depressed classes. Such efforts are not new in India, for missionaries and government have been at work on these tasks for nearly a century. The thing that is new is to have the high castes recognize the manhood and the needs of these humble folk and to begin to bestir themselves for their reclamation. Caste-intermarriage has not yet become popular; but caste-interdining with social and political fellowship is rapidly increasing, especially in the cities and larger towns. Political and social reformers of all parties are discussing the caste problem; most of them are unsparing in condemning the system; and many are seeking ways and means for freeing themselves and the people from its rule.

Idolatry is scotched; but not killed. Like caste it will be long in dying out. Its defenses are weakened and one now hears little of the theory that the particular god represented by the image is resident in the image, having come in at the time of dedication. Rather is the defense similar to that which is made by a devout Roman Catholic for the use of his images, that they are aids to worship and faith.

Polygamy is declining as an institution both among Mohammedans and such classes of Hindus as once openly practised it. Men are more and more becoming ashamed of it and are ceasing their efforts to defend and uphold it. Monogamy is becoming the universal custom.

THE NEW OPPOR'l'UNITY IN INDIA

W idow-remar'riage is becoming common. It has always been lawful for a man to remarry after the death of his wife; but until recently women have been compelled to perpetual widowhood, with all the domestic and social deprivations which Hinduism imposed. The reform began with the remarriage of virgin widows,-those girls who in infancy had lost their husbands through death. I well remember the day when the senior missionary at a great gathering stood on a chair and read out to the entire assembly the news of the first widow-remarriage to occur during his long service in India. Today such events are so common as to provoke scarcely a comment in the press. "When one considers that there are some 26,- 500,000 widows in the land the importance of this reform becom~s apparent.

Child-marriage is slowly dying out. "The census tables of 1911 show that at that time there were more' than 2,500,000 wives under ten years of age, and over 134,000 under five; and 13,212 under one year old. The system is under condemnation by the best social reformers, and the two Native States of Mysore and Baroda have passed laws making it unlawful to marry girls under the ages of eight and nine years of age in these respective States. Besides the Christian missions and churches, two other religious organizations, A center where new Cbristian leaders are being trained

the Brahmo Samaj in Bengal and the Arya Samaj in North India, are working to overthrow the custom.

The practice of dedicating girls and women to the service of Hindu temples is being attacked by Hindu reformers. Many of these girls and women have been formally married to the idols in the temples, have been taught to sing, dance and perform publicly at Hindu festivals, at marriages and on other great occasions. What such a system has produced in the way of moral degradation and shame is known only to the women themselves and to those who have gone among them as friends carry- ing the message of hope. All honor to the enlightened ruler of Mysore, His Highness the Maha- raja, who at one stroke of his pen abolished the system in the temples within his domain! Hindus them- selves must handle this reform, for since it is connected with reli- gion and the administration of the temple and its worship, the British 'Government, which is pledged to religious neutrality, cannot touch it with legislation.

Obscene carving$, and orna- mentations on the temples and A PRODUCT OF HINDUISM temple cars are becomil!-g less in A Hindu "Holy Man" receiving alms evidence. In South India, in the parts most familiar to me,. during the past fifteen years I have not known of more than one new temple to be built with these objectionable objects exposed to public view; and in the restoration of temples such figures are being omitted.

All these things and many more which might be cited indicate that there is now in India such a thing as public opinion and a growing conscience to which appeal can be made, and successfully, for reforms. A new day is dawning for the 50,000,000 outcastes, the 500,000 blind, the 200,000 deaf and dumb, the 81,000 insane and the 110,000 lepers. CHRIST has come to India; his voice has been heard pleading for the widow, the poor, the oppressed, and for him that. had no helper; and his voice is prevailing. In each forward step India is moving towards HIM. The people as never before are aware ()f themselves and of each other. The spirit of liberty and of democracy is abroad and the masses are beginning to claim and to clamor for manhood rights, suffrage, prohibition of the drink traffic, universal elementary education and much more. Sunday is generally

PRE NEW OPPORTUNrry IN INDIA

observed as a holiday in the cities and chief towns; Christmas is celebrated increasingly by Mohammedans and Hindus; and Chris- tian standards prevail in courts of law, in marts of trade and in the practice of journalism and the learned professions. Yes, the trend is certainly toward CHRIST in the country as a whole. Thus great has been the impact of the Christian message and the influence of the nascent churches, whose membership and· clientele now number more than 5,000,000 of every name; whose increase dur- ing the past decade has been fully 60 per cent.

Prospects for future advance? Is there any reason to hope for the speedy evangelization of India; and what is onr present opportu- nity for pressing on and completing the task ~ Let the answer be brief and to the point, namely, The prospects never were better. There are no obstacles more difficult to overcome than those which have already been faced and in a meas- ure conquered. The main tools for our task have now been fashioned and their worth proved.

There are the translations of the A PRODUCT OF CHRISTIANITY Bible into all the main tongues spoken An Indian physician and his bride (also a in the Empire. phYSician) ready for se!'Vice There is a growing volume of Christian literature which is refreshing and fertilizing the thought of aU classes, men and women, boys and girls.

There are the thousands upon thousands of village schools conducted by the missions and churches, with their daily teaching of scripture and their emphasis upon right living both before God and man.

There are the scores of high schools under Christian management where thousands of the choicest youth of the land, both boys and girls are being taught.

There are the Christian colleges dotted over the Provinces and Presidencies, in which the best and soundest learning of our day is being imparted to the future leaders of India, colleges for women a few and for men many.

There are the normal training schools for teachers, the industrial and trades schools for youth of both sexes, the theological institutions for preparing evangelists and pastors for their life vocations.

There are the medical schools and nurses' training schools for women, the hospitals, dispensaries, the homes for the blind, the lepers, the orphans, the aged and the infirm.

Last, but not least, there is the indigenous Christian community, which is feeling as never before its strength and its responsibility for the aooomplishing of the work yet to be done.

Recent years have witnessed a marvelous development in self-government, self-support and self-extension.

Home and foreign missions are being maintained and successfully prosecuted by the churches of India.

Christians are exerting an influence on the thought and life of the country all out of proportion to their present numbers. Let none underestimate their importance in shaping the future and let none minimize the greatness of the work hitherto aecomplished in bringing such forces into being.

On the other hand, let none fail to recognize the gigantic proportions of the task yet to be done. As yet only a little more than one out of seventy of the population is in any sense Christian; there are many areas only partially occupied by missions, where strong reinforcements are needed; there are other areas wholly unoccupied and unevangelized and these ought speedily to be pre-empted for Christ. Moreover there is the changing social, religious and political order previously noted in this article, the outcome of which none can foresee. There is always the possibility of reaction setting in and stopping the course of progress.

But none of these things, nor all of them together, should move or dismay ns, for the people are open-minded and the only possibility of defeat lies in a lagging programme and in failure to cooperate with God while His Spirit is abroad ill these wonderful days.

INDIAN CHRISTIANS AT AN ANNUAL CONFERENCE ObUVJOll8 to the passing of time, they listen attentively to messages on sin and the Divine Saviour

Thoburn-A Practical

BY REV. HARRY FARMER, D.D., NEW YORK CITY Associate Secretary of the Board of Fo.reign Missions, Methodist Episcopal Church A T Meadville, Pennsylvania, 011 November 28,1922, ther e passed. away, at eighty-seven years of age, one of the great leaders of modern missionary enterprise. }i'or fourteen years James M. Thoburn had been living in retirement and to his home in Meadville, there went from time to time great leaders of the Christian Church to consult with him or to receive his advice and benediction upon their work for world conquest.

For over fifty years he was an active missionary in India and during twenty years exercised the office of Bishop in the Methodist Episcopal Church. In his latter years present day affairs gradu- ally failed to impress him. India filled his thoughts. Once hearing a visitor tell of just having come from Columbus, 0., he inquired, "'Vhat country is that in ' " and on being informed it was America, he .replied: ' "I went to school in America when a boy, but I live in India now."

James Mills Thoburn was A RECENT PORTRAIT OF BISHOP born in St. Clairsville, Ohio, on THO BURN March 7, 1836. He was the seventh of ten children, born to his parents Matthew and Jane Lyle Crawford Thoburn. He received his early training in a Methodist home and church and after being graduated from Allegheny College in 1857 he sailed for India as a missionary in 1859. He became known far and wide in heathen countries and Christian lands as one who exemplified the life and words of Christ. He was small of stature, almost insignificant in bearing, and might pass unnoticed by those who did not know him. When he returned on furlough after ten years of service in India, preachers and church officials paid him but little attention, and not many pulpits were opened to him. At an Iowa Conference of preachers, he could not secure an opportunity to speak, until the ladies of the Women's Foreign Missionary Society, lacking a speaker 263

at their anniversary, invited him to make the address. A few remain who heard him and they testify that it was the most compelling and thrilling address of their lives. Immediately invitations for missionary talks were pressed upon him, and in a short time he had collected the $25,000 needed for his special projects, and returned to the field to carry on his work.

Having given his life to India Bishop Thoburn never once turned back. whell the Board could not supply funds to keep pace with God in the forward movements, Bishop Thoburn appealed directly to the Church, and began the campaign for special gift support, which brought in to the India work before his retirement, several hundred thousand dollars annually, and which netted a yearly income of a million dollars to the Methodist Board for all foreign mission fields.

Bishop Thoburn was a pioneer in every sense of the word. Like Saint Paul, he liked to travel new paths and to sail unknown seas. He could not resist the call of the needy, and seemed to have a sixth sense which led him into strange places. One incident is typical. He was at work on his Sunday sermon one Saturday and could not keep his mind on the subject. At last he arose and put on his coat and hat and went out into the storm. He went into strange streets and at last was led to enter a house and inquired whether anyone there needed the services of a pastor. He found a man who was in despair and in contemplation as to how he might take his life. In a short time, Dr. Thoburn made this wayward son acquainted with his Friend and Saviour, and left him full of life and new hope.

The Eurasian people made up a large part of the English speaking community in every large city in India, and in Thoburn's early missionary experience, very little was done for them. I,earning of the evangelistic tours of William Taylor, Dr. Thoburn invited him to come to India, and planned the series of meetings in Bombay, Calcutta, Lucknow and other large cities of India, which swept many thousands of people into the Kingdom. These converts were organized into self-supporting churches, which today are the centers of great missionary influence. When William Taylor returned to the United States, Thoburn gave up his missionary connection and support, and for many years led this evangelistic movement among English speaking people in India.

A country with more than 300,000,000 people might well constitute a sufficient challenge for any man, but to this missionary, whose ear was so delicately attuned, there came other cries from great distances. He crossed the Bay of Bengal, and preached to the hungry for righteousness in Rangoon, Burma. Soon he passed on to Singapore where many rallied to his call. Large English speaking churches resulted, and became the bases for reaching the native population of Malaysia. From Singapore, the work spread through-

BISHOP THOBURN- A PRACTICAL PROPHET

out the Malay Peninsula, into Borneo, Java and Sumatra. On one .occasion, while offering prayer in the Singapore Church, Bishop Thoburn was led to pray for Manila, the only city in the East then closed to the Gospel messenger. H e pled for these people who were without the Bible and the free Gospel. Before ending the prayer, he seemed to see in a vision the barred gates of Manila open, and he broke into praise and thanksgiving for a prayer-answering God.

Bishop Thoburn was both saint and seer. His life was holy, but this did not seem to separate him from men. It rather attracted them to him. His preaching in India was attended by constant revivals. Christians came to him for advice and direction; sinners came for confession and prayer. He would not be discouraged nor overwhelmed by the masses of ignorant low-caste people and untouchables, nor by opposition and persecution of the Hindus and Mohammedans. He turned to the oppressed and needy With a sure faith that his Saviour was sufficient to care for them and to train leaders to instruct and guide them. While loyal to the practices of his Church, he did not hesitate to use his own judgment in organizing the new converts into churches, and in- stituting plans unknown in the ;.s JAMES THOBURN SAILED FOR INDIA home Church. He established village schools and simple church services. He brought the leaders together into District Conferences and Institutes-a method since adopted in America. He introduced Indian tunes with specially written hymns, and in every way tried to adopt the right method in preparing a service of worship and praise for these new-born Christians.

His heart was greatly touched by the abject condition of woman and her lack of recognition in the Indian family. His keen perception grasped the truth, that she could be rescued only by the efforts of consecrated Christian womanhood. He induced his sister Isabella to give up her home and profession and return to India with him. Her work was successful and marked out the way for others, so that

she not only left her name to the Women's College of Lucknow, but it is forever written on the hearts of Indian womanhood.

Bishop Stuntz, who was called into India by Bishop Thoburn, said of him: "In all that he said or did there was the prophetic note. He looked into the future. He looked at totals, not at items. He sought the currents, because he was not satisfied to move about the eddies."

At the Laymen's 1:nssiou'ary Congress in Chicago in 1909, the Chairman introduced Bishop Thoburn as the greatest missionary statesman of his generation, and he had the honor of opening the first session with prayer, and closing the last session with the benediction. The Christian Advocate has well described him: "Without spectacular qualities, with no special gift for dramatic eloquence, nevertheless by sheer force of spiritual endowment, breadth of sympathy and administrative skill, he won recognition in India, in America and the world, as perhaps the greatest missionary leader that ).1:ethodism has produced."

<When retired by the General Conference in 1908, he said: "My parting word to you is that you will carry with you always the conviction that when .Jesus Christ said: 'I am with you always,' He meant what He said."

Bishop Thoburn walked with God-not ahead of Him, nor behind Him, but with Him, in such familiar, joyful fellowship and service that his aims and utterances were divinely inspired. He knew his IJord, he knew the Word, he knew the human heart and the only cure for sin, and he spared no effort in striving to make Christ known. He early saw that missionaries could never evangelize the people that must be reached, and that only by the enlisting of multitlldes of converts, both of men and women, to tell the Wondrous Story in their own tongue, could the work be accomplished.

In 1900, at the Ecumenical Missionary Conference, New York, he said: "If this Conference and those whom it represents will do their duty, within the first decade of the new century, 10,000,000 souls might be gathered into the Church of Christ.'.' .The Living Christ was his favorite theme. "It is not enough," he said, "to proclaim the fact that Jesus rose from the dead; but to add to this the supreme assertion that He who was dead and rose to life again is living still; that he is the King of nations, the Saviour of sin- ners, the Helper of universal humanity." This conviction characterized his whole career. The Indian Witness.

Probably the most striking thing about Bishop Thoburn was the way in which he combined the supernatural and spiritual elements with the practical and business qualities of life. This combination was in his case so perfect that it gave to his life a symmetry and value altogether unusual. His piety was of the type that could stand any test, yet his ideas and plans fitted in perfectly with the daily life of "small things" that mark all our lives. He touched great affairs of the kingdom and petty matters of daily routine with the same consciousness of God's· presence and realization of His leading.

Rev. Benton T. Badley.

MOSLEM PROPAGANDIST

(1) The Message. Colombo, Ceylon. Tamil edition. (2) The Light. Published in Lahore, India. Edited by MUstafa Khan. (3) Liwa·el-Islam. In Arabic. PUblished in Berlin; (4) Echo de l'Islam-in French. Published jn France. Organ of the Islamic Bureau of Information. (5) The Muslim-organ of tbe Anjurman-i-Jslam. Singapore. (13) The Moslem Sunrise, Chicago. Ahmedj sect. Edited by Mufti Muhammad Sadiq. (7) The Islamic Review. Tamil edition, Madras, India. (8) Tbe Islamic Review. Urdu edition, India. (9) The Islamic Review, Waking, England. Edited by Khwaja Karval-ud-din.

The Situation in the Moslem World An address given at the Fore'i,qn Missions Conference, BethLehem, Pa.

BY REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D.D., F .R.G.S., CAIRO, EGYPT Editor of The Moslem Wol'ld A LTHOUGH the political chaos in the Near East rivets the attention of the public and the press, it is not the vital factor in evangelizing the Moslem world. Nor does this political situation, however perplexing, concern the whole Moslem world, but only a small fraction of its vast population.

The economic and social condition of the world of Islam is today such, and has been such for decades and centuries, that to rehearse its elements would" stir a fever in the blood of age," and would make all of us willing to devote our whole time aud strength to social service in any land where women and children live under Moslem conditions.

267

But the social and economic condition is not the vital factor in evangelism. The vital and determining factor in the consideration of the Moslem world situation from a Ohristian point of view is the spiritual factor. Back of the other conditions is the religious factor, both on the side of Christianity and on the side of Islam.

There are grave and age-long chasms that divide Islam, from Islam, such as the Shiah and the Sunni sects, and other divisions almost equally deep, but in the present world situation, there is a' unity in the Moslem world, the 15,000,000 Shiahs, as well as the nearly 195,- 000,000 Sunni Mohammedans, which consists, among both Shiah and Sunni Mohammedans, in age-long antagonism to Ohrist and Ohris- tianity. 11 i The real unity of the Moslem world consists not in geographical proximity, although it might appear so as outlined on a map, for Islam has invaded all continents and crossed the seven seas. Nor is that unity political, in spite of the Caliphate movement in India, and the pan-Islamic movement on the part of the Turks. The Mo- hammedaI). dervish orders (which spread like a network all over the map) may be considered a political danger, but that is not the real and binding unity of the Moslem world. Nor is the unity racial, for all the races are represented.

Neither is it linguistic, although the dominating sacred language, that binds together these Mohammedans, is the speech of the Koran, Arabic. This linguistic unity is at first blush most remarkable.

There is a journal published in Oairo called El Hillal which has a department of questions and anwers. It has agents in Baltimore, in South America and in Malaysia, and in the November number subscribers asked questions on religious and social matters from Alexandria, Jerusalem, Freetown, Sierra Leone; Richmond; J a- maica; Linga, Persia; Oordova in Argentine; Portland, Oregon; and the Transvaal. One letter came from French Guiana, asking in regard to Mohammedan burial customs and modernism. Such a magazine proves the marvelous linguistic unity. Yet that is not the unity of the Moslem world.

Nor is it primarily social, although the social system of Islam is well nigh universally the same in its treatment of the child and womanhood. Nor is it ritual. To the world traveler, the muezzin's call and the minaret, and a half dozen other 'peculiarities like the Moslem's rosary are evideuce of an external unity of ritual.

The real unity of the Moslem world is the blending of all these elements and the vitalizing of them by the dynamic of the spirit of lslam-a spirit of faith, of conviction, of intolerance, if you will, but an intolerance that has many points worthy of admiration.

The unity of Islam is a unity of the spiritual life, based on the conviction that Allah is the supreme and only Deity; that Moham- med is the final revelation of that Deity's will and goal and purpose

THE SITUATION IN THE MOSLEM WORLD

for humanity. In the great Mohammedan mosque, the former Christian Church, of St. Sophia, there hang high two shields-on one of which is written "Allah," and on the other "Mohammed."

Those two names dominate the whole Moslem world, Shiah, as well as Sunni, and this spiritual unity was never so real as it is today. Dr. J. Campbell White has often said that "there are four things that bind men's souls together with bands of steel: A common faith, a common hope, a common task, and a common peril." If you were a Mohammedan, Shiah or Sunni, think how your heart would throb at each of these conceptions and you would feel that there is a real unity in Allah's program for the world under the leadership of Mohammed.

. The second factor in the present situation in Islam is the marvelous accessibility of all Moslem lands and of all classes among Moslems to the messengers of Christ Except Afghanistan, the holy cities of West Arabia, and the present disturbed areas in Turkey and around the Caspian, the whole Moslem world is open to the missionary. Seven-eighths of the Moslem world's population and nearly as much of the Moslem world's area is accessible. We can make no valid excuse for not carrying the Gospel to these Mohammedans. If there ever was any excuse for failing to go to Moslem lands because of closed doors that excuse has been forever abrogated by Western invasion and colonization. All doors are wide open.

In North Africa last summer, I never was compelled to use my passport for I was still on French soil and was able to travel over Morocco, Tunis, and Algeria, giving missionary addresses in cities where there were no missionaries and to audiences that were wholly Mohammedan or with small groups of Christians. There is no hindrance to the messenger of Christ. The same is true of the vast population of 70,000,000 Mohammedans in India and the 45,000,000 in the Dutch East Indies. Yet how large a proportion are still utterly neglected because the missionary societies are unable to cope with the situation.

This wonderful accessibility of the Moslems in Persia has been shown by the testimony of Dr. Speer; has been proved by Dr. Paul W. Harrison who, as a missionary, was able to visit Riadh, the capital of Central Arabia. It is also shown by the experience of Miss Jenny de Mayer, who has gone into the heart of Central Asia, and has proved that even a lonely woman can preach the Gospel of Jesus Christ freely in these unoccupied Moslem lands.

This fact that all these lands are open, is a challenge to the Church of Jesus Christ to occupy them before He come.

In the third place, correspondence from many lands, and my own experience, shows an increasing responsiveness among Mohammedans to the missionary message. The medical missions in Arabia, south and east, have proved this beyond the shadow of a doubt. In

Palestine, the colporteur who followed Allenby's army, and is now carrying on work under Mr. Archibald Forder, is proving that all Syria and Palestine is open to the message of the printed page.

Public meetings held last year in Algiers, Casablanca, Tunis, Alexandria, Cairo and other great centers, proved that one can gather together groups of intelligent Mohammedans anywhere and can tact- fully, lovingly, present the Gospel of Christ without hindrance. At Modjowarno in Java I spoke in a crowded church for an hour on the death of our Lord and its significance as a ransom for sin. Nearly half of the audience were Moslems and the others, converts from Islam. When Sherwood Eddy came to Cairo, we could not find theaters large enough for the crowds that came to hear his message. A converted Mohammedan on the platform read the entire Sermon on the Mount, pronouncing every word distinctly. Dr. Sherwood Eddy spoke on the text, "What shall I do with Jesus who is called the ChrisU" and fearlessly proclaimed Christ as a Saviour from sin. Copies of the Sermon on the Mount were not only read, but were taken home.

The responsiveness of Moslems is one of the remarkable facts in the ,present situation. This is proved also from the output of every press that is printing the Gospel and Christian books for Mo- hammedans. There is today a hunger for the Word of God, prac- tically in every place where it is offered.

In the fourth place, there is an increasing activity and hostility on the part of the Moslem press. -We expect this, because the Bible itself, as Christ, is always "a sign that shall be spoken against." Opposition is a proof of progress. Hatred and persecution are evidence that the Gospel of .resus Christ is winning its way. I have a large number of Mohammedan newspapers, most of them printed in English, that prove the present day hostility in its vicious attack on the character of our Lord Jesus Christ, on the character of Christianity and our missionary efforts.

A Moslem paper published in Chicago is called the Moslem Sunrise, and another called the Moslem Sunshine, is published in Perth, Australia. There is, in the latter, a very bitter article regarding the atonement. The Muslim Review is published at Singapore and at the office of that magazine we saw a complete file. Another, published at Colombo, in two languages, Tamil and English, is the Moslem Message. Another is called El Lewa, published in three languages, Persian, Arabic and German, and is published by Moslems in Berlin. It gives the largest amount of space to news about Central Asia, Islam, Bolshevism. Three are published in France. The leading one is Echo d' Islam, copies of which we saw in Batavia, Java. We ·found a complete file at Solo, Java and an agency at Singapore. In India there is a paper called the Epiphany, published by the Cambridge Mission Band to lead Mohammedans and Hindus to in-

quire regarding Christianity. Now, for the same price and of the same size, the Moslems publish a similar weekly paper called the Light, to lead men to Islam. There is a ceaseless propaganda of the Mohammedan press in the East and the West to combat Christianity.

The fifth outstanding fact is the continued paucity 0/ definite results in conversions from Islam. If you ask what have been the missionary results in regard to those who have changed their allegi- ance and have said, "1 follow not this man but Jesus Christ," then we must answer, in the words of Peter to his Lord, when he said with truthfulness, "Master, we have toiled all the night', and have taken nothing, nevertheless at thy word we will let down the net."

Critics at home have said, "You have caught nothing because your methods are wrong, or because your lives are wrong." They have indicted Raymund Lull and Henry Martyn and Karl Gottlieb Pfander, men of God who poured out their tears and life-blood for these Mohammedans, saying that they were mere controversialists.

But we confess, without fear of contradiction, the faithfulness of the workers in Moslem lands. They have not been slumbering; they have not loitered; they have toiled all night. Dr. John C. Young, for thirty-three years has toiled at Aden and has drawn in an empty net but hope deferred has not made his heart sick. I visited Miss Trotter, who has spent thirty-six years in North Africa, and found her ill. Over her bed hung a map of the North African field with the words of a prayer for these lost sheep-still on the dark moun- tains. She had gathered there a little band but how many have disappointed. At Fez, Morocco, two lonely women are holding out in that great stronghold of Islam, with 147,000 people. One of these women who has been there sixteen years said to me: "We have one living convert. I will take you to see him." .

"We have toiled all the night." Can you point out more faithful missionaries than those who have toiled in Turkey and Arabia and on the borders of Afghanistan ¥ Can you point out greater heroism than that of the thin red line of workers from Teheran to Tangier who have measured their lives on these dead lands, as Elijah meas- ured his body over the dead child1 "But there was neither breath nor life."

They have been faithful, but they also confess in the second place that they have failed. In other fields, when we hear the story of l~rge success in the numbers of converts reported there may be a danger suggested by those words in H"abbakuk, "They sacrifice unto their net and burn incense unto their drag." Missionaries are at times tempted to glorify this or that method, medical work, education, popular evangelism-whatever it may be. All have been tried in Arabia and Egypt and Turkey, but have failed to win any large number of Moslems.

Look at Arabia. After thirty-three years of work, not thirty converts from Islam in the whole peninsula. In all North Africa, including Egypt, where forty thousand Christians have been en- rolled in the Evangelical Church-all Egypt, all Tripoli, all Al- geria, all Tunis and all Morocco together could not muster baptized living converts frcnD Islam to the number of three hundred.

In Java and Sumatra (after long waiting had made my heart sick) how I rejoiced to see a church full of Moslem converts at the prayer-meeting at Modjowarno. We said to these Dutch mission- aries and German missionaries, "I~et us thank God for the wonderful results you have here-45,OOO living converts in Java, Sumatra and the Islands." "N0," they said. "Our work among Mohammedans has been comparat'ively fruitless. Ve have 860,000 converts from heathenism and less than 45,000 from Islam."

Master, we have toiled all night and taken nothing. God wants us to face the facts and not to camouflage them by the statistics of a people won from the Oriental churches. Unless we face the clear issue of carrying the Gospel of Jesus Christ to the Moslems, we are not meeting the missionary situation in the Near East.

But, finally, we say the word with Peter: "Nevertheless at thy word we will let down the net." Weare not hopeless. If the missionaries hold fast to their faith, and will not let hope die, and if their love kindles with a new flame, at every rebuff, and the more they drive the nails of hate in Turkey, we can pray, "Father, forgive them for they know not what they do," then there is going to be daybreak in all Moslem lands. And with the morning light there will be a great draught of fishes to fill our nets.

If the Church of Jesus Christ does not abandon Moslem fields, but occupies new ones, then there is hope in the Moslem world situation. If we confess our faithfulness, and confess our failure as He knows it, and then say, "Nevertheless, at Thy word, we will let down the net." Mark you, it is the same net and the same disciples, the same ship and the same Master-we do not need some different method, or compromise with some other Master to give us the haul of fish! It is going to be the same ship, the Church of Christ. It is going to be the same net of testimony, which was in Moody's hand and Spurgeon's and in every one's hand who has ever caught fish for Christ. But we need to have the old spirit of a dauntless faith to launch out into the deep and cast the net at the word of our Master. Then we will find our methods insufficient, and our organizations inadequate, and the nets will break; and we will beckon to our comrades in the other ships-the Oriental churches, who are also Christ's, and they with us will haul in that great shoal of fish. Christ meant what He said to Peter and to you and to me, "Follow after me, and I will make you fishers of men."

of the Times in

BY REV. JAMES E. NAPP, B.D., SANGLI, INDIA Missionary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions T HE members of the Indian National Congress have been meet- ing in Gaya, a little town in the north of India, made famous to the Hindu because a footprint of the god, Vishnu, is claimed to be still in existence. 'When one compares the coming home of the members two years ago and last year, with this return from the Congress, one cannot help feeling that a wave of disappointment must have passed over the members of the Congress at Gaya. A leading Non-Cooperationist said the other day, "It is all up for us now. The only thing that we can hope for is that our children or grandchildren may live to see the dawn of Swaraj." Instead of the twice or three times a week meetings that were held in almost every place of any size after the former Congress meetings, this year there are none at all and the followers of Gandhi are very reluctant in speaking of Swaraj.

One cause of such a vast change in such a short time is that the leader of the Extremist party is in jail. Mr. Gandhi, who has a mag- netic personality and who in many ways is an ideal leader appealing to many of the better feelings of the Indians, is out of the run and there being no other man who can compare with him, the Congress fizzled out for lack of a leader.

Another reason is the return to India of one of her own sons who has been making a trip through all the British dominions and study- ing the status of countries which are free and yet are under the British flag. His report shows that there is hope for India in the British Empire and that Britain is not such a ravenous monster as many Extremists delighted in showing her. This returned emissary has assumed the leadership of what is known as the Liberal party which favors remaining in the British E;mpire and working the councils here to the best advantage to show England and the whole world that India is ready or will shortly be ready for self-government in the British Empire. This party thinks that India is in the senior year of college and when she gets her degree, as· she soon will, she will be able to run herself.

A third very clear reason is that the Extreniist party has not been able to pass the goods over the counter, the very things they advertised. All of the five great planks in the platform of the party have proven too weak to bear the weight and so there has been a smash. The first plank, that of boycotting the schools and colleges, soon showed itself to be a very flimsy affair. A year and a half ago it seemed that this first proposition might carry but it was a wave of 3 273

enthusiasm that was soon spent. Not only did the government schools not decrease'perceptibly in numbers for any length of time, but there seemed to be an increase of students and enthusiasm. The national schools, established by the Eoctremists, soon petered out for lack of funds and high-class teachers.

The second proposition, that of renouncing all government honors and titles, did not even have the strength enough to be born. Very few gave up "Khans," "Bahadurs," and C. I. E. A few here and there did send back medals and offered an "I thank you" for new ones but most of these now would again like to be known by the high sounding titles. This last New Year's list of honors was a large one, two whole columns in a newspaper full of names, and I have not heard 'of one being refused.

The third proposition was the boycotting of law courts and the establishment of natioIial courts in which all business would be justly settled. This was a complete fizzle. Too few men were found who were willing to give up lucrative practices bringing in thousands of rupees per month for the uncertain emoluments of national courts, which were as yet not established and if established would not be able to carry out its decisions. These national courts have no power to protect human persons and property and people can not renounce the rights pertaining to these and therefore these courts are a dead letter. In many cases it was found that there was bigger graft than ever and India is the land of graft "par excellence."

For a while it seemed as if the fourth principle, the boycott of all foreign goods and especially English goods, would sweep the country, for everywhere one heard and read about the immense amount of foreign cloth that was being burned. There was a terrible waste of money in burning cloth while great sections of humanity, especially here in India, were shivering with cold. Perhaps if these heated Extremists had listened to the cries of hundreds and thousands, yes, millions of India's women and children and had answered their cries by clothing them instead of burning good cloth, a large blessing might have alighted on them. Merchants who had large stocks of foreign cloth on their shelves were loth to part with them at a considerable or total loss and so kept them hidden to see first what would happen. Today the market is flooded with foreign cloth as well as other foreign made articles. Good American cloth is selling here for half the price that is asked for native cloth and it is much more durable. The native spinning wheel and the native loom cannot compete with the machines in the foreign countries that turn out hundreds of bolts while the native loom turns out a yard. Besides, it was the Indian wife and mother upon whom the extra burden fell and they cannot bear any more than they had before. In fact, it is their burden that must be eased before the country can advance; a greater burden must be put on the husbands and fathers of the country, and also the

SIGNS OF THE TIMES IN INDIA

students in the high schools and colleges, who think that going to work in the morning at eleven and stopping at four or five in the afternoon, with whole day's vacation about one-third of the time, is all that the world can demand of men. The world may demand twenty-two hours of every twenty-four of a woman in India but it must not demand more than four or five hours of fiddle diddle work of men. They must be left free to discuss politics. Not until the men in India can come to see that there is no disgrace in work, that there is no disgrace in lightening the load of the overburdened women of the country, will India's future be bright.

The first four principles upon which Indian self-government was to be obtained proved to have been so unsatisfactory in their working out that the fifth principle was dead before it was more than born. Non-payment of taxes and civil disobedience was what was going to cap the climax ane} force Britain to her knees. The order never went out from headquarters except in a very thickly veiled form. Any section of the country that was fully prepared and sure of success might, if it wished, try civil disobedience-breaking the laws and refusing to pay the taxes. One section of the country answered but when the owners of property found their all just simply changing hands and they becoming the poorer while, perhaps, their enemies, were becoming wealthy over night, they soon dropped it. There may have been other places than Guntur that tried civil disobedience but I do not know of any of them.

UNWILLING TO PAY THE PRICE Another reason why this halt has been brought in the march of India to this rapid self-government, is that India was not willing to pay the price. An exceedingly high price was demanded by Gandhi but not a bit too high. He is a prophet in that he sees that India must pay the extreme price before she can lay claim to the right to govern her own people. India as a whole does not know the principle of selfsacrifice and sacrifice was the price demanded. One cannot help but admire this apostle of non-cooperation, Mr. Gandhi. He paid the price in full and with hini a few others-but only so few. The left hand digit of the price was "casting over of the greatest evil the world has ever known-caste.'~ India's millions of Hindus could not quite, or rather could not at all, bring themselves to go this far. Hinduism is founded on caste and as soon as caste is done away with and the Braham and the Sudra can look upon each other as brothers, Hinduism will lose the pillar that holds it up. So intricately is this caste idea woven into India's religions and society that when it is ripped out Hinduism will disappear or, at least, become but a shadow of what it is now and Indian society will have to be remade which will be a blessing to the whole world. India is not willing to pay the

price but until India is willing, India cannot be the democracy that Gandhi or any lover of India wants it to be.

If it had not been for the recent successes of the Turk in Asia Minor and his being able to dare to stand up and face the civilized world with a big stick in his hand, the Gaya Oongress would have been less successful. The Indian Mussulman cannot get over hiphip-hip-hurrahing over Kemal Pasha and feeling now that Britain cannot help but either give Turkey what he wants, even though it be London as a capital of the Turkish Empire, or else lose India as a dependency. He is wielding the big stick with all his might. The Khilafat is what is holding India back from rapid forward strides for the Mussulmen of India, numbering some 70 millions, are not going to lay down for the ploughshare what seems to .them the great instrument that will bring Islam to the front.

The Moslem of India is a Moslem a hundred times before he is an Indian once. And yet the Moslem of India is in a quandary. He cannot quite fathom the meaning of Angora and the separation of Islam and the State. He supports Turkey because Turkey is the protector of Islam but now that Turkey has separated Islam from the political side of the State. Naturally the Moslems all over the world are debating just where their duties lie. Any violent action on the part of Angora may sever the Indian Moslem from Turkey and cause him to adhere to the former Sherif of Mecca or to the Amir of Afghanistan as the champion of Islam. Any great dispute between the Arab and the Turk in the near future may strain the relation between the Turk and the Indian Moslem still more. And should the Arab come out victorious, the Indian Moslem, being more Moslem than a native of any country, will, doubtless, throw Turkey overboard. But here comes in that national question again. If the Arab does resist the Turk he will do so supported by the mighty British arm and this is offensive to Moslems all over the world and especially here in India. They want no Islam that is bolstered up by the power of any Ohristian nation. The more thoughtful of the Indian Hindus are now rather doubtful of the old slogan, "Hindu Moslem Unity." It appears that in the Khilafat branch of the national congress practically all the attention of the members was directed to the Angora problem, neglecting what the Hindu members of the congress considered the main reason for meeting, viz. the fixing of a definite policy for India's Home Rule. The Hindu members feel that the entrance into and the absorption of all time of the Oongress by Ulemas, Moslem theologians, who tried to decide whether standing for election into India's councils was contrary to or in line with Islamic theology, was but a sad prophecy of the meaning of Hindu- Moslem Unity. They are asking, "Is this the price that we have to pay for itT Very little, apparently, was accomplished at this Oongress.

Instead of getting the air cleared so that one might see the path along which to go, the air has been darkened by misunderstanding and selfish aims. As I see it now there are five parties. The Gandhi party, standing for the boycott of and the driving out of the British is the first party. Its motto is "HATE." The party lacks the nobler and finer spirit of Gandhi now.

The second party is the one that split off from the first party at this last congress meeting and I may call it the Das party after its leader C. N. Das, of Bengal. The idea of this party is to enter the country's councils and seize the power of the country in so doing.

The third party is the Khilafat party, formed of Moslems whose sole aim now seems to be to help Turkey and down Britain. They have gained the idea that the whole dispute is between Christianity and Islam to see which one will win.

The fourth party is the Liberal party, headed by a man of wonderfully keen ability and supported by some fine men who want India a part, but a free part, of the British Empire, like Canada and Australia, and who believe that the road to that goal is by the way of cooperation with the British until-it must be in the near future, they say-Britain hands over India to be ruled by Indians.

Then comes the fifth party which seems to have the cream of all the parties-the Christian party. This party also wants freedom, but believes in getting it in the road of progress. This party sees very plainly where India is still weak in education and in industry, and wishes to develop and strengthen these sides to such an extent that the government of India will in reality be a government of the people, by the people, instead of a government of all by a few and those few men who have no care for the great mass of India's teeming millions. One cannot but feel proud that the Christians are thus coming to the fore and with a sane program too. Dr. Datta, the Indian who was appointed to succeed Dr. J. C. R. Ewing, as principal of Forman Christian College but who modestly declines the honor, was the president of this Christian Congress. Another name appearing very frequently in the newspapers as one of the leaders of this Christian Congress was that of a woman, Miss Maya Das.

A MISSIONARY'S EQUIPMENT A life yielded to God and controlled by His Spirit. A restful trust in God for the supply of all needs. A sympathetic spirit and a willingness to take a lowly place. Tact in dealing with men and apaptability toward circumstances. Zeal in service and steadfastness in discouragement. A healthy body and a vigorous mind. Love for communion with God and for the study' of His word. Some experiebce and blessing in the Lord's work at home.

Rev. J. Hudson Taylor.

WHAT A SECRETARY SAW IN THE NEAR EAST By C. V. VICKREY A thousand boys, potential leaders of a New Near East, occupying the Kaiser's Summer Palace at Corfu.

Another 1;400 Armenian hoj·s, driven out of Asia Minor, tem- porarily domiciled in a half-ruined, abandoned warehouse.

Nearly a thousand boys, recently arrived from "Pontus in Asia," sleeping on the floors of the Zappeion Exposition Hall in Athens.

Four hundred girls, now safe from Turkish oppression, occupying the Royal Palace facing Constitution Square in the heart of Athens. . Another 1,300 Armenian girls, salvaged from the orphanages of Constantinople, transplanted to begin life anew in a strange land.

Sixty-seven younger girls, all of them suffering from conjunctivitis, crowded into one room 20×20 feet in size, a cold rain falling outside, with no other place of abode, eating, sleeping, working or playing, night or day.

In another room, scarcely larger, sixty-six infants, most of them under three years of age, some of them dying as a result of the weeks of under-nourishment and hardship endured during their migration in mid-winter from the interior of Asia Minor to Greece.

A part of the 9,000 Armenian orphans who are temporarily occupying summer hotel buildings, but for whom we must provide other shelter before summer.

Three ships in the Piraeus Harbor, crowded beyond capacity with over 10,000 refugees from Anatolia, who could not be disembarked from their long journey and unsanitary environment on account of inadequate quarantine accommodations.

A single ship, that had carried 27,000 refugees from Smyrna to safety, transporting the incredible number of 11,500 on one voyage.

In Constantinople Harbor another ship, decks packed with refugees obliged to flee from their hDmes in Asia Minor, biIt having no place to land except-Greece, war-stricken, impoverished, over-popUlated, the country that can least afford to extend hospitality to foreign refugees.

In one ramshackle building in Constantinople 300 newly made orphans whom Near East Relief workers picked up in the streets and abandoned homes of the one town of Ordu, Asia Minor.

25,000 Armenian orphans are dependent upon American relief for daily food in the Caucasns and another 11,000 orphans in Syria and Palestine, more than 9,000 of whom are Armenians recently driven out from Harpoot, Cresarea, Marash, Konio (Iconium) and other areas.

These Armenian children, grown to manhood and womanhood, will bear the impress of A.merican: benevolence on their lives, with the lessons of forgiveness, love and unselfish service ingrained in their character. These boys and girls are the potential leaders of a New Near East, and will pass on to generations yet unborn the gospel of love, good-will and service which they receive from Christians in America.

What battleships and battalions have failed to accomplish, love and unselfish service will yet achieve in the name of Christ.

THEY COME-A MOUNTAINEERS' CABIN IN" THE CUMBERLAND

Living Memorials to Abraham Lincoln Teaching Independence, Industry a,nd Christian Service at Cumber- land Gap BY GLADYS PARKER WILLIAMSON, CUMBERLAND GAP, TENNESSEE M ANY memorials have been erected to Abraham Lincoln- statues and monuments, but the living memorial where the spirit of Lincoln abides, where he still serves, is the Lincoln Memorial University at Cumberland Gap, Tennessee, where three states join, in ,the heart of the 'rennessee mountains, and readily accessible by railroad.

The purpose of the Lincoln Memorial University is its dedication, once and for all, to the supreme ideal of "worK and study"- "independence and education." Surrounded by a beautiful campus and approached by avenues of magnificent trees, it owns 792 acres of land, much of which is under cultivation and also 2,080 acres of forest on the south side of Cumberland Gap. Beginning twenty-five years ago with less than two hundred students, it now enrolls seven hundred and fifty, with the thousand mark easily in sight.

A friend of the University expressed its purpose thus: To teach the mountain youth the best methods of farming and the mechanic arts; to provide them with normal and academic training, and, as needed, the higher branches; to build a worthy memorial to Abraham Lincoln among the people of his own nativity.

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Every student here feels that here is a university for him; one that breathes the spirit of Abraham Lincoln, stands for what he stood for in character, manhood, high purpose, work and the wil- lingness to work gladly. In proof of this, not only are the greater number of the present students referred by other students, but each and every one is animated by an intense desire to pass on the benefits he or she receives to the people of his or her home spot as soon as possible. '

Light of education and Christian living is also radiating through the hills from this place of learning. Every Sunday students carry the message of service and righteousness to the little crude shacks used as "church houses." Some are Sunday-school teachers, some are student pastors, some are merely co-worshipers at this school where reverence to God and patriotism are stressed even before in- dustrious labor and intellectual development.

Hemmed in by the mountains for hundreds of years the people of the hills have lived in primitive isolation, untouched by the in- sidious propaganda of the various modern sects and "isms." Deep in the hearts of these untaught mountaineers, however, is the inherent love of God and the Bible. Few homes, however bare, are without a family Bible and while they may be uneducated they are at least virgin and fertile soil, save those who have unfortunately come in touch with the traveling "holy-roller" preachers who are fast learn- ing the extent to which they can profit by the ignorance and super· stition of these people.

Interesting and unique is the philo~ophy one discovers by talk- ing with some of the patriarchs of the hills. Many believe that by knowing nothing they sin in nothing and this belief led one man to remark that he thanked the Lord he and his family were ignorant; he wished they were "ten times ignoranter" than they were. .Another insisted that the Bible was "agin" teaching "round" geography.

The earth was flat as plainly stated, he declared, in the first verse of the seventh chapter of Revelation-"I saw four angels standing on the four corners of the earth," and how could anything with four corners be round?

Spiritualism has not invaded the hidden coves and valleys yet, unless one could interpret the belief in "hants" as such. One little boy, when asked to tell the difference between a ghost and a "hant,"

replied that" ghosts air purely imaginary but a hant you air likely to meet up with anytime. I.'

In many communities in these mountains there has never been an organized Sunday-school. Not long ago one of the students from Lincoln Memorial University returned to his home eager to pass on.

some of the good things he had gained. When he suggested the organization of a Sunday-school his father declared that the people of the neighborhood would not stand for any such "new-fangled"

LIVING MEMORIALS TO ABRAHAM LINCOLN

notions. The boy explained that Sunday-school was merely a place to study the Bible and finally convinced his father that it would be a good thing, convinced him to the extent that the old man gave him money to buy literature and hymn books. The announcement went out that this strange affair would be held in the schoolhouse the following Sunday and the crowds came through curiosity. The next Sunday came back and when the boy went away to war a leader was found to take his place. When hE' returned he was overjoyed to find the little organization flourishing. Turbulent episodes sometimes accompany the birth of these little churches and Sunday-schools. One woman told an officer of A BOYS' DORMITORY AT LINCOLN MEMORIAL UNIVERSITY the University not long ago that she "never had no peace 0' mind while Bill and the boys was at meetin' on account 0' the shootin' scraps they'd git into." The story is told that one old man who had been convinced that a church would be a good thing told his son to go ahead and start it and if anybody tried to raise a disturbance he'd take his gun and see that they quit it.

A journey of a few days through these hills and a glimpse into some of the cabin homes out of which come the students of Lincoln Memorial University would convince anyone that here is a field ripe unto the harvest. Crude quarters where there is ignorance of the laws of sanitation and ventilation, one-room dwellings where families of ten or twelve cook, eat and sleep demonstrate the need of the knowledge that cleanliness is next to godliness, as well as that to make bodies fit temples for his Spirit there must be the proper development of mind, body and soul.

Yet in spite of all their unfavorable aspects the sight of the big family Bible is a familiar one in these homes. In one cabin last summer I found a lurid representation of Noah's Ark, a chart about a yard square occupying the place of honor on the log walls and the mother pointing to it proudly told me she had had it "nigh on to twenty year" and added with a sigh of satisfaction, "I've jes' raised my family on that pitcher."

Happily, the principle of service has found its way into the minds of the boys and girls who come to I-,incoln Memorial University. "I was born in a renter's family in a mud-dauby hut not far from the Holston river," one of the students wrote me. "When I was nine years old we moved fifty miles farther west to Claiborne county, two miles west of Tazewell. Here I 'went to Sunday-school for the first time. Although my folks were religious we had lived at a distance from the church house and I had not gone very much. When I was eleven I won a Bible for attending every Sunday in a year a Sunday-school two miles and a half from where I lived."

When the students are asked as to their plans for the future the answer is almost iuvariably that they will follow some line of service to others. Some of them are getting their preliminary education at Lincoln Memorial University preparatory to taking regular theological training later, one of them having already heard the call to the far-away mission field of Africa. Bome are I:lt presl;lnt acting as student pastors, many are teaching in Sunday-schools in near-by communities, and practically all of those who have graduated are taking active parts in the churches of their home communities;- One boy interprets Christian service in the form of agricultur~ and says he is going to teach people how to produce better,,; atld cheaper crops and how to make home happier and more ath.i£i.vel. One feels he will find a place for service as a newspaper man, some as teachers, others as business men. Invariably they state in different words the same thought, "I want others to know what I have learned."

While agricultural training, forestry, and engineering appeal most specifically to the men of the region, the college is co-educational. Women are admitted on equal terms to all academic courses, and under the direction of the "Vomen's Advisory Board, special courses in domestic science and hygiene, in industrial crafts and household arts have been inaugurated. With a student enrollment of some seven hundred and fifty the greater per cent of whom are working to pay a part or the whole of their tuition, Lincoln Memorial University is helping to break the shackles of ignorance and isolation which so long have fettered the boys and girls of this great region. The arms of its service extend into many neglected regions; the demands upon it are great; its facilities are all too few.

SHELTERED IN A TOWER OF THE ANCIENT BYZANTINE CITY

OF CONSTANTINOPLE Searching for Facts in Constantinople The Pathfinder S1~r'()ey and its 1I1eaning'"

BY REV. CHARLES T. RIGGS, CONSTANTINOPLE I T IS a difficult task to make a survey of a cosmopolitan city in which there are many varied elements of population and where no census has ever been taken. The city is thought to contain about 1,200,000 inhabitants, of whom about 560,000 are Turks, 384,000 Greeks, 118,000 Armenians, 50,000 to 120,000 Jews, and the rest include large numbers of Kourds, Arabs, Persians, and Russians. The predominance of Greek influence is traced from the founding of Byzantium to 1453, despite Latin domination under the Emperors from Constantine to Justinian and again after the disastrous Fourth Crusade. The Greeks have contributed to the city wealth, learning, the study of law, the development of art, and in later times, the impetus to philanthropy. The Armenians, who in the earlier days contributed three Emperors, became under the Turkish dominatio!l the bankers, printers and goldsmiths of the city, and were for a long time in charge of the Imperial Mint. The Turkish conquest in 1453 • The idea of the Social Survey of Constantinople was first developed by the late James Perry, a Y. M. C. A. Secretary who was soon afterwards killed by brigands In Cilicia. It took shape in the organizing of a Council of Fifteen, representing the American Mission, the American Chamber of Commerce, the Y. J'v[. C. A., the Y. W. C. A., the two American Colleges, the Near East Relief, and the American Red CrOSB. Heading up the actual work was Prot. Clarence R..Johnson, of Robert College, trained at Brown University as a social expert, who bas been the Director. The scope of the Survey being lim.ited by financial necessity, it was decided to call the resulting book, «The Pathfinder Survey of Constantinople," published by the Macmillan Company, New York, at $5.00 net. The illu,stratinns tn this article are used by courtesy of the MacmilJan Co.

"The PathfinderC3urvcy" Inc1udes ten sections, prepared by committees under the guidance ~!g¥:[fu~~ ~~l ofb:~it:~i~~S,Sfu~~: :eH~~l~ ~~dt~!gIigu:j~e:.e w~e~ ~¥~~~C~p fJ: 1:~: o!i~~e~~~: funds. These ten are entltled :-Hlstorlcal Setting. Adult Dellnquenoy, Orphanages, CIty Admln- Istratlon, Retugees, Irdustry, Widowhood, Community Organlzat<>D, Education and Recreation.

283

brought in an empire which flourished by the official business of conquest, and waned when that declined. The Spanish-speaking Jews, driven from Spain in the times of the Inquisition shortly after the Turkish conquest, came hither for refuge under Moslem rule from their Ohristian persecutors, and their contribution to the life of the city has been along commercial lines.

With an estimated school population of 180,000, Oonstantinople has only about 600 schools, and only half of these are housed in buildings built for school purposes. Less than half the children who should be in school are there, and all nationalities are about equally at fault. The government system of public schools is inadequate, but the parochial or community system is not much better. The buildings are poorly ventilated and unsanitary, mostly of wood and none of thorn fireproof. Nearly all are poorly designed, and none of the schools possess what would pass for libraries. Still, in many schools, including the Imperial University, surprisingly good work is being done. In contrast with the native schools, a number of French and Italian schools, some English, two American colleges, and three high schools, serve as a model to the other institutions. The need is clearly shown for normal preparation for teachers, and of adequte salaries to secure better teachers. In the Turkish schools they are often months behind on their salary; and strikes of teachers have occured to secure the pittance due them.

A study of four hundred homes, one hundred in each of the leading nationalities, where widows are struggling with the problem of bringing up the children, revealed conditions fortunately rarely equaled in any American city. On the average each family has one room, with from two to ten persons in it. Of the Turkish widows many live in mosques or school buildings or old soup-kitchens. These dependents (for many of them are unable to earn their own support), have no municipal care, can rarely secure meat, eggs, fresh milk or fruit but live mostly on bread, onions, olives, fish and potatoes. They have no recreations, no books, toys or games. Over half the mothers were found to be illiterate, and more than half of them needed medical treatment, as did a large proportion of the children. The average mother could earn only $4.14 per month for the support of herself and an average of three children. The Near East Relief is doing much to secure for them better living conditions. Under-feeding and overcrowding, unsanitary lives and harsh treatment are the chief troubles to be reckoned with.

Industrial conditions were investigated under difficulties, for many of the proprietors of establishments refused to give information and probably have something to conceal. The industries of the city do not include any large establishments, for ther~ are only three factories that have over 100 workmen each, and the two largest stores employ only 250 and 140 respectively. Wages in factories average

SEARCItING FOR FAcTS IN CONSTANTINOPLE

.!.!.I POLICE STA'l'lONS ~ ~D 1. EmlnEunu A. Old Central ll. Bt.Sophia B. NewCentral 8.0uriKapan C. Pera 4. Fan…. ~ D. ScutaEi 6. Kara Gewnriik 6. Fatih ALLIED POLICE 0 7. Bayazid E. Hotel Kroecker So AkSeral F. Arabian Ban 9. Koum Kapou G. Stambou1 Station 10. Psamatia RltD LrGHlr DISTRICTS:: 11. Shehi. Emlnl H.Zlbsh l2. Eyoub I. Abanos J. Galata IS. Makrlkeuy K. Scutari L. Kadikeuy 14. Galata 16. P ..a 16. Ta:xIm 17. Kasim Pasha 18. Dolab D..<! 19. Panga!t1 20. Hasl<euy 21. Besblktasb 22. Amaoutkeuy 28. B~kdere 24. De,,1z 26. Seutari 26. Iskele 27. Kadikeuy 28. Chinili 29. Kizil Toprak 30. Erenkeuy 81. BeikDz 82. Adalar A 0F MARMORA AN ADULT DELINQUENCY MAP OF CONSTANTINOPLE about $24 to $40 per month for men, depending on skill, and about half that for women, the minimum discovered being $8 per month. In stores, wages are $50 to $60 for men and $20 to $25 for women, and the cost of living for persons in ordinary circumstances in Constantinople is not very different from what it is in New York City today. City bakeries employ about 3,500 men. Unfortunately the sanitary conditions were found to be bad, the morals of the men are still worse, while they work in crowded quarters and without machinery of any sort.

Children in industry include 2,500 boys under fifteen, averaging eleven years. They work from nine to eleven hours per day in the shoemaking trade and make wages of from 40 cents to $2 per week. About 800 children averaging thirteen years, work in the gannent

trade, with a ten-hour day, and 500 more are in the few factories; Of 170 in a tobacco factory, averaging ten years, more than half were found to be physically subnormal. The employers usually think of the children simply in terms of what they net them, with never a thought for the child. There are many many others in what are classed as street trades, including beggars, peddlers, carriers or porters i and these are of all nationalities, Turks and Jews predominating. The vast majority of these were found never to have been to school at all. Many of them earn a surprisingly large sum per day, and some of the beggars support two or three other members of their families.

TURKISH CHILDREN GOING HOME FROM SCHOOL IN CONSTANTINOPLE The Study of Community Organization deals with the churches, mosques, synagogues, Christian Associations, Sailors' Club, University Club, Union FranQaise, Club de Constantinople, and Masonic lodges, as well as athletic and social and literary clubs which are always under some national organization. The mosques are supported by the Ministry of Evkaf, which administers properties deeded to such pious purposes. There are fifty-two, or more, Catholic churches under French orders, also twenty-four orphanages arid two hospitals. The Survey discovered two Persian mosques, three Bulgarian churches, two Russian churches and a Russian monastery.

There are now being cared for in the orphanages of Constantinople, some ten thousand little ones, of whom about 4,000 are Armenians, 2,800 Turks, 1,500 Greeks, 700 Jews, and 280 Russians. The largest orphanage is one for Armenian boys, with a thousand happy youngsters learning to be self-supporting. Seven of the eight

SEARCHING FOR FACTS IN CONSTANTINOPLE

Turkish orphanages are supported by the Government j but their resources are diminishing and consequently the diet is deteriorating, the salaries of workers are long unpaid, and their future is uncertain. Two of the four Greek orphanages are on islands near the city, where they have the best of air. At least three institutions are wholly for orphans with the dread eye disease known as trachoma; and as fast as cured, they are put elsewhere. Not enough attention is being given to the industrial side of education, looking to self-support. The Near East Relief is giving much assistance and direction to these orphanages of all nationalities j and the Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A. have done much to introduce recreation, in Boy Scout Troops, and 'rURKISH BOY SCOUTS CROSSING THE GALATA BRIDGE, CONSTANTINOPLE organized games. So far, the Jewish orphanages have not recognized adequately the need of this department; but in eight girls' orphanages and five boys, of other nationalities, compulsory physical work has been introduced.

The Study of Adult Delinquency describes the Turkish courts, criminal, civil, commercial and religious; also the foreign consular courts, and the mixed court system in vogue before the war, where foreign judges sat with Turkish in cases where a foreigner was involved as plaintiff or defendant. The Turkish police system employs 3,470 men and the city is divided into three main sections with 32 central police stations. The Turkish police are gradually being given a special school training. The Interallied Police, with its men, is functioning side by side with this system, helping to keep order and spurring up the Turkish police to better work. Turkish prisons, into all of which the investigators were allowed to go, are described. The

old Central Prison in Stamboul, occupying buildings some of which are 600 years old, is a sad place; most of the rooms are dark, unsanitary, and overcrowded; but the worst features are the indiscriminate herding together of hardened criminals and newcomers, with no attempt to check the teaching of crime by the adepts to others who may in some cases be utterly innocent. There is also lack of any employment, the vast majority of the prisoners being idle all day long. There is an attempt to separate the boys of seventeen and younger from the men; but among these young boys, the vicious are perfectly free to contaminate the less initiated, till the prison becomes a hotbed of crime. The prisoners have no reading matter, are not properly clothed, and almost nothing is done for their moral welfare. The newly-built prison near the mosque of St. Sophia is somewhat better in its arrangements, but here too, there is not isolation enough nor employment.

There are said to be 2,171 licensed prostitutes in Constantinople, but the Government acknowledges the presence of 4,000 to 4,500 at least of these unfortunate parasites. Regular inspection by the city authorities, and a special hospital for such as are found suffering from venereal diseases, are ineffective in combating the baneful results of licensed vice. All races in the city are affected by it, but the medical statistics indicate a greater number of Moslems than of either Christians or Jews recruited in the sad business. One quick result of the Survey has been the institution of measures to rescue girls of under eighteen who are found to have been dragged into this life.

Refugees in the city number approximately one hundred thousand, despite the fact that very many thousands have been sent on to other countries. This horde of Russians, Armenians, Turks, Greeks, and a dozen other nationalities-the flotsam and jetsam of prolonged and still continuing war-is being cared for by over a score of benevolent organizations, six or seven of them American, which are trying to put into permanent employment all they can.

Before the Turks returned to take possession of the city, there was organized a Civic Welfare League, on whose Executive Council are members of every important nationality in the city. This body undertook to better conditions of life by cooperating with the city government in enforcing existing laws, as well as by introducing improved regulations when called for. It succeeded in putting into actual operation ordinances regulating traffic on the crowded streets, preventing profiteering on foodstuffs, securing two official inspectors for the protection of animals, and other benefits. It tackled the difficult problem of the wayward girl and how to reclaim her, as well as how to stay the spread of licentiousness. What changes will take place with the return of the Turks to Europe, none can foresee and it is impossible to foretell how much opportunity will be given to correct the many evils disclosed by the Survey.

Forces in

BY REV. RAYMOND N. CRAWFORD, RANGOON Judson College, Rangoon, Burma.

T WO great religious teachers are saying farewell to their fol- lowers. One is seated out of doors, his yellow-robed monks gathered about him in the shade of a tree; the other is in an upper room, his disciples reclining beside him at the table. Each master knows that the last meal has been eaten and that thd end has come. Yet each master, according to the records, is calm and poised, able to give a memorable parting word. Each group of disciples, however, is distressed; each anxiously asking the same question: "Master, when you are gone, who can show us the way to salvation ~"

The Buddha who has taught that there is no god, nat or man who can help a person to salvation, replies: "Be lamps to yourselves, be a refuge unto yourselves. Betake yourselves to no external refuge …

I…ook not for refuge to anyone besides yourselves. ,,* The Christ answers: "1 will pray the Father and He shall give you another Comforter that he may be with you for ever."

And yet some people say that each nation's own religion is the best for the people of that nation.

This has not been true for the Burmans. Such a fatherless religion, taught to animists, has not proved strong enough to destroy belief in demons. The greatest shrine of Southern Buddhism, the Shway Dagon Pagoda itself, is crowded with images and symbols of demon nats. The human soul is too conscious of its weakness, too hungry for God, to deny the existence of all supernatural powers. Again, a religion which teaches that there is no helper, that each individual must work out his own salvation without aid from Buddha, god, nat or man, is so anti-social that it brings out all the selfish, individualistic tendencies inherent in humanity. Therefore Buddhism is one of the main causes of the predicament in which the Bunnans find themselves today. In business dealings, there is so little faith and honesty, there is so much snspicion and mutual distrust among the Burmans, that they have been unable to form any number of companies or joint enterprises to take advantage of changing economic conditions. As a result, they are losing the trade and the very land. During the last thirty years, Eastern aliens-non-Christians it is true, but non-Christians with gods or something of social spirit in their religions-have made inroads that threaten the total submergence of the Burmans. Religion or lack of religion influences all a man or nation does. For the Burman, little as he comprehends the fact, it is change of religion, Christianity or extinction.

Burma is centrally placed and rich in resources. To the east, • T. W. Rhys DavIda Lectures on the Oriu>n and Growth of RoHuw».

4 289

accessible by caravan over the mountains or by steamers around the south, lies Ohina with its virile population. To the west, easily accessible by sea, lies India proper, crowded, poverty-stricken, starving. Between, is Burma, never visited by wide-spread drought; exporter of eighty per cent of the rice taken from all India j rich in oil, silver, lead and teak; outlet for jade; source of practically all the world's rubies. As the wealth of America attracts the poverty of Europe, so the riches of Burma attract China and India. Already Mandalay, hundreds of miles from the sea, has a large Indian population and Rangoon is more Ohinese and Indian than Burman.

When Adoniram Judson, America's first foreign missionary, landed at Moulmein in 1813, conditions were far simpler. On the great central plains lived the dominant Bmmans. In the surrounding mountains. and to a limited extent on the plains as slaves of the Burmans, were the hill peoples: Karens, Ohins, Kachins, Shans and many more. Though divided by languages so numerous that there was room for the recent humorous request of a hill missionary for an adding machine that he might compute the dialects of his district, racially all were Mongolian. Religiously the hill peoples were animists; the Burmans, in profession, Buddhists: at heart, largely animists.

Missionary work was started for the Burmans first, but they had enough of Buddhism to be unresponsive. Soon, however, there opened from an unexpected direction, a work of great promise. The animist Karens had a tradition that they once had a "white book" given them by God; that through neglect to read and care for it, they had lost it and that it was to be restored to them by a "white foreigner who was to come from the west with white wings." Soon whole villages were asking baptism from the Ohristian missionaries.

Now came the complexity of true missionary work. An orally communicated Gospel would not be accurate or permanent, and the Karens had no written language. Therefore their word sounds lJ.ad to be studied and an alphabet adapted for them j a dictionary hHd to be compiled; Scripture portions, hymns and tracts had to be trDnslated; a press had to be imported, type cast, and printing begun, schools had to be created and reading taught. But there was a far more subtle and difficult task: people who had been slaves or who had lived utterly cut off in the hills, must be raised to the level of Chl'i~­ tian manhood. New social ideals and standards must be evolved u:ld stabilized. The missionary must be God's agent in the fulfillment of Christ's promise that if men seek first His Kingdom, all things shall be added.

Many things have been added, as one can see at his first glance into the Sgaw Karen Compound in Bassein. Modern brick high school buildings-chapel, recitation halls, dormitories, dining roomall electrically lighted, are the outward signs of the coming of a life

1923J RELIGIOUS FORCES IN BURMA

more abundant. The plant is not the property of a mission; it belongs to the Karens themselves, who are following their ancient proverb that men should not breathe through other people's noses. In the jungle of the district are one hundred and fifty schools, one hundred and forty-nine of them entirely independent of foreign aid. The central and more expensive high school is supported by contributions from Karen churches and by the profits of two rice mills, a saw mill and a shipyard for repairing and building launches and paddy boats. These enterprises are managed by a board of Karen trustees.

The educational work has been thoroughly evangelistic. Judson college statistics show that there has never come from a mission high school to the mission college an unconverted Karen boy or girl. One year, I was invited to take the annual Christmas vacation evangelistic trip of this Bassein school. The missionary, his wife, six or eight Karen teachers and thirty or forty of the maturer schoolboys made up the party which started in launches constructed in the school shipyard. We sailed through the Irrawaddi Delta to an unconverted village, landed and found an open space jnst outside the town and between a Buddhist monastery and a pagoda. Here the lads of the school band struck up a hymn, and before they finished playing most of the monks and villagers had turned out to see and hear something new. We sang, one of the teachers preached, two of the boys spoke. The backward villagers were surprised to see and hear educated men and boys of their own tribe, with strange instruments, books and other paraphernalia of civilization. The missionary explained that Christianity makes new men, and answered questions about it. Then we sailed to another village and another, until, as darkness came we reached a Christian town where we held a final service in the church and put up for the night. The next day, and the next, it was the same, and so until the end of the vacation. Thus lay evangelism was practiced and taught. Today it is constantly carried on by Karens of all walks of life.

The Baptist Mission, which i~ the oldest and largest of those operating in Burma, has work for the following indigenous peoples: the Burmans, the Karens (the Sgaw, Pwo, Bwe, Paku, Taungthu, Red, and other tribes) the Talaings, Shans, Chins, Kachins and Lahus whose mass movement towards Christianity is being almost neglected for lack of missionaries. There is increasing work for the immigrants: . for the Chinese whn are most responsive, and for the Indians-Bengalis, Tamils, Telugus, Kanarese, Punjabis, Gurkhas, Madrassis and only the census knows how many more. Besides, there are special schools and churches for the Anglo-Indians.

The lines of work are as numerous as the races. Among the institutions founded by missionaries of various denominations, are hospitals and dispensaries, an orphan asylum, a leper asylum, a

school for the blind, two mission presses, an industrial school, an agricultural school, around a thousand secondary and jungle schools, fifteen or more high schools, a mission college, at least three schools for training Bible women, and three theological seminaries.

Anyone of these types of work is worth an extended description. The superintendent of the Baptist Mission Press has adapted the linotype for the Burmese language, which requires many hundred separate characters; the Judson Oollege students support a graduate as a native missionary to the Inthas; the seminaries have men helping wherever there is a foreign missionary and in places far beyond. But the tale cannot be told now. Nor can the organization of the churches into associations and conventions with their city mission and foreign mission work be more than hinted at. Statistics tell of between a thousand and fifteen hundred churches, of three thousand five hundred to four thousand native workers, until, when one sees how foundations have been laid in so many directions, one is inclined to ask how soon the missionaries may be withdrawn. But the missionary, who knows the country, thinks of classes as yet untouched, of huge areas still unattempted, of mission compounds, once the center of little groups of converts, but now closed, of good missionary houses with the windows and doors boarded up, sectio;ns with no physicians to care for Ohristian converts, hospitals unused.

One night in Myingyan I saw a picture of the Burmese situation. All day I had been visiting in a large mission high school. It was in full session, as if no terror were abroad. I attended the chapel where every seat was occupied; I spoke in the crowded classrooms. After school, I played tennis with teachers and students. All was life and health. Just after night had fallen, in an ox cart I started for the Irrawaddi River to catch a steamer. We left the compound where the lights were burning brightly in the missionary home and in the study rooms, and immediately entered a city of darkness and death. There were houses by thousands, crowding close up to the mission compound fence, but not a house had a light. No mother's evening lullaby could be heard; no laughter. Nat a soul was walking the streets. The black smallpox had come. The people, not protected by vaccination, had died in hundreds, and then the others had fled. In flood, the Irrawaddi is miles wide; now at low water, it was a mile and a half away over the sands of its desert-dry bed. Through the sand radiating the tropic heat it had absorbed during the day, the cart plowed on until. we came upon the people along the edge of the river, shrinking as far from the infected city as possible, living in booths and bamboo shacks, but resisting vaccination still.

That is Burma: a few like the school children, saved, organized and at work; the many, like the tens of thousands of Myingyan, still needing help, and ignorant of or neglecting the Great Physician.

Rangoon Press and Its Superintendent

BY C. STARR BARKER M R. F. D. PHINNEY, for forty-one years Superintendent of the American Baptist Mission Press in Burma, and thirty- eight years rrreasurer of the Burma Mission, died in Ran- goon on December 15, 1922. He was one of the best known mission- aries in Bunna. His organizing and administrative ability was acknowledged by Government officials and others in Rangoon. The Trades Association, in 1907, made him their representative on the Board of Commissioners for the Port of Rangoon. The Mission Press, employing three hundred workers speaking fifteen different languages, has maintained a place of leadership among the business enterprises of Rangoon through more than half a century, and since 1882, when Mr. Phinney took charge, it has been not only self- supporting but in many ways has been a source of revenue for the mission.

In one year alone the Mission Press printed 80,000 New Testa- ment portions in Burmese, 2,725 whole Bibles in Sgaw Karen in F. D. PIDNNEY IN OCTOBER. 191B three editions, 2,000 Pwo Karen New Testaments, 10,000 gospels in Shan, and 20,000 Old Testament portions in Talain. Twenty-two thousand International Sunday School lesson helps in three languages are issued every month.

Mr. Phinney was born in HornellsviIle, now Hornell, New Yark, on December 7, 1857, and was educated in the public schools of Rochester, and was graduated from Rochester University in 1878.

For three years following graduation he carried on a printing busi- ness, and was then offered the position of Superintendent of the Mission Press in Rangoon. It was not easy for him to sever his connections in America, where he was just becoming established in a promising business, to go half way around the world to an untried position where the possibilities of success or failure were uncertain.

The missionary idea, however, was not novel to Mr. Phinney and he decided to accept. Mr. Phinney's all round mechanical ability, which had been encouraged and especially trained by his father, combined 293 •

with a liberal education contributed toward guaranteeing him success in the new enterprise. After some days his decision was reached and after a month spent in and near Boston in special study of the methods employed in some of the larger printing houses, Mr. Phinney sailed for Rangoon January 28, 1882.

In the instaUation of new vernacular typesetting machines and other modern equipment invented by Mr. Phinney, the Press today leads all other printing establishments in India, for none other has so far adopted any modern composing machines for the setting of THE PRI!lSS ROOM OF THI!l RANGOON MISSION PRI!lSS, BURMA vernacular type used in any of the langllages of India. Under Mr. Phinney's skillful administration and through his enthusiasm for the work, a new building, considered one of the most modern in the city, was erected for the Press in 1905. This building was one of the first in Rangoon to install plate glass windows. The linotypes used by the Press for vernacular work were especially designed by Mr. Phinney, who also invented the first Burmese typewriter. The latter work is considered a remarkable achievement inasmuch as the Burmese language has seven hundred distinct characters. By an ingenious device Mr. Phinney reproduced all of these characters on the Remington typewriter, which has only forty-two keys. This invention received a very cordial reception by the Government.

BY MRS. E. C. CRONK, 844 DREXEL BUILDING

POSSIBILITIES OF PICTURES IN THE MISSIONARY PROGRAM "Please let me see it," begged a group of children as a picture was held up.

Their plea voiced the inner thought of everyone to whom the statement of the missionary situation is made. Whether your picture is painted with words, or with pencil and brush, or by a printing press, you must use pictures if you would be convincing. Robert Moffat persuaded David Livingstone with a picture when he said, "There is a vast plain to the north where I have, sometimes seen in the morning sun, the smoke of a thousand villages where no missionaries have ever been."

Alexander Duff said that his first interest in missions was due to pictures which his father used to show him on Sunday afternoons when he was only four years old.

Any wide-awake advertising company would pay fabulous prices for the wall space of Sunday-school rooms and the privilege of a weekly bulletin in church vestibules or class-rooms. It yet remains for any church to develop an adequate missionary picture program.

AROUSING THE IMAGINATION OF ing any real concepti.on or mental THE OHUROH image in the consciousness. We need By HARRY S. MYERS less thinking in words and more think- ing in terms of the ideas and concep- "Facts are the fuel for missionary tions that are back of the words, of :fires." That has long been a slogan which the words are but the symbols.

in missionary education, but it is far We need to do more visual thinking.

from being adequate. More than a Right here is the difference between few :fires have been put out by piling the returned missionary and the on too much fuel, whether coal or average church member in America.

wood! The Church needs something The missionary thinks visually of the more than mere facts. Unless there peoples and conditions of mission is a deep stirring of the heart, such lands. Heathenism is a reality, not a as can come only from love of God word. The power of the Gospel to and love for humanity, the massing transform lives is vitally real to him.

of facts, the piling up of statistics and He has seen it. He not only knows the invoking of the survey method it, but realizes it. The case is far dif- may defeat our purpose. ferent with the non-traveled member What we need is something that of the church at home. He knows will vitalize the facts, make them real, rather than realizes conditions. He make them enter into the very con- thinks mainly in words, not visually.

sciousness of the Church and so stir Coue haR been insisting that where the Church to action. It is quite pos- imagination and will are in conflict, sible to multiply words without arous- the imagination always wins out. It 295

is not difficult to support his thesis MISSIONARY PICTURES AND HOW from the standpoint of experiences TO USE THEM in the raising of missionary money. By Alice O. Bryant $1,500.00 will buy a fair sort of a car and allow something over for gas First catch your pictures. This and tires during the year. The men- really, is not at all hard. The large; tal picture of the pleasure and profit denominational boards make very to a man's family is usually far . generous use of pictures either in clearer than the picture of what that magazines or in leaflets of one sort or money might accomplish for the king- another. A very large assortment is dom of God and humanity if invested issued by the Missionary Education in a missionary in Africa or Mexico! Movement, as follows: Change the amount of money in- PICTURE SHEET SERIES volved, and think of a new suit of clothes, a fine set of books, some new There are twenty-two sets of Pic- furniture-the principle remains the tUre Sheets." 'rhese consist of twelve, and in some cases sixteen, p~es of same.

Possibly we ought to go a step fur- excellent half-tones, the majority ther and emphasize not so much the measuring five by seven inches. Five triumph of the imagination over the sets are distinctly home missionary in will, when the two happen to corne theme, others picture phases of child into conflict, as the triumph of the life in India, China, Japan, and other stronger of two mental pictures. countries, and still others have as their Whether a young man will be thrifty theme such interests as " How We and save money or not depends on the .A.re Fed, ') "How WeAre Sheltered,"

relative strength of two pictures in etc.

his mind: financial independence on These pictures may be used for note- the one hand and the immediate satis- book or poster work, or the resourceful faction that may come from spending mission class leader may use them in freely and foolishly now. Whether or such ways as these: not a church member will give system- (1) Take two sheets representative atically and generously for all mis- of different countries; for example, sionary causes will depend on the "America at Home" and "Chinese relative strength of the mental picture Boys and Girls." Paste each pic- into which loyalty to Christ, the in- ture on a piece of card-board or stiff adequacy of the non-Christian reli- paper. Cut as for a picture puzzle gions and the all-sufficiency of Christ and in an envelope, put one from each enter on the one hand, and the sheet. Give each child, or two chil- picture of personal selfish enjoyment dren working together, an envelope to be secured through the spending of with instructions to put together the the same money on one's self on the two pictures.

other. (2) In an envelope place two pic- A very important part of our prob- tures–one of one country and one of lem of missionary education is the another. In the same envelope place formation of clear strong mental pic- two little poems or anecdotes about tures of the significance and value of the countries represented by the pic- the missionary program. We must tures. ('l'hese may be found in Mis- stimulate the imagination of the whole sionwry Program Materia~*). Give an Church. We must help the Church to envelope to each child asking him to think visually of its great kingdom- attach the poem or anecdote to the task. And we cannot do this without picture it may illustrate.

the aid of pictures, good pictures, (3) Cut captions from two pictures.

lots of pictures, pictures aH the time. Put both pictures and captions in an When the Church sees, it will feel; envelope, and ask the child to eom- and when it feels, it will give. Use bine them correctly. This idea may Pictures. also be used by having a number of

BEST METHODS

MISSION SCHOOL GIRLS IN CONSTANTINE, NORTH AFRICA (Before and After Posing) A PICTURE STORY OF MOSLEM WOMANHOOD WITHOUT CH&IST, CONSTANTINE, Al'RIOA A Mission Board Seeretary visiting the mission stations of the world came to one of the homes for girls in Constantine, Africa. His ever-ready camera B(lapped five of the girls in eharmingly natural poses.

When the principal found the Secretary from America was there she carefully arranged the girls to have their pictures taken. This is the result of the injunction that has ruined 50 many pictures, "Now look your best."

these on a table and allowing the boys (3) The pictures may be separated and girls free play in combining them. and displayed on a table. The leader PRIMARY PICTURE STORIES may then read a caption and the chil- dren discover the picture that fits the Each set of Primary Picture Stories caption.

consists Df six pictures (9×13 inches) and a pamphlet containing six short WHAT DOES IT SAY?

stories suitable for telling, accom- Of course there are pictures that panied by six illustrative pictures, are perfectly dumb. The most vivid nine by thirteen inches. These may imagination could not hear them be used in either of the following speak a word. Would that mission- ways: (1) A picture may be placed aries would learn to send back from where the children can see it, and the the field pictures that talk rather than story illustrating it may be read or what one missionary caBs, "sit-me- told; or (2) all six pictures may be down-groups," with an American or placed where the children can see so plugged into the c.entre, which them (with labels covered) then one mean little to the general public how- of the stmies read or told and the ever gratifying they may be to all the children judge which picture fits the missionary's second cousins.

story. There are some splendid speaking WORLD FRIENDSHIP STAMPb pictures on the various picture sheets, for a missionary social or as a feature There is a fascinating book of fifty- of some meeting. Cut out some of three stamps* (2x21h inches) printed these and paste them on separate in lovely colors which may be used in sheets of cardboard. Number con- much the same way as the Picture secutively. Give to each guest a slip Sheets. They uan also be pasted on of paper with corresponding numbers.

postcards and sent on home mission Ask Mch one to write, as direct quota- trips to children who see few pictures. tions, what the pictures say. Hold up (2) The pictures may be pasted on the pictures one by one and have each a long strip of paper and shown to guest read his quotation. Decide the children through a projector. A which is best by vote or by a com- little lantern slide lecture may thus mittee of judges.

be given, using the captions for text.

an • Order material published by the Mis- PRACTICAL PICTURE POSsmIL- siona,'Y Edunation Movement through your de- ITIES nominational boaTd. Get from your Mission Board a Picture Sheets.-The price of each of the fol- large picture of an outstanding mislowing twenty-two sets of Picture Sheets is sionary. An individual, or a class, or 25 cents, organization may frame it and present it to the Sunday-school, or to some AFRICA AMERICA AT HOME ARMENIANS AND SYRIANS, THE Boys AND GIRLS OF BIBLE LANDS Boys AND GIRLS OF INDIA society. Hang picture on the wall or CHII,D LIFE OF THE WORLD place on an easel and drape it with flag of U. S., or other country from CHILDREN OF THE CITY CHINESE BoyS AND GIRLS CHINESE SNAPSHOTS EGYPT AND MODERN HEROES OF BIBLE LANDS which missionary went, and with the ESKUroS. THE Christian flag. Arrange cord so as to EVERYDAY INDJA draw back the flag at the proper time. How_ WI!: ARFl FED Choose a good story teller to tell the How Wll TRAVEL story. As "Fling Out the Banner" How WE ARE SHELTERED or some other suitable hymn is sung ITAl.lANS, THE MEXICANS IN THE UNI'l'JilD STATE.S MISSIONARY AT WORK, THE NEGRO NEIGHBORS ORIENTALS IN THE UNlTED STATES have story teller and a boy and girl go to platform. At close of the story PJmPLE OF JAPAN, THE the boy and girl draw the cords that WOlt:K AROUND THE WORLD pull the flags back and disclose the picture. Audience should rise and Primary Pirture Stories.-Price, 50 cents. (Subjects were listed ~ the March REVIEW.) World Friendship Stamps. Price 50 cents. Mi88i01ary Program Material. Anita B.

Ferris. Revised Edition, 1922. Price $1.00. sing, "The Son of God Goes Forth to

1923J BEST ME'rHODE

MORNING NOON A Ji'TERNOON NIGHT "Ye mu st 1'.·ork the works of Him that sent me while it is day. The night cometh wben no man ca.n wu)"k"

A PICTURE STORY OF MOSLEM WOMANHOOD WITHOUT CHRIST War," or some other suitable hymn "This is Hirama San, one of the and a prayer for more volunteers teachers at the kindergarten. She is should be made. etc., etc." The same plan may be used in meetings for girls or grown- MOUNTED PICTURES ups.

Every church should have a col- LIVING PICTURES lection of mounted pictures. 'rhese can be arranged in sets, and used in Make a frame of any size desiredmun.,· ways. For- instance, some of the pictures from the sheet" Orientals seven by eight feet is very satisfactory. in America" may be pasted on cardboard of the size of large photographs. Use six-inch boards; gild or silver Underneath each picture may be pasted the printed words from the the frame and fasten it to front of sheet or any typewritten words desired. A teacher who has a lesson on the platform. Cover the remaining "The Stranger Within Thy Gates" may pash these around before or after front of the stage with draperies and his class period. Pictures, whether or not bearing especially on the lesson, place draw curtains. inside the frame. may be circulated in this way at anytime. There should be a custodian of Arrange lights with reflectors above pictures who keeps them in circulation and constantly makes additions to the and at both sides, and a spotlight high stock. at left. Dull blue netting placed over A MISSIONARY MOVIE the opening in the frame will give Seleet a dozen or more pictures of especial interest to children. Give atmospheric effect. For a background one picture to each child who is to help make the movie and see that he place a reversible screen about six learns a few interesting facts about his picture; make some general an- feet back of curtain. Cover one side nouncement about the pictures that are to follow. Have the children enter of the screen with dull cobalt blue for one by one. The first holds up picture and says: "This is the kindergarten outside scenes and for indoor scenes the children built in Japan." The next child follows immediately with turn the other side which should be covered with oatmeal paper.

A chorus may interpret the pictures by music. A reader may tell the story which is illustrated as she proceeds.

Strikingly effective talks may be made with living picture illustrations. A tour of mission stations, given by a good speaker, will leave never-to-be- forgotten impressions. As the speaker reaches .Japan the curtain is raised and a scene in a Japanese kinder- garten is shown for a minute. Then the curtain falls and the speaker goes on while another picture is being ar· ranged. –

A wonderfully effective combina- box to tell those who "peep" at the tion of song, story and picture may picture more about it.

be given in this way. SERIAL PICTURES PICTURES, PERSONAL PROPERTY "To be continued" are three fas- cinating words. A picture that grows If there was no demand for small is sure to maintain interest. A class pictures for desks and dressing tab1es may go around the world by having the stores would not continue to carry sheets of cardboard or a strip of camsuch a large stock of frames costing bric placed around the wall with picfrom ten cents to many dollars. Boys tures of many lands pasted around it. and girls have their friends, also their A book may be illustrated from one heroes and heroines. Mission Boards lesson to another by a collection of are beginning to furnish small pic- pictures, illustrating the chapters. tures of a few outstanding missionary heroes and heroines. The picture sup- Little children delight to build a plements make it easy to frame motion picture of "Christ blessing the chilpicture heroes; the sporting pages dren of the world." Paste in centre have ragged holes in them where some of a large sheet of cardboard a copy boy: or girl has torn out a baseball or of "Christ Blessing Little Children." football hero. Let us make it possible Then ask the children to bring small for young folks to have a few mission- cut-out pictures of children of alI ary heroes and heroines, with thrilling nations and paste them around the life stories for their frames. central picture as they repeat" Suffer the little children to come unto Me."

PEEP PICTURES Children at home also like to make a frieze of all the children of the world Little folks and big folks enjoy a for their bedrooms or nurseries. A "Peep Picture Show." Take paste- spirit of world friendship is formed board boxes. Line the inside with in this way by familiarity with atpaper of a solid color. Remove the tractive pictures of boys and girls Df top and cover with transparent paper other lands. of green or rose Dr whatever color is desired. On the inside arrange scenes "WHAT'S THE USE?"

from various mission lands. One may "You are spending Dloney and tim.e show a tepee of American Indians. for nothing."

The three sides of the box may be By E. H. DORNllLASER, D.D.

covered with pictures of Indians or "'Vhat's the use?" said a member with a background of trees. On the of a Foreign Mission Board to the "floor" of the box, tents and smaH Rev. A. D. Rowe when he was making figures may be pasted to stand erect. final arrangements to go to India as Japanese pictures may have a tiny a Lutheran Missionary in the year lake made with a mirror, and minia- 1874. He answered by saying- ture trees with paper cherry blossoms. " We'll see."

Small Japanese figures may be bought What he proposed to do and did or cut out and colored. was to go to Philadelphia to work After the picture is finished put on with a practical photographer for lid of box, facing front. Cut a hole several months to familiarize himself ~arge enough for eye and finish in with the art of photography. Then some artistic fashion. A typewritten he went to the Guntur mission field sheet, giving some interesting facts in the Madras Presidency and became about the picture and what it repre- a successful missionary. When the sents, may be hung above or at the great famine did its destructive work side. in the seventies of the last century the A dozen or more pieture boxes will British Government made. him the make an interesting meeting. A cus- distributing agent of funds for famine todian or guide may be placed at each relief.

1923j BEST

Because of his knowledge of photog- volunteered to go to the foreign field.

raphy Mr. Rowe took many pictures He went to China, became Student of famine sufferers and used his Secretary of the Y. M. C. A., con- camera constantly in his missionary ducted many Bible classes for boys operations. He wrote a number of and organized the Student Volunteer books on Hindu life and illustrated Movement of China. He declares that them by these pictures. These photos the first desire to do foreign mission were developed and offered for sale work came from seeing the Rowe in America. Half of proceeds was to photos in his home at Lamartine, pay for the pictures and the other baH Pennsylvania. Among the boy stu- was to go into the treasury of the dents in Arthur Rugh's Bible classoo Children's Missionary Society. This in Shanghai, in 1904, were the fol- society supported Mr. Rowe and one lowing: other missionary. He organized it One was later graduated from the Uni· versity of Pennsylvania, and is nOw a doctor before he went to India. Its dues were at the head of the department of bacteri· twenty-five cents a year for every ology in the St. Luke's Hospital in Shanghai. member, and this sale of photos was Another is the principal of a Christian devised for the purpose of sw€lling school of six hundred stUdents. A third is a graduate of the University of the sum of these contributions. Vastly more was accomplished by them than Edinburgh, and is the assistant manager of simply the accumulation of cash. the Hanyang Iron Works, a fifty-two million dollar corporation, the largest in China.

In 1879 a young man just grad- A fourth is the Secretary of the North uated from Wittenberg Theological China Conservancy Bureau, an engineering Seminary, at Springfield, Ohio, ac- company working to prevent floods in North China. by guiding the three rivers in new cepted a call to become the pastor of courses to the ocean. A fifth is an honor graduate of Yale, and three Lutheran Churches in the of the school of Business Administration at original oil field of Pennsylvania, Harvard. For five years he was the first where his parishioners were farmers, se<ll'etary of the Chinese Legation in Lon- mechanics, villagers and oil producers. don; acting ambassador to Belgium; and This young pastor had been a member sec.retary to the Chinese Commission to the of the same church as Mr. Rowe and Disarmament Conference at Washington, when the missionary returned on his: D.C. A sixth is president of the Chinese Gov- first and only furlough the pasto.r ernment Teachers' College, recognized as the leading Normal School of China. He was asked him to send a copy of each chairman of the CommiSBion of Educators photograph taken in India. The cate- that visited the West, two years ago, to in· chumens and other children of the vestigate the Educational Systems of the church used these in canvassing the Occident and organize a system for China. families of the parish and many copies A seventh is an honor graduate of Yale, were sold. They thus became the the national secretary of the Y. M. C. A. of means of disseminating missionary in- China, chairman of the Joint Committee of Parliament which drafted the constitution formation throughout the community of China. He was the only representative of and the people became wonderfully both North and South China to Paris. He interested in missions. Mr. Rowe was was offered the Vice-Chairmanship of the invited to lecture in this and many Chinese Delegation to the Washington Peace Conference, but refused becanse China was other neighboring chUrches. not united.

Among the children who sold these God can and does use little things photos were an older brother and to create a desire to cross the seas to sis~er of a lad, at that time about four teach His Word and to influence with years old, whose name was Arthur Christian ideals the educational, Rugh. He became interested in the the medit'ai, the industrial, the me- photographs and in the people they chanical, the religious, and the gov- pictured. Subsequently he was grad- ernmental interests of a great and uated from a Pennsylvania Normal powerful country.

School and later from Wittenberg Was it worth while to learn how to College. He became a Y. M. C. A. take pictures in India and to show Student Secretary for Ohio and there them in America Y

Woman's Foreign Mission

MRS. HENRY W. PEABODY, ALICE M. KYLE AND GERTRUDE SCHULTZ Editorial Committee of the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions STORY OF THE CAMPAIGN, decided not to depend on luncheons . This is a gathering up of impres- or large meetings but to work quietly SlOns and an estimate of spiritual and prayerfully through literature values in this experiment of working and appeals. Five hundred thousand together in a financial campaign for dollars was secured, $217 000 in spe- land and buildings for the Union cial gifts, the larger part' of the bal- Christian Colleges for the Women in ance given by Boards to the colleges the Orient. for which they were responsible.

The Joint Committee decided to This, however, did not meet the need.

put our college interests together and In the fall of 1921 a campaign was ask for a fund which should meet the launched with .lunch.eons, dinners, needs of all. The estimate for land teas, mass meetmgs, lllustrated lec- and buildings for seven colleges was tures, pageants, while streams of $3,000,000. An appeal was made to literature, posters and pledge cards the Laura Spelman Rockefeller Me- flowed out. The Students' Committee morial fund for $1,000,000, and after organized with Mrs. D. J. Fleming as investigation the trustees agreed to chairman, began work in the colleges.

give to six of the colleges, omitting the The A. A. U. W. lent its executive North China Medical School. There secretary and president to the Ad- were two reasons for this: first, the visory Committee of the Joint Com- Rockefeller Foundation had made a mittee. A small office was set up at large investment in Peking and that 300 Ford Building, Boston, and a school was opened to women; second, very efficient treasurer, Miss Hilda L. the hope was expressed that if there Olson, was secured. An office for the were to be a medical school for women middle West was opened in Chicago in China the Boards might unite in with Miss Ida Green as secretary.

one place and concentrate on one high For more than a year a persistent grade school, rather than two or three campaign of information, including a poorly equipped schools of lower remarkable gift of publicity from grade.. daily and religious press and such Therefore, the Trustees granted magazines as Asia, Delineator and the $946,666 to our $1,893,332, a total of Pictorial Review, followed by finan- $2,840,998. It was estimated that cial appeals, has covered the country, Boards might appropriate one third, the northern states cooperating. In one third should be secured in a cam- the South only one Board is actively paign, and the other third should identified with the colleges which pre- come from the Laura Spelman Rocke- sented the united campaign. That feller Fund, the fund to be completed Board made a generous pledge from January 1, 1923. its Centenary Fund. Canada also A special Building Fund Commit- decided to make a direct appropria- tee was appointed and began its work tion. The plan was to have one hun- in the fall of 1920, culminating in the dred College Days in as many cities, Christmas campaign. The Committee and it has been carried out, beginning in Washington, D. C., in November, be;o~~e aN~~~;:.~n'b~:~:!n~C~?ot~:ar.'::~~ 1921, and closing in San Diego, Cali- fmoitrtneiea~ Dweecreemfboerrm8~d19a2n2d. State Com- SJYc;,h.o,'o~l:i~innw~!l'lsifn~a~nrf0uV.~~<At,,~n,e~w~~M!e~d£i~ca".i! School for an immense the under 302 amount of voluntary service has been window in a store and represented the given, often by busy women, well Vellore hospital with its pathetic trained in the work of their own de- closed door, and girls in Indian dress nominations. It has not been unusual waiting to enter. The sign on the door to have from 500 to 1,000 women at said, "Closed untiL the money can the luncheons and at the Commodore be Ilecured." Many who had seen the and Bellevue-Stratford there were story in the papers stopped, and one 1,550 and 1,200 respectively. The lady told of an interested little news- Federation has cooperated and it was boy who said to her as he gazed in, hoped by some that local Federations "You see they can't open it till they might carry the campaign and in git the money. Gee whiz! I've got some cities they have assisted with to sell sorne papers," and presently good results. But it was found neces- came back and dropped in his pennies.

sary in almost every case to organize Many have heard of Harriet of Tulsa, a special committee, and one of the and her strawberry shortcake recipe greatest gains has been in securing which grew into a cook·house….

service and gifts from thousands of Hindrances~ Oh, so many. We women not hitherto identified with must not appeal to churches nor mis- missionary movements. Club women sionary societies and few outside knew aud college women have come to ap- about the colleges. There seemed to preciate and honor the women who be a necessity for creating a new con- have, through the years, built up in stituency. Every other cause was the Women's Missionary Societies the granted right of way, The Near foundations for these institutions of East, with its pitiful immediate needs, higher education for women. Community Chests in many cases Not only in the committees, but as prohibiting any other appeal, China campaigners and speakers, it has been Famine, Russian Relief, every Mispossible to call upon a remarkable sion Board pressing most important group including editors, college pres- claims, American colleges absorbed in idents and faculty members. The securing endowments from $1,000,000 President of WeHesley College took to $9,000,000 each, people tired a little ten days for a strenuous trip in ten of appeals after the many war apwestern cities. World travelers, mis- peals, hard times in the middle West, sionaries and statesmen have helped. strikes and shut-downs. Could it be Dr. Ida Scudder has been wonderful done Y It seemed hardly possible. It here as in India. We have needed was a new cause and there is always many speakers for all the varied func- the feeling on the part of some that tions at which Union Colleges have we are robbing America if We make been presented. an appeal for Asia. But there is a new response to the international ap- Dollar Day peal. We are disappointed that our Government has not been able to find Wherever this plan of community a way to take its place in the world, cooperation was tried, it met with re- and this effort of American women markable success. One little town in for the women of the Orient seemed a lumber regiou with a small union the only definite cooperative plan for church "ent in its contribution, $520 showing our real friendship and symcollected from the settlements where pathy for other nations. It was a women read of the colleges and sent Woman's League of Love and it car- their gifts. There is not time to re- ried an appeal that many have been port all tlie beautiful and touching glad to meet. The gift of $50,000 instances of service and sacrifice. The from Miss Ellen Scripps of La J olIa, King's Daughters have made a not- California, for this "glorious inter- able contribution, a building for Isa- • The recipe can be bought with the ~tory bella Thoburn College. In one city from Mrs. Robert MacArthur, Tulsa, Oklahoma, in the East, the women secured a for one dollar, the proceeds going to the col~ leges.

national adventure," is typical of radio in Sacramento, the capital of such feeling. California. "How far does the broad- There has been no corps of paid casting extend ¥" we asked. "To workers. Anyone who would work Wheeling, West Virginia," was the at all was eagerly welcomed. Conse- answer, and so in the air the stories quently the expenses will not exceed met, a united appeal for the women two per cent of the fund and a large of the Orient, and today our prayers part of this is charged to printing and ascending here are meeting those of distribution of literature. the women of the East who have been At the moment when we faced praying for the help that will fit them disappointment which would have to serve their own people. Let us not been keenly felt in the colleges and fail to continue to pray that God will by the groups of women in this bless these colleges. May they be cen- country who had worked so faithfully, ters of spiritual life and light. We there came an assurance that He who may need them as much as they have began would finish the work. Since needed us, for out of the campaign, then there have been really wonder- with a· sense of gratitude and appreci- ful answers to the prayers of count- ation of the royal women who have less women. There have been some helped, has come a fear, for women large gifts but the best of the cam- of America, with wealth, privilege, paign is in the thousands of small power, many of them slaves to their gifts which have made up the larger own selfish pagan desires.

part of the nearly $2,000,000. Ap- And so in this gift of the women of parently the Boards have appropriated $500,000, we have ~ceived large America to the women of Asia it may gifts amounting to approximately be we are beginning an exchange of $400,000, and the remainder has come in smaller gifts, ranging from $1.00 gifts and our gold will become someto $1,000. thing infinitely more precious, as it The trustees of the Laura Spelman Rockefeller Memorial Fund have been passes on through the lives of our sisters and returns to bless and spirit- ualize us. L. W. P.

kind, sympathetic, appreciative, and ANNUAL MEETING OF THE FEDhave given us every help and encour- ERATION agement, paying over promptly for every $100,000 certificated for by us, The annual meeting of the Federaa check for $50,000, and extending the tion of Woman '8 Boards of Foreign time of payment until February first. Missions was held in New York City, January 13th-15th, at the National Most of all we prize the coopera- headquarters of the Young Women's tion that has been possible. It was Christian Association. In addition to the united effort that appealed to so the business attendant upon the remany. ports of the various committees, there were several unusual features One woman, Mrs. William Baker, which made this one of the best anwho helped begin and end the cam- nual meetings the Federation has paign in Washington, never failing ever held. for a moment in her task, became our Publicity leader. She has since en- tered into rest. She secured the Na- Exhibit of Literature tional Radio at Arlington. Dr. Scud- der, introduced by Bishop McDowell, Under the direction of the Com- of spoke over one line, and Mrs. Coolidge, mittee on Methods of Work, the vari- wife the Vice-president, consented ous Boards had prepared exhibits of to speak from Arlington on December literature dealing with women's, young 4th. It happened that as she spoke women's and children's work, mis- over the National Radio, at the same sionary education, finance, editorial hour, allowing for difference in time, work and publicity. This exhibit, the Chairman was speaking from the hung in a room near the. Assembly

1923J WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

Room, was worthy of study. Com- 0,'1 Monday afternoon at the closing bined with the exchange of literature w~ich the committee is carrying on, Ees~lOn of the annual meeting, Miss thIS demonstration of methods proved of immense value. Sm Wang, a candidate for the degree Three Significa.nt Addresses of Ph.D. at Columbia spoke on The choice of outside speakers was "Christian Schools in the China of lTlOst happy. On Sunday afternoon Miss Harriet Taylor, Executive of the Tomorrow." Although political con- Foreign Division of the Y. W. C. A. spoke on "The Significance of the ditions in China are so disturbing China Christian Conference." Miss Taylor emphasized three features of Miss Wang expressed the opinion that the conference. First was the personnel, which included more Chinese prospects for education were never so than foreigners, (unless one counts the foreign visitors invited), and rep- bright as at present, as there is a resented a cross-section of Chinese Christian life, with Dr. Cheng Ching- large group of high-minded Chinese Yi, the presiding officer, as the outstanding personality of the confer- who are devoting themselves to build: ence. The second feature was the program, which had been painstak- ing up a new educational system. ingly worked out and was carefully presented by five commissions on (1) Christian mission schools, if they are the Present State of Christianity in China. (2) The Future Task of the to be a real part of the forward move- Church. (3) The Message of the Church. (4) Christian leadership. ment, must divest themselves of their (5) Cooperation and interdenominational activities. Third, the product foreign character, becoming increasof the conference was most evident in the Survey, "The Christian Occu- ingly more Chinese as to leadership pation of China." curriculum and language. Of hardly Dr. C. Leighton Stuart, President of Peking University, gave a most in- less Importance is the question of the teresting picture of conditions which his parents faced as pioneer mission- kind of education which Chinese stuaries in 1868, and referred to his own early impressions. He contrasted dents are getting in America-is it with these conditions his present work, carried on with Chinese colleagues of making them materialists or leaders rare scholarship, consecration and ability. He mentioned some outstand- with high ideals and strong character. ing developments in China today, such as the Student Movement, the Renais- China still needs missionaries, but sance and anti-Christian agitation. His closing emphasis was on the fact they BlUst be keenly intellectual that the totality of Christianity can only be realized by the gifts of all broad-minded Christ-iike men and nations, and that this totality will eventually make its impression on women, who have nothing to "put those who have not been able to accept partial presentations of Christ. over" but Christ and his love for hu- 5 manity, of which China and the United States are small integral parts.

*** The Annual Report of the Federa- tion contains much veasplueacbialellymattoeritahl~ We call attention report of the Student Committee by Mrs. D. J. Fleming, and the report of Interdenominational Institutions by Miss Nellie Prescott. As many are asking for the report of the Col- lege Campaign, we give in this num- ber the statement presented to the Federation. The official report of the Building Committee of the Joint Committee on Women's Christian Colleges of the Orient and the Treas- urer's report will be published later.

"""

In order to make this department of real value to Boards Local Fed- erH.tions, and Cooperati'llg Commit- tees, we shall welcome questions or topics relating to existing federated missior:ary movements, or to those that mlght be undertaken. EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUL.'ofLAN, 156 FIFTH AVE., NEW YORK STUDENT WORK sentatives from the organizations working among women students to From th e report of tb"e Committee on Student share plans and ideas, including ap- Work ot th e Council of Women for Home Mjs~ p eals to students for money or servsions for 1922, Miss Mary E. Markley. Chairman. ice, and to receive group action when this would strengthen a project. The 'l'he Committee on Student W'ork committee meets rcgularly four times has functioned in two capacities: (1 ) a year, in September, December, !<' ebas an integral part of the Federated ruary and May. Student Committee, alld (2 ) ill connection with work among Farm and 'l'he committee went on record Cannery Migrants.

in May as recommending "that wherever in Associ- ation and similar confer- ences a number of Church representatives are present to represent their variolls interests …. (they) bind themselves together at the beginning of the confer- ence to talk over the in- terests they represent so that throughout the confer- ence the cause of one shall become the cause of all, that they may stand to- gether, a united body in all LONDON BRIDGE-MIGRANT WORK the interests represented."

Federated Student Committee The Committee also recom- mended that the group of Church rep- The F ederated Student Committee, r esentatives at the end of each confer- composed of the Committee on Stu- ence" formulate careful findings with dent Work of the Federation of a view to Church interests another 'Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions, year. " Thus the work of the Church including Y: W. C. A. representa- interest is being strengthened and co- tives, the similar committee of the ordinated.

Council, and women representatives The desire has been quite generally of the Church Boards of Education expressed by Board representatives to and of the Student Volunteer Move- have Bible study and the study of ment who are actively at work among missions put back in the Y. W. C. A.

students, was set up at the beginning conference programs, the question be- of the year 1922, approval having ing raised as to whether World Fel- been expressed by the Federation and lowship lectures are an adequate the Council at their annual meetings substitution for the previous method in January. R epresentation from the of group study and whether the pres- Student F ellowship for Christian ent method accounted for the decrease Life-Service was added upon the in actual mission study in the colleges.

formation of that Fellowship. This It is recognized that students are U11- Federated Committee is informal in doubtedly using a variety of methods nature, is not a legislative body, but not used in former days and that the furnishe,~ opportunity for the repre- technical hours at conferenees might 306 be used to help students lay definite The opinion is unanimous that team missionary education programs for visitation is the most effective way for the college year, but it is seriously the Churches to approach students.

questioned whether the general inter- The. teams are composed of three or est aroused by the Fellowship lectures more denominational student secre- is not more superficial than that for- taries, who go to a college togetber merly resulting from the group study. and generally bold a tbree days' pro- The Federated Committee has rec- gram, including mass meetings, round ommended "a larger emphasi s on the table discussions, conferences with . Church in the whole Association pr·o- student pastors and faculty, talks gram in order to prepare students for with Life-work and Student Volun- service in the Church after college, teer groups, vocational forums, lunch- and that Board representatives be eon~ and dinners with advisory boards used in a larger way, not only in con- and at sorority houses and dormi- duct of conferences, but that they also tories, talks to Christian Endeavor be represented on committees prepar- and Young People's Societies, and ing for conferences and on such other personal interviews. The teams work committees of the Association as may through the field secretaries of the be desirable," such representatives to Y. W. C. A. and local Christian for- be people who are in close touch with ces. The Y. W. C. A. secretaries.Q~ student work. the teams identify the Association In January, 1922, team visitation was tried experi- mentally at the University of Chicago, the program in- cluding Catholic, Jewish and Protestant denomina- tional meetings, and a mass meeting addressed by a Jewish Rabbi, a Catholic layman and a woman rep- r esenting Protestant inter- ests. This experiment was felt to be very worth whiie and to have proved that there were great possibili- ties along this line. Later that,winter team visitations TOOTHBRUSH DRILL-MIGRANT WORK were made at Wellesley, New Hampshire State College, and with the effort to show the Church as Smith, the presentations being Prot- a whole.

estant only. During the fall and winter of 1922 team· visitation has Work among Farm and Cannery been carried out on the Pacific Coast MigrlUlts at the State Universities of California, 'V The Federated Student Committee Idaho, Oregon, and Washington, Oregon Agricultural College, and endorsed the omen 's Union Chris- Washington State College; in the tian Colleges of the Orient and work Middle West at the Universities of among Farm and Cannery Migrants West Virginia, Chicago, and Indiana, as objects for the missionary con- Beloit College and Knox College; and tributions of students.

The work among Farm and Canin New England and New York at nery Migrants was described at the Cornell University and Syracuse Uni- Student Assembly held in connection versity, Smith, Mt. Holyoke and Wel- with the Y. W. C. A. Biennial in lesley Colleges. April at Hot Springs, Arkansas, and

much interest and the desire to hear sions. Attractive illustrated leaflets more about the work was expressed. descriptive of the work may be ob- Letters have been sent to the deans tained at 10 cents each from the of women in the colleges throughout Council, 156 Fifth A.venue, New York the land to acquaint them with the City. ".~ligrant Wo·rkers ,in Hurvest work, and to seek their cooperation and Cannery" outlines conditions and in making plans for the future. Very needs and tells of the beginning of encourag'ing replies have come from the work; A College Gi"l's Summer many of these deans, and it is evident Diary and Diw'Y Number Two, from that the work among migrants is ex- which the pictures are taken, contain tremely interesting to them. It is extracts from diaries kept by the girls hoped that a number of colleges will who servcd at the stations. Both arc include a sum for migrant work in fascinating reading.

their budgets for benevolences, and Young People and Interdenomina- give something every year. tional Service The Executive Committee of the The interest of young people and Council decided that " a share" should be rated at thirty dollars. Rtudents in interdenominational serv- ice is unmistakable. At a conference of fifty leading Presbyterian young women in Chicago in May the following resolution was passed: "Be it resolved that this body go on record as favor- ing the principle of inter- denominational cooperation and cooperation of all Christian agencies wher- ever and whenever condi- tions permit, to the end that there be the least pos- sible duplication of effort WOODEN CHECKER BOARDS MADE BY THE BOYS and the greatest possible effectiveness of work."

Three hundred dollars supports a This interest need not detract from representative at a station, and $1,200 students' loyal interest in the agen- supports a station for a summer cies of their own Church. In home season. mission activities, as in foreign mis- The committee hopes to make a be- sion activities, only as: our Christian ginning this year for a steady growth students are familiar with and assist in the interest among students in the in the program of their own Church, work among Farm and Cannery can we hope for the fullest advance- Migrants, which shall become greater ment of the Kingdom. .

year by year, and shall spread to all colleges throughout the country. There are about a millioll and a half of migrant seasonal laborers in the United The Pictures States. Among the largest groups are the The pictures in this BuUet!:n show lumbe:rmell and loggers, the wheat hal" vesters and the workers in small fruit, vege· various activities of the children at table and canniug industries. Thousands of women and children in the farm and can· stations among the Farm and Can- nery migrant groups live in colonies for six nery Migrants conducted cooperative- week. to three month. only in ODe place, ly by women '8 boards through the and then move on. This nomadic life re· Council of Women for Home Mis- sults in appalling ignorance.

_.~~N_JBWS fROM ,MANY1ANJI)S

INDIA stance, recently a Hindu girl, who won All-India Christian Conference a scholarship in an .American college, THE Ninth All-India Christian is reported to have said, "Christianity Conference which was held in is not gaining a convert in India. In Lucknow from December 27th-30th the enormous population of 350,000was noteworthy for its large attend- 000, more than 18,000,000 are Mohamance and the wide-awake discussion medans and the rest are Buddhists. of the topics of the day. Dr. S. K. There are only 400,000 Christians in all Datta, the newly elected President, in India." The last census indicates claimed that Mahatma Gandhi is "the that there are over 5,000,000 Chrisgreatest Indian Christian." He did tians in India, while the Mohammenot approve of the Gandhi political dans number 63,000,000, and the program but emphasized the duty of Hindus over 220,000,000, the Budd- Indian Christians to stand for every hists and other cults make up the balreform and to render unstinted service ance. The percentage of gain during for their country. Mr. C. Y. Chinta- the recent decades shows Christianity mani, Minister of Education and Excise in the United Provinces, referred outstripping the other faiths with it to the three classes of people in India, the extremists, reactionaries and, be- Christian ministry more aggressive tween the two, those working for con- and influential than ever before. stitutional reform, and expressed his Bishop Fisher, of the Methodist hope that the Christian community Church, reports baptisms at the rate might always be in the last-named sec- of 100 a day throughout the year and tion. Bishop F. W. Warne spoke en- states that 50,000 others asking for thusiastically of the possibilities and Christian baptism could not be cared for for want of Christian leaders to train them.-Christian Advocate.

responsibilities of such a body of In- dian Christians and urged all to seek Missionaries at the Center the spiritual preparation necessary to ASUMMARY of political conditions represent their Master to the millions in India comes from Sam Higginof India still without the knowledge of bottom, in Allahabad: "The political their Saviour. situation is much easier. Non-cooper- ation seems to be dead. Hindu-Mos- The conference was a clearing house lem unity has had many severe trials for the free exchange of ideas rather and there is much less talk of it than than for definite action. Some parts there was. The Angora Government of India were not represented and in denying the claim of the Indian others inadequately. The conference Mohammedans that the Sultan of is still in the slow process of growth.

Turkey was both temporal and spiri- Truth About India tual leader of the Moslem world has THAT tens of thousands are appeal- left the Indian Mohammedan agita- ing to Christian workers in India tors without anything to agitate with for instruction and baptism might be non-Moslems. In the meantime re- doubted if credit were given to the forms are working. Increasingly the statements of some who endeavor to Indianization of the Government is speak on this subject. There is an ef- taking place. The Indian controls fort in America to prejudice the pub- finance in a number of subjects. The lic against Great Britain and the various so-called 'Repressive' meas- Christian Church in India. For jn- ures have been modified to suit In- 309

dian public opinion. In view of lack eludes its report with these words: of legislative experience and the "The delegates left Ranchi, realizing diverse religious and social elements that if it should please God, the In- India may well be proud of the dian Church has entered on a new progress she has made in self-govern- phase in her history, and that under ment. The problems presented will the Lord it was all owing to the spirit take years to work out, but the out- of indomitable patience and sagacity come will be in reality a united, na- of Mr. J. H. Oldham." tional India. The Central Government of India has a large deficit, as Bramwell Booth in India have all the Provinces, therefore many schemes dependent upon finance have THE Salvation Army has 3,000 stato wait for a more favorable day. The tions in India and carries on its result is that the Allahabad Univer- work in more than 4,000 villages, Gensity is utilizing all our American col- eral Bramwell Booth announced relege teachers. In fact, it could not cently in Calcutta after a trip of get along without our nine American inspection that carried him through a and Indian teachers who are lectur- large part of the country. ing regularly in the University. We are in at the center as we never were He spoke especially of the work bebefore and as we had never considered ing done among the criminal classes remotely possible." and the people of the lower castes. He visited the convict settlement in A Move Toward "Indianization" the Telugu country, where 2,000 families are provided for. He re- UNDER the auspices of the National ported that most of the families were Missionary Council a conference self-supporting, and that where three of Indian Christians representing the or four years ago there had been the several provinces of India, was held utmost illwill, there was now a spirit at Ranchi, January 3-8, 1923. About of contentment and prOl'lperity. The forty Indian Christians, selected by Government had previously to prothe different Provincial Councils of vide a large police force, but now, he Missions, met and deliberated at says, there are no police needed, and Ranchi on some of the most momen- but few run away, and they generally tous problems affecting the Christian return later. These 2,000 families, movement in India. These were he declared, had been settled on the classified under three headings, Chris- land, some as cultivators and others as tian Education, the Indian Expression weavers. He asserted that he found of Christianity, and the Attitude of the children intelligent and bright. Christianity to Public Questions, and in addition there was adopted a new' -New Yark Times. scheme for the reorganization of the National Missionary Council and the Bible Sales in the PunJah several r.epresentative Councils of Missions with a secretariat for the co- SALES of the Scriptures have been ordination of all Christian work in considerably reduced in some India today. parts of India during the past year, but opinions differ as to how far the This plan was presented by Mr. J. political unrest and the "non-cooper- H. Oldham, editor of the International ation movement" may be responsible. Review of Missions, who has recently Some workers report unusual readibeen visiting India. The composition ness both to purchase and to read. A of the N. M. C., henceforth to be missionary describes how two workers styled the National Christian Council, at a great festival in Delhi had a stall and the provincial councils is to be by the roadside, where crowds passed. half and half missionary and Indian. He writes in The Harvest Field: The Christian Patriot, of Madras, con- "Gospels and traets were bonght, often only to be torn up and scattered in derision. Sometimes the fragments were thrown in

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their faces. But they both stood up to it, to influence India need to keep themand went on with their selling. Their gos- selves up-to-date. They must be neither obscurantist nor reactionary. pels and tracts sold by hundreds. Some· But any among us who are inclined to times the opposition was so fierce that the road was blocked with people crowding to see what it was all about. Sometimes non- coquette with theology which seeks to cooperators and others intimidated the pass under the name of 'modern buyers. But other agents were out on the thought, ' theology which is but ration- alism in a new garb, may well reflect road, on the outskirts of the crowd, and so the sales went on. In all, that day, over a thousand books were sold, a record for one on the significance of the fact that present-day apologists of Hinduism day's operations for us in Delhi. r noticed, are forging new weapons for their armoury by borrowing and applyinigon several occasions, torn leaves were picked up by passers-by, cautiously scanned, and then carefully concealed to be read at leIs'

ure. The fact is one of the forms of the the principles of Western rationalists. general unrest is' unrest of soul." India '8 supreme need at this hour, Tribute from an Indian Official with her millions of untouchables, her conflicting castes, her superstitions and WHEN Mr. Chintamani, the first her fears, is more of the supernatural Minister of Education in the Christ. If Christianity in India is to United Provinces, visited Gorakhpur, retain its present position of growing the staffs of the various educational far more rapidly than any other reinstitutions there were invited to the ligion, then India's Christian teachers C. M. S. School, St. Andrew's College, must aim not at the maximum of to meet him. He paid the following compromise, but at the maximum of tribute to the work of the mission- definiteness and clearness concerning aries: the Gospel committed unto us. We "We non-Christian Indians can must preach the Incarnation as the never forget the immense debt of grat- completeness of God'8 own unique itude that we owe to the noble mission- Self-disclosure, the Cross as India's aries of the Christian religion for the only salvation from her sin and shame, vast work they have done in order to and the Pentecost as a possible exspread education in this land. Differ perience in every heart." from them as we may … we cannot forget that for no little of the enlight- CHINA enment and national awakening Chinese Home Missions among our countrymen, we are in- AT THE third annual conference debted to the missionaries of the .tl. of the Chinese Home Missionary Christian faith in these provinces and in other parts of the country. I, my- Society last summer no less than 131 self have no doubt that in the years delegates and visitors were present. to dome, as in the past, their share in educational work in India will be as The auxiliaries have grown from six great and as glorious as it has ever in the previous conference to thirty. been, and both as an individual and as They have ten Chinese missionaries a member of the government I can say working in the province of Yunnan that they need expect nothing but en- and three working in Manchuria, couragement and help and apprecia- where the Presbyterian Church has tion from us in going forward." completely turned over to them their Heilungking Mission, while the mem- bers of the Lutheran Church are also India'. Suprellle Need actively associated. Among the inter- esting subjects discussed at this recent ASIGNIFICANT article in the conference was the question of the Dnyanodaya, entitled" The New untouched border lands of China. Hindu Apologetic," concludes as fol- That denominational groups are feellows: ing a responsibility for national evan- "Above all other people mission- gelization is evident from the r~po!t aries and Christian leaders who wish that Methodists have voted to raIse III

China $10,000 (Mex.) for their work lonal Christian Conference, by leading among the Chinese in Manchuria. in organized efforts to direct public Rev. W. W. Pinson, D.D., of the opinion toward the securing and en- Methodist Church South, writes forcing of labor legislation looking that the Methodists are projecting toward such a standard …. In view another mission in Manchuria, with of the fact that a clear understanding Harbin as its center and they hope to of problems, forces and values inhave it fully set up for business, with volved in the industrial problems is Chinese and foreign workers, early absolutely essential if the Church is to next fall. deal with it successfully, we should in the immediate future give first place Who Are the Gl'eatest Chinese! to the promotion of such understand- ing among present and prospective "THERE has recently been an in- pastors and other church community teresting voting competition in leaders. "

a Chinese paper to ascertain who How serious the conditions are were regarded as the twelve greatest which the Chinese Church is thus facliving Chinese. Altogther forty-seven ing may be inferred from the indusnames were suggested by those who trial survey of China made by Y. M. competed, and it is encouraging to C. A. investigators, a summary of know that of these forty-seven twelve which has been sent to this country are members of the Protestant Church. by Sherwood Eddy, who says that the The sixth on the list was the well- industrial system developing in China known General Feng. As there are is "the worst in world history." not yet half a million communicants in the Protestant Church, that is to Anti-Footbinding Movement say, one in 800 of the population, it is a significant fact that one in four of AT THE meeting of the Chinese those who are regarded as China's Women's Conference held on greatest men should be recognized as August 11th, the following resolutions followers of Christ. This fact is a were passed: That whereas, the habit tribute to the influence of the Chris- of footbinding among Chinese women, tian Church." while dying out of the cities, continues with little change in the country dis- To Christianize Judustry tricts; and, whereas, this practice is abhorrent to the instincts of human- ON December 1 and 2, 1922, there ity, utterly foolish and useless with no met in Shanghai about forty peo- single reason to commend it; and, ple specially intere&ted in applying whereas, public opinion in the cities Christian principles to China's eco- has already become so strong against nomic and industrial problems. The conference was under the chairman- it as to make it certain that efforts to ship of Dr. C. E. Patton and was abolish it would have far greater proscalled by the committee which pre- pect now than in the past; therefore, pared that part of the report of Com- be it resolved, that in the judgment of mission II, dealing with industrial this conference: problems which was presented to the National Christian Conference last "(1). A nation-wide campaign shonld be May. This committee was authorized initiated by the Christian Church in China to act on behalf of the National Chris- against this custom; (2) each mission statian Council. The discussions through- tion should be the center of an active eduout were practical, aiming at the se- cational propaganda against it; (3) the ef· curing of a working program. The fort should be made through the Chinese resolutions passed included the fol- Christians and the enlightened element in lowing: "The time has come for the each province to induce the government of· Church aggressively to promote the ficials to make the practice a legal offense labor standards adopted by the Nat- punishable by fine, and to use all methods for its complete eradication; (4) that the National Christian Council be urged to take steps to initiate the movement; (5) that the National Council of Health Education be

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requested to prepare a set of charts and stere- we presented Christ as the Saviour. He stated his purpose ito live the opticon slides setting forth the evils of foot- Christian life, but nothing but a mirbinding; and that the tract societies be acle can keep him straight in the net- work of evil which is all about him. " urged to have more and better literature prepared to be used in the auti-footbinding eampaign_' '-Chinese RecOJ'der.

JAPAN-CHOSEN Helping Ricksha Men I T N THE fall of 1921 an effort was Militarism on the Wane made in Wuhu, China, to start a WO striking evidences of the wan- shelter for the ricksha men. The work ing of militarism are given by The is managed by a union mission com- Omi ]ff7!stard Seed: In 1905, after the mittee. One of the high Chinese of- Russian War, the Government Mili- ficials kindly put up a mud hut for tary College had 5,000 applicants for the purpose, and rentE! it to the com- admission to its entering class of 200, mittee for a small sum payable whereas at the the close of the World monthly. The hut is open all day. War there were only 110 available for There are tables and benches for the the same class! About the same time men and as much free tea as they like. as the early interest in military train- Between two and three hundred men ing, the returns from a questionnaire use the shelter daily. Some boys from in a leading girls' high school showed the Wuhu Academy go several times a large proportion would choose mili- a week to teach the men to learn to tary officers for husbands, whereas read during spare time, and there is last year not one wanted to marry a always an interested group. Every military man! These real figures do Sunday afternoon an evangelistic not support the panic of the yellow service is held for these ricksha men, press over Japan'8 alleged blood- at the time of the change from the day thirstiness.

to the night shift. They are learning to sing and to read and understand a A Christian Conscript T few Bible texts. The little building HE refusal of a young ,Japanese recruit to take the oath of military is packed to overflowing at these meetings. service caused the authorities consid- The Son of General Chang Tso-Un erable trouble, according to the Japan Advertiser. How after a week he T HE young son of the Chinese gen- came to consent, Yujiro Tokita ex- eral, Chang Tso-lin-now Gover- plained to a reporter of the Nicki nor of three Manchurian provinces- Nicki. He asked the commander of took the chair at one of Sherwood Ed- his regiment to excuse him from tak- dy's meetings in Mukden, and was ing the oath until he knew the true greatly impressed. Next day he went object of Japanese armaments. If to luncheon with Dr. Eddy, who tells aggression and butchery, which are what followed: "He opened his heart incompatible with all ideas of love, are and asked what he could do to help his the objects, he, being a Christian, country. The next evening he re- could not serve in the army. From turned and remained with us until the explanations of the officers of his midnight. He told us all of his doubts regiment, Mr. Tokita said he under- and difficulties, and of his despair of stood thc object of the Japanese army saving China in the midst of the pres- is to safeguard national existence and ent system of graft and militarism. to protect the Japanese people from He voluntarily confessed his personal all dangers. He said he was told also sin and his desperate need. He that the final goal of the Government finally knelt in prayer and expressed authorities is complete abolition of the the desire to take the first step toward country's armaments. This assurance the Christian life. The next day he satisfied the young conscript, and he returned again to the meeting where took the oath of service. He stated

emphatically, however, that he con- accommodating two thousand was sented to serve on condition that when crowded twice daily. he saw anything in the army not in accord with what the officers had told Sherwood Eddy writes after spendhim he would revert to his original ing a day with Mr. Kagawa in Kobe attitude, even under penalty of death. during his recent visit to Japan; "I found him living in the heart of these Social Problem. in .Japan slums. He is a pastor of a little church where he conducts services for REV. WM. M. VORIES, of the Omi the laborers who have to go to work Mission in Japan, makes these before six o'clock in the morning. He interesting comments on present so- is the Saint Francis of the poor, the cial conditions; Gandhi of the labor movement of Japan. This brilliant young genius "At present the revolt against the of thirty-four has buried his life in ancient' family-system,' which makes the slums and has survived tubercuof marriage a matter of convenience losis and imprisonment. In six years to the parents or guardians of those he has written some sixteen books, most concerned, is at such a virulent large and small, drawing his own ilstage that any article or book dealing lustrations and pen sketches; he is with any aspect of sex is eagerly de- writing for a dozen magazines and voured. Magazines devoted to that editing three newspapers; he has orsubject are prosperous and books both ganized several industrial labor unindifferent and bad are bought with- ions; he is leading the farmers in out stint. For more than a dozen their great movement for justice, and years we have been urging the church- is speaking almost daily to large audi" es and missions to undertake con- ences. He personally conducts a large structive efforts at reform of mar- industrial research bureau. The acriage customs and of old ideas of count of his life appearing in three legitimate social intercourse between volumes has exhausted more than two young men and young women. Now hundred editions and has been read it seems to be almost too late to ~vert by a million readers." the consequences of false cautiousness, since the young people are taking Digging and Trusting things into their own hands. * * * DR. O. R. AVISON and his asso- ciates in Severance Union Med- Dancing in Western style, in its most ical College Seoul, Korea, believing obnoxious forms, is making sudden that "faith without works is dead," progress in Japan. Things are not have dug the foundation for an addidisdained merely because they come tion to the hospital, though they in by way of the West, if they are haven't in sight a penny of money convincingly offered. If the Churches with which to erect the new wing on of the Occident had been as busy in the excavation. This is the ceremony introducing Christianity to the Orient that accompanied their act of faith; as are the brewers in introducing beer Dr. Avison, his 120 professors, inand the tobacco t~s,t cigarettes, the structors, medical students, nurses, work of foreign missions might have office men and servants assembled on been completed by now." the site which they had selected for the hoped-for new hospital. Each A Striking Figure person was armed with some sort of implement-pick-axes, shovels, hoes T OYOHIKO KAGAWA, who six and baskets. They stood in solemn years ago was a student at Prince- and earnest prayer and then joined ton, has been conducting evangelistic in the singing of a triumphant hymn. meetings in various cities in Japan, Dr. Avison read the first verse of the and charging admission, one yen cov- 127th Psalm-"Except Jehovah build ering a series of five meetings. The largest auditoriums have been crowded every night. In Kyoto the city hall

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the house, they labor in vain that distributed to the crowds. Other mis- build it, " and then, dropping the sionaries have been giving lectures on book, he took up his pick and drove it temperance, hygiene and child wel- into the soil. Two minutes later the fare. Playgrounds have been estab- entire body of 120 determined work- lished for Korean children, in several ers was at his or her appointed task. cases the Koreans giving both land They were divided into six groups of and equipment. Dr. A. G. Fletcher, a twenty each, breaking ground, some Presbyterian, reports: "We medical digging, some shoveling dirt, some men have organized an association carrying it away in baskets. "It was with a publicity department, the func- a startling and interesting sight," says tion of which is to spread knowledge Dr. Avison, "to see a group of Ko- regarding disease.We hope to be rean nurses, graduates and pupils, led able to secure a stereopticon and mov- by two of their American teachers, ing picture machine and circulate handling shovels and picks and carry- slides and films throughout the coun- ing away great baskets of earth. This try. Our principal handicap is lack is probably the first time that such of funds."

a thing ever occurred in Chosen, and Dr. Fletcher also writes of his own it was inspiring to see the spirit of hospital in Taiku: "During the year unanimity working in every grade of we have tried to win every non- the staff." Christian patient for Christ. The The Continent. evangelist and Bible woman do not feel that their· duty is ended when Buddhist Opposition they have given these patients the ONE feature of the present condi- Gospel Message. We feel it our duty tion of Christian work in Kyushu to follow up our patients after they according to the Church Missionary leave the hospital, to work and pray Outlook, is the more militant form for them until they are safely within that the Buddhist opposition has as- the Church."

sumed. Sunday-schools and preach- ings have been affected; in many NORTH AMERICA places the number of Sunday-school The First Americans T scholars has decreased, and preachings HE Americian Missionarv Asso- ciation has brought toge{her the have often been disturbed, sometimes with violence. The day of persecu- following facts about the American tion is not over, only the methods have Indian: changed somewhat. A man in Saseho Out of a total of 55,141 families reforced his son into the attitude of prayer before the ancestral tablets, ported to the Indian Office 44,195 Iive but the boy said: "You may force in permanent homes, 29,995 of these me into a praying posture, and I pray; houses having wooden floors, and but not to these tablets; rather to the 10,946 live in tepees, tents, and tem- porary structures. God Who made us and our ancestors. " Including the five civilized tribes Missionary Social Service 298,341 wear modern apparel; 'and 184,968 are citizens of the United THE American missionaries in States. Among the Indians there are Chosen are engaged in many 657 churches, 627 working missionsorts of social reform work. aries, and 106,176 church attendants.

Mr. F. S. Miller has been especially Of 1,873 marriages, 237 were by tribal active in carrying out a temperance custom and 1,636 by legal procedure.

campaign among the farmers' guilds The tribal property belonging to and among the farmers themselves as the Indians is valued at $190,600,152.

they rested from their labors in their The individual property is valued at fields. Addresses were given to the $526,105,350, a total of $716,705,502.

people and anti-tobacco leaflets were During the fiscal year 1921 the

United States Indian Service em- Woman" and on "Oriental Reliployed 12,244 Indians, whose earn- gions. " The place of meeting was a ings were $1,586,141. Private parties club on West 58th Street. Apparently employed 18,079 Indians, at a total the only persons who accepted the incompensation of $2,654,008. vitation to the luncheon were a former missionary to Malaysia, his two daugh- There were 49,962 Indians farming ters and the Secretary of The Moslem for themselves a total of 890,700 acres, World. Other voices were heard which yielded products valued at (evidently belonging to American $11,927,366. Negroes), but the owners did not ap- pear. The Mufti did not give his There were 44,847 Indians engaged scheduled address but claimed in conin stock raising upon 29,098,459 acres versation that he had three or four of grazing land. The value of their hundred Negro converts in Illinois, stock is $33,158,731. Indiana and Missouri. The Detroit Mosque having been abandoned, one Church of All Nations has been opened at 4448 Wabash Avenue, Chicago. The Mufti repre- ONE fruit of the Methodist Cen- sents the Ahmadi sect of Qadian, tenary campaign is to be Seen in India. He seemed to be encouraged the five-story community house of the by the newly formed "Christian- Church of All Nations, recently dedi- Mohammedan Society" in Brooklyn. cated at 9 Second Avenue, New York City. Rev. John R. Henry, who for Catholics Fight the Oregon Law twenty-five years has been at work among the Russians, Italians, and THE law passed by referendum vote Chinese and other races on the East in Oregon which prohibits paro- Side, is the moving spirit of the chial schools will soon be subjected to enterprise. an attack in the courts. The Admin- istrative Committee of the National The auditorium seating 800 will be Catholic Welfare Council which met filled almost nightly by forum gath- at Loyola University in Chicago reet'ings, lectures or motion pictures. cently agreed that the church author- The fourth floor provides a horne for ities of Oregon should have the privithe workers, while on the fifth floor lege of fixing the form of test of repeal is an apartment for the pastor and but that the National Catholic Welhis family. Kindergartens, club fare Council is to have the chief part rooms, domestic science equipment, in developing ways and means of gymnasium and swimming pool- carrying the project through. The there is little to be desired. following is to be found in the official report of the meeting: "Since the A Russian library of over 800 books civil government does not see its way is housed in the new building with a to widen or broaden its system of ele- Russian woman in charge. And the mentary education so a~ to provide Russian painters purpose to give the Christian religious instruction and paintings recently on exhibition at training in harmony with the right the Brooklyn Institute of Fine Arts, and duty of parents towards their to the Church of All Nations to create children, as England, Scotland, Irea Russian art center. land, Belgium, Holland, Germany, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and the Moslems Invade New York Province of Quebec have so well done, the church authorities and people feel AN invitation to a Moslem luncheon bound in conscience to provide such on Sunday, February 4, 1923, was education in their own schools and in received at the offices of the Moslem such schools maintain, in all funda- TVorld. The occasion was announced rcwntal branches of knowledge, civics as "Islamic Day" and after luncheon (at $1.10 a plate) and dinner (at $1.65 a plate), Dr. Mufti Muhammad Sadiq of Chicago, was to speak on "Modernizing of the Mohammedan

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and patriotism, standards equal at days. Dr. J. Lovell Murray writes least to those of the best public of it: " The Movement is still in schools of the country." process of finding itself and the na- tional conference was regarded as a Life Dedication at Moody Institute long step in that process, and also as a visualization of the spirit and aims AFOUNDER'S Week Conference of the new organization, about which was held at the Moody Bible In- there has been much difference of stitute in Chicago February 5-9, opinion throughout Canada. . . . . . 1923, and on Student Day 446 for- The 549 carefully chosen delegates mer students sat down at an alumni were keen, self-reliant, talented types dinner. On Missionary Day, the of Canadian youth. In their number climax, hundreds of young men and were representatives of many forms women offered themselves for foreign of religious opinion, including not missionary service. only Protestant evangelical Chris- tians, but Roman Catholics, Unitar- Addresses were delivered by Dr. ians and Christian Scientists. There Maurice Frater, since 1900 a member were present also representatives of of the John G. Paton Mission to the other nations, including India, China, New Hebrides, and Rev. Charles W. Korea, Japan, Africa, the West Indies, Abel of the London Missionary So- Great Britain and seven countries ciety, who has spent thirty-two years of continental Europe." In connecin evangelizing cannibals in New tion with the student conference there Guinea. Dean James M. Gray asked was also held a convention of Caall missionaries present who were in nadian student volunteers for foreign this country on furlough to rise and missions. Its immediate object was remain standing. Then he asked the settlement of outstanding issues missionaries present who had been affecting the relations of the Student obliged for any reason to give up their Volunteer Movement in Canada with work, to rise; then also, missionary the Student Christian Movement, the candidates under appointment for the Canadian Mission Boards and the field from various mission boards; S. V. M. of North America. then those who had already definitely volunteered for missionary service; Episcopalians Form a Union and finally all others willing to offer themselves unreservedly in full sur- PROTESTANT Episcopal leaders of render to go forth to the dark places national influence recently formed of the earth as God opened the way. in New York a Modern Churchman's Missionaries and candidates under ap- Union of America. The announced pointment numbered about twenty- program includes the following purfive; those who had already volun- poses: "To maintain the right to inteered more than 100, "but," said terpret the historic expressions of our Dr. Frater, "the response to the final faith in accordance with the results of appeal was overpowering." modern science and Biblical scholar- ship; to advance, as an aid to the ulti- Missionaries on the platform esti- mate reunion of Christendom, coopermated the number standing at fully ation and fellowship between the Proone half or more of the entire audi- testant Episcopal Church and other ence, which filled the Institute audi- Protestant churches; to promote a torium to its capacity, about 1,700. new evangelism among the un- churched classes of our population, Canadian Student Conferenee which shall win their allegiance to the religious and moral demands of THE Student Christian Movement the kingdom of God; to further the of Canada, which was organized application of the Christian principles a year and a half ago, taking the in all industrial, social, and internaplace of the Student Y. M. and Y. W. C. A., held its first annual conference in Toronto during the Christmas holi-

tional relations; to promote the adap- "From August to November services tation of the church services to the were held in various Eskimo dwell- needs of the time; to emphasize afresh ings. Early in November two men, the nature of the Christian life as per- Helper Abia Green and Isaac Saksa- sonal fellowship with God, and to riak, willingly gave up their houses to study with sympathy those move- provide a place for worship during ments and tendencies of thought the coming winter. As the two houses which are mystical in character." stood in a line and close together, they Record of Christian Work. were united by free labor and gifts, and fitted out with the benches, etc., Christian Strategy in Utah saved, thus providing a good big room SOME who know the situation affirm for services. On the first Sunday in that the great hope of evangeliz- Advent we held the first service thereing the great Mormon state of Utah in, and on Christmas Eve we had 170 lies in the work of Westminster Col- Inuit seated therein. All the cuslege at Salt Lake City. "The Mor- tomary services have been carried on mon Church," to quote an editorial in in English and Eskimo. On October The Continent, "is not to be fought 23, 1921, Holy Communion was obwith fire." A college is the great in- served in an Eskimo dwelling, when strument for dissemination of en- forty-s.ix Inuit partook, packed in one lightenment. Westminster College Eskimo house. The wine cups had has the cooperation of all the Prot- been destroyed, but we managed by estant denominations in Utah. Six using the vessel for baptism. "

denominations support the college by gifts and students and the Boards of Cooperation in Alaska Education of each of these six are DENOlVIINATIONAL cooperation considering the support of a professor is a great help to missionary each in Westminster College. It is work as is evidenced by the formation the most striking example in America of the " Associated Evangelical of interdenominational cooperation in Churches of Alaska." The superin- Christian education. There are less tendent of one denomination in the than 10,000 Protestant church mem- territory sums up as follows the conbers in the state with not more than a ditions needing remedy: "As a whole, dozen self-supporting churches. A missionary investments in Alaska have force so small and financially so weak not accomplished what they might and is utterly unable to support and up- could accomplish if sectarian propabuild this strategic enterprise. The ganda could be submerged in a co- Mormons spend $500,000 on their operative prooess of Kingdom buildchurch education. Westminster Col- ing. The effective ministers in lege, in cooperation with the Presby- Alaska are earnest men and the people terian General Board of Education, is would rally to a guaranteed single seeking $750,000 for land, buildings, church for each town program. This equipment, endowment, and expenses. is as fine a field for home missionary Moravians in Labrador demonstration of unity as China is for the foreign workers. If a practical A FTER the terrible fire in August, federation of churches in Alaska were 1921, which completely destroyed worked out in the priMiple of one all the property of the Moravian mis- church with a resident pastor for each sion among the Eskimo at Nain in place, and only one until that church Labrador, the missionaries endured all was self-supporting, a new spirit sorts of personal hardships. The way would be put into the ministers I have in which they managed, nevertheless, met."

to maintain the work of the mission The Home Missions Councils' Com- is told in the following quotation from mittee on Comity and Cooperation The Moraviarn,: which has called into being the

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Associated Evangelical Churches of Indians of the South American high- Alaska, with its Central Committee, lands are settled agriculturists, and says that "All phases of missionary are the mainstay industrially of their work in Alaska are under the care of country, since almost all the manual that organization." labor is performed by them. Individu- ally they are men and women of LATIN AMERICA sturdy character with, in proportion to their dim enlightenment, high Protestant Centenary in Brazil moral standards. They make the staunchest Christians and will be- SEPTEMBER 7th is the national come the best of apostles to their own day of Brazil, on which the nation race. Canadian Baptists are now celebrates the gaining of its freedom carrying on a successful mission from Portugal in 1822. The centen- among them. nial celebration conducted on September 7, 1922, in connection with the Peru and the Vatican Exposition in Rio Janeiro was a great national festival, and the part which ABLOW at religious liberty in evangelical Christians took in it is of Peru is seen in the proposed conspecial interest to REVIEW readers. cordat between the Vatican and the The Protestants of Rio de· Janeiro, Government of Peru. By the terms of about two thousand in all, gathered in this compact, "the Roman Catholic a large public park, the Prada da Apostolic Church" would be recog- Republica, to celebrate and to wor- nized as the state religion of Peru and ship. They gave thanks, not only for would have full liberty and independthe liberation and independence of ence, without intervention of the civil their nation from the monarchical rule government, to use its spiritual auof Portugal, but also for the liberation thority and in conformity with its of their minds and souls from super- own laws exert the "ecclesiastical stition and sin. For two hours men, jurisdiction that belongs to it." In women, and children stood as they no official center of learning could listened attentively to addresses and doctrines opposed to the Catholic retook part in the songs. The celebra- ligion be taught and there would be tion closed with the singing of the obligatory courses in religion for national air, and as the people swore those who profess Catholicism. One allegiance to their country and their article of the concordat would grant flag, their waving handkerchiefs made the Catholic Church the right to deone vast, rippling sea of white. cide concerning the validity of mar- riage contracts. In the preamble it The Indians of Bolivia is frankly stated that the committee drawing up the concordat wishes the T HE population of Bolivia is esti- Roman Catholic Church to enjoy mated at 2,800,000, composed of more privileges and rights in Peru a half million whites, the same number than it did even during the last years of mestizos, and the remainder In- of the Spanish rule. dians. The Indians of Bolivia are nominally Roman Catholics, but their The Continent. ideas are fundamentally pagan and their customs and practices almost A New Thing in Colombia totally so. They have received from contact with European civilization ARECENT evangelistic campaign little more than its vices and its super- in Colombia is described in the stitions. It is true that in the center Latin American Evangelist in the folof their altars is the image of the Vir- lowing terms: gin Mary, but concerning her they know little, some being in doubt, when "Evangelists, missionaries, believasked, as to whether she was the ers, theatre-owners and managers, and mother of Joseph or of Jesus. These the public, in general have just one testimony to give of what God has

been doing in Colombia during the pathetic support of the Czecho-Slovak past three months. 'We have never Church, which has just been excomseen anything like it before,' is the municated by Rome. Swiss Catholicuniversal witness. Great crowds ism and married priests also are supgather together-the usual kind of porting the movement."

moving picture crowd-smoking, talk- The Converted Catholic. ing, laughing, and then at a word from the cOl1ferencisia heads uncover, Scotch Missionary Campaign 1 cigars are thrown away, and a strange 'HE Glasgow Missionary Congress last October, noted in the January hush falls over the gathering as, they settle down to listen abs,orbed to the REVJEW, Was a part of a great mismost wonderful story they have ever sionary campaign in which the Scotch in all their lives heard, the story of a churches had been united for nearly Living Saviour who loves them a~d two years. Under "the unflagging who wants to save them from the gUilt leadership" of Dr. Donald Fraser, and power of sin. No one moves ex- ',' Campaign fortnights" have been cept it be to wipe away the tears that conducted in Aberdeen, Dundee and trickle down some faces, as the Edinburgh and many other centers preacher reas,ons of sin, of righteous- have been visited. The program for ness, and of judgment to come. The this visitation is planned through the Holy Spirit is speaking to many first wcek in May. The Life of Faith hearts in the deep stillness which comments: "Throughout its short holds these vast audiences. For it was history the movement has been acnot in one place only these scenes were companied by unexampled enthuwitnessed-the experience was almost siasm, interest and blessing. The general wherever the evangelists Scottish churches have been brought went." closer together. The evangelistic, ' as well as the missionary, aspect of the EUROPE Christian message has made itself French Priests Marrying deeply felt. There has been a general APARIS despatch to the New York warming of the spiritual atmos- Herald in December reported the phere. " orgauization of "the New French National Catholic Church," and the Protestants in Ireland T selection of Abbe Maxime Ardot, a HE following letter of a Dublin correspondent of the Christian married priest, as its bishop. The despatch says that there are several Irishman regarding the position of thousand married priests in France, Protestant Episcopalians in Southern and that an assembly of some three Ireland tells its own tale :-" One very hundred of these will shortly conse- serious faator of the trouble in Ire- crate Abbe Ardot as Bishop. It is land since the Treaty was signed has stated that the first chapel edifice is been the expropriation of Protestants being prepared in which "the mar- in considerable numbers. In certain ried priests who have been prohibited areas this has been so serious that we by the Vatican from celebrating mass are informed that, in at least one and other rituals will carryon Cath- parish, not a single Protestant has olic doctrines on the apostolic basis as been left. Old gentry families have in the Roman Church, but will no been given a few hours to leave their longer recognize the Pope's dicta as houses, which have been looted and final. "This movement by married' burned. Farmers have been turned priests now has become international out of their farms, and shopkeepers and undoubtedly will spread to the in the country towns robbed and ex- United States,'" said Abbe Ardot. pelled from their business. Protestant "The Bishop of Prague sent con- churches have been burned down, and gratulations and pl!edged the sym- in Dublin one was entered by armed

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

men who destroyed the organ by rifle plications in all places at each service, fire and did other damage….. The and we hope next summer to have position of the Church of Ireland ill even a greater evangelistic campaign these unhappy circumstances is one than we had during the past summer. of great difficulty and danger." Our Bible Training School opened the first of October. The total en- Need in German Churches rollment in all depj.rtments is 319. The number taking full theological GERMAN churches are hard put to course for preparation for the min- exist, according to ,letters and istry is twelve. The spirit of the appeals for aid that are being received student body is fine, and I doubt if by the Federal Council of Churches. any institution in Europe has a better Religious leaders in Germany declare corps of instructors for the type of that the churches are going down in work we want done." a general crash unless help comes. They speak of religious awakenings Baptists in Europe among the young men and young women and declare that the churches I N the year 1800, there were no Bapare unable to meet the opportunity. tist churches on the mainland of They tell of aged pastors starving to Europe. Fifty years later, there were death and of others begging for old about 4,000 members. In 1900, the clothes. Many of the clergy and their number had grown to 220,000 and families, they declare, are starving today the Baptists are estimated at without letting anybody know it. Dr. over 1,250,000. The evangelical move- A. W. Schreiber of the German Evan- ment is comparatively slow in such gelical Church Federation, one of the lands as Austria, Bavaria, Italy, religious leaders of Germany best France and Spain but it is much more known in this country, writes : rapid in Scandinavia, Russia, Ru- "Every budget has been upset, every mania and Czecho-Slovakia. In enterprise for help has fallen short, Sweden, there are 70,000 Baptists; in all of the independent works of char- Esthonia and Latvia, there is a r,apid ity are near collapse, the' leading growth of the Baptist Church and in boards are paralyzed, the institutions Czecho-Slovakia and Hungary, the of mercy for old people and children progress is stHl more remarkable. are without funds, our youth has lost Religious statistics are difficult to seits guides and our old people walk cure from Russia but in one city in without support, the evangelical press southern Russia more were baptized lies at death's door…… The situa- recently on a single day than on the tion iEi so extreme that the evangelical day of Pentecost. It is estimated that churches of Crermany must look to the there are now over 1,000,000 evan- Protestant churches abroad for help gelical Christians in Russia. with prayers and with practical aid by works of love. " DR. J. H. RusHBRooK in Home and Foreign Fields.

Bible Study in Prague Methodists and the Soviet REV. J. L. NEILL, President of the T HE MethGdist EpiscGpal Church Bible Training School at Prague, has appointed a delegation conreports in the The Missionary Voice: sisting of Bishop Edgar Blake of "Our work moves forward with un- Paris; Bishop John L. Nuelson, of abated success. Our. main effort this Zurich; Bishop Anton Bast, of Copenwinter will be to strengthen the posi- hagen, and the Rev. W. B. Beautions we have already taken. Classes champ, Secretary of Foreign Work, to are being organized in all the con- confer with representatives of the. gregations and definite instructions Russian Church regarding its appeal given to all applicants for church for "assistance in reestablishing the membership. Weare having new ap- standard of Christ in Russia." Rev.

6

Dr. Joseph B. Ringeley, Secretary- "nationalisti" and even to some Emeritus of the Methodist General young men belonging to the Catholic Conference, states that the invitation club who came in to see me expecting was given with the approval of the to frighten me so that I would never Soviet Government. come again to Lubraco. I spoke Christian Wark makes an interest- seriously and with great charity to ing comment on the possible implica- them and when they left they shook tions of such action: "One of the hands and each accepted a New Testa- cardinal objects of the Soviet is to ment and promised to read it with break the power of the Orthodox attention. I went back to Lubraco Church. It has already fostered a last week and was able to go across split in the Church. It feels sure that the vilIage.alone and unprotected.

only a portion of the Russian clergy They were so surprised to see me alone would ever accept any connection with that thev looked after me wonder- Rome, and therefore it would aid ingly. It is almost impossible to get Roman pretensions and secure an- a hall to rent because the priests for- other split. On the same basis, it will bid it. Those who talk about Roman- be ready, no doubt, to welcome Amer- ism, knowing it only through a few ican denominations. May the Amer- who are often half Protestants should ican Churches have a higher aim than come to Lubraco and to thousands of that of Rome. May they, instead of other places in Italy or Spain or desiring additional power and num- France or Austria, to see what is done bers, sounding statistics, be interested and said by priests with the appro- only in the development of real, prac- bation of the Vatican. Anonymous tising Christianity in Russia. In short, letters, inspired by the priest, promise may they be Christians enough to for- .1eath and destruction if the people get themselves as they approach receive again the Protestant pastor.

Russia. " This is true Romanism, which must be Waldenaian Work in ltollle intolerant in order to be real Roman- ism! We feel more and more the W ALDENSIAN work in Rome is absolute necessity of our work in Italy. going on satisfactorily in spite of God is with m; and the people are kept a strong campaign against it by Ro- in ignorance by the priests. We must man Catholic authorities who attack Protestants and their work. make them free by giving them the Gospel of liberty." In Rome the attacks only served to attract more people to the service·s MOSLEM LANDS to see and hear those "horrible Prot- Christian Schools in Turkey A estants." In the country where the T a gathering called by the Fed- eral Council in New York City population is more ignorant and almost completely in the hands of the February 7th, Secretary James h priests, the effect was more serious. Barton of the American Board re- A correspondent writes: ported on llis experiences at the "When I went with a divinity stu- Lausanne Conference. The policy dent to Lubraco on the first of Jan- which he suggests for the missions is uary we were received by the to work in hehalf of the Turks as well population (excited by the priests) as for the nominal Christian popula- with shouts and insults, and the police tion left in Asia Minor.

and the fascisti had much to do to Henry Morgenthau, former Min- protect us against hundreds of people. ister to Turkey, held that America As a result I had to spend a rather should refuse to make any treaty with unusual New Year's day in the police Turkey under present circumstances.

station with people shouting outside. He discounted the professed willing- But I had thus a very good opportun- ness of the Turks to support American ity of explaining the Gospel to the education in their own territory and authorities of the "fascisH" and said that information had come to him

1923J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

that already the Turks have notified "His Majesty, the King of 'Iraq Robert College at Constantinople of agrees to frame an organic law for the conditions under which the in- presentation to the Constituent Asstitution will be permHted to continue its work. Mr. Morgenthau declared sembly of 'Iraq. * * * This organic that the stipulations are so rigid as to reduce the college to the status of a law shall insure to all complete freepurely Turkish school, working on an dom of conscience and the free exer- Oriental plane of education. cise of all forms of worship, subject only to the maintenance of public Kemal and Mohammed order and morals. It shall provide that no discrimination of any kind A s a by-product of their reports of shall be made between the inhabitants the Lausanne Conference may be of 'Iraq on the ground of race, reregarded the articles which the news- ligion or language, and shall secure papers have been carrying about that the right of each community to Mustapha Kemal and his views. One maintain its own schools for the eduitem tells how, when he was speaking cation of its own members in its own at Brousa, a man in the audience de- language, while conforming to such manded to know whether the proposed educational requirements of a general statues to national heroes were not in nature as the Government of 'Iraq contravention of the Islamic law. may impose, shall not be denied or Kemal replied in the negative. "Since impaired. the prophet founded our faith," he Wsahid~n"shoemweas1,3te0a0chyienagrshhisavperinpacRipsleeds. " AR~'rcLE XII. No measure shall be idolatry was still in existence, and it taken in 'Iraq to obstruct or interwas necessary, at the time, to correct fere with missionary enterprise or disthis tendency by forbidding stat- criminate against any missionary on uary." Kemal went on to say that it the ground of his religious belief or wa~ impossible that idolatry should nationality, provided that such enterreturn, and asserted that all civilized prise is not prejudicial to public order peoples should erect statues and culti- and good government. " vate the art of sculpture, inasmuch as a nation without art had no place in AFRICA the world of progress. Another describes the impressions of some news- A Teacher's Devotion paper reporters who were entertained at afternoon tea by Kemal and his MANY a native worker in mission wife both of whom expressed various lands feels the urgency of his opinions which would certainly have calling in a way that we hardly realastonished Mohammed. The New York ize at home, and says with Paul, Times raises the question of how thin "Necessity is laid upon me." Such Kemal's "veneer of civilization" may an one is an African teacher in the Kenya Colony, who a few years ago prove to be. was the painted and feathered tribal retainer of the local chief. When Missions in 'Iraq told by the missionary in charge of the district about the deficit in the ON Oetober 1b0~tw1e9e2n2, a treaty was funds of the Church Missionary So- concluded Great Br itain ciety, he said: "Sir, if I don't receive one'cent for my work, 1'11 never give and the king of 'Iraq (Mesopotamia). up teaching. Do you think I can let my people live in darkness while I This is of considerable importance to have the light ~"

those interested in Christian missions Starting a Second Century since in a definitely Mohammedan As a part of .the cente.nnial c~le­ bration of Its foundmg, WhIch slitagiteo~sunfdreeerdBomritiissh mandate, full re- was referred to in the January RE- guaranteed. Ar- VIEW, the Paris Evangelical Mission- ticles HI and VIII of the treaty read in part as follows:

ary Society is planning for new work Other members include Principal in Africa. Kerr of the South African Native Col- During the World War, the French lege, Rev. John Lennox of the U. F.

Government asked the Board to take C. Mission Council in South Africa, over the work done by the German and representatives of women's. work, missionary societies in. the Camez:oon; of the native Presbyterian Church, some young missionaries who, at the and of the alumni body, both Euro- time had had to leave their mission pean and native.

fields to fight in the trenches, were -South African Outlook.

demobilized by order of the G()vel'llment and the Society sent them to the GENERAL Cameroon. At the present hour the The Greatest World ReligiOD T Board has to consider a proposal of HE National Geographic Society reports that there are more than increasing its activity in West Africa, some doors being opened in Togoland, ten times as many non-Christians in French Guinea, and Dahomey. The the world today as there are people task is a great one for a society which in the United States. The followers represents a body of not more than of Jesus Christ throughout the world 600,000 Protestants in France and however, number 576,000,000. These perhaps another 100,000 of French constitute the largest group of fol- speaking Swiss Protestants, and on the lowers of anyone faith. Confucian- occasion of its hundredth Jubilee, the ism and Taoism number more than Board has asked the home Christians 300,000,000 of the world's peoples.

to make a special effort and to provide The followers of the Prophet Moham- a sum sufficient to allow it to consider med, numbering more than 227,000,- the possibility of extending its activity 000, stand next in order among the to those new fields. The native Chris- largest religious sects. Hinduism tians of all the Society's fields have prevails over India and numbers in been asked also to join in this sub- its fold more than twice as many peo· scription. pIe as there are in the United States.

-South African Outlook. One important religious group which for thousands of years has held a New Plana for Lovedale prominent part on the world's stage, ONE of the great names in educa- is the Jews, which number only tional missions has been that of 14,000,000. There are nearly 200,- Lovedale, the institution in South 000,000 animists, found for the most Africa established by Scotch mission- part in Africa, the islands and Malayaries in 1841.- This honored school sia.

has recently taken a new step in evolving its organization and policy. Some Jewish Statistics T Under a constitution, approved by the HE Jewish Year Book for 1923 reports the present total number of United Free Church of Scotland to which the Institution belongs, and em- Jews in the world as 15,400,000. This bodying safeguards of control for the is a conservative estimate; others run Church, whereby the missionary char- as high as 17,000,000. A writer in the acter of the work is fully conserved, American Israelite calls the increase the administering of Lovedale has in number of Jews phenomenal. He passed over from its late Education says that in 1790 the total was 3,000,- Board, an entirely internal body, to 000; in 1881 it was 7,500,000; in a Council, largely external and repre- 1914 it was 14,000,000; and now, sentative of South Africa. On this eight years later, it is certainly over 15,000,000.. "Whereas the European rCeopurnecsiel~tetdhethUronuiognh Government is population increased during the cor- the Native Affairs Department and the Cape Edu- responding period only threefold. Jewish expansion has been fivefold." cation Department.

MISSIONAllY

The Missionary Heroes of Africa. By J. IJake Nyasa and at Kikuyu; and he H. Morrison, M. A. Map, 267 pp. New is always the "Pathfinder" of his York. George H. Doran Co. $1.50 net. eighty-foot monument on the Lovedale 1922. kopje. Laws is colossal, and appears even more versatile than Cyrus Ham- The author's personal knowledge lin of Turkey. Mackay of Uganda of Afriea and its missionaries enables shows himself "the great Spirit" of him to· combine picturesque back- Lake Victoria, and he is a true ·Chr.isground, strenuous deeds, and ap~­ tian as well. George Grenfell carrIes tolic accomplishment in a very satIs- us on board the" Peace" in his wonfactory way. He expresses doubt .as derful explorations of the Congo, to whether the nine heroes here PIC- I'ather of waters, and as he patheti~­ tured most fairly represent the large ally fights the Belgian rubber atrocIcompany of worthies who have made ties octopus. Coillard flits from Centhat continent their land of desIre rral- France to Basutoland and then and later their grave-with the ex- onward to Northern Rhodesia, where ception of Dr. Laws who is still hale he alights and allures savage Barotsi and able in his seventy-first year. to the love of Christ. The final actor …'erhaps jJames Hogg, "Master- on the scene is Mary Slesaor, the facbuilder of the Nile, " and Fred Arnot, tory lassie who, in Old Calabar, beapostle of Garenganze, might have came" the white queen of Okoyang," been substituted-but for whom 1-or and then fell asleep and lies in Misadded; but no one will question the sion Hill cemetery, Dukestown-a worthiness of these·" mighties. " miracle of physical endurance and lovin" devotion to Africa's sons and Mr. Morrison prefixes a chapter on daughters. As the curtain falls, w,e the continent as it was before the eannot forbear to say to Mr. MorrIcoming of the missionaries; though son, "An excellent piece of work; it is too fragmentary to supply the thank you I" reader with anything like an adequate view of the Dark Continent as it was and is. His dismissal of religion as almost wholly fetichistic is not true African Adventurers. By Jean Kenyon to all the facts, as Nassau, Dennett, Mackenzie. TIlus. 12mo. 182 pp. Roscoe and Junod would claim. $1.25 net. Geo. H. Doran Co., New York. 1922. But the author's main object is attainf'd remarkably well, especially Already many are familiar with considering space limitations. Mof- these stories about the children of fatt lacks, almost, his Mary; and West Africa and the influences of Africaner awakens an appetite for Christian missions upon them. The still more. Jjj vingstone. trom Blan- " adventurers" are missionaries, chief t.yre mill to the dual graves at. Chi- of whom in Miss Mackenzie's charmtambo's village and Westmmster ing volume was David Livingstone, Abbey, is altogether too heroic for whose story as told by an African thirty-five pages, finely as the au~hor bov will especially delight and inspire has painted the canvas. Too httle children of the "teen age."

known John Mackenzie here proves At the Master's Feet. By Sadhu Sundar his right to be called "missionary statesman" " and his deeply spirl.tua1 Singh. Pamphlet. Christian Literature life and love for the Saviour are not Society for India, London. 1922. f obscured thereby. "Stewart of Love- These .ex.periences and messages 0d the ChrIstIan Sadhu are !r~nslate oale" appears in due perspective at from the Urdu. There are VISIOns and 825

parables, Oriental in imagery and to put on an attractive and effective style, but simple and spiritual in their program in the interests of the world's teaching. Many of the truths have lepers. There is a program outlined been given in addresses in Europe and on the subject: "The Church in America and any Christian should be United Action for the Lepers of the blessed by reading these revelations on World," and with it are four leaflets God's presence, prayer, service and giving well prepared material for four suffering that have deeply affected the talks on their alleviation, segregation, Sadhu's own life. evangelization and final eradication. A map and pictures add interest and The Inevitable Book. By Lynn Harold vividness to the presentation. Other Hough, 12mo. 160 pp. $1.25. The leaflets issued by this interdenomina- Abingdon Press, New York. 1922. tional society give thrilling stories of the work. In a simple way, the author describes how various types of people The Gospel and the Plow. By Sam Higwere influenced by the vital truths of ginbottom. 12mo. 146 pp. The Macthe Bible. The stories of a criminal, millan Co., New YOlk 1921. a soldier, a salesman, a business man, and others may not be life histories The romance and the reality of misbut they give a true picture of how sions in India are here set forth in a thoughtful men and women are story of the relation of the Christian strengthened by reading the "Inevi- message to the need of the poverty table Book." stricken farmers of India. Mr. Hig- ginbottom has already made many in Topsy's Da·y. By D. Y. Batley. Booklet. America and in .India see the vision Society for Promoting Christian Knowl- of future greatness for these people, edge, London. 1922. if Christianity and practical farming go hand in hand. The story of his A simple story told by a Bengali work at Allahabad and in the native girl to describe a day in her life in a states is fascinating and encouraging. mission in India.

The WonderlRl1d of India. By Helen M. 1. W. Thinks Black. By J. S. Stowell. Rockey and Harold B. Hunting. IHus. II1us. 12mo. 179 pp. 75c. Methodist 12mo. 126 pp. 65 cents (cloth), 50 Book Concern, Cincinnati, Ohio. 1922. cents (paper). Missionary Education Movement, New York. 1922. The race problem in America is re- ceiving very serious attention and the These short chapters for children Negro is the Home Mission study give facts and incidents relating to topic for this year. In the form of a everyday life and work in India. story centering around J. W. (short They are more adapted to thoughtful for John Wesley Farwell, Jr., a ficchildren than to those that wish to be titious character), Mr. Stowell deentertained for they tell of play and seribes the work of the Methodist school, of missionary healing and Board of Education for the Negroes the evangelistic. work. The stories of in the South and gives much help- Sita, of Henry Dutta, of the profes- ful, general information. The story sional thugs, the Christian Sadhu and is well told and will create sympathy others will impress older children but for the Negro in America. some of the facts and incidents of the book fail to grasp the child's view- NEW BOOKS point. Knights of Healing.. M,..,.,H. Debenham. 63 Program for Leper Mission Meetings. Pre- pared by Wm. M. Danner, Secretary of pp. 9a. S. P. G. Lon,don. 1922. the American Mission to Lepers, New York. Five leaflets. 20 cents. 1922. Myths and Legends of China. E. T. C. Werner. Illustrated. 454 pp. 258. Here is an excellent set of leaflets Harrap, London. 1922. that will enable any church or society Secret Sects of Syria and the Lebanon. Bernard H. Springett. 351 pp. 128, 6d. Allen & Unwin. London. 1922.

(Concluded on 3d cover page.)

J UIIIIlIIlIIIIIIIIII.I •••• I … '.III'lllIllflUllllllllllllllllll11111I11111.IIIIU1J;!

S§ Every Church and Bible Sehool § REV. WILJ.IAM IMBRIE, D.D., bas now re- ~ should begin making preparations § tired after fort.y-seven years in Japan, forty NOW for the beautiiul and effective ~ of whieh have been under the Presbyterian Board as a professor in the Union Theo- :~ Ad$tm., ! : logical Seminary in Tokyo. Japanese Pres- byterians adopted resolutions expressing $OQ,M$t$ their cordial appreciation of his" invalnable , ~E'rvi('e.' To Make O.bers Happy A Special Program For A REV. MAR.K C. HAYl'ORD, founder of an in- (lependent Baptist. mission in the Gold Coast ~ of West Africa, is in Amedca seeking an ~,~m~ endowment of $500,000 for educational work . •A very In.buctive pqeam which can be presented by any BISHOP LOGAN H. ROOTS. of the American Bible School to brine 81ftS and Episcopal Mission, has returned to China the beau""ul me….e of Christ after furlough and will take np his duties tothe Rlultitude olnttl. children ns one of the full-time secretaries of the and un.aved men and women Xational Christian Council of China.

th~ wide seas.

BISHOP TUOKER, of Kyoto, Japan who is now iu America, has been offered the chair of pastoral theology in the Virginia Sem- inary at Alexandria. The health of his fam- ily makes it impossible for bim to return to Japan.

§Originally presented to a crowded house DR. S. K. DATTA, well·known as one of the younger Christian leaders in India, was Eby Buena Memorial PresbyteJ:ian Church unanimously elected president of the All- Eof Chicago. Hundreds were turned away India Christian Conference at its last ses- Ebeing unable to gain admittance. sion.

-liIUI •• I •• lll1lllln •• IIIIJIIIIII'"IIIII1IIII,nlllllllllllllllUIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIJlII!l NEW BOOKS l'I<OFKSSO:' SHUSHI Hsu, who is now tak- ing his doetm's degree at Columbia Uni- (Concluaea from page 326.) versity, New York City, is to return to China as a representative of Princeton at Buddhism in the Modern World. K. .1. Pek;ng University. Saunder". 83 pp. 3s. S. P. C. K. London. ] 922. REV. S. B. ROHOLD, who has been engaged in work for the Landau Jews Society among Answers to a Jewish Enquirer. Theodore the Jews at Haifa, Palestine, is to return Ratisbonne. 48 pp. 6a. Catholic Truth to the L'nited States this spring au fur· Society. London. 1920. lough.

The War Against Opium. The Intel'll>!- Ho:'1. JUST10E J. J. :MAOLAREN, of Tor- tional Anti·Opium Association. Peking. onto, Canada, has been elected President of Map. 250 pp. 4…. Tientsin Press. the World's Sunday School Association, suc- Tientsin, China. 1922. ('eeding the late .Tohn Wanamaker.

Bishop James W. Bashford. Pastor, Edu- DR. ~W. G. LA:«DES, General Secretary of eator. George R. Grose. III us. $2.00. the World's Sunday School Association has Met.hodist Book Camel'll. Xcw York. been spendiug three months in Europe, meet- 1922. ing with Sunday-school leaders in the vari- ons countries and preparing for the coming Kenry Martyn: Confessor of th~ Faith. Sunday-school convention in Edinburgh.

Const.ance E. Padwick. . 302 Pl" 58. MISSES SUSIE MEEK, ELLA. DELORIA AND Student Christi"n Movement. LOlHloll. RUTH MUSKRAT are the three college·trained Indian secretaries of tbe National Board of 1922. Y. W. C. A. The Eeloved Physician and Oth"rs. Edited REV. ARTHUR J. BROWN, D.D., is President by J. Peill. Illns. 159 pp. Is. London of the American section of the international Missionary Society. London. 1922. committee appointed at Geneva in 1920 to call a conference of Christian Churches in The Making of Modern Japan. .r. H. Gub- 1925.

bins. 316 pp. 2ls-. Seeley, Sen·ice. London. ] 922. The Priest and His Disciples. Kuratil Hya kuzo. 'Pranslated by Glenn W. Shaw. 246 pp. Y 2.50. Kyo Bun Kwan. Tokyo.

1922. China Today Throu!!'h Chinese Eyes. T. T.

Lew, Hu Shill, Y. Y. Tsu and C. Y. Cbeng. 144 pp. 2.•, 6a.. Student Christian Move- ment. London. 1922.

Pleal'lC" mention THE MISSlONARY RJtVl1tw oIt 'l'Ht WORLD in writing to advertisers.

Dispel Darkness in Moslem Lands?

MARTIN LUTHER in the Wartburg prison threw an ink pot at the devil to put him to rout. But he accomplished his purpose most effectively by translating the B ible into German, so that it could'be printed and scattered broadcast.

Use printer's inkto dispel darkness. ==== The Ubiquitous Miss;otlary Lives long on 'very little. I n terests in s pite of opposition. Teaches patiently and effecti vely. E nters many closed doors. Reaches all classes, e verywhere. A [g ues cou rteously a n d con vi n cin g ly. Triumphs o ve r prejudice. U selu l to aU missiona ries. R epeats the message often . E ffective in winning converts.

USE THE PRINTED PAGE I{< You Can Help Gi'Ye the Gospel Message to 10 million Chinese Moslems. 40 million Malay Moslems. 6 0 million Indian Moslem s. ] 0 millio n P e rsia n Moslem s. ]0 million S y rian Mosle ms. 20 million Tu rkish M oslem s. 15 m in io n E gyptian and Sudanese Moslt>nlS 6 million Ara bian M osle m s. 20 Mi llio n N ort h African M oslems.

$25,000 IS NEEDED THIS YEAR FOR THIS WORK I{< WILL YOU HELP?

Eac h copy of th e G ospel in prillt is a shaft of light penetrating some dark corn er. E ach C hristian leaRet may reach m any minds and hea rts and m ay transform m any lives. .

T he American Christian Literature Society for Moslems sends th ese m issionaries in type all o ver th e iv10slem world , cooperating with Ch rist ian workers alreadr in the fiel ds.

R ev. lVilliam r. Chamberlain. Ph .D .. Prt.'.?I(/,n t R e v. Y. n. And ersoll. D.D. Mrs. 'i lliam Ban croft H ill Uda 'an L. Pierson , Fust Vice Prt'sidcnt H.c:'. James L . n arton . 1I.D. ~1r'3. De la' an L. Pierson Hobert E. Speer. Second Vice Presidna Rc' , Frank Ma ~on Xorth. n.n . Mr!' . Finl<l.Y J . Shepard :'[ iss Anna A. Milligan, R C'cordl1!J.[S('CYtllllY n.n. Rc ', Charl e~ R . E rn ma n. F ennell I', Turner :'lrs. "illiam non..l cn R EV. S. M . Z VJo::VIER, D.D ., FOIfIl.ler {Uld Fie!.l :',wdat:f IVrile for !l1jrn-llIatioll to M rs. J ames M. Montgom ~ry, Sec rl'tarr, P. O . Box ~~S , City H all Station, New York C itr o Make checks payable to M rs . E. E. Olcott, Treasurer, 322 Vest 75 th Stred, :-iew York Ci ty.

As th is societ y has no salaried (" x("(' uti,'e officer:;, all o f you I' co ntrib u tio n g(U~' :' direc tl y to t he work.

Ple ase m ention THE MISSIONARY R EVIEW OF THE W onLD in writ in g to ad·erti~ers.

The Missionary Review of the World — September 1921

XLIV NUMBER

SEPTEMBER, 1921 CHRISTIANITY'S IMPRESSION ·ON JAPAN D. B. SCHNEDER THE PRESENT SITUATION IN JAPAN PAUL M. KANAMORI CHRISTIANITY IN KOREA TODAY W. A. NOBLE ARCHIBALD McLEAN, A BELOVED DISCIPLE JOHN G. MeGAVRAN CHRIST'S PROGRAM AT CLIFTON SPRINGS HENRIETTA M. HYSLOP THE WAY OUT OF THE PRESENT EMERGENCY JAMES H. FRANKLIN $2.50 A YEAR . 25 CENTS A COl'Y • !

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Fifth Avenue, 34th and 33d Streets, New York Montgomery Ward &Co. I Don't You MISSIONARY BUREAU Know Something Chicago, U. S. A. I interesting-some item of mission- ary news that would interest has made a specialty.of s!;rvice. to_Mis- others? sionaries in foreign lands for over 25 years. Our Missionary Bureau will glad- Have You ly furnish information, and assist you in assembling, packing, and .shjpping your Photographs overseas equipment. You save money by taking advantage of our low carload I illustrating some home or foreign freight rates. Before planning your missionary work or events which overseas outfitting write for our MIS- you feel would interest Missionary SIONARY CIRCULAR and large Review readers. CATALOGUE of general merchandise $1.00 Will Be Paid sent free with PRICES GREATLY REDUCED for each news item and photo- graph accepted by the Review. Prices are reduced on nearly all lines. The senders of photographs will On many items our 1921 prices are more' '. be given credit for those published. than one-third below 1920 catalogue Unused photos will be returned prices. Our catalogue will give you the on request. Send now to lowest prices obtainable on high quality merchandise.

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our merchandise . Missionary Review ofth~·World Anywhere in the World. 156 Fifth Ave., 'New York Pleasp. mentIon Tut MISSWNARY Rsvutw OF THJt WORLD 1n writing to advertisers. THE MISSIONARY Review of the World DELAVAN L PIERSON, Editor CONTENTS FOR SEPTEMBER, 1921 Page FRONTISPIECE ……………………… W,ND DEVIL, NIKKO TEMPLE, JAPAN EDITORIAL COMMENT ………………………..•……………..•…. 605 ARE THERE ANY CHRISTIAN XATJONS OAUSES OF THE REVIVAL IN KOREA THE BI'BLE IN THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS STUDENT WORK IN AUSTRIA INVESTIGATING THE OITlES PROGRESS IN DUTCH M,SSIONS THE JEWS IN PALESTINE MODERN MOVEMENT AMONG HINDU WOMEN O.FIRISTIANITY'S JMPRESSION ON JAPAN., …………… D. B. SCHNEDF.R 675 Some interesting facts that reveal the influence of Christian missions on Japanese leaders and institutions.

THE PRESENT SITUATION IN JAPAN ……………… PAUL M. KANAMORI 682 The views of one of the best known Japanese Christians as to some of the signs of the times. and the attitude of modem Japanese toward ChristianUy.

CHRISTIANITY IN KOREA TODAY ……………………… W. A. NOBLE 685 An 'Up-ta·date statement af the effect of Japanese persecution on Korean Chris- tians, and the large results af the present evangelistic movement.

ARCHIBALD McLEAN, A BELOVED DISCIPLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J. G. MCGAVRAN 691 The life story of 0'118 of the leading missianary advooates of the day, and the latc President of the United Christian Missianary Society, a man who has left his mark on his generation.

OHRIS'l"S PROGRAM AT OLIFTON SPRINGS ……•… HENRIETTA M. HYSLOP 695 Rich gleanings from the gathering of aver one hundred missianaries and mission· ary officers at a recent meeting of the International Missionary Union.

THE WAY OUT OF THE PRESENT EMERGENCy …….. JAMES H. FRANKLIN 707 An address delivered at the International Missionary Union, giving the t'iewpoint of one of the leading miss'ionary statesmen of Amerioa.

A MEDLEY OF SUMMER CONFERENCE METHODS …….. MRS. E. C. CRONK 711 WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN . . . . . . EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN 719 NEWS FROM MANY LANDS ……………………………………….. 724 THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY ……. , ……. , ……………. ,………… 737 TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, 25 cents. Published Monthly. Copyrighted, 1921, by Missionary Review Publishing Company, Inc. All rights reserved. Entered as second-class matter at the Post Office at Harrisburg, Pa., under the Act of March 3, 1879.

THE MISSIONARY RI>VIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, Inc.

Robert E. Speer, President Frank 1,. Brown, Vice-President Delavan 1,. Pierson, Secretary Walter McDougall, Treasurer Publication office, 3d & Reily Sts., Harrisburg. Pa. Editorial and Business Office, 156 Pifth Avenue, 2SC. • copy $2.50 a year New York City.

• ..,tend … oecond-cIaso matter at the Post Office Harr••burll:. Pa., under Act of Marcil 3, 1879• Capyrirhted, I,al A REAL SURPRISE in BIBLE STUDY NE"" AND ENTIRELV DIFFERENT No lIIOI'8 waatiog of time and energy with concordances and other hooks.

All the helps necessary for practJcallIible study in one convenient volume. ::ie!texplanatory. Contains a unique, easy reference system. No ligures In text. Has a wonderful Text Cyclopedia containing many new and striking helpful features not to be found in any other book. Best Bible students agree that this Is the very Bible that has been needed for years becauseit Is so practical. Savestimeand labor.

NO SEARClllNC FOI REFERENCES AND HELPS RaPId~ taking the place ofalJ other Bibles. Used and g::a~~B.~~:.:..en~~J.~~!~o~~1 otbers. Let us prove our claims by those who use Ihis Bible. Send for descriptive booklet and Auaranlee offer. B. B. KIRKBRIDE BIBLE CO., Dept.> W Indianapolis, Indiana MISSIONARY PERSONALS REV. STEPHEN VAN R. TROWBRIDGE, REV. E. l'.'I. POTEAT, D.D., until re- Sunday-school Secretary for Moslem cently one of the secretaries of the lands, is in the United States on fur- Baptist Board of Promotion, will lough after an unusually difficult spend a year in China, teaching and term. While carrying on the regular preaching. Sunday-school work, he has assisted in relief work, first at Port Said and l1Rs. GEORGE W. COLEMAN, first later in Palestine, where he held the Vice-President of the Woman's office of. major in the British Army. American Baptist Home Mission So- ciety, has recently been elected Presi- REV. MILLS J. TAYLOR, Associate dent of that organization. Secretary of the United Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, sailed DR. "J. LOVELL MURRAY, Education- August 15th to visit the stations of al Secretary of the Student Volunteer that Board in Egypt, the Sudan and Movement, has accepted the position India. of Director of the Canada School of Missions, which is to be formed in REV. ERNEST W. RIGGS, President Toronto through the cooperation of of Euphrates College at Harpoot, Tur- the foreign mission Boards, women's key, has been called to be Associate societies, and five denominational theo- Secretary of the American Board in logical seminaries in Toronto. Boston. MR. JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER, JR., will REV. GEORGE T. B. DAVIS, interna- attend the dedication of the Peking tional secretary of the Pocket Testa- Union Medical College, erected by the ment League, plans to devote three China Medical Board of the Rocke- -years to travel in dillerent parts of the feller Foundation. Among other trusworld in an endeavor to promote a re- tees of the College who will attend are vival of Bible reading. Mr. Davis, Dr. James L. Barton, and Dr. George with his mother, eighty-five years of E. Vmcent, President of the Foundaage, and Dr. G. C. Cossar of Scotland, tion. has gone first to Australia. TED MUMBY, star wrestler on the REV. GEORGE S. MCCUNE, Principal University of Indiana team, will go to of the Presbyterian Boys' Academy at Lucknow, India, as a professor in the Syenchun, Korea, has been elected as Methodist College. President of Huron College at Huron, South Dakota, and has taken up his MRS. FRED B. FISHER, wife of duties there. Bishop Fisher of the Methodist Mis- sion in India, died at Darjeeling on June 9, from influenza.

OF THE OLD THINGS PASSING AWAY IN

This is one nf the objects connected with worsh ip at the great Nikko Temple. Japan. As o1d things 1>ass away. will the new things of Christ replace them?

MISSIONARY

EVIEW~ VOL. SEPTEMBER, 1921 NUMBER XLIV NINE ARE THERE ANY CHRISTIAN NA'1'IONS?

W HAT makes a Christian nation ~ Are there any with a right to the name? Beyond dispute there are non-Christian na- tions-those in which the rulers and the majority of the people do not recognize Christ as the revelation of God or the prineipleR of Christ as the law of life.

But are there anv Christian nations? Great Britain has an "established" Christian ·Church. America recognizes God in law courts, requires the reading of the Bible in public schools of some States, professes to follow the main teachings of Christ in the laws of the land and in dealings with other nations. Abyssinia, Greece, Roumania, Bulgaria and some Latin American countries recognize a close union of Church and State. But do any of these things constitute a Christian nation or a Godly nation ~ The evidences of a Christian are harmony with God as revealed in Christ and acknowledgment of His supreme authority. God's character is revealed in the fact that" He so loved the world that He gave Himself for' it." Do nations today show Godliness by giving as Christ gave1 Great Britain gave herself to save France and Belgium, and America gave freely of her men and money to save Europe and the world from ruthless and barbarous militarism. Was this giving incidental or characteristic, was it self-interest or was it selfsacrificing? Is the United States of America justly accused of loving Mexico-not the Mexicans-for the oil and the mines that are there, while not ready to show a sacrificial love for Syria or Armenia f Is it true that a mandate might cost too much? Does Great Britain love Mesopotamia because there is oil there, and South Africa because of the diamond and gold mines, while she does not love Armenia beGQuRE' only poor Armenians are to be saved there?

665

Nations and individuals need to accept God's estimate of values and to follow Christ in their spirit of sacrifice. Will nations ever insist that men in authority manifest truly Christian principles and express Christian ideals in their dealings with other peoples ~ No nation and no man is truly fit to govern if ruled by materialism and self-interest. India and Ireland, Cuba and the Philippines would welcome a government that unselfishly devotes its knowledge and resources, as Jesus Christ used His wisdom and power to save.

THE BIBLE IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS B y the Constitution of the United States, Church and State must be kept under separate controL The Church is not taxed for the State, nor is the State called upon to support the Church. The State does not control the appointments and utterances of the Church, nor does the Church dictate the legislation and appointments of the State.

This does not mean, however, that the State is to be irreligious, or even non-Christian; or that State institutions shall disregard the laws of God or the religious education of youth. The United States of America was, on the contrary, founded as a Christian nation, with Christian ideals and institutions. No late comers by immigTation, birth or training should be allowed to deprive coming generations of their Christian birthright-education and opportunity-in harmony with the laws of God and teaching of .Jesus Christ.

The place of the Bible in the public schools has been a mooted question, but it is those who would trar down ideals and existing institutions who would relegate the Bible to oblivion. In many states the reading of the Bible in the public schools is required, but it is done in such a manner by non-Christian teachers that the benefit is lost. It is possible, however, to make the religious education of children both delightful and profitable, and the Bible may carry its own message if read intelligently and reverently.

From Texas comes an interesting illustration of what may be done by a man of Christian character and energy. Mr. G. A. F. Parker, President of the 'Western National Bank of Hereford, Texasj tithes his income and endeavors to put. his money where it will do the most good. Some years ago he decided to try to get the Bible into the schools of Hereford. He interested others and they succeeded in starting a Bible course with the result that today Bible study is elective in the High School, but in the grammar schools all students are required to take it. In the High School there are two forty-five minute periods a week for Bible study, and of a total attendance of about 250, sixty-five are enrolled in these classes. The pupils are given examinations on the Bible every two months, as they are examined in other subjects.

EDITORIAL COMMENT

In the grammar schools there are two twenty-minute Bible classes a week. The children are taught the books of the Bible by divisions, memorize four or five Psalms in a year, and a great many verses, with their locations. They are given an outline on the way of salvation, memorizing the verses that go with each step. They are encouraged to study at home, and those who cannot read are told to ask their parents to read to them and to locate memory verses; a means of interesting the parents also.

After Mr. Parker had supported this work for a year, the churches asked for the. privilege of supporting it and are now doing so. The superintendent of schools reports an improvement in the disciplip.e of the schools since the children began to study the Bible, adding that he would never again superintend a school where he could not get the Bible into it.

Why should not other cities and towns accomplish similar re- suIts ~ INVESTIGATING THE CITIES SOCIAL surveys have become the fashion. They are valuable in disclosing facts but unfortunately many of these facts are never used as the basis for action by social and religious forces. The expenditure of money and effort is justified only by the practi- cal use made of the surveys. One of these now in progress in Cleve- land, Ohio, is overhauling the police department, the criminal courts, the penal institutions and is stUdying the bearing of politics on the criminal situation. It is said to be the first investigation of the kind undertaken in any American City. . Dean Roscoe Pound, of the Harvard Law School, is working in cooperation with Professor Felix Frankfurter, Raymond Fosdick of New York, Reginald Heber Smith of Boston, and other experts who are backed by the Cleveland Foundation with adequate funds and prestige.

Albert Sidney Gregg', in describing this survey in the Christian Ende'avor World, says that during the past year there have been a succession of daring hold-ups and robberies, mostly to steal pay- rolls, with numerous murders and assaults, culminating in a murder in which Chief Justice McGannon, of tJte municipal courts, himself, WIS implicated. Police say the judges are to blame for the mis- ca.rriage of justice in many instances because they fix low bail for men with criminal records. The judges charge that the police fail to get sufficient evidence to convict or to hold the accused men for the grand jury. It is common to hear certain lawyers and politicians mentioned as "crooks," and yet their critics know that nothing can be done with them, for they are careful to "keep within the law." For instance, a lawyer showed to Mr. Gregg his book with a retainer of three hUlldred dollars and explained," The man who gave me that retainer came

in as a total stranger. He announced that he had been told thatJ was 'safe.' Then he stated that he expected to operate as a 'second story' man in East Cleveland, and wanted to retain my professional services in advance. If he was caught within three weeks, it was my duty to handle his case. If I was not called upon in that time, the money was mine without any further obligation. Now what can you do about it1 I don't know that the man was a house-breaker. I only know he said he was one. You can't do anything to me, because you are unable to prove that the man who retained me actually stole anything. I never saw him again, and you can't find him. Even if you could, he would not talk. So there you are. "

Dean Pound and his fellow workers have been going through the records to locate friction and lost motion in the judicial machine. How far they will go in running down individual offenders who have been tampering with the machinery is a matter of conjecture.Including all city and county officials, relations and parasites, they must deal with a small army of fifteen or twenty thousand men and women who are bound together by a common love for their jobs, party fealty, and fear of the "higher ups." 'While the investigators have no power to compel the attendance of witnesses or to examine them under oath, they can demand the official records.

Civic forces are being massed in the Civic Welfare Council to earry out any recommendation that the investigators may make. The State legislature is in session, and several lawmakers are pushing bills to make it harder for habitual criminals to get out of penal institutions after serving a few years, and to take up "lost motion" at other points.

Investigations are expensive and necessary from a govprnmental point of view, but no permanent reforms can be looked for until men's hearts are changed and they are brought into right relation to God.

CAUSES OF THE REVIVAL IN KOREA I N SPITE of persecution-perchance in part because of it- Christianity continues to progress in Korea. In this number of the REVIEW a missionary describes the wonderful forward movement in the Presbyterian chwches. Other missions also report a decided awakening of interest in Christianity or at least a general eagerness to hear the Gospel message. The Korean Mission Field contains the following encouraging statement: "Last summpr reports of great meetings in Pyeng Yang, with something like Olle thousand' decisions' sounded like a dream or fairy tale to those ill the ('xtreme south of the peninsula. But last fall we went from church to church and saw gathered crowds numbering from one-third to four and five times the usual congregation; and noted representativps of the best classes,-the wealthy, the old Chi-

EDITORIAL COMMENT

nese scholar or the modern school teacher, substantial citizens or progressive young men and school boys.

"In Pulkyo-a large and important center where we have never been able to get a foothold-a near-by church rented a large tile-roofed building and packed it to overflowing three or four nights-in fact almost half the crowd could not get in, and the leading citizens of the community w,ere there long before time to begin. On the third night, when decisions were called for by passing slips of paper-30 men, 30 schoolboys and 30 women, a total of ninety, gave in their names as wanting to 'believe.'

,'In another village an uneducated but zealous brother began gathering congregations three months ago, and today they have a congregation of from sixty to eighty in a building for which they have paid yen 90, with more borrowed on the best land mortgages and the seals of a dozen substantial citizens of the village.

"A third village was visited by a native preaching band, and the wealthiest and most prominent citizen, with four or five others, de- cided to accept Ohrist and has been attending a near by church ever since. Several other villages report similar results and churches that had almost been abandoned as dead are reported as flourishing.

Ohristians that have been expelled from the roll are returning and preaching with an amazing zeal. " .

The cause of this mass movement seems to be the desire of the Koreans for some power and comfort that must be found in some source outside of themselves and their Japanese rulers. The first tide toward the Ohristian Ohurch seems to have come many years ago from a desire for knowledge and a sense of poverty; the second mass movement came in 1907 largely from a hope for freedom from Japan's domination by closer union with foreign Ohristians. When this political hope failed to be fulfilled there was a falling away. Today the religious awakening seems to be due to a sense of spiritual need, and a conviction that the great desideratum and hope for betterment is a closer fellowship with God. The Koreans see in Christians an element of courage and power that is lacking in others. Christian standards are recognized as right and Ohristian education produces strong, patriotic, useful men and women.

The Koreans are realizing more and more that while the missionaries will not promote political agitation or endorse rebellion against constituted authority, nevertheless Ohristian teachings foster the spirit of liberty and enlightenment, and give power to the weak.

. STUDENT WORK IN AUSTRIA BEFORE the war the Austro-Hungarian empire had a popula- tion of about forty-five million. Now Austria has only about six million people, half of whom live in and near Vienna. The .Austrians believe that their only hope of survival is to become a province of Germany, otherwise they believe that economic ruin will overtake them. There are three princip;al political parties: (1). The German National party which is anti-Semitic and has as its main object union with Germany. It is not monarchical, but favors a republican form of government. (2) The Clerical Christ- lich Soziale party, which is monarchical and against political union with Germany. This party was in favor of the war whereas, the German National party was opposed to the war. This is also anti- Semitic. (3) The Social Democratic party, which favors union with Germany and a republican form of government. PoliticaJlly its members have the same platform as the independent Social Democrats of Germany. Both this party and the German National party are anti-clerical, though not anti-Christian. The largest are the second and third parties which take turns' in the government. At present the clerical party is in power. The German National party is strongest in the provinciai towns. The clerical party has its strength among the peasants, while the Social Democrats are found chiefly in Vienna and other industrial centers.

In the universities the same three parties exist, but the strongest is the German National party. Jewish students have also a party in the universities. In the University of Vienna there are 11,000 'students, half of. whom are Jews. The higher institutions of learning enroll 21,000 students in Vienna, of whom about 5,000 are foreign students.

Recently Robert P. Wilder,. the secretary of the Student Volunteer Movement of North America, has been conducting meetings for students in Central Europe. The Y, M. C. A. placed a hostel at the disposal of the Christian Student Union of Vienna which has about 200 students in touch with it. The secretary of the Student Christian Union has secured the names of 200 students who expressed their interest in the Christian Student Movement and hopes that most of them may enter Bible groups.

There is a great need for student relief. A daily breakfast is being served to 6,500 students of whom 3,900 are in ViennfL; also 600 are receiving evening meals. It is said that eighty per cent of the students in Austria have an income below the existence minimum. During the past winter sixty per cent could not study in their lodgings because of neither light nor heat.

Mr. Wilder also attended a leaders' conference in Sonntagberg where there were forty delegates from Greece, Jugo-Slavia, Bul-

EDITORIAL COMMENT

garia, Roumania, Hungary, Czecho-Sloyakia, Poland and Austria, including also a few speakers from Switzerland, England and America. There were discussions on such topics as ethical problems, relation to the Church, personal work and prayer, finance, social service in connection with Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A. hostels; and Bible study. Already there are eyidcmces of the far-reaching effects of this conference which might be repeated each year in order to win students to Christ and train them for service as leaders and for the healing of the nations.

PROGRESS IN DUTCH MISSIONS T HERE are about two million Roman Catholics in the Nether- lands. They are represented in foreign mission fields, princi- pally in the Dutch East Indies, by 2,300 workers, 1,000 of them women. In America for twenty-five million Protestant church members the same proportion of missionaries (1* per thousand) 'would mean an army of 28,050 American foreign missionaries in place of 11,000.

Holland Catholics are not less zealous in home mission efforts, for the Dominicans are at present holding "missions" in many places to acquaint the nominal Protestants and others with Catholicism. Many places in Dutch political life are occupied by Roman Catholics, including the Premier, the speaker of the Second Chamber and members of the State Council and the higher courts. The slogan of some of the most zealous" Ultramontanes" is to bring the Netherlands once more under the Papacy. Orthodox Protestants of Holland should become more zealous in their evangelistic labors, for there seems to be no Protestant Home Mission organization of national scope. This work is left to local societies, so that comity and cooperation are unknown. Even the evangelical national Church has been unable to amalgamate their various" societies," although they have a union Training School near Leyden. Four differ.ent societies have adoptedthe N ederlandsch Zendingsblad as their organ. Another encouraging sign in the direction of cooperation is the fact that last year at l'I1odjo 'Varno, Java, a conference was held of all the orthodox Protestant workers engaged in mission work on that island. Matters of common interest were discussed in a fraternal manner, such as the organization of the native churches, exchange of church letters and the maintaining of the mission schools. Recent legislation of the Dutch Parliament has placed the schools maintained by Roman Catholics and orthodox Protestants on a parity with the public schools. As a result, mission schools in Dutch possessions receive subsidies, but Missions find it a burden to increase their income sufficiently to meet the demands of the government as to equipment, buildings and salaries.

Dutch giving for missionary purposes is not up to the level of American Christianity. Among the "gifts" fm:: missions we not only read of half-penny contributions but also of donations of canceled postage stamps and old tea-lead. One of the smaller missionary monthlies is still called "Het Penningske," and calls for contributions of one cent per week (about one-fifth of an American cent). Fortunately things are changing in the missionary activities of the Reformed Churches of the Netherlands.

THE JEWS IN NEW PALESTINE Z IONISTS estimate that the Jews are retnrning to Palestine at the rate of 60,000 a year. Rev. S. B. Rohold, formerly of Toronto and now of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Palestine, writes that eight hundred Zionists ':Halutzim" or Pioneers, arrived in one week. The place seems filled with these young men and women. They are idealists, many of them being highly educated, university graduates, doctors· of law and philosophy. They are working in Palestine as common laborers, at four shillings a day, building new highways, breaking stones, sleeping in the fieJih; Ht night-all for love of Zion. The leaders estimate that fifty per cent of these Halutzim will die of hardship and disease, but they are ready to make the sacrifice. They are singing again the songs of Zion and are learning again to use the Hebrew tongue.

These young Jews are open to the Gospel message,. for they are looking toward the future. The British Jews Society has opened a "Mount Carmel Bible School" where English, Arabic and Hebrew are taught. The school is located near the reputed "Grotto of Elijah," and is the center for evangelistic work. Bible training and tract distribution. Haifa is proving to be, says Mr. Rohold, an ideal center for Christian work for Hebrews. The question is: if these young Hebrews are idealists, can a Christian missionary reach them ~ There is a great opportunity if missionaries do not meddle with politics, or take sides in the disputes of the different communities. The Zionists are not bigots, and not materialists, but they are possessed with a spiritual longing and an open mind. They have lost faith in the old rabbinical traditions, but they have not lost respect for things sacred, as is the case with young British and American Jews.

The country is empty of Hebrew literature. The New Testament is welcomed, and they gladly pay for a copy. This gives a living point of contact with the Zionist-Halutzim.

Besides the fine Bible School on the slope of Mount Carmel there is a reading room in the heart of the old city of Haifa. Here come all classes of people as well as all nationalities, and engage in interesting discussions on the ~fessiahship of Jesus Christ.

EDITORIAL OOMMENT

The Government recognizes three official languages: English, Arabic and Hebrew. All notices, proclamations and ordinances are printed in these three languages. In the courts all three are used. None of the Halutzim will speak any language but Hebrew. They seem to despise Yiddish, but wish to know English and Arabic. The Bible is the only textbook in the school. The assistant is a gifted man, a native Christian, and has been asked to teach in one of the leading J ewislt schools, although he is known to be a Christian mis- sionary.

The medical work will prove a great boon to the poor people, especially the women and children. The great need is for a Chris- tian nurse. Visits will be made from time to time to the neighbor- ing colonies, villages and small cities, with particular attention to the Halutzim who are working on the road making.

The lot of the Jew who returns to his own land is not an easy one. In addition to poverty and hard work he meets persecution from .Moslems and Christians who oppose his return. Some of the inhabitants have taken to wearing crosses and painting the symbol on their doors in order that they might not b2 mistaken for Hebrews. So bitter has been the opposition that following the fatal affray b:>tween Jews and Arabs in Jaffa immigration was temporarily suspended.

There is a deep seated antagonism on the part of the Arabs to any effort to realize the hopes of Zionism. The third Arab Palestine Congress, held at Haifa, sent a protest to the British Government against making Palestine a Jewish national home. In reply, Sir Herbert Samuel has issued a statement to the effect that it is not the British intention to create a Jewish commonwealth in Palestine, but only to open the land to those who seek there a home and a refuge. This declaration has caused some dismay in Zionist circles, and there is a split in the Zionist camp between those who wish to make Palestine a national home and those who only seek to unite and help Jews, 'irrespective of their abode. In the meantime, in spite of the antagon- isms and the scheming of m, en, the plans of God are being worked out.

MODERN MOVEMENTS AMONG HINDU WOMEN I NDIA, the land of child marriage, of enforced widowhood, of the purdah, of the degraded temple devotees, of the suttee-this land is witnessing an awakening of womanhood to larger lJrivileges and responsibilities. Mrs. L. P. Larson read a paper at a recent meeting of the Bangalore Missionary Conference in which she mentioned seven Hindu women's associations in Bombay, four in Bangalore and many in other cities. A few years ago a deputation of Indian women called on the viceroy to ask for educational facilities for girls equal to those provided for boys. There are today many women leaders who are graduates of universities and are masters of

both English and the vernacular, as well as others who know only their native tongue. There are Hindus, Parsis, Moslems, Christians and .Jews, but ao; a rule the Parsis and Christians are the best educated and are the forward moving Hpirits in reforms. The widow of .Jus- tice Ranade of Bombay, is doing much to improve the condition of her less fortu~ate sisters.

The Poona Seva Sadan society is one of the most successful of Hindu women's organizations. The objects of the society are: To educate women by means of regular classes and institutions started to impart instruction of a religious, literary, scientific, medi- cal and industrial character, and to teach them the principles of first aid, hygiene, sanitation and domestic economy.

To widen the range of women's knowledge by means of starting libraries, organizing lectures, issuing publications, books, magazines, etc., etc., and by undertaking tours, excursions and other popular methods of education.

To enable women to participate intelligently in all domestic, social and national responsibilities, and to inculcate in their minds principles of self-reliance and mutual helpfulness.

To train women to render, in a patriotic spirit, educational and philanthropic service to the motherland, i. e. their brothers and sis- ters, especially in backward areas, and also especially on occasions of wide-spread public calamities.

To help in the promotion of national work, in all these and sim- ilar ways, for the social, material and educational uplift of Indian women.

Further, "The Society, as a body, shall keep itself aloof from all political, religious and sectional controvBrsies and shall carryon its work, which is mainly educational, social, charitable, etc., etc., on stridly law abiding and non-sectarian lines; so as to faithfully follow its mottoes, which are: "One at COTe, if not in creed," and" Life is a trust for loving and self-sacrificing service.

This work of the Poona women includes hostels for girls and widows with classes suited to their needs; as well as for married women. Though many classes are represented, Brahmans pre- dominate and all have Brahman food and observe the ordinary home life of Brahmans. Nearly 900 women are regularly taught, many of them wholly at the expense of the school.

There is great need for more Christian work among the women of India to prevent the leadership from falling into the hands of those 'who are modern but who have not Christian motives and standards. Few women missionaries come into contact with the better educated and the higher caste Hindu women in their homes. There is there- fore need for the best type of education, through Christian schools and colleges, for those women who seek the training that will fit them for leadership~

Christianity's Impression on

REV. D. B. SCHNEDER, D.D., SENDAI, JAPAN For thirty·three years a Missionary of the Reformed Chllreh in the United States and President of the North Japan College JAPAN has by this time become a strong and virile nation. She has a stable and efficient government, an able judiciary, and an excel- lent police system. Life and property are as safe as in America. She has a fine educational system that effectively reaches 98 per cent of her children of school age, and places facilities for the various forms of vocational and other higher education up to university grade, within reach of a large proportion of her young people who are able to avail themselves of it. Japan is rapidly becoming one of the most literate nations of the world. Her postal, telegraph, railroad and other means of communication are well developed, her industries are growing by leaps and bounds, and her commerce now extends over the whole world. Japan was also one of the five great powers that surrounded the Peace Table at Paris.

What impression is Christianity making upon this rising nation' Christian missionary work has now been carried on in Japan for over half a century; what results are there to show for it, and what are the prospects of the ultimate success of Christianity in this leading 675

nation of the OrienU It is one of the largest questions of modern history. Not since her entrance into the Roman Empire in the fourth century has Christianity faced anyone proposition so great as this.

In the first place, Christianity has grown up with modern Japan and has become extensively interwoven with her very life.

In Japan's modern political life Christianity has been a distinct factor. Marquis Okuma, one of the most prominent of the makers of the modern political history of Japan, was a pupil of the famous mission- ary Verbeck, and his intimate friend. The making of Sunday the of- ficial weekly holiday, whi.ch is making such a vast difference in the history of Japan, was brought about by Christian influence. When the question of putting into the constitution of the land a guarantee of religious liberty hung in the balance, the efforts of a number of Christian men, Japanese and others, turned the scale. In the national House of Representatives during the thirty years of its existence there have always been from ten to fifteen Christian men, and they have always been prominent. The first speaker, Mr. Nakajima, was a Christian, baptized by Dr. J. P. Moore of our Reformed Mission. Two other Christian men, Kataoka and Shimada, have been speakers, the former elected four successive times, and greatly esteemed. Some men, like Shimada, Nemoto and Ebara have been members con- tinuously from the very beginning. Shimada has stood as the great champion of liberal and progressive ideas in government, of every form of social reform and amelioration, and, in recent months of the League of Nations Covenant. Nemoto during all these years has been fighting intemperance and social immorality, and by sheer persistence has succeeded in having important legislation placed upon the statute books. Ebara, long a member of the lower house, was elevated several years ago by direct nomination by the emperor to the House of Peers. This simple, straightforward, fearless Chris- tian old man has stood consistently for the best things. I once spoke about him to a Sendai member of Parliament, himself a Buddhist – who belongs to the same party, and he said, "Oh yes, we of my party all respect him; he is like a pastor to us."

Again, in Japan's educational history Christianity has played its part. Many of the early educational ideas, ideals and aspirations of the nation were inspired by the great missionaries of that time, such as Verbeck, Brown and Hepburn. Verbeck helped to plan the institution out of which the present great imperial university has grown, and was a professor in it. A great Christian educator from America, David Murray, was specially employed by the government to be the expert assistant in planning the national educational system. The great Christian mission schools, like the Doshisha, the Meiji Gakuin and the Aoyama Gakuin, exerted a great influence upon the national education. Remarkably influential have the Christian girls' schools been. Up to about twenty years ago any education above the

CHRISTIANITY'S IMPRESSION ON JAPAN

elementary grade was considered unnecessary for girls. But largely through the results shown by the Ohristian girls' schools the gov- ernment and people woke up to the value of higher education for women, and now in every province throughout the empire there are from Olle to fiye schools for the higher education of girls. At the commencement of one of the Christian girls' schools in Sendai a governor saiu some years ago, "You have shown us the way. By your excellent schools you have revealed to us the benefit that our homes and our nation will derive from the higher education of our girls, and now we too are establishing higher schools for our girls."

In social reform and philanthropic activity Christianity has been by far the dominant factor in modern Japan. There is much of this kind of work in Japan now, but the leadership in it all has been practically all Ohristian. The temperance movement, the op- position to licensed prostitution, rescue work among fallen women, orphanages, homes for discharged prisoners, leper asylums, and I'eHef measures in times of famine, flood or earthquake disaster have all been started by Ohristians and are still mainly led and sustained by them. Many of the works of philanthropy are now being imitated by the Buddhists, and still more the central government and pro- vincial and municipal governments have begun to take up systematic relief and social welfare work on a large' scale, but the people they look to mainly to carry out these measures are Ohristian men and . Womeu. In the bureau of eleemosynary work of the Department of Home Affairs in the government the majority of the leading officials are Ohristians, some of them like Tomioka, veterans in this kind of servICe.

In literature, finally, the influence of Christianity has also been undoubtedly profound. Some of the most famous writers like To- kutomi and Nitobe have been Christians and some of the most widely read novels like "Ichijiku" have been what may be called Ohristian novels. The reading of Tolstoi has been phenomenal, and the extent to which this has affected Japan's own output of literature cannot be estimated. The literature of the feudal age in Japan was permeated through and through with Buddhism; a high authority has said that the spirit of the literature of new Japan is predominantly Christian. Of course it must be recognized that the realistic, naturalistic literature of continental Europe has in recent years affected Japanese literature greatly, but that does not negate the fact that Christianity has supplanted Buddhism in Japanese literature and is today a very great infiur1nce.

CHRISTIANITY A REAL FACTOR.

In the second place, in the Japan of today Christianity is a.great and real factor in the life of the nation. For example, in the city of Sendai, there are to be found Mr. Yabunchi, an official who ranks

with the governor, and who is a sincere, simple-hearted Christian, ever faithful to his church; Mr. Suzuki, who for twenty years has been editor of the largest newspaper in North Japan, and stands for Christian principles straight through; Prof. Majima, hpad of the department of chpmistry in the Imperial University, and a scientist of the first rank, who is a humble, devout, earnest Christian. '1'here are five Christian men on the staff of the Imperial University in Sendai and there are half a dozen physicians, several lawyers, some prominent business men, and there is a group of very influential Christian women, among them two wives of members of Parliament, who are making themselves decidedly felt in the life of the city.

Some years ago there was appointed to Sendai a governor who had been known to be hostile to Chris- tianity, but in Sendai he has taken an attitude of friendliness, and even helpfulness to the Chris- tian cause.

In the capital city, Tokyo, there are strong Christian forces at work. There is, for example, the church of Rev. Mr. Uyemura, one of the leading Christian workers in Japan. That congre- gation of some seven or eight hundred members is as healthy, sincpre and virile a congregation of Christian people as can be found anywhere. In its member- ship are included members of Parliament, prominent lawyers A SHINTO RELIGIOUS LEADER and physicians, university pro- fessors, wealthy merchants, and many other people that go to make up an ideal church. Every . Sunday the church is filled with a congregation of people listening eagerly to a simple Biblical sermon. Is such a church not a factor in the life of the great city7 Or take the Conncil' of Federated Churches. This is a body of leading pastors who not only deliberate about church affairs, but who fearlessly express themselves about national and international affairs. They are a factor that has to be reckoned 'with by government authorities. The Y. M. C. A. work and the work of the Salvation Army are making a distinct impression npon the life of the city. In the furtherance of principles of demo('T'ucy and brotherhood strong Christian men are making themselves power- fully Jelt. In this respect the man now most conspicuous is Profes- sor Yoshino of the Tokyo Imperial University, converted to Chris- tianity some twenty years ago in Sendai through a Bible class for

CHRISTIANITY'S IMPRESSION ON JAPAN

government college students. There is probably no man in Japan today that has a wider hearing than he. He is concerned not only about national but also about international affairs. No other man's voice is so loved for a just and h~lpful attitude toward China and Korea, and so determined against militarism, aggression and op- pression. There are many Christian men on the staffs of the daily newspapers of Tokyo, the managing editor of one of the largest one's being a former student of North Japan College. The present Premier, Mr. Bara, was baptized a Christian when a youth, and the wife of the present minister of foreign affairs, Mrs. Uchida, is a graduate of a Christian girls' school and a very earriest Christian. 'rhe Japanese ambas- ·sador to the Court of St. James is a Christian. Much has been heard about the atrocities perpetrated by the Japanese authorities upon the Koreans, in the effort to put down their independence movement. Last year a new governor-general, Baron Saito,was appointed, with the idea that reforms should be made. On the evening before he left for his new post he at his own request had an hour's conference with a .Japan missionary, and in Korea after that he had frequent conferences with Korean missionaries, and although all abuses are not yet corrected, it is unani- mously conceded that the new DR. NITOBE-A CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS governor-general is sincerely do- . LEADER ing his best to give the Koreans a good, humane government. And what is the secret of it1 Is it not at least in part because he has a Christian wife, a graduate of a Christian girls' schooB In all Japan's international relations Chris- tians figure and have their influence.

The total number of baptized Christians in Japan, all toM, is yet less than a quarter of a million, out of a population of sixty millions. But far beyond what would be indicated by mere numbers the influence of Christianity is profound and wide-spread. A prominent Tokyo pastor recently said that when once the number of Christians r eaches one million it will dominate Japan. This reassuring result is not due solely to the direct work of mlSSlOns; Christian influences have been entering Japan in many ways-through intercourse with Christian nations, through the edn-

cation of Japanese young men in Christian countries, through the inflow of Christian literature, and in many other ways. Then in addition, quite early in the history of modern Japan, several gronps (If virile young samurai became Ch!,istian converts. One group sprang up in Kumamoto in the extreme southwest, through the Christian (1arnestness of a Captain James, a teacher of English in a government school. Another group originated in Yokohama under the influence of Dr. Brown of the Dutch Reformed Mission, and another group under the leadership of Dr. Clark, employed by the government for six months to start the agricultural college of Sapporo. From these groups came such Japanese Christian leaders as Kozaki, Ebina, Harada, Uyemura, Ibuka, Honda, Nitobe, Sato and a number of others. These men rather than the missionaries have been the con– spicuous, able and virile leaders of Japanese Christianity during the past thirty years. It is a remarkable phenomenon in the history of mISSIOns.

For over thirty years now the Miyagi Girls' School has been giving Japanese girls l} higher education, and at the same time transforming their lives. Practically all go out as Christian converts, but in addition to this their ideals of human life, their ideals of the home and of society at large, are made entirely new. These girls are now becoming scattered more and more especially over North Japan. Everywhere they are a new influence. Everywhere their children become raised in a new way. It is a remarkable work. Finally, the Nortll Japan College, now having a history of thirty-foul' years and 'a sfudent body of 625 young men, has been transforming young lives and instilling into them Christian principles and Christian ideals. There is now scarcely any place of importance in all North Japan where North Japan College graduates or former students can not be found, and everywhere, like the young women, they are a new leaven. In Tokyo also they are gradually rising into prominence. And in Korea, Manchuria, in China and in America they are found, everywhere living what they learned through the patient, systematic training of North Japan College.

What can be said of the Reformed Church work can be said of the other missionary work that is going on in this rising empire of the East. Christianity will triumph in Japan. "Other foundations ('an no man lay." It is the one way of salvation for Japan. This is not only the conviction of the missionaries; it is also the firm conviction of the Japanese Christians, and it is for this reason that many of them work so earnestly and feel so much responsibility. But more than this, many of the thinking people of Japan who are not Christians are coming to the same conclusion. Some years ago aman by the name of Tokonami was sent to America and Europe to study the moral foundations of these Western countries. After a careful study he returned to his country and reported that that which is at the

CHRISTIANITY'S IMPRESSION ON JAPAN

basis of all that is good in these countries is the Christian religion. The public addresses which he made and the book which he wrote made a profound impression upon the thought of Japan. Last fall two delegates that returned from the Labor Conference at Washington made a similar report. Japan has been trying various things. She has tried science; she has tried a revival of Confucianism and of Shintoism, and she has tried nationalism. But the thinking people of the nation are coming to realize more and more that all these things are foundations of sand, and that Japan needs Christ for the true development of her national life.

Finally, however, one thing must be remembered. The way of winning Japan for Christ is the way of the Cross. Japan must ba shown the heart of Christ. A young girl of our Sendai Girls' School was ill with tuberculosis last spring. Her missionary teacher and friend visited her several times daily, disregarding the remonstrances of her fellow-laborers. For months this continued, but at last the girl died a death strangely happy because of the devotion of her missionary friend. She had seen the heart of Christ through her friend. There is a Japanese professor in the North Japan College who in addition to teaching his classes has three large group meetings of students each week, teaches a large Bible class every morning, teaches Christian morals in the post office school twice a month, teaches the Bible twice a month to two groups of Imperial University professors and students, has students and others coming to him constantly for personal conference, writes letters of encouragement to the Japanese evangelists in the field, and has written one of the best selling books for the Christian Literature Society of Japan. Some one said to him recently, "Mr. K. you are burning yourself out." "Oh, that's all right," he said; "if I burn myself out, that's all right. " That is the way, and it is worth while. We admired the noble devotion of those who went across the seas to stake their lives that wa'r might come to an end and that the world might be safe for humanity. But the inbringing of Japan and the Orient into the Kingdom of God is a mightier enterprise even than that, more fraught with blessing to humanity. At the conclusion of Bishop Bashford's great book on China, written in the year 1918, he says, "Today we are in the welter of the great war; tomorrow will be the time of reconstruction; and the day after will be the struggle between the white and the yellow man. But if we of Christian America are faithful to the trust that is committed to us, if the work of Christian missions is pushed in Japan and China, as it can well be by highly favored America, that 'struggle' will be only a generous rivalry between the people of the Caucasian and Mongolian races in the great work of establishing God"'s Kingdom UpOll earth."

Present Situation In

BY REV. PAUL M. KANAMORI, TOKYO, JAPAN Author of "The Three Hour Sermon," Etc.

M ILITARISTIO Japan is opposed to Ohristianity. There are, however, many officers of the army and navy, as well as pri- vate soldiers, who are Christians. They are not persecuted, and often Ohristian officers hold positions of high trust in military circles. Japanese officials are not, as a rule, opposed to Christianity. In the last four years I have visited all parts of the country, holding meetings, usually in theatres, and always have had police protection and cooperation. The Minister of the Interior is my friend, and he at one time invited the principal representatives of three religions to confer with him as to the best solution of Japan's problems, moral and spiritual. Some officials of course are unfriendly to Christianityr but not the majority.

Forty years ago when I was a student, almost all the educated men of Japan were under the influence of such scientists as Herbert Spencer, John Stuart Mills and Darwin. Any student who was not familiar with Spencer's "First Principles", or Mills' "Economy" was not regarded as educated. Today the leaders of Japan, in the government or out of it, are under the influence of agnostics and materialists. A rush for wealth and worldly power is the natural result, and the effect on the spread of the Gospel is very damaging. For any man or any nation to have no higher ideal than to acquire wealth and attain material power means a one sided civilization, lacking entirely in spiritual discernment.

There is industrial unrest in Japan as in America, especially in cemmercial and manufacturing centers, but the Japanese, as a rule, are farmers so that the greatest power of the country lies in her agricultural interests. Although there is industrial unrest, and strikes are common, Japan is young in commercial enterprises and there is as. yet not the extent of overcrowding in her cities such as exists in America and England. The rapidly increasing growth of commercial centers may help the progress of Ohristianity since it is easier to reach people when congregated in whole communities, than it is if they remained in remote villages, surrounded by heathen influenceR. It is difficult to say which is the better for the spread of Christianity -rest or unrest. If people are too restful, they become apathetic, but if they are at strife with each other and with their condition they are usually not open to Christian influences. If we work faithfully among-these men and women of Japan we have confidence that our efforts will be rewarded.

682 Almost the whole country is under the influence of false religion. Constantly some new leader comes to the front, saying: "I am God," "I am Buddha," or "I am Christ," and ,gains a large following. Many win a reputation by healing the sick. A sect known as Tenriko, similar to Christian Science, was founded forty years ago by an ignorant woman, the wife of a farmer. This sect now has over 4,000,000 adherents, and four or five thousand churches. Every year they send out more than 600 missionaries. The Protestant Christians of Japan number about 100,000-a mere handful among the 60,000,000 population-one Christian to 599 non-Christians. But the factor that is really undermining Christian faith is destructive criticism, shaking faith in the Bible and Christ as the divine Saviour. Buddhism and all other false religions attack us from without and we can fight them squarely, but when destructive criticism comes into the Church, it is like an assault from within, and is most damaging. Destructive criticism makes worldly-minded and materialistic Christians.

FORCES HELPING CHRISTIANITY The Japanese are eager for modern civilization and recognize Christianity as the real source of western progress. They reflect that if they are to secure the fruits of Christian civilization they must plant its roots in their country. On the other hand, however, J apanese observers see evil things in Europe and America. They see that Christian lands have many of the same abuses as their own country, especially in the great cities, and begin to doubt whether Christianity can do everything that is claimed for it. A Commission of Japanese statesmen, non-Christians, came to America to observe how far Christianity dominated the life of the nation. They saw everywhere worldliness, amusement places crowded on Sunday, while churches were almost empty. They' saw oppression and misunderstanding and wrong doing in industrial, political and social life, and concluded that after all Christianity had not brought perfection. Being non-Christian, they found what they were looking for, and of course, their investigation was superficial.

Japanese leaders are disturbed as to the coming generation. Old men have Buddhism, Confucianism and Shintoism; but young men and young women 'have nothing to guide and strengthen them and they are going on the rocks. When I present the claims of Christianity to these leaders they say: "Christianity is crumbling in the lands where it once held sway. How then can we urge a decadent philosophy upon our wide-awake young men 1" Thus many are, maintaiiling that a nation can become civilized and powerful without Christ.

American racial prejUdice and discrimination on the Pacific Coast is another great hindrance to the spread of Christianity. Many

Japanese statesmen have said that if America would only remove this racial discrimination it w('mld have more influence for Christ than sending a thousand missionaries.

Many Japanese have a great consciousness of failure and a need for religion to enforce moral teaching, el'JpeciaIly among the younger generation-not definitely for the Christian religion but for some religion if the people will accept it and observe its precepts. This is a powerful force operating for Christianity. The Japanese see that missionaries e)(ert a helpful moral influence upon those who come in contact with them. My association with Dr. Pettee and his family as friends for more than thirty-five years has had a greater influence upon me than any book I ever read. One gets an intellectual impression of Christianity through books, but a living idea comes through such family life as is seen in a truly Christian home. Non- Christian Japanese look upon the work of Japanese Christians as helpful. They do not consider it a very important work, the number is so few, but no Japanese will go so far as to say this work is evil. Few great men are activeiy engaged in definite Christian work, and our influence is very limited.We cannot begin to talk of the influence of Christianity until at least one-tenth of the whole population is in the Church. If we can convert 6,000,000, we can then perhaps tell whether a Christian influence is being e)(erted.

NEED FOR MORE MISSIONARIES A great harvest time is coming. For the past fifty years the missionary's work has been chiefly plowing and seed sowing. Now the harvest time is at hand, and at such a time we need more laborers than in the time of seed sowing. The reaping must be done quickly, lest the crops be destroyed by the winter rain and frost. It is a fatal mistake to think that Japan does not need more missionaries.

There is also-a great need for Christian education and for Christian literature. Much can be done through literature, for the Japanese are a reading people. It is my ambition to reach 2,000,000 through the spoken Gospel message, but I hope to reach 18,000,000 through the printed message. The whole nation is now so receptive that one may go anywhere and preach Christ and find listeners. This is one of the great encouragements. In one Tokyo campaign out of 3061 decisions for Christ, more than 2000 were educated young men and women. This proportion was true in all parts of the country.

In answer to the qnestion: "What is the chief obstacle to Christianity in J apan today~" I can only say that it is the same the world over-Sin. This is the real stumbling block. The Holy Spirit must first convict the Japanese of sin, then they can be influenced for Christ. It is not necessary to spend much effort on secondary things – PREAOH THE GOSPEL.

A GATHERING OF CHRISTIANS IN NORTH

Christianity In KOft~a Today BY REV. W. A. NOBLE, :SEOUL, KOREA Missionary of the Methodist Episcopal C1lUreh.

RECENTLY an unlettered, country preacher appeared in Seoul, the ancient capital of Korea, where literary culture and a social code are the iron standards by which sermonizers and other public speakers are judged. He knew nothing of the subtilities of rhetoric, but preached with such a sense of divine revelation that the old aristocratic families of Seoul gathered eagerly to listen. Soon one of the largest churches of the city was filled with an audience representing all classes, until finally it was necessary to move the pulpit to the door, so that crowds both within and without could hear. This marked the beginning of Korea's present revival.

This most remarkable religious awakening in a remarkable mis" sionary land is notable in calling together the largest crowds, in attracting more extended interests, and in having greater practical results than any previous revival. That which swept over the country, into China and down into India in 1906-7 was tempestuous, and many of the scenes of early American revivals were repeated. Mental distress and physical agony were at times outstanding features 685

and during the services, men and women would often suddenly be overwhelmed with remorse and fall to the floor in a swoon. On re- covery they would appear to be soundly converted. The present movement isno less soul-searching, but it is much quieter. An out- standing leader of the former religious awakening was a blind Ko- rean; the leaders of the present revival are plain, humble men, whose only message comes from au inner vision. In a spirit of amazement at their own new understanding of the Woro, they are telling the story of Christ to multitudes.

:Most 'of the results of the early movement were confined to the Christian communities, but the present awakening reaches large sections of the non-Christian peo- ple. A Korean leader writes that one Mission organized a special campaign among non-Christian villages. They began last fall, car- rying a tent and stove from village to village. After erecting the tent and building afire in the stove, the leaders would play the cornet and sing to collect a crowd, after which a sermon would be delivered.

During a period of five months, over ten thousand believers were added to the Church. INhere these new followers numbered one hun- dred or more a church has been WHERE SOME KOREANS WORSHIP erected, so that nearly one hun- wh~~Y~W:ri~,~~g~~eo~~~~ean Plague Destroyers dred churches were organized dut- ing that period.

Last year one mission reported an addition to its church mem- bership of twenty-five per cent. This advance in religious fervor and in church membership has occurred in the midst of deepest distress among the Korean people. Over large sections of the Christian Church most of the pastors were made political prisoners. Many of the leading laymen were also thrown into prison under suspicion of having promoted the Independence Movement. From one district, only two men reported at the Annual Conference. They received their appointments, and on returning to their work were arrested and thrown into prison. Concerning the situation following that date, the missionary in charge of the work writes as follows: " Just as our city class and revival was to begin two of the three city pastors were arrested. That left one pastor and one missionary

CHRISTIANI'l'Y IN KOREA TODAY

for the class teaching, the afternoon meetings, and the night evangelistic services in five churches. Many said we would have to give up the meetings. At the first prayer service a small and very much discouraged group gathered. I gave a message that came to me iIi the night time as I thought over the situation. 'If we can get God's presence we can succeed without pastors or missionaries.' It was a meeting of power. Leaders were appointed for each church, laymen volunteered to do the preaching; preaching bands were organized and the result was the best class we have held, with well attended evening meetings; and over 700 seekers were enrolled. An unusually WHERE CHRISTIAN KOREANS WORSHIP A Korean family readin2 the Bihle at home.

large percentage of these are still in attendance. At Samwha the regular evening attendance was over '500 and the daily study classes were attended by 150. The last day was the great day of the feast; and as Pastor Chang presented the call of God from Romans 12: 1, nearly all present pledged themselves anew to the building of the Kingdom of God; and fourteen young men pledged themselves to the ministry if God and the church should· so call them. Such was the spirit of the day that one said, 'this is the birthday of our work on the District!' "

Of the members of some groups of churches we may ~ay, "these are they who have come out of great tribulations."

Living in hovels, erected in the midst of the ashes of burned vil-

lages, and in spite of the anguish over lost members of their families who have met violent death, these men and women have kept the faith: and they are preaching the Gospel till the ranks are being speedily filled with others. A fine example of the spirit of these days was the case of a political prisoner, a student who was arrested for shouting for liberty. While waiting in solitary confinement, he felt the necessity of preaching the message of spiritual hope. As in many prisons in all history, a system of communication was invented and this young man sent out his gospel message into other cells; and before his release there were replies from over forty men saying as a result of those appeals they had given themselves for the service of Christ.

EDUCATIONAL SITUATION.

On the first day of April, the annual opening day of all schools in Korea, the campus of the Pai Chai High School in Seoul swarmed with young men eager to be enrolled in the freshman class. More than eleven hundred crowded the rooms of the buildings, anxiously interviewing teachers and other students, each asking the question: "Will there be a chance for me~" Of this number 300 were chosen, making a total enrolment of the institution of 734. Eight hundred were told there was room for no more. 'Many young men turned away with their faces bathed in tears and returned to their homes bitterly disappointed. The disappointment was shared not only by their immediate families but also by their whole home community. Such is the feeeling toward Christian education ill; that land that Christian and non-Christian people of a village have the.keenest interest in any boy who from among them is in attendance at one of our mission high schools; they refer to him as "our student." While Pai Chai was turning from its doors nearly four times the number of its freshman class for the waut of room, other schools in all missions were having a similar experience.

At a meeting of pastors and teachers from two of our grade schools a short time ago in Seoul, the problem discussed was: "How can we keep these two schools going without funds from America?" The conference revealed tho fact that these teachers were remaining at their post at a sacrifice of three fourths of their salary. They were undernourished and their families suffered for the lack of suitable food. Anyone of these men could have gone out into the city and have earned more than a comfortable living. This situation had been going on for more than four years. The compelling ideas back of the sacrifice are loyalty to their faith and a determination to give the youth of Christian communities a chance. Their responsibility seemed especially insistent from the fact that the government provides educational privileges for only one in ten.

The Chosen Christian College in Seoul is the only Christian

CHRISTIANITY IS MAKING RAPID HEADWAY IN

A street in a Korean village. The houses are built of mud and sticks. The children lead a free and easy life. Many of these "illages are be~ coming Christian.

institution of higher learning having the support of the several Mission Boards in Korea. To attend this institution is the consum· mation of the student's ambition. Many churches plan to send to America such graduate students as have the most promise for the completion of their education, even non-Christians joining with Christian families to furnish the necessary funds.

In the direct Bible study methods our system of education reaches down to the last man, woman and child in the home. They have the privilege of meeting for certain periods each year in class study. The courses of study reach upward to Central Classes, to the Normal Institute, the Bible Schools and finally to the Theological Seminary. The women end their course of study with the Bible School and the men pass from the Theological Seminary into the ministry. Into the ministry comes another class of men who graduate from the High School and Colleg~. The slogan in Korea today is, "Edncate the Ch1t1-ch membership."

Over twenty-five million pages of Christian literature were printed last year by the Christian Literature Society of Korea. This is suggestive of the hold that Christian literature has upon the Korean people.

The new spirit of Korea is shown by the launching of a magazine called, "The New 'voman," edited by Christian women, graduates of "Ewha" College, Seoul.

The magazine carries a question department, is brightened by poems and has adopted the Western method of featuring a story. In an editorial the magazine says, "For ages we have suffered and have been fettered by unbroken customs, so now we propose to lay aside these fetters and be free ….. Men may call it revolt or rebellion: but for nges women have been treated like animals and have been under man's foot. Is this the result of righteousness and morality T ….. The common idea is that man's character and physical development arf' superior and woman's inferior, hence everything is decided in man's favor. . . . . . So it is the purpose of this magazine to discourage immorality and to stand for high ideals and morals; to the end that women may have equal responsibilities, equal opportunities for work and equal amount of leisure. "

This language used by an editor of a woman's magazine in America might cause little attention, but it makes the Oriental gasp with amazement. This spirit is the direct result of missionary work, and is an almost unbelievable advance over the days of missionary beginnings forty years ago.

Christian literature has already had a powerful iniluence on the Korean language. Biblical expressions and Christian phrases have become interwoven with the language so that the people in their daily conversations are paying tribute to the Christian faith. They are thus gradually becoming familiarized with the ethics and the gn!at doctrines of the Christian religion_

McLean—A Beloved

BY REV. JOHN GI{AFTON McGAVRAN, M.A., INDlANAPOLIS, INDIANA A RCHIBALD McLEAN'S ancestry may be traced back to the "McLeans of the Isles" whose habitat was off the west coast of Scotland. They were a rugged race, hard fighters, brief spoken, devoted friends, and mystics withal. His forebears from the I sles had settled in Prince Edward Island where, in the home of Mal- colm and Alexandra McLean, Archibald was born Oll the twenty-sixth day of December, 1850.

The McLeans were of that staunch Presbyterian type from which so many Disciples have been drawn, and to which they owe so much of the best in their history. When about seventeen years of age, the young man, a carriage builder by trade, and some of his family united with the Disciples of Christ.

Archibald was one of a family of fourteen children. They all had to work for thev seem to have had limited means. This must have been a grei:1t ha~dicap in the matter of education. Notwithstanding difficulties he was able to graduate from Bethany College at the age of twenty-four and shortly after began his ministry as pastor of a suburban church. His early interest in missions is indicated by the fact that he, the pastor of a small country church, was one of those present at the organization of the Foreign Christian Missionary So- ciety in 1875. .

It was in connection with this missionary society, of which he was made the Executive Secretary in 1882, that he made his greatest con- tribution-greater perhaps than that of any other person-to the life of his own chinch. Dr. McLean was probably the most widely known Disciple and the one most largely responsible for bringing his com- mnnion into fraternal relations with all the other churches of Christ.

The Disciples had grown in numbers rapidly during the first half of the 19th century. The secret of that growth lay in their challenge to a divided Christendom to unite in order that the world might be- lieve. The times were not ripe for union, but thousands joined their body-even although their plea did not seem to offer a practical solu- tion of the problem. With considerable naivety they believed that this union could be accomplished by the repudiation of all creeds but the Bible and the abrogation of all authority outside that of the local church. These ideas led to the attempt to test all doctrine. bv the textual use of the Scriptures and all proposed church activities by the authority of the elders of the local congregation. Since they found no specific texts which mentioned the modern heathen world and no Scripture which authorized the organization of cooperating mission- 691

ary societies, there was considerable danger that the entire Disciple movement might become non-missionary if not anti-missionary. It was at this point that the young secretary, in company with many other men and women of like mind, accepted the challenge. If the great work of the Glospel was to be hilldered and the Church perverted for want of Scriptural authority, he felt that that authority ought once more to be clearly set forth. In sermons, speeches, articles, books and in his prayers, he made the Bible the foundation of the missionary appeal. He was able to find missions in nearly every verse, and missionaries in almost every character of the whole Bible." His appeal to the Word of God not only as warrant for missionary activity but as a final imperative was as keen as a flashing sword. His intensive study of the Old and New Testaments as missionary books was all that was needed to turn the current among the Disciples and they became an intensely missionary people.

Dr. McLean believed that people would respond to the missionary call if they knew the need ·and opportunity, and would work effectively if they knew more of the work already being done. He became a great student of the facts of missions and acquired a remarkable knowledge of the history of the Church. .It is doubtful whether there is any important reference, in the published literature of the Ohurch, bearing OIl missions, or the name of any authentically known missionary, from the time of the apostles to the beginning of modern missions, with which he was not familiar. He constantly drew lessons from the experience of other missionary societies. No missionary was ever rebuffed by him for suggesting that some other society or mission did things in a better way.

During the years 1889-1891, without relinquishing his secretaryship of the Foreign Christian Missionary Society, he accepted the presidency of Bethany College, his Alma Mater, a work for which he was eminently fitted. He was that rare combination-an educator of the highest type and an executive who commanded the confidence of men of affairs. There had been a budget of $7,000 when he began his work as secretary and the first missionaries had been sent out that year. 'When Dr. McLean took up the college presidency the society had missions in India, China, Japan, Turkey and several other countries. For two years he spent the five days at the college in administration and teaching and missionary correspondence, and gave his week ends and holidays to the mission office in Cincinnati. He found, however, that he must decide between the call of the college cloister and the call of the missionary forum and chose the latter as his greatest field of service.

The missionary and benevolent work of the Disciples was organized under many independent societies, but Dr. McLean felt that until his own church could become 'an example of union and cooperation, *' See HWbere the Book Speaks." by A. McLean.

ARC1!1BAL:D McLEAN-A BELOVED DISCIPLE

ARCHIBALD McLEAN-LATE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED CHRISTIAN MISSIONARY SOCIETY her message to the world on the subject of Christian union could not be fully effective. So for years he endeavored to promote cooperative movements wnich finally resulted in the formation of the United Christian Missionary Society. Dr. McLean also insisted that throughout the entire organization-missions, benevolences, church building and administration,-the women of the church should have equal representation with the men in personnel and in votes.

He was in an unusual way a man of prayer. He kept a list of the

missionaries of the United Ohristian Missionary Society and knew all the children's names. This list contained 281 names, not counting the children, and he prayed daily for each one by name, remembering their circumstances and needs. He had also a long list of families, and of preachers and secretaries 'Of other Boards whom he kept in re~embrance. This prayer life was not known to many and one often wondered how he could manage it in the midst of his regular work.

Dr. McLean was a man of very simple, almost ascetic habits. His rooms were plainly furnished. Books lined the walls, covered the tables, and sometimes even the floor. He would gladly sleep on the floor in another room in order to give his own bed to a guest,- leaving the impression· that he had another equally comfortable bed. At one time he arose early to polish the shoes of a visiting Student Volunteer Secretary-as a service of large hearted hospitality. He gave largely of his income to build chapels and schools on tlie mission field and probably did not make personal use of more than 25 per cent of his salary as secretary.

He had a wonderful way with children. He was very" Scotch" at times and his manner appeared somewhat gruff to many, but little children seemed to understand him and the kindly smiling eyes. Directly or indirectly he put a missionary purpose into the minds of thousands of boys and girls who are now men and women of affairs. This man whose life seemed very lonely at times, with neither wife nor child, found children everywhere loving him.

He traveled extensively, visiting all the stations of the Disciples in the mission field except those on the Oongo· and in Tibet. He was a frequent and able contributor to the press, and was the author of several books of permanent value. "Where the Book Speaks," "Epoch Makers of Modern Missions," and his last book "The Pri- macy of the Missionary" are perhaps the most notable.

The first missionaries of his church went to the foreign field the year he became secretary and at the time of his death the Disciples had 281 missions in ten foreign countries.

The most outstanding characteristics of Archibald McLean are his abiding faith in the purpose and power of God to redeem the world and to make His Kingdom prevail, his passion for the facts of missionary history, his belief in the value of prayer, his Oatholicity of spirit and his elimination of self. A great religious denomination whose members are not favorably disposed toward bishops knew him as "the Bishop" and recognize his influence as tpe most forma- tive and fruitful in his generation-possibly in their history.

Christ's Program at Clifton

THE ANNUAL MEETING OF THE INTERNATIONAL MISSIONARY UNION Reported by HENRIETTA M. HYSLOP T HE thirty-eighth annual meeting of the International Mission- ary Union was held at Clifton Springs, New York, June 1 to 5, with about one hundred missionaries, on furlough, retired or under appointment, in attendance as guests of the Clifton Springs Sanitarium. The general theme of the Conference was: "The Adequacy of Christ's Program for the Present World Emergency." The frequent emphasis on the importance of the spiritual life of the missionary, and the loyalty of all to the authority of the Bible, were outstanding impressions of the Conference. Denominational distinctions were laid aside in stressing the fact that the missionary entelprise is no human undertaking,but the working out of a divine plan.

The opening address given by Rev. J. H. Franklin, D.D., Foreign Secretary of the American Baptist Foreign Mission Society is found on' another page.

Sectional conferences were held each morning to consider different phases of the missionary problem :-administration, education, evangelism, women's work, literary work, philanthropy, medical work, colportage and publicity. General discussions followed, and the sessions closed with a half hour devotional period. The evenings were given to swift surveys of the problem, first by countries, next by activities and finally by lantern slides and motion pictures. The annual sermon was preached on Sunday morning by Rev. A. B. Winchester, D.D., pastor of Knox Memorial Presbyterian Church, Toronto. At the closing session on Sunday evening, thirty-three missionaries were introduced who expect to leave for their fields during the coming year. The following is a brief summary of the findings of the various sectional conferences: MISSIONARY ADMINISTRATION Dr. L. B. Wolf, of the United Lutheran Board of Foreign Missions, led this discussion as to (a) the relation of the missionary to the native church and (b) the status of the native church in matters of self-government. The following facts were presented: In India in 1904, a union of seven different Presbyterian mission churches formed what is called the Presbyterian Church of India. Neither the Church in America nor the Mission Board dictates to this Church in any way. They have their own confession of faith, and control is vested in a joint committee with an equal number of Indians and missionaries. The Indians are expected to contribute one-fifth of the money needed. The Free Baptists maintain a mis- 695

sion in Bengal controlled by a committee of nine, of which eight are Indians and only one a missionary. The Lutheran mission retains control of funds devoted to hospitals, higher schools and seminaries, but their policy is for the Mission to decrease, and the Indian Church to increase: In Persia the control is in the hands of a committee of twelve, elected by the native church. No distinction is made between foreign and native. The Japanese are being allowed increased au- thority in the expenditure of mission funds and in Korea, the missions supply some financial aid, but most of the churches are self-support- ing. Dr. Samuel Gurney, speaking for Rhodesia, said that the • Africans are very slow to accept responsibility.

EDUCATION IN THE MISSION FIELD This discussion was led by Dr. Frank H. Sanders, Secretary of the Board of Missionary Preparation. An adequate educational program for the foreign field comprises (1) the education of the women; (2) the provision of well-equipped, model schools to serve as standards for other schools; (3) emphasis on agricultural and industrial work in order to lift the economic status of the people and (4) the development of adequate native leadership. These needs will be met as rapidly as the missionaries themselves will adopt cooperative plans. Agricultural and industrial work is most adaptable to cooperative effort, and there is a growing tendency on the field to put through schemes of educational advance, and to demand proper educational supervision. In China, the theological schools have shown a better spirit of cooperation than the medical or academic schools. Raising the economic scale of the people is recognized as the basis for improving religious conditions, but spiritual effort must not wait for this. There is the danger that parasites will be created unless native leadership is cultivated. Governments must be taught as well as people.

EVANGELISM The discussion of the question: "How can Christ be presented in a way to compel attention and lead to definite decision ~" centered around four principal points :-(1) The missionary must live Christ. During the war, the Y. M. C. A. in India was given permission to work among Indian troops only on condition that they did not try to propagate Christianity. After twenty-four hours of prayer, they decided to accept the opportunity, and for two years, although forbidden to speak His name, they lived Christ. This led to inquiry on the part of men who had returned to their villages, and many conversions were reported.

(2) The necessity of working through the native. Non-Christian lands must be led to Christ through the indigenous Church. The missionary's part is to train leaders, and to keep the fire of devotion burning in native Christian hearts.

MEMBERS OF THE INTERNATIONAL MISSIONARY UNION l .T CLIFTON SPRINGS, NEW YORK, JUNE 1-5

(3) The value of evangelistic campaigns, when all workers lay aside their regular program and unite in presenting the claims of Christ. Native Christians who can read teach selected portions to the illiterate, and they in turn teach others who go out in bands to the villages, telling the Message they have learned. This trains the native in soul-winning work.

(4) Music as an evangelistic agency. Mr. H. A. Popley's work in South India was commended. Africa's need of Christian lyrics was emphasized.

LITERARY WORK The most important literary tasks on the field today are (1) the preparation of suitable Christian literature, including a Christian news sheet, relating the Christian community with the outside world; (2) the revision of the Bible, so that it may ever represent the best attainable vernacular version; (3) the provision of adequate Biblical helps for the interpretation of the Scriptures and (4) historical and other educational books.

The indebtedness of the missionary forces to the organized Bible and tract societies was acknowledged. The need for a wholesome literature of an interesting type was referred to, and for this capable native write'rs must be brought to the front. It was urged that at least one worker in each mission be set apart to develop a literary program. The oriental mind responds very quickly to devotional literature.

PHILANTHROPY This form of mission work is the most concrete and convincing manifestation of the spirit of Christ. Famines in various lands, and epidemics, such as that of influenza in 1918, offer opportunity for demonstrating practical Christianity. The work for lepers in far eastern countries is one of the most Ohristlike and encouraging. The development of different phases of industrial work makes efficiency in mission administration possible.

WOMEN'S WORK The whole missionary problem resolves itself into the degree of consecration of the missionary. The question: "What new lines of work are possible for women?" turned the discussion aside from distinctively women's work to the relation of the new industrial and educational schemes to mission policy. There is a present tendency to exalt the intellectual and pass'lightly over the spiritual. Exp~rts in America who make up the Oommissions now studying the foreign field would probably never have thought of certain methods, if the plain missionary had not first diRcovered them. Oommissions are helpful in so far as they give a comprehensive, bird's eye view of the whole field, which the busy missionary cannot get. To bring Christ

CHRIST'S PROGRAM AT CLIFTON SPRINGS

to the people must be the primary aim. All other things are byproducts. Hospitals and schools offer the greatest possibilities. The transformation of a child builds for the future more effectively than the winning of a grandmother of eighty. Not only is this true, but the child wins the mother and the grandmother more easily than can the missionary.

MEDICAL WORK Reports from medical missionaries show that there is an ever broadening opportunity in this field. It was thought impossible for America and Canada to provide adequate medical help for the heathen world, and because of this it was urged that mission Boards do their utmost to train a sufficient number of local doctors and nurses to carry forward this great work. Nurses are being trained to do minor surgery. Ludhiana College for- Women has accomplished the most of any single institution, but the. Government seizes as many as possible of the graduates, to put them in charge of government hospitals at a large salary; so that it is difficult to secure them for mission work. They exert an unmeasured influence, however, in any position. It is imperative to educate the people as a whole to an understanding of keeping themselves well.

Dr. Lewis Scudder, of South India, corrected the impression that not much is left to be done in India along medical lines. The Govern- ment is doing a vast amount, but 900/0 of India's population is still out of reach of medical aid. Tuberculosis is a very serious problem in India, though little recognized. Missions have done almost nothing to combat it.

Conditions in Rhodesia are exceptional. The heathen there are not crying for medical help, since they attribute all disease to evil spirits who must be propitiated before a cure can be expected. The native fears to move to another locality, lest he put himself at the mercy of alien spirits. He fears contact with other sick persons, lest the spirit influence be complicated. Regular hospital work cannot therefore be carried on successfully in Rhodesia. Until this supersti- tion can be broken down, the sick must be sheltered in individual huts.

A great deal of prejudice exists in some lands against the white doctor. Many go as adventurers, and the missionary' must live down this feeling of distrust. Medical missions, in the last analysis, will fail unless the native is made to understand the purpose of it.

COLPORTAGE The colporteur was considered from the following angles: (1) His stock-what it should include; the Bible to be supplemented by hymn books, periodicals (not exclusively religious), pictures and Scripture mottoes. (2) His training and motive. His methods must l;le scrupulously honest, and his character deeply spiritual.

Book stores may be the depots for the products of industrial schools; in addition to literature they may sell stamps, or such commodities as are consistent with the needs of the community. The management of book stores should be in the hands of the natives, under the general direction of the colporteur. Reading rooms and free circulating libraries are helpful adjuncts of this work. The surplus Material Department of the World's Sunday-School Association, with headquarters at One Madison Avenue, New York City, undertakes to interest the home church in forwarding periodicals, books and Sunday-school helps to all parts of the world field.

PUBI"ICITY Newspaper evangelism, by buying space in non-Christian papers to spread the Gospel, was heartily endorsed. Rev. Albertus Pieters has asked the Reformed Church Board for $40,000 for this purpose in .Japan, where the reading public JIumbers about the same as in the United States. The larger use of the Post Office in all lands for the dissemination of Gospel literature was advocated. The type of missionary addresses in the home land was also discussed. It was thought that statistics should be sparingly used, and illustration more freely.

POWER The general discussions held on each morning of the Conference brought out many helpful suggestions. Mr. David McConaughy led the discussion on "Enlisting Life Power, Money Power, and back of both,Prayer Power."

The missionary ranks may be reenforced by sending representatives home from the field; by interesting boys and girls of the public schools, particularly the high schools; by stimulating missionary education in the home and Sunday-schools; by sending young people to summer schools of missions to catch the missionary spirit and by cultivating Bible study.

Tbe money power of the Church can be stimulated by reading contests on stewardship, by charts, by urging ministers to preach more on tithing and by publishing lists of needs which can be met by a. definite sum of money. It is possible to do more in cultivating stewardship in the infant church on the foreign field than in America, where habits are fixed. The last word in tithing is found in Salt Lake City among the Seventh Day Adventists.

Another helpful discussion brought out what has be.en done and may b2 done to develop (1) a self-propagating church; (2) a Helfsupporting church; (3) a self-governing church.

The secret of all self-propagation iK life. We mm!t work with the idea that the time will come when the misHional'Y will withdraw. There are fonr steps in missionary training: Work for the native Native works with the missionary

The missionary works with the native The native does the work D. L. Moody said that he would 'rather put ten men to work than do the work of ten men. It is difficult to draw the line between helping the native and letting him go alone, but it is the difference between carrying a child until he cannot stand on his legs, and allowing him to get a few bumps in learning to walk. Furthermore, the native must give some kind of return for help received, in order to make him value it. Burma has 600 self-supporting churches out of 800. This is a record for the foreign mission field. Paul established churches, not missions. We must get away from the habit of talking about "native helpers." Missionaries are the helpers of the natives. A church established on this principle will be self-propagating, selfsupporting, and self-governing. Dr. Scudder, chairman of the Native Church Board in the Arcot Mission, South India, has never had to use his veto power in ten years, because the natives have taken their responsibility seriously. This Indian Church is raising 40% of all the money used in its activities. The ten years just passed have brought greater development along this line in India than the fifty-seven previous years, due largely to the fact that Indians are steadily taking over the work.

The World Crisis and Christ's Program was the topic for joint discussion on Saturday morning. In view of the tremendous strain under which the missionary lives, the conservation of his physical strength is of great"importance. While on furlough he needs to be rebuilt. As someone said: "He needs new tires, new spark plugs, more gas." He should be allowed opportunity for this renewal.

The missionary should understand the laws of the country in which he lives; he should know conditions in all parts of the world, should secure large maps and study them. He should cultivate an understanding of the intellectual life of the people among whom he lives. Preeminently, he must keep close to the Master. This can be done by taking a little tiIlle alone each day; by realizing his own need; and by Bible study and prayer. A business man who gives $90,000 a year to Christian work out of an income of $100,000 says that he cannot conduct his business without Bible studv and pr~yer every day. Prayer is fundamerdal, not supplemental.' 'Ye sometimes start an undertaking' and if it goes awry, we ask God to ,come to the reF;cue. First wait all Gnd; find out what His plan is, then go confidently forward.

The ChriHtiall problem differs in every age. The emphasis is now on the Social Gospel. ~very mission station is a social Rervice station. This is as it should be, but the man or woman who is solely a social service worker is of little use on the mission field.

THE PRESENT EMERGENCY A rapid survey of the Emergency and how to meet it was given by countries on Thursday evening. Speaking for Africa, Rev. Mer- lin W. Ennis, of Angola, said there was an old understanding of truth and morality among the Africans, but that" Big Business" and European customs of the baser sort had broken these down. Nothing but Christianity can take their place. "Big Business" understands that the African is valuable and may be converted into money; there- fore the necessity for evangelization is immediate and vital. The "Forced Labor" proposed by the Portuguese at the present time for Angola would make conditions worse than in the days of slavery. The Christian Church must back what it has begun.

Dr. Samuel Gurney of Rhodesia said that the emergency in South Africa is that of a country in transition. All the area is parceled out to European countries. The British rule is of all others most fair to the native. The sweep of Mohammedanism from the north and the grafting of European vices to native immorality constitute a very real emergency in South Africa.

Miss Blanche Bair of Korea said that probably that persecuted land will lead Asia in spirituality. In Japan, it took the missionaries twenty years to get the first convert, in China an equal period, but in Korea they had two Christians the first year. Korean Christians are Bible studying Christians, praying Christians, tithing Christians and witnessing Christians.

Rev. H. C. Schuler reported that results in Persia refute the assertion that a Mohammedan.never becomes a Christian. Persia is the only missionary field with a Mohammedan government. Turkey and portions of India have as large' a proportion of Mohammedan population, but are not under Mohammedan rule. In Persia, the civil law makes apostacy from Mohammedanism a capital offense. One emergency is to break this law.

Chile was represented by Miss Florence E. Smith, who said that 98% of the country is Roman Catholic, but not more than 50% attend church. The missionary program must be constructive. Whatever is wrong will fall of its own weig'ht when better conditions come in. Chile's system of high school education is second to none, but their primary schools are most inadequate. There is 60% of illegitimacy and 60% cent of illiteracy.

Rev. C. H. Heptonstall· spoke for Burma, and compared the Karens with the Koreans in their eagerness to receive the Gospel. The same problem exists there as in India-the desire for self-govern·· ment and control of schools.

Mrs. J. K. McCauley emphasized the fact that Japan is not to be feared. The military party is deplorably at fault in international

CHRIST'S PROGRAM AT CLIFTO~ SPRINGS

relationships, but the Home Office is earnestly desirous of maintaining justice. Many of the officials are wholly friendly to Christianity.

Rev. W. O. Elterich gave the following factors in the present awakening of China: contact with western nations; the revolution; the dynamic influence of the students. The conservatism of the Chinese has made missionary work difficult, but sweeping changes are taking place among all classes. C. T. Wang, a high-minded Christian, who may be China's next President, has said that" Christianity is the only hope for China."

Rev. John P. Davies called attention to the broad tolerance of China's young men in their conception of religion. They place Christ in the same category with Confucius, Buddha and other leaders. Christian theology ought not to be omitted in the missionary program, and there should be a thorough-going conception of what. Christianity is-a deeper conviction on the part of the missionaries as to what is essential.

Miss Louise Miller emphasized the need for more doctors in India. In an average city hospital in America, there may be 250 doctors for a few hundred patients; in India, one doctor often sees 200 patients before luncheon. This need was also stressed by Dr. Raymond CottreU. Four to six ti~es as many infants die in India during their first year as in America. The natives notice that t.he children of Christians live, and it impresses t.hem. Not everyone is interested in changing his religion, or in industrial or educational improvement, but all are interested in getting rid of pain. Medicine is thus a vital agency in reaching the souls of the people.

Rev. H. C. Velte spoke of an awakened nation, and an awakened church in India. This brings a largely increased task. Three things must be done in India: (1) Make every effort to gather in the multitudes from the low caste communities. Some of the methods may not be approved. One day when a missionary was examining candidates for baptism he heard a sharp cry in a nearby house. Asking what it meant he was told: "Oh, one of the men you baptized the other day is just trying to make his wife 'understand.' Later the wife applied for baptism. (2) Maintain and strengthen the work of schools and colleges. Win the intellect of India. (3) Develop the latent power of the Indian Church.

Continuing this rapid survey with the emphasis on activities, Dr. Lewis Scudder told of the formation of the South India United Church about twelve years ago. There are now two hundred or two hundred and fifty thousand Indian Christians in this Church. It has a General Assembly, and is related to no other body. Today, there is talk of uniting with the Church of England organization of South India. Every advocate of it is an Indian, and every opponent a mis- sionary. Agriculture is the ultimate answer to the problem of raising the

native's economic status in Africa, according to Rev. Merlin W. Ennis of the American Board Mission in Angola. The Angola native began his history as a warrior; after that he became a trader, in slaves, ivory and rubber. Slavery is now prohibited, the rubber industry grows deader all the time. The African must now be put on an independent footing by teaching him how to grow food stuffs that will sell; to improve his seed; to use the ox for field work instead of women; to plow instead of hoe and to use the milk of cows, which they have never done. The government should do all this, but most of the governments are interested in the profit from forced labor. By carefully selecting seed for ten years, Angola corn is now the marvel of all Africa. Cotton that is salable can now be grown. All this has a direct bearing on the upbuilding of a strong native church.

Professional education was discussed by Prof. J. C. Garritt of Nanking, China. The world has always depended upon leaders. We are coming to realize the necessity for training specialists in every line in China and other mission fields. Temptations assail students who come to America, and many of them lose the fine flavor of their Christian devotion. Also they tend to become denationalized and find it difficult to get back into touch with their own nationals. We are therefore working out plans which were unthinkable thirty years ago. One hundred high grade institutions are under way, where men and women are trained in all lines of research work.

One great need of China is that of Christian homes. An experiment was tried at the Shanghai Baptist Theological Seminary. Twelve married students were invited to bring their families to live on the campus, with the idea of training these future preachers' wives to be home makers. This required also the providing of a kindergarten day school. Mothers were taught hygiene, personal and general, the care of infants, danger from flies, etc. Music was taught, so that they could appreciate the value of singing in the home. The greatest resource of China is her womanhood. It is the missionary's privilege to develop that resource.

The Y. M. C. A. as an auxiliary of the Church has great value. It must be recognized that young men need to play. The Church has not time to direct recreational activities. If the Church undertakes to do this, religion must to some extent" go by the board." In India and China, the Association is perhaps the most helpful element in handing over the work of the Church to the people.

Relief work, both war and famine, have shown the message of Christianity and cemented friendship with America.

At the farewell meeting for outgoing missionaries several speakers were introduced who touched briefly on conditions in the lands to which they are returning.

1921J CHRIST'S PROGRAM AT CLIFTON SPRINGS

INTERNATIONAL MISSIONARY UNION ORGANIZATION Officers 1921-1922 BOARD OF CONTROL Term Ending 1922 President REV. J. SUMNER STONE, M.D. F. S. BROCKMAN 155 Pelham Rd., New Rochelle, N. Y. MRS. W. H. BELDEN FEV. WM. I. CHAMBERLAIN, Ph.D. Vice-President REV. R. H. GLOVER, M.D. DAVID McCONAUGHY 156 Fifth Ave., N. Y. C. Term Ending 1923 Recording and Editorial Secretary REV. P. H. S. LERRIGO, M.D. H. F. LAFLAMME REV. W. E. LAMPE, Ph.D. MRS. D. McCONAUGHY 1 Madison Ave., N. Y. C. MRS. J. SUMNER STONE REV. A. B. MOSS Treasurer REV. FRANK K. SAXDERS, D.D. Term Ending 1924 25 iladison Ave., N. Y. C. H. F. LAFLAMME MRS. C. P. W. MERRITT Librarian REV. M. L. STIMSON J. A. SANDERS, M.D. R. P. WILDER REV. A. B. WINCHESTER, D.D. Clifton Springs, N. Y. REV. L. B. WOLF, D.D.

Corresponding Secretary Term Ending 1925 MRS. ALICE M. WILLIAMS 149 W. College St., Oberlin, O. REV. GEORGE C. LENINGTON, D.D. REV. HARRY FARMER REV. WM. I. CHAMBERLAIN, Ph.D. MRS. L. H. FOOTE 25 E. 22nd St., N. Y. REV. S. GUY INMAN DAVID McCONAUGHY J. CAMPBELL WHITE, LL.D. 1',EV. FRANK K. SANDERS, D.D. 541 Lexington Ave., N. Y. D". J. CAMPBELL WHITE :liRR. ALICE M. WILLIAMS MISSIONARIES PRESENT AT CLIFTON SPRIKGS CONFERENCE, 1921 There were in all eighty-six missionaries present, representing fourteen different fields and eighteen missionary societies. Those returning to their fields this year are marked with an asterisk ("') Name Y enrs of Service Board Field Allohin, Mrs. Geo…….. " ………… 1R82 …… C…………….. Japan Allen, Rev. Ray …………………… 1886-1888 ……… M. E …………… India Bair, Miss Blanche ….. ,., …….. , .. 1914-1920 .. , …… M. E …………… Korea Bannerman, Rev. Wm. S…………. , .. 1890-1896 ……… P ……….. Africa, Alaska *Bell, Miss Ada C………………….. 1915 …… So. B …………… China Biglow, Miss A. M………………… 1891-1916 …… , .. C……………… Africa Breckinridge, Miss C. S ……………… 1910-1913 ……… U. p, ………….. Egypt Byork, Rev. John ……… " ……….. 1898 ……… M. E. …………… India Church, Miss M. A………………… 1909 ……… Ind.. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. India Cottrell, A. Raymond, M.D…………. 1913 … Ch. B …………… India 'Clarke, Rev. Wm. P ……………….. 1891 . C……….. (ireece, Turkey ·Clarke" Mrs. W. P ………………… 1900 … C……….. Greece, Turkey Clark, Mrs. 1. Brooks …. , ………… , .1906-1918 .. .

*Davies, Rev. John P ………………… 1906 .. , …… B……………… China *Davies, Mrs. John P ……………….. 1906 ., ……. B……………… China Dethridge, Miss Harriet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191(l . . . . . . . . . B.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Japan Dowsley, Mrs. A………………….. 1876-1894 ……… K C. S……. India, China *Elterich, Rev. W. 0 ……………….. 1889 ……… P.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. China *Elterich, Mrs. W. 0 ………………… 1889 ……… P.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. China *Elterich, Miss Helen B……………… 1913 ……… P.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. China *Ennis, Rev. Merlin W ……………… 1903 ……… C.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Africa Files, Miss M. E. ……………….. 1887-1915 ……… M. E …………… Burma *Folsom, Miss Ellen A……………….. 1896 .B.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. India Fredericks, Miss Edith …………….. 1915 ……… M. E …………… China Garritt, Rev. J. C., D.D…………….. 1889 ……… P. N……………. China

Name Years of Service Board Field Garritt, Mrs. J. C……………….. , .1889 ……… P. N ……………. China.

*Glover Miss Ella E ……………… 1892 ……… M. E ……………. China Gotwaid, Rev. Luther A…………….. 1921 ……… D. LOo ………….. India Griffin, Rev. Z. F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1883-1909 . . . . . . . . . B.. .. .. .. .. .. .. …. Indm Griffin Rev. Mrs. Z. F ……………. .. 1873-1909 .. ……. B.. .. .. . .. .. .. .. … India "Gurney, Rev. Samuel, M.D…………… 1902 ……… M. E …………… Africa Hance, Miss Gertrude R…………….. 1870·1889 ……… C…………… So. Africa Harned, Mrs. Mary E …………….. . 1887-1888 ……… M. E …………… Africa *Heponstall, Rev. C. H .. _.. .. .. … 1893 ………B.. . .. .. .. .. .. …. Burma *Heponstall, Mrs. C. HOo .. .. .. … 1893 ….. B.. . .. .. .. .. .. …. Burma "Holman, Miss Charlotte T… . …. 1900 … M. E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . India Hondelink, Rev. Garret… . .1903-1918 ……… R. C A…………. Japan Hondelink, Mrs. Garret …………….. 1903-1908 …….. R. C A…………. Japan "Huntley, Mrs. G. A……………….. 1897 .B……………… China Jones, Mrs. E. V……………. .1913 .M. E. So………… China Kinzley, Miss K. MOo………… .1907 . . . . . . . . . M. E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . India Knowles, Miss E. L.. . … . . . … . .. . … 1881-1916 …….. M. E ……………. India Laflamme, Rev. H. F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1887·190G . . . . . . . . . C. B. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . India Latimer, Miss L. M………………… 1870-1897 ……… M. E ……………. India 'Lide, Miss Florence C……………… 1913 ……… B.. . .. .. .. .. .. .. … China *Loher, Miss 1. G………………….. 1892 ……… M. E ……………. India.

'Mason, Miss Clara A……………….. 1912 .. , ….. C. B …………….. India 'Mateer, Mrs. Ada Haven . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1879 •• , . . . . . . P . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . China.

McCauley, Mrs. J. K. ……… , ……… 1877 ., ……. P ….. , . . . . … .. .. Japan McConaughy, David ………………. 1889-1902.. . .. . . Y. M. C. A……… India "McGill, Miss Georgina …………….. 1912 … B.. . . .. .. . .. . .. …. India McLeish, Miss Eva …. "." …………… 1912 .. C. B ……………. India Merritt, C. P. W., M.D……………… 1885-1895 ……… C.. . ….. China Merritt, Mrs. C. P. W… ..1885-1895 ……… C… .. .. .. .. .. .. … China.

Minniss, Miss Laverne……… .. …. 1896 ……… B……………… China Miller, Miss Louisa A.. . . …. 1913 … D. L ……………. India Moyer, Miss Jennie ………………… 1899 ……… M. E ……………. India "Northcott, Miss FOo………… .. … 191:1 ……… BOo ……………. China Patton, Miss Lulu R……………….. 1908 ……… P ……………… China 'Peterson, Miss Emily L……………… 19B . .. . …. P . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. India Quickenden, Miss Kath. BOo ………… 1899 …….. C………………. India Sanders, Rev. Frank K., D.D., ……….. 1882·1886 ……… C……………… Ceylon *Schuler, Rev. H. C………. : ……….. 1899 ……… P …………….. Persia *Schuler, Mrs. H. C…………………. 1885 … P ……… " …… Persia Scndder, Lewis R., M.D……………. 1888 … R. C. A…………. India Shaak, Miss Tasie …………………. 1917 ….. R. C. D. S………. China 'Smith, Miss Florence Eo …………….. 1895 ……… P …………… So. Amer.

• Stacey, Rev. Hubert G……… . … 1909-1919 ……… Y. M. C. A……….. India Stone, Rev. J. Sumner, M.D………… ,IS80-1888 ……… M. E …………… India Stone, Mrs. J. Sumner …………….. 1885-1888 ……… M. E …………… India 'Storrs, Mrs. Charles S……………….. 1917 …….. C………………. China.

• Sullivan, Miss Lucy W ……………… 1888 ……… M. E …………… India Swan, Mrs. Anna Y. Davis …………. 1879·1888 ……… C…………….. Japan Thompson, Miss Mary A ……………. 1869-1872 ……… C……………… China "Tyler, F. Webster …………………. 1917 …….. G. M. SOo ………. Africa Vernon, Rev. W. Roy ………………. 1913 .B…………….. Africa Vernon, Mrs. W. Roy ………………. 1913 . B.. . . . . .. Africa 'Velte, Rev. H. COo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1882 .P. N……………. India • Velte, Mrs. Charlotte ……………. 1889 .P. N……. : …….. India Waite Miss Caroline E………. . …. 1899·1914. .D. R…………… Africa Walk;r, Mrs. 1)::. D……………….. 1892-1918 ……… Ind……………. Africa • Wolters, Rev. K. L. ………………. 1904 …….. D. L……………. India Wells, Mrs. Charlotte J …………….. 1910-1915 ……… F. M…………… Africa Wilson, Miss F. 0 …………………. 1889 ……… M. E …………… ' China Winchester, Rev. Alex. B ……………. 1887-1889 ……… C.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. China Williams, Mrs. Alice M…………….. 1891-1912 ……… C……………… China Wolf, Rev. L. B., D.D………………. 1883 '" …… D. L …………… India Guest of the D nion-Hyslop, Miss Henrietta M.-Mission ary Review of the Worid.

KEY TO ABBREVIATIONS B. Baptist. B. C. Canadian Baptist. B. S. Baptist South. C. Congregatio'na1. C. E. Churcb of England. Ch. B. Church of the Brethren. D. R. Dutch Reformed, E. C. S. Scottish Episcopal. G. M. S. Gospel Missionary Society. Ind. Independent. M. E. Methodist Episcopal. M. E. S. Methodist Episopal South. M. F. Free Methodist. P. Presbyterian. R. C. A. Reformed Church in America. R. C. U. S. Reformed Church in United States. U. L. United Lutheran. U. P. United Presbyterian

Way Out of the Present

Abstract of an address delivered at Clifton Springs, New York, June 1, 1921.

BY REV. JAMES H. FRANKLIN, D.D., NEW YORK Secretary of the American Baptist Foreign Mission Society.

WTHEN, in July, 1914, I took passage from New York on a small Norwegian steamer, expecting to visit various countries in Europe, the head lines of the papers told of a war cloud in the Balkans. But there had been war clouds in the Balkans frequently, and no world-conflagration had followed. More than that, a famous Brooklyn preacher had declared that we would never have another great war because it would be too terribly destructive. Submarines would obliterate navies; air ships would blot out armies and cities; business men would not any longer tolerate such destruction. It developed, however, that air ships could not easily destroy armies nor obliterate cities, and that submarines could not sink the navies, and that the kings of commerce too often became profiteers. "When our little ship reached Bergen, Norway, some men were saying, "Civilization has failed"; others were saying, "Statesmanship has failed, " and others, "Christianity has failed."

The last statement was promptly met with the question, "When has Christianity been really tried?" It is true that individuals here and there have tried it, but it is a narrow way and few be they who have tried a Christianity which demands complete self-renunciation. It is certain that it has never been tried to any great extent in international relationships. From the viewpoint of the Orient, the white man has had claws. and teeth in his dealings with certain parts of the world.

Over four years later, soon after the Armistice was signed, it was my privilege to visit many of the battle fields of France while they were still unsalvaged and the trenches were unfilled. The instruments of death were still in evidence. Some of the fields were still bestrewn with unexploded shells, hand grenades, gas masks, deserted tanks and other implement.§ of death. Bodies of soldiers, buried hurriedly in the midst of battle, were being exhumed. It seemed like the Golgotha of the nations, with the blood spots still visible. The countless white crosses which never failed to say to me, "Weare the dead," made it a veritable via Dolorosa.

When one stopped to ask the cause of the conflict which had brought such terrible suffering, the answer was always the samewhether from German, or French, or Austrian, or English, or American-selfishness. Some one wanted more than others thought was due; some one was charged with trying to control the commerce of the world.

707

In Europe again last summer I found conditions worse, in some respects, than immediately after the Armistice. Money had depreciated unbelievably in its value. There was dire need of proper food and clothing, and that need was the basis for international uncertainty. When millions of children suffer and starvation faces them, their parents can hardly be expected to respect a government, or governments, unable to give relief. Perhaps nothing better can be done to stabilize conditions in Europe, and thereby to help stabilize conditions the world around, than to help the suffering peoples of Europe. Men will fight for a change in conditions when they cannot secure bread for their children. The people themselves did not create the conditions which resulted in such terrible suffering. A few political leaders were largely responsible. The masses do not hate each other when left to themselves. Suspicion is sown in their hearts, often sown by their leaders, prompted by some selfish purpose. In the last analysis, human selfishness is the prime cause of the present emergency.

Looking out over the world today, we find racial jealousies and" a rising tide of color." It is evident that, unless brotherhood is made to prevail between the nations and the races of different colors, nothing short of absolute destruction of modern civilization can be anticipated; nothing less than perdition for humanity lies ahead if something is not done to promote human brotherhood, regardless of race, color or creed.

Here is the great emergency which confronts us. How shall we meet it? Some are crying for an increase of armament. Some are telling us that the white man must prepare for a contest with the yellow man to determine who shall be the master of the earth. Such a policy means the slipping back into absolute barbarism. We who hail the power of Jesus' name declare that there is but one remedy for the world's ills, and that remedy is the application of the teachings of Jesus Christ in all human relationships.

David Harum was right: You can never have an honest horse race until you have an honest human race. Thoughtful men in all parts of the world are seeing clearly that Carlyle was right when he declared, "The soul of all improvement is the improvement of the souL" They are appreciating the words of Herbert Spencer who declared that there is no political alchemy whereby golden conduct can be secured from leaden instincts. These are but faint echoes of the words of the Man of Nazareth, "Ye must be born again."

L~st year I was a guest with forty other men at a dinner given by a member of Parliament in the British House of Commons. Representatives of almost every country in Europe, including Germany, France and Austria, of England, Scotland and Ireland, and of Canada and the United States were present. The after-dinner speeches by several members of Parliament were all to the effect

THE WAY OUT OF THE PRESENT BMERGENCY

that, apart from the spiritual renewal of humanity, there is no hope for abiding peace. This is true with reference to all our relationships-political, commercial and social. The human heart niust be made better. The question, therefore, is this: Where can humanity find a remedy for the sin of selfishness, which is the fundamental cause of our disturbances? Where is improvement for the soul of humanity to be discovered ~ The missionary forces, and Christian men in general, reply that nothing less than the spirit of the Christ of Calvary is sufficient to meet the needs of the world.

In the late afternoon of Good Friday, 1919, I saw men in American uniforms digging on St. Mihiel battle field. "What are they doing~" I inquired. "Taking up the bodies of American soldiers buried under shell fire, to give them burial in a military cemetery." A half hour later we came to the cemetery and looked, for a few moments, on the bodies of our men who had left America in a blaze of glory, had been killed in the great conflict and were buried hurriedly where they fell. For several months those bodies had been under the soil of France. As I looked for a moment on the blackened bodies, I found myself saying, "Here I stand on the Calvary of the nations, and it is Good Friday. What can prevent a recurrence of such a terrible holocaust '/ Nothing less than the Spirit of Christ on Calvary can prevent it." I found myseif repeating the words of an eminent American journalist, when the war was blackest for us. Colonel Henry Watterson used these words in an editorial in his paper, the Louisville Courier Journal: "Surely the future looks black enough, yet it holds a hope, a single hope. One, and one only, can arrest the descent and save us. That is th8' Christian re.ll'gl.On.

"Democracy is but a side issue. The paramount issue, underlying the i~slle of democracy, is the religion of Christ, and Him crucified; the bedrock of civilization; the source and resource of all that is worth having in the world, that is, that gives promise in the world to come; not as an abstraction; not as a huddle of sects and factions; but as a mighty force and principle of being. The Word of God, delivered by the lowly Nazarene upon the hillsides of Jndea. sanctin('d by the Cross of Calvary, has sllrviv('d every assault."

It is a comfort in the midst of this grave eniergency to discover that statesmen, philosophers, editors, commercial advisors, and others are saying that the Spil~t of Christ is the only solution for the world's problems. If these men are right, there is a tremendous challenge to the missionary forces to take Christ and His Cross to the ends of the earth and to see that they are applied to all human relationships.

Some time ago a prominent Boston paper declared in a full-page Sunday editorial that if we can only know what a man thinks of God we can know what that man's character is. The statement is true. Man reaches out to become like his highest ideal. Man must wor-

ship, and man unconsciously becomes like the god he worships. If he learns ~o worship the King of Righteousness, he becomes righteous. Men who worship a deity to whom they attribute vice and immorality, will themselves become vicious and 'immoral. 'When provision is made in temples for the practice of immorality, the worshipers must inevitably go further and further into degrading practices. Men who learn to worship a God of love will become loving. Men who learn to worship a God of righteousness will aspire to righteousness in their own lives. Men who learn to worship a Christ who gave Himself will lose themselves in the desire to give their lives in sacrificial service. Men who take the Cross of Christ as the dynamic of their lives will spend themselves in an effort to serve humanity, and, when such a spirit shall have become general, humanity will have found a remedy for the ills that do now confront us. The spirit of the Crucifixion must lay hold upon humanity if the world is to be redeemed. I f this is' true, as many leaders of men hold that it is, then there rests upon the Christian forces of the world an unspeakably great responsibility. We must hasten to the very ends of the earth with the Gospel of Christ. We must point men everywhere to the" image of the invisible God" and beg them to bow in worship bofore Him. We must preach Christ as the world's one ray of hope in this great emergency. Nor should we forget that before we can preach the Cross of Christ in convincing power, we must live it. There must be in our own conduct the spirit of our Master's crucifixion. A great hindrance in missionary work today is the fact that our own practice is inconsistent with our preaching. If the spirit of Christ was really dominating our life in America, men in all other lands would be asking, "In whose name and by what power have ye done this ~" Let us hasten, therefore, to apply these principles to our own lives and to our problems in America, while, at the same time, we share with men everywhere that knowledge of the invisible God which has been given to us through Jesus Christ.

In preparation for our part in the task of meeting the present day emergency, let us try to dwell in our own living and thinking under the shadow of the Cross of Christ. As we lose ourselves under the spell of that Cross, we shall be enabled to give expression to it in our conduct as individuals and in our attitude as a nation; we shall be enabled by deed, as well as by word of mouth, to help furnish the remedy required for the healing of the nations.

MBTHODS

MRS. E. C. CRONK, EDITOR, 1612 GROVE STREET, RICHMOND, VA.

A MEDLEY OF MISSIONARY METHODS FROM THE SUMMER CONFERENCES Many thousands of people have attended the 1921 summer conferences. Many thousands more have wanted to go. Those who have been in one or more conferences, as well as those who could not attend, will be interested in a medley of missionary methods made up of suggestions that were carried out in some conference or were suggested by delegates. September and October are the months in which the missionary organizations that have been packed away in moth balls for the vacation season should be taken out and made ready for winter wear; and in which those societies which are good for twelve months a year should be ready with carefully wrought plans to bring new life to the work for fall and winter.

PLANNING YOUR WORK AND just the type of publicity that is WORKING YOUR PLANS neelled. A temporary division of 1. Make a Definite Outline of Plans. membership into sections sometimes results in a larger enlistment and One reason so many people do not' more effective work. Among the secarrive is that they do not know where tions there might be: they are going. Decide upon the mission study textbooks to be used, the A Publicity Section,charged with number of classes required to reach making known the missionary meetthe different ages, conditions and lo- ings and message. Their work could calities represented in the church, the be done through newspapers, bulleprogram and business meetings, the tins, telephones, posters (in cooperamass meetings, the story hours for the tion (with Arts Section) and in other cl;tildren, the financial plans for the ways they might devise. The plan year. Representatives of the differ- of having each member "tell three" ent organizations in the church should means that in a society of thirty meet together to make effective a members ninety people will receive a working plan of missionary education personal message about the meeting, for the entire church. or some people will receive several messages. 2. Divide the Work. An Arts and Crafts Section which There are "gifts differing" just as should enlist the members of artistic truly as there are different types of talent and those who can do hand service needed. There may be women work. No church has yet developed who cannot give an address who can an adequate wall program. There are give a home in which a social meeting untold possibilities for pictures, may be held. There may be men who charts, mottoes, and also for hand cannot furnish music who can furnish work, especially for boys and girls.

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11 Music Section to be responsible reach not only everyone in the congrefor the musical program for the year. gation but others in the commuhity. A pastor studied carefully all the best A. Social, Section to plan the social methods given in a summer conference activities and see that they are carried and then outlined the following for out in the most effective way. his own church: A. Dramatic Section to present A. series of six weeks of mission simple impersonations and dramati- study based on the topics of "The zations at the meetings, and arrange Kingdom and the Nations." As many for a pageant sometime during the mission study classes as needed to year if desirable. reach the congregation. The thought of the whole congregation to be cen- A. Mission Study Section re- tered, the first week on Japan and sponsible for outlining and carrying Korea, the second week on China, etc. out a mission study program. Each week an exhibit in the church of pictures, charts on the country under A. Bible Study Section to promote consideration and views and objects Bible study, especially in the homes. illustrating the life, religion and cus- toms of the people. The children's A. Business Section which should sermon on Sunday morning to have a plan especially for business and finan- story of that country. A special Suncial methods in the society. day night service on missions in that country. An attractive poster dis- A. Service Section to study defi- played on the community bulletin nitely the service the society should board in the public square. A readrender and to outline and carry out ing program circulating books and a program of service in the commun- leaflets on the subject, with possibly ity, in packing missionary boxes, etc., a declamation contest and a stereoptietc. con lecture to close with. Special prayer at the public services for the 3. Have a Leaders' Meeting land to be studied, and a prayer list furnished each member giving special Bring together for conference the needs and opportunities of the work, chairmen of sections or committees or so that allmay be praying in private the program leaders, or whoever is and at family altars. charged with special responsibility, so that all the work may be coordi- IT WORKS WITH US nated. One president has an annual president's luncheon to which are in- "What are some of the best methods vited the twelve members who are you have tried in your church 1" was responsible for the twelve program a question asked in a number of summeetings, the officers and the chair- mer conferences. Here are some of men of committees. the answers: 4. Take Out Last Sunday's Flowers A Post Card Tour Literally, the wilted flowers of last A woman spent long, tiresome Sunday's meeting do not make the weeks in the hospital. A thoughtful most inspiring atmosphere for this friend relieved the tedium by sending Sunday's service. Figuratively, her a post card.each day illustrating leaders may learn a lesson from en- and describing some place in historiterprising merchants. Right after cal Newburyport, Mass. These cards Christmas all the Christmas cards and were passed around the wards until decorations come down and people are most of the patients became much ininvited to face the New Year. There terested in the daily arrival of the are literally hanging on the walls of post card. Why could not the plan some church parlors the announce- be adapted for missions ~ All the ment of events of a year ago. Take out last Sunday's Flowers. Put in fresh ones. Announce this year's plans, topics and study courses.

5. Reach the Entire Congregation lIake your plans big enough to

BEST METHODS

Boards have post cards of hospitals, teacher. or officer from the Sundayschools, churches and various other school; one member of the missionary forms of work. Additional cards committee of the Young People's Socould easily be made by cutting pic- ciety of Christian Endeavor; one reptures from' magazines and pasting resentative of the woman's missionary them on ordinary post cards. A series society. of daily calls from missionaries through post cards containing their This committee meets once a month pictures and a few facts about each and outlines the missionary program would be interesting. A personal for the entire church. In this way, message could be added to each card. the work of the various organizations A few lines each day describing some is coordinated and many features that field or feature of missionary work would not be introduced by anyone might be used in this way to circulate organization are made possible by the information among a group of people discussion and cooperation of all. For who would not get it in any other way. two years this church has arranged, It is easier to pass around one's post in so far as possible, to have each orcards in a hospital than it is to secure ganization studying the same topic the attendance of some of the patients during the same month, with a speaker at a missionary meeting. on that topic at one of the Sunday evening services during the month. A Missionary Birthday Dinner The Business Section Both men and women were invited to this dinner, for the women who gave An evening missionary meeting for it had a deep seated conviction that business women who cannot attend the men in their church, as well as the the usual afternoon session is reported women, needed some additional mis- by many societies as the plan which sionary information and inspiration. has developed the most efficient sec- There were twelve tables, each deco- tion of their organization. rated to represent a month of the year. Advance information as to the Enlisting New Church 'Members birth month of guests made it possible to have the right number of places at Few churches have a systematic each table. Guests were seated ac- plan for prompt enlistment of new cording to the months i~ which their members in missionary activity. In birthdays came. To furnish delight- the Webb Horton Memorial Presbyful variation from the usual order the terian Church of Middletown, New men served the meal. Each guest York, when new members are received made a birthday gift of money ·for into the church, the secretary of the each year of life in a Christian land. session hands their names and ad- A delightful, social good time was fol- dresses to the chairman of the memlowed by a stirring missionary talk. bership committee of the missionary society. Each new member receives Coordination and Cooperation a call and is invited to join either the women's missionary society, the West- In many churches there are half a minster Guild, the Boy Scouts, or dozeu or more organizations working some other working organization of entirely independently of each other. the church. while no one has outlined a plan of missionary education with the whoie A Family All'air rongregation included. The Webb Horton Memorial Church of Middle- Center Congregational Church of town, New York, has a church mis- Hartford, Conn., plans mission study sionary committee 'composed of five for the whole family. During Lent a members selected or appointed as fol- school of missions is conducted with lows: A general chairman: One classes for juniors at 5 P.M:.; a cafemember of the churQh session; one teria supper for the whole family at six; study class for intermediates and adults at seven and an assembly hour at eight with a mie6i<JIl(l.ry- address.

Mi.sionary Rooms whom had his route worked out care- fully. Guide posts about the grounds A number of Sunday-schools are displayed signs: "This way to furnishing missionary rooms. The China, " "4000 miles straight over the walls are covered with missionary pic- hills to India," "See America First." tures and mottoes. Cabinets are filled with curios or objects of especial mis- At suitable places the various missionary interest. One person is in sion fields were located. Missionaries charge and a different class is invited present or delegates to whom assignto the missionary room each Sunday. ment had been made, were there in This plan has many advantages, but costume to receive the party. Piccare must be taken not to confine the tures, maps and objects which illusmissionary atmosphere to this one trated the life and customs of the room. The furnishing of a special people were displayed. Each group missionary room should not mean that planned the presentation of missionthere are no missionary pictures on the ary need, opportunity and work in the walls of the class rooms. Such a room field. Each party remained from ten should be "in addition to" and not to fifteen minutes in each field and "instead of." then continued its tour to the next field. At a given hour all met to- A Point for Reading Contests gether for discussion and prayer, and for the homeward journey. Most of the churches are having reading contests in some form, to en- Sbnple Dramatic Presentations courage the reading of current missionary periodicals and books, as well One of the features of the Los as the missionary classics. A new Angeles School of Missions was the point has been added which gives a dramatic presentation of the main mother credit for the missionary books points of the various chapters of the she reads aloud to her children, or text book, "The Kingdom and the Nawith her children. By the addition of tions," arranged by Mrs. Milton Fish. this point every woman in the mission- Some of these were given in about ten ary society who has children should minutes, in the Methods period. A make the reading of the two junior number of them have been printed in study books part of her annual read- the Leaders' Helps published by th!' ing, and -the childless may be inspired United Study Committee. to look around for opportunities among the children of the -neighbor- New Star. in Service Flags hood homes and institutions. Some of the summer conferences Around the World in Ninety Minute. are making the adding of new stars to the service flag a feature of their Local churches can adapt this plan closing session. The service flag has which is a composite of plans worked a large cross of white with a back- 'out at several conferences. It is ground of blue above and red below suitable for inside as well as outside. the arms of the cross. White stars· The various rooms or corners in the below the arms represent the missionchurch may be effectively utilized, or aries who have been delegates in the automobiles may take the parties to conference prior to their going out to various homes. It would be a good the field. Gold stars above the arms feature for a meeting in the woods or represent those who have given their in a park. lives in the service. At the closing session at Northfield seven new stars Starting point-the desk at a sum- were added this year, to the 65 that mer conference. Delegates who were before the conference during the booked their passage the preceding session. One gold star was added also. day received pink slips and were as- The new stars were for the missionsigned in parties of twenty-five to aries who were under appointment to strikingly attired guides; each of sail during the year.

Missioary Refreah;menb with Breaking the World's Record . Information The largest number of subscrip- tions ever selj.t in by one conference The First Methodist Church of to the MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE Pittsfield, Massachusetts, enlisted WORLD came from the Foreign Mismany women, spread much social good sion Conference at Northfield this cheer and circulated a large amount year. It was done by a few minutes of missionary information· at a recent public presentation of the value of meeting. The meeting was called for the REVIEW, followed by a show of ten A.M. at the home of one of the hands, of those who wished to submembers. From that hour until noon scribe by sections in the large audineedles and thread had the right of torium. About one hundred hands way and garments for the French or- went up and delegates were asked to phans were completed. At noon, leave their subscriptions at the table luncheon was served. It was not an of the Central Committee as they unusual luncheon, but a most unusual went out. In the lecture period service that compelled immediate and Mrs. Montgomery followed up what continued interest. had been done by the text book lecturer, emphasizing the REVIEW Chop suey a Ia Korean was served by a as a missionary necessity for those who wished to be intelligent young lady in Korean costume. workers. A number of delegates Italy, in costume, mad<l a contribution of offered to secure clubs of five new subscribers, and went to work bemacaroni and cheese. tween sessions to tell delegates who From East India came real chutney. were not acquainted with the REVIEW A dainty maid from China offered rice what it would mean to their· work. Another platform announcement was cakes. made and it was suggested that dele- From South Africa came the fruit com· gates make gift subscriptions to friends or to those who should be pote. named by leaders who knew where North Africa sent dates by a Mohamme· such SUbscriptions would be of great value. A final challenge from Mrs. dan woman. Montgomery to break the world's rec- Bulgaria contributed peanuts. ord brought the number of subscrip- French maidens serv~d the French ice tions up to two hundred and fifty.

cream. From Your Family Altar A little Japanese maid timidly offered How far do you "go into all the Japanese cakes. world" from your family altar V A Mexico brought coffee. Harrisburg, Pa., subscriber to the Spanish South America served the nuts. REVIEW writes: "In order that our prayers may have something of the At three o'clockthe regular business Great Commission scope we have been meeting of the society was called in making use of the' News From Many the drawing room. The fourteen Lands' feature of the REVIEW for the women and girls in costume who had past few years in connection with our served the luncheon each gave a few family altar. This fits in splendidly facts about mission work in the coun- with our plan of learning something try she represented. MissAlice Appen- of some mission field each day and zeller, the first white child born in making the information the basis of Korea and a teacher in a Korean prayer. Our schedule is: school spoke of the work and needs of the Pear Blossom School in Monday-North America Seoul. The ninety women who Tuesday-Latin AmeriQ<t were present were not satis- W ednesday-Eu~ope. fied with one offering but made three, for in addition to their regular Thur"day-Afri~ offering, they gave money for shoes to go in the box of clothing to France, and took a share in the budget of the Pear Blossom School in Korea. The good that can be accomplished by a generous and gracious hostess, with a beautiful and spacious home can be accomplished on a smaller scale anywhere.

Friday-The Moslem W.orld "Heal the sick" He added, "Cleanse Saturday–;-India, Burma and Ceylon the lepers," lest w_e should forget Sunday-China, Japan, Korea them.

Following out this schedule, this At a United Brethren Church in morning for instance, which is Friday, Ohio a plan which requires little ann we read the news item on page 570 of gives large returns in interest was the Julv REVIEw-'Letter of Moslem tried. The requirements are: Converts,' and made that the basis of our prayer." 1. A small boy who owns a refiecto- scope or stereopticon with post card A High School Teacher's Way attachment.

She was a Baltimore high school 2. A letter to Mr. W. M. Danner, teacher of commercial subjects and 156 Fifth Avenue, New York, which naturally her mind ran along commer- will bring about forty photographs, cial methods. When she taught chap- showing work among lepers. ter II of the "Near East" she an- nounced to her class that they were to 3. An invitation to a group of have a lesson in bookkeeping. The people to come to see some interesting members who were not commercially pictures. inclined groaned. She met the groan- ers with a simple explanation of debits 4. Some one who will study care- and credits. If a man goes to the fully the pictures and be prepared to store and buys merchandise without explain them; or half a dozen or more paying for it, it is charged to his ac- people who will each take several piccount. If the store receives something tures and be ready to tell of them. from him he expects credit for it. Applegarth Pledge Plans The teacher then passed out small ledgers which she had made by cut- Margaret Applegarth's name has ting double sheets of foolscap paper come to stand for missionary methods into four parts, making for each book that open the door to the hearts of four leaves or eight pages, about three young people by quaint and striking . or four inches deep and the full width appeals, so that real spiritual messages of the foolscap. Covers were made may enter. In her own club of girls, out of the backs of discarded old whose ages range from thirteen to ledgers or of brown paper. Each thirty she makes very clear the pur- page had a double line across the top pose of the missionary gifts and the and one down the middle. The pages work they do. Here are four of her and cover were fastened together with plans for special gifts as outlined in one fastener. the Christian Herald. The fact that they are not plans of an impractical After a ledger had been given to theorist but the working program of a each member, the leader explained successful practitioner commends that in the credit account was to be them. placed everything to the credit of the peoples studied in that chapter, while The Watch that Made the Dollar Famous. in the charge entries were to be given Before the meeting a number of small the evil influences they had exerted. watches had been cut from white cardboard, 'The discussion was animated. Each little two·inch circles with a "stem" jutting member made .her own entries and out at one end. Twelve figures for hours each had a more thorough under· were printed on the dial, with two hands- st.anding of the chapters because of every watch telHng a different time! this definite plan of study. Through the stem a string necklace was run, and as each girl came to the meeting a Don't Forget the Lepers watch was hung around her neck, causing many amusing remarks during supper: It mnst have been that our Master "What time are you, Marie f" "Oh, you're thought there was a possibility that slow-no wonder you're ;tlways late! " we would, for so often when he said, Once during the supper we asked every· body to hold her watch to her ear and say: "Tick! Tick! Tick! Tick!" for several minutes, until through the hilarity the girls began asking: "What do you suppose these funny watches are for, anyhow'"

BES'f METHODS

When the tiIue for explanations came a sang for us "At Even Ere the Sun Was chart was displayed which showecl this state- Ret." Then the leader spoke of how we mQnt: ~eel when some one we love is sick. Nothing IS too much to do, the untolel love we shower " YOU on them, the pillows we smooth, the broths we eook, the prayers we pray, the suffering can suppo,.t .ALL the wo,." of our we feel ourselves because they feel it. Yet Woman '8 Forei.qn Mission Societll all the time, within reac'h, is the doctor, the nurse, the drug store, the hospital. Graph- i. e. ically she pictured the Orient, the horrible ]<,:'l'erll school, el'ery scholar, every teacher; quack doctors whose sole rcnledies are burn- E-rery hospital, every doctor, every T)atient J' ings, shakings, piercing.; then the balm of that mission hospital beel, its softness and Et'cry B'l~ble woman, ercry JI'IA.fSC, every elcanness and the magic touch of trained ct'a?lgdist hands.

for In one year fl whole procession of weary little invalids will lay their heads on the pil- ()ne hou'l' ful' ………. $Sl.20 low of that beel-a horde of curious rela. tives win come to visit, and linger to learn 1:i! hour i(d ……….. l':i.(-)() the wonderful love of the Lord Jesus. ~ hour for . …….. ,. '7.so Anel for $50 this procession of invalids is ours to cure for one year, $25 for six months One m41~ute for. . . . . . . . .52 etc. Let each giYe in memory of the hour~ of anguish over some loved invalid in our Accurate figures can be obtained by any homes, or in thanksgiving for the care we local society by taking the total budget of its ourselves had received. Every girl made a national society and dividing it by twelve pledge on the back o.f that little bed and months, subdividing this one month '8 cost sang with new vision the beautiful hymn: by four to :find a week, dividing the week's "We May Not Climb the Heavenly Steeps cost by seven to find a day, etc., down to an to Bring the Lord Christ Down." Leaflets hour, qnarter hour and minute. on medical missions were distributed.

The whole force of the appeal lies with Lighting the Ch1'istmas Candles. The the one who presents it. She must 'graphi- pledge cards were little candles cut from cally picture the glorious responsibility of blue, piuk, green and yellow cardboard, with being" a Miss Baptist (or whatever the de- flame painted yellow. On the hack side was nomination is) Atlas holding up all the world printed: "The spirit of man is the candle of Baptist women's work on your shoulders of the Lord_" The names and addresses -all our schools, all our teachers, all our were to be written on the candle, the amonnt scholars, "II our hospitals, etc., etc. Your in the flame-significant of the fact that very own, my dear, for onc hour, or one money is our share in spreading the "Light minute. Hov many minutes can you take'" of the world" everywhere. As it was The girls were then asked to hold ·their Christmas time we sang, "Oh, Little Town watches to their ears again, and. this time of Bethlehem' , and" Holy Night," and just th<>y murmured Over and over and over: "52 before the plei!ging a little girl in a woolly cents a min-ute! 52 cents a min-ute!" nightgown held a lighted candle and in the While they w<>re doing this, some one played twilight sang UB "Away in a Manger, No softly on the piano, "One More Day '8 Crib for a Beel. ' , Work for Jesus," and in the quiet searching of those unspoken words the pled.ges The atmosphere thus prepared, the leader were written. toJcl us how we love to see the candles lighted in every window for the Christ-child, A surprising number of girls took five or yet in home after home, in mud hut after ten minutes, and several took a quarter of mud hut, there can be no candle for the an hour. Only three took a minute! As Christ-chilel because there is no light for the the pledges were collected we sang "Take little human candle of the child in that Time to be Holy," and prayer followed that house. But in Assam, for instance, $50 wiII we might spend the time we had "taken" run a village school for one year, lighting in reading and praying for the work au the the candle of t he Lord in several hundreel other side of the world. One hundred anel of the dear little brownies, thUA making the ninety dollars was the amount pledged; pictures graphic. The piano played" Holy we had only needed $75, but with singular Night" while we wrote our canelle pledges insight hael not announced that SUIll, so showing how long we eould burn! that nobody felt limited. Leaflets descriptive of the society's work in the worlc1 Garment Givers. For a pre~Easter money- Were distributed. raising, try picturing "the day when the Lo"l Jesus rode into Jerusalem anel His fol- Dear Invafid proved to be our most touch- lowers spread their garments before Him. ing appeal, following a medical missionary In a sweeter, dearer va.y we, too, are seeing program. For this we had bed pledge cards Him every year going forth along the King's with a nice round little yellow head squint- highway entering heathen citierl and viIIall'e~ ing up from the pillow. On the baek was written: "Most Honorable and Healthy Female, misery has attacked my unworthy and insignificant interior. I please you give me "omething for my continuing in this heaven- Jy bed."

As we sat in the soft candlelight somebody

across the sea. In love and loyalty let us can't possibly get to your meeting." spread at His feet some of our garments- "~ait a minute," said the friend, or the worth of them." anticipating the hanging up of the For pledge cards use attractive pictures telephone receiver, "If I have an au- of dresses, hats, shoes, furs, sweaters, col- tomobile call at your office at eleven lars, etc., etc., cut from some fashion mag- o 'clock and have you back there at azine, with heavy paper pasted across the twelve, could you come T" back. On this paper write: "And they spread their garments before Him," leaving " Yes," was the quickly calculated two lines for name and amount. answer of the busy worker who had said, " No," when she thought of the Before distributing the cards the leader time and strength-consuming compli- should explain what wonders the money we cations of street cars, elevateds and spend on clothes will do across the sea; for subways. this use a big chart on which are pasted at- tractive fashionable pictures of wearing ap' As they rode along the friend said: parel, as: "One of the greatest among Christian women of New York owns this "con- HSilk Dress-$19.98. or secrated automobile." She puts it at 7 months' support of a village school in the disposal of her pastor one day of India where 100 cute brownies can dress every week and so greatly enlarges their ignorant minds in Christian thoughts !" the circle he is able to reach. She makes it one of her contributions to "Easter Hat-$5.79, or the committees on which she serves, a village school kept open two whole and now it is helping the cause of the months where chUdren can fill the insidJes of their heads whUe I cover the outside of Union Colleges." mine!" At least one gift of $500 resulted "Wool Sweater-$4.00. or from that meeting. One woman had salary of a Bible woman for eight weeks, the talent for arranging the meeting, while she enters 200 homes and tells 800 another the talent of wealth, a third the talent of a voice, but the talent people about Christ." that brought them together was a consecrated automobile. The list may be extended almost in- definitely by including shoes; hair nets, LITTLE THINGS THAT COUNT talcum powder and other artIcles of personal adornment or lUxury in a way to make ,'One of the most active and devoted the appeal most vivid_ members of our Missionary Society fell and broke her hip. A 'surprise On one occasion, in a large church gath~r­ box' with a month of suringj we emphasized the. open d?ors for mIS- prises was sent to her. It was filled sionary work and used httle ~rlental houses, witli packages containing inexpensive Indian tepees and Alaskan Igloos for our little gifts and cheering messages pledge cards. On the back of each was from the various members of the so: printed: "Behold I have set before thee an ciety. A package and a note were open door_" (Rev. 3: 8). The evening's to be opened each morning." program of recitations and _i~personations had quaintly featured the millIons of people One Literature Secretary had a patiently waiting behfnd these opened doors case resembling a shoe pocket made of -waiting for the missionary to e~ter. Here green denim. It contained fifty again a chart showed what defimte sums of pockets the size of the leaflets she money would accomplish. wanted to bring to the attention of various meetings imd individuals. She It should not be difficult to obtain the ma- filled the pockets with leaflets, fastterials for these pledge cards. Colored and ening a sample copy of each on the white scraps -of cardboards probably can be outside. In this way she could obtained free of charge from your church spread her whole literature exhibit printer, who is continually throwing such on a table or hang it on a wall, yet odds and ends into his waste-basket. At pack it up in a few minutes. least that has been true in our ease and we. have'had no trouble in finding scraps exact- ly suited to our purposes.

Other Ways to Help.

~HO SECURED THE $500'

A woman who is much interested in the Union Christian Colleges of the Orient called up a friend in New York and said, "~ill you present the call of the colleges at a meeting on Tuesday morning Y, , "I'm sorry," was the answer, "but I'm leaving the city that day and I

Woman's Home Mission

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City.

INTERESTING STUDY BOOKS presented when with the various mi- ~rant groups we move swiftly, follow- From Survey to Service mg the harvest, camping with the A year of interesting travel awaits "hobo, ,., lumbering and logging with all who are to study the new Home the nomad of the forest, living with Mission…;; textbook. From West Indian waters to Arizona's arid stretches, to the seasonal worker, sojourning for a Dakota's prairies and on to Alaskan snows the journeys will take us. space with the student (seldom While frequently mission study has thought of as a "migrant,") and recbeen concentrated on one group of people, one section of America, or one reating at resorts with the tourist and phase of the task facing us here, this year we shall tour the whole field, sur- vacationist. vey map in hand. The trip will not be taken in ease gliding where the To study the barrier of difference highway of the Lord has been made smooth and straight, but in a service will be the goal of the fourth day a car we shall seek out the stretches of poor road to learn what these sections veritable wall of granite needing to'be need of foundation or topping, and as real road builders we shall ponder the surmounted. Environmental differproblems of placement and construc- ~nce, ~he occupational barrier, foreign tion. Dr. H. Paul Douglass supplies the vehicle to carry us on this trip. emqhueinpmtaenncteh,~ndicciatyps, differentiations agricultural mi: The fimt day of our trip will take us to a "wind-swept expanse" and grations,-these are all parts of the among other things we shall see how the Church comes to the prairie, how problem. And some involve all three church membership varies primarily factors of distance, transience and difas density of population, and how to find the causes of success or failure in ference,-problems inviting to real Home Missions. missionary road engineers. ~~~P:ro!ub:le!m~nsgDa~n~~dr~o~b~s:t,aec:les?r!wj~ialilli~b:e; Then we shall steer through the un- c~rtain sands of prejudice,-preju- dlce of varying forms and strength: color, provinciality, labor, nationality race, religion. We shall study ho; to cement friendship and to "success- fully offer Christ."

New aspects are presented by Dr.

Douglass when we view the economic str~ggle within the family group, the s~t~nnk~~e!ioofg:y~oru~~th~fa~g~a~ian~st~~flatr~m:ol:a:bio!r Economic Conflict. When discussing struggle, urban industry and large dI.stance we shall detour to Hawaii, socfalheoprnroedmucitsisoinon, athrye " economic co re" P orto Rico, Haiti, Santo Domingo, problems. Alaska and then speed to the "western W est. " Ideas novel to many of us This trip will be equally interestwill be presented: systematic evangel- ing to men and to women. Dr.

Douglass has been a teacher of philos- ism" over the wires," the cortespon- ophy, a pastor, and a Bfoorarmd asnecyreyteaarry~'" while his father was dence church, the "killing range" of dI·Stance problems f sIuowpear. intIetnidsetnhteroeffoHreomfroemMaiswsiiodnes in a town. Th e ex- 0 rural areas, of town communities and of the city church will be carefully perience that facts and suggestions considered. are presented. To assist the leader of each "per- Very interesting scenery will be sonally conducted tour" there is a 719 . —

supplement" for use with the text- who tells the stories comprising sucbook; one by Dr. Miles B. Fisher, full ceedingchapters, each story depicting of fine suggestions for leaders of study ljfe in a different sort of home. classes, and one by Alice M. Guernsey "Felipe of the Golden Bananas," who for leaders of program meetings. For lived in Porto Rico, Noadluk and several years past a series of devo- Keok, boys of Alaska, Aurora and her tional services has, under separate big brother Manuel, Mexican migrants cover, accompanied the textbook. in a cannery community, Liza and_ This year the services have been incor- Tito, Italian new comers to America, porated in the supplement by Miss dwellers in the crowded foreign sec- Guernsey, the pages being p.erforated tion of a large city, Charles and to enable wider use. Helen, children in an American home full of comforts, Rose Ellen and Jim Pa.ying Square with Tom.orro'W Grange of the orphanage, all are real personalities having varied, interest- You and the crowd are contrasted ing experiences. in this study bookt for young people. You stand at the cross-roads of Self- The children will love Rose Ellen interest and Service; you look back about whom the whole book is woven, and see who "They" have been and -Rose Ellen who" always liked to be what "They" have said and done; first when there was anything unusual you look ahead and see one road lead- on hand," who felt things by instinct ing to challenging needs and oppor- and acted by impulse, the impulse of tunities for service, and the other to a true, frank little heart. self-interest and self-gratification, and before you finish the six chapters the The book should be begun at such a choice will have been made. time that the last chapter will be read near the Christmas season. The While scanning the road you will Leader's Manual follows the project have had glimpses of rural communi- method and is replete with suggesties, new Americans, migrant workers, tions for class activities and service, Negroes, Indians and Spanish-speak- written by Alma N. Schilling, who ing folk in the United States, of Alas- has actually tried out the suggestions ka, Porto Rico and Cuba, all needing on groups of boys and girls. you, 'and you will have -discovered ways to serve. The author warns CONFERENCE ON CHRISTIAN you: "If you choose a life of service in your college, school or community, EDUCATION you will need more than your own brains and cleverness. You will need Last May a conference of many of the strength of the indwelling God. the agencies of Christian education You will need the leadership of was held for two days at Garden City, Jesus. " Long Island, N. Y. These agencies were as follows: The Federal Coun- Stay-at-Home Journeys cil of the Churches of Christ, the var- ious organizations dealing with the The Home Mission study bookt for Sunday-school, the Religious Educaboys and girls is thus entitled. The tion Association, the Missionary Edufirst chapter introduces us to an or- cation Movement, the Y. M. C. A., phanage and to the Ijady Beautiful the Y. W. C. .A., the Board of Mission- ary Preparation, organizations of the • "From Survey to Service," cloth, 75 cents; Theological Seminaries. of Biblical paper, 50 cents; Supplements, 15 cents each; Instructors, of church workers, the procurable at denominational beadquarters. Christian Endeavor, the Council of Women for Home Missions, the Stu- t "Playing Square with Tomorrow," by Fred dent Volunteer Movement and the Eastman, cloth, 75 cents: paper, 50 cents; Association of Daily Vacation Bible Supplement by May Huston for leaders of study Schools. Various denominational classes and discussion groups, 15 cents: Supple- agencies were also represented. ment by Mabel P. Stecker for leaders of program meetings, 15 cents; obtainable at denominational headquarters.

t "Stay-at-Home Journeys," by Agnes Wilson Osborne, cloth} 60 cents; 40 cents paper; Manual, Hi cento.

1921J THE WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN 72i

The conference was held in response days, and must be grappled with as such; and that to deal with it all the churches to action taken at the Quadrennial must do so together." . . . meeting of the Federal Council in Boston, December 1-6, 1920; "in view of "We need to conceive our task not so much as bringing the youth back to the the pressing need for a larger program Church, but of making the Church really meet the rightful interests and needs of the of Christian education which shall be vouth.' , comprehensive and inclusive….. . and the necessity for the cooperation • "There should be a community system of religious education. The churches have a of these (several educational) responsibility for educating the whole com- agencies. ' , munity. Groups which ought to be in touch Educational responsibility and pro- with the churches are overlooked either for lack of definiteness in parish boundaries or gram were considered from various because of the overlapping and separateness angles of the Church, the local com- of the church agencies and the allied agen· cies outside of the Church." munity, and centers of higher learn- "The programs of the churches must be ing. Dr. Robert E. Speer presided and summarized (1) the present edu- correlated in order to minister to the indi- vidual most effectively. . . Vigorous cational agencies, their diversity and specialization is entirely compatible with a better correlation. The kind of correlation importance, the need for considera- ,"hiGh is needed does not mean at all a subtion of means of relating them to one merging of any program. It is not a case another, (2) "the clearer discernment of needing 'either specialization or correla- today of the power of education and tion,' but both." "The churchos must accept the responsiof the necessity of right ideas and a right conception of life as the bility for a community system of religious foundation for individual and social education. . In Gary, Indiana, seventy-two per cent of the pupils in the first well-being," (3) the "fuller insight six grades are now in the comm,mity school of religious education.. . To develop into the magnitude of the problems a genuinely efficient school of week·day reconfronting the Church today in the ligious education, correlated with the public educational field," (4) the hopeful school system, would take away the chief ar- features in the present situation, and gument of the Roman Catholics against the public school." "While we cannot hope to (5) the call for (a) a spirit of mutual cooperate with the Roman Catholics in the trust and understanding, (b) some maintenance of schools for week-day religcommon plan that will coordinate the ious instruction, we can at least cooperate efforts, and (c) a larger number of with them, and the Jews also, to the extent of insisting together on the right of the men and women who will become child to have religious training as an integral apostles of the cause of Christian edu- part of education and in insisting further cation. that time be allowed for this on the part of The scope and content of the public school authorities. Within the field Church's teaching work was analyzed. of the Protestant churches themselves there We can give but a few sentE'nces from is no reason why any church which prefers the speeches and informal discussions: to have its own week·day school may not do so without preventing other churches from "The whole life of the Christian Cb71rch having a common school. By experimentais an educational enterprise. Not evangelism tion in this way we will gradually discover or education, but evangelism through edu- the further steps in advance."

cation, is the work of the Church. Its Lengthy consideration was given to educational work is thus no single special. the Church's educational work in cenized department in a complex program of ters of higher learning. It was recactivities, it is rather coextensive with the ognized that "there is urgent need for Church's life and fellowship; it is itself the whole complex program. The educa· a more vital relation between the tional work of the Church is obviously more theological seminary and the rest of the than a mere means to its own self·perpetu· educational program of the churches ation, or even to the training of its own so as to secure a greater homogeneity leadership; it is a fundamental and es· sential part of its ministry and service to and continuity of the fundamental edthe world." , , We must get it into the minds of all ucational elements," and that "be- tween the college and the university, Christian people that religious education is on the one hand, and many of the denot a matter of Sunday only but of week-

nominational seminaries on the other, of the National Women's Home Misthere is a very little unity of approach sion Boards and Societies by consultain educational method or point of tion and cooperation in action," the view. " Council of Women for Home Mis- sions considers the interdenomina- "The colleges and universities have a tional School of Missions a strategic larger percentage of church people than the field of endeavor, a fertile soil for average community, yet they are being lost mi~sionary propaganda, and a vital to the Church. Some far more effective way arm of service in making" Our Counmust be found of convincing them of the try-God's Country." Therefore, significance of the Church and of their reo the Council welcomes affiliation with sponsibility to it." every interdenominational school which has for its plans and purposes " Anyone who is in touch with the centers those things for which it stands. It of higher learning is convinced that though has a standing Committee on Schools there are fewer organized religious meetings of Missions and has provided suggesthe religious spirit is as strong as ever and tive measures by which the Council that what is most needed is an appeal great and the schools may be mutually helpenough to make the work of the Church ap· ful in advancing the cause of Christ pear as a real challenge to service. • • . in our homeland. In this connection the missionary task, as a concrete presentation of a great program of An interdenominational School of the "Church claiming their allegiance, is of Missions which has three or more cospecial significance." operating denominations whose Wom- en's Boards are Constituent Boards of A Continuation Committee was ap- the Council Of Women for Home Mispointed to study further the present sions may become affiliated with the situation and the ways in which the Council upon recommendation of the most effective cooperation of the ex- Committee on Schools of Missions. isting agencies can be secured, to ar- The Chairman or President of an affilrange for a further conference of rep- iated school is the representative of resentatives of all the agencies of the school in the annual meetings of Christian Education, and to suggest ways in which certain phases of the the Council, with the privileges of the task not yet cared for by any agency floor. should be successfully developed. It is expected that through these steps The Committee on Schools of Mis- "a permanent Council on Christian sions of the Council of Women for Education may be formed, and Home Missions has for its purmay make possible a more adequate program of Christian Educa- pose the rendering of every possible tion." This continuation Committee service to the schools in their efforts has already met and is at work upon toward bringing the sessions to the this vital and fundamental task. highest point of efficiency, by suggest- ing teachers and leaders upon request, SCHOOLS OF MISSIONS and by aiding in the advancement of· all the interests of the schools when By MRS. LUKE G. JOHNSON possible and desired. However, each school is entirely independent in the Schools of Missions, both denomi- management of its meetings and in the national and interdenominational, are provision of its programs. potent factors in the religious and missionary education of the Church. When an affiliated school needs financial assistance for the purpose of The benefits of cooperation with securing a teacher for the Home Misother denominations in the conduct of sion textbook, the Council will grant these assemblies are appealing more and more to denominational schools. $50 per year upon request, this By combined effort a greater oppor- assistance to be maintained for a tunity for study and preparation for period not to exceed three years after Christian service is made possible, and the school has become affiliated. the best speakers and teachers of this and other nations may be secured.

In its endeavor to "unify the efforts

1921J THE WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN

An ideal has been fixed for affiliated CHRIST WITH US !lchools, which, when attained, entitles a school to be rated as a "Standard "Inasmuch as ye did it unto the least of School, ". the following points being these, ye did it unto Me." hl'ceSsarv for such standardization:- I cried aloud, "There is no Christ 1. Affiliation with the Council In all this world unparadised! 2. One or more women clectefl by the Gen· No Christ to go to in my need- No Christ to comfort me and feefl! eral Board or Society of each co· He passed in glory out of sight, operating denomination as members The angels drew Him into light:. • of the School Board or Committee. Now in the lonesome earth and mr 3. Study-Bible I cannot find Him anywhere. 4. Study-Current Home Mission Text· 'Would God that heaven were not so far book And I were where the white ones are J 5. Study-Current Foreign Mission Text· book Then from the gray stones of a street 6. Study-Methods Where goes an ocean drift of feet, I heard a child's cry tremble up, The objectives of a School of Mis- And turned to share my scanty cup. sions are to provide opportunities for When 10, the Ohrist I thought was dead spiritual, educational and physical de- Was in the little one I fed! velopment; to furnish normal train- At this I drew my aching eyes ing for leaders in all church work; to From the far·watching of the skies; train leaders for mission study and other lines of woman's work; to widen And now which ever way I turn horizons; to make possible an un- I see my Lord's white halo burn! hurried study of God's W oi-d, and to Where ever now a sorrow stands, stimulate to Christian activities. 'Tis mine to heal His nail·torn hands; In every lonely lane and street, The activities of a school should 'Tis mine to wash His wounded feetbe determined by the size of the 'Tis mine to roll away the stone school, the needs of the time and place, And warm His heart against my own. and the funds available for current expenses. In every instance there Here here, on earth I find it allshould be a well-balanced program The young archangels white and tall. including different forms of spiritual, The golden city and the doors, educational and physical activities. And all the shining of the floors!

The Council recognizes the School -Edward Markham. of Missions as a ripe field for recruiting for Christian service in the local ATTENTION church, as well as for definite service in larger fields. As a cooperative The following are desired to comagency the Council rejoices in the es- plete the permanent files of the Co~­ tablishment of these schools in wisely cil. If you have a copy you are WIllchosen places, and desires to aid in ing to part with. either cloth or paper, their effectiveness whenever possible. kindly send to the Council of Women To this end correspondence concern- for Home Missions, 156 Fifth Ave., ing the establishment or affiliation of New York City. such schools is invited. Under Our Flag, by Alice M. A WORD TO THE LEADER Guernsey.

The following poems can be effec- The Burden of the City, by Isabelle tively used in connection with the Horton. study books. Indian and Spanish Neighbors, by No one eould tell me where my soul might Julia H. Johnston.

be; The Incoming Millions, by Howard B. Grose. I searched for God but He eluded me; I sought my brother out, and found all three. Citizens of Tomorrow, by Alice M. Guernsey. -Ernest Howard Crosby. Advance in the Antilles, by Howard – •• Communications should be sent to the B. Grose. Chairman of the Committee on Schools ot Missions, Council of Women for Home Missions. Mormonism, the Islam of America, ~56 Fifth Ave., New York City. bv Bruce Kinney. . Some Immigrant Neighbors, by' John R. Henry.

FROM MANY

JAPlN-CHOSEN for two or three hours by the company Dema:ad for the Bible of thoughtful men. Membership is a I N a recent issue of America-Japan coveted privilege, but is limited by the Rev. Kanzo Uchimura, an undenominational Christian preacher has capacity of the dining room to about twenty. Missionary Herald.

an article on "Christianity and J ap- TModern Buddhist Adaptations anese Culture," in which he makes lIE adoption of modern methods some interesting observations. In re- by Buddhists in Japan is a matter ferring to Bible work in the of common knowledge. They have Empire he says: " Christianity chosen Sunday as the day on which to in Japan is now' making little hold preaching services. The sermons progress. All the churches are eX- emphasize national ethics in a way tremely depressed and are making that is very close to Christian preachstrenuous efforts toward a revival. In ing. The most active sects in social this respect it is a period of decay for welfare work are the Nishi Hongwanji Japanese Christianity. But this fact and the Higashi Hongwanji, with does not prove the absence of a de- their main temples at Kyoto. The mand for Christianity among the latter has spent about 540,000,000 yen Japanese. Among hundreds of pub- in eleemosynary work in the past lications, the Bible is the best selling twenty years. They carry on work book in Japan today. The demand is for ex-prisoners, and have a reform not only by the believers, whose num- school for boys. They also have a deber is not quite 200,000, but by all the partment for ministering to about a people of Japan. In other words, million and a half of those low in the there are a very large number of Jap- social scale. They manage a school anese outside the Church who demand for nurses, where about thirty are Christianity. " graduated each year. In other cities Interesting Club in Miyazaki Buddhists have established nurseries for children, orphanages, and hostels A NOVEL piece of missionary for working men. There is now talk work in Miyazaki is a" club of of a nation wide temperance movesome of .the town's elite, mostly non- ment among leaders of Buddhism. In Christians. The members meet once 1919 a school for social workers was a month at Dr. Cyrus A. Clark's established in Tokyo, and had fiftyhome and have a simple meal, six students. The effort seems to be each paying for his own, and to adopt Bmldhism to modern life. while still seated at the table, dis- and make it seem reasonable to those cuss a topic chosen for the evening, as who lead in public opinion. Thus the for example" The God of Christianity work of Christian missions has not and the Gods of Japan," "Chris- only converted a few Buddhists: it is tianity and the Home," "Christianity beginning to sublimate Buddhist and the State." A short passage of ideals and practice. Scripture is read and briefly explained; then comes a short talk by Auditorium for Kobe the pastor or missionary. Informal WHAT will be the largest auditlOlr- expression of opinion follows on the ium in Western Japan is being chosen subject, vigorously carried on planned by the Kwansei Galmin, the 724 educational institution of the Cana- understand. Col. Yamamura said. dian Methodist Mission in Kobe. It , ,She couldn't understand God but He is to seat 1,800 people. The Institute has no main auditorium, but there are understood her. The greatest proof more than seven hundred students in to me today that there is a God is His the theological seminary and the col- answer to my mother's prayer." He leges of literature and commerce, and told his mother that she might give up about eight hundred students in the the practice of refraining from the use academy. When the structure is of eggs for her prayer had been anscompleted, the faculty intend that all wered. She refused to do this on the ground that she should continue it in these 1,500 students and their teach- thankfulness and for thirty years she ers shall meet together in it for a endured this sacrifice. daily service. Missionary Herald.

Koreans Eager for Knowledge Better Health for WOlllen A PPLICATIONS for admission to different schools have increased a A LETTER from a group of women hundred fold during the past year. in Kobe was recently addressed to The Japanese have provided school the National Y. W. C. A. of Japan, ask- facilities for only five-tenths of one ing that an American woman physi- per cent of the children of school age. cian be secured to put on a health All mission schools have thereby been program for the women of Japan. swamped with applications, of which Signatures to the letter were obtained they can accept only aQout twenty per from the governor, the mayor, educa- cent. tional heads and from Dr. Shidehara, a sister of the Japanese ambassador Subscriptions for current literature at Washington. have increased a thousand fold, ac- Where a nation's ethical code in- cording to the Korea Review, pubvolves a woman's neglecting her own lished in Philadelphia. About six health while bending every effort to hundred newspapers and magazines, preserve that of her husband and sons, both Japanese and Korean editions, this program entails a revolution in are in circulation, with about 70,000 thought and practice. paid subscribers among Koreans. If the Japanese Governreent grants free- Saerificial Pl'ayer dom of the press, several hundred more periodical~. will immediately COL. YAMAMURA, Japanese head spring up, and will in a measure sat- of the Salvation Army, tells of the isfy the thirst for knowledge. One experience of his non-Christianmother. periodical which has perhaps a wider When he was' born she began praying circulation than any other is "The to her gods that he might grow up to Independent News." This is not be a good man. The family was ex- printed, but is mimeographed 00: a ceedingly poor and had little to eat small sheet and through couriers is but rice, vegetables and eggs. The secretly distributed aInong the Komother argued that her prayer ought reans. This sheet keep$ the people into cost her something if it were to be formed as to their independence moveeffective so she decided to give up ment. eggs, her only substitute for meat, and to live upon vegetables and rice. She CHINA continued both in prayer and the self- denial until in young manhood her China's Bible Evangelistic Bands boy found Christ. In a beautifully earnest way he describes his return to T HE Biola evangelistic bands, workhis mother to tell her of his new found ing in Hunan Province under the direction of Dr. Frank A. Keller, con- joy. He sought to use the simplest sists of 117 men, each band occupying language in telling her of the true one of nine boats. These men receive God and of Christ. But she could not Bible instruction in the morning, and

the afternoon is spent in visiting the only 400. the men came in twelve renative homes distributing Gospel lays. Dr. Goforth was in charge and tracts and posters. From October, missionaries from nearby stations as- 1919, to July, 1920, 187,247 homes sisted. All the arrangements were were visited, and many conversions orderly and reverent, and it was a day were reported. A Bible school and to be remembered. conference is held every autumn at the foot of the sacred mountain of Nan- Boy Scouts in Fukien yoh, which is visited every year by tens of thousands of pilgrims, and af- A N attempt is being made to standfords abundant opportunity for ardize the Boy Scout Movement in preaching the Gospel. This combina- Foochow. In many of the schools, tion of Bible training and colportage both mission and government, there work is recognized by the missionaries are boy scout troops, but the discipline as one of the most effective missionary and organization leave much to be demethods in China. sired, and the scouts, who ought to be models of good behaviour, have on Dr. Keller, who is supported by the more than one occasion been in trouble Los Angeles Bible Institute, writes: with the police. If a permanent coun- "'Mr. Tan Yu Cheng and his band of cil composed entirely of Christians can twelve evangelists, organized after be secured the Movement may be kept much earnest prayer, went into a from falling into the control of nonwholly unevangelized field in Kiangsi Christian Chinese, and a foundatiolJ lust November. They were in their be laid for more satisfactory results. first district two months and four days, visiting practically every home C. M. S. Review. in every direction for a distance of about five miles. Some two hundred Bible Dictionary Bonfire and forty people seemed to be really moved by the Gospel, and about half MR. ROBERT GILLIES of Shansi of this number gave evidence of hav- in the Biblical Recorder, an Ausing truly accepted Christ. Two fam- tralian paper, writes of an incident in ilies removed all idols f~om their that province last year: "Dr. Hasthomes, some thirty persons attended ings' Bible Dictionary was being the evening Bible classes for enquirers translated. A large, number of and from fifty to sixty students. at- scholarly men at the coast had been tended the Sunday afternoon Bible engaged – on the translation, and classes. A self-supporting society for the book was being advertised Bible study and prayer was organized far and wide. Some of our before the Band left for a new center Bible School students-far away inof 'York." land-saved up their cash to buy the book. At last it arrived, and oh! the ArJllY Bible Cla88 enthusiasm of those students when they saw the gilt lettering and the. REV. R. H. MATTHEWS, of the beautiful illustrations. Then they China Inland Mission recently went to their rooms and began to hunt conducted a series of Bible classes for up this matter and that, consulting it General Feng, at which about 4,000 for the solution of difficulties they had men were in atendance. Most of these had in their minds for years. But were baptized Christians, who had been next day the missionary in charge of converted after joining General the Bible School was himself in diffi- Feng's army. On the closing day 960 culties. The students came to him men were baptized and all partook of and said, 'Please, tell me what I am the Communion, a service in which to do. The Bible says this, and the 4500 took part. Since the "Y" hut Dictionary says that. What am I to in which the service was held seats do l' The end of the story was that the head of the school had to say to

1921J NEWS FROM MANY LAKDS

these men, 'I am sorry about it, I sinister bar of untouchability disap· will buy back your dictionaries at pear in his life time and that on the half-price and we will burn them.' It 6th of April last, he had offered a was touching to see those students prayer to the effect that in his next coming with their beloved volumes birth he might be of the untouchable and handing them in to be burned. " community, so that he might suffer the wrongs and hardships inflicted on INDIA them.

Census Provokes PeOrsecntion In moving one of the resolutions it was observed that according to the T HE desire on the part of Hindus Hindu scriptures only those who com· and Mohammedans to keep down mitted great sins were in their next the number of Christians reported in the recent census resulted in severe birth born ai untouchables, and there persecution in many districts. Rev. H. J. Sheets of Bijur writes that lies, could be no hope for an eminently threats, bribes and flattery were used pious person like Mr. Gandhi to be to induce Christians to enroll as born as an untouchable in the next Hindus. Christians were diSIr,issed life, but if caste distinctions were done from their jobs, preachers were jailed away with, a Brahman or Bania could on false charges, .Many Christians be an untouchable and vice versa in out of fear denied' Christ, but not a this life. few who were as yet unbaptized insisted upon being enrolled as Chris- An Indian Volstead Law tians. One old sweeper was ready to fight the census taker who at first re- T HE members of the sweeper caste fused to number him among the Chris- at Delhi, India, have decided that tians. "True, I have not been bap- any sweeper found violating the local tized," he said, "but Jesus is in my prohibition law is to be beaten fifty heart, " times with his shoes, his moustache is to be shaved off on one side, and a fine Winning Outcastes in Telugu of five cowries is to be imposed. Every member of the caste is an un- A REPORT of the C. }L S. lfission official "prohibition enforcement in Telugu forecasts the winning officer" and there is a reward of from of that country's outcaste community one to five rupees for giving informawithin the next twenty years, if money tion against a person using intoxicat- ing liquors. for required new workers can be as- Slued. The total net increase of adher· Christian Advocate.

ents from ] 916 to 1919 amounted to Bible Faith Mission nearly ]0,000, and the latest returns T HE Bible Faith Mission is carryshow that in 1920 the harvest will be ing on its evangelistic and educa· more than 6000. The secret of this tional activities in five geographical districts in the Madras Presidency. tide is the supplying of teachers to the The feature which differentiates this work from similar activities is that the villages as rapidly as the people ask mission is managed by an Indian. In Madras, Travancore, Tinnevelly and for them. Dnyanodaya, Cochin there are 40 churches, with 3,850 men, women and children. Mr. Gandhi and His Next Life Eighty adults have received baptism, although the Mission is only about ten AN Anti-Untouchability Conference years old. There are 38 elementary was held in Ahmedabad last schools with 1384 pupils. A printing April with Mr. Gandhi as President. press is under the management of the There was a very sparse attendance. Mission, employing 12 operators. The Mr. Gandhi's address was marked by number of workers in the mission is a note of despondence because those he wished to reach were not present. He said that he yearned to see the

102, and the. whole work is more than become a Christian land. . . . . . Hindus half self-supporting. The contribu- would do well to remember the real object tions of the churches total Rs. of the Christian missionaries. It is to Chris· 1,594,156. Christian Patriot. tianize India. Therefore, if they desire to avoid the results, they should have their own schools and colleges, and never send Cooperative Loan Societies their boys and girls to the Christian mis· O NE of the great problems of India sionary schools. Especially the girls; for, is poverty. In the Central Prov- if girls become Christians, they are so many Christian mothers. Dnyanodaya.

ince 149 cooperative loan associations, with 7945 members have been founded Lace Makers of India to overcome this. Practically thirty T HE lace industry is one of the ways in which the women of India per cent of these members are free are being lifted out of despair. About from debt, and the debt o~ others has twenty years ago the wife of a Lu- theran missionary brought home to been reduced fifty per cent. Many America a little box of lace made by Indian women. It was quickly sold have adopted improved implements, and larger possibilities were promptly seen. The Women's Missionary Soothers have planted trees with a view ciety of the Ministerium of Pennsyl- vania began the work, which was later to selling the timber and in the region taken up by the General Council So- ciety, and then by the society of the of Lahore societies have incorporated United Lutheran churches. The lace is displayed at conventions and by inby-laws forbidding extravagant ex- dividuals who are interestE'd enough to write to the chairman to send them penditure on weddings and funerals. a supply for exhibition and sale. Every dollar realized goes back to the Fifty-five societies maintain scholar- women in India, and into the develop- ment of the work. Widows, orphans, ships, and one backward community deserted wives, invalids, cripples, all are among the busy lace makers. has raised 5,000 rupees for a high They are not confined to one village or district, but often come a great disschool. Indian Witness. tance to be taught, and then in turn go out to teach others. About five A Hindu Testimony hundred women are engaged in mak- ing the laces in India which the wom- T HE founder of the Hindu Mis- en in America sell. A single instance sionary Society, Mr. G. B. will show what this work means to Vaidya, just before his recent death, downtrodden women. paid a tribute to Christianity which should challenge the earnest effort of In a palm-leafed hut of one room every devoted missionary. In an 9×9, lives crippled Kantamma, with article in The Hindtl Missionary he blind Mary, her mother. Kantamsays: ma's body is helpless from her hips down. She has no rolling-chair; when Once, a Christian missionary professor in she moves about she places her hands, Northern India said: ' 'Weare here and palms down, on the ground and hava opened schools and colleges, in order swings her body forward. She supthat from North to South and from West ports herself and her blind mother to East, India may soon become a Christian by making lace. Whenever a Chrisland. " This is very frank. It should be tian service is held Kantamma is sure repeated in temples and public places and in Hindu journals, as often as possible, in or· to be there, walking a furlong on her der to make Hindus work to prevent the Cbristianization of India. But the Hindus hands in order to attend. Her eyes are blind and foolish. They won't work. The Christian missionaries will onc day triumph. They will have their desire ful· filled. The last Hindu will be baptized. India will become a Christian land. And whyf Becanse the Hindus are blind and foolish. The Christians are laboring hard to Christianize India. They obey their Mas· ter. . . . . .Hinduism has become helpless and powerless and lifeless: being too much left in the handS of a class that is ever afraid of losing its caste supremacy. It loves stagnation and status quo. It has ever opposed reform . • . . .The Christian mis· sionary prays and educates and heals and nurses and feeds, in order that India may

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS 72!1

tell of the joy she has found in her Greek papers of Constantinople Saviour. The Lutheran. ridicule this step of the Angora gov- ernment. The Orient.

MOSLEM LANDS A Turkish Orthodox Church . Palestine to Have Religious Liberty A BILL introduced in the National SIR HERBERT SAMUEL, High Assembly at Angora to create a Commissioner for Palestine, in adseparate patriarchate of the Greek dressing a representative gathering at Orthodox Church in Asia Minor consists of fourteen points, after the Wil- Jerusalem, declared that Great Brisonian style, as follows: tain would never impose on the Pales- tinian people a policy contrary to 1. The Turkish Orthodox Church is inde· pendent, and the see of its religious head is their religious, political and economic interests. Sir Herbert is anxious at Caesarea. that Palestinian people be more 2. All the archbishops living within the limits of the territories of the government closely associated in the administraof the Grand National Assembly-including Constantinople, Smyrna, Adrianople and Gal- tion, and assured his hearers that the interests of the non-Jewish popUlation lipoli-are subject to this church. would be not only safeguarded by the 3. The religious functionaries are nomi- nated by the religious head, with the ap- mandate itself but likewise in the in- proval of the Government. strument referred to, in which the 4. This head is ehosen among three candi- future constitution of the country would be defined_ dates, designated, under certain conditions, In conclusion Sir Herbert said: "I by the Government. 5. The priests are nominated by the Gov- ernment, which chooses them from among earnestly desire to see this land, the center of sacred associations for hundesignated candidates. dreds of millions of men, inhabited by 6. The Government may remove religious functionaries who may have committed acts prejudicial to the interests of the State and a people kindly and peaceable. Most Nation. earnestly do I desire to see it progress- 7. Religious functionaries when brought ing in quietness and harmony toward a prosperous and noble future. Let before the courts for breaches of the State the Government and the people unite laws, cannot plead special privileges or ex- in their efforts for the sake of that ceptions. ideal. " 8. The laws of the State are applicable The address was thought by some in their entirety to the personal properties of his hearers to be on a par with left by religious chiefs at their death. In any event, these properties cannot be willed to churches or communities which do not depend upon the Turkish Orthodox Church. Nehemiah's appeal after the return 9. A reJigious council composed of twelve members will sit under the presidency of the from Babylonia.

supreme religious head. This council is to hold office for a term of two years. Reducing Relief for Orphans A 10. The functions of this council are ex· T a recent meeting of the Execu- tive Committee of Near East elusively religious. ll. The administrative council of the Church is composed of five members desig- Relief a constructive program was nated by the religious council. adopted that will call for a gradual 12. The administrative council will have reduction in the number of orphan- ages and institutions. All orphans charge of the drawing up of the budget, the who are found to have relatives qualirepair of religious edifi~e~, et~. Each y~a.r it must send to the Comnussanat of J usbce a copy of this budget. fied to care for them will be returned 13.' The revenues of churches in all the to these relatives. Certain children will be apprenticed with non-relatives archiepiscopal dioceses belong to the Turkish of their own race, subject to the Com- Orthodox Church. .

14. The church of Caesarea will draw up a scheme. for regulating the revenues of the mittee's supervision. The largest monasteries ·and the method of nomination possible responsibility will be thrown of their superiors (Hegume-nos). This pro- on governments for the support of the jected law will go into ·force after approval children, and after a stated time only by the Commissariat of Justice.

. such few institutions as may be neces- sion of faith whenever challenged. sary to care for the diminishing num- From Benghazi, on the Tripolitan ber of orphans will be maintained. coast, she traveled over 500 miles due In each main area one or more insti- south by the caravan route to Kufra, tutions will be developed into ad- and the permit which she had from "anced industrial schools for the train- Sheikh Idris did not protect her from ing of such children as may show more than one plot against her life, special capacity for agricultural and which she escaped under great hard- industrial leadership, and for the edu- ships. From the sacred city of Taj cating of teachers and administrators Mrs. Forbes returned northeast to of future institutions. J aghbub and thence to Alexandria by an unexplored route. It is hoped that AFRICA the result may be a gradual opening up of the inner Sahara, but at present Conditions in the Sudan it is evident that the attitude of the people is that of uncompromising hos- REV. H. U. WEITBRECHT tility to the presence of any non-Mos- STANTON who headed a mis- lem element in their midst. sionary delegation to the northern Sudan, Egypt and Palestine, reports C. M. S. Review. an encouraging outlook in the Sudan with cordial relations between govern- Concerted Action in the Congo ment officials and missionaries. Medi- cal work is well equipped and efficient, A CONFERENCE of representa- and if its present strength is main- tives from each American Mission tained it will be possible to carryon at work in the Congo has initiated important medical itineration either plans for aggressive cooperation in up the Nile or along the railway to EI helping the backward people of that Obeid, thus working along the border field to meet new social, economic, po- where pagan and Mohammedan begin litical and religious conditions. The to touch and where immigrants arrive Belgian government has shown itself in numbers from West Africa on friendly to missionary efforts. Two the way to Mecca. A strong educa- definite developments are under way tional work is needed to enable the in the Congo as a result of this covirile native to fill government and operation: first, the erection of a rest trading posts, instead of yielding house at Kinshasa, the railway termithese to Moslems from the north. nal where all missionaries must stay until arrangements can be made for A Journey in the Sahara continuing their journey; and the other a place for the union publication A REMARKABLE journey of an of literature in the native dialects. English woman, Mrs. Rosita Forbes, from Egypt to the oasis of Other plans projected call for union Kufra in the Sahara is likely to make training schools. to be followed by a new chapter in the history of this normal schools with the ultimate idea ancient preserve of Islam. Only one of founding a union Protestant Col- European had ever been there before, lege for the Congo. Industrial educaand he in disguise, for the presence tion, with agriculture as'a basis, is to of a Christian is not tolerated ill this be encouraged as the surest method of stronghold of the "faithful." Mrs. developing better social conditions for Forbes was clad in Arab costume and the people, especially those who betraveled under the name of Sitt come Christians. Representatives of Khadaija (" the Lady Khadaija," the all the societies, both American and name of a wife of Mohammed), and European, are to meet in November, was regarded as a Moslem of half 1921, at Bolegne on the upper Congo, English, half Egyptian blood, in which for a general conference regarding capacity she had to pray five times plans and methods for making Christ daily and to utter the Moslem confes- known in the Congo.

NEWS FROM MA:-<Y LANDS

Unrest in the Kamerun strange to say, they were allowed to A SPIRIT of restlessness among the take what they needed from the sacred people of Elat, West Africa, caus- grove of the village. In that station ing many to leave their homes to find today trees from the sacred grove work, has had its effect upon the form the seats of the house of God, one Christian life of the community. of the many marvelous changes to be Native soldiers who were carried by seen in the colony.

the Germans to Fernando Po have re- turned, showing the effect of Roman EUROPE Catholic influence. The number of Carrying Texts Through Italy C those received into the Church the past OMMANDER SALWEY and an- other Salvation Army worker year was smaller than in the preceding year, and those accepted have been recently made a tour of Italy carrying subjected to closer-examination. At "sandwich boards" on which were the last three communion seasons the exhibited Gospel texts. Their method entire time of the session was given to was to walk very slowly through the cases of discipline, and no new mem- crowds in cafes, arcades and other ers were received. centers where large numbers of people The people felt this keenly, and were congregated. In Florence, realized the force of it. Even in the Naples and some other cities the two villages as many as a hundred people workers addressed the crowds through would gather for prayer before day- an interpreter, and distributed copies light, and the burden of their prayer of the Gospel which were gratefully was that God would again set them received. In Spezia, indoor meetings right with Him. were held on Sunday, but not without some opposition. In most places, the Preaching in A.hanti police were the ones who tried to block the way. In all, eleven cities and one T HE Wesleyan Methodist Mission- village were visited, and the results ary Society reports a remarkable were most encouraging. awakening in Ashanti, on the Gold Coast, as a result of the work of a Christian preacher not attached to any Superstition and the Gospel in Bel- particular denomination. It is said gium that in three months this prophet in a FAIRS and religious festivals offer most unassuming manner has preached wide opportunity for street in the towns and villages of Ashanti, preaching in Belgium. At Bruges, and awakened the people to a sense of where about a hundred thousand their sinfulness and idolatry. Chiefs people were gathered for the procesand people have confessed their faith sion of the "Holy Blood," (some of in Christ in such numbers that, for the -the supposed blood of Christ which is moment, it is impossible to find either carried through the streets after a accommodation or teachers. travesty on the events of His life) we sold almost six hundred Bibles and Church Pews from Sacred Trees Testaments. At Hal, the day of the SACRED groves are numerous in procession of the Black Virgin (a the Kenya Colony, and such is the statue of Mary which is supposed to popular veneration for them that it is have come to life several cellturies difficult to think of anyone being ago, and to have saved the city from allowed to cut down one of the trees. bombardment though she herself was At one of the stations of the Church burned black with powder) three Missionary Society, the mission ad- hundred and seventy-one Bibles and herents, when erecting a new church, Testaments were sold. At Ath and in were faced by a shortage of wood. three surrounding villages the sale was They approached the heathen elders about three hundred on that same day, for permission to cut down trees, and, and there was no fete, -procession or

market to draw special crowds. At service and the listeners were deeply Walcourt, at the procession of the Virgin in the Tree (several years ago impressed. Missions-Tidning. ;a statue flew down from heaven and lodged in a tree and is still there to Agricultural Institute in The….alonica 'Confound skeptics!) 200 New Testa- ments and 16 Bibles were sold. These T HE Thessalonica Agricultural and meetings are not simply the affair of Industrial Institute at Salonica, a street vendor selling a book, but the Greece, was incorporated in 1904 un- Gospel is faithfully preached in five der the laws of New York State. and minute messages and in song. We try is diligently training a nucleus of boys to train the workers to so speak that to go out and teach the dignity of a stranger passing by could be saved labor, the value of strong character by a single testimony. One of our and most important of all the Gospel speakers at Bruges testified that he of Christ. One-fourth of the students had been saved on that very spot at are refugee orphans, and ten nationour street meeting a year before. alities are represented,-living to- gether yet not hating each other. Mission Wor:k in Albania This fact alone is significant. This American school has been called the T HE American Methodist Church, "Hampton of Macedonia. " at the request of the Albanian Government, is planning to establish Both church and government are in a modern educatiollal system in Al- sympathy with the School. VenizeloB bania. A deputation consisting of said of it: "I wish we had ten more Bishop Blake of Chicago, Dr. B. M. like it." Men of influence are glad Tipple of Rome and Prof. Jones of the to employ its students in positions re- University of Chicago, have gone to quiring special trustworthiness. Un- Durazzo, and will also visit Monte- usual war conditions have caused a negro to make observations of the deficit of $3,000 on which interest field. must be paid. Funds are also lrgently needed for an' additional dormitory Eirectual Fer"ent Prayer and for further equipment. Any con- tributions will be gratefully received MR. BORRESCEN of the Danish by the Treasurer, William B. Isham, Santal Mission was once asked 17 Battery Place, New York City. wliile home on a furlough to preach at a missionary gathering in Jutland. LATIN-AMERICA The meeting was announced to take place in a large barn, but so many Crowded Conditions in J:>orto Rico people tried to crowd in that Mr. Biirrescen decided to preach outside, T HE population of Porto Rico has with a farm wagon as a pUlpit. reached approximately four hun- Clouds threatened an immediate downpour, but the missionary prayed: dred people to the square mile. This "Dear Father, Thou seest that many of us are gathered here to learn about makes a serious problem for a land the things of Thy Kingdom. Grant us fair weather so long as the meeting which depends almost wholly upon shall last. " There were two mini:sters in the crowd, and one of them said: agriculture, and where only one- "He speaks too boldly. I would not pray that way to God," and the other fourth of the territory is under cultisaid: "No, I would not dare pray that way, but perhaps this man knows God vation. Thirty-five per cent of the better. " population is of school age, yet only Not a drop of rain fell during the forty per cent of this number is in school, owing to the inability to build and rent enough school buildings to_ meet the situation.

The Methodist Episcopal Mission in Porto Rico has a church membership of 4000 and a SundaY-school member- ship of about 7000. These native Christians are unusually devout and reverent. Christian Advocate.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Madame Carranza Christian literature before the public T HE widow of the late Gen. Jesus through a downtown bookstore, are Carranza, has joined the Methodist making Christian influence felt as in few centers in Latin America. One Church in Saltillo, bringing with her of the outstanding reasons for such her daughter and other members of splendid influence in the community her family. The story of her religious is the spirit of unity and practical co- experience is interesting. Her father operative work carried on by the was a Protestant minister and the doc- Methodist and Presbyterian missions, trines of the Protestant faith were in- and the Y. JIll. C. A. and Y. W. C. A. stilled into her as a child. When she Added to the cooperative work in the . grew up and married a Catholic, the union seminary, the union paper and demands of the society in which she' the union bookstore, they have this moved made her leave the religion of year held a union summer conference her childhood. Now, as a widow, she on the new Methodist farm in the bas returned to the evangelical faith South with most gratifying results. :and expressed a great desire to spend the remaining years of her life doing all she can to bring others to a knowl- Neglected but Faithful edge of the Gospel. She owns prop- F OR three long years no missionary -erty in Monterrey, and on Easter had revisited the little town of Ti- Sunday offered as her love gift to the bagy, an outstation of Ponta Grossa, Saviour, a block of land containing a Brazil. Scattered over a large distwo-story building where services can trict, the people said they thought be held at once and where it is hoped they had been forgotten by the a day school will be opened later for Church. These people are the piothe children in that part of th~ town. neers of Brazil. The county of Ti- bagy, though half the size of England, Reforms in Chile has only 80,000 white inhabitants. The believers, though no, missionary C HILE, the "Shoe String Repub- had come to them, continued to hold lic" of South America, is rich in natural resources and has been pros- services, gathering on Sundays in pering materially in recent years, but some central house, and once a month political strife has kept the country back. Last year the old oligarchy in a more extended district. Not that has held sway for more than a only this but they have taken up a decade was overthrown in the elec- collection in order to send some one tions, and liberty triumphed. An with the Gospel to those who have not intelligent liberal president was heard as much as they. When the elected amid general rejoicing. He missionary finally reached there he has taken steps against political co:.'- found 27 people ready to be received ruption, the liquor traffic and social into the church, and nine regular points for service"

vices. As a result, the missionaries find their cause more generally re- NORTH AMERICA spected, and doors are more open to Recruiting for the Ministry A their message. SERIOUS situation confronts The Instituto Ingles for boys, con- the Christian Church today in the ducted by the Presbyterians, and the shortage of men studying for the Santiago College for girls, conducted ministry. The student body of the by the Methodists, are well known Presbyterian Theological Seminary in as among the great moral influences in Louisville, KentuckY, have therefore the city of Santiago. Missionaries started a significant movement look- who teacn in the university, lead in ing toward enlistment. A short time temperance reform, work with men ago they sent to each of the seminar- and women students who are getting ies of the Church a request that eae:a

graduate and student would preach salary. They have their own school at least orie sermon during the coming year on the call to the ministry, or to board, and could give the average pub- some definite form of Christian serv- ice. lic school trustee some helpful ideas.

Hearty responses were received. They take their office seriously, pray The effectiveness of the appeal, how- ever, will depend in large measure over their problems and visit the upon the parents. and the students are asking the cooperation of Christian school at least once a week. At Pryor fathers and mothers. a number of incoming white settlers Christian Observer.· have been received into the member- Society of the Open Bible ship of the Indian Baptist Church. W HITEFIELD, New Hampshire, has a new organization called At Wyola, Montana, another sta- "The Society of the Open Bible." A year or so ago one hundred people tion under the direction and support of all ages and occupations undertook to keep their Bibles open continuously of the American Baptist Home Misin homes and offices with the fonowing results in mind: Encouragement and sion Society, the Indians are paying help in memorizing; effect upon the children of a household; possible in- their teacher's $-11ary in the mission fluence upon visitors or callers; message of helpfulness or restraint. day school. On the school. board Christian Intelligencer. here they have Barney One Goose, School of Missions Yellow Mule, Levi Yellow Mule, T HE Kennedy School of Missions Walter Jackrabbit and Steve Cannot in Hartford, Conn., this year 'completed its first decade of service. Be Shot, a harmonious group who are The total number of students registered has been 304, not including stu- keeping their school well up in the dents of the Theological Seminary or the School of Religious Pedagogy. foreground. Coe Hayne. The number of former students now officially connected with Mission Itinerating in Quebec Boards is 242. These represent every great mission field. The purpose of A TRAVELING missionary in Quethe School of Missions has been to fur- bec, Rev. P. Beauchamp, reports nish special missionary preparation to that he found ten Protestant families candidates who .had completed their in one settlement who hold monthly general preparation, as well as to services in a home where the mother guide furloughed missionaries in their is a Catholic, but whose husband is a further studies. Protestant and she invites her Catho- lic friends to the meetings. A con- Work Among Crow Indians gregation of twenty-three are thus ministered to by the traveling AT Pryor, Montana, where the preacher. Baptist Home Mission Boards maintain a Crow Mission Station, the Parent, a divisional point on the Indians have built their own school Transcontinental Railway, is a growhouse and pay for most of the school ing center with thirty Presbyterians, expenses aside from the teacher's as well as representatives of other Protestant churches. The Sunday- school is taught by the Protestant school teacher, and the people are anxious for a church. In Donnacona, a paper company employes five hun- dred men and has planned a model town. The fifty-five Protestants hold meetings every other Sunday in the hotel waiting room, the manager of the company helping in a practical way. Occasional services are also held at Portneuf.

In Montmagny the population would be entirely Roman Catholic were it not for eight Protestant fam- ilies, and about ten single persons who are needed to help develop some of its

1921J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

industries. A monthly service is held points by Portuguese, Spaniards, in the homes of the people. French, Dutch and English naviga- Summing up his tour, Mr. Beau- tors. Rev. S. M. McFarlane and champ shows that he traveled 20,000 A. W. Murray, pioneer mission- miles, walked 200 miles, drove 100 aries, established their first base miles, made 350 calls, and held 83 on Darnley Island. Dr. W. Wyatt services. The attendance totalled Gill and six Raratongan teachers were 1,522. Seven baptisms were con- added the following year, among ducted as well as three communion whom were Piri and Ruatoka, promi- services and twenty-six different nent in the later development of the places were in his itinerary. Mission. Two great missionary names Presbyterian Witness. are conspicuous in the history of this work,-Dr. Lawes and James ISLANDS OF THE SEA Chalmers.

A Moro Steward For twenty years the L.M.S. was B ISHOP BRENT tells of a battle the only missionary society in New scarred Moro chief named Ynok Guinea (except for a small Roman who became infected with acute blood Catholic Mission on Yule Island.) In poisoning, just as an American 1891 the Wesleyan Mission was Christian hospital was being estab- founded by Dr. George Brown, and lished in his territory. He was in- the Rev. Dr. W. E. Bromilow. In duced to go as a patient to the the same year the Anglicans entered hospital. He grew worse, but at a on the work. A division of territory most critical moment he insisted on was agreed upon, and this arrangeleaving the hospital and going home. ment has been maintained with satis- Instead of dying, as everyone ex- factory results.

pected, he got well. When he recov- ered he came back to the hospital and MISCELLANEOUS said: "Doctor, I suppose you thought Present and Future Problems T I left the hospital disgusted because HE following figures were recently published in The Missionary Out- I did not get well!" The doctor responded, "Yes, we thought so. " look: Ynok replied,. " You are quite mis- The 80,000,000 people of Central taken. You know I am a chief of Africa are still pagan.

influence. I love my people. I said Sixty million or 80,000,000 boys and to myself, 'Now my people must have girls of school age in China are grow- the benefit of all the good that you ing up with limited educational ad- are getting. But they are a very sus- vantages.

picious people. If I die, my people lfore than 99 per cent of the college will say, 'The Americans have killed students in South America profess no our chief.' So I went home to die." belief in God.

A sense of stewardship made Ynok Ninety-nine per cent of the women willing to lay down his life, if need of India may be classed as illiterates. be, in order that his people might have the blessings brought by Christians. One-half of the world's 600,000,000 boys and girls under fifteen cannot read or write in any language, are Fifty Years' Work in New Guinea i!l'norant of Jesus Christ, and never T HE New Guinea Mission of the have had a Christian home. Londop Missionary Society celebrated its Jubilee July 1st. Very AD1erican Baptist Missions HE American Baptist Foreign T little was known of the country or of Mission Society, together with the its inhabitants fifty years ago, and that little was not encouraging, although Woman's Society, is the fourth in the the Island had been visited at various world in size. The 107th Annual Re-

port declares the past year to have of St. Paul's Institute in Tarsus, died been the best in the Society's history. May 25, in Pasadena, Cal., in his The organization has ten fields,- seventy-ninth year. Dr. Christie Japan, East China, South China, joined the Central Turkey Mission in West China, the Philippines, Burma, in 1877, and after serving for a time .Assam, Bengal-Orissa, South India at Marash, he founded and developed and the Congo, besides the work it is St. Paul's Institute at Tarsus. Dr. doing in many countries of Europe. Christie was an accomplished linguist and his scholarship received special It had 833 missionaries, 7,000 na- recognition from .Aberdeen Univer- tive workers, 1,834 organized sity, as well as from many American '-churches, 3,429 regular meeting universities. places, 200,000 church members, and 11,000 baptisms last year; there are thirty-two theological seminaries and training schools, four colleges, 2,737 A Ohristian Oonsul in Turkey M schools of all grades with 89,752 under ILO .A. JEWETT, a physician and later American consul in instruction, twenty-four hospitals, and sixty-two dispensaries which gave Turkey, was born October 27, 1857, at .364,959 treatments. These figures do Sivas, where his father was located as not include Europe, where the greatest a missionary of the .American Board.

advance of the year is reported. .After being educated in the United .As rapidly as native Christians are States, and serving ten years as assist- -capable of assuming responsibility, ant superintendent in the hospital at new stations are opened. Danvers, Massachusetts, he accepted WatcMnan-Examiner. appointment as consul to Sivas in 1892. He was well fitted for his post, Zionist Leaders Disagree and deeply in sympathy with Chris- tian work. During the .Armenian D IFFERENCES have arisen among massacres of 1895, when many Prot- Zionist leaders, chiefly in regard estant pastors were imprisoned, Dr. to the disposition of the funds to be Jewett rendered valuable aid. He -collected for the restoration of Pales- was fearless, resourceful, tactful, and tine, one opinion being that all such worked to the limit of his strength. In money must be used for direct work 1905, he was promoted to Trebizond, in Palestine and another that part and in 1911 was made consul at Kehl, IDay be used in any land where Jews dwell. Further divergence has to do Baden, Germany, where he remained with the methods of raising money. until America entered the war in These differences are unfortunate at a 1917. Then he was appointed to time when the need for practical work Troadbjern, Norway, where on Febin Palestine is most urgent. ruary 25, 1921, he died of heart The .American Palestine Company was launched at a dinner given in paralysis. Henry T. Perry.

New York last March, and proposes to undertake industrial development in JaDles M. Farrar of Brooklyn Palestine on a large scale. Nearly REV. JAMES McNALL FARRAR, D.D., President of the Reformed .a million and a half of the five mil- Church Board of Domestic Missions – lions proposed capital was subscribed since 1911, died suddenly at Mahwah, at this dinner. S. S. Times.

OBITUARY NOTES N. J., June 22, in his 68th year. Dr. Farrar was for many years pastor of Dr. Christie of Tarsus the First Reformed Church of Brook- R EV. THOMA:'S DAVIDSON lyn, and at the time of his death was CHRISTIE, veteran missionary acting pastor of Ramapo Church in .of the .American Board and President Mahwah. .

MKSSJ[ONAllY

The Message of Sudhu Sundar Singh. By will be disappointed in the scholarship Canon B. H. Streeter. 12mo. 209 pp. and spiritual insight of these studies. $1.75. The Macmillan Co. 1921. They are not worthy of the unstinted praise given by the Y. lVI. C. A. press This is a very remarkable book notices. about a very remarkable man. Sadhu Sundar Singh shows the power of an Many of Dr. Glover's statements Oriental interpretation of Christ. He seem to us to ignore recorded facts of is a Christian mystic, a holy man full the Bible and to do violence to the of humility who follows the example teachings of Christ and the apostles. and teachings of Christ literally; He says, for instance, that Pilate and who thinks in Oriental imagery; who Herod inflicted on God the most suffers joyfully; who serves self-sacri- awful disaster that could be conceived ficingly; . and who lives triumphantly. -" in capturing the Son of God." He Those who have met the Sadhu are re- refers to the "defeat of Christ on the minded of Christ and see in him a man Cross" and seems to put the story of of about thirty-two, full of peace, of the conflict of Christ and evil powers joy, of power. He has had unusual as told in the New Testament in the experiences, some of them apparently same class as "Paradise Lost." miraculous. His messages and conversation are full of epigram and There is no attempt to distinguish parable. They are wonderfully stim- between the tentative conclusions of ulating and illuminating. The Sad- modern scientists. and psychologists hu's views on heaven and hell, on and established facts of history, Christian unity, on sin and s.alvation, science and revelation. New Testaservice and suffering are umque and ment belief in demons is classed with wonderfully helpful. the superstitions of the middle ages. Dr. Glover states that Christians Canon Streeter has not attempted (including Christ) "borrowed from to give a biography of the Sadhu or the Jews the idea of the Judgment an interpretation of his unique eh~r­ Day and developed it along the line of acter and experiences, but has PIC- the Greek philosophic myths." tured the man and .reported his mes- (p 18.) He says that Jesus was "consage. Anyone who reads this volume demned because He was unpopular" thoughtfully cannot fail to be inter- apparently forgetting that His triumested and spiritually benefited. Seed phal entry was only five days before thoughts for many sermons are to be His crucifixion. He declares that the found here, and food for spiritual life. word "salvation" was adopted by the Church in preference to "the King- Jesus in the Experience of .MeAns. socBiaytioTn. dom of God" because of the "trans- R. Glover. 12mo. 253 pp . Press New York. 1920. planting of the Gospel to Gentlle In dontrast to the practical exper- ground." This overlooks the fact that' ,Jesus" means Saviour and that ience and personal knowledge of God the term "salvation" is especially' found in the Epistle to the Hebrews. as shown in the life of Sadhu Sundar The apostles preached the Kingdom of God to both Jews and Gentiles until pShiinlgohs~Dphry. Glover gives us the human it was rejected, and simultaneously and theoretical interpreta- proclaimed salvation by faith in Jesus Christ. tion of Christian experience. He does While the volume contains llI,any not emphasize divine revelation, faith helpful thoughts, Dr. Glover's inter- in God, or complete surrender ~o Christ as the son of God. Many who have found help in the author's pre- vious volume on "Jesus of History"

737

pretation of the Atonement, the Lamb healthy conditions on the frontiers, of God, forgiveness of sin and immor- among Negroes and immigrants, in tal ity are based on transitory human cities and rural communities and in- philosophy rather thar, on the unshak- dustrial enterprises. The volume has able divine testimony, where its a wealth of important facts but is statements do not coincide with his more successful in diagnosing the dis- philosophy or experience. His con- ease than in prescribing the remedy. clusions are therefore based on rationalistic criticism rather than on the Under Many Flags. By Katherine S. Word of God. Oronk and Elsie Singmaster. 12mo. 136 pp_ Missionary Education Movement, World Friendship. By J. Lovell Murray. New York. 1921. 12mo. 186 pp. Missionary Education Movement. 1921. One will look far to find a more eaptivating volume of true stories The many sided work of the foreign than these glimpses of the lives and missionary is most interestingly de- adventures of eight missionary heroes scribed in this study book. With an and heroines. There are the stories abundance of facts and striking inci- of Cyrus Hamlin, his bakery and his dents :Mr. Murray tells the fascinating college in Constantinople; H. C. story of what the Christian mission- Tucker, the pioneer Bible man in aries are doing in medical missions, Brazil; Barbrook Grubb in the wilds in education, in industrial and agri- of Paraguay; Mary Slessor, the lone cultural work, through literature, in "White Queen" among the blacks of social reform, by evangelistic effort West Africa; Albert Shelton, the man and in the betterment of international captured by bandits on the eastern relations. Men and women who take border of Tibet. no interest in missions because they think the work is theoretical and 'rhe stories with a message are not spiritual, have their answer here. Mr. only more interesting than fiction to Murray introduces us to many of the juniors and intermediates for whom famous missionaries of the past and they are written, but also are suited present, and shows clearly the vast- to adults and for reading circles. ness, variety and transforming character of the work. Anyone interested The Case of Korea. Evidence on the J ap· in human progress and in service to aneso domination of Korea and the Komen and women will be captured by rean Independence Movement. By Henry this record of achievement. At times Ohung, A.M., Ph.D. Foreword by the the style savors of slang, but the au- Hon. Selden P_ Spencer, U. S. Senator thor holds the attention throughout. from Missouri_ 8vo. 365 pp_ $3.00. Fleming H. Revell 00., New York and From Survey to Service. By H. Paul Ohicago_ Douglass. 12mo. 182 pp. Missionary Education Movement. 1921. "Americans want facts," says Sen- ator Spencer in his introductory Fore- What follows a survey that reveals word. Dr. Chung, a member of the need for moral 'reform and- religious Korean Commission to America and instruction? Knowledge creates re- Europe, gives these to all Englishsponsibility. The Christian Church speaking peoples in this able presentain America should know the facts as tion of evidence from the Korean to the industrial, physical, moral and standpoint. Americans in Korea spiritual conditions in this country know the facts about the conditions of and should then energetically apply the Koreans under Japanese rule, but the Christian remedy to eure the dis- Japanese officials object to the publicaeases of the body politic. Dr. tion of these facts. Dr. Chung is out- Douglass, in this Home Mission study spoken but conservative and just in book, presents some of the facts re- his statements concerning Japanese vealed in recent surveys and then calls rule in Korea, and these can be for Christian service to remedy un- vouched for by foreigners who have personally witnessed incidents to which he refers.

1921J MISSIONARY LIBRARY

What answer can Japan give to the fore the judgment bar of the nations accusation that she obtained military and of God. possession of Korea during a Treaty of Alliance between Korea and Japan The Home with the Open Door. By Mary against Russia, in which she guaran- Schauffier Platt. 12mo. 61 pp. $0'.75. teed the independence and territorial Student Volunteer Movement, New York. integrity of Korea, and yet has kept 1920. possession of the country ~ What answer can be made to the atrocity Home makers in all lands will be statistics compiled by Dr. Chung in greatly interested and helped by this Appendix III and in various other little book. Many who recognize chapters? 'These are among the many the value of a Christian home in pointed questions raised by Dr. Chung. America, do not realize the additional influence and testimony of the Chris- Japan may protest that she has up- tian home in foreign mission fields. lifted Korea, but Dr. Chung declares It presents a new and practical ideal that this has not been either a moral in lands where husband and wife are or an intellectual uplift, and quotes master and slave, or only male and facts to prove his statements_ It is female, where polygamy brings discertain that the burning of churches and schools and the introduction of cord and degeneration; where comhouses of prostitution and opium fwohrtesrearcehilladcrkeinngaraendalfliolwthedabtoounrdus~· joints under government protection wild; where there is little or n{) do not tend to moral or intellectual religious training, or where fear of uplift. While Japan has built good evil spirits is the basis of religious roads, water-works, railroads, etc., Mr. rites and teaching. Chung declares that these are for militaristic uses and have been built with Mrs. Platt, whose parents, grand- Korean money and resources. Japan parents, husband, brothers and herhas increased the Korean national self have been missionaries and have debt nearly fifty millions, and has col- made missionary homes, gives a piclected excessive taxes of fifty or sixty ture that is appealing, and will be an millions more. inspiration to all those who seek to establish ideal homes in any land. As evidence that Koreans are cap- She describes the atmosphere of the able of governing themselves, Dr. Christian home, and the dress, conver- Chung says "that any people capable sation. actions, furnishings and habits of organizing and carrying on the In- that lift up the customs of non-Chrisdependence Movement in the face of tian peoples. Japanese censorship and of overcoming the obstacles that they have been Friday's Footprints. By Margaret Appleforced to overcome by sheer force of organizing ability and fidelity to pur- garth. 12mo. $1.50. .Judson Press Philpose, can govern themselves, with those obstacles removed. He also answers adelphia. 1920. ' the arguments advanced that Japan needed to take Korea for colonization In her. own unique and fascinating and because they are sister peoples. style, MISS Applegarth tells thirty- While the Japanese people as a whole are not responsible for Korean nine true missionary stories. They atrocities, the military authorities are responsible for destroying villages and relate to various mission fields and maltreating innocent men and women. It is time that Japan wiped from her types of people, and in their narration 'scutcheon the blot caused by her own zealous and cruel officials. She is be- show skill and an understanding of both missions and young people. They have true human interest that stirs the heart and prompts to action. Do not allow your boys and girls to read this book unless you want them to be- come interested in helping other boys and girls at h{)me and across the seas.

A Castaway in Kavirondo. illustrated. By A. M. Elverson. Hmo. 134 pp. Two shillings. Church Missionary Society London, 1920. '

40 THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD [Heptember •

In her own simple fashion and the exchange of views stimulate "Owite" tells why she wore a charm, how she came to have a burned hand, thought, and Christ expreSl3es His what games she played, the customs at funerals she attended, how she ideals, but there is no literary merit came to attend school, why she ran in the volume, ilO powerful presentaaway from home and how she became a Christian. This young girl's life tion of the Christian solutjlpn for in Central Africa is full of interesting incidents, making a very readable modern problems, and altogether too and instructive story for children of junior grade. little direct reference to Scripture to Lectures on Systematic Theology. By show the Biblical basis for opinions Oharles G. Finney. 8vo. 622 pp. $4.00 net. Geo. H. Doran 00., New York, 1921. expressed_ .

The first edition of these lectures EDITORIAL AND BUSINESS by the great revivalist and founder' of Oberlin College, were printed seventy- CHAT five years ago. They are worth reprinting and worthy of study, for GROWING CIRCULATION Charles G. Fiqney knew God, knew his Bible, knew men and knew how to This number of the REVIEW goes to the bring these all together. His lec- largest number of paid BUbscribers in our tures are on moral government, moral history. This growth is due to the increasobligation, moral action, moral law, ing convictiou as to the value of the REVIEW attributes of love and selfishness, hu- to all who would keep informed on world man government, moral depravity, wide conditions and Christian progress, t(} atonement, regeneration, natural abil- persistent and intelligent promotion through ity, repentance, faith, justification, our Circulation Department, to the hearty sanctification and similar subjects. cooperation of many Home and Foreign They are logical, scriptural and prac- Mission Boards who have recommended the tical, and are as applicable to REVIEW to their constituents, and to the very modern life and thought as they were effective presentation of the magazine at to the time when first delivered. the summer conferences. If the friends of They will prove an antidote to much missions will help to introduce the REVIEW modern ignorance and loose thinking more widely they will render a great service if the preachers and teachers of to- in extending the knowledge of missions, and day will take Dr. Finney's medicine in enlisting missionary workers. and follow the same Great Physician. EFFECTIVE COOPERATION In His Steps Today. By Charles M. Shel- don. 12mo. 192 pp. $1.25. Fleming By including the MISSIONARY REVIEW OF H_ Revell Company, New York, 1921. THE 'VORLD as one of the essential sources of information for all of their mission study About twenty-five years ago there classes, the Department of Missionary Eduappeared a story entitled "In His catiou of the United Christian Missionary Steps," or "What Would Jesus Do ~ " Society has secured the largest number of It has since been translated into many new subscriptions ever received through the languages and twenty-two million cooperation of any denominational Board or copies have been sold. Those who Society. Thus far, 394 new subscriptions look for a similar popular story in the have been received from this source, and present book will be disappointed. more are expected. Dr. Sheldon's new book is in the form of dialogues or discussions between At Northfield last summer the largest Christ and men on such topics as number of subscriptions ~ver taken at a sinfarming, mining, politics, churches, gle Oonference were obtained through the the press, etc. The facts brough~ out effeetive presentation of the REVIEW by Mrs. E. C. Cronk with the help of other leaders. Two hundred and fifty-two subscriptions have already been secured from this Confer- ence ..

CO>1",o CONFERENCE PROHIBITED The General Conference of Protestant Missions in the Oongo which was announced for November, 1921, has been prohibited by the new French Governor-General at Brazza- rille, where the Conference was to have been held. The irrelevant reason given' was the "delayed determination of the political regime in the Kamerun." It is now planned to hold the Conference at Bolenge, near Co- quilhatville, Congo BeIge, October 30 to No- vember 7, ]921. About one hundred dele- gates from Sweden, Belgium, America, and possibly France and England are expected.

Spent Much of His

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The Missionary Review of the World — May 1921

XLIV NUMBER

THE MISSIONARY EVIEW, MAY, 1921 ARNOT'S MISSIONARY ADVENTURES JEAN KENYON MACKENZIE THE TAl RACE OF SIAM E. J. EAKIN TWICE BORN JAPANESE GEORGE GLEASON THE JAPANESE PROBLEM IN CALIFORNIA PAUL B. WATERHOUSE SHADOW AND LIGHT IN LATIN AMERICA WEBSTER E. BROWNING WHEN YOU MAKE A MISSIONARY SPEECH SYMPOSIUM $2.50 A YEAR 25 CENTS A COPY MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY 3d and REILY STS., HARRISBURG, PA. 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW·YORK

Doe Was a

BUT He was a devoted church worker He was an ideal husband and father He believed in Mi..ions He wanted to provide for his wife's old age He wanted to help establish the Kingdom He made a Will His Will contained a technical error It was contested It dragged through the court. His estate dwindled through litigation Hi. widow had worry instead of ease John Doe meant well butAhe should have administered his own estate LIFE ANNUITY BONDS would have solved his problem For full information ~end a postal card to George M. Fowles, Treasurer of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Methodi:st Episcopal Church, 150 Fifth Avenue, New York, or W. J. Elliott, Treasurer of the Board of Home Missions and Church Extension of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 1701 Arch Street, Philadelphia, Pa.

Montgomery, Ward &Co. I iHARTFORD MISSIONARY BUREAU W. Douglas:Mackenzie. President Chicago, U. S. A. Theological Seminary has made a specialty of service to Mis- Dean, M. W. Jacobus sionaries in foreign lands for over 25 years. Our Missionary Bureau will glad- School of Religious Pedagogy ly furnish information, and assist you in assembling, packing, and shipping your Dean. E. H. Knight overseas equipment. You save money by taking advantage of our low carload Kennedy School of Missions freight rates. Before planning your overseas outfitting write for our MIS- Dean. E. W. Capen SIONARY CIRCULAR and large CATALOGUE of general merchandise Through these associated schools Hartsent free with ford offers fuJI training for: 1. The Christian ministry. PRICES GREATLY REDUCED 2. The whole field of religious education. 3. The foreign field. Prices are reduced on nearly all lines. Each School has its independent faculty On many items our 1921 prices are more and its own institutional life, and together they form one interdenominational instituthan one-third below 1920 catalogue tion with the unity of common aim and spirit. prices. Our catalogue will give you the lowest prices obtainable on high quality merchandise. .

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A MISSIONARY CONFERENCE Atlantic City. New Jersey F our Days by the Sea-With the China Inland Mission From Tuesday. May 3rd. through Friday, May 6th. 1921 In the First Presbyterian Church, Pennsylvania Avenue and Pacific Avenue SOME OF THE SPEAKERS PRINCIPAL J. McNICOL, Toronto DR. WM. J. ERDMAN, Germantown PROF. CHARLES R. ERI:MAN, Princeton MR. CHARLES G. TRUM.BULL, Philadelphia REV. HENRY W. FROST, Princeton MRS. A. L. SHAPLEIGH, of China MR. ROGER B. WHITTLESEY, of China MIss M. E. SOLTAU, of China For further particulars as to rooms and board Write to Mr. F. H. Neale. 6506 Ventnor Avenue. Ventnor. N. J.

Please mention THl~ MISSIONARY REVIEW OF TIIJt WORI..,D in writing to advertisers. THE MISSIONARY Review of the WorId DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor CONTENTS FOR MAY, 1921 Page FRONTISPIECE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MEMBERS oF' 'I'HE ANCIEN'I' TAl RACE OF SIAM EDITORIAL COMMENT ……………………………………………. 345 DEPREDATIONS IN MANCHURIA AUS'rRIA AF'rER THE WAR CHRISTIAN ADVANCE IN KOREA CHURCH MEMBERSHIP GAINS IN AMERICA FIGHTING GAMBLING DENS IN CANTON A MOVE '1'0 MUZZLE THE PRESS SAVING LIFE WITH DOLLARS IN CHINA HOPEFUL SIGNS IN MEXICO SINGING THE GOSPEL IN INDIA F. ·S. ARNOT'S MISSIONARY ADVENTURES ….. JEAN KENYON MACKENZIE 355 A fascinating review of the recent "Life and Explorations of F. S. Arnot," pioneer missionary in Equatorial Africa.

THE MEXICAN IN OUR MIDST …………………… RODNEY W. ROUNDY 361 An illustrated account of the conditions surrounding the 111exican settlers in our southwestern states, their needs and the religious work done for them.

THE TAr RACE OF SIAM ………………………………… E. ]. EAKIN The story of an ancient race of Indo-China that has defied assimilation with other races, their beliefs, odd customs and missionary work among them.

Illustrated.

TWICE BORN MEN AND WOMEN IN JAPAN ………….. GEORGE GLEASON 374 The life stories of some remarlwble lopanese Christians, and their work.

THE JAPANESE PROBLEM IN CALIFORNIA …….. PAUL B. WATERHOUSE 382 An account of some of the forces working for and against the true solution of this Oriental problem.

SHADOW AND LIGHT IN LATIN AMERICA …….. WEBSTER E. BROWNING 385 Important events of the past year in central South America. showing the signs of progress, and the forces oPerating against Christianity.

THE PLIGHT OF FOREIGN MISSIONARIES IN GERMANY GEORGE DRACH 391 MISSIONARY WORK OF THE DUTCH CHURCHES ………. HENRY BEETS 393 WHEN YOU MAKE A MISSIONARY SPEECH … EDIT8D BY MRS. E. C. CRONK 395 WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN …. EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN 404 NEWS FROM MANY LANDS ……………………………………….. 408 THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY ………………………………………. 418 EDITORIAL AND BUSINESS CHA'I' MISSIONARY PERSONALS NEW BOOKS TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, 25 cents. Published Monthly. Copyrighted, 1921, by Missionary Review Publishing Company, Inc. All rights reserved. Entered as second-class matter at the Post Office at Harrisburg, Pa., under the Act of March 3, 1879.

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• Entered as second-class matter at the Post Office Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of March 3. 1879· Copyrighted, 1921 EDITORIAL AND BUSINESS FOR BAPTIST BOYS CHAT The Summer Conferences and Schools of Missions offer many opportunities. A list of those conducted under the auspices of the Council of Women for Home Missions will be found in this number of the "Review." The dates and places of other Conferences will be published in our next number. Would you like to go and have your expenses paid, in whole or in part? If so, write to THE M,SSIONARY REVIJ;W OF THJ; WORLD, Circulation Department, for information.

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The "Review" offers a Missionary Con- iean BaptiHt Publication Society, w~erll l!ielecte~ boys willreeeive ference each month with the best leaders eVllry lIttention (mil be developed In body, mmd onoi spujt. .A in missionary work at home and abroad. camp which does not have for its object the making of money, but Are you helping others to share in the benefits of these monthly conferences, sk.ing of Christian cha.racter. FOR CATALOGUE address which can be enjoyed at almost no expense? Write to the "Review," and we will tell you J. FOSTER WILCOX, 23 E. 26th St., New York City how to promote the missionary cause in this way. Colored Slides for Half-tone plate*s, *map*s and charts used Illustrated Lectures, in the "Review" carry a message and bring the scenes and facts of home and foreign Rental Sef"llice mlSSlon fields vividly to the mind through "eye-gate." These plates can be purchased Stereoscopic Tours of at half price from the "Review" for use in all Countries local church papers, and for advertisements of missionary meetings and programs. Keystone View Company, * .•• Incorporated MEADVILLE, PA. We have a number of bound volumes of the "Review" containing very valuable ar- The Slide and Stereoscopic Department ticles that are of permanent value for of Underwood & Underwood, Inc., has every missionary library. These cover the been purchased by Keystone. whole world field, at home and abroad, and are illustrated with maps, photographs and charts-thousand page volumes that equal a hbrary of fifty smaller volumes which would sell at from fifty to seventy-five dollars. They can be had while they last at $4.00 a volume bound in cloth.

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ME;MBERS OF THE TAl RACE OF SIAM-WOMEN AND CHILDREN AT MUANG LAAM

(See article by J. A . Eakin, page 368)

MISSIONARY

EVIEW~ VOL. MAY, 1921 NUMBER XLIV FIVE JAPANESE DEPREDATIONS IN MANCHURIA H UNDREDS of thousands of Koreans have crossed over the border into Manchuria during the past ten years to escape the rigors of Japanese rule. They have naturally sympathized with the Independence Movement, and have aided their compatriots in various ways. Chinese and Russian bandits, who have been active in Manchuria during the days of unrest, have persuaded some Koreans to join with them in raids upon the .Japanese across the border. Last September some of these bandits killed a Japanese consul and policeman, and, China being unable to guarantee order and safety, Japan sent armed forces into Manchuria ostensibly to clean out the bandits and punish the aggressive Koreans. The Japanese soldiers as usual used rough and brutal methods, without discriminating between the guilty and the innocent. Whole villages of Koreans were burned and men were shot without mercy.

Some of the Korean villages attacked by the Japanese were places in which the Canadian Presbyterian Mission has for some years conducted a successful work. Their churches and schools were burned, and leading Christians were shot without trial merely because they lived in these villages. The Canadian missionaries have given full accounts of the ruthless and barbarous methods adopted, and have protested to the Japanese Government. In response, a Commission has been sent to Manchuria "to investigate" the affair, but the head of the Commission, Colonel Mezumachi, has added fuel to the flame by threatening the missionaries with Japanese government displeasure and opposition if they do not teach the Koreans subservience- to Japanese rule. This communication has been repudiated by the Japanese Minister of War and the Foreign Minister, but it reveals the attitude of the Japanese military commanders to Christian Koreans and missionaries.

345

l'he Japanese Advertiser summarizing a report of the military expedition says that the expedition to Chentao "did not punish the bandits who attacked the consulate, but it did execute several hundred Koreans residing within Chinese jurisdiction for aiding and sympathizing with the Independence Movement-thus violating Chinese rights. It violated the laws of humanity as well." Baron Fujimura, of the House of Peers, characterized the expedition as unjustified and declared that "so long as such an objectionable policy is maintained a rapprochement between China and Japan is an impossibility.' , Militarism in Japan, as in every other land, in Europe, Asia or America, is out of harmony with the ideals and highest teachings of Christ, for militarism depends upon forc~ to carry out the will of those in authority rather than upon a benevolent exercise of power for the benefit of those under authority.

CHRISTIAN ADVANCE IN KOREA POLITICALLY, the outlook in Korea is dark from a Korean viewpoint. Japanese rule has been less oppressive but is no less irritating and unwelcome to the Koreans. Most of the imprisoned Christians have been released and are now at work. There has been a considerable exodus from Korea into Manchuria to escape from Japanese rule, and many young people have gone, in- cluding teachers in mission, day and Sunday-schools. From one church alone a group of forty-two young people emigrated to Kando, Manchuria.

Spiritually, there has been an awakening in Korea. The people have eagerly listened to the Christian message of life and liberty. Christians have undertaken to repair and enlarge their , churches, and to build new ones in spite of high prices and troubled times. These enterprises represent real sacrifices on the part of Christians, even to the selling of houses and land to give the money to the Church. A Methodist reports that one man sold his house, another a field, others oxen, clothes, jewelry, etc., to obtain money for the work. The Japanese police made trouble, being suspicious that these gifts were for the Independence Movement. They could not believe that anvone would make such sacrifices for Christian faith, and imprison~d some of them, who were later released. .

Many churches and groups of Christians who had become weak have been aroused and strengthened. In spite of-or perhaps be- cause of arrests and other sufferings, there have been revivals of religion in many places. When pastors were imprisoned, laymen took the lead and organized preaching bands who went out to do evangelistic work. In Pyeng Yang 700 new believers were enrolled in one week. Bible Classes and Conferences have drawn large num-

1V~11 EDITORIAL COMMENT

bers. Tithers have multiplied, so that 1,265 were enrolled in 80 churches. Fourteen young men in one conference volunteered for the ministry.

There have been many indications of new interest on the part of non-Christians. Churches have been filled to overflowing and in these and many other ways the cause of Christ has been advancing in Korea.

FIGHTING GAMBLING DENS IN CANTON O N DEOEMBER 1st last year, all the gambling dens of Canton, China, were closed by order of the new civil governor. In 1911 they had been closed by a previous order and remained closed for six years. In 1917 they were reopened on the plea that funds were needed to carryon a campaign for the constitutional government. One or two editors of papers who were courageous enough to protest, lost their lives in consequence. Those in power AN ANTI·GAMBLING PARADE IN CANTON-CHINESE BOY SCOUTS REGULATE THE CROWDS were autocratic and the Oantonese had no voice in the government of their province.

Last year a revolt against the usurpers was organized and the friends of liberty and good government drove out the reactionaries. A Ohristian anti-gambling association was formed, with MI'. Leung, secretary of the London Missionary Society, as president. The Chronicle of the Society thus describes the campaign: "In the spring of last year an active campaign was carried on to enlist members for the association, and to arouse public opinion on the qu~stion. All the Christian schools were enlisted in the work

and the boys and girls made a thorough canvass of the city. Their pluck was well rewarded, as more than 60,000 members of the association were enrolled. A weekly paper has been prepared and widely circulated, and the whole matter has been kept before the minds of the people.

"As soon as the new governor, Ch'an Kweng Meng, was appointed, it was decided to approach him and petition that the gambling dens be closed, and the lotteries prohibited. On November 23d, a large procession was organized. All the schools of Canton, both Christian and non-Christian, took part, and the m~mbers of the churches and the guilds, as well as the newly-formed labor associations, joined. At least 10,000 people took part in this demonstration~ They marched through the chief streets of the city, and finally came to the office of the governor. There a deputation, headed by Mr. Leung, and composed of representative8 of all the different bodies taking part in the procession, waited on the governor and presented their petition. His reply was prompt and decisive. He expressed in no measured terms his abhorrence of the evil, and said that the proclamations were already prepared ordering the closing of all these places on December 1st. The leaders left, feeling that indeed God had answered their prayer.

"On December 1st the proclamations were posted up everywhere and these sources of temptation were closed. Severe penalties are threatened on all those who disobey. The governor has succeeded to office with the provincial treasury almost empty, for this monopoly has paid six millions of dollars yearly for the privilege of having the management of the gambling business th.roughout the province. One cannot begin to tell of the ruin and misery these places have caused in all circles, and to know that they are once more shut is enough to make one want to shout for joy."

It might be in the interests of reform if the method adopted in China were introduced into America, namely, that whenever property is used for gambling, prostitution or other illegal purposes it shall be confiscated by the government and all the adjoining property likewise. This causes neighbors to be interested in law observance and in good government. .

SAVING LIFE WITH DOLLARS IN CHINA FEV men and women are so self-centered that they are indif- ferent to human suffering·. Many will unhesitatingly risk their own lives to save the life of another in danger of death, or injury f~om fire, flood or other perils.

None would be so mean as to refuse a small gift of money if they were convinced that it would save a child or woman from the pangs of hunger, much less would they refuse if their small gift would deliver from certain death.

EDITORIAL COMMENT

Men, women and children are dying of starvation in China. Three cents, the price of a stamp, will feed one Chinese famine sufferer for a day. One dollar will preserve a life for a month. Ten dollars will save one man, woman or child from starvation until the famine is over. Chambers of Commerce, schools, churches and other organizations are active in the raising of funds in various ways. Over 2,500,000 people are perishing. Think of the suffering of one woman or child who is starving.

MEA OF fAMINE,-……. OISTl~ICr • 100.000 SQ.MI.

.-,,i ,'….: SHAN-SI,~ POPULA T ION 050,ooe STARVING 4:11,000 : , 69'11> '., tV ,""·7 :v·:'./ r·t"I .. r ·· .". :',-.-",'"….. I SAN-TUNG , '"' ptj'PULATIOI••0.200.000 STARVING 3 ••00.000 , ,,' ,.,.—-,,' r…..,f :• 30'1'

, –'.J"~"'L.~.J"'''',.. ,._1r…………..~……… .:" "'- .a,, .. , ..'", HO – NAN , '. f·~..J..-···_/ ~….. POPULA nON 4.525.000 • " STARVING 2.508,~OO …,. .::-." •• .-#"., 55% ,I ~ MAP SHOWING EXTENT OF FAMINE IN CHINA.

In five provinces in North China, as shown 111 the map abo v/;', cror~s hayl" utterly failed and famine reigns. Fifteen million mell, women and children face starvation. Fifteen thousand are dying daily from starvation and attendant diseases. They are living all gTar-s, leaves, tree bark and roots until.

death claims them. The Chinese have organized for relief but wl1at they call do is not a drop in the bue-ket ·compared with the need. Americans must help. The ccuntry IS responding. Many gifts .of $1,000 or more arc needed, and a multitude of smaller gifts of all a'noun~s: Ve, so bl~s5ed o.r God, With our well-fed families will not forget the dire need of these stan-IPg mlJholl~. Immediate actlOll IS neces- sary, please do not delay. "Christian Observer,"

About $3,000,000 has now been contributed in America, but this leaves 2,000,000 who must die of starvation if more is not given.

The Ohinese are doing their part. The government is using railways and supplies.

The missionaries are devoting themselves to relief work. They dispense foreign money. Oonfucian temples are used for soup kitchens or for storage-the first time such a thing has been known, Thousands of famine sufferers who corne each day to the relief stations hoping for food, must be turned away because there is not a sufficient supply.

Eight out of ten in Neng Ching district will die unless help comes.

Over 200,000 people in Chi Chow Hsien district literally have nothing to eat. Food is available if money is furnished to purchase and transport it to the famine region.

Christians in Syria, where they know what famine means from their own experience in war time, are contributing from their poverty.

What will you do? "Say it with dollars." Send gifts to the China Famine Fund, Bible House, New York.

AUSTRIA AFTER THE WAR T HE ROMAN Catholic Church in Austria, though strong in numbers and with magnificent buildings, is weak in spiri.tual force. Some of the bishops and priests are making an effort to maintain Christianity, but they are contending against heavy odds. The Jews appear numerous, but large numbers of them are given over to radical atheism. Protestantism was never strong in old Austria, and since the partition of the old empire there are not more than 180,000 Protestants in the Austria of today. Of these, about half are in Vienna, of whom 65,000 are Lutheran, 15,000 Reformed, 600 :F'ree Church and less than a hundred Methodist. All of them are impoverished and depressed.

Great changes have been wrought during the past year in Czecho-Slovakia, within the churches as well as the nation. Whole parishes have gone out of the Catholic Church in a body and have joined a newly-formed Czecho-Slovak National Church which refuses allegiance to the Pope, discards the use of Latin (putting Bohemian in its place) and allows its priests to marry. There has never been so keen a desire to learn about evangelical Christianity, about the Bible and about Jesus Christ. The new Czecho-Slovak Republic is gradually finding itself.

CHURCH MEMBERSHIP GAINS IN AMERICA STATISTICS do not tell all the truth, and sometimes are mis- leading. At be~t they are incomplete, but they are valuable !o show comparative progress. Dr. H. K: Carroll has agam gathered figures relating to churches in the United States and has published them in The Christian Herald. Last year the figures seemed to indicate unusual stagnation in the churches. This year they indicate encouraging growth, due perhaps to the emphasis on evangelism in the various denominational forward movements.

According to these latest statistics gathered through correspondence with the various church officials, the increase in membership of evangelical churches last year was 480,gOO, of which the Methodists report 237,000. The Roman Catholics claim an increase

of 151,434 members, and Baptists 129,283. The previous year the total gain for all religious bodies was only 44,000, as compared with 667,000 last year. The table of statistics is as follows: SUMMARY OF DENOMINATIONAL GAINS AND LOSSES Commu- Gains in 1920 Denominations Ministers Churches nicants Min, Chs, Com, Adventists, 5 Bodies, ………… . 1,665 2,984 134,725 15 91 7,255 Assemblies of God, …………. . 700 200 10,000 Baptists, 15 Bodies, …………. . 47,983 58,933 7,207,578 d 24 363 129,283 Brethren (Dunkards), 3 Bodies, .. 3,843 1,2,76 124,179 159 5 6,000 Brethren (Plymouth), 6 Bodies, .. 458 13,244 Brethren (River), 3 Bodies, ….. . 203 122 5,962 Buddhist Japanese Temples, ….. . 34 12 5,639 Catholic Apostolic, …………. . 13 13 2,768 Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, 7 Bodies, ………………….. . 414 502 495,694 27 35 22,900 Catholics, Western, 3 Bodies, …. . 21,765 16,681 15,266,799 649 407 151,434 Christadelphians ……………. . 74 3,812 Christian American Convention, .. 826 1,094 104,390 d 106 d 98 d 920 Christian Union, ……………. . 350 320 16,800 Church of Christ Scientist, 3,200 1,600 2 Church of God and Saints of Christ, 101 94 3,311 Church of God (Winebrenner), … 421 525 28,672 Churches of God, Gen. Assembly, 690 425 14,867 Churches of the Living God (Col- ored), 3 Bodies, ………….. . 425 165 12,000 25 Churches of New Jerusalem, 3 Bodies, ………………….. . 131 146 9,772 Communistic Societies, 2 Bodies, .. 19 1,901 Congregational Churches, ……. . 5,695 5,959 809,496 1,230 Disciples of Christ, 2 Bodies, …. . 8,506 14,416 1,493,515 Evangelical, 2 Bodies, ……….. . 1,597 2,399 209,047 d 55 d 69 d 3,788 Evangelical Association, 15 Bodies, 444 207 13,933 Evangelical Protestant (formerly German), ………………… . 34 37 17,962 Evangelical Synod (formerly Ger- man), ………………….. .. 1,133 1,294 269,842 18 d 82 10,233 Free Christian Zion, ….. ,' 29 35 6,225 Friends, 4 Bodies, .. ,.,"',." .. ,. 1,331 985 119,294 d6 191 Jewish Congregations, .. "",', .. , 721 1,901 357,135 Latter-Day Saints, 2 Bodies, .. ,'" 7,910 1,640 452,797 220 13,000 Lutherans, 18 Bodies, , .. ,.".,.,. 10,061 14,955 2,493,894 367 769 31,389 Scandinavian Evangelical, 3 Bodies, 546 428 38,652 29 d 1 Mennonite, 11 Bodies, ….. ',.,.,' 1,753 930 83,201 157 36 3,680 Methodists, 15 Bodies, …… ,",., 42,426 63,645 7,705,258 914 d 40 237,127 Moravians, 2 Bodies, .. ,., .. ,"',' 150 143 23,370 4 179 Nonsectarian Bible Faith Churches, 26 28 2,273 Pentecostal, 4 Bodies, …… , …. . 1,453 1,394 46,596 Presbyterians, 10 Bodies, 14,309 15,844 2,255,693 11 d 168 43,031 Protestant Episcopal, 2 Bodies, "., 5,806 7,993 1,087,037 23 d 197 9,995 Reformed, 4 Bodies, """""'" 2,286 2,771 521,574 12 d 16 957 Salvation Army, ……………. . 2,918 957 48,786 Schwenkfelders, ………. , . , , , , . 6 7 1,280 Social Brethren, ……………. . 10 10 950 Society for Ethical Culture, ….. . 9 7 , 2,741 2 291 Spiritualists, ……………….. . 500 600 50,000 Theosophical Society, ……….. . 200 7,347 Te,?pl<;, Society, …………….. . 200 260 Unltar1ans, …………………. . 516 473 71,110 United Brethren, 2 Bodies, …… . 2,098 3,923 371,293 d 195 d 54 3,348 Universalists, ………………. . 620 850 59,650 267 879 148,673 — — — – – – – – – – – – – Independent Congregations, ….. . Grand Total in 1920, …….. . 195,926 230,585 42,140,997 2,290 d 556 667,007 Grand Total in 1919, ……. . 193,636 231,141 41,473,990 379 630 43,830 (d) Decrease, (f) Merged with Northern Presbyterian. (g) No returns gathered for 1920.

The reason for the change in the membership curve is not given, and many church bodies do not render complete reports. Probably they have no system of tabulating returns. It is interesting to note that Christian Scientists make no returns as to members, but report 3,200 churches. Roman Catholics report 15,266,799 (members of families); Greek Catholics, 495,694; Jews, 357,135 (heads of families); and Mormons, 452,797 members. The largest Protestant group is the Methodist, the second is the Baptist and the third Lutheran. Some communions still show a falling off in membership. Evidently there is still need for a spiritual revival in America-one "brought down" by prayer and eonsecration, rather than one worked up by organized effort.

A MOVE TO MUZZLE THE PRESS C ERTAIN parties in the United States are making a concerted move to introduee into the national and state legislatures a bill, known as the Rayher Bill in the New York Assembly, which would make it a prison offense for anyone to "print, paint, carve, hew, mark, stamp or stain anything in derogation of any religious denomination, sect, or order, or any race or member thereof, in whole or in part."

All will sympathize with any effort to preserve respect for anything sacred, and with any movement that will serve to protect from defamation, or misrepresentation, religious beliefs and practices. But such a bill as the one proposed is extremely dangerous and far reaching, for it not only would protect against slander and defamation but would prevent the truth being told in regard to organizations that might promote unpatriotic or immoral ideas and practices under the guise of religion. It would penalize telling the truth about "Peyote Worship," or Mormonism; it would silence any published criticism of Roman Catholic political propaganda-whether true or false. It is an assault on legitimate freedom of the press, and makes no condition concerning the truth of the pUblication in "derogation of the religious sect."

Similar bills have been introduced into Congress, in Pennsylvania and other states. Libel is already a penal offense and should cover the case. It is right that no individual or sect should be maliciously defamed, but no effort should be made to suppress the truth. To make a charge or cartoon a misdemeanor because it is derogatory to a religious sect is to put a premium on promotion of sedition and immorality under the cloak of religion.

The fact that these bills have been introduced simultaneously seems to indicate a common source and movement. The religious press and the churches need to exercise eternal vigilance if the liberties enjoyed in America are to be safeguarded. No true Christian will seek to damage the reputation of others by falsehood or mis-

EDITORIAL COMMENT 3,;3

representation, but no courageous Christian should hesitate to uncover every evil and false belief or practice that is opposed to truth, liberty, righteousness or love.

HOPEFUL SIGNS IK :;IEXICO EVANGELICAL Christianity advances in Mexico. Education, social welfare, political freedom, morality, uprightness and the spirit of altruism increase. The Mexican Government is far from perfect, but it is better than the anarchy of the past decade. The former bandit general, Francesco Villa, has announced his intention to enter the teaching profession. Evangelical Christianity is the hope of Mexico-as of other lands. Some of the signs of progress are pointed out by Alice J. McClelland of San Angel, Federal District, Mexico, in a recent issue of The Christian Observer'. She says: "The indication first in importance perhaps is the attitude of the Catholic bishops. Every day or so. the Mexico City papers publish another pastoral letter from some high church official warning his flock against Protestant propaganda. Some threaten excommunication with its dire calamities to any who give aid and comfort to the "enemy" by renting them houses or patronizing schools, etc. One, however, stated that their opposition was to be directed against the Protestant doctrines and not against the Protestants themselves, since it is the duty of all to Jive in peace with the other people who make up society, regardless of their beliefs. '1'11is is a hopeful sign of toleration.

"Another encouragement came in a statement made by the bishop of Guadalajara condemning the work of an emissary to the Roman Catholic Church in Mexico for encouraging the Mexican clergy to mix in politics. This new doctrine would mean a fairer day for Mexico.

"The result of the recent plebiscite of the public school teachers in the federal district is .of great moment for the cause of Protestantism and progress. The teachers were allowed to choose three candidates, one of whom President de la Huerta is to appoint as Director General of Primary InstructIon in the District which surrounds Mexico City and corresponds to our District of Columbia. Of the seventeen candidates Moses Saenz, one of the most intelligent and faithful Presbyterians, received over one hundred votes more than either of the other two. It remains with the President of the Republic to settle the matter. "The vote shows two very important aspects-first the strength of the Protestant element among the public school teachers; and, second, the breaking down of fanaticism and prejudice on the part of the Catholic teachers. This office has been held by a Protestant before, Andres Osuna rendering signal service therein for some two years, but he 11eld it by appointment, not by election, and his enemies finally

secured his removal. That a Protestant could be elected to an office by the vote of his peers is a great step forward.

"The Mexican end of the Church's Progressive Program includes a "Plan of Advance," initiated by the Synod of Mexico, which is the native Presbyterian organization. A very efficient young Mexican minister is its secretary. Much stress has been laid on the deepening of the spiritual life, personal evangelism, and stewardship."

SINGING THE GOSPEL IN INDIA A NEW bhajan writer and singer has appeared in Northwest India. He comes from the Bikanir Desert, has been a Christian four years, and is highly esteemed in his community. He sings to the accompaniment of his tara, which he made himself. One of his bhajans or songs is entitled" Prepare Your Train With Care," which is paraphrased as follows in the Indian Witness: The railroad train is likened to our body. The eyes are the windows. The engine is the heart. The station master is the voice. The telegram is illness. The flag is the hands.

As the song proceeds, lessons of morality, spirituality, warning and 5alvation are taught. Just as the railroad engine has to be cleaned after a long trip, and refired before starting again, so must our hearts receive repeated washings and refirings by the Holy Spirit. Sin is a heavy load, the way of salvation is long; therefore we should unload sin and carry only goods that are to our eternal advantage.

Sickness is an urgent telegram calling us to prepare to meet God. When the illness becomes serious and death is near, we have to make the fact known by waving our hands, the flag of distress. The engine, our heart, works heavily. The station master says, "If you are going to die, tell me, so that I can give you a ticket for the next world." For there are two lines of railroad, one running to heaven and one running to hell. The road running to heaven is straight, but no one can get aboard the train running on that road and carry with him the luggage of sin.

It will be too late to prepare after reaching death. There will be no Helper or Saviour. Why? Because, in life, we knowingly went on sinning, notwithstanding that we were warned.

At the junction where life ends is the door of heaven and the gate to hell. The judgment comes and everyone must show his ticket. Unless the ticket has on it the stamp and seal of Jesus Christ, made with His own blood, no one can enter heaven, but will be thrust through the gateway to hell.

India has methods of evangelism that are purely Indian. These are exemplified by the singing evangelists and the Christian Sadhus. The Christian Church in India should adapt these Eastern methods to the proclamation of the Gospel.

F. S. Arnot's Missionary Adventures*

Glimpses of the Life of a P·ioneer M·issionary in Centml Africa MR BAKER'S BIOGRAPHY REVIEWED BY JEAN KENYON MACKENZIE "H Author of "Black Sheep," "African Adventurers," etc. E IS young yet, but wait-that will be a man!" So said Liwanika, king of the Barotse, in 1883, of Monare, the Arnot of twenty-five, who was then two years in Africa with his life still in his pocket to spend, and with the world of Africa before him.

When we finish M I.', Ernest Baker's account of that life and its spending we agree that truly -this 'was a man. .

Frederick Arnot died in J0- hannesburg in 1914 at fift y-five years of age. He had traveled by hammock and canoe, by the long patience of oxen and the malice of donkeys, and by foot, twenty- nine thousand miles; a record, says Mr. Baker, never surpassed in Africa. He had, by example and appeal, been the primary in- strument in the establishment of one of the most flourishing of cen- tral Africa missions. He lived to see a force of sixty-one mis- sionaries at work in regions where he had ventured first alone.

In his letters and his diary he FREDERICK S. ARNOT left such a mine of observation and experience, and such a rec- At the Age of Thirty-One ord of adventure, as is not often fur7~~ir~eo;of;'~~; N:talt~~elBih~naa~~erB~i~:;:tl~: and the sources of the Congo and ZambcsL equaled. From these sources Mr. Baker has dug the riches of his book.

I will say at once of this book that it is first-class adventure. It is packed and closely packed with all the familiar and desirable prop- erties of adventure in pagan Africa. Here the lover of such trails, such grass country, such rivers and such forests, l1lay sleep after hairbreadth escapes, with his feet to the customary camp fire. and lulled by the customary roar of lions. Here the lover of caravans will have his fill of caravans,-their personnel, their defections, their – ·The Life and Explorations of F. S. Arnot. By Ernest Baker. 8vo., 330 pp. $5.00 net. E. P. Duttu n and Co., .New York, 192(.

3 55

endurances and their long devotions. Inventories of the contents of their loads he will have, and the heart-breaking thefts of these. He may walk sixty miles without breathing. With Arnot he may starve and almost die of thirst and literally snatch his dinner from the jaws of crocodiles. He will experience every kind of weather, the violent rains of Africa, those killing droughts, those nights of stars and moonlight that do so shine down upon the African wanderer. He will encounter every type of indigenous animal, not once but with a satisfying frequency; there cannot be, I think, another book better furnished with animals. He will meet with typical headmen-those astounding African potentates with their dignity and courtesytheir cruelty and greed, their capacity for friendship and for treachery, their wisdom and their childishness. He will approach the country of Garenganze with an accumulating knowledge of Msidi, the king of that country, and with some natural apprehension of the legend that there is in the middle of his courtyard a stake on which to place the head of his first white visitor. And he will come to know Msidi as a brother. He will refuse from Msidi the secret of a gold mine. On a Christmas day he will eat his dinner with a wild people living in caves, and on another day he will put to rout the entire population of the town of Kalolo, who have seen his footprint on the trail and who are too wise to venture to sleep in company with a man who "has feet like a zebra." At the end of one day he will be writing: "I have crossed three good-sized rivers unknown to map makers." And on another day: "I am now within the lines of the Congo Free State and am doubtless the first white man to cross its southern frontier." He will pass a year or more without a letter, and on one day he will receive forty-three. And he will have to record this very peak and crisis of Christian adventure: "My poverty is now complete."

For the lover of endurances, escapes and crowded hours-they are here.

For the lover of strange customs, the aspects and beliefs of primitive Africa,-these observations are here.

Arnot's faculty for observation is good. He is sincere and a good medium, neither emphasizing the horrors with which he has daily to do, nor idealizing that emergence from degradation which is the glory of the African Christian and the solace of the African missionary. His cannibals and his converts are here to be seenmurders and baptisms are duly recorded. This is a log book. And it is a log book written vividly, with many a word that is a lantern upon a truly African scene. I know of no more vividly written scene than that on page 69, and I know of no word more pregnant with Africa than that which says: "The sound of the drums is in every chamber of my brain."

The fee1ing of Africa if' on every page of this book-that Africa

F. S. ARNOT'S MISSIONARY ADVENTURES

which was the darling adventure of the adventurous in the mid- Victorian age. Here are old names to conjure with- Khama, Moffat, Livingstone, and of the last there is such full and novel mention as should much commend the book to the lover of Livingstone. The never failing magnetism of heroic endurance is potent again as we read. As Livingstone's endurances drew Arnot, so have the endurances of Arnot drawn others, and many a modern will thrill to the name of Dan Cravdord as it flashes up out of the page. It is plain to see that there is to be a file of such vagabonds upon the map of Africa .until the will of God is done. It is plain, too, that the Lord is mindful of His own. Elijah did not have a monopoly on MR. ARNOT'S CARRIERS RESTING PREPARATORY TO CROSSING A RIVER IN CENTRAL AFRICA purveyance, nor are ravens the only purveyors. There they are – the hunters of Tinka-each with a calabash full of water on his head, when Arnot with his caravan was reduced to a half pint, and that half pint worth to him I' more than half a ton of gold." But Monare's water was sure. Hear the caravan say, on that day near the Lufupa river when Arnot has had good hunting, "Praise for the white man's God, who fills our bellies with pig meat." For, says Arnot: "Now that I believe in the answer to prayer I seldom fail to get the animal I aim at."

In 1885, on his start from Benguella for Garenganze, his caravan having assembled and their loads having been tied, there was still one little thing that he needed,-that was a saddle. No saddle was to be had in Benguella, but there arrives a man with a letter and aD 2

offer of that least likely thing-a saddle. Whose saddle and from where does not appear either now or then; only to Arnot it is clear that he is" supplied with a snug seat for the journey, all ordered and found by Him Whose I am and Whom I (seek to) serve." The cobbler too, as raven, makes his contribution in Garenganze, when Arnot's feet are on the ground. Along comes a young man with a pair of boots-the first pair ever offered him in that country; they fit; they may be had for four yards of cloth-and four yards is exactly the measure of the residue of Arnot's store of calico. He thanks God for the boots-as well he may. Read on page 110 of the stolen men who were returned, and on page 78 of the dog that came back. And you-who have never starved nor died of thirst, nor weighed a pistol in your hand before the depredations of savage man, nor matched the power of God against the power of the prophets of Baal, nor written from a grass hut and a great isolation: "My poverty is now complete"-do not minimize the faith that asks of God bread and water and a saddle and boots, and that acknowledges those answers to prayer that are the very hand of God upon His lonely child.

There are many stories of children in this book. I think I never read another of the sort so full of the adventures of children and their little personalities. Their very accent and aspect is many times caught here, and the tragedy of heathen childhood is deeply felt and transmitted. This is the more remarkable as there is so little sympathetic mention of women. Livingstorre's sympathetic understanding of the African woman deepened as his knowledge grew, but Arnot has little to say, in general, of the tragedy of African womanhood. There is the old Makololo Christian woman of that evening in his youth at Lealui; she lives on the page. The account (on page 312) of his last meeting with his old friend Mokwae is well observed in his best manner. But of Nane Kandundu, the chieftainess, who must have had her points-how little she has stirred the imagination of Arnot. For all of him, she is dead long since. The truly vivid figures are of children and of men, young and old.

And the truly vivid moments, intensely felt in his narrative, are those moments when the power of God is evident in the speech and conduct of the black people. Arnot felt to the full that emotion which is inevitable where the Word of God is apprehended by primitive man. How moving such initial moments are you will seuse, in some degree, as you read these records of many burning hours. The reader who is an African missionary will find himself very near to Arnot at this point.

And at other points. For seven years Arnot led that pioneer life which is the life forecast for himself by the young man who gives himself to Africa. I think it is reasouable to suppose that the temperament drawn to missions in Africa is the pioneer temperament, and that this temperament has been attracted b:f the records of hard-

1921'] F. S. ARNOT'S MISSIONARY ADVENTURES

ships endured for Christ's sake upon the trails-preferably the unknown trails-of that country. The most potent African biogra- phies are those which have dealt with lonely hardships, lonely triumphs,-yes and lonely deaths. Such records are wine to the pioneer temperament; they have drawn many a hardy spirit to Africa. And many a one of these so drawn has met upon the field with this arrest and jarring shock-that in the work of missions, for all the need of pioneers, there is an unlimited demand for that type of endurance which can withstand the monotony and tne discipline of that secondary phase of work which is behind the frontier line.

And that there is need of men who will relinquish for the drudgery of station routine their darling dream of pathfinding and map mak- ing and the thrilling night by the camp fire when the people who sit in an unexplored darkness come first to the shining of the great light. For such, the story of the last twenty years of Arnot's life will have an interest as real as the stirring seven years that were pioneer. From 1890 until his death Arnot lived and worked very largely behind the lines. .

There is no better publicity for an embryo mission than the let- ters and the appeals of a lonely pioneer. And the authentic fruit of such service is a change in the circumstance of the agent. Arnot returned from his first furlough with a wife and a volunteer force of twelve. He who has been so much a free lance is now the head of a mission and of a caravan of one hundred and eighty porters. With- in two hundred miles of the coast the white men are reduced to eight, and the long African war upon a mission has begun. Henceforth the climate, the fevers, the difficulties of transportation-all these in- imical forces are to find a wider mark. And the senior missionary must assume his responsibilities for the welfare of the whole. To the seasoned missionary reader of this life, Arnot's reactions must be full of interest. How early upon that ardent spirit there fell the yoke of resignation! Because some one must devote himself to the inevitable task of transportation, he writes: "I must conclude now that my place is quietly to stay on here and not to go inland."

"They are praying me home," he says of his fellow missionaries in the course of one of his illnesses; and you feel, as he felt-be sure of this-that the !heyday of his youth and his adventure has come to a swift afternoon.

He begins to be wise in most mature ways; the word problem recurs in quite other senses than the old problems of bread and a lodging in the wilderness.

"To teach the native Chfistians honest trades is a great prob- lem."

"The problem is, to know what to do with the people. "

"And polygamy i8 a problem. "

Arnpt died at fifty-five-curiously old. So much water had flowed under the rude bridges of his African rivers in the course of his service that he could not be as young as he was. Whenever his journeys took him upon the iold paths of his youth he must tell us of the change. Here are the people who fled from the white man with feet like a zebra, and now the gDspel is preached to them every week. Listen tD his interpreter among the BarDtse telling .of these changes: "This," he said, pDinting to me, "is the great Monare whD lived in the BarDtse when YDU were all children. He has been away teach" ing the Lunda tribes and CDngD State people, and nDW they can all read and write and cDunt shillings."

Yes, my friends-there is YDur great MDnare, and that is what he has dDne fDr yDU. But YDU who can read SD glibly-loDk over his shDulder and see what he is writing: "HDw interesting every hill and valley was to me twenty-twD years ago and how dreary this time. My spleen threatens tD fill up my abdomen and I am reduced to a slop diet."

This is YDur great MDnare after thirty years in YDur service, YDU WhD fled from his zebra feet, but this is not the measure of him either. Listen tD him saying, at Kalaso: " 'Oh, the plans my poDr brain works up: what a field for an entirely new start!" And at the end .of another journey: "But Dh, fDr a hundred missionaries fDr the country I have just passed thrDugh !"

And .on a day when he spDke the truth fDr all his brDthers– "As a ship can never .overtake the .ocean horizDn, SD the missiDnary's hands and feet can never reach as far as his eyes and heart." "And there," says Mr. Baker, dDing fDr us the exact service that the interpreter did fDr the Barotse, "there is y,our great MDnare."

AN AFRICAN'S SERMON ON THE GREAT SUPPER Rev. L. S. Foster, of the Baptist mission in West Africa, gives the following extract from a native sermon preached by a native pastor in the Congoland : "Today, where are we? Are we on the way? Jesus likened the matter to a master of a house. If people are invited to a feast and one says, 'My pot is on the fire, I must attend to. that first: another says, 'I am on my way to the beach to fetch water, I must do that first: and another says, '1 must look after my garden, or the goats will destroy it'-later they come, but the door is shut. Thus it is when the opportunity is gone. God will say to us, 'I know not whence you are.' Our opportunity is now. Some who are last shall be first. So are all called to hear the truth sent of God, as if God were saying fu us, 'Those who come will be saved, but for those who refuse to come there is no salvation.' How many words does it take to save a man? We are not saved by merely hearing words. We all need to hear, but we must also receive and do."

M!<;XICANS IN TH!<; UNITED STATES IN A Y. M. C. A. CAMP, N!<;W

The Mexican in Our Midst BY REV. RODNEY W. ROUNDY, NEW YORK Associate Secretary of the Home Missions Council T o THE average American Mexico is a matter of geography. It is the country south of the United States with which America went to war in 1846 to 1848. In the peace following there was ceded to the United States the great southwestern domain. It is the state wherein Diaz and Carranza held sway, the country where Americans have great land holdings, certain wealth in oil wells, sure or insecure wealth in mines.

But there is a Mexico within the United States, a Mexico of history and of people. It is the land in which the early Spanish conquerors mingled with the native Indians and settled two of the oldest towns in the United States, Santa Fe, New Mexico and Tucson, Arizona. The Catholic priest followed the Spanish conqueror and in his chain of old missions to the Indians of California and the Southwest left some of the most significant memorials of a bygone day. It is the land of the" Delight Makers" and the builders of the Houses of Mirth. A great area of old Mexico is within these United States. What wonder if the skeptical Mexican does not always swallow without compunction the bait of Americanization.

But Mexico this side the border is it people as well as an area. A conservative estimate would place the number at a million and a half. One-tenth of old Mexico is within the boundaries of the United States. Ten per cent of the Mexican problem is north of the bor- 361

der. How appropriate that Rev. Jay S. Stowell should write effectively of "The Near Side of the Mexican Question." It is not, 10 here, and 10,- there; it is at our very doors. It is bone of our bone and flesh of our flesh.

Physically there is a border between the United States and Mexico. That border is 1,833 miles long and depends on the Rio Grande River, not a very stately stream in much of its course; posts and wire fences intermittently mark the line. Morally and spiritually there is no border. The Arizona boy was right when he told his mother that he did not see any border when he was taken to the international line, and gazed expectantly in all directions. To him it was as illusive as the pot of gold at the foot of the rainbow.

During recent years there have been two continental movements of peoples in the United States. Negroes stimulated by economic and social conditions have come North. Mexicans for similar economic reasons have migrated to the United States. They have come into cities and states of the Southwest. Texas has nearly a half million Mexicans, Arizona a hundred thousand, California a very large number and New Mexico a quarter of a million. It is true that the old Spanish-speaking population in New Mexico is its chief element. Th~ state has scores of towns practically one hundred per cent Spanish-American. Fully sixty per cent of the total population of New Mexico is of this order. The new migration has been largely elsewhere. This means the introduction of a school law allowing explanations in Spanish in the school room, which in many cases amounts to nothing less than instruction in Spanish, especially outside the larger centers.

Southwestern cities are crowded with Spanish-speaking folks. EI Paso, Texas, was the selected spot of the International Exposition in October, promoted by the business and social interests of the city, but of enough importance to attract the newly elected Mexican President Obregon as the place most suitable for his friendly overtures to the American nation. El Paso, just across the border from Chihuahua, where history was made in the days of the Revolution, is the greatest center through which the Mexican trek into the United States takes place. One finds the largest Mexican colony in America in San Antonio, Texas. The number is estimated at 50,000. Other border cities of Texas, Arizona -and California are alive with Mexicans crossing back and forth, and with mingling American and Mexican life. Dens for gambling and immorality flourish just across the line. The Mexicans furnish the dens; the United States quite largely supplies the patrons. It is l:t mutual affair.

This new immigration constitutes a national as well as a border problem. Mexicans are scattered through nearly all the states west of the Mississippi. They come farther East to Illinois and Michigan, even to Pennsylvania, New York and New England. They have

THE MEXICAN IN OUR MIDST

come for work. They work on the railroads, on the highways and in construction projects. They herd sheep, and tend cattle; they are in the sugar beet industry, even in the irrigated lands of Mon- tana j they raise fruit and pick cotton j the industries of the great Im- perial Valley and the Salt River Valley would be helpless without them j they cultivate and harvest crops of fruits, walnuts, beans, melons, Bermuda onions and alfalfa. Southern California could not be so rich in its output from the soil without the toil of the persever- ing Japanese and the industrious Mexican.

There are no walks of life in which work must be dOlle where the Mexican has not entered. Even one of the leading surgeons of the Southwest is a Mexican Indian and the present state executive of New Mexico, Governor O. A. Larrazola, is an American of Mexi- can descent. Though criticized for his zeal for the advocacy of teaching Spanish in the lower grades of the public schools, he is a real American. He has zealously preached an orthodox American- ,ism and has taught respect for and urged allegiance to the American flag. He has extolled the ideals of Christianity and the virtues of . the Christian home.

The Mexican has come into the United States to stay. He will go back and forth as a migrant worker in some degree, now that internal conditions in Mexico are improving. Largely, however, he stays. He remains to increase America's wealth, as well as her problems of housing, poverty, crime, disease and attendant evils. He continues a permanent factor to test our facilities for surmount- ing the handicaps of illiteracy and for the promotion of genuine Americanization.

The newcomer is, however, at heart a Mexican. If he thinks in terms of geography he believes that the Dnited States obtained its extensive southwestern territory, even California, in ways unap- proved by the conscience of America as she has applied her princi- ples to other nations in war time. Was it wholly a wonder that Carranza should have sympathy for Germany1 Are not the fruits of our Mexican War to be compared with the fruits of Alsace and Lorraine of the German War against France1 So far as the aver- age Mexican is concerned the burden of proof is on America. It is to the everlasting credit of our democratic institutions, our educa- . tional system, the greater spirit of our people that the acclimated Mexican is so favorable to us as he is. At least the United States furnishes for him a place to work, stability of organized life and a better chance for his children. The words of Senorita Eulalia Hernandez, a Mexican teacher now in the United States, should be carefully weighed: "Most out- siders, looking at Mexico, think the upheaval and the repeated revolu- tionary outbreaks in that country have been purely political. While it is true that the surface manifestations of the unrest have been

THE DIXON MISSION SCHOOL FOR MEXICANS IN NEW MEXICO largely along political lines, there have been widespread economic, financial, commercial and social changes. The revolutionary movements have been caused quite as much by the desire of the 12,000,000 Indians of the country for better working conditions and the opportunity to live more comfortably and to have better clothes and food and educatipnal opportunities for their children, as by any desire on their part for a change of rulers."

If Americans in general can satisfy this striving, Mexican newcomers can be Americanized. The problem cannot be met on the commercial political basis so evident in the report of the Fall Committee of the United States Senate dealing with our relations to Mexico, a report consisting "approximately of 2,135,000 words and one idea. That idea is war." The spirit of armed intervention in Mexico is of the essence of non-Americanization, so far as the Mexican in our midst is concerned.

CHRIS'I'IANIZING THE MEXICANS The Protestant Christian enterprise for the Mexican in our midst has recognized a religious background. Even before the coming of the Spaniards the natives of Mexico were distinctly religious, and under the Aztec rulers religious practices were highly developed The early Spanish explorers were accompanied by Catholic friars. The new lands were claimed for God as well as for the crown of Spain. The religious devotion of these adherents of the Cross in their desert journeyings, their. perils among strange and often hos-

THE MEXICAN IN OUR MIDST

tile tribes of Indians, their sacrifice in building gleaming white cathedrals for the worship of Christ among the Indians are all recognized and appreciated.

But failure came through stagnation. Roman Catholicism catered to natural superstition. Penitente and flagellante practices arose. The Catholic Church in Mexico failed to educate. It was aligned with an undemocratic method of government. A fundamentally new and different method and power must distinguish Protestantism if a new, elevating and transforming influence was to characterize its work.

The different method of Protestantism was Christian education. '1'0 a race of America's handicapped, to a people in bondage to superstition and ignorance, to folks with a straitened background and environment of low ideals the Protestant Christian Church has come with a pearl of great price. In the centers like EI Paso and San Antonio, Texas; Tucson, Arizona; Albuquerque, New Mexico and Gardena and Los Angeles, California, various denominations, including all the greater organizations of the Protestant faith, come with Christian schools. In the changing civilization who can estimate what these missionary educators have done in the formation of Christian ideals and laying the foundations of Christian faith. These schools have been the rock which wind, storm, earthquake could not shake. They have been as the mustard seed springing into increasing branches. These schools train boys and girls; they have social outreach.

A CONTRAST-THE DIXON PUBLIC SCHOOL FOR MEXICANS IN NEW MEXICO

Not only is this true of the larger boarding schools in the chief centers but also of the village and plaza schools, particularly in New Mexico and Arizona. More and more is it being seen that as the Christian ministry reaches the home of the pupil as well as the pupil is it really most effective. The service of the Christian social worker is thrice blessed. It blesses the individual, the home, the community. These agencies rise to strategic impressiveness in the social values through the school influences maintained by several denominations in Albuquerque, New Mexico; EI Paso, Texas and in the Plaza Community Center and "Good Will" Industries of Los Angeles, California. Two new schools are now projected, an agricultural school in Texas and a Boy's school on the Arizona border.

Out of the Christian educational environment comes .the leadership of the new day. Christian teachers are prepared by normal instruction for public school work; ideals of Americanization are implanted; mission school and community leaders are produced; the Christian ministry is recruited; the Christian atmosphere around home altars is obtained.

The Christian Protestant Church has grown slowly but steadily and surely among the Mexicans in our midst. Protestant missionary work was begun in 1830. Against the strong opposition of the priests, and sometimes in bitter persecution, patient effort has brought forth worthy fruit. The three hundred churches at the present time, many of them well equipped and many more on the way to better equipment, are the testimony of faithful Christian effort. There is a present membership of 12,000 and a Sunday-school membership even larger. A paid staff of 250 ministers and Christian workers beyond the one hundred and fifty-seven mission school teachers "carryon" as representatives of the Protestant Mexican churches which are far more numerous than the workers in them and the mission preaching points which are more numerous than the churches.

The call for Christian and community service among migrant Mexicans in the Southwest is very great. Shall this call be heard' It goes up to the members of our American churches all over the western states where the Mexican with his family goes for work. It summons the average church member to visit the homes and create neighborly relations with Mexicans near at hand. It bids groups of men and women in our churches to arrange for Mexican groups, mothers' meetings and so on in our regular Protestant organizations. The program invites strong seed sowing Christians, members of our churches, to enlarge the borders of their tents and include these least in their thoughts and plans in many local communities. It is the high call of God to neighborliness as the essence of the Christian gospel to groups of handicapped.

For Christianization the Mexican in our midst demands an interdenominational program and plan. The Permanent Interdenomi-

THE MEXICAN IN OUR MIDST

national Council for Work Among Spanish-Speaking People in the Southwest furnishes that bond of union and a working center of Christian life. Already a number of projects are under way which no religious body can handle separately. An interdenominational training school for ministers and social workers, an interdenominational paper in the Spanish language, an increasing amount of interdenominational oversight and strategy, working rules of comity covering the whole field and enlisting the allegiance of all concerned are either actively projected or already realized. The rich fruitage of Christian cooperation is now making its fair flavor and appearance known in this field as in those other areas of service to Spanishspeaking folks in Porto Rico, Cuba, the West Indies, Mexico, Central and South America.

Rev. Samuel Guy Inman's effective words on "The Human Quality in the Mexican Problem" are effectively to the point: "The United States government spent enough on guarding the border and on the Pershing expedition into Mexico, during the year of the Columbus raid, to build in every town in Mexico of more than 4,000 people a college, a community center, a hospital and a church, and to equip them magnificently. There would then be left over a sufficient sum to endow the public school system of each of these towns with $700,000. There would still remain the tidy amount of $15,000,000 for other parts of the program of education and community betterment."

What may not be done in solving the problem of the Mexican in our midst by a program of spiritual invasion and Christian conquest on a much less impressive plan of personnel and money than that appearing in our political or military expedition to the borderT May we not carry the Christian flag to the very homes and hearts of these handicapped sons of old Mexico at our very doors, aye, in our own American house!

INTERESTING FACTS ABOUT MEXICO Greatest length 1,942 miles; coast line 5,486 miles. Total area 767,000 square miles, about equal in size to United States east of Mississippi and South of New York state.

Mexico has 27 states, a Federal District containing the capital (Mexico City), and 3 Territories. Population, by 1910 census, 15,063,207. About 20% white, 37% Indian, 43% mixed. Foreigners numbered at over 100,000, including 20,000 Spaniards and 30,000 Americans (since the revolution this number of Americans has largely decreased).

Catholics claim over 12,000,000 of the population, though over 8,000,- 000 of the total popUlation are Indians or low grade mixed bloods (mestizos), only nominally members of the church.

Modern improvements in many of the cities. Fine public buildings, imposing public squares, noteworthy cathedrals and historic structures; also interesting remains of the ancient Aztec civilization.

Mission Work in Mexico now engaged in by seventeen organizations.

Tai Race of

BY REV. E. ]. EAKIN, PETCHABURI, SIAM Missionary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions OVER three thousand years before the time of Abraham, when the first Chinese came from western Asia into what is now northern China, they found there a great race that refused to be subjected to them, refused to be assimilated by them. Mter many a pitched battle these people retired toward the south, and now live in southern China, Cambodia and Siam. They were the ancestors of the Tai people.

The work of converting such people to Christ must be slow and painstaking, and by" methods very different from those which have been successful with such races as the South Sea Islanders. On the other hand, we are not dealing here with people doomed to perish quickly before the advance of western civilization, but with a race that will be worthy of our best efforts and capable of adopting the finest things from Christian teaching and practice for their own advancement.

The first Buddhist priests or monks who came to Siam from India recognized and respected the racial spirit of the Tai people. Siamese monasteries were soon established under Siamese control. Their methods were adapted to suit the temper and institutions of the people, as is indicated by Buddhist Lent in the rainy season and Buddhist festivals in the season of leisure. Religious control was centered in the ruling monarch far more than in other Buddhist countries and as the result the controlling influence of Buddhism is strong only in southern Siam, while in the north it is nominal. Prince Nara once said "There is not one bit of Buddhism among the Lao." That is probably not so true today, but among the Tai people in southern China, Buddhism hardly exists.

The present-day influence of Buddhism is great and in no other country in the world is it so aggressive and systematic a religious force as in Siam. The priests numbered, in the last census, upwards of 180,000, or about one in twenty of the male population. Under the present king we note the repairing of temples, the improvement of neglected temple grounds, and the stricter observance of the rules of the priesthood. Under the stimulus of the royal example, there is a quickening in the external practice of religion throughout the country; while the internal teachings of Buddhism have been greatly modified by the introduction of mauy doctrines borrowed from Christian books. When the Supreme Patriarch was asked by Dr. Speer for a definition of Nirvana, his reply was, "My understand- 368 TAl CHIEF OF YAO MOUNTAINEER VILLAGE NEAR CHIENG RAI. NORTH SIAM ing of the Buddhist doctrine of Nirvana is very much the same as the New Testament doctrine with regard to eternal life. "

There is to-day an awakening to the danger to Buddhism involved in the Christian invasion of Siam. Buddhist priests no longer view the work of missionaries with amused tolerance. In country villages there are scores of gates which they must pass in the morning without any gift to fill the rice pot, and the pinch of scarcity is felt in many a Buddhist temple. This reaches the priest where he lives, and he would not be human, if he did not try to regain his prestige.

There is, as yet, no sign of persecution against Christiaus in Siam. .The policy of passive resistance will not lightly, be changed to violent opposition. The priest still shows himself friendly in the missionary's home, and is deeply interested in Montgomery Ward's catalogue. He welcomes the missionary to the hospitality of the temple, but underneath there is determined opposition. Every method which seems to them worth while in Christian work, they

copy; every strong, positive doctrine of the Ohristian faith which seems to appeal to the people, they will incorporate in their religious teachings. Already Christian hymns are used in some Buddhist temples, with the terminology slightly changed. Already they speak of Buddha as the almighty Father who hears them when they pray. The abbot of a temple in Petchaburi said not long ago, "Buddha is not in Nirvana. Buddha is in heaven, and he will soon return to this world to finish his work. Mterward he will go to Nirvana."

The priests care little if the men become Christian as long as the women remain Buddhist. If they still hold the children, the loss is comparatively slight. Though the men become Christian and stand in with the missionaries in the hospital and the school, the women will continue to make merit at the front gate and in the temple as of yore. The mothers and grandmothers will see to it when the time comes, that sons put on the holy yellow robe.

The Roman Catholics have been engaged in mission work among these people for three hundred years. They have made the fatal mistake of underestimating the difficulty of the task, and have greatly mistaken the temper of the people. Three times within that period their missionaries have been driven out and their work destr,oyed, root and branch, because they schemed to gain political control. It was not in vain that the Siamese have called themselves the" free people. "

These Catholic missionaries are at present having considerable success, but it is almost entirely among other r;aces. A Roman Catholic priest said to Dr. Speer, "The Tai people are impossible. They are all going to hell." They will accept no benefits, economic, commercial, or religious, from people of another race, which would tend to bring them under SUbjection to that race. We may discern the hand of God in the present arrangement, according to which they are to be evangelized and developed in the Christian life mainly under a system of Church government which provides for control by pastors of their own race, and not by priests of a foreign race.

A comparative study of the Buddhist and the Roman Catholic influence convinces us that the Christian faith must be promoted as a Siamese religion, by the Siamese, and for the Siamese, by the process of natural development and spiritual growth. Now that the French government has discarded the Roman Catholic propaganda and has relinquished extraterritorial jurisdiction over Asiatic subjects in Siam, the Tai race need no longer fear the progress of Roman Catholic missionary work among the peoples whom the priests are able to reach and influence.

Forty years ago, it waS a common proverb among educated Siamese, that Siam was a hare between a lion and a tiger. The lion was Great Britain in Burma; the tiger was France in Cambodia.

THE TAI RACE OF SIAM

The lion did not want the hare, and the tiger could not take the hare while the lion was watching. So the position of the hare was safe, but not comfortable. Now that the lion and the tiger are lying down together and have agreed not to molest the smaller animals, the long ears of the hare are pointed toward the leopard of Japan. The rich, unoccupied territory of Siam must have great attractions for the Japanese, whose island home is so over-populated. Their spies have traversed the whole of Siam, and accurate maps of every part of the country are on file in the Japanese War Office. The slice of territory which France took by force in 1893, and the two small provinces which the British gained by diplomacy a few years ago, were not much loss to Siam, and there were compensations; but the influence upon the Siamese spirit is seen in present-day militarism, the purchase of a cruiser by popular subscription and especially in the remarkable development of the air service.

The unjust control of foreign customs makes it impossible for Siam to prevent the flood of vile liquors and pernicious drugs coming into the country from other lands, which threatens the ruin of the people.

Many Europeans criticize the situation here on account of the mixed character of the population. Some even go so far as to predict that the Chinese will take the country. This is a very superficial view, which loses sight of a very important factor in the problem. The Tai race possesses in high degree the Anglo-Saxon power

of assimilation. They can assimilate all other races, and they are not assimilated at all. Even Europeans and Americans, if the children remain all the time in Siam, do not resist this process of assimilation; and Chinese of the second generation are hardly distinguishable from the Siamese. On the other hand, a Siamese family in South Dakota, after forty years .of expatriation, retains its racial characteristics, though the father owns half a block of buildings and is a rich man. The children of an eminent American physician in Chicago, whose wife is a Siamese, have their racial characteristics so strongly developed that their nationality would be recognized anywhere.

Protestant missions in Siam have made marked advancement. 'fhe whole Bible has been given to the people in a satisfactory translation, and for many years, the work of circulating the Scriptures has been given a prominent place. Churches have been establishe::l in eleven different centers of population, whose influence reaches from the southern border of Siam up into the province of Yunnan, China. Tours have been made among the people of the Tai race in Kwangtung Province, China, and in Cambodia. The churches are up-to-date in their methods and aggressive in their policy and practice. Many men and women have made the supreme sacrifice for the sake of Christ. After seventy-five years of experience, a systematic plan of evangelism has been formulated, embracing the whole process, from the first pioneer preaching in a new place, up to the establishment of a church with its own pastor and session, fully equipped as a center of evangelistic effort. More than a hundred consecrated men and women have devoted their lives to the purpose of making known Christ to the people of this race. We have here not less than fifteen million people of one race, speaking one language, occupying one contiguous portion of territory, in which every home is open to the gospel, the women as accessible as the men. We may labor with confidence that our work will be permanent, for these racial characteristics and this language which have endured for thousands of years, may be counted on to meet the tests of the future.

One of our greatest obstacles is Buddhist indifference. They have been taught that indifference is the highest virtue in matters of religion. The images of Buddha in all their temples is a personal manifestation of supreme indifference. But in this age, that is no longer a tenable position. The puff of the railway engine and the thunder of the train are felt inside the temple, warning the priests that some religious teaching must be found that is more suited to the times. The echoes of the world war, reaching to the most remote hamlet, are calling to the people to arouse themselves, or racial autonomy will pass out of their possession. Christ's work for the Siamese must be done by persuasion. without the slightest hint of

lR2Jj THE T AI RACE OF

compulsion. From the beginning, it is best to make the religious appeal on the ground that the Lord Jesus Christ is able to work out in them and for them the accomplishment of all the best things that they desire, and greater good than they have ever imagined; and that He will do so if they will only let Him have His way in their lives.

For example, you meet an old hag, so Iwrinkled and ugly that she has not dared to look in the glass for years, and yet you may be sure that she, in common with every daughter of Eve, has a longing to be beautiful. Tell that woman that Ohrist is able and ready to undertake to make her more beautiful than any woman that ever lived and then watch that idea dawn on her mind. It is a fine sight. Buddhist indifference and even the narcotic effect of the betel nut, cannot stand before it. She begins to desire Ohrist, and thenceforth her darkened mind begins to feel after Him, if haply she may find Him, who is not far from anyone of us.

The opposition of the Buddhist priests shows that we must emphasize the Christian family. This involves Ohristian marriage of all who have already become Ohristians and insisting on the principles of monogamy. Happily the royal influence makes it easier to do this under the present reign than under the late reign. With this in view, it is well to teach the doctrine of the Ireunion of families after death. Almost all the Ohristian families here have had one or more children who have passed on to the better world, and to the parents and elder brothers and sisters the thought that these little ones are saved and glorified with Ohrist and waiting for them in heaven possesses a powerful influence. Ooupled with this is the idea of a Heavenly Home, to which the members of the family will be gathered in, one by one, as they leave this world. The bonds of family affection are strong among the people of this race, and they find no future in the Buddhist religion.

Nothing presents so great difficulty as the observance of Sunday and abstinence from intoxicating drink. On the former point, the closing of all service in the courts and government offices is a gn~at help. On the latter point, if the foreign diplomats can be brought to give consent, we may hope, in the not distant future, for a prohibition law.

Our purpose in coming to Siam as missionaries is the development of a religious life that will involve all the activities of the body and the soul; to bring all these activities under the absolute control of a personal Saviour and Lord; to give this consummation external expression in a self-supporting, self-controlling, self-propagating national church; and then to efface ourselves, as no longer needed. Having opened the door thus widely, it will not do for us to stand in the doorway.

3

·ANCIENT JAPANESE NOTICE PiWHIBITING

Can Japanese be Christians* Stories of Twice-B Ot"n Men and Women of Japan BY GEORGE GLEASON, OSAKA, JAPAN Representative of the International Y. M. C. A. in Japan "SO LONG AS THE SUN SHALLWARM THE EARTH LET NO CHRISTIAN BE SO BOLD AS TO COME TO JAPAN; AND LET ALL KNOW THAT THE KING OF SPAIN HIMSELF, O.R THE CHRIS- TIAN'S GOD, OR THE GREAT GOD OF ALL, IF :f!:E VIOLATES THIS COMMAND, SHALL PAY FOR IT WITH HIS HEAD."

T HUS read the notice boards posted from 1650 to 1873 in vil- lages and by roadsides all over Japan. Less than a half century later behold the change! In 1918 the Christian Church, including Roman and Greek Catholic, enrolled 232,929, and was served by 4,516 Japanese and 1,480 foreigners. Half the church members and three-fourths of the Christian workers are Protestants.

The following stories are convincing proof of the genuineness of·the faith of Japanese Christians: HAMPEl NAGAO-A CHRISTIAN ENGINEER The evening of February 22, 1919, at Vladivostok. It had been a winter of international confusion. Seven nations were watching each other. Japan was nervous. The presence in Siberia of 200 American railroad engineers, 180 Red Cross workers, a score of Publicity· Bureau men, 100 Y. M. C. A. secretaries and 8,000 soldiers-what could it be but camouflage for some big commercial deal with Russia ~ Americans questioned the motive of Japan's expedition of 72,000 soldiers. The British regretted that President Wilson's policy had not been different. The French were 1!-This article is from Mr. George Gleason' s book "Vhat Shall I Think of Japan ?"-just from the press of the Macmi11an Company, New York.

374

CAN JAPANESE BE CHRISTIANS

financing the Ozechs, 60,000 men without a country. Italy, on general principles, put her fingers in the pie.Ohina was watching to see that nobody stole North Manchuria, and Russia was involved in civil war.

Out of this international chaos a gleam of order appeared. Over in Tokyo "conversations" had been carried on that resulted in a service plan, finally proposed by Japan, for the cooperative operation of the Trans-Siberian Railroad. The responsibility was to reside in a Technical Board of eight engineers, one from each of the countries that had soldiers in Siberia. John F. Stevens of Panama Oanal fame was to be' the chairman. From Japan came Hampei Nagao, a COL. JOHN F. STEVENS OF AMERICA AND MR. HAMPEL NAGAO, ENGINEER OF THE TRANS-SIBERIAN RAILROAD fearless Ohristian layman. On his first night in Siberia we took supper together.

"I didn't want this job," he said. "There is too much international politics in it. But my government would not let me resign. I have come over to work with Mr. Stevens. You know him. Is he a Ohristian ~ Because if he is, I will go and have prayer with him, and then I am sure all of our problems can be solved."

Due not a little to the fine Ohristian spirit injected into that committee by this Japanese engineer, four months later Roland Morris, the American Ambassador to Japan, was able to say to a group of Osaka business men: "Every decision of that Technical Board has been unanimous."

Mr. Nagao is one of the leading Ohristians of the empire. He is a great advocate of temperance and of church union. When in

charge of the Kyushu Division of the government railroad he induced 6,000 of the 8,000 employees to sign the temperance pledge. 'While living at Moji, Mr. Nagao looked over the city and found several little denominational churches struggling for their existence. He started a movement for union, organized and raised the money for the institutional building of one central church. At any convention of Christian workers which he attends there is always a warm discussion of " Church Union."

He is now one of the six head directors of the government railways of Japan, occupying a civil position second only to the Premier and the members of his cabinet.

HONORABLE SOROKU EBARA-MEMBER OF PARLIAMENT Seventy-eight years old, for the twenty years 1890-1910 a member of Parliament, elevated to a seat in the House of Peers in 1912, founder and president of the Azabu Boys' School of Tokyo, member of the Higher Educational Council, decorated in 1915 by the Emperor for his services to education, the Honorable Soroku Ebara stands out as the great Christian Samurai of modern Japan.

His soldierly bearing, preserved these fifty years since his pre- Restoration campaigns, his combination of Bushido sternness and Christian love, his stirring anecdotes drawn from an immense store of thrilling experiences, and his keen knowledge of human nature, combine to make him a lecturer and evangelist much sought after. Were he not so devoted to his school he could spend all his time responding to invitations for religious addresses. The fact that he is a layman and a publicist gives his preaching especial force.

His capacity for work and the wide audience which he reaches are illustrated by a ten days' spring schedule, which included seven baccalaureate sermons, two educational lectures, and addresses at a church and a Sunday-school convention.

Mr. Ebara is a Y. M. C. A. president, and is at the same time indefatigable in serving the temperance movement and the peace societies and in supporting the work of his own church. At a supper given by the Tokyo AssociatIon to celebrate his elevation to the House of Peers, he told the following anecdote, which illustrated both his humor and his democratic spirit: "There is no denying that people pay special respect to a member of the Upper House. Members of both Houses receive first class passes (white tickets) on the railways, but when I was a plain member of the Lower House, the police and the train guards just made a grudgingly civil bow, whereas now they get down on their marrow bones. Even when I had a white ticket I was accustomed to ride with the blue ticket (second) or the red ticket (third class) common people, for I am one of them. One time I was on a train with a number of M.P.'s. They all rode in the first-class compartment,

CAN JAPANESE BE CHRISTIANS

while I got into the third. At Shizuoka as we all got off, I noticed with just a flutter of jealousy that there were twenty policemen lined up to welcome the members of Parliament in the first-class, while I was left unnoticed. One man was shown particular attention and I said to myself, 'That's because he's a relative of so and so.' But later I learned that the police had been detailed to arrest him on a charge of taking bribes, and I reflected that it was better to ride on a red ticket and wear a white heart than ride on a white ticket and wear a red convict's uniform. "

Mr. Ebara is verily one of Japan's grand old men, an imperial democrat, one of God's noblemen.

TOYOHIKO KAGAWA-A LABOR EVANGELIST Travelers who wish to see where for more than a decade the Sermon on the Mount has been literally lived in Japan should visit Toyohiko Kagawa at his little settlement house in the slums of Shinkawa, Kobe. He started life as the son of one of the founders of the Osaka Shosen Kaisha, now one of the big steamship companies of the East. Through fast living and speCUlation his father lost the fortune of the old and wealthy family. An older brother dissipated what was left. A rich uncle took the boy and placed him in a middle school from which he graduated sixth in his class. But the lad, eager for knowledge, sought the acquaintance of Dr. H. W. Myers, the missionary who baptized him two years before he finished school. After commencement, Kagawa announced that he was going to be a Christian minister and without delay his uncle threw him out penniless. A classmate who had been converted in the same English Bible class kept him for a week, and after that Dr. Myers took him to his home as his boy. At the Presbyterian College in Tokyo ani later in the Methodist Seminary in Kobe, he studied until his graduation in 1909. Later he spent three years in America at Princeton. Kagawa's real touch with the poor came during an attack of tuberculosis when he left school and went to live in the hut of a poor fisherman. He says, "There is a tragedy of sin in every house in that seaside village." After recovering, he returned to school, and the Christmas before his graduation went to live in a horrible little room in the slums. Let Dr. Myers tell the story: "We felt that in giving him permission to go there we were signing his death warrant, but he would take no refusal. He lived on $1.50 per month and the rest of the money given for his support and all else he got his hands on went to help the poor and suffering' about him. He gave away all his clothes except what he had on his back, and to provide for somebody who was hungry he often went without a meal. We continued to keep a change of clothing for him at our home where he could not give it away, and did our best to keep him from starving himself. Strange to say, this heroic treatment under

the blessing of God cured his disease. He was preaching day and night, visiting and nursing the sick, studying and writing during these years, and doing the work of six ordinary men.

"He is one of the leading figures of the religious world in Japan. He is the author of a half-dozen books on philosophical, religious and social subjects, has delivered special courses of lectures in a dozen institutions, is a leader in all the public agitation for social reform, carries on a laborers' dormitory, a free hospital and a dispensary, is editor and proprietor of "The Laborer·s' News," and is a constant contributor to several magazines. Besides all this he is the efficient pastor of his flock in Shinkawa and acting pastor of another church. He preaches three times a week in the slums and during last spring conducted evangelistic services in the Kobe Y. M. C. A. and in twenty churches of this section."

In the summer of 1919, at the request of the Federated Churches, Kagawa visited the coal mines of Kyushu. His report of the rough conditions where half-naked women and men were laboring for long hours in the dingy, dirty underground stirred the Christian world.

His latest achievement is the or- ganization of the Kansei Federa- tion of Labor with a membership of 5,500. This is the nearest to a real labor union of any similar organization in Japan. Mr. Ka- gawa needs at once a suitable building for this great uplifting work among the poor of Kobe.

MrcHIKo KAWAI-A NEW 'WOMAN "Today I have diseoveTed the coming woman of Japan," said Dr. Nitobe to his wife when he returned home from the girls' school at Sapporo where he had MISS MICHl K~W~I g .FlHE JAPANESE met the fourteen-year-od Michi- ko. "To my mind," writes her associate Miss Macdonald, "she is not the coming woman any more, she has come. " Not only as head of the Young Women's Christian Association but as speaker and writer to men is Miss Kawai making her impression on the New Japan. Excepting the late Madame Hirooka, few women could win and hold as she does the attention of Japanese men. Miss Macdonald writes of her early life: "Kawai San is the daughter of a Shinto priest who was the fortieth in his line, with an unbroken priesthood of 1,200 years, all at the Imperial Shrines at Ise. After the restoration in 1868 her

CAN JAPANESE BE CHRISTIANS

father's Order was abolished and he took his family to Hokkaido, the northern island. There he engaged in business. He was a very devout man and Kawai San has told us that among her earliest recollections is that of her father going out every morning to worship the great Spirit behind the Rising Sun. He taught his children to pray always facing towards Ise. When Michiko San was about eleven her father became a Christian through the influence of a cousin who had been a ne 'er-do-well, but had become a Christian evangelist. The whole Kawai family were baptized shortly afterward. The father taught them to pray turning away from Ise, to impress the difference on their childish minds. He died a little later."

The reticent little girl was sent to a mission school where Dr. Nitobe met her and took her to his home. "She was," Mrs. Nitobe said, "the shyest thing I had ever seen." Later she went to Bryn Mawr, having won the competitive scholarship which Miss Tsuda had founded for sending Japanese students from her Tokyo school to the American college.

Since her graduation Miss Kawai has been tireless in her work for women in Japan. Through her visits and talks at girls' schools, by the promotion of a series of women's summer conferences all over the Empire, and with her magazine, she is a national figure. Knowing that the docile Japanese woman can never become what she should without the help of men, Miss Kawai has welcomed increasing opportunities to tell young men how to look on women and how to prepare for their future homes.

Miss Kawai is a prominent Presbyterian, having been chosen an elder in Dr. Uemura 's church in Tokyo.

Criticism has, as a matter of course, been aroused. Several years ago I sat by a university graduate as Miss Kawai thrilled an audience at the Tokyo Young Men's Christian Association. In the midst of her inspiring address this man remarked, "We men do not consider Miss Kawai a typical Japanese woman. She is too eccentric." Thank God for such eccentricity. Would there were half a hundred more!

UTAKO HAYASHI-SOCIAL REFORMER Miss Hayashi is the able general who in 1905 as leader of the Osaka W. C. T. U. secured 10,000 comfort bags for soldiers in Manchuria, and since then has led three vigorous campaigns against the licensed social evil. The two fights of 1909 and 1912 eliminated from Osaka over 130 licensed houses involving 1,500 inmates; and the campaign against the new quarter at Tobita, kept up in 1916 for more than nine weary months, was due largely to her untiring energy and buoyant faith. These three drives against prostitution have been such an education to the whole Japanese nation that within a few years we believe the licensed system will be a thing of the past.

Miss Hayashi was born fifty-five years ago in Fukui, was gradu- ated from the Fukui Normal School and later became a teacher in the Episcopal Girls' School of Tokyo. In 1896 she became head of the Osaka Hakuaisha Orphanage which she built up through starva- tion and self-sacrifice until she was able to hand it over to another head with an equipment valued at $30,000 and accommodations for 130 boys and girls. In the early days of the orphanage she once fasted two whole days when the money failed. At another time after a day of empty stomachs, on re- turning from a night school where she taught, she "bought" five cents worth of potatoes for her starving children, promising to pay later. The next day, unable to keep her promise, she went around by side streets to avoid the dunning shop keeper. On the third morning the longed-for post office order came from America, but it was payable at the Denbo office three miles away across the river. Weak from hunger she started on the long walk but was stopped at the river for lack of the quarter cent for the ferry ticket.

The boatman yielded to her tears and she finally cashed the order MISS UTAKO HAYASHI OF THE and fed her children. If weeping JAPANESE W. C. T. U.

could have moved the Osaka Gov- ernor, the Tobita Licensed Quarter would never be on the map, for I saw his desk wet with the tears of this valiant woman as she pleaded for the freeing of the" white slaves "of the city. Living by faith, Utako Hayashi is giving all she has and is for the uplift of the women of Japan.

COLON-EL GUNPEI YAMAMURO- SALVATION ARMY IVORKER "When Colonel Yamamuro speaks I feel that I am listening to a man filled with the Holy Spirit," said a Japanese Y. M. C. A. secretary of the chief officer of the Salvation Army.

Wherever Yamamuro goes the halls are crowded. In the Osaka fights against licensed prostitution he has been chief platform speaker and publicity writer. His style is picturesque and conclusive. In his book" Study of One Hundred Prostitutes," he has investigated and interviewed the unfortunate girls whom his associates have rescued, and from their experiences he has drawn his conclusions. In public address he drives home the principles drawn from this examination.

CAN JAPANESE BE CHRISTIANS

"The Oommon People's Gospel," another of Oolonel Yamamuro'8 books, has caused hundreds of Japanese to become Ohristians. The Japanese "War Cry" is also in his care. In 1917 while on a visit to the United States, he conducted a highly successful religious campaign among his countrymen in many states.

On the accession of the present Emperor in 1915 Yamamuro was decorated with the Legion of Honor, a recognition of social service which has been granted to few Christians.

KIYOSHI KorZUMI-OHRISTIAN MERCHANT Two years ago, in the cozy parlor of a Japanese suburban home, I listened to the life story of a prosperous Ohristian merchant. Measured in money it was an upward climb from a two dollar a month teacher to a semi-millionaire iron dealer. Measured in spiritual values it was the rise from an obscure villager to one of the leading Ohristian laymen of the empire, and member of the Executive Oommittee of the World's Sunday School Association.

Mrs. Koizumi came from a well-to-do family. But she was cast off when she married a Ohristian. They were eking out a bare living when a trifling incident fired a new ambition. One of the primary pupils brought a Parley's history and asked his teacher to read it with him. Ashamed at his ignorance of English Mr. Koizumi resolved to leave his country school and master the foreign language. Although twenty-four years of age, he went up to Osaka and enrolled in the six years' course at the Taisei School. For support the little wife remained at home and taught sewing in a school for girls. Of her monthly income of $3.50 she sent $2.00 to her husband and starved on the rest. In the midst of the struggle, her baby came.

After finishing six years' work in four, Mr. Koizumi clerked for $2.00 a month. His wife joined him and in the evenings, the English student tended the baby while his wife sewed and thus added $2.00 a month to their meagre income. Then wages rose to $4.00 per month and later to $6.00. The wolf had been conquered.

Today he is a Ohristian iron merchant, the superintendent of the largest Sunday-school in West Japan, the treasurer of the local Young Men's Ohristian Association, and a pillar in the Oongregational Ohurch. vVhen the Osaka Association was raising money for its building Mr. Koizumi made the largest gift of any Ohristian in the city.

His Ohristianity he practices in his business. At meetings of his fellow merchants it has been the custom to carouse with wine and women. Against this evil he is throwing all the weight of his influence. Among his little group of clerks he regularly divides a tenth of each half year's profits, which at one time meant for the ten young men the snug sum of $35,000.

(1'0 be continued in June) BY PAUL B. WATERHOUSE, SAN FRANCISCO General Missionary to the Japanese along the Pacific Coast A SINCERE and straightforward application of the fundamental principles of Christian democracy is the real solution of the Japanese question in California. The present efforts of Christian organizations in America to bring the Japanese into vital contact with Christianity are totally inadequate. This is not so much because of the lack of consecrated Christian workers or the lack of money invested, as because of the duplication of effort. When five little missions with poor equipment locate within a short distance of one another and try in an inefficient way to do the work that one strong central mission could do, it is time to revise our plans and methods. A united effort with a suit- able building with adequate equipment and a staff of competent workers would show that we really mean business.

All the money and effort put into this mission work will make little headway in winning the Japanese to Christ, if at the same time they do not come into contact with a vital Christianity manifested in the lives of the Christians whom they meet in everyday life. The Japanese in California generally feel that even the Christians are prejudiced against them, or at least are not interested enough to help them. Anti-Japanese mass meetings held in several of the churches lent color to this impression. What greater barrier can there be to the bringing of men to Christ than such un-Christian race prejudice f One of the arguments used in favor of voting for the Anti-Alien Land law in California was that the Japanese have brought Buddhism into Christian America. The Japanese are building a Buddhist temple costing over ten thousand dollars right in the city of Fresno. "Vote against the Jap" it was said, "if you want to stop the invasion of a heathen religion in our Christian land."

It is true that most of the Japanese were nominally Buddhist before they came to America and are nominally Buddhist still. The priests who have come and set up their temples are perfectly willing to let them be merely nominal so long as they pay their dues. Often from the lips of Buddhists themselves we hear the expression" Bukkyo wa dame desu" (Buddhism is useless).

The best way to combat Buddhism in America is not by harsh legislative measures directed against the Japanese in order to drive them back to Japan. Their stories of unjust treatment in America breed hate instead of brotherhood, and prejudice instead of understanding. This will not advance the cause of Christ in Japan or in America. Such unfriendly treatment leads them to believe that Christianity after all does not mean much to people in America.

382 READING ROOM OF A JAPANESE Y. M. C. A. IN CALIFORNIA If we would win the Japanese we must show in our lives as individuals and as a nation, the realities of the Christian spirit and conduct. If the aliens from Japan or any other country come into contact with a living, vital Christianity, all that is false in their old beliefs will most certainly be revealed and will die out. We cannot overcome Buddhism by legislation but by a Christianity actually put into practice.

What better way is there to win Japan for Christ-to save the Orient, yes, and the Occident too, from the growing menace of an un- Christian military Japan-than to see to it that every Japanese who goes back to Japan (between five and six thousand every year) has, while in America, come into contact with a living Christianity~ If every returning Japanese were a missionary for Christ, how long would it take for Japan to be evangelized1 It is a great responsibility, a golden opportunity. Are we awake to its significance~ A young Japanese Christian, conscripted for the army in Japan was visited by his missionary friend in the barracks. One day just" after the missionary had gone the officer of the day came up and asked why that foreigner came so often to see him.

"Are you sure he is not a spy¥" he asked. "Oh, no. He's not a spy, he comes to see me because he is my brother."

"How do you make that out ~" asked the officer. "vVe have the same father." "See here, young fellow, what are you talking about' Look at your hair and eyes, they are black which shows your father to be a Japanese, while that foreigner with his white face and red hair certainly has a foreigner for a father." "I did not mean-that," returned the young Christian. "The living God in Heaven is his Father and my Father and so we are brothers. " The officer went away shaking his head, mumbling to himself, "I never heard anything like that before!" And he never had. That God is our Father and we are all brothers is the teaching of Christ and is unknown in non-Christian lands. The fact that two per cent of California's population is composed of law-abiding, industrious Japanese and that they own sixtenths of one per cent of the cultivated land of that state cannot be such a great menace to the remaining 98 per cent of the people. There are problems in California, the problem of the rigid restriction of immigration to prevent the inflow of Oriental labor ; the problem developing out of the colonization of the Japanese in certain restricted areas, the problems of Americanization and Christianization, but there is absolutely no problem in the California-Japanese situation which cannot be permanently and satisfactorily solved by the application of the principles of democracy and Christianity.

TEACHING THE JAPANESE CHILDREN IN AMERICA-THROUGH THE KINDE;RGARTE;N

GIRLS' SCHOOL OF THE SOUTHERN METHODIST MISSION AT PIRACICABA

Shadow and Light in Latin America BY WEBSTER E. BROWNING, PH.D. Educational Secretary of the Committee on Cooperation in Latin America T HE year of 1920, in particular, has witnessed many chan•ges in Latin America, and forces have been liberated which are bound to work even greater ones in the years to come. 1, The World War seems to have engendered a spirit of universal unrest, and there are few of the Latin republics which have not been affected to the extent of attempted changes in government, many of which have been successful. lUexico saw the death of Venustiano Carranza, who was assassinated by his officers whom he trusted even with his life, then followed the election to supreme power of his onearmed rival, General Obregon. Other pretenders to power in the same country have been killed or expelled, and the republic seems to have entered at last on an era of comparative calm.

Guatemala, by a popular and almost bloodless revolution, oVerthrew its Dictator-President, Doctor Manuel Estrada Cabrera, after more than twenty years of his despotic rule, and the National Congress has appointed another. executive to his place.

Costa Rica and other Central American and West Indian republics have experienced political upheavals and their Presidents have come and gone at the behest of this or that successful armed party. The United States has been compelled to intervene in Santo Domingo, Haiti and Nicaragua, in order to establish a stable form of govern- 385

ment, and little Panama has felt compelled to protest against what it has considered high-handed conduct on the part of its great Protector of the North.

Venezuela, for many years under the dictatorial rule of General Juan Vicente Gomez, who styles himself" President Elect," although he has never been willing to assume the office, has been the center of plots innumerable and, so strong is the feeling of the people against this despotic form of government, that it can be but a matter of time until the Dictator is compelled to abdicate.

Peru and Bolivia, by means of successful revolutions, have driven out their chosen Presidents and accepted others who are more in accord with the martial aspirations of the military leaders. Storm clouds still hover low over the Western horizon because of the resuscitation of the ancient" Question of the Pacific," and Chile, in particular, is strengthening to use her navy and her army with a rapidity and thoroughness that do not speak well for the peace of South America.

2. Social agitation has also been more pronounced than ever before in all the Latin republics, and the proletariat, heretofore held in bondage of soul and body by both Ohurch and State, and considered by capital as a mere producer of hewers of wood and drawers of water, is daring to speak out in defense of its rights and in tones that cannot be mistaken.

Unfortunately, Bolshevik leaders have not been lacking and the working man, generally illiterate and easily inflamed, has often been led to 'take action which has hindered, rather than helped him in his struggle for better remuneration for his toil and a consequently improved manner of living.

In some cases, labor organizations have become so strong that they have endeavored to impose impossible conditions on employers, with the result that capital has had to close its doors and laborers have been compelled to enter other trades or join the already numerous army of unemployed.

Governments are awake to the danger that may arise from the. incoming of residents who belong to the undesirable type. This is shown by the greatly exaggerated demands made on all travelers to comply with stringent rules and regulations, dictated by frightened immigration authorities, in addition to the presentation of the usual viseed passport. The authorities of one country demand medical and police certificates that the holder of the passport is not over sixty years of age, has not been a beggar during the past five years, nor imprisoned for crime, nor found to be insane within that same period.

3. Unfortunately, one notes too a changed attitude toward the United States in the mind of the average Latin American citizen. When we went into the World War, with high ideals nobly and beautifully expressed by our idealistic President, there was not a country in

SHADOW AND LIGHT IN LATIN AMERICA

Latin America whose people did not, in large majority, acclaim us as the saviours of humanity, the one nation which could rise above the pursuit of mere gain and the enjoyment of personal ease, and risk its all on the issue of a war waged for the cause of Democracy. The war was won and the armistice was signed. The opportunity was offered the nations of the world to sign the League of Nations which had. been proposed by the President of the United States, and these fellow Americans, eager to show their trust in, and their admiration for, the Great Republic of the North, hastened to affix their signatures that now bind them as members of that League, for their good or ill. The refusal of Congress at Washington to ratify the treaty and covenant has thrown doubt into the minds of thinking men South of the Rio Grande and has once more made vocal our inveterate enemies,- such as Manuel Ugarte, Argentine, and Vargas Vila, Colombian,- who have not failed to take full advantage of this failure of the United States to enter the League to declare that our normal attitude is one of deception, especially in dealing with smaller and weaker nations.

SOME RAYS OF LIGHT These are some of the shadows that have darkened the horizon of 1920. But there are not lacking rays of light that go far to dispel the darkness and that serve as an earnest of the coming day.

In almost every Latin American country there has been a most gratifying advance in social and civil legislation which shows the result of the impact of evangelical Christianity.

Chile, where primary instruction had never received its due share of a,ttention from the authorities of either the Church or the State, has at last, and in spite of clerical opposition, enacted a law which makes at least this grade of instruction obligatory, a:nd pro- vides for the necessary buildings and teachers.

The Civil Marriage Law, in the same country, although on the statutes for many years, had never been efficacious because of the opposition of the Roman Catholic Church. This law has now been declared as taking precedence over the ecclesiastical ceremony, and, to the general surprise of the public, the Archbishop has ordered his priests to obey the same.

Peru} the stronghold of conservatism, has also passed a drastic Civil Marriage and Divorce law which provides imprisonment for the , priest or minister who celebrates a marriage without demanding, pre- viously, the civil certificate. This law, tenaciously opposed by the authorities of the Church, was passed by Congress with only four dissenting votes,-one of these that of a priest; and was heralded by one Congressman as "the passing of the power of the clergy in Peru."

U1'uguay, already far advanced in temperance sentiment, as in many other forms of civic legislation, has enacted laws which will make it a dry nation for the celebration of its Centenary, in 1925. A

number of other countries are framing laws that are effectually paving the way for prohibitory amendments.

Among such countries, Chile, long known as one of the most alcoholic countries of ·the world, due to the abundant production of superior grades of grapes, is taking the lead in this class of social reform. Porto Rico went dry even before the prohibitory amendment was ratified in the United States, and several of the States of Mexico have taken the same step.

The day does not now seem to be so far distant when the legal sale of alcoholic drinks will be, as in the United States, a matter of history but not of practice in the republics of Latin-America.

2. This permeation of public opinion by higher ideals of civic and social responsibilities is largely due to the quiet, persistent and per- I:$uasive influence of Protestant missionary endeavor. Little chapels in dark and often dangerous streets, often in a back room on the second story of a tumble-down house, or in the meagerly furnished home of a humble working man, and schools that, to a trained teacher, fresh from well-equipped and fully-manned institutions, must seem wholly inadequate for the giving of auy sort of efficient instruction, have, during more than a half century, been exercising a quiet and unobtrusive influence that is but to-day bearing fruit. The rolls of this or that particular sect have not been perceptibly lengthened, and Board Secretaries and missionaries have often questioned the wisdom of a further expenditure of life and money on such unpromising institutions. Yet, during all these years, chapels and schools have been serving as centers of light and have shone all the brighter because of the deep darkness round about. Their awakening rays have penetrated to the very heart of national life and consciousness, and some of the work done in those from which less was expected has given the most far-reaching results.

A Bible handed to an army officer on one of the coast boats by a traveling missionary, became the fount of inspiration by which that officer, afterward President of his country, was able to abrogate the Concordat with Rome which had practically enslaved his people, and to secure freedom of worship and of the press, together with a Constitution that ranks among the great pieces of constructive statesmanship of the past century.

The Protestant mission teachers in their humble schools have been quietly introducing new methods that h!1ve been a source of in- . spiration to entire nations and have started governments on the way to legislation whose far-reaching effects can not yet be estimated.

The social problem, temperance, the care of lepers, child labor, a fuller life for women, the uplift of the native races, the labor problem, and other similar questions have all felt, perhaps unconsciously, the influence of the too often unappreciated evangelical missionary work. Schools and chapels, seemingly insignificant, have nevertheless been

as springs that dot the greensward, the sources ' of tiny rills that gather volume as they go and which, finally- uniting, form the mighty river that shall make glad the City of God.

3. Evangelical missionary work is now highly appreciated by those in authority who have studied its effect on the life of their peoples. President Carranza gave many prominent and responsible positions to evangelical clergymen because he found them better prepared than the average Mexican and more trustworthy.

The Ex-President of Guatemala declared to a delegation representing the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions: A PRESBYTERIAN SCHOOL. CHURCH AND TWO MISSIONARY RESIDENCES IN MEDELLIN. COLOMBIA "Although the earthquake has destroyed the material evidences of the work of your mission, its moral and spiritual results can never be obliterated from the life of my people."

He gave a public banquet to some twenty-five Protestant missionaries who were in the city attending a conference on Christian work. He himself did not attend, but his cabinet members were present, as also the Governor of the Province and the municipal authorities. An editorial in the daily paper under the control of the Guatemalan government, made this declaration.

"Fully cognizant of the intensely cultural work that is being done by the evangelical missions the world over) the government of Guatemala would gladly see Protestant work developed on a large scale in

the country, inasmuch as that which has been done in the past has been of great benefit to our people."

The newly-elected President of Ecuador has recently said to a representative of the mission boards that operate in Latin-America: "Count on me, officially and privately, for any help that I can give you or those whom you represent in carrying out any programme that looks to the uplift and ennobling of the people of my country. "

The recently-deceased President of Paraguay, in a conversation with this same traveling secretary, made this promise: "If an evangelical mission will undertake to establish a good Industrial School in Paraguay, you may come and choose the land you wish from the public domain and I will see that it is given you. " . The Prime Minister of the same country, referring to the establishing of evangelical schools in Paraguay, said: "We know that you are not of the dominant Church. That is why we have confidence in you. That is why we want you to establish these schools."

The chairman of a commission named by the government of Peru to study the possibility of establishing industrial schools among the Indians of that country, called in an evangelical school man for consultation and said: "If some one of the evangelical boards will come to Peru and show that it can do this work, you may count on the moral and financial support of the government."

A Roman Catholic President of that same country refused to order funds to be given for the construction of a road in a certain dis- trict, "unless the evangelical missionary living there acts as treas- urer!" The President of Chile in an interview with some of the Chilean evangelical clergymen who had called to present him with a copy of the Bible, authorized the following statement: "I am a Christian. I believe in the doctrines of Christ. But I drink from the pure fountain, not from the turbid waters of a swamp. I accept the real doctrines of the Bible, but reject the additions that have been made to it by the Church of Rome.

"The Book which you have given me shall not be separated from my side, and it shall be my guide and I shall know how to appreciate its real value." The shadows have not all been dissipated, but the dawning of a new day in Latin America is appreciably nearer. The coming light has already gilded the mountain tops and the shadows in the valleys are being perceptibly shortened. {( Watchman, what of the night? Watchman, what of the night? The morning cometh!"

of Foreign Missionaries in

BY REV. GEORGE DRACH, D.D., BALTIMORE, MARYLAND Secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions, United Lutheran Church in America I N APRIL, 1920, Protestant foreign missionaries in Germany met at Bethel near Bielefield, and organized a conference. The roll call, discussions and reports of that conference revealed the lamentable state of affairs in the German foreign mission situation after the war. Everyone knows that the war stripped most of the German foreign mission fields of their missionaries, but it has been difficult to survey the situation as a whole. In the first issue of the conference magazine, "Our Experience," published in January, 1921, there appears a summary statement of the present condition of German foreign missionary societies.

In January, 1921, over seven hundred German missionaries, not including wives of the missionaries, or more than three-fifths of the foreign missionaries of Germany, were obliged to remain in Germany, because their foreign fields were closed to them by the aftermath of the war.

From the point of view of the fields that are closed to them German missionary societies may be grouped in four classes: 1. The societies which retain their fields are the Rhenish, the Barmen China Alliance and the Kiel China Mission Society. The war, however, obliged them to reduce their forces from one-fourth to one-half. Moreover, toward the close of 1920 seven missionaries of the China Alliance were expelled from China and three of the oldest and most experienced missionaries of the Rhenish society, working in South West Africa, were obliged to return to Germany.

2. Five societies, the Neukirchen, Neuendettelsau, Hermannsburg, Berlin and Moravian, have suffered severe losses, retained only a portion of their foreign work, and are in a more or less precarious condition because of their inability to reinforce the fields they have been permitted to retain and because of the extremely low value of German money.

3. Two of the larger and more aggressive societies, the Basel and the Leipsic, have been deprived of all but a meager remna'nt of their former work, and are forced to bear the discouragement of having respectively five and six times as many missionaries at home as in the field.

4. Seven societies lost their entire foreign mission work: The Gossner, Bremen, Bethel, Breklum, Sudan-Pioneer; Liebenzell and Baptist. Several of these societies have already secured new fields. The Breklum Society, with the financial aU of the National Lutheran Council, has taken over the Kiel China Mission.

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None of the German societies have given up the hope of return- ing sooner or later to their former fields, though to human eyes the prospects are growing less hopeful every day. The way seems to be opening through more favorable political conditions in Egypt for the resumption of the work of the Sudan-Pioneer Mission, but in other fields the Allies are not willing to have them return to their work at present.

Foreign missionaries in Germany are in a deplorable situation from another point of view. Forced to return to Germany after years of service in foreign fields, they have had to readapt them- selves to life in a country in whose political and military atmos- phere they were in many cases not at home. Their hearts have remained in their foreign fields. Some were employed by their so- cieties in deputation service until the cost of traveling became pro- hibitive. Some secured positions as pulpit supplies and substitute pastors, but the return of former pastors and the influx of German ministers from the Balkans and other parts of Europe, have forced them out. The number of missionaries who have secured perma- nent pastorates is very small. Others have found -employment as teachers or inner mission (social service) workers while some who had learned trades in their youth, have sought a livelihood in that direction. The younger unmarried men are taking special courses in theology at the universities in order to qualify for service in the home church. The greatest difficulty is experienced by missionaries with families. Many are still being supported by allowances granted by their societies. The condition in general is illustrated by a refer- ence to the occupation of the missionaries of the Basel Society in May, 1920. Of its 172 missionaries 39 were without remunerative employment, receiving living allowance; 52 were earning a livelihood as supply or substitute pastors; 43 were variously employed and had prospects of permanent employment; 38 were engaged in non- German employment.

It is significant to read the following comment on the disin- clination of ecclesiastical authoriti'es to appoint foreign missionaries _to settled pastorates: "Their unfavorable disposition may be a phase of God's punishment of our German people, who have despised His Word."

Of all whose sad lot is cast in Gennany today, the condition of none is more unfortunate than that of the foreign missionaries, who must remain in a land where, despite their education and experience, there seems to be no opportunity for them to earn a livelihood, and where they are eating out their hearts with longings to return to the foreign fields that are still closed to them.

Work of Dutch

BY REV. HENRY BEETS, LL.D., C](AND RAPIDS, MICH. Director of Missions of the Christian Reformed Church T HE largest of the Reformed Ohurches of the Netherlands is the "Hervormde Kerk," which numbers nearly 1,400 congre- gations, served by about 1,650 preachers. This denomination does not carryon mission work as a church, but orthodox believers within its community have formed various societies under whose auspices work is carried on in the Dutch East Indies.

The next largest Protestant body in Holland is the Reformed Ohurch with 716 congregations and 554 ministers. They number over 225,000 communicants and total nearly half a million souls. These churches carryon a mission work in the Dutch East Indies, on the islands of Java and Soemba. In recent years their work has developed in a very encouraging way. In 1910 only three laborers were engaged in the work on the Island of Java, one of whom was a preacher, one a medical missionary and one a missionary teacher. At present there are seven ordained men in Java, assisted by over one hundred native helpers, some of whom are preaching, some are engaged in school work, others are educating native preachers, and thirty colporteurs are spreading Ohristian literature. The converts number about 3,000 and seven churches have been organized. In the forty schools, under the auspices of the Reformed Church, 4,000 pupils are instructed in Christian truth. At each main mission station a hospital is maintained and eight dispensaries have been opened in various places. In the island of Soemba the work is also progressing encouragingly.

The Dutch East Indies have at present in the neighborhood of 250 white missionaries working at 170 posts, with some 1,400 outstations and over a thousand native helpers. The number of converts is about 50,000, and over 90,000 children are taught in schools by 2,300 teachers. The Rhenish Mission Society of Germany, and the Board of Foreign Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church are also working in the Dutch East Indies and their work is included in the figures given. Recently some other German societies have been negotiating with Dutch missionary bodies with a view to occupying territory in the Island of New Guinea.

The awakened missionary interest in Holland is largely due to the Mission Study Council, of which Oapt. J. W. Gunning, of Utrecht, is the energetic secretary. The first International Mission Study Conference, under auspices of this Council, was held in 1911 at Lunteren, a summer resort in the Netherlands and each year missionary leaders from America and Great Britain are invited to address the 393

Conference in English. Last year three conferences discussed the three subjects: (1) Missionary education and mission study; (2) General missionary subjects; (3) Practical methods. The meetings have been attended largely by preachers and students, but a plan has been formed to hold one series of meetings for the working class and another at which teachers will discuss the bearing of missions on instruction in the lower schools. A few years ago a very informing volume entitled" Schools and Missions," was published as a manual for missionary teaching in grammar grades. Something of the kind might well be placed before the teachers of America.

In South Africa, a great work is being carried on by the Dutch Reformed Churches located there. In 1909 these churches maintained 72 foreign missionary workers and today these have increased to 150 or more. Their work is carried on among the Mohammedans, as well as among the natives of Transvaal and Bechuanaland, Mashonaland, Nyasaland and the Sudan, under the auspices of the Dutch Reformed Church of the Cape Province. The Dutch Reformed Church of the Orange Free State conducts work in Northeast Rhodesia; its sister denomination in the Transvaal is working in Portuguese Nyasaland, and the Church of Natal maintains evangelists among the natives of its own territory. Considerable opposition to these efforts has come from the Ethiopian Church which is composed of African Christians.

In the beginning of 1920 it was felt that at least 34 new workers ought to be sent out to the foreign fields in Africa. The result has been that already 21 of those asked for have been set apart for the work.

The Reformed Church in South Africa, the so-called "Dapper Church," to which the late President Kruger belonged, has also taken up the work of missions, but on a small scale.

The Christian Reformed Church in North America, last October, sent three ordained men to China, to begin the first foreign mission work undertaken by that body of nearly 100,000 souls. They are the Revs. Lee S. Huizenga, M.D., J. C. De Kome, and H. A. Dykstra. At present they are making a tour of investigation in provinces near Shanghai.

Next summer this Church plans to celebrate the quarter centennial of its mission work among the Indians of the Southwest, notably the Navajo and Zuni Indians. At present twenty-one Christian Reformed missionaries and six natives are laboring in the Southwest, not far from Gallup, New Mexico.

METHODS

MRS. E. C. CRONK, EDITOR, 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK WHEN YOU MAKE A MISSIONARY SPEECH THE FOUR ELEMENTS OF AN EFFECTIVE SPEECH* FACTS BIG FACTS HUMAN FACTS RELATED FACTS The majority of the people who read THE MISSIONARY RE- VIEW OF THE WORLD make missionary speeches either in private conversation or public address. This month the Best Methods Department is devoted to facts for missionary talks. Somc statements that are being quoted by missionary speakers arc out of date and need revision. Here are up to date facts for ten of the topics on which missionary speeches are being made.

If you find these helpful and would like to have facts on other subjects write to the editor of this department, naming some of the other topics on which you would like to see facts presented.

THE PRESENT WORLD SITUATION dustrial democracy; India is in the By DELAVAN L. PIERSON throes of a non-cooperation strike against British rule. A general survey of the present world conditions must be telescopic The social and industrial unrest is as rather than microscopic. This has its marked as the political. Strikes have advantages but should be only prepara- been the order of the day in America tory to more detailed study. and Europe. There are race riots, Bolshevist upheavals, socialistic dem- 1. There is world-wide unrest. onstrations, and similar movements all Foundations of the nations have been over the world. Men and women are shaken and broken up in some cases. groping to discover the secret of pros- perity in their social and industrial Political revolutions have stirred, or relations. are stirring, Mexico, Guatemala and other Latin American lands; Europe Religious unrest was aggravated and is still so unsettled that no one can tell brought to a head by the war. Thewhat a day may bring forth; Moslem ologies have been discarded by many lands are in a turmoil; China is wan- and the importance of beliefs has been dering in search of the path to peace; discounted. Sectarianism has been de- Korea is experiencing a peaceful re- cried, and unity is demanded. Scores bellion; Japan is the scene of a strug- of movements are working for church gle between military autocracy and in- union, or unity in faith and service. It ~ording to Dr. Cornelius H. Patton. is a testing time.

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Missionary unrest is also a result of Montana, Mexico, China, Korea, Inthe war. Thousands of German mis- dia and the West Indies. sionaries have been uprooted; missions in some Moslem lands have been 4. There are world-wide dangers. disturbed or destroyed; new methods The greatest perils to the Church are are being advocated for China, India not political or so.cial, grave as these and Africa with more emphasis on are. They are not the persecutions medical, social and industrial work. such as Christians suffer in non-Chris- There is danger of confusing the tian lands. The greatest dangers things of primary and secondary im- threatened are from the Godless tenportance. dencies within the Church and the Christian. They are materialism, de- 2. There are world-wide opportuni- pendence on social rather than spirties. All these upheavals are the sign itual regeneration; a loss of faith in of human hunger for something bet- the Bible, in Christ and in the superter. The upheavals are the plowing of natural and eternal; the danger of the soil to prepare for seed sowing. substituting "Mlother gospel" for the Dr. Shelton has entered Tibet; Dr. Gospel of Christ. Harrison has taken the Gospel to Central Arabia; Abyssinia has invited 5. There is world-wide remedy. United Presbyterian missionaries to The situation is desperate from a huenter. Russia and Moslem lands are man viewpoint, but there is a Heavenstill hostile, but present marvelous op- sent remedy. There is a divine Christ portunities. who is a sufficient Saviour. There is a Gospel that is "Good News," not The minds of men have been opened merely good advice. There is a divine by new experiences. The Indians, commission to every disciple of Christ Chinese and Africans who went to to spread the Good News. There is a Europe have returned home, with a divine Spirit that makes effective this new vision of the world. The India testimony. God works in human Mass Movement still goes on; the hearts. There is promise of a divine Chinese are learning to use the new harvest as a result of this sowing. phonetic script so that they may learn Men, women and children all over the to read and write in a month whereas world are daily, hourly, every moit formerly required years. ment, coming into the Kingdom of God, and their natures and lives are Many in the churches at home have being transformed. open hearts. The great denominational campaigns have not wholly succeed- God is unsettling mankind in order ed in their aims, but they have aroused that He may show them the way of people from lethargy. true peace. He has a program that is being carried out. The world is not 3. There are world-wide movements running by chance. God's power is for cooperation. The power of unity sufficient for these things and His love was proved in the war, and men today is unchanging. It behooves those who are advocating political leagues, in- are called by His name to study His dustrial unions, and religious associa- program, to submit to His guidance tions along denominational and inter- and to cooperate whole-heartedly in denominational lines. There are His plan for giving the whole Gospel church union movements in America of Christ to all mankind. and Britain, in China and in India. ACHIEVEMENTS OF MISSIONARY Missionary cooperation is recognized in the Home Missions Council, COOPERATION the Foreign Missions Conference and similar bodies. A new International By ROBERT E. SPEER Missionary Committee of Protestant bodies has recently been formed. In five regards the Foreign Mission Great results are reported from co- work has made notable achievements operative missionary movements in in cooperation.

In the first place it is a gain that

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many of the divisive names have had has enabled the missionary agencies in to be dropped because they could not the United States and Canada to apbe translated into other languages. proach their task with a common body There are fields now, like the Philip- of principles and with an almost compines, where the Christian Church has mon body of resources. In almost used one single name. And it is prob- every mission field now agencies of able that in many fields before long the the same kind have been developed, only Church that will be known- will agencies of cooperation and confidence. be the Church of Christ. In India the Anglican Church has been' foremost in the great movement that In the second place the foreign mis- has correlated the forces of India. sionaries have adopted a policy of the And all of these bodies, except the wisest distribution of the inadequate Roman communion, are correlating forces which are available for the their purposes and laying out their work. Men have seen the absurdity plans not in isolation but in common and wrong of crowding little groups conference and brotherly accord. of Christian workers into one single section while great areas went abso- In the fourth place, there has been lutely uncared for. And wise and in the mission field for a hundred sensible men, in whom the Christian years now such a volume of united spirit worked, have begun to appor- prayer ascending from men and womtion this task among themselves. The en as has arisen from no other section underlying principle was expressed in of the Christian Church. What we one of the deliverances of the Church call the Week of Prayer, long since of England some time ago, in the Lam- diverted to other purposes, sprang out beth Conference of 1887: "That in of the missions in India, and was dethe foreign mission field of the signed by these missions to rally the Church's work where signal spiritual whole Christian Church to pray for blessings have attended the labor of the evangelization of the non-Christian Christian missionaries not connected world. To-day I will venture to aswith the Anglical1 community a spe- sert there are more foreign missioncial obligation has arisen to avoid, as aries united in their prayer than any far as possible without compromise of other class of Christians in the world. principle, whatever tends to prevent the due growth and manifestation of In the fifth place, there have been that 'Unity of the Spirit: which should achievements in actual unity which ever mark the Church of Christ." have far transcended anything that we And there are very few missionaries have won as yet in any other areas of now who are not of the same mind the Church's service. We see it in the with Alexander Duff, who said that "he united institutions. I could name would as soon leap into the Ganges as scores of union colleges and theologitake one step to entice a Christian be- cal seminaries and hospitals and instiliever away from another Christian tutions of every kind. The day has body, or to do work that fell in the gone by when any separate communion natural sphere and was the duty of undertakes any longer to build up any other Christian organization." alone a great educational institution of higher learning on the mission field. In the third place the Foreign Mis- We have realized that there is nothing sion work has led all other Christian in truth that can be sectarian, that the activities in the way it has developed great body of truth is common truth confidence and cooperation among all and that we should unite in undertakthe forces engaged in it. Here in ing higher educational work. In New York City, we began thirty years building a missionary university from ago an annual conference of all the two to ten different organizatiom will foreign missionary boards of the often unite. Further, all the medical United States and Canada: It "as missionaries in China have gathered heen held annually ever since, and it in one medical association, and all the

missionaries in educational work have to one holy fellowship; and as one in gathered in, one educational associa- regard to the great body of doctrine of tion. And we have gone far beyond the Christian faith; one in our teach- this. Denominations separate in the ing as to the love of God the Father, West are united in the mission fields of God the Son, and God the Holy Ghost; the East. In Japan, all the Episcopal in our testimony as to sin and salva- Churches have united, likewise the tion, and our homage to the Divine Methodist; and more than thirty years and Holy Redeemer of men; one in ago, all the Presbyterian and Re- our call to the purity of the Christian formed bodies, seven ·of them, still life, and in our witness to the splen- apart in the United States, were united dors of the Christian hope.

into one body. In China today the "We frankly recognize that we dif- Presbyterian and the Reformed fer as to methods of administration Churches are one, and the Congrega- and church government. But we unite tionalists are uniting with them, no in holding that these differences do not matter what nation they come from. invalidate the assertion of our real All over the world we are witnessing unity in our common witness to the the actual melting together of denomi- Gospel of the grace of God.

nations. The missionaries are not "That in planting the Church of afraid to put their ideals into words. Christ on Chinese soil, we desire only Here is the resolution of the great to plant one church under the sale Missionary Conference of Japan in control of the Lord Jesus Christ, gov- 1900, adopted by the missionaries of erned by the Word of the living God all denominations gathered there. and led by His guiding Spirit. While "This conference of missionaries, as- freely communicating to this church sembled in the City of Tokyo, pro- the knowledge of truth, and the rich claims its belief that all those who are historical experience to which older one with Christ by faith are one body; churches have attained, we fully rec- and it calls upon all those who love the ognize the liberty in Christ of the Lord Jesus and His Church in sincer- churches in China planted by means ity and truth, to pray and to labor for of the missions add churches which the full realization of such a corporate we represent, in so far as these oneness as the Master Himself prayed churches are, by maturity of Chris- for on that night in which He was be- tian character and experience, fitted to trayed." exercise it; and we desire to commit Here is the finding of the Centenary them in faith and hope to the con- Conference in Shanghai. "That this tinued safe-keeping of their Lord, Conference unanimously holds the when the time shall arrive, which we Scriptures of the Old and New Testa- eagerly anticipate, when they shall ments as the supreme standard of faith pass beyond our guidance and conand practice and holds firmly the tro1."

primitive apostolic faith. Further, THE CALL FOR MEN IN 1921 while acknowledging the Apostles'

Creed, and the Nicene Creed as sub- By ROBERT P. WILDER stantially expressing the fundamental General Secretary of the Student Volunteer doctrines of the Christian faith, the Movement for Foreign Missions Conference does not adopt any creed The unprecedented increase in the as a basis of Church Unity, and leaves gifts to Foreign Missions in money confessional questions for further by the churches of Canada and the consideration; yet, in view of our United States during the past three knowledge of each other's doctrinal years has its distinct complement in symbols, history, work and character, an offering of life for this service.

we gladly recognize ourselves as al- In round numbers, there are on the ready one body in Christ, teaching one foreign mission field about 26,000 way of eternal life, and calling men in- foreign missionaries-that is, men

BEST METHODS

and women who have gone out from education to a school for deaf, manual the Protestant Christian churches of training, industrial schools and medithe so-called Christian countries to cal schools. work as missionaries in Europe, Latin America and the non-Christian Among the miscellaneous calls are world. listed accountants, agriculturists, architects, business agents, builders, Of these, over 12,000 are from Can- engineers, farm managers, houseada and the United States; under 900 mothers, hostel directors, printers, a of them are from Canada, the remain- librarian, a Scout master, stenograder from the United States. Over phers, Sunday-school specialists, treas- 1,600 of these sailed during 1920. urers, Y. M. and Y. W. C. A. secre- taries. While the Student Volunteer Movement for Foreign Missions, which THE HOME MISSIONS SITUATION is an interdenominational recruiting agency for foreign service, has never By REV. CHARLES L. THOMPSON, D.D. put a premium on membership and always has emphasized the actual get- President of the Home Missions Council ting to the mission field; its records show that almost 9,000 of its mem- The Christianization of America bers have sailed for foreign service. stands out in a challenging way today. World-wide events give it peculiar It is a significant fact that of the significance. European nations conmissionaries of all Protestant organ- fronting the world's unrest unite in izations who sailed last year, over saying "Our hope is in America." 1,400 were sent out by denominational agencies, 160 by union and interde- What kind of America? It is the nominational agencies and 60 by non- aim of Home Missions to make it the denominational agencies. right kind. Many factors plead for this new America. Our congested The Bulletin of the Student Volun- ports of entry reveal their peril and teer Movement shows for 1921 calls their promise. Our great cities are for 2,100 men and women for foreign seething with possibilities of power for fields. This is the largest number of good or evil. Our countrysides are calls ever recorded in anyone year. awaking to see their chance in the re- If the wives were added in every in- making of a nation. Our industrial stance to the calls for married men relations predict continuous battle or this list would probably include calls a new brotherhood. These are sigfor not less than 2,800 people, about nificant, outstanding Home Mission 1800 of these would be for women. obligations.

, This does not mean that 2,800 mis- Aside from the power of Gospel truth (for on that all depends) the sionaries will be sent in 1921, for many most cheering sign of the day is exsocieties have included calls beyond pressed in the one word-cooperation. the number which their financial re- Men learned its cogency in the war. sources will make possible for them to Divided counsels and leadership were send. Probably, however, the number imperiling victory. Then suddenly a will not fall much below the number union of forces under one leader swung the lines forward. In a much sent in 1920. higher sense the triumphs of the Gospel must have a union of forces. These calls are for practically every How that union has grown to the poforeign mission field in the world. tency it has today is a most encour- aging sign. In the memory of people The calls also include every type of not yet old missionary forces were service, though the largest ~u~ber ~y divided, often antagonistic, zeal for far is for the general mlSSlOnanes the denomination forbidding unity for (ordained men and. women evange!- the Kingdom. Gradually the sin of it ists). Second to thiS come the van- dawned upon the church~s. A vision ous types of educational ~ork frpm kindergarten to college, wIth speCIalization along all lines from general

of better ways and days dawned on a waiian Islands have 110,000 Japanese, few pioneer souls. Then "the vision 22,000 Chinese, 20,000 Filipinos, splendid" began to spread. A genera- 5,000 Koreans. tion ago the larger outlook was exceptional and chiefly local. Here and California- Poputhere in some hard moral and re- lation ligious conditions a few were forced 1910 Chinese Japanese to learn, even by adversity, that there must be a better way. They found it 1919 36,248 41,356 in what Ruskin calls "The Law of Help." Gradually the idea of feder- 33,271 87,279 ation took hold of a few communities. Here and there, under pressure of the Dec. 2,977 Inc. 45,923 hard battle in cities, neighbor regarded neighbor and said: "Can't we do 2. Occupation. The Chinese are team work?" As men saw the ad- largely gathered in the cities; 58% of vantages of it in economy and the Japanese in California are agriefficiency, the sporadic and local in- culturists. stances grew to a new philosophy of missions. The spirit of Christian Of 27,931,000 acres of farm land union helped on the movement, so the in California, the Japanese own 74,- great adventure of Christian federa- 000 and lease 383,OOO-a little less tion was born. In New York after than 2%. Their production increased exhaustive surveys revealing desper- from $6,235,000 in 1909 to $67,145,000 ate conditions and the urgency of new in 1919. They raise 90% of the strawways, a Church federation was berries and cantaloupes, 80% of the formed. Working under new handi- onions, tomatoes and lettuce, celery caps it challenged the attention of the and cut flowers, 55% of the cabbage, country. Other cities took up the en- 40% of the potatoes, etc. They are deavor. In some states, as in Maine, no mean contributors to the nation's state organizations began to function. well being.

So came the Federal Council and 3. Problems. the Home Missions Council, the ob- a. Religion. Hawaii alone has 78 ject of which was Christian team work Buddhist and Shinto temples-ll built for all the things that concern the in five years These are ministered Kingdom of God. Now there are to by 79 priests. One temple in Honostate federations in nearly every state. lulu cost $100,000. In ma;ny states there are Home Mis- Buddhism is hardly a religion, but sions Councils whose aim it is, by rather a patriotic cult to keep the scientific study of moral and religious Japanese loyal wherever they are, by conditions to combine all Christian a common worship-perhaps of the forces in solidarity of action. The Emperor! To these influences must fact that we have in so large a way accomplished this is the one bright be added the Japanese language light we fling up against the darkness schools under the control of Buddhist which in so many respects shrouds the priests. sky. b. Chinese Girl Traffic. This exists THE ORIENTAL AND THE CHURCH in spite of all efforts in San Francisco and elsewhere. 'IN AMERICA c. The Chinese Tongs. Less than By REV. GEORGE L. CADY, D.D. one-fifth of the Chinese belong to the "Tongs" but the rest live in terror of Corresponding Secretary of the American them. They exist for illegal purposes. Missionary Association They can be suppressed. A new slo- gan: "The Tongs must go !" 1. Population. Two-thirds of all Orientals in the United States are west d, Open gambling and vice unsupof the Rocky Mountains. The Ha- pressed by the police forces.

FORCES: Missions for Chinese in California 53 Missions for Japanese in California 72 Missions for Koreans in California 15 Hawaii had 18 Japanese churches with 1854 members in 1918 '

1921J BEST METHODS

Hawaii has 8 Chinese churches with 653 000,000 this last year. The political members influence of the United States in the Mission Problems: Mission Con- Caribbean district especially has re- gestion, especially in the Plaza section cently been vitally increased. The of Los Angeles, and in Chinatown in spiritual influence of the North Amer- San Francisco. Efforts are being ican people shou~d certainly grow made now to solve the Los Angeles commensurately With these other in- flu~nces, ~emarkable changes are problem but in Chinatown there are takmg place m Latin American life. nine different church buildings worth The World War has made Latin about $400,000 and seven other de- Americans begin a new search after nominations with rented buildings God, compelling them to re-examine costing the boards from $30,000 up- their materialistic theories, supposedward and al! for a Chinese population ly beyond attack. With this new of 8,000 in an area of six blocks. yearning for spiritual life is a desire Compare this with the for closer friendship with the United Unoccupied Fields: For Japanese ~tates, whose idealism displayed dur- -'estern Washington, Yakima Val- l1;g the war has dissipated old preju- ley, Southern Idaho, Utah mining dices and turned Latin America again towns, Orange County, Cal., small toward the doctrine of all-American town between Pasadena and San Ber- solidarity. "If America does not save nardino, H?Dd River Valley. atheBuweonrolsd,Aiitr~wsilpl ronfoetssboer saved" said recen'tly. For Chtnese-Sacramento River towns, Reno, Salt Lake, Boise, Spo- There are SIX fundamental needs in kane, Ogden, rural districts in San Latin America.

Joaquin Valley, rural districts of First, A new faith. God must be recognized as a present help, not sim~ lower California. .

Save the American Oriental for the ply a future judge. Jesus Christ must sake of the Orient. Scores of Japa- be the inspiration for the solution of nese and Chinese Christians have re- pre:;e?t pressing social problems for turned to their native land from the mdlvIduals and for nations.

American mission work. The Chi- Second, Education. Illiteracy is the nese in America maintain a very ex- great fundamental problem, ranging tensive work in their homeland. Hun- from 40 per cent to 50 per cent in dreds are returning to their ancestral Uruguay and Argentina to 85 or 90 homes'-will they take back to their per cent in Venezuela and Santo Do- Orient a .kind of a .r~ligion as Trotsky mingo. New York City's present took a kmd of pohtlcs from America budget for education equals the to Russia? amount spent for education in all the God has forced upon us the oppor- twenty republics of Latin America in tunity to touch them with the Gos- 1914.

pel of Christ, and to make them emi- Third, Economic reform. Indus- grant missionaries to the new Orient trial unrest is general and great strikes of tomorrow. have taken place in practical!y every LATIN AMERICA Latin American country. A thousand ~trikers were killed i~ a single clash By S. G. INMAN III Sao Paulo. SOCIal upheaval in Executive Secretary of the Committee on Cooperation in Latin America Mexico is destined to be reenacted in At no time has the work of the Chile and other countries if the prob- North American Mission Boards in Latin America been so important as lems of labor are left unsolved. The at present. Commerce between the United States and Latin America has Christian Church alone has the ungrown from $700,000,000, at the beginning of the World War, to $3,000,- selfishness and the power to solve them.

Fourth, Good literature: the domi- nant literature of Latin America is

atheistic and often immoral. There tunities for education. It is estimated are great classics, but practically no that as many as 7,000 Navajoes are popular literature to help in the de- destitute of educational care. velopment of character. So fast as the states through their Fifth, Justice to the Indian: the public school departments and county hopelessly exploited aborigine is the boards are prepared to furnish schools most pathetic figure in Latin America. for Indian boys and girls it is rightly His backward condition is the great the policy of the government to disdrag on Latin American progress. Any continue its schools. This policy canagency that can point the way toward not proceed too rapidly without gross a betterment of his condition will be neglect. For at least a generation a welcomed by the various national gov- large number of government schools ernments. The Christian Church dare must operate, though in some cases not longer ignore the needs of these combinations and adjustments will be first Americans. possible.

Sixth, Modern medicine and sani- The peyote evil among groups of tation: the rich command the services Indians, especially in Oklahoma, is of skilled physicians but the poor re- assuming proportions most detrimenmain pitiable victims of preventable tal to the health and morals of many diseases. Valparaiso has an infant Indians. The use of this mescal bean death rate of 75 to 80 per cent; whole with its accompanying hallucinations states are without a resident physi- has assumed religious sanction as an cian; the country districts are desti- Indian religion with an incorporated tute of medical service, while trained church in the state of Oklahoma. One nurses and public dinics are unknown or two states have passed laws proexcept in a few large cities. Only hibiting the use of this deleterious Christianity can stir up the public con- drug. The national government should science to relieve such conditions. speedily take the same course if it is to continue as faithful guardian of the The Committee on Cooperation in humanitarian interests of the original Latin America acts as a clearing house Americans. and board of strategy for thirty different mission boards having work in Through the Joint Committee on Latin America. Indian Missions of the Home Mis- sions Council and the Council of THE NORTH AMERICAN INDIANS Women for Home Missions the Prot- estant churches of America are By RoDNEY W. ROUNDY maintaining a united front in their missionary efforts. There are twice Associate Secretary of the Home Missions Council as many missionaries in the field as there were twenty-five years ago. For the total Indian population of Fields are so allocated by mutual the United States of 336,337, one- agreements that there are almost no third of which is in Oklahoma, schools cases of overlapping. There is an inare a prime necessity. Indians cannot creased desire to reach all the Indians, become worthy citizens of a Christian even the most scattered and neglected, civilization without educational foun- by some responsible missionary agency. dations. In meeting this task of Cooperation in the maintenance of Americanization there are about 200 mission schools and in religious ingovernment day schools, 70 reserva- struction in government schools is the tion boarding schools and 24 non- order of the day. Without loss of reservation schools. In addition there evangelistic zeal there is increased emis a combined enrolment of 5,000 phasis being placed on social minis- Indian boys and girls in the 47 Roman tries and methods of rural religious Catholic and 25 Protestant Mission work on the part of missionaries to boarding and day schools. StilI there the Indians. This very year many of are an estimated 21,000 eligible pupils, usually among the smaller groups or isolated tribes yet without oppor-

BEST METHODS

the missionaries will be in attendance dren of school age in China. and only at summer schools f or rural workers. a few thousand copies of Christian All at it, all together is the motto of magazines and picture books. the time. "Happy Childhood" is the chil- COLLEGES FOR WOMEN IN THE dren's magazine which the cooperation of Christian women has given to ORIENT China. The editor is Mrs. Donald MacGilvary. The Junior Red Cross By MARGARET HODGE of America is paying for two hundred copies of "Happy Childhood" to be President of the Woman's Board of Foreign sent to two hundred primary schools Missions of the Presbyterian in China. Church. U. S. A. The new phonetic alphabet is mak- Public attention has been directed ing the literacy of the Chinese somerecently towards these colleges be- thing to be hoped for within a genercause of the International Christmas ation. The Christian Literature Com- Gift of $1,000,000 from a hundred mittee of the Federation of Woman's thousand women in America. Al- Foreign Mission Boards of North though the whole amount was not re- America gave $1,000 gold last year to ceived, yet it is gratifying to know aid in the preparation and distribution that $144,754 is in hand from this of phonetic literature for the women source. In addition the colleges have and children of China. A committee over $300,000 invested in land or in of women, foreign and Chinese, are cash, while the ten cooperating Mis- giving careful study to this subject. sion Boards have written into their budgets for the next two years about This committee has determined to a half million dollars. The Laura Spel- prepare simple booklets giving the man Rocke'feller Memorial Fund has parables of Jesus, biographies of outpromised to give one dollar for every standing Christian women, home probtwo raised in this country. It bases lems, and similar topics. its gift not only on the Christmas gift but on the amounts given in the past The first weekly Christian newsfew years and holds the offer open up paper in phonetics, issued in China, to January 1, 1923. has appeared recently.

(These Colleges, the work they are A magazine for school girls of Indoing, and their needs were described dia has recently been begun. This in the December 1920 and February modest venture calling for $500 for 1921 numbers of the REVIEW.) 1921 is for the present in the hands of Mrs. Wilkie, a missionary of the They need the small gifts of the Methodist Episcopal Church in North many, the large gifts of the few, and India. every dollar given in the next two years means another half dollar. But "Ai no Hikani" is a tiny and, to they need quite as much our intelli- American eyes, rather unattractive gent prayers, and our choicest and best news sheet, published in Japan, by the young women as teachers. Christian Literature Society, for the coolie women and poor fisher folk. CHRISTIAN LITERATURE FOR The missionaries tell us that these lit- tle sheets are eagerly welcomed each THE ORIENT month by the dwellers in these humble homes. By ALICE M. KYLE Additions are being made as rapid- Editor of HLife and Light for Women" ly as possible to the few Christian books that have been translated for Our perplexity in America is to the women and children of the Orient. choose between the many books and China now has its first illustrated magazines which are offered us. The Life of Christ translated for very perplexity of the women and children small children. of the Orient is to find any Christian books and papers in their language.

There are one hundred million chil-

Woman's Home Mission

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK RECREATION AND THE COUNTRY some sport. When father and moth- CHURCH er and neighbors, old and young, par- By SILAS E. PERSONS, D.D. ticipate in games, especially out-of- door games, there is little inducement "Work is a means to an end, but or opportunity for our young people play is an end in itself." So wrote Horace Bushnell, one of New Eng- to go astray. On the positive side, land's foremost preachers and philoso- also, there is ethical value in healthy phers, more than half a century ago. sports. I like to teach a boy to have VI/hether or not this thesis can be suc- the four indispensable virtues of good cessfully maintained, I wish to de- sportsmanship: nerve, skill, courtesy vote a part of this article to the con- and fairness. Such training ought to sideration of playas a means which help him to play fair in the bigger the Church may well use to noble games of life, in the market, in the ends. arena of politics, in the parliaments of men, never flinching, never losing The American churches have not temper, nor unbridling his tongue, fostered community or even family never playing false to competitor, to plays. To a large extent play with State, to God. The discipline of highus is a professional matter which we toned, manly sports constitutes one of enjoy, but in which as a people we do the educations of life. It is a means not engage. Many games which have of grace and helps to save the soul persisted during the ages are very from flabbiness, from meanness, from largely tabooed by the Church, as they are largely used by interests inimical dishonesty. to Christian character. We have not But our word "recreation" is larger generally recognized playas a part of life, of church life as well as of secu- than the word "play." Whatever inlar life. Two inevitable and regret- terests us intensely, absorbingly, has table results have followed this short- in it elements of re-creation. One sighted policy: the perverting of these reason why games are so valuable as plays into really harmful and danger- recreation is that they so engage our ous forms of amusement, and the attention that for the moment we forgradual and unconscious alienation of get ourselves and all our carking many of our children from the cares. There are few if any occupa- Church. A naughty world has made tions that so naturally lend themselves the plays naughty and they in turn to recreation as that work in God's are making our children naughty. out-of-doors which we call farming. The Church has not looked upon play The moment it is made scientific and as a means of grace or as a means of engages an inventive mind, as well as building character. It has failed to the ox-like brawn, it becomes rerecognize the spirit of playas one of creative. When a boy's mind is open the God-given characteristics of hu- to the beauties of Nature, alert to her man nature, and therefore has not processes of growth, eager to expericonsciously and purposefully made a ment with Nature, to work out the place for it in its program of Christian problems on the farm as he would culture. And evil influences have not work out a puzzle in a social contest, been slow to use and to pervert what his mind is renewed every morning the Church has scorned. and fresh every evening. His physi- cal and mental resources are recreated in the very process of work itself.

There is something wholesome and One day a friend of James Gordon safe in getting the whole community Bennett stepped into the office of the together for an afternoon of whole- New York Herald and found the edi- 404 tor, as always, plunged knee-deep in CHURCH AND COMMUNITY the enterprise of editing a great daily Christ foundation of Church Home foundation of Community paper. He said: "Bennett, how do you endure this everlasting drudg- Upon these rests society Righteousness becomes each ery?" "Drudgery? This is not Cooperation essential to success Happiness the ideal of all drudgery, this is fun." iVhen you convert work into play, make it a tus- and Companionships guarded sle with Nature, a wrestling match with God's out-of-door forces, in Opportunities improved Mutual interests considered which, by his intelligence and in- Moral welfare promoted genuity, the farmer's boy is going to Unwholesome conditions removed win, there will be as little sense of Needful pleasures provided drudgery in farming as in editing a Ideals of life ennobled Truth and Home exalted newspaper. . Youth wisely instructed. But the winter, the tedious winter on the farm! Its nights, so long and . -MRS. JOHN FERGUSON. cold and dark, so different from the light and airy gaieties of the city, the THE CHURCH FACING ITS TASK theater-goings, the conc~rts, the lectures, the movies, the dances of the The mission study of the year has city. What shall we do with them? helped us to see some of the unmet How shall we at once banish their responsibilities of the Church toward tediousness and make them cOlJ.tribute the communities in which it is placed. to the mental and spiritual joy and The survey which was carried on durworth of boy and girl, father and ing the preceding year has opened mother? Get the whole neighborhood many eyes. together for a Bible Study Social, with games and plays and stereopti- Properly cultivated, the rural field con views and spelling matches and will yield returns in spiritual power, what-not in the way of amusement, in recruits, iIi money. The present and with it all a study of the lives of situation is appalling as much for its the great Biblical characters, and then neglect of the people as for its negbreak bread together in true and lect of these potential resources. The neighborly communion. Boards and the Country Church move- ment have a new asset. There was I want to record an appreciation of enormous value in having so many the really recreational work that the people study their own communities country church is doing every Sun- with a view to attempting to see a day. For the preaching of the Gos- solution of some of their local probpel, the glad tidings from God, and the lems. Men and women have taken a hearing of it preached, are themselves new grip on church life, have rerecreation, and break the dead monotony of rural life. Just to attire one's ceived a new idea of the program of a self in his best and most self-respecting going church. raiment, to meet his neighbors in friendly converse, to sing the hymns The composition of the American of his faith, to have his conscience city is the result of the three processes stirred, his religious hopes awakened, by which it has secured its people; his spiritual vision led on into the rural emigration, alien immigration, Infinite and the Eternal, and his sense and the increase due to births. Each of God and His goodness made real of these processes has created a corto him, creates again,upbuilds, gives responding group in the American joy, helps in the struggle, and makes city; the rural emigrant is the result life richer and more worth living. of the first; the foreigner of the sec- Religion, like the Sabbath, is recrea- ond, and the indigenous city folk of tional. the third. The task of the Church in appealing to these different groups is as much a psychological problem as it is a social, economic, moral and spiritual problem. These three groups 5

think in fundamentally different service is the goal, not only the shinterms, and their usual reactions ing goal but the attainable goal. It toward situations and facts are the rises clear above ecclesiastical pettiresult of different traditional view- ness and at the same time transgresses points. none of the cherished denominational In the evolution of the city, people ideals and ways of working. of like interest are drawn together. The study of the coming year will Thus the communities and neighbor- further bring us into a position of hoods take on a definite character. In "Facing Our Unfinished Task in the commercial world, wholesale busi- America." The book for adults will ness and retail business are segre- be "From Survey to Service" by Dr. gated; different trades are segregated Harlan Paul Douglass, the book for along certain streets; races are segre- young people, "Playing Square with gated; linguistic groups are ~egre­ Tomorrow" by Fred Eastman and the gated; economic groups are segregat- junior book, "Stay-at-Home Joured. This process of segregation neys" by Mrs. Agnes Wilson Osborne.

results in the complexity of the AMERICA American city. As a result the Church is confronted with the task of minis- A golden cup is in thy hand, tering to many different kinds of com- Thou holdest it at God's command, America! munities.

Thus far, the Church's approach to His cup of blessing not thine own, this field has been haphazard and Thou may'st not quaff its sweet spasmodic. There has not yet been evolved a science of procedure which aloneadequately meets the needs of the city. Certain of the great problems of the This cup of blessing sent through thee city can be met only when the Prot- To thirsting, sad humanity. estant churches of the city concentrate on a common program, unselfish- oGod keep thee to thy mission true, fairest land the world e'er knew, America! -KATE W. HAMILTON.

ly working for the lifting up of hu- CHAUTAUQUA manity. Given a coordination of all these forces, a cooperating group of There was a registration of over one trained workers under competent thousand at the Home Missions Inleadership, wise strategy and an adequate budget, and almost any prob- stitute conducted by the Council of lem in the city may be solved by the Women for Home Missions in co- Church. operation with the Chautauqua Insti- tution, at Chautauqua, N. Y., August There are many neighborhoods and 14-20, 1920, the tabulation showing many groups of people to whom the registration from Africa, China, India, Spirit of Christ has never been Japan, Siam, Turkey and Porto Rico, brought home with persistency and as well as from twenty-nine states and power. Nothing less than every- the District of Columbia. Thirty-one community service on a state-wide denominations were represented. . The scale can compass the great task. It is dates for the session to be held this not only an unfinished task, it is an un- year are August 13-19.

initiated task in multitudes of communities. Bringing the Spirit of WEEKLY DEVOTIONAL SERVICE Jesus Christ warmly, winningly to Realizing dependence upon the Al- bear on every person in every commun- mighty for strength to perform our ity is within reach, if we all take work, and desiring the oneness of hold of the job, each group in its own spirit which comes from united com- way, having merely eliminated cross- munion with the Father, the Home purposes and stimulated intensive ac- Missions C01J[lcil and the Council of tion. State-wide, every-community Women for Home Mis'sions in 1919

W0.MA.:"'S HOME MISSION BULLETI:.i

inaugurated a short weekly informal Boulder, Colorado-No session prayer service at the noon hour on Thursdays. We invite our constitu- Mrs. Harry F. Hoffman, 2141 Vine ency and friends to join with us weekly, wherever they are at that hour, in St., Denver, Colorado. thanksgiving, supplication and intercession. Dallas, Texas-September 19-24 As we together face the unknown Mrs. L. P. Smith, 3319 Drexel Drive, future may we each be strengthened by the knowledge of the presence of R. F. D. 10, Box 246, Dallas, Tex. the Lord Immanuel. De Land, Florida-January 23-30 If a wren can cling To a spray a-swing Mrs. J. W. Harkness, De Land, Fla. In the mad May wind, And sing, and sing, East Northfield, Mass.-July 5-12 As if he'd burst for joy, Vhy cannot I contented lie, Mrs. Philip M. Rossman, 203 W. 85th In His quiet arms, Unmoved by life's annoy. Street, New York, N. Y.

-Author unknown. Houston, Texas-June 6-10 SC~OOLS OF MISSIONS Mrs. Jake Armstrong, 1109 Anita Ave- The interdenominational Schools of nue, Houston, Texas. Missions, under the united leadership of representatives of women's or- IIlinois-Missouri-June 14-18 ganizations of different denominations, have for their purpose the as- McKendree College, Lebanon, Ill. sembling of women and young people of a state, or group of states, in a ten- Mrs. J. D. Bragg, Webster Groves, day session for intensive study and recreation in some inviting location in Mo. city, mountains, or by the seashore. In the study of God's Word, of home Lake Geneva, Wisconsin-August 20-30 and foreign missions, of the great issues of the day, of normal work in Miss Frances Comee, 2969 Vernon Ave- these or other lines, the women of these assemblies are brought nearer nue, Chicago, Ill. to the great truths of God and to a personal knowledge of Him. The at- Los Angeles, California-May 29-June 4 tractiveness and joy of service as demonstrated in the sessions of these Mrs. A. W. Rider, 612 St. Paul Avenue, schools is a compelling appeal, the force of which we have scarcely yet Los Angeles, Cal. comprehended. There are now seven- teen schools affiliated with the Coun- Minnesota-June 1-7 cil of Women. Miss Alice Webb, 2300 Nicolett Ave- Dates and Chairmen for 1921 nue, Minneapolis, Minn. Bay View, Michigan-No session Miss Carrie Barge, Delaware, Ohio. Mt. Hermon, California-July 9-16 Mrs. Charles C. Lombard, 2227 Seventh Avenue, E., Oakland, Cal.

Mountain Lake Park, Maryland-August 1-7 Miss Susan C. Lodge, 1720 Arch Street, Philadelphia, Pa.

New Orleans, Louisiana Mrs. C. F. Neibergall, 7936 Zimple Ave- nue, New Orleans, La.

Oklahoma City, Oklahoma-In the Fall Mrs. H. S. Gilliam, 2244 W. 13th Street Oklahoma City, Okla. '

St. Petersburg, Florida-January 16-21 Mrs. A. J. Rich, 444 Fourth Street, St.

Petersburg, Fla.

Wilson College, Chambersburg, Pennsylva- nia-June 28-July 5 Miss Mary Peacock, Torresdale, Pa.

Winona Lake, Indiana-June 23-30 Mrs. C. E. Vickers, 132 North East Ave., Oak Park, Ill.

o matchless honor, all unsought, High privilege surpassing thought That thou shouldst call us, Lord, to be Linked in work-fellowship with Thee! To carry out Thy wondrous plan, To bear Thy messages to man; 'In trust,' with Christ's own word of grace To every soul of human race.

-Author unknown.

FROM MANY

NORTH AMERICA New Rockefeller Gifts T SPECIAL Committee has been Social and Religious Surveys HE Woman's American Baptist Aformed to carry forward some of nounced a conditional gift of $1,- Foreign Mission Society has an- the work started by the Interchurch ()(X),OOO from the Laura Spellman vVorld Movement in the line of social Rockefeller Memorial Fund for the and religious surveys. This Commit- international campaign for financing tee consists of Dr. John R. Mott, Prof. Woman's Colleges in the Orient. The E. B. Burton and Mr. Raymond B. condition is that an additional $2,000,- Fosdick. Dr. Charles R. Watson ()(X) be raised by the Committee. The serves as Executive Secretary, giving Fund is to be applied for new build- a part of his time until his return to ings for the Woman's Union Colleges Egypt. The office is at 111 Fi fth Ave- in Japan, China and India, which are nue, New York City. The Committee supported by twelve cooperating mis- plans to preserve some of the religious sion boards.

survey material which was gathered The six colleges and their separate by the Interchurch World Movement; needs are the Woman's Christian Col- and to complete some of these surveys lege of Japan in Tokyo, $610,000; so that the information may be made Ginling College in .Nanking, China, available to missionary boards and $790,000 ; Yenching College in Pe- Societies. king, China, $840,000; the Woman's In looking about to discover the Christian College in Madras, India, tasks most urgently requiring comple- $200,000; Isabella Thoburn College, tion, the Committee selected a limited Lucknow, India, $200,000; the Vel- area of country, town and city work. lore (India) Woman's Medical Col- They have undertaken to carrv for- lege, $200,000. The Rockefeller ward the surveys in thirty typical Fund agrees to hold the offer open counties, the completion of the St. until January 1, 1923.

Louis survey and the completion of The General Education Board, the American Indian survey. founded by John D. Rockefeller, an- nounced on March 1st that it had Church Unity at St. Louis authorized additional grants of $2,- T HE distinctive feature of the St. 660,000 to colleges and universities, Louis Church Unity Conference, conditioned upon their raising suppleheld February 2-4, was that for the mental sums that would bring the first time all current movements of the total up to $8,600,000. Annual appro- kind were presented from the same priations amounting to $209,700 were platform. Six distinct union move- made to Negro education.

ments had a hearing: the Lambeth Appeal, the World Conference on Lepers Moved South T Faith and Order, the American Coun- HE leper colony which has been maintained for thirteen years on cil on Organic Union of Evangelical Protestants (otherwise known as the Penikese Island, in Buzzards' Bay, "Philadelphia Plan"), the World Al- Massachusetts, has been evacuated, liance for International Friendship and its thirteen members transferred through the Churches, the Universal to the newly established Federal Lep- Council of the Church of Christ and rosarium at Carville, Louisiana. One the Federal Council of the Churches additional sufferer was added to the of Christ in America. Discussion was thirteen at Bridgeport, Conn., and two open to the laity and clergy, and to at Richmond, Va. Better opportunity both men and women. for care, and possible cure will be 408 offered at Carville in revised experi- visitation, and the distribution of re- ments with chaulmugra oil. ligious literature.

Prof. George L. Robinson, of Mc- School of Religious Education Cormick Seminary, is President and ACOMMUNITY School of Re- Rev. G. W. Flack is the new Secre- ligious Education has been organ- tary, who takes the place of Dr. Jesse ized in New Bedford, Mass., and W. Brooks, who died July 21, 1920.

opened with an enrolment of 210.

Nineteen denominations are repre- Hindu Missionary in California sented and some citizens are enrolled T HEODORE FIELDBRAVE is a who are not on the membership of young Hindu minister working any church. The first term is the under the American Baptist Home beginning of a three years' course, Mission Society, among his countrydesigned to meet the standards of the men in the Imperial Valley, California. International Sunday School Associa- He visits them at the ranches, intertion, but there is every encouragement prets their contracts and leases and for attendance without regard to pleads the square deal for them on all working for a certificate. The man- occasions. His work is chiefly peragement of the school is in the hands sonal, but when he preaches the Hinof a small committee of laymen, in- dus come and listen with respectful cluding the president and secretary of attention. the District Sunday-school Association, with one minister on the com- The two groups of East Indian mittee. laborers with whom young Fieldbrave is working are Mohammedans and Sikhs-the former aggressively anti- Loving His EneDlies Christian and always seeking an argu- A STRIKING witness to the power ment, but many have been touched by of the Gospel among Pima Indians the mis;rionary's unfailing kindness.

is shown in the life of Joseph Welling- The Sikhs have an imposing temple ton, a full-blooded Pima at work in Stockton, and another under con- among the Apaches of Arizona. Wi~h­ struction at Berkeley.

in the memory of Joseph's mother the Mr. Fieldbrave has vividly con- Pimas and Apaches were deadly trasted the four religions of India in enemies, and it is significant that one the following parable: who was formerly a hated foe is now A man has fallen into a deep, dry the bearer of "Good News." Joseph well, the sides of which are smooth is a graduate of the Government In- and perpendicular. Unaided there is dian School at Riverside, Cal., and of no possible way of escape. Along the Cook Bible School in Phoenix, comes Krishna, who says: "I am very Arizona. sorry for you. But really, sir, you should not be unhappy. There is no Chicago Tract Society such thing as a well or ground or T HE thirty-first annual meeting of smooth sides. Indeed there is nothing the Chicago Tract Society was held . material; all is spiritual. You are January 17th. Reports showed re- mistaken, there is nothing wrong with ceipts of $47,602.18 during the year. you. I am sorry, but I can do noth- Special work has been carried on ing." among the Poles, Lithuanians, Rus- Then comes Buddha. "I am sorry sians, Greeks and Ukranians. Much for you, but I cannot help you. You was done to counteract the danger- must work to save yourself. Even if ous propaganda of radicals and revo- not in this life, you have the hope that lutionists. Thirty-two missionaries, in the next life you will be born into speaking thirty-eight languages, were a better and happier state."

at work. Their activities included Mohammed stops a moment.

public meetings, prayer groups, home "Well, I am very sorry for you. But

it is fate. You would not be in there ritual and rites; while just around the if it were not to be that way. I can- corner one can find the rankest not help you. If you are to be saved, heathenism, where religion is almost you will be; if not, you must die a word unknown to their vocabulary. there." The Peruvian wants American Christ comes. The blessed Saviour autos, American machinery, even reaches down His hand and raises the aeroplanes. But the Peruvian does man to the level ground, feeds, clothes, not want, apparently, to adopt Americares for him and saves him. He has can ideals. He wants all the fruits of a cure as well as compassion. our civilization without paying the price. Mr. Fie1dbrave received his degree of Master of Arts from the University There is a growing desire, however, of Pennsylvania. for Protestant institutions and mis- sionary schools are filled to capacity. COE HAYNE. Missionary News. LATIN AMERIOA Testimony of the President of Ohile Caleb and Joshua Society JUST before taking up the office of T HIS is the name of a Christian President of Chile in January, the Endeavor Society in Yucatan, Hon. Arturo Elessandri received a whose members are collecting a li- committee of Protestant missionaries who presented him with a copy of the brary. They have passed a resolution Bible. The Heraldo Cristiano of Santiago, reports him as making the to the effect that each member must following statement: prove his loyalty and devotion by "I am a Christian. I believe in the teachselling a Bible or a Testament to some ings of Christ. I drink water from the pure fountain, but not from the muddy swamps; one who knows not the Word of God. I accept the wholesome doctrines of the Bible, but I reiect the accretions of the Bible Day contributions from mis- Church of Rome.

sions in Mexico amounted to $450. "This book given me by you gentlemen shall not be separated from me; it shall be The offerings came from sixty-eight my guide. I shall know how to value it at its true worth, and should Congress conchurches, seven individuals, three firm my election, once I am in the presi- dential office I shall labor unceasingly for Christian Endeavor Societies and one genuine and complete liberty of conscience. I have taken notice of and hold in high Sunday-school, located in twenty-one esteem the cultural and moral work carried on by you Protestants throughout the redifferent states. The Sunday-school public, and if I become President, the doors of the palace shall always be open which made an offering is in Tam- to you that I may aid in any labors you undertake." pico and at their special service on EUROPE Bible Day the superintendent of the Foreign Mission Deputation school had arranged a large cartoon REPRESENTATIVES 0 f the showing the Bible as the light in a Church of Scotland and of the United Free Church are to be assolighthouse illuminating the whole ciated in a tour of investigation of their foreign missionary work, in orworld. Bible Society Record. der to make recommendations for determining future policies of recon- Oontrasts in Peru struction. The deputation first visit- ed Hungary, and then proceeded from PERU has all the extremes of life Trieste to Egypt, Palestine and Syria. and living conditions. One can Together with representatives of the sit on the seashore in the morning and by sundown of the same day be at an altitude of 16,000 feet above the sea, and behold fields of snow and ice in the still greater highlands. One can be in the fiat desert along the coast where it has never rained and never wiII, but inland is a country of almost daily rainfall. In the great cathedrals in Lima thousands of people worship daily, priests never cease to chant their nasal, monotonous words of religious

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

English and Irish Churches, and with Philharmonic Academy. The open- mission workers of all denominations ing session took place in the Wal- in the Near East, they took part in a densian Temple, the nave of which conference on missionary questions, resounded with Luther's hymn "A held in Jerusalem at Easter, and also Mighty Fortress is our God." conferred with the authorities regard- ing the foundation of a Scottish Among the more important resolu- Church and College in Jerusalem. tions adopted was one advocating the complete separation of church and Life of Faith. state, another proposing the unifica- tion of the educational interests of Al.aee-Lorraine Today Protestantism in Italy into one great university, a third urging the estab- THE Protestants of Alsace and Lor- lishment of a union weekly paper to raine number about 350,000 out of carry the point of view of Italian Protestantism into all Italy,~the presa population of two millions. In Al- ent denominational papers being pubsace, the proportion is about one Prot- lished as monthly bulletins in the estant to three Roman Catholics; in joint organ. Lorraine, the proportion is less. In Strasbourg Protestants and Roman Record of Christian Work. Catholics are about equally divided. The Reformed and Lutheran Churches Czecho-Slovak National Church in Alsace and Lorraine, while quite separate in their organization, are As FAR back as the middle of Seppractically one in doctrine, and are on tember last the enrolled memberthe fullest terms of sympathy with ship of the Czecho-Slovak National each other. The ministers of both Church had reached 360,000, headed Churches are trained in one theological by eighty priests. The average of adschool, and one hymn book is used by ditions is about a thousand a week. the two Churches. A United Confer- Entire villages have abandoned Rome, ence of both organizations meets regu- as in the old days of the German larly, though this conference has no Reformation. In some cases, on the executive authority. other hand, Romanists use the vil- lage church at certain hours, and Protestantism in Alsace and Lor- Nationalists at others. In Prague raine stands greatly in need of. help there are 25,000 who have broken from fellow-Protestants. A large away, and the mayor of the city gives number of Protestants of German them the use of St. Michael's Church. nationality have left the provinces, The services here are far better ateither of their own accord or under tended than any Romanist service in administrative decree. Pastors of the city. Father Zahradnik, the lead- German birth have also vacated their er of the movement, is an author of pulpits, and it is no easy matter to widely used devotional books. The fill their places. Many Protestant government of Czecha-Slovakia has churches and school buildings in the consented to allow all editions of the neighborhood of the Vosges have been Scriptures to be imported into the badly damaged or entirely destroyed. country free of customs duties. TO' meet the present urgent need, wooden churches and schools are be- Record of Christian Work. ing used, and the mmlsters are bravely doing what they can to sustain MOSLEM LANDS their people in difficult and discouraging circumstances. Bible Distribution in Palestine Evangelical Congress in Rome M R. ARCHIBALD FORDER, who has been developing the THE first National Congress of all work of Gospel distribution in the the Evangelical Churches of Italy Holy Land, writes that men are now at work in Jerusalem, Haifa, Nazahas been held in. Rome at the Royal reth, Jaffa and the hill country of

Ephraim. There is also a small book in the desert east of Damascus, at depot at Beersheba in charge of resi- Nohk, was continued during the entire dent missionaries. The work is period of the war by two blind teachlargely among Moslems in the Eph- ers, without missing a Sunday. raim villages, illiterate people for the most part and not many books can be A school with an enrolment of 110 sold, but opportunities for religious has been built up at Batrum without services are ample. The depot at the aid of a day school or a Protestant Beersheba will reach Gaza and Bed- community. ouin from the south. "Y" Adopted by Turks A Moslem resident of Haifa called the colporteur and asked: T HE Turks have taken up the Young Men's Christian Associa- "What books are you selling, let me tion, and members are now playing see?" He examined several books and football in the old court of the Janisbought them. Some days later he saries, and the square in front of St. asked for more books, telling the col- Sophia's in Constantinople is a Y. M. porteur, "If all Protestant books are C. A. playground, with the sanction like yours, I want to read them, for of the Turkish government. It has they are good; I never thought that all come about through a boy's camp, Christian books were like the ones established on the estate of a Turkish you sell." official on the banks of the Bosphorus, where Protestant, Catholic. Greek, Gentile colporteurs seem to be more Russian and Turkish boys were given successful with Jews than one of their outings in turn. own race. Colporteurs report opposition not so much from Jews or Mos- Talaat Pasha Assassinated lems, but from the Roman Catholics, who try to poison the minds of the T ALAAT PASHA, former Grand people against the books, and where Vizier of Turkey, and one of the they have the power they prohibit three leaders of the "Young Turk their people from buying literature. Movement" was assassinated in Ber- lin on March 15th, by an Armenian "Blessed Be Egypt." student, who was intent upon aveng- ing the massacres of his compatriots. Sunday-schools in the Near East Talaat's name was on the Allies' list of Turkish war criminals, and he had REV. GEORGE H. SCHERER of been living as a fugitive, first in Beirut recently made a survey of Switzerland and later in Germany. Sunday-school work in Syria and Palestine, and reported to the United Mr. Henry Morgenthau who had Missionary Conference at Beirut that extensive dealings with Talaat while no mission has been able to resume ambassador to Turkey and probably pre-war functions in a normal way, knew him better than any other Amerand several have as yet not been able ican, affirms that Talaat was reto open a Sunday-school. The sponsible for the Armenian outrages. World's Sunday School Association An unsuccessful attempt was made to has been invited to aid in meeting the assassinate him early in 1915. needs and Mr. Scherer is rendering valuable cooperation. Arabic Sunday- Nicomedia Church Dedicated school literature, prepared in Cairo, has been sent to Mr. Scherer and T HE dedication of the Armenian numerous books in English which Protestant Church of Nicomedia form the basis for a teachers' library. took place on Sunday, January 30th. A special grant of money to be used The self-denying enthusiasm of this for literature has been made by the congregation deserves every praise. World's Sunday School Association. During the dark days of 1915 they were nearly all deported. Being Prot- Here and there are bright spots that estants they were not sent far and are most encouraging. A little school

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

practically all returned, but having lost children, and great efforts are made most of their possessions. to teach the younger generation a The walls and roof of a new church skilled trade. Often members of a were practically completed when the criminal tribe apply for admission to war broke out. On their return they a settlement, as they can thereby seundertook to complete the basement cure a regular income. for school and church purposes, and will postpone further completion until SIAH AND LAOS financially in better condition. U. S. Gives Up Extraterritoriality INDIA EXTRATERRITORIAL privileges enjoyed by citizens of the United New Organization for Women States in Siam have been surrendered by terms of a protocol attached to a THE organization of a Christian new commercial and navigation treaty, Vomen's Association is reported ratified by the state department and from Madura, the object being: by the Siamese minister to the United States. The treaty grants full autono- 1. To enlist every Christian woman as a my to Siam in so far as the United personal witness and worker for Christ.

2. To make known the unsearchable riches of Christ to the women and chil- dren of India, and to try to win them to States is concerned. In general the faith and obedience. missionaries in the country (Ameri- 3. To seek, by any means in its power, can Presbyterian) have approved the social and spiritual uplift of Christian Siamese efforts to do away with extraand Hindu alike; and to render service to all in the spirit of Christ. territorial privileges, while American Three hundred and sixty women business interests until recently .have have signed active membership cards. preferred to have them continued. Dnyanodaya. France and Great Britain abolished Among the Crhninal Tribes their extraterritorial privileges several years ago, reserving, however, the CRIMINAL tribes of India differ privilege of having their judges sit so widely that an experienced po- with and advise Siamese judges III lice officer can usually say by what cases where citizens or subjects of tribe a certain crime has been com- those nations were concerned. mitted. Kaikadis are housebreakers, Ghantikors steal passengers' luggage Temperance in Siam on the railway, Haranshikaris steal "JOHN BARLEYCORN" is not grain from standing crops, while alone on the black list in Siam.

others pass false coin, and so on. Opium, Indian hemp, tobacco and the Under the Criminal Tribes Act, fruit of the betel tree are also included.

troublesome groups reported by the Not long ago the Christian Endeavor police are sent to a settlemept and Society of the Petchaburi School held made to live in a compound enclosed a temperance meeting which had been by barbed wire, the chief difference well advertised for several weeks in froin a jail being that whole families advance, and there was a full attend- are taken in. After a year or two, ance. The girls from the girls' school those who are well behaved are al- had made crocheted badges in red, lowed partial exemption. Settlers are white and blue-white for alcohol, free to take up any work at will out- opium and Indian hemp, red for betel- side the settlement, but must be in chewing, and blue for smoking-and their enclosure between 8 P. M. and these badges were pinned on the boys 6 A. M. There are now more than who signed. The lads were very 10,000 members of criminal tribes in proud to wear them, and each was the settlements of Bombay Presi- eager to have the right to wear at least dency. Some are managed by Chris- one color. A popular hymn sung dur- tian missions and others directly by ing the meeting was, "Have Courage, the government. My Boy, to Say 'No.' "

Education is compulsory for all . The Continent.

CHINA thing, entering in with zest. To this was added the diversion of walking The Canton Hospital Anniversary around the city wall-ten Ii (three and one-half miles) in forty-five minutes. T HE Canton Hospital, or as it is called in Chinese, the Pok Tsai Ye After a final communion service the Uen (Hospital of Diffusive Benevo- delegates and the four pastors in atlence), was founded in 1835 by the tendance left to take up their work foreign merchants of Canton in con- with new vigor. junction with missionaries of all Protestant denominations at work in South Newspaper PUblicity China. It has always been a union and interdenominational institution. AMISSIONARY in Nanking wrote During the first twenty years the Hos- an article on the use of the pital was housed in a building loaned Phonetic System, incidentally includby a Chinese merchant. ing a considerable amount of Chris- tian teaching, and sent it to a non- The first surgeon to the Canton Christian paper. The editor not only Hospital was Dr. Peter Parker, a accepted it but sent the article to other graduate of Yale University. He was papers, and eventually it appeared in succeeded by Dr. John G. Kerr, who some fifty periodicals. The matter for forty-five years developed the in- did not end there. One of the editors stitution and its associated activities. came to the missionary when in Ku- Modern medical science in all its ling and said, "I went to Nanking to phases was introduced into eastern see you, but hearing you were in Ku- Asia at the Canton Hospital, including ling, I came up the hill, because I want medical education, the training of hos- to know whether Christianity can pital assistants, the translation and really save China. I am anxious to publication of scientific medical text- know more about this Jesus whom books in the Chinese language. Dur- you say is the only hope of China." ing the past eighty-four years over The outcome was that the editor two million patients have been treated agreed to publish all the Christian in the Canton Hospitals and its dis- articles sent. pensaries. Chinese Analyze Aim of Missions In order to commemorate the eighty-fifth anniversary of the found- A SYMPOSIUM on "The Aim of ing of the Hospital, and to keep pace Christian Missions in China," pubwith rapidly changing conditions in lished in the Chinese Recorder for the Orient, the directors and staff hope December called forth the following to be able to erect new buildings more answers from Chinese Christian leadsuitably equipped to meet China's ers: present needs. "( 1)" To secure spiritual, educated J. OSCAR THOMPSON. and able missionaries; (2) to train native leaders up to the level of mis- School for Deacons and Elders sionaries in trust, position, authority, remuneration and responsibility; (3) AGOOD plan has been inaugurated to raise the moral character of all the in China. From January 5th to Christians in China, socializing their February 5th a class for deacons and thinking and activities; (4) to evanelders was held in Shantung, with a gelize the educated and influential full program for each day. Much people who are reshaping the thought hard work was spent upon church law life and determining the character of and procedure, the key messages of the Chinese nation." the Bible and the outstanding teachings of Jesus. Twice a day, in the "To develop an indigenous Chinese middle of the forenoon and of the Church … (1) By presenting to the afternoon, the school was given over Chinese people the real Gospel of to calisthenics-even the older men, Christ and not its Western traditions, who had never before heard of such a

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

ceremonies, or even creeds; (2) by in the streets, and even geisha were bringing the best type of Western employed to dance in the public roads, Christian leadership in close contact some of which were specially illumiwith the Chinese Church; (3) by nated. training strong and adequate Chinese leadership for the Chinese Church; Prepared for the Truth (4) by uniting all mission forces in common action to win China for MRS. F. S. CURTIS, a missionary Christ." of long experience in Japan and in Korea, relates how the way is open JAPAN for acceptance of the Gospel in the instance of a young Japanese girl who First Census Completed came one day to a Christian service in Korea. "You are a Christian, are you T HE Japanese Government has not?" said Mrs. Curtis, judging by her completed the taking of the first countenance. "Oh, no," she replied, census of Japan proper, Korea, For- "but I have just been waiting for the mosa and Saghalien. The total popu- gospel to be preached here." She had lation for Japan proper is given as heard in Sabbath-school in Japan, of a 55,%1,140, but for the whole empire, God in heaven who forgives sins, and embracing Korea, Formosa and. Sag- it had been her habit, when she feared halien, the population is given as 77.- she had done wrong, to ask forgive- 005,112 (smaller than was estimated). ness, after which she would find The distribution of the population is peace, and so the Sabbath-school imas follows: presses those who for many years hear nothing more. She became a very Japan proper ……………. . 55,961,140 earnest Christian, and started a Sab- Korea ………………….. . 17,284,207 bath-school herself. Formosa ………………… . 3,654,000 Saghalien ……………….. . 105,765 Total ………………. 77,005,112 Centenary Response in Japan Tokyo, the capital, was supposed to J APANESE Methodists have reapproach 3,000,000 in population, but sponded generously to the Centethe census shows only 2,173,162. The nary call. Their per capita giving is next largest city is Osaka, with a popu- proportionately greater than that of lation of 1,252,972, followed by Kobe,- the Church in America, averaging with 608,268; Kyoto, with 591,305; $5.12 per member per year for the Nagoya, with 429,990; while Yoko- three year period. At the same time, hama, which was always thought to there have been generous contribube larger than Kobe, has only 422,942. tions for local church needs, not in- Eight other cities have more than cluded in Centenary pledges. One 100,000. man who pledged 7,000 yen for the Centenary gave 8,000 yen toward a This first census was not easily local church building. The average achieved in a thoroughly modern way. pastor's salary is $30 a month, and Many were afraid to answer the ques- the highest does not exceed $1,500 a tions, looking on the affair as a new year. Instances of this kind answer kind of police inquisition. Many were doubters who aver that all Asiatic living under false names on account converts are "rice Christians." of feuds and there were husbands hiding from their wives. To arouse Y. W. C. A. Activities enthusiasm, and to urge everybody to fill in their census papers honestly ALTHOUGH the Young Women's (whatever items they had hitherto Christian Association has not been supplied to the police), the trams established in Japan more than twenty were decorated with appropriate mot- years, its constructive work shows fartoes, school children marched through reaching results. Largely through the town singing, speeches were made Association guidance, Japanese wom-

en are attacking emigration and hous- the following evidence of a church ing problems, and are taking on awake and at work: community responsibility. "When man becomes a recluse he is Twenty-nine student Associations, doomed!! Out with ye this night to the chiefly in connection with mission Prayer Meeting! More interesting by schools, are actively at work, and far than the falling snow is this Prayer most of them support, or assist in sup- Meeting to be!! Make the Prayer porting Sunday-schools. The YOltng Meeting a success this year beyond Women of Japan is the official organ our dreams! A successful Prayer of the Association, edited by Japa- Meeting is a sign of our spiritual life!

nese women. It includes Bible studies, The prayer-less heart is a sad cold one English page and life stories of heart indeed!! Come ye hesitant and Christian women. The Far East. faltering-the stove is red hot and the Pastor, his wife and mother are all Opposition Overcome waiting with warm hearts to welcome ARCHDEACON BATCHELOR, of you! !" Japan Mission News. Sapporo relates in the C. M. S. Gleaner that among the converts he The Church at Masanpo T baptized last year was a young man HE Christian Church in Masanpo, Japan's naval base in Korea, had whose father, an active Buddhist, be- gan to persecute his son. He threat- its beginning seventeen years ago when ened to disinherit him and turn him a Korean doctor yielded to his aged out of his house unless he recanted at mother's plea and accepted Christ.

once, and destroyed all his Christian A beautiful stone church, one of the books. As the young man refused, finest in all Korea, capable of seating further pressure was brought to bear almost 1,000 people, stands in a on him by the members of his family prominent site as a witness to his and the temple priests. After ten days . earnest and sacrificial effort.

the poor fellow was prevailed upon to In addition to Sunday services and tear up his Bible, Prayer Book. and regular Sunday-school in the morn- hymn book. When doing this he came ing, the church maintains several ex- upon a copy of the "Pilgrim's Prog- tension Sunday-schools in the after- ress," which had been lent to him by a noon. There are week night schools young doctor's assistant who was the "for girls and English night schools for means of his conversion. This not young men. A kindergarten is at- being his own book he dared not de- tended by one hundred children. Rev.

stroy it, but instead, sat down and Pak Chung Chan is the present pas- read it. While doing so a great fear tor, who made himself famous by a came over him, and he bitterly repent- brief address at the Tokyo Sunday ed the step he had taken. He rushed School Convention.

off to his friend with the book and Korea Mission Field.

spent the night with him, returning to AFRICA his home the next morning with a Changing Native Customs O new Bible and other books. He ex- NE hundred and fifty Negro Congregational c h u r c 11 e s in pected to meet with fresh opposition, but to his surprise nothing was said, America pledged the support of a and he has been left alone ever since. Mission station in West Africa, and He is deeply respected by all-the Rev. H. C. McDowell, a Negro pastor father and priests included. of Chattanooga, Tenn., was the first missionary to be appointed. Mr.

Prayer Meeting "Extra" McDowell sends an account of a na- DURING a snowstorm in Mae- tive Conference at a camp on the Ku- bashi last winter newsboys rushed kema River, following the annual through the streets calling an "Ex- meeting of the mission. There were tra." Those who bought a copy read 1.043 in attendance.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

The findings of the Conference show A native who has been ..vith the staff the power of Christianity to lift the over five years is in charge of native people. One of the most far-reaching nurses, one trained nurse always bewas with reference to the disposition ing assigned to work with a new puof a husband's house and goods at pil. All the minor surgical work is death. The custom of the land is that done by boy assistants, who do their house, goods, wife, children, every- own sterilizing and an<esthetizing. thing goes to the brother. The wife The older boys do much of the microbecomes another wife of the brother; scopic work. the children become virtual slaves. These Christians promised, in sight of The evangelistic work is in charge of God and in the presence of their a well trained catechist, and some of teachers, that at death, house and the boys always accompany the evangoods should be left to wife and chil- gelist on itineraries. dren, the brother receiving only a gift. This is a long step forward. They OBITUARY promised to tithe and to endeavor to support their teachers and evangelists, Dr. McLaughlin of Buenos Aires and also to send evangelists to faraway tribes. Many tithe who have REV. WILLIAM PATTERSON incomes of less than eight dollars per McLAUGHLIN, D.D., pastor of year. the First Methodist Episcopal Church in Buenos Aires, known in Argentina Other decisions reached by the Con- as "The American Church," died on ference were that it is perfectly proper February 18th. Dr. McLaughlin was to eat with one's mother-in-law, no born in Cincinnati, Ohio, August 27, ill feeling to be engendered thereby. 1849, and was a graduate of Ohio One who snuffs or smokes becomes in- "Wesleyan University and the Boston eligible to remain in good fellowship. University Theological School. Dr. McLaughlin sailed for South Amer- A man should not expect his wife ica in 1892, and served the American to do all the work in the :field and Church for a period of twenty-nine look after the children, besides get- years. He was indefatigable in buildting the firewood and cooking the food. ing the church into the heart and life of the capital, and in making it a The Churches and Relief fountain from which missionary effort has flowed through the years. OVER $3,000,000 has been given to This church has the largest Sunday- starving Chinese by American school in South America. churches, and they will continue to give as long as the need continues. Not Dr. Halsey of New York less than a million people living in the Near East today would have perished DR. ABRAM WOODRUFF HALhad it not been for the practical Chris- SEY, one of the Secretaries of tianity of America. the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions since 1899, died after a brief Since the outbreak of the wac the illness at his home in N ew York City American people have contributed to on April 20. Dr. Halsey was born in Armenian, Syrian and other relief in Elizabeth, New Jersey, March 22, the Near East more than $45,000,000, 1853. He graduated from Princeton and the money has come for the most College in 1879 and from Princeton part directly from the churches. Theological Seminary in 1882, and for the seventeen years following he was Native Hospital Workers at Luebo pastor of the Spring Street Presybte- rian Church in New York City. Dr. T HE policy of not doing what a Halsey was a member of the same class native can be taught to do has bet:n with Ex-President Wilson, and had followed by the hospital staff at Luebo, been president of his class ever since with gratifying results. With the ex- his graduation. He was also a Direcception of annual reports all records tor of Robert College, Constantinople. are in the hands of native assistants.

THE MISSJ[ONARY IJBAARY_ ' ~

• iA:FiJ ~ ow •0UiJii HAS oS Wii . O W . ; .

The New Jerusalem. By Gilbert K. Ches- land to the "new Jerusalem" as it IS terton. 8vo. 307 pp. $3.00 net. George developing under British rule. H. Doran Company, New York. 1921. Jerusalem and the Holy Land are Protestant' Missionary Directory for SIncdoittai,sh192M0.issiCoonmpIinleddusbtyrieJsamCesomInpganliys,, favorite themes for pilgrims, archre- Ltd., Ajmer, Rajputana, India. The twelfth edition of this useful ologists and Bible students, Perhaps the most unique of the volumes deal- dil'ectory lists 147 Protestant missioning with the subject are Mark ary agencies, with some 4,600 mission- Twain's "Innocents Abroad" and aries. No complete statistics for India Chesterton's "The New Jerusalem." are published, but this volume gives The former has the inevitable vein of the names and addresses of all sociehumor running through a very in- ties, stations and foreign missionary forming and readable travelogue; the workers. latter is a discursive narrative, full of paradoxes, Chestertonian humor and One noticeable thing is the lt1umber much useful information on many of Protestant societies at work in subjects. some stations. Ahmadabad has 14, Allahabad has 20, Bangalore 25, Bom- Mr. Chesterton is not only a drama- bay 35, Calcutta 48, Colomba 24, tist, a humorist and a master of para- Jabalpur 20, Lahore 30, Madras 40, dox, but he is a thinker and a religious Poona 20 and Travancore 15. The philosopher. In his recent visit to the largest missions are the C. M. S., the Holy Land he noted the transforma- American Methodist and the Ameritions being brought about by British can Presbyterian (North). The Saloccupation, and naturally philoso- vation Army has 3,116 workers in phizes on the medireval crusades, the India-an increase of 1,055 in the past former rulers, and the effect of the ten years. They have 346 stations and present e~ort to make Palestine a 587 outposts. Their day schools home for the Jews without injustice number 133, with 7,863 children and to their Gentile neighbors.

Any journey with Mr. Chesterton would be instructive and stimulating. their 57 social institutions report His present volume gives a clearer in- 10,562 inmates. sight into G. K. C.'s sanctum sanctorum than it does into the sacred The mission printing presses in places and associations of the Holy India number 33, conducted by 23 so- Land. There are numberless interest- cieties. It seems that some union ing dissertations on Bolshevism, so- might be effected here. There are cialism, the labor problem, the British listed 43 mission colleges and 100 inposition in Egypt (in which he sees a dustrial schools. A new form of misparadox), Moslems and Zionism, sion institution is the cooperative chivalry and the crusaders, Christian- society and bank. The first was started ity and criticism, mysticism and the ten years ago; now there are over 50. supernatural. This modern seer looks beyond the ruined, sordid and tawdry Pandita Ramabai's Mukti Mission externals to see the hidden meaning of reports eighteen workers and a total it all. The result is not a guide book, Christian community of 750 at not a history, not an interpretation of Kedgaon, Poona District. We do not Biblical associations, nor a travelogue, understand why the Arabian Mission is included with India, Burma and Ceylon, or why Madras Christian Col- but it is a volume of Mr. Chesterton's lege for Women is omitted. own observations, called forth by his The India Sunday School Union interesting pilgrimage from old Eng- reports 18,384 teachers and 505,144 418 pupils. There were 275,000,000 pages NEW BOOKS of vernacular Sunday-school literature published last year. After Forty Years: The Story of the First B. M. S. Embassy to the Congo. One of the notable changes since 25. 6d. Carey Press, London. 1920 the war is that there are no Basel, Leipsic or other German societies The Eduoation of Girls in China. By listed. Ida BeJle Lewis. 92 pp. Cloth, $1.60; paper, $1.20. Teachers' College, Colum- A Star in the East. Bv Rev. Edward N. bia University. New York City. 1919. Harris. IlIus. 12mo: 223 pp. $1.75. Fleming H. Revell Co. 1920. An Inquiry into Scientific Efficiency of Mission Hospitals in China. 40 pp. The Karens of Burma have a re- Medical Missionary Association, Peking. markable history. Their traditions seem to show that they came from the Chance and Change in China. By A. S. northwest across "a river of sand" and Roe. 283 pp. 12s. 6d. Heinemann. settled in Burma where they have been London. 1920. oppressed by the Burmese rulers. Their spiritual history is especially re- The Leper Problem in India. Confermarkable, for their religious traditions ence Report. 158 pp. Orissa Mission have kept alive a knowledge of God. Press. India. 1920. These traditions teach that God created heaven and earth, the sun, moon and Marvelous Mesopotamia. The World's stars; finally He created man from Wonderland. By Joseph T. Parfit. 259 the earth and woman from the side pp. 6s. net. Partridge, London. 1920. of man. They reveal the love of God, the gift of life, the fall of man The Rebuke of Islam. By W. H. T. through temptation to eat of the for- Gairdner. 248 pp. 3s. net. U. C. M. E. bidden fruit in the garden and the pen- London. 1920. alty of death because of sin. Their name for God is K'sah Y'wah, similar Persian Pie. By Bishop Linton and to the Hebrew "Yahve." These tra- others. 64 pp. 2s. Church Missionary ditions and the expectation of. a com- Society. London. 1921. ing Revealer of God prepared the way for the message of the Christian mis- Russia in the Shadows. By H. G. Wells. sionaries. 179 pp. $1.50 net. Doran & Co. New York. 1921. The Karens are generally mild, peaceable, truthful, affectionate and The Myth of the Jewish Menace in industrious. Their chief fault is World Affairs. By Luden Wolf. 53 drunkenness. pp. 50 cents. The Macmillan Co. New York. 1921. The Baptist missions in Burma were founded over one hundred years Immigration and the Future. By Frances ago by Dr. Adoniram Judson. The Kel1or. 275 pp. $2.00 net. George H. work met with remarkable success and Doran. New York. 1920. several early converts became powerful apostles to their people. A strong The Problem of Christian Unity. By Christian Church has been built up, Robert E. Speer and others. 127 pp. and the history of the wor~ is inter- $1.75. Macmillan Co. New York. estingly given by Mr. Harris, a Bap- 1921. tist mIssionary. He gives us a very clear idea of the needs and difficnlties A Greatheart of the South. John T. Anof pioneer work and the results of derson. By Gordon Poteat. 123 pp. faithful preaching. He closes with a $1.50 net. George Doran. New York. call for reinforcements. 1920.

'The Star in the East" is the har- The Vision We Forget. By P. Whitwell binger of dawn for Asia. Wilson. 8vo. 288 pp. $2.00. Fleming H. Revell. New York. 1921.

The Home With the Open Door. Mary Schauffler Platt. 16mo. 61 pp. $0.75. Student Volunteer Movement. 25 Madi- son Ave., New York. 1921.

James Stokes-Pioneer. 8vo. 235 pp. Association Press. 1921.

Laborers Together. Milrgaret M. Lack- ey. 126 pp. $1.00. Fleming H. Revell Company. 1921. MAKE PEOPLE MISSIONARY PERSONALS SEE MISSIONS MR. ROBERT P. WILDER, Secretary of the "IN-AS-MUCH" is the most strik- Student Volunteer Movement, has gone to ing and impressive thing that has been southeastern Europe to conduct evangelistic arranged for presenting Missions. It work among the students, beginning with is an episode with music and has an the last week of March and continuing unargument that 'cannot be successfully til June 1st. combated. It is easy to render, very little being required in the way of *** preparation. Requires about 30 minutes to present. MISS MARGARm' SLATTERY has returned from her world trip by way of France aud 15 cents the copy; $1.50 the dozen. England. Her general impression is that the world situation is a critical one, and re- "LOVEST THOU ME?" is a little affirms her conviction that the Gospel of different in treatment yet it is equally Christ is the only hope for all lands. as good and stresses Home and Foreign Missions. The songs are ex- MR. J. H. OLD*HA*M, *of London, outcellent and "plot" very interesting to work out. standing international leader in missionary work, has been visiting America to gain 20C each; $2.00 the dozen. first hand information in regard to Mis- sion Boards of the United States and Can- THE Don"t lose the value ada, in connection with the reorganization HEIDELBERG of the presentation of an International Missionary Committee. PRESS, of these charming numbers-and the * >I< >I< Publishers for growth of your Discriminators. BISHOP Y. HIRAIWA of the Japanese otferinJrs. Methodist Church has been spending sev- 15th and Race Sts., eral months in the United States, and has assisted in an extended evangelistic cam- Philadelphia, PI,l. paign among the Japanese of California.

!,.ei US link youI' old REV. EDWARD LI*NCO*LN* SMITH, D.D., has'

tt'easwt'ed Bible to a resigned from the office of Corresponding new substaniial e~r Secretary of the American Board, and ex- pects to return to Seattle. "thai" vvill hold faST -the *** sacred Pa8es consecra1ed by REV. J. H. RITSON, D.D., of the British the memory of hap'pY days. and Foreign Bible Society, recently made a three weeks' visit to Canada to attend con- The ad of rebind ina not on ty ferences of the Society in various centers of the Dominion. Bibles.bLlteeneral periodicals ·DR. W. E. BnWE*Rw*oLF* has conducted an S ou …. specialty.- Special L"ilthD~2.!!!! important evangelistic campaign among the students of Japan, particularly of the Im- Full Morocco – Rt!!al perial University. He plans to conduct a more extensive campaign during the year 6(Nll1;lI.. Goat skin with in Australia, China, Japan and Korea.

Ou r,G60o0ldd Le#erine s5.!!£ a *** craftsmanship has PROFESSOR EDWARD E. STEIXER, sociolo- gist and author of Grinnell College, Iowa, maanetism that will brin8 yo… ,.. is visiting the areas covered by the Ameri- can Friends' Relief Committee in Germany, complete binde~y orders.. Austria, Poland and Serbia, for the pur- pose of investigation and report.

REv. A. KAKUD*A, *wh*o is taking post- graduate work at Princeton Theological Seminary, was a Buddhist priest and comes from a line of priests extending back a thousand years.

* * >I< MR. WILLARD PRICE, former editor of the World Outlook, is now scenario editor of the International Church Film Corporation of New York City.

* * >I< WILLIAM, ALEXANDER, HENRY and THOMAS YUAN, sons of Yuan Shih Kai, first President of China, and Charles Yuan a grandson, are students at Middlebury, Vermont. The boys range from seven- teen to twelve years in age.

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THE HYMNS You LOVE A GREAT NEW

WITH THE:IR ORIGINAL WORDS AND MUSIC A NEW VOLUME NOW REA.!!! JUST PUBLISHED – Selected A New and Noteworthy Hymnal ~bri5tian ~rai5e Gospel Hymns Compiled by M. Woolsey Stryker. D.D.• L.H.D. rising 271 Choic9 Selections fl'"om ..A book /Jre,~enting the (!er/J CamP t.he FamoUs ultimate in Church. t76l.usic SJ!lKEY GOSPEL HYMNS MOODY &. 1 TO 6 COMPLETE These 560 selections o{ the noblest Church song, great in NOS. both melody and harmony, are a presentation, after long study fCCoOfomuNsepDawEctiN,thSaGnEdDosC?EoeDInHvJeT~mmlO.eednNnst and use. of w hat has enduring quality for public worship. N I to 6 If deSlf , An Organtidition in large type, alt~~ugh complete in itself. quarto, to be ready shortly.

The World's Best in PRICES i Full Cloth Covers of rich red, high. grade Call leather Gospel Song. back, green edges, round corners, .t $1,50 the single . 1 ld'dQ:TSocpricipQt'u rIenRd~exa.d. copy hy mail, or $150.00 the hundred, carriage extra. gl1l1l 2:;6 pages, m cI , Full deep blue Cloth, square corners, white edges, at $1.00 i the single copy, or $100,00 the hundred, carriage extra. ingll. Indelt, an This book in either binding, with Scripture Reading', will be 10 cents per copy Bddltional. single or in quantities.

, A returnable examination copy sent at the request of : anyone considering introduction.

Orders for less than 20 copies sent postpaid at the single THE BIGLOW & MAIN COMPANY, I copy rate. Transportation extra on quantity orders.

THE BIGLOW &. MAIN COMPANY PUBLISHERS ,56 FIFTH AVENUE DESK 5 NEW YORK 156 Filth Avenue New York THE KIND OF MISSIONARIES CHIXA KEEDS 'l'hree Chinese Christian leaders were talking with the Re,. George T. Scott, one of the Secretaries of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions. They were Mr. David Yuir Chinese Secretary of the Young }fen's Christian ~ssoeiation, Rev. Chang Ching Yi, Seeretary of the" China for Christ 11ovement" and :11'. Fong Sec, heau of the Commercial Press of Shanghai.

",Vhat kind of missionaries does China Heed ~" asked Mr. Scott. The three leaders thought a moment and then replied emphatically: "A missionary to China must han' a del?p convictioll on Christian f1lndarnentals. No foreigner canlcin 1IS to a bPlief in what he only half believes."

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Not the Ministering

Use Individual Cups if He Were Instituting the Sacrament Today?

His-the cho,cn age. HI" paid His Roman tax in l{olllan (uin ;Ind in all re- spects was obedient to human laws. Just so should the church {cad in obeying the laws of cleanliness by using sanitary. individual cups at the Communion Service.

A Conservator of Health :Iakc your communion sen'ice not alone an uplifting uf the spirit of your congre- gation but a real conserYator of the health of your people.

An Inexpensive Service The Sanitary COllllllunion Outfit Com- pany FOyide,; a ta,tetul amI inexpen,;iyc sen-ice; the Iloi,;eless. highly jJolished wooden trap for tIlE cup,; being in keep- ing with the church furniture. The Out- fit adds to the beiluty, ,;olenlllity amI re- ]lose of the Communion Sen'icc, :Iake your c01l1l11union sen'ice all lilat it should be: ,end for free booklet and catalogue (with quotations).

NOTE-In many States the law now for- Sanitary Communion Outfit Co. bids the use of the sin~le cup at the communion sf'rvice. It should not tw ne{,f'ssary 600 57th Street to await this in YOUTown localit~,. The old styir: is unclean and un!:'anitary. Many Rochester, N. Y.

thorOll1(hly £"ood Christian:) hayc refrained from partaking of communion for this very reason. If YOU have not yet adoDted thl' modern. sanitary communIon CUP. kt this be one of your first forward Hl'PS in rJ21.

Please mention TI1F. ).[Issrn:-;-}.RY REVIEW OF THE 'VORLD in writing to advertisers.

The Missionary Review of the World — May 1920

Oriental

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A spring and Summer Booklet, showing Linens, Lingerie. Men's Furnish- 5=== ings, Handkerchiefs and other articles for which McCutcheon's is known, sent -=5=- I upon request. ~ Write for Catalogue No. 20 I =_= James McCutcheon & Co_.=~ E Ri>g. TradQ Mark Fifth Avenue, 34th and 33d Sts., N. Y. 5 i i 11111111111111111111 II 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 ~ To Tokyo I want to go Eighth Convention World's Sunday School Association October 5-14, 1920 Inclusive Fares from $700. Three special steamers from Pacific Coast. Complete transportation arrangements. Accommodations in Japan assured. Extension tours in- clude Korea, China, Philippines and 'Round the World.

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World's Sunday School Association Metropolitan Tower, New York or to any office of Thomas Cook & Son THE MISSIONARY Review of the World DELAVAN 1.. PIERSON, Etliltlr.

CONTENTS FOR MAY, 1920 Page COVER ILLUSTRATION-"CoME OVER IN'tO ASIA AND HELP Us."

FRONTISPIECF.-LEADIlRS OJ! WORI,D WIDE SUNDAY SCHOOL WORK.

EDITORIAL COMMENT, •.•…..•………….•••…….•……….-…•…..• 321 TURKIlY IN TURMOIL CooPERAtION IN LA'tIN AMERICA CHRIstIAN EDUCAtION IN AMERICA WORK FOR tHE COMING GENERAtION T:a:E TOYKO CONVENTION WORLD WIDE SUNDAY SCHOOL WORK ……•….. By FRANK L. BROWN 331 A general survey with map and illustrations, showing the outstanding facts of evangelistic and educational work in mission /ields.

THE NECESSITY FOR CHRISTIAN EDUCATION , By NORMAN E. RICHARDSON 337 A clear and convincing statement of the value of Christian education in the social, political and religiolu life of a nation.

WORTH QUOTING …………••.•….•…•.•• SELEC'I'IONS }'ROM FAMOUS MEN 342 MISSIONARY TRAINING IN THE SUNDAY SCHOOL By GEORGE H. TRULL 343 Facts and incidents ill14strating the great possibilities for educating 'young people through the Bible Schools to take their share in the world's work.

SUNDAY SCHOOL WORK IN MANY LANDS Where the Drum Calls to Sunday School-Africa .. By JEAN MACKENZn; 349 Saving the Children of Moslem Lands ………… By StEPHEN TROWBRIDGE 353 The Sunday School and the Future of Japan …… By HORACE E. COLEMAN 359 The Work in Latin America …………………….. BY SAMUEL-D. PRICE 362 The Importance of Bible Study in China ………….. By OTto BRASKAMP 365 Sunday School Work in India …………………… By RICHARD BURGES 369 "Timothy Stand-by" on Sunday Skool Doins in Ameriky .. By JOSEPH CLARK 372 Sunday Schools on the Continent of Europe …….. By HENRY M. PHILCOX 377 MISSIONARY METHODS FOR SUNDAY SCHOOLS …. MRS. E. C. CRONK 379 WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN •••….. MISS FLQRllNCE E. QUJNUN 386 NEWS FROM MANY LANDS …………………………………..••…. 391 THE WORLD'S SUNDAY SCHOOL ASSOCIAtION ……………………………… X B:EST BOOKS FOR SUNDAY SCHOOL WORKIlRS ……………… ALLAN SutHERLAND iv How WE HELPED OUR MISSIONARY COMMI't'tEE ………….. By FRANK L. BROWN xviii TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cent!'. Single copies, 25 cents. Published Monthly. Copyrighted, 1920, by Missionary Review Publishing Compaity, Inc. All rights reserved. Entered as second class matter at the postoffice at Cooperstown, N. Y., under the Act of March 3, 1879.

THE llUSSIONAR Y REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, Inc.

Robert It. Speer, l'r…ldeut. Frank L. Brown, Vice-President. DeI.Tan L. Plerson. Secretail' Walter McDo~lJ Trealurer a5~~li~on office, Cooperstown'$2.50Y'; )'ear Editorial and BU~~~"Yor~~i';'S6 Fifth Avenue, • ltntered a• •econd-c1au matter at the Postoffice Cooperstown, New York. under the Act of loIarela 3, 1879.

Copyrighted, 1920 The Sunday-School Work outlined and detailed in this number of the MISSIONARY REVIEW has interested . you. Will you now make a contribution to "Carry On" to a still greater success? A gift of any amount will be appreciated and helpful.

Creating a Life Membership may appeal to you.. More than 100 have already been constituted. The one thousand dollars can be sent at once or in four annual payments.

Write lor Annuity Terms. Remember the Association in your will.

World-wide Sunday-School Work pays the largest dividends because invested in the character making of youth in every land. Make checks payable to ARTHUR M. HARRIS, Treasurer, and forward to WORLD'S SUNDAY SCHOOL ASSOCIA TION 216 Metropolitan Tower, New York City Please mention THB MISSIOIIARY REVIEW OF TH£ WORLD in writing- to advertilen

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SCHOOL WORKFRS* CliIJ· Recommended by Allan Sutherland 'II p9 h tnrrB SUNDAY SCHOOL MOVEMENT IN IiItpttrlmt1!t AMERICA, by M. C. Brown, cloth 12 mo. $1.00, F. H. Revell Co. I , Books u-nijonn in size and style HOW TO CONDUCT A SUNDAY Westminster Graded Guide Books (or SCHOOL, by Marion Lawrance, cloth 12 mo. $1.50, F. H. Revell Co. Sunday-School Workers THE SUNDAY SCHOOL AT WORK, Every One 'Written By An Expert by John T. Faris, cloth, 452 pages, $1.25 net, The Westminster Press. THE CRADLE ROLL DEPARTMENT By Elbabeth W. Sudlow HOW TO RUN A LITTLE SUNDAY Boards, 108 pages SCHOOL, by E. Morris Fergusson, cloth 12 mo. 75 cents, F. H. Revell Co. "It is not a book of theory. but give.. the reader a vivid insight into the real workings ot the Cradle THE CRADLE ROLL DEPARTMENT, Roll." by Elizabeth Sudlow, Boards, 108 pages, 50 cents, net, The Westminster Press. THE BEGINNERS DEPARTMENT THE PRIMARY DEPARTMENT, by By Louise M. Oglevee Bouds, 94 pages Phebe H. Curtis, Board&, 102 pages, 50 "We have not Boon any work on the Beginners cents, net, The Westmin&ter Press. Department wWch equais this. We heartily com- THE JUNIORS, HOW TO TEACH mendlt to all our workers in this department."-U. B. Publishing House. AND TRAIN THEM, by Maud Junkin Baldwin, Boards, 110 pages, 50 cents, THE PRIMARY DEPARTMENT net; The Westminster Press. By Phebe H. Curtis Boards, 102 pages PROBLEMS OF THE INTERME- DIATE AND SENIOR TEACHER, by "The 'Unfolding Personality' ot the cWld preSents Eugene C. Foster, Boards, 68 pages, 50 one 01 the most fasclnating studies in the world." cents, net; The Westminster Pres&. THE ADULT DEPARTMENT: ITS THE JUNIORS. SCOPE AND OPPORTUNITY, by How to Teach and Train Them Ida S. Blick, Boards, 92 pages, SO cents, net; The Westminster Press. By Mrs. Maud Junkin Baldwin Boards, 110 pages THE SUNDAY SCHOOL AND THE TEENS, by John L. Alexander, cloth "The supreme aid of the Sunday .chool is to de- 12 mo. Association Press. velop to the utmost the religious life at every pupil." GUIDING BOYS OVER FOOL HILI" by A. H. McKinney, D. D., cloth 12 mo. -Dr. B. S. Winchester. ' $1.25, F. H. Revell Co. TRAINING OF THE BOY, by W. A. THE INTERMEDIATE DEPARTMENT McKeever, cloth 12 mo. $1.50, Mac- millan Co. By Eugene C. Foster Boarm, 84 pages THE AMERICAN GIRL AND HER COMMUNITY, by Margaret Slattery, "The author of this book is a well-known Sunday- Boards 12 mo. $1.25, The Pilgrim Press. school expert, a. specialist in the realm of the big GIRLHOOD AND CHARACTER, by boy and girl."-Boptist World. Mary C. Moxcey, cloth 12 mo. $1.50, Woman's Press. PROBLEMS OF THE INTERMEDIATE TRAINING OF THE GIRL, by W. A. McKeever, cloth 12 mo. $1.50, Mac- AND SENIOR TEACHER millan Co. STORIES AND STORY TELLING IN By Eugene C. Foster Boards, 68 pages MORAL AND RELIGIOUS EDUCA- TION, by Edward Porter St. John, "Interesting and helpful discussion of such topic~ Boards, 100 pages, 75 cent&, net; The as home work. attention and attendance." -Chis.. Westminster Press. 'ian Endeavor World. TALKS TO SUNDAY SCHOOL TEACHERS, by Luther Allen Weigle, THE SENIOR BOY cloth 12mo. $1.25, G. H. Doran. By Eugene C. Foster THE SUNDAY SCHOOL TEACHER Boards. 57 pages AND THE PROGRAM OF JESUS, "The understanding of the senior boy himself is by J. S. Stowell and Geo. H. TruIl, the first oosential in helping him.. Eugene C. Foster understands the senior boy.t'-Christian Standard. cloth, 160 pages, 75 cents, net; The Westminster Press. THE ADULT DEPARTMENT. LEARNING TO TEACH FROM THE Ita Scope and Opportunity MASTER TEACHER, by John A. Marquis, D. D., cloth, 92 pages, 50 By IdD. S. Blick Boards, 92 pages cents net; The Westminster Press. DEVOTIONAL LIFE OF THE SUN- uTo write a book is now a. common task; to write DAY SCHOOL TEACHER, by J. R. Miller, D. D., cloth, 120 pages, 75 abook a book that fills a niche is all too uncommon. Such cent&, net; The Westminster Press. is this."-E. C. Foster.

THE HOME DEPARTMENT By Mrs. Minnie K. L. Karnell Boards, 96 pages ~~~~:roel~l1:S tfl£l:tal~!~~a~e:~~~f pra~U~~!~ .ented ha.Ving been tested out and proved practical." -Christian Standard.

50 cents each, postpaid The Presbyterian Board of Publication (Tho Westm.inster Pres.) PHILADELPHIA AND DEPOSITORIES (Continued on page VI) Please mention THE MISSIONARY RI!VIJlw oP 'l'B~ WOIILD in writina: to advertisers The Sacrament of the Lord's Supper gains in dignity, devotion, solemnity and impressiveness through the consciousness of its being served in cups that are absolutely sanitary, and free from the dangers that are associated with public drinking-cups.

The Holy Communion There is no time in the Christian's life when he comes into closer and more intimate relationship with the Divine than when he sits at the Lord's table. The Christian examines himself and looks forward to the sacrament of communion as a season of blessing. Why not apprcach its celebration with unalloyed joy; dis- carding all fears; thinking only of the wonderful privilege?

A Time of Reverence It is now generally recognized that the Sanitary individual cup increases the attendance because it removes all fear of uncleanliness, and promotes a deeper reverence in the communicant. The Sanitary Communion Outfit Company offer an improved and sat- isfactory outfit throughout, including the highly polished beautiful mahog- any tray here shown. This tray eliminates all noise, is lighter and more easily handled than others and is more in keeping with the furniture of the church than a tray of. any other material.

Make your communion service all that it should be; send for free booklet and catalogue (with quotations).

N DTE–In many States the law now forbids Sanitary Communion Outfit Co. the use of the single cup at the communion 600 57th Street tlri:i~. y~~/~~u~dl~~li~. nThs:aTct~t~~! Rochester, N. Y. unclean and unsanitary. Many thoroughly good Christians have refrained from partaking of communion for this very reason. Jf you have not yet adopted the modern, sanitary communion cup, let this be one of your first forward steps in 1920.

Please menti.on THJ£ MISSIONARY R~VlltW or 'tHIe WORLD in writing to advertisers LATEST SUNDAY SCHOOL j SCHOOL WORKERS "Tools" (Continuek from page Iv) for SUPERINTENDENT PLANS FOR SUNDAY SCHOOL PASTOR, TEACHER EVANGELISM, by Frank L. Brown, cloth 12 mo. $1.50, F. H. Revell Co.

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P1euc mention ha M,u,o…..r RlcVIlIW or TalC WOllU> in writing to advertiser. THE OLD METHOD OF T E TEACHING THE BIBLE OLD S NEW by texts, verses, chapters, etc., ljIo matter what it may have accomplished in T the past, has utterly failed in this age. A You can teach a parrot to quote Scripture but he won't know what he is talking M about. But do not blame the parrot, intelligent human beings cannot learn the E Bible that way. N ~ 'the greatest need of the average man and women is not a profounder grasp or better appreciation of individual texts and verses but a comprehensive grasp of the book as a whole, a Bird's-eye view of the historical sweep and meaning of the Canon as a whole.

AMOS R. WELLS, in the Christian Endeavor World, says: "The Wylie Way is a graphic mode of imparting knowledge of tha Bible. The system makes ingenious use of charts, maps and other devices, and certainly succeeds finely in clarifying Bible history and making it stick in the memory. We commend these helps to Sunday school teachers and all other Christian Workers. 'they will do what they claim to do, make the Word of God vital in a life."

Pastors who are not satisfied with their Prayer Meetings should try "'the Wylie Way," It is published in text-book form and also in correspondence courses by Publishing 122 East 25th St, Company New York City ~BOOKS WlTw)lll "EVERYDAY LIFE" BOOKS V ~~ PURPOSE INSPIRATIONAL, DEVOTIONAL Compact. handy. pocket edition volume•• printed on thin paper. boundlin art leather cloth. round cornered. INSPIRATIONAL. DEVOTIONAL books. with brief. daily scripture passages, an invigorating message for each day, and stimulating weekly comment-huilt around some central theme.

Building on Rock, HENRY KINGMAN Seeks to meet the demand of our day for reality in religion by studying what Jesus showed to be essential to a life built on eternal foundations. Arranged for daily reading and study during ten weeks. .90.

Marks of a World Christian, DANIEL JOHNSON FLEMING An analysis of "the mind which each Christian should bring to bear upon the world, .. in these days when we need to realize that we must be world Christians if Christians at all. Arranged for daily reading and study during nine weeks. .90.

Meaning of Prayer • .90lHarry Emer~on FOSDICK'S Meam·ng of Faith, Manhood of the Mas•ter•, "Everyday LIfe" book. which 1.10 con tI'nue t he·lr p h enomena I .~ appeal.

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MISSIONARY

EVIEW, VOL. MAY, [920 XLIII TURKEY IN TURMOIL W ESTERN ASIA, stretching from the Aegean Sea to the Caspian and from the Black Sea ,and the Caucasus Moun-· tains to the Persian Gulf, is in a state of unrest more alarm- . ing and disorganized than ever before during the last century. The Allies have been in Constantinople in force for more than a year, and officially took possession of the city recently, when the Marash atrocities against Armenians became known. Constanti- nople, however, does not control the interior of Turkey, since Mus- tapha Kemal Pasha, a revolutionist at the head of an army of Turks estimated at from twenty to one hundred thousand well armed men, holds the interior of Asia Minor and Anatolia. Mus- tapha was a member of the Union and Progress Party under Enver, and several members of that old party of ill repute are in the Cabinet at Constantinople.

In the meantime, Feisal, the son of Husein, King of the Hedjaz, has set himself up in Damascus· as King of the state or federation embracing Mesopotamia, ~rabia, Syria and Palestine, and he has warned the Allies there to evacuate the territory. The French have been fiercely attacked in Oilicia by Mustapha and his Nationalist forces reinforced by armed irregulars. Mter three weeks of fight- ing, the French were compelled to retire upon Aintab, where the buildings of Central Turkey Oollege were turned into a fort and put into readiness for a prolonged siege. In Marash and neighboring villages this attack upon the French was accompanied by fiendish atrocities committed upon the unarmed and helpless Armenians. Several thousands of these-just how many will probably never be known-were horribly murdered, including women and children. The American missionaries and relief workers remained with the remnant of the people after the French retired.

32ll

It is reported that Oorfa, a relief and mission station in Mesopotamia near the Baghdad Railway and recently occupied by the }~rench, has also been evacuated. The forces of Mustapha are now across the road that leads from Aintab to Aleppo. It :WaS upon this road a few miles out from Aintab that two American Relief workers, James Perry and Frank Johnson, were killed on February 2. Possibly they were mistaken for French officers,-;as the marauding bands who infest all Cilicia seem to have no contest with the Americans. The Turks are organized for guerrilla warfare, while the French have no aeroplane~ or wireless apparatus or even mounts for their men.

The interior of Anatolia and Asia Minor is in a state of ~ alarming unrest. The Turks have been arming themselves and the . Armenians are naturally in a state of terror. No Allied forces could reach those regions except after long delay.

In Transcaucasia, where are the three Republics, Georgia, Azberaijan and Armenia, disorder prevails. The Bolshevists are making a strong bid for the territory and they have a fair chance to win unless something decisive is done soon. The Tartars of Azerbaijan are hostile to the Armenians; having but recently begun attacks upon them. None of these Republics is armed and. equipped to resist successfully a concerted attack.

The Allies, exhausted by the war, are at their wits' end. The French backed by Lloyd-George and his advisers are determined to keep the Sultan at Constantinople, while others of the British, represented by Lord Bryce and Lord Robert Cecil, would send him into the interior. The Bolsheviks claim that Constantinople was promised to Russia and they are now ready to receive it. The Greeks say Constantinople belongs by right to them. England, France and Italy hold the city with the help of the machinery of the Turkish Government, but none of them could hold it alone without the consent of the others. Military occupation of the city will have about as much effect upon the pacification of the country as the military occupation of Portland, Maine, would have upon a riotous strike in San Francisco.

The French propose to withdraw their claim upon Cilicia'and Lesser Armenia and turn the entire area back to the Turks, thus again exposing the large non-Moslem population there-many of them returned Armenian exiles and orphans-to government by massacre. At the same time the French maintain that they must have Syria because they need its wealth of cotton, silk and wheat products.

The King-Crane Commission, which made a thorough investigation of conditions, reported last August to the Paris Supreme Coun- -oil that the Arabs, Syrians and Turks would never accept the French as a mandatory power. They made it .clea:r th.~t if :Franc~

EDITORIAL COMMENT

attempted to hold control of any part of that country she would have to win it by war. Events of the past two months demonstrate the accuracy of the conclusion of the Commission. The Turks are in a position to resist vigorously the occupation of the territory by France, Greece and Italy i and in Syria and Arabia will have the cooperation of the Arabs and the Syrians as well as of the Bedouins in Palestine.

Armenia, named in the Covenant of the League of Nations "the ward of civilization," lies prostrate and bleeding. The decision to leave the Turks in control shatters the hope of a united and protected Armenia in her ancestral home. The half million or more Armenian refugees now receiving aid from America through the Near East Relief, at the hands of some 500 American agents on the ground, will not be able to return to their homes in Turkish Armenia so long as it is under the control of the Turks, and the chances are that those who are now in the country will be compelled to flee to avoid annihilation.

If the United States had early ratified the Treaty and expressed her willingness to aid in peaceably solving the problem, these conditions might have been avoided. America has held for months the key to a situation which for its perplexing and downright peril has not been surpassed or hardly equaled by any other post-war question. The entire country is covered by American missionaries and American workers under the Near East Relief. These seem to be the only 'Ones who are caring for the affiicted and stricken peoples. Their presence inspires in the breast 'Of the discouraged a faint ray of hope that the Christian heart of America will not leave them to be absolutely and forever cut off from the land of the living. America cannot wash her hands of responsibility. What shall we say in that day when He that sitteth upon the throne shall say, !'Inasmuch as ye did it not unto them, ye did it not unto Me."

MISSIONARY COOPERATION IN LATIN AMERICA S OME OF the benefits of cooperative planning are seen in the work of the Committee on Cooperation in Latin America which was ,one outcome of the Panama Conference in 1916. At the time of that Conference, Latin America was little known as a mission field, and the thirty Protestant mission societies doing work there had never been united by considering any program for the evangelization of the Latin Americans. There was no union work in education, publication, hospitals or evangelism.

Only in Porto Rico, Cuba and Brazil had there been any attempt at division of territory. Even socially and commercially North and South, America were ;n;torf )Vi.~ely s,eparateQ. thaI) were America ,and Asia. ..

The Panama Conference and the Committee on Cooperation in Latin America have been influential in effecting a great change. Knowledge has increased, travel has become more common, commerce has grown and missionary forces have unitedly considered the best way to accomplish their common task in the twenty Latin American lands. The Committee has done its work through a central committee of which Robert E. Speer is Chairman and Samuel Guy Inman, Secretary, by correspondence and conferences and by printed literature and reports. The results include the better distribution of territory among cooperating Boards in Porto Rico, Cuba, Mexico, Peru, Bolivia, Chile, Argentina and Paraguay. Detailed studies have been made of each country to determine the best way to effect their more thorough evangelization. The program adopted includes the occupation of neglected fields, the establishment of union colleges, theological seminaries, magazines and presses and other cooperative work.

Among the achievements of the Committee last year were the following, as shown in the report of Secretary Inman: 1. The division of territolY. among the cooperating societies in Mexico.

2. A personal survey of the hitherto neglected fields of Haiti, Santo Domingo and the formation of a plan for occupying that island.

3. The launching of the monthly Christian Review in Spanish, entitled "La Nueva Democracia." Many articles have also been furnished to the press in North American and lantern slides have been prepared for public lectures.

4. A missionary survey of Latin America and the drawing up of a budget and proposals for a five year program. ..

5. Arranging for a regional Conference in Central America. Several small conferences have been held in New York to formulate programs for Argentine, Brazil, Uruguay, Chile, Venezuela and Cuba.

6. The employment of a Secretary of literature for Brazil, a Secre- tary of education and a Secretary of cooperation for Mexico.

7. The publication of a directory of missionaries, mission schools and literature in Latin America.

8. Preparation of a Spanish Sunday School Lesson Commentary.

Publication of temperance literature in Spanish. The opportunity for temperance work is increasing.

9. Beginning of Union Seminaries in Porto Rico and Brazil. The seminary in Porto Rico has twenty-three students.

10. Opening of a union bookshop in Santiago, Chile.

One of the important projects being promoted in Cuba by the Committee on Cooperation is a larger union Evangelical Church and Social Center to cost about $250,000. The need of such a center about which to rally evangelical Christian forces is seen in the growing commercial importance of Havana and the increasing English-speaking population. It is estimated that over 50,000 tourists come and go through Havana every year. Other agencies ~re establishing amusement centers of an undesirable character

EntTOlllAL

and there is need for a definite and thoroughly organized evangelical Christian work, especially for the young people.

Many will be surprised to know that there are already seven union missionary enterprises in Mexico. These include two secretaries for cooperation work, a union church, union seminary, union periodical, union printing press and union book store. Nine Boards are cooperating in these enterprises. Other cooperative work planned includes a union university, two union agricultural schools, a union hospital and a union trading school for women-all in Mexico. For Cuba, three union enterprises are in operation and four others are on the program. For Porto Rico three are established and another is proposed; for Santo Domingo and Haiti the entire work is planned on a union basis; in Panama the- college, training school and English Church are union institutions; in Chile there are four union forms of work and another is planned; Argentina has two in operation and another proposed; a union faculty has been approved for Uruguay; Brazil has a Union Theological Semiary and a University Federation, a secretary for union literary work and a union hospital with proposals for other forms of union work.

Thi"S program and achievement indicates real foresight, and marks encouraging progress in the past five years. The recent Central American Conference, held in Guatemala city in March, was unusually successful in bringing the workers into closer cooperation, in emphasis "On high standards of work and in outlining a program for effective work during the years ahead.

CHRISTIAN EDUCATION IN AMERICA A CCORDING to Dr. W. S. Athearn, Director of the Depart- ment of Religious Education of the Interchurch WorId Move- ment, there are 27,000,000 children of school age in the United States who are untouched by religious education. He suggests that a census of education be taken, patterned on the national census, to prepare for a more efficient program of Christian education. Even in secular schools a crisis is imminent because of the wholesale resignations of teachers (140,000 in 1919), in most cases because of the inadequate salaries paid. Since Ohristian education is the bulwark of America, it is especially important that Christian schools and colleges should be enabled to provide proper facilities to give a high grade education, under capable instructors.

The fact"S that demand the attention of those interested in the promotion of Christianity include the unreached millions; the inadequate funds supplied for Christian education; the number of immature and untrained teachers and officers now employed; the unsatisfactory curriculum material and the limited time given to

'religious teaching. It is important that Christians become ac. quainted with the facts" plan a pl'Ogram, supply funds, furnish good text books and train teachers to make it possible to give a Christian education to every child in America. This education must be promoted in the home as well as in the churches, and should be fostered and not undermined by the teaching given in the day schools of the land. A group of editors of religious journals recently pledged their support to a bill introduced into Congress providing for a Secretary of Education in the President's Cabinet, and for Federal appropriations to encourage states to promote education.

WORK FOR THE COMING GENERATION W HEN OUR Lord said: "Suffer little children to come unto Me and forbid them not," He laid the foundations for the SUllJday-school. 1;he nature of the training we give to the children· and youth of the present generation helps to determine the, character of the next. The saving and the education of children is the most effective form of missionary work. It is less costly than saving and training adults but to be effective it requires. expenditure, it calls for sacrifice.

Only God can measure the debt we owe to those who have founded and conducted Sunday-schools at home and abroad. They have given themselves, their time, their talent'S, their money without ,stint. They have helped to make up for some of the shortcomings of parents and of secular governments and school'S;, but their services have been very inadequately recognized. The Sunday-school workers have combated dishonesty, intemperance, immorality, ignorance, idleness and unloveliness in every form. They have cooperated with the best influences of the home, the school and the state to make intelligent, Christian citizens and loving servants of God and man in all walks of life. In America, the Sunday-schools have been bulwarks of civilization; in non-Christian lands they have been pioneers, and have won and educated the coming leadersl• They have not waited to re-form broken vessels, but have undertaken to mold the plastic clay. The Sunday-school is a soul-winning and world-saving organization that Christ has used to produce large and lasting results.

Today, there are estimated to be over 35,000,000 members of the Protestant Christian Sunday-schools throughout the world. About one-half of these are in North America, and one-third of them are in non-Christian lands or in mission territory. The International Sunday-'School Association promotes the work in North.A.nmrica, and th'e World's Sunday School Association unifiies and directs the work in other lands. The annual expenditure of the WorId's Asso-

19~] EDITORIAL COMMENT "327

. eiation., is less than $50,000, but with this small amount oj money, it directs 300,000 character-producing schools, trains workers and . supplies materials in Europe, Africa, Asia, Latin America and the . Pacific Islands. At least five times this amount of money is needed to care for this work. The articles in this number of the REVIEW show some of the wonderful work that is being done in various parts of the world. Fifty additional secretaries are required for the mission fields, and adequate Sunday-school literature should be prepared and published.

The achievements of the Sunday-school workers in mission lands since the last World's Convention in 1913 have been remark- able. For example, Brazil had then a membership of only 21,448 in: her Protestant Sunday-schools; now there are 60,000. In Panay, Philippine Islands, there were then 2,500 Sunday-school pupils; now there are 8,000. Field secretaries have been placed in South America, Egypt, Japan, Korea, Palestine and the Philippines. The "Surplus Material Department" has been established, and every year directs the sending of tons of valuable equipment from American Sunday-schools to the missionaries. In America, muoo of this material would have been discarded as useless; on the mission fields it is proving invaluable. The World's Sunday School Secretaries have also directed hundreds of teacher training clas~es, and the production or translation of scores of Sunday- school helps. .The whole aim of the Sunday-school is to lead the coming generation to know and to follow Jesus Christ. The Bible is the divinely inspired text book, and saints are the teachers and leaders. Active workers and thooo who supply the necessary funds have the honor of sharing in the planting, the watering and in the harvesting .with its abundant reward.

'THE PLANS FOR "THE TOKYO CONVENTION" WORLD'S Sunday School Convention, to be held in . . Tokyo in October of 1920, is a supreme challenge which comes at a strategic time in the world's history, From one to two thousand Christian delegates from many countries expect to go to Tokyo to emphasize the universal need of religious education and to show through addresses, exhibits, conferences, pageants and other demonstrations, the best tested methods for the building of per- sonal, home and national character through Bible teaching and personal work.

The question has been asked :-"Why go to the Orient and why to Tokyo?" The answer is simple. As the World's Sunday School Association exists only for service to the missionary Boards upon foreign fields, it will be strategic to hold the Convention at the gateway of the great mission field of the Far East, where nearly

300,000,000 children and youth are waiting the coming of the Gospel. The invitation to the Convention was issued in 1913 by the Christian forces of Japan when the late Mr. H. J. Heinz and a group of Sunday-school business men were visiting Japan in the interest of the extension of Sunday-school work. This invita- . tion was backed up by some leading Japanese who expressed Japan's need for religious education and their desire to be informed through the Association as to the methods used in Christian countries to promote character through the Sunday-schools.

Japan is preparing to receive 1,500 delegates during the period of the Convention. These will be cared for in European and Japanese hotels, missionary homes and possibly 700 in Japanese homes; To be entertained in Japanese homes will be a rare opportunity for visitors.

The Japanese Committee is thoroughly organized into a number of sub-committees and is erecting a hall near the Tokyo railway station and the Imperial Palace. This hall will have a dining room to care for 1000 and will cost approximately 150,000 yen ($75,000).

The Y. M. C. A. building will be given over to the Convention during the ten days of its sessions. The large auditorium of this building holding about 1500 people, will be used for stereop- ticon and motion picture exhibits of Sunday-school work the :morld around. Lectures are to be given continuously during the after- noons and in the evening. They will be attended chiefly by Jap- anese and students in the universities and high schools of Tokyo will be in attendance in relays. In this way it is hoped to visualize Christian work in all fields for the students and other Japanese of Tokyo. .

The gyinnasium and other rooms in the Y. M. C. A. will be given over to an educational Sunday-school exhibit of a high order and gathered from every field, showing the character and progress of the work of religious education including such special features as child welfare, temperance and religious art.

Through cooperation with the Japanese Committee reservations for the American and English delegates have been made on twelve Pacific steamers, which will sail at various times between July 30 to. September 23, from San Francisco, Seattle and Vancouver.

Three· of these steamers, the Siberia Maru, Suwa Maru, and Monteagle will have all of their space reserved for delegates.

From eleven to eighteen days of shipboard relationships under these conditions with a program varied daily, will be of itself a fellowship to be remembered. Addresses. will be given to preparo the delegates for the convention and to make the best impression upon the Japanese with whom they come into contact.

Wihile too early to give the numbers of the various delegations,

EDITORIAL CO~MENT

advices are in hand showing representation from Germany, Switzerland, Holland, England, Scotland, Wales, Uruguay, Brazil, Egypt, India, Philippines, Australia, South Africa, and China. Korea has applied for at least 250 reservations and one Japanese is opening his home to 17 Korean delegates.

The American delegation is gathered from all the States and includes many notable people. The Canadian Committee representing all missionary and denominational and interdenominational Sunday-schOool organizations asks reservations for 250, and Penn- sylvania has applied for over 100, John Wanamaker being among the number. The. program of the convention will cover ten days. The general theme will be "The Sunday School and World Progress." The daily themes are a development of this general theme and are progressive in their treatment. They are: The World Progress of the Sunday School. Jesus Christ' the World's Redeemer. The Bible-God's Revelation to the W orId. The Rights of the Child. The Sunday School and World Evangelism. The Sunday School and Education. The Sunday School and the Community. The Sunday School and National Life. The Sunday School and Christian Internationalism.

Both preceding and following the Convention IIlIi.ny tours are planned to include mission stations as well as other points of interest in Japan, Korea, China and the Philippines. A number of groups. of Sunday-school specialists will visit points of interest to address gatherings of business men, educators, civic leaders and Sunday-school workers. These men and women will present the plans and message of religious education to earnest inquirers. In these groups will be some of the world's strongest leaders in these fields, who will express the last word of Christian progress and through whose stirring presentation it is hoped Japan and the whole world shall be influenced for Christian education.

Post conventions of one day each will be held in such centers as Seoul, Peking, Nanking, Shanghai, Hongkong, Singapore, Cairo and Jerusalem. In these conventions, a pageant and special music will be presented by the students of the Christian schools at each center and speakers of international reputation will deliver addresses. Thus the Message of the Sunday-school will be carried around the world.

The Tokyo Convention should register the faith of the Christian Church in the Sunday-school as the place for right training of the. children and youth of the world for Christian service and world saving.

. 1,00 – – – – – – – WORLD SU1'lDMSCHOOLEmtOLMENT U,NITEo STA.TES 17. 715, ZI?4 NEGROES I, 67'i!., 881 CANADA&'LAB'DOR 1,540, Jl7 • BRITISH IS~S 9,000,.000 • EUROPE 2.:300,000 . l • MOSLEM LANDS 50,000 %.~L"ND .fNDlA&.BURMA. 1-'t0,009, 600,000 "CHltlA ZOO,OOO 1 • JAPAN & KOREA 310, 000 fiGURES HEA:oqy.AI~:rERS-N:EvI7YOlU'" • THE PHILIPPINES .ep,OOO .. ABM RIETRtISCHA~N He:1'DQ..UAEcrERS – LONDON ~LATIN AM£RlCA Z80,OOP ih.EACH Q;JUNTaY . BHOW THE MEMBEF.SHIP 'AFRICA .74:0,000 FORE1<3.N.SECRETAF<~S – ••.~T!:'ER "AND 5 1;000;000. oj l'B-OTESTAH'T SU1'IDAY SCHOOLS, ACCORDING CHINA. JAP.AN KORE;A -t'oLATE5T REPORTS 'EST~~ 35,458,22:1: PHILIPPINES INDIA EGYPT LATIN AMERICA A SUNDAY-SCHOOL PAGEANT IN MANILA-A CLOSED AND AN OPEN W orId Wide Sunday SchoolWork BY FRANK L. BROWN, NEW YORK Secretary of the World's Sunday School ASS<lciation T HIS IS the Sunday-school century. Leaders in Chu~h 'a~d State are turning for a solution of pressing riational and lnt~r­ national problems to religious education, and to the Sunday- school as the most important agency in religious education. ' We a,re beginning to realize that more time must be given to its e.ducational program, more money must be spent upon its equipment. – As .the agency which realizes ninety per cent of the Church's dividelllis 'in new members and workers, it must be given a higher rating, better financial support and a larger devotion on the part of the Church.

In the year 1000 the nominally Christian population of .the world was reckoned at 50,000,000; in the year 1500 it – was ~00,- 000,000; in 1800 there were 200,000,000, and in 1920 at l~a.st 600,- 000,000 nominal Christians in all branches of the Church.. At l.east part of this large increase in the last century can bE) a~tribute9 to the Sunday-school, which came into .special prominence w:ith the introduction of the Robert Raikes School in 1881 atGJoJloos;ter, Englanl. The Wesleys wrought the Sunday-school intotl).eirsys- tem with results that give the Methodists nearly one-third of .the Sunday-school membership in America. . ' ., In 1781 there were less than one hundred Christian missionaries in the world. Now there are over 23,000, most of them the pro9~cts of the Sunday-school. .. ,

In 1781 the Bible was translated into only forty-six dialects. Now it is found in over 500 dialects, including seven-tenths of human speech.

In 1781 four-nfths of the world was closed to missionary effort. Today the world is wide open.

The missionaries of the last century have always majored upon the Sunday-school as their surest method of entering the home, building up the Ohurch and winning a native leadership. Their methods have necessarily varied with the conditions upon the field, and with the growth of Ohristian education there. These variations run all the way from the children of the unorganized village Sunday-school, meeting under the open sky with the lesson taught by the aid of a picture scroll, to the school of the village or city church, the city mission school and the Sunday-school session of the Ohristian high school or college.

The estimate placed by the missionaries upon the church build· ing value of the Sunday-school was repeatedly evidenced by testimony in the Oontinuation Oommittee Oonferences conducted by Dr. John R. Mott in India, Ohina, Korea and Japan. As a result of these testimonies, Dr. Mott expressed himself as strongly favoring an increased emphasis upon the Sunday-school in foreign mission- any work. One leading Japanese missionary said to me: "We cannot hope to win more than one in ten thousand of the adult Japanese. We can do anything with children of the· Sunday-schools, and the door is wide open for these schools."

A Ohinese missionary said: "One million in the .Sunday-schools of Ohina will mean one million Ohristians ten years hence."

A Hindu said: HWe were not afraid of you so long as you were lopping off the old branches (through the conversion of adults), but when you began with the children in Sunday-school, then we saw that the axe was laid at the root of the tree; then we began to fear you." And India's 600,000 in the Sunday-school is a most hopeful promise for a Ohristian India, if that movement is greatly extended.

The Sunday-school in non-Ohristian lands and communities is vitally related to the successful progress of Ohristianity, as may be seen from the following facts: 1. The Sunday-school opens the way for the Gospel in places where otherwise it would be difficult to enter. The Southern Presbyterian Church in Korea specialized in opening village Sunday-schools where there had been no previous Ohristian work. The picture cards, the Gospel singing, the glad new story, brought large numbers of children, and through them the parents. Soon these children were learning the Beatitudes, the 23d Psalm and the Lord's Prayer.

In a Japanese village a crippled boy heard the Gospel for the .

WORLD WIDE SUNDAY SCHOOL WORK

first time, from an itinerating misssionary. He yielded himself to Christ, secured some Sunday-school lesson leaves from the missionary, opened and superintended a Sunday-school in that place, and went down the road to two other villages as yet unreached; opened Sunday-school on week nights and himself taught those people the Word.

The open air street Sunday-school in India always brings both children and parents as sympathetic listeners. The picture cards Bud the lesson scroll are fine adjuncts in impressing the truth.

In Cairo, Egypt, the children go from the mission Sundayschool to their homes, and it is the practice of each pupil to immediately gather a group of relatives and other children about him and repeat the lesson of the day.

The Sunday-schools of the Philippines are extending the Gospel to hundreds of out of the way places and are multiplying the Evang.el many fold. The Sunday-schools and day schools established by that splendid layman, Mr. Morris, in Buenos Aires, have recovered hundreds of boys and girls from the slums of .the city to become the industrial specialists of Argentina. Missionaries find that the Sunday-school kindergarten is frequently the beginning of the Church in new and different fields. Parents visit the school to see for themselves what it is that is so changing the conduct of their children at home.

2. The Sunday-school gives training in Christian service for Christian native students. All over the world the native Christian young people are eager for Sunday-school service as an expression of their love for Christ.

In the city of Hiroshima, Japan, I had presented the challenge of Sunday-school service to the students in the splendid Girl's School. At the close of the meeting some sixty of the girls gave their hearts to Christ and asked to become Sunday-school teachers, saying, "Where so much that is noble is being done in the world must we not have some part 7" These girls went .out by twos around Hiroshima to teach groups of Jap·anese children gathered in the room of some Japanese home. And every year in that school the graduating class of girls asks for this service in their last year of school life.

The young men in the Christian schools of Japan, China, Korea and the Philippines accept Sunday-school service as a legitimate and natural expression of their Christian lives. One such group of Christian high school boys at Pyeng Yang, Korea, had carried on a few weeks of meetings in the villages nearby during the Christmas holidays, and over 3000 were converted as a result.

The idealism of these young people of foreign lands responds to this fine challenge for service as Sunday-school teachers and Christian workers, and the Sunday-school as an institution in every

land affords them a place for training to become skilled workmen.

n is the custom of the missionaries to hold a meeting of these students in Christian schools to train them in method and material for the Sunday-school lesson teaching. These meetings are really institutes in the science of teaching.

3. The Sunday-school is the surest and best method of winning converts. This is true in America. With the subsidence of the first waves of adult interest in the presentation of the Gospel in such lands as Korea and India the work of world winning will depend more and more upon the Sunday-school.

The increasing purpose of governments in mission lands to' control primary education will work for the gradual abolition of the Christian primary mission day school. This is true in Korea and in time will be true in· Ohina.

The separation of Church and State in Europe and elsewhere will throw upon the Sunday-school the burden of the religious education and character formation of the young.

These conditions will greatly enha.nce the importance and opportunity of the Sunday-school as the agency of missions everywhere for the ingathering of the raw materials through the Sunday-school, for working up into finished Christian character through the life and work of the Sunday-school teacher and the further help of some secondary Christian school and later the Christian college.

In the special evangelistic services held by the Christian Church in Japan it was found that the converts in most instances were those who had received some instruction in the mission Sunday-schools of Japan. "A little child shall lead them." This is the open sesame to nearly any home in any land.

4. The character output of the Sunday-school has greatly impressed non-Christian leaders.

Baron Shibusawa in addressing a group of Chicago Christian business men said that he had sought in Japan for some method for the production of honesty and character. He discovered that the Christian Sunday-schools in Japan produced the character he sought. And Baron Shibusawa is now one of the financial backers of the Tokyo Convention.

A mother brought her two daughters to a Christian school in Japan saying, "I would like to enter my daughters and I wish you would put on their faces the same polish I see on the faces of the other girls in this schooL"

The Chinese Mercury of Shanghai, in an editorial on the day following the great Sunday-school demonstration, said: " Never have we seen in any Chinese gathering faces more eloquent of fine character, complete self-control, or greater benevolence. Young Shanghai is a type of Young Ohina) freed from many of the fetters

WIDE SUNDAY SCHOOL WORK 335·

of bldsupeJ:stitions j emancipated in the case of women from the , effects of milleniums of enforced ignorance and seclusion j bright; ; cneery, ' intellectual types which any country might well be proud .'

of j and which, if China is to be reinvigorated at all, may be trusted to perforin the task. If Sunday-school work growsiri China; as we hope to see it do, the days of crying wrong and uni~ all versaJ. ¢orruption, and of all grosser evils, are numbered. Towrorig '

in shapes, the Sunday-school spirit is an enemy, open, earn~stj . d e'terriiined; " '.

12,000 AT A SUNDAY SCHOOL RALLY IN TOKYO, JAPAN 5. The Sunday-school is indigenous to every land. The Sunday-school appeals to the child and the adult in every foreign :field. Through its lessons, its music, its exercises, its illustrative material, its organization and social touch, its reach into the weekday life, its resulting happiness of hfe, it is popular with all classes. There is no land where, rightly led , and demonstrated, it has failed to become the Mecca of childhood and the center of home and community reconstruction. In the city of Nagasaki, Japan, communities once unsafe hav~, by the confession of the police, become transformed by the establishment of Sunday-schools~ In the city of Rio de Janeiro, a hill district, the worst in the city, has needed no police since it Portuguese Christian young man organized a Sunday-school in that section. '

The popufarity of the Sunday-school has been demonstrated by such organized SundaY-f;lchool parades as have .occurred in

Tokyo where 12,000 Sunday-school scholars paraded in front of the grounds of the Emperor's palace; in Seoul where 16,000 were numbered in one Sunday-school demonstration in the grounds of the old palace; in Shanghai, where 10,000 Sunday-school students formed the remarkable gathering in that city to which the Chinese Mercury, quoted above, called attention; in Manila, where 5,000 Sunday-school members knelt under the open sky in the baseball park and dedicated themselves to better schools and bigger schools; in Rosario, Argentine, where 2,500 Protestant Sunday-school scholars sang the "Glory" song in the largest theatre of the city and then marched through the streets, astonishing the people by the size and orderliness of the gathering, to one of the plazas of the city.

The Sunday-school serves as a unifying force for Christian work in every land.

Developed through wise organization adequately backed financially by the Mission Boards and Christian layman so that it can supply a 'Sufficient number of trained leaders at strategic national centers, the Sunday-school movement promises to be the greatest force upon the mission field in the conversion of the people, the establishment o·f Christian homes, the transformation of communities, the creation of a Christian leadership and. the organizat.ion and strengthening of the Christian Church in these lands.

It can only fail in its great mission as the Church shall fail to rise to the vision of its possibilities and shall limit it by insufficient financial support.

WHEN WILL OUR TURN COME?

I hear the chi1d~en crying in the night- The little children: "God of stars and sun, We do not like the darkness; send down light, From where there is so much to where there's none: Fireflies and flowers we love, and all things bright, But in our hearts it's dark: Dear God, send light!

"A little Child, we've heard, Thou once didst send- Light to the heart of all the world to be; And so we think, dear God, Thou didst intend Some light for little children such as we.

For what a child can bring a child can take; Then give us light, dear God, for that Child's sake.

"And if it be there is no light to spare– Dear God, forgive if what we ask is wrong, We're only heathen children-is it fair That others should have all the light so long?

We would not wish that they should have our night, But when :will our turn come to have the light?" -Selected.

Necessity for ChristIan

The Sunday School's Responsibility for a World Community BY PROF. NORMAN E. RICHARDSON, EVANSTON, ILLINOIS Department of Religious Education, Northwestern University T HE PROPOSED League of Nations at best is but an instru- ment of the international mind. Any attempt to set up a world government without the prior consideration of a world community is abstract and visionary speculation. World government is but the creature of the massed intelligence and moral insight of the civilized world. Without the world community there 'Can be no world government.

. World democracy has no concrete meaning until the tides of public opinion have been able to create and sustain the moral ideals which are its only sure foundation. Not until a substantial majority or controlling area of humanity has committed itself to the law of goodwill, of mutual confidence, of service, is it safe to experiment with any political scheme that undertakes to embrace the world. The League of Nations would be prematurely born if there were no substantial spiritual leaders to foster and care for it. The real question is-can any world government be born at this time and live T Would it be the creature of a living, social organism? If it should be born would it grow up to maturity?

The creation of this living social organism, this vital spiritual entity, which we call world community, depends for its origin and continued existence upon five fundamental factors.

I. A bold, clear, concept of a world community, concrete and definite 'in outline, yet capable of infinite enrichment in detail, must be formulated. But such a concept has already been formulated by the inspired writers of the Bible. The Kingdom of God as -taught by Jesus was not restricted to any particular race or nation 'or class. In the story of Peter, the Jew and Cornelius, the Italian, we see this ideal actually bursting through the boundaries of. nationalism and including all those who fear God and live good lives. It contemplates a universal brotherhood, the bonds of which care peace and goodwill. It knows no lordship that does not rest 1Upon service. The humility and trustfulness of the little child :point to its conspicuous mark of greatness. It requires of its ·citizens an unrestricted spirit of neighborliness. It teaches that ;all should love one another.

The Kingdom of God contains all of the essentials of a democratic community. It points out the insecurity of a world unified through force or commercial ambition or ecclesiastical mar 337

chinery. It includes universal brotherhood, universal respect for the moral law, disarmament, love of liberty, fidelity in keeping moral obligations, international peace and universal justice. It is the verdict of history that the realization of a world community is absolutely dependent upon the ability and· the desire of substantial groups in every nation to hold and to understand this sublime concept.

II. This concept or ideal must be held vividly and uninterruptedly before the minds of succeeding generations. We believe;in the immortality of the Christian Church. Kingdoms and governments rise and fall but the Church remains. Christianity in s01ne organized form, will never cease to hold its precious heritage, its vision of the ideal social order embracing the entire human race. This vision may temporarily be clouded by the moral miasmas of the dark ages. Its ability to make headway against skepticism, agnosticism, materialism, naturalism, and infidelity may not always be apparent. But full credit should be given to what has actually been accomplished. After nineteen centuries of toil under the m()st disheartening handicaps, the teaching Church has never yet surrendered her ideal, her banner of universal goodwill has never yet touched the ground of compromise or surrender.

Let not anyone think that the inclusiveness of vision, the interracial confidence and goodwill, the sensitive appreciation of the integrity and the infallibility of international treaties, and other aspects of the present international mind are the product of forces that have their rise in a single generation. The comparatively recent happenings that have filled some minds with hope concerning the possibility of a world government in the immediate future can be traced to the influence of this ancient ideal. It WaS two thousand five-hundred years ago when the prophet Isaiah wrote: " • • " and He shall judge between the nations and will decide concerning many peoples; and they shall beat their swords into plowshares and their spears into pruning hooks, nation shall not lift up sword against nation neither shall they learn war any more." III. In order to overcome socially disintegrating forces, this concept of world community will have to make a direct and power.:- ful appeal to the altruistic and social instincts of humanity and receive the support of the massed consciences of the morally enlightened sections of the entire race. Eminent students of our past civilization have pointed out that it has been founded largely upon fQrce. The right to survive has been identified with the p~y~ical fitness to survive. Lust for power has been one of the strongest and most prevalent motives. The rights of the weak have been ignored by the strong. Whole areas of our much vaunted civilization have been permeated to the core by the pagan philosophy o~

THE NECESSITY FOR CHRISTIAN EDUCATION

force. For the past thousand years there has scarcely been a decade that has not witnessed war.

Slowly through the centuries the Christian ideal, which is the utter negation of pagan force, has been gently appealing to a different group of motives. The response to, this appeal has been made by an ever enlarging multitude. Germany, the finest flower of the philosophy of force, has been overthrown. With her crushing defeat all hope of building a world cOIllIl;lunity on force has perished. Distrust of the social order thus constituted has swept like wildfire through whole areas of international intelligence. Make all future wars impossible is the universal cry of an increasingly altruistic humanity.

Thus it is that snddenly all organizations and institutions which in any way stand responsible for these moral ideals, find themselves directly responsible for the building and the upholding of the new social order. Their attitude is no longer defensive, it is offensive. History proclaims that they have now the right to claim the field. The ruling ideas of the civilized world have at last come to be the ideas which the Sunday-school has been implanting in the minds and hearts of succeeding generations.

The Sunday-school occupies a foremost place in this group of institutions. It is now called upon to formulate and carry through successfully a program of education that will make it possible for the members of the entire human race to think together, to understand and respect each other, to have common standards of value. There can be no substantial social integration without moral homogeneity. A common international purpose, ideal and ambition can exist only as a result of common judgment with respect to right and wrong. An immoral world community is a contradiction of terms. A· platform of morality sustained and sanctioned by the Christian religion is the only one that is strong enough to bear the weight of a world community. The Sundayschool program of the teaching of Christian Bible truths must be extended into every part of America and Europe, and into every mission field.

Henceforth the governing motives of the social order cannot be commercial, political, military or racial. To combine selfish interests in a common selfish bond is to create the condition out of which social disaster is sure to come. The seeds of discord are planted where the method of integration is other than Christian. To create and foster a spirit of altruism not in America alone, but in every nation, is the immediate challenge of the present world situation to the Sunday-school. A world-wide educational crisis is arising. Political covenants, international in character, demand substantial international morality. There is imperative need of a new type of statesnian, publicist, financier, diplomat.

"When Llo.yd Geo.rge asked: ".Are we to lapse back into. the old world rivalries, animosities, and competitive armaments, or are we to. initiate the reign o.n earth o.f the Prince o.f Peace 7" he threw down a challenge to the Sunday-school. Rush orders on a gigantic scale are now being received fo.r these standards of value, for these loyalties, which center around the Kingdom of God idea. The Sunday-school is twenty-five years behind the Po.litical times. There is too little of morality in the world to. support those states- men who are thinking in terms of a world government. Only by the most heroic efforts, by the introduction of the most efficient educa- tional machinery, can the teaching Church meet this crisis success- fully.

IV. In order to become sufficiently dynamic, this ideal of world comm'lJlnity must receive the hearty sanetion and support of religion. The super-organization of society can have no secure basis which is not moral. The moral rejuvenation o.f the race has come to be a practical necessity. To bring the massed consciences of mankind into being and to sustain them so that they may functio.n through a Wo.rld government can be accomplished only by an appeal to. religio.n. The present generation is called upon to transcend the moral heroism of all former generations. The present challenge can never be met in a spirit of prudence, merely. The voice of the Crusader, "God wills it, God wills it," needs to be heard wherever the ideal o.f the Kingdom of God has gone. There is no. Po.wer other than religio.n which can break down the narrow . provincialism, the racial pride, the internatio.nal suspicion and distrust, that are still lurking in our <present Wo.rld community. .All the spiritual reso.urces that are available need to be used. Religion is the only leverage that is adequate. It can stimulate the moral imagination. Religion is the patriotism that sustains the ideals of a Fatherland of all fatherlands·. The Voice of authority which transcends all earthly voices needs to be heard. The need is that all people hear the thunderings of Sinai, and the gracious words of the Sermon o.n the Mount. Christianity is no.w known to be the only guarantee o.f permanent international goodwill.

It is because the Sunday-school is looked upon as being the SPo.nso.r fo.r the teaching o.f the Christian religio.n that its need is so. keenly felt in the present wo.rld crisis. This is the institution which is more and mo.re assuming the resPo.nsibility o.f the moral and religious training of all the people. It must now become in- creasingly busy in adding to. the moral resources' of the nations. It must train a generation of citizens who can carry a weightier moral responsibility than that carried by preceding generatio.ns. Hence- forth it must learn the art of mingling patriotism and religion. It must undergird the sense o.f civic responsibility and interest III political affairs with the supreme loyalty of all loyalties.

Christ's idea of social integration was not only religious,. it was social. He placed back of the highest social ideals the powerful sanction of God's will. He put the dynamic of religion into the social bonds of mankind. To permeate the present project of world brotherhood with the religious spirit is the present demand being made of the Sunday-school. Literally thousands of our boys and girls must now dedicate their lives to the task of malrlng international justice and goodwill dominant factors in the civilization of tomorrow.

Let those who lack confidence in the missionary movement of the twentieth century take into account the fact that after the Sunday-school has thrown around these ideals the sanction of the Christian religion, very soon their champions would reveal the spirit that is seen in missionaries, apostles, martyrs. Religion can produce crusaders. The Church school is now creating a movement for world brotherhood which in extent will far surpass the passionate pilgrimages to Jerusalem.

V. The need that the Kingdom of God receive the fullest moral SUpp01"t and religious sanction makes it necessary that it become an integral part of an educational system. This system must be world- wide in its scope and capable of molding the thoughts, hnpulses, sentiments,· and conduct of succeeding generations of children and youth. The need of a permanent educational institution is apparent. A consistent policy must be maintained from one generation to another. The teaching Church has became the permanent educational sponsor for this project.

The Bible, which is the great text book of the Sunday-school, is a veritable handbook on the subject of world community. It points out the evils of self-centered nationalism. Its call to breadth of racial sympathy is clear and strong. Its inspired writers were impatient with all forms of class hatred.

The contribution of the Church school to world community is direct, dynamic, continuous. It tends to substitute love for pity. It frowns upon racial pride and class hatred. To each succeeding generation it presents the great ideal of a new earth wherein dwelleth righteousness. The project of world brotherhood is presented by it as being sacred. It can enshrine the idea of world democracy with all the glory of the Kingdom of God. It can quicken the efforts toward this long deferred hope of the followers of Christ. It can turn into practical and immediate account the noblest aspirations and yearnings of Christian youth. It can undergird the e:£forts toward world brotherhood with the most dynamic of spiritual forces.

WORTH QUOTING SELECTED BY FRANK L. BROWN, NEW YORK What sculpture is to a block of marble, such is education to a human sou1.-Addison.

* * * The life of the teacher is the life of his teaching. The true test of a ddlizati*on *is n*ot the census, not the size of its cities, nor the crops, but in the kind of men the country turns out.- Ralph Waido Emerson.

*** The most important thing in a man's life is his. religion: and the time to enthrone religion in a life is during the years of childhood and youth.-William Jennings Bryan.

Great armies of freemen *may* m*ake the world safe for democ- racy; there are but two agencies that can make democracy safe for the world, and these two agencies are the Church and the schoo1.- Walter S. Athearn.

*** The Sunday-school pays larger dividends than any ·other invest- ment I make. It is doing more for character building and good citizenship with the coming generation than any other Christian agency-H. J. Heinz.

*** AI! the best training I ever had was in a Sunday-school. It is what has chiefly enabled me to do my work. The best university is the Sunday-school and it is by far the most excellent way of convey- ing religious instruction.-Lloyd George.

* * * We can preserve our liberties only by the religious education of our youth.-George Washington.

* * * Any individual or any institution that could take the Bible to every home in this country would be more for the country than all the armies from the beginning of our history to the present time. -Chief Justice Brewer.

The Sunday-school is the *wo*rld'*s greatest institution for popu- larizing the world's greatest book.-Wm. E. Gladstone.

* * * I challenge you to name any institution which has done as much for the greatness and welfare of our country as has the Sunday- school.-Hon. John W. Foster.

*** Instruvtion in things moral and spiritual is most necessary to the making of the highest type of citizenship.-Theodore Roosevelt.

* * * The Sunday-school has done more for good citizenship than all the laws on the statute books.-Marion Lawrance.

Training in the Sunday

BY REV. GEORGE H. TRULL, NEW YORK Secretary for Specific Work, Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions T HE SENSITIVENESS of children to good impressions and their ready response to enthusiastic leadership give charm to the work of the teacher of childhood. Enter the Elementary Department of your Sunday-school or any other department and before you are gathered bright, eager children, mischievous perhaps, "wrigglers" doubtless, but alert and quick to respond to truth presented on the plane of their interest and intelligence. In .their minds is no prejudice, no indifference, and little if any selfishness. They are open-minded, ready to listen to mission fact and story. Impression struggles to find expression in doing at once something for starving Armenians, the little widows of India, the fisher folk in Labrador or the Indians in their tepees,-according to the story they have heard.

Last Sunday a speaker told a New Jersey Sunday-school how a few days previously he had visited a home of culture and comfort, and while waiting to see the father of the family he conversed with the mother, daughter and son. He drew a striking contrast between this home and those of the "Pineys" in Jersey-the people who live in the pine belt between Camden and Atlantic City; where they have few roads, little contact with the outside world, where ignorance and immorality prevail and where there is a pressing home mission need. The message struck home.

The following Saturday I was talking with two Juniors from that Sunday-school who told me what they had done during the week to get funds for the "Pineys," the object of the Easter offering. The boy of ten had gathered 50 cents as thus itemized: His entire week's allowance ……………………………………….. .15 Chopping wood and mending a shovel for his grandmother……………. .05 Three errands for his mother ……………………………………………. 10 Share of selling old papers to the rag man………………………….. .05 Gift from his father …………………………………………… .05 Learning a question in the Shorter Catechism, (offered by his Sunday-school teacher) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .10 Total. …………………………………………………….. .50 The girl of twelve had gathered $1.85 during the week. Her father was not as genellous as the Sunday-school teacher in payment for learning the Shorter Catechism, as he promised her ten cents for memorizing seven answers a week. As she had studied it before, she had little difficulty in refreshing memory and earned thirty cents for memorizing twenty-one answers within the week. This was her record: 343

Learning Shorter Catechism…………………………………………. .30 Her entire week's allowance ……………………………………….. ..15 Helping mother (special) •…………………..•…………….•..•.•…• .10 Drinking bu.ttermilk (which she greatly disliked)· three times daily for the week ••…..•……………………………………………•..••…••10 Taking out her small brother for an hour and helping him to learn to ride his bicycle ……………………………………………………. .04 Cleaning the bath room …………………………………………… .01 Change given her from some school supplies ………………………… .04 Share of selling papers to the rag man ………………………………. .OS …– .'l9 To this she had added her semi-annual interest on a $50 Liberty Bond amounting to $1.06. The moment she received it, she asked her parents if she might not put it all into her mite box for the "Pineys." .

The consuming thought of both these Juniors was to put all the money they could earn or otherwise receive, into their boxes for their Easter offering. Spontaneously and cheerfully they are giving all of their weekly allowances and have no thought of. spend- ing a cent for candy, chewing gum or other delights of a Junior's heart until after Easter. Their enthusiasm, their generosity, their willingness to work, to do even distasteful things for the sake of the "cause" was refreshing to see. I could not but admire the abandon with which these Juniors had given themselves to the securing of funds by all legitimate means, and I was the mQre encouraged as I realized that these two children in their readiness to work, to save, to sacrifice and to give are but typical of normal childhood. It is the natural response to right impressions.

Confirming this is the following letter which came to my desk the past week from the Superintendent of a Primary Department of another Sunday-school.

"Enclosed you will find $5.00, the gift of the Primary Department of the Church.

"As our supplementary work in the class; I have been giving the children stories from the book "Mook." This has greatly interested !the children and last Sunday I told about "Ten Cent Sister" or babies pur- chased in China for ten cents, and they voted to send this offering for those babies. Can you find a baby to rescue with this money or will it pay for a baby already saved? This work has stimulated interest very much in missions. The children are planning to dress dolls during ithe summer and send them for next Christmas.

"The money here sent is really the cMldren/s offering brought in ad- dition to the regular gifts; part of it is birithday money (one cent for each year) and part is love money-money each child has earned by running errands, cleaning, helping with baby brothers and sisters, clean- ing off snow, getting up "shows", taking medicine, eltc. W'e have a class exercise for its presentation. So with this gift goes childish love and prayer."

A year ago, the Superintendent of a Sunday-school in a large city in Texas saw in his church paper a full page advertisement beginning:

MISSIONARY TRAINING IN THE SUNDAY SCHOOL 34S

Why Not Have Your Own Missionary Representative?

The idea gripped him. Why should not his Sunday-school have one T He spoke to his wife about it. He mentioned it to some of his officers and teachers. They met for prayer and decided to put the proposition before the Sunday-school. To that prayer service there came a young woman, one of the members of the Sunday-school since infancy, who said she desired to devote her life to missionary service. It was therefore _with peculiar tenderness and spiritual feeling that the Superintendent went before 11is school that morning to suggest that a forward step be takento raise $1250 for the support of a missionary they might claim as their own. Within ten minutes the entire amount was pledged, in sums ranging from one dollar to twenty-five dollars each, by one hundred and forty persons, who constituted themselves-"The Overseas Club." The year previous that Sunday-school had given $50 to foreign missions. They multiplied their gifts by twentyfive. This next year they have been asked to increase their pledge to $1,500 because of increased cost of missionary maintenance, and the superintendent has given aSSlUrance that this will readily be done.

Up in the mining regions of Pennsylvania there is a Sundayschool teacher in a small town, who for years has had the missionaryvision and passion. He and his wife would gladly be in foreign mission service today if the Lord had opened the way. This man is a splendid illustration of what can be done quietly, unassumingly, but by prayer and perseverance, to arouse an average, easy going Sunday-school to give sacrificially and enthusiastically to missions. The -school has 400 members, most of whom have very moderate incomes. It is a community of workers, and not of capitalists. This good man years ago began -praying for missions. He found, that $1250 was necessary to support a missionary, and so he set as his goal the raising of $750, three-fifths of the support, by special offerings at Christma-s and Easter. This was easily done. The next year this missionary leader was not satisfied with three-fifths of a missionary. He wanted his Sundayschool to have his entire maintenance. For several weeks therefore before Christmas the matter was presented to the school each Sunday and every class urged to do its best. It was hoped that in two offerings, at Christmas and Easter, $1250 might be secured.

I was present on Christmas Sunday and watched the classes as they brought in their gifts, each sending a representative to the platform who carried not a pledge but cash. The Beginners' Department brought in $32.20, the Primary Department $108.75, the Juniors $111.39, a total of $252.34. Different classes of the Intermediates brought in $24, $25, $82.50, etc. Then Senior and Adult Classes brought their gifts, the Home Department, and the_

officers, until $960.35 was deposited. on the tl:tble. Then individual gifts were brought in from friends outside the Sunday-school. When the grand total was made up, $1384;$5 had' been. given. Instead of requiring two special offerings in which to raise $1250t the one Christmas offering had more than provided the necessary amount. Many of the gifts represented real sacrifice. -r speak of only one. An Italian girl of fifteen in a desperately poor family, the eldest of seven, worked all summer picking berries and selling them to help support the family. He.r mother allowed her to keep two cents a week on· each quart of berries in order to buy for herself something she might want. This girl, instead of spending the money, brought it in each week for the class missionary fund. By Christmas she had brought more than any other girl in her class..

A Sunday-school in a little town of one thousand people in eastern Minnesota with only 154 members sent in last Christmas as its mission offering for Syria, $581. The year before they had sent $51. Note the more than ten fold increase in a single year. There is not a wealthy man or woman in the church or Sunday- school. They are wage earners and farmers.

These few illustrations prove that the potential for financial investment in missions by the Sunday-school teacher is little realized. The only requirements are a worthy object, enthusiastic Jeadership, consecrated effort and sacrificial giving. The reflex spiritual benefits are really very great in Sunday-schools doing something really big, something far and beyond what they have ever done or thought of doing for missions before. It is worth all it costs. Try it in your school by multiplying your gifts to Home and Foreign Missions by ten or by twenty-five, by fifty or by one hundred or more if need be. Make it big enough to challenge sacrifice. We must get away from penny and petty giving in the Sunday-school if we are ever to train our pupils to know the real joy of it, and if we are to produce future large investors in the enterprises of the Kingdom. Nor ca.n we rest content with a large total, unless every member of the school has done his part. That Sunday-school in Newark, N. J., which for years reported not only its gifts each Sunday but the number of contributors as well, laid the necessary stress on individual giving, The Sunday-school teacher is charged with a grave responsibility in training his pupils in giving. Not only should a pupil be taught to give because a I :worthy cause requires support, but much more because he needs the 'development of character which can alone result when giving is proportionate to ability, is cheerful, is regular and in recognition of stewardship, The Sunday-school must discharge this obligation of training or miss a God-given opportunity.

To cultivate intelligent, interested, sacrificial giving the pupils who, with others, give the money should have a voice in the selection

TRAINING IN THE SUNDAY

of the objects, and they should be in accordance with the natural interests of the pupils of various' ages. The' Inlssion Boards Wl,ll gladly furnish on application, a list of specific objects to which Sunday-schools may devote their offerings. '

THE GIFT OF LIFE Gifts of money are poor in comparison, however, with a richer < gift for which we must look to the Sunday-schools to supply. If our Lord's last command is to be fulfilled to go unto the uttermost parts of the earth with the Gospel, there must be an unfailing supply of messengers. The calls that are coming to the mission Boards from abroad are urgent, insistent, desperate. Missionaries are dying at their posts from overwork and disease. Such word as has come to one Mission Board from Siam and from Ohina is typical of conditions all over the world.

'''Our need is nothing short of desperate. Our work has grown large, far and far beyond our powers. We must have help. Without it we cannot hold the line. The calls of the sick are insistent calls. We dare not refuse to attempt to answer'them. But there is a limit to human endurance. Your two medical men in Chieng Mai have all but reached that limit."

"My work of teaching ithe nurses is fast growing beyond me-it has gotten too big for us to handle without at least one more foreign nurse in each hospital. Those in the work are all doing their best, but one only needs to be shown through the two busy institutions to realize the need. If only some nurses fitted for these places could look into the earnest faces of our students, their call would surely be effectuaL"

We have complacently thought it all right to send one family to a remote station, or to equip (Y) a hospital staff with one doctor and no nurse, with the nearest station 600 miles away. Meshed, Persia, is in a province as big as France, with a population of two million people, ~ a sacred city of a hundred thousand in the Maslem world, one of the most strategic centers in all Central Asia. A few months ago there were just two missionaries at this station, an evangelist, and a 'doctor. The other two missionaries had been furloughed home on account of illness. The evangelist was stricken with typhus and the doctor with typhoid. The former died while the latter was still in his delirium. When the doctor recovered, he was the sole missionary left in all that vast region. The nearest missionaries were 600 miles away. He had been attempting before his illness, to carry on medical work over this vast territory. Needless to say, when he went itinerating outside of the city, his hospital had to be closed. We must go to our Sunday-schools insistently with these needs.

We must sound the call for recruits and have our young people think of missionary service as one of the possible forms of life activity in which they might engage. Pastors, superintendents and teachers, the responsible leaders in the Sunday-schools must them-

selves see the vision of the "man of Macedonia" if their pupils are to do so.

There are churches by the score in the United States that in· all their history have never sent out a home or a foreign missionary from their ranks. They have conducted services and have doubt- Jess influenced through their contributions and prayers their local . communities and the regions beyond, but the conception of their church and Sunday-school as a center in which young people are to be trained for missionary service has never been seriously con- sidered. When pastors and Sunday-school teachers begin to regard the young people as potential missionaries or their supporters, we shall have a new objective in Sunday-school work. One church out on the Pacific Coast about ten years old has in a decade supplied seven nllssionaries. Two of the pastor's own children have vol- unteered. He himself was a student volunteer and when prevented from going abroad spent several years in Alaska as a home missionary. His children were born on the home mission field. His church is a training school for missionaries.

Where a Sunday-school has adopted the objective of produc- ing missionary volunteers, systematic missionary education in the different grades is a recognized part of the curriculum. If a school wishes to turn out lawyers, doctors, engineers, clergymen, it adapts its curriculum to the objective in view. A Sunday-school likewise, which determines to produce men and women trained for the extension of God's Kingdom on earth, both by engaging in it personally and by contributing to it by gifts and intercession, will map out its program of study and training accordingly. It will look for results very definitely. If they are not secured by the means employed the curriculum will be modified and the staff changed. It will be natural and normal to secure missionary de- cisions in that Sunday-school whose atmosphere is decidedly mis- sionary, created by the missionary passion of its leaders. Per- sonalities imbued with missionary zeal and fervor will communicate their enthusiasm to others.

Results will not be attained, however, apart from hard work, tact, and perseverance. Missions must be made attractive and natural through presentation of facts, in graphic story form. This should whet appetite for missionary magazines and books. Pictures, posters, charts, diagrams, maps, etc., will convey mis- sionary truths to the eye in a way that memory will tenaciously retain. Contact with men and women who have devoted themselves to missionary service at home and abroad will prove invaluable. Their messages and personality brought to bear upon the lives of the pupils will do much to inspire and summon them to a like consecration of their lives to service worth while.

A SUNDAY SCHOOL CLASS OF GIRLS LOOKS LIKE IN WEST

Where The Drum Calls to Sunday School BY JEAN K. MACKENZIE, NEW YORK The Author of "Black Sheep," "An African Trail," etc.

I am on a journey between Elat Station and Metet Station in the Presbyterian Mission, ,Vest Africa. My chairmen-for I am in a one–wheel hush chair-trot along in the late afternoon. We are to spend Sunday in a village beyond two more rivers. Suddenly six little girls fly about my path, their little grass bustles fluttering and their little chests heaving with the hurry of the adventure. And one of them is terribly in love with her granny. She is saying: "My grandmother never misses going to tIle meeting, and my grandmother takes me to the house of God. My grandmother is a person of the Tribe of God and my grandmother always goes to the collection Sunday. My grandmother takes me and that was my grandmother who saluted you at Minkok! She came out of her house to :<alute you, and that was my grandmother. Did you see my granrlll1other?"

On and on that darling little voice tells me about her grandmQther, "Mvam jam!" It seems that I cannot remember to have 349

been so saluted by a celebrity in Minkok. The thing is you don't always know them when you see them-these paragons. But never mind-you are sure to see them tomorrow in church.

"I believe that you will come to church tomorrow" I say to the six little winded girls, and my chair speeds up and they are left behind.

I hear the treble announcement of the little herald-"My g ran d- mother"-and there follows more that I do not hear.

But do not doubt it; that dis- tinguished company was in church the next day, along with. about eighty thousand other church-goers GOOD RAW MATERIAL. AFRICA in the forest and upon the beach of southern Kamerun. The dawn 'of the Sabbath was cracked on that morning by the drumming of the four hundred and fifty-nine drums at the four hundred and fifty-nine out-posts .0£ the Presbyterian Mission-to say nothing of the drums at the stations where the white people are. A drum- mer arose in that number of villages to announce, in the dusk of the morning, the day we celebrate. Ohristian people woke to that drumming, and put the thought of work away. Very early the dwellers in the remoter villages were on the paths of the forest that lead to those towns where there would be an evangelist. At nine by the evangelist's clock-for a really complete evangelist will have that wonderful equipment-the veil of silence that hangs about the forest of a morning is rent again, by the drumming that an- nounces Sunday-school. By this time the Ohristian people are pretty generally seated under the four hundred and fifty-nine roofs of leaf thatch that cover the houses of God in the forest, for it is not understood in our forest that you should go to church and not to Sunday-school. Grandmother-be sure of it-on that morning went to Sunday-school, hand in hand with her dear little publicity agent.

At the door of the church they separate and for the hour of the school sit, after their kind, in classes. Presently at the lesson period a great murmuring goes up under the. shadow of the roof tree and that is the people of the Tribe of God learning the Golden Text. It is most important that you learn the Golden Text, for what hetter have you to do in this world than to learn quite perfectly the Words of God that are for the healing of your tribef You are one of the ignorant ones of the forest, born in the days

WHERE THE DRUM CALLS TO SUNDAY SCHOOL

ONE HALF OF A CROWD OF 5745 BIBLE STUDENTS IN A WEST AFRICA MISSION of the former darkness when there were as yet no books from God nor reading of books. So you submit with patience to the discipline of this hour, fixing your friend and neighbor, who is your teacher on Sunday, with attentive eyes. You must take your good where you find it, if you cannot read.

There are fortunate ones who can Tead-they aTe different 1 They have the Book of God tied up in a bright handkerchief, and with it is a little book of songs. They do not hide this treasure under a bushel-rather they make some ostentation of it on their way to church. They sit in proud classes, mostly young, with much care of their persons and with the manner of accomplished people. Here and there among the seated groups of classes these grave and accomplished young bucks or young girls will be teaching. They read the beautiful words from a book, with the greatest ease. The fortunate ones 1 Many of their seniors, men and women, read from a book, but not with that singing ease. No, when you have learned to read after you are a "real person" you practice that wonderful art with effort. Still, there you are, reading the Words of God to your less fortunate neighbors, teaching them the little you know that is beyond their knowledge. You stumble in your reading as they stumble in their reciting, but together you are stumbling in the right direction. And there, teaching a class back of yours,

it; old Zarno, who cannot read at all. No, she cannot read, but the Spirit of God has shined in her heart. 'l'he sheep of her little flock, looking up to that wise old shepherdess, are fed. Her harrying old voice is driving them all one way upon the path that was made plain to Zamo hy supernatural illumination.

Tlwse moments of reassurance are much savored by a mission- ary. That is why a visit to Efulen Station, the senior station of the work in the forest, is so happy. I remember such an hour in the Sunday-school of Efulell clearing-a clearing that is now twenty- seven years old. I, W]IO had been at work there years before, was a guest on this day alld sat at ease under the shade of that church. There were seventeen ]nllldI'(~d people present. I could see the many teaChel"H Hhmdillg among the classes, their heautiful gestures in outline against the bright sky at the far opefl end of the church. Those gestUI'(eS, alld the address of many voices that made a noise of a running river under the brown thatch, were directed to the rank after rank of crowded brown bodies; this was Sunday-school. Presently I could name almost all those gesticulate outlines, they were old friends of mine. And near me two young women, whom I remember as little. school girls, were speaking so wisely about the things of God. They were the children of Christian mothers, and I had a moment of the sweetest reassurance.

There is great need of reastml'aIwe. All is not ideal in the forest. Too many people are coming who want to know the things of God. It is as if you stood OJl the hill near Elat Station and asked the tribes that live under the cloak of the Kamerun bush: "How many of you will follow Chris!?" And when you saw the bodies of one hundred alld thirty thousand rise to that question you begged them to return to the place from which they rose. "Cast lots," you might find it in your heart to say to them, "and let those upon whom the lot falls become people of the Tribe of God; for the white people in the forest are too few and the black people are too ignorant to deal 'with so .many to lead them out." Or you might say: ",Vait a while, we'e sent a messenger to the church of the white people b(lyOlld the sea, asking them to send five tens of white peO'ple and two white people more,~return to your houses and pray the Father that the hearts of the white Christians may be moved so to do."

But ahove your voice of douht or your voice of entreaty thNe is a Voice more clearly heard by the peoph· of the forest-saying: "Come mito me, aU ye!" They hear that Voice above all the four hundred and fifty drums on Sunday morning. They come to Sunday-school as if they had a date with a Pen;;onality more compelling than that of their humhle and ignorant teacher. They wait there as if for the consummatioll of a eOlltJ'net hy the party of the second part. Is it nothing to you that thry waiH

JERUSALEM WAITING FOR THE CHRISTIAN SUNDAY SCHOOL TO

Saving the Children of Moslem Lands BY STEPHEN VAN RENSSELAER TROWBRIDGE Sunday School General Secretary for Moslem Lands By 'l'HIRTJiJEN centuries of persistent effort Islam has es- tablished itself as the dominant faith in the Near East. Attached to every mosque is a lcttttab} an elementary day school whose avowed purpose is to train the boys of each generation in the knowledge and practice of the religion of Mohammed. A kuttab is"as thoroughly Moslem as a Sunday-school is Ohristian. Olasses are held every day and the teachings of Islam are even woven into the primers and copybooks of the smallest lads.

, In proportion as Islam has advanced, Ohristianity has retreated. The mosques in Oairo, Oonstantinople, Damascus and Baghdad outnumber the churches many fold, and any teacher who should attempt to start a Ohristian Sunday-school in Mecca or Medina would be put to death.

Yet as a result of the impact of western life many of the strongest Moslem ties are loosening. Most of the students in the Government schools in Oairo have abandoned the five essential daily prayers and the strictly enjoined ceremonial ablutions. In 353

privat'€ .many break the fast of Ramadan and they have ceased to spend their evenings chanting the Koran. The city temptations fascinate and grip them. In these moments they sorely need the strength of manhood and their defeat is pathetic beyond words.

Is this not the golden hour for making Ohrist known 1 And how shall He give these boys and girls victory over sin unless He is made personally known to them ~ The kuttab has failed and is no longer interesting. Shall the cinema, the racy novel and the political club be allowed to hold the field? Or shall the Ohristian dayschool, printing press and Sunday-school make a resolute and spiritfilled effort to reach the whole of this new generation with the good tidings of Ohrist's redeeming love ~ SUNDAY SCHOOL MEMBERSHIP The deportation of Armenians, the famine in Syria and other war conditions have seriously affected the enrolment of Sundayschools, and exact returns are not available from some of the fields. But the following census may be of value in securing a survey of Moslem lands: * S. S. enrolment: Morocco ………………………………………………… 158 Algiers ……………………. , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 620 Tunis …………………………………………………… 222 Tripoli (no Sunday-schools) Egypt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 22069 The Anglo-Egyptian Su.dan ………………………………. 1061 Palestine (estimated) ……………………………………. 800 Syria (estimated) ………………………………………… 3000 Arabia ………………………………………………….. 300 Turkey (estimated) ……………………………………… 14000 Persia .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4738 Malaysia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 547 Afghanistan (no Sunday·schools) Total …………………………… …………………. 47515 When we take into account that over 90% of the Egyptian members are of the Ooptic race, that practically the whole of the enrolment in Turkey is made up of Armenians and Greeks, that the Syrian schools recruit from the Ohristian communities and in Persia the scholars are chiefly Nestorians, we realize that we are still at the very threshold of the great task of winning Mohammedan childhood to Ohrist.

There are in the world today at least 60,000,000 boys and girls under fourteen, whose only knowledge of God is from the garbled tales and obscure declarations of Mohammed. Let me quote, as an illustration of the negative and hopelssly uninteresting idea of God, the following sentences from the Short Oreed by AI-Ghazzali, committed to memory by the children in the kuttabs: "We witness that He is not a substance and substances do not exist • Moslem pupils in India and China are not included in the above survey, as these countries are reported in separate articles.

SAVING THE CHILDREN OF MOSLEM LANDS

in Him; and He is not an accident and accidents do not exist in Him; nay He does not resemble an entity, and no entity resembles Him; noth- ing is like Him and He is not like anything; measure does not bound Him and boundaries do not contain Him-He does not exist in anything, just as nothing exists in Him: He has exalted Himself far therefrom that a place should contain Him, just as He has sanctified Himself far therefrom that time should limit Him. Nay, He was, before He had created Time and Place and He is now above that which He was above, and distinct from His creatures through His qualities. There is not in His essence His equal, nor in His equal His essence. He is far removed from change of state or of place. Events have no place in Him, and mishaps do not befall Him."

Does this not impel us to go at once among these pupils to let them hear the vivid parables and the rich interpretations of God from the lips of Jesus ChristY The early missionaries opened Sunday-schools in private houses and in practically every preaching place, so that ,the movement has been co-extensive with the native Church and in many cases has branched out in villages and cities where the Church is not yet established. But there has been scarcely any internal organization of departments and grades, and almost no federation between schools. Until 1919 there had been no national Sunday School Union in these lands. The thirteen local conferences held this past year in the provinces of Egypt prompted the Sunday School Committee of the Presbyterian Synod to invite teachers and officers from the schools under the British Missions to join in a conference at Minia. This resulted in the first general Sunday-school convention for Egypt.

In Syria, Palestine, Asia Minor and other fields there is not as yet any national organization. The WorId 's Sunday School Association proposes to locate secretaries at Constantinople, Algiers and Singapore. Capt. G. H. Scherer is appointed by an Intermission Committee as director of Sunday-school activities in Syria. In these lands where a number of missionary societies are at work side by side the Sunday-school is a common meeting ground. Even the Gregorian, Coptic and Orthodox Greek Churches are becoming stirred with a desire to share in the benefits of Bible study but there is, as might be expected, strong priestly opposition.

Although there are 894 teachers and officers in Egypt and the Sudan, the number of training classes is only twenty. Even these are of recent date, for sixteen of them have been started this year by Mr. M. S. Dewairy, the Field Secretary. In the other parts of the Moslem field, training classes and teachers' institutes are very few, and the idea of special preparation on the part of a school secretary or superintendent is entirely new. Generally speaking the day school teachers are asked by the pastor or the missionary to take the Sunday-school classes, with the result that the atmosphere and methods on Sunday are almost identical with the

m 'l'!;: day w(ll'L Till! tlee!, alld i II t illlate pCl';o;oual relationship hetween t eacher and scholar is lacking, and in the presentation of the lesson tiresome exhorta- tion too often takes the place of intelligent questioning and illus- tration. '1'he World's Sunday School Association, in active co- operation with the mission col- lege and theological school s, aims at bringing about a substantial advance in teaching efficiency.

All the Christian missions have felt the dearth of suitable literature in Arabic for teachers and pupils. TheWorId 's Sun- day School Association base at Cairo has therefore translated, SUNDAY SCHOOL OPPORTUNITIES 'published and circulated during Treasurer. President and Secretary of 'Boys' Sun – the past four years some excelday School class in Cairo. All th re e are . lent books and pa.mphle ts~ These [I"om Mosl em Homes have been issued in editions of from 1000 to 3000 copies and t wo editions are already sold out.

Many publications by the Nile Mission Press, 'Such as For- bush's Boys' Life of J esu, Zwemer's illustrated pamphlets, Miss Trotter's illustrated story-parables and "The Awakening of Bethlehem" have been widely circulated. Sunday-school articles have been contributed to mi ssion weeklies and monthlies in Cairo, Alexandria and Beirut. Circulation of books has been by sale through conferences, mail order s, colporteurs and book shops.

Only .the Golden Suggestions pamphlets have been given fr ee.

Our aim for the future is to produce original books in Arabic, Turkish and Persian. Even in the translations a free rendering has been given and illustrative material from these Moslem lands has been introduced.

There is intense and immediat e need for the creation of good literature in Arabic for children. Wretchedly illustrated novels of vice and crime, sold on the streets and in the city shops, are eagerly read. Boys and girls have nothing else offered them.

The great majority would r espond to better reading.

Special efforts have been made by the Field Secretary in Egypt to promote Decision Day services and the spirit of personal evangelism among teachers and scholars. Even young pupils have responded with earnestness, repeating the Sunday-school lesson to

groups in their homes or in the streets. Evangelistic sermons have been preached by Mr. Dewairy on all his journeys in Egypt and the Sudan. Dr. Sherwood Eddy's deeply spiritual address, "Temptation and How to Meet It," has been circulated in Arabic among thousands of Moslem hoys in the Government schools of Cairo, Tanta and Alexandria.

Throughout Armenia and most of the provinces of Asia Minor the Turks wrought havoc to Sunday-school buildings and property. It is impossible as yet to estimate the extent of these great losses. In cities like Uria, Van and Erzroom the class rooms have been completely demolished and every bit of equipment stolen. In other cities the woodwork has been torn out and sold by Kurds and Turks, so that floors, windows, ceilings, doors, blackboards and benches must be made anew.

MOSLE;M SUDANE;SE; noys J'N SUNDAY SCHOOL AT OMDURMAN In some places the relief work has created such friendly relations with Gregorian Armenians that former anti-Protestant prejudices have disappeared, and the Gregorians themselves have undertaken to organize Bible study classes. But the war and the deportations have made the hatred between Turks and Armenians stronger than ever. It is, humanly speaking, impossible to expect that the Turkish children will enter Armenian Sunday-schools. A constructive effort must be made by the missionaries to start schools especially for Kurds, Turks and Arabs.

The damage done in Palestine has been far less than in the north, yet the Turkish troops stabled their horses in the classrooms of St. Mary's school, .Jerusalem, and the Friends' Mission

in Ramalla had much furniture stolen and found its buildings in bad repair.

In the midst of the political unrest throughout the Near East there are hopeful facts which brighten the prospect for the future.

Dr. S. M. Zwemer's addresses in Cairo to boys and young men have drawn hundreds week after week to hear the call of Christ. A number of these have taken up systematic Bible study.

A Sunday-school has been started for the first time in the Gregorian Cathedral at Aintab, Turkey. The attendance is 600.

The Sunday-schools of Egypt and the Sudan contributed Christmas offerings in 1918 and 1919 for Armenian and Syrian relief, amounting to over $4,100.

The Laymen's Movement is steadily developing in Egypt, $4,500 being contributed in one year for new churches and Sunday-schools. This Movement is quickening the men of the churches spiritually.

Orders for all varieties of our Sunday-school publications in Arabic have been received from missionaries' in Central and Western China.

The British and American Missions in Syria have agreed upon a united Sunday-school effort, and they lay the chief stress upon work for the Druzes and Moslems.

Surely the gates of Mecca and Medina shall not much longer prevail against the entry of the Good Tidings of our Saviour. In these days when the Far East is being brought near to Christ, the Near East is beginning to discover that Islam leads far from the Truth of God, and that life eternal is to be found in Christ the Lord.

SUNDAY SCHOOL WORK IN SOUTH AFRICA The Union of South Africa and the five British Protectorates in the southern half of the continent cover an area of 1,300,000 square miles, and have a population of about 10,000,000 people. (This does not include the conquered German Colonies). This country is becoming more and more important on account of the opening of the Cape to Cairo Railway, and other large transportation systems. The European population in the Union of South Africa alone is nearly 1,500,000, the remainder of the popUlation being of colored or mixed races. As to the child population, it is estimated that there are about 300,000 European or white children of school age, of whom those in Sundayschools number less than one-half. The mission Sunday-schools report about 150,000 native pupils, leaving at least 5,000,000 African children untouched.

The majority of the schools. are feebly administered and comparatively ineffective, but they are important forces in the development of the corning generation of South African blacks. The forces of evil, drink, immorality and love of pleasure, are advancing rapidly and capture many of the young people. The Sunday-school work in South Africa is conducted under the management of the British section of the World's Sunday School Association, and needs to be developed and strengthened in all directions.

AT THE BEGINNING IN JAPAN-A MISSION

The Sunday School and the Future of Japan* H. E. COLEMAN, TOKYO, JAPAN Field Secreta ry of th e World's S unday School Association W HILE ON A Sunday-school lecturing trip to Kyushiu, last November, I 'had a visit with one man who had been in Japan twenty-seven years. He was taking a keen interest in our work and one night he said to me frankly, "I believe I have made a mistake. I have been here for over twenty-five years and we do not have even a very good church as the result."

This man had been the characteristic evangelistic missionary, and I should judge a very good one. He had one of the best small equipments that I have seen for such a work. There was no evidence, however, that the children had been thought of in building the church, for no part was suited to their needs. He said, "I believe if I had begun with the children, and if w~ had made an effort to hold them, we would have been today a stronger and more effectively working church."

This failure to provide for children is characteristic of many churches in Japan, but some workers have not yet seen the mistake. Our missionary methods have been such as were moulded in American theological seminaries, thirty to fifty years ago. Then there were no departments or professors taking up Sunday-school methods and the child was hardly thought of.

• Condensed from The Conttin en t.

359

The ohler people in Japan have been slow to come to meetings and hard to convince, and when tlley come it takes time before they are intelligent church worker:;. There is no foundation of religiom: reading, or church attendance, or giving, or social service (m which to build, as in this country. In fact we have breI! investing in burnt candles; for aftpr these Christians wpre functioning there was little of life's candle left. VY(~ saved a soul, hut how much bettpr it would ]](lY8 1)('en to save a soul plus a lifp, or in the above figurp, to invef't ill a calJ(lle that wasollly beginning to burn, so that its light might shine to hrighhm the way for mallY otherI'.

Thanh to mapy illflumICl'~ thc importance of the child to thl' church is now beginning to lw ulIdl'l'stood III Japan, and hOIYcy('r important the evallgelisiic work we rl'alize that we ean ][(wer lllab~ the nation Christian until w(, have lrd the children to Christ ami into livps of Christian sE~rviceo In fact ,ve haye found that the success of thp evangelistic effort dppeuds to a very large extent 011 the foulldational work of teachillg that has been done in the Sundayschool. They say, everyvherp, that the hest Christians in the churches are those who have been taught and trained in the Sundayschool.

Sunday-school work in .JaJlan is organized with fifty-two branches. Not all schools are yet affiliated with the Association, but before the world's convention meets in Tokyo we hOJle to organize 100 branches so as to illdude all parts of .Japan.

Do you know how Sunday-schools get started in .Japan? One way is for volunteer workers (student~) to go out from our Christian school~, rent a room or two in a .Japanese home, and call the children of tlw neighhorhood together. There they are taught Bible storim; and °truths, and learn to "ing Christian hymns so familiar to American children. One of such schools may come to be very successful, and tlw mis:;ion may decide to have an evangelist locate in the neighborhood, take over the Sunday-school, and begin in a little larger way the building of a church. In thi~ preaching place they will soon have two or three classes and then if it grows it will gradually develop into a church.

One fruitful branch of the local school's work has been Bible classes conducted for students, often in English. Two very fine young men from my classes are in Shantung, China, one as a Chinese postal clerk. Although a Japanese, he was appointed by the Chinese postal authorities as postmaster at Tsingtauo Besides these two, nve Christian young men from my classes are now in the foreign department of the Japanese imperial government.

Tokyo has a community training school for Sunday-school work-ers that has just finished its fifth term. We have also a standard teacher training course, and conduct training institutes two or three days in a place with six or seven lectures a day.

')20] THE SUNDiW SCHOOl, AND THE FUTURE OF JAPAN

In the town of Yoppaiiclii, which was notorious for its many had boys ami young lIH'll of criminal tendency, a Sunday-school was start(,d in the face of much opposition. Wlithin a few months the police tpstified that the spirit of the youth had changed, aIHl that now, Uti n retiult 0 [ the Christian influence, they have very little trouble.

rl'}w ;Jarmnese leadC'rs are realizing today the need for help in th" llormal training of the cllildren and youth. Dr. Sayeda, (,ditol' of the" Hoehi" (a aail)' paper} ill Tokyo, said: "With the <lmvllfall of materialistic civilizatioll and from our own experience in adoptillg only thc mat('J'ial side of ·Western civilization, we feel ]lOW, as Hever befon>, Hle necessity for emphasis on tho spiritual training of tIle young."

'1.'he great qU!;StiOll is, with what equipment shall we enter these open dool's¥ IVe have olily begun to touch the fwId, for the present RUllday-s(~h()ol Plll'o1mcllt in .Japan Hwans that we have ollly one in jou}' Jmndl'ed ill ChriHtiun Sunday-school,;.

*** MallY from America and Europe will become acquainted with Sunday-school work in Japan this autumn by personal contact at the rrokyo Convention. The missionaries have always given atten- tion to the teaching of the Bible, and have founded Sunday-schools ill connection with all their mission stations. There are today over 160,000 members of the Sunday-schools of Japan, alld a national Japan Sunday School Association was organized in 1914 under the direct influence of Mr. Frank L. Brown. .

Under the leadership of Mr. H. E. Coleman, representative of the World's Association, and of Mr. H. Kawasami, secretary of the national Japan Association, many up-to-date methods have been introduced into Japan. Graded Bible lessons covering twelve years is the standard set for themselves by the Japanese leaders. An interdenominationaliessoll committee of twenty-three is now at work preparing suitable courses for the different departments. Teacher training work has also been given much attention, and in addition to books from America that are translated and largely quoted ill religious publications, there are no less than thirty-five Sunday- school books printed in Japanese. Training schools for Sunday- school workers are held each year in the leading cities.

The coming of the ",Vorld's Convention is a goal toward which the Japan Association is working. They have set their aims as follows: (1) An increase in the average attendance in every Sunday-school of 25% by October, 1920. (2) All Sunday-schools (3) All Sunday-schools to strive to bring 1,000 schools up to the standards set for church schools. (4) All Sunday-schools to strive to try to organize at least 100 teacher-training departments.

S. D. PRICE.

Schools In Latin

BY REV. SAMUEL D. PRICE, D. D., NEW YORK Supt. Dept. of Utilizing Surplus Material, U. S. A.

I F THE Monroe Doctrine applies to the United States in things that are political, much more does the principle apply in matters that are religious. To no continent are we more obligated to take the teaching of Jesus Christ than to our southern neighbor.

In the religious training of Latin Americans through the Evangelical Sunday-schools COllstructive work has been going forward since 1916, when Rev. George P. Howard was appointed Sunday-school field secretary for South America, representing the World's Association, with his headquarters at Buenos .Aires. From t.here he visits all parts of Argentina, and has made frequent trips across the Andes to Chile, Bolivia and Peru, and northward into Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay. A reel of moving pictures has been prepared under the direction of Mr. Howard· and one of the pictures shows the Secretary in his office, which is well equipped with Sunday-school material, including a worker's library of standard books, maps, lantern slides, charts, kindergarten appliances, teacher training material and other helps to supply information and illustration.

In South America the problem of Sunday-school literature is somewhat complicated by the fact that Portuguese is the language of Brazil and Spanish of the other countries. The graded lessons are the standard but they must be re-written for the Latin American mind and for conditions that prevail in lands where Christmas comes in midsummer.

ARGENTINA AND GHILE The moving picture reel reveals many surprising facts, such as the membership of a Sunday-school marching into the Second Methodist Church of Buenos Aires. First come the beginnners then follow the older members of this school by dep:;trtments, until at the close of the procession corne a group of old men and women ~ho are regular attendants of the adult Bible class. Classes of young and old are shown while in the midst of their class room work. The sand table is in evidence with the delightful little tots watching eagerly, and in contrast we see the teacher training class of older ones getting ready to do efficient work in instruction and soul winning.

Constructive Christian work has been carried on in Chile, ranging from teacher training classes to great evangelistic meetings in which hnndreds have registered their decision to accept Jesus Christ 362 'Ill!! their personal Saviour. Many of these after careful examination have been received into church membership and classes have been formed for tlie thorough instruction of others to prepare them also for active membership. The work includes organized adult Bible classes, Father and Son banquets' and many other modern features'of Bible school work. A paragraph from Mr. Howard's 1917 report shows how: eager are many to adopt his sugges,tions. Speaking of the elementary department he said: "Six months ago there was not a single kindergarten department in any of the fifty Sunday-schools in Buenos Aires. Now there are four such classes using the Beginners' Graded Lessons, and the habit is spreading. One lady writes that her chil- s. S. TEACHER TRAINING Boo~~~clOUTH dren's favorite game is 'playing' Sunday- school, and that there is nothing they enjoy so much as going to Sunday-school now that their class room has been made so attractive with little chairs, blackboal1dand sand table. They are now coming to Sunday-school twenty minutes ahead of time, eager to get into their little class room, and it is not uncommon to find tllem bringing a little stranger-friend whom they wish to intro- duce to their fine class."

IN BRAZIL The very size of such a country as Brazil creates many limitations when Sunday-school work is attempted. There are populous centers such as Rio de Janeiro, Pernambuco, Sao Paulo and Bahia. Then there are vast stretches where one Sunday-school is removed a thousand miles from its nearest neighbor. There are many states in Brazil without an evangelical missionary and some with only one church or Sunday-school. The Sunday-school statistics rMd like a romance. At the World's Convention in Zurich in 1913 the membership was reported as 21,448. Soon the encouraging report came that a total of 27,000 and later 30,000 had been attained. An indication of the progress can be noted by the facts concerning their Sunday-school Rally Day which was held October 26, 1919. Here in the United States if the enrolment was 60,000 the Rally Day aim would probably be about 40,000. Very few would be bold enough to aim for 100%. Not so in Brazil. Their goal was 100,000 and the goal became only another mile stone. Figures have not been obtained for the entire country, but Rev. H. C. Tucker, Sunday-school Secretary for ,Brazil, esti-

Ilud.e" thaL [JIU lllLllllJ'1'1O will Ul'Ob,lhly rallg'p fl'''lll 1:J5,UUU 10 l..J-U,UOO. 'fhey believutl ill lJUlJli(Jil.y a" wpll a" pen-;()ual appeal. Oil tlw front of the Hio de J alleiro trolley cars large placards were placed stating that "Tomorrow is Go-to-Sunday-school Day" and every·· body was urged to attend.

An item of special interest comes from Rio de Janeiro in connection with Rally Day. On two occasions when rally meetings had been held one of the boys who had looked forward with great expectation to be present had the misfortune of being sick. He was not in a condition to walk or travel in the street cars but on the second occasion five or six of his chums, poor boys working for salaries of about $18 per month, agreed to hire a taxi and take this boy to the meeting. ·When this a11l10UncemBnt was made there was a great clapping of hands and calling for those boys to stand up. Mr. Tucker, who related the incident added, "Really the occasion was tense with enthusiasm." * The next W orId 's Convention may be held in Rio de Janeiro. The Sunday-school leaders in Brazil are seriously considering the question of extending a hearty invitation when the Sunday-school workers gather in Japan next fall. The date would normally be in 1924. An eight point standard was adopted for the Sunday-schools of Brazil in 1918. Many schools are gaining the entire eight points and receive a diploma with seals showing the goals attained. The points are: (1) Organization; (2) Cradle Roll; (3) Organized Class; (4) Normal Class; (5) Home Department; (6) Instruction in Missions and Personal Work; (7) Report every six months to Sunday-school Union; and (8) Annual Financial Contribution to the Union. On last Rally Day more than $3,000 were contributed for the work of the Brazil Sunday School Union. Some of the teacher training books that have been translated into Portuguese are used not only by Sunday-school teachers but are appreciated by many in private and public schools, and by pupils in the Government Normal Schools. The Sunday-school in Brazil has the opportunity of doing a great work along the line of helping to introduce modern pedagogical and psychological methods into the whole educational system of the country.

• For months the Sunday-school leaders in Brazil individually and the Brazll Sunday School Union as an organization have been appealing to the World's Sunday School ASSOCiation. urging that a full time, well equipped Sunday-school secretary be sent to them. This request has been emphasized by the personal entreaty of such men as Myron Clark, who Is in charge of the Y. M. C. A. work in Brazil and Mr. Domingo A. Olevelra, Superintendent of the largest Sunday-school in Rio and the leading boot and shoe manufacturer in Brazil. A cable was sent to Brazil in March stating that at last a maD had been found and that initial gifts bad been obtaIned to make possible the commissioning of Rev. Herbert S. K. Harris, a Presbyterian pastor in Elmira, for this speCial work.

A WOMAN'S BIBLE CLASS IN CHINA- NOTICE THE BOUND

Importance of Bible Study in China BY REV. OTTO BRASKAMP, TENG CHOW FU, SHANTUNG T HE SUNDAY-SCHOOL is one of the best methods for direct and effective evangelistic work, for wherever there is a well organized Sunday-school there is a strong evangelistic spirit. As a result of this work many strong church organizations have been developed. If it were not for the Sunday-school in China the churches would not he what they are today. Young and old, rich and poor, learned and unlearned come together for Bible study. Every phase of the work is carried on and developed in many directions. Much emphasis is laid on opportunities for Ber!ice and great stress has been placed on Bible study both in the 'inllividual churches and the group meetings with pastors, evangelists, and otlier workers to learn how to make the Bible class work of the churches more effective spiritually, The progress and influence of the standardizing of the Sundayschools is most satisfying. The spirit and interest is developing and spreading rapidly throughout Ohina. The teacher training and Sunday-school Institutes have been a great help in f)1rthering the movement. The long-hoped-for Research Laboratory of Religious Education has made a wonderful start and the 365

Chinese leaders have a worth while Normal Training Institution in Religious Education. lIhe doors are wide open for this type of work but where are the instructors f Rev. E. G. Tewksbury, the General Secretary for China and the only one for that vast country says: "Certainly among the many interests that claim attention, absolutely none has been in my own life more fundamental than this stress on 'personalized' evangelism. It has made over my own life and that of many of my associates."

If ever the Gospel in all it fulness and strength was needed by mankind, it is needed today. Some definite lines of Sunday- school work in China are: (1) The Week of Evangelism. (2) A Bible Reading Church, (a) Social service, (b) Personal Work. (3) "Christianity to Save China," movement. (4) Yunnan Mission Movement. (5) An adequate church program.

The work is growing in China. For example in Tengchowfu, Shantung, Snnday-school services for one church are held in six places owing to lack of room in the city church. It is estimated that about 1,000 study the Sunday-school lessons.

The primary department of this church is composed of out- side children, street waifs and day school pupils, with an average attendance of 300. The advanced department is composed of church members, students and non-Christians with an average attendance of 400. Two teacher training classes are held weekly for the study and explanation of the lesson. Regular Sunday- school services are held in four of the day schools which have been opened to reach the non-Christian women and children who live too far from the church. The average attendance in these schools is seventy-two with one hundred and fifty as the highest number present. Boarding school girls and women from the Bible Training School assist in teaching. Both graded and international lessons are used and have given splendid satisfaction.

In practically all the rural day schools, country chapels and churches, Sunday-schools are condu{lted either by the teacher, pastor, elder or evangelist. The Christians and inquirers also • attend and receive a great deal of benefit from the study and explanation of the lesson. The W~stminster and Graded Bible Lessons are used and Home Study Lessons are taught in some of the Christian homes, where there is no Sunday-school or day school.

One of the most interesting features of the Sunday-school work in China is the celebration of Christmas in churches and out- stations. At one station the pupils from six heathen schools came in a body with their teachers to attend the exercises. Two of these

IMPORTANCE OF BIBLE STUDY IN CHINA

teachers have since become inquirers. Two large Christmas trees 'were secured from the hillside and trilluned with paper flowers and fruits; the gateway and school room were decorated with pine branches. Suitable exercises were held all day long and about 200 people attended. At the close the children were each given a little handful of peanuts ana a persimmon. Sometimes a large box of dolls and toys comes from American friends and these we distribute among them. How much they appreciate them is shown by an extract from a letter written by one of the parents.

"1 have much pleasure in acknowledging your kind thought of sending my children the pretty little doll which I understand was sent by your good friends in America. It manifests that they possess the love of God, even sending presents to us over here, not mentioning the lives sacrificed. I wish you when writing to tender them. our very hearty thanks.

Often for Ohristmas entertainment the Sunday-school children give a play illustrating the spirit of giving of our' best to others. The methods of Ohristians in celebrating Ohristmas has a decided evangelistic effect and the attendance on the part of the heathen shows the increasing interest in Ohristian customs.

*** The progress of Sunday-school work in Ohina is shown by the following figures from all missions that conduct schools giving definite and regular Ohristian instruction.

All Societies: 1915 1916 1917 Schools ……………………. 3,025 3,637 4,301 Teachers ………………….. 7,355 11,021 12,416 Pupils …………………… 165,282 195,704 210,397 Two hundred thousand Sunday-school members in China are by no means a small force for righteousness, though they are in the midst of a people numbering over 400,000,000. These Bible Schools are rendering a great service in helping to produce Ohristian leaders for tomorrow.

The Ohina Sunday School Union is working in cooperation with the churches and the missionary agencies, as well as with other organizations seeking the spiritual welfare of the Ohinese. The Executive Oommittee of the Ohina Sunday School Union is chosen from among the missionaries and other Ohristian leaders, and the General Secretary, Rev. Elwood G. Tewksbury, is also the representative of the World's Sunday School Association.

Laying foundations has been the constant and consistent aim of the work in China. Numerous teacher training books have been translated into Ohinese. More than 1600 Ohinese leaders have already received teacher training certificates as an evidence that they have either attended training institutes conducted by the

Union, 01' lJayu pa ssed uxalllillatioll" III OIl,> ur more of the books of the teae]('I' train iIlg Sf' ri <'S.

'l'hat ilw UhiJl(',"p Uhlir-ell lllil)' becolIH' a Biblc I'cuuing Church, special attentiOlI has been givml hy thc Sunday-school leaders in China to a systf'lll of IJhonctic writi·ng. This will lUcan an opcn Bible for Sunday-school as wpll as for church folk and missions.

TEACHING THE NEW PHONETIC SCRIPT IN CHINA This new National Phonetic Script promises to be one· of the greatest blessings tl1at has come to China. Thousands of characters are needed in writing classic Chinese and hundreds are necessary for even very simple reading. With the new phonetic script only thirty-nine characters are necessary to represent the various sounds, and even an ignorant person can learn to read by means of the" phonetic" in three weeks. An educated person can master the new system in a few hours and typewriters with the script are now in use. I n a country where today only about 2% are able to read it can readily be seen what a tremendous value this new system will have in Christian education. 'rhe production of invaluable literature in both Chinese and English is having its effect. Sunday-school literature is now being issued in this script, such as the Chinese r['eachers' Quarterly and the China Sunday School Jounal. Practically the whole New Testament is out in this script, and a new day is dawning for China.

S. D. P.

AIR SUNDAY SCHOOl, CONDUCTED BY BOYS IN

Sunday School Work In India BY REV. RICIIIRD BURGES, JUBDUU'ORE, INDIA "IN General Secretary, India Sunday School Union OHDEH, to achieve somrtJLing dnrable among the heathen it is neccssary to teach Lhe young. My greatest joy is to work . among the children and the hope I derive from such work is very great." This was the testimony of Bartholomew Zeigenbalg, the first Protestant missionary to India. More than two centuries Jlave passed and g(merations of missionaries have come and gone. Five thousand arc in Imlia today and all of them require but a few months' experience on the field before they hold the same opinion as Zeigenbalg.

In the hundred years between Zeigenbalg and vVm. Carey there were no Sunday-schools in tbe modern sense in India. Nevcrtheless there 'was undoubtedly systematic and excellent re- ligious instruction, especially for the young. '1'he news of Robert Raikes' movement reached Carey, Marshman and "Vard in Ser- ampore, Bengal. William and Felix Oarey, sons of "William Carey the Great," and tbeir friend John JJ'ernandez, were at that 369

time on the threshold of young manhood. There seemed possibili- ties in Serampore. A work was planned and a plan was worked. Thirty Bengali children, with these three well-grown lads as teachers, constituted the first Sunday-school in India. This was in the month of July, 1803. In the self same year that Bonaparte unsuccessfully mobilized his f.orces at Boulogne to take England, these three lads successfully laid a plan to take India. In 1819 the first Sunday School Union in India was constituted, embracing Calcutta and the surrounding district.

With the missionary expansion of the reformed churches came the growth of Sunday-schools. But the growing movement was not unified until Dr. T. J. Scott, of the Methodist Episcopal Church, then Principal of the Theological Seminary, Bareilly, put time, money, energy, brain and heart into the cause. In the Decennial Missionary Conference of 1872 Dr. Scott urged the formation of a Union, on a national scale, for the consolidation and expansion of Sunday-school work. Dr. Scott's work was rewarded hy the formation of the India Sunday School Union and he was appointed the first Honorary General Secretary. This epoch- making event took place in the Baptist Church, Allahabad, in the . year 1876.

The India Sunday School Union embraces thirty-two Auxil- iaries. Their boundaries coincide, in the main, with the large Pro- vincial political areas of India and Malaysia. They are self- governing and depend largely, for their usefulness, on the per- Ronnel of their chief officers. This is not ideal, but facts must be faced. Inter-denominational committees, at their best, find it diffi- cult to hold together permanently and effectively. Conunittee mem- bers include generally overworked missionaries and the laity, fre- quently changing, and all serve in an honorary capacity. The ideal is to employ a whole-time paid secretary for each large auxiliary section who will rally, unite and coordinate the work and workers.

The International Bible Reading Association has for many years been promoted by the India Sunday School Union. The natural home of this Association is the Sunday-school, and its topic the International Lessons each week. By its means the home and the school are linked by a golden thread, and the personal habit of daily Bible study is formed and strengthened. The lists of readings are issued in 13 Indian languages besides English. The total registered membership is 17,400 in the ver- naculars and English, but probably 100,000 read the selected Bible portion daily. In the missionary educational institutes the Inter- national Bible Reading Association has a strong influence. As a matter of course the portion is read each morning at "opening prayers."

Figures are not the chief or the only proof of progress, but

SUNDAY SCHOOL WORK IN INDIA

they are worthy of consideration. Take 1881 as a starting point. In that year there was in India a Sunday-school membership of 65,728; by actual count there was in 1910 a membership of 565,717. That mean an actual increase in thirty years of 860%. Through- out the year 1910 one new Sunday-school was established every four hours and one new scholar enrolled every five minutes. There are many existing Sunday-schools which are not reported. Making allowance for those, I estimated that there are in the Sunday-schools . of India no less than 750,000 teachers and scholars.

In England there is a Sunday-school membership of about one to every seven of the whole population; in India it is about one in every 500. The membership varies in different parts of the empire for certain manifest reasons. For instance in north Ceylon there is one Sunday-school member to every 19 of the population; while in Central India it is one in every 3761. These numbers will hava a new meaning when it is remembered that each figure rep- resents a human soul, and that probably half the Sunday-school membership is non-Christian. While we congratulate ourselves on what has been done, we should be humiliated at the fact that three- quarters of a million is a small number of Sunday-school members out of about 133 million Indian children under 16 years of age.

The most valuable testimonies as to the usefulness of the India Sunday School Union come from the mission lands where it exists. As the Bible Societies are indispensable in providing printed copies of Holy Scripture, so these Unions are indispensable in promoting the study of the Bible. The India Sunday School Union seeks to call into activity the latent power of the indigenous Church, training and directing that voluntary service in the interests of evangelization through the child. Herein, admittedly, lies the ultimate solution of the most fundamental problem of all missionary endeavor; herein also lies the justification for the existence of the work here outlined.

Bishop Thoburn says: "The signs of the times, the lessons of the past, the indications of the future, the call of Providence, and the voices which come borne to us by every breeze, and from every nation under heaven, all alike bid us lay our plans upon a scale worthy of men who expect to conquer a world."

'" '" '" The Sunday-school is one of the greatest institutions of today.

As a school of religious instruction it is inestimable. As a civil institution it is priceless.-Daniel Webster.

*** What is taught in the Sunday-schools of today is the code of morals for tomorrow.-Woodrow Wilson.

* * '" Our army cannot- save the country, our navy cannot save the country, but our Sunday-schools, sown thick as school houses throughout the land, can save the country.-General Rutherford.

Stand-by on Sunday Skoal

in Ameriky* BY REV. JOSEPH CLARK, D. D., ALBANY, NEW YORK Superintendent of the N cw York State Sunday School Association Brush Pork March 25, 1920, My dear Bl'uther Laban: I've just got a notis that the "Vudd's Sunday Skool OOlIVeJl- tilmn is to meet in Tokyo, Japan, Jwxt October; and, if our oil-well mOHey keeps cnnmrin ill, yure cistern-in-law Marthy and yun' Bruther Timothy is a-planning to go. 'l'he wind's blowin from tJw , Vest this mornill and its a-wafting to my cars the soothing chug of the pump at the oil-well. I'm therefore reportin that tho oil- well's still a-runnin. Just now, Brush Fork is all ablaze with ex- citement about the program that the Kingdom of God haz just put on fer the downin of the devil. I reckon it took its kew from the wurld war. The big 'Var what waz kOl1cluded some two year ago sure did upset things, and now the Soljers of the Oross haz the job of settin the wurld rite agin. There's ollly one way fer to do it, and that is fer the churches and skoals to git together. The Alli(~s had to ,r;it together to win the war, and now the churches is follerin suit, and is gittin together to lick the devil. Vell, Laban, that's rite-smart of a job, but it sure is needed.

The wurld war did some good things; but it did plenty of bad ones. One of the best things it did wuz to put the lid on the saloon forever. Glory! But, Laban, it took the lid off a lot of volcanoes-labor volcanoes, Bolshevick volcan- oes, high-cost-of-livin volcanoes, and the like, and now they're spoutin forth their fumes in such awful fury that it looks like as if • Copyright applied for 1920 by Joseph Cla-rk.

One of the unique and well known characters in the Sunday-school world is "Timothy Stand-by, the Sunday-school 1ian," Dr. Joseph Clark, who writes under this name, was an editor who became a minister and then entered Sunday-school work. He founded the Colorado Association and was for some years State Secretary of the Ohio Association. He is now State Superintendent for New York and has recently completed a campaign for a $500,000 fund for Sunday-school work. He is a well-known speaker at conventions and his "Timothy Stand-by" letters convey much valuable information and many helpful suggestions in characteristic fashion.-EDIToR.

372 ili(, wudd will 1)(' ,!l,'a~,,('d il' it dOli 'j 'utdl onl alld hur!'y lip aml git 1)]1 ii's gas 11m!'!;:. 'rhaL old llIaid of ullei!'lIt history, lliKN Pandol'Y, [who we leal'll('d about ill the Brush ~-'()l'lCR skool] wuzzell't a match to the wurld war ill makin t1'ouhl('. The nashulls of the wurld haz bin shoutin "Peace!" "Peaee!" Wl!('n there aint no "PC'ace"; and, wurse than t1tat, Amel'iky 11az no placp in the "IJeag of Nashuns." Ain't it awfu17 "Wpll, az I WllZ sayin, thp SundaY-Rkool folb is roused and has started in on a kampain of evallgeliflm and I'C'lijus edikashun what's goin to reaeh to the ends of tIle earth.

Laban, ilw SUl'lll'izin ihing is that it has bnell di"kovered that Ameriky, mOl"ll eml)' othpr Nashull nC'pds jOggillg up on relijus edikashun, if it's goin to do fer its('lf what it'H a-plmlIlin to do for tIle wurld. Laban, faeks is faeks, just as sure as pig" is pigs, and we mite as well fnee 'em square.

r have been a-studyin the ilggers of late, and they're somethin alarmin. Laban, how many folks und(~r 25 yeel' of age do you spose is livin in Ameriky today~ I know you have no idee so I'll tell you. There's just 55 million, 775 thousand and 40 [55,775,040]. I spose a few more haz bin born since them. figgers wuz collected. The Katholicks claims ahout 8,600,000, the Jews 1,630,000, and all the other rclijuns about 376,000. The Protestants haz about 17,- 000,000. After the Katholicks haz got credit for all they claim, and the Jews and Protestants for all they claim, there's still 27,000,000 boys and girls and yung folks in the United States claimed by nobuddy who don't go to Sunday-skool and who have no relijus trainin or edikashun of enny kind. That means that two m~t of :~very three [or 69 purcent]' aTC goin to no Tel':;jtts skool, and 4,- 000,000 of them are in New York State.

Laban, these figgers is bad cnuff; but they look skandlus when ve face the fack that more 'n half of the folks what belongs to the Sunday-skool are absent most of the time. They're like Lige Tucker. He jined the Masons thirty yeer back and haz bin in the lodge-room only twict since>. Notwithstundin that, he's sot on insi sting that he's a Mason.

You see, Laban, that durin thc war the Sunday-skool folks got their eyes on somethin else besides the trainin of children in relijun. They nit socks, and sold Liberty Bonds, and sowed fer the Red Cross, and sung in Community Koruses, and cut bandages fer the woundid, and did a thousand other things what took time; and they fergot there wuz such a thing as relijus edikashun. That's one of the reesons why the Sunday-skool cause haz had a set-back in Ameriky. And now that the War is over [all except between the United States and Germany] the Sunday-skool's havin some job to git back where it onct wuz-to say nuthin of becomin what it long ago orter have bin. It's rite-smart harder to climb up a mountin,

Laban, than it is to slide down: and just now the Sunday-skool is in the climbin bizness.

Laban, one of the surprizin things about the Sunday-skool is that it haz got along at aU, when the church haz bin so stingy in pClrvidin money for carryin it on. In a town down East, what haz 18 worshipin congregations, it haz bin discovered that in one yeer, all of them put together spent on their churches and Sunday-skools $209,000; and out of that money, Laban, only $6,600 wuz spent fer the Sunday-skools. Just think of it, Laban !-200 thousand dollars [or 97 purcent] for the church, and 6 thousand dollars [or 3 percent] for the Sunday-skool. That's worse than" 16 to 1." It ain't no wonder the Sunday-skool haz bin livin at a poor dyin rate.

Why, Laban, the United States haz bin blowin in stacks of money for everythin under the sun except fer the relijus trainin of its boys and girls. It haz clean fergot that the safety of the Nashun depends more on the relijus trainin of the people than it duz on the money they git or the good times they have. The time to make character is in childhood and youth-not after folks has growed up. There's lots of trooth in the old sayin "If the saplin is bent, the tree will be crooked." Laban, figgers shows that fer every man, woman and child, Ameriky last year spent $2.40 fer automobiles, $1.30 fer candy, $1.12 fer coffee, 80 cents fer patent medicines, and 7 cents fer lead pencils i while the money spent by the Denominashunal and Interdenominashunal Sunday-skool Boards fer the relijus edikashun of the boys and girls wuz little more than 5 cents fer each member of the Protestant Churches-the cost of a cheap lead pencil fer relijus edikashun and $2.40 fer joy rides. Laban, "if the richus skarsely be saved, where will the wicked and ungodly appear ~" Woe is me ! I'm all undone! Selah!

But, Laban, the Sunday-skool wurld is rouzed up over the matter and is gittin down to bizness. In the first place its trainin more lee-ders fer young people. It's bin revealed that the Sunday-skool's the place where leeders is made. The leeders of Boy Scouts, Girl Scouts and Camp-fire Girls of course are members of the Church, but it haz bin pinted out that 80 per cent of them are teechers or officers in the Sunday-skool, and 7 percent a,re pastors. That leaves only 13 percent who are not tied up to the Sunday-skool. Don't you see, Laban, that it's up to the Sunday-skool, through Trainin Classes fer leedership, Summer Trainin Skools, Weeknight Skools of Relijus Edikashun, and the like, to train a big army of leeders ~ And that's a part of the program to-day.

Then, Laban, the Sunday-skools of Ameriky is plannin to make a hundred thousand more misshunaries. Misshunaries are not made after they git to be twenty yeer old. Livingstone and MoiEatt, and J ndson and Thoburn and all the rest heard their kall to the missionfield in their teen yeers. From now on every Sunday-

TIMOTHY STAND-BY ON "SUNDAY SKOOLS IN AMERIKY."

skoal is to become a recrutin stashun fer the enlistin of misshunaries, and it won't be long afore a Sunday-skoal what's not represented somewhere in the misshun field by one or more of its own boys and girls will be ashamed to hold up its head and look the wu,dd in the face.

Then, Laban, there are sum big plans on just now fer Vacashun Bible Skools to run fer six weeks durin the summer time. When you and I wuz young, Laban, the day skools closed ill 'the spring to give the boys a chance to help their dads on the farm raise a crop of corn. But them days is past. There ain't no reason why the public skoals in this day should close in the spring. They do it because they've got the habit, and they turn the boys out in June not to raise corn, but to "raise Cain." And the boys "raise Gain" because they have nuthin els,e to do but to kill time. The Sunday-skoal wurld is a-plannin, Laban, to take half of the day skoal vacation-time ferrelijus edikashunto teech boys and girls relijun and the Bible, and a lot of other things that the public skoal can't teech, and tha.t will help the youngsters grow up to be clean, high-minded Christian citizens, who will live right and vote right, and who will be an improvement over a lot of folks we now have in Ameriky. Grate guns, Laban, we wuz born too soon! We'd orter be kids now, and git the benefit of these modern doins.

Then, Laban, plans is shapin up fer trainin the officers of the Sunday-skoals-the Suprintendents, secretaries and sich. The Lord knows they need trainin. The ,Skoal officers. are to be fed up on books and plans and confurences on Skoal Administrashun until they know their job as well as the preecher knows hiz. It won't be long, Laban, afore suprintendents will be displayin a framed diplomy on the skool wall back of the desk [just like an engineer has one hangin on his engine-room wall] a-certifyin to . the fack that he's passed the test and knows enuff about runnin a Sunday-skoal to be put in charge. Why not, Laban~ There's just as much in knowin how to run a skool as there is in pilotin a ship, or drivin a locamotiv.

This warm spring day reminds me, Laban, that Summer Skoals fer trainin Sunday-skool leeders is now goin to be worked harder than ever. If I wuz a bettin man [which the Lord forbid], I'd bet our brown leghorn rooster that the Summer Skools will have more folks in them this summer than ever. Almost every 8iate haz one, and the Internashunal Association runs a Trainin Skool at Lake Geneva, Wisconsin, which is called a "Graduate Skool " where they sand paper down and polish up the students what haz bin graduated from the State Skools. Oh, Laban, I know in usin these edikashunal words I'm gettin into deep water, fer you've never heard of sich doins and sich skools afore, but they're

pintin illl: 'a)" tl! a j illlt' -IIt'11 Hh ~1lJ'(: HZ [atf', the SllIlI11'ly-skooi will be a real ~k()()l of H(dijllR l'Jdika~lIlllI what -ilt l'mch out into the week nights amI i lito parts of wppk days, and the publick skool will be sittin at till' feet of ihe Sumiay-skool learnin somethin new in sykology and ped('rgogT, and JIOW to train the side of n hoy that the day skoal can't rench-Iii" ~piritual natur.

And that ain't all, Laban, fer the Sunday Skoal's dead sot on headin off the BolRheyick biwe8s ill this country. r1'hat can't he done hy makin oV!?r the growed-llp Bol8hevicks,' enny more th~m a farmer can ,,(mitcn up n tree _after its a foot thick. Big oaks comes from littln akol'l1s, and th(~ time to take the kink out of a Bolsheviek is WllC'1l he 'I' it little chap. That wild and woolly Villa down in Mexiko il' it good sample of a -Bolshevick. Think what he's cost Mexiko and the Ullited States! Think what heaps of trubble he's made, and what money he's cost. That might all have bin savpd if sum SUlldaY-l'kool in Mexiko had got hold of him when hp wuz a kid alld startid him right. That's what we've got to do with the Bolshevicks j get thp little Bolshevicks into the Sunday-skoal, and bring them up to love .Jesus. Then they'l1 love our country and OUT f1ng and evcrybmldy, and will grow up to be law-abidin citizens.

And, Laban, plans is on foot to plant a Sunday-skoal in every town and village in the ,Vest. Out on the fronteer thcre's hundreds of little towns with no preecher, with no church, and with no SUllday-skool; while, down to .Jerika Kart House, where Main and High Street crosses, there's churches on three corners within a hundred feet of each other. Laban, that's plantin too many seed-corn in a hill. There's thousands of boys and girls in the West who never saw a church and who never heard of a Sundayskool, and they're grovin up without relijus trai_nin. The Sundayskoal folks is detarmined that such doins can't go on enny longer. Laban; afore you're datin yure letters "1930" there'll be a Sunday-skool within walkin distance of every family in Ameriky. When that time comes, and there are plenty of Sunday-skools and no saloons, the Millenyum will ht' here. Glory!

Laban, I just got startpd, but 1'11 have to quit. The best news I've got to tell ennyhuddy in these days is that I'm gain to Japan afore frost, and my wife Marthy's goin with me. The only Japaneps word I know is "Ohio." It mean's" gool1 mornin," and I'spose I'll work it overtime when I get to Tokyo.

The oil well's still a-rnnnin. Keep prayin that it will keep at it, fer if it quits, my Tokyo trip is busted.

Yours truly TIMOTHY STAND-BY.

The Continent of

BY HENRY N. PHILCOX, LO"DON, ENGLAND Hon. Secretary of the Continental Mission Snnday School Union A1/l'HOUGH in the year' of 'Waterloo the Sunday School Union ill London ::nade a gl~ant towards a Sunday-schoo~ in France, ~where the ldea was mtroduced by one of the eXIles who re- iumed at the close of tIl(' ~apoleonic rc>gime, and although isolated efforts were mndp in various countries in subsequent years, it ,yas not till the laUer llurt of tlle nineteenth century that an organized SundaY-Rc1lool mO"('llWlIt on the Continent began-in France-and it wa" not till 18G4 that any organized effort was mad(~ from r~ng­ land to promote Sunday-schools in I{]uTope.

'l'he grmvth of Sunda~·-i-'chool york ill Protestant lands 1Ia<; since theH been cOllsiderahl0, ('VPll in Finland where three-fiftlls of the population of fonr or five millions are Lutherans. There are some 170,000 Sunday-school scholars in the Lutheran schools. Otll(er Protestant countries Oll the continent formerly helped from England, now are indepelldputly organized and Holland has made valued gifts towards work in other lands. In Norway and Sweden local Unions are still helpcdl)y grants from England, but splendid progress has been made and it is hoped that, ere long, the Continental mission may.be ahle to cOIlcentrate its efforts on nOIl- Protestant Europe.

How vast is the need 7 A population of roughly 300,000,000 people, i. e., about equal to that of British India. But heathen India haR thrre times as many Sunday-school scholars as these so·called Christian lands. Thpy a re but nominally Christian, for Romanism in Catholic lands is for the vast majority a system of superstition, by which it is }lOped to escape physical and spiritual suffering. The Greek Ohurch giYeR hut dim Gospel light in Eastern Europe. TIle resnlt is clearly manifest. Vith the advance of education tlw old superstitions are discredited and men, who know no othE'I" form of Christianity than that of Rome, become agnostic or atheist. Hence it iR neCE'ssary to incnlrate a purer faith and the surest way of doing this is through the child. Many children are permitted to attend the ('vangelical Sunday-school whose parentR would never enter ml (wang-elieal church. By these children, and frequf'ntly by the l<'st'on leaflets or other literature given to them the Gm,pel mes8Hge TPHch('R many a home which otherwise wonld he l1ntonclll'd.

For 11par1y 'Rixty yl'nrR tllP COld i l1<'l1tn1 MisRioll hnR Rupported work ill Frml('c alld 11:1s l'll{prl'd lliliP)" rOllniriPR. On!' of t1lp mo"t hopeful fields is Italy, wIlere there is [( SUllda~· School Union which 377

comprises every Protestant denomination, including the Episcopal, the Brethren and the Salvation Army. Already an advance has been made into new territory which was formerly under the dom- inance of Austria. Week by week as new schools are opened in "Redeemed Italy" and in other districts increased demands come for literature-lesson leaflets for the children, and lesson helps for the teachers. How much there is yet to be done-population of Italy 36,000,000, Sunday-school scholars 15,000!

Spain with its population of 21,000,000 is in a still more back- ward condition. Scattered here and there are missions with ap- proximately 5,000 scholars, but the distances between the workers are so great that this fact and other difficulties incidental to isolated work have so far rendered abortive all attempts to found a Sunday School Union. Help is given to some of the schools by grants for literature, towards general expenses, and by the loan of lantern slides, the display of which attracts many children who would not come to an ordinary school. Portugal is in much the same state as Spain.

.Of South Eastern Europe little can be said. In Bulgaria be- fore the war, there were some schools and in Greece in 1900 the writer heard of only four schools, and has no knowledge of any in- crease. Shortly before Greece entered the war, two Greeks, who were eager to work for the children, were called for military service and the proposals were dropped. .

Russia before the Revolution was a' fruitful field-in spite of the many difficulties, such as persecution, lack of workers and ignor- ance of those who were willing to work, and the vast distances to be .traversed by the Sunday-school missionary. Even during the days of the Terror, devoted Sunday-school workers traveled long distances to foster the schools and to encourage the workers.

The .door will yet be fully opened and we must be ready to enter.

Hungary is largely nominally Protestant and had many Sun- day-schools in 1900, when the writer's visit to Budapest brought these workers into touch with England and led to the formation of a Sunday School Union. The bright prospects have, we fear, been marred by the war and the partition of Hungary.

Bohemia was, before the war, the home of a small work carried on amid varied difficulties. The new Czecho-Slovakia offers one of the most hopeful fields. Its population is some 13,000,000 of whom only about 500,000 are Protestants. But there is a strong movement among the Roman Catholic population, priests and people alike, away from the Papal Church. Tl].e Government is tolerant and sympathetic, and the cry has already reached us for help.

The children of Europe are the key to the evangelization of that continent.

Methods for Sunday

REPORTED BY MRS. E. C. CRONK, 45 W. 18TH STREET, NEW YORK CITY l'HE ENLISTING OF A THOUSAND How one Girl put a Thousand, not to Flight but to Work "SOME day we're going to number MISS JESSIE BURRALL a thousand; some day we're going Leader of a Bible Class that enrolls a thousand to fil! this hall," sang a group of daring Washington girls. The group young women was one of the twelve into which a defiled' is the most interesting study Sunday-school class was divided. in the world. Believing that the The hall was one of the finest movie human mind is incurably religious, theaters in Washington. The teacher we go ahead providing an opportunity was Miss Jessie Burrall. for the exercise of the spiritual na- ture. On Sunday, March 21st, 1920, the mark that the girls had dared to "A sponge never discovers its true place before them was reached. They nature so long as it remains in a had enrolled their "thousand" and saturated atmosphere. We refuse to went over it with aU eighty plus, and provide a saturated atmosphere they have not yet called a halt. The wherein the girls, by passively listenclass was begun with six girls in ing, can feel· that their Christian November, 1917. Miss Burrall, who duty is done, but everlastingly enis chief of School Service, National courage them to become bits of Geographic Society, called these girls radium and to let their light shine. together at Calvary Baptist Church Our aim is to set every girl at whatto face the spiritual and social needs ever work she can best do. The class stands, also, for joy, jollity, and of the army of girls who were pour- even pila,rity, ing into Washington iIt- war work.

The class soon numbered fifty. Then it went to one hundred, and has been growing ever since, although many of the original war workers have left the capital.

Explaining the success of her class, Miss Burrall says: "The chief aim is the rlevelopment of spiritual values in the lives of the members in order to set them free from the cares, perplexities and irritations seemingly so much a part of life, and lead them into sane, joyous, happy acquaintance with God, by taking the New Testament promises at face value and seriously attempting to live by them.

"We very carefully avoid anything sensational in the teaching or conduct of the class. 'Pure religion and un- 379,

"Once e,ery two weeks or oftener condition in Washington and aggra- a 'corking good time' is planned and vated ten-fold by the war-acondi- carried out by a most efficient re- tion that caused all the pessimists creational committee. These good to attempt to discourage even the times range from skating parties, starting of the class, has worked to sight-seeing trips by motor, and our advantage in that the 500 or launch rides on the river and canal, more girls who have left are carry- to picnics, house parties at nearby ing the seeds of the class spirit and camps, and the time-honored recep- sowing them in their home churches. tion and tea. vVe aim to care for 'Junior Bun'all Classes' are being every variety of taste and for every formed in many places. interest. Class organizations now in- clude a ukelele club, a guitar club, "Ve are great helievers in tithing. choral club, basket ball team, two 'e startcd with three girls who gave gym' classes, hiker's club, and others. the tenth or more of their income to tIle Lord's work and now have over "The class first met in the commo- a hundred. TI~eir average salary is dious and well-equipped rooms of 0 er $100 a month. That means Calvary Baptist Sunday School. But $12,000 a year flowing into the home an attendance of 200 in one class and local churches. The class makes taxed the rooms to the limit. Just no attempt to receive or control the across the street from the church is gifts. Regular and special class ofthe large, handsomely appointed, well ferings are taken, however, and reventilated Rialto Moving Picture ceipts for last year were wel! over Theater. When Mr. Tom Moore, $6,000. although the membership a the owner and manager, was ap- year ago was only 200. Only about proached upon the subject of the use one-sixth of that amount goes for of the building for the class. he class expenses. Ve have bought an related how Rev. Samuel H. Greene, automohile (costing $1,200) for a the pastor of Calvary Church, had Methodist misssionary in Malaysia, befriended his mother and himself have given $3,000 to the Baptist throughout his fatherless,' struggling $175.000,000 campaign, and over $500 boyhood, and as an expression of his to city charities. Ve are paying the appreciation. tendered the' use of the passage and outfit of a missionary, theater absolutely free. are supporting a girl in training, etc., etc. "'fhe class joyously moved in and started on a campaign for a thousand "The Sunday morning service girls a Sunday, which is now well starts at 9 :30 with a pipe organ on the way to realization, and the recital. This is followed by choral class is talking of 1500 as the next and cOlllmunity singing, led by Mrs. goal. Our class motto is the third Gertrl1de Deland Price and her line of the little quatrain, ''fhe Song choms of 30 ,oices. Scripture readof the Panama Canal Builders': ing and prayer precede the lesson, which takes the form of a talk by 'Have you got any seas that they say arc the teacher on the International Les- 11l1crossable? son, alwavs with a practical and pres- ent day" application. It is a custom 'Ha,,-e yon got allY mountains they can't for the class to rise just hefore the tunnel through? lesson. when each girl shakes hands witly the fonr other girls nearest her, "vVe specialize on the wholly Impossible, learning the name anel state from Doing the things that no one can do.' yhich each comes.

'''Ve are great believers in the lure "As to organization. the class is of the so-called impossible. Anyone l":lther nnique. Early in the game we can fail on an easy task, h11t a divided vVashingtol1 into twelve disgigantic one enlists the imagination tricts with a captain and lientenants and helps to carry one 'm'cr the top.' Thu5 our great handicap, namely the shifting of population, normally a

BEST METHODS

in charge. of the members living in REVIEW that she may distribute them among the members of her class and so each district. give them the information they need in "Each group is organized into a the World Wide program of the Church.

Bible and Mission Study Class, for we are training workers for all WHEN SUBPLVS AND SHORTAGE varieties of church activities. We MEET have seven volunteers for the foreign The Surplus of Half the World Would mission fields and support a student Supply the Shortage of the Other Half volunteer in a training school.

"The class has two efficient sec- A discarded church bell- lay rustretaries who keep an accurate roll ing and unused in an – old church of the class in duplicate by card tower in Cleveland, Ohio. Over in index system. Every Monday morn- Liberia, Africa, a missionary was , ing a list of the new girls is placed longing for a bell to call his people on the teacher's desk. A cordial let- to the services. ter of welcome, telling the name of A woman in Pennsylvania had her the captain and group to which she bicycle carried to the attic. Over in tbheelontgeas~haenrdthreequfoelsltoinwgintghaSt usnhdeaym,eeist Kobe, Japan, a weary little missionary sighed "Oh, if I only had ,a bicycle sent to each new girl. In addition to I could double my work." this each captain receives the list of "In a 'spring cleaning' in -a Virthe new girls for her. group. The ginia Sunday-school building large class is closely affiliated with the ~l­ quantities of picture cards and lesson vary Baptist Church, over 100 ~rls papers were dumped into the trash having joined by letter or confessIOn can. In a school in India a _t~acher of faith during the year. Many was longing for picture cards and. other girls have joined other denom- lesson papers, no matter wnat their inations. date. "The teacher makes it a point to . "Another calendarl" said a New learn every girl's name and home York business'man. "This is the state as soon as possible. A year forty-ninth one I've thrown into the ago, with ten new members a Sunday, waste basket." Out in Africa a misshe could usually name half of the sionary sat down at the typewriter ten on sight the second Sunday. to make a calendar because none was Now, with 30 or 40 a week and available. over a hundred a month, it takes That is why "The Department of about six repetitions for her to fix Surplus Material" came to be in ·the the name and face. The only limit World's Sunday School Association. she is willing to put upon the size of It has handled an even wider catathe class .is her ability to know each girl personally, so as to sympat~ize logue of wares than Sears, Roebuck with her joys and sorrows. All girls and Company-from a card punch to a church bell and from a picture card away from home need more than to a mule. anything else the .rig~t kind ?f vicarious mother -or big SIster, WIth noth- From all over the world thanks and petitions have come. A missioning sentimental in the relationship ary in the Philippines says tha;t onebut a frank, comradely friendship half of all the Sunday-school helps that asks no reservations, excuses, or used by them are furnished by this mental Sunday clothes to keep it department, and asks for more. alive. _ .., One of the most interesting pieces "There is an undreamed of power of work done by the department is in our girls throughout the country,- the sending out of Christmas packall that they ask is leadership." ages to about 1,200'- missionaries.

Note: Miss Burrall has just ordered Before people in America have had 200 copies of the March number of the their Thanksgiving dinners, the

Christmas packages are on their way schools and miss'ionary societies as to many' lands. Each packet con- well as individuals to utilize much material that would otherwise be tains two Daily Bible Reading Cal- stored. away, rendering no service to endars for the coming year, a War- any one.* ren celluloid Calendar, "The Gist of the.,Lesson" for the year then ending, LIVING POSTERS a song pamphlet, and two Easter musical services, with other enclos- It is one thing to state facts and ures that will help to make a happy quite another thing to cause an Christmas overseas; audience to really grasp the facts stated. Charts and posters help to To people who are throwing cal- visualize missionary facts. The livest endars in their waste baskets the posters of all that are being pre- enthusiastic thanks of a missionary sented are real living posters. in Liberia who received a calendar in a Christmas packet, are hard to Miss Mary C. Wiley has conducted understand. He wrote: "Most of a display of such living posters in a '. all we are thankful for' the Sunday- Presbyterian church in Winston- school Calendar for 1919, which has Salem, North Carolina. Each year just reached us from your Depart- the Mission Board of the Southern me11t. Ever since the year began, Presbyterian Church names some I have been intending to typewrite specific nUssion field to be presented – off a calendar (we can't get any out to the church on Children's Day. This year the field to be presented here!) because the mental effort of was Korea; counting back fro~ the last date you are sure of to find the day of the Much literature and many attrac- month you want to know is a nuis- tive posters were sent out. ance–but the work never got done. So apart from all its special and In order to make the posters really good features your Sunday-school live before the audience, the Winston- Calendar is a real boon and we thank Salem committee substituted real you." folks in costume on the platform, for the picture folks that were to be The picture post-cards which are hung on the wall. Every detail of thrown away or stored away in the posters was carefully worked out. America maybe of great service on the mission fields. A missionary One poster presented a Korean from the Philippine Islands tells how bending underneath a heavy load, he uses post-cards to carry Gospel labelled "A:ncestor Worship, Poverty, messages: "I am planning an organ- Ignorance, Disease and Sin." "Help ization of personal workers in Silli- take off Korea's load" plead this liv- man next year, and in connection ing poster. with the tracts we intend to get out in various dialects I want to get One after another the groups were picture post-cards on the backs of formed in tableaux. A reader who which the tracts are to be pasted. stood at one side gave the title and If you can emphasize picture post- stated facts about each poster. After cards in the literature coming our the last poster had been presented, way this year I shall appreciate it. she stepped forward and made an_ We, can never get enough picture earnest plea for helpers, adapting post -cards." the "Call for a Hundred Heralds" in Women Workers of the Orient. Every year organs, cameras, type- writers, violins, stereopticon slides, Results reported are a most in- dolls, toys, and .many other things are terested audience, members of school sent on their way with messages of who took part, really impressed with j~.' . facts and' conditions they pictured, Here is an opportunity for Sunday- • Write to the Superilltendent of the Surplus Material Depa.rtment, 216. Metropolitan. Tower. New York City. giving your denomination …. that he may put yoU fa te.uch with mission- aries of your own church' and the IljledB whlc4 you may suPPlY with your surplus matet'laT.

parents more definitely enlisted be- The third teacher presents the specific cause of the cooperation in preparation of costumes and studying facts, work their church is doing in that larger gifts which always follow intelligent interest. field. The pupils are given heavy Moving mottoes added another fea- card lap-boards and outline maps and ture to the program. Striking missionary mottoes were printed on crayons. They indicate the location large sheets of heavy card board and mounted on handles. A procession of each church with a red dot each of boys bore these mottoes aloft, each hospital with green and school~ with boy stopping in the middle of the platform to speak the words he blus:. carried. The long line of mottoes as the boys all faced front together made One day a boy who had seemed a very striking, silent address. indifferent held his green crayon "coMe INTO MY MISSIONARY PARLOR" impatiently in his hand. "When are This is the invitation that Mrs. Fred A. Victor of the Central Methodist we going to mark green?" he asked, Episcopal Sunday-school at Yonkers, gives to one class each Sunday. . when the lesson was nearly over.

Now the missionary parlor is only The map journey_ was almost coma bright corner of the social ha11 in the basement, curtained off and fur- pleted, and no hospital had yet been nished _and unfurnished each time it is used by the three wide-awake boys located. "Not until we reach .La who quickly transport – chairs, rugs, table, blackboard, maps, and other Pas," said the teacher. "You see furnishings as they are needed. we have just the beginning of one The Sunday-school is divided into four groups, (not including the Pri- hospital for all of South America mary Department and Men's Bible Class) , and each group is. invited in La Pas." A quick exclamation into the missionary parlor or mission study room, one Sunday in of surprise came from this boy's each month. On the first Sunday the little folks come, then the older lips, for. the need had become very scholars in order on successive Sundays. Instead of going into an or- real to hIm. – dinary mission study room, however, they go into China, Africa. or Japan, Many of. those little maps .are or some home mission field. taken home as the pupils are learning There are three teachers or leaders to make the journeys "ery real. to pray and work definitely to meet There are maps and pictures and charts, costumes and curios. the needs of the mission stati6ns they One teacher conducts the journey, have located. giving geography and history of the country studied and introducing the The same subject is presented for scholars to its people and its religions. four successive Sundays, the instrtic~ Then the second teacher tells what changes are taking place as the tion being graded to suit the adyancepeople· hear the Gospel, getting up~ to-date info,rmation from church pa- ment of pupils. pers, mfssion study bOOks and repOrts. FIVE THINGS THey DID Officers .of a Minnesota Sunday- school decided that their school must have an intelligent interest in the work of the Boards of the Church.

Here are five ways in which they brought it to pass: .

1. An attractive poster was always hang-. ing in the Sunday-school room, giving the names of the Boards of the church-,- Board of Home Mis~ions, Board 0.£ FQr- eign Missions, Freedmen's Board, etc., etc.

2. Five minutes (time strictly adhered. to), was given every Sunday during the opening exercises to the SundlW-schoQI Missionary Committee.

3. A live missionary committee selected material to be used and secured the five- minute speakers.· The~ were taken, as far as -J)Ossible, from the church member- ship and adult Bible classes. 4. The Sunday-schQol Missionary Com~ mittee apJ)Ortioned to the study -of eacJI Board a definite period of time,-am.onth or two months, as .seemed advisable. S. On the fir~t Sunday of the time appor~ tioned to any particular Board, that. Boord:

was. introduced to the Sunday-school its Quite a number of them became name clearly and distinctly emphasized, its purpose explained, its special field of work interested in the church and joined defined. On the following. Sundays, apportioned to it, definite concrete· examples the congregation. . of its work were given. (Particular care was always taken to connect the work The influence of that missionary's definitely with its special Board.) This offered opportunity. for fhe .greatest variety work in sympathetic Christian Amerand originality in ptesentation,-a map talk, a chalk talk, a character sketch, an im- icanization has spread to many cenpersonation in conume, etc. ters. The Roumanian people in This plan can be followed indefinitely, the Boards being taken America, following the need of trade up in rotation, for there is an in- conditions move from center to cenwill exhaustible. wealth of material. It result in a church membership ter. Many of the members of that informed and enlightened as to the Boards of the Church. class have gone to other places and MRS. Or.IVJ>R WIUIAMSON. reached other groups with their in- INSIDlll INFORMATION fluence.

"Fourteea years was I in Amer- IF THE MOUNTAIN WILL N()T. COME ica," said a man who carne· from another land, "before I saw an TO MAHOMET-WHAT THEN? American home from the inside." Down in Virginia Miss Irene There is pathos in plenty in the Haislip, a newly-made secretary of groups of those from many lands literature. prepared a display of litwho never see "inside." A young erature for the monthly meeting of woman missionary recently had as- the Woman's Auxiliary. She gazed signed to hera large group of at her table with admiration. All that was latest and best, all drat WlJS Roumanians in a. Middle West city. brightest and most attractive she had, just ready for the eager mem- Among other opportunities which bers who would seize upon her upcame to her was a class of young to-date supplies with keen delight· as Roumanian men who were eager to they went ill and as they came out. learn the English language. Some Now the meeting· was over! The were members of the Mission. Others members had departed to their varwere friends. All faced· the diffi- ious places of residence,o and her litculty of trying to live and achieve erature display remained intact. Not success in business in a land whose one woman had taken a Single leaflet. language was foreign to them and Even the ones to whom she had whose customs were strange and offered them had waved ber off perplexing. With quick understand- saying, "Too busy, can't get time to ing their young teacher saw their read what I have itow." yearning eyes turned to the closed dOOrs and windows of American She gathered up her scorned stock and began to plan something more homes. / than a display. She bought a rub- . "Won't you come in ?" she said ber stamp–"DQ not destroy. It costs occasionally to small groups. money. Read and P(JSs" on," and stamped every leaflet. Free litera- At the dinner table she tactfully ture impresses some people as valuefamiliarized them with the use of less literature. Women like things various articles pn the table. In her they realize "cost money." bome she· explained the social customs of America in just the way she Then· when she was all ready to begin new plans for circulating litwould have liked them·· to explain to erature, influenza arrived and the Board of Health ordered a closed her the customs of their land had- she town. At first the literature secrebeen. the. guest. and ther. the bosts. . tary was dismayed over the prospect of no meeting at Which. to try out her new plans. . Then she saw oppor- tunity. _. Instead of closing Out 'her

BEST METHODS .385

stock she ordered more. She wrote the door of each home and from his to her four Boards and to the Amer- buggy he would give a word of greet- ican Bihle Society for leaflets on ing and clIeer. The ooy would then their work. They sent their choicest hand in a package "For Sunday and hest. She made two hundred Reading" and they would proceed on and~ fifty packages on each subject, their journey. .

with twelve or more leaflets to each That was not the end of the plan.

package. The secretary wrote to a friend in a On Friday and Saturday she drop- distant city, which had a population ped a package in the mail box of of about 200,000, and told her what every home she could reach in her she was doing. The friend's church denomination. When the "closed was not. closed, but there was much Sunday" arrived and the multitudes influenza among the members and of church goers found themselves the work of the church was greatly shut out from churches, they opened curtailed. She immediately secured the packages of literature that had literature for her congregation, called come to them "For Sunday Reading." together Boy Scouts and Girl Scouts The duration of the epidemic on Saturdays, and all the automobiles suited itself perfectly to the organ- she could press into service, ami had i7ation of her. denomination. For the chi]r)ren ride around the city, five weeks the churches were closed, disti-ib",~ting the leaflets. Before they so the first Sunday was Foreign woul!.! start on a trip she would tell Missions, second, Home Missiono. the boys and girls what they had third, Christian EJuc~tion, fourth, to <Ieliver and tell them a beautiful Sunday School Extension andtifth. ~~ory about the "Cause" the literature Bible Society.. After the first SUIl- represented. day there was an eager looki~g for- The· secretary of literature who ward to what would come next. started the plan was greafly enriched A minhter who was a cripple hearJ in her OWll. spiritual life through this of what this girl was doing and simple service, and after that she·had asked her if she had any extra pack- no difficulty getting rid of the litera- ages that he could use. His church ture on her table at the Auxiliary was a short distance away and there meetings, for the 'women 'asked"for were only twenty-one families in it. .it and. read it eagerly.

Packages were given him. With a "That was work?" . Yes, it was boy to help him, he .started .out in a work, but work that was tremen- buggy to distribute the leaflets. He dously' worth while.

would have the boy call some one to "

If the world is ever to be saved it must be saved through its childhood.-F. B.Meyer.

* * * ' I f we can win one generation we have put the devil', out of business.-D. L. Moody. . , * .. * What you would have appear in the life of a nation you .must first 'put in the 'school room.-.:…John R. Mott.

* * * I did not understand the· secret of America's greatness until· I went into her churches and S*un~day.-.schools.-DeTocqueviUIl. TheSunday~School -is the most significant, most fruitful. and : moSt permanent work of the Church.-c-Bishop W. F. McDowell.

Woman's Home Mission

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN 156 FIFTH AVE., NEW YORK CITY Council of Women for Home Missions President-Mrs. Fn!d S. Bennett, 149 Dwight Place, Englewood, N. J. (Presbyterian, U. S. A.) Vicc-President-at-Large-Mrs. May Leonard Woodruff, Allendale, N. J. (Methodi~). E"'cclttive Secretary-Miss Florence- E. Qninlan, 156 Fifth Ave., New York (Pres- byterian, U. S. A.). Recordi!lg Secretary-Mr~. Philip M. Rossman, 203 West 85th St., New York, (Lutheran) . Corresponding Secretary-Mrs. F. W. Wilcox, 287 Fourth Ave., New York (Con- gregational) . Treasurer-Mrs. Orrin R Judd, 22 Hart St., Brooklyn, N. Y. (Baptist). Vice-Presidents-Mrs. Ida W. Harrison (Disciples of Christ), Mrs. AthelIa M. Howsare – (Christian Church), Mrs. E. M. Spreng (Evangelical Association), Miss Florence A Cawl (Friends), Mr~. J. W. Downs (Methodist, South), Mrs. W. C. Wins- borough (Presbyterian, U. S.), Mrs. J. A. Macdonald (Presbyterian, Canada), Mrs. Taber Knox (Reformed, America), Mrs. E. W. Lentz (Reformed, U. S.), Mrs. Albert Keister (United Brethren), Mrs. W. J. Gmhler (United Evangelical), Mrs. Wm. S. Cook (United Presbyterian). Members-at-large-Mrs. George W. Coleman (Baptist), Mrs. Charles L. Fry -(Lutheran).

Chairmen of Standing Committees Study Courses and Literature-Mrs. John S. Allen (Reformed America). Schoo/sof Missions-Mrs. Luke G. Johnson (Methodist, South). Schools, Col/eges and Young People's Conferences-Miss Carrie Barge (Methodist). Women's Church and Missionary Federations-Mrs. Frank M.Goodchiid (Baptist).

Joint Standing Committees with Home Missions Council Home Mission Committee of Review-Charles· L. Thompson, D. D. (Presbyterian, U.S.A.). AlasK:i.':"-Paul de Schweinitz, D. D. (Moravian). Church Building-Joseph S. Wise (Reformed, U. S.). Cities-William P. Shriver,D. D. (Presbyterian, U. S. A). Comity and Cooperation-Lemuel Call Barnes, D. D. (Baptist). Community and Indu~trial Relations-John McDowell, D. D. (Presbyterian, U. S. A.). Indian Missions-Rodney W. Roundy (Congregational). Migrant Groups-H. Paul Douglass, D. D. (Congregational). Negro Americans-George R. Hovey, D. D. (Baptist). New Americans-Mrs. D. F. Waid (Presbyterian, U. S. A). Orientals and Hawaiians-George L. Cady, D. D. (Congregational). Plans and Policies for Hebrews-John A. Marquis, D. D. (Presbyterian, U. S. A). Publicity-Ralph Welles Keeler, D. D. (Methodist». Recruiting the Home Mission Force-Charles E. Burton, D. D. (Congregational) . . Spanish-Speaking Peoples in the U. S.-,–Mrs. J. W. Downs (Methodist, South), Town and Country-Paul L. Vogt, Ph. D. (Methodist). West Indies-Charles L. Thompson, D. D. (Presbyterian, U. S. A.).

THE CHURCH AND THE COMMUNITY and death march on to new victories quite as triumphant as those of shell, Three Study Books trench and guns. Everyone is pre- scribing. A League of Nations, a' By EDITH H. ALLEN. new credit system, production for Chairman, Committee on Study service versus profit, cooperative in- dividualism, nationalization of in- Courses and Literature dustries, internationalization of labor Diagnosing has become the ab- are some of the many panaceas adsorption of the hour. Under the vanced; bf just what definite ingreprevailing world war of ideas eco- dients compounded, their .advocates nomic, social and governmerifal, .men are not always prepared to state. and nations suffer while human misery, pain, hunger, disease, anguish 386 Meanwhile the cure halts and the Ralph A. Felton, through pen picmalady increases. tures and concrete illustration makes visible the Church actually at work Amid all the crash of conflict it in the community. It brings the is .heartening to perceive at least a Church to the fireside, the hearthsmall safety zone, a bit of sure foot- stone, and wherever little children ing upon which to begin at once to g!lther; Through its pages one sees~ build a little of the new soul and again the ministering Christ passing body of the better order that is to along sunny, dusty roadways, pausbe. It is the realization of the iden- ing in villages, teaching, healing, and tity of the human needs and aspira- radiating new hope for all who toil tions.. And the place for each to and aspire. The six chapters are as build is over against his own house, follows: The Church a-Neighboring, in his own community-the com- Home-Making a Christian Calling, munity which is the fulcrum, the The New Health Crusade, Education larger family, the unit out of which through Play:, Community Civics,. the whole, the nation, becomes. It Some Successful Churches. (Price may not be diseased in body or soul postpaid: cloth, 75 cents; paper, 50 without danger to the whole. Here cents.) sullen social resentments, alien racial consciousness, untaught and over- The third book, "Mr. Friend-o'- worked childhood and womanhood Man of the City of 1s-To-Be" for may not exist, any more than typhus or influenza, without spreading con- Juniors, is written by Jay T. Stocktagion and disintegration. ing, D.D., author of many books of delight for the young folks. In this What place· has the Protestant book Dr. Stocking gathers the chil- Christian Church in promoting the dren about him and together they whole life program and interests of follow the Wise and Wonder Man the community? This vital question through many interesting. encounters is the theme of the three new horne mission study books for 1920-21, is- and adventures, and when the stories 'Sued jointly by the Council of are told and the book closed .the Women for Horne Missions and the child has found new friends.in chilformer Missionary Education Move- dren ·of other races and colors, and ment which· is now the Missionary Education Department of the Inter- a new glow withih, the burning on church World Movement of North his heartcaltar of that light which_ America. reveals the beauty of goodness and the worth of service. (Price post- The leading book of the series, paid: boards, 60 cents; paper, 40 "The Church and the Community," cents.) is the work of Ralph E. Diffendorfer, director·of the Horne Mission Sur- For the presentation of these books vey Department of the Interchurch to groups of varied experience and capacity,-children, young people, 'iVorId Movement, and thus pecu- college students, women and men itt liarly fitted to give this subject church meetings, study classes,-supauthoritative and inspiring treatment. plemental material has been assem-' The chapter headings indicate the bled, and later dramatic arid steregeneral scope and character of the optican material will be added. The book,-Community Life, Economic helps include a set of devotional ex- Factors, Cooperation, Housing and ercises by Mrs. Jessie L. Scott to Homes, Complex Community Situa- give- a spiritual basis to the thinking tions, Community Leadership. (Price for each· chapter (15 cents) ,a: suppostpaid: cloth, 75 cents; paper, 50 plement containing suggestions for cents.) leaders of program meetings and The second book of the series, reading. circles by Mrs. Frederic S. "Serving the Neighborhood" by.Rev. Osgood· (ready in May, 15 cents), a supplement for leaders, of . dis-

cussion groups and lecture courses these schools have they yielded richer· returns than in the 1919 ser>sions. (to be·issued in September, 15 cents), Feeling the after-war strain, and a leader's manual for the junior book realizing that if the world is to be by Miss Cornelia Bedell (15 cents), a model city set of cut-outs to be taken for Christ every woman now colored, a picture sheet and picture enlisted in the service of the King stories. Orders should be sent 'to de- must come to be a "workman that needeth not to be ashamed," and nominational headquarters. that if the task is' really to be ac- complished in America every woman SCHOOLS OF MISSIONS not now' enlisted must be "called to the colors," these schools have bent By MRS. LUKE JOHNSON every energy to their task. As a Chairman, Committee on Schools of result, the registration was the largest in history, while plans are now being Missions made for still larger registrations and Council of Women for Home multiplied activities for the coming MissioM sessions. _I The Council of Women for Home I1issions-a federation of Woman's The meetings of the past year were nearly all characterized by an un- Home Mission Boards and Societies usually spiritual atmosphere. In adin the United States and Canada- dition to careful study of God's has many lines ,of service at the Word and of home and foreign disposal of its' constituent boards an'd mission textbooks, special emphasis agencies. Among these" none is was laid on the cultivation of the· mOievital than the, department in spiritual life through prayer circles, connection with Schools ,of Missions. quiet hqurs, the Morning Watch, ves- The affiliated schools' now number per services, and addresses on. spiritthirteen. The chairmen and the ualthemes. dates cif their 1920 sessions are: Schools of Missions are now yield- BAY Vn;;w, Mich., July 11-l6-Miss ing rich returns in establishing women and girls in Christian prin- Carrie Barge, Delaware, Ohio. ciples and activities. There is no BOULDER, Colo., Dates not received- riper field for recruiting for home' mission work and for securing a' Mrs. Harry Hoffman, 214 Vine St.,. Den- ver, Col. DALLAS, Tex., Sept. 2O-26-Mrs. L. P. Smith, 3319 Drexel Drive, R. F. D. 10, Box 246, Dallas, Tex.

Dil LAND, Fla., Feb. 1-8-Mrs. J. W'! Smock, 212 N. Blvd., Deland, Fla. wide-spread study of mission text- EAST NORTHFIELD, Mass" July' 16-23-. books and literature. They also fur- Mrs. Taber Knox, Warwick, N. Y. nish normal training for missionary leaders and other church workers. Los ANGELES, Calif., May 31-June 5- Indeed, a School of Missions is one Mrs. E. Y. Van Meter, 4972 Pasadena of the most fruitful avenues for missionary propaganda now available Ave,> Los Angeles, Calif. MINNESOTA, May 31-June 5-Mrs. W. U. an among the Christian organizations for Smith, 1044 Marshall Ave., St. Paul, Minn. women. As well .as furnishing opportunity for the study of _God's MOUNT HERMON, Calif., July 13-20- Mrs. J. C. Alter, 21 Mountain Ave., Oakland, Calif.

MOUNTAIN LAKE PARK, Md., August 1-7 -Mi~s. Susan C. Lodge,1720 ArchSt., Philadelphia, P a . ' , Word and of missionary literature, OKLAHOMA CITY, Okla., May 31-June it furnishes information, inspiration; 5~Mrs, H. L~ Gilliam, 2244 West 13th training in methods of work, and St., Oklahoma City, Okla. nonnal training for leaders.

ST.PE'l'ERSBURG, Fla., January 23- WILSON COLLEGE, Chambersburg, Pa., June 29-July 7-'-Miss Mary C. Peacock, The tremendous .possibilitiesof TorresdaJe, Pa. these annual sessions as, an un- equalled opportunity for Christian cul- WINONA LAKE, Ind., June 24-July 1- tivation and development .is, so ap-'

Mrs. C. E. Vickers, 312 N. Elmwood Ave., Oak Park, Ill. .., parent that the' Cpuncil of> W!)lUen Perhaps never in the history' of is striving to be of service' in' aSsist-

WOMAN'S~ H-OM~.- , M I: S S I O N B U" L" r..E T I N

, , (.' (,' "

i!1g schools to reach a high-;water inclined ,to adopt, pr even to become ac- ql.J.airited with, the neW cus.toms, t'flar,kof efficiency. Xhe Council is l1rgin~ sChools" which "are affiliated The women of the church ,should "" 1. Have 'a well-planned s:yst~ of "CaIIawipthoinItt'toof join in an effort to reach in~ uPo!lthe foreig.fi women: 'in their_ own standardi:,;ation by which neighborhoods and In the ,neighborhoOd of ~very ,School shall 'attain certain the church, ,: ,.", ' , 2: Help," the foreign :woinen learn'how syst~m,atic lines of work. to, use American utensils, American foods, We believe that there is no other and 'become accustomed to American type of work more unique in methods ways. , ", 3., Teach them the English. language, or more fruitful in results. There- ,4. Show them how to care for Children f6re it is to ~ desired tl;Jai: the num- and family under American' conditions.'

~er of s<;hoots may increas,e, and that 5, Explain some of the laws and cus- people in all seCtions ofollr na,tive toms affecting their children, es}lecially with reference to school and work. land •may have access to this oppor- 5, Be frien<;lly and moth,erly to, domestic tunity for train'jng in lines of Chris- servants- and thoughtful of their welfare, tian service and knowledge. To this and, through them reach out sympathetiend we invite correspondence from cally into, their homes, or into the circle any section or from any interde- of their acquaintances. Sunday' in many nominational group of w9men who homes is a day of entertainment, and ser- vants' are' allowed scant, if any, oppordesire to establish a school in affilia- tunity for church or' for rest. '

tion with the Council of Women, in 7. Deal kindly with trades~people who order that each may be helpful to the are foreigners, other. The Young PeGple's Soci('lttes * * * "The change of date for the session at Winona In addition to their share in the Sunday. school, and in other forms of church Lake should' be espe<llally noted. A1IIlIation of the St. Petersburg School has services. which reach foreigners, the young people can particularly do these things: not yet been OQIIlpleted, as' the Executive Committee of the Council of Women for 'Ho",e l. Report upon new groups-, new fami- MIssion.. has n"t met sInce the credentials were receiVed., For the benellt of OUr readers lies, and even individuals, who come irito It 19, however,lncluded In the nat before the neighborhood, completion of 01llclal action. 2. Teach some foreigners the English language, ,either in, groups, .or singly, by AlV AMERICANIZATION' PROGRAM day or in the evening. '

FOR THE WOMEN Ot' THE 3. Help foreigners celebrate some of their' own festival days, and help them CHURCH to understand and celebrate our national The Spirit holidays, This spirit is more than toleration. 4. In some cases help promote a pageant, FQreigners must not be thou~ht of contemptuously, or even with mdifference. either to reproduce .gome scenes dear to In almost every instance some ,of, their the foreigners, which will make them countrymen have contributed to America and to all the world the hlrgest meat'Ure better unders.tood by Americans" or to of genius in art, literature, inventiveness, present some ·historical 'scen,es, which help exploration and leadership, ,and some of these foreigners, now about us, who, seem them better to understand America ana strange, and because of their strangeness, the American s.pirit. uncouth, have still quite as much to give The following methods, additional to to, us, as we have to ,give to them. The expectation of learning from the foreigner those already suggested, should be emimparts zest to the' effort of explaining to pleyed where possible: ' him things which he should know, '1. Foreigners are strangers to the law. There must be in the churches the They are liable to get -into trouble, and Christian spirit' of interest in foreigners and willingness to minister to them. are liable to be imposed upon',' The church should have a place and a time for giVing legal advice' and legal help, either through some lawyer or other com- petent person, who mayor may not be one of its members: Methods 2. The foreigners are apt to live in Unsanitary, crowded quarters, They need Because foreign women remain at home a visitin~ nurse, or a friendly: visitor, or in most instances, they are the most tena- a physiCian, not only in time of sickness, cious of old-world customs, and the leas.t but at other times, to prevent disease, From a,Pamphlet published bytht! Home '3. Church members should take pains Mlaslons 'Council and, the Council nf Women to· invite foreigners to their homes for HOme. Missions, 20 cents at denomtnational headqtla.rteni. socially for the sake of forming acquaillt-

ance and of promoting good fellowship. off to die, if need be, under the An opportunity to see tire interior of an' American home may be a means of grace Stars and Stripes, for deIll()Cracy. to the stranger. Our American homes have had no '4. The public school is one of the great- monopoly on service flag~neither' est Americaniiing agencies, perhaps the greatest in existence. The Church should did all the flags with gold stars upon cooperate with the public school. As a rule it is desirable for Christian parents them fly in districts where the to send their children to the public !'cllOol and not to a private school, or "select" American language is ,spoken and academy. The mingling of children of where American ideals of life maindifferent bloods and different homes is of inestimable value, to both the native tain. children. and the foreign children, in the process of Americanizing both. The men and women of foreign 5. The subject of recreation and amuse- birth, and those of American birth ment must not be forgotten. Playgrounds for children, community "sings" and folk- but foreign parentage, have made dancing, concerts, and sometimes lectures, or forUrils, and "talks," and the moving good with us in the terrible testing pictures" may be furnished by, or supervised by, 'or encouraged by, the Church. of the war. They deserve our grati- tude. They now have a right to demand that we should understand them, and that in a spirit of justice The Church must not be censorious, but we should come to them and give to them an opportunity of knowing must be sympathetic and helpful in, all of and' of understanding American these directions. ' ideals and principles, through broth- 6. The Church itself must make its erly intercourse and Christian fellowreligious faith manifest in its works. Men ship. want religion. They are often suspicious of its organized forms, fearing lest other '!'he fires of war have made plastic than purely disinterested motives- prevail. But a manifestation of hnman interest the hearts of all people in this great and of ChristNIU love and service will tend to draw foreigners into the Church land of ours. Understanding symitself. A church which wins the foreigners <if its vicinity unto itself is worth pathy can now mold the foreign.;. many "missions," established for special purposes. speaking, but aspiring Americans of 7. The greatest thing in the world is our congested districts. We are con- Divine love shown inhuman interest and sympathetic service. fronted with a new and challenging 0ppoTtunity of rendering larger and more helpful service than ever before in bringing the teachings of Jesus The Goal and America into the lives of our The goal of Americanization methods is brothers and sisters of the tenement. 1. Acquaintance. For unless men become acquainted, they cannot coalesce. The day must come when every man 2. Goodwill. A patronizin~ manner and spirit are offensive. Goodwtll rests upon and woman, and every boy and girl mutual confidence and respect. 3. Cooperation. Fellow citizens must under the Stars and Stripes shalt share ideals, as far as possible, and combine, for the realization of their ideals. have a chance to live in a decent 4. The spirit of Christ must find expression in a!' large a degree as possible, home with uplifting surroundings, under whatsoever name it may be phrased. under the leadership of Jesus Christ.

THE STREET The street placed its hands on the life of a boy- The seething street-the soulless street- It stole all his portion of childish joy, A SONG OF THE LOWER WEST SIDE By Rev. A. Ray Petty The street.. The church did not see the boy as, he Pastor, Judson Memorial Church, passed- " New York City, The busy church-the bustling church- The war has given America a new respect for the peoples of other lands Did not see his face growing old too fast, who have made their homes with us. The church. Mothers who speak another tongue . kissed their sons goodbye, with an The Christ looked down from the ache in their hearts, and sent them heavens high- The risen Christ-the reigning Christ- And said,"For these least, I was glad to dieJ" The Christ.

LANDS

!~:: ~'iiiiifj MISCELLANEOUS subjects in each year. The Moody Bible Institute of Chicago is pow the Comprehensive Sunday School Program American representative of .the Moye- ment and supplies literature y,rithout . THE world need for Christian charge except for postage.

character building can be met, NORTH AMERICA according to Mr. Frank L. Brown, if the following program be put into Cosmopolltan Sunday Schools effect: . SUNDAY-SCHOOLS in which the 1. Fifty trained Sunday-school men lesson :is taught in sev.eral differ- at every national capital and area ent languages is a development of center, to push and apply American the present day aim to teach Amer- Sunday-school ideals as the .best icanization along with Christianity.. means of promoting a. better world. These schools open with the singing of patriotic hymns in English by all 2. Sunday School Normal Schools the nationalities, after which the as- at Tokyo, Seoul, Shanghai, Manila, sembly separates into different na- Cairo, Buenos Aires and Rio de tional groups' to receive. instruction Janeiro, to train an adequate native and r~cite the lesson in their own Sunday-school leadership for the en- tongues. The plan is in operation in larging work of the Sunday-school. many places in the United States and in Canada. 3. A world publicity campaign for character making in every nation through the influence of the Sunday- school and Christian education.

The Berean Band Decrease in Sunday School Attendance FIFTEEN years ago Mr. Char- ADECLINE of more than '10,000 . les J. G. Hensman of London, Sunday Schools with an approxi- mate loss of 3.500,000 pupils, is re- England, founded an international vealed in the first annual n:port of and interdenominational movement the Federal Council of Churches. to encourage the habit of memoriz- The situation is considered peculiar ing .Scripture, and named it The because of an increase of 5,350 . Berean Band Movewent. 'Graduallv church organizations and the addition the Movement spread over En~land of 580.366 members. and in America. Berean Bands are numerous in Great Britain with mem- A slight proportion of this loss is. bership running from six or more accounted for by the failure of some. to many hundreds. That of the Lutheran Synods to make a report. Metropolitan Tabernacle, London, has The total registration of Sunday- 800 members. The sole obligation of school pupils is given as 15,291,658. membership is to learn one Bible verse every week, with the st1g~es­ Ranch Sunday School tion that this be called to mind at least once every day until the first LYSITE, a typical sheep and wool Lord's day of the month following. center in Wyomin!!', has been fer- The membership fee is only five cents tile ground for the pioneer Sunday- annually and a List of Verses for school missionary. There is no over- the year is. fJ,mIish.ed w.itoout charge. lapping-, for a wide circle can be These are carefully chosen, with a <iescribed, with Lysite as a .. cent-er, definite subject each month and as in whkh no church service of any far as possible a completeness of kind is held.

A cousin of Theodore Roosevelt 391

assisted in', the organization of. the ruagr .5, by delegates representing new Sunday-school in: Lysite and the approximately 50' denominations after manager of 'the wool storehouse is a three '(fiiys"discussiOn. >T:he'new now, the superintendent., The railroad construction crew, the, section movement will be'iinder the guidance foreman and his helpers and the ranchmen compoSe three-fourths, of of the American Council or Organic the attendance. One sheep herder Union of Churches of Christ, a name drifted in, and confessed that he had officially selected by the delegates. not, attended. a .religious service in Mr. Henry W. Jessup was chosen president of .the Council. the past twentY7five years. The plan proyides that Christian A Husslte Society churches having the same faith in THE organization of an American as Christ. shall agree to associate them- Hussite Society was completed on Friday, January 9, 1920, by the selves in a body known the United , adoption of a constitution and elec- Churches of Christ in America, for tion of officers. This constitutes the the furtherance of the redemptive ,central or charter society,' what it work of Christ in the world. It is hoped hy the promoters will, be holds for "autonomy in purely de- followed by the founding of similar nominational affairs," with each organizations in other communities church retaining its statements, its throughout the. United States. form of worship and form of govern- ment. It provides for an executive The organization is upon llnes body or council, and a general coun- similar to the Waldensian and Hug- Cil 'in which constituent churches shall uenot Societies. The proposed con- stitution states that the aim of the be represented by an equal number organization shall be to promote such church, educational and philanthropic of ministers and laymen, women to work in Czecho-Slovakia as seems be included. advisable. The specific functions of the coun- The Presbyterian. cil are to harmonize and unify the work of the united churches: direct Wafting Lists consolidation of missionary activities, as well as of particular churches in THE two schools for Spanish- over-churched areas. by uniting American children of the Presby- boards or churches of any two or terian Home Mission Board at Santa "more denominations or otherwise. Fe, N. M., have long waiting- lists, Another duty of the council will be to undertake inspirational and educa- Miss Buxton, principal of Aliison- tional leadership of such sort ,or measure as may be decided upon by James boarding school for girls, the constituent churches from time to time in the fields of evangelism, hopes soon to establish a complete social service, religious education and the like. high school course and eventually "Dry" Forces Unite '. a colleg-e course. The graduates of Menaul boarding school for boys and WITH the exception of the Anti- Saloon League all the temperthe Allison-James school are eagerly ance and prohibition forces of Amersought as teachers in the public ica have merged into the recently formed American section of the World schools of New Mexico. In addition Prohibition Federation; Beginning to function at once, this new organizato these schools nine others are main- tion will be an active agency for enforcing the Eighteenth Amendment tained by the Board in neighbo~ing in the United States and in .the fight against alcohol in 9tber iands. plazas. The Continent.

Organic Church Union A PLAN for organic union of Protestant churches in America was adopted in Phiiadelphia,Feb-

NItWSFRO}.i MANY'I.ANDS

Included. in ,the merger are the "I had my.own ideas, but being his temperance agenCies of all the lead- guest said I didn't know aild asked: ing church :communions and the Pro- 'Mr. President, what do you think hibition Party, the Good Templars, is the reason?' He replied:' 'Mr. Sons of Temperance, United SoCiety Babson, South America was settled of Christian' Endeavor, National Temperance .society and the' Commission by Spaniards seeking gold… North on Temperance of the Federal Coun.. cil of Churches of Christ in America. America was settled by the Pilgrim The federation is the outgrowth of fathers who went to your land to the International Congress on Alco- seek God.''' holism. Dr, Charles Scanlon of Pittsburgh represented the United States Brazilian Sunday Schools at the congresses in London, Milan and The Hague. The next Inter- MANAUS, on the upper Amazon, national Congress will meet in Wash- Brazil, has a wide-awake Sundayington, D. C., September 21-25, 1920. school one thousand miles from the It is expected that forty-one coun- nearest church. Whole states in tries will,be represented. Brazil have only one church or Sun- day-school, and these are all limited Change in Jerry McAuley Mission in attendance by the inadequate size of their houses. One Baptist Sun- THE directors of historic Jerry day-school iIi a suburb of Pernam- McAuley Mission, 316 Water buco has organized a "House De- Street, New York, deCided to aban- partment," which is in reality a series don their work of reforming "bums," of branch Sunday-schools. About because the effect of prohibition has twenty teachers assemble groups of been to reduce the number of those neighbors in their homes at two for whom the mission was founded. in the afternoon, and teach over But this decision has been recon- 250 persons, as many as the number sidered, and work will go on among in the parent school. the people who live in that part of the city. an almost churchless neigh- MOSLEM LANDS borhood. Many are families of the men who have been regenerated Opposition in Jerusalem through the Water Street Mission. 1t is now planned to enlarge the MISS A. VAN SOMMER, memscope of the work until it is made ber of the Executive Committee practically a community center. and one of the founders of the Nile. LATIN AMERICA Mission Press, writes from Jerusalem An Important DUlerenee of their successful work in distrib- ROGER BABSON, the statistiCian, relates the following incident to uting Gospels among Moslems, A prove the importance of religion in business life. printing department is in operation, "A short time ago I was in South but a need is fethltefoJerwsusitoabf lePaHleeshtrineew. America, the guest of the President literature for of the Argentine Republic. One day he 'broke a long silence by saying: Their leaders have issued an' order 'Mr. Babson, can you tell. me why if is that South America. with so much that not so much as a handkerchief greater rtatural advantages and having been settled before North Amer- may be carried on the Sabbath, and ica, is so backward compared with your country?' dire penalties are called down upon any who go near a Christian mission- ary, .one being the threat that. they shall not be buried at Jerusalem if they disregard this order, Egyptian Church Paper THE Huda (Guide) is a Church paper issued by the nat~ve United Presbyterian ChJ,lrch in Egypt,and is full of excellent reading matter. It gives hearty support to Egyptian pas-

tors and leaders in upholding the INDIA' ideals they are seeking to promote. Preparations for a vigorous evange- Sunday Schools in Syrian Church li9tic, campaign included a series of articles upon such subjects as "Deep- AN ASSOCIATION known as the ening of Spiritual Life," "Soul Win- "Mar Thoma Syrian Sunday ning" and "Personal Work." These School Samaj" has for its work the topics were treated in a way which development of Sunday-school in- kindled a lively interest· in the cam- struction in the historic church founded by the Apostle Thomas in paign. Dr. J. Krudenier is editor. the first century of the Christian Era. 'fHE Ciommnnlty N1U'SIll'Ies For Sunday-school purposes the area people of the Egyptian Sudan of the Church is divided into twenty- have advanced a step farther than one circles, each comprising an aver- America in the community idea. age of eight congregations. An in- Nurseries, in which all children of the tribe are raised, are in vogue spector for each circuit visits the among the Shilluks of that regio~. schools in his division, gives model Shi1luk~children are taken from theIr lessons, holds meetings for teachers mothers when mere babes. At an and also addresses the parents. early age, girl children are installed in a common house, while the boys The Samaj began with a course of must live together in sheep and five years whicl1 was raised to six cow barns. and again to seven·years. The COurse now covers thirteen years' study. Work Resumed at Marsovan 'I'raining in missionary giving is em- ANATOLIA College is again open phasized. In some schools the chil- as are Anatolia Hospital and dren bring handfuls of rice; in others Anatolia Girls' School. The latter was never entirely closed during the boys grow bananas or cereals, the war, although it was forced to while the girls sew or raise fowls in move outside American premises~ The order to secure their contribution to- premises were recovered in the spring of 1919, but the work of restora- ward the foreign mission work of tion was exceedingly difficult, because the Church. of the scarcity of both materials and workmen. The college is now in The following figures indicate the session, however, with an attendance nUUlerical growth of the Sunday of 150 students, and step by step School Movement from 1905 to difficulties are being overcome. 1918: The Girls' School also has an Number of Schools . . . . 86 167 190 .attendance of 150,· or more. There .. Teachers .•. 258 740 1520 are also nearly 300 orphans, about equally divided between Armenians " Scholars …. 3800 7832 14215 and Greeks, cared for on the prem- . ises under Relief auspices. Beside t New Leper Asylum these' some Christian girls rescued from Moslem homes have certain ANEW leper asylum was opened lessons. A group of nearly 40 work- ing boys attend an evening school. at Cuttack, Orissa province; – in In addition there are more than·6OQ November last. The institution COvers .young persons. now under. instruc- forty-one acres' and, has an abun- tion in.the American premises at dance of pure water. The buildings Marsovan, almost as large an, attend- are of brick, with tiled roofs and ance as· at any time before the war. cement floors. The men's wards ac- commodate 150 patients, and women's wards in another compound provide for 80 lepers. Two observation . wards will care for 20 incipient Cases and in addition there are· hospitals for men and _women, a dispensary, an ·insane. ward, a shop and splendid quarters for the asylum staff. ' .

For the 6,500 lepers in the Orissa district, there have been only two

1920J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

small asylums, one at Puri and one Siang, proves how undying is the at Sam!>aJ.pur. "seed of the Word." As a YQI.mg Scudder Memorial Hospital lad, Ai Siang heard of the Gospel through Dr. McGilvary, but not long 'T'EN years ~ the descendants of afterward the French government barred all Protestant missionary work .1 Dr. John Scudder planned for a hospital in India to his memory. from Kamoo territory. The last at- As a result, there is now $18,000 in tempt of Christian missionaries to hand, and the British Government in reach there was made in 1904, India will add an equal amount. Two and was not successful. Many desirable pieces of property have been Kamoos have remained Christian at purchased at Ranipet, and on De- heart, giving each other encourage~ cember 11, 1919, the cornerstone of ment as opportunity offered, and Ai the new hospital was laid, with ap- Siang has become their leader. His propriate ceremony and feasting, the trips to Siam have added to his latter so necessary to the Indian idea Christian knowledge, and he is hop- of such functions. Mrs. John Scud- ing and praying that now that the der, who first sailed for India 59 war is over Christian missionaries years ago, laid the cornerstone. may be allowed to visit his people.

With his meager understanding of SIAM AND MALAYSIA the Bible, he has nevertheless held An Indnstrial Venture up the light of the Gospel, in the THE American Pre s by t erian midst of dark superstition. Church has an industrial plant at Lakawn, Siam, for tanning hides Mission Schools in Singapore G and manufacturing leather goods. OVERNMENT reports show that This work is the product of a mis- in Singapore out of every seven sionary with a vision, two tubs and boys learning English five are sent a few knives, supplemented by some to mission schools, compared with directions from an American firm. two to government schools. In the Not o?ly is leather made here, but case of girls the proportion is even from It come shoes, bags, harness, larger, five being educated in mission saddles, belts, etc. It was necessary schools to everyone girl in a govern- to put this work on a commercial ment school. Yet the yearly grant basis, . so the "Lampong Industrial to mission schools, is one-fifth the Company, Ltd., was formed, the amount allowed government. schools.

Presbyterian Mission retaining one- Would it not be a better policy on third interest in the company. The the part of the government to pay enterprise is entirely self-support- more regard to the wishes of the ing. Orders are not filled outside parents by so largely raising the of Siam because the local market government grants to mission schools absorbs all the output and clamors as to enable them to continue the for more. work?

The business is run according to The Mission Field.

Christian principles, and fashions not only good l~ather but good character. CIllNA lIfedical Coedncation olChlnese. Women A Kamoo. Lnmberjack SOMEWHAT startling innova~ A PEOPLE known as Kamoos of A animistic. belief are scattered over· in' the adoption of coeducation for tion has been instituted in China the mountains of Siam, .• Burma, medical students. This policy, re- French Indo-China and Southwestern cently' put in operation at Peking China. Migratory groups of Kamoo Union Medical College, may also be men work in the teak forests of . adopted .in thepropose.d. Shanghai northern Siam. Cne of these, Ai Medical School. The China ,Medical

BOard estimates that the actual cost • Ready' to AcCept· chrIStianity P ra- ~OTINGFU was martyr ground and per' family; even, for inexperiented . In the Boxer days .of 1900. physicians their assistants who day there is a mighj;y sweep towa1;d go out from America to teach in its the Christian Church,' and 2500 permedicaJ schools, is between $4000 sonS have asked to be enrolled as a~d $5000 a year gold. . This is an inquirers-so many that the native pastors are compeIied to hold them interesting contrast to the. amount back, and are accepting only the most promising citizens of villages paid to missionary families, which is and towns.

less than half this sum. The cost of maintaining the Peking Medical College is about $600,000 a year, although there are only seven in the lJandits Free Dr. Shelton entering class. The expense involved and the comparatively few THE State Department has re- Chinese women who have the neces- ceived word from Peking that sary preparation to undertake the Dr. A. L. Shelton, the medical misstudy of medicine led the China sionary of the Disciples, who was Medical Board to make no provision kidnapped by outlaws in Yunna,n at the outset for the medical educa- province, has been released.

tion of women. Dr. Shelton and his family were traveling with an escort of six police Since the reorganization of the and were within two days of their Peking Union Medical College the destination when the party was atconclusion has been reached that tacked by a notorious outlaw named coeducation it) medical schools in Yang Tin Fu, who carried Dr. China is feasible and consequently Shelton away into the hills, but althe trustees have decided to admit lowed Mrs. Shelton and the children women to the pre-medical school. to proceed on their way to Yunnan- Two women are also on the regular fu; scientific staff of the college, one as Every effort was made by General a biologist and the other as a chemist. Tang Chi Yo, the military governor Another will probably be appointed of Yunnan, to obtain the release of to the department of anatomy. Dr. Shelton without taking such The China Medical Board is also measures as would endanger Dr.

interested in the improvement of Shelton's life. The American mili- scientific courses in Ginling College, tary attache was sent by the Amer- Nanking, in Fukien Christian Uni- ican Legation at Peking to Yunnan-fu versity, in St. John's University, to assist in the efforts to obtain Shanghai and elsewhere. There is Dr. Shelton's release.

great need for trained physicians in China, especiaIly for women doc- Chair of Business Administration R tors because of the unwillingness of EALIZING that China's confi- dence in America's friendship Chinese women to consult men physicians. Such women as Dr. Mary has been somewhat impaired by the Stone and Dr. Li Bi Cu are clear treaty of Versailles, the students of evidence of the ability of Chinese Boston University plan to cement women to become excellent physi- friendly relations through educa- cians and surgeons. They should tional, rather than political agencies.

therefore have the opportunity. to The effort is to establish a Boston receive first rate medical training. . University chair of business admin- In order to provide this without istration in Nanking· University, obtaining large sums for new con- which was chosen as the starting stitutions, coeducation is. advocated point for this international coope!~­ by Roger S. preene, resident director tion because it was founded by a in.Ch.ina of the Chi.na Medical Board. graduate of Boston University: .It

is hoped that" the new department to work 'in cordial harmony with die of business administration will fill an established· Boards' of Missions. The urgent demand' fur trained leaders following is the budget 'for the first in China's industrial and economic five years of the work in Japan: .

development. The sum required is FIRST YEAR:"-Central Office -Fukuoka: Five Branch Of- $300,000, and the effort to secure fices _………..•…………$ 65,700 this amount is well under way. .

SECOND YEAR:-Central Of- fices,–Fukuoka and Osaka, JAPAN·CHOSEN Eight Branch Offices …•….$125,900 THIRD YEAR:-Central Of- Christian Workers' Training School fices, Fukuoka and Osaka, Eleven Branch Offices ……..$150,350 AT KARUI?AWA, Japan's famous FOURTH YEA R:-'Central mountain summer resort, a school Offices, Fukuako, Osaka, and is held each summer to give an in- Tokyo: Fourteen Branch Oftensive course in teacher-training to Christian workers. Plans are under fices ………….••……… $225,450 way for the program of the coming FIFTH YEAR :-Central Ofseason. Last summer there were 91 fices,-Fukuoka, .Osaka, and enrolled. In addition to a stiff study Tokyo: Eighteen Branch Ofcourse there were special features, fices …………………..•..$258,050 Total for five years '………. $825,450 such as two "GoodfeJlowship" meet- ings, a reception by the Sunday- Advice to Suicides A school committee, and two sunrise CHRISTIAN Japanese woman of Kobe, Mrs. Jo, maintains a prayer meetings. One of these was held on the top of Mt. Atago, and home for women who find them- the singing of "Holy, Holy Holy," selves in difficulty, victims of un- was heard by the people in the valley wise marriages, country girls alone in the city and others. She calls it the below.

Newspaper Evangellsm "Kobe Woman's Home of Sympathy."

Last year Mrs. J0 began to extend NEWSPAPER and correspondence her helpful service in a new direc- evangelism was begun in Oita, tion. Not far from Kobe is a sea- Japan, in 1912, under the direction of side resort which has attained no- Dr. Pieters of the Japan Mission of toriety from the large number of the Reformed Church in America. suicides which take place there. One In its present stage of development, hundred and seventy-nine were at- the method consists of securing space, tempted last year, the people coming at advertising rates, in the ~dinary from far and near. Mrs. J o's plan secular press; utilizing this to put the is to place large placards here and.

elementary truths and facts of the there in the town which read: "Wait, Christian religion before the reading would-be suicide! Come to me and public; soliciting further inquiry; fol- talk it over." Seven dispirited per- lowing up such inquiry by the dis- sons came within three weeks, and tribution of tracts, the lendin!'r of were turned aside from their purpose books, and by personal interviews; to destroy themselves. .

training the converts ,by correspond- ence study and. organizing such con· AFRICA verts into .groups that form the nu- Togoland Mandate E cleus for Christian Churches. NGLAND has become the manda- Foi' the purpose of interesting the tory Power. for about one-third American public in this work, the of what was the German Colony of ..

"Association for Newspaper Evange- Togoland, the· rest of the colony be- lism" was formed October 9, 1919, ing. joined to the French Colony of and is prepared' to carry on, an active Dahomey.. This new area, which wiU campaign. .It .is the earnest desire presumably fonn part of the diocese of those who . organized this society of Accra, includes the important

town and trading center of Yendi, been composed hy nativechrlstillns, '.

which lies on the principal route from and both Sunday and week dayservthe Gold –Coast to Nigeria, and is ices are crowded with eager listeners.

much frequented by Hausa traders. OBITUARY NOTE This presents an unusual opportunity for Christian missionaries to get into Mrs. George F. H~k or Turke» touch with the Hausas, by far the most important and influential race AFTER· spending over fifty years as a devoted missionary in Tur- key, Mrs. George F. Herrick, who in West Africa. The Mission Field. returned to America with her hus- band a few years ago,. passed away New Cathedral in Uganda at her home in New York on March 'J1HE new Cathedral at Kampala, 26. She was in her eighty-third J. Uganda, is probably the largest year. Mrs. Herrick was a noble Christian Church in Africa. At the representative of New England consecration services which took Christian character at its best. As place last September the vast build- a devoted wife and faithful helper ing was quickly filled, and the throng in all her husband's activities, she outside was estimated at 20,000. The made her home in Turkey a powersinging was led by a large surpliced ful object lesson to all who came into choir of African boys. The follow- it, showing just what a Christian ing Sunday 864 communicants sat home should be. The memory of … her beautiful character and loving down to the Lord's Supper. The First Christian missionaries deeds of kindness remains vividly went to Uganda in 1876. Since that impressed upon the minds and hearts time the number of Christian churches of all who have come in contact with in the Protectorate has grown from her. Many friends in America and Turkey will feel particularly deep one to 2000 ; communicants now sympathy with her aged husband, number 30,000 and baptized Chris- who is left without her companiontians 100,000. The network of ship during the remaining years of schools, all in Christian controlhas extended the· influence of the his life.

Church far beyond its numerical MISSIONARY PERSONALS strength. Uganda has a contribu- Rev. William J. Hutchins, profes- tion to give to the science of missions: sor of homiletics at Oberlin Theo- ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC logical Seminary, 1ms been elected Revival on Nfas Island President of Berea College, Ken- tucky,' in place of Dr. William WTHEN' the fiftieth anniversary of Goodell Frost, who has recently re- W mission work on Nias Island . signed. . . (Dutch East Indies) was celebrated Mrs. William A. Shedd, who spent .in 1915 there were on the island nine years in Persia as a teacher and aeout 18;000 baptized Christians. In missionary, is now in the United two years the number had increased States. Mrs. Shedd led 70,000 Christo 30,000, and there has been noted tians out of Urumia,Persia, just a remarkable spiritual development, before the Turks entered the city in evidenced not so much by' numbers 1918.

as by the impulse to measure up Dr. Thomas F. Cummings, of the life . according to the plumb line Department of Phonetics in the Bible .

standard of Christianity. Stolen Teachers' Training School, New goods ha"e been returned; quarrels York, has gone to Africa under the amicably settled, genuine· repentance auspices. of the Interchurch World thus being proved. The sale of Bibles Movement to make a systematic .and .religious literature has increased. study of the linguistic problems of Hymns with original melpdies have the Dark Continent. -. Hebrew -Christian Publication Society, Inc.

RT. REV. CHARLES S. BURCH, D. D., L. H. D., REV. KENNETH MACKENZIE, , P r• •ld.nt~ Secretal'Y', Westport, Conn.

B. A. M. SCHAPIRO, Manatrine Direetor, WILLIAM W. McALPIN, Too.outer, 1I83 Bibl. House, N. Y. C. 983 Bible Houoe, N. Y. C.

AN OPEN LETTER Dear Friends:- The Ways and Means Committee of the Hebrew-Christian Publication Society seeks the.privilege of addressing you thh open letter: The times have ripened into a great possibility for the accomplishment of the work to which this Society is pledged. The great War has disclosed to Christianity the immense importance of the Jewish problem. Many ·Jews are more ready for the Gospel of our Lord and theirs, than ever since the tragedy of Calvary. They are read- ing our New Testament with open minds; they ere asking sober questions as to the Messiahship of our Christ. This Society possesses in the person of Mr. Benjamin A. M. Schapiro, one eminently qualilled to prepare the kind of literature of which they stand in need. His scholarship in the original tongue; his keen perception of the divine plan of redemption; his acumen for presenting truth directly and forcibly; his intensity of conviction carry his message into the hearts of atl who hear Him or read His writings. Our Society occupies the unique position of issuing literature adapted to the Judaic mind. without cost to those who wish to use it. We are very anxious to extend the work in every possible manner. To this end the Society has been incorporated. Any contribution wiD be gratefully acknowledged by the Treasurer of the Society and also will be reported in the next issue of "The People, the Land and the Book." Yours very truly, KENNETH MACKENZIE, AMBROSE S. MURRAY, JR., WILLIAM W. McALPIN, JAMES WOOD, Ways and Means Committee WHAT EMINENT CLERGYMEN SAY OF OUR TRACTS Robert D. Wilson, Ph. D .. D. D .• Professor of Semitic Languages and Old Testament Criticism at Princeton Theologlcal Semina.ry, who. writing to the Soclety about this tract, says: "1 have just read Mr. Schapiro'. tract on the 'Origin and Slgnl1lcance of Sacrifices.' I believe JESUS AND HIS KINSMEN It is one of the best treaties ever written on the (Second Edition, 50,000) subject. . "Hls Hebrew and Talmudical .texts are well Prof. Luther T. Townsend. D. D" S. T. D., translated and hls argument seems to me very M. V. I .. who has written the Introduction, says: convincing." .

"The follOwing essay by our friend, Mr. B. A.

The People, the Land and the Book, published Quarterly, pocket edition, 3*][6, contains 96 pages.

NO SAMPLE COPIES, as a limited edition is issued. You can, howeveT, secure It pamphlet "The Aim" of the Hebrew-Christian 'PubUcation Society, containing 28 pages, which will give you an excellent idea of the work of the Society.

HEBREW-CHlUSTIAN PUBLlCA.TION SOClE'rY, Inc.

983 BIBLE HOUSE, NEW YORK, N. Y.

The aim of thl. Soclety Is to reach with the Gospel of Christ the IntelJlgent JewB. Also to pubJlsh -and distribute, Bratuitouslv. Christian literature adlPted to the JudaiC mind.. '. I subscribe to the HEBREW-CHRISTIAN PUBLIOATION SOCIETY, the sum of.

Name-Mr., Mrs., Mi…. or Rev, ……… , .. , ………. : …………. , .: ……….. , …….. .-..

Address .. " •. , ………. ", ……. ,., •…•. City.. ; …………………… State………… ..

Not_Contrlbutor. to the work of tlie SOCtety'areentitled to' all publication., Inc1uiUna the .MIIJlaalne, "THE p,EOl'LE,. THE LAND AND. THE BOOK." . ' . .

aa;.YJtI= t!°~e~af:,~~t~ ~ot8b~ m~~~.Afutm:, ~rrg,:.'!t~I~ :~~!>taIn LOrd." (.Jeawr the Ohrlst) (St. Paul) Please me"tioll TIlB HtSSloRAIlY Rl!Vt.w 0. 'fllB WOR~D in .ritinc to ad.-ertisere

World's Sunday School

·HE TEDHNICAL guidance of the Sv.nday-school world T.. movement has been, by the mission and Sunday-school Boards, largely committed to the World's Sunday School Association in the Executive Committee on which these Boards have represen- tatives.

Right Hon. Thos. R. 'Ferens of Hull, England, a .leading 'British statesman and manufacturer, is the President of the Asso- ciation and Hon. John Wanamaker is the Chairman of the Executive , Committee, succeeding the late Henry J. Heinz.

Secretaries are representing this Association in Japan, Korea, China, the Philippines, India, Moslem fields, Europe and South America, some 12 secretaries in all, a totally inadequate force for so great a task and in the face of so great an opportunity.

The new program of the World's Association calls, for an increase in this secretarial force by some fifty trained workers, to man the great centers of China, South America, Europe, and other fields. These secretaries have developed the Sunday-school in a splendid way in every field. , 1. By promoting the production of a Sunday-school lesson lit- erature in the languages and dialects. This includes graded lesson literature in China and Japan and the adaptation of the uniform lessons to the needs of particular fields through wise illustration and the aid of native helpers.

2. A rich technical literature for the training and help of native Sunday-school iWorkers has been produced. This consists of a translation into the dialects of the best of American and English Sunday-school books, and the encouragement of native Sunday School material. The translations now number 162,—,say in Arabic 25, Spanish 16, Japanese 35, Chinese 35, Korean 11, Philip- pine dialects 20, Portuguese 20.

3. The introduction into Christian schools and theological seminaries of the Sunday-school courses to develop the native leadership and the suggestion of Sunday-school libraries for such institutions.

4. The promotion of Sunday-school institutes at city centers and summer schools for the training of a leadership. Notable illustrations of these can be found at Karuizawa, Japan and Kuling, China. Correspondence reading and itinerary courses are common by these secretaries.

5. The development of evangelism through the work of the Sunday-school teachers and the training in such service of the 'adults in organized Bible classes.

6. The raising of, the efficiency in Sunday-school organization through the standardizing of schools and the recognition of the attainment of· these standards. The gradual departmentalizing of the schools is going on in the larger centers.

z

ABINGDON RELIGIOUS EbUCATION

D…VID G. DOWNEY, Gen…1 Editor NORM…N E. RICHAIlDSON, …..ocl.t. Editor THE~~ELIGIOUS.MOTIVE IN AMEJUCAN EDUC~TIONI One. of ¢e greatest immediate, needs in American education. is that ~hers ~t"~etill¥>n come to have an intelligent appreciation of the aims and techniquc of' pitblic schQQ1..educa- tion and that public school teachers Jearn how to take into account the religious mOtives of their'pupifs..American fDemocracy cannot find a secure foundation in two separate and tnutually f;xclusiv~ systems of education. The church school teacher wh~ is ignorant, or antagonistic in his attitude toward the public school cannot make his full contribution to the welfare of the nation: The pablicschool teacher who ignores the religious motive' in the pupils ~ot:bring his work to its highest success. What is needed is that both have a vision of the common task, Several of the Abingdon Religious Education texts ~il be purposefully adapted to the needs of oUr secondary schools.

It is believed t!Uit this six-fold standard consistently maintained gives to the Abingdon Texts in Religious Education distinctness of character and suitability for use in the COM- MUNITY SCHOOLS OF RELIGIOUS EDUCATION AND IN WEEK-DAY SCHOOLS OF RELIGION. .

COMMUNITY,' TRAINING, SCHOOL SERIES During the next decade American Communities In ever Increasing numbers will launch gyst8ms of NOJUIAN E. RICHARDBON, Bd/Im WEEK-D'"Y SCHOOLS OF RELIGION.

The rapid development of COMMUNITY The Abingdon Texts for WEEK-D'"Y SCHOOLS OF RELIGIOUS EDUC…TION h88 SCHOOLS OF RELIGION are being prepared made,neOOssaz.y the creation of a special series of by competent" writers who understand the partictexts. No such school can do Its best work with- ular needBof thls tYPe of school 'and who have out suitable text-books. TWa Is particularly true crea.tlve power In producIRg ,pupu:…text-booka., 01 achoolB that hate as their aim the training of teachers of reUgion. One of the most pOtent fac- Llst 01 titles on request. tors In meJdng the class-room hour a time of en- Ifghtenment and of inspiration is a commo!} ral- GARY LEAFLETS lying point of thlnklng on the part of both puplhJ and reachers-the Wlligned lesson in a trustworthy Lealon Cou,tHa for Week…Oa,. Religioua text. Instruction "OW TO TEACH RELICION a The work of WEEK-D"'Y RELIGIOUS EDU- Principles and Methods ~ C…TION is practically new Ileld. Whlle per- Btl GJI08QB HBltBl!IRT BATr8 manent texts are being prepared we recommend the use of the Gary LeatIets. In the arrange- Professor of ReIlgious Education, Northwe..tern ment of theseleBBons the llUrpose is to give help University. born of five years' experience In Gary and e1Be- where, in actually teaching the le380ns. The UmQ, eM page.. 'Cloth, Net 111.1115;' po.tage 10e. Gary school system is not essential to the plan. A church or community with any lluWic school Llst of other titles on reqnest~ system whatever can use these ,lessons -satis* factorily. WEEK-DAY SCHOOL SERIES GROUP I-YE…R I-Including children from QIOltGJl HmBBIIRT BIl'l"TS, C(M)perating Author Grades 1 and 2.

The next great forward step in American Edu- GROUP II~YEAR I'-Including children from cation is the establishment of WEEK-D"'Y Grades. a I'nd 4. SCHOOLS OF RELIGION. Already experiments have l;leeIi ma.de with marked "uccess in . GROYP III-YEAR ,I-;Including children Gary, Ind.; Toledo. 0.; Van Wert, 0.; Batavia, from Grades 5 and 6. 111.; New York City, and ma.ny other important centers. The movement has the active support GROUP IV-YEAR I -'Including children of the most progressive public school leaders. from Grades 7 and 8 of the public schools. The church school with its one short session a week, Is confessedly inadequate to the task. For further lnformaiion address THE ABINGDON PRESS," 1SO Fifth Avenue New York Please mention Till; MISS[ONARY RJ:vuw 01" 1'U WORLD in writing to- advertisers

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SpeCial Slides made from any Copy.

Catal~es and Trial Terms mailed upon request.

THE MANUFACTURERS VICTOR ANIMATOGRAPH COMPANY· (IneorpoTated) 216 Victor BId…. DAVENPOR~, IOWA ~oDtgommery VVard REA,D rHE NEW BOOK, & Company By.T. M. STANFIELD. .' Manufacturers and Elporters : .of General Merchandise CHRIST'S SECOND GOMING Have ratered to the requir~nt. of "This little brochure is a fine showing MissiollSriet in all partt of the world. for O'er 23 years. of the Post-Millennial view of the Second You are Invited Coming of our Lord. The author, by a {uD appeal to Scripture, demolishes the to write for a copy or OUf larre Catalog main positions. and riddles with grape-. of genemi Merchandise and our speclal shot the outworks of the Pre-Millennial advocates. Missionary Circular "For a brief. clear. sane and satisfac- We guarantee safe delivery anywhere tory treatment of the subject discussed.

MONTGOMERY WARD & COMPANY this compact hooklet is equal to the Mlaaionary Bu~u' best."- TA. CAr{,lian Inl.lligene.., CHICACO, ILL. PRICE 35 CENTS PUBLISHED AND SOLD BY J. M. STANFIELD Cleveland, Tennessee.

Please mention THJC M1SSI.ONARY REvlI';w OF '1RB WOltLU in writing to advertisers

XIII

Interchurch World Movement of NqrthAmerica .,.,.

SPECIAL ANNOUNCEMENTS: ,- ~.~ THE CHURCH AND THE COMMUNITY, By Ralph E. Dilfendorfer.

A Study Book for the Ghurche.. . '., .,.

Since the Great War ended, many que.tlons have beeD. asked concerning the relatloD of the Church to the Community. New con.ditio.e and Dew. problems, calHni for ~::~:~itj:Dc80::!~:J~~~~~:r8!i:: "~:~:::ni~;8Li;!'~:'E'::::m¥!I!~:':8~'~ ,1'C:!~i;! ative Movements," "Homes and Houslbgl' and 4·CoDlfllunity Leaderahipa" Price, cloth, 75 cents; paper, 50 cents; postpaid. (Ready in April) THE NEAR EAST: CROSSROADS OF THE WORLD.

By William H. Hall, of the Syrian Protestant College, Beltut.

The story of the Near East up to date; Ua history, geography, re]{111on~ education, 'abd' .lplratloBs. The outatandlbll study book of the ye-ar oD~ecotl8truction problem.. ia Egypt, Syria, ASia Minor, and Persia. Dr• .lames L; Barton, of the Near East Relief, conttibutes a final chapter, analysln, the complex political and religious situaflon which I. of vital concern to America. Mapa and IUuatratlona. . Price, clotb, 75 cents; paper, 50 cents; p08tpald, (Ready. In ApdJ) .

FRANK HIGGINS: THE TRAIL BLAZER. By Rev. Thomas D. Whittles.

. The .ti~ng story of Frank Higgins, pioneer in Christian work 'am~ng the lumberjacks of the North. This book, wtitten by a frle~d of many years, abounds in' entertain- ina anecdote. Price, cloth, 75 cents; paper 5. cents; postpaid. {Ready in Aptil) A BETTER WORLD. By Tyler Dennett.

:t::fc:!' ~::I:::!:~n~rO~:lk8rtfu~~~:!i::itt~::~:::1~~!~i:~~"e p~:~~c::~:~~~~, h,:it~ view to interpreting, In this book, the meaniDg for the Missionary MovemeDt of t~e decisioDs there reacbed. A book for dilcusaion troups..- Price, cloth, $1.50;- p'aper, 75 cent.; postpaid. (Ready Now) . < Order from your Denominational Boord, or from the i ; ''::~l<' ;U'.':{t", -: . '" ~ '.,,1; , .

Interchurch World Movement ofNol'th America New Y~rk City 45 West 18th Street . SALES DEPARTMENT o .,; ,,2: LIFE ANNUITY BONDS _ of the BOARD OF FOREIG~ :MISSIONS land the BOARD OF HOME MISSIONS AND CHURCH EXTENSION of the METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH~are Safe In Secure a ane a tisfactory ubstantial ORDER tatement imple. TO end to Geo~e M. Fowles, Treasurer of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 150 Fifth Avenue, New York City, or W. J. Elliott, Treasurer of the Board of Home Missions and Church Extension of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 1701 Arch Street, Philadelphia, Pa.

Please mention TH~ MISSIONARY R1£VIltW OF ,!H~ WORLD i~ wri~ing to advertisers

Your Ground. SUNDAY.SCHOOL LANTERN

AND MOTION l'ICTURES BY ERECTING DODSON BIRD HOUSES THE An interesting set of lantern slides has been prepared entitled "Sunday-schools in , 'King's Business" Many Lands." After &howing pictures of 1.( FOR ALL BIBLE LOVERS some of the business men of prominence I'

Livest Bible Study'Magazine in who are officers in ihe World's Sunday the Field for Home, Church, School Association the slides take the and Sunday School audience to Honolulu, Japan, Korea, China, Philippine Islands, Moslem lands, LIFE ~::li:~1s GROWTH Australia, Europe and South America. Sunday-school- work in these countries i~ This magazine has doubled its SUbscription vividly portrayed and efficient work i!' list and almost doubled again in 18 months. shown which is not equalled on the home fields. These pictures always stimulate to IT'S DIFFERENT b~tter work in ,the home land where con- ditions are much less difficult to over- In these days of hustle you want something right come. Convention pictures are shown in to the point. It must be true to the Word. It Manila, where 5,500 were present; in must be a real help to an understanding of the Tokyo of 12,500 and in Seoul of 15,000. Word. Well-here you have it. People Say The The attendance at the Buffalo Convention King's Business is the best value for the money of the International Sunday School, Asa.nd more to the point than any other similar sociation, represent;ng North America, N~~!!CtJ!t:::;'so.write for sample and see if you. was less than 3,000. Editoria.ls-Bij:>le Studies-Sunday School Las- Three reels of moving picture!' portray ~~lJ.!t ~~~~~rt RI'b~~"i"o~~ead- Sunday-school life and scenes giving de- lightful local color in Japan, Philippine Only $1.00 a Year. Foreign $1.24 Islands and Buenos Air~s. The one on Japan introduces to a day in the life of Club rate. to Sunday Schools Sayo-chan, " little Sunday-school girl, and it is fascinating to watch her place her Bible Institute of Los Angeles lesson impression for the day on the blackboard as she draws the eros!' above 540 S. Hope Stl'eet Lo. Angeles, California Mt. Fujiyama, the sacred mountain of Japan. In the Philippine reel numerous schools are shown including the barrios. The 5,500 delegates to that convention come in {)n a special train and march to the ball park. Native games are played for the camera and Rev. J. L. Mc- Laughlin, the Sunday-school Secretary, is seen as he itinerates by at~o and boat. The South American' reel portrays actual SundaY-&ehool work; classes are' seen in session.. parades are shown and afternoon tea is not omitted.

These slides and reels can be rented. A lecture' accompanies the slides. The reels are" fully -titled. Write to. the , Word's Sunday School Association, 216 Metropolitan -Tower, New York City.

Please mention THlC MISSIONARY RltVIltW OF 'rlut WORLD in writing to advertisers

Map Why Not Learn

to teach _While Learning Showing-the What to Teach? Unevangelized Regions You can. You can have the expert help of OF THE WORLD ·a teacher of teachers, .on every .weelt's Sun- day School lesson, in learning a fundamentSl as exhibited at the Pastors' teaching principle, illustrated and applied in Conferences, suitable for use in teaching that very Jesson. Churches, Sunday Schools, Mission Rooms This unique le~n help appears every week Size 41×77 inches in The Sunday School Times .exclusively.

It is prepared by Prof. Charles Calvert Ellis, A. M., Ph. D., Vice-President and Professor of Education of Juniata College, at Hunting- don, Pa. '

Printed in three colors PRICES You will find your Bible study and teach- ing made easier and more in~resting as. yon On Paper (cash with order) $2.00 On Cloth (cash with order) 5.00 follow and use the sound "learning and teach- ing" principles in this easily used fonn by 6e whose lifework is !!ducation-but educa- tion in the service of Him whom he rejoices to mIl Saviour and Lord.

Stereopticon Every iaaue of the Sun.day School Time. con… tains thirteen other unique helps on the Int..– AND !'e-:e:n:!~~l:::ddt~~~~o~ft~~ao&i:!~e w~id~ I Motion Picture Machines graded for different aps,_ yet bindin.. the elltire home and echool'togClther in. Bible study. But a1l this Is ill only one department of FOR Thousands of readers take the paper for its Editorials and Open Letters, its masterly . Church, School articles on Archaeology, Missions, Ways of or Comr.nunity Ceqtera Worki?g; and its spiritual food anfl Victori- ous Life mess'.'ge,s.

We are prepared to furnish motion Remember also that Tlte· Sunday School picture machines or stereopticons Times and its writers believe anti. leach the for use in church, parish houSe or whole Bible as the. inspired, infallible Word school. . .. of God, and the shed blood of Jesus as the only but sure way of salvation. .

If interested, write for suggestions Our "Get-Acquaint~d" Off~r and information. We are in a position to advise as to the type of . 10 Weeks for 2S Cents equipment best suited for your needs. . The Sunda)" SchOol Timet CompanJ .74 1031 Walnut St.. Philadelphia, Pa.

INTERCHURCH WORLD For the 25 cents enclosed please send The MOVEMENT Sunday School Times for 10 weeks to OF NORTH AMERICA Name…………………………………..• SALES DEPARTMENT Address…………….•…… :………… , ..• 4SWeat 18thStreet, NEW YOIU{,N.Y.

•i.• Please mention THIt MISSIONARY R~vuw 011' 'rHIt WORLD in writing to advertisers

New Ferrum Traim.ng

Spring Bo'oks THE Virginia Conference of the The Hall With Doors-A Methodist Episcopal C h u r c h, South, and the Woman's Missionary Vocational Story Society of the same denomination By Louise S. Hasbrouck have united in building the Ferrum, Virginia, Training School for young Which door to life? College? Busi- people in the mountainous and rural ness? Social Work? Home? A sections of Virginia who are beyond group of normal fun-loving girls the reach of any school worthy of( form the V. V. Club to find out. the name. This school thus offers Did they open the right doors out an opportunity for Christian educa- of the Hall of Girlhood on to the tion to those who have few privileges way of achievement? This is a or none. No pupils are charged book for which mothers and more than $100 a year, including teachers have long Iceen waiting tuition, room and board, but the to put into the hands of their greater number pay no fees. All girls. Postpaid, $1.60. the work of the School is done by the students, and everything possible Tama-The Diary of a Japanese is done for the development of Christian character. School Girl During the summer months ex- By Florenc~ Wells tension schools in communities with- out any educational privileges have Tama as a book is unique. At resulted in the opening of several the same time it is op.e of. the branch schools. most delightfully amusing and human little stories ever pub- French Equatorial Africa lished. The quaint 'pidgin' Eng- lish in which it is written will A COMMITTEE from the Presby- cause gales of merriment when terian mission station of Elat re- read aloud. This story from the cently went to Yaounde, 130 miles to heart of a little Japanese gir' will the northeast, to look over possible appeal to young and grown"ups sites for a new station. They re- alike. Postpaid S5c. . tun,ed enthusiastic and eager to be- gin work. Yaounde is a large govern- The Inch Library ment station which has been chosen as the place for the new capital of Inches I. II. III. French Equatorial Africa, and with the palace of the goven,or general The girl's literary needs have and all the other necessary govern- been condensed to a few inches, ment buildings it is destined to be- but in these inches there is a come an important town. The place wealth of spiritual counsel and is situated on the border line be- practical information about tween the forest country and the things at home and abroad. In- grass country, and although the ches I, II Boxed, 60c. Inch III people speak a different tongue they Boxed 75c. Postpaid 7c. addit- can understand Bulu well enough iOlla!. for the missionaries to use Bulu until they themselves can learn The Girl's Year Book Yaounde. Some thoughts, prayers an.d The missionaries are 'gratified with Bible. reading-s for every day in the year. "Original in concep- the firm stand of the French Govern- tion, attractive in form and a.e- ment on the liquor question in Africa. vout in spirito" Postpaid 70c. There is very little dJ;inking of in- toxicants among the natives, for the BOOKSHOPS EVERYWHERE government absolutely prohibits im- ported intoxicants for the native or Africans, and it is the expectation that these imported liquors will soon THE WOMANS PRESS be prohibited to the white traders and . government officials also. en .60O'LeuilitonA"V ue,New York City Please mention TUll MISSION.ABY RiVIJ£W OF THE WOILD in writing to advertisers Just DORAN Out For the Ambitious BOOKS Though Busy Bible Student TALKS TO SUNDAY SCHOOL TEACHERS Luther A. Weigle Tha accomplished author of "The Pupil and the Teach- Dictionary er" canies on in this new volume a continuation of his . OF sldJltul treatment of teaching problems. The newer,Padl'IIlO!!ical ideals a.re presented in .uggestlve and inspll"ing The' Bible ,hapters. Net. $1.25 THIRD REVISED EDITION INTHE MENACE of IMMORALITY By JOIlN D. DAVlB. Ph.D.. D.D.. LL.D.. with the co-operation of B. B. WARFUtLD, D. D •• LL. D., and ih8 CHURCH and STATE late GEOliGE T. PURVES. D. D .• LL. D. The Bible student who cannot alford the time Or Reo. John R. Straton, D.D~ money to avail Wmself of the many volumes that PfUJtor~ Calvary Baptist Chureh, NelD York might enrich Ws work will find in this dictionary Is America being destroyed like Ancient Greece and ~~';'~llIfn}g~!'t~~n intobr:~~~S"::i~~i":i.!:l: Roma by Immorality? Is the startling question raised by Dr. St;raton. Illustrated. Net. $1.75 acce.ors. -The past years ha.ve witnessed a number of historica.l and geographical discoveries in Bible INTERVENTION IN MEXICO la.nds-, and the results of these discoveries are Included. Samuel Guy Inman All Those Who Enjoy An authorlta.tlve work. tells the -general reader what he most wants to know about this puzzling question. Offers a constructive program for the solution of the Amerlca.n-Mexican problem. Net. $1.50 A BETTER WORLD Tyler Dennett Author 0/ uThe Democratic Movement in. A.siG,/' etc..

TWs accomplished traveler. writer and social science investigator gives us a review of the world's religjoUB resources and their application to the realization of delightful characterdemocr..tic idealB. Net. 51.50 "This dJetlonary comes . ization of Biblical about as nearmeetlng the persons . and clear, NEW FURROWS IN OLD brief resumes of doc.. needs of the rank and :Die trine will welcome FIELDS William C. Covert, D.D. of our Sunday school tws book. teachers sa any volume of . A book of reasoned optimism. tranquil faith nnd un- 1ts ldnd. with whtch we FuJl page halfdaunted conviction. which proscribe3 applied 'Christian.. are acquainted. It is up- tones of ..actual pict- Ity as the one remedy for all our present-day social and to–date without beingrad.. ures of the more im- Industrial ills. Net. $1.50 tear- and while &lving the malD facts fn regard to ~~~t .r~t'i~; ~~~~ APT ILLUSTRATIONS FOR Bible charactert'll, places. and events. ita treatments the book very atpUBLic ADDRESSES &AI Bot so lull as to make It iml)Ol"81ble I for· bUSY tractive~ men and women to read A. Bernard Webber them. n_.'.?#1lJ1a1l SChool Maqaztnt.

A notable collection of fresh. original incidents covering Special attention Row A a wide range of subjects. Net. $1.50 is given to the .pell- TO ADYERTIt;E ing and ~~nunciation of proper names.

CHURCH E. E. Elliot We do not believe "We eoD8!der this one that any better dic- of the most satisfactory A practical band-book on Church publicity. Tells how, tionary of the Bible dlctlonarles In pr:!nt. It; wben and where.to ad verti>;e all the departments and can be found for the Is rEB.lly B dictionary of a.ctlvities of the local church. Net. $1.50 money. the Bible, and not ot things about the Bible. A NATIONAL SYSTEM OF It is su:fllclent for The UlU8tratlons 8l'8 real the needs of the Wustratfolll. and not EDUCATION Prol. W. S. Athearn average Bible stu- 'might be Imaglna~OD8' of dent and Christian """'" lehlle mInded orUst. Pra.ctical plans for a nation-wide advanre in religiou. worker and also min- When YOU look for infor– education. Net. $1.58 Isters who do not matlon It Is to be found. care to invest a large We know of no diction- THE U~E OF THE STORY sum of money in a ary btJtter suited to the work 01 several vol- work: of the Bible student IN REL claus EDUCATION umes. and the Bible teacher. to -Tl'ie lUU,tou, World.

Margaret W. Eggleston .It i. attractiyel" bound in·three .tyles: A l'OOOI!lIlZed expert te1B how to use tbe story on all occasions. Net, $1.50 C;oth, $3.00, postpaid THE CASE ACAINST SPIRIT- Half Leather, 3.75. po.tpaid 6.00, postpaid UALISM' Jane T. Stoddart Full Morocco, Hu so completely met the demand for a work that Order a copy tfHlay, from. our neare.t house. successfully controverts the teachings of revived Spiritualism that.. new edition has boon qwcldy called for. 11 neCUBQTY, the book will be ..ent on flPP""'fJl.

It!'e'f~~itis:.,~;t'ilJi'i:'.''The book Is m a. cl;:t~~1.~~ Presbyteriiul Board of Publication GEORGE H. DORAN COMPANY (THE WESTMINSTER PRESS) H••4•••rt…. PHILADELPHIA, WkJ…_n Bid,.

244 Madison Ayenue New York New York Chi~ Cincinnati Nashville.. St. LouIs SaD Francisco Pittsburgh . Publishers hi ~erica for Hodder &: Stoughton Please mention THJt MISSIONARY R"E;VlF:W OP THE WORLD in writing to advertisers

XVIU

HELP FOR THE MISSIONARY COM~ MTTEE By Frank L. Brown, Brooklyn. New York The Missionary Committee, ~p­ pointed by the Bushwick Avenue Methodist Sunday School Board, were young people eager to do some- The thing worth while. But how? Too Wonderful often we appoint committees and then Acousticon With' the Smaller Ear Piece turn them loose without chart, com- Will Make You Hear pass, steering .gear or cargo, and service possibilities go to waste.

To avoid this mistake we appro- =:w !!an!: There is no longer any need for you to hear imperfectly. priated money from the regular funds for f'training to hear or being conspicuous in any way. Over (not from the missionary gifts) for :::~~:rtJ:O::f~:f cie:~ti:~ i:h~ the purchase of an outfit. With this better. and JUflt as strong as ever. l'housands. of enthusiast·io money th~ bought books, including: Acousticon users have' te8tifiedto lbe wonderful resulls obtained from i~. and we feel safe in urging every pemon who is Graded Missionary Programs, by hard of hearing to …,ept wilbout a penny of expen80 and enlilrly at our risk the Anita Ferris.

Famous Acousticon Graded Missionary Education. in For 10 Days' FREE TRIAL the Church Sch.wl" 'by Frededca NO DEPOSIT-NO EXPENS& Beard.

All we ask is that yOll give it a fair trial in your own home Missionary Methods' for Sunday amid £ami1i~ surroundings. If it does not .ma.ke you hear, we want it baCk without a cent ol e:a:pense to you for the trial. School Workets" by Trull. because we know it is good husin9 policy to have none but satisfied and enthusiastic Ctultomere-that'. the. only kind we Five Missionary Minutes, by Trull. now have. Write. fer your PREE TIllAL tod.,_ Missionary Education of Juniors, . Dictograph Products Corporation by Hutton. .

1447 Candler Building, New York Missions in the Sunday School, by Hixon: 1,'hings to Make,' by Hutton.

All of this was to inform the com·'

HARTFORD_ mittee as to principles and plans for w. Douglas Mackenzie President missionary work- and their applica- tion to the various departmenfs or classes of the school. , To put missions into the real life Theological Seminary of the school through eye gate and Dean.M. W.Jacobus ear gate, the committee ordered: School of Religious Pedagogy The Missionary Review of the Dean. E. H. Knight World ($2.50 a year). .

Kennedy 'School of Missions The World Outlook ($2.00 ayear). i)ean,E. W. Capen Everyland (for Juniors) ($1.50 a year) ..

China was selected as the subject of the first monthly program.' So Through these associated schools Hart- from the 1llagazines they cut the ford offers full training for: pictures of Chinese subjects, pinned 1. The Christian ministry. or pasted these on cardboards, mak- Z. The w~le field of religious. edu- ing one or more sets for each depart- cation. ment. For the beginners and pri- maries, they arranged pictures of 3. The foreign field. child life in China; for the juniors.

pictures of. boys and girls in. their Each School has its independent faculty week' day or school activities: for and j~ own instituti~n31 life• .md together the intermediates, pictures of mis- they form one interdenomiDational insti- 'sionaries or. I).;itive leaders or $C.r- tution 'with the 'unity of common aim vice activities; for the seniors and and spirit. ' adults illustrations of educational in- Please DltAfioa TH. MISS10M:ARY. R.v~.w ~:r 'tH. WORI.D in writing to advertisers A Music Question AnsqJered Are there any new relisious songs PUBLIC that grapple the vital problems of the Church in this day of reconstruction?

" Yes; such songs will be found in a book just olI press entitled HYMNS FOR TODAY SPEAKING edited by J. H. Fillmore and a number FREE orlY:!~~ ~ff~~-!~r oN::ti;~!ar:'iif~never 1:rt:: of experts in hymnology. It is a general purpose hymnal for the use of Graded if you take advantage of it. Ten lessons in Sunday SchoQls, Churches, Social and Patriotic Meetings. ~~b;~ox!Pd;~in~ea:~~te~s f:~ra~ordI!:; Jt~~ The price of the present edition is to intro1uce our wonderful course in localities $75 per hundred. Future editions sub- where it is DOt already known. ject to change in price. Sample copy sent for examination. We teach you, by mait~ to become a· xowerful A complete Orchestration is being ::~ ~:~:~fi~e t~~~ioa:sd :fe::::r~:ne:~rna:: prepared which will add greatly to the effectiveness of the music.

Books for individual orchestra instruments may be had.

Fillmore Music House, S27ElmSt., audience of a thousand. We have trained hun.. dreds and helped them to increase their earnings and their popularity. Learn Ifn4sytaogue-rfrslpgahtr'e~ tiamned· at home, how to overcome CINCINNATI, OHIO. conquer fear of others; how to. enlarge your vo- cabulary; how to deveio~ 8elf-confid~ce_ and the ih:l~~eif ol;a~:~~hi~Jeec~w a:n!P~ow o~~e~~a'~ your memory. Our NEW,· EASY METHOD p_erfected and taught by Prof. R. E. PattisOll Klin~. former ilean of the Public SpeakingDepart' Old Bibles ment of the Columbi~ ColI"ll"e of Expression. call Re-Bound be learned in IS minutes a day. Prof. Kline is one of the foremost authorities in the country on Haven't you often wanted that old public speaking and mental development. Do. not Bible" re-bound~that old Bible with all u':!a.x. and miss this opportunity of a Iifetime~ ita associations and sentiment ~ You oner Llmlled.-Send No Monq This Special Offer of tell lessons free is made ha'Ye wondered where you could have strictly for advertising purposes and will be withthe work done and perhaps you have drawn without notice. Write now. before it ex~ thought the price would be prohibitive. pires, and receive full particulars with enrollment by return mail. Just tear off and mail free cou- The rebindinll of Bibles requires the work- pon-or a postal. . man.hip and ••rvice. of men who have made a specialty of tm. kind of work. You can • • • • • In.tilute, ZOOS Manhattan BId… Claie..,.' have your Bible expertly rebound in leather or cloth. Send This Send me your Bible by parcel post insured Free Lesson Coupon – I will I.nd you an estimate of the cost NORTH AMERICAN INSTITUTE, .ubject to your approval before the work is ZOOS M~nhaH.D Bid,., Cua,_, ilL I am interested in your course done. Public Speaking and ;rour offer R. H. HOWLAND 156 Fifth Ave.. New York f~ra'cesP=:S:n~~~n~~bf~:ff!!~t any Please mentilih Tn M.SSIOIfARY ~VlIIW o. YHC WOIU.D in writing to ad",,~era HELP FOR THE COMMITl'EE [Continued from Paf!e ~iii For my sermons, I use stitutions, medical and social service work. These subJects were arranged the large, bold type. with the titles. Then,by "Just turning the knob" t~. ~ Helpful hints as to the program on China and the use of the material t1j~' ,8 ulli6. ~Ol' … were found in the Best Methods 91'~~te 00l'l'e8~O~~e~o •• Department and elsewhere in the ~y 8M"da, School .otic Missionary Review of the World. Each number of the REVIEW abound- ed in fresh incidents and facts from all parts of the mission field. These incidents were cut out and arranged in a missionary scrap book so that those relating to each country were put in their appropriate place ready for use. For this reason two copies of each number of the REVIEW are necessary.

In Everyland was found the touch for the Elementary Department in pictures and story. George H. Trull's "Five -Missionary Minutes" also fur- IIMany TYp'eUJriter6ln On~' nished program material.

Would yu like to know ..hit the One thing mor~ waS needed, name- ~J'!:~•• :i,,':'..~~is ;:g.l.':~-;t~ ly to give a mission land flavor In lour w….d.: , by costuming one of the scholars in the garb of a Chinese boy or girl so- Beeau•• of It. v.r••tUlty_ that the' penple': woul'd'b-e visumized'

The Multiple" Hammond does as the story was told. The Mission- ~~!:F!!.i~":. 8~:-u ~¥f:''i't~ ~ ary Education Movement and. several loIob" you caD change rrom one ortyle Church Mission Boards rent cos- _;u… … of type. or trom (IDe language, to an… oth….. Note the above specimen tumes, or they can oe made and saved (1lIldItly reduced) aU 1M for, futqre occasions.' , ,,: SAME: macAi",. . '.

No Other Typewriter C.,n Do'Thl. For the second month, the North American Indian was the subject No matter ..AD you …….."… you and was dealt with In the same way. are, or CDM,., you are. the MultIple" In the Intermediate Department when Hammond I. the a girl dressed as an Indian told the wrItlnio: IIl&ChlDe story of an Indian girl, the whole de- ror YOU. Malt partment listened breathessly. the coupon tor rree rolder. An Indian vilhlge of cardboard was used in the primary class. Also a PORTABLE Model In this way each field was taken F,uIJ capacity. Weight about 11 POun<H. up in turn, the foreign alternating ASk ror special raider. Mailed tree. with the home field. At the "end of Inquire .bout apeel.l terma the year all of these pictures were to prof.alonal. assembled in one room, with such other missionary 'material as added ____________ '1!r- ,."LJ.r____________~ picturesqueness to the effect. 'The Sunday $chool Committee told of its " THE HAMMOND TYPEWRITER CO. work for the year.

5,77 Ea•• 89th St., N… York CIty. Children and young people so im~ PI_ send tree Fold…. to: pressed ~~e missionary givers and _ N~e. __________________ workers worthy 'of a pla<;e in the world's program of tOiIlorrow. ' Ad~_ _- _ – – – – – . . , .

__ ~P.U~~,~———- ~- Pleas. mention THE MISSIONARY ltBvmw or, THB- WORLD in writiDJ 'to" advertls.~, _ _ _ _ _ _ _• rmm-IWMNIIIiIII~R_IIIDIIIHIIDIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIHIIIIIIIHIIIIIIU.IIIImI ·1 The Baptist Bank ~ 5t ~ The·Annuity Bonds 01 the various Boards and Societies 01 the Northern Baptist~Convention are as sale Cis a bank account-'-saler, indeed ~ == All of the coop",rating organizations have adopted a I uniform set of rules which 'are published herewith LIFE ANNUITIES BASIS OF ISSUING ANNUITY CONTRACTS. Annuity Contract. will be issued in return for 1. Cash; or for 2. Bonds at their market value-except that U. S. Government bonds may be accepted at psr-the market value to be determined by quota- tions in financial journals of a recogni.ed standing or by special report of a ,bond and stock broker of reputable standing; or 3. Mortgages of such character ~. would be accepted for permanent investment by the Finance Committee of the respective Boards.

ANNUITY RATES.

1. The rate at which an annuity contract will be issued is determined by the age of the annuitant in accordance with the printed schedule of annuity rates. (This schedule will be sent on request to any person interested.) ,'

2. There will be no change in the rate on an annuitycontrac(during the life of that contract. '

ANNUITY PAYMENTS. I. Annuity payments will be made annually or semiannually.

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THE GENERAL BOARD OF PROMOTION OF THE NORTHERN BAPTIST CONVENTION [J. Y. AITCHISON, D. D., General Director 276 Fifth Aye.. New York American Bapti,t Foreign Million Society Woman'. American Baptilt Foreign Minion Societ, Gec:wp B. Huntington, Treasurer Mias Alice Ea Stedman, Treasurer _Box 41, Bo.ton, Ma… Ford Building. Baston, Ma…

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Our Future Foreign Missionaries They must be our Choice Boys and Gi,.ls. We should get them early. They have a long course of preparation be- fore them. New Missionaries should reach the field before they are~thirty. There is Every Variety of Service.

We need Ministers, Educators, Doctors and Nurses, Industrial, Agricultural and Business Missionaries A College Course Is Most Desirable. -All should have Bible T,.aining for all must be Missionaries first and always.

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. NEEDED THIS YEAR 34 Ordained Men 17 Men Physicians 21 Men Educators 8 Women Physicians 33 Women Teachers and Evangelists. 21 Nurses the Write for literature to Candidate Department Board of Foreign Missions of The P~sbyt~rianChurch in,the U. S. A.

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"The seiuchi is a sea animal. bigger than the ox. with pale red fur. white whiskers and f:wo long white tusks which hang down like the tusks of the elephant."

In the fifth year of Kwansei. blown out of 'their " Japanese subiect to leave the i$lands. It is recourse. Tsudaya and eighteen other mariners <ed by the seamen who circumnavigated the world. landed on an uuinhabited island, Two days there· after. directed by the oracle. they reached Unalaska .'urning after eleven years to Naga~ki only to be and thence Russia. the realm of Catherine the Great. -ested for leaving their country. Their story was Here is a tale of high adventure. with aU the astounding, so remarkable in description of romance of a Jack London yarn. a tale of the feudal strange lands and peoples, that the officials promptly days of old Japan (1793) when no foreigner was J:er- ordered scholars to record it. mitted to set foot in the land. It was a crill1:e for Sheer chance revealed this treasure. And now the first part of "The Wonderful News of the Cir- cumnavigation" sees the light in the May ASIA The American MAGAZINE on the Orient Beautifully Illustrated-Rich Color Insert-Over Fifty Pictures flar different is the Japan of today–a world power and advocate of free intercourse with other nations -her ships "far flung" to the world. ASIA digs into the pasW;>f the Oriental nations you visit by giving you their traditional back-ground so different from ours. ASIA gives their present political and trade re- lations. Like a seismograph it registers the rumblings of these distant folk-their spirit towards one an- other and towards us-their rapidly changing conditions. The pictures (over fifty to an issue) are of a kind you cannot find elsewhere. .

SPECIAL OFFRR OF 4 MONTHS FOR $1.00 CONTENTS Jo'OR MA Y To show you that ASIA Is essential on your mental table– Special Art Insert in Color~Four Fam- . that you must know the OrMnt in order to be well informed- ous CHIUYANG (Cblnese Mlnl1) Pain'- you may have 4 issues, the next tour months, tor the reduced lOlls-Suitable for Frall1inl1, price of $1.00. . The Wonderful News of the Cireumnavi~ ASIA is a beautiful magaiine. "So beautiful" said one 01 our subscribers. '"that It ought not to be .. ma"azine. Each issue gation: • 1. The Wreck 01 the Wakamiyo. should be bound in leather covers to be kept tor all time." Edited by Stewart Culin If you want vision, you will find it in ASIA. If ~OU' wan,t i!l- What Holds China Back By John Dewey formation that cannot be found elsewhere. you wIll find It III The Stone Cutter and the Mouse ASIA. Because of the scarcity of paper and the expense in making By Bernard S~:rton ASIA, we wy,st necessarily limit the edition ot each number. Letters from a Japanese Patriot The First Mohammedan Republic Therefore, it is advisable to send the coupon now; By Boris L. T. ROU8tam Bek The Romance of the WesterIt P"vilion- A Chinese Tale of the Eighth Century Asia P;;-f~s~~n A,'e.. New York Miss. Revlew5-20 King Hussein and His Arabi.!:.Y ~t~eo Enter my subscription to ASiA. the American Magazine on By the Sea By Lowell Thomas the Orient for tour months. I enclose $1.00 domestic By Michael Kouyubinskll Vagabond Poet in Palestine 1.16 Canadian 1.32 foreign By Joseph" Koven TheMingTombs-Poem By WitterBynnt'r- N&me •.. , …………………….. ,." …. . By the Grace of the Kurd!!

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The Missionary Review of the World — October 1919

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MISSIONARY

EVIEW, VOL OCTOBER, 1919 Number XLII TEN RELIGION AND POLITICS IN ARABIA ARABIA, the huge peninsula made famous by Mohammed, is inhabited by a great number of separate tribes. There is no Arab nation, no national spirit and no unity except in adherence to their great pwphet. Even in this religious unity there is a great division into sects that is often accompanied by bitter hostility and bloodshed. The nominal )Sovereignty of the Turk over Arabia has been broken and Hussein, the Sherif of Mecca who is now King of Hejaz, and Abdul Aziz bin Saud, Chief of the Nejd. are aspirants for control over all Arabia.

A new religious movement in the interior of Ara,bia is reported by Dr. C. Stanley G. l[ylrea of Kuweit as an extreme development of the doctrine of the Wahabis. This movement of the" Ikhwans" is being encouraged b~T Bin Saud as a fanatical sect that will win pO'wer for him in Arabia. According to report Bin Saud is aggressively religious, insists upon his followers saying their prayers, on penalty of death, and will even shoot a man for smoking. While Hussein is more powerful than the Chief of Nejd the greatest force against Bin Saud is the Briti,sh Government which, while looked upon by the Arabs as a foreign power, is an acknowledged authority.

PRESF.JNT CONDITIONS IN PAL1I;STINE AREPORT from Rev. S. B. Rohold, of the Editorial Staff of of the REVIEW, written from .Jerusalem, July 6th, gives some interesting facts as to the present conditions in Palestine. First, he declares that any statement that the government interferes with the preaching of the Gospel in Palestine is untrue. "The [British] governmental officials (civil and military) have been considerate and helpful in many ways. No one has said a word against my -preaching Christianity or hindered my distributing tracts, etc. The Y. M. C. A. huts have offered a splendid opportunity, and the chaplains welcome a helping hand. Even in the 721

Evelyn de Rothschild Hut I had the privilege of preaching Christ.

The authorities are anxious that missionaries should go forward with their work, and just now there is an unprecedented opportunity.

I am greatly encouraged from all sides. We have the greatest freedom in distributing tracts and Gospels; even in the Jewish quarter there is a ready welcome and real eagerness for Hebrew literature. In Hebron, formerly so higoted, Jews and Moslems actually thanked us for the tracts. Captain Abrahamson, a splen- did, consistent, Hebrew Christian, is the British Governor of the an- cient city of Abraham.

"There are false 'Mpssiahs,' like Dr. Musa, a Persian, who married the daughter of the late Felix Adler. Another impostor is Jophet Behan, who has recently come from Australia, and who claims to be the Messiah.

"There is an especial opportunity in Palestine for those who speak Hebrew. Yiddish is a dead language here. Even the little Jewish children talk Hebrew, and Arabs are learning the languagf'

in order to deal with the Hebrews. Thf're is a large demand for Hebrew Bibles. Many educated Jews are now also anxious to know the truth about Christ and Christianity. They cannot believe, as their parents havf' told them, that Christians are igno- rant impostors, for they have seen what Christians are and have done. English is also very gC'nerally used and English tracts are in great demand.

"Zionism is weak in Palestine and is much disliked by ortho- dox Jews and is opposed by the Rabbis. They see that the Chris- tian missionaries, in contrast to Zionists, are the upholders of thf'

iruth of God's Word. The Zionist also eat Gentile food in Gentile hotels. All are, howf'ver, anxious about the settlement of the land by Hebrews and the modern idealists are still a strong force. There is also a sort of true Zionism, which is bound to become a strong factor in the rebuilding of Zion. The division in the ranks of .Jews gives the Christian missionary an excellent opportunity. The old fear and prejudice seems to have gone from the Jews. At a reception given in the American (Protestant) Church, Rabbi Roirchas and the President of the Great Synagogue were both present all through the service and the Chief Rabbi at- tended a special' service in St. George's Church. "The outlook is far brighter than I ever thought it could be.

The real difficulty is to spcure capable and consecrated mission- aries-men and women of faith, vision and intelligence, spirit filled and able to meet the present crisis. To such there is promise of large results. One missionary who has labored here for twenty- five years says that she was never so free in preaching the Gospel and never so welcomed as now. Three Hebrews have recentlv asked for baptism." •

SIGNS OF THE TIMES

SANTO DOMINGO~A MISSIONARY "BLIND SPOT"

C HRISTIANS seem to have their "blind spots" in looking . at the world. How many Ohristians have seen Haiti on their missionary map and program ~ But steps are being taken to bring to notice some, at least, of these places that have been shut out by the "blind spots" in our Ohristian vision.

Rev. S. G. Inman, secretary of the Oommittee on Cooperation in Latin America, who has recently returned from a trip to Haiti and Santo Domingo, is one of those who are helping to bring a neglected field into view. He writes: "Little progress has been made in the civilization of Haiti since the days of Ohristopher Columbus. Santo Domingo City, the capital, has no street cars, no sewer, no water or telephone system, only a few private electric light plants, and no building ever erected entirely for school pur- poses. Illiteracy on the island is calculated at 90 to 95 per cent of people over ten years of age. Many country people have no sense of numbers above five. There are practically no roads, and the northern and southern parts of the island are like two different countries. Venereal disease, hook worm, malaria, tuberculosis and yaws run riot without any idea of how to treat them.

"The legislative and executive power in the republic of Santo Domingo is in the hands of the United States Navy. The president is Rear-Admiral Snowden, and the Minister of :b'oreign Affairs and Education is Col. Rufus Lane, U. S. Marine Corps. I was deeply impressed with the fine spirit with which the Admiral and his cabi- net are carrying on their work, which they regard as a real mis- sionary job. Col. Lane is doing a wonderful work in developing the schools. The eff'ort at Protestant work, even among English speaking negroes, is pitiably inadequate, and with rare exceptions is fantastic in its teaching.

"It is absolutely necessary that Christian forces in America give themselves to interpreting to these people our spiritual message, lest they know nothing of us but the purely military force developed for the maintenance of order. The more I look into the problem of this most needy and almost virgin :leld, the more I am convinced that the work should be done by a united mission hoard that would represent all the e,'angelical agencies desirous of taking part in the work and would direct the program as a united service for a needy people, unused to trusting anyone '"

(·laims to unselfish service." .

Mr. Inman's proposals for work to be established in c€ltain centers include institutional churches, vocational schools, hospitals (if the Red Cross does not establish tlwm) and literature. Prac- tically every person he asked as to what the people are in particular

need of, replied: "Everything. Anything you can do for thf~m will be worth while, and you need not be afraid of duplication or doing too much. That would be impossible."

STUDFJNT STRIKES IN CHINA T HE spirit of modem democracy is manifested in the student movements in China. The n'volution, the war and the diffi· culties with J apau ha,'p awakened the national consciousness and a desire for popular control in government affairs. This sanlP awakened spirit will .profoundly infiupnce the intellectual and spiritual life of the Chinese and will hasten the day of autonomy for the Chinese Christian Church.

Official corruption in China has been responsible for many ills, national and international. The students have determined to take a stand against public infamy and those in the Government University in Peking some weeks ago led a demonstration in the form of a student parade and a petition demanding the removal of three high officials whom they dpnounced as traitors. Students of other cities followed. Excitem,nt spread on the arrest of some of the agitators. Stud,nts of Nanking, Shanghai, Soo Chow, Hang Chow and other cities organized, -sent petitions and made demands on the government, and a new revolution seemed imminent. In Nanking the students and teachers formed an organization called" Hsioh Giai Lien H 011 H wei" (The Teachers' and Students' Union) which drew up a petition, organizEd a huge parade and sent telegrams to Peking. They planned a program for the education of the common people in night schools, by the publication of literature, by public addresses on the streets and the general instruction of the people in national and international affairs. They also promoted a campaign for the boycott of ,Japanese products.

OUi' correspondent, Professor Clarence H. Hamilton of the University of Nanking, writes that this agitation all but put an end to the University work.

In Peking, the Chancellor of tllt' Government University, an able and respected man, resigned, expressing his sympathy with the movement. On the acceptance of his resignation a wave of indignation swept over the student hody. A strike followed, with the refusal to attend claflses and a genf'ral program of puhlic agitation.

The mission schools joined in the strike out of sympathy for the movement, though the teachers in Nanking University did not join in the declaration. Student g'uards watched the gates and student police kept order. The University was declared to be under student martial law. Student committees were busy f'verywhere, addresses were made and literature was mimeogTaphrd and sent out hroitdcast.

.All this agitation was a protest against evil in high places, and in favor of national welfare. Merchants responded by hanging out the national flag and closing their shops. Finally on .June 11th the govemment yielded and announced the resignation of three objectionable officials and the release of imprisoned students.

This demonstration reveals two thing-s: First-the democratization of China and the growth of the national spirit, and second the power of the student body-the modem educated element of China-to promote the movements fo1' bettf'r govemnient. The strike may be a tuming point in the history of the Chinese Republic. What a transformation might take place if these students could be aroused and enlisted in the campaign for Ohristianity in Ohina!

UPLIFTING THE OUTOASTES OF INDIA I N SPITE of the war and in spite of the political disturbances in India, the movement toward Ohrist still continues among the 60,000,000 or more pariah and other oucaste villagers of India. These untouchables, whose very shadow is supp0'3ed to pollute a high caste Brahman, aTe being cleansed by their acceptance of Jesus Ohrist, and are becoming new 0reatures; These people are usually desperately poor, immoral and ignorant. They have no privilege of citizenship or freedom to rise higher in the social scale. One reason why these outcastes are so rece1ptive of the Gospel is that they realize therr low condition and their need of some power to lift them up and save them individually and collectively. They are not proud and self-satisfied like thp upppr caRtes.

It is one of the proofs of the truth of the Gospel that these people are transformed by the power of Christ, are elevated intellectually, morally and (spiritually,· so that individuals and communities are mi'l'acles of grace. In thirty years one mission alone in South India has baptized 130,000 of these outcaste Indians. Today these people are applying to be receivpd into the Church at the rate of 50,000 a month. The great hindrance is the lack of teachers to train them in the essential principles and practices of Christianity.

P.ATRIOTISM AND RELIGION IN .JAPAN T HE Japanese naturally are eclectic. They borrow and imi- ~ate what appeals to them in civilizatio.n, materialism or rel~g­ IOn. They are not onginators. BuddhIsm, the only real religion of Japan, was borrowed from India hy way of China. Confucian learning and ethics also come from China by way of Korea. In modern times Japan has wisely horrowed her educational system from America and judicial procedure from Europe. Arts, sciences, literature and manufactures are taken from the wide world.

But Japan is afraid that Christianity is a foreign religion and

as such incompatible with ,Tapanese ideals and institutions. Shinto, which is more of a system of hero worship than a religion, is not sufficient for Japanese needs. Theoretically all Japanese aTe Shintoists, as they all observe Shinto festivals and do homage to the Emperor. It is It religion of patriotism.

To supp.!y the need for a religion that i:s peculiarly Japanese a new" National cult" has recently been formed which the Government propose:s to make universal a~d not necessarily antagonistic to othe'r faiths. A special bureau has been created and officials have been put in charge of shrine:3 where special ceremonies will be observed. All Japanese are told to visit these shrines and to pay homage to the Emperor. There is a purpose in the Japanese mind to prevent any deviation of allegiance from the Emperor to J esu;s Christ.· The Church Missionary Review tells of a Japanese Christian girl, who had passed a brilliant examination for entrance to a normal school, and whose name was struck from the list because, in reply to the question "whom do you regard as highest, God or the Emperor ~" she had conscientiously replied: "God."

PROTESTANT CHRISTIAN WORK IN FRANCE N Oone who knows the conditions in France can doubt the need for Christian work there-both evangelistic and philan- thropic. Not only do cities and towns need to be rebuilt, churches and schools reestablished and the· hungry and destitute cared for, hut the spiritual uphuilding is even more important. Before the war the population of France was 40,000,000, of whom less than 1,000,000 were connected with Protestant churches. It is reported, however, that about 25,000,000 are outside of both Roman Catholic and Protestant churches. The France that has been so familiar to those who have visited Paris, the France of infidelity, of immorality and frivolity, must be transformed by vital Christianity. Religion must become real, the Bible must be a factor in the home and in education, and the habits and convictions of the people must be permeated with the principles of Jesus Christ.

Bishop Hughes, of the Methodist Church, reports that there is need and opportunity for aggressive Christian work in France, but not for what is termed "propaganda." If by this is meant proselytizing from other Christian churches by a proclamation of non-essential doctrines, as though they were essential to life here and hereafter, few will question this statement. If, however, the term is us€d to mean a preaching of Christ and His teachings, in such a way as to awaken sleeping and lifeless members of other churches, or those who are outside of any church, into spiritual life and activity, then there is need for such propaganda not only in France but in America and in Great Britain.

®EDITORIAaL COMMENT:® ,."': CHriJ;, "u-uu '",UVUi'P

§ 'U'UU"' 'QUU"" OVU'"

THE TRUE AIM OF MEDICAL MISSIONS M ANY, who have no interest in the work of the evangelist can understand and s~Tmpathize with the work of the medical missionary. They can appreciate the distress of men's bodies and the need for modern medicine and surgery, but they cannot understand the still greater distress of men's soul'S and the need for the cure that only Je~ms Christ can give. Consf'quently philanthropists will give hospitals where they refuse to support evangeHsts, and multitudes will applaud the removal of a tumor or the operation for cataract that causes physical discomfort, when they entirely fail to appreciate the still greater boon that comes through the CUTe of spiritual disease. "The1se things ought ye to have done and not to have left the others undone."

What are the other things. 7 What is the real aim and purpose of medical missions ¥ Is it merely to relieve suffering and so make life more worth livingf Is it to stamp out epidemics and lpissen the ravages of disease? Is it to show human and divine sympathy with those who are affiicted f Is it to open the doors of closed lands, closed homes and closed hea,rts through the power to help where people most feel the need for help ~ All these are p'Laiseworthy motives and are factors that make medical mission work important, but they do not singly or collectively constitute the real aim of the Christian physician to non-Chr~stian peoples.

The true aim of medical missions is to bring human beings into the expl'rience of the love and power of Christ. Jesus declared that Satan had bound a suffering woman and that He had come to destroy the works of the devil and to set men free from bondage. Men's bodies are intended to be the tl'mples of the Spirit of God, and as such should be made physically as well as morally fit for their holy Tenant. Men and women nef'd mental and physical strength to render spiritual service, and children should be given a chance to develop into the ideal of manhood and womanhood for which their maker designed the highest of His created beings.

For this reason physicians and nurses applying for service in the foreign field, who are not fitted and trained spiritually as well as in technical skill, are out of place in missionary service. The highest degree of science, philanthropy and tact are needed, but in addition to ~hese must be the Christ ideal and the Christ motive, to make men, women and children complete in the image of God, that they may be regenerated in body, mind and spirit, and thoroughly equipped for the service of God among their fellowmen.

727

With this motive supreme, the other desiderata will be attained-suffering will be relieved, the ravages of disease will be lessened, the sympathy of Ohrist will be manifested and doors will be opened. A higher spiritual character is needed in many medical missionary candidates, but not lower technique. The power of the Ohrist in the medical missionary has been evidenced by many examples and such workers are needed today more than ever before.

THE PROGRESS OF MEDICAL MISSIONS MEDIOAL missions were inaugurated by the founder of Ohristianity Himself. Jesus Ohrist not only healed the sick; cleansed the lepers, restored sight to the blind and made the lame to walk, but He commissioned His disciples to do the same. He promised thelI.l power and predicted results. The Apostles Peter and Paul, were especially famous for their power to heal the sick and even raised the dead in their Lord's name. After Apostolic days, however, the miraculous power to heal seems to have disappeared; fables, superstition and false miracles took their place in the history of the Ohurch, so tha.t many who claimed special power were in disrepute. Almost simultaneously the scienc(J of healing developed in Europe, so that gradually the discovery of God-given remedies made less necessary the calling on superhuman and divine forces.

rt was not until the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries that we read of medical ministry as associated with missionary work. Oinchona was widely used in fever stricken lands: and other remedies were given to relieve the ailments of primitive peoples.

The early attempts to establish medical missions as a method used by Protestant societie.s met with much disfavor on the ground that men could not be saved by pills and paregoric. The first medical missionary from America was Dr. John Scudder, who sailed from New York in 1819. Thirty years later there were reported only forty medical missionaries in the world-twenty-six from America; twelve from Great Britain, one from France and one from Turkey. The first woman missionary physician was Dr. Olara A. Swain who went from America to India in 1869.

Today the importance of the medical branch of Ohristian missions is almost universally recognized. Ten years ago there were reported 667 male 'physicians and 348 women physicians working in foreign fields under the auspices of Protestant missionary societies. Most of these were in India and Ohina, and many fields were still untouched by this form of service. That same year the treatments reported in the mission fields numbered over seven and one-half million cases. Last year from the United States alone there were reported 380 male physicians and 171 women physicians of Protestant societies of the United States of America. They

EDITORIAL COMMENT

operated in 332 hospitals and 635 dispensaries, and treated 4,030,- 000 cases in non-Christian lands.

The medical arm of missions is still almost unused in Malaysia and Latin America, and the Christian physicians are comparatively few and far between in the great areas of A.frica and Central Asia. The need for sending out nurses as missionaries has been emphasized in recent years, but the supply is very inadequate to the demand for these angels of mercy. The great emphasis today in medical missions is on the establishment of well equipped hospitals and training schools at strategic points, and the raising up of an adequate number of skilled native Christian physicians and nnrses. When this is accomplished the foreign medical staff will be ready to withdraw from the field. As long as there are ailments that flesh is subject to, and as long as men and women need skilful and sympathetic treatment for both bodily and spiritual ailments, so long will Christian physicians and nurses be needed as representatives and witnesses following in the path of the Great Physician.

RELIGIOUS RECONSTRUCTION IN EUROPE P OLITICAL leaders and the people of' France and Belgium in general are eager for the material help that America can give. These countries acknowledge their phy:sical needs and appeal for food and clothing and for manufactures to help in their rehabilitation. But the religious leaders generally do not acknowledge their .spiritual poverty and their need for help in the Christian reconstruction program. To American and British visitors to France and to many of the French themselves the need frYr religious and spiritual instruction is very apparent, but when American Protestant Churches propose to appropriate men and money for religioUJs work in Europe, a great protest is made by the leaders of the Roman Catholic Church on the ground that this is unwarranted "proselytiJsm." It would be interesting to hea:r the Roman Catholic view of the religious work of their own Church in America and England -predominatingly Protestant countries-and their explanation of the fact that they are avowedly working for the conversion of all Protestants to the Catholic Church.

To meet the great need for constructive Christian work in the devastated and impoverished regions· of France and Belgium a Committee for Christian Relief has been formed in A.merica, in which all Protestant denominations are cooperating. A "Three Million Dollar campaign has been started for the work, with headquarters at 289 Fourth Avenue, New York. This money is to be used chiefly to relieve physical need and to restore churches and manses, to help Protestant pastors and to educate the crippled and neglected. A Protestant school has already been opened in Nantes and others are contemplated. The Methodist

Ohurch has set aside a part of its $135,000,000 Oentenary fund for schools and community work; the Protestant Episcopal Ohurch is planning similar work; and the Presbyterian Church expects to spend $500,000 this year to help rehabilitate Protestant churches in devastated regions. _ This work is not Protestant propaganda or proselytism. It is humanitarian service and most of the funds will be used to help Protestant organizations already existing in France, Belgium and Italy. At the same time Christians should not be afraid of the accusa- tion of "proselytizing." The attempt to change a-man's or woman's church allegiance is unworthy of a Ohristian. It matters little what name we bear so long as we are in the great family of Christ, and any effart to enlarge a special branch of the Church at the expense of some othe:r branch is an ignoble aim. But it is a very different en- deavor to bring all men and women into right relation to God through Christ. They may be nominal church members or so-called adherents and yet be veritable heathen. It is quite as important and als laudable a work to bring a nominal Presbyterian, or Baptist, or Methodist 0'1' Episcopalian or Roman Catholic into vital relation- ship to Christ as it is to convert a heathen from the error of his way. The question is not where a man lives or 1JY what name he is caned but where he stands in Telation to Christ and how far he is manifesting the indwelling power of the Spirit in his daily life and conversation. We may wen pray and give and work unceasingly that all France and Belgium, all Europe and AmE'rica, yes, all man- kind, may be converted, not to the Protestant Church but to the Lord J esUiS Christ.

REASONS FOR MEDICAL MISSIONS C HRIST was a Medical Missionary. He was the succorer of bodies as well as the Saviour of souls. Christ commissioned His disciples to heal the sick. The Apostles were medical missionaries. There is a great dearth of trained physicians and nurses in non-Christian lands, millions of people being be- yond medical and surgical aid.

There -is untold suffering in non-Christian lands due to superstition and ignorance of the elementary principles of surgery, hygiene and sanitation.

The doors of many closed lands have been opened through medical missions.

Many homes closed to other Ohristians have been opened to the Christian physician.

Multitudes have been converted to Christ and their lives have been transformed through the ministry of medical missionaries.

MABIE HOLDING A BABIES' CLINIC IN BANZA

The Need for Medical Missions BY DR. CATHERINE L. MABIE, CONGO MISSION American Baptist Foreign Mission Society T HE revealing of the Christian's God, the only vital reason for Christian missionary endeavor anywhere, meets two dis,tinctly opposing forces in Africa-Mohammedanism and spirit worship, the highest and lowest forms of non-Christian relig- ions. .

Mohammedanism has carried the knowledge of God-omnipotent, omniscient, arbitrary, one God-to large numbers of African folk. But Mohammedanism has utterly fail£d in apprehending the tender, sacrificial, just, refining God, and so e'veryYhere has failed to develop these essential qualities in its adherents. In the last analysis man is always like his God. The God of Hosea, the God who is like Jesus, the friend of sinners and acquainted with grief, the lover of little children whom He gathered in His arms and blessed, the comrade of receptive spirits with whom He fraternized and taught the deep truths of life, regardless of all mere fleshly habiliments of race and sex, such a God is as unlOlo,vn in the Mohammedan as in the pagan world.

731

But the Mohammedan world has proven itself much more difficult of approach with this fuller revelation than has the pagan world. The Christian missionary, confident of his message, finds the Mohammedan community a walled city, well garrisoned and supremely satisfied with its own conception of God, contemptuous of the Christian propaganda in almost all of its recognized avenues of approach. The medical missionary with his tender, healing ministry and patient', unremitting, disinterested service of love holds the open sesame most potent for the lifting up of the fast barred Mohammedan gates of brass, that his God of grace and glory may enter. He himself is a cuncrete example, a demonstration of Christianity, which it is difficult for those whom he serves either to despise or discredit, and so he gains a hearing for the Gospel. Then "faith cometh by hearing." In attempting to stern the great Mohammedan invasion of Africa, more emphasis should be placed on the desirability of planting medieal missionaries at strategic points of vantage all along the line which divides Mohammedan from pagan Africa, for they undoubtedly are peculiarly equipped to meet the onslaught and to demonstrate the superiority of Christianity over Mohammedanism to peoples about to exchange fetishism for the cult of Islam.

WITCHCRAFT AND SPIRIT WORSHIPERS My own missionary experience has been wholly among the animistic people of the Congo valley. They have retained a fragmentary knowledge of God and think of "Nzambi" as a creative spirit, probably ancestral. Having created man, Nzambi left him to his own devices and to the malign influences of evil spirits, which, with the passing of the centuries, he has come to think of chiefly as the disembodied spirits of his own dead. All nature, human nature included, the Congo native peoples with spirits whose reactions upon himself result in all the untoward experiences through which he gropes with his numerous fetishes and medicine men for neutralizing agents. He stumbles on through life against great odds, with no power greater than himself for his protection, and none at all for' inspiration or incentive. With "Nzambi" he has no personal relationship. In din' straits he may and often does call upon him, but with no assurance that he knows or hears or cares. His conception of God is much nearer thfl Mohammeda;n than the Christian conception. He also is a fatalist, and his women are goods for the profit and pleasure of men.

The Congo animist has almost no knowledge of· .anatomY, knows nothing of physiological processes and nothing of pathology. He attributes all his derangements, physical and mental, to spirit interference, either direct as in actual spirit possession, or indirect as through witchcraft machinations. Roughly speaking, he be-

THE INFLUENCE OF MEDICAL MISSIONS

lieves that all mental aberrations are due to spirit possession. It naturally follows that he has no sane notion of therapeutics. With charms and fetishes and magic brews, he strives to circumvent, and ward off, or drive out disease-inflicting spirits or propitiates them with gifts and fetish rites. When disease is persistent or alarming, or results in death, he has resource to his medicine men with their various tests and ordeals for detecting and dealing with witchcraft. Towns infested with death-bringing spirits are shiftNl to more propitious sitf's as a last resort. .

lnto this maze of superstition, ignorance and fear has come the meliical missionary with his demonstrative theories of etiology and hygiene, with his wonder working surgical kit and medicine ehest and kindly care, with his confident, optimistic note in the face of disease, with his marvelous power to hold death at bay and even to bring back from the borderland those about to cross to the great unknown. In the dread, mysterious realm of sickness he speaks with authority and achieves bf'llf'ficf'nt results, marvelous in their eyes. His works accr'edit him a hearing for the message which he brings concerning" Nzambi."

The well trained physician is usually a practical psychologist, whose habit of mind is to approximate the mental state of those whom he would help, and so he is peculiarly adapted to guide the superstitious animist out of the befoggfd bogs of spiritism up into the highlands of vision where fear takes flight. The first victory which the gospel of Jesus Christ gains among animistic peoples is the freeing them from the awful bondage of fear under which they have cowered for centuries.

Much constructjve social and economic work must accompany the gospel propaganda in animistic Africa. For the most part, their territory is rather sparsely populated, due to a number of causes chief among which have been the slave and rubber trade, frequent inter-trihal warfare accompanied by cannibalism, (every man's hand has sef'med to be against his brother), the heavy mortality due to the witchcraft ordeal, to gross ignorance of all the laws of right living both moral and physical, to climatic disadvantages, especially the prolific insect life of tropical Africa with its mosquitoes, tsetse flies, and other disf'ase carriers in whose train follow malaria, sleeping sicknf'ss, and other deadly endemic diseases.

In the midst of this appalling state of affairs the medical missionary with his microscope and contagious optimism has set himself to do his bit toward making the great world of central Africa a possible placf' in which to live, not merely in which to exist. He is not only treating the diseases to which the native is prone, and teaching him to reverence and care intelligently for his body, but is demonstrating to him that mosquitoes and not

spirits are responsible for the heavy lllOrtality due to malarial infections, is teaching him to fear tsetse flies more than ancestral spirits and polluted drinking water more than poisoned arrows. So he is slowly displacing his fatalistic irresponsibility for health conditions by a more wholesome state of mind which will prepare him to cooperate in subduing the hosts encamped against him.

Several years ago I received a very urgent invitation from a certain chief to visit his town, and help settle a palaver which had been on for some time. There had been an unusually large number of deaths in his town, and many of the people wanted to move the town to a more propitious site, since their present location had become so infested with death-bringing spirits that it was unsafe. We had a goodly number of Christians in the town, who had built for themselves a substantiftl frame church and two-roomed, board house for their teacher. The work was going on well and it seemed very undesirable to disturb it, as moving the town surely would have done. Their teacher, who had been at the Kimpese Training Institution, said that the water supply was bad and causing much of the sickness, and by the time I was summoned the controversy had waxed hot.

Investigation proved that many had succumbed to dysentery, and that the water supply was all and more than the teacher claimed for it; but there was no other nearer than a twenty minutes' tug up a steep hill, and the women, who are the watpr carriprs, refused absolutely to clear a path to the distant spring, or to draw water thence. However, the teacher's wife who had also been a student at Kimpese, together with a few other women, cleared the path and began drawing water from the pure source; others gradually followed and the moving was deferred. As time passed the prevalence of infection among those who persisted in using the old source, and the comparative immunity of those who drew from the distant spring, did much to convince the spiritists that impure water had mor.e to do than evil spirits with the high mortality record of the town, and so proved more potent in undermining superstition than much preaching. The town remains at the old site and the new' path to the spring is a well trodden one.

The greater part of animistic Africa is not a white man's country. Its heat, excessive humidity, myriad insect life and general unwholesomeness have made it a very difficult field for missionary endeavor. Missionaries' childr~n must be sent out of the country at a very early age. Losses through death and impaired health have been, especially on tbe west coast, exceedingly high. The medical branch of the service is very necessary for the care and conservation of the missionary body itself, and for the blessing conferred on the Africans.

Distribution of Medical

BY REV. BURTON ST. JOHN, NEW YORK D!rector of the Bureau of Statistics and Research, Foreign Missions Conference The purposes of this brief article are: First: To present, with a minimum of detail, a statement of the present Protestant medical missionary activity throughout Latin America and the non-Christian world. Second: To show what balance exists between the total missionary staff and the foreign medical missionaries, between the foreign physicians and the native physicians, and between the types of equipment with which they work. Third: To restate the fundamental basis upon which medical missions are established. This does not put forward any new theory. It may strengthen our support of the whole enterprise as we see again how this work is a true "imitation of Christ."

TABLE OF PROTESTANT MEDICAL MISSIONS Compiled from "World Statistics of Christian Missions," excepting as indicated Foreign Physicians Native Dispensaries Hospitals Men Women Physicians Africa (a) 106 15 228 85 Japan (b) 8 1 40 7 10 Korea (b) 34 9 12 24 22 China (c) 270 81 212 318 265 Philippine Islands 14 2 9 18 10 Siam and Indo-China 13 20 10 British Malaysia 1 1 Ceylon 1 2 9 4 Dutch East Indies 8 2 3 31 31 India 122 159 51 376 183 Persia 13 6 1 17 10 Arabia 4 4 8 5 Turkey and Syria 48 10 18 50 35 Oceania 10 11 5 Latin America 19 9 38 10 (a) From "The Christian Occupation of Africa." (b) From the "Christian Movement in the Japanese Empire, 1918." (c) From "China Missions Year Book," 1918, excepting the number of hospitals.

T HE above table of the Medical Missions of the Protestant Missionary Societies of the world exhibits some interesting facts. At a glance, one sees that the great field of medical missionary work at the present time is China. India stands close to China with a very strong emphasis upon medical missions for women. Over a hun<;lred medical missionaries are reported for Africa, but that continent is so large a geographical unit, with nearly 12,000,000 square miles and 140,{)00,OOO people, that this number is comparatively insignificant.

735

From the column of native physicians in the employ of mis- sionary societies, we find that China is greatly in the lead. Con- sidering not the total number but the ratio between the foreign physicians and native physicians, Japan stands far ahead of other countries. The Philippine Islands comes second, China third, and Turkey, (as before the war) follows close after. '

It is interesting also to note that the dispensaries stand to the hospitals roughly as two to one. In Africa, they are more nearly three to one., On the other hand, in China, Turkey, and .Latin America, for instance, the dispensaries are less numerous than two to each hospital. This shows that in Africa, medical missions are less well developed than in some other fields. In Latin America, more than in any other mission field, the medical practise is not directed by the missions. It is in the hands of the Latin Ameri- cans themselves, who have been well trained in modern medicine and surgery.

Some important phases of medical mission work have not been indicated in the tables. They are not forgotten. They will be found in the 39 leper asylums, the 30 medical schools, the 13 nurses'

training schools, the 2 insane asylums; and several maternity homes, opium refuges, and tuberculosis sanitoriums, located in the various mission fields.

It is often helpful to observe the relative importance given to any form of missionary work, carried on respectively by the North American, the British and the Continental groups of societies. The number of medical missionaries in proportion to the total missionary staff is one method-and a very fair one-of determining the em- phasis which is put upon medical missions by any society or group of societies. (See charts on page 737) By this standard there is no radical difference noticeable in the attitude of the North American and the British societies, but there is divergence enough, as will be seen by the following charts, to indicate that North American societie,s incline to put the greater stress on medical work. The Continental societies, on the contrary, according to this standard, do not give such a large place to medi- cal missions as do either the British or the North American socie- ties. This is evident in all three of the sample areas charted, but is particularly evident in the one for the continent of Africa.

'1'here may be room for self-congratulation on the part of the North American Societies, because in each instance they make a better showing for medical missionary work than the average of all societies working in the area.

The ratio of the medical missionaries to the whole missionary staff is clearly seen by the Jollowing charts. They include the nurses in the medical group. It may surprise. many that this group is such a small one. It is small in actual numbers as well as by

THE DISTRIBUTION OF MEDICAL MISSIONS

NUMBER OF FOREIGN MISSIONARIES OtINA TO EACH FOREIGN MEDICAL MISSIONARY ALL SOCIETIES – 14- _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _—< NORTH AMERICAN – 13- BRITISH – – 13 – CONTINENTA.L – 20- INDIA ALL SOCIETIES -ZO- NORTH AMERICAN – 16- BRITISH – – 20 – CONTINENTAL -47 – f==============:::::;—— AFRICA ALL SOCIETIES -44- {===========::;——–; NilRTH AMERICAN – ZI- /§ CBORNITTINIESNHTA-l—4lZ0I — (~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .:?FOREIGN MEDICAL MISSIONARIES Eacl S9uare 50 Foreisn Missionaries OCEANICA JAPAN INDIA CHINA THE PROPORTION OF MEDICAL MISSIONARIES AND NURSES TO THE TOTAL FOREIGN MISSIONARY FORCES IN FOREIGN LANDS

comparison Iyil:h all the other missionaries. Nothing could show more clearly than this chart that influence is not measured by numbers alone.

The three chart maps accompanying this article show the dis- tribution of the hospitals of the North American societies in Asia, Africa and Latin America. The outlines are traced from maps of a common scale. By this scale the dots indicating the hospitals average about twenty miles across. They might be said to repre- sent the" areas of influence" rather than the mere locations of the institutions.

The clear concentration of the North American Protestant medical mission forces in Asia is significant of the regions which are uppermost in the minds of our church constituencies. It would not be quite true, however, that the nine hospitals in Latin America fully represent our missionary interest in our nearest neighbors. The attainments of the secular medical profession in Latin America are largely responsible for the comparative lack of medical mission work there.

The concentration of the dots in the three continents indicates in a good degree the general density of population in each continent.

Strange as it may seem, at first thought, the basis upon which medical missions are being developed does not rest primarily on the inadequacy of medical and surgical facilities in the mission lands. This known inadequacy, especially in parts of Asia and Africa, serves to bring a great appeal for this phase of missionary activity. An inferior materia medica and a crude medical practise, together with the incantations of witch doctors and the general ignorance of the laws of health, and the principles of sanitation, serve to make a strong appeal to the sympathies of the human heart.

However, it is not to be conceived that the Christian Church has upon itself the entire responsibility of providing adequate medical attention for all peoples of the non-Christian countries. The task of the church is nearly analgous to the responsibility which Christ evidently felt for the lame, the blind and the sick, when He was upon earth. It is quite conceivable that Christ might have cured all of these the world over had He deemed such to have been His mission. This He did not do. He did heal some. He brought a few to physical perfection in order to demonstrate to the world the spirit of the Heavenly Father whom He came to reveal. In doing this, He helped those who experienced the healings and those who learned of them, to understand better the Heavenly Father's love and to recognize the fact that all power rests in Him.

It does not fully meet the situation, therefore, to appeal for the strengthening of medical missionary work by giving a com-

A S I A. AFRIC.. LATlll

Chart Showing AMERICAN PROTESTANT II ISS' ION HOSPITALS " " ,",> Chart Showing " .AMERICAN PROTESWlT " Chart ShOWing MISSION Eaoh dot represents AMERICAN PROTESTANT a hosp1tal MISSION HOSPITA.LS HOSPITALS Eaoh dot represents Eaoh dot represents a hospital a hospital THE DISTRIBUTION OF MISSION HOSPITALS

THE DISTRIBUTION OF MEDICAL MISSIONS

parison of the number of people in America to each physician as over against the number of people in the non-Christian world to each Protestant medical missionary. Such a comparison does not recognize the real basis of the work for which it appeals. Also it generally is made without giving weight to the fact that many of the non-Christian countries have a very appreciable body of well-trained native physicians. It fails to recognize other sources of medical attention than those provided by Protestant missions. For example, the Homan Catholic missions report one hundred and fifty hospitals in Africa, as compared with eighty-five reported by Protestant societies.

In recognition of the true purpose of the whole medical endeavor of Christian missions, mere numbers of physicians or hospitals do not stand in the place of first importance. Ought we not rather to learn whether these medical centers are strategically located in the light of the message they bring1 Ought we not also to ask whether or not these hospitals are being equipped by the Church at home so that the practical Christian message which they are delivering will come with greatest force ~ GROWTH IN MEDICAL MISSIONS 1900-1915 MEN – FOREIGN PHYSICIANS 1900 – 496 ~~1M~{E~:i:}l:lill;lnJ 1915 – 743 ~"'(;]{~t0:~f{j#,~Nm?:3':~i~1'1~ WOMEN-fOREIGN PHYSICIANS 1900 – 223 ilitlW.ii1~f§ 1915 -309 §~~~ttJ,;lr~fm TOTAL- FOREIGN PHYSICIANS 1900 – 719 ~i1J;:f;f;~:;iti~fl,:ri~~:,t;~1;i'4Il:"m;~tt':fr~t,~ 1915 -1052 ~!I~')J~i!J[ttjti!i:{I;:ii:~~tJ~l;~th:,tJ't{,tSRq] HOSPITALS 1900 – 379 -1IIi,-lb:,-,-''I-_""":'<~"""'J] 1915 – 7031V"jf3~g4'fim~!%~~ DISPENSARIES 1900 – 783111181iftBti!.f$;m~ 1915 -1234 _ _ ~mtw~~~i~f,jfi~~.:tl'~~iW~~@:wlJ~I'"~t~~;~,';:';?;t",r"~,t~~~i1l';:l'lr"ff.f?iU COMPARISON COMPUTED FROM DR. JAMJ<;S DENNIS' "SURVJ<;Y" AND FROM THE "WORLD STATISTICS OF CHRISTIAN MISSIONS"

Value of Medical

BY R. FLETCHER MOORS HEAD, M. B., F. R. G. S.

The following are some ways in which Medical Missions attest thei'r missionary value, and exhibit their striking influence in the extension of the Christian faith.

I. Evangelistic.. (a) As a Pioneer Agency: 1. By overcoming hostility and prejudice. 2. By destroying superstition. (b) As a Direct Spiritual Agency: 1. By procuring a wide diffusion of the Gospel message. 2. By exhibiting1 an object lesson of the Gospel. 3. By securing time for repeated presentations of the Gospel both by lip and life.

II. Social. As a Christian Social Agency: 1. By weakening sueh systems as caste and child marriage. 2. By acting as centers for public health reforms. 3. By imparting a new standard to human life, es- pecially that of womanhood.

III. Educational. (a) As a Christian Educational Agency: 1. By supplying IScientific medical knowledge. 2. By training native medical students, and rais- ing up native medical missionaries. (b) As a Christian Philanthropic Agency: By training the Native Christian Church in true Christian philanthropy.

IV. Economic.. As a Missionary Health Agency: 1. By diffusing a proper knowledge of the preser- vation of health among1st the missionary staff. 2. By treating sick members of the staff. 3. By guiding the heal.th administration of mis- sionary societies.

740 CAROLINE ATWATER MASON, BEVERLY, MASS. Author of "The Little Green God," Etc.

I N an old legend we are told that when the Romans with Pompey . at their head forced their way into the Holy of Holies of the temple at Jerusalem, a rustle as of wings was heard and a mysterious voice pronounced the words, Let us depart. The Roman general finding the shrine bare and empty turned away in disappointment, having looked for some imposing presence.

Today, in the recesses of our souls we sometimes seem to hear faintly a voice which whispers, "Let us del)art," for more and more with the passage of time we lose our sense of the Presence on the Altar,-it seems to flee before the noisy.intrusion of external accomplishment.

In Bethany the prohlem set before the Christian disciple's consciousness was to reach an equilibrium between the spirit of Mary and the spirit of Martha. The prohlem faces us today to solve for ourselves. We know that when the meditative spirit has prevailed in certain periods of the Church's life, it has led to barren introspection and morbid self-analysis. In our own day Martha's restless spirit not only dominates largely, but threatens to dominate entirely. Here is a menace to missions, and, in a peculiar degree, to medical missions.

Perhaps since the Apostolic age no finer equilibrium was ever struck between the mystic and the administrator than in the lives of the Apostles of our modern Protestant missionary epoch. William Carey, landing at Calcutta in 1793, initiated legal measures for the suppression of infanticide, ~uttee and the burning of lepers; he achieved the first translation of the Bible into Hindu dialects j gave to India the first printing press on an organized scale, the first paper mill and steam engine, the first savings bank, the first native Christian schools, the first attpmpt at medical missions. But in all that he did Carey,and the men who followed him, sought primarily to give the heathen people the light of the knowledge of the glory of God, in the face of .Jesus Christ. They did not labor in the name of science or of philanthropy; these had their contribution to make, hut the name of Christ was all and in all.

Nowhere was this more conspiG-uously illustrated than in medical mission work. The men who definitely developed the practise of bodily healing as an integral part of foreign missions, beginning with Dr. John Scudder in 1819, took their commission from Christ as their great Exemplar. As they went about exercising their power over unclean spirits and diseased bodies they preached 741

the gospel of His Kingdom and in so doing brought to tortured human beings release from the sin, so often the root of suffering. , Their ideal has remained to this day, although it may suffer change in obedience to the spirit of our age.

Our age is materialistic. 'Ve were never so concerned, perhaps, for the good of our neighbor, but our thoughts fly little higher than his physical improvement. Bergson, the French philosopher, after describing the enormous advance in physical science in every department of human activity, which has marked the last fifty years, sounds a note of warning. Atrophy of our spiritual powers he foresees as inevitable if our material and practical development exceeds our growth in the life of the Spirit.

Another philosopher, unhappily anonymous, has said: "We should beware lest harm come to our neighbor " " " through the contagion of an ideal of material comfort as the greatest earthly good; for even perfect physical well-being has its limitations as a solution of the problEm of existence " " " Will the present sense that one's neighbor should have similar clothing and similar modern conveniences to one's own prove a lasting basis of human brotherhood 7 The love of one's fellowman must be fed from deeper springs.

"We have need of profounder faith, and of more poignant fear than this age knows. I am not sure that all the physical benefits that could be imagined or enumerated for ourselves or for others could make up for the supreme loss in this shifting the attention, altering the whole emphasis of life in the innumerable ways in which the physical now obtains over the mental and spiritual. We look longingly back to our forefathers, who lived primarily in the spirit, with constant sense of spirit-values."

The fathers, who" gave themselves unreservedly for this glorious cause" (to use Carey's own words), placed supreme emphasis, we know, on the things of the Spirit. Today the Church at large seems hardly so much as to have heard whether there be any Holy Spirit. Accordingly the thought swiftly finds expression: Why should physicians in Christian lands concern themselves with the religious life of those to whom they minister7 ·Why not labor simply in the name and for the sake of science and humanity? This question may be pressed home ere long with fresh emphasis.

At Cannes,· France, in the Spring of 1919, at the Inter-allied Red Cross Conference, resolutions were passed proposing to extend the work of this magnificent organization so that it may "spread the light of human science and the warmth of human sympathy into every corner of the world, and shall invoke in behalf of the broadest humanity not alone the rE'sults of science but the daily efforts of men and women of every country, every religion and every race."

EQUILIBRIUM IN MEDICAL MISSIONS

This is a thrilling, an imposing program; not only is it interallied, but .international, not only inter-denominational, but interreligional,-a world's medical mission. 'Ve must rejoice to see this day and greet the project with a cheer; the only misgiving might be whether, the Christ motive being here omitted, the purpose is fed from springs deep enough to sustain in perpetuity the prodigious sacrifices connoted. For the call of the non-Christian world is not an emergency call; it is two thousand years old and older; its response must go out into an indefinite future. That worlu is starred over with hospitals, with asylums for the blind and deaf, and for lepers, and with native schools of medicine, all permanently established by the unwavering labor of Christian medical men and women sustained through their lifetime. It is not a light undertaking this, to cleanse and lift up the cankerE'd and leprous races of the East, and only dedicated lives can suffice to carry out that undertaking through generation after generation. TheTe must be a sufficient dynamic.

Some one remarked to a nurse in a smallpox hospital, "You must have a great enthusiasm for humanity to carry you through such work as this."

"Enthusiasm for humanity!" she exclaimed, "that would not keep us here an hour. It is the love of Christ that constrains us."

The crux of the mattE'r is here: there are those among us who, hearing of the mighty work projected by the Red Cross, advocate handing over to these latest comers in the field,. in due course, the enterprise of Christian medical missions. To these who come in the name of philanthropic and scientific activity, the m<m and women who have labored in the name and for the sake of the Great Physician may be asked to surrender their task. To do this would signify a crucial yielding to the spirit of the present, far-reaching in its effect upon the future. It would be the voice of Martha drowning out the voice of Martha's Master in one more realm of life.

But surely the privilege of serving as the Christian physician to the woes of the non-Christian world is one too high to forego, too sacred to renounce. Lowly love still claims its seat, as of old in the household at Bethany, and though we speak with the tongues of bacteriologists and ophthalmists, and have not love, we may become as sounding brass. The loudest voice is not sure to be the true voice. Mary's voice was not even heard. SlIp sat at J esns' feet and heard His word. "N"ow Jesus loved Martha and her sister," but it was not Martha, careful and troubled about many things, who received His recognition. Does not our nge need above all othE'r things to re-lE'arn th!' practisE' of tb(' pr(,Rencp of God?

Who's Who in Medical

BY BELLE M. BRAIN, SCHENECTADY, NEW YORK In recording the achie<vemcnts of these medical missionaries, little is said about the spiritual side of their ~vork. This is to avoid repetition. In every case the story is the same. The preaching of the Gospel <was the supreme aim of these men and women, the healing of the body a means to this end. Their methods really vary but little. It is to be regretted that, owing to lack of space, the names of many medical missionaries whose achievements entitle them to mention have been omitted.

J OliN THOMAS who went to India with Carey in 1793, designated a.s a "medical evangelist ", was thp first modern medical mis- sionary. In 1800 h8 won Krishna Pal, the first trophy of medical missions and the first convert haptized by Carey, by preaching Christ to him while setting his broken arm.

TEEODOSIUS VANDERKElVIP, a Dutch physician who sailed for Cape Town in 1798 when over fifty, was the first medical missionary to Africa. He acquired great int:luence with the natives and opened the way for later missionaries.

DOCTOR J OEN SCUDDER, aNew York physician who sailed for Ceylon in 1819, was the first medical missionary from America. He was besieged with patients wherever he went and his operations were regarded as miracles. Six of his sons and two of his grandchildren became medical missionaries.

DOCTOR ASAHEL GRANT, who arri.ved at Urumia in 1835, was the first medical missionary to Persia. He acquired great influence and his fame spread far and wide. Patients came from long distances and it is said that even "haughty Mohammedan mullahs kissed the hem of his garments.]'

DOCTOR PETER PARKER was the first medical missionary to China. He founded the first hospital in China at Canton in 1835; treated 53,000 patients hy his own hand; trained the first Chinese medical students; and did so much to disarm prejudice that he is said to have" open('d China at the point of his surgeon's lancet." The Chinese Medical Missionary Society, first of its kind, was organized at Canton in 1838 to aid his work. The Edinburgh Medical Missionary Society, founded in 1841, resulted from a visit to Scotland.

MARCUS WHITMAN sppms to have heE'n the first medical missionary martyr. He was appointed missionary physician to Oregon in 1835, and made large use of his medical skill for the Indians and also for his associates in other stations of the mission. Iu 1847, he was murdered by the Indians at Waiilatpu.

DOCTOR CORN1<:;r…TUS V;~ DYCK, who ,yput from America to Beirut, Syria, in 1840, was equally famous for his medical work 744 and for his translations of the Arabic Bible and numerous scientific works. He was professor in the medical department of the Syrian Protestant College and held clinics at st. John's and St. George's hospitals. On his fiftieth anniversary the Greeks placed a marble bust of him in the court of St. Gporge's which was the first bust erected in Syria in modern times.

DAVID LIVINGSTONE, who sailed from Scotland to South Africa in 1840, had expectpd to be a medical missionary to China. But his medical ~raining proved of the h1ghest value in Africa and it is doubtful whether he could have opened up the continent without it. According to Blaikie, "the entire cause of medical missions received a great impulse through him."

DOCTOR AZARIAH SMITH, who went out from America in 1842, was the first medical missionary to Turkey. He soon acquired great influence, especially as a cholera fighter. Wherever the disease appeared he appeared also, and throughout Asia Minor both Moslems and Christians blessed him for his help. "Dwight's Cholera Mixture" widely used in the United States in 1849 and "Hamlin's Cholera Mixture" famous later on, were both variations of his original prescriptio;n.

DOCTOR GEORGE E. POST, professor of surgery for almost half a century in Syrian Protestant College, Beirut, (1868-1909) ranked as the greatest surgeon of his day in the Orient. He is said to have performed more major operations than any other medical missionary. He was decorated by many governments.

DOCTOR JAMES CURTIS HEPBURN was the first medical missionary to Japan (1859-1892) and opened the first dispensary. His skill as a physician did much toward breaking. down opposition to foreigners. He was also eminent as a lexicographe.r and translator and on his ninetieth birthday was decorated by the emperor with the "Imperial Order of tbe Rising Sun."

DOCTOR CLARA SWAIN, who was Bent to India in 1869 by the Woman's Missionary Society of the Methodist Church, was the first woman medical missionary. In January, 1874, sbe opened at Bareilly the first hospital for women in heathen lands. Her success in disarming suspicion, opening zenanas and training native girls in medicine was so great tlJat women physicians were soon sent to every land.

DOCTOR FANNIE JANE BUTLER, who went to India in 1880, was the first English woman medical missionary. In 1888 she was sent to Shrinagar, Kashmir, where Isabella Bird Bishop, the famous traveler, saw her work and was so much impressed with it that she gave inoney to her for a hospital for women.

DOCTOR HORACE N. ALLEN was the first regularly appointed missionary to Korea (1884). His medical skill opened the way

for tIle Gos[)('l and IlP gailwll great prestigf' by saving the life of the King's neplww when the native doctors were trying to staunch the flow of blood hy pouring' mf'lted wax into the wound:.;.

DOCTOR MARY PIERSON Emw, who was horn in Syria of American missionary parc>lltagp, was grantf'd in 1893, after a medical course in Amprica, the fin,t permit ever issued by the 'L'urkish govf'rnment to a woman to practice mrdicine and surgery. In 1908 she openf'd, uear Beirut, the first sanitarium for tubercular patients in the Ottoman Empire.

DOCTOR JOHN G. KERR was head of the hospital founded by Peter Parker at Canton from 1873 to 1899. Under his supervision 700,000 patients were treated; 48,000 operations were performed; and 150 Chinese students were trained in medicine. He published in Chinese 32 volumes on m(dicine and surgery, and opened the only insane asylum in China.

DOCTOR SAMUEL R. HOU~E, an American missionary, rendered heroic service in Bangkok during the epidemics of cholera in 1849 and smallpox in 1857. He was frequently honored by the Royal House of Siam and was appointed physician to the king.

DOCTOR DUGALD CHRISTIE, a Scotch missionary, founded in Manchuria more than 30 years ago a medical mission which has been a mighty power for Christianity. In 1911 he and his assistants saved Mukden, when the pneumonic plague was sweeping over Manchuria.

DOCTOR THEODORE LEIGHTON PENNELL, an English missionary, who died at Bannu in 1912, worked for nearly twenty years among the fierce hill tribes on the Afghan frontier. He made long tours in native dress often treating 200 casps in a day and robbers and brigands frequently came to his hospital at Bannu.

DOCTOR JOSEPH P. COCHRAN, founder of the Westminster Hospital, Ummia, was famous throughout Persia and the regions beyond. His influence was unlimited with all classes and creeds. During the Kurdish invasion of 1880 he saved Ummia and was twice decorated by the Shah.

DOCTOR WILFRED T. GRENFELL, of the mission to the Deep Sea Fishermen, ministers to the Labrador fisher-folk along 2,000 miles of bleak North Atlantic coast. Several hospitals have been established and in summer his hospital ship, The Stra,thcona. makes the rounds. He was decoratfd by Edward VII with the "Order of St. Michael and St. George."

HUDSON TAYLOR, founder of the China Inland Mission and director for forty years, found his medical training invaluable in winning the Chinese and in caring for the missionaries and native helpers in stations remote from a physician.

JOHN KENNETH MACKENZIE, who went out from England to China in 1874, won great favor for medical missions by curing

WHO'S WHO IN MEDICAL MISSIONS

the wife ofLi Hung Chang when the native doctor., !lao given her up. A fine hospital was built for him at Tien-tsin with Chinese funds, and by official request be pstablisbed tbe first government medical school in China. He was oecorated with the" Star of the Order of the Double Dragon."

DOCTOR MARTHA SHELDON, an Am(~rican missionary, spent twenty years at Bhot on the Tihetan border. Her fame spread far and wide and more than once she was able to make tours into the Forbidden Land. Many lamas came to her for treatment.

DOCTOR MARY FULTON, an American missionary who went out in 1885, developed at Canton, China, the great plant consisting of the David Gregg Hospital, the Hackett Medical School and the Julia M. Turner Training School for Nurses, which constitutes the largest medical work for women in China under one missionary. She has tran§!lated text-books on medicine and surgery which are used throughout China.

DOCTOR ELIZABETH REIFSNYDER, who arrived in China in 18S4, and is now head of Margaret Williamson Hospital, Shanghai, has exerted tremendous influence through medical work. It is said that some of the tumors she has removed are the largest recorded in the practise of surgery. On her 25th anniversary in 1911 she reported 800,000 cases treated in the hospital.

DOCTOR FRED DOUGLAS SHEPARD and his wife, also a graduate physician, did a great work at Aintab, Turkey. Doctor Shepard was head of the Azariah Smith Memorial Hospital and professor in the medical department of Central Turkey College. Two of his students have attained distinction, one as the leading Armenian physician of Aintab, the other as the most skilful surgeon- of Aleppo. In 1915 Doctor Shepard died of typhus fever.

DOCTOR ARTHUR FRAME JACKSON who went to Mukden, Manchuria in 1910 to assist Doctor Christie, died after only ten weeks on the field while fighting the pneumonic plague. His heroic work and tragic death made such an impression on the Chinese officials that after his death they called on his spirit to continue hiR beneficent work.

DOCTOR JACOB CHAMBERLAIN was trained in medicine as well as in theology. Besides treating the sick and performing countless operations at Madanapalle, his headquarters in India, he organized a well-equipped traveling dispensary which alwaYR went with him on his famous evangelistic tours. Chapter 9 of his book "In the Cobra's Den," shows how he combined medical and evangelistic work.

DOCTOR RODEnT LAWS of the Livingstonia Mission, Central Africa, declares that he has never regretted the self-denial it cost to add medical courses to his training. His medical skill has opened many doors, broken down many barriers, and given oppor-

tunity to preach the Gospel to thousands who would otherwise have been inaccessible.

DOOTOR EDITH BROWN is at the head of a medical school for women at Ludhiana, which draws students from all parts of Northern India. By providing special short courses for the hereditary dhais or mid-wives, the l~ves of many mothers and babes have already been saved and much suffering has been eliminated.

DOCTOR IDA SCUDDER, associate of DOCTOR LOUISA H. HART, in Mary Taber Schell Hospital, Vellore, India, has been appointed principal of the Interdenominational "Voman's Medical College of South India, opemd in 1918. She is a granddaughter of Doctor John Scudder, the first American medical missionary, and a daughter of the late Dr. John Scudder, Jr., Vellore.

DOCTOR CATHERINE L. MABIE, at Banza Manteke, Congoland, is a striking example of a doctor who can ,work wonders with poor equipment. In her" little tin hospital," a two·room building with walls and roof of corrugated iron, some difficult operations have, been performed and crowds of black folk have been hpaled on her long cross country tours.'

DOOTOR ELEANOR CHESTNUT did heroic work for ten years at Lien-chou, South China. Before the hospital was built she performed operations successfully in her bathroom. In 1905, she was murdered by a Chinese mob, her last act being to tear off a portion of her dress and bind up the bleeding head of a Chinese lad she noticed in the crowd.

DOCTOR W .•r. "VANI,E8S, head of the famous medical mission at Miraj, India, is one of' the great surgeons of the day. Patients come to him from Africa, Persia, Arabia and all parts of south India. It is said that Miraj Hospital holds the record for successful cataract operations, 160 having been performed in succession without failure.

DOCTOR Hu KING ENG, ,the "Miracle Lady," took a full course in medicine in America and returned to China in 1895. She is at the head of Woolston Memorial Hospital, Foochow, and is intensely loved and highly honored by her people.

DOCTOR MARY STONE, the famous Chinese woman physician, who received her degree at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, in 1896, is at the head of the Elizabeth Skelton Danforth Memorial Hospital at Kiu-kiang. She is a skilful surgeon, a leader in reform movements, and very successful in all her work.

DOOTOR ESTHER KIM PAK was the first Korean woman to study medicine. In 1900, after taking her degree in America, she became an assistant in the woman's hospital at Pyengyang and did notable work under Doctor Rosetta S. Hall until her death in 1910. In 1909 she was publicly honored and awarded a gold medal as one of the first two Korean women college graduates.

EXHIBIT TO SHOW INSECTS THAT CARRY

Medical Missions and Disease Prevention BY REGINALD M. ATWATER, III. D., COLORADO SPRINGS, COLO.

O N one occasion the Sultan of Turkey, imbue.d with a fleet- ing desire to improve the sanitary conditions of his people, required of the 4iovernor of the Province of Damascus a report on the death rate in his province. Part of the report which was returned read as follows: "Since the memory of man, men have lived and men have died in this province. Some die young and some die old, only Allah knows how many have died and from what causes."

Epitomized in this statement we find much of the Oriental attitude toward the fundamental facts of community and national sanitation. To the average American it lllay well seem a stretch of reason to make collection of vital statistics regarding life, disease and death, an aspect of national sanitation. And yet we should have to begin with just such fundamentals to make an intelligent effort at public health measures. No part of provincial or national administration is so largely dependent on a knowledgE) 749

and recognition of carefully collected and interpreted facts as are the measures which relate to the individual and community health of the group concerned.

Success in this direction does not depend alone on the intelligence and cooperation of officials of the community. The Governor of Damascus might even have been a graduate in sanitary science and perfectly aware of the significance of the death rate without advantage to the province. Since public sanitation is merely personal hygiene applifd to the larger number, the success of our efforts will depend in no small way on the intelligence of the man in the street. If he has no more concern in such fundamental facts of public health than he has, for instance, in American fashions, he will be of little use in a well organized effort to promote healthful living. Epitomized in this report of the governor we find ignorance of the prime essentials, and we see the utmost importance of education if the civilization in these lands is to be at its best physically.

But what has this to do with medical missions 1 Just this: in the past, medical missionaries have of necessity concerned themselves so largely with the alleviation and cure of disease that time, money and effort have not been available for a large scale prevention of disease. In the past the missionaries who have contributed so much and so untiringly to the betterment of the bodies of men as well as to the redemption of their souls would have been unfaithful to their responsibility had they not giverl all they had to relieve the appalling need about them. In these days of applied statesmanship in the missionary enterprise it is quite natural that we should begin plans for a comprehensive campaign of prevention of the disease we have labored so long to arrest and cure. The time has come when missionary equipment justifies this new emphasis. Will not the net result of our ministry of healing be greater and more satisfactory if we spend more effort in the anticipation and prevention of disea.se~ Medical missionary effort in the past has contributed much of great value to the present situation. Had it not been for that which the pioneers have done in the past hundred years we should be unable now to organize any plans for the control and prevention of disease. It is this background on which we must build a system of education of the public in health, hygiene and sanitation, collection of statistics of birth, death and disease, organization of quarantine when epidemic disease occurs, construction of sanitary water supplies and sewage systems and a host of other measures calculated to prolong life and make disease less fre- quent. Nor are we to think that nothing has been done in this di- rection until now. Campaigns of considerable magnitude have

MEDICAL MISSIONS AND DISEASE PREVENTION

been conducted among the Chinese for the promotion of public health. This has been organized by men of vision and men of training in this medical specialty and the results have been very favorably commended by impartial observers. From these we may estimate the relative importance of this sort of work.

In a campaign in a city for good health conditions it is obvious that our efforts depend for their success in large meas- ure on the cooperation of our neighbors. Precisely so in the com- munity of nations our own efforts toward improving sanitary con- ditions in America are qualified by the help our neighbor nations give us. Though we have by desperate means succeeded several times in stamping out cases of the plague, as it has occurred in our western and southern ports, the fact that our Asiatic neigh- bors still have endemic sources of the disease makes it necessarv to uphold a rigid quarantine. This quarantine must be upheld agains..t ships that might be conveyors of the disease and extensive and expensive precautions must be taken against rats, squirrels and fleas through which the disease is kept alive.

The countries we usually speak of as non-Christian are the countries which form the great reservoirs of epidemic disease-as in plague, cholera, yellow fever, malaria, typhus fever, small pox and tlle parasitic intestinal diseases. So our efforts toward con- trol of these diseases are not limited in their benefits to the coun- tries where the efforts are put forth, but all the world is directly benefited by the elimination of chances of infection in each of these diseases.

Take for instance the plague. There have been for ages four centers where the fire of plague has smouldered, occasionally break- ing forth in great conflagrations. One cEnter is on the eastern slope of the Himalayas from which the great Hongkong epidemic in 1894 came. The western slope of these same mountains has another center, probably connected with the first. This was the source of the Bombay epidemic in 1896 and the disease is still left in Bombay. The third source of plague exists from about the center of Arabil(l to Mesopotamia. From this area the Black Spa and Persia were infected. The fourth great endt"mic area is in the interior of Africa, near the source of the White Nile in Ugallda.

Each center is the very heart of a nOll-Christian country. The havoc wrought by plague is hardly to be comprehended in com- placent America. Its inroads in India alone since 1892 have been terrible. In 1907 over one million persons died of plague in that country. In the winter of 1910-11 one of the most virnlent epi- demics of modern times occurred in Manchuria, the mortality be- ing over 90 per cent of those sick with the disease.

Carefully planned preventive IIleusures organized and backed adequately have demon~tra.t6d,. t~w pg~Sibility of exterminating – ~

plague in these very countries where it is most common. The ef- forts of the United States agalnst plague in Manila have been so successful that plague has disappeared in that city. There is no good reason why we might not apply similar methods of proved success in these smouldering centers and save untold and Ullcoullted deaths in the future from a preventable disease.

Smallpox is a disease against which sanitation-that is improved living conditions-has no power at all, but against ·which, fortunately.

we have an almost perfect pl'eventiv~easure. The present century in America has no concept of the ravages of this disease which occurred here a hundrEd 01' more years ago. Reliable data available indicates that during twenty-five years of the eighteenth century, fifteen million persons died of the disease. Campaigns for education of the public, where smallpox is still a menace, in the effectiveness of vaccination can he conducted at a fraction of the cost of the ravages of the disease in one year. ,.

Facts recently adduced by a missionary in China show tha:t the various boards operating in China alone have lost in recent years from disability and death caused by typhoid fever and small- pox among the missionaries themselves, a total of no less than $200,000, considering the original investment in the training of the missionaries. Smallpox and typhoid fever are essentially preventable diseases. Two hundred dollars worth of the appro- priate vaccines would have reduced this loss to practically zero.

Beyond and above these, a very great opportunity opens in expansion of our work to preyent infant mortality, infant blind- ness and the early acquiring of chronic disease. There are un- touched fields of opportunity in tuberculosis, which we have al- ways with us, in leprosy-again particularly common in nOll- Christian lands-in typhoid fever and typhus fever, in dysentery and the acute infections of childhood: in all these the application of modern methods is sorely needed to relieve in a measure the overwhelming load on the ho~pital equipment and the medical staffs.

After all, if we live up to the tremendous opportunities ill preventive measures ahead of us, we may find that experience gained abroad may be mOl't useful here at home in combating some of these universal diseases, and this bread that we cast upon the waters will not fail to return to us in due season. Even from merely selfish motives we ought to go into this new ,,:ork with a . powerful emphasis. 'Te have, to be sure, motives higher than selfish interest. We rely on the hackground of the past with great faith in the future if we should be found faithful to our new obligation and opportunity-that aU tbe world may indeed have Life more abundantly,

THE NEW CHAULMUGRA OIL TREATMENT HELPS THE

A series of pictures of a Japanese leper taken at various periods during eight years treatment Ridding the World of Leprosy "T BY MRS. WM. M. DANNER, NEW YORK HERE are a good many charitable works in the world, but caring for lepers is the greatest," said the Japanese Gover- nor of North Sang Province in Chosen, when he was a guest at the opening of the Taikn Leper Home.

I I Accustomed to look for an ulterior motive in the apparently philanthropic deeds of neighbors, the Oriental," says Dr. McKean of Siam, "is forced to admit some cause that he cannot explain when he sees missionaries at work for lepers."

Leprosy is the most ancient disease recorded in history. It is mentioned in an Egyptian papyrus dated over six thousand years ago. It is a disease "sui generis" not originated by food, climate or unsanitary conditions, though these factors may predispose. While leprosy abounds chiefly in Oriental lands, every country· has its quota. Experts estimate at least two million lepers in the world, and of this number India has the largest proportion. Southern China is seriously stricken, having probably 200,000. Japan, according to statistics, had 40,000 ten years ago. In Africa a sinister band surrounds the continent, broken possibly at two points on the west coast. Madagascar is affected with leprosy to a serious extent; Cape Colony deports its worst cases to Robben Island. The disease is also found in Iceland, Lapland and along the Russian border of the Baltic. "Vhole islands in the South Seas are severely affected, and South America has endemic foci. In the Philippines there are over 5,000 known cases. The first case reported in Hawaii was in 1850, but there are only 700 lepers no:w on Molokai and in the Receiving Station at Honolulu. The Uniteq States has five hundred or more lepers scattered through at lellst nineteen states.~ Large numbers are alilD found in Canada, .l!-Dcl Mexico.

753

Here is a problem in world sanitation as well as in evangelization. It should be worked out for humanitarian, and economic as well as for Scriptura~' reasons. In the balance is not only intense physical suffering but menace to the healthful commmuty. The leper should have proper care from the standpoint of public health and because of the protection such care affords. The problem has been more definite since Hansen diseovered the bacillus of leprosy in 1874, and although no cure was knoWn it was found that ointments, baths, medicines and comfortable surroundings alleviated suffering. Numerous serums and va-ecines were tried but the results were negative. More encouraging results have come from experiments with chaulmugra oil, first made by Dr. Victor G. Heiser in the Philippines. This oil is an indirect product of a tropical tree growing wild in India and Burma, and now cultivated in Siam and the Philippines. Its fruit, something like grapefruit, has large seeds from which the oil is extracted. This is an ancient remedy which few stomachs could long endure. Under the new formulae, mixed with resorcin and camphor, given hypodermically, the systematic use of chaulmugra oil sometimes stays the disease. In many parts of the world, negative cases are discharged, on parole. This does not proye that a cure has been found, but is encouraging.

Sir Leonard Roger, 1f. D., of Calcutta, has given new impetus to the treatment by the use of gynocardate of sodium, one of the products of chaulmugra oil. The percentage of failures in his cases is very small. In Honolulu specialists in research are at work and are attaining practical results. But a doctor remarks, "One cannot be sure that a case of leprosy is cured, unless a complete post mortem examination determines the point."

Governments have been dealing with the medical phase of the problem. Five hundred years ago there were 21,000 leper asylums large and small in Europe. In Great Britain alone there were 112, and in France 2,000. Stringent laws resulted in the disappearance of leprosy there and sporadic cases that appear today are traced to eastern origin.

Great encouragement has bem given to the campaign to stamp out leprosy by the effective policy of the United States in Hawaii and the Philippines. Molokai, the oldest leper colony under the Stars and Stripes, occupies only one peninsula of this noted fishing and hunting resort, and in thirteen years the number of patients has been reduced by half. ,In the Philippines the government a few years ago segregated 9,000 lepers on Culion Islana and today only 5,000 remain. In the United States two state homes have been established-one, fifty-seven miles north of New Orleans, where 105 patients are cared for, the other on Penikese Island, Massachusetts, wkere there are only eleven patients, and

RIDDING THE WORLD OF LEPROSY

these imported. Harvard School of Tropical Medicine maintains a laboratory there. Because of the "Leprophobia" in communi- ties where the disease has been found and because of the cruel treatment of such cases the need for a National Leprosarium has come to be realized, for which the Mission to Lepers started a move- ment to secure $250,000 appropriation. A site has now been se- lected and work will be begun as soon as the title is acquired. Here the Public Health Service will provide food, clothing and housing for all persons afflicted with leprosy under Federal, eontrol. The necessity for such a home has been recently. emphasized by the re- turn from France of two of our soldiers suffering from this disease.

Japan has six goyernmentasylums, by-products of Christian- ity, caring for about 2,000 pauper lepers and officials have under consideration a program of segregation by provinces.

Siam is entering upon a campaign. The government has appropriated 10,000 ticals ($4,000) toward leper hospital work at Chiengmai and a commission is appointed to deal with the question of nation wide segregation. '

China, instead of shooting and burning these outcasts as for- merly, now has some signs of awakening. In Canton District $3.00 a month mex. each is appropriated from Government funds for some 900 lepers.

The Chosen Government has made a proposition to the mis- sionary doctors, under a cooperative plan to help care for Korean leper patients.

India is alert and the government has made a grant, providing needed funds to give medical treatment to all patients now residing in the leper hospitals in India. The Mission to Lepers has called an All India Conference for Calcutta to plan concerted action among agencies at work.

The Christian's program for a whole work for the whole man was made by the Master in Matthew, lOth chapter, 8th verse: Confronted with their condition, our Lord said, "Cleanse the lepers. " The churches are doing this through their missionaries and through the agency of "The Mission to Lepers." Twelve American and eighteen European foreign missionary societies unite in giving service at 92 stations and 30 homes· for untainted children of lepers throughout the world. Here is an opportunity and a responsibility for Christians to support this work.

The first object of the mission is to preach the Gospel to the lepers. But where there is such physical suffering, and so many homeless outcasts, relief must be given before Gospel teaching.

Concrete religion is applied ·with the lotions, salves and antiseptic bandages. Shelter is provided, then they are told of the ChriiS- tian's "Shelter in the time of storm." As clean clothes are given, the need of being clothed with Christ's righteonsness is explained.

CHINESE LEPERS IN A CHRISTIAN LEPER ASYLUM (NOTE THE BLIND ORGANIST) To assume the responsibility of supporting thousands of lepers is no light task. Those adopted are at once given a particular task to perform. Some are trained to aid in the dispensary and in the nursing. Such helpers are laughingly called "oil kings." In one colony forty leper nurses give full time to this work, receiving one dollar and a half per month for the service, but even so there is competition for these positions.

Educational advantages are given those who wish to learn to read and write. Often such patients spend much of their time in reading to their uneducated companions. Debating societies prosper. Games are not forgotten; relay, water and sack races show that these folks have real human joys. One young patient is a jolly" sleight of hand" performer.

The crowning result is spiritual. To take Christ to the leper is a necessity, if we would "Go iuto all the world and preach the Gospel to every creature." A suggestive name is "The Complete Life Hospital," another "Garden of Comfort." Churches and Sunday-schools are orgllnized, song and prayer services are held daily, Bible study and Scripture memorizing are encouraged. Native Bible women, catechists and ministers are selected from among the patients and trained for leadership. It is remarkable how the lepers respond to the Gospel story. In some Asylums every patient entering has been led to Christ. Nearly six thousand lepers are now baptized Christians and their desire to be of service is evidenced by changed lives and gifts made through selfdenial in the use of their food allowance or the few ~ent!'l they can earn.

RIDDING THE WORLb OF LEPROSY 75'

Dr. McKean, Superintendent of the hospital for lepers in Northern Siam, believes, as do other missionaries, that the best results spiritually have come to their general mission work only since the asylum for lepers was established; he points out as the cause, a proper response by the Church to the command, "Cleanse the lepers, " so long neglected.

Bishop F. W. Warne, of the Methodist Episcopal Church, Lucknow, India, after seeing leper homes at .Asansol, Chandag, Pithoragarh, Roorkie and elsewhere, says, "The most encouraging feature is the fact that practically all the lepers who enter the asylums become earnest Christians. The chief way in which they cooperate in the work of the evangelization of India is by forming themselves into intercessory prayer bands. There has been a revival among our people in India, in which the people of the Leper Homes have shared." A missionary adds, "The work among the lepers is a corner stone of the mass movement."

To rid the world of leprosy is the ultimate object of the Mission to Lepers. Complete segregation of the leper will accomplish this, owing to the fact that the disease is not hereditary. "Ridding the world of leprosy" will be accomplished when all nations unite in the world segregation program.

A new World Survey is under way. Blanks are prepared to UNCARJ>;D FOR I.J>;PE;RS IN SOUTH CHINA

send to every regional leader for information. The "cleansing of the leper" will be included in the world task of the whole church.

The Mission to Lepers is international and interdenominational and therefore appeals for the loyal support of every American citizen. In order to fulfill the Great Command of our Lord, every pastor can preach on this opportunity, every Sabbath School teach- er can tell his pupils, every Young People's Society can hold a Leper Mission meeting, every church can have a day of prayer for lepers, every community can enlist interest and everyone can in- clude the leper in his benevolence. On special anniversaries the "Daily Bread" League members provide the food for some leper hospital, for the day.

The Mission to Lepers is making what Dr. Mott calls "the most practical demonstration of the Christian religion," for its hospitals are living witnesses for Christ. Dr. Bruce S. Wright felt this when at Culion he said, "In the afternoon, just before we left, I stood outside the Protestant Chapel. One hundred or more lepers were gathered within-the happiest, cleanest, most intelligent group that I saw-singing and listening to talks hy Mr. Danner, Dr. Rader and Dr. Rodgers. As the service was dis- missed a shower passed. One of the lepers, as he came out, touched my hand. But I was not afraid. I looked out over the bay; there I beheld the clearest, most wonderful rainbow I have ever seen, rising, it seemed, straight out of the quiet water. I said to myself,'Yes, Christ has given to the lepers of the world 'the colorful rainbow. They see a different world from what their efathers saw. The rainbow has at last been put in their sky, and crises straight out of the broad, deep waters of a Christianized (/iuman sympathy.' To whom shall the credit be given for the 'ch"anged attitude toward the leperf To Christ, of course. How slow we have been in coming to Jesus' mind in this matter. Two fhousand years ago, He did what we are only beginning to do. Jesus put the rainbow in the lepers' sky."

, [Send to Mr. W. M. Danner, American Secretary the Mission to Lepers, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York, for literature and other information on this snbject. The Mission to Lepers, which co- 'operates with 33 societies and denominations is conducting work in – 92 asylums and stations and needs at least $200,000 a year from American Christians to care for these sufferers.]

USED BY CHINESE TO KEEP PLAGUE

An Organized Fight Against Death BY DR. GUY W. HAMILTON, SHUNTEFU. CHINA Physician in Charge of the Hugh O'Neill Memorial Hospital T HE characterization of China as the "Land. of Sorrows" seems peculiarly appropriate in view of the recurring visita- tions of flood, famine, plague and civil war which, like a vicious Circe, have attended the course of the young Republic during the past six years. Attracted by the prospect of immediate gain, and unmindful of the certain consequences of such a course, the Chinese have, for generations, persisted in the deforestation of the hills, with direful results. Without the natural barrier of trees, the torrential rains in the mountains become devastating floods in the plains, causing destruction of crops and the entire population of towns and villages, with the creation of wide-spread famine conditions and attendant pestilence.

Twice during the past ten years the deadliest of these pestilences, pneumonic plague, has assumed epidemic proportions and threatened to sweep the country.

By a grim coincidence both of these recrudescences of the disease synchronized with the Chinese New Year. At this season, it is customary for every Chinese to discontinue his usual occupation, and, regardless of distance or other difficulties, to return to the ancestral home, there to spend the great national festival with family and friends.

The demonstrated carrier of plague infection is the marmot, 759

a small,· prolific, fur-bearing animal indigenous to Mongolia and the far north of China.

Thousands of Chinese from every province, attracted to these regions by the lucrative trade in furs, became active carriers of plague infection through intimate contact with the marmot. The situation was an alarming one. The New Year would mark the beginning of an exodus from the plague areas of these thousands of fur merchants on their long, overland journey to their homes. The certain results were more readily foreseen by the medical profession than by others of the foreign population in North China, and precautionary measures were immediately instituted.

The Minister of the Interior appealed directly to the missionary body, and although engaged to the full extent of their time and ability in the administration of their own mission hospitals, the missionary doctors in Chihli, Shansi and Shantung, responded to the call almost to a man.

It was early recognized by the doctors that the first line of defense must be at the mountain passes where the home-going multitudes would emerge upon the plain. Failure to command these places of ingress would inevitably result in the speedy infection of the native hostels situated at regular intervals along the caravan routes, and of all points served by the railway.

The doctors, when they enlisted in the work at the request of the Department of the Interior, with authority directly from the Peking Government, supposed the way to be clear to them. It was indeed a damper, therefore, to receive a rebuff from the military governor of the threatened province of Shansi, when they applied for cooperation in isolating the infected areas. His Excellency was the owner of stock in the railway which the proposed quarantine would temporarily close to traffic. He professed to be unconvinced that the heavy toll daily being exacted by the infection was due to plague, and produced native medicine men who testified that the cause of the epidemic was a temporary disturbance of equilibrium between the hot and cold vapors, which regulate all human bodily metabolisms.

Human life is held in light esteem in China, and the representations of the missionary doctors that the unrestricted traffic from the infected centers would result in a loss of life, such as the country had seldom witnessed, was unconvincing to the thousands of fur merchants behind the mountain passes, and waiting to journey to their homes. In the meantime, precious time was being wasted and each passing day witnessed an alarming accession of the epidemic. When the establishment of an effective quarantine seemed out of the question, a providential intervention changed the situation completely. The plague appeared in the household of the refractory Governor and carried off several members of his

AN ORGANIZED FIGHT AGAINST DEATH

A MISSIONARY PHYSICIAN GE;TTING SPECIME;NS OF SPUTUM body-guard. The sudden invasion of the grim reaper accomplished, in a few hours, what days of reasoning and persuasion had failed to do. Under less tragic circumstances, the panic of the Governor and entire entourage would have been ludicrous. As if to atone for previous indifference and antagonism, the Governor began to cooperate wholeheartedly.

The doctors, however, were nqt so optimistic as to consider the mere picketing of the Governor's soldiers at the mountain passes a solution of the quarantine difficulties. Money talks a variety of languages, and the average Chinese soldier is an easy mark for its blandishments. In order to provide against this unavoidable leak, the field force of plague workers was organized into units. Each unit was directed by a doctor, and comprised a laboratory contingent, a scouting band or patrol, and a burying squad.

The patrols constituted the eyes of the entire organization, scrutinizing every passenger on the road. Unless he passed muster, the traveler was placed in a detention camp, and kept under observation for from four to six days. Clear cases of plague, of which there were many, were conveyed to the isolation. camps.

The doctor and his assistants secured immunity in the midst of these death-dealing influences only by the exercise of a labor-

ious and painstaking technique. The mistaken assumption that the epidemic was bubonic in type, where contact was necessary to infect, cost a number of doctors their lives. From that time there were no illusions among plague workers as to the deadly character of the infection. The personal equipment of each worker consisted of a complete suit of oilskins with hood, capable of enveloping every part of the wearer's body; top-boots reaching above the knees; surgeons' rubber gloves, aud last but of first importance, a respirator composed of surgical gauze, to cover completely the nose and mouth.

The fully panoplied plague worker, mounted and ready for action, presented a striking resemblance to the notorious "Ku Klux" night-riders after the Civil War days in America. His appearance in a plague-stricken village often inspired more terror among women and children than did the presence of the plague itself. The treatment of plague by medicinal or other means is futile, though several native remedies advertised as specifics were eagerly purchased by the people.

The foreign doctor's sole reliance was prophylaxis, applied to the person of the living victim, the bodies of the dead, the infected houses and their contents, and to everyone coming in contact with the infected individual or thing.

Sputa and blood were collected and sent to the laboratory section, to be reported on, and it was only after the incontestable verdict of the microscope, or culture-media had been received that disease or deaths in new centers were ascribed to plague infection. In some instances the entire population of villages and towns was annihilated, while again remarkable cases of natural or acquired immunity were brought to light. On the brick-built bed in one house were found four dead bodies, while the only surviving member of the family, a lad of eight years, sat beside the dead keeping lonely vigil. Another instance of absolute immunity was that of a beggar, who acquired a modest competence by hiring himself out as undertaker, in the caring for the bodies of plague victims. Afterward this beggar was fumigated, suitably clothed and used in the same capacity by the missionary doctors.

The dead bodies of plague victims were to be found everywhere along the trade-routes leading from the mountain passes. One unburied body might become a focus of infection for hundreds of persons journeying by the same route, hence the importance of searching out these bodies, and giving them appropriate burial.

The peculiar religious superstitions of the Chinese as regards the preparation and burying of the dead were a constant source of difficulty to the burying squad. To outwit the doctor and his undertakers, the family and friends of the deceased used many subterfuges. With the certain knowledge that a house concealed

the bodies of plague victims, it was frequently necessary for the squad to spend hours in discovering these. The cupboard where the family clothing and bedding were kept afforded a place of concealment; empty grain sacks were utilized for the same pur- pose, and in numerous instances, a body would be found secreted amid the shocks of fodder stored on the flat roof of the dwelling.

Treatment of the dead with quick-lime, and deep interment were not always proof against ghouls in the shape of hungry, half- starved dogs, with which the Mongolian desert is infested. Re- burying was often necessary and added greatly to the labor.

Hundreds of miles were traveled on horse .or donkey-back, tens of thousands of houses and their inmates inspected, the dead in- terred, and the living admonished as to the best means of avoiding infection.

The problem of safeguarding the railways of the country from infection presented special difficulties. With reference to the line to which the infected territory was tributary, the doctors were unanimously agreed that it should be closed. In the case of the great Peking-Hankow trunk line connecting the north and south of Ohina, the territory between Peking and Shnnteh-fu, a distance of three hundred miles, was divided into four parts, with a missionary doctor superintending each section. Each train carried a hospital car capable of accommodating seven or eight patients. The doctor and his staff inspected every passenger at the railway station, before the individual was permitted to purchase a ticket. Suspects were detained for a period of time covering the incubation of the disease, usually four days. An isolation hospital walil also provided for infected cases. In most instances these were .old temples adapted for use. All outgoing and incoming trains were subject to inspection, and ordinarily the doctor's day began at five in the morning, and ended at nine in the evening. If plague developed at any point along the line, the station at that place was closed, and appropriate measures were adopted to control the infection.

During the fortnight while the infection was spreading with such alarming rapidity and the best efforts of the little band of workers seemed to check it not in' the least, the anxiety of the foreign population of North Ohina was intense. War news became of secondary interest, and the press daily carried plague intelligence on their most conspicuous pages. A feeling of relief, comparable to that experienced at the news of the armistice, marked the first report of the beginning subsidence of the infection.

IN TIME OF FLOOD AND FAMINE Te American Red Cross, that beneficent agency whose activities are not circumscribed by nationality or classl but are coenstent

with human need the world over, came to the relief of the situation in North China during the floods and the famine that followed.

The missionary doctor's contribution was the organization of a complete Red Cross hospital unit, capable of caring for the population of an entire camp. There was a central hospital with sep~rate wards for men, women and children; a daily out-patient clinic, comparing in variety of pathological conditions attended with an average free clinic in a western city's slums. All who came to the camp entered by the fumigation and the soap and water route.

It was proved conclusively that the proverbial ounce of pre- vention is worth a pound of cure, for our wards escaped that dreaded visitation typhus or "starvation" fever, while our sister camps operated by the British were less fortunate.

The mere relating of a few of the outstanding features of this reclamation work does not convey an adequate impression of some of the problems in sanitation. Oleanliness and observance of the ordinary sanitary laws on the part of Ohinese of the plebeian order were not to be expected, save under compulsion, and wilful and repeated violations of the rules were dealt with hy the canceling of the offender'S ration ticket. A mealless day had a remarkable corrective influence in these cases.

The medical staff were not compelled to demit their calling as Christian missionaries when they undertook this benevolent enter- prise. While recognizing their paramount duty as clinicians to this great body of dependent humanity, the fact was never lost sight of that the claim was one which could not entirely be dis- charged when physical welfare was insured.

Many opportunities for Christian witness bearing at the time of dispensing, or lecturing on the elements of hygiene or sanitation to the children in the camp-school, were utilized. Also when an interpreter was needed in the commissary department, a splendid Ohristian fellow of education and tact was found for the position.

Thus, while no stated meetings of Ohristian character were held, a wholesome, Ohristian atmosphere was made to pervade the camp, and Christian ideals were impressed in all the manifold points of contact with the people.

It may be added in closing that the missionary doctors de- rived no pecuniary advantage from this work. The opportunity of serving their adopt£d country in a large way constituted its own reward, though the Central Government has recently acknowl- edged its appreciation by granting each doctor engaged in the work the decoration of the sixth order. But beyond every other consideration has been the desire to merit in some measure the commendation of the Master-" Inasmuch as ye have done it unto the least of these my brethren, ye have done it unto me." .

for the Medical

BY P. H. J. LERRIGO, M. D., BOSTON, MASS.

Candidate Secretary of the American Baptist Foreign Mission Society O NLY in recent decades have we realized the emphasis which was placed upon the alleviation of physical suffering by Him "who went about doing good and healing all who were oppressed by the deviL" For this reason the practise of medicine, in connection with missionary work has too often been a haphazard and inadequate procedure. The medical missionary has been the associate of the evangelist and not infrequently has the man who dealt exclusively with the soul been inclined to depreciate the work of the man who sought to heal the body.

There have, however, been many notable instances where the ability and desire to save men physically has coexisted with a divine earnestness for the salvation of men. Here it has been demonstrated that thorough-going efficiency on the part of the physician has doubled the power of his Christian message.

Within the past twenty years a great change has come in the practise of medicjne and surgery in America, as well as abroad. The preparation required of the medical student, the teaching ability and equipment of medical colleges, the requirements of state boards for the practise of medicine, have all been scrutinized most critically and new standards have been set. A broader general culture, a larger technical ability, a familiarity with hospital methods, an alert following of current research, are all expected of the modern physician. The results of this new emphasis are apparent in achievements undreamed of in previous days.

It was inevitable that the work of medical missions should be vitally affected by the new movement. Vigorous, energetic young men, trained in the most advanced schools, and giving themselves to the practise of medicine on the mission field, could not be satisfied with anything less than the highest grade of work; and the results achieved by such men have gradually brought about a new attitude toward medicine and surgery as a part of the great missionary enterprise.

The leading foreign mission boards are now insisting that medical men whom they send abroad shall be graduates of class A schools, and that in addition to the regular courses of study they shall spend one or two years in hospital work. At times they are urged to make themselves proficient in one or more of the specialties. Under these circumstances the boards should consider themselves pledged to provide their men with the equipment wherewith to utilize their unusual training. To place a well trained medical man in an isolated situation in some foreign field, 765

OPE;RATING UNDE;R PRIMITIVE; CONDITIONS IN AFRICA where he is perchance the only educated physician in a territory extending for hundreds of miles, and among a population of a million or more, and then to deny him the tools of his profession, is to break Jaith with the man whose devotion has led him to bring an uniquely developed personality· to the service of God. It is an economic waste of human slcill, which in these days of world need amounts almost to a crime.

ANCIENT AND MODERN EQUIPMENT The writer well remembers that when he first went abroad as a medical missionary, one of th!,! secretaries was most solicitous that he should understand that his professional work would be of very secondary importance, and suggested that he would probably have to work for a long time with a pocket case of instruments and drugs. Youth and inexperience led him to undertake the work, even so, trusting the future for developments, but he would have been justified in flatly refusing to go out under such terms, if it had been possible for him to be more adequately equipped. In fairness to the mission boards, it should be said that for a decade or more, they have fully recognized the importance of adequately equipping the medieal man, and where the means at their disposal has rendered it impossible to meet every need, no one has felt the deficiency more keenly than the officers of the boards.

Not only personal equipment has been inadequate, but the means have been lacking for taking care of thl)se who are ill. In many cases there have been no hospitals. One medical missionary told of performing an abdominal operation and leaving

1919J EQUIPMENT FOR THE MEDICAL MISSIONARY

the patient under the shade of a tree. Many a skilled surgeon is today caring for serious cases in a meagre mat shed in China or under the straw roof of a little hovel in Africa. The conven- iences of the operating room are generally wanting. The writer has operated on a dining table and used a buck saw to sever bones.

Sometimes a little shed with a corrugated iron roof is the only available shelter from the tropical sun. .

The microscope is indispensable to the physician in a tropical land, but the further equipment of a modern pathological and bacteriological laboratory, which does so much to augment the pow-, er of the lens, is often absent, and many a makeshift impairs the work of the otherwise skilful diagnostician and practitioner.

There is a serious phase of this matter of inadequate equiPIllent which is often overlooked, and that is the reaction upon the physi- cian himself. At first there is a whimsieal sense of combined amuse- ment and rebellion at the limita,tions of the case. But if the proper equipment is lacking for long,there comes a growing sellse of disappointment, together 'with a progressive decline in the skilful sensitiveness which accompanies the continued use of in- struments of precision. There is not only a failure to acquire the higher grades of dexterity which ought t? come with growing OPERATING ROOM OFA MODERN MISSION HOSPITAJ"

~xperience,' but there may even be a loss of the skill already acquired, and the physician settles down into the rough and ready commonplaces of "rule of thumb" medicine.

One of the most encouraging phases of the present renewed interest in the foreign mission enterprise, is the very manifest determination to bring to a higher degree of efficiency its medical and hospital branches. The,new surveys and campaigns now being outlined by the various denominations provide specifically for adequate equipment of dispensari es, hospitals, medical schools, A PRIMITIVE STYLE "MEDICINE HOUSE" AND LITTLE TIN HOSPITAl. IN THE CONGO nurses' training schools and laboratories. The young men and women who are now responding to the calls to this branch of service may go forward in the confident assurance that they will not be called 'upon to suffer as have some of their predecessors for the physical means to make the most of their professional accomplishments.

In connection with the new financial campaigns, both denominational and interdenominational, men and women of wealth may well give consideration to the privilege of furnishing these selfdenying young physicians and nurses with the first, class, modern equipment needed. The trained powers and consecrated youth, which they are bringing to the task, should lead anyone to covet the opportunity to unleash these powers, and even to augment them by supplying the best kind of professional equipment available to insure their use and growth.

To such it may be of interest to know what is comprised in a modern hospital equipment, and the expense involved. The follow-

EQUIPMENT FOR THE MEDICAL MISSIONARY ,769

ing specifications and figures for a twenty-five bed hospital, have been furnished by one of the most prominent manufacturers of instruments and hospital furniture in America.

Operating room furniture SOO.OO 5,SOO.OO Including operating table, instrument stands and dressing 2,300.00 table, solution and irrigator stands, instrument cabinets, stools, etc……………………………………. $ 300.00 Sterilizing room equipment Including sterilizers for instruments, dressings, water and utensils, also disinfector and high pressure boiler. . . . . . .. $ Ulard equip1nent (25 beds) Including beds, mattresses. bedside tables, screens, dressing carriages, food carriages, chairs, nurse's desks, stretcher, etc. ………………………………………… $ Dispensary equipment Including examining and dressing tables, irrigators, chairs, stools, utensils, etc…………………………….. $ Total $ 9,200.00 X-Ray Installation Complete, 10 KW 3,000.00 1,000.00 Including tubes for radiography and fluoroscopy, pro- tective screens, fluoroscopic and radio-s~ereoscopic table, SOO.OO 500.00 plate safe, developing tank, etc.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. $ Equipment of Surgical Instruments …………………… . Sundry equipment, including rubber goods, glassware and steel porcelain ……………………………………. . Laboratory equipment ………………………………. .

Total $14,500.00 To this should be added 1,000.00 500.00 Linen for wards, operating room, nurses, etc., including bed linen, blankets, pillows, towels, sheets, gowns, etc…… .

Kitchen equipment, including stove, boiler, furniture, china, cutlery, utensils, etc…………………………… .

Grand total…………………………………. $16,000.00 No attempt has been made to include the cost of the hospital building, as this would vary greatly according to the. field where it is located. The figures range probably between fifteen thousand and thirty-five thousand dollars for a twenty-five bed hospital.

Nor has .provision been made for the furnishing of nurses' dormitories and sitting rooms, as these would naturally be included in the nurses' home, which should be separate. The furnishing of private rooms haS' also been omitted, but in case these were added, further additions would be necessary to the general equipment. The plumbing, the office and reception room equipment, have been considered part of the building itself, and therefore omitted.

The relative cost wouid be much reduced by increasing the size of the hospital, as much of this equipment would not need to be duplicated in enlarging its capacity to fifty beds Or even more. .

The figures given may be considered by some at first glance somewhat high, but it should be borne in mind that an effort has been made to list an adequate, modern, surgical eq1tipment. Modifications might be made, for example, by greatly enlarging the dispensary equipment to accommodate an extensive, out-patient A MODERN MISSION HOSPITAL IN CHINA IN PROCESS OF CONSTRUCTION department. On the other hand the cost could be cut considerably by eliminating such items as a disinfector and high pressure boiler; this would reduce the sum by more than three thousand dollars.

It is safe to say that such equipment would rejoice the heart of any medical man undertaking missionary service; and would enable him to do work of a grade similar to that of any first class American hospital, so far as material equipment can contribute to this end.

Native Doctors and

BY O. R. AVISON, M. D., SEOUL, KOREA P resident of Severance Union Medical College and Chosen Chri sti an Coll ege A T the beginning of mission- ary effort the emphasif>, and . indeed practically the whole effort, must be put on Christian- izing as many persons as pos- sible. In tIris early stt'.ge, the medical energy must have two aims, to relieve as much suffer- ing as possible and thus Rmpha- size Christianity as a r eligion of love and service, and to att.ract as many people as possible to the newly preached religion.

But in due time the demand for the new kind of medical practice grows in volume, so that the mis- sions cannot expect to provide a sufficient number of physi cians and nurses from the homeland ·to meet it. Native physicians, A KOREAN DOCTOR AT WORK nurses, dentists, pharmacists, Dr. S"'fHSev~:'::~e elr.ed~g:[i~~Ue~:, r.~~late of opticians, must be trained in modern methods.

A second reason for establishing training schools for natives soon presents itself, namely, the advantage that will accrue to the churches and to society in general to have a large group of scien- tifically educated Christians occupying so many influential posi- tions. . They will give strength to the work, financial backing to the Church, and raise the whole standard of Christian and social thought. They will also become teachers in hygiene and sanitation, and so will greatly enhance the general physical and mental well- being of the whole people. What could better give the Church stability to meet the onslaught of "science falsely so called" than a goodly group of Christian men who, with a scientific education, stand firm in the faith T When I first reached Seoul, in the summer of 1893, I saw on the hillsides outside of the city wall numerous straw tents, just large enough to hold one person, and on inquiry found that each contained a man or woman sick with fever. The Koreans were very much afraid of this particular kind of fever because of its 771

contagious nature, and whenever a suspected case occurred in their homes, they moved the patient out on to the hillside and built such a shelter over him. He was fed by some members of the family who brought food daily to him, passing it to him in the tent. They had no way of preventing the spread of the disease, except by such a system of isolation, and no way of treating the cases successfully. On watching the cases, I was able to diagnose them as mainly typhus fever, relapsing fever, typhoid, etc., most of them being relapsing fever.

We have had many epidemics of relapsing fever since that time, and are having a very heavy one this year. But the differ- ence in the treatment of the patients is very marked. These cases come to our dispensary every day and even our medical students can almost recognize them at sight. The diagnosjs is now made by the Korean students by means of a microscope. They extract a drop of blood from the patient's ear, place it at once under a microscope and search for the little white spirilla, which can be found wriggling around in the blood, so that within fifteen minutes the dia.g- nosis of relapsing fever can ordinarily be made. The patient is then put into the receiving ward, clothing removed and deloused, and his hair clipped short, after which he is bathed and put to bed, and an intravenous injection of the proper medicine given. All this may take one or two hours. About six hours after the injection of the medicine the patient's fever drops and convalescence sets in. All of this work can be done now even by our Korean medical students, as I have said, and so a large number of patients can be treated in each mission hospital, and not only in mission hospitals but by our graduates throughout the country. Had these men not been thus trained the number of patients treated would necessarily be small.

The transmission of this disease, as well as of typhus fever which is also epidemic here, is by means of bedbugs and body lice, and this fact, of course, is impressed upon all our medical students and nurses, so that as they go out to practice in all parts of the country this information is being spread to every hamlet and is leading to a determined effort to exterminate all sorts of vermin from the bodies and homes of the people.

Again, since this present epidemic began, several of our Korean doctors have come to IDf and suggested that they undertake an investigation to find out where all the patients were coming from and the conditions under which they were living.

These investigations have been carried on by Korean p7vysimans trained in our medical school, and it is only through the medium of such trained men that the necessary knowledge concerning such matters can be spread throughout the country so as to bring any hope of eradicating such epidemics. Without such

TRAINING NATIVE DOCTORS AND NURSES

trained natives, the small number of medical missionaries would not be able even to treat the patients who come to them, let alone thinking of much in the way of attempts to control the condition giving rise to the epidemic.

The graduates of our medical college are now scattered not only throughout Korea but are to be found in China, Manchuria and Siberia, and they are doing all kinds of surgery, even to the removal of abdominal tumors, so that men and women also in these places, far removed from the possibility of consulting foreign physicians, can now get relief through the men whom we have trained.

Dr. S. H. Hong, one of the first class of men whom we graduated, although he has never beeu anywhere else to study, is now doing all the eye work of our institution, including eye surgery and the fitting of spectacles, not only for our Korean patients but for practically all the foreigners in this country, to whom he gives very general satisfaction. He also teaches this branch to our medical students, so that the knowledge which we imparted to one man, he is now Conveying to the whole body of medical students, who in their turn will be able to give relief to great numbers of people in this country who suffer from eye troubles or who need glasses. It would have been possible for us to treat only a very limited number of these cases, but through the training given to this man, which he is now passing on as mentioned above, there is an ever increasing chance that the majority of the cases in the country can be looked after.

Our skin clinic, and all the skin work of the hospital, is now under the direct charge of a Korean physician. He received his general medical education in America, but obtained his special education in skin diseases in Japan in addition to what we gave him here, and now he is conducting the largest clinic in our institution, so that every day some sixty skin cases are being relieved by him and his assistants, while the knowledge that he is in turn giving our medical students will bring relief to countless thousands who, but for our medical school, would have to continue to suffer.

But the medical school is not ouly educating young men; we have also a large class of young women who are being trained as nurses. A few years ago the nursing profession was entirely unknown in this country, and it has been found very difficult to secure even a limited number of nurses from the homelands, but the organization of our nursing school has already resulted in the preparation of more than fifty nurses for whose services there is a demand greater than can be supplied. Indeed, were it not for the development of these native nurses, our mission hospitals could nof; have continued to exist. Certainly the work of our medical graduates throughout the country would be impossible.

Call for Missionary

BY T. DWIGHT SLOAN, M. D., NANKING, CHINA N o MISSIONARY is so difficult to secure as a nurse. This is strange indeed in view of the unparalleled need and oppor- tunity. There is scar·cely a mission hospital in the foreign field that is not urgently asking for nurses. Strong, noble, Christian womeri are needed not only to nurse the patients but to dignify their profession in the eyes of the people, so that native nurses may be respected. Until this is brought about it will not be safe to trust young native nurses to go out among their own people. It is impossible to make our mission hospitals effective without a staff of trained nurses.

The University Hospital at Nanking, China, is supported, by five cooperating missionary societies and a li1:Jeral annual grl}llt from the China Medical Board. It has a training school for male nurses and contemplates opening a school for young women nurses. The hospital is the only general mission hospital in a city of 300,000 people and draws patients from a wide outlying district. Three years ago funds were provided for the support of three additional trained nurses, urgently needed. There was but one on the ground at that time and she carrying an almost impossible load. Appeals were sent out through the usual Mission Board channels and representatives in America have exerted themselves with the result that to date, three years since the appeal went out, but one of the three nurses required has been found.

In most cases the missionary nurse is a true pioneer. She has the joy of working out the adaptation of her training to the conditions which she meets. In many cases with the pbysician's help, the missionary nurse will undertake a training scbool and thus will multiply her usefulness. The fascination of teaching these young pupils to be clean, to be kind and to serve grows with tbe days. Moreover the instilliJlg into their eager young minds the noble Christian ideals which should actuate tbe profession will bave a determining effect on future generations of nurses.

Not only in the bospital but in the homes of the people the missionary nurse will find a tremendous opportunity for service. It would be imptJssible to exaggerate tbe horrors of the midwifery system in operation in most non-Christian countries. Noone can do so much in overcoming this great cause of suffering and death to mothers and children as the missionary nurse.

There is today an imperative call to women of unselfish Christian spirit and thorough training wbo are willing to go as missionary 774 FIRST FILIPINO NURSES GRADUATED ~'ROM THE MISSION HOSPITAL. ILOILO nurses to put their shoulders under the heavy end of the load to help bear it for Jesus Christ.

There are in America today 700,000 graduate nurses, as compared with about 600 who have gone out to the mission fields. Li'rom the 70,000 nurses in training schools, last year not more than 50 went out under missionary societies to serve their suffering sisters in foreign lands. Surely the call has not been heard or it would be heeded.

Promoting Health in

The Ohina Medical Board of the Rockefeller Foundation BY MR. ROGER S. GREENE, SHANGHAI, CHINA Resident Director of the China Medical Board T HE Rockefeller Foundation was organized, under a charter granted by the State of New York in 1913, to promote the . well-being of mankind throughout the world. During the great war a large part of its attention has been devoted to 1he administration of relief work, but most of its more or less permanent activities have been in the promotion of medical education, research and public health. The nrst department to be organized was the International Health Board, which carried on the campaign against the hookworm.

As Mr. Rockefeller and his associates had long been especially interested in the possibility of doing a useful work in Ohina, the attention of the Foundation was early directEd to that country. In the spring and summer of 1914, a commission headed by President Harry Pratt Judson of the University of Ohicago was sent to Ohina to investigate the medical situation there, and to report as to the desirability of entering that neld. Upon receiving a favorable report from this commission the Foundation decided to undertake systematic operations in Ohina for the promotion of modern medicine, in both the treatment and the prevention of disease, and for this purpose it organized as one of its departme'nts the Ohina Medical Board.

The Oommission found a great deal of valuable medical work being done in China, particularly in the hospitals established by Ohristian missionary societies. The old fear and suspicion of the foreign medical man had almost entirely disappeared. Every missionary doctor had more work than he could do, and many had won the esteem and support of their constituencies to a wonderful degree. Medical schools had also been established by the Ohinese Government, by the missions and other agencies, foreign and Chinese; but both schools and hospitals lacked the staff and equipment necessary to train really first class men, who would be prepared to tak& the lead in the development of medical science in their own country.

In these circumstances the most urgent need seemed to be for the establishment of medical education upon a sound basis, as the first step in any work looking to the improvement of health conditions in Ohina j for it was obvious that unless highly qualified 776 A CHINESE CARTOON-SACRIFICING TO DEMONS IN BEHALF OF THE SICK Chinese could be trained, no large and permanent results could be anticipated. Accordingly the China Medical Board adopted as the most important part of its program the founding of one or more medical schools, and the strengthening of certain others which had already been started. Since the purpose is to train men from whom will come leaders in teaching and r~search, it has been de- <cided that the schools in the management of which the Ohina Medi- ,cal Board has a voice shall be of the highest possible standards, with faculties and equipment that shall not be inferior to those of :good schools in the West. This makes it necessary that instruction be given through the medium of the English language, partly be- ,cause of the lack of suitable textbooks and journals in Ohinese, and partly because it is not possible to find a sufficient number of professors of high scientific attainments who have a thorough knowledge of Ohinese, or who could acquire it without encroaching too much on the time needed for their professional work. Since teaching without constant investigation of scientific problems is dead, and could not be expected to produce a live, independent medical profession in Ohina, it has been decided that the staff shall be given ample time and facilities for research work. An important part of the plan is to provide facilities for postgraduate study

by Chinese and foreign doctors, so that they may keep abreast of modern developments in medical science after they have completed their formal undergraduate course.

The second important branch of the work of the China Medical Board consists in the strengthening of hospitals in various parts of the country. While the 'opportunity to aid in the relief of some of the present sickness and suffering in China is welcomed, this part of the Board's activities also has an important educational significance. In the first place, aid given towards enlarging the staff of a hospital makes possible a higher degree of specialization, through division of the field of medicine and surgery between the doctors. It will also allow the staff to avail themselves of the opportunitics offered for postgraduate study at the schools. Perhaps even more important is the provision in this manner of suitable places in which future graduates of the medical schools can work, with at least the minimum requirements in the way of staff, buildings and equipment, without which even the best trained doctor may be almost helpless. Wlith this in view, aid is being given toward the securing of more nearly adequate nursing and toward the construction of new buildings and the purchase of equipment. In a few cases contributions are made towards the increased maintenance expenses that come with introduction of higher professional standards.

In connection with the development of schools and hospitals it was decided to offer a number of fellowships and scholarships to doctors and nurses, for advanced study abroad. This involves not only money grants, but to a certain extent assistance to the recipients in planning their course of study, and in securing for them admission to the hospitals and laboratories where they can get the facilities that they need.

The first step in working out the plan of medical education has been the re-organization of the Peking Union Medical College, an institution which had previously been maintained by six British and American missionary societies. The entire support was assumed by the China Medical Board, and a board of trustees was incorporated in which the Rockefeller Foundation and the missionary societies are represented.

A new plant is being constructed, consisting of four laboratory buildings, and a hospital of 225 beds, in which the clinical instruction of the last two years will be given. The cornerstone of the first laboratory was laid in 1917 by the Chinese Minister of Education, and this 'building is now ready for use. The whole plant will be completed by the end of 1920. On account of the lack of suitable preparatory courses in other institutions in China it has been necessary to establish at Peking, besides the medical school proper, a pre-medical school with a three year course, in which students

PHILANTHROPY PROMOTING HEALTH IN CHINA

are given laboratory courses of college grade in chemistry, physics and biology, besides instruction in Chinese and foreign languages.

The Rockefeller Foundation has purchased a site j.n Shanghai for a second medical school, but owing to the war the carrying out of the plans for this institution has been postponed. Aid has been given to two medical schools in the control of which the Foundation has no share, the Shantung Christian University Medi- cal School at Tsinan, and the Hunan-Yale Medical College at Changsha. The former is supported by a group of British and American missionary societies and is the result of the concen- tration in one place of interests that were formerly divided be- tween four weak schools. This school is teaching in Chinese, and its supporters hope that it will play an important part in providing at once assistants for the numerous mission hospitals scattered throughout the country.

Up to the end of 1918 the China Medical Board had made appropriations to 31. mission hospitals, the payments for which will come to a total of $676,889 spread over nine years. In spite of delays due to the war and unfavorable exchange, great improvements have already been made in many hospitals, particularly near Peking. In certain cases contributions from the China Medical Board were largely responsible for the changes, while in others the money was received. mainly or altogether from other sources. Besides financial assistance, the representatives of the Board have aided in planning for the proposed improvements, and they have been able occasionally to induce young Chinese doctors to accept employment in mission hospitals at smaller salaries than they could secure outside, for the sake of the better working conditions to be obtained in them. When the organi-z.ation of the medical schools is completed it is hoped that the schools will becomtl increasingly useful to the missionary doctors in outlying points, not only by offering postgraduate instruction, but also by placing at the service of the medical profession their libraries and diagnostic .facilities, and by providing for the treatment of difficult cases that cannot be conveniently received by the smaller hospitals.

The desire of the China Medical Board is to cooperate with all who are working for the development of modern medical science in China, and by no means to replace or embarrass the work which others are doing, for the task is far larger than any private body could hope to accomplish alone. It may be, however, that timely aid by foreign organizations at the present juncture, when the Chinese government and people are preoccupied with pressing economic and political problems, may hasten the time when China shall have a modern medical profession adequate to her needs, and shall be prepared herself to protect the health of her people.

of Medical Missions in

BY DR. ROBERT C. BEEBE, SHANGHAI, CHINA Executive Secretary of the China Medical Missionary Association MEDIOAL mission work in Ohina has had both a direct and an indirect influence. The direct benefit to the individual has been marked in bringing relief from disabling conditions, and in an indirect way has had an equally marked and positive effect on the community and finally on the whole nation.

During the early days of medical work in Nanking, when there was general and strong prejudice against the foreigner and all his works, a patient came to the hospital with cataract in both eyes that caused complete blindness. Ail. operation restored sight and the patient went back to his friends, not only a happy man but a useful member of the community where before he had been a care and an expense. It needs no argument to show what effect this single event had on the attitude of the individual and the community. This is but one incident among thousands that have been reported by medical missionaries all over Ohina. The continued effect has been to break down prejudice and to open many a door not only to the Gospel which gave this work its impelling force and continuous life, but to western civilization, with its education, commerce and higher ideals of government.

Eighty-five years ago the first hospital was started on the border of a closed land. Almost two million square miles, with over three hundred million people, were wrapped in ignorance and manifested unfriendly opposition. After nine years, when five ports had been opened, a daring few essayed to penetrate these "regions beyond" and from that day to this with scant equipment, small staff-more often single handed-the medical missionary has entered every province, and at the risk of disaster and even death, he has done his beneficent service, with great patience, overcoming every discouragement. The influence of his work has penetrated and in a really marvelous way has caused the barriers to disappear, and has brought about a wonderful change in attitude and conditions among those who were once the most conservative people of the world.

The Ohinese people have gradually come to understand that the medical missionaries were causing the blind to see, the lame to walk, the physically burdened to be free. They learned that mothers were saved in childbirth and that children were rescued from lifelong handicaps; the lepers, the incurably blind, the poor and helpless were also helped and cared for by the same friends 780 A HELPLESS CRIPPLE A USEFlTL WOMAN THE CHANGE WROUGHT BY MODERN SCIENCE IN I-IANGCHOW HOSPITAL from foreign lands. As the people and government recognized the beneficent character of this work, they began to. assist, first by generous contributions, and then by opening government hospitals on western lines and by securing western trained Chinese surgeons for the army and navy. Now, nearly every provincial government has it western trained doctors, and both the army and the navy have their medical schools.

Other marked evidences of the influence of medical mission work is found in the widespread adoption by the Chinese of vaccination against smallpox, the adoption by a number of prominent Chinese cities of public health measures such as city sanitation, isolation hospitals and publication of official proclamations against unsanitary conditions. Foreign drugs, such as quinine against malaria, are increasingly used, and measures are more and more intelligently taken to prevent the spread of plague, cholera and other eflidemics. The government supports a Plague Prevention Service, wholly staffed with Chinese physicians who have had weRtern training. In some cases the effort is crude but in others it is efficiently managed. Every effort shows an advance toward bet" ter things and has in it the promise that one of the most backward nations ill l!Ianitation will one day be among the foremost.

Medical work has had a large share also in fighting the opium habit and traffic, the custom of footbinding and domestic slavery, and in calling attention to the dangers of unsanitary conditions usually surrounding childbirth.

The scientific nursing and care of the sick has come to China through the medical missionary, and its value is widely recognized; while young men and young women are being trained in mission hospitals throughout Ohina for this Christ-like service.

For many years the only Red Cross service in China was ren- dered by medical missionaries who are still a large factor when- ever any extended work is required. But China now has its Red Cross organization and is affiliated with the international organi- zation. .

The first attempt in China to care for the insane was started in Canton by a medical missionary. This is still condncted as a medical missionary enterprise, and is held in great favor by the government and people.

It was soon evident that medical missionaries, few in number, limited in equipment and funds, could not meet the 'demands that were overwhelming them; and recognizing that the work must eventually be taken up by the Chinese themselves" if the work was to become permanent and far reaching, in nearly all of the widely scattered hospitals some attempt was made to train helpers, and thus supplement the efforts of the medical missiona.ry and in- crease his usefulness. Later, several hospitals combined or gave to one of their number this special work of preparing hospital assistants, or as the more ambitious called them, doctors. Finally there gradually came into existence some fifteen or more medical schools, connected with mission hospitals, which were devoting time and great energy to the instruction of medical students. None of these were adequa.tely equipped. Often one foreign physician bore the burden in instruction which had to be extended over a long period of time, but out from this altruistic effort came a large number of young men with some skill, fair efficiency and higher ideals than had ever been given to Chinese young men and women before. These demonstrated their value and high worth in ex- tending the work 'of medical missions as well as in gallllllg con- fidence and friends for western medicine, and the missionary en- terprise that promoted it.

.~At the same time the medical missionary body recognized that with the limited resources at their command it would be im- pOl'lsible to give their students the thorough training that modern medicine demands, or to meet in any adequate way the demand for the incomplete training they had been giving. This led to con- centration of effort i1l1 fewer schools, with higher. standards and lar&,er I'Ita£fs of teachers. The ChillleBe theJ!l1!!elves attempted to

INFLUENCE OF MEDICAL MISSIONS IN CHINA

meet the demands, but could do so only in a very unsatisfactory manner.

At this juncture, the Rockefeller :b-'oundation sent two commissions to China to investigate conditions. Their final decision was that the work of medical missions in China should be strengthened, that the Foundation should undertake work in China that should be "a distinct contribution to missionary endeavor."

For the medical missionary who had toiled in faith and hope to overcome seemingly insurmountable obstacles, here was a vision to make his heart glad. That China is to have opportunities in modern medicine that shall stand in the front rank of the world is as marvelous as it is unprecedented.

The buildings for the Peking School will be completed probably within the present year. A faculty is being collected, among whom are several medical missionaries who have served a term in regular mission work. The world war has delayed this feature as well as the inauguration of the Shanghai School.

During 1917 over $100,000 was given to aid mission medical schools in China. Nearly $50,000 gold was given to mission hospitals in a dozen different centers and over $45,000 wa.s given to enable fifty-six individuals to go to the United States for study and training.

Fears' have been expressed that in an institution of so highly technical a character, where so much attention will be given to thorough professional training, the religious aim and spirit will not have an opportunity to live and grow. This is a danger, and it besets every such institution under whatever auspices, whether at home or on the mission field. The great demand upon both teachers and pupils leaves little time for the things of the Spirit, and in this crowded hurrying world of today it is a danger that confronts the busy missionary doctor and teacher as well as the busy man of affairs at home. The Rockefeller Foundation has recognized this and is sending out as one of the staff of the Peking School a man who has demonstrated his efficiency as a religious worker, who will have no other duties than to work for the moral and religious welfare of the students. For this work a special building is being constructed that is to be an attractive religious center for the institution.

The spirit and atmosphere of every institution should be a matter of concern to all well wishers for mankind; and we must. view with hope and confidence every effort to widen and perfect our knowledge and efficiency, believing it to be the fulfilment of the prayer to "Send forth Thy light and Thy truth."

of a Medical

BY PAUL W. HARRISON, M. D., BAHREIN, ARABIA " y Missionary of the Reformed Church in America ES, " says the venerable patriarch, who might have posed for a picture of Abraham, "three months ago, I smelled a bad smell, and ever since I have had this pain in my knee. My own opinion is that it is wind on the knee, for I often have wind in my head, and it travels on occasion in various directions, and causes me much discomfort. I have been told by many doctors that my qisposition is dry and hot. They told me to brand my skin on the left temple, and on the right ankle. I did so, but gained no benefit from it. Then I branded myself on the abdomen, for they say that such brands are very beneficial for those whasl' dispositions are hot and dry. The knee, however, is DO better."

Here the old man stops to get his breath, and the busy doctor . hastily seizes the opportunity to ask a few questions and to examiIlP the knee in question.

'" … "How old are you 7" "God knows," replies the Bedouin, much surprised at such a question. "Perhaps thirty or forty or fifty." "Or sixty or seventy or eighty," suggests the doctor. "Yes, possibly, God knows, but I do not want any medicine for myself. My mother has something the matter with her eyes." "Yes, where is she1" "Oh, she-she is back in the desert." "Well, go bring her here." "Bring her! It is fifteen days' journey. She has wind in her body, and various pains with some swelling in her feet. One of her eyes is white too, and her back paIns her extremely. At night she cannot see well."

"No," says the doctor, "I am sorry, but it is quite impossible.

We cannot treat people that way."

"Have pity on her, for I am your brother," says the Bedouin, "and give me some medicine for her." The doctor, however, is . '" '" quite immovable.

But if ignorance is bad, dirt is worse.

The Bedouin has some excuse. He cannot take a bath, for all the water he knows of is needed for internal use. The town Arabs are even worse than the Bedouins. If ever the dirtiest things in this world are collected, I am sure that in the collection 784

eXPERIENces OF A MEDICAL MISSIONARY

there will be the head of a Bedouin, the clothes of an Oman Arab, IlIld the house of a town Arab.

'* * $: But the Arabs are cheerful, no matter how hard their luck is, and their confidence in the doctor is wonderful.

Their loyalty to each other is magnificent. Little boys take care of their fathers in a way that brings tears to the doctor's eyes. I n:member one little Persian of perhaps six years who took care of his father, a hopeless nephritic. The little chap kept his father clean, arrangpd his bed, and served him in every way possi- ble, with as fine a filial devotion as I ever hope to see. He cheered him up when the sick man was discouraged. A word, .and he was up and hard at work in the middle of the night. The last night he realized that things were not going as they should, and he went off through the strange city, in the middle of the night, to bring the sick man's relatives. The loyal little fellow's grief, when his father died, was beyond measure. He could not understand a word of Arabic, but he had learned to look on the doctor as his friend, and he came to him and cried, and the doctor's eyes were not altogether dry then, either.

*** Once, I saw a student who explained that he hoped to be a medical missionary, because, as he did not expect to be It first-class doctor at home, he wanted a place wh€l'e a man of his size would fit. That man mistook the place. Here is a patient with a history of some fever, an enormous spleen, and markPd ancmia, but he has not malaria. He has spleno-mydogenous lrukfmia. That big basket that thry have just brought into 1he yard on a donkry has a desperately sick man in it-some acute abdominal condition, which requires immediate operation. Your best guess is perforated gastric ulcer, but you fed foolish on opming the abdomen to find that it is acute volvulus. That is to say, you feel foolish afterwards. For an hour and a half you are too busy to feel foolish, as ~'ou hunt for the location of the tronblr, and finally correct it, making in the procrss an abdominal incision such as you never faW in all your hospital experimce in America. That other man has an enlarg-rd prostate, and you rf'commend certain prdimin'lry treatment, wi1h an eventual operation. But he is a desprrate risk. His bIadr1rr has been up above his umbilicus for months, and you are a little relievrd when they demand medicine and flatly rrfuse all other trratmcnt. The man lwhind him has a hernia which 1'('achrs down to his knees. You scratch your head and speculate on the capacity of the abdomen above, and rrmrIPb('r 1hnt casrs of that type, even at home, run a mortality of perhaps thirty-three per cent.

Noone morning brings such an array of cases, but those mentioned were some of the more or less special cases of perhaps two months' time.

The Mason Memorial Hospital in Bahrein, on the Persian Gulf, was built for about thirty-five patients, but we have demon- strated that its capacity is at least seventy-five. When men lie on the floor a small hospital will accommodate a good many people. I amuse myself sometimes by imagining the meditations of the hospital superintendent in America, during my interneship days, if she could see our men's ward. In a general way the patients occupy the beds if there are any vacant, and their friends who like to stay near them sleep on the floor, frequently under the bed. Bed- ouins may put up their black hair-cloth tent in the big back yard, thus providing a private ward on short notice. They bring their little charcoal burners, and their coffee pots, and their rice ket- tles, so that the ward looks like a Bedouin encampment. Indeed that is just what it is. In the morning, when it has been carefully swept out, it assumes quite a neat appearance, but such an abnor- mal condition does not last a great while, and long before noon, it has such an appearance as would make orderly western hair stand upright. The patients, though, are well cared for. Most of the hospital assistants cannot read or write, but they learn to be very skilful in caring for the sick; and as the patient's friends are there with him, he gets just the sort of care he is accustomed to. Other t.hings being equal, this is the best thing for him.

'* '* '* Such is medical practise in the hospital, but compared to the experiences of touring, it is refined civilization. The only pull- mans that we have in Arabia are camels, and frequently some camel in the caravan is quite a dangerous neighbor. On our last trip to Riadh one camel was loaded with long iron pipes, and his wandering propensities made him a public menace. It was not safe to get within yards of that animal. for if he turned suddenly to bite off a savory bit of camel thorn, those pipes would sweep the landscape in a terrifying way. He had a habit, too, of coming up behind one's camel, just when you were taking a nap. You would be awakened by the startling apparition of these dangerously vibrating pipe ends coming up alongside, and missing your back by a quarter of an inch or so, according to your startled imagination. The trouble is they do not always miss you, even by a quarter of an inch.

Once arrived, we realized how unpopular a human being can be, for Riadh is the center of orthodox Mohammedanism, and why a man should sacrifice his soul to get his body patched up, is more than many of them can see. Work was light, especially at first, but not free from enlivening incidents.

EXPERIENCES OF A MEDICAL MISSIONARY 78'1

All medical work on such a tour must be done in a native house, open to everybody. The crowd that witnesses your operations surpasses that of any professor of surgery in New York. The courtyard is jammed with people, often hundreds of them. It is trying on the nerves, but in a strange and hostile city secrecy means suspicion, and it is important to avoid it. In Hassa we performed fifty major operations in two weeks, and those fifty operations practically opened the city. There are many handicaps when work is done in that way. We also killed flies with arsenic solutions till the whole place seemed filled with dead and dessicated insects, and the well in the courtyard could hardly be used, it was so full of dead flies.

We work and pray that medical service may bring Christ to these men. The hospital in-patients are the best field that we have for the message of the Gospel. The aim is to work with each patient personally every day, and keep an accurate record of his reaction to the Christian message, and of its effect upon him~ From such records we try to decide what aspects of the Gospel appeal most to the Arab mind. Just now we are trying out a new idea. Instead of going over different ground each day, some simple presentation of the Gospel is taken, like the parable of the Good Shepherd, and the same ground is gone over every day for the patient's entire stay. Experience has shown that the elements of the Gospel are very difficult for the Arab to grasp, soaked as he is in Mohammedanism, and we are hoping in this way to secure better results. The tours into the interior offer a unique evangelistic opportunity. On the Oman coast, where no missionary had been for ten years, an Arab came for special Christian instruction. There is spiritual thirst in those desert cities, and in the wild Bedouin tribes.

The need for more medical workers in Arabia is great. For the whole peninsula, (including Baghdad), there are only five men physicians and two women doctors-or one medical missionary to ahout one million people. These Arabs have no idea of sanitation, of disease prevention, or Of modern medicine and surgery. The trag('dy of the medical situation in Arabia lies in the lack of suffici('nt equipment and workf'rs. The opportunity is shown in the large numbers who come to the hospitals for treatment, in the faith of the people in Christian physicians, and in the opening of the formerly closed towns of the interior to medical missionaries. Doctors soften hearts and make friends. On Dr. Harrison's first trip to Riadh, at the spf'cial invitation of the powerful sheikh, he W:lS able to opf'n his clinics with a hrif'f prayer sf'rvice. Central Arabia cannot be opened and occupied without medical men.

PATIB;NT WITH A 34·l.B. TUMOR AFTER THE

RELIEVING THE BURDEN OF INDIAN WOMEN Medical Work for Women in India BY DR. A. S. KUGLER, GUNTUR, INDIA Missionary of the United Lutheran Church, 1883~ "A F.mMALE missionar.y who knew something of medica'i 1"".. science would readily find accpss into the secluded homes of the high caste Hindus. Would to God that we had such an agency ready." Thus wrote Alexander Duff about one ".himdrnl years ago.

The first of May, 1869, stands out as a rei! leticr day in the ' history of the women in India, for 011 th~t day in Naini Tal, North .India, four timid Indian women stood before 1he Board of English Physicians and rfcciVf'd certificatf's in Anatomy and Midwifery, Pharmacy and Minor Surgery. The same year Dr. Clara Swain saikd frem America [lS the first woman physician sent to Asia. .and on her arrival in Bareilly in 1870 began to instruct a class of 'medical studmts. Thus, from 1he beginning the principle was recognized that the women of India must be prepared to minister to th!'ir sisters.

No mortal pen could write in full the story of the fifty years fof woman's medical wOTk in India. but the hrief records show that it is through' medical mission work more than through any other 788

MEDICAL WORK FOR WOMEN IN

agency that the East and the West are becoming one. In India" caste and custom keep 40,000,000 wom£ll in seclusion, 2,273,245' children under ten years of age are wives, and 27,000,000 girls and women are widows. It is the medical women who are able to 1mter doors closed to all others.

When the Maharani (Princess) of Poona was restored to health through the ministrations of a medi(,lal missionary of the Church of England Zenana Mission, she sent to Queen Victoria a message, to be delivered in person by the missionary doctor: "Tell our Queen what we women of the zenanas suffer when we are ilL" In response to this message the Lady Dufferin Association: for the medical education and the medical relief of the women of India was established in 1885. This Association has furnished re-, lief to the bodies of millions of suffering women and children, and' as a philanthropic work is to be commended. The medical schools of Calcutta, Bombay, Madras, and Agra have been open to women· since 1876.

To train Christian medical women to serve their Indian sisters a School of Medicine for Christian women was opened in Ludhiana in 1894. For twenty-five years Dr. Edith Brown has been at the head of this interdenominational school. Miss MacDougall, Principal of the Women's Christian College, Madras, wrote of this school: 1 "The excellence of the staff, the efficiency of the hospital and dispen-. ~ary, the be2utiful life open to every student, the high ideal of. work and mutual service seemed hardly open to improvement."

, As the years have gone by the graduates from this medical school have gone out to all parts of the land, chiefly to Central and'

North India, carrying with them joy and light and life, and driving'

out sorrow and darkness and death. Through them. Jesus Christi.

HimseIf has been walking through India and as many as have!

10uched Him have been made whole. i These medical women have not had an easy task in their effortsi for the conservation of life-the life that now is and the life that is to be. But the very hardness of the work has been an inspira- tion to those engaged in it. The churches in the West might have'

dOlle much more to relieve those at the front. Some of the mis- sionary doctors have broken down too soon because of the. weigh~ of the load that they have had to carry. There have been-nay thef(~ are today-hospitals under mission boards so poorly staffed that those in charge cannot do justice to the work. There are hospitals'

so poorlv equipped that it is impossible to do up-to-date medical work. The Church that has Jesus .Christ· as her leader I:has no.

right to do medical work in India or in any other country in any, but an up-to-date method. There are luxuries in hospitals in ,Amerj iea that are not required in mission hospitals, but each should hav~ such equipment as will make it possible to do ,th~ yel1J; be,StAoJl

the patients. There are many places where the mission hospital is the only one available for hundreds of miles. To the medical woman in charge come the wives and mothers and children from all the region around,-missionaries, officials, princes, merchants, farmers, outcastes, Christians, Hindus and Mohammedans. There is no place where you will find the women of all classes as you find them at the mission hospitals and dispensaries. And in homes, closed to all others, we find the woman doctor and nurse and Bible woman.

In India today are many clamoring for "home rule"; yet no FOURTEEN BABIES BORN IN MATERNITY HOSPITAL. GUNTUR. INDIA land is more under the rule of the home. The women of India are the rulers in the homes, and yet in this land only one woman in a hundred can read. The mothers are generally so ignorant of the laws pertaining to the health of their little ones that the infant mortality of India is 273 per 1,000, as against 109 per 1,000 in England. They believe that epidemics such as cholera, smallpox and bubonic plague are simply manifestations of the anger of the goddesses under the control of which these diseases are, but the morning light is breaking even in things physical. The British Government is doing much to relieve suffering, but there are still 88,000,000 in India outside the reach of medical help, and millions of these are women and children. Hence, notwithstauding

MEDICAL WORK FOR WOMEN IN INDIA

the work of .the Dufferin Association there is imperative need that the number of medical missionaries be increasd-if only from the standpoint of the philanthropist. All mission hospitals in India today are understaffed, and a number are closed for lack of staff.

While there is this urgent need in India for women physicians from the West, there is the growing conviction that the number of Indian women physicians must be largely increased. The school in Ludhiana is too far distant from South India to meet the needs of the South. As long ago as 1902 the Decennial Conference stated that the Madras Presidency should have its own school of medicine for women. Then came a request for more medical relief for their women-from some Brahman students in London-from the East coast and this found response in the hearts and minds of English friends. When Mrs. Peabody arid Mrs. Montgomery visited the Madras Presidency in 1912 they were so impressed with the lack of proper facilities for the medical education of Christian women that upon their return to America they took active steps to bring about the establishment of a medical school, and secured $50,000 from the estate of the late Mrs. John D. Rockefeller toward this object. The Reformed (Dutch) Church expressed its willingness to contribute the Mary Taber Schell Hospital toward the equipment and endowment. Several of the leading missions in South India signified their readiness to cooperate and the Government showed its good will in a substantial way. Vellore was selected as the most suitable place for the new medical center. The world war made it impossible to go ahead with the erection of buildings upon ·the beautiful site of more than one hundred acres just outside the city. Temporarily two bungalows were rented and the use of the laboratories of the Voorhees College secured.

Thus was made possible the opening, on the 12th of August, 1918, by H. E. Lord Pentland, Governor of Madras, of the Union Missionary Medical School for Women, with Dr. Ida C. Scudder, of the well-known Scudder family, as Principal. The Surgeon General had remarked that if the school opened with a .class of five or six it would do well. It opened with a class of eighteen, and at the examination held a few months ago this class led the Presidency. At the opening of the school Col. Bryson, in his address to the students, said: "Young ladies, Carlyle would have congratulated you-you have no history. It is all before you." Very small and insignificant it may appear to some-this school with a staff of only three foreigners, one Indian doctor and one Professor of Science; but we see by faith the college and hospital building, wherein shall be trained many who will go into the villages and towns of South India to carry with them the double Cross, for the healing of the body and the soul. Many lives and much money are required to make the vision a reality. Those lives

THE OPERATING ROOM IN THE MARY TADER SCHELL HOSPITAJ•• INDIA and the wealth are in the possession of the One who sent forth His Disciples to teach and to heal." Where are the doctors in America who at Christ's command will become members of th!:' staff ·of the Medical School7 We know not, but He knows just whose are the gifts that at His cc'mmand will be freely poured forth in order that the buildings may be erected and the equipment supplied. He who" stooped io save His lost creation, and died that man might live," has in His care the entire work of medical mis – sions in India.

Much might be written of the physical and spiritual resulta of medical mission work. Surely such work is worth the prayers, the lives and the gifts of the Church of ~Tesus Christ.

to liedical

BY MISS VALERIA F. PENROSE, GERMANTOWN, PA. Author of "In the Path of the Great Physician"

J ESUS Christ is the standard for every medical missionary, and the transforming power' of the comparatively little medical work undertaken in the name of Jesus Christ shows the miracles done in His name and by His power alone.

The Severance Hospital in Seoul, Chosen, expresses its ideal as follows: "The great aim of the hospital is to do all the work so as to exemplify the mind of Christ, produce Christians out of patients, and Christian workers out of graduates from our medical and nurses' training schools." ,.

* "By far the greater number of opportunities created by the work of the medical missionary are iuevitably lost if she is left with no one to follow them up; she opens doors but is far too busy to go through them. To every medical missionary twenty fellow-'

workers are needed to take advantage of the opportunities her work creates. Hers it is to attract attention and then pass on; theirs to follow up, to visit, teach. instruct, prepare for baptism found schools, train the converts till they in their turn are ready to join the great volunteer army of Christ's evangelists."

,. -Dayl'ight in the IIarem.

* Many years ago the Church Missionary Society hoping to give the Gospel to Kashmir sent two of its most experienced mission- aries with a staff of native preachers there. Thrice were they driven out and the door closed. Then Dr. Elmslie, a medical mis- sionary, was sent to begin a medical mission. His splendid sur- gery gradually broke down opposition, a foothold was gained in this hitherto impregnable fortress of heathenism. Other mission- aries followed and today mission stations throughout Ka.shmir, medical work accompanied by the preaching of the Gospel, are the outcome of that initial effo,.rt. ,.

Over in the Philippines is a young man doing a marvelous work for God. He was carried to the little Nipa Hospital at Iloilo hopelessly paralyzed. He stayed in that little place, learning of Jesus. He began translating hymns. He stayed there some time, then was carried home. The love of the Lord Jesus was such a vitalizing 793

force in him that he got men to carry him to a little village where he gathered a congregation of three hundred. One village where he taught and preached was in a well nigh inaccessible region, but he was carried there. The work goes on. He was told at the hospital that he must walk. It took two men at first to get him across the road to the chapel. He persisted. After a. time one man and a cane sufficed. He persisted; and now no one is needed to help. He tours in that mountainous region, everywhere taking Jesus to thirsty souls.

MaIiza, a Toro princess, a very great lady, was sold as a slave in Busoga, (a country to the east of Uganda,) after being taken captive by Mohammedan slave raiders. Set free when the British took effective control of the country, she undertook the three weeks' journey to her home. On her way she passed through Mengo, capital of Uganda. Suffering from an affection of the eyes, acquaintances advised her to visit the Enyumba yedagala (House of Medicine), then a mere shed. The medical help she received, made her seek out the missionary in Toro, her home, saying, "I want to learn about a religion that teaches its followers to be as kind as that." In course of time she was baptized.

Later, Dr. and Mrs. Cook were in Bunyoro, when the king of .Toro visited the king of Bunyoro. In his company was this princess. She was visiting the princesses of Bunyoro, doing the work of an evangelist. Last reports were that she is still doing excellent work for Jesus Christ.

-C. M. S. Converts thr01lgh Medical Work.

*' " "

Christianity does not know the word "Impossible" and its missionaries have to teach this to the nations by their unfailing care of those who for so long have been regarded as hopeless cases. It values life because it is the gift of God and not because of the social position a man holds.

Christ's proof of His Divine mission to John the Baptist in prison was: "The blind receive their sight, the lame walk, the lepers are cleansed, and the deaf hear, the dead are raised up, and the poor have the Gospel preached unto them." Literally all seem fulfilled in Medical Missions.

BY MRS. E. C. CRONK, 222 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK

Cables for 1935 HOW SHALL WE LAY OUR PLANS FOR THE HEALING OF THE WORLD?

I N July Harper's there appeared an They forecast just how the city is likely article on Prophets and Pattern- to spread out, and a more difficult Followers, by Robert R. Updegraff, task, just where it is going to shoot up.

which tells how great ~~~~~~~~~~~~~;:';i In one New Engindustries plan for land city a departthe next generation. CRUSADE OF COMPASSION ment store was lo- A m 0 n got her HYMN" cated by telephone things Mr. Upde- By LAURA SCHERER COPENHAVER prophets ten years graff tells how the Tune: "St. Margaret" ago less than'a block telephone prophets away from where it go about their work. 0 Thou Whose love didst stoop to feel has recently bee n Taking the present Our weaknesses. our pain and care. built. population of the 0 Thou Who did,t the leper heal city, and the popula- To uo Thy oelReoo love reveal With far seeing tion for many years That w. the gift may ohare. eye, these telephone prophets have made back, they plot a Thou once didst hear the .ilent plea, a map of the city of population cur v e, Of her who touched Thy seamless dress New Haven, Con- projecting this curve And came that instant whole and free. necticut, for 1935.

eighteen or twenty Thou mad'5tthe sightless ey.s to see Mr. Updegraff de- years into the fu- And the dumb lips to ble… clares it was like ture, establishing the o give us now the surgeon'o .kill peeping into the fupopulation in 1937, ture to look at this And science freed from craft and greed let us say. Then Submissive yearning for Thy will map. "Everywhere,"

they check this in . Wisdom divine our minds to 611 says he, "there were every way possible And eyes to see the need. little circles with fig- by analyzing the in- To mothers in the pangs of woe, ures in them. Blocks d us t ria 1 develop- To children starving without bread which are now vament, past, present 0 let us feel the debt we owe cant lots have their and f u t u r e, by In self-denying love to go little circles with the studying the trans- Wherever Thou hast said. numberoftelephones portation facilities they will probably pre sen t and pro- support by 1935. A posed, the labor situation, the real es- street I had passed on my way to tate market and the geographicalloca- the telephone company's office which tion of the city. They estimate the de- is being torn up to be paved was partment stores that are to be, the pointed out to me on the map. We office buildings and hotels yet un- are putting down our cables for 1935 dreamed of by the average passerby. under that street now. Cities no • Published in leallet form by the General Litera- longer allow their streets to be tom ture Committee of the United Lutheran Church in up every few months. 'We have to America, 844 Drexel, Building, Philadelphia, Pa. watch every street and take advan- Price two cents each, ten cents per dozen.

795

tage of repairing to put down our derneath are the words, "After War cables for the future,' said one of Work What ?-A Crusade of Comthe prophets. Sometimes the cables passion for the World." Below are will not be required for ten years, some of the striking figures giving ';lUt they will be ready when they are need for medical missions. needed." Now is the time to really lay There is a missionary moral in cables large enough to carry the every paragraph of Mr. Updegraff's healing of the Great Physician to the article. ends of the earth. Three things need enlargement: During the days of the war there were pattern followers who thought OUR PROGRAM OF PRAYER. It all mission work should cease. was said of pastor Gossner that he There were, however, prophets who foresaw the unprecedented opportun- o"prayed up the walls of hospitals." ity that wou'd come at the close of for prophets who can see the the war if the cables were laid. hospitals that should b~, the doctors Soon nations shall no longer be torn and nurses who should go. the funds UP. every few months. We must that should be consecrated and pray take advantage of the present repav- them up, and pray them over, and ing of the world to put down our pray them into the treasury! Most cables for 1935 and far beyond. of us are content to pray for the There was something prophetic mainten<lnce of the work that is. about the foresight that outlined the Let us become prophet intercessors study of medical missions for this who dare to pray for the things that year. Never was there a time when are to be. Let us 'lay cables of such a subject could get such a hear- prayer for 1935. ing. When Dr. Belle Allen, author of "A Crusade of Compassion," was OUR PROGRAM OF EDUCATION has asked recently what change in con- never been sufficiently far reaching: ditions in America impressed her Great is our opportunity for the most she said, "I am impressed with dissemination of medical missions how easy it· is to talk now of mis- propaganda this year, and for maksions, anywhere. to anybody. It used ing this a theme for study, for lecto b~ rather difficu't. A few davs tures and for discussion. Already ago I spoke to the nurses at the Phil- the "Crusade of Compassion" is adelphia General Hospital. Follow- breaking records as a "b~st-seller" ing my talk seventy-five of them among text" books. Before the year asked for personal interviews about is over this and other books on" medical missions. A' few years ago mpdical missions should be in all I would have regarded such interest colleges, our libraries, our churches; as a thing undreamed of." War ex- our homes. The Mission Study periences have given us a quicker Classes this year can enlist a far ,perception in realizing a need, and larger circle than usual because they prompter action in meeting a need. touch a theme uppermost in the pub- lic mind. An unusually large num- We have refused to sit in luxuri- ber of lecture courses are being ous idleness and ease while those at planned for the coming winter. Let the front have suffered and died. us lay our missionary education Early and late we have made band- cables for 1935 not merely for a ages and other supplies. We have whirlwind campaign, but for sysrushed physicians' and nurses and tematic and continuous missionary ambulances. and supplies to the front. education. To hear of a need' was to meet it. Now the,; war posters al,".c being re- OUR PROGRAM OF SERVICE. Men placed by ,posters, showing an am- and women, even boys and, girls, have been really giving serv1ce. bulance and a ,Red Cross nurse. Un- Shall we not lay cables for 1935 that shall count on and enlist real

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service in our mIssIon work? Now ( c) Local: A Local Committe~ IS our day of opportunity to see -The Chairman to be the ahead the workers that will be local Sewing Secretary. needed tomorrow, and ten, twenty, This committee should be thirty years from now, and to make made up of leaders in our program to secure their service. former Red Cross work. The Life Service plans of the Interchurch World Movement shou!d fill 2. Time-This committee should be every devout heart with thanksgiv- formed soon and plan for suming. The Rainbow Meetings that mer sewing or fall and winter have been held by the Federation of work. The local committee need Women's Foreign Mission Boards of not wait upon Presbyterial and l"orth America have assembled such Synodical organizations, but may audiences of young women students, be formed immediately and corprofessional women and business respond with the Board Secrewomen as have never been assem- ta'i until SUC:l a time as the bled in so many large cities in Presbyterial and Synodical Sec- America hefor ,: "J consider the ques- retaries shall be appointed. tion Of Liie S(;l"ce. 3. Relationship–U til i z e for~er THE WORI{ CF nUR HANDS church Red Cross Units as far as possib'e. Those who lead and One of tI,e cal,Ies of our war officer this committee need not work was the ceaseless toil of the necessarily be members of the hands that worked at hr'·:.e for those missionary society, but women in who were sick and wounded at the the church and community, exfront. There comes to us a feeling perienced in Red Cross work. of mingled gratitude and shame However, the committee should when we hear that large quantities report at the monthly missionary of not-up-to-the-standard surgical meetings and relate itself as an dressings which were turned down auxiliary or committee to that by Red Cross Committees were sent organization. to medical missionaries and gratefully welcomed by them. Now there SUGGESTIONS FOR THE; LOCAL COMare many calls for a continuat;on committee that shall make possible MITTEE up-to-the-standard work for OUT Medical Mission Stations. One of 1. Objectthe best answers that has come is (a) To meet the great need for the following' plan adopted by the surgical gowns and band- Womm's Presbyterian Board of ages, for bed linen and Missions of the Northwest. patients' clothing in our 175 hospitals and dispen- SEWIXG saries overseas. (b) To make garments for refu- For Overseas Hospitals and Refu- gee children in Persia and gee Garments. Syria. Patterns and direc- tions appended. ORGANIZATION 2. Time of Meetin~- I. Personnel- Weeklv or a3 often as seems ad- (a) Bo~rd Committee with vi,able. Chairman. (b) Fields: Svnodical, Presby- Private house or porch. church terial, Local Secretaries: parlors or rooms where Rl"d Some one who has had ex- Cross work was done. Church perience as org'?nizer and day a good plan. One day d;rector of Red Cross each week set aside for Units. Church day. Sewing in morn- ings, lunch together, afternoon givpn over to meetings of various organizations in tum.

3. How to procure material- ship to the Orient. Fun Cannot spend missionary funds, nor cut down on required directions appended. work to do this additional service, nor take from Jubilee (b) Refugee gar men t s-The quotas. It must be extra. Suggestions: American Committee for (a) The Ladies' Aid can fi- nance it. Armenian and Syrian Re- (b) Solicitation of necessary funds from members of lief will ship from New church not giving through missionary so- York City. For instruc- ciety. This does not debar missionary wo- tions in sending Refugee men from giving. ( c) For so large and fine a Garments overseas Write piece of work, let the church pay by putting to Chas. V. Vickrey, it in the church budget. (d) Further suggestions. on General Secretary, .Ameri- application. can Committee for Arme- 4. Character and Amount or Number of supplies needed. nian and Syrian Relief, 1 For objects-see appended lists. Madison Ave., New York Send to the Field Department of the Board of the North- City, N. Y. . west your first, second and third choice of the items ap- Full instructions as to the needs pended. You will then be in- formed as speedily as possible of different hospitals, and the mak- for which of these hospitals you are to furnish supplies. ing and shipping of supplies to each 5. Garments and supplies needed- are given. Directions: fOO' making-ap- pended. One of the missionaries in Korea Refugee garments can be made writes in regard to the plan: immediately and in any quan- tity. "I like the suggestion which has 6. Inspection and Packing- come to me regarding helping the (a) Inspected by former Red Cross inspectors. Mission Hospitals with articles sim- (b) Packing-See instructions. List of articles should ac- ilar to Red Cross supplies. In fact company each box. Copy sent Presbyterial such thoughts have gone through my Secretary or Board Secretary. brain, or rather didn't find exit. But 7. Shipping- truly I think it is a great opportunity (a) Hospital Sup pI i e s-Send boxes to Montgomery and we should make the most of it. Ward & Company for overseas Mission Hospi- You in America, could be of real tals. This firm will trans- service to us in that way, if you thought best. If you could see me fairly scratching my head in despera- tion over the sewing for the whole institution, even such uninteresting things as kitchen gowns, aprons, rol- ler towels, etc. I also have surgical supplies to oversee, but they are not so bad. Sheets, pillow-eases-in fact all bed linen-and patient's clothing, are my chief difficulties. It isn't quite so bad as it was when I first came down from Kongkii. I was studying Korean with my teacher at the hospital when the Hospital Sec- retary came to tell me that three new patients had come in and there wasn't a sheet with which to make up the beds. So I sent him downtown to buy a bolt of unbleached musliR, which we use, and I went over to Miss Stevens' school to see if I could get some girls to come and make the sheets. They came, and in due time we tucked away the patients and

BEST METHODS ·799

proceeded . to make a few more magazines. MaJ<,e strong contrasts sheets. As it is now, we frequently between mission hospital and native have to wait for some to be ironed. treatment. Show pictures of witch And Baby clothes! Frequently we doctors in Africa contrasted with have a baby or older child needing medical mIssIOnary. Choose strik- small garments. ing headings for pages-"Starting a Practise with Two Hundred Thou- OTHER PLANS FOR THE YEAR'S sand Patients," "A Chinese Pre- scription 1000 Years Old," "Six STUDY AND WORK Hundred Thousand Waiting for a Doctor," "Lepers by the Side of the THE MYSTERY Box Road."

At a Junior Meeting or Young Give one page to "Good Profes- People's Meeting display a large box sional Openings," listing specific carefully tied and labelled: needs of your Board for doctors and nurses. Head another page, "In this box are concealed the "Attention! Wide Awake Investors," weapons which opened the great land and give thereon opportunities for of China and the island of Formosa endowing hospital beds, supporting to the Gospel. The box will be doctors and nurses, and providing opened at the next meeting on (Date) equipment. the weapons displayed and the story told." Devote one or more pages to "Tes- timonials," some of which may be In the box should be a surgeon's gleaned from this number of the lancet and pair 0f dentist's forceps. Review. When they are displayed have two people tell the stories,-one of Peter Interesting results may be secured Parker's going to China, and the and much educational work done by famous quotation that he opened offering a prize of a missionary book China to the Gospel with the peint or a set of books for the best doctor of a surgeon's lancet.* and the other book submitted in a society, a class, of how George Leslie McKay won or a congregation. Another plan is the hearts of the people of Formosa to outline the titles for as many chapby pulling more than two thousand ters as desired and ask different of their aching teeth so that "the members to prepare and find illusache came out with the tooth." ** traJ!:ions for a chapter. Interesting originality may be secured in this THE LATEST DOCTOR BOOK way and the cirde of interest largely increased. PROFUSELY ILLUSTRATED A MEDICAL CHOIR Make it yourself and give it a wide circulation in your congrega- It was at a service of which medition and among your friends. cal missions was the theme. A large hospital was just across the street The covers may be of cardboard from the church. During the years, and the leaves of typewriter paper the connecting links between the fastened with rings. Decorate the hospital and the church had grown covers with cut out pictures and stronger and stronger. The flower fancy lettering. On the inside pages messengers had been sent from the paste or write stories of medical mis- church to beds of pain across the sions, and notes about the medical street, bearing comforting messages. condition in different lands. Illus- The nurses and doctors and contrate with pictures of medical mis- valescing patients often slipped in sonaries cut from picture sheets or for a service at the church. When the "Crusade of Compassion Hymn" Ja~~~e Ifhap~~~kti;.I, I::~~~h~;~h °{Vo~t{CMo::' was published the pastor gave a copy ment, 160 Fifth Ave. New York. Price, cloth, 75**c~~~ P:sf::k 5~ea~td~d Barbarian by Marion Keith, Interchurch Vorld Movement, 160 I<~ifth Ave. New Yark. Price. cloth, 75 cts., paper SO cts.

to every doctor and nurse in the hos- ever come to poor little me, and my pital. Then it seemed quite natural sign would just wave on and on in to ask these same doctors and nurses the gentle breeze while the heedless to constitute the choir and sing that and healthy throng passed it by un- special hymn at the medical mission seeing-Iy. I thought my troubles meeting. They came. Their choir woulJ a1 be over when I passed the vestments were the nurses' uniforms various and st:ndry tests and exam- and doctors' suits of white. Very inations, but here's :1 :Jew problem: earnestly they sang the hymn: Given a diploma and a degree and "Wherever Thou hast said" is going a sign all ready to hang up. Where to mean more recruits for medical shad I Hang It? Who bids for my missions. sign!'''

At a young people's meeting, a Entf'r Chinese ;irl: "Oh let rnt'

public meeting or a convention this put in a bid for Chi,.a. Hang it in hymn might be sung by a group of my land. China has two hundred girls in Red Cross uriiform. million wome.l, and only about ant HANGING A SIGN * hund: ed WO.den doc(ors. "hv should you wait for patients i~ America while China has patient~ A DRAMATIC PRESENTATION OF MED- waiting for you? China is making ICAL MISSIONS TO BE GIVEN BY wonderful progress but still there i5 EIGHT GIRLS. such great need. Still our doc:or5 Enter qirl in sil~dent cap and gown and priests are bound by superstiwith diploma in her hand. In other tion. Still we have little strc.w men hand a sign, "Elf'01wr Brent S"'ith. made to place beside those who are M. D.": At last! Oh the thrill of sick, in order that the sickness may actualjy holding 10 my own two hanCls be lurerl or enticed irr:o tJ.e man of this precious diploma and my sign all straw by the money which we tie ready to hang up to lure patients. Now to it, and then the straw man tle 'vhere shall I hang my sign? It "ould burned or thrown away. China be great to go back to my own, my reed~ with a need grea'er than vou native town and demonstrate to the can know, this sign of yours. There unbelievers that 1 have actually fin- you can begin at once to minister ished the course and that 1 have a to trose who pf>ed you and are waitperfectly good license authorizing me ing for you! There you can help us to the practise of medicine and sur- to train our own doctors and nurses. gery. They did not think I would I beg you to hang your sign in stick to my studies until I finished China." and ] should just like to hang this Entn Japanese Girl: "I bid for >'ign in that 'lId town to show thf:'m. your sign for Japan. We have many But there are, let me see, (counts) doctors and many hospi:als, but oh, one, two, three, four, five, six-six so few Christi,,'1 doctors. ,Me nf>ed. doctors there now and there are only oh, Japan needs so much the mesthree thousand people. It would be sage of the Great Physician, whose an uphill business to build up a n"me has never yet been named to millions of our people." practise, and every one of the other Enfpr Girl Rl'bres(,l1tina Missiondoctors would oppose me. Perhaps it would be better for me to stay ary From Africa: "I come as a right rere in Philadelphia, near tre Christian missionary to beg you to medical college. But think of all han!" your sign in Africa. A whole the f;>mous Qo"tors ann surp'eo"s cnnti"ent of opnortunity is onened here! I'm afraid no patients would !n yon. I can show you a hloc-k of country pearly a thousand mile!

• To bl' "ublishtd in Itafl,! ttl,," b~ tht' T.itl',.ntt/f"~ sql:are without a doc~or of any kind Committ#r ()f tie,. Unittd L-utht'f'AH Churl'h in A..eric.. Price 10 ee.ds I'er e_;" 60 ce1d. 'er dDz. and only one trained nurse-. Reo-

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cently a youl1g doctor who came to slcmm: are giving such prescriptions a mission hospital in Africa per- as powdered tiger claws, tincture of formed his first major operation bear's gall, or decoction of crow's within fifteen minutes after his boat feet. You laugh at our supersti- landed. He did not have time to tions but vou send us so few doc- hang a sign. The suffering people tors to teach us truth. I beg you had heard that anothpr white doctor not to hang that sign in a place that was coming and they were lined needs it not, when Korea's need is up to receive him when he landed. ~'O $rea~." "I can show you the bleached bones of thousands who have been bntl!r M nhammedan Girl: "I bid taken oUi~ on the veldt to die alone for that sign for Moslem women. and uncared for because they were In your hand you hold the key, the declared to be bewitched. Just re- only key which can open the Mo- centlv when the mother of a chief hammedan lock. The medical misdied' two little slave children were sionary can enter through doors compelled to walk around the corpse locked and barred to everyone else. all night to keep the evil spirits from Think of one hundred million womrreaking- hose i!l~o the town. Then en in Moslem lands with only twenat daybreak the next morning the ty women doctors! Why should you two children were buried alive in the enter an overcrowded way here. same grave with the dead woman. when you might be a pioneer in un- beaten paths to bring health and "Thousand" of people are doomed healing to the veiled women of Isto dnnk the poison cup to prove that lam!" they ;,re not witches. If they die of the poison they are declared guilty. Enter Girl from Philippines: "If If they survive they thus prove their you want your sign to hang neath innocence. your own stars and stripes, I bid for it for .the Philippines. The "How the poor people of Africa United States have done much for suffer! How the women suffer! us but there is yet much to be done. How the little children suffer! Fifty Why should you not hang up your million women in Africa and only sign with the determination to help fifteen women doctors! put tuberculosis and leprosy out of the Philippines, and out of the "In the name of the Christ who world?" died for these degraded savages I bel( you to hang your sign in Enter Girl from India: "I bid for Africa." your sign for India-for India with its millions of child wives and wid- Enter Korean Girl: "Korea bids ows. We have only about one womfor your .;ign. You girls of Amer- an doctor to every 'one million womica. oh, how little you know of a en in India, and' our land is not as childhood terrorized by fear of evil is your land, for in India no man is spirits! All qf my life I have spent permhed to look upon the face of in terror of the spirits-spirits of the women of the high caste. It the air, spirits of the water, spirits will not be hard for you to build up of the land! The bodies of our your practise in India. I can take whole nation show even todav tre you to a hospital that has its gate scars of superstition, pierced as closed because the only missionary they have been by sharp knives to let doctor there has broken down and the evil spirits out. Small pox is so had to go away for rest, and notcommon in my land that no man withstanding all her rleadings and counts J,is children until after they entreaties to the girls of America, have had small pox. Our eyes have no one else has come ou~ to take her been blinded by steel needles. Our place. A high caste girl was carried bodies hive been burned with hot many miles to that hospital. Through irons. Even to-day our native phy-

all the~ pain ~ of the rough way she WOMEN OF THE WEST looked forward to the time she A POEM should reach the hospital and find the wonderful doctor of whom she "0 women of the West that hear not had heard. When they came to the gate at the entrance it was closed. o women dwelling in the blessed light The old gate keeper had to send o women of the West that fear not them back all the long, rough way because there was no doctor there. The darkness deepening into endless On the homeward way the girl died. night: "So my people are suffering and By lives that end when yours are just dying with no one to help–little beginning, children and little mothers! Oh, such little mothers, when your chil- By babes that perish in our helpless dren of America are happy at their hands, play. If you could see one of the little widows I have seen, lying half By mother joys we have no hope of winstarved in a damp hall, burning with ning fever, cursed by her father-in-law who forbade anyone to minister to By nameless horrors which our law that wicked creature, who he said commands, had caused the death of her husband, his bright and gifted son. When he By hands stretched out unto the god that thought she was about to die he heard not, had her carried out into the street on a mat so she would not pollute By prayers that never rose above the the house. For three days and nights earth, she lay there without food or shelter in the pouring rain. The chilly air By eyes uplifted to the skies that stirred of the rainy season penetrated not, through her tiny worn frame and no one came to minister to her. The By hope that perished in convulsive orthodox Hindu neighbors dared'only birthto hope she would soon pass away since her cries and moans disturbed To you, 0 women of the West, our pray'r their slumbers. Thus do our little , comes. girls suffer! I bid for your sign for What thralls you that you come riot in India." our need?

American Girl: "And now the fact' What dulIs your hearing, what opiate beof my problem has changed. Given numbs one sign to hang OUlt and such a multitude of calls! What shaH I do? That you are silent when we bid you One of them is my call. No sleeping speed? potion could give me rest if with these calls ringing in my ears I failed They tell us that your lives are full of to answer. That land is henceforth joys, mv country which needs me most. (Faces the audience squarely~) And best of all, that they are free-are free. "But the other calls-I pass them on to you. Who will answer them? Yet we in bondage cry to you; the noise Who will go? Who will send?" Of wailing, can it reach from sea to sea?

One girl from gr(lup of foreign They say you're queens of homes and girls or girl in costume of some other hearts; mission land: By woman's crown dragged in the dust we plead; By homes from which all joy, all hope departs; By hearts that beat-for this-that they may bleed.

o women, dowered with wealth of love and power 'Tis thus we call you, 'tis no fancied need. By lives that perish-hundreds every hour- In His name Who died, we beg you come with speed."

Woman's Foreign Mission

EDITED BY MRS. WM. H. FARMER, MONTCLAIR, N. J.

THE EDITOR'S MESSAGE At Chambersburg (Wilson Col- lege Conference) hints were given ENTHUSIASTIC comments are as to the ccming from all the summer schools and conferences. Excellent DUTIES OF A SUMMER SCHOOL programs, large attendance, unusual DELEGATE interest among the young people in volunteering for service-many at- (To illustrate the use of a medical va· tending a missionary conference for cabulary) the first time-such are headlines in reports from east and west. I. Diagnose condition of church. Two symptoms: Our new text book, "A Crusade of Compassion," written by Mrs. Ignorance. Caroline Atwater Mason after much Indolence. material had been gathered by Dr. Superinduced by: Belle J. Allen, is selling rapidly. Lack of conviction. Conservation of life is a timely Lack of sense of mission. topic. Medical missions for women Anemic condition calling for and children cannot fail to stir sym- Blue Bottle of Tonic (Text Book). pathy. For the first time we have 2. Prescribe with care. an entire book on the subject, out- Not all the Tonic in one dose. lining briefly and readably the needs Prescriptions: Pro g ram meeting-but and the successes of missionary there must be some sugar-coated pills nurses and doctors in all misslon and palatable powders. (Christian Science supplies a narcotic, a sedative, lands except Japan. a sleeping potion. Such drugs lead to "How to Use," a ten cent pamph- organic troubles, chronic disorders. Mark Twain said, "Christian Science let, is just off the press, and may be is a mental anesthetic for those who ordered from any Board. It offers cannot stand the pain of the world." several plans for analysis and pre- Scientific Christianity supplies a pansentation of each chapter, and pre- acea, an energizer.) serves some of the good things 3. Convert some hospitals in this country mentioned at the conferences. into workshops. Many Protestant churches are hospitals, Missionary meetings should be with wards for the ill and convalesespecially well attended this year. cent (those who have outings only on All the Red Cross workers will be sunny Sundays-never mid-week eveninterested in the hospitals, supplies, ings), with a small working staff of doctors and nurses of the Orient. doctors and nurses; with a ward for Each denomination should make its some who are so near-sighted and own needs as dramatic and vital as cross-eyed that they do not see the the Methodists presented their mis- need of missions abroad. sion stations at the Columbus cele- This self·centered condition sometimes bration, and by some of the very leads to adult paralysis. same methods. To do this you Charts in these hospitals show great must purchase the literature of your variety of temperattLre. Sub-normal own Board, especially photog-raphs conditions exist. and stories, and also acquire infor- A standard of excellence is recommation as to the Centenary. Send mended. to Interchurch World Movement, In reports and records, avoid "statis- 111 Fifth Ave., New York City, for tical dropsy." suggestions. Posters should show vivid contrasts, e.g. before and after taking Christianity. 4. Make health contagious. a. Think health I Energy and enthusi- asm may become as catching as small- pox and influenza. b. Become "Intermediate Carriers" of health, strength, sympathy, instead of carrying poison germs of adverse criti- 803

cism and aloofness. Consider the "MAl" WHICH MEANS MOTHER "contagion of a triumphant spirit." c. Expose yourself to health germs, By E. Marie Holmes, Gauhati, Assam more than once a week or once a month. The noontide heat had driven all d. Follow the old-fashioned rule, "Keep save a few stragglers fro m the head cool and feet warm." streets of the dusty, shadeless bazaar. 5. Recruit hospital force and supplies. Shopkeepers, naked to the waist, Note great need today of doctors, were sleeping soundly in the midst nurses, also of surgeons to perform of their displayed wares. An en- operations of bloodless surgery, such terprising hen ventured out with her a, lopning off old me hods and chang- motley family of eleven, despite the ing officers. Musicians are ne~d('d. heat, and was rewarded for her dar- Music has therapeutic value. The Mis- ing by a luxurious dust bath and sionary Hymnal is another Blue Bottle some choice grains of dhan and of Tonic. dhall near the grain merchant's Druggists are useful to distribute litera- shop. The pariah dogs had sought ture to aid in circulation (of ideas). out the shade of a box or rubbish Osteopaths, chiropractors, stethoscopes heap. (for heart action), ex-ray machines, for discovering new methods. Behind the dirty, dingy shop stalls the women slept in dark, It would be well also to clip quo- dingy rooms and beyond these zetations from various sources link- nana apartments was a small court ing healing with evangelism. Medi- yard. The sacred tulasi plant was cal missions do Red Cross work the only bit of green in the yellow plus. Every doctor and nurse sent sun-baked ground plot. The tulasi to a foreign mission station must leaves were brown with the dust of the court yard; the soil at its roots carry the Gospel of Jesus Christ as was rich with the drippings of daily well as scientific skill. household offerings. A breeze sel- dom swayed the leaves, for the high Take for illustration this corrugated iron fence attrilcted the heat of the sun, but repulsed the WOMAN OF SWATOW, CHINA gaze of the curious, cut off the oc- casional breeze, and shut out all the "One woman came in for treat- beauty of the sky and gn>at out-of- deors, except a patch of sky and the ment for chronic trachoma. Her high hanging c1u~ters of red blos- soms when the brilliant "'FI:1me of eyes had been sore for a long time, the Forest" bloomed in a neighbor- ing court yard. Soiled. patched curbut she would not come to the hos- tains made of old grain bags sewed together, were nai1ed to the doorpital for treatment. At last her ways connecting tre zenana with the shop in front and the court yard eyes got so bad she had to come. at the rear.

She was almost blind. She was tfinsomely beautiful was the lit- tle lassie of lustrous brown eyes prejudiced against Christianity be- who pushI'd aside the bhck curtain. and running to the great irregular fore she came, and had made up her pile of emnty boxes and packing cases stored in the court yard. with mind that she was not going to be- nimble feet and fingprs mede deft by the perform'1.nce 'of m'ny housecome a Christian. We did not urge hrld tasks. pu1Jed and dr~gged the boxes until she had made a cozy the question. At first one of the nurses had to hunt for her every morning to see that she came to chapel. After she had been there a week or ten days she came herself without any urging. Finally she became so interested she wa<; the first one in her seat in the mornings.

Her eyes were slowly responding to treatment and she had to remain in the rospital almost three months.

Vhen her eyes were well her heart also was changed. and now she is an . pm'nest and helpful Christian .. J woman."

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN 80S

covert of shade. Then she sped Heeding not what the wise and into the house and darted back aged were saying, Mai continued again with a baby boy straddled her loving ministries until the morn- across her hip, and a b3.mboo mat ing star began to wax faint. Then :Lnd several empty grain bags balanced when all else were sleeping, the on her head. She threw the mat little one's hands grew tense as they and grain bags into the shady re- twined about Mai's neck; the great treat she had made and with her burning brown eyes of the baby toes and free hand, spread a bed for sought the agony-filled eyes of the the baby. A shaved patch on top child mother; the weary head lifted, of the wee one's head was poul- but fell back again upon Mai's ticed with herbs. This told as un- shoulder as the baby whispered, mistakably as the hot forehead, "Mai, 0 Mai," and the weary little throbbing temples and quick breath- spirit found rest, while the lonely, ing, that the baby had an acute at- broken-hearted girl, prostrating her- tack of malaria. With great moth- self on the court yard, abandoned erly tenderness the little lassie of herself to her grief, chanting the eight crooned her Bengali lullahy, praises of the dear dead on~, and massaged the aching body with wailing the weird, haunting cry mustard oil and cooled the throb- with which the broken-hearted of bing temples with fresh green ba- the East try to comfort themselves. Ilana leaves.

The little sufferer uttered but one PART TWO plaint, "Mai, 0 Mai." This had There had been a bounteous sea- been his wail of sorrow, his cry of mn of ra;n. The rice stood ta'l and delight, his expression of surprise green with heavy sheaves of grain 'and query of wonder all his young beginning to be touched with gold.

life. It was his word of greeting All of the water courses were full.

to the dark eyed lass of seven when ·Many of the ponds we're beautiful fifteen months ago they had wound with myriads of water-lilies-white, his mother's body in a red cloth, yellow, pink, lavender blossoms, carried it to the burning ghat and floating on their bosoms. Tl,e weaver sent her baby of twelve months to birds had finished building thei!"

her father's he-use. From the time wcnderful nests and were now busy of his advent into his grandfather's feeding and training their young.

houserold, this little slip of a girl The Chinese robin in his ne'lt suit had been baby's mother in the in- of black and white was singing his tensity of her affection and in her vesper song,-the sweetest heard on "lavish devotion, as well as in name. the plains of India. A neat white For three weeks fever had been cottage, just outside a thriving In- hurning out baby's vitality; the dian town had flowers in the front rounded limhs had lost their dim- yard. a fine English horse in the ples, the dark ringlets had been cut stable at the side, and guns, hunt- close, the kovi raj (medicine man) ing trophies and law books in the had prescribed the herb poultice for baita kanna where guests were re- the head, the neighbors repeatedly ceived. A rich manipuri cloth cur- declared that it would end as God tained the door leading into the had decreed-that the little foster zenana apartment. The court yard mother did not well to deny herself beyond the zenana was larger than food and to take no rest from her the barren, high-walled yard in charge day or night-that what is which Mai's young nephew fought written on. the forehead must be and lost his battle. Mango, banana fulfilled, despite the constant atten- and papaia trees afforded shade in oftion and the· unhounded affection one corner of the yard; a green those who would oppose the will sward relieved the sun's glare;. a of Erahma and tab Siva of her prey. tulasi plant marked the household

as being· orthodox Hindu and two undesired by their parents and un- weaving looms threaded with muga required for salvation according to silk and half woven elaborate ar- their religion, while she, the wife of tistic borders, showed the women of a Hindu, must thwart her husband's the household to be skilful weavers. plans, merit his hot displeasure and Her wealth of black hair unbound, receive his reproaches, while her her arms stretched full length and own arms are empty, her heart clenched above her head, a young hungry and all her intense nature woman lay prostrate on the green longing for :the soft cuddling of beneath the trees at the rear of the her own little ones, the tender cling- court yard, great, tearless, smoth- ing of their arms about her neck, ered sobs shaking her frame. The the soft pulling of their tiny hands sun was sinking in a blaze of glory, upon her drapery, the melody of the muezzin cried the hour of prayer their timid lisping of "Mai, Mai?"

from the mosque parapet, and the What had she done that she should faithful followers of the Arabian be thus cursed-six years a wife prophet wended their way to the and not once a mother? What had place of prayer; the Hindus rang she failed to do that she should be bells to awaken their gods to listen so cursed of the gods? Had she to their evening worship and ac- not traveled to Kalighat,. worship- cept their oblations. The sunset ped the goddess, tied a sovereign glow faded and disappeared; the with one of her black tresses to the evening star grew bright and sank holy tree there; had she not made behind the temple hill top. The other pilgrimages and given prince- devotional task of the day com- ly sums to holy men, only to return pleted, the men repaired from the to her childless home with hope mosque and prayer house to their disappointed and heart sick? She evening rice and pan and their gos- knew of nothing else to do and now sip over the hooka. The full moon the long dreaded sentence had been peeped over the eastern horizon and passed. Her husband was making transfigured everything in its soft arrangements to bring home his luminous light. second wife and Mai was out in the The woman under the trees ceased court yard weeping for the children sobbing, and reclining against a she had not borne, and feeling the tree with hands behind her head, mystery and the tragic burden of life greater than she could bear. gazed at the moon, trying to find in the rounded, laughing face, cold and far above her, an answer to the un- PART THREE answerable questions that were vex- It had stormed furiously in the ing her. Why had her sister's baby evening, had rained softly all night, been taken from her when she had but at dawn the cloud!! had broken loved him well and served him and bright sunshine bathed every- faithfully, while the unloved chil- thing in golden light. The grass dren of sin thrived in the heat and was a beautiful green and of velvety disease of the filthy bazars? Why sheen. The air was fragrant with should the wives of coolies have the perfume of blossoming mango more children than they can pro- trees. The mainahs were feasting vide for and she, the wife of a on the good things borne of the Cambridge trained barrister, be de- storm; the bulbuls were flitting nied motherhood? Why should the about the garden with saucy top- wives of English officials-women knots and brilliant red vents.

who have so much else and who so One of the mainahs flew into a often hate the burdens and duties court yard where mango, banana of motherhood-why should these and papaia trees gave thick shade.

women be blessed with offspring The little fellow was on' a house-

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

hunting expedition. A rotted gnarl had no one else to show them the in the mango tree would make an way home. ideal nest site, but Mr. Mainah was The mainah heard it all and from fearful lest there were too many disturbing elements in the court his knarl in the mango tree he saw yard. A handsome boy of seven in the pretty woman inside nursing Indian dress and a little girl of five in a European frock were playing the baby that had been taken to school in the shade of the trees. A her. But the nursing mother looked curly haired lassie of four was not with love upon the little one at playing on a bench in front of the loom, listening intently with great her breast. As she suckled the wee wide open brown eyes to the story one the mother was thinking about the woman beside her was telling of a mother bird teaching her but- a new gold necklace set with rubies tchas to fly. A baby of a few that her husband had promised to months slept soundly, tied in a bring her when he should return great cloth to the woman's back. from Calcutta. The shuttle flew back and forth and the treadles worked steadily. A whir of wings and the bulbul While the story progressed, the flew over the fence and lighted on sleeping infant received an occasional love pat and frequent were the mango tree. The mainah called the love smiles that flitted to the children playing in the shade of the to the bulbul, "To whom do the mango trees. The mainah noted well the tall, well matured woman, children belong?" , her wealth of neatly combed black hair, sweetly sad eyes, wondrously And the bulbul babbled back, winsome expression and her tender mother love. When the infant "The pretty woman within gave awoke the mainah heard the woman talk loving nonsense to him until birth to the children's bodies, but the baby quit fretting and commenced to coo. Then the woman her own soul is so weak and small took the little one into the house where a young woman with a petu- that she could give her young no latit face and irritated manner roused from her late sleep and soul heritage. The father was so nursed the baby, while the woman of the wonderful eyes returned to busy having a good time and getthe court yard, took the baby girl in her arms and as the two older ting rich that he forgot that he had children, leaning on her knee begged for a story, she told them of a a soul and it shriveled and died. young girl to whom God had sent a wee baby to nurse, that in years So the children promised to be soulto come, after the baby had gone back to God and the little girl had less creatures. But the woman of grown into a woman, she might know how to think the thoughts wondrous eyes, whom the children and speak the language and guide the feet of some other little spirit call 'Mai,' called the souls of the who had strayed out of heaven and children into being and daily nour- ishes them lest they should shrivel as did the soul of their father."

The Mainah called again, "To whom does the garden belong?"

And the bulbul babbled back, "To the husband, but he likes his law books and indoors better. The new wife never comes into the garden lest her skin become dark. The old wife is in the garden whenever the weather is fit. While she weaves cloth at the 100m yonder her pure heart busies itself with sweet fan- cies, pleasant kindly words and gracious deeds and these are as golden threads woven into the hearts of the children."

Mr. Mainah flew away and short- ly returned with his mate. They carried in their bills bits of stuff which they deposited in the gnarl in the mango tree in Mai's garden.

_. ….. . _.:- •~ ",_., N.E<2WS F:lRO- .M,.- .~ .M1,',.'" ANYlLANDS ~

MOSLEM LANDS quicker and quicker; but at last, as To Preserve Ancient Jerusalem the music ceased, she lay like a life- TO guard against hasty and ill- less form on the fioor. Her mother judged reconstruction under irre- or guardian then began to rub her sponsible direction, a scheme for re- limbs, and endeavored to bring her'

storing and developing Jerusalem has back to consciousness. Then the mu- been drawn up by the British mili- sic began again, and the next two tary authorities, in agreement with patients commenced to squirm; while the municipal directors of the city. they were going through these con· The points to be kept in view, ac- vulsions, having lost all self-control, cording to the Egyptialt Gazette, one feared the damage they might are the preservation of the old city do to each other; but evidently the within the walls, so that its mediaeval onlookers were prepared to prevent setting may be preserved; to prevent this."

encroachment of further buildings Not only Moslems but Copts often immedjately outside the walls and to resort to this treatment.

regulate the future development of the modern city outside the walls. Refugee Camp ~Iade Permanent The "Zar" as a Curatlve Agency THE Zeitounlis are called "the fighting Armenians," and have A CEREMONY known as the richly deserved the title. In the sum- "Zar" is resorted to among Mos- mer of 1915, when word reached lems as a prophylactic in ca~es of them of the general deportation. they disease and dementia. A worker in took as many of their pqss~ssions as Egypt describes this ceremonv in a possible and withdrew to the fast- recent issue of the Egypt General nesses of Mousa Dagh. Repeated at· lfission News. tacks of 8,000 Turks fai'rd to dis- "A group of females were p'ainly lodge them, and when food and am- suffering from some trouble which, munition were nearly exhausted and according to the Moslpm idea, is surrender seemed inevitable, the wo- caused by evil spirits. The Mistress men made two great banners–one of Ceremonies was seated near by, with a huge red cross, the other with with a kind of tambourine in her the words: "Christians in Di;;tress: hand; other musicians were seated Help." A passing French cruiser behind her, while the remainder of picked up the message, took the the room was filled with relatives and whole company on board, and finally friends of the sick folk. A brazier they found an asylum at Port Said.

containing incense burned in front of What was begun as a temporary ar- the patients, who inhaled its perfume rangement has developed into a per- frequently. manent refugee camp. For more "Sounds from the tambourines, than three years its gates have been cymbals and other instruments was open to victims of Turki~h cruelty.

the signal for the first patient to re- In April, 1919, nearly 10,000 people spond. Her body swayed, her limbs were gathered there, and accommo- twitched, her face was convulsed dations for 5,000 more have been and apparently in response to unseen called for. An appropriation of ]lowers her movements became $1,000 a month goes to the support of 808 this camp from American funds. In- through the town, then encircled the dustries have been started, schoo~s ju-ju house, where they knelt in opened and the diet kitchen put on prayer after a short but searching a permanent basis. sermon and testimony. Rising from their knees, they advanc(d to the !FRICA attack. Opinion among the masses .~ Medicille Mall'S Test of onlookers was divided. Many be- AN African village, before it was lieved that our fire had no power to transformed by the Gospel, was injure the fetiches. Rushing inside ruled by a native medicine man, who the house, our Christians began to was greatly feared for his supposed knock the idols about, challenging power to charm away disease and them to save themselves. The brass danger. He also claimed to possess bell was brought out and then fire a certain medicine which, when was applied-bamboo, thatch and ju- rubbed on the door of an enemy's jus being consumed in a magnificent house, would cause death. blaze to the glory and power of the But the Gospel turned the light of one true God. On the exact site of exposure upon the enchantments of the ju-ju house, a Methodist church the medicine man, and in retaliation will be built."

he decided to test his power on the A French Protestant Mission evangelist who had undermined his prestige. The little chapel and I T IS reported that at least fourbenches were rubbed over with the fifths of the budget for the Les- magic medicine,-so also was the sonts Mission, Basutoland, a station door of the evangelist's house. The of the French Protestant Foreign people watched for results. Like the Mission Society, is now supplied by local funds, from native converts and prophets of Baal, this old heathen the colonial government. More enhad come to his day of testing. Be- couraging stilI, native pastors are fore the end of the week, his five taking the places of French missionwives and three children died of ill- aries who have been home on furness and the old doctor himself was lough, or were called to the colors laid low with the same disease. At during the war. Two hundred young death's door, he called for the evangelist, acknowledged the power of people in the northern and central "Nzambi" (God) and his life was sections of the country have joined catechumenal classes within the last spared. two months of the fiscal year, while Burlling a JII-JU House 4675 catechumens were received in THE Nana Kru ju-ju house has 1918. The church now numbers been the larg-est center of devil 27,622 communicants.

worship on the Kru coast. To this place p~ople continually brought hu- Training S£'hool for South Afriocans A man ht'ads and hands for sacrifice. MANZIMTOTI Institute and Union Nonnal School, twenty Hundreds of cows have been offered to this same fetich, and their blood miles south of Durban, South Africa, poured upon it. But light has come is a "show place" for all tourists, to Kruland, and on June 4th, 1919, and those who visit the station find this monument to heathen supersti- that the staff consists of seven white tious crimQ was burned. Rev. Wal- teachers, with six or seven native in-: ter B. Williams, superintendent of structors. The pupils in the nonnal the Nana Kru Methodist Mission, school average 100 boys and 75 girls, describes this ceremony as follows: while the day school numbers 325 "A hundred Kru Christians led by pupils. ' The school operates a print: the missionary and the Nana .Kru ing shop, a dairy, a poultry yard and.

Second Chief passed. singing, carpenter shop.

Last year $6,000 was cleared on Andrew, with the' Kaisar-i-Hind the sugar plantation. The graduates medal. Four well organized churches of the Amanzimtoti normal school in this community are supported en- often take positions at some distance tirely by the native Christians.

from the school, eight graduates hav- Trinity College-Ceylon ing gone at least 1,000 miles away. TRINITY College at Kandy, Cey- The English residents of Durban lon, seeks in many ways to bring take a lively interest in the industrial the Singalese into the "life abundside of the school, and want girls ant." The vitality and joyousness of trained for houseworkers, as well as Christianity is presented not only in for teachers. the teaching but in the social and family life of the teaching staff, with Missionary Herald.

INDIA AND CEYLON the result that very few leave the A Fakir's Therapeutics school with a prejudice against Christianity. Ten or twelve bap- MISS HULL of the Bagnan Medi- tisms yearly, out of an attendance of cal Mission, India, describes, in five hundred, is an encouraging recthe Indian Witness, a Hindu Sadhu ord when one considers that baptism who had made his way to her town, generally means disinheritance and measuring himself on the ground like often assassination. an inch-worm, writhing and contorting. as if a maniac. The whole road A definite effort is made to get was blocked with the crowd. People each boy keenly interested in some were wiping dust from his feet and particular thing. The enervating clieating it, kissing his feet, rubbing mate and the pessimism of their reand marking themselves with dust he ligion are not conducive to eager engave them or carrying away cakes of thusiasm in the Singalese people. mud made by him from the dust of But once a boy becomes eagerly keen the public road. about one thing, whether it be cricket or debating, it is not difficult to get "When I protested that the dust him interested in other things, and probably contained infection, the often love of clean play and the love bazaar merchants rose up against of truth leads a boy to the love of me," Him who embodies all truth.

Meanwhile the fakir smoked hemp CHINA and blew the smoke in the faces of the crowd. Questioned as to his Small-Pox and Superstltiou O curative powers he answered: PPOSITE the main entrance to "I do not say that I can cure dis- the hospital of the Edinburgh ease. I can't. But the people come Medical Missionary Society at Tayeh and demand something, so I give is a large building known as "Tien them some dust." Hua Kung," or "Small-pox Hall,"

Au Industrial Mission Self-Supporting where the ignorant pray for preven- tion and cure of the disease of "the THE Scotch Presbyterian Church heavenly flower." According to a maintains an industrial mission legend, Tsao Kung Ming, god of at Ching-Ieput, South India, with wealth, had three sisters who were four model farms, where agriculture, deified by the first prime minister of dyeing, weaving, blacksmithing, etc., the Chow dynasty. They are snp- have been taught with such thorough- posed to punish the wicked by inflict- ness that the value of produce has ing small-pox upon them, and al- been multiplied from ten to twenty though most of the Chinese now times. Because of his development know that small-pox can be pre- of irrigation by means of oil pump vented by vaccination, many still wells, the government has honored worship the small-pox idols. Re- the head of this work, Rev. Adam cently more than three hundred dol-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

lars was spent in repairing and re- pensaries, of whom the poor greatly modeling this Hall. Had this sum outnumber the rich. The Gospel is been invested judiciously, it would preached in the dispensaries five days have yielded an annual interest suffi- in the week, but more definite recient to provide for the vaccination sults are produced among the inof several hundred persons. patients, who remain for a longer period. In addition to the preaching Health Essay Contest in the waiting hall, a band of work- ers are ready to minister to those CANTON Christian College this who leave the dispensary. year held a Health Essay Contest, in which fifty-six students took Chinese President's Estimate of the part. Of this number fourteen were girls. Some competitors wrote on Bible more than one subject, hence, sixtyone papers were submitted. Nine CABLE messages received by the were written on "What makes one American Tract Societv from the Sick"; thirty on "Personal Hy- President of China and -leaders in giene" ; eight on "House Sanita- government and education carry the tion"; nine on "Health, and the Rise assurance that the present regime in and FalI of Nations" and five on China will not impede, but rather "The Relation of National Health to promote Christianity. These mes- National Wealth.I' The prizes ranged sages were sent for Bible Day at the from $2.50 to $20 for the first Methodist Centenary in Columbus. award in the college grade. The President cabled as follows: Chinese Recorder. "Moral teachings Bible truly ex- erted unlimited influence for good An Appeal for Medical Workers among all Christians in China. Also raised- standard all my people along SIX or eight doctors are needed by lines true progress. Hope benefits the Chilla Inland Mission for hos- Scripture will extend to ends of earth and transcend past success. pitals already built and equipped, Bible teaching done great good in China. Has converted numbers of but which are either used merely for people. Become sincere Christians and transformed moral character. dispensary work, or are operated Some our prominent men of today honorable. Bible only remedy save under· great difficulty by a single phy- China. Will cure corrupt official, in- struct people how do righteousness, sician or surgeon, who is often called educator. Bible gives our people greater power for moral uplift and from his post by imperative needs spiritual enlightenment. Will not fail as guide and inspirer in struggle at great distances; and who is at all for moral perfection."

times handicapped by the lack of as- Cigarette Smoking Prohibited sistance in delicate operations. This THE following circular has been telegraphed all over China accall for helpers is not issued by the cording to instructions by the min- istry of the interior: China Inland Mission for its attrac- "It has been noticed that almost tiveness; it is an appeal to those who everybody in the country has in- dulged in the use of cigars or cigarare seeking an opportunity of doing ettes, which will become a worse curse to the nation than opium in the obscure heroic for the Master's former days, unless some restrictions are imposed. It is hereby decided sake. China's 111illions.

The Gospel at Rankine Hospital I T would be difficult to visit any village within a radius of one hundred miles from Ichang, and nat find some one who had been treated at Rankine Memorial Hospital, under the management of Drs. Graham and Borthwick, of the Church of Scotland; and there had heard the Gospel story. During the past year 31,827 patients visited the two dis-

that before taking up any measure entertained in private houses, in true, for the total prohibition of its use, Japanese style-perhaps somewhat the following restrictions shall be modified to fit the requirements of imposed: 1. No boy or girl under 18 comfort for the Wes:ern visitor' years of age shall be allowed to smoke cigars or cigarettes; 2. Any Japan After the War 'military or naval man using it shall be punished; 3. The use of cigars REV. w. F. HEREFORD of and cigarettes in all government Heroshima, Japan, writes in The schools and colleges sh.all be strictly Presbyterian that the Christian prohibited." churches in Japan are receiving more into membership than for many Autonomy Cor Tibet years, and that church attendance i~ greatly increased. The Japanese GREAT BRITAIN and China mind is in a s.tate of change, for l1ave reached an agreement re- they begin to see that there is such a garding Tibet, which is said to be thing- as unselfishness; they are less satisfactory to bo~h parties. The satisfied with themselves. A Japa- Chinese Foreign Office some time nese Christian preacher recently said ago agreed to grant autonomy to from his pulpit, that the loyalty and Tibet, while retaining Chinese sover- bravery of Japanese soldiers did not eignty over that country, and this approach that of the Americans. He proposal is now understood to have said that American soldiers went to met the approval of the British Gov- the front as men with a righteous ernment. Tibetans are thus placed purpose, and that he was goin~ to on the same footing as Mongolians. carry out that purpose or die. Chris· tianity wiII therefore have a hette! China will be relieved of the bur- hearing because of this example. densome and hitherto almost impossible task of keeping Tibet in order, Labor Cause in Japan and the British desire for the maintenance of Tibet as an autonomous THE "Yu-ai-kai," or Laborer,' buffer s~ate is likewise realized. It Friendly Society, is the nearest was furtloermore pointed out that the approach to a labor union in Japan, ChiT' ese-British agreement regarding Although it is illegal to organi7c a Tibet will lay to rest the rumors that labor union in Japan, this Society have been circulated regarding Brit- was permi:ted for social uplift and ain's allea-ed contempla.~ed aggression no doubt will ultimately become the along ChIna's southwestern frontiers. nucleus for a real labor union. The Yu-ai-kai now has about 30,000 JAPAN-CHOSEN members. Its organizer and head is Mr. Suzuki Bunji, a Christian and To Entertain Sunday School Workers member of the Peace Conference in Paris. The secretary and treasurer j, JAPAN, bUl chiefly Tokyo, is much also a Christian, as is the legal coun- exercised over the problem of the selor for the western division. At ont' International Sundav School Conven- meeting four speakers out of six tion, to be held in Tokyo next year. were Christians, and' their addresse;; The' chief problem is the entertain- were filled with re ferences to the ment of the thousands of delegatei teachings of Christ. ;md guasts. for there is hotel accommodation for practically none of them, Bible Classes fdr Women as the hotels 'are full to overflowing as it is. and rooms are everywhere THE system Of Bible classes for at a premium even now. There is women in the Taiku district', a good deal of interesting, as well as Korea, represents the work of many some~imes amusing, correspondence missionaries. It is one of the a'gen~ in the newspapers as to how best a des through which'the women of J'arge numb'er of the visitors can be Korea are "thoroughly furnished

unto all good works." There are first eight chapcers of 1st Corin~ classes for both country and city, thians and the first six chapters of the former being held between No- . 2nd Corinthians, two of them per- vember and May, when the country fectly, one making a slight mistake.

people are less occupied with their . Without the Camp.

harvests. An average sized class numbers about forty, with two Bible NORTH AMERICA women as teachers whose training A United Financial Campaign I is received at the semi-annual insti- N their successful "United Prot estant Campaign Drive" the town tute held in Taiku, at mission ex- pense. of Havre, Montana, with a population r,epel'S Take Dible Examination of a little over four thousand, has furnished a demonstration of what A N examination in Bible study was can be accomplishe.d by cooperation. recently held in the Leners' Sun- At ~he beginning of the war, the peo- day-school at the Kwangju, Korea, ple of Havre were engaged in the asylum. The following ten questions erection of two church buildings and were asked: a deaconess hospital. All work on 1. What did the Jews require and these buildings was suspended to al~ what did the Greeks seek after? low for a vigorous participation in 2. Vhen Paul went to Corinth to Red Cross and other war work drives, preach, what resolution did he make? but recenjy a committee was appoint~ 3. 'What did Paul preach. and how ed to secure a careful estimate of the was· it received by the Jews, and by amount needed to comp!ete each build· the Greeks? ing, to make necessary alterations on 4. What is our one foundation Baptist, Lutheran and A. M. E.

and how will every man's work be church buildings and pay the rent of tested? the Salva::ion Army Hall for a year 5. How many different kinds of and a half. This committee reported persons does Paul say shall not enter an estimate of $87,000. Three days the Kingdom of God? Name them. were then spent in mapping out pub- 6. Vhv should believers be care- licity work and arranging various.

ful about exercising- their liber:y in committees-more than a hundred eatil1g" meats that had been offered leading citizens gave full time to the to idols? canvassing, and af:er a strenuous 7. Whv did Paul say he kept his campaign, the total pledges were an· horly lmder? nounced to be $94,100. There was 8. How many Jews died in the ro attempt to wipe out denomina~ wilderness in one day from fornica- tiona! spirit, but a fine spirit of co tion? operation prevailed.

9. Vhat disorders at the Lord's The Southern Baptist Campaign Table are mentioned?

L to. Whom did Paul baptize? AST May the Southern Baptist Convention autloorized a campaign Of the twenty lepers who took the examination, two receive1 100 for seventy-five million dollars to be per cent, four received over 90 p~r given for world evane-elization in the cel1t. six over SO per cent and none next five years. This amOl1"t has re,eived below 64 per cent. been apportioned to the ei~hteen Three lepers who are unable to SOl1thern states, and the organintion walk could 110t attend the examina- of the campaig-n has been effec'ed tion, and they asked to be allowed for 925 associations and 24,851 to repeat from memory all of the churches. The laymen are active and 1st and 2nd Book of Corinthians. t1-e women propose to contrihute It was so cold and late that this was $15,000.000 of the total amount. .Tuly not possible, but they repeated the was the month for prep3.ration.

August for. information, September sians in Chicago alone. .Fewer than for intercession, October for enlist- one hundred of these are positively ment, November for education in. known to be Christians. Through stewardship and December (1 to 7) the thousands of Russians in our in- dustrial centers Bolshevism and many for victory. The Baptists, says President E. Y. of the causes of disorder prevailing Mullins, see in this campaign a chal- in Russia are disseminated in Amer- lenge to spiritual world regeneration ica. Such Christian educational cen- to accept the present great oppop~un­ ters as the Moody Bible Institute can ity for the spread of Christian faith; help to stem the tide toward anarchy to obedience to the command of and infidelity.

Christ; and to unity in the undertak- Transfer of Mission Responsiblllty ing. The challenge comes from God to His people to a greater consecra- NEARLY a hundred years ago tion, to more generous gifts, to more the Church Missionary Society wholehearted devotion in order that began work in Northwest Canada, the name of Jesus Christ may be and arrangements are now being known and honored to the ends of made whereby the missions of this the .earth. Society are to be turned over to the Report of Y. M. C. A. Canadian Church. The latter is al- ready carrying on many missionary A FINANCIAL statement issued activities, including work among the by the Y. M. C. A. gives the total Indians and Eskimos, and is ade- expenditures for the Association's quately prepared to assume the long war work as $97,817,005, leaving a established work of the C. M. S.

balance of $27,465, 854 with which among the same people.

to carry on work until December, 1919. Eighty per cent of the funds LATIN-AMERICA contributed were used in the pur- Cbaplains Needed in Mexico A chase, transportation and distribution MISSIONARY of the Presby- terian Board in Mexico appeals of canteen supplies, and for enter- tainment and education. Thus it is for some of the returning chaplains seen that the Y. M. C. A., during the from overseas to turn their steps towar, practically served as an ad- ward Mexico. As one illustration of junct of the United States govern- the coun1ry's need he relates the folment. Only a relatively small amount lowing incident: of the money was expended for dis- On a recent itinerating trip the tinctively religious work. The prob- writer had scarcely reached his des- lem of adapting the work for the tined stopping place for the day immediace future to after the war when a young man came in from a conditions is now occupying the lead- town fifteen miles away, where no ers of the Association. missionary had ever been. He want- A Bible Course tor Rnsslans ed the missionary to go to his :own and explain the Protestant re1i£;ion to THE Moody Bible Institute is plan- his sweetheart's family, so they ning to introduce a course for would not have to be married by Russians in its curriculum, designed Romish rites. The young man of- to prepare those who have accepted fered horses and military escort as Christianity for Christian work protection against bandits. so off among their countrymen, wherever over the mountains the missio"ary thev are found. The proposed course and the bride!!room-to-he "'I'nt, will cover from two to three years, guarded by stronglv armerl solc1i..rs, ann partial or complete self-support and two days were spe,.,t ~el1ing will be made possible for those who about the Saviour. The utmost COllr- desire it. There are 30,000 Rus- tesy was shown by every one in thll:

L919] NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

village, and the people were eager Wilson, meets the boys and girls as to receive the tracts and literature they leave school and distributes he passed out. Christian literature among them. Many a Bible has been brought into The Continent. a French home through this method of first reaching the children, and in- New Orphanage for Argentina ducing one to read aloud to others. Mr. Wilson travels in a caravan, rep- THE Evangelical Union of South resents no organization, and depends America has completed the build- wholly upon God for success in his ing of an orphanage at Tres Arro- work. yos, Argentina. The foundation stone was laid December 8, 1917, Christian School for Italian Girls building operations were continued through 1918, and on January 1, WITH an enrollment of more 1919, the opening ceremonies took than four hundred pupils, Cran- place. The building has accommo- don Institute, maintained by the dations for forty-five children. The Woman's Foreign Mission Society orphanage has given many Argen- of the Methodist Episcopal Church, tinians a clearer idea of what the is developing a new type of Italian mission stands for, and the cause is womanhood. Hitherto, Italian girls looked upon with greater respect. of the better classes have been The land and building represent an trained almost exclusively in con- outlay of over $20,000. vent schools, and the few who have gone to college were marked by the Decrease of Crime in Great Britain narrowness of cloistered life. A chance to develop her personality and SIR EVELYN RUGGLES-BRISE, opportunity for service is afforded chairman of the Prison Commis- at Crandon Institute, and above all, sion in Great Britain, says that in Christian teaching and Christian the last forty years enormous changes ideals of living are kept in the fore- have take place in crime in Eng- ground. land. In the seventies there was a daily average of 20,000 arrests; in Protestantism in Poland 1914, before the war, there wen' 14,000, and la:er, during the war, it PROTESTANTS in Poland num- was 5,000. In 1914 the change that ber 500,000, most of whom are came over the scene was almost Lu~herans, although there are some magic, and one seemed hardly to he 10,000 Reformed. General Pilsud- living in the same prison world. The ski and a few others less notable in war broug-ht employment and restric- the Government are Lutherans. As tion of the liquor traffic. two factors Pilsudski is, next to Premier Pad- which have a bearing upon the num- erewski, the most influential figure in ber of petty offpnses. Poland, Protestants have a pre:ty ?,ood guarantee that their rights will The war provined a great lesson be respected. Lay preaching has a for statesmen. The solution of the verv considerable development in peT'al problem is not in prison re- Polish churches. In Warsaw there forms, in altering- rules and regula- is one evangelical church seating tions. but in emplovment and restric- 5()()(). Polish Protestants plan the ,tion of the sale of liquor. ectahlisrment of a seminary in War- saw for training pastors. EUROPE Record of Christian Work. Th<' (loop"" for Fr"'fl('h Chlld"en I N the South of France, an Eng- lish missionary worker, Mr. A. B.

on Medical

Ministers of Mercy. By James H. Frank- ter Williamson. 96 pp. $0.40. Stu· lin. Illustrated. 12mo. 239 pp. 75 dent Volunteer Movement. 1899. cents cloth. 50 cents paper. Mission- OpportWlities in the Path of the Great ary Education Movement. New York, Physician. By Valeria F. Penrose. 1919. 277 pp. The Westminster Press. Phila. 1902. These biographical sketches of medical missionaries are inspiring . Lepers. By John Jackson. 330 pp. stories of service and sacrifice. All Marshall Bros. 1906. the subjects except Dr. Catherine L. Mabie, of Africa, and Doctors Clrra A. Swain, M. D. Bv Mrs. Robert Arthur and Ernest Neve, of India, Hoskins. 31 pp. ~025. Woman's have completed their work on earth. Foreign Missionary Society, MethQl'he chapters relating to these noble d:st Episcopal Church, Boston. 1912. men and women make excellent subjects for addresses and are suit- Dr. Elsie Englis. By Lady Frances able for missionary readings. They Balfour. 264 pp. $1.50. George H. include: Doran Co.. New York 1919.

Dr. Theodore L. Pennell, the hero Within the Purdah. By S, Armstrongof the Afghan Frontier. Hopkins, M. D. Eaton & Mains, New Dr. Fred D. Shepard, the beloved York. physician of Aintab, Turkey. Hepburn of Japan. By William Eliot Dr. James C. Hepburn, the pion- Griffis. 238 pp. $1.50. Fleming H. eer medical missionary in Japan. Rev( II. 1913.

Dr. Joseph P. Cochran, the good Thirty Years in Mukden. By Dugald Samaritan of Persia. Christie, M. D. 303 pp. Constable. Dr. Peter Parker, who "opened London. 1914. China at the point of the lancet." Arthur Jackson of Manchuria. By A. J Dr. John Kenneth Mackenzie, another famous English physician in Costian. 188 pp. Hodder & Stough- China. ton. 1911.

The N eves-two brothers and a Notable Women of Modern China. By sister-w,"o established a hospital Margaret Burton. 271 pp. $1.25. in beautiful Kashmir. Fleming H. Revell, New York. 1912.

Dr. J chn Scudder, the pioneer John Kenneth Macke…,zie. By Mrs. mf"nical missionary to India. Bryson. 404 pp. $1.50. Fleming H. Revell. New York. Two wom('n-Dr. Christine Bennett. of Arabia. and Dr. Catharine Dr. Apricot of Heaven B"low. By L. Mabie. of Africa. K;ngston de Gruehe. Marshall Bros.. London. The s tor i e s are inspirational sketches of Christlike service in non- The Beloved Physician of Tsang Chou. Christian lands. (Dr. Arthur Peil'.) Is. Headley, Lordon. BEST BOOKS ON MEDICAL MIS- SIONS My Chinese Days, By Gulielma F. Al- sop. 271 pp. $2.00. Little, Brown & The Appeal of Medical Missions. By Co. 1919. R. Fletcher Moorshead. M. D. $1 00. Flemin" H. Revell, New York. 1913. P"l'nell of the Afghan Fmntil"r. By Mrs. Pennell. 464 pp. Seeley. Service A Crus'de of CrmpasslC'n for the Heal- IV. C;o. 1914.

ing d the Nations. By Belle J. Al"en The Fcreign Doctor. (T o<eph P. Coch· ran of Persia.) By Robert E. Speer. al'd Caroline Atwater Mason. 240 np. Flem'n~ H. Revell. 1911. $.50. Central Comm'ttee on .the Un- ited St,'dy of Foreign Misslons. Behind the Veil in Persb and Turkish Arabia. Bv M. E. Hume-Griffith The Healing of the Nations. By J. Rut- 336 pp. Seelev. Service & Co. 1909., An American Physician in Turkev. By CI"renee D. Usshcr. M. D. 338 pp. $1.75. Houghton, Mifflin Co., New York. 1917. Moroc~o After Twentv-five Ye~rs. By Dr. Robe~t Kerr. Murray and Even· den. Lordon. 1912.

Dr. Grenfell's Pari.sh. By Norman Dun· ran. Revell, New York.

The B'ack Bearded Barbar;an. (Mackay of Formooa.) Mar'rn Kieth. Mis· sionary Education Movement. 1912, 816