The Missionary Review of the World — April 1919

'INVESTMENT

THE MISSIONARY EVIEW~ • APRIL, 1919 GERMAN MISSIONS AFTER THE WAR BURTON ST. JOHN THE MASSES AND THE CLASSES IN INDIA J. c. R. EWING AN AMERICAN DOOR TO CENTRAL ASIA DWIGHT M. DONALDSON· A CHRISTIAN OPPORTUNITY AMONG SOLDIERS LEMUEL CALL BARNES SKY PILOT TO THE SAN BLAS INDIANS BELLE M. BRAIN HOW THE TURKS CONDUCT AN ORPHANAGE MAJOR STEPHEN V. TROWBRIDGE _YEAR 25 CENTS A COPY An Annuity Catechism What is a Life Annuity Bond of the Board of Foreign Missions?

It is a legal document issued by the Board · binding itself and its successor to pay a regular rate of interest to the beneficiary during life.

Why is an income from such a bond absolutely secure?

Because the Board's moral responsibility is co-equal with that of the Methodist Episcopal Church and its financial resources are as well conserved as consecrated business judgment can make them.

How does the Board use the money which it receives from Annuity Bonds?

It is placed in a trust fund and invested in first..

class securities where it remains until the death of the peneficiary. It is then transferred to the general treasury and is available for appropriation by the Board or is expended as designated by the donor.

Address all correspondence regarding Life Annuity Bonds to George M. Fowles. Treasurer. Board of Foreign Missions of the Methodist £piscopal Church. 150 Fihh Ave.• New York City

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the large, bold type. CHAT Then by "Just turning the knob" tte <I-<!-'lri-f,yt THE ANNUAL MEETING t'floe· 8 … ea.6.~ 1<>……~ The Missionary Review Publishing Company held its annual meeting at ,~ … ~~e Q<> …… es~<>~6.e~ce. 3 p. m. on February 20, 1919, at 156 6y Sunday SchooL notices. Fifth Avenue, New York City. Dr. Robert E. Speer, the President of the "Many Typewriters In One" Company, presided and made an address. The Treasurer, Mr. Walter Would you like to know why the McDougall, presented his report Multiplex Ha.mmond is so popular with showing the comparative income and ALL classes of p~DplBI We can tell expenditures for the years 1917 and you in fou.r words: 1918. The increase in subscription receipts amounted to $1000, and the Because of its versatility! decrease in the cost of manufacture has by economy amounted to about The Multiplex Ha.mmond d06! every- thing any other typewriter will do. $1000. a.nd beside8, if you '".Just turn the The Secretary presented his report knob tI you can cha.nge from one style of type, or from one language. to anof which the following are extracts: ,other. Note the above specimen The income from advertising has. (slightly reduced) all written on the has been 10% more than last year. SAME machine. The circulation of the REVIEW has No Other Typewriter Can Do This steadily increased through the efficient work of our circulation depart- No ma.tter who ment, and with the cooperation of you lire, what you such friends as Mrs. E. C. Cronk are. or where you and Mrs. Wm. H. Farmer. The are, the Multiplex number of new subscriptions re- Ha.mmond I. the ceived during the year was 2965. wrltln g machine The net increase was 12% for the for YOU. Man the coupon for year or over 60% since the magazine free folder.

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CONTENTS FOR APRIL, 1919 FRONTISPIECE-A FACSmII.E LE'tTJlR :FROM GENJlRAI. EDMUND H. H. AI.I.ENBY SIGNS OF THE TIMES • • ……… 241 CHRISTWARD MOVIiMENTS IN INDIA EGYPTIANS AND THE (;QSPIiI.

INDIA'S PR!iSENT DISTRIiSS INT!lRCHURCH CONFERIiNCE IN MEXICO HOME MISSIONS IN CHINA A JAPANESE VIEW OF EUROPE EDITORIALS . . . • . . . ..•…… . 247 BmI.E READING IN PUBLIC SCHOOI.S Is ABYSSINIA AWAKENING?

INTERPRETING INDIA TO AM1lRICA OUR A'tTITUDE TOWARD GJlRMAN MISSIONS GERMAN MISSIONS AFTER THE WAR. . . . . By BURTON ST. JOHN 251 An impressive array of facts in regard to the extent of German missions before the war, and the problem facing the Christian Church in post-war reconstruction. THE MASSES AND THE CLASSES IN INDIA. . . By J. C. R. EWING 259 One of the best living authorities on missions in India shows the progress of Christianity in its relation to the "Mass Movements."

AN AMERICAN DOOR TO CENTRAL ASIA. . By DWIGHT M. DONAI.DSON 266 With a series of striking maps, an American missionary points out the strategic importance of Meshed to the evangelization of Central Asia, including the closed land of Afghanistan.

THE CHRISTIAN OPPORTUNITY AMONG SOLDIERS By LEMuEl, CALI. BARNES 270 The tremendous problem before the Christian Church in caring for the re- turning soldiers is clearly set forth in its relation to the home mission problem, and the possible settlement of soldiers on western farms.

SALT AND ITS SAVOR IN CHINA. II. . . . By CHARLES E. SCOTT 274 The concluding part of a very graphic picture of the sufferings undergone by Chinese Christians because of their faith.

SKY PILOT TO THE SAN BLAS INDIANS . . . By Bl1LLl1 M. BRAIN 281 The story of a picturesque and fruitful life on an island near the Republic of Panama. Miss Coope has been called a second Mary Siessor. CHRISTMAS IN THE SLUMS OF TOKYO. . By WILLIAM 1. HuTCHINS 285 An Oberlin professor vividly gives the impression made upon him on his first visit to the slums of the Japanese capital.

HOW TURKS CONDUCT AN ORPHANAGE. . By STIiPHllN TROWBRIDGE 287 The story of what a major of the Red Cross discovered on his visit to a Turkish orphanage near Beirut.

WAR AND RELIGION "OVER THERE" . . . . By PHILIP E. HOWARD 289 BEST METHODS DEPARTMENT. . Edited by MRS. E. C. CRONK 292 THE ART OF SECURING AN AUDIENCE WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN Edited by MRS. WM. H. FARMIiR 300 NEWS FROM MANY LANDS 304 THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY …… 320 Missionary Personals . . Facts Warlh Quoting TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies 25 cents. Published Monthly. Copyrighted, 1919, by Missionary Review Publishing Company, Inc. AJI rights reserved. Entered as second class matter at the post office at Cooperstown, N. Y., under the Act of_March 3, 1879.

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ROBItRT E. SPlll1R, Presidt.. t DEI.AVAN L. PIl1RSON, Secretary FRANK L. BROWN, Via-Preside..t WAI.TllR McDoUGAI.I., Trea.rnrer ReVIew is being sent to 228 foreign This Service Flag mission stations. There are still sev- Will Last Forever eral hundred mission stations unsup- plied. Style 110 Size 25×36 Inches Letters received from pastors, SURELY you will honor permanently missionaries, professors in theological those from your Church or Sunday seminaries, women and laymen show that the "REVIEw" is filling a real school who helped defend our country in need in the lives of these friends en- gaged in Christian work. They re- the most stupendous of all wars and you port that it not only brings inspira- tion to them, stimulates their prayer have been wondering how to appropriately life and gives them a world vision, but that it is found especially useful replace your temporary service flag. in interesting others in missions through sermons, addresses and talks The finest testimonial that you could erect is an ex- at missionary meetings, and in the quisite bas relief design of indestructible LIBERTY preparation of missionary programs. BRONZE which faithfully reproduces the sculptor'. One layman was so impressed with best workmanship and is in true accord with recog- the articles on "The Church and the Social Question" that he has paid for nized fine art standard•. reprinting 10,000 copies and sending to 10,000 ministers with a question- W rite Their Names naire to obtain their views on the in "Liberty Bronze" subject. Each tablet is individually made to contain any The REVIEW also finds a place number of honor names. also an inscription of your in about 2000 libraries, and last year own choosing. and itwiII dignify any room or building. we noticed 275 quotations from our pages in over 100 papers and maga- Liberty Bronze process in addition to being best zines. Thus the largest reach of the for the purpose costs less than other bronze bas REVIEW is not through its direct sub- reliefs of inferior appearance. scribers, but through them to the from 10 to 1000 others to whom var- Write for Illustrated Catalo, No. 4A, atating numious subscribers pass on the infor- ber of atara in sen-ice fla, and character Df or,anmation and inspiration received. A ization contemplatin, erection of tellimoaiai tahlet. conservative estimate would mean that- one or more of its messages LIBERTY BRONZE WORKS reach as many as a million readers. Manufacturers of Artistic The Nominating Committee made Tablets for all Purposes its report and a vote by ballot was taken, resulting in the re-election of General Offices: 112 W. 40th St., New York the members of the Board of Directors for the year 1919.

*** .OUR WORLD TEMPERANCE NUMBER The May number of the REVIEW is to be devoted to the World Wide Temperance Movement. Since the various state legislatures have almost without exception voted for national prohibition as an amendment to the constitution of the United States, the movement toward world-wide prohibition as the only safe course has gained momentum. The reasons that have led America to favor this drastic action should also influence other Please mention 'rHn MISSIONARY REVIEW OF 'l'llE WORLD in writing to advertisers governments to make similar laws printed notice appearing in the last against a tra~c which brings benefit copy for which the subscription is only to those who conduct it for paid. All subscriptions are payable financial gain, and undeniably is a strictly in advance.

curse to humanity, bringing physical, *** moral and spiritual ruin to millions of men, women and children. We DATE OF PUBLICATION are presenting in the May number statements by the highest authorities, Considerable confusion and delay showing the effect of intoxicants and has resulted from the change of habit-forming drugs on the physical, printer from New York to Coopersmental and moral life of the human town. A number of circumstances, race. The effect also on industries, including influenza, transfer of paper politics and religion is brought out, and plates, and congestion at the so that the facts may be put in the printing office, delayed the January hands of patriots in various coun- and February numbers, so that many tries who wish to use these facts as complaints were received about the arguments in promoting temperance non-arrival or late arrival of copies and prohibition in their own lands. of the REVIEW. This has been a very trying experience for subscrib- Another series oJ articles in this ers and for those at the office of the same number is devoted to the needs REVIEw. We believe, however, that of various mission lands, and the the difficulty has been adjusted. The progress that has been made along March number was mailed on Febtemperance lines. ruary 24, and it is expected that the April number will reach the sub- It would be well for subscribers scribers before April 1st. It is our and others interested in this subject earnest endeavor to publish the REto send advance orders for the May VIEW in !ample time, so that those number. Already an extra edition who depend upon it for sermons and of 5000 copies has been ordered by missionary meetings will not be disone organization, and we expect a appointed by its late arrival. still larger demand. Copies should be sent to all the mission fields to be *** distributed among Christian workers. WOULD YOU LIKE TO AT- *** TEND A MISSIONARY CON- EDITIONS EXHAUSTED The December edition of the RE- FERENCE THIS SUMMER'!

VIEW was exhausted almost as soon You can go if you really want to.

as it came from the press. The Be a MISSIONARY REVIEW delegate. January number, in spite of the fact If you are longing to attend some that we printed a second edition of special Summer School and do not 1000 copies, is now entirely out of know just how to pay your expenses, print, and we have had orders for perhaps we C~ll1 help you. Let us over one hundred copies which know which conference you prefer, could not be supplied. An extra giving if possible the auspices under large edition of the February num- which it is heJd and dates. If you ber was printed. and has also been have not decided which one will be in such demand that we have not of greatest value to you let us know been able to supply all the orders; what work you are most interested consequently, future subscriptions in and we will gladly send you helpmust begin with the March number, ful information. We are in close of which we have ordered a 20% touch with the leaders throughout larger edition. Moral: send in your the country and hope to have many • orders early, and do not allow your MISSIONARY REVIEW delegates attend subscription to lapse. According to the 1919 Summer Schools of Mis- Government regulations, we have sions.

been obliged to cut off our subscrib- Would you like to go"? Write ers if their subscription is not re- about it at once to Miss Wilma newed promptly. Four notices are Duntze, 156 Fifth Avenue, New ~ent to each subscriber, including a York City. Keep Informed on the Progress and Problems in Mohammedan Lands The April number-just out-of THE MOSLEM WORLD Edited by REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, F. R. G. S., of Cairo Contains the following important articles: The Evangelization of Moslems George Swan An Indian Sufi Hymn Howard A. Walter Illiteracy among Indian Moslems H. J. Lane-Smith Christian Literature for Russian Moslems Jenny de Mayer Islam in Siam Paul McClure Hinkhouse Constantinople College fot Women The Crescent a Symbol of Islam Eveline A. Thompson All India Moslem Ladies' Conference H. E. E. Hayes Mohammedans in Syria during the War Marguerite B. Walter Evil Spirits and the Evil Eye in Turkey Wm. H. Hall Current Topics and Book Reviews George E. White This quarterly, with correspondents in all Moslem lands, is a review of current events, literature and thought among Mohammedans and relates the progrt'ss of Christian Missions in Moslem Lands.

Send your sub~cription today to THE MOSLEM WORLD, IS6 Filtb Avenue, New Vork City $1.25 a Vear 35 .ents a Copy A lew ba.k numbers available The Church Sample Copies Free on Request and the (Enclose 3 cents for postage) The president of a large western Social Question manufacturinl" /company was so impressed with the force and value of two recent articles on the above subject, by Dr. John McDowell of Baltimore, that he has made it possible to have them reprinted and distributed to ten thousand ministers in the Christian churches of America.

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SEND TODAY – Before the supply is exhausted PARTIAL CONTENTS I. Interest io the Social Question 3. Christianity and the Social Question 2. What is the Social Question 4. Leadership of the Church THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD.

Cooperstown, N. Y. 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF TIlE· WORLD in writing to advertisers Missionary Personals REV. SIDIiEY L. GULICK, D. D., for thirty years a missionary to Japan, has been appointed by the Commission on Relations with the Orient as a special representative in Paris during the Peace Conference, to help promote a better understanding • • • between the nations of the West and the Far East. BISHOP M. C. HARRIS, of the M.ethodist Episcopal Church in Tokyo, Japan, re- turned to the United States by way of Vancouver, February 5, and sailed from New York February 28 for Europe and the Holy Land. He will study conditions • • • in Jerusalem and the new Palestine. REv. STANI,!CY WHITE, D. D., one of the Secretaries of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, has gone to Syria for six months' work with the American • • • Committee for Relief to the Near East. REv. ARTHUR E. HOLT, Ph. D., of Fort Worth, Texas, has accepted the call to become Social Service Secr.etary for the Educational Society of the Congregational Church. Dr. Holt is a member of the Rural Life Commi'ssion and associate editor of Rural Educator. ••• DR. B. M. TIPPI,E, President of the Methodist College for Boys in Rome, is in America after a visit to the war-devastated areas of Europe. He is also secretary of the War Emergency and Reconstruction Bureau of the Methodist Church in Europe. ••• DR. CHARI,ES HARFORD, the lounder and first Principal of Livingstone College for the medical training of foreign missionaries, has been appointed Secretary of the Church of England Temperance Society. He has done much to help regulate • • • the abuses of the liquor traffic in Africa. DR. A. C. DIXON has resigned the pastorate of the Metropolitan Tabernacle, LOIi- don, and returns to Amwica in April. He will lecture to the students of the Los • • • Angeles Bible Institute three months of the year. DR. WII,LIAM HOYT WORRELl" Professor of Arabic in the Kennedy School of Mi~sions, Hartford, Conn., has been appointed Director of the American School of Oriental Studies in Jerusalem. ••• REV. EMORY W. HUNT, D. D., former Secretary of the American Baptist Foreign Mission Society, has been elected President of Bucknell University at Lewisburg, Pa.

• * • MR. FRANK H. MANN, who has done important work in connection with a num- ber of evangelistic and social betterment organizations in New York City, has been elected to succeed Dr. John Fox as secretary of the American Bible So- • • • ciety. Mr. Mann is a nephew of Governor Mann of Virginia. REv. CHARI,ES R. WATSON, D. D., and DR. JOHN R. MOTT have gone to Paris to remain during the Peace Conference in order to furnish needed information in re- gard to conditions in. the Near East.

*•* REV. W. G. SHEI,!,ABEAR, D. D., the Methodist mISSIOnary, who has worked among the people of the Malay Peninsula for thirty-two years, has translated the Bible into Malay and has written a grammar and dictionary in the language, is studying Arabic at the Kennedy School of Missions in preparation for work among Mo- hammedans of Malaysia. ••• REV. FREDERICK L. FAGLEY, D. D., pastor of Plymouth Congregational Church, Cincinnati, Ohio, has been chosen Secretary of the Commission on Evangelism which is working in close cooperation with the Home Missionary and Educational Societies of the Congregational Church. ••• DR. AND MRS. FRANKLIN E. HOSKINS are again in Beirut, after a journey of 38,000 miles begun in July, 1918. Before leaving Syria three years ago, Dr. Hos- kins was told by a Turk that if they, the Turks, were ever driven out of Beirut they would leave behind nothing but smoking ruins. But General AUenby was too swift for them, and the missionaries found their homes intact.

**• R>:v. GEORG>: H. TRULL, Sunday School Secretary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions has sailed for Palestine, with other Sunday School workers, to look into the religious education of th,? children of the Near East.

• !'fAWAli O-r-T-'– In.rerprermg Jnfa '"

Sky Pilot to the San BIas Indians The Masses and the Classes in India A MAP OF THE CONTENTS . Is Abyssima Awakening? Union Movem nts in Australia OUR VIEW Of' THE WORJ.P IN THIS NUMBER l.EADING ARTICLES AND EDITOR1ALS ARE IND1CATE.D BY TITLES Tl-I~ tlUMSER OF NEWS rrEMS ON EACH COUNTRY IS INDIC …TED IIY ARABIC NUMERAL.S

GENE~AL HEADQIJAAT'ERS

EGYPTIAN IEXPEPITIONARV FORCE.

MISSIONARY

EVIEW~ VOL. APRIL,1919 NIJJOIIIB F01Jll XLII SIGNS OF THE TIMBS OHRISTWARD MOVEMENTS IN INDIA M ASS movements toward Ohristianity still continue among the lower classes in India in certain. large areas. It is of course true that there are many causes for this movement, not the least of which is the hope of these 50,000,000 outcastes that they may better their condition materially. At .the same time a tremendous opportunity is presented to lift these people Ohristward, to educate them and to show them a higher manner of life than the low moral and physical plane on which they have been living. If the Ohristian Church neglects this opportunity the movement will drift into materialism.

The outcastes have been in virtual slavery-physical, industrial mental and moral-but they constitute the backbone of the agricultural system of India and are a very valuable asset to the country. They have been asleep but now are awakening, and are feeling after freedom and enlightenment.

The demand for self-government in India is being led by the Jhigher castes, but this demand is opposed by two parties; by the :Moslems who are in the minority and fear that they may be sup- ]pressed or driven out as were the Buddhists, and by the lower ,castes and outcastes who have no relish for political domination by Brahmins. Both of these influential classes prefer to be ruled by the British.

The lower castes especially, and many of the higher castes who :have been educated in Christian schools, are beginning to realize that in Christ and his Gospel alone lies the hope of liberty, Sev- <eral hundred bhou~~11d b.!.j.v~ ,come into the Christian' churches ,241

in the past few years. The greatest problem, as has been frequent- ly said, is the education of these converts. In spme districts large numbers are awaiting teachers. The opportunity must not pass unheeded.

Rev. H. T. Vodden, a Church Missionary Society worker in Western India writ!ps: "I seem to spend most of my time and ener- gies saying 'No' to people who come for help. For the greater part of six weeks there has seldom been a moment from 7 a. m. to 7 p. m. where there has not been a queue of people awaiting their turn outside. Our Indian evangelists return from tours to tell of multitudes of earnest enquirers. Deputations come from isolated Christian communities asking for teacher evangelists. We are inundated with requests that have to be refused. Bright children cannot be given Christian schooling and must return to ignorance and virtual slavery because there are not sufficient teachers or funds to establish village schools."

The Christians in India are eager to learn and are willing to make great sacrifices to enable their children to be educated. The soil is exceedingly fertile, the harvest is ready for gathering, but the laborers are too few. '

INDIA'S PRESENT DISTRESS I F it were not for the urgent appeals from war-swept lands, all the world would be stirred by the present critical situation in India as described by Dr. R. A. Hume, chairman of the Mission Committee of Relief. He says: "War, famine and pestilence are combining to make the present season in India the most serious and distressing for a hundred years." When the strength of the people was at a very low ebb because of famine conditions, influenza swept over the country in deadly pneumonic form, carrying off thousands of bread-winners and leaving behind widows and orphans to weep and starve. Many more thousands who have recovered are weak- ened in body and unable to do their proper work." _ India supported the Allied cause in the war with large sacri- fice and sympathy. She sent a million and a half young men who) .voluntarily enlisted, and also contributed vast sums of money by gift or loan. It is hoped that Americans will not forget the terrible testing through which India is passing, and will give her sympathy.

prayers and material aid. .

HOME MISSIONS IN CHINA R ECENTLY there has developed within the Chinese Church . ~ definite eff~rt to carry the Gospel into the unreached prov- IDces of theIr country. At a personal workers' conference held last August in Kuling a managing committee was appointed which was since increased to eighty-four members, representing

SIGNS OF THE TIMES

every part of. China. Considerable publicity has been given the enterpriS€, special hymns have been prepared, mite boxes have been distributed and one worker has already. collected and sent in over $1,000. This is distinctly a Chinese movement. No Americans or Europeans are on the managing committee, though their advice is freely sought. In personnel, method· and funds it is strictly a domestic undertaking-more women than men are on the committee, an evidence of a new Na in China, where women have always been in the background.

The first efforts are to converge on Yunnan, the southwesternmost province adjoining Tibet, containing 13,000,000 people, 146,000 square miles in area, possessing great mineral wealth, and an ideal climate. The people of this province are ignorant and unevangelized, but potentially this is a strong field. .

EGYPTIANS AND THE GOSPEL CHRISTIANITY was introduced into Egypt in the first cen- tury and the Coptic Church is the historic Christian Church of the land of the Pharaohs. But that Church has a name to live and is dead–covered over by a mass of superstitions and ritual. The reason is not far to seek. The Copts have never been a Bible-reading people. Their Christianity is an hereditary faith, not a personal relationship to Jesus .Christ. Most of the Copts know more of church forms than of the teachings of Christ. Bibles in Coptic cost so much that few can afford to buy them. Hundreds of villages have no church and no religious services, and as a result many of the Copts are becoming assimilated with their more aggressive Moslem neighborS'.

The hope of Egypt is the missionary influence which is needed by Copt and Moslem alike. The outlook for evangelical Christianity is brightened by the defeat of Turkey, the political champion of Islam. Moslems are consequently face to face with a new situation and say that Allah must have decreed that Christian uations should win. Their ardor for pan-Islamism has cooled and all classes are seeking the favor of the British.

"The Christian conflict has changed in Egypt within the last decade," says Dr. S. M. ZWemer. "Formerly the arena was the Koran alid Moslem Tradition, now it is the Bible." M;oslems are abandoning- their dispnte as to the perfection of the Koran and leaders are turning to attack the Christian Scriptures. The people are more willing to converse on religious lines and are generally very ready to receive and read copies of the Bible. Many Moslem officials attend Christian services. Egypt cannot be converted by comparative religion, but only by a positive preaching of the Gospel of Christ. Says Dr. Zwemer: "There is no doubt that

in sociE!-1 reform, policy, education, and all the ideals of democracy, educated Moslems are Our allies and not our enemies. Although their efforts are spasmodic, they are not unconscious of the need for the uplifting and enlightenment of the masses. Most of them are ardent admirers of much that they consider the best in western civilization. But, alas I too few of their number are ready to help others reach the goal that they admire.

"The war has destroyed Islam as a world political po,wer. Islam stands before the world stripped of every support save its intellectual, moral and spiritual claims. Apostate ,Moslems are no longer punishable by death. We must therefore press, the issue on intellectual and moral lines, and compel decision."

AN INTERCHURCH CONFERENCE IN MEXICO A BOUT five years ago representatives of the Protestant Mis- sion Boards met in Cincinnati and agreed to divide the terri- tory and to cooperate more closely in Mexico. But the revolutions and counter-revolutions have prevented the completion of the program. Now, however, with the return of peace, the oppor- tunity to carry out these plans has come and on February 18 to 22 the same twenty representatives of ten denominational Boards of Missions met in Mexico City for a conference on the best and most expeditious way to put the final touches on the distribution of terri- tory in that republic. The Committee on Cooperation in Latin America was represented by Rev. S. G. Inman, the Secretary.

Under the terms as agreed upon, the Southern Methodists oc- cupy the border states, the Congregationalists take most of the West Coast, the Presbyterians are concentrated in the South of the republic, while the Disciples and 'Methodist Episcopal Boards take the central states. The Friends remain in the northeast, and the Baptists are somewhat widely scattered, not having agreed to all the provisions of the plan. In addition to the territorial ques- tion the Conference went fully into other matterSl30ncerned with the future of the educational and other forms of Christian work in Mexico. President Carranza welcomed the Conference and prom· ised the fullest protection for evangelical work.,' , Conditions in Mexico continue to improvearrdthe openmin,d,ed.

ness of the people parmits Christian work to be carried on in all parts of the republic, with protection and welcome for the,*,OI'kers.~'

The delegates to the Conference visited thi3Protestant work in all sections of the country, various delegates traveling through No- gales, Sonora, Sinaloa and Guadalajara, EI Paso, Chihuahua, Zaca- tecas and Aguas Calientes, Laredo, Monterey and Saltillo; Mata- , moros, Victoria, Tampico and San ,Luis Potosi, Vera Cruz, .Jalapa no aridPue~la. This travel was attended with untoward, ,iI,l(liden,t

whatever, and with a far greater degree of comfort than was anticipated. Many encouraging evidences were found of the fact that the country is slowly but surely returning to normal· conditions, socially, economically and politically. While some outlying districts are still greatly disturbed, practically all the centers exhibit stable conditions.

This is an opportune time to put into operation the cooperative program of all the Protestant missionary agencies at work in one country, and to show that the Interchurch World Movement may expect practical results in a united solution of the missionary problem.

Now also is an opportunity for the Christians of the United States to prove their real friendship and bring about a clearer understanding between the two neighboring republics.

A JAPANESE CHRISTIAN VIEW OF EUROPE WE have often read statements referring to the effect of the war on thinking peoples of Africa and Asia. Some who have heard of the conflict between so-called Christian na- tions have no doubt scoffed at Christianity. Others have had the discernment to see that the failure has been the failure to follow Christ's principles in national and international affairs. The sol- diers and laborers who have gone to Europe, from China, Japan, . India and Africa have come away with a different view of life~ sometimes better and sometimes worse than when they went from home. It would be interesting to see inside their minds, to gain their view of the, new world into which they have been thrust un- ceremoniously and the effect on them when they returned home,.

Even the changes in the character and view point of Americans has been tremendous, whether they have been pastors, Y. M. C. A.

workers. women or soldiers.

The impression made on a Japanese GeI).eral, an earnest Chris- tian, and a man of education and influence, is worthy of study.

It is a sign of the tendencies and the progress of the world from an Oriental viewpoint. When General Hibiki, of the Japanese army, passed through New York on his return from France he was asked to give his chief impressions and the conclusions reached as a result of his visit to the chief seat of conflict. His replies are in- teresting and illuminating. They were briefly as follows: 1. A firm faith in democracy and a conviction that democracy, perhaps after the British rather than the American model, because Japan is a monarchy, must be acoopted in Japan. .

2. A surprised discovery of the strength of religious faith in France.

3. A clear conviction of God in history. History is not a development of impersonal forcH nor did commercial or random influence bring America in. It was God.

4. Germany was defeated in the spirit. She was not as yet beaten materially. It was the moral ideals of the Allies which conquered the moral ideals of Germany.

5. America did not have so large an actual part in the conflict as others, but it was America which determined the victory. The scale was even, with the German side preponderating; when America was forced in, the German side of the scale shot up. America's contribution was decisive.

6. In outward appearance Russia's failure was a dark disaster. It prolonged the war and threatened the defeat of the Allies, but in. the deeper philosophy of history the hand of God is clear. It meant the overthrow of autocracy in Russia, and in Germany, and assured a new democratic age.

7. Spiritual faith throughout the world, faith in God and in spiritual forces and ideals, have been advanced by the experience of the war. 8. Belief in the Trinity has not been destroyed. The divine character and personality and teaching of Jesus have been brought out with greate·r clearness than ever.

These observations reveal the solid ground work on which Christians have to build in Japanese character. God is working out his plans in human history. The spiritual conquest is the only· one which is really important and lasting. Every nation and every individual has a great responsibility in the world-not because of great power possessed but because one, in the Hand of God, may turn the scale and one in league with the devil may bring untold . misery and disaster. The reliance on spiritual faith and spiritual forces must be emphasized and Jesus Christ must be accepted as the revealer of God and the one true hope for peace, the manifestation of love, the Way of Life.

A UNION MOVEMENT IN AUSTRALIA W RILE the missionary boards in North America are plan- ning an Inter-Church WorId !Movement, there is also a new venture in Australia that is full of promise along the lines of Christian education. The Presbyterian and Methodist churches of Queensland have united in establishing two secondary schools, a girls' high school and a boys' college under control of a joint committee.

Tlris is something new in Australia and opens the way for still closer cooperation in other lines, if not for actual organic union.

INDIA TO

A UNION of Christian students of India in America has been formed with headquarters to try to interpret the spirit and needs of the Indian peoples to those of North America. Of this Society Mr. S. Arga of Union Theological Seminary, New York, is the President. Naturally there are differing view points as to b- dian problems. For example missionaries do not agree among themselves as to the preparedness of Indian peoples for self-govern- ment, or the relation that should exist between Indian Christians and foreign missionaries. Many Indians in America are dissatisfied with most missionary addresses and missionary books on account of their attitude toward the Indian peoples. Native pride is hurt and they believe that many books and addresses misrepresent India, her character, customs and ideals. There is no doubt some truth in this. Some speakers naturally I1elate unusual incidents as if they were of common occurrence. They select and describe the picturesque' and sometimes grotesque scenes as though they were prevalent. Photographs of disagreeable, uns'anitary and immoral conditions are presented as though they were characteristic of all India. • '. ')_••• lt is natural that Indian Christians should be sensitive. They wish to present the attractive features of their country and people -its beautiful scenery and fine buildings, the intellectual acute- ness of its educated classes and the ideals and strength of many of its institutions. But it must be remembered that India is a penin- sular continent with a great variety in races, languages, customs and conditions. What is true of Brahmins is not true of outcastes, and what may be said of the Robber Caste will not describe the "sweepers." There is much that is. attractive· in India in the philos- ophy and patriotism of certain classes, but there is much also that is repulsive and degrading. The missionary purposes of the ad- dresses must be taken into account. The evils must be shown in order that the remedy may be applied.' The people as a whole are still ignorant and weak and untrained in civilized ways, and are unfit for complete self-government. Brahmins and Moslems, Jains, Parsees and outcastes do not agree among themselves.

There is much to be done in India to prepa.re the people for self- .

government and to root out degrading customs.

There is however a real need in promoting a fuller under- standing between India and Anglo-Saxon people,s, and the above 247

mentioned Union may render a great servioe if its members will be as honest and impartial and thorough in their presentation of things Indian as they wish the missionaries to be. Misrepresentations cause only friction. The spirit of Christian truth and love is needed to promote a Christian understanding and more effective service in leading India to the feet of Jesus Christ.

BIBLE READING IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS CHINA has recommended the use of the Christian Scriptures in some of the public schools of that republic, but still many of the schools in America neglect this highest source of wisdom and power. On the Bible are founded the laws and ethics and Christian faith of the civilized world. It is the most widely circulated book in the world-with over 30,000,000 copies distributed in one year-and yet millions of Americans a:ve ignorant of its teachings and neglect the reading of it.

Rev. R. R. Marquis has gathered some interesting facts about the extent to which the Bible is admitted in the schools of various states, in the majority of which no definite legislation on the subject has been enacted. In Massachusetts, Pennsylvania and Tennessee not less than ten verses, and in New Jersey neit less than five verses are required to be read at each session in the public schools. A teacher is subject to dismissal in Tlennessee for failure to comply. In Georgia, North Dakota and Oklahoma,. Bible reading is not definitely prohibited; while in New Hampshire, Connecticut, Texas, Iowa, South Dakota and Colorada the law permits the Bible to be read in schools. Nebraska allows it to be read without comment and studied as literature; Ohio and Virginia leave its use optional with the Boards of Education. Rhode Island, Delaware, West Virginia and Missouri have left Bible reading to the option of the teacher. In New York, pupils cannot be compelled to attend Bible reading. While no law demands the reading in Maine, Vermont, North and South Carolina, Florida, Arkansas and New Mexico, public sentiment does require it; and the custom is also general in ten other states. Thus it is seen that the Bible has at least the right of way in the majority of states.

In Louisiana, where Roman Catholics predominate, the law forbids Bible reading. Legal opinion in California decrees that the Bible is sectarian and sectarian teaching is barred. The Bible is also excluded by the Attorney-General in Minnesota and Washington; in Utah by the Superintendent of Education; in Arizona by statute and in Illinois by the Supreme Court.

Recently the United States Commissioner of Education has appealed to the Federal Council of the Churches for help in Americanizing the foreigners, and many who are more interested in

EDITORIAL

patriotism than in religion have come to the conclusion that the Bible, if read in the public schools, would do much to raise the national leV'el of morality. Wonderful work has been done in some schools to make children good Americans; would that as much interest might be shown in making them good Christians.· WHAT SHALL BE DONE WITH GERMAN MISSIONSY R EV. Burton St. John presents in this number of the REVIEW the problem of German missions after the war. Three atti- tudes are taken in missionary circles: First, obliterate the German element and turn work and equipment over to missionary agencies of neutral or allied countries. Second, return the mis- sions to German societies and allow them to continue their work under certain conditions. Third, judge the case of each mission separately and in general hold the German missions in trust for them until such time as it may seem best to finally decide their fate.

The fate of captured German territory and the regulations controlling German subjects and activities in allied territory must be left to the decision of allied governments. Missionaries look on the problem from the standpoint of the Kingdom of God. The influence of German missionary agencies is however, bound up and largely determined by the attitude of their representatives to the great moral questions involved in the war. It is, therefore, with special interest that we look for some disapproval of the national attitude of the German people, and a statement to show the real mind on the part of German missionaries concerning the moral issues in- volved-truth, humanity, and reliance on spiritual, as opposed to physical ideals, forces and conquests.

The attitude of the best type of German missionaries toward these questions is revealed in an article by u member of the Basel mission (Switzerland), that appeared in the Evangelisches Missions- 'ff/iI1,gazin for February. In his "Word to Anglo-Saxon mission- aries" the author says in part: "There are three requests which we would ask them (editors of missionary periodicals) to consider: (1) During the war love and truth have often been sinned against in your mission papers and mission talks, and the already imperilled ties of the missionary have been still more endangered, while surely we missionaries should be the last to lightly regard the ties of missionary fellowship. We ask that bitterness and passion may no longer prevail among those whose life, like ours, is devoted to the work of Christianity. Remember nOw your share of the responsibility for the oneness of the Church of Christ, and work toward * * * peace, toward mutual understanding, and toward mutual devotion to God, instead of toward hate, toward division Bear witness to the spirit in which your German colleagues have worked, so that the way may again be opened to them. The .eruptions of the war have left a chasm in evangelical Christianity which· is still unbridged and paralyzes

its message to the world. Only Jesus Christ, who has reconciled us with God through His suffering on the Cross, can bridge this chasm. It is we who should endeavor to smooth His way by striving for a true reconciliation in a spirit of repentance and prayer. (2) The question of the possession of the colonies which is now being discussed is not, however, an attempt to improve the condition of the natives, but is simply a matter of colonial conquest. We missionaries therefore should have no hand therein, for our calling is not world politics or the division of the spoils of war, but to carry forward the teachings of Christ. (3) It has been solemnly declared that henceforth German missionaries are not to work in British possessions, because they mould labor in a spirit of enmity. We have no power to effect the change of such a decision, although we take occasion to record a solemn protest. The German missionary in English colonies has done missionary work, not political work. We well know that you, too, have no power to change this decision, but we are disappointed to observe that you have bowed to it without protest."

The attitude of Ohristian missionaries of the allied nations to- ward their former German colleagues is one that truly calls for Christian forbearance and should be regulated by the spirit of Ohrist. There are, however, sins to be repented of and errors to be corrected, and in planning for the future, we must build on foundations that create confidence and must avoid the mistakes and sins of the past. .

IS ABYSSINIA. AWAKENING A BYSSINIA, while not a closed land like Afghanistan, is a backward nation and has been almost untouched by modern Christian missions. The Abyssinian Ohurch belongs among the Oriental Ohristian sects, and is like the Ooptic and Gregorian Churches without spiritual vitality. The members of the Ohurch are not educated Ohristians, their religion is largely a matter of forms and hereditary faith, and has no missionary purpose.

Recent reports', however, tell of a promising religious awakening in Abyssinia, and it is said that some 10,000 Moslems have been received into the State Ohurch within the last five or six years.

The center of the movement is in Sokota, in the Amhara country, where the apostle of the Ohristian movement, the ex-sheikh Zaccaria, now called Noaye Kristos, a person of great influence, is established. It is worth noting that this religious awakening is of an evangelical character. Its original cause appears to have been the work of the British and Foreign Bible Society in Abyssinia. These new Ohristians are very eager to study the Bible, and have organized from among themselves a large body of teachers, said to number about 500, with the object of teaching their youth to read the Scriptures.

EASTERN

The crOllSeS represent centers of German Missionary Eftort German· Missions After the War BY REV. BURTON ST. JOHN, NEW YORK Director o~ the Bureau of Statistics and Research, Foreign Missions Con.ference Condensed from report given at the Anmtal Foreign Missions Conference in New Haven, Connecticut, January, 1919 A T the beginning of the war there were 2,400 missionaries (in- cluding wives) in the German Missions* throughout the non- Christian world. These Missions employed 9,000 native helpers, recorded 720,000 baptized Christians, and had 240,000 registered ·With the German Missions have been included the Basel Missionary Society, which has its headquarters in Switzerland. It is made up very largely of German elements. and commoldy is included in our thought as among German Missions. Also included with these are practically a1l p.1 t}l~ )f9ravi3J1 )li_ssians in the Eastern Hemisphere.

251

in soo{)ols of all grades. The income of these societies for that year was, in round numbers, $2,250,000. These statistics in themselves are sufficient to indicate something of the extent of the missionary enterprise which was under the direction of German missionary societies.

CHARTA E.ach cross in the accompanying map marks some center of German Missions. There are two stations in Persia, a few in Asia Minor, a few in Syria, and a few in Egypt. They are scattered throughout western, southern, and eastern Africa. They may be found in India, and up on the Tibetan border. There is quite a block of them in China. In the Dutch East Indies, too, they have had very strong Missions, as well as in German New Guinea, with some work in the Caroline Islands and in Japan.

Mter peace has been established the German missionaries probably will have the same rights in Dutch territory as they have always had. It is also likely that Japan will not exclude the few missionaries now at work in that country, and that the: Missions in the Caroline Islands will not be disturbed. Probably China will put up no barriers, so that it is the most likely country to which the Germans will turn for future extension of their missionary enterprise.

Let us confine our attention to the Near East, India, New Guinea, and Africa-territories from which German Missions may be excluded for a term of years, and in which adjustments are now pending.

In the Near East there were 161 German missionaries working at the beginning of the war. The German Orient Mission had two stations in Persia, while the Kaiserwert Deaconesses, the German Aid Society, and two smaller societies had Missions in Constantinople, Asia Minor and Syria.

Coming to the East Indian Islands, we find in British Borneo two stations of the Gossner Society. In Dutch New Guinea, territory which is now in the hands of British authorities, there was a very strong work of the Rhenish and Neuendettelsau Societies. In these East Indian Islands were 106 missionaries. The work of these three Missions with three stations among aborigines in Queensland, Australia, doubtless must be provided for in some way.

CHART B In India there is a far greater problem in the work that was formerly conducted by 452 German missionaries. There are the great Gossner Mission in the northeast, the Mission· of the Schleswig-Holstein (Breklum) Society in the east, the work of the Moravians up on the Tibetan Border, the Hermannsburg and Leipzig Missions in the southeast and the extensive Missions of the THIBET BAY OF BENGAL INDIA Each cross represents a residence station of some German ~1issjonary Society. Each dot represents a residence station of some other Protestant Missionary Society.

Basel Society in the , southwest. All these large Missions have a correspondingly large number of missionaries, with a propor~ tionate number of native staff, communicants, schools, and mission industries,-in short, they have all types of missionary work. It may be taken for granted that this whole territory must be re:- arranged, as far as the German Missions are concerned.

CHART C In Africa the problem is even greater. Egypt had, the comparatively small work of the Kaiserwert Deaconesses in the north and the Sudan Pioneer Mission in the south. On the Gold Coast and in Togoland, the only Missions in existence were those of two German societies, the Basel and the North German (Bremen). Again in the northern part of the Kamerun country there w,ere the German Baptists and the Basel Missions with a single station of the Gossne'r Mission. In British and German East Mrica, par- ) AFRICA The crosses represent the principal Slarions of German Missions. The dots represent stations of nther Protestant Missions.

ticularly the latter, were eight or nine societies. From the best information available all the foregoing missionaries have boon interned or repatriated. The Miss-ions are either temporarily provided for or are quite without foreign sl!pervision.

Of course we cannot foretell what will be the action of the Peace Conference in regard to the German colonies. It is commonly believed that they will not be returned to Germany. The Governments which take over these colonies probably will not welcome an early return of the German missionaries.

Many of the German missionaries in South Africa naVie been continuing their work. The Union of South Africa is supposed to have permitted all of the Rhenish Missions in German Southwest Africa to remain without interruption, but what is to be done with these missionaries has not yet been finally determined. .At the beginning of the war, there were in Africa 1,134 missionaries of German societies. This one fact indicates something of the extent of the problem of adjustment. To get this more clearly before us, several charts concerning African Missions are appended.

CHART D-AFRICA, FOREIGN STAFF, 5,365 German-I,134 – 21% – North American-I,1n – 22% – British-1,998 • – 37% – Other-l,061 – 20% – Notice that one-fifth of the misslOnanes in Africa were of German societies. "

CHART E-AFRICA, NATIVE STAFF, 29,651 – 9% – _ =====:-____ German-2,614 BNroirtitshh-A15m,7er4i6can-3,727 — 1533%% — Other-7,564 -" 25% – The German societies show nine per cent of the native staff.

German-284,230=:====:-..____ CH.IRT F-AFRICA, BAPTIZED CHRISTIANS, 1,232,247" – 23% – BNroirtitshh-A59m2e,6ri3c9an-78,882 — 468%% — Other-276,496 – 23% – Of the Protestant baptized ChrLstwns in Africa twenty-three per cent are connected with German societi,es.

CHART G-AFRICA, ENROLLMENT IN SCHOOLS. 724.658 German—88,577 – 12% – North American-90,956 – 13% – British-330,113 – 47% – Other-215,012 – 28% – Twelve per cent of those enrolled in schools were connected with German societies.

Of all the Protestant Missions in the Continent of ~'frica, over one-fifth of the missionaries, almost one-tenth of the native staff, more than one-fifth the baptized Christians and nearly one-eighth of the pupils in schools were connected with societies of German origin. This should be sufficient to make it clear that in Africa alone is a tremendous problem.

Referring ag!J,in to the German Missions throughout the world, eliminating those Missions which will doubtless not be included in this r.eadjustment, we find 1,800 missionaries, 6,000 native helpers, 385,000 baptized Christians, and 150,000 in schools. The annual income which supported these Missions was about $1,500,000.

In other words, the foreign staff was about equal to the staff of· all Protestant Missions in Mexico, the West Indies, Central America, and South America. The native staff, the church, and the schools of German Missions in the territories where adjustments will probably be necessary, are much greater than the similar totals for Latin America.

A. COMPLEX PROBLEM " . This problem is not only gl'leat because of its size, but also it is great because of its complexity. There are numerous govern- mental problems that will have to be met. The attitude of Gov- lernments toward missionaries today is perhaps more intelligent than it ever has been before. They are looking with greater care at the work of missions. The adjustments which are planned necessarily must take into account the attitude of the Governments concerned. As to the Missions themselves, there is the element of terri- torial juxtaposition. One might jump at the conclusion that it would be very easy to settle this whole question, that the Mission in closest territorial juxtaposition should assume the responsi1?ility for the :aeld. But unfortunately the German Missions have not always placed themselves conveniently beside a society that is able to take over their work. Other things being equal, however, the Board haVing near-by work should have first claim to responsi- bility.

Doctrinal propinquity must be taken into consideration. It would be very simple for a Mission of the United Lutheran Church, for example, to take over work of one of the German Lutheran~ societies. There would be no questions of doctrine to adjust with the native Ohurch. Some of these groups include many thou";;' sands of church members and scores of well trained native leaders.

There is also the question of polity. For example, a church that in its polity is Congregational might have great difficulty in taking over the work of a church that had had an Episcopal form of government. Not to give due attention to the accustomed form of church government might lead to much confusion and disagreement.

So complex is this whole problem that it cannot be settled hur- riedly or without prayerful deliberation. Perhaps we have been thinking of this question in the terms of American societies. American societies cannot settle this question. No more can the British societies alone make the necessary adjustments. The British societies are just as much interested and just as much responsible as we are. So too are the Scandinavian societies responsible.

Not only so, but it will be necessary to take into conf,erence the Gennan s{)cieties themselves. This will not be easy, but th(l future of the whole missionary enterprise will be tempered in some measure by the Christian spirit shown in the liIettlement. The questions of property interests especially demand most careful adn;ti.nistration. Both sides must be satisiied that the final dis- .position is in every way eminently just.

Neither let anyone forget that other most important element,

GEaMAN MISSIONS AFTER THE

the native Church. Before these questions are rightly solved, it Will be necessary to confer, in the larger centers at least, with the native Church, and to know that those who take supervision in this new readjustment of work can be met by the Church in a spirit of brotherly love and hearty cooperation. , That the task is great, and that the task is complex, and that it demands the best statesmanship which can be produced is evident.

The most careful Christian consideration, on the part of Great Britain, the United States and Canada, of France, and' the Scandinavian countries and of the German societies themselves should precede each step. The desires and aspirations of the native Church should be a guiding factor. Our prayer should be that whatever adjustment shall come may be in harmony with the will of God. Then only will it be for the advancement of His Kingdom.

TABLE OF GERMAN MISSIONS Area Societies Present Condition Angola Rhenish AFRICA Work undisturbed Bechuanaland Hermannsburg Work probably undisturbed British East Leipzig Missionaries interned or repatriated. Neukirchen Greater part of the work taken over by the Africa Inland Mission.

Cape Province Berlin Some un ordained missionaries in- Moravian terned. Greater part of the work al- Rhenish lowed to continue.

Deaconesses No word concerning the present Sudan Pioneer status of Deaconess Mission or Sudan Pioneer Mission German East Berlin Missionaries of German East Africa interned or repatriated.

Scottish Missions of Nyasaland have been assisting the work East Africa Not provided for. Leipzig Not provided for.

Moravian Scottish Missions of Nyasaland have been assisting. .

Neukirchen Not provided for.

German Southwest Rhenish Work undisturbed.

Gold Coast Basel Missionaries interned or repatriated. Kameun Baptist Work taken over by the United Free Church of Scotland.

Missionaries (except two or three American citizens) interned or re- patriated. The American citizens have continued the supervision of the work.

Area Societies Present Condition Basel Missionaries interned or repatriated. Gossner Paris Society giving supervision to it.

Natal Berlin A single station, now probably aban- Hermannsburg doned.

Orange Free State Berlin Missions allowed to continue. A few unordained men have been interned. Togoland Basel Missions allowed to continue. A few Transvaal Bremen unordained men have been interned. Berlin Hermannsburg Missionaries of Togoland interned or repatriated. The one station of the Basel Mission is under the United Free Church of Scotland.

Bremen Mission with a Christian community of 10,000 by latest infor- mation was without supervision.

Missions have been allowed. to con- tinue.

ASIA China Allgemein Mission Except in Hongkong and Tsingtao the India Basel missionaries have not been forced to Japan Berlin leave.

Berlin Women Friedenshort (C. I. M.) German Alliance (C. I. M.) German Women (C. I. M.) Hildesheim Kie1 Liebenzell' (C. I. M,) Rhenish Basel Malabar work is supervised by the South India United Church. The Mahratta work in the South is under the direction of the National Mission- ary Council. The outlying stations have been taken over by several neigh- boring Missions.

Berklum Mission supervised and aided by the United Lutheran Church of America.

Gossner Mission under the supervision of the Bishop of Chota Nagpur of the Church of England.

Hermannsburg Mission aided by the Ohio Lutheran Synod of America and by the Foreign Missionary Society of the United Lutheran Church of America.

Leipzig Mission largely under the supervision of the Swedish Church Mission.

Moravian No definite word received. Probably not interrupted.

Allgemein Work not interrupted.

(Continued on Page 265)

Masses and the Classes in

BY THE REV. PRINCIPAL J. C. R. EWING, FORMAN CHRISTIAN COLLEGE, LAHORE, INDIA Address given at the Student Volunteer Conference, East Northfield, Mass.

I NDIA is not a country; it is a continent. Its people do not con- stitute a nation; they are an assemblage of peoples of diverse na- tionalities, religions, customs and ideals. It is exceedingly difficult, even for those who dwell amongst them, to form anything approaching a full appreciation of the task still awaiting the Ohristian Ohurch, within the limits of that huge peninsula. We find there one-fifth of the entire population of our entire planet. There are more people there than in the U. S. A., Canada, South America and Africa combined. The ~eat areas of the U. S. A., France and Russia taken together contain a population less than that of India, with its 315 millions of inhabitants.

We think of these as Hindus, Mohammedans, Buddhists, Christians, Sikhs, Animists and Parsees, or under a wider classification, as literate and illiterate. Of the former there are some 20 millions, of whom more than one-tenth are literate in English. This portion of the population has not only increased rapidly in numbers, but within recent years, has advanced rapidly in influence and is today asserting a claim to be regarded as the leaders of the great masses of the people. That they are truly representative of the sUent mass ma.y well be doubted, and the idea that any such relation exists is spurned as ridiculous by many. Nevertheless the fact remains that they have become the spokesmen of the multitude, and are giving direction to the sooial, political and, in some measure, the religious movements of the day. When a few years ago, Japan, in the far East gained a great victory over Russia, a mighty impulse was communicated to all of the great Eastern peoples. The idea that they must of necessity remain forever in a relation of subservience to the West disappeared for all time. In India people began to claim for themselves "a place in the sun," and to demand for themselves a part in Ute great drama of human history.

This is not the time for any discussion of those tremendous questions which have emerged there from the greatly altered conditions of modern days. It need only be declared that the peoplo are aroused to the possibilities of the future, and are filled with an ambition for themselves and for their country of a nature which could not have been anticipated, least of all by themselves. The leaders of today are men trained in the learning of the West. The initial stages of this training date no farther back than the days 259

. ~ Duff and Macaulay,. and yet it has, in a sense, already tran.Jformed thecountry,-not that it has changed materially the lives or the faith or the ideals of the great masses of the people; but it has giveu new direction to the predominant life of that portion of the population which furnishes leadership to the multitude. — The introduction of Christian ideas through the study of English literature, and especially through the agency of Christian missions, is largely responsible for present conditions.

The ethical ideas current amongst men of education, belong- ing to all the religions and societies of the land, are derived to an almost startling degree from the New Testament. But they have not been led to the full, or in most cases, even the partial acceptance of Jesus Christ as Saviour. It is true that from the time of Alexander Duff onwards, individuals, !'lome of wnom became mighty as leaders in the Christian Church, have entered the Kingdom from amongst the higher classes of the people, both Hindu and Mohammedan. Instances of such men are many, and some of them might be cited, did time allow. Nevertheless, the situation is such as justifies one in pointing to the millions of the higher classes as constituting today one of the most needy and hopeful :fields for direct missionary effort to be found in any coun- try. I It is imperative that the Gospel of Christ be given, and its adaptability to their needs be shown to men who have left behind all allegiance to the idolatry and superstitution which character- ized the attitude of their fathers, and who are in a position where they may be induced to give a thoughtful hearing to the claims of that faith which announces itself as the fullest supply for all the needs of all men.

A great advance in the work now being done by the mis- sionary schools and colleges, the Y. M. C. A. and organizations for the preparation and dissemination of Christian literature is an obvious necessity of the hour. If such advance be deferred, much of our opportunity will be forever lost. The present politi- cal crisis is also a crisis in the missionary history of the country.

A.t the present moment all existing effort avails to touch but a small proportion of the classes referred to with anything closely approaching an adequate presentation of our message. And meanwhile the people of whom we speak, are rapidly advancing to positions of influence and authority, great numbers of them having learned but little of Christianity, and that little in many cases, alas, from institutions and 9rganizations established for the purpose of counteracting the influence of the Gospel. .

For this specific task a small army of Indian, European and American recruits must somehow be enlisted. The call is for the

THE MASSES AND THE CLASSES IN INDIA

brightest and best young people of the Church. Should you enter that field you will find a sphere in the midst of those inteUectual, cultured and, in all respects, intensely interesting people, that .will make a constant and strenuous demand upon all that you are, and all that you may have acquired throughout the years of your preparation.

Such a gift from the Church to India is something that must be forthcoming soon, if the hopes entertained during the past years are not to be shattered, if the splendid opportunity of the hour is not to be ignored, and if the blessing that has been promised to a faithful Church is to be realized.

'l'he number of converts from the educated classes during recent years is, by no means, an accurate index of the results that may be expected. The leaders of a nation are being prepared for the time when they will enter the Kingdom. In spite of the loosening of the bonds of caste and the removal of much unreasoning prejudice, it is still an appalling prospect that faces the youth or man who contemplates the public profession of his faith in Christ. In exchange for his new faith he must relinquish eTerything which men commonly count dear.

He hesitates, and can you wonder .at this' He temporizes, and is lost.

Young men and women, such men and women need such men and women as you, that through your effort in teaching, guiding, sympathizing and loving they may be won to make the great sacrifice.

By way of further emphasizing India's call to you, I desire to speak briefly of that great phenomenon of modern days, known as the "Mass Movement." Time was, within themem- ory of some of us, when the low caste peoples seemed largely impervious to all attempts to reach them. Today, the sixty millions of such people constitute a sphere of transcendent interest and promise. Throughout large areas these depressed classes are moving in companies great and small toward the door of the Christian Church. The movement is so rapid and the prospects so bright, that one who has studied the situation with thoroughness was, I think, fully justified in his statement to the effect that were the Church to rise to her opportunity we might reasonably expect, within a decade, to see a body of 15 millions' membership in India. Preachers and teachers are intensely absorbed in the effort to instruct, guide and build up a Church that shall be one of spiritual life and power.

Unquestionably the movement is not exclusively a spiritual movement. In the case of some, the chief thing sought is social

advancement and escape from the practical serfdom of the past. The possibility of such escape it may be assumed is the primary influence in the case of many, but even so, however mixed the motive, the faces of many thousands have turned toward Christ; and though many in the beginning had little idea of Him toward whom they had begun to look, as they have been brought under Christian influences, large numbers of them have entered into lives of Christian knowledge and efficiency. Some of them have advanced to positions of Christian leadership, and the community as a whole is growing not only in numbers but in Christian grace and service.

Here is a €lemand for a strenuous advance upon the part of the missionary Church of the West. Year after year witnesses an increase in the great body of inquirers. 'fhese must be taught and trained for service amongst their fellows. The task of guiding them toward the point where they shall become a part of a great self-governing and self-supporting Church is one of tremendous importance, and a large share in this must necessarily be borne by men and women from the West.

You are called in God's Providence to aid against two great perils: first, the danger lest, under the pressure of the time, a great baptized community should be formed, the membership of which should remain destitute of the life and power which can come only through the knowledge of Jesus Christ, in His adaptability to the need of the lowliest and most ignorant. Second, the danger lest this wonderful opportunity pass, through our failure because of lack of laborers to welcome, receive and guide the vast multitude that is knocking at our doors. The forces of Islam are lying in wait to receive. them, if we fail to welcome them, as they come; and both Aryan and Mohammedan, are eager to draw them aside as they enter or have entered our gates, if through failure on our part to give them the fullest degree of spiritual help they are disappointed at what they find within.

In the case of these 60 millions of the lowly, we may say with all conviction, that this is the opportunity of all the centuries. I fear for the Indian Church, for this great multitude which is still without, and for the Christian Church in the West, if this time of all times for the reaping of a great harvest be allowed to pass while we. are doing less than our best.

There is a third feature in the situation in India which is likely when clearly appreciated to appeal to a very considerable number of Student Volunteers. I refer to those whose thoughts have been turned to work among the followers of Islam.

Of these there are 67 millions in India. King George of England rules over more Mohammedans than any other ruler on earth. Not long after the death of the prophet some of his followers made their way to Hindustan. Successive invasions from the Northwest were succeeded by many centuries during which the paramount influence in the land was Mohammedan. That prestige was finally overthrown at the time of the Indian Mutiny. During a long period previous to this, the great Mohammedan population had come into close' contact with the enlightening and broadening influences of the West, and since then that contact has increased and affected the bulk of the people to a degree which has produced a tremendous impression upon them.

For more than a century Western learning, Christian literature, the Christian missionary, and the Christian ruler, by his life and example, have been touching the lives and helping to form the ideals of Muslim youth. Great and fairly radical reform movements have swept large numbers of them far away from the -position of their fathers.

Of these the most noteworthy has been that which centers around the figure of Sir Sayad Ahmad of Aligarh. The Indian Muslim has come to differ widely from his brother in other lands.

This difference lies in his general breadth of culture, his greater appreciation of the views of others, and the wide-spread knowledge of Christian truth drawn from the sources 6f which mention has been made. It may, I think, be fairly claimed that there is no other country in which Mohammedans are so accessible to the M-essage of the Gospel as they are in India. The discouraging nature of work for the people of Islam is well known to us all. We know something of the self-satisfaction, the blind faith and the intense bigotry that have tested the fidelity of the Church for centuri-es. Thes·e obstacles are by no means absent from the Mohammedans of India, and yet, there seems to me good ground for the conviction that we have greater reason to expect large results in the near future from amongst the followers of the Arabian prophet, in India, than in the less enlightened lands where his faith has almost from the beginning held uninterrupted sway.

We are encouraged in t.his belief by the number and quality of accessions from Islam, especially during recent years. Some of the outstanding leaders of the Christian Church, men unsurpassed in spirituality and power are converts from Mohammedanism.

These signs of the times are full of significance, and we joyfully recognize in them the harbingers of a great movement toward Christ, and (may it not beT) the beginning of what will eventually

grow into. a mighty Christian missionary advance· into the ancient strongholds of that faith which has for so long a time withstood with such stubbornness the efforts of the Church.

. Great numbers of men, young and old, are found in India C()nfessing that for· them the orthodox tenets of their ancestral faith have little meaning. It is not any longer Islam as a religion but Islam as a symbol and reminder of the past glory of a people to which they still point with pride, that gives so large a degree of coherence to this great section of India's population.

In saying this, I would not be understood as believing that the battle has been almost won. On the contrary, we are sure that the struggle here is likely to be as protracted and fierce as that waged with the forces of ancient and modern Hinduism. But that which I would that you might gather is this, that India as a field for work amongst Mohammedans is second to none in present promise, and that it is not a wild dream which suggests that God, who in His Providence brought Mohammedanism and the Christian missionary into such close contact, under unique conditions of religious freedom for a century, has been thus preparing the way for the most effective advance of all history, into those countries where Islam still reigns supreme.

In our attempt to suggest the special needs and peculiar opportunities presented by a study of present-day conditions in the great mission field of which we speak, we have referred to great sections of the population amounting to a total or about 150 millions. But these are less than one-half of the whole. There remains a great host of Hindus, Buddhists, Jains and Animists who belong to none of the classes indicated, but whom we may not ignore in our estimate of the task that lies before us. It is not to be assumed that these are inaccessible to the missionary, even though their present situation and attitude are not such as to call for special mention, in a statement which aims to suggest peculiar and urgent conditions. Many millions still live largely untouched by the influences which have almost completely transformed the lives and thoughts of their neighbors. Superstition, gross idolatry and complete satisfaction with the traditions of their fathers, characterize them as individuals and communities. Reform in religion, and in social practices is still a thing remote from their· every thought. Innumerable objects of worship make their appeal to the blind and needy heart, and receive in response the abject devo~ tion of the lives of the multitude. Adherence to caste regulation is as firmly entrenched as ever in the homes of a great proportion of the people. Many preposterous customs connected with religion and social life, upon which the educated have turned their backs, are as devotedly followed as they were a thousand years ago.

1919i THE MASSES AND THE CLASSES iN lND1A

The Pantheistic substructure of all their thinking and its curious development into the greatest system of Polytheistic practice that the world has yet seen, presents to the messenger of the Truth an obstacle the magnitude of which cannot be overestimated.

Proud of their ancient literature, and looking with lofty contempt upon a faith which they regard as a thing of today, their condition and attitude challenge our v,ery best, as we set ourselves to the work of understanding them, and their prejudices, and of learning something of the process which must take place in their thinking before they can be expected to intelligently appreciate the message which we long to have them receive.

The evangelization of India calls for haste, because of the considerations which have been mentioned. But let no one suppose that the urgency of the need is such as to justify the neglect of careful preparation on the part of those who are called. Let there be few short cuts to India. It can be evangelized speedily only through the pouring forth of our best life. We believe that we have a message, which through the might of the Spirit will prevail, and we believe that in the- very greatness of the task of presenting it there is something that comes as a mighty challenge to the deepest spirituality and the highest intellectual preparation that our country can furnish.

"And time shall come, when, like a swelling tide, The Word shall leap the barriers, and the Light Shall sweep the land; and Faith and Love and Hope Shall win for Christ this stronghold of the night."

GERMAN MISSIONS (Concluded from page 258) Area Societies Present Condition Malaysia Persia Leipzig Only one station. Doubtless discon- Turkey tinued. (Including Syria) Orient Mission probably continuing work. Australia Deaconesses Missionaries probably interned or re- German Aid patriated. No definite word received. Jerusalem Leper Asylum Syrian Orphanage O~NIA Moravian Small Missions among aborigines prob- N euendettelsau ably allowed to continue.

British Borneo Basel Missionaries interned or repatriated. No definite information received.

Caroline Islands Liebenzell Japanese authorities have allowed work to continue.

Dutch East Indies Neukirchen Work undisturbed. Rhenish Probably all work is suspended, al- German New GuineaNeuendettelsau though the most recent word is Rhenish indefinite.

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Birjand 6..,., (it ., '( o Y4 Y2 3f.. Imi. E ! I , , N+S Scale of Mile w MESHED AND ITS STRATEGIC POSITION Presbyterian Missions underlined twice; British Missions underlined once. The circle has a radius of 600 miles An American Door to Central Asia BY REV. DWIGHT M. DONALDSON, MESHED, PERSIA Missionary of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

M ESBED-where is it-in Arabia, Afghanistan or Morocco ~ Few, even of those interested in Christian missions, have ever heard of the place. Fewer still realize its importance in the strategy of missions in Asia. The accompanying map shows the position of Meshed on the eastern border of Persia, not far from Afghanistan. It is far removed from other centers where missionaries are working. On this map the mission stations of the Church of England are underscored with a single line and American stations with double lines.

. The missionary responsibility of other stations in Persia has extended as far as the western border of Khorasan, a province· as large as France, and having .a population of two million. This province belongs to the territory of which Meshed is the first occupied outpost. Eastern Afghanistan, when it is o~ned to foreigners, will naturally fall within the sphere of the work of the English mission stations in India, but western Afghanistan, with a population of about three million, will be a 267

logical field of expansion for the American missionary enterprise opened in Meshed. On the north, in Russian Turkestan, is a great neglected region with nearly 15,000,000 Mohamme- dans. P.robably five million of Tartars and Turkomans live within the boundary of the great circle, with a radius of six hundred miles, drawn from Meshed as a center. This field should be organized, reinforced, equipped and extended so as to reach not less than ten million people dwelling in a region four times as large as France.

Railroads (indicated by dotted lines) have already penetrated Turkestan. Some other society may occupy this great country to the north, and such an arrangement would be agreea"ble to the Presbyterian missionaries in Meshed. Were their present force increased seven-fold these missionaries would still number only one missionary for every 50,000 people, without going beyond Khorasan. ]'ive new missionaries a year for the next seven years is the conservative but probably the hest general program for expanding the work in Khorasan. If, in the next two or three years, Afghanistan should be opened, as it may be, then this rate of increase should be doubled.

The fact that the people of Afghanistan read and speak the Persian language is already giving the missionaries in Khorasan a unique advantage. Pushtu, the distinctive dialect of Afghanistan, has approximately the same relationship to Persian that Scotch or Gaelic has to English. Consequently Persian books and newspapers are widely read in that still closed land. From the American mission hospital in Meshed, in one year, 1791 copies of Scripture, most of them in the Persian language, were sold to visiting merchants from Afghanistan, a:p.d by .them were taken across the border and sold among their countrymen. The hospital at Meshed has many patients from the land of the great Mogul. At one time, and in one room, there were four hernia cases from the city of Herat.

A GREAT TASK FOR A LITTLE STATION The little mission station in Meshed, with never more than five missionaries, has undertaken to do extensive evangelistic and medical itinerating. The dotted lines on the map of Khorasan show how extensive these journeys have been. Two large cities, Tun and Tabbas, are still unvisited. They lie f·ar to the south, across the desert, in a region famous for its dates and oranges. Most of the other cities have been visited repeatedly and the people ha,ve bought hundreds of copies of Scriptures. They have shown a friendly interest in Christian preaching, and in some cases have urged the mission-

AN AMERICAN DOOR TO CENTRAL

aries "to come and stay." In Salzevar and in Nishapur particularly, substantial offers of help have been made if medical mission work could be started there. In Khorasan there are some seven cities in which stations could be started at once if the missionaries were available.

The English government has now extended a new railroad through Baluchistan, practically to the border of Persia, and has made a road for motor cars as f,ar north as Turbat-i- Haidari with the idea of extending this motor road on to Meshed. It will thus be possible for the Meshed missionaries, when equipped with light automobiles and la motor ambulance, to do much more extensive evangelistic and medical itinerating among the cities and villages along the border of Afghanistan. This will be in great contrast to the long and wearisome journey of eight hundred miles, on pack mules and running camels, made a year ago from Meshed to the terminus of the new English railroad. The journey was then made slowly, in seventytwo days, allowing opportunity for preaching and the selling of about 1,200 Scriptures in six cities and thirty-five villages.

THE SACRED CITY OF MESHED The map of the city of Meshed shows the location of the sacred shrine, the precincts of which only Mohammedans are allowed to enter. The American Presbyterian Mission Hospital was started in a rented Persian house, about ten minutes walk from the shrine area. About one hundred thousand pilgrims visit this shrine every year and more and more of them arc coming to the hospital, <both for treatment and to buy Scriptures. Fifteen thousand patients a year are treated in this hospit'al and as many as seven thousand copies of Scripture have been sold in Meshed in a single year.

While Meshed is the first great sacred city of Islam in which Christian missionary work has been eS,tablished, the opposition of fanatics has been much less noteworthy than the v.ery general appreciation shown by many thousands of the people. A striking example of this is the fact that two-thirds of the expense of the medical mission wdrk has been paid by the Persian people. , The American hospital took the lead in feeding the starving multitudes of Meshed during the recent famine. Last year when one of the missionaries, Dr. Lewis F. Esselstyn, died of typhus fever, the people said of him,"He gave his life for us." Will not the Church of Jesus Christ, wllo gave his life f,orthe people of Khorasan a:nd ifghanistan, respond to the need, of these ten millions of people who are ignorant of the Gospel and without its blessings ,

Opportunity Among

BY REV. LEMUEL CALL BARNES, D. D., NEW YORK Secretary, Department of English-speaking Missions, American Baptist Home Mission Society H OW can we at home do most for the men who are being demobilized and at the same time bring the greatest benefit to America and to all nations 1 The national government proposes a system of cooperation with State governments in what they name Soldier Settlements. This is an undertaking of profound social significance.

Food production is the basic business of civilized life. This is true not only because human existence depends upon it, but also because human character depends upon it. Food production and character production are more than concomitants, they are coefficients. The upward way of the human race from savagery to barbarism and from barbarism to civilization not only has been marked, but also has be'en, caused by the climb from the hunting to the nomadic stage and from the nomadic to the agricultural. This trend is so deep in the blood, so eternally genetic, that the best thing you can do for a boy or a man if you want to stabilize his character in its finest and most productive qualities is to put him into intimate contact with growing things. The home mission agencies should never be deflected from putting major emphasis on the complete Christianizing of agricultural settlements. Just now that is the most powerful reconstruction measure for returning soldiers. Having of necessity drilled them for months in the awful art of destruction, the most redemptive of services now is to re€lliist them in the business of production.

Another intimately spiritual aspect of the matter is the necessity for increased food production. The human family can not go on rising to higher levels without an ample supply of bread. Brains without bread are impotent. The pinch of inadequate 'nutrition is not as remote as we could wish. Years ago, that railroad statesman, James J. Hill, made the burden of his economic message in articles and books the fact that our food productIon has been nowhere near keeping pace with our growing population necessities.

Even in the United States we can no longer go on blindly ignoring that ominous fact. The war has shocked us awake. .At last' all men, not only thinking proletarians but even the most sodden theologians, have come to see that food supply is a matter of spiritual concern. We have even learned that it is preeminently 270 Christian to provide food for the whole world. Agricultural betterment is of the very substance of loyalty to Him who called Himself the Bread of Life and taught us to put as a constant element in our worship the prayer for daily bread. The Soldier Settlements summon us to make a new start in proclaiming the full gospel- and embedding religion in the very structure of whole neighborhoods.

A third consideration showing the promise of Soldier Settlements for the Kingdom of God is the fact that demobilized men naturally turn to the conquest of the land. The men of the American Revolution after winning national independence swarmed over the Appalachian Mountains for the winning of personal independence and led in the occupation of the eastern West. Before the Civil War ended, Abraham Lincoln, bred in the old West and knowing the needs of both the country and its men, signed the Homestead Act by which the new Central West was thrown open. War trained men were the foremost force in creating the mighty commonwealths between the Great Lakes and the arid zone.

Now after the Great World War, what is to be done to give similar outlet to the virile forces which come back in khaki? A few days ago I talked with a young man of active mind, who said that he and many whom he knew wanted to ge,t on farms. They had been living out of doors, doing hard physical work and bringing something to pass. The volu~tary element in the situation and its appeal to high ambition, make it fit in with the very substance of religion.

A fourth factor making the Soldier Settlement plan an unprecedented opportunity for demonstrating what Christianity can do, is the fact that such settlements are creatable only by a supreme exercise of the principle of brotherhood. Our government is preparing to create Soldier Settlements by immense cooperative projects. Tl).e old days of vast, well-watered and unoccupied areas no longer exist, where sturdy men could carve out homesteads for themselves by purely individualistic methods. Yet there is in America an abundance of fertile soil which can be made available by social action. Vast stretches of desert and of swamp have almost unbelievable depths of the richest kind of soil, still larger areas of logged-off land have abundant soil, but are occnpied with great stumps of the kind that would not rot out in two lifetimes. Immense capital, great engineering systems and organized armies of laborers are indispensable to the conquest of our still unconquered resources for the production of food and of character. One incidental advantage of the undertaking is that it will require that multitudes of our demobilized men be immediately remobilized for campaigns of- construction. One of the redeeming features of

the war has been the habit of unseliish brotherhood engendered by camp and trench and united onset. All the people cooperatively must open the unsubdued parts of our country for the returning soldiers in such a way that every man can have a fair chance to win and pay for an equipped, productive farm.

Again, the Soldier Settlements, if rightly handled, furnish a key to the entire problem of social reconstruction. It may unlock several essentials. One is the provision of adequate food and clothing at payable prices. This is essential for our congested urban populations. Only a people fed and clothed can consider questions reasonably. The burning questions of the immediate future will be answered with frantic passion if multitudes are hun- gry and cold. • Another essential is that the portion of our working population comprising the largest number of anyone kind Of manual workers be in an optimistic mood, namely, the agricultural contingent it- self, i. e., 35% of our entire population. For years rural life had been deteriorating. In our century strenuous efforts have been made by various nations and agencies, including home mission boards, for the betterment of rural conditions. Now is the time to give those manifold, maturing plans a rapid realization through the creation of the Soldier Settlements on the best lines known, start- ing them de novo, without the fearful drag of hardened habits.

Another essential of the coming kingdom of heaven on earth is the exaltation of manual occupations till they ·are seen to be divine, employing mind and will as well as muscle. Agriculture is the manual vocation most readily capable of such spiritualization. If we put the men-mill men, office men, college men-who gloriously dug the battle trenches in France, to digging irrigation trenches in Arizona and drainage ditches in Louisiana, then to turning the swamps and deserts into model farmstead communities for them- selves and their loved ones, we can do more in the sight of the whole world, as well as in the sight of God, during the next ten years than in one hundred years under ordinary conditions..

It is hardly needful to add that the proposed Soldier Settle- ments provide not only an opportunity, but Without question an im- perious call, for inter-church cooperation. The governrilent does not prohibit the free exercise of religion by any individual· or group of individuals. At the same time, if the denominations al- low themselves to be drawn into the expenditure of the sacred funds given for the extension of Christ's Kingdom on earth, into mere competitive, sectarian rivalries, they have committed treason to a holy trust and will be condemned. Here is the opportunity for us. to say at the creative hour of new communities: Cooperation is the law of Christ. . If any two or three inhabitants of a Soldier

CHRISTIAN OPPORTUNITY AMONG SOLDIERS

Settlement want to have a church of their own and support it themselves, it is nobody's business but theirs and God's. But. if they should call upon home mission agencies to support them with missionary money the responsibility would be transferred to the Boards and they would have to answer for the misappropriation of funds if they used money for such a purpose.

It is impossible as yet to tell how large a task is laid upon home mission agencies by the proposed Soldier Settlements. But enough is ascertained to suggest immediate dimensions. After subtracting the areas now improved and the other vast areas which are unavailable for agriculture, we have 372 million acres of unimproved land which can be brought under cultivation. In order not to be staggered by the magnitude of the problem let us say that only one-tenth of that area, or 37 millions acres, are likely to be subdued in the immediate future even by the demobilized army. In some of the irrigated tracts 10 acres are enough for a family, 40 acres are enough in a large number of cases. But suppose that the average is to be 100 acres, a large allowance for the new intensive farming. That would mean 370,000 new farms. How many new churches will that require? The majority of the new settlement churches in the past have begun with less than 25 constituent families. But assume four times that manv for the new non-competitive order,L e., one hundred families to' a church a~d six families on each square mile. With the church at the center several of the one hundred families would be four miles away. These conservative figures show the necessity for 3,700 n~w churches in the next few years.

But the number of churches is not the main thing. They must be of a new type. Even if they were confined to the old lines of church life, the churches for our men from France would have to be of a commanding strength which few frontier churches had in former times and they must have a corresponding outlay for workers and equipment. Can we serve the men who have saved the world with the aid of manifold new instrumentalities. and not give them the best that the Spirit of God has given us iIi ideals, methods and equipment for embodying the whole round of religion 7 The one-celled meeting-house of the old frontier and the singlebarrel shotgun preacher will not do for the men who have learned to cope successfully with the magnificent equipment of the world 'f! greatest military forces.

No one can look into the opportunity of the churches in connection with the Soldier Settlements without being oonvinced that it is an opportunity of the first magnitUde.

and Its Savor in China-II

Do the Chinese Make Good Christians'

BY REV. CHARLES E. SCOTT, TSING TAU, CHINA Author of "China From Within"

O NE of the most appalling things that the itinerant missionary sees is the enactment of the "ma kiei" (the reviling of the Street). Usually it is done by a woman, who, cowed and dishonored, has endured abuse till she rebels-breaks like a whelming flood against a dam. Wild and frenzied, she rushes out into the street there in the presence of the neighbors fast-gathering for the spectacle to relieve her mind of one awful typhoon of vituperation; and, because heathenism has no gods worth cursing by, she likens the object of her wrath to all the lower orders of creation, big and little, four footed and two, quadrupeds and vermin. With her locks dishevelled, and tearing her clothes, her arms waving in frantic energy, and beating her breast, she reviles all the ghosts of her husband's ancestors and all his posterity to the nth generation. She curses every home on the stJ:eet, up one side and down ·the other-until she falls, frothing, often a physical wreck for life, or permanently blind as a result, or with a blood vessel broken.

I arrived late on Saturday night to worship over Sabbath in the home of a single Christian of the village. He was a fine old man, mellowed by sorrow and trial, and an elder. A cunning scheme was worked out by the village to humiliate him in the presence of the foreign "Shepherd." Newly dug peanuts were sunning on the threshing floor of a next door neighbor. A man sauntered up and -began to accuse the elder's wife, who was a heathen, of stealing several peanuts off that floor. As he taunted and vociferated, accomplices joined him; the din of shouting and recrimination increased in fury until the young bucks had the old 'woman wild in uncontrollpd and uncontrollable rage. Her raving was perfectly awful to see and hear. Before its climax was reached the whole village apparently had asspmbled, the narrow street was jammed with an excitpd crowd, gesticulating and commenting on the spectacle, common enough, but interesting now because of the foreigner. And as she collapsed the gang of heartless mischief-makers, leering, moved nearer her house and shouted into the gray-bearded elder: "This is the self-control and love of the er-kwei-tsi kia! This is the power of thp Jesus Doctrine!"

But the power of it they never knew. They thought he was a coward, afraid to come out and .become a part of the new flow of inflamed filth. But inside, he. was on his knees, and pouring out his soul to God for strength to love them and show them a good example.

274 Many members of the Catholic Church in China are village roughs and bullies who had grudges to pay; they are also law-suit promoters, who seek power and prestige before the magistrate in pressing cases backed by priests of the Roman hierarchy. Many of the members are unregenerates who, appearing for examination be- fore Protestant missionaries, were, recommended to more study; and, in pique at what is termed "loss of face," in not being received at once into church membership, they hastily offered themselves to the priest. I have examined a number, who did not know who Mary is, or even who is Jesus. But such were speedily baptized by the priest and entered at once upon interesting careers of zeal for the Church, which took the form of harassing Protestant Christians.

Repeatedly with clubs they have broken up our religious serv- ices; once, with guns, one of which was accidentally discharged by a rowdy into the arm of a pal, thereby causing the gang to accuse vf attempted murder a mild and innocent worshipper in that service.

He was in prison six months before the truth of his innocence leaked oot. '

Where they dared, their policy has been to terrorize humble, inoffensive folk. A poor woman whose husband had died and who was childless, was the only Protestant Christian in a village of one of our churches, where twenty families had suddenly become Catho- lics in order to successfully push a law-suit against a rival clan.

They threw all her chickens into her well, and committed a series of like outrages-petty to us, but great to her. In answer to her request to know wherein she had offended them they wrote: "Noth- ing, but we want you to know that we ar,e 'Ii hai' (fierce) and you had better clear out!" She did, leaving her small property to her spoilers.

Ill.. another village a gang of Catholics had sought to drive out a single Protestant family, burning their harvested wheat and their house, and lighting fires under their plow-ox.

The magistrate in a County near Tsingtau was in bondage of fear to foreign priests there. He did whatever they demanded.

They entered upon a systematic plan to use this official and their own rowdies to frighten our Christians either into recanting and joining their ranks, or else into moving out of certain desirable vil- lages. Our services were repeatedly broken up, the leaders carried off to the yamen, where they were imprisoned and bambooed and repeatedly tortured by the yarnen henchmen for blackmail.

Well do these Christian know that as Paul said: "Through tribulation they enter in.to the Kingdom of God."

Yes, these Christians endure, and without repining. A mis- sionary friend cites the case of Han Wu. Waylaid outside the village by his heathen neighbors, he was beaten until insensible and left there to die. Kind' Christian friends, hearing of the outrage,

took him up, and as they were tenderly laying him down on his brick bed, one of them asked: "Are you suffering much, Brother HanY" "Nothing like my Lord suffered for me." From the beginning the most powerful and fiercest enemies of Christianity in China have been the officials. To the national antipathy towards a strange religion coming in to usurp the place of the 91d, has been added the knowledge of foreign aggressions, the forcing of leases and concessions by their Governments, and the political indiscretions of the Roman Catholic priests. They have usually felt that, in the language of one official: "Christians are roughnecks, who need shaving with the heavy razor" (the headsman's sword).

Even Li Hung Chang could say: "I hated the foreign religion more violently than all other scourges in the world: and I prayed and hoped that not alone would the Taipings be destroyed, but that earthquakes, eruptions of mountains, and terrible fevers would make the Christian nations without a man, a woman, or a child."

A great Viceroy wrote: "Christians are rats of disease caught from the leprous missionaries of Canton; and they would run into all the holes of the centre and north and spread their vile malady. The lingering death of a thousand slices should be applied to. all those who have countenanced this foreign doctrine. If my own arms were not so lame during this season from rheumatism and other ailments of the blood, nothing could please me better than to take a place as executioner of the vermin."

Apart from the fact that Christianity was for them a troublebre~der, it has seemed utterly absurd to the Confucian Literati and officials of China. As Li Hung Chang put it: "It is a part of the Christian teaching that the "Heaven-Father" let his son come on earth and die for wicked people. Such teaching I If they would say he came and died for the good people, it would sound sensible, even though the rest of their doctrines are too absurd for a man with brains to give a serious thought to. If the gods are good and want men to be good, will they allow members of. their families to be killed like criminals for the sake of criminals? It has been long intimated that most of those foreign devils are .crazy, and I am beginning to believe it. But it is strange that they ehould be able to draw any of our people away from the old religion and old philosophy. I cannot understand how it is,. but I am sure this crazy fad will die out."

The officials have had numberless methods and opportunities to try in the dark, and without fear of exposure, to make it "die out." The authority of each magistrate in his district is practically absolute; and no Christian who would be brought before him would think of being so rash as to oppose his will.

SALT AND ITS SAVOR IN CHINA

Often the persecution by fellow-villagers is intimately bound up with that by officials, because the latter can so powerfully abet and crushingly complete what neighbors have begun. For instance, in the case of refusal on the part of one of our Christians to pay a share or subscription towards a temple show, a subscription eCKorbitant and arbitrarily assessed him,-which he would have repudiated, even had it been smaller-the village elders sued him before the magistrate, who made him pay heavily and had his feet bam- booed for good measure. These unfair discriminations €CKtend from the most trivial affairs to the most serious. The young son of one of our Christians cut grass over the boundary line of his neighbor'S patch-by accident, he claimed. The regula~ fine for such transgressing was five tiao; but the village elders fined him ten. Immediately afterward two heathen were caught in the same misdemeanor, and they were not fined at all.

In one village, a heathen stole twenty-five tiao from a Christian. The amount of money, the time, and the place and culprit were all known to the official; but because the robbed was a Christian, he would do nothing.

"In another village we had two families wretchedly poor, whose men needed all their time to earn food. The roads were kept up well there, because they were in German territory. The Chinese road-master so alIated the work, as to make the heads of these poverty-stricken families work greatly over time on the roads. By an equitable arrangement their share of road-taCK, worked out in time, would have been a couple of weeks. They were made to do the portion of several heathen families-who escaped with no service and were not required to pay for substitutes.

In still another village some of our members started a Christian school j the magistrate would not start an official school there, yet he fined and punished them because they started a better one than his would have been.

More serious cases frequently occur. Roughs of a certain village organized themselves into a "Rei Yie Rui" (Black Night Society) . Disfiguring and breaking the smaller idols of the village temple, they strewed them, armless, headless, around the temple yard; also threw the larger ones on their noses in the dirt. They then went to the county official and accused a fellow-villager, a Christian, of being guilty of the sacrilege. Wh~reupon the Christian who-mark it-was well-to-do, was ordered to pay all costs of the law-suit, and a fine of 500 tiao, (which probably went into the mandarin's pocket) ; he was also ordered to repair the temple, and bear the expense of bringing a troupe of travelling players to the village'.

This sort of procedure is called by the Christians "rubbing in the salt, H in referenceto an ancient custom still extant in the yamen

of not only bambooing an innocent man, but also rubbing salt into the raw and lacerated flesh.

Incidentally, the officials understand perfectly their legal right to deal with Chinese subjects'· as they please-which right they usually exercise despotically, and practically there is no appeal. Since the establishment of the Republic the Ohinese are instructed no longer to "ka tou" before a magistrate. On the 27th of October, 1913, one of our Christians was hauled on a false charge before the Oounty official, who ordered him to "ka tou." He refused. And as he stood and bowed, he said: "I prostrate myself only to Jesus Christ, My heavenly Master!" For his temerity he was imprisoned and bambooed 400 strokes.

Moreover the magistrates can now with better face than formerly resent interference from foreigriers. Such interference often results in more pressure being brought to bear upon the persecuted and those close to him. Realizing the unwisdom of meddling in yamen processes, the policy long ago adopted by Protestant missionaries-hard as it has sometimes seemed to the Christians,-has been that of concentrating their efforts on praying with and for the unfortunates, and on instructing them in the Scripture attitude, and in exhorting them to endure hardness as good soldiers of Jesus Christ.

Recently there has been much persecution by soldiers. During the Revolution the situation in Shantung Province was peculiar. Fourteen or fifteen of the provinces to the south were practically solid for the Republic. Shantung Province and those to the northward were filled wih Yuan-Shi Kai's German-trained Manchu Regulars. Not only was there little chance for the R~publicans to gain much foothold in Shantung, but the Manchu troops in small bands infested the country sides, dominating the villages and markettowns. The soldiers, in these small bands, removed from the eyes of their superiors, raided and looted and burned and raped without let or hindrance. The Christians were often the especial objects of their violence. Their voice was not to be heard, even had the authorities been willing to listen to such "trivial" matters.

. A certain general with his troops was qu~rtered in one of the walled cities of our field. I visited him and politely called his at_ tention to the fact that even our little school-boys, assuredly innocent of crime, were, at that moment, contrary to a proclamation guaranteeing religious liberty, manacled in a low, filthy den inside the yamen. He smiled incredulity. I knew, for I had earlier visited them in there. Some of their mothers were distracted with grief; sick from fear for their boys. His reply was: "We are after only the "tu fei" (ie. robbers). And all outrages, purposedly and definitely committed against Christians, as Christians, were explained away on that ground.

It was a sight to see Christians brought into and through a town tied to the tails of horses; to see a band of troopers dash up to a railway station, and on signal enter the train and haul out a man and execute him on the spot; to see headless trunks hanging outside city gates, and the heads in the moats nosed around by starving curs.

Those who read the vernacular papers in China, or are in touch with the foreign journals, cannot fail to be impressed with the con- dition of chronic anarchy and terrorism, due to organized bands of bandits, that obtains extensively in some section or another all the time in China. The names of many of these societies and bands are significant–names like "Black Tiger Society," or "Strong Ox Society"-suggesting their object which is to oppose Western learning and Christianity-all of which are rendering the classics, their use and teachings, obsolete. To this end they makl" a speciality of harrying and persecuting Christians. Many a country side has in the last year been terrorized by such proclamations as the following posted June 4, 1913. !'Black Tiger Faithful Right- eousness Society, Proclamation: .

"Because of the Government's persecution of the people this Society has twice during the last year fought against Sienyu and has won, but there is a class of people who are destroying the idols and the ancestors, and are therefore in constant opposition to our society. Our society has now collected a large number of men and will first destroy this class of people, and then will cross swords with the Government.

"Be it known to all people of this religion, that if I make a night attack anywhere, and you separate yourselves from this class of people, you will escape all injury. Stand aside and watch. If you do not do this, it will be difficult to distinguish one from the other, and all will be destroyed. I therefore issue this proclamation that all may know."

In other places, the robbers took all supplies of live stock and grain, and not only killed women and children, but took Christian men, and put them in the front line of fights, to draw the fire of soldiers; if these conscripted and unwilling fighters tried to flee, they were shot by their captors.

But there is a persecution that, in extent and sustained intensity, exceeds all the foregoing: It is the Hidden Horror of Heathenism.

It is called by the Christians "Burying alive." It refers to the treatment of Christian daughters-in-law, in the families of lieathen mothers-in-law.

A baby girl, while her parents were yet heathen, has been be- trothed into a heathen family. In the course of time her parents became Christians; she was given a chance at school, and grows up, trained and winsome, with the laudable ambition to make her own

home a real Christian home. But her parents dare not break the cont~act; and she is tied for life to a peasant boor-uneducated, unsympathetic, coarse and brutal. Until he lifts the heavy veil cloth, following the marriage ceremony, he has never seen her; possibly is considerably younger, perhaps at marriage is still a boy. For the Christian bride it is a living death-the steady, relentless pressure, glacier-like, of nagging and contumely. The young wife is supposed to have swallowed a "magic Jesus Doctrine pill," and the only way to get it out is to work it ,out. This the family set themselves, through heaping drudgery and abuse upon her, to do. All the members have a hand in the process, even the younger female relatives.

A woman, converted in one of 'the meetings I was conducting, confessed there with agonized weeping that for ten years she had made life as nearly unendurable as possible for her oldest sisterin-law, one of our best Bible-women.

A charming Yo.ung woman in one of our churches,-an unusually good teacher she was,-on her marriage was repeatedly threatened by her husband. Daily bran~i'shing a knife before her, he daily vowed that he would cut out her heart, if she did not recant. Finally, because of her religion, he divorced her-putting her into an unspeakably disgraceful and helpless condition for a woman in China; Humanly speaking, it would seem as if the lamp of faith of these girls:..-unbefriended, abused) hated,-could only feebly flicker, to be ultimately snuffed out. Few other situations so remind one of a ,doomed man, caught in quicksand and inexorably sucked down, slowly sinking out of sight-and yet these women rarely go under.

Ultimately these testimonies induce profound respect for the individuals and for their faith. Officials, though persecuting, are favorably impressed. There have been school-boys, who, alone out of many schools in their city, when parading and ordered to enter the temple of Confucius, and, along with their Government School fellows, worship the image of the Sage, refused to obey the magistrate's command. They expected to be bambooed for their courage. Instead they were presented by the magistrate whom they defied with a silken banner in tribute to their courageous adherence to convictions.

To endure persecution for righteousness ' sake and to reward good for evil, is, as a principle and as a phenomenon, strange to heathenism. And, while the heathen do not understand the reason for this' attitude, they yet respect it. It was this attitude that, during Boxer days, caused tormentors to cut out the hearts of martyrs in order to look for the secret of martyr-courage. It is that which today has caused officials to say to our Christians: "We know no Gods who are worth suffering for!" Ah, but our Christians have answered, "We know One for Whom we would gladly diel"

Coope, Sky Pilot to San BIas

BY MISS BELLE M. BRAIN, SCHENECTADY,'NEW YORK Author of "Holding The Ropes," "Love Stories of Great Missionaries," Etc, A NNACOOPE is a heroic missionary, whose dauntless courage is akin to that of Mary Slessor. She worked in obscurity until the Latin American Conference at Panama in 1916 revealed her to the Christian world. Among the San BIas Indians on an island off the coast of the Republic of Panama, "Miss Coope swept in like a sea breeze," said Robert E. Speer in quoting from one of her addresses, and James H. McLean was so impressed with what God had done through this one woman, that he appended a brief sketch of her life to his text-book, "The Living Christ in Latin America."

Anna Coope was born on May 31, 1864, at Bolton in Lancashire, England. She was the firstborn of her parents but received scant welcome because she was not a hoy! Like David Livingstone and Mary Slessor she was early put to work at the loom and like them, she had an insatiate appetite for reading and study.

She did not come from a Christian home. Her mother cared little for religion and her father, though he had been brought up by a godly mother who prayed much for her children, was bitterly opposed to Christianity. Nevertheless Anna early became a seeker after God and a worker for Him. When she definitely accepted Jesus as her Saviour, at the age of seventeen, her father frequently threatened to turn her out of doors. Many a night when she was at church he locked the door and dared her mother to open it. But the mother always crept down and let the daughter in, thereby calling down a storm of wrath upon her head. Yet the girl loved her father and prayed for him, feeling sure that some day he would be saved.

Miss Coope's interest in missions began at the age of seven or eight. On one of those rare occasions when her father reluctantly allowed her to go to Sunday-school with a little neighbor girl, she heard a lady tell about the children of India who knew nothing of Jesus and His love for little children. "Why doesn't somebody go to tell them1" she asked. "I would go jf I were big enough. When I get big I will go! "

"From that day," she says, "I was marked for a missionary to the Indians somewhere. Hencefor1;h that was my star, my *Anna Coope; Sky Pilot of the San BIas Indians. An autobiography. With map and illustrations from the author's photographs. 12mo, cloth. 180 pages. $1.25 net. American Tract Society, New York.

281

goal. " This purpose was further developed by a little magazine, "The Life and Explorations of David Livingstone," to which her father subscribed later on. "He read it because he was interest- ed in the exploration scheme," she says. "But I read it because David Livingstone preached .Jesus to the poor Africans. What did I care about the source of the Nile T I wanted to find the source of salvation! Livingstone became my hero and I deter- mined that I would be a missionary after I had fonnd out how I could myself be saved."

The purpose to be a missionary, however, did not come to full fruition until after she had removed to America with her parents and was settled in the little town of Edgewood, Rhode Island. Here in a small Adventist church where she had found spiritual food and fellowship, she heard missionaries returning from the W!Olst Indies speak from time to time. They invariably spoke of the great need of more workers and this at last proved to be her call.

These missionarips had gone out on the faith plan without salaries guaranteed by a Board and she had read the lif~ of George Miiller of Bristol and had been depply impresspd by it. So she decided to be a faith missionary and trust God for sup- port. Accordingly, after waiting patiently upon God to know His will in the matter, she announced in church one evening that she felt called to be a missionary to the West Indies and was going by the first boat she could catch' She had no idea what this would cost, nor d;d she stop to inquire. When ask(ld where the money was coming from she simply answered, "From God. He has called me to go and will pay all expenses."

The very next Sunday a working girl of the church put five dollars into her hand saying that she wished to share in the blessing. And that same day at the evening service, one of the deacons announced that he would be responsible for "our sister Anna's expenses to the West Indies."

Thus it has been ever since. Every need has been -met, every want supplied as promptly as in the days of the prophets and the apostles. Never once has God failed her. "I do not talk about my needs," she says "I never need to. I am to be about my Father's business and He Himself takes care of me. 'I'm the child of a King' and no bpggar. My Father can speak for me better than I can for -myself, so I always let Him do it."

On October 2, 1897, she sailed from New York with a party of missionaries bound for the West Indies and stopped with them at various islands holding meetings and distributing tracts. At a conference of workers held in the Barbadoes in January, 1898, she heard a young woman from Bolivar, Venezuela, tell of a tribe of degraded Indians on the banks of the Orinoco who had no mis-

ANNA COOPE, SKY PILOT TO SAN BLAS INDIANS

sionary and wanted one. This appealed to her, and after waiting upon God, she decided to go there. But the way did not open at once and in the summer of 1900 she was called home by the ser- ious illness of her mother.

She found her mother nigh unto death and still without hope in Christ Jesus. It seemed too late, but Anna Coope prayed to God pleadeq. with her mother, and two weeks later she accepted salvation through Jesus. It was a time of rejoicing, and during the three weeKs that the mother still tarried on earth, she preached Christ to all who came to her bedside..

Her death laid upon Anna Coope a new duty-the care of her father who was now past seventy. For six years they lived comfortably together in their little home, she taking up her old trade of weaving linen to pay expenses. The old man was as bitter as ever against religion, until he was laid low by a paralytic stroke. Then one morning before daybreak, he suddenly said, "Anna, get your Bible and teach me the way to heaven!" Gladly ~he did so and within an hour this hardened old sinner of seventy- eight had accepted Christ as his Saviour. Thus were answered the many prayers, not only of his daughter, but of his godly old mother as well.

Though it was only four 0 'clock in the morning, the daughter, in a wild delirium of joy. at once sat down to write the news to her friends, among them a preacher in the West Indies who had insisted that she ought to put her father in a home for the aged and l"eturn to her work. "I told him," she says, "that though this man was my father, I knew he was a great sinner, and that I felt that God had given me this heathen at home to convert before I could go to the Indians; and that if I wanted God's blessing I must do the duty that lay right before me."

At eight that same morning, the old man began to preach Christ to his nearest neighbor, and during the nine days of life that remained, he lost no opportunity of telling how Jesus had saved him.

His death left his daughter free to go in search of the In- dians on the Orinoco and within a month she had sold the little home and all its contents. Part of the proceeds she sent to India and Japan to work where she could not go in person. Then in November, 1907, she sailed again for the West Indies. The way was blocked to Venezuela, but hearing through a colporteur of a chief on the Orinoco who had bOllght a Spanish Bible and wanted 11. teacher she was the more determined to go. Presently the way cleared and accompanied by three colored girls, she began the long-talked of journey. .

The voyage up the river proved perilous and trying. But her courage did not fail. God had said l{ Go," and she went trusting

Him to take care of her. As she went she preached Christ, rarely to crowds but constantly to individuals-rough boatman, Spanish traders under the influence of liquor, and heathen Indians who had never even heard the name of Jesus. And, unpromising though the material seemed, God gave her souls for her hire.

But her faith and courage were often tested. One night when obliged to sleep on the sandy bank of the river, she was awakened by the excited twittering of the birds in the bushes nearby. Almost immediately a great black and yellow snake came gliding by. It was quickly dispatched by one of the boatmen, but her terrified girls insisted that its mate would soon come in search of it. "What if it does?" she cried. "The birds will notify us. God has ,evidently set special guardians around us."

Another night when she was preparing to sleep in an uninhabited adobe house, she found that the palm-thatched roof was alive with spiders, bats and whip-snakes! At first she hesitated, but being assured that these things were not dangerous, she spread her cot and slept all night without harm.

No:r was she afraid of savage men. One mght when she had played on her little folding organ and sung until she was hoarse for a fascinated crowd of some 150 wild Indians who would not go home, she lay down on her cot without undressing and was soon fast asleep. Opening herey;es at daybreak she found them still there, as motionless as wooden images! They had been there all night and her girls had not slept at all fearing lest they kill her and scalp them.

"Where is your faith?" she cried. "We are on business for the King and has He not promised to take care of us 7 Don't you see how He has guarded us every step of the way? He has protected us from snakes and all things hurtful and now has let these men stand guard over us all night to protect us from we know not what danger."

At the village of San Isidro she found the tribe she was seeking. They welcomed her kindly, but the chief was very ill and told her she had come too late. He was apparently dying and she was overcome with grief. But a great wave of faith filled her heart and she besought God to let the chief live in order that his soul might be saved. Almost immediately he began to improve. A few days later he came to see her in her tent and that same day accepted Jesus as his Saviour. But, alas! after four months' consistent living, he "went to be with Jesus" and her work there was brought to a close. According to the custom of the Indians, they burned many of their huts and went to the mountains where they would remain scattered until a new chief was appointed. She begged to go with them, but they were not willing. But they

191'9] CHRISTMAS IN THE SLUMS OF TOKYO

thanked her. for coming to tell them of Jesus and promised not to forget.

From Isidro Miss Coope Wlent to Bolivar City where she found a package of mail. Through a clipping in one of the letters she was led to go to Colon in the Republic of Panama where she heard of a group of San Blas Indians who were asking for a woman missionary to teach them. This proved to be her call to permanent work, and after some delay she went to settle among them.

Alone and unaided she entered upon the work of transforming a tribe of some 800 Redmen among whom the forces of Rome and rum had been working ruin. There was much opposition at first and the story of her adventures in the launch in which she made her first trip to her field is one of the most exciting in the literature of missions. More than once her life was in danger, but through God she won the day. By and by the opposition ceased and she was left sole master of the field. She has really done a great work for these Indians. Though she is preeminently a soul winner, she is not unmindful of the material needs of her people.

"They tell me," she said at the Latin American Conference, "that I have no results because I am working for the souls of these Indians-no economic and social results. But when I came to my island there were no roads, only paths where the Indians walked duck fashion. Now there are wide roads crossing the island in both directions where they can walk twelve men abreast. Then there were eight saloons, now there are none."

Her autobiography is a gold mine of stories. Among them is that famous one that has been going the rounds of the religious press (without giving her name or station) of the parrot that came to school and learned to sing "Onward, Christian Soldiers" so quickly that it helped to spur the children on.

Christmas in the Slums of Tokyo BY REV. WILLIAM J. HUTCHINS Professor Hutchins is giving Bible addresses in China and India while on a tour of the mission fields of Asia with Dr. George Sherwood Eddy.

-Editor.

W E t:eached the Japanese capital on Christmas afternoon. Merle Davis, the honorary secretary· of the Y. M. C. A., guided us in an automobile through miles of muddy streets. The cold penetrated our heaviest winter clothing, and yet the shops were almost all opened to. the weather. The merchants crouched over their hibachis, or charcoal braziers, try-

ing to keep warm. Boys and women with feet absolutely bare walked .on their clogs, pitiably uncomfortable. We stopped at a charming little street of toy shops which served as the approach to the great temple of the goddess Kwannon. As we passed under the temple gate-way, we came into the more sacred enclosure, in which all day long merchants and money changers, sellers of pigeons and of little images of the goddess ply their trade. The temple, alas, was closed for the day, so that we did not see the image, whose body has been largely rubbed away by devotees who have touched that portion of the body which in them is suffering pain.

We were then driven to a slum which few foreigners ever see. The main streets were wide, there were no sidewalks, and the mud flowed right up to the little open shops. Leaving our car, we struck into a lane perhaps six feet wide-one mass of sloppy mud, in which one's rubbers slipp'ed off, failing (as Christian Science fails) just at the crisis when needed. Here and there were dim lights, by which we worked our way into a still narrower lane, and struck a section than which there is nothing more deplorable in Tokyo. On both sides of a muddy path were tenements, each consisting of one room, separated from each other by paper, walled in front and back by paper panels. Each room was six by nine feet. Beneath was stenchful water. Here was a middle aged man, lying under a blanket, while his boy, getting under the blanket at the man's feet, crouched over for warmth. In another room sitting over the brazier, which smoked horribly, were a man and woman, and a baby crying quietly. Next was a room of the same size, in which an old man, with long gray ,beard, sat like a Buddha. He was blind. His wife met us with a bow to the ground, and with a gracious smile which would have befitted a queen. There was a little baby in a box, a god-shelf above the door. These people have two children at work, who return to sleep in . the same pitiable little room. Davis reminded the woman that it was Christmas, and gave her a little present, and the gentle grace with which she received it broke one's heart. It is now some 1900 years ago that the mother of our Lord suffered for such women. Above· one of the worst of these houses was a tiny roof garden, a last pathetic struggle for the beauty of the world.

We passed through a covered way, on the one side a cesspool and toilet, on the other side the communal kitchen. In wet weather the sewage drifts into the kitchen. We were now in a tunnel tenement. On either side of a roofed lane were tiny rooms. In one of these rooms, kept with exquisite care, were a father and

HOW TURKS CONDUCT AN

mother, one half blind child and several other children. Everywhere Davis was greeted with rare and beautiful courtesy, which his own kind heart well deserved. Fifteen thousand people in Tokyo, we were told, live in misery like this.

We then were driven to a slum of a better sort. This was the lodging house section for the factory workers. We looked down street after street, lined with houses, in each of which we could see stall-like rooms, in which from one to six workmen would lodge. Many of these "hands" come from the country, spend a couple of years in the city, and often return to the country, demoralized and physically ruined. In all this worst section, with its nearly a million people, there is, up to date, no resident missionary.

It was good to get back to a Christian home that night, to see the children about the Christmas tree, and to know that one day a Christian Christmas might come to this, the greatest city of Asia.

How Turks Conduct an Orphanage 'ANTOURA: THE SHELTER OF A THOUSAND TRAGEDIES BY MAJOR STEPHEN TROWBRIDGE American Red Cross Commission to Syria and Palestine I T may surprise many to know that the Turks conducted an or- phanage for Armenian and Kurdish children during the war. In the village of 'Antoura, in a beautiful valley of the Lebanon, twelve miles north of Beirut, an officially appointed Commission of the Young Turks gathered during the second and third years of the war nearly two thousand Armenian and Kurdish orphans. But what a vast difference there was between this institution and those conducted under Christian auspices. The commission subjected the children to a rigid system of training in the Turkish language, Turkish history, and the Mohammedan religion. Every vestige and as far as possible every memory, of the children's religious and racial inheritance was done away with. Turkish names were assigned and the children were compelled to undergo the rites prescribed by Islamic law and tradition. The girls were being trained in "Ottoman Kultur" in preparation for the harems of Turkish officers and notables. The boys were bea.ng trained as servants in the Army or Government.

Not a word of Armenian or Kurdish was allowed to be spoken by the children. Turkish ideas and customs were impressed upon the lives of the children, and they were taught the reasons contributing to the glory of Ottoman arms and the prestige of the Turkish race. Whenever a German or Turkish officer visited the orphanage the children must form a hollow square and shout: "Long

life to our King! (the Sultan) Long life to Germany!" The children were drilled in the genuflections and formulas of Moslem prayer and in the creed: "There is no God but .Allah, and Mohammed is his prophet." The little crosses which many of the Armenian children wore at their necks were destroyed.

The building chosen by the Commission was the large Boys' Sohool of the Lazarist Fathers in 'Antoura. Army officers were detailed to go to the concentration camps north and south of Damascus to select the children. I…outfi Bey was appointed director, and Khalideh Khanum of Constantinople, a lady of remarkable literary ability, furnished the teaching staff from her private school in Beirut, and Djemal Pasha delighted in having their photographs taken on the steps of the orphanage, surrounded lY the employed staff, as the.leaders of Ottoman modernism.

At the 'Antoura orphanage, on October 17th and 18th, 1918, nine days after the Franco-British occupation of Beirut, nearly two thousand ohildren had decreased until there were only six hundred and sixty-nine orphans left-151 girls and 489 boys-Armenians and Kurds, beside 29 Syrians. All the rest of the two thousand had died during the .past three years.

Beirut and the Lebanon are now under a kindly and equitable French administration. The Military Governor has authorized Professor Stewart Crawfo'rd of the faculty of the Syrian Protestant College to become the director of the 'Antoura Orphanage. The boys and girls will be cared for in separate buildings and useful industries and educational classes will be organized. The children will be put upon their honor and gradually a plan of self-government will be worked out. They are already learning what American justice means. They have found out to their delight that Prof. Crawford is the best friend they have ever had.

This brief sketch gives only a very imperfect glimpse of the throbbing human need in these 669 lives. For the love of God shall we not share with these children the best things we have, shall not the Red Cross make the orphanage of a thousand tragedies into a home of ten thousand blessings' For the old people who have survived the wilderness marches we can do little. They instinctively brood over the past. But for these young lives there is aspiration and hope and energy. It is not too late to re-create by months of patient effort the childlike trustfulness which has been so rudely broken. Only the Great Shepherd Himself can measure to the full the value of these lives. Laying His hands upon them in benediction, He will call the children by their true names. For He knoweth them, every one.

and Religion "Over There"

BY PHILIP E. HOWARD, PHILADELPHIA President of The Sunday School Times Company I NTO what religious and moral conditions have our American soldier boys been projected in Great Britain and France? In the closing year of the war at any time about a hundred thou- sand Americans might have been found in the British Isles, in addition to the vast numbers in lhance. What may American churches learn from the British and French experiences of these critical years, so that the future may be marked by a more adequate provision for spiritual life and service?

On a tour among the British churches last year, I found everywhere large ~ngregations,-large by any standard in peace or war time. Nearly every one of the few men in the congregation were in uniform. The general withdrawal of men from the churchert has broken into institutional work everywhere, and to an unwontea degree women have been placed in executive positions in church work. The available men, too, have had very heavy additional demands upon their time· and strength, over and above the sharp pressure of the competition that belongs to normal life there. Through sheer weariness both men and women have been unable to do all they might wish in church work. Some are just managing to "carryon," with a nervous breakdown impending,-a very common condition at this moment among even these sturdy British Christian workers.

The problems of the war, political and material, have been so stupendous that one finds most men preoccupied with such questions. It has been difficult to steer conversation away from politics and war, to the inner concerns of the spiritual life of the churches. Few conversations turned in that direction naturally, even though it -was known that the group of men in our party represented the American religious press. Without very special inquiry, we should have heard little about the life of the churches, and often it required a distinct effort, ev,en with clergymen, to hold the conversation to inquiries affecting spiritual things. When interviews were especially arranged to discuss the subject, we heard in the fullest, most explicit ways, the experiences and views of British church leadership, but on other occasions political questions were more absorbing than any other.

The war has lowered moral standards. You cannot touch the sexual vice question in conversation with any well informed person ., in England or Scotland, or France without making that discovery.

Not only is there little evidence of effective civic restriction of the social evil, but there are not the effective efforts in widespread evangelism which might reach thousands. The awful pathos of the whole pitiful vice business is a heartbreaking burden to many British and French evangelical leaders, and the physical and spiritual sacrifice of manhood and womanhood goes on. One wonders why large and decisive measures are not taken to evangelize the most needy neighborhoods and why there is not a more effective government restriction of vice. The harvest will surely be a bitter harvest, if present conditions are allowed to prevail.

One British editor expressed the opinion that we are suffering from an infection throughout the world,-the spread of spiritual anarchism. We know enough of the popularity of false religions in America to keep us very humble about our individual and corporate achievements in matters religious. Nowhere have I seen greater devoutness in worship, more serene bearing of keenest sorrow, or more intensity of individual spiritual service than in England and Scotland.

In many of the camps abroad the progress of religious work has not been adequately carried out by workers who gave it only a decidedly secondary place, while the boys themselves were receptive to straight Gospel talks and personal evangelism. Some men have however done extensive evangelistic work in spite of every hindrance, and have been greatly used in the saving of thousands.

The soldiers have not been dodging the Gospel. Some of these fellows who were facing death were disappointed when they did not hear what they most needed. We are thankful for the thousands who have been told in hut and camp and dug-out, and on ships at sea, how they may be ready to meet God face to face and live.

What will the American churches give these boys who have been up the line and are coming back home T The French Protestant churches have been hard hit by the war. Many church buildings have been destroyed or damaged. A distinguished army chaplain in the French forces to)d me that the moral tone of the soldiers had been lowered, while a Protestant pastor set forth with great fulness the need of fundamental Bible teaching in France. The encroachments of a Germanized theology long ago began their undermining work among the Fren~h theological students and the results now appear in the lack of spiritual vitality in many churches. This Protestant pastor urged for France a type of Bible Institute where fundamental Bible truth is taught, such as is found in various parts of America, and where the simple principles of Christian work are made the foundation for training in. church activities. French Protestantism needs much material help in the reconstruction of its church

WAR AND RELIGION OVER THERE . Z91

edifices, an,d in strengthening the hands of the courageous evangelical leaders in planning strong evangelistic and Bible study movements throughout the field. It is a glorious testimony to the missionary spirit of these French churches that their offerings for missions have suffered but very little during the war,-only a sixth or seventh less than the pre-war income,-in spite of the fact that so many of the parishes have been impoverished or destroyed. The evangelical pastors constitute a brave band of workers, serving in the midst of much indifference, and with only about a half-million adherents in a population of some forty-five millions. I was assured that the number of French Protestants in important posts of government service is much larger than the disproportionate size of the evangelical denominations would lead one to expect.

Two thousand American soldiers were on the ship on which I returned to America. Nearly a third were sick and wounded, limping about the decks on crutches, or lying helpless in steerage bunks. They were nevertheless a cheerful, brave crowd, and responsive to the straight Truth! Are we going to modify our Gospel, to suit what is reponed to be their desire for a message, or a church, different from the Scriptural standard T That will mean their disappointment if we do, and our lost opportunity. American churches will make a great mistake if they suppose that these returning boys want trivialities. They have been in dark places, and want light and good cheer, but they need and they welcome the glowing realities of the GospeL While the "Cedric" was swinging westward in a following wind and sea in mid-Atlantic I talked with boy after boy, in the forward hospital, stowed away in rough bunks in tiers of three, in dimlylighted quarters, with their cheery faces and maimed bodies. Leaning down in the semi-darkness I asked one lad if he had a copy of the New Testament. His eyes brightened, "Yes, sir, I have," he replied. "I brought it from home with me, and I read it clear through twice in the hospital." Others gladly received Testaments.

One tall smiling boy on crutches in answer to a question responded eagerly, "Yes Sir, I am a Christian, I started out from home that way, and I've remained that way, too!"

It means something to remain so, after the fierce testings of every sort through which these boys have passed.

I have yet to meet one man who has been at· the front who claims that the soldiers there are in sympathy with the preaching of salvation by their own blood, as a substitute for the blood of Christ. No church in England or France or America that is aware of the true needs of these men, will run saps and plant mines under the truths which form the ve-ry foundation and strongholds of the Church, but each must do all that may be done to make sure that these are held inviolate.

BY MRS. B. C.CRONK, RICHMOND

Chairman of the Committee on Methods of' Work of the Federation of Woman's Foreign IMission Boards THE ART OF SECURING AN AUDIENCE THE tragedy of the empty pew is how to inject into an invitation ever with us. There is no ab- which makes people want to go. sent treatment which avails for the Whatever the former is let us people who were not there. There- avoid it. Whatever the latter is let fore, as much responsibility rests on us acquire it. Verily, the art of the announcer and the notice-writer those whose duty it is to get the and the invitation-extended is no people to the meeting as on the mean art, but one that sadly lacks speakers who are to deliver to them cultivation. There are many volthe message. . umes published on how to speak ef- fectively, but few publications are A turnkey job in a mIssionary there on how to announce and invite meeting includes not only a good effectively, yet of what. use is a program, but also a good attend- speaker's eloquence if hearers are ance. Given a program that is lacking? worth while, the next step is to let people know about it by such effec- tive notices, announcements and in- The Personal Invitation vitations as will put an end to the tragedy of the empty pew. . No amount of general pUblicity One day I attended two morning and printer's ink can take the place meetings, at both of which an invita- of the individual invitation to in- tion to an afternoon meeting was dividuals. The Master's Kingdom given. As the first speaker made had its beginnings in personal invita- his announcement and extended his tions. One man found another and invitation I was conscious of a told him about the Messiah and weary, conscience-stricken feeling brought him to Jesus. The Samari- that I ought to go and of a martyr tan woman went back from the resolve to do my duty at any cost. meeting at the well into the city When the second speaker made his with a personal story about what announcement and extended his in- she herself had seen and heard, and vitation a wave· of regret swept over a personal invitation to others to me that I had already promised my- "Come, see." One of the best of all self to accept that other invitation, ways of increasing attendance at for here, indeed, was a meeting missionary meetings is for those worth while which I eagerly longed present to go out to enlist others to attend. Suddenly I realized that by personal invitation. At one meet- the two invitations were to the same ing only two persons were present.

meeting and I vaguely wondered why They did not postpone or adjourn.

there are people in the world who They met. When the meeting was issue invitations in such a way that over each went out to tell what a nothing save a stern sense of duty good meeting they had had and to could possibly induce the recipients invite more people to join them at thereof to accept them and, also, the next meeting. Before many what the indefinable something is months those meetings regularly had which some people seem to know a large attendance.

Z92

BEST METHODS

Living Tickets of Admission someone of the importance of attend- ing a meeting? Set for him the per- The "Bring One" plan is good. A suading of some one else. Ask every personal invitation to the May meet- member to phone three or four other ing given by each one who attended members, or possible members, from the April meeting means a double lists that have been carefully and attendance for May and a quad- tactfully and unnoticeably dis- rupled attendance for June. Try the tributed. plan of requiring "Living Tickets" at some meeting-the ticket which Three Methods Fill an Auditorium will admit each member being someone who is not a member. At a Several thousand people were asmeeting for men and boys make the sembled in an auditorium recently ticket which will admit a man, a in a meeting held under the auspices boy. Increase the attendance of a of the Laymen's Missionary Move- "Fathers and Sons" meeting by re- ment. quiring every father to have a son of his own, or a son borrowed for "How did you get such an atthe occasion, with him, and every tendance?" inquired some one who son to present at the door a father, had been to many meetings charreal or adopted. Similar ticket regu- acterized by fine addresses and lations for a meeting for women and empty pews. girls, or mothers and daughters, may induce a lively search for accredited "Humanly speaking," answered the tickets. secretary, "by three things. First, an announcement of the meeting In planning regular meetings, go sent -to every pastor in the city ::;ver the list of people whose attend- to be given from his pulpit. Seconcj, ance might be secured and divide the a paid advertisement inserted three names between members who will times in the city papers. Third, invite them most successfully. As- skillful publicity in the news colsign to each member at least one umns of these papers. We had a person whom she is to invite person- good story of the local committee ally to the meeting. which planned the meeting with an advance announcement several weeks Remember that the telephone is a before the date. Then, for about a registered missionary tool. Give to week, we had something every day various members a telephone "Call- which the papers counted "live ing List." Recently an important stuff"-pictures of the speakers; committee meeting of men was stories of their work, with a keen called. The chairman knew that human interest; reports of the sucevery man on the committee was cess of meetings in other cities along literally swamped with work and their way as they were coming to calls for more work, and that he us." simply could not persuade them that they could take time to attend that Unquestionably, one of the best committee meeting. So, he phoned notice-givers and invitation-extenders each man on the committee and in- is the daily press, and a good sign of stead of urging him to be present the times is the number of missionhe assigned to him the task of call- ary meetings one sees announced ing up three other men and convinc- in the papers. In addition to the ing them they must be present. Re- simple notices which should appear sult: each man in phoning his three in the Coming Events Calendar, or brought conviction to himself, and in its equivalent in the daily or weekly the busiest of war days that entire papers, it is well worth while to committee of bankers, business and provide special announcements of professional men walked in without special features cleverly written. Get one absentee. Would you persuade hold of writers who know how to prepare the copy for such stories,

so that the papers will print them eluding committee meetings and and the people will read them. meetings of sub-committees, from Recently a city editor hurriedly the pulpit. A once-in-a-while an- scanned with growing surprise the nouncement may gain emphasis if it story of a missionary meeting is not crowded into such a succession handed him for publication. of announcements that none of them "Publish it ?" he said in answer attract attention.

to the query of the minister who Here are some first aid sugges- handed it to him, "Well, I should tions which may relieve the pastor say so. We are used to paying of some of the long strings of things for the privilege of publishing that to be announced, and which may class of stuff." also make a more lasting impres- There was nothing sensational or sion than a vetbal announcement: overdrawn about it. Only some big Notices printed in the weekly facts skillfully presented. church bulletins.

That meeting was well attended Special cards of invitation to and the lives of many people were special meetings handed to the out- influenced by the great addresses of going congregation by the ushers.

the speakers of whom many of the Posters announcing special events people would not have known had it flung in the vestibule, church parlors, not been for this good bit of public- and other assembly rooms.

ity. UNUSUAL MEETINGS On the other hand, another meet- One day the young daughter of ing was held at which there was a preacher scanned with some disbut a handful of people. The news- favor the stereotyped announcement paper announcement was less than in her father's chu~ch bulletin, "On six lines, although there were .inter- Thursday at 3 :30 the usual meeting esting facts enough to have furnished of the Missionary Society." Then material for a full column in the she bravely dared to change the anhands of a writer of even small skill. nouncement to read: Often an interview with a missionary speaker can be arranged for a "On Thursday at 3 :30 the unusual reporter, which will arouse interest meeting of the Missionary Society," and give general information, for which the public has an unrecog- Ever since that day Margaret Apnized need. Recently a leading daily plegarth has been planning unusual gave nearly two columns to a mis- meetings and enlisting the unenlisted, sionary's interpretation of conditions interesting the uninterested, and in the Near East because of good teaching missionary lessons in an unpUblicity work behind the meetings usually fascinating way.

In this "Pod of Ps" she gives us at which he was to speak. some of her secrets.

We sometimes have in missionary Shelling a Pod of Missionary "P"s! meetings what the papers would call By MARGAR£T T. ApPL£GARTH a "scoop," and no one hears a word about it. If we rightly appreciated the psy- "Once a Preacher-Now a Bulletin chology of Paper, Pasteboard, Board" Paint, Paste, Posters, Postals, Save your Pastor from such a Fate Printed notices, Poetry and Pleasure, our missionary meetings would be There are so many notices handed better attended! The trouble is that to pastors that no wonder some so few of us ever travel through the preachers feel that they ire degener- pod to the last P, which actually ating into mere bulletin boards. ought to come first. The question Let us not expect our pastors to in our societies is: who will make announce every coming ~vent. in- the posters and postals?

BEST

" ~ APRI L In APTLL t~eTe ll1a~ be a ~"o"'t..,.., ].-1; ~et you-r urn b..-ella and ,-om. for a~ ~ ow,!..

"Not I!" says Miss WorksaUday j The eight other Ps are simpler. "Nor I I" says Mrs. I'mallthumbs j In buying paper or pasteboard choose "Nor I!" sighs Mrs. Babytakesallmy- lively colors rather than white, and time ; "Nor I!" giggles Miss Gads- right here let me offer an invaluabouttoteasandthings j "Surely not able suggestion: Did you know that I I" gasps Mrs. Makestheprograms- every year your church printer gives go; etc., etc. Nobody regards the to the ragman barrel after barrel of enterprise as pleasurable, and yet paper ends-de1ectahle colors in long invitations can be considered in the narrow strips, just the thing for wee same light as "fancy work," for in- invitations? A word to the wise! stance: something to be picked up Pasteboard for posters is inexpenin odd moments when there is "just sive-S or 10 cents a sheet, one sheet time to finish five more little cards" j being large enough to make at least they are no harder than tatting or two posters. Here again, colors atcrocheting, and exhibit infinitely tract the eye much sooner than palmore individuality. lid white. Curiously enough, paste is not nearly as much of a sticker to Try tucking a batch of colored pa- the poster-maker, as paint! Yet a pers, a pattern, a pair of scissors and little touch of color adds enora paint box into an attractive work- mously, and a little verse of jingle bag when you start to an afternoon poetry completes the effect. sewing party. Everyone will be agog with curiositv: "What are those Here are two suggestions for getcunning things? Party favors"? "What? Missionary invitations-oh, ting the posters made: get a Junior my dear, surely not, why, they're or Intermediate Sunday-school class charming!" "You must have a won- to adopt your society! At one of derful society, tell us about it!" "I their social events, which are oiten have some extra scissors, why can't such a problem for the teacher to 1 help cut some out?" "1 used to "pull off," divide the class into as love to paint, and 1 see you have two many group~ as you have posterless brushes-" (four or five, if you are meetings, and let each group be rewise!) and the pleasure end of your sponsible for the making, exhibitin~, pod of ps is shelled! and distribution of posters and inVI- tations on its specified month.

Rivalry can be maintained by each of the chairs but one! Tiny paper group keeping a record of the at- hymn-books pasted from hand to tendance < at "its" meeting, your so- hand of near neighbors adds an al- luring touch. The couplet is printed ciety giving a special party to the beneath the chairs. winners at the end of the year. This will do double duty, by training 3. When a special country is to be up a band of capable poster-makers! studied a train of toy cars can be But the same plan may be adapted tied to the lower edge of a poster, to the members of your own so- with billows of gray smoke belching ciety, all of whom should < be in- from the tiny engine. In the trail of smoke the printed words should apvited to a mysterious social: pear: "All aboard for Mexico!" (or whatever the land may be.) Date "'A study in Colors: by your leave, and place should be added, with the Will interest you Friday, we believe! names of the conductor, motorman Your fountain pen should be on hand, and guide. And a pair of scissors will be in de- 5. Individual invitations to a mand." meeting on Mexico may be small sombrero-shaped pieces of light On the eventful evening divide brown cardboard, with a red band people into groups, each group re- painted around the crown. On the sponsible for posters and invitations back: for their month. A clever idea is to have a large cardboard pale:tte "This little sombrero invites you to go (with the colors separate dishes of With us next Friday to Mexico." candy) in the center of which is 6. A poster for a meeting on the printed: American Indians may be a green background with some cone-shaped "Little drops of water, little dallbs of tepees, cut from light brown card- board, pasted in a row across the paint top, with footprints leading to one Make a poster int'resting to sinner and tepee. Below: footprints pointing toward a wig,,""{m are an invitation to saintl ' saying COME to our Indian Pow- Little deeds of handing invitations say- wow." If the meeting is to be held at a private home, the number of the ing 'Come' house may be put on the tepee flap. These tepee flaps may be painted in Make missionary meetinl!"s like a bee- gay reds, blues, yellows and greens, with black outlines to make them hive hum! show to advantage.

Whenever discouragement is in 7. Individual invitations to an Inevidence, the palette and its contents, dian meeting may be smaller tepees, plus the hopeful jingle, may enliven made by folding a piece of oblong tan cardbord tent fashion. the artists! Here are some practical sugges- . Touches of color on the flaps add to the attractiveness. If this is a tions easily carried out: Junior society the foHowing invita- 1. On a colored invitation card a tion may be written inside the tepee: picture of an empty chair should be pasted, or drawn, with this couplet beneath: "If you aren't there There'll be a vacant chair."

on (Date) …………………… .

(PIlICe) ………………….. .

2. The same couplet can be amusingly worked out for a poster, by tying a row of tiny toy chairs ( 10 cents a set at ten cent stores) across the top of a poster. Hatted ladies may be cut from a colored page of a fashion magazine, bent in the proper places, and pasted on all

l3EST

"Indian Pow Wow' 10. When Immigration is the pro- "Each squaw and each brave is requested gram subject it may be re-named: "God's Melting Pot," and 'the poster to walk show a large black pot with a cir- To our Pow wow next Friday to hear cular handle overhead, and tripod legs. Above the pot appears the some big talk." title; below, the words: For an older society this may be "Aren't y-ou curious to know what adapted to suit circumstances. We're going to cook in this black pot?"

8. For a meeting on American on Negroes in the cotton belt this poster (Date) …………………..•• on "Cottontails and other Tales" will (Place) ……………….•..•• be alluring: A gray rabbit (with a cute tail of cotton batting pasted in 11. A meeting on Africa may be the proper place) to head a yellow called "The Black Question Mark," a poster; under the rabbit, the couplet: poster for which should show a large black silhouette map of Africa, with "Brer Rabbit and Molly Cottontail the title above the map; below: Hope to meet you without fail" on "You surely can see that this land so dark (Dau) …………………… . Resembles a gigantic question ma,.k; (Place) …………………..• It's like to an ea,.-Iistening-sad- Waiting to hear some message glad." 9. If a program on the Highlanders is called "Our National Shut-Ins," 12. A program on Korea may be then try having a shoe-box attrac- called "A Bone of Contention," retively wrapped up, with the neatest ferring to her geographical position side turned outward, bearing the title and its historical outcome. Use and the words: good-sized pictures of two dogs ("His Master's Voice !") each eyeing "Shut in this box is a national sight a bone dangling between them. This Which on Friday we hope to bring to may be a real bone, or one cut from cardboard, tan-colored. In either light." case print "Korea" on it, and label one dog "China," the other "Japan." When "Friday" arrives the box Above the dogs print the title: "A should be opened and the contents Bone of Contention," underneath: discussed: home-made candles, homemade soap, home-spun cloth, home- "On Friday 'twill be shown smoked ham, pictures of Abraham Which doggie got the bone I" Lincoln, log cabins, beautiful mountains, mountaineer people, etc.

13. For Medical Missions, try a blue poster with a picture of a Red Cross nurse holding a real glass homeopathic pill bottle, full of candy pills, in each hand-tied on, of course. Each bottle should bear a label, one prescription reading: "For the Orient;" the other: "For the qc- cident." The couplet below the pic- ture states: 'lilI "She holds the pills For human ills." ,If, 4 J'IU"~l tnt. Let's jI:l'ct~e.J"1'l"ul:'iln.s' follow her career ., intti,r,riallu'fJC~af'( "Over There." (Date) •.•..•••••••••••••••••••• IIllmfiill.r·IIt-thl[;ll1l:HU (Place) ………………….•• ;,rflu-d?,."lo 14. For individual invitations to a t:r:l'~d,,saJldhJII}.ttv~$til'l!

medical missionary meeting it is FIGURE ~. simple to use little oblongs of colored paper folded into homeopathic pow- "Maid-of-all-work," with chapters ders. Before folding write the invi- re-titled : (1) "Home-maid," (2) tation inside. "Ready-maid," (3) "Custom-maid" (4) "Hand-maid," (5) "Maid-of- 15. A meeting on Japan may be honor" and (6) "School-maid." attractively announced by cutting Both poster and invitations for three pieces of differently colored "Home-maid" used the Chinese cardboard into lantern shapt';s. Paint house of figure 4, with the jingle: the supposedly lacquer parts in black, and divide the quaint title "Jap-o- Lantern" into its three parts, printing one part on each lantern, in type as Japanesy as possible! Each lantern should also bear a few details as to date, place and other particulars.

16. A meeting on China suggests FI ~URl= :, so many designs one hardly knows where to begin or stop! Houses, Maid-of-all Work is a little Home Maid, pagodas and people offer very allur- (Although she would faint if her wages ing shapes, both for posters and invitations. Little colored lanterns, were paid); with a string through the black lac- You'll find her quite quaint and exquer, may be used as invitation tags, ceedingly dear, and be looped to buttons in Sunday- If you'll come here next Friday to welschool. A program· on the people of China might be called: "Chinese come her here. Tails and Other Tales" (see figure 3 for poster design to be used on yel- (Date) …………………..•. low cardboard. Or try a row of fig- (Place) ..•……..•.••••….••• ures, each a different color.) A program on Chinese customs might be called: "Won't You Come Into My Parlor ?" See figure 4, showing a poster of a house cut from red cardboard, with a green doorway bearing the invitation. The roof is left red, the house part painted black.) 17. A set of six programs on this year's study book "Women Workers of the Orient" has been re-named

1919J BEST

18. The fourth program, "Hand- School-Maid is our brigbtest maid, maid," used for a poster two brown To whom great compliments are paid. cardboard hands (outlined from real She knows Geography, Arithmetic, Boob, hands) mounted on green cardboard, She even knows queer curves and books, and as invitations, brown card- Greek to us. but clear to her, board hands, with the jingle: This clever little Foreigner.

Ten small fingers has each Hand-Maid (Datil) ………………….. .. To carve her future unafraid I (Place) …………………. .. Although her job is still so new, She's doing quite as well as you. 20. A clever girl's poster for a Rally shows sunbonnet babies of (Date) ………………….. .. graded sizes wending their way to- (Place) ………………….. . ward a church, with the couplet: 19. For the sixth program, "School "Big girls, and Little girls, girls of Every Maid," the poster showed a sweet girl graduate carrying a diploma. size, (For this, any girl in white with the Come to our Rally if you are wise I" two sides of her dress painted black, and a black triangle on her head, is • Note: Before cuttinl' out lantern llouse or successfully camouflaged into a grad- doll shape. from good eardboard, it io wil. to uate !) The dipolma was a white experiment with a newspaper pattern firat. Tr,. scroll of narrow paper tied to her folding the newapaper, and ,tartinl1 IrQ'" tl" 100iJ dress with a bow of baby ribbon. For invitations, the diplomas alone draw half of til. objeet. Cut thu oul. and were used. This was the jingle used: when the fold is unfolded-behold a well·hal.need pattern!

• Other rlaluabl. "'1111""0'" fo, ifWi,.t'DnI and posters msy be .sectlrttl from ·'JliuiofIJWY Hp/;:r;.. .' .. t; 'l.'; Helps for J.."ior Lead"," by Margar" Appl.- 11M '" and Nelli. Pres<ott, I>tIblill…J M .., :r.~ ff::!o:~t!;tdb~-:.'·'t~n:, ::~' Miss Leavis and those 0"' Ihe Home Munon test ~:!'; 1j;~~1:::' ~~6 T;i"f°':t",,%:/' 'lJ:'Y/..":.

FASCINATING INVITATIONS Could anyone resist this fascinating invitation prepared by Miss Grace Walker, of the Women's Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian church, for a meeting in Montclair, N. J.? A swift intuition comes to the fortunate recipient that the clever originality which produced the· invitation will produce also an illuminating program.

Miss Board of Foreign Missions is feeling very lad For she knows you have a ~evance, and it'. really pretty bad. She has lived so iong among you And has never thought, you see, That you really weren't acquainted With your Mission Family Tree I SO You're invited to a party, On Thursday next, at four; And tickets of admission Will be asked for at the door. Each guest please write a question That she thmks she wants to know. Miss Board of Foreign Missions will endeavor then to show How really interestinf. just a plain old Board can be. After which we'll all 'forget it" Wihile we have a cup of tea. Now "Tea", of course, does rhyme best But honestly, my dear, It stands for Christmas plum cake And other liquid cheer. Please make Miss Missions bappy For she's nervous as can be Lest you count her party "boreaome" And decline her cup of tea.

Woman's Foreign Mission

Edited by MRS. WM. H. FARM:¢R, Montclair, N. J.

Representative of the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions THE ANNUAL MEETING OF THE FEDERATION Monday, January 13th, at 2:30 p. m. and Tuesday, January 14th, at 10 a. m.

THE Annual Meeting of the Fed- sity of a broader outlook and a eration was attended by more greatly emphasized effort to reach than one hundred delegates and vis- "the Other Women" who have itors, rep res en t ing twenty-one never known the joy of this Christ- Boards. From the opening de- given service-perhaps because we votional service led by the President have hidden the Christ in our or- until the close of the Prayer Service ganization detail and have gone too on Tuesday the interest was well much "on our own way."

sustained. The "Preparedness" program No one who heard the splendid re- presented on Tuesday morning in- ports given on Monday need ask cluded a valuable discussion on "The what place the Federation will take Demobilizing Woman," opened by in the Foreign Mission enterprise. Miss Alice M. Davison; a paper by The value of specialized committees' Miss O. H. Lawrence of the Re- work-on Summer Schools-on Stu- formed Church in America, on "The dent Work-on Methods–and Inter- Home Church Woman"; a discussion denominational Institutions was of "The Professional Woman," in- plainly shown, while our star com- troduced by Mrs. Helen Barrett mittees-on Christian Literature for Montgomery; another on "Individual Women and Children in Mission Gifts," by Mrs. J. Sumner Stone, of Fields and on United Study of For- the Methodist Episcopal church; on eign Missions-gave us a glimpse into "Publicity" by Mrs. Henry W. Pea- a wonderful future of constantly in- body of the Women's Baptist For- creasing usefulness. The full re- eign Mission Society and a discus- port of these committees will be sion of "Finance" by various dele- printed as usual, and it would be gates. The prayer service was led advisable for every Board to send in by Mrs. Robert E. Speer.

orders at onc!! to Miss Leavis as the By following the New Program supply will be strictly limited to the suggested by Mrs. Peabody in a demand. Rainbow Campaign for Recruits we Please note the names and ad- will have an opportunity to reach the dresses of the new Officers and Professional' Women, the Doctors, Chairman: Teachers, Nurses and Welfare work- ers. This is an outline of t)1e plan: SeMcraedtaisryo,n AMviesnsue,VNer.noYn. CHityal.liday, 25 These women who would be so valu- Treasurer, Mrs. ]. C. Henley, 2137 Park able in the Mission fields' and on our Boards, are to be invited to a Ave., Indianapolis, Ind.

Chairman of Committee on Interdenom- supper-(Local Committee to find Patronesses who will give five doli1n5a2t0ionSaplruIcnes tSi tturet ieot,n sP- Mhilrasd. elWphmia., Boyd, lars for five suppers.) At the sup- Pa.

THE PR:¢PAR:¢DNESS CONF:¢R:¢NC:¢ per an appeal will be made by a was inspiring enough to make any missionary or Board Representa- shirker in the missionary cause feel tive on "The Call of the World To- unhappy-while it directed the atten- day" Six four-minute women will tion of Board women to the neces- answer the questions-Who? Why?

300 When? Where? How? Where- schools, local federations and sociewithal? (Six leaflets in rainbow envelope, price five cents, Miss Leavis ties show that the Program has been or Boards). valuable in setting forth the sub- A Recruiting Officer will present the call of the King and will display j ect. As a nominal price was a set of posters and pledge cards. The guests are asked to take home charged the cost has been little. It the souvenir envelope containing the leaflets and to sign at least one of seemed wise not to attempt to set a the pledges which should be read and explained. (Posters, fifty cents a set, date when Christian Literature Day Miss Leavis or Boards). would be simultaneously observed, Mrs. Peabody said in closing- "Now, after the roar and crash of but to ask that the Boards recomwar, after the blood and tears, God's Bow of Promise, His Everlasting mend to their constituencies that Covenant' may span all seas. We women may help to make the rain- this Program be placed at such a bow, for surely our covenant with Him is not to be a scrap of paper. time in the calendar of the local Our moment in the world's history has come. Are we prepared? If society as would insure the best not, then we are unworthy to be leaders of Boards and Societies, un- attention. We urge that further use worthy of our great Divine Leader. be made of the Program in 1919. It 'The tumult and the shrieking dies, The Captains and the Kings depart; may be obtained from Miss M. H.

Still stands thine ancient sacrifice, Leavis, West Medford, Mass., at A broken and a contrite heart. five cents each or $3.00 per hundred. Lord God of Hosts be with us yet, Lest we forget, Lest we forget.' In June the "Dollar Drive" was " 'And ye shall receive power after initiated to reach women and girls that the Holy Ghost has come upon you and ye shall be my witnesses unto in the summer schools and elsethe uttermost parts of the earth.' where, with a request for a dollar "The time of witnessing is here." each for the Book Fund of the LOUISE CHAMBERS KNOX, Committee, i. e., for the translation Secretary, pro tem. and publication of various small LITERATURE FOR WOMEN AND CHILDREN books which have been suggested, Report of the Committee on Christian or to provide larger editions of 'Literature for the Women and Chil- dren in the Mission Fields books already prepared like, ·"The – CCORDING to the request of Sky Pilot," "Golden Windows," etc. A the Federation at its annual The little folder for this drive, meeting last January, a Program for Christian Literature Day in "Books for our Allies in the Orient," March was prepared in which Mrs. A. F. Schauffler, Mrs. Peabody and with its coupon attached, has been Miss Butler gave material assistance. Of an edition of 5,000, about circulated at various meetings with 3,000 have been distributed, through the agency of the Committee on good results, though we still need Publications. Report from summer additional gifts for this fund.

The plan to hold a circuit of public meetings early last fall was sadly interfered with by the epi- demic of influenza. In Pittsburgh, through the kindly cooperation of Mrs. Mary Clokey Porter, Mrs.

Crouse and others, Miss Flora L.

Robinson of India was given an opportunity in September to present the matter and to distribute liter- ature at the annual meeting of the Allegheny Missionary Union. In December Miss Clementina Butler spoke on Christian Literature at an interdenominational meeting in Cleveland, Ohio. .

October 31 a meeting was held in Boston, when the Committee had the pleasure of welcoming Mrs. Don- ald MacGillivray of Shanghai, editor

of Happy Childhood, and of hearing for Christian Literature for All also Dr. Patton and Mrs. Peabody. India, and now we urge that the At this time an appeal for money Boards especially interested in India to publish an illustrated "Life of contribute for this new work and Christ" for Chinese children met call the attention of their mission- with instant response,-a generous aries to its inception. Baptist friend giving the whole amount needed-$2S0.00. Mrs. Mac- Literature for China Gillivray is already at work upon this book which will mean so much Another tremendous enterprise to the children of China, as no beckons on your Committee to an other story of Christ's life, suitable enlarged field of usefulness in China. for little folks, is in existence. Some have already learned from In Philadelphia, the Chairman of Rev. E. C. Lobenstine, secretary the Committee waS enabled through Miss Lodge to arrange for a pro- of the China Continuation Comgram on January 10, in connection mittee, concerning the revolution in with the Day of Prayer. Other the written language in China, made meetings will be held in the Spring, possible by the adoption by the if found practicable, and the Com- Government of that country of a mittee is gratified to be able to re- phonetic system whereby 39 characport the large measure of interest ters are used instead of thousands, which results from even a small a plan which revolutionizes :!ll degree of publicity. The paragraph teaching, and opens an immeasurin the MISSIONARY RF;VIF;W for De- able vista of opportunity to those cember in regard to the "Dollar w.ho are trying to supply good read- Drive" brought response from all ing. There is a very definite propoover the country, every letter show- sition before the American Section ing a deep interest in this cause. of the Christian Literature .Com- mittee, asking for immediate and A Magazine for Indian Girls practical backing. It is estimated that there are approximately 7,000 A plan for· a magazine for Indian preaching places in China where girls and young married women. there are Christian teachers, and projected for some time, seems that if the United Church of Christ likely to be realized during the in China should shoulder this great coming year. The Committee has scheme and set about teaching this given $500.00 for its initiation in system to its teachers and col- Lucknow under the direction of porteurs, in an incredibly short Miss Flora Robinson and her 'sister, time there would be a "reading Ruth. It is designed for the stu- republic" in China, hitherto undents who go back to homes barren dreamed of by the wildest enthusiof all good literature and therefore ast. It has been demonstrated by will be published in English. It one busy doctor who used the plan will be placed at the disposal of the in his hospital, that absolutely ignorvarious mission Boards, with the ant adults can be taught to read hope that they may select the ma- in less that a month by this Aladterial best adapted for their own use, din-like method. translate it into the vernacular used in their districts, and republish it A very modest budget has been on mission presses,-the multiplicity submitted by the Christian Literaof dialects making it out of the ques- ture Council of China to the Ameri- can Section of the Literature Comtion to supply such magaz!nes. in mittee, who have in turn, asked the Woman's Committee to raise its the many .vernaculars. Thl;> new share of the. funds ne€ded. to proventure of .the Committee has the videa simplified literature for the sanction.. of· :the .-Natlon:if Coul'l'eil wem.en anil childi-en of China' under

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

this new system. The sum asked Friends' Clubhouse. Dr. Everett of us is $2,000 (Mex.), $1,000 in of the Medical School presided. The four-minute women included gold. Dr. Potter of the Medical School, The Woman's Committee has been successful in small ways, but Miss Rachel Lowry, Miss Panin the new world order has not coast and others. Philadelphia is the time come to make broader continuing with a series of Rainplans and to enter immediately into bow meetings. possession of new territory? The letter to the Woman's Board sent Washington, D C., held a Rainout last February asking that the bow meeting January 27th, and amount allowed the Committee be with more time secured an attendincreased in 1918, met with imme- ance of three hundred. Mrs. Mcdiate response from the Northern Baptist Board which doubled its Dowell, Mrs. Radcliffe, Miss Burgift of $100.00, with a promise of rell and Mrs. McGrew were delight- securing $500.00 for this Committee ful as four-minute women. Mrs. if the other Boards would follow. Wm. A. Montgomery presented the So far, we are not able to report a "Call of the World Today." Mrs. single Board which has met this Henry W. Peabody acted as recruitchallenge, although some of the ing officer, speaking on "The Call of smaller Boards have materially in- the King" and presented post- ers and dedication cards. Voluncreased their contribution. teers have followed and pledges of money as well as lives are coming in to the Boards.

NOTE: It should be here stated that . DeLand, Florida, held the next Rainbow meeeting. in the lovely the W. F. M. S. of the Methodist home of Mrs. Theodore Page. Episcopal Church supports Miss Laura Among the invited guests was a large group of college girls. One White of Shanghai, whose time is wholly result was the formation of four study classes to be led by the Dean given to publication and translation of the College and Mrs. Page. work, and that they will release also Chicago, with wonderful enterthe Misses Robinson for part time in prise and the fine organization of connection with the new magazine for the Middle West, responded to the call of Mrs. Steele, President of Indian students. the Federation, and gathered a Generous individuals are responding group of two hundred and fifty pro- fesssional women on February 21. to the appeal, but we need a more Plans are under way to place the definite and bigger policy. How can posters and leaflets in hospitals and we reach the constituency of the Woo colleges. Instead of the four-minute man's Boards with a call which shall talks, brief addresses were given by Dr. Tucker of China, Miss be commensurate with the need, and which shaH command attention? Laughlin of New York, and Mrs.

We are servants of the Federation and shall be glad to accept any suggestion for a move forward into the "great land to be possessed."

The Treasurer's report shows plainly that unless we can depend upOn in- creased gifts from the Boards, we shall not be able to meet the demands upon us.

ALICE M. KYLE, Chairman.

THE RAINBOW CAMPAIGN Silverthorne of Chicago. In Pittsburgh on Saturday even- The Campaign for Recruits, ap- ing, February 22, were two hundred proved by the Federation January and fifty professional women at a 14th, began in Philadelphia on Jan- dinner in the beautiful Y. W. C. A.

uary 23. Posters and Rainbow leaf- building. Among the four-minute lets were still in the printer's hand, women were Mrs. Campbell, Mrs.

but proofs were shown and the Isaacs and Miss Kinear. Mrs. Mary .

program given as planned. Two Clokey Porter, Chairman of the hundred invited guests ,tp.et in.. the….Rai!129.~.C.oPlmittee….of. Forty… had

planned also a great mass meeting work in cooperation with the Fed- for Sunday afternoon. One of the eral Council of the Churches.

leading physicians of Pittsburgh has The greatest innovation will be presented her resignation to the hos- that now the Alliance will attempt pital where she is serving and will to organize local Alliances in every sail for China in September. The community throughout America.

Committee of Forty will plan at In most communities there is no once for at least ten more Rainbow organization which interests itself meetings in Western Pennsylvania. primarily in international relation- Buffalo held the sixth Rainbow ships.

meeting on February 25, excelling These are critical days now that aU· in numbers. Forty patronesses the war has been won. There has provided a cafeteria supper for five been a decided decrease in idealism.

hundred young women who were We need to rally all the forces of personally invited. Inspiring music our churches and communities in and addresses brought enthusiastic support of the President and the response. best thinking groups of the Nation, Worcester, Massachusetts, plans who are determined that out of this for Rainbow meeting number seven· bloody struggle, so successfully ter- and Boston is to follow on March minated, there shall be a new world 7th with the eighth. order based on righteousness and All the meetings thus far have justice. Without such a consum- been far beyond expectations. Many mation there can be no peace in the young women are inquiring about world. Our opportunity puts a foreign mission service and we may serious responsibility upon our expect decisions. The work of local shoulders.

Committees is worthy of highest Mr. Hamilton Holt, Dr. Frederick praise. Lynch and Dr. Sidney L. Gulick Posters, Plans and Rainbow leaf- have been sent to Paris, and when lets are on sale at all Women's they return they will have a great Boards of Foreign Missions-uHelp message. Miss Eva Ryerson Lud- Make the Rainbow." gate has just sailed for Europe, TO MEMBERS OF THE WORLD wihere she will make a special study ALLIANCE of the church conditions. Upon her return she will give a large portion The Trustees of the World Alli- of her time to the interests of our ance announce the change of loca- organization.

tion of the office from 105 East TWo study outlines on a League 22nd Street to 70 Fifth Avenue. A of Nations are now ready. Either complete reorganization has been of these will be furnished at the decided upon, but as heretofore the nominal rate of fifty cents for twelve World Alliance will continue to copies.

Shall we withdraw our army of missionaries from the field or shall we send reinforcements? Shall we practice a more severe economy and straiten our army's equipment for service or shall we practice a more glorious self·sacrifice and make its equipment more efficient? Shall we exalt and glorify our Saviour, or shall we follow Him to be put in the shade? Shall we endure hardness as good soldiers of Christ, or shall we take to the fields of indulgence and allow the cross of the living God to be outshone by the army of the world? Which shall it be?

-Dr. I. H. lowett.

FROMMANY1ANDS

INDIA AND BURMA prayer and thought on this question.

Two Views of Home Rnle The conclusion reached by both'

OPPOSITION to Home Ru1e in groups was that a first-class residen- India seems to come from two sources-first the Moslems and next tial High School should be provided, the lower caste Hindus. A Moslem paper published in Calcutta remarks: with a staff of teachers who, by the "A few of our Mohammedan simplicity and earnestness of their brothers say: 'If India gets selfgovernment, then we shall not be fellowship, should demonstrate the able to cope with the Hindus.' ideal of brotherhood. After spend- "When we ask why, the invariable reply is, 'The Hindus are more num- ing much time and thought upon erous than we are, they are better educated, and ,they are certainly the problem, the Commission apmore prosperous financially. We must never forget that these people pointed by the Conference drew up a are the same Hindus that banished the Buddhists from India, and those scheme for the School, of which the Buddhists were their own kith and kin. The first chance they get they following are some of the points: will do exactly the same with us, for they bear a grudge against us, as The School shall he mainly for w.e Moslems ruled over them for six centuries.''' Christian boarders. But a small pro- The argument of the lower caste portion of non-Christians who are Hindus is- summarized thus: willing to accept the mode of life "The Pariahs of Madras assembled in convocation say: 'The Brah- of the Christian boys and a' few mins, ,who have kept us-the Untouchables-mercilessly under their day scholars, Christian or non-Chrisheel for ages, are not likely to be less tyrannical if the Hindus come tian, can be admitted. No class shall into power. That we certainly do not want, and so we prefer British have more than 30 boys. rule for generations to come.''' Religious instruction will he non- (lhrIstian Higb 'SchOOl for South India denominational; but nothing shall AT ,the Bangalore' Conference of May, 1917, the fact was brought be done to disturb the boy's loyalty out that if Christianity is to affect the modern currents of social to the Church to which he belongs. and national reconstruction there should be given the youth of the 'The scheme is launched as one land a more thoroughly Christian, and therefore a more thoroughly which wil! supply a long wfeilltl need national education. While the Com- and which, when realized, be a mission appointed by this' Conference was pushing its investigations, proud achievement. a young missionary was enlisting friends, Indian and European, for The Christian, Patriot.

Women of the Jungle THE Gond woman, bel0llging to an aboriginal tribe in the jungle of Central India, is short, strong, and darker than her Hindu sister, but like her in her fondness' for jew- elry. Not being able to wear the most unusual in quality, she does the best she can as to quantity, so that a party of Gond women walking together; wearing countless pounds of glass, pewter and iron, sound like a chain gang.

Gond WOlnen have accepted the general estimate of their mental capacity, and when approached~y the rnissiQnaty will •usually say; "How can we understand? We ate only ,cattle." But when the GOMS become Christian, theY'atevery 305

thoroughly in earnest, and show that superstitious village people, with so they have latent power. Mayo was just an average child little reverence for their gods and so little fear of their power that they from the jungle, but one day when would smear mud over the faces of she was visiting an old priest she the- gods in order to force them to picked up a mud idol, left there by answer a prayer." This is an illuma madman. The priest told her that inating example of the illogical whoever took the idol would go vagueness in the Hindu's concepmad because of the evil spirit that tion of his gods. had possessed the man, but Mayo Episcopal Recorder. said, "Then I shall take it away, for I am not afraid of any evil spirit." Home Missions in Burma This may seem insignificant, but for such a girl as Mayo it was nothing A KACHIN Christian is pleased short of revolutionary. when a heathen becomes a Chris- tian, but it does not occur to him Hindu Gods as Ra1n Makers to make any effort to bring about ONE reads of many strange meth- such a result. And as for making ods of producing rain, but here any sacrifice for such an end, or is one which is most unusual. It contributing, that is no business of is related by Rev. H. G. Hastings his; that is the work of the mission- of Lalitpur, India. ary and the paid evangelists. That "I was on a visit to our out-sta- is their natural disposition, it is the tion at Mahroni, and had occasion inertia that has to be overcome.

to stop over during the heat of the But foundation work is· beginning day at the government rest house or to show results. Last year a society Dak Bungalow. While there, I no- was organized with the aim of send- ticed on a mound under a tree sev- ing Christian young men into new eral stone idols with flowers hung localities during vacation to open in wreaths around their necks, and small schools, teaching the children their faces smeared over with mud, by day and preaching .by night.

and eviCilences that some of the Many villages have plead for schools Hindu people from the nearby vil- and the volunteer teachers are full lage had been there having puja of enthusiasm over their work, ask- (worship) under the sacred neem ing to be allowed to continue this tree. I asked one of our native year. The Christians have been di- preachers what it all meant, and he vided into prayer bands, so that said the village people had been there every Christian is a member of a praying for rain and that the people band, and every non-Christian is on thought the idols would make it rain a prayer list.

so the rain would wash the mud off their faces. Imagine a god that was SIAM AND MALAYSIA so weak as to let a man smear mud Siam's New National Flag I over his face, and too powerless to T is certain that the King of Siam walk one hundred yards to a river had no intention of putting reto wash his own face, yet powerful ligion into the new national flag, but enough to make rain come that it it is also certain that in the old flag might wash his face clean. Then, the white elephant in the center rep- again, imagine a god who had power resented Buddhism, for the people to sena rain, and would let a great revered the white elephant on ac- number of. people suffer for the lack count of the belief that Buddha once of. rain, but would cause it to come appeared on the earth in that form.

for so small and selfish a reason as At first the King intended that the wanting his own face washed. Then, new flag should contain only the again, imagine a crowd of simple, red and white stripes, but through

NEWS F1WM MANY LANDS

American influence (not missionary) thoughts of our young men to re- the blue stripe was added. ligion. The youths of the Buddhist Blue is the Presbyterian color, faith have grown worldly beyond be- and the Presbyterian Church is es- lief and never come to the temple tablished throughout the length and to pray. So we intend to build a breadth of Siam. The blue stripe magnificent pagoda, a thing of in the flag may well stand not only beauty and inspiration which they for the Christianity of the home land can not escape. Whenever their eyes but for Siam as well; the Christian- rest upon it their thoughts will turn ity which in the "New Era" is des- in spite of themselves to the gods.

tined to take the place of the Bud- But it will be only through the gra- dhism of the "Old." cious benevolence of our friends and Presbyterwn Bulletin. visitors that we shall be able to do this."

Growth of Bangkok Christian College Buddhism has taken fright at THE enrollment in Bangkok Chris- the success of Christianity and is tian College has steadily grown adopting the guise of its methods in until now it is 348, which is an in- the hope of holding loyal a restless crease of more than 50 per cent since generation.

May, 1917. One half of this number are boarders and all the dormi- CHINA tory space is occupied. Even the Phonetic Language Study in China teachers gave up their room and THE N ankit~~ Language .School is moved out on the veranda. now recelvmg over sIxty new Not only has this been the best missionaries each year, giving them year in the enrollment of the college, a year of thorough foundation work but it has been one of the best in on the language and sending them spiritual growth. There are 13 in out from there into their scattered the graduating class, over half of fields of labor from Shantung to Fu- whom are Christians, and five of kien and from Shanghai to Chang- them have decided to give their lives sha. In place of the former method, for special Christian work. There which the early missionaries were are 20 in the second class, half of forced to use, of sitting with a sleepy whom are Christians. The next two old Chinese scholar, repeating after classes number 32 and 47, and each him long and intricate sentences has a good proportion of professing from the Chinese classics, students in Christians. In the lower grades the language school have the advan- there are a few, but most of the tage of the best phonetic methods of boys in these classes are too young language study and a corps of to make a definite and final decision .trained teachers, as well as the stim- which involves so much as it does ulus of school life and competition in this country. One boy in the with other young people.

sixth grade has been completely dis- The head professor is Mr. Gia, owned by his relatives since he be- who, true to the Chinese tempera- came a Christian. ment, was with great difficulty per- The White Elephant.. suaded that the phonetic method was Neutral1zer tor CbrIsttan Missions superior to the old Chinese method of language study. To win him to VISITORS to Penang, Straits Set- Christ was even a harder task. tlements, are importuned to For years the missionaries prayed make contributions to a new pagoda. and labored, but while he received Imitation is the sincerest form of everyone kindly, argument and flattery, and there is a familiar ring prayer seemed alike unavailing. His in the Buddhist solicitor's plea: sudden conversion last year was like . "We are trying· to turn the the case of Paul, and having once

committed himself, he has set out to give him regular lessons in Western win for Christ every one of his methods and ideas. forty teachers, most of whom are not Christians. The Missionary Herald.

The Continent. A Chinese Student's Testimony Y. W. C. A. Opportunities In ChIna A CHINESE Y. M. C. A. student secretary tells of an "i tsik" DAUGHTERS of Chinese officials (miracle) which happened at a meet- and of the "literati" form ing of the Student Association in the Class of girls taught by Young Hongkong: Women's Christian Association secretaries to become future lead- "Instead of inviting an outsider ers. In the eyes of the Govern- to speak they appointed four or five ment, the reliable girl is the Chris- of their own members to give fivetian Chinese girl, and the demand minute addresses, but discovered for Association training grows by there were fifteen minutes left. The leaps and bounds. Government and chairman announced that as there Mission Schools beg for teachers of was time- he would give to any physical education. They need ten present, whether members or not, times as many as are available. an opportunity to speak on how stu- Fout Chinese cities are asking for dents could better themselves mor- American Y. W. C. A. secretaries, ally. A non-Christian boy of about. and seventeen Chinese secretaries are seventeen years got up and said that already at work. Membership in the he thought the most important thing Chinese Association numbers 3889, was fidelity not only to one's earthly and the proportion of native support father, but to our Heavenly Father of the Y. W. C. A. is from one- as well. Then another, also a nonthird to one-half. Christian, about twenty-one years old, said that these meetings had The "Heart Washing" S.ociety helped him to lead a better life. The thing that impressed him the most AMONG the many means em- was the devotional prayers of the ployed by the energetic governor members at the meetings. He had of the province of Shansi, in his at- not investigated Christianity very tempt to promote a higher type of thoroughly as yet, but he saw no manhood, is the Heart-Washing So- solution to the problems of China ciety. It might very properly be in any other way except through called an Ethical Culture Society. Jesus Christ." By his strict orders, this society is to be promoted by the magistrate of That a government sch.ool student each county; and in Fenchow, should speak of Christianity in this which is the county seat for a large way was indeed a miracle. section of country, meetings are held every Sunday in the Confucian tem- Foreign Mail. ple of the Prefecture, and every family and every shop is forced to Tbe Work:lng Boys In ShanghaJ send its representative, i. e., one ONE of the first things to be done after the establishment of a member, to hear the lecture there junior division of the Y. M. C. A. given. These lectures are presided m Shanghai was to make a survey of over by the magistrate himself, who working boys. The first result of often gives the lecture. this survey was to organize a school for poor boys. After two attempts The governor is known to all the had failed. a third made under the foreigners in Tai Yuan, the capital leadership of Mr. S. S. Zung proved of Shansi Province, as distinctly a notable success. The teachers are progressive. He has asked a member volunteers, the course includes readof the English Baptist Mission to ing and writing Chinese characters,

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

arithmetic and the use of the abacus, grims. People who have vowed to spoken English, play, Bible class, visit the temple to return thanks for religious meetings and weekly socials. healing, each carry a small stool, and In two years the school has grown from 30 to 130 boys, who 'are a at intervals along the way kneel on it, bowing towards the temple. In grat.eful and loyal group. front of each shrine is a large Medicine and ChrIstIanity money-box, into which each person THE old world order in China put throws a gift. N:one would think of the practice of med~cine in the worshipping without doing this, relowest room, but the Gospel entered minding one of the command laid on and now, after a hundred years, the art of healing takes a prominent Israel, that none should appear beplace. From the influence of medical missionaries has come the Med- fore the Lord empty. There are rich and poor, soldiers ical School Movement, which has most notably found expression in and police, pickpockets and beggars, North China in the Union Medical not all pilgrims, for some are mere Schools of Peking, Tsinan and sightseers, glad to idle away the Mukden, the "YaH Medical School time. Sd many of the women have at Changsha, carried on by the Yale small feet that barrow men are much Mission, the Union Medical College in. demand. Peddlers and toy stalls in Chengtu, Sz-chuan and the Wo- line the temple entry and the wistmen's Medical Colleges at Canton ful-eyed Chinese children make one and Peking. The influence which realize' that "one touch of nature these schools are destined to exert in makes the whole world kin." the spread and confirmation of the Gospel in China, strikes one with The follower of Christ is in evigrateful wonder. It means the cre- dence too. It is the custom to reni: ation in the next two decades of a a house at the foot of the temple great body of native medical prac- hill, an awning is erected and a hostitioners, fully educated in Western pitable cup of tea is ready for all medicine and surgery, the decided guests. The preachers preach themmajority of them active members of selves hoarse and many stop to he;lr the Christian Church. the message, often pleading to hear more allout the way to salvation. The dominant factor ·in Medical Education in China today is the JAPAN-OHOSEN China Medical Board of the Rockefeller Foundation, which is now Tbe Christian Ohurcb in Korea erecting a $6,000,000 plant in Peking and is closely affiliated with the Mis- THE Presbyterian Church of Kosions. rea has undertaken to carry on mission work outside the bounds of Preaching to PUgr1ms Korea, not only among their coun- trymen but among the Chinese in ONE of the most fruitful features the Province of Shantung, China. of evangelistic effort in China Last year they voted a budget of is that carried on during the annual $3,000 (6000 yen) for this work festivals, of which the Chinese cele- and in their annual report they add brate so many, and when pilgrims the following: come from far and near. Rev. James S. Orr of Kiangsu tells in "The prayers of two hundred China's Millions for February of the thousand Christians behind these customs in vogue and some of the men, (i. e., their missionaries) possibilities found among the pil- should make them powerful in doing their small. portion towards the evan- gelization of China."

According to last year's statistics, there were in Korea connected with the "Federal Council" (M. E.

Church, North and South; Presby- women and girls. The Tokyo As- terian Church, U. S. A., North and sociation is emphasizing, for the South; Canadian and Australian immediate future, work in one of Presbyterian) 208,436 Christians, of its large suburbs, Oji, which has whom 86,186 were members in full more than 12,000 women in its fac- communion. There were, besides, tories, work among girls living at about 10,000 Christians belonging to home or boarding, and welfare work three other bodies, and 5,000 belong- including day nurseries and visiting ing to the Episcopal Church. nurses.

Contributions from Protestant Christians in Korea last year Is Japan Aiding Morphia Trade? CORRESPONDENT in The A amounted to $178,487. This is a North China H eraId asserts that generous sum when we consider the general poverty of the people and the Japanese Government secretly their uniformly low wages. fosters the morphia trade in China; The principle of self-support that the traffic has the support of among the churches in Korea was the Bank of Japan and that the Jap- strictly applied from the beginning anese Postal Service aids the impor- of the work, and is generally ad- tation. Says this writer: hered to at present, though some "No inspection of parcels in the Methodist churches have begun to Japanese post offices in China is per- depart from that principle, especially mitted to the Chinese Customs Ser- along the line of Christian educa- vice.· The service is only allowed tion, which is at present one of the to know what are the alleged con- greatest and most difficult problems tents of the postal packages, as stated for the Church in Korea. in the Japanese invoices. A conser- The Christian Intelligencer. vative estimate would place the amount of morphia imported by the Japanese Women in Industry Japanese into China in the course of THIRTY-FIVE years ago there a year as high as eighteen tons, and were 125 factories in Japan; to- there is evidence that the amount is day there are 20,000. If it were not steadily increasing. for the women these factories could "In South China morphia is sold by Chinese peddlers, each of whom not exist. Within the factory compounds carries a passport certifying that he dormitories are erected and girls is a native of the Island of Formosa living there are practically prisoners. and therefore entitled to Japanese Two factory holidays are allowed a protection. Japanese drug stores month, but in most cases the girls throughout China carry large stocks cannot leave the factory grounds. of morphia. Japanese medicine ven- Recreation is unknown except where dors look to morphia for their largwelfare workers have been permit- est profits. Wherever Japanese are predominant there the trade flourted to go in and teach games. At the beginning of industrial wel~ ishes."

fare work, the Y. W. C. A. had in Japan fourteen American secretaries MOSLEM LANDS and six thoroughly trained Japanese Gentile and Jew in Palestine H secretaries, and in addition twenty ERBERT ADAMS GIBBONS, in an article in the January Cen- Japanese workers as travelers' aids, matrons of dormitories, and assist- tury on "Zionism and World Peace"

ants in domestic science and physi- points out that "as opposed to 100,- cal culture classes. 000 in the Jewish communities (of By the opening of work in Osaka, Palestine) there are 630,000 in the Kobe and Kyoto, its opportunity has non-Jewish communities, of whom been increased by about a million 550,000 form a solid Arabic-speaking

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Moslem block, in racial and religious the Palestine people will soon be sympathy wi,th the neighboring shipping their farm stuff to a good Arabs of Syria, Mesopotamia, market. The English are building Arabia and Egypt." reservoirs on the heights around the Holy City, so that the surrounding French influence in Syria dates country can be irrigated in the dry back to the time of the Crusades, season. The city of Alexandria. and the exclusion of French interests loaned its engineer to Jerusalem to from Palestine, he thinks, would en- arrange for sanitary and other redanger Anglo-French sympathy in a lief measures. Such are a few of degree not compensated for by the the benefits following the British ocadvantages of a British-controlled cupation. railway from the Mediterranean at Haifa to the Euphrates and the Per- "Carrying On" in the Holy City sian Gulf at Busrah. AT the beginning of 1915, the But the pressing danger. is that of Bible Society's depot in Jerusaawakening the fanaticism of the lem was hurriedly closed, but in Arabs, who take their religion far February of the same year an elderly more seriously than do the Turks. gentleman, Mr. Whelan by name-ali Under Moslem law Christians are American subject of Irish originonly permitted to live on sufferance. who had been residing in Jerusalem Jerusalem is a sacred city of the for some few years, resolved to take Moslems. The encouragement of possession of the depot and face the Jewish immigration in order to over- situation. Fixing his bed behind the ride the Moslem majority would, Mr. counter, he lived there as proprietor. Gibbons believes, endanger the lives For thirty-four months Mr. Whelan of Christians in other Moslem coun- held on bravely against many diffitries. culties and hardships. until relief The Congregationalist and Advance. came. About 30,000 volumes, in some 50 languages. had been safely Achievements in Pa.1estIne preserved in this depot at Jerusalem. All the copies in English were quick- MUCH has already been done in ly bought up by British soldiers. the way of reconstruction in Palestine. Orphanages have been es- While the Turks were in possestablished for both mental and indus- sion, they ordered the gold lettering trial training. on the entrance door of the Depot, "B. F. B. S." to be broken out. Mr. A day nursery is doing excellent Whelan then painted the same letwork for the children and releasing tering on a cardboard, which he the mothers who are among the 600 tacked over the glass until the Turks women at work sewing for the Brit- had been driven out. ish Army. The Red Cross is giving especial attention to the health and The Committee of the Society are sanitation problem. Much danger making plans and preparations to was feared from the hosts of refu- erect a new Bible depot in Jerusalem gees who flocked there from beyond which shall be worthy of its object. the Jordan. The Turks and Germans cut down the "blessed" olive The Bible in the World. trees for fuel for the railroads, and the inhabitants looked on with "IFCairQ. a Strategic Center streaming eyes and fainting hearts. Mecca is the religious center of The British Army is already setting Mohammedanism, and Constantiout forests in the wastes, and plant- nople is–or was-the political cening trees in streets and towns all ter, Cairo is undoubtedly their literover Palestine. Many eucalyptus ary and educational center," says Dr. trees ar~ to be planted to purify the Samuel M. Zwemer. In Cairo is air. On the new railway to Egypt the great Moslem University, E!

izhar, with 11,000 students, a An important step toward mak- sj:ronghold of Moslem conservatism. ing these people self-s~pporting was Here, also, is the new and radical the opening of an irrigation canal on Egyptian University, with 270 stu- January 10, some seventy 1Jliles north dents, founded by advocates of the of Bagdad. Water can thus be ri~w and progressive Islam. Mos- supplied to irrigate 300,000 acres, lems schools of law, of medicine, en- and make possible t.he cultivation of gineering schools, agricultural. insti- land as far as the vicinity of Bag- ttttions, schools of commerce, of fine dad. The opening ceremony was ar;ts, schools for girls and schools for held in the presence of many Arab boys bring the total student popula- land-owners, who were impressed tion up to 40,000. All these schools with this striking evidence of the are abreast of the times, well good in~entions of the British. The equipped with libraries and labora- increase in wealth to the land thus tories, but wholly Godless, making irrigated will certainly be consid- no. provision for religious, or even erable, and the increased production ethical training. The schools, car- of food will be of great importance.

ried on by the United Presbyterian and other missions, are the most im- AFRICA portant Christian influence. Assiout In1Iue~za aIUong the Africans T College, the great Christian institu- HE influenza scourge has been very severe in many parts of tipn, has an enrollment of more than eight hundred students, and a body Africa. In East Africa it was found of graduates who have become lead- that many of the native students had ers throughout Egypt, Abyssinia and acquired sufficient training to enable the Sudan. There are also the mis- them to take charge of small hos- sion schools for girls at Cairo, Luxor pitals which were established in and Assiont, with an enrollment of schools and churches, and thus lives 1200. were saved in every village. The re- sult of this work was most apparent Ir:rJ.gation Canal 101" Mesopotamia upon the character of these volun- ONE of the problems which must teers, who developed a new spirit of be considered at the Peace Con- helpfulness and self-reliance. feren~e is the future destiny of the Rev. Cyril S. Green writes from people of Armenia and Syria, many Nkangal, Cape Colony, that this tp.oul3ands of whom took refuge with time of great distress gave the mis- t4e' British Army while that Army sionaries opportunity to come in was still at grips with the Turk. Ac- touch with all classes of people.

wrding to a report issued in London Scores of deaths were caused direcenUy the British refugee camp at rectly by ~he superstitious fancies of Baqubas, thirty-three miles from the heathen. They were sure that if Bagdad, is: caring for 45,000 people they remained long in their huts the of the Armenian and Syrian races. snakes would find them out, so they This qlmp was hastily laid out, and lay outside in the cold, with a tem- in three weeks' time refugees were perature of 103°. Most of the Chris- being taken in at the rate of 1,000 a tians recoveted, for they. were will- day. To provide clothing and food ing to adopt the measures prescribed for them when so much transport for them by the government and mis- waS needed for military operations sionaries.

along the ,Tigris was a great 'lchieve- mellt, and today the camp is organ- "AgaJnst the Book"

T ized as efficiently as many of our HE country around Kabari, on the slopes of Mt. Kenia, is beau- W~stern towns, with water supply, sanitation and well-equipped hospi- tiful, but the people are not. Dis- tals. ease, dirt and heathenish customs

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

have worked sad havoc among them. promised the Lord sixty cents if he At present" with the exception of the got a deer. Early in the week he few baptized Christians and readers shot a small one, but it got away.

whom seven years' work has gath- Later he shot a large one and it es- ered, the ,whole population concen- caped. Friday, long before daylight, trates its intelligence, as to the wo- he arose and prayed about his deer, men, on the work of obtaining food then taking his gun set out on his for themselves and their families, last hunt. He had not gone far until and as to the men, in the intervals , he saw a whole herd, the size of of looking after their flocks, on pala- cow:s. Singling one out he fired.

vers or gossiping. The deer was only wounded and the The lad described in the following boy had to spend his last remain- incident gives hope of the cleansing ing shells, but still his game refused which will take place when Chris- to die. His faith was so strong that tianity becomes more widespread. the Lord had heard his prayer that This African boy had been fined a he caught the animal by the horns goat for refusing to take part in a and quickly cut its throat. Before local ceremony by providing beer for seven o'clock he arrived, breathless, the occasion. "It is against the at the mission saying, "I will not Book" was his steadfast reply when thank the Lord with sixty cents. I his case was referred to the District will giv¢ Him a dollar."

Commissioner. When some 011e sug- When the offering was COUnted on gested that adherents of the Mission Sunday morning the villagers were pay a sum of money in lieu of pro- wild with joy,' for it amounted to viding the beer, the lad stoutly main- $63.95. When the boys and girls tained that no Christian should have saw what they could do they said: anything to do with such a cere- "We will give an offering every mony, and not one-sixth of a penny month. We want to support a sta- would he ever pay in connection tion of our own."

with it.

The order went forth that adher- NORTH AMERICA ents of the mission should hence- Community Spirit Put to Work T forth not be required to take part in HIRTY-FIVE thousand persons reading the same passage of any ceremony they considered objectionable. Scripture on the same day, offering C. M. S. Gleaner. the same prayer, cherishing the same ideals and then exemplifying them Giving to Home MisSions in West AfrJca in daily life and business-has not T HE pastor at Quiongua, West this great possibilities? This is wha~ Africa, recently took occasion to enterprising Christian leaders in preach on tithing and reminded Connecticut have been able to bring his people of a new work just started about in less than two months for home missions. He asked them through ,the: community betterment to promise nothing, but to pray and plan sponsored by the New Haven think about it, and to bring their of- Women's Church Union and the Pas- fering the following Sunday. There tor's Union of that city. The domi- were over one hundred school chil- nant idea is to capitalize community dren in the congregation who had spirit evoked by the war in the in- nothing to give and no way of earn- terests of personal spiritual life and ing money, so work was planned a better public order. To accomplish which they might do for pay during these commendable results, those the noon hour and after schoo!. back of the movement realize that Never was work more eagerly done. the fountains of spirituality must be One boy, skillful as a hunter, spent kept full through daily contact with his spare time out with his gun. He the Bible and the unseen world. So

instead of leaving the average man mittee is fully constituted it will be or wvman t9 his own devices, defin- represented in all the great centers ite material is provided through a of the country and the committee series of community betterment members in each center will call to booklets. Each contains an interest- their assistance other men and wo- ing list of daily Bible readings, one men in order that the organization, or two quotations, several prayers instruction and enlistment may be and memory verses for the children extended into every parish and mis- from week to week. sion of the Church.

The Congregationalist and Advance.

Training Negro Citizens in Georgia Enemies ot the Lord's Day N important school for Negroes A BILL has been introduced into A the Legislature of Pennsylvania cently come under the supervision of at Fort Valley, Georgia, has re- calling for the repeal of the Sabbath the Protestant Episcopal Church.

laws of the state. Fearing the very This is an industrial high school extremeness of this bill, Representa- which seeks to do for the million or tive William F. Rorke introduced an more· Negroes in Georgia what sim- amendment legalizing moving picture ilar institutions are doing in other shows and concerts on the Sabbath. States. There is at present an en- An editorial in the Philadelphia Pub- rollment of 600 students, two hun- lic Ledger supports the amendment. dred of whom live in the dormi- The arguments which are ad- tories, the others coming from the vanced in favor of this Sabbath surrounding country; a property of desecration are briefly: "It is pro- ninety acres and a plant valued at gressive and constructive. If movies $60,000. Each student receives in- and concerts are educational on struction in some useful trade, assur- weekdays, they ought to be profitable ing him the opportunity of develop- on the Sabbath. The concerts and ing into a helpful, contented citizen movies would change the day from of the State.

drab to brightness." The representa- tives of the Lord's Day Alliance are Moslems in the United States I hard at work at the legislature, and N the narrow valley, chiseled out they should have full support. of the mountains of Pennsylvania . New York has long had a law by the Conemaugh River, there is a against theatricals, movies, etc., at group of Mohammedans employed in which admission is charged, but it a coke plant and ruled over by a has been disregarded. Now attempts strange triumvirate: Hassan Taro- are being made to pass bills legaliz- manovic, the Son of Allah, armed ing these and commercial baseball. alike with his priestly Koran and his The Presbyterian. American dinner pail; Omar, who New National Oommfttee tor Protestant presides over the pool room, hazy' Episcopal Oharch with cigarette smoke and the mingled odors of black coffee and THE Board of Missions, the Gen- pink liquor, and Harry, the "Boss." eral Board of Religious Educa- For twelve years these workers, who tion and the Commission on Social are considered "hand-picked fruit,"

Service of the Protestant Episcopal because no church holidays interfere Church, have appointed a national with the regularity of their shifts, committee, composed of men and have enjoyed community life, with- women from all parts of the Church, out Sunday-school, church, library, to care for the details of providing playground or even "movies." They the budget, thus leaving the Boards have all but forgotten the appointed free to do the special work for which hours for prayer, and could scarcely they were created. When the com- point in the direction of Mecca.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Hassan, their religious leader, is a below the birth rate and the Indian stately figure with his fez, but his has ceased to be a "vanishing race."

parishioners call upon him only for Under the five-year program of burials and weddings-their faith the Methodist Centenary $128,450 has deteriorated into a hazy mem- will be used to provide more mis- ory. Surely here is fertile ground sionaries speaking the Indian lan- for the missionary enterprise! guages, to train more Indian preach- New Mormon Chnrch in New York ers, to establish more Sunday- schools and to appoint women work- THE Brooklyn Chapel of the ers to take Christianity to the wo- Church of Jesus Christ of Lat- men and children, who are even ter Day Saints is the first Mormon more neglected than the "braves."

church building in the State of New Christian Advocate.

York. Senator Reed Smoot of Utah, a Chinese Set an Example T member of the Quorum of Twelve WO Chinese brothers, who opened a laundry in Paducah, Apostles of the church, offered the dedicatory prayer and was the prin- Kentucky, became interested in cipal speaker at the dedication service Christianity, and after a time were on Sunday, February 16. The received as members of the First chapel seats 350 persons. Senator Presbyterian Church. For three Smoot confined himself to religious years they were not only regular topics. attendants, but liberal contributors Walter P. Monson, President of to the Church's activities and lost the Eastern States Mission and head no opportunity of witnessing to their of the Brooklyn Chapel, announced faith. Then they decided to return that through the work of his asso- to China, and before leaving handed ciate missionaries there are now the pastor an envelope containing more than 250 members in the their subscription for the remainder Brooklyn congregation, and that of the year, and asked for their there are at present in New York church letter in order to be re- State seven congregations with ceived into the Church in China.

more than 750 members. He said Here is an example for wandering that the members of the church in American church members!

this State look upon the erection of the Brooklyn Chapel as a milestone LATIN AMERICA in the path of the growth of Mor- Exchange or Territory in Mexflco monism in the East. THE American Board of Commis- sioners for Foreign Missions and New Plans tor the "Vanishing Indians" the Southern Methodist Board have SIXTY per cent of the American agreed upon plans for rearrange- Indians are still non-Christian, ment of work and workers in Mex- while only half of those who have ico. By this change, the American been converted are Protestants; 260, Board will withdraw from the state 193 of the 335,998 Indians in. the of Chihuahua and occupy the West continental United States can neither side of Mexico, including the read nor write, and only one-third provinces of Sonora and Sinaloa.

of the entire Indian popUlation can There are many problems involved speak English. Furthermore, ills in this re-assignment, and the resulting from unsanitary conditions American Board has recently sent a and utter lack of personal hygiene deputation to Mexico to confer with have ravaged almost every tribe. missionaries and native pastors with Recently, after these matters were reference to the policies and plans given special attention by various which shall be undertaken.

agencies, the death rate has fallen Congregationalist and Advance.

T"A Social Worker in Cuba key. The men who are to take HE task of bringing civic im- part must live in seclusion for a provement to Union de Reyes, time, then drink enough liquor to Cuba, has been given to Rev. Julio insure their being in reckless mood: Fuentes, the only evangelical pastor A circle is formed by the dancers in this railroad town of 9,000 souls. who wear a head gear made of ani- Asked by the town authorities to be- mal skins and frightful masks, which come a member of the municipal has to be lifted constantly to let a civic committee and to clean up the little air in, and the spectators stand town, an unprecedented thing in the outside. The master of ceremonies history of Presbyterian mission work, calls a masked fellow into the ring he is doing splendid social work and lets the snake slide out of the with meager equipment in a building pitcher down his neck. Then he ex- loaned by a wealthy woman. Any ecutes a wierd dance, while all the social work done in the city must others grunt, shriek and rattle be done by him. gourds. When the snake glides The Continent. from the man's trouser leg he is ex- cused and another is called to repeat Leprosy in Latin America the performance.

NOT every one knows that lep- From such a setting came one of rosy is very prevalent in some the most faithful Christians in the of the States in South America. Santa Maria congregation-once a It is said that many cases may be witch doctor. Not being able to found in Colombia, and lepers are read, he listens intently to the read- p.umerous in Brazil and the Argen- ing of the Bible, then commits to tine. The Mission to Lepers has al- memory the portions read. These ready established work in Dutch he puts into the Indian language and Guiana and has been anxious to preaches to his former followers, do more, but the difficulties in the and it is due to his ceaseless effort way have made It impossible. The that two new preaching centers have Protestant missionary bodies have been formed. Here is proof posi- been comparatively so few and so tive of what these people can do far apart that there has hitherto when the cloud of superstition is seemed to be no definite opening for lifted.

organized effort. A letter has been Guatemala News.

received from a missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Church asking Selling Bibles in "Little Venice"

L for a grant of $100, to enable him AKE Maracaibo, Venezuela, is more than 100 miles long and to employ an evangelist to work in a colony of lepers near one of the from 50 to 70 miles wide. Because large cities in the Argentine. the villages along its shores were Without the Camp. built on raised platforms, standing indian Snake Dancing out over the water, and the inhabi- tants traveled about in canoes, the AFRICA' is not the only "dark early Spanish discoverers named the continent," and nothing that one country Venezuela, or "Little Ven- finds there could be more revolting ice." Last year a colporteur of the and horrible than the snake dances Bible Society, Jose Siciliani, who is among the Indians of Guatemala. a Brazilian of Italian descent, found As the time for one" of these snake his way to this region with a supply festivals approaches witch doctors of Gospels. At first the Bibles "went are sent to the mountains to cap- like hot cakes," and then the word ture a snake to be trained for its was passed around that these books part in the ceremony by beillg kept were "Protestant" and immediately in a pitcher that has contained whis- Colporteur Jose found himself up

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

against the. wall of supelPtition. buco obtained possession of a human Jose rented a small dugout, with a skeleton which he succeeded in petman to paddle him and his books suadinz the people was that of a perfrom house to house. He often had son formerly known in that region, to face most disheartening circum- St. Severino. He had the skeleton stances, lack of food, dangers from covered with leather and stuffed, and tropical storms and disease, and set it up in the church as an object everywhere the unfriendliness of the of worship, the church being located islanders. On one occasion as Jose on a farm which he owned in the approached, the natives beat on tin outskirts of the city. St. Severino cans. with pieces of iron, as is their proved to be a miracle worker, custom during an invasion of locusts. whose benefits were in proportion to However, in spite of all this ignor- the value of the votive offerings ance, superstition and adversity dur- made at his shrine. On the income ing a stay of six months, Jose suc- derived from this source the Perceeded in distributing more than nambuco lawyer was able to aban- 3000 copies of the Scriptures. Who don both his law practice and his can say how far this influence may farming operations and to maintain reach? a handsome home in the suburbs."

Brazil's Need EUROPE DR. S. H. CHESTER, in The Re- Help for Friendless Women gions Beyond, gives sufficient reason for Protestant Christian mis- THE London Female Preventive sionary effort in Brazil, and other and Reformatory Institute, Latin American lands. Dr. Chester says that the priesthood is an expla- founded in 1857, is evangelical and nation of all the corruption, degradation and superstition one finds in interdenominational. Sixty years those countries. The relation of ago it was housed in small quarters, many of the priests to the people is similar to that of the Buddhist with accommodations for only sixpriesthood in China and Japan. They are considered indispensable in con- teen inmates. It has grown rapidly nection with certain functions and occasions. They must be on hand to until at present it has 177 volunteer perform the marriage ceremony for those who are able to afford that workers and its activities comprise: luxury, to administer extreme unction to the dying, to bury the dead, Five Homes for 162 inmates resto give absolution to those whose consciences trouble them on account cued from surroundings dangerous cif their crimes, and for a consideration to secure the release of to morality, or from vice. souls from purgatory. Apart from these official functions, the people A Probationary Home for the have little use for them, and they are the most disreputable element temporary reception of applicants. in the communities in which they reside. An Open-All-Night Refuge for Among other illustrations of the the succour of young women and pass to which so-called religion has come in Brazil, Dr. Chester relates girls found homeless in the streets the following incident: at night. "A lawyer in the city of Pernam- Some idea. of the extent of .the work undertaken may be had from the following figures: 45,616 cases have been admitted to the Homes.

1,715 religious services, etc., were conducted in the Homes last year.

2,964 nights' lodgings were given at the Open-aIl-Night Refuge during 1917.

2,492 midnight and other meetings have been held since 1859, attended by 127,391 young women and girl., thousands of whom have been res- cued. The Christian.

Prayer for RuBBla Huguenots. In spite of the havoc THE Archbishops of York and of war they now maintain seven mis- Canterbury sent out a bulletin to sion stations, mostly in Africa. all the Anglican clergy asking that A Protestant Chaplain in the prayers, both private and public, be French Army, Pastor Daniel COllve, offered for the Russian Church on who spent nine years as a mission- February 23, and the following ary in the Congo, is now presenting prayer was recommended: their cause in America. Through "0 God our Refuge and Strength, their Committee of Union for France who art a very present help in and Belgium the churches he repre- trouble; have mercy, we beseech sents are one body.

Thee, upon the Russian Church in Marshal Joffre, himself a Protes- her hour of need. Deliver her by tant, is especially interested in the Thy most mighty protection from plans for rebuilding and re-manning the dangers that beset her, and these churches. Recently he said: grant her people rest; through Jesus "The need is especially great in Christ our Lord. Amen." the devastated regions. Soon the This is said to be the first time people will return to their demol- in the history of the Anglican ished homes to start life over again.

Church that prayers have been The shock at what they will find will asked for another communion. be very great. They will· need not A Medical Missions Exhibit merely material assistance. 'Moral help will be required, for there is THE idea of holding a great medi- bound to be a tendency to let down cal Missionary E:xhibition in morally in the face of so great loss London has met with hearty ap- and destruction."

proval, and has promise of the co- The E:xecutive Committee of the operation of all the British mission- American Presbyterian Church has ary agencies centering in London. recently voted $500,000 for the re- The definite aim of the exhibition lief of French Protestant churches.

will be not only to serve the best This "hands-across-the-sea move- interests of this department of mis- ment" will give impetus to the plan sionary work" but also to secure for for a League of Churches to the missionary enterprise the sup- strengthen the work of the League port and life service of some of of Nations.

those physicians, surgeons and nurses who have been doing such OBITUARY NOTES magnificent work throughout the Dr. A. F. Schauftlel', of New York O course of the war. The exhibitionN Tuesday, February 19th, the will open June 23, 1919, and con- . Rev. Adolph Frederick Schauf- tinue for some weeks. fier, D. D., died of heart disease at Protestant Neighbors in Frrulce his home in New York city. This brought to a close a long and useful AMONG the loyal defenders of service on earth. His life goes on, France and of freedom were and while Dr. Schauffler rests from many Protestants. Native-born pas- his labors, his works follow with tors or students for the ministry to him.

the number of one hundred gave their Seventy-four years ago he was lives in the great cause. One hun- born in Constantinople, Turkey, dred and fifty sons of French pas- where his father, Dr. William G.

tors or missionaries made a like Schauffler, was a distinguiShed mis- sacrifice. These men, and the sol- sionary scholar of the American diers from among the laymen, rep· Board. The son returned to America resented nearly 500,000 French for his education and Was graduated Protestants, the successors of the from Williams College in 1867, and

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

from Andover Theological Semin- twenty-five years. He was a memary in 1870. After pastorates in ber of the State Executive Com- Brookline, Mass., and New York mittee of the Michigan Sunday City he became supe"rintendent of School Association for about twenty the New York City Mission and years and held the offices in turn, of Tract Society. Here he rendered Secretary, Chairman and President. noble and far reaching service to For twenty-five years he was a memthe time of his death. He was ber of the Executive Committee of always keenly alive to every ques- the International Sunday School Astion relating to the Kingdom of sociation and held numerous offices, God and was a friend to everyone finally being president of the organin trouble. ization. Mr. Warren died in Three Oaks, Michigan on January 16, 1919 Dr. Schauffier was prominently and it will be impossible to fill his connected with Sunday-school work, place in the Sunday School world. was president of the N ew York City Sunday School Association and D. W. McWilliams of Brooklyn Treasurer of the State Association. He was a wonderful teacher of I N financial and business circles teachers, an earnest Bible student, Mr. Daniel Wilkins McWilliams and a firm believer in the inspira- of Brooklyn, New York, was known tion of the Scriptures. He was for as a banker and treasurer of the many years a member of the Inter- Manhattan Railway Co. In missionnational Sunday-school Lesson Com- ary circles he was better known as mittee. Dr. Schauffier also wrote founder of missions in Korea and a a number of valuable books for member of the Foreign Mission Sunday-school workers. His wife, Board of the Presbyterian Church Julia Baker Schauffier, has been al- and other religious organizations. He most equally prominent with her died on Tuesda.y, January 7, at his husband in Christian work. residence, 39 South Portland Avenue, Brooklyn in his eighty-second year. Edward Kirk Warren Mr. McWilliams was born in As a friend and promoter of Hamptonburg, N. Y., and at the age world-wide Sunday School work of 18 he entered the employ of the Mr. Edward K. Warren was better New York & Erie Railroad. After. known than as president of the devoting five years in the banking Featherbone Company. business with the Chemung Canal Bank at Elmira, N. Y., he was Sixty years of continuous activity elected Secretary and Treasurer of in one Sunday-school is a great rec- the Toledo, Peoria & Warsaw Railord in itself. In this school in Three road Company, in 1861, .here he re- Oaks, Michigan, Edward K. Warren mained for nearly six years. From was scholar, teacher, officer, superin- there he went to the banking house tendent and finally was superintend- of Henry Q. Marquand, becoming a ent for life. Mr. Warren began his partner in the firm. He became a relationship with the Sunday-school member of the Lafayette Avenue work at large when he attended Presbyterian Church in 1866 and was the International Convention in At- subsequently adeacon, an elder, and lanta in 1878. At once he brought Superintendent of the Sunday School. things to pass at home and organized He was alife-long frend of the evanthe Berrien County Sunday School gelist, Dwight L. Moody, and had Association, in Michigan, and since served as trustee and Treasurer of that time he attended every annual the Arthur T. Pierson Memorial county convention with the single Bible School of Seoul, Korea. Mr. exception of the one in 1916. He McWilliams was twice President of was secretary of that association for the Y. M. C. A. in Brooklyn. five years and president for about

MISSIONARY

Asia Minor, by Walter A. Hawley. Northern and Central part of the Maps and Illustrations. 8vo. $3.50 Continent brought most under Mos- net. John Lane Company, New lem influence. It is this part of York. 1918. Africa that presents the greatest problem. The author visited the This description of Asia Minor continent during 1910 to 1911 as sechas a double claim upon our inter- retary to Bishop Yartzell and gives est. First, it is a good book on a here some of the results of his subject of perpetual interest and, observations and studies. The book second, it is a timely discussion of a is not the work of an expert or an subject that has just now assumed authority, but is rather a popular special significance. Mr. Hawley presentation of collated facts and justly reminds us that in the Ho- opinions. henzollern dream of placing under the sway of a single power a Nigeria-the Unlmown. A Missionwedge of country cleaving Europe aryStudy Text Book pamphlet. and extending from the North 56 pp. 1 shilling net. Church and Baltic Seas to the Persian Missionary Society, London, 1918. Gulf, Asia Minor became of special importance because of its The Niger basin is a huge terricapability, under scientific cultiva- tory in tropical Africa, about 1000 tion, of largely supplementing the miles long by 500 miles wide. It agricultural products of the German is under British control, is largely Empire, and because it lies along Moslem, and the chief missionary the direct road to the fertile Meso- Society at work is the C. M. S. potamian valley. Accordingly, the It is almost unoccupied territory. Germans obtained from the Turkish but is extremely important to the Government several concessions, future of Africa. This little text and before the outbreak of the great book forms an excellent introduc- European war had built a railroad tion to the study of the subject. from the Bosporus through the heart of Asia Minor, and had con- History of the Methodist Episcopal structed an extensive canal for irri- Church in Mexico. By John W. gating the central plain. The author Butler. 12mo. 156 pp. $1.00 net. outlines the physiognomy and his- Methodist Book Concern, New tory of Asia Minor, its scenery, its York, 1918. present primitive agricultural and industrial conditions, its peoples and Dr. Butler's father, William Buttheir manners, customs and religious observances, and he de- a ler, founded this mission, and the scribes in an interesting way the classic ruins of this memorable son was for over forty years misregion. ' sionary in Mexico. He is therefore especially qualified to write a his- Islamic Africa. By R. Burton Shep- tory of the work from 1872 to 1918. pard. 12mo. 127 pp. 75 cents. It is a volume of personal reminis- The Methodist Book Concern, cences and facts, gathered from first New York, 1914. hand knowledge. The story of-each field is taken up separately and in The Africa here described is the the last chapter Dr. Butler de- scribes briefly the progress in the last half century in Mexico.

320 The Oregon Missions. By Bishop tion, to lynching and to Christian- James W. Bashford. 12mo. 311 ity. The hopeful outlook is em- pp. $1.25 net. The Abingdon phasized and there is much of con- Press, New Yark, 1918. structive value in this helpful little study of the American Negro. The indebtedness of America to home missions can never be fully Under Coligny's Banner. By Aldescribed. Here is one item in the bert Lee, Ph. D. 8vo. 314 pp. credit sheet. Oregon was saved to 6 shillings. Morgan and Scott, the United States by missionaries, London. 1918. the Indians were converted, the land was made safe, and education Under 'the guise of fiction, we was started by missionaries. Bish- have a most interesting story of op Bashford tells the story graph- Hugenot France of the days of ically and impressively. It should Henry of Navarre. Such a story be known by every Christian and brings vividly before us the changes every patriot. It is thrilling. This that have come since the Jesuit story emphasizes the part Metho- persecutions, when it was a crime to dists played in the history of the own a Bible and one could not be Northwest. purchased except at great risk and at a cost of a hundred crowns. The Faiths of Mankind. By Prof. Great is the change today when Edmund D. Soper. 16mo. 165 pp. Roman Catholics and Protestants 60 cents. Abingdon Press, New unite in a financial campaign for York, 1918. the Army and Navy, and even. in religious services.

Many are not interested in mis- Dr. Scofield's Question Box. Comsions because they know nothing piled by Ella E. Pohle. 12mo. of the faith and practice of non- 166 pp. $1.00 net. Bible Insti- Christians. Professor Soper here tute, Chicago, Ill. 1918. gives us a brief study course which outlines some of the main features Arranged under topics alphabeticof Judaism, Christianity, Buddhism, ally the compiler has gathered to- Hinduism and Animism. It is a gether many illuminating and pracbook for college students, and the tical answers to questions on the method followed is daily topical Bible doctrines and Christian prac- Bible readings, with twelve weekly tice given in connection with Dr. studies, each in a different religion, Scofield's Bible Correspondence two weeks each being given to Hin- Course. A full subject index opens duism, Buddhism, Islam and Chris- up this rich storehouse of one who tianity. They are clear, concise is an unusually clear and sound Bible teacher. and helpful studies on a new plan.

Your N,egro Neighbor. By Ben- The Right to Fight. By Sherwood jamin Brawley. 16 mo. 100 pp. Eddy, LL. D. 12mo. 87 pp. The 60 cents. The MacMillan Co. Association Press. 1918. 1918. The Christian position in regard The Negro in America is a real to the European war is here clearly problem which must receive serious stated by one who has seen the attention. Mr. Brawley views it causes and effect both in America from a Christian standpoint and and in Europe. Dr. Eddy discusses presents the facts clearly and forc- the German views as contrasted to ibly. After an historical review of the Biblical principles. This is good. the Negro in America he reviews material for correcting some mishis relation to industries, to educa- taken ideas of strict pacifists. ~ oW ,,&bUm.iWiiiii ~bFACTS WOkRT~ II QUOTlING i utAJ • baa Of all the Protestant mISSIOns in Africa over one-fifth of the mISSionaries, almost one-tenth of the native staff, more than one-fifth of the baptised Christians and nearly one-eighth of the pupils in schools were connected with German missionary societies. The future of the missionary enterprise will be tempered in some measure by the re-adjustment of this work in the Peace Settlement. (See page 251.) * * * * * * One-fifth of the world's population, mo~e than the combined population of the United States, Canada, South America and Africa live in India. Christian teachings have filled the people with ambition. Their new ethical ideas are derived to a start- ling degree from the New Testament, although most have not yet been led to the full acceptance of Christ as Saviour. (See page 259.) ****** India as a field of work among Mohammedans is second to none in promise and accessibility. Many confess that for them the tenets of Islam have little meaning, except.as a symbol and reminder of past glory, (See page 259.) *****• Nearly two thousand American and Kurdish children were gathered· by the Turks into an orphanage at 'Antoura, Syria, in 1915 and 1916. Last October after the Franco-British occupation of Beirut, only 669 orphans survived the Turkish methods of conducting an orphanage. This remnant is now cared fc>r under French and American direction. Industrial and educational classes will be formed and a plan of self-government will be introduced. (See page 287.) ***** * Although Meshed, a city in Eastern Persia, on the border of Afghanistan, is the first great sacred city of Islam in which Christian missionary work has been established, two-thirds of the expense of the medical mission work has been paid by the Persian people. (See page 266.) ****** It is a glorious testimony to the missionary spirit of the French Protestant churches thar in spiie of the awful sacrifices of the war, their offerings t() missions have been only one-sixth or one-seventh less than in pre-war times. (See pa·ge 289.) ****** The American Government is preparing to create Soldier Agricultural Settlements to give an outlet to the virile fo,rces now returning in khaki. This may furnish the key to the whole problem of social reconstruction. There are still 372,000,000 acres of uncultivated land which can be improved. Allowing 100 acres to a farm would mean 370,000 new farms, aud allowing 100 families to a church the necessity is seen for. 3,700 new churches within the next few years. (See pag 270.) *****• The Chinese are hungry for education. A school for working boys in Shanghai has grown in two years from 30 to 130 pupils. The teachers are volunteers and the course includes readiug and writing Chinese, arithmetic, English, games, Bible Study and religious meetings. (See page 306.) ****** The first Mormon church building erected in New York State was dedicated in Brooklyn last February. At this service it was announced that there are at present in New York State seven Mormon congregations with more than 750 members. (See page 308.) ….. **** Home mission folk take notice: Of the 335,998 American Indians in the United States 260,193 can neither read nDr write, and only Dne-third of the entire Indian population can speak English. (Se,e page 308.) NEW BOOKS ON MISSIONS Captain Bickel and the Inland Sea. By Wilson and Foch say C. K. Harrington. 8yo. 301 pp. $1.75. ••A man has deprived himself 0/ the best Fleming H. Reyell, New York, 1919. th£reis in the world who has depri,;eahim· Japan at First Hand. By Jos. 1. C. – – – – – — selfofintimate knowl· Clarke. 8yo. 482 pp. $2.50. T1odd, edge ofthe Bible. " Mead & Co. New York, 1910. -Pres. U ilson.

The Faith of Japan. By H. Tasuku. uThe Bible is certain- 12mo. $1.25. The Macmillan Com- ly the best prepartion that you can gir:e to pany. New York, 1919. an American soldier China and the World War. By W. goin/! into battle to sustain his magnificent idprll and faith. II Reginald Wheeler. 12mo. 263 pp. $1.75. -Mar8hal Foch to N. Y.. Bibl~ }:,o~ety. The Macmillan Company. New York, Answer this "Call to the Colors" 1918.

China Mission Year Book. 12mo. 429 Be a Trained JI~:~ !';;e!Jre~J l~~~iii:e:~i:e: pp. China Continuation Committee. Christian Worker ~~~;r~i~::'-~~~d::t!~a~~~:: Shanghai, 1919.

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The Macmillan Company. New York, Never was there such a great demand for those who prayerful, really know the Blble. There is personal profit beyond 1918. ' anything you can imaID.ne in systematic Bible Forty Years in Burma. By J. E. Marks. reading and study. Get ready! Start at onc.! The 8yo. 1917. 307 pp. $3.50. E. P. Dut- Correspondence Courses ton & Co. N ew York, 1917. ofthe MOODY BIBLE INSTITUTE will give you a system to stndy by-a guide, a teacher. You will be a personal Dupil Mexico Today and Tomorrow. By Ed- -time, place and amount of study under your control. Ex.. ward D. Trowbridge. 12mo. 282 pp. aminations are written, assuri;.1g' accuracy in your work.

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Asia Minor. By W. A. Hawley. 8yo.

329 pp. $3.50. John Lane & Com- pany. New York, 1918.

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i'p. 4s, 6d. Morgan & Scott, Ltd. ea~~~~:~~~~~~~~Ol:~~~gd tl~~~t~~ London, 1918. A week of Conference, summarizing the world's The Conscience and Concessions. By Al- fred Wms. Anthony. 8yo. 270 pp. r~~~~~~~i ~~d:S~~~l(iJ!li~f~~~; $1.50. Fleming H. Revell. New York, 9-15. 1918. Special opportunities to visit social institutions.

A Light in the Land of Sinim. By Write for information and schedule to Harriet Newell Noyes. 8yo. 250 pp.

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Six Red Months in Russia. By Louise 541 Lexington Avenue, New York Bryant. 8vo. 299 pp. $2.00. Geo. H. Doran Company. New York, 1919. HARTFORD American Motherhood W. Douglas Mackenzie For Every Home in the Land President Recognized Authority on Theological Seminary J . The MOTHE Dean, M. W. Jacobus The CHILD and School of Religious Pedagogy The HOME .

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THE BEST WAY One of the aims of our advertising depart- ~ to serve Communion. a is re'ertmt ment is to be helpful to those of Bauitary, andincreasesatteodance.t OUR READERS the Lord's Supper. Our eerviees are chaste and beautifuL Made of finMtt who are seeking information about articles m&terials and best workm.aDRhip. they wish to purchase whether found in our advertising columns cr not. We will 8tnd for iUu.rlTakd price lilt gladly answer your inquiries and endeavor to fulfil yourrequirements by putting you INDIVIDUAL COMMUNION SERVICE CO. in touch. with responsible business houses. 1701 Cbednat Street Philadelphia, Pa. OUR ADVERTISERS NEW BOOKS CONTINUED are deserving of your patronage. We bespeak for them your con.ideration. Morale. By Harold Goddard. 12mo. 118 pp. $1.00. Geo. H. Doran Com- Business Department pany. New York, 1919.

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The Missionary Review of the World — June 1915

THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD

MISSIONA~Y fI~ES 1. In Sumatra (Dutch East Indies) there is [,OW a race between the Cross and the Crescent, and the one which reaches the people first will be the ruling faith. (See page 428.) 2. A Moslem gentleman in Tunis says that the greatest danger to the Moham- medan faith comes from Christian work among the children. (See page 415.) 3. Twelve thousand Scotch soldiers have recently joined the Pocket Testa- ment League, and thousands of others are in the same band of Bible- readers. (See page 435.) 4. "Scatter-the-Truth" bands have been formed among the Chinese Chris- tians. The members volunteer to go among non-Christians distributing tracts, preaching, and selling Bibles. In one district one of these bands disposed of 3,000 gospels. (See page 404·) 5. Mohammedanism has been losing ground for the past seventy-five years. Greece, Bulgaria, Servia, Rumania, Tunis, Algeria, Tripoli, Egypt have all been taken from Turkey, and to-day only one-tenth of the 2IO,000,OOO l'iohammedans are uncler Moslem rulers. A great awakening and readiness to acknowledge Christ may follow the war. (See page 40I.) 6. Modern inventions increase missionary efficiency. By motor-cycles, ten native preachers in Shantung are able to carryon work which seventeen men were formerly needed to superintend. (See page 468.) 7. Does Japan need missionaries? It is estimated that there are 6,000,000 unevangelized women in ten provinces in Japan. (See page 470.) 8. "Bible-pockets" are a new feature of the Korean Christian costumes. (See page 470.) 9. The Rockefelier Foundation recognizes the great value of medical mis- sions, and is planning on a large scale to improve medical and hospital conditions in China. (See page 466.) IO. Sales of Testaments and other Christian literature among the "!VIoslems of Morocco have greatly increased since the beginning of the war. (See page 402.) II. Mexico is passing through a religious, as weil as a political upheaval. The result may be a great movement toward Christ, or a wave of in- fidelity. (See page 476.) 12. In Portugal, where there was no religious liberty under the n10narchy, the Young Men's and 'Nomen's Christian Associations are now free to work. (See page 405.) I SI ARY REVIEW , OF THE WORLD Vol. XXXVIII, No.6 JUNE, 1915 Vol. XXVIII, No… Old Series New Series mSIGNSv v THE v TIMES JI ITHE DISINTEGRATION OF ISLAM movements in which whole villages, S the time approaching in the Mos- are ready to renounce idolatry and lem world when there will be mass accept Christ. China, which for the movements toward Christianity, when first half century of Protestant mishundreds, yes, thousands,' of the fol- sionary effort yielded only 3,000 lowers of the Arabian prophet will converts, in the second half century recognize that they have been fol- yielded 200,000, and now the nation lowing a false light and will turn seems eager to learn of Christ and to the true-the only-Light of the His remedy for sin. World? Only a few yea,rs ago such a suggestion would have seemed an Mohammedans have always relied idle dream, for Islam was regarded largely on their political power and as the weB nigh impregnable rock the conquest of the sword. Thus against which Christianity, was beat- their early victories were won. Thus ing in vain. To-day there are evi- they have spread fear of apostacy in dences of a coming disintegration. the minds of those who would other- Already large ~umbers of Moslems wise openly confess their faith in have turned Christward in Malaysia. Christ. But the temporal power of Islam has been disintegrating, and There have been and are mass soon the religious leaders will be no movements among other peoples who longer able to threaten with the not many years ago seemed almost or power of a Moslem state. For quite as unreacMble as Mohamme- seventy-five years Mohammedanism dans. The Hindus seemed to be so has been losing temporal powerintrenched in ignorance, superstition, Greece, Bulgaria, Servia, Rumania, idolatry, and caste that nothing would Tunis, Algeria, Tripoli, Egypt, have move them. To-day there are mass all been taken from Turkey, and to- The editors seek to preserve accuracy and to manifest the spirit of Christ in the pages of this REVIEW.. but do not acknowledge responsibility for opinions exprest, nor for positions taken by contributors of signed articJ.es in these pages.-EDITORS. day not more than one-tenth of the bought more New Testaments and Moslems of the world are under Moslem rulers. Gospels, and took away more Chris- The Mohammedans are also com- tian literature within the past few ing to see that their education is de- fective, that their homes are loveless, months than during the whole preand that their morals are rotten. The present war may include a final blow ceding year. to Turkey-already the Moslem "holy war" has proved an empty bubble. One Spanish merchant who read For some years Moslem students have been entering Christian universities the Gospel of Luke and some of the in increasing numbers. Many are secret believers in Christ. Christian Psalms remarked: "I really believed Bibles and literature have been scattered broadcast and have penetrated that the books had reference to the remote corners of the Moslem world. There has been plowing and seed- war; but, instead, I find they are sowing, God has been sending His sunshine, and there have been clouds good Protestant books." He shook the size of a man's hand to foretell coming showers. May not the time hands with the missionary, and said: soon be coming when toe hard soil will show new signs of fertility, when "God bless you and your work. It is the rock will dissolve, and everywhere the harvest will be ripe? Will quite true that if men would obey the the Church. be ready, or will the .ripened grain rot because of lack of voice of God this awful conflict harvesters? would not have taken place. Give INFLUENCE OF THE WAR ON me a few more of these books for NORTH AFRICAN MISSIONS my children." "If Morocco is to be T HE war in Europe has brought won for Christ," writes Dr. Kerr, "it some unexpected 'opportunities in Morocco for the missionaries who can only be through the people beremained at their posts to extend the Gospel. Moslems were frightened, coming familiar with the Word of and hundreds came to the missionaries asking if there were any dan- God." ger. Dr. Kerr of Rabat told them that he could sell them books that Among the educated Moors the would show them the cause of the war; how to have protection in dan- war has produced a striking reflex ger; and how war can be prevented. This announcement caused some ex- action. In the towns they are rapcitem!!nt among his visitors. They idly becoming more enlightened through the daily papers. A few weeks ago a learned and respected Moslem teacher called at the dispens- ary, and said: "I ha"e been reflect- ing on this awful war, how the Christians have brought the Moslems from Africa, the heathen from India, the idolators from Japan, and the Jews, also, to crush another Chris- tian State. Now, in all the history of Islam you could not find a parallel to the present war, that is, of the Moslems joining hands with the heathen, the idolators, the Christians, and the Jews to crush another Mos- lem State. I thought, after what has happened, that you could not refrain longer from publicly becoming a Moslem." .

Not long ago a Moslem said to Dr.

OF THE TIMES

Kerr: "Why don't you turn your responsible for securing their monthly attention to the Christians? With all salary from the' patrons of the our faults, we have some religion schools. The well-to-do must pay left; but the Christians have none." , the full tuition, and the poorer in proportion to their means. Every The large influx of godless Euro- pupil is required to pay something. peans into Morocco has also told ad- Many of the official class have shown versely on missions. The war will, themselves favorable to the missionno doubt, greatly hinder the work aries and their work, and since the among Moslems for years to come; Siamese and Laos are a childlike but in spite of the difficulties, there race the progress of education in are a large number of intelligent Mos- Christian truth and development of lems who are longing after something Christian character is slow but is better, and are glad to receive Gospels steady. and Nile Mission Press publications. Pray that these Moslems may not be PROGRESS AND PLAGUE IN ARABIA hindered in Jeceiving Christ. THERE ar.e signs that the war SIAM IN TRANSITION wiII doubtless· bring blessing in C OMPARATIVELY little is re- its wake to some of the lands in- volved in the conflict. Recent letters ported about Siam in either the from Arabia describe the changes secular or religious press, but there that have been made in Busrah since is, nevertheless, progress in the little the British occupied the' town. They kingdom. Siam has adopted English are not waiting until the close of the law; is training a comparatively large war to develop the place. Many new army; is constructing railroads and bridges and roads have been built, wagon roads; is endeavoring to and contracts for improvements are launch a better irrigation system; has being given out rapidly. This work established compulsory education, and has created a demand for interis using the numerous monasteries for preters, and the boys who learned common schools. English in the mission schools find ready employment. The king seems, to be endeavoring to revive Buddhism, and while some The mission schools in Busrah are consider that this counter current is a flourishing and should increase rapserious hindrance, others 100k upon idly as the demand for Englishit as one of the results of the trans- speaking Arabs increases. Die new formation process, the irresistible government will probably give a substirring that the contact with Chris- stantial grant for the work. The tianity has caused. evangelistic department is likewise flourishing. The colporteurs find a There are many reasons for en- ready sale for the Scriptures among couragement; among others is noted the English and Indian soldiers. the tendency of the resident Chinese to embrace Christianity. Another Mrs. Van Ess, of the Reformed sign of progress is the rapid advance (Dutch) Church mission says: "It of self-support. In the mission seems as. tho Arabia were never so schools for both boys and girls in the interesting nor the work so promcity of Praa, the teachers are made ising."

The missionaries at Bahrein are grope after God, if haply they may free from the stress of war condi- find Him-stilI Christians withhold· tions, but they are living in the midst the true light.

of another horror. Plag~e, both bu- A "SCATTER·THE·TRUTH BAND" IN bonic and pneumonic, is raging CHINA among the people. It began in January, and will continue until the real T HE future evangelists of Ch~na hot weather comes. must be Chinese. Pastor Dmg Li Mei on a visit to Wanhsien, a A NEW CULT IN CHINA China Inland Mission station in A CURIOUS cult, said to have Szechuan, held some very successful many thousands of jidherents, evangelistic meetings, but the most has arisen during the last thirty years far-reaching results of his work was in the province of Kiangsi, spreading in his suggestion that the Christians thence into northwest Fukien. The form a "Scatter the Truth Band"- name of the cult is "Great Elder to go out book-selling, preachiI}g and Worship"; it is also called "Very tract distributing. "This," writes First Doctrine" and "Doctrine of Mr: H. W. Funnell, in China's Mil- Passivity." lions, "we continued for several weeks, disposing of 3,000 Gospels. Its founder was a farmer, who After that we decided upon a week's lived an ascetic ,life for some years special evangelistic meetings, ouron a mountain top, where he was selves. During the week at least later joined by two others. These 2,000 gospels were sold, and many three used to meet on the hill-top heard the Gospel who had never done to worship space. Night and day so before. We now have about they did not lie down to sleep but seventy or eighty newcomers attendsat with eyes closed and mouth open, ing our meetings and classes-we ~hile they meditated in their hearts call them "hearers." and let themselves be possest .by space. This process was called "De- The Sunday following this evansire reason and nourish nature." By gelistic week was a day of real this means they said sickness could thanksgiving, for four men burned be cured and opium-craving over- their idols publicly at the close of the come without the use of medicine. morning service.

The leaders teach that men must It will interest those who pray to do good works, abstain from gam- know that Mr. Darlington of this bling, despise riches and the things of station has asked friends at home to the world. Sick people need not pray for various parts of the work abstain from other kinds of worship, and for people there, and is now able but those who "obtain reason,"· and to report thirty-eight answers to become teachers must abstain. The definite requests sent fo these home original three appear to have been friends.

honest men, leading good lives, but A NEW NATIONAL CAMPAIGN T their representatives are often far WO years ago the Laymen's Mis- sionary Movement conducted a from following their example. Here is but another example of how men very successful nation-wide campaign

OF IHE

in the interests of Home and Foreign This union movement, led by the Missions. Some 500 conferences were laymen for a world-wide conception held in great centers and outlying and more .adequate fulfilment of the districts, and many churches and lay- missionary work of the Church, is men were brought into more vital one of the hopeful signs of the times touch with the work of the Church in America. in all lands. One result was that BRITISH LAYMEN'S MOVEMENT gifts were increased in many cities So I N the midst of the throes of war, per cent., and in some churches 500 per cent. British Christians are preparing for forward missionary advance in For the coming year a new nation- the cause of the Prince of Peace. wide campaign is planned by the In Chester, England, an important Laymen's Movement, with the co- conference of representatives of the operation of the Home and Foreign Laymen's Missionary Movements in Boards. Conventions are to be held England, Scotland and Ireland, was in about one hundred leading cities recently held. The aiin of the move- -beginning in October, 1915, and ment is "to quicken among laymen concluding with a National Mission- faith in Christ as the one Savior and Light of the W orId; to call forth ary Congress in Washington, D. c., and focus the service, sacrifice and influence of laymen on _behalf of in April, I916. Five teams of the the extension of the Kingdom of best speakers avail~ble will be in Christ throughout the world, and as the field at once, and extension work an essential part of this task to inis planned for the districts a.round the sist upon the application of Chrismain centers. tian principles to the life not only of individuals, but also of society and The main objectives in this cam- nations." Lord Bryce delivered a paign are: powerful address on the present world-crisis, in the course of which he I. To consider new world conditions said that as the Laymen's Missionary and America's enlarged responsibil- Movement had enlisted their sym- ity. pathies to think that Christianity was the only remedy for the ills of 2. To study the missionary progress of the world, they should consider it as recent years. a part of a greater movement for Christianizing themselves. 3. To project plans looking toward the accomplishment of our whole mis- RELIGIOUS OPPORTUNITY IN sionary duty. PORTUGAL 4. To emphasize the adequacy of the BEFORE Portugal became a Re- Gospel to meet modern social con- public in I9IO, the Roman Catho- ditions. lic Church was in full power, and 5. To increase the spiritual power and true liberty of conscience and wor- efficiency of the local church. ship was denied to other faiths. The 6. To secure the general use of the best methods of missionary education and finance.

7. To inspire laymen to take their part in the extension of the Kingdom of Christ.

law stated that anyone leaving the Episcopal Church, writes of a great Roman Catholic Church would be wave of religious interest that is banished from the country. The sweeping over Norway. He reports small Protestant congregations in that on a recent trip through that Lisbon, Porto, and a few other cen- country, he spoke once or twice every ters, existed under difficulties. Bible day, meeting groups of pastors at colporteurs were liable to arrest, and various centers, and conferring with their Biblea were sometimes burned. committees and Boards. In toost With the establishment of the Re- towns and cities the Methodist public five years, ago religious liberty churches were packed to their utmost was granted, and the Roman Catholic capacity. At one place, where the Church was disestablished. Colpor- Methodist church is small, the Bishop teurs are now free to sell Bibles all spoke, upon invitation, in a large over the land, and Protestant evan- state church, which was crowded by gelistic campaigns can be conducted. an attentive congregation.

In Roman Catholic families, however, the Bible is practically unknown, and JEWS TURNING CHRISTWARD;- Catholic bookshops do not keep copies for sale except at prohibitive T HERE seems to be an unmistak- prices. able trend of the Jews away from The Young Men's and Young Wo- their ancient faith and toward Chris- men's Christian Associations are con- tianity. 'The tone of the Jewish press dt1cting work among the 2,000 stu- throughout the world shows the alarm 'dents of two universities, where there that is felt by Jewish editors, both in are some Protestants interested in the Europe and America. The repeated regeneration of their country. In the appeals and warnings that are sounded third university, with 1,400 students, out to the orthodox Jews are indica- there has been no Y. M. C. A. work. tive of the great crisis that has come Last year, Mr. Robert P. Wilder de- to the Jewish nation. The Jewish livered addresses in all three of the (Yiddish) Daily News published a universities, Coimbra, Lisbon, and long article on the subject of Chris- .Porto, and was courteously received tianity among the Jews. The caption by large audiences. Many of the of the article was striking: "Two students heard for the first time the Hundred and Four Thousand Bapclaims and power of the living Christ tized Jews in the Last Hundred presented in a way that they could un- Years. Mournful Figures Published derstand and that appealed to both by a Learned Jew at Wien." "The intellect and conscience. Learned Jew" referred to is Dr. Zai- son, of Vienna, Austria, who admitted RELIGIOUS AWAKENING' IN that 204,000 Jews left their ancient NORWAY faith and accepted Christianity in the I N the neutral countries of Europe, past hundred years. Of this vast as well as in those on which the number, 22,000 were in Germany, war cloud rests, there is a striking 28,000 in England, 44,000 in Australia, movement to)Vard religious interests. 84,000 in Russia, and 13,000 in Bishop Nuelsen, of the Methodist 'America.

EVENTS

June May 31st to June 4th-Woman's Summer School of Missions, Los Angeles. 1St to 6th-Woman's Summer School of Missions, Oklahoma City, Okla. 3d to 13th-Woman's Summer School of Missions, Denton, Texas. 3d, 4th-Inter-Church Activities Conference, Atlantic City, N. ]. 4th-The 50th anniversary of the birth of George L. Pilkington, 1865. 6th to 13th-Woman's Congress of Missions, San Francisco, Cal. 8th to 14th-'-Woman's Summer School of Missions, Duluth, Minn. 15th to 20th-China Inland Mission Jubilee Conf., Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ont. 16th to 22d-Woman's Summer School of Missions, Meriam Park, St. Paul. 23d to 27th-International Missionary Union, Clifton Springs, N. Y. 24th to July Ist-Woman's Summer School of Missions, Winona Lake, Ind. 25th to July 4th-Missionary Education Movt. Conf., Blue Ridge, N. C. 30th-The 600th anniversary of the martyrdom of Raymund Lull, 1315.

July 2d to 12th-Missionary Education Movement Conf., As,ilomar, Cal. 6th-Five-hundredth anniversary of the martyrdom of John Hus. 6th to 13th-Woman's Summer School of Missions, Boulder, Col. 7th to 12th-Fifth World Christian Endeavor Convention, Chicago, Ill. 8th to 15th-Woman's Summer School of Missions, Northfield, Mass. 9th-The 75th anniversary of Martyrdom of Christians in Madagascar. 9th to 18th-Woman's Summer School of Missions, Silver Bay, N. Y. 9th to 18th-Missionary Education Moveme·nt Conf., Silver Bay, N. Y. 9th to 20th-Southern Methodist Missionary Conference, Junaluska, N. C. 12th to 17th-Woman's Summer School of Missions, Mt. Hermon, Cal. 14th to 18th-Woman's Summer School of Missions, Monteagle, Tenn. 16th to 23d-Woman's Summer School of Home Missions, Northfield, Mass. 16th to 25th-Missionary Education Movement Conj., Estes Park, Colo. 18th to 25th-Missionary Conv. of Disciples of Christ, Los Angeles, Cal. 22d to 30th-Missionary Education Movement Conf., Ocean Park, Me. 23d-The lOath anniversary of the baptism of Africaner, 1815. ,28th to Aug. 2d-Laymen's Miss. Movement Conf., Lake Geneva, Wis. 30th to Aug. 9th-Christian and Miss. Alliance Conv., Old Orchard Beach, Me. 31st to Aug. 7th-Reformed Church in U. S. Missionary Conf., Mt. Gretna, Pa.

August 1st to ~d-World's Bible Congress, San Francisco, Cal. . 4th to Sth-Presbytcrian Home Missions Conference, Montreat, N. C. 6th to 15th-Missionary Education Movement Conf., Lake Geneva, Wis. loth to 15th-International Convention of Young People's Alliance of the Evangelical Association, Lomira, Wis. 20th-The 80th anniversary of the founding of the Domestic and Foreign – Missionary Society of Protestant Episcopal Church. 25th to 29th-Woman's Summer School of Missions, Chautauqua, N. Y:

ONE OF THE BETTER TYPES OF MOSLEM HOMES IN NORTH AFRICA A MOSLEM SCHOOL FOR 1I0YS IN NORTH AFRICA

ARAB AT PRAYER IN THE DESERT OF NORTH

Islam In North Africa BY REV. EDWIN F. FREASE, D.D. Superintendent of the American l1ission in North Africa of the Methodist Episcopal Church HE Moslem problem is and arbitrary will from holines;;, goodness, kindness, mercy or ·love. IZT l~. to-day squarely before The fatherhood of God, is a concept the Christian church not only foreign but also repugnant '- demanding a definite to Moslem thought. Mohammed's ~ and speedy solution. In frequent designation of Allah as "the merciful, the compassionate," is order that we may hollow mockery. The Rev. Percy Smith, B.D., of Constantine, says: understand the situation it is essen- "The following orthodox tradition tial that we have a clear appreciation gives the character of Islam's God, and this idea domiliates and exercises of what Islam is and does. a powerful influence on all the re- ligion: 'When God resolved to The central doctrine of Moham- create the human race, He took into His hands a mass of earth, the same medanism is "the grand conception whence all mankind were to be formed, and in which they all after of one God." This has been of tre- a manner pre-existed; and having divided the clod into two equal pormendous power against idolatry and tions,' He threw the one half into hell, saying, These to eternal fire polytheism. But it is the Moslem and I care not; and projected the other half into heaven, saying, And conception of the nature of God that these to paradise and I care not.' 'J comprises its most serious and dan- gerous error. In its rigid conception of His unity, no place is found for the Trinity, that revealed truth neces- sary to the understanding of His per- sonality and the whole scheme of redemption.

The "Allah" of the Koran is an omnipotent, omnipresent despot, knowing no check to his sovereign

From this conception of God fol- physical and its torments fiendish. lows inevitably the fatalism of Islam. Two or three other citations may be "So often as their skins shall be added to show the general tenor. "There is no power or will but that well burned, we shall give them other of Allah." The Koran makes God say : "We have created for hell skins in exchange, that they may many of the ginns and men … The *** taste the sharper torment. fate of every man we have hung Let about his neck." Everything which has been or is or is to be, was, is or them taste scalding water, and corwill be because God has willed it. There is no escape. Apart from God ruption flowing from the bodies of "the rest is downright ine:-tia, and mere instrumentality, from the high- the damned, and divers other things est archangel down to the simplest atom of creation." (Palgrave.) of the same kind_" This dreadful fatalism enters into the very fiber of all Moslem thought The Moslem heaven is not only and conception; it hangs as a pall of moral asphyxiant over all Moslem grossly material, but sensual, where lands. every provision is made for the grati- "Fate" is thus the cause and the excuse of every thought, desire, fication of the physical desires and volition or act, however good or however bad. Freedom, with all lusts, without satIatlOn, forever. moral responsibility being thus excluded, the Moslem religion has, of There is not a glimmer of the New course, no adequate conception of sin, indeed no conception of sin is Testament idea, but the exact conhere possible. There is consequently no place for repentance, an atone- trary. ment, a Savior or an incarnation. The ultimate t~st of a religion, We need to glimpse another fatal error of Islam. It has no idea of however, is its results in the charthe genuinely spiritual. Its worship is pure form; fasting, prayers by acter and morals of its followers. rate, regardless of their meaning, almsgiving and pilgrimages. Even of The fundamental errors of Islam the future life it knows not that "flesh and blood can not inherit the which we have glimpsed have had kingdom of God," or that it is the guilty soul that will be unhappy or their inevitable fruitage. Like the suffer. The Moslem' hell,provided for those whom Allah himself has Allah he worships, and his prophet cr~atl!4 t9 l1e tormented there, is Mahommed, the character of the Moslem is despotic, tyrannical, cruel, heartless, treacherous and dishonest.

So recent have been the horrors com- mitted in the name and with the sanction of the Koranic teaching, that it is not necessary to give facts to substantiate most of this assertion.

But some parts of it may be covered.

"The Arabs have been called 'a na- tion of robbers.' Even Allah is de- ceived, and true to the teaching that a lie is no wrong in war, in trade or to a woman, the Moslem is an expert liar. N ever does he appear so innocent and unembarrassed as when lying, because never is he more natural." The Rev. J. C. Cook- sey, of Tunis writes: "One of the most harrowing things one discovers after sufficiently long residence here is that common faith is dead. Hence

15] ISLAM IN NORTH AFRICA 4I1

there are no Moslem banks here, common ground. The conflict is on, nor shipping, nor merchant com- and Evangelical Christendom must panies. Moslems rarely trust each meet it squarely and fully. other. They know each other too weI!." The Moslem Propaganda Mohammed not only made every Mohammedanism has occupied the provision in heaven for the sensual heart of the greatest land area of gratification of men, but he madE' earth in Asia, Africa and Europe, equal provision for them on earth. a canker in the heart of civilization. The awful treatment of women by Repulsed in Europe, it probably is Moslems in war, sanctioned by Mo- not making much progress in Asia hammed, is only too well known. I except in India, but its propaganda am assured that the recent revolt of in Africa is active and successful. the Moorish soldiery at Fez in Various considerations point to North Morocco was caused by the refusal Africa as the key to the Moslem of the French officers to permit this. situation. On the one hand, Cairo The Moslem may have only four is the center of modern Moslem eduwives at a time, it is true; but the cation, while the nerve centers and provision for divorce and the "bar- the heart of its modern missionary barous institution of servile concu- activities are in the fraternities of binage" opened the door to every Tripoli, Tunisia, Algeria and Molicense. It is the word of sober rocco. It is the thrust of this militant truth that the moral rottenness of force of Islam southward that is so Islam can not be exaggerated. What rapidly making Moslems of the milthe doctors tell as to the prevalence lions of the great Sudan and further of venel ea1 diseases is terrifying. south, and that threatens soon, unless Childhood itself can not escape. It checked, to make all native Africa is scarcely possible for either boy or Moslem. girl to grow up pure. On the other hand, it is one of This state of moral decay is C0111- those striking indications of God's mon to all Moslem lands, being the purpose and power that nowhere else most accentuated where Islam has is Mohammedanism subjected to so had undisputed sway both in religion many and so powerful disintegrating and in government for a dozen cen- influences as it has recently met in turies. So it must continue to be, North Africa, especially in Algeria for Islam is not only itself, by its and Tunisia, and henceforth will very constitution incapable of change, meet in Morocco and Tripoli. but the possibility of real progress is denied to its followers. The political and military power of Islam is broken completely not It need scarcely be added that only along the Mediterranean sea, with the exception of the teaching but in the Sahara and in the Sudan that there is but one God, the other as well. The new French African essential doctrines of Islam, and its Empire stretching from the Medimoral conceptions and practises, are terranean to the Kongo is larger diametrically antagonistic to the re- than the United States, including ligion of Jesus Christ. There is no Alaska. Already over a million

THE KAIlYLE GIRLS' CLASS AT THE METHODI S T MI SS ION, EL MATl N , KA Il YLIA, A LGERIA Europeans are settled in Algeria and the Mediterranean by railways. Al- Tunisia. Thousands more will soon ready the rail heads of two lines arc be in Morocco and Tripoli. The projected well into the desert. From proud, intolerant, fierce Barbary Tripoli, too, it is said that a .line is pirate of but yesterday, holding tens to be pushed to the German Kongo. of thousands of European Christian The French plan to join their transslaves, is conquered, and to-day is Saharan lines with the Cape to Cairo being pushed aside and hustled by this system. The trunk lines of Africa tide of European colonization. Edu- appear to be destined to run north cation is along European lines; there and south, and, chimerical as it would are numerous journals; commerce, have seemed but yesterday, the Sudan agriculture, mining and manufactur- and central Africa is to be opened ing are rapidly developing; thousands up from across the Sahara. Under of miles of splendid roads and of the shock and attrition of these great railroads already thread this great civil, political, educational and comregion; there is religious liberty and mercial forces, Islam in this part of freedom of worship. It is the end Africa also appears to be doomed, of a continent in bewildering rapid altho the accomplishment may take transition. Under the grind of these many years. It can not endure forces Islam is rapidly and surely modern education ~nd progress. The disintegrating. editor of the great French anti-Chris- tian Revue de Monde Mussulman has Moreover, France is to link up already said, "Mohammedanism IS her trans-Saharan possessions with

IN NORTH

conquered.;' But, alas, to evangelize, appears to be now striking 111 North to Christianize these multitudes IS Africa! quite another matter. Christian Missions in North Africa However, as we have seen, the way is now open. In North Africa We can not here trace the intensely to-day is the opportunity for the interesting history of the early North Christian church to attack with an African Church, the missionary laadequate missionary force under ex- bors of Raymund Lull, or the great traordinarily favorable conditions the Roman Catholic campaign during the citadel of modern Moslem 'fanaticism last half of the last century led by and missionary power in its now un- the Cardinal Lavigerie. This very protected rear; to put Islam in North brief survey must be confined to the Africa on the defensive, to check and principal work of evangelical misfinally to arrest the wave of Moslem sionaries west of Egypt. conquest spreading unresisted southward, and thus assure the conquest The first Society in the field was of Africa for Christ. If ever the the British non-denominational North clock of God's providence struck, it Africa Mission, whose Council was organized in 1883. This mission has A TEACHER AND GIRL PUPILS IN TilE' UETHODIST MISSION, ALGIERS

now sixty missionaries at work in reinforcement of present work and seventeen centers in Morocco, Al- for advance into new centers to giers, Tunisia and Tripoli. The last meet providential opportunities. mission to enter the field was the Methodist Episcopal Church of the Medical work is carried on in one United States of America, which is form or another by most of the misthe only great Protestant Church sions, and is a valuable aid. Indusdoing missionary work in this great trial work is being done at a number region. It entered the field in 19o8 of centers. Itinerating for preachas a result of an interdenominational ing and Bible distribution is done principally in Kabylia. Literary work plea made to Bishop J. c. Hartzell principally in the modern Arabic is going forward. In the large cities during the Rome Convention of the the women mIssIonaries visit the World's Sunday School Association Moslem women and girls in their in 1907. A number of missionaries homes. Classes are also held for already on the field identified them- women, and evangelistic meetings for selves with this mission, others have men. But the most common and been sent out, and it now has twenty- successful work is that among the seven missionaries and three asso- boys and girls in Sunday-schools on ciate missionaries in Moslem work, Sunday, and week-day meetings and three in European work, and six classes during the week. native agents. It has stations at Algiers, Oran, Constantine, Tunis, How Islam blights, warps and and Fort National in Kabylia. deadens the moral and spiritual na- ture has been pointed out. The Besides these two largest missions process begins very early in life. there are a number of other in- Hence it is exceedingly important to dependent societies or missions at gather children into mission homes, work, with an aggregate of ninety- or hostels, at the earliest possible three missionaries. age, to remove them from these in- fluences and place them under Christ- The principal strategic centers oc- tian care and training. This method cupied are Algiers, the capital of is slow, and at first exp~nsive; but French North Africa, a growing city in the end it will result in a better of 200,000; Oran, the "Chicago" of basis for the Christian community. North Africa, 250 miles west of for the Christian home, and also for Algiers; Constantine, a growing in- a reliable, trained and efficient inland city 280 miles east of Algiers; digenous working force. Tunis, a city of 250,000; and, in Morocco, Fez, Tangiers and Marra- At Tangier an independent Amerikash. The region of Kabylia is also can missionary has such a hostel of occupied at several points, as well as about twenty-five boys. At Djemaa a number of other places in Morocco, Sahridj, the North Africa Mission Algeria and Tunisia. has a home for girls, tho there the girls are not so completely given Thus the principal strategic points over to the mission. The American along and near the Mediterranean Methodist Episcopal Mission has are occupied, but very inadequately, given special attention to this departand additional missionaries and equipment are urgently needed both for

THE RAW MATERIAL Certainly the favorable change with- in a year or so has been remarkable. Country Arab boy, now in American :rvIelhodisrt We do not believe that legitimate Mission, Boys' Hostel at Constantine, North Afrjca work directed wisely and keeping in view the peculiar position of the ment during the past two years. It French Government here, need now was thought by many of experience fear French official opposition, much that such work would 110t be possible. less menace. Yet the number of hostels has increased to six, three for girls and The unanimous testimony of mis three for boys. In these six hostels sionaries is to the effect that Moslem there are now thirty-five boys and intolerance has weakened considertwenty-seven girls. The difficulties ably in the past few years, and the have been many. At Tunis the hostel people, particularly the children, are for boys has been the storm center becoming rapidly more and more acfor two years, and the one for girls cessible. There are boundless opporas well. A Moslem gentleman said: tunities for Christian work among "We do not mind your attempting them. to convert adults, we are not afraid of that. But we do fear and will If the Church of God will but stand resist to our utmost your getting by the missionary force in North children thus into your hostels, for Africa by its prayers, and send us they will be lost to us." Considering the missionaries and equipment the circumstances these results are needed, we not only can, but we will, very remarkable, and of great prom- by God's grace, win North Africa ise for the future. for Him, and assure the conquest of Africa for Christ! In the past the attitude of the French authorities has been frankly A MOSLEM BOY unfavorable to Christian missions, often actively hostile. But old missionaries say there has been a gradual alteration in recent years.

OF RAYMUND LULL IN CHURCH OF SAN FRANCISCO, STATUE OF RAYMUND LULL AT PALMA

PALMA, MAJORCA From book by Funk & Wagnalls, "Raymund Lull" From book by Funk & Wagnalls, "Raymund Lull"

Lull-Missionary

Moslems HIS PREDECESSORS AND HIS MESSAGE BY REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D.D., CAIRO, EGYPT IO]N the thirtieth of June tical things. If we acknowledge that the Christian Church Lull possest these three divine gifts, in all its branches will we at once place him at the front as commemorate the glori- the true type of what a missionary to ous martyrdom of Ray- Moslems should be to-day.

mund Lull at Bugia. "This man," says Dr. George His vision of the Moslem world as Smith in his "Short History of Mis- a whole, even in his day, his faith sions," "was no careless Crusader to undertake work for Mohamme- cheered by martial glory or worldly dans, his grasp of the difficulties of pleasure. H.is was not even such a the problem, its intellectual character task as that which had called forth and its spiritual aspects, and above all the courage of the men who first all, his exceeding love for those from won over Goth and Frank, Saxon whom h~ had encountered only pride and Slav. Raymund Lull preached and hatred, gave him a unique place Christ to a people with whom apos- in the history of Christian Missions tasy is death, and who had made to Moslems. Christendom feel their prowess for Lull was raised up as if to prove centuries." Frederic Perry Noble in in one startling case what the Cru- his monumental work "The Redemp- sades might have become and might tion of Africa" does not go too far have done for the world had they when he characterizes Lull as the been fought with spiritual weapons "greatest of medieval missionaries, and in the spirit of Him whose last perhaps the grandest of all mission- words from the Cross were forgive- aries from Paul to Carey and Liv- ness and peace. Dr: Eugene Stock ingstone. His career suggests those declares: "There is no more heroic of Jonah the prophet, Paul the mis- figure in the history of Christendom sionary, and Stephen the martyr."

than that of Raymund Lull, the first It has only been in recent years, and perhaps the greatest missionary however, that this missionary hero to Mohammedans." Neander in his was rescued from oblivion. He was "Church History" does not hesitate not unknown in the annals of the to compare Lull with Anselm, whom Franciscans, nor to those who had he resembled in possessing the three- studied the history of Christian mis- fold talents uncommon among men sions in the Middle Ages, nor to and so seldom found in one char- students of Catalonian literature and acter: namely, a powerful intellect, medieval philosophy, to which Lull a loving heart, and efficiency in prac- made such a large contribution. AI-

most simultaneously three biographies the twelfth and thirteenth centuries was that of the Crusades. Authority of Lull in popular form appeared in religion was exprest by the sword and by the Inquisition. The Crufrom the press, one from the Roman sades taught the Saracen at once the strength and the weakness of me- Catholic standpoint, one by a Cam- dieval Christianity. Moslem philos- ophy was in the ascendant. While bridge scholar, and the other written the Western nations were too ignorin Arabia.' ant to know the value of the treas- With what joy and surprize was I able to trace the story of this life ures of antiquity, the Saracens pre- served them by translating the works in the sources available, and cordial of the Greeks into Arabic. Yet in Spain and in the Near East there letters were received from the Bishop was a constant conflict of the mind of well as of the sword, a crusade of Majorca, in which he encouraged for the truth as well as a conflict on the Protestant missionary in his at- the battlefield; and even as there were reformers before Luther and tempt to set forth the life of this two thousand years of missions behero of Palma. I was then in igno- fore Carey, so Lull had his prede- cessors. rance of the fact that Lull had had Three little books give us brief many predecessors as missionaries to introduction to the study of this sub- ject. The German author, Kel1er2 Moslems. Altho like Sirius in the gives an outline of what was done to combat Moslem error by the leaders dark vault of heaven, he stands out of the Church. Steinschneider, in a remarkable paper for the German like a star of the first magnitl1de in Oriental Society, gives a list of the polemic and apologetic literature in the Middle Ages, there were other the Arabic language, written by Mos- lems, Jews, and Christians during lights. From the very beginning of these early centuries. But most of all we are indebted to a Danish Islam, God did not leave Himself writer, Dr. C. H. Kalkar, who in 1884 published his interesting monowithout a witness, but the story of graph on the Missionary Activity of the Church among Mohammedans these seven centuries of inward from the earliest times until the fall of Constantinople in 1453. From stmggle between those who were these books we learn that there was nearly a score of men who, by tongue philosophically converted to Islam and pen and some of them by their from the Christian churches of the 2 "Geisteskampf des Christentums gegen den Islam bis zur Zeit der Kreuzziige." (Leipzig.) N ear East, and the faithful witness by tongue and pen of those who were not ashamed of the Gospel of Christ, still remains to be written. It is true that the general missionary spirit of 1 "Raymund Lull: The Illuminated Doetor." By W. T. A. Barber. 'D.D. London. Charles H. Kelly. 1903. 2s. 6d. "Le Bienheureux Raymund LulIe." Par Marius Andre. Paris. Lecoffre. Second edition. 1900. "Raymund Lull: First Missionary to the Moslems." By S. M. Zwemer. New York. Funk & Wagnalls. 1902. 7S cents.

The first deals especially with Lull as a doctor of the schools as well as a martyr of the Church, and shows how he joined with Roger Bacon in a plea for the necessity of a complete scientific education for missionaries. The chronological summary is specially valuable. as is also the table of Lull's books. The second biography is from a Roman Catholic standpoint, and aPPeared in a collection of Lives of the Saints, published under the direction of M. Benri Joly. It contains considerable material not found in the other two biographies. The last·named biography portrays Lull as the first and greatest missionary to Moslems, and is illustrated. Translations have appeared in German (Wiesbaden: Sudan Pioneer Mission) J and in Arabic (Cairo: Nile Mission Press).

15] RAYMUND LULL-MISSIONARY TO

life-blood, testified to the truth of About the time of Raymund Lull, the Gospel among Moslems. Richard of Montecroix, also called Florentinus, prepared a number of There is no doubt that Islamic books to convince the Saracens of literature itself affords examples of the truth of the Christian faith. One such witnesses for the truth. In the of them, a refutation of the errors earliest extant biography of Moham- in the Koran, was translated by med the prophet, we learn that one Martin Luther at Wittenberg in I 540. Obeid Allah bin J ahsh, who took Hildebert, the Archbishop of Tours, refuge in Abyssinia from Mecca (II84) wrote his poem attacking after his conversion to Islam, there Islam and Mohammed, and in the became a Christian. He wrote a same spirit Raimundus Martini preletter to Mohammed and his com- pared his "Pugio fidei contre J udaeos panions calling them to the true faith et Mauros." and stating : "We now see clearly while you are still blinking in the But the Christian world of the dark." John of Damascus (754) is thirteenth century neither understood well known in church history for his nor loved the Moslems. Gross ig· polemic writings against the Saracens. norance and great hatred were joined Theodorus Abucara, a bishop in in nearly all who made any attempt Mesopotamia, was also active in pre- to describe Mohammedanism. Petrus paring literature of this character. Venerabilis (II 56) showed a differ- ent spirit. He was the first to trans- No other country in Europe was late the Koran into Latin and to in such close touch with Islam for study Islam with sympathy and good and for ill as the kingdoms of scholarship. He even made a plea Castile, Navarre, and Aragon in for translating portions of the Scrip- Spain, where there were a number ture into the language of the Sarawho were valiant for the truth; cens, and affirmed that the Koran among them Eulogius Alvarus, Per·· itself had weapons with which to fectus of Cordova (850), and especi- attack the citadel of Islam; but, ally Bernardus de Carbo, the first alas! he added the plea of the scholar martyr of the Franciscan brother- at his books: "I myself have no hood, Daniel de Belvederio, and John time to enter into the conflict." Alof Perosa, and his brother Peter. At tho he says that we are to approach the court of the caliph El Mamun in the Moslems "not with arms but Bagdad, Abdul Messiah ibn Ishaq with words; not by force but by el Kindi wrote his celebrated apolo- reason; not in hatred but in love," getic for the Christian faith, in the he himself did not go out to them.. ninth century, which has been translated during the modern missionary It was reserved for the Spanish era into a number of languages, as knight of Palma to take up the chalwell as revised and reprinted in its lenge and go out single-handed. It original Arabic. At Constantinople, was Raymund Lull who saw clearly in I 1I8, Euthymius Zigabenus busied what others had seen dimly, and who himself in writing pamphlets on the put into life· what others had only Moslem controversy and even pre- wished and hoped for. They shed pared a catechism for Mohammedans. ink; he shed his blood. "I see

THE: :M:t5SIONARY Rl:<:VIl:<:W OF T1tl:<: WORLD

many knights going to the Holy Land for the sake of promoting the com- beyond the seas and thinking that mon good and diffusing abroad the they can acquire it by force of anTIS; holy faith. I learned Arabic. I have but in the end all are destroyed be- several times gone abroad to preach fore they attain that which they the Gospel to the Saracens. I have think to have. Whence it seems to for the sake of the faith been cast me that the conquest of the Holy into prison and scourged. I have Land ought not to be attempted labored forty-five years to gain over except in the way in which Thou and the shepherds of the church and the Thine apostles acquired it, namely, princes of Europe to the common by love and prayers, and the pouring good of Christendom. Now I am out of tears and of blood." old and poor, but stiII I am intent Raymund Lull was born at Palma on the same object. I will persevere on the island of Majorca in 1235. in it till death, if the Lord permits His early life was spent in gaiety it."

and often profligacy at the court of It is not necessary here to enter King James II. of Aragon. At the into the details of his missionary age of thirty-two he saw the vision journeys, of his visits and appeals of the dying Savior and resolved to to the popes, of his controversies at devote himself entirely to Christ's Montpellier and Paris, lecturing service. Henceforth he had only one against Averroism, which held that passion. Because he was forgiven things might be true in faith that so much, he loved the more, and were false in philosophy. All this conduded that he would forsake the may be gleaned from the biographies world and give up all. Nine years mentioned. For one who lived in were' spent in retirement in a cell the Middle Ages when communica- at Mount Randa in study and in tions were difficult and dangerous, preparation for the great life task to he was a great traveler. We find which he feIt divinely called. him now at Rome, then at Genoa, This life work was threefold. He Naples, Paris, Montpellier; he took desired to devise a philosophical missionary journeys to Cyprus, Ar- system to persuade non-Christians of menia, North Africa, and some say the truth of Christianity; he wished as far as London (1305).

to establish missionary colleges for His first missionary visit to Bugia the teaching of Oriental languages in Africa was in 1306, when he was and the training of men for the seventy-one years of age. On his Moslem controversy; and most of all return he was shipwrecked at Pisa, he was filled with a passion to go but, undiscouraged, he traveled on to forth himself and preach to the MontpeIlier, to Genoa, to Avignon ; Saracens, hoping to seal his testi- spent two years in Paris, and in 131 I mony with martyrdom. Lull him- attended the Council of Vienne, self, when about sixty years old, where he secured the statute for the reviews his life in these words: founding of schools to teach mission- "I had a wife and ch'ildren; I was ary languages. In 1314 he left tolerably rich; I led a secular life. Majorca on his last missionary jour- All these things I cheerfully resigned ney, and was martyred at Bugia,

LULL-MISSIONARY TO MOSLEMS

June 30, 1315. It was at Pisa after of learning and in the writirig of his shipwreck that the man of many' books.4 Such, however, was seventy, who had risked the wrath not Lu11's wish. His ambition was of the Moslems and had faced the to die as a martyr. For ten months foul discomforts of a Moorish he dwelt in hiding, talking and pray- prison for half a year, and had just ing with his converts at Bugia, his completed the publication of his Ars one weapon the argument of God's generalis, in its final form, suc- love in Christ. At length, weary of cumbed to the temptation of his seclusion, he came forth into the times and for oncc only learned upon open market and presented himse1 f the arm of the flesh and proposed to to the people as the same man whom use secular weapons for winning the they had once expelled from their Moslem world. It is true that in town. It was Elijah showing him- this proposal he included the mis- self to' a mob of Ahabs! Lull stood sionary idea, the institution of mon- before them and threatened them asteries for studying languages, and with divine wrath if they still per- the sending out of eloquent preach- sisted in their errors. He pleaded ers, but he also advocated a new with love, but spoke plainly the order of knights who should fight whole truth. The populace filled relentless war against the Saracens. with fury at his boldness, and unable He even planned the partition .of the to reply to his arguments, seized him Saracen Empire among the states of and dragged him out of the town; Europe, and proposed that a tenth there by the command, or at least of the revenues of all the churches with the connivance, of the king, he should be devoted to this end: The was stoned. enthusiastic citizens of Pisa, as well Raymund Lull was above all things as the noble ladies of Genoa, favored a missIOnary statesman. He anhis plan and came forward with ticipated great missionary movements large gifts for the recovery of the and methods. In bis ideals of mis- Holy Land, but his project failed. sionary training, both as regards At the Council of Vienne, however, language and comparative religion, Lull rejoiced to see one portion of he was centuries ahead of his time. the labors of his' life brought to As early as 1276 he set up a school fruition. The battle for instruction for the study of Arabic at Miramar. in Oriental languages in the univer- In his plea for university training on sities of Europe had been won. He the part 6f missionary candidates his was then seventy-nine years of age. words are stilI a living message: and the last years of his life told "Conscience stings me, and comheavily even on the strong body pels me to come to you, whose disand zealous spirit. His pupils and cretion and wisdom is supremely friends desired that he should end concerned to bring about a mighty his days in the peaceful pursuit remedy-pious, meritorious, a serv- 3 An interesting account of this curious project 'He wrote in Catalan, Latin, Arabic, on almost appears in a book entitled "Cent Proje!. de Partage every subj eel. One of his biograpbers states that la Turquie." (1281-1913.) By T. G. Djuvara. 648 his works numbered 4,000. Two hundred and pp. Paris. 1914. eighty-two were catalogued by Salzinger, of Mantz in 1721.

ice pleasing to God and useful to truths of the Gospel. He attacked the whole world. I mean that here Islam with the weapons of Christian in Paris, where the spring of Divine philosophy, and in his lifelong conknowledge gushes forth, and where flict with this gigantic heresy Lull the light of the Truth shines forth 011 proved himself the Athanasius of Christian peoples, there should be the thirteenth century. He was confounded a faculty for Arabic, Tartar, vinced that truth was supreme and and Greek studies. Thus we may be that truth would conquer; that the able to learn the languages of the strength of Islam was its pride and adversaries of God; and that our ignorance, and this could only be learned men, by preaching to them overcome by the humility of love and and teaching them, may by the sword by education. of the truth overcome their falsehoods and restore to God a people We can best close this sketch of as an acceptable offering, and may Lull's life and give his message to convert our foes and His to friends." our times in his own words. His writings are so voluminous, so full He also inaugurated what might of brilliant thoughts and fervent well be called a missionary educa- aspirations that it is difficnlt to make tional movement for the common a wise choice. Everywhere we find people. He was one of the first to glorious watchwords for the new use the colloquial for literary effort spiritual crusade against Islam in the rather than Latin. Some one has twentieth century. How up-to-date called him the Moody of the Middle is this prayer! Ages. In Catalan he prepared for his fellow believers collections of "Lord of heaven, Father of all hymns, a poem on the hundred names times, when Thou didst send Thy of God (probably arranged in imi- Son to take upon Him human nature, tation of the Moslem rosary), a book He and His apostles lived in outof the miracles of heaven and earth, ward peace with Jews, Pharisees, and and most important of all, his famous other men; for never by outward religious romance, "Blanquerna," violence did they capture or slay which constantly reminds us by an- any of the unbelievers, or of those ticipation of Bunyan's "Pilgrim's who persecnted them. Of this out- Progress." ward peace they availed themselves to bring the erring to the knowledge In the third place he might truly of the truth and to a communion of be called the originator of the lay- spirit with themselves. And so after men's missionary movement during Thy example should ChrisDians COI1the Middle Ages. He did not belong duct themselves toward Moslems,· to the religious orders. He was not but since that ardor of devotion trained in their schools; he did not which glowed in apostles and holy follow their methods. Bis whole men of old no longer aspires us, love spirit was one of independence and and devotion through almost all the even of criticism. The story of his world have grown cold, and therelife is the story of a noble struggle fore do Christians expend their against ecclesiasticism, a struggle for efforts far more in the outward thalt freedom and for the fundamental in the spiritual conflict."

1 51 RAYMUND LULL-MISSIONARY TO

In speaking of private morals Lull the world in quest of Thee, if when says: "The most general vice is they have come back from their pilacce·dia. not doing what might be grimage they return again to sin and done, not living up to one's oppor- folly." tunities." His passion for the truth was supreme. "Let Christians," he "He who would find Thee, 0 Lord, says, "consumed with a burning love let him go forth to seek Thee in for the cause of faith, but consider love, loyalty, devotion, faith, hope, that since nothing has power to with- justice, mercy, and truth; for in stand the truth, which by the strength every place where these are, there of arguments is mighty over all art Thou." things, they can, with God's help and by His might, bring back the infidels "The image of the crucified Christ to the way of faith; so that the is found much rather in men who precious name of the Lord Jesus, imitate Him in their daily walk than which is in 1110st regions of the in the crucifix made of wood." world still unknown to the majority of men, may be proclaimed and "He who loves not, lives not. He adored; and this way of converting who lives by the life can not die." infidels is easier than all others. For to the infidels it seems a difficult and "He who bestows on his friend his dangerous thing to abandon their love, gives more than treasures of own belief for the sake of another; gold." "He who gives God can give hut it will be impossible for them nothing more." not to abandon, for the sake of that which is true and necessary, the "The spirit longs after nothing as faith which is proved to them to be it does after God. No gold is worth false and self-contradictory." so much as a sigh of holy longing."

What a life of joy he lived! But he was also a true ascetic, and "Honor and reverence be to Thee, 0 in his eighty-first year his prayer for Lord God, who hast given so great the crown of martyrdom was glorigrace to Thy servant that his heart ously fulfilled. Who follows in his swims in .rejoicing and gladness as a train? fish swims in the sea; and because delight and gladness come to him, 0 "If it were pleasing to Thee that Lord, when he considers that Thou Thy servant should go through the art in existence. squares and streets and villages and towns proclaiming Thy truth and the "0 King of kings, lofty and noble falsity of the unjust, and should Lord, when I think of eternal life have no fear of hunger or thirst, nor and consider it, then, 0 Lord, am I of death, then would he know himfull and covered with joy within and self to be remembered in the pity of without, and am as full of joy as his God." the sea is of water." "Oh, long-suffering and pitiful He was a true mystic. "How little Lord! many a time have I trembled with fear and cold. When will the profits it the pilgrims to roam thrQugh day and hour come when my body will tremble for the great warmth of love and ardent longing, and delight in dying for its Creator and Savior."

MALAY WOMEN-YOUTH AND MIDDLE-AGE

MALAYSIA, SHOWING MISSION STATIONS

A Day of Opportunity in Malaysia BY CHAS. E. G. TISDALL, SINGAPORE, STRAITS SETTLEMENTS IlZ~~~~1 HERE is, perhaps, no pelago; the Society for the Propa-' Moslem field in the gation of the Gospel Missions in the world to-day that of- Straits Settlements, Fed!'!rated Malay fers greater opportu- Straits, and Borneo; the Brethr~n's nities for winning Mo· Mission; the English Presbyterian hammedans to Christ Mission, and the Seventh Day Ad- ventists. than are found in Malaysia. At the same time, be it said to the .shame "Surely, having all these," an outof Christendom, there are no Mos- sieler might say, "there is no need to lem people for whom less is being start another," but the fact ;:;;. tb.3~ all done than for 'the Malays. It is true of these missions, with the single exthat there are large missions 111 ception of the Society for the Propa- Malaysia. Among these are the gation of the Gospel Medical Mission Rhenish Mission in North Sumatra for Malay women at Malacca, devote and Southeast Borneo; the Methodist their energies almost entirely to work Episcopal Mission of America, with among the Chinese, Indians, Battaks, its huge Anglo-ChInese schools for and Dyaks, and leave: the Malays both boys and girls in Singapore, alone. The Arabian Mission, with 'a Malacca, Penang, Ipoh, and many few devoted workers who could be branches in Java, Sumatra, Borneo, counted on the fingers of one hand, and other large islands of the archi- with a difficult language to learn,

A MALAY HOUSE IN SUMATRA tried for vears t~ gain a footing :Iec1ical Mission, and tlw colporteurs among a bigoted, fanatical people, of the British and Foreign Bible Sowho knew their own religion well , ciety. and hac! all the stock arguments against Christianity at their fingers' Turn to Dorneo and, with the exends. But this little band of faithful ception of the Rhenish Mission in Christians, who worked for years in the south, not one Christian missionrented houses, wi th~u t churches, hos- ary is working among the Malays. pitals, or schools of their own, have The islands in the Riau Straits, and now, after t~venty-five years, a strong almost the whole of the huge island 1111SSIOn with many workers, fine of Sumatra, are in the same neglectbuildings for churches, hospitals, and ed condition. Year after year passes, schools. ""hat hath God wrought ?" and yet no missionary of Christ is But while praising Him for I-lis g reat sent to these millions of a 1110st lovwork there, why not pray that the able race for whom Christ died. same thing may be repeated among the Malays. A re there no more men N ow is the day of opportunity, for and womcn of like spirit who will the Malays know little or nothing of come forward and do for a :Ialay :fohammedanis111, .and are, theremission what. under God, Samuel fore, not fanatical or bigolecl. They Zwemer and his associates have clonc are ready to listen to the Gospel ill Arabia? message, and with a strong mission, might be won for Christ in a few I n the ll alay I'cninsula alonc .'ears time. This state of things is there are more than I,ooo,OOO ::IaJays, not likely to last long, for their conamong whom there is not one Chris- version will SOOI1 become as difficult tian missionary, with the exception a problem as it is with other Mosof two or three bdies at the :lalacca lems. Vhat is making this change? For one thing~ the I I ,000 pilgrims

5] A D''Y OF OPPORTUNITY IN

SOME MALAY AND TAMIL BOYS IN ,fALY"L A hot lunch for a cent whel-eve." you are who go annually from this part of the beginning to come to Malaysia, men world to Mecca, return as mission- well able to teach and preach Islam, aries of pan-Islamisll1 to prejudice and unlike the ignorant Arab priests all whom they meet against everything from who111 the Malays have learned Christian. Malay newspapers print, in the past. Only recently I met an week by week, from the Egyptian Indian engineer who has gone to journals, translations of articles well work on the east coast of the llalay calculated to arouse the natives' ani- Peninsula-a man who will do an mosity against everything Christian immense amount of harm in places and everything British as well. where there is not one Christian mis- Hatred toward {ill non-Mohamme- sionary to Chinese, Indians, or Madans, as an Islamic virtue, is being lays. Vhy is it that a Moslem, gradually instilled into the Malays. working for his living as a merchant and in a few years they will not be or as a professional man, is a k!=en as accessible as to-day. llllsslonary, whereas Europeans in like positions often do more harm Educated men from India are also

than good to the cause of Christ? mens are under instruction for bap- An American Methodist, in charge tism."

of a mission school at Medan, Su- The wonderful increase in the matra, writes: "Scattered through sales of Scriptures by the cr>lporthis vast region are multitudes who teurs of the British and Foreign Bible have never peard of Christ, but who Society among. the Moslem Malays are rapidly learning the faIth of Mo- shows how ready these people are to hammed. At tbis rate, M~hamme­ receive Christian teaching. danism will soon be the religion of Sumatra. It is now a race between Language Copies the Cross and the Crescent, and the one which gets to the ears and hearts 19II 1912 1913 of the people first will be the ruling 17,230 faith. What will the Christian Malay (Arabic) 10,70 9 13,500 15,930 churches at home do about the mat- Malay (Roman) IO,OIl II,223 40 ,947 ter ?" Javanese ……. 14,155 26,499 But can the Malays be converted to Christianity? Let me quote from For about twenty-five years, the the letter of an English lady mis- seed has been faithfully sown all sionary, who writes: "In Java, in over the field by the agents and na- 1906, there were 18,000 converts from tive colporteurs, who are the only Islam to Christianity, and from 300 Christians that many thousands of to 400 are added to this number an- the Malays ever see. Missionaries nually. In Sumatra, the work car- ought to be sent out to water the ried on has been mainly among the seed and to reap the harvest. Batak tribe's, which have not yet been won over to Mohammedanism, Are there not stewards of God's yet even here 6,500 converts have wealth in England or America who been gathered from among the Mos- will help some mission begin and lems themselves, and 1,150 catechu- carryon a work among the Malays at once? This is a wonderful op- portunity, which must, before long, pass away.

THE FORCES MAKING FOR' UNION ON THE FIELDS The reason why church union is progressing more rapidly on the foreign field than at home, is because of the heavier burden borne by Christian workers in non- Christian lands. The work there is vaster, the problems are more urgent and discomfiting, the foes to be met and vanquished are more numerous and formidable, the result being that the representatives of different communions are forced into cooperative enterprises and forms of fellowship from which they would have shrunk in a Christian land. The non-Christian vineyard is so vast and the laborers are so few, that instinctively men draw together in spite of the barriers which logically ought to keep them apart. The power of arduous work for God to knit together separated hearts is nowhere so magnificently exhibited as in the foreign field, and they are, no doubt, true prophets who declare that it is the foreign missionary who is to teach the churches at home the blessedness and power of a united church.

-REV. CHARLES E. JEFFERSON, D.D.

MEMBERS OF THE POCKET TESTAMENT LEAGUE SHOWING THEIR

With Christ Among British Troops CHRISTIAN EFFORT AMONG THE MEN ON THE BATTLEFIELD AND IN TRAINING FOR THE WAR OF THE NATIONS BY J. KENNEDY MACLEAN, LONDON, ENGLAND ( gI T was a strange world response. Dormant qualities burst in- ~ upon which Great Brit- to life in a moment, and men who one . ain looked out on the day were content to drag out a com- morning of August 5, monplace existence at the desk, or ~ 19I4, for the dark cloud the counter, found themselves on the of war, which for sev- next marching to the camp and the eral days had been hanging over the training-ground with a new light in' nation, had burst as the midnight hour their eye and a new purpose in their tolled out in the silence, and the coun- heart. try was actually at war with Germany. Only for an hour or two were there As if a magician's wand had workany signs of panic; then, shaking off ed a series of miracles, military camps its nervousness, the nation settled suddenly and mysteriously came into down to prepare itself in earnest for being all over the land, and as fast the grim struggle. The call for men as men joined the colors they were was sounded, and the nation's man- drafted off to some training-ground, hood sprang up in ready and eager there to begin that steady and serious preparation for the battlefields of the

Continent which seems destined to movement, clothed with the garments prove such an important factor in the of service and of power. shaping of national destinies for gen- erations to come. To-day, after eight or nine months of war, the Y. M. C. A. is doing its When the first excitement had given useful and valuable work in practically pl;ace to a calmer view of things, it every training'-camp in the country; was obvious that the coming together at the great military bases on the Con- of such vast numbers of men created tinent it is ministering to the needs, problems from the standpoint of re- physical and spiritnal, of the country's ligion that must be handled without fighting forces; its buildings and work- a moment's delay. Vithin a week ers are with the troops on the burning or two hundreds of thousands of men sands of Egypt under the shadow of were under canvas, and it was imper- the eternal Pyramids, and in India ative that their spiritual interests also it is in step with the men who should receive adequate attention; are taking their share in the defense With splendid patriotism and states- of the Empire. Altogether, over 700 manship the Young Men's Christian centers have been established. In the Association led the way in rising to summer and autumn months canvas meet the need of the hour. ' tents flew the Association's banner, but as the colder weather came on For some years past, the Associa- buildings of a more solid and substan- tion had accompanied the Territor- tial character became necessary, and ials (the British voluntary citizen these were er~ctecl to supersede the Army) when they went into camp for tents. To build and equip these "huts," their annual training, and thus had as they are called-in Scotland they firmly established itself with the mili- go by the name of "institute"~the tary authorities as a social and spirit- public have subscribed over $r,500,000. ual force of high value. But it was Some of the huts have cost as much as a much larger undertaking to dot the $4,000, but a fairly good type of build- country with tents flying' the flag of ing has been built for $r,50o. Where the Y. M. C. A. in every military camp. the troops are billeted in towns the Had it not been for the faith and the Y. M. C. A. rents some existing buildcourage of several leaders of the move- ing suitable for the purpose. In some ment, this ideal would never have places the strangest buildings have passed beyond the region of dreams. been prest into service. I have seen .The scheme was without precedent. old cowsheds transformed in a few It was beyond the reach of the move- hours into comfortable recreation- ment. The money to make it pos- rooms; in stables, horses have given sible would never be obtained, in view place to men; laundries, hop-oasts, of the tightening of finance because barns, factories, and breweries are at of the war. These arguments had to this hour giving welcome shelter to be answered by the more daring spirits thousands of troops who, with comgifted with the imagination that trans- mendable good nature and adaptabillates impossibilities into actualities. ity, are making the best of their cir- Vell was it that the forward policy cumstances and smiling in the midst carried the day, for in launching that of their quaint experiences. policy the Y. M. C. A. started a new

CHRIST AMONG BRITISH TROOPS 43

All ranks and classes have contrib- partments, and so deep is the conl1l1ted. K ot only have the titled classes dence reposed in its work. corne forward with financial assistance but many of them are rendering A little while ago, I stood under the personal service both in the homeland stars on Salisbury Plain. Tiny spots and on the ·Continent. The King and of light here and there indicated the Queen have taken a keen personal in- huts in which the troops ullder trainterest in the work, and have 011 sever- ing were sheltere(1 for the night; al occasions visited and inspected the ghostly flgures passed llS in the darkhuts. The military authorities put ness; a sense of loneliness, of desoevery facility in the way of the lation, seemed to hang over the place, and it was only relieved when we 1 SCENE IN A TYPICAL Y. M. C. A. TENT Association, and altho I am not turned to the center in charge of the at liberty to state the amount, there Y . M. C. A., full of soldiers, well- is no objection to my saying that lighted, and admirably equipped for the War Office has paid over several the convenience of the men under large sums to assist the building arms. In that haven from the cold- and maintenance of the vanous ness and the blackness of the night . centers. Nothing has been more the best influences were at work, and remarkable than the confidence re- the men 011 whose behalf the work posed in the Association by the was done realized that they were sur- Government and its officials. It rounded by friends who cared for seems as if the Y. M. C. A. had become their bodies and souls. I wondered an arm 0 f the service, so close is its what the men would do if no such connection with the Government de- place existed, and I have tried to

imagine the same thing at other times drew aI!, and the condition of the when visiting various parts of the weather on the Continent prevented country, and seeing the same com- any great movement on the part of forting and healing forces in- opera- either the aIIied forces or the enemy, tion. Without the ministry of the the way opened up for similar effort Y. M. C. A., the troops would most in France. Recognizing the value of certainly have lost'in efficiency, and the work, the military authorities thus the movement has been render- gave permission for the erection of ing-and still is rendering-a national large wooden buildings at the imservice of the highest value. This is portant military bases on the Connot by any means my own opinion tinent, and at these the Y. M. C. A. only; it is the view of all who are has been established since before acquainted with the facts of the case. Christmas, with the happiest results. In Egypt, also, the Association is The buildings erected by the Y. M. represented by tents and workers. C. A. are at the service of all the soldiers for reading and recreation pur- The spiritual side of the work is poses, and also for the sale of tea, in steady progress all the time-more coffee, buns, chocolates, and cigarets. enthusiastically in some places than Most of the workers are rendering in others, but in them all with a most voluntary service, and in their ranks praiseworthy earnestness and devoare to be found clergymen and minis- tion. Every night, after the "singters, professional and business men, song," or concert, family worship is as well as many ladies who come for observed, while evangelistic meetings certain hours of the day and render are frequently held, and every Sunwhatever help they can. In addition, day the religious exercises are, of the Association sells stamps to the course, on a larger scale. A decided men, posts and collects their letters, impetus to definite soul-winning work provides them with writing-paper and has been imparted by the methods of envelops free of charge, takes care of the Pocket Testament League, about their money for them, attends to which I shall have something to say their laundry, and in many other presently. ways looks after their interests. In one place I found a college profes- Other societies and organizations sor, who had obtained leave of ab- have followed the splendid lead of sence for a year, working his hardest the Y. M. C. A., and are helping to to help the men under arms, and in make the lot of the troops in trainother centers titled people have taken ing as happy and comfortable as postheir places bebind the counter and sible. The Soldiers' Christian Assobecome the willing servants of the ciation exists for the purpose of men in khaki. laboring among the soldiers at home and abroad, with the view of win- For the first few months of the ning them to Christ, and it has bewar the good services of the Y. M. hind it a record of admirable ser- C. A. were strictly limited to the vice. But since the war brOKe out, . homeland, and that was enough to its activities have been quickened and tax all the resources of the move- extended to different camps throughment; but when the winter months out the country: Both the Salvation

CHRIST AMONG BRITISH TROOPS

Army and the Church Army are ing a useful part in the healing of the marching in step with the army, on wounded warriors. foreign service as well as at home. The Salvation Army's long arm of The Open-Air Mission is ~nother usefulness among the King's forces society which is doing much to circles the world- in South Africa, brighten the lot of the soldiers in the Australia, New Zealand, Canada, In- camps, and is also conducting a helpdia, Egypt, and in scores of centers ful ministry among the German prisin the homeland. Officers and mem- oners in England. One of this so- ciety's bUIldings near a great military .SALVATION ARMY MOTOR AMBULANCES AT THE DISPOSAL OF THE BRITISH ARMY bers of the Salvation Army also camp has been appropriately named raised subscriptions among them- the "Welcome," which is proving not selves and sent a dozen beautifully only a place where many a man is equipped motor-ambulances to the finding the Savior, but is also a meet- Continent for the transference of the ing-place for many who are Chriswounded soldiers to and from the tians. There they find their own hospitals. The Church Army, too, company. Mr. Frank Cockrem, the has rendered valuable help among secretary of the society, says that it the troops preparing for the front, is a common sight to see a group of and in the north of France there is. a the<;hristiall.l11~ in. one corner. of Church Army hospital which is play- the hall gathered round. the Word .of

God-no undue noise, no song-sing- The Pocket Testament League, ing, the men acting just as they would which has been introduced to our act at home. Gospel services are held fighting forces, is perhaps the most every evening, and almost every day perfect soul-winning instrument in men are coming out on the Lord's existence. The League has distrib- side. Then they return to their huts uted hundreds of thousands of Tes- to witness for H il1l. One young sol- taments since the war started. Every dier who had accepted the Savipr recipient first promises to carry the went to his hut and began to tell his Testament always with him and to comrades about it. Then he knelt read at least one chapter each day.

down beside his bed to pray. When That is the starting-point. The goal he got up from ,his knees, one of the is decision for Christ. In the League men said, "Why don't you let us Testament there is a form of mem- hear you pray?" "Very well," he re- bership which' is signed by the per- plied; "if you kneel down, I will." son accepting the .little book. The The men did as requested, and then, way of life, also, is clearly explained, as he knelt in their midst, the young and another form invites signature convert, in broken language mingled when the will and heart have been with sobs, poured out his heart to yielded to God.

God. Conversions have been numer- See how the various steps may lead ous, and it invariably happens that up to the definite decision. Give a when once a man takes his stand on Testament to some one on the un- the side of Christ he goes to work to derstanding that he will join the win his companions. ' Among the League, and when he signs his name wounded German prisoners the rep- to this effect, you have found an resentatives of the Open-Air Mission opening for personal dealing. You also distribute Gospels printed in Ger,- point him to the way of life so simply man, and these are received with explained in the book, and when the much gratitude. great decision has been made, ask The Scripture Gift Mission and the him to register it on the page set Pocket Testament League are two apart for that purpose.

other agencies that are spreading the Some months ago I was present 'Vord of God among the soldiers, and' at the inauguration of the movement are ,reaping wonderful fruit. The among the soldiers. Mr. Charles M.

former publishes the New Testament Alexander, the famous leader of gos- in many languages, and since the war peJ-song, moved by the great need of began has been sending its little definite work among the troops, spent books to Russia, Austria, and other a few days in visiting the camps on countries, while at the same time the broad expanses of Salisbury widely distributing them among the Plain, and the fire which he then sailors and soldiers of Great Britain. kindled spread rapidly to other The Testaments given to the soldiers places. In a few weeks over IO,OOO contain a special message from the soldiers joined the League, and more late Lord Roberts, while the book for than 3,000 of these definitely accept- the navy has a message written by ed Christ. That was only a begin- Admiral J ellicoe. ning. To-day the League and its

soul-winning methods have been Christian leader' who commands the adopted not only in Y. M. C. A. and respect of all classes . Since then he other camps, but by many Christian has been visiting the Scottish camps, workers, who have realized their accompanied by one or two earnest value from personal experience. The friends, and a few days ago he wrote movement is making its influence felt to say that in the period named more over a wide area. Multitudes of than I2,000 soldiers have joined the other workers are using the little Tes- League, ami more than 7.000 have detament and follow the methods of the clared their willingness to make the Lc:ague. ill Egypt, in France, and in great decision. That is a record for A CAMP NEAR T HE GREAT PYRAMIDS OF EGYPT, WHEJ{E Yo Jool. C. A. :lEETINGS ARE HELD other countries, and the story which which every Christian heart will most they all tell is the same-that God is sincerely thank God . The work is using His own Word in a wonderful still spreading in all directions. way to bring men to ,the place of full and complete surrender. What the country will be like after the war none can tell, and it would The success of the League's opera- be idle to attempt a prophecy. But tions is not confined to one place or this much is certain, that many to one country. Given a fair trial, branches of the Church of Christ the movement works well everywhere. have risen nobly to their present op- Just two months ago, Mr. George T. portunities, and what they have been B. Davis, the international secretary able to do in the Master's name durof the League, left London for Scot- ing a period of unprecedented stress land, on the urgent invitation of Sir amI anxiety will be long and lov- Joseph P. Maclay, one of the mer- ingly remembered by those in whose chant princes of Glasgow, and a interests t~ey have toiled.

Highest Form of

BY W. E. DOUGHTY, NEW YORK Educational Secretary. Laymen's Missionary Movement ( gT BE deepest need of the the calls for vicariou~ness that genuine Church is for a fresh prayer implies.

, discovery of God. If . . the Church is to break Three Forms of Prayer ~ up and overcome the A simple classification, and suf- .. " inertia and unbelief at ficient for practical purposes, is that there are thre~ kinds of prayer, comhome, and if she is to win back the lost fronJiers and capture the uncon- munion, petition and intercession.

quered citadels in the non-christian As S. D. Gordon says, "Communion world, she must have a deeper, fuller, and petition store the life with the freer, richer life in Christ.. power of God; .intercession lets it out Bow then are men to unlock the on behalf of others.': treasures of the heavenly world? The Many limit prayer to communion answer is threefold. with God. To some prayer is a brood- First, there must be a new return ing, a dream, a reverie and nothing to the fountains of unsullied truth more. We agree with Tennyson that in the Bible. Jesus Christ never be- "Solitude is the mother country of the comes or remains real to men who strong," but that is not all that real cease the study of the Book. One of prayer implies. There is much about the tragic facts about the life of our God that can never be learned or day is that many men have lost the experienced except as men join Him Bible out of their lives. The first in the spiritual conflict with evil which great recovery is a recovery of the intercession implies.

Word of God. Often it is said thhiagthessutbmatitsistiuodn~. acquiescence, is the Second, men must be led to see that the missionary enterprise should be a of the soul. If submission means personal objective and ministry to obedience to the will of God this must every disciple of Jesus Christ. The always be the position taken by right- world will never be evangelized by eous men. All true prayer must of 'preaching from the pulpit alone. It necessity revolve around the will of will be evangelized by the living God. A genuine intercessor must al- testimony of men in the trades and ways be able to say: professions, in the market-places and highways. "Not Thy gifts I seek, 0 Lord; Not Thy gifts but Thee. Third, there must be a rediscovery What were all Thy boundless store Without Thyself, what less or more? of the place and power of prayer in Not Thy gifts, but Thee."

the spread of Christianity with all the unwithholding consecration, with all Feb~uary, • An address delivered at the Southern Presbyterian Laymen's Conventions at CharIott N e d Dallas, Texas, 1915. e, .., an This is, however, far from the pray without ceasing, if there is no whole truth. Those who assert that reality in prayer, and if it is not a submission is the highest attitude a great iaw of God's working for the soul can take toward God often make redemption of the world. The Bible a pious phrase a substitute for the often asserts and everywhere asmoral and spiritual conflict which in- sumes that prayer has power to tercession includes, and without which change things, that something really no man can grow into virile man- happens when men pray aright. In hood. If the biographies of all the Christ's teaching prayer is never vague men of achievement in prayer, whether aspiration, but involves the putting in the Bible or in modern times, were fortn of vital energy divinely intended fully written, vastly more would be to secure definite and unmistakable said about importunity than about sub- results. Prayer is not passive, it is mission. Dr. P. T. Forsyth well says active. I t is the kinetic energy of on this point: "We say too often 'Thy the soul applied to the highest tasks wil! be done' and too ready accept- in the Kingdom. ance of this wilt often mean feebleness and sloth. Prayer is an act of "Suppli.cation Working" will much more than of sentiment, and its triumph is more than acqui- The Epistle of James was written escence. The popularity of much ac- by a very practical man, and of all the practical suggestions he makes quiescence in things as they are is not none is more compelling than that because it is holier but because it is found in chapter five, verse sixteeneasier." "The supplication of a righteous man availeth much in its working." Here What Is Interceuipn? is an expression fu!'l of energy so al- luring to modern men of action. His 1. Intercession is the world's most thought seems to be that prayer puts forces at the disposal of God to be powerful, practical, human working applied by Him to definite tasks. force. Prayer does not change the will of God but it enables God to change the Service, the givil)g of money, the wills of men. Prayer does not persending out of missionaries, represent suade God, but it gives God a power the going forth of the life of the to bring to bear on men to persuade Church. Intercession is no less a put- them. Power belongeth unto God. ting forth of its vital energy. Prayer is the miracle of potentiality. All prayer is directed to Him, and the Let it be frankly admitted that putting forth of vital energy, which there are mysteries in prayer that is a central truth about intercession, have not yet been satisfactorily ex- releases forces which God can and plained, which have not yet been fully does use to accomplish definite and met, but while this is granted it can practical ends. Applying this thought not be denied that prayer is a great, to revivals, Nolan R. Best says, living reality among the working "Men planning for revivals ask forces of. the achieving Christia~ money and organization to bring leadership of all time. It is inconceivable that God should ask his children to cry day and night, to continue stedfastly III prayer, to

their plans to pass. God asks only patient teaching, what stern reproof, prayers. He can have a revival any- what changed housing conditions in where if He may have but enough a heathen city, what revolutionized prayers of the right kind to work habits, what breaking loose from old with." If prayer is a veritable dynamo relationships, what readj ustment of of power why is so little accomplished? life's plans! Yet here is a man who Is not the answer the fiery word of believes that intercession ha's power the same James, "Ye have not because to influence and change all these ye ask not" (James iv, 2) ; or Lecatis~ things. Ife proves his faith by selfishness makes the answer impos~ spending his time and strength in sible: "Ye ask 'and receive 110t, be- prayer. Happy the church or city cause ye ask amiss that ye may con- that has a modern Epaphras to set sume it on your own pleasures." free by intercession for the redemp- (J ames iv, 3.) The truth is that there tion of men the powers of the heavis all too little of this laborious toil in enly world. prayer. As Andrew Murray re'minds us, "If the amount of true wrestling Intercession has been a powerful with Goel in the daily life of the factor in calling out and causing to average Christian could be disclosed, sink into the life of the world all the the wonder might be not that he ac- great spiritual movements the world complishes so little, but that God is has ever seen. The revivals in the willing to use him at all." When we Old Testament, the spiritual quickcome home at night from work for enings in Germany, the vVesleyan re- God too tired to pray we have robbed vival, the Velsh revival, the modern God of that which He needed 1110St Pentecost in Korea, the awakening in to bring things to pass. The field of India, all these have been preceded yictory in prayer is trodden hard by and accompanied by special faiththe repeated harges of warriors who fulness in prayer. Every great crisis turn not back in the face of difficulty in the history of Christianity which and danger. has been successfully met has been met because of deep devotion to "Striving in Prayer" prayer. Trace back all these streams of blessings to their sources and you In a few swift strokes Paul gIVes come soon or late to groups of us a portrait of Epaphras, one .of his praying saints or to some lone 1110St powerful fellow workers. (Col. watcher on the hills to whom prayer i, 7, iv, 12-I3.) . The distinguishing is the most powerful method of work of Epaphras was his "striving working. in his prayers." "He hath much labor." Vhat was the object which II. Jntercessiol1 lS the decisive huled him to undertake the exhausting man factor in the spiritual conflict. labor of intercession? The answer is that the Colossians might "stand That we are in the midst of an inperfect and complete in all the will of tense spiritual conflict needs no proof. God." Vhat conflicts such a result That in the midst of the conflict for presupposes! What Christlike love the control of the planet God still and no. less Christlike warfare! What has to wonder that there is no inter- cessor, is evidence of much lack of prayer on that part of the Church.

HIGHEST FORM OF SERVICE

"Salvation Through Your Supplication" would learn this lesson, Christ could, In his struggle for the spiritual perhaps, pass over slow-moving, pain- mastery of Rome anel for victory in ful centuries in the history of the ex- his imprisonment, Paul points out pansion of the faith and swiftly de- the two decisive factors. (Phil. i, liver the Kingdom up to his Father. r9.) The decisive divine factor is '''Write thi~ for a memorial in a "The supply of the spirit of Jesus book" (Ex. xvii, 14), that interces- Christ." The decisive human factor sion is the decisive human factor in is "Your supplication." It is incon- God's war for righteousness and re- ceivable that Paul should depend so demption.

confidently on the prayers of believ- There is another intercession scene ers did he not know that interces- in the life of Moses, even more mov- sIOn has power. ing than the one just mentioned. (Ex.• .xxxii.) This was a battle, not with How Two Battles Were Won a foreign foe like Amalek, but with A fierce battle was at its crisis. sin in the lives of his brethren. Here· (Ex. xvii, 8-r6.) The odds were is where the heart-strain is hardest, very great. Far-reaching issues hung dealing with sin in those we love.

on the way the battle went. Inter- While Moses was on the mount, re- cession was the pivot on which vic- ceiving the law from God, Israel tory turned. Joshua was in the thick turned to idolatry. The very life of of the battle on the plain; Moses and the nation was at stake. Stern meas- Aaron and Hur, the intercessors, ures were necessary, and again Mo~es were in the thick of the battle on the turns to intercession and pleads with hill alone with God. ·While interces- God for forgiveness for Israel (v.

sion continuecI, victory was assured. 31-32). "If thou wilt forgive their When it ceased, the tide turned to S111. This seems so impossible with- defeat. Given a J()shua to lead the out a supreme sacrifice that Moses battle, a Moses and his helpers in breaks off suddenly, and adds the intercession, and no .-maJek can pre- very highest note in intercession: "If vail. If in our day the Church could not, blot me, I pray Thee, out of realize the significance of that scene thy book which Thou hast written."

on the hill as the decisive factor in Here was what Nolan R. Best the conflict on the plain, the shout of phrases "Fiery re~olt and terrific out- victory would reverberate everywhere cry."* Prayers that are nebulous along the battle-line. The battle goes amI nerveless get no answer, but in- against the Church when intercession tercession that draws vitality from fails. The key to victory is some the soul works miracles in the spiri- Moses, supported on either side by tual world. The 33d chapter of Exo- his brethren, entering into the life of dus records the continuance of the intercession. Any spiritual or mis- intercession. God's tenderness with sionary movement will die out when Moses there mentioned is eloquent this fire burns low so that there is testimony to the wonders wrought, only whitened ashes where there and God's approval of Moses' pray- should be the leaping flames. If only ers.

a sufficient number of battling saints • "Beyond the Natural Order,'· page 23.

"By Nothine Save By Prayer" Prayer," and it is earnestly urged that this book be read frequently and Look at the desperate case of the studied always with the open Bible epileptic boy. (Mark IX, 14-29 in hand. R. V.) The disciples were de- feated. They sought explanations. Christ constantly prayed. (Mark "How is it that we could not i, 35; Luke v, 16; Luke vi, 12; Matt. cast it out?" The answer is most xiv, 23; _Luke ix, 18; Luke ix, 28- startling. Let us not quibble and 29.) The burden of his prayer is try to obscure the plain meaning of for others, as is so powerfully re- Jesus by some mystical interpretation vealed in John xvii, where Christ which has no practical relation to life. prayed for the oncoming centuries Here Christ speaks the word which and the world-conquering Church. explains much of the lack of power That chapter is the cathedral of the in the modern church. "This kind New Testament. Christ considered can come out by nothing save by prayer more important than public prayer." Intercession was the deci- speech, as is shown by the fact that sive human factor in the conflict. If his profoundest concern for his the faith of the churches in our day preachers was that they be men of were only vigorous enough to take in prayer. His lessons were not at all this word of the living Christ, what on how to preach, but often on how devils might be cast out of modern to pray. (Matt. vi, 5-15; Matt. society! Christ here asserts the fact XVIll, 19-20; Luke xi, 1-13; Luke that there is only one human minis- xviii, 1-16.) Teaching and healing try of the Church which releases were less urgent than prayer with enough spiritual energy ta meet the our Lord, for when the multitudes great practical issues of the King- were pressing Him for healing and dom victoriously, and that ministry teaching, He withdrew to pray. (Luke is intercession. If prayer has no vir- v, 15-16.) Sleep and rest are gifts tue except its helpful reaction on of God, but not so necessary as in- . the life of him who prays, if it tercession, for they were both sac- changes nothing, Jesus' words throw rificed when urgent needs arose. us back into hopeless unbelief. Such (Mark i, 35; Luke vi, 12.) Christ intercession as is here mentioned by states only one method of securing our Lord is not simply a repetition workers, and that method is inter- of pious words. It is not interces- cession. (Matt. ix, 38.) sion at all if it does not send the in- tercessor out with heart hot with in- Jesus te'ches that it is on prayer dignation and with inflexible pur- that some of the promises wait their pose to fight evil to the .end. But fulfilment. If this is not true, why once again let it be repeated, it is does Jesus say, "Ask and ye shall re- prayer which is the decisive human ceive, seek and ye shall find, knock fattor in casting the devil out. How and it shall be opened unto you?" central this theme is in the teaching (Luke xi, 9-10.) Intercession is not of our Lord is very strongly brought simply a placid asking, or even an out in such books as Andrew Mur- earnest seeking, but sometimes must ray.'s: "With Christ in the School of be rising up in one's might to smite {he closed door. God has promised

15] THE HIGHEST FORM OF SERVICE

the Holy Spirit to all (Acts ii, 39); 34.) A prayer two thousand years but in connection with the passage in long! It is as tho God desired that Luke mentioned above, Jesus illus- no one should be confused by the trates the necessity of asking, seek- mention in the New Testament of a ing, Mocking, by saying, "How much large number of activities of the as- more shall your Heavenly Father cended and living Lord. He reveals give the Holy Spirit to them that ask only this single, highest ministry of Him." (Luke xi, I3.) It is not the Redeemer in Heaven. Vhat does only true that the fulfilment of this intercession do for the Church promises waits on prayer, but also and the world? The arresting, start- upon prayer the Holy Spirit waits ling answer is, "Wherefore He is able to cooperate with men. Pentecost to sa've to the uttermost." The place and all the repetitions of the experi- which Jesus gives to intercession is ence in Acts are preceded and ac- this. When He was here on earth companied by prayer. This means redemption was finished in intent by that the Kingdom delays its com- his death and resurrection, but that ing where there is lack of prayer. rede11lpt'ion can not be perfectly ap- What a sense of responsibi:ity and plied and made completely effective compulsion this should bring to every 7('ithout intercession. I t is because Christian! What unnecessary pov- intercession is made-his and ours- erty and misery and wreckage are in that "He is able to save to the utter- the world which praying men might most."

have prevented or removed! III. Intercession is the golden cord But the fact which lays hold of that draws men into intimate com- one most powerfully, until the very radeship with Christ.

wonder of it becomes well-nigh over- In a recent pamphlet, entitled "In- whelming, is the fact which is now tercession," by Henry W. Frost, about to be stated. Pause for a mo- Home Director for America of the ment to gain control of all your fac- China Inland Mission, he says there ulties before the next few sentences are three stages through which the are said. Put up a prayer that the intercessor must pass.

significance of them may lay hold of First, there is the stage of amplifi- the very soul. The crowning evi- cation. Real intercession does not dence of the place of intercession in stop until it has taken in a world. No the life and plans of Jesus is the fact more vision-bringing, horizon-ex- that the Bible is silent about all the panding practise is possible to a wonderful and holy activities of our Christian than this. :I1r. Frost re- Lord since the ascension, except one. lates the experience of Rev. J. Hud- . . . It is inconceivable that Jesus son Taylor. "He said that he once has suspended action in behalf of his made a discovery which awakened church and his world. What has He and startled him. He had been in- been doing these centuries? The ab- terested in China, and he used to be- sorbing activity of Jesus has been gin his praying for that land, and he the highest, hardest, costliest minis- would pray for it so long that he had try. "He ever liveth to make inter- little time to give to other countries.

cession." CHeb. vii, 25; Rom. viii, As a result, he determined that he

would reverse the process of pray- of the world, and, above all, for the ing, beginning with the forgotten lands and ending with China. On sake of Christ, to become an intercesthinking the matter over, he discovered that South America was most s·or. Nevertheless, remember that frequently left out of his praying, and from that time on he generally doing this will mean, not only that began his prayer with South American lands." you will have to rejoice with those The second stage is specification. who rejoice, but also to sorrow with Intercession not only leads one farther afield, it also inevitably compels those who sorrow. For identification more attention to details, to individuals and groups, and special needs implies that you will have to suffer all over the world. To quote again from the pamphlet mentioned above: with God in his compassion for a "Let me frankly say that you will do well to think twice before you set back-slidden church and an unyour face toward this sort of intercession. For this kind of praying saved world, and that you will have will take time. It will mean the giving up of prized pleasures and privi- to lay down your life as a sacrifice leges, earlier rising, and often loss of sleep at night. It will mean press- in behalf of all the sons of men. All ing the battle to the gates, until you are laying hold of Satan's strong- this will mean much pain that will be hold and wrestling with powers in heavenly places. Such praying be- nothing less than soul-travail. comes prolonged and is intense." Prayer, therefore, is both an altar Finally, there is the stage of identification. "Intercession amplifies and and an arena, a shrine and a battlespecifies, but, before it is finished, it· puts the life so closely in contact field. Prayer not only means blesswith God on the one hand and man on the other hand that oneness is ob- ings, but weapons of war, and sometained and maintained. And I assure you, if I know anything about inter- times intercession may be likened to cession, that this experience costs more than any other. I told you a implements of a wrecking-crew. moment ago to think twice before you set your face to a life of inter- Here, then, sounds out the highcession. I would now say to think thrice about it. For if the other ex- est, hardest, costliest call. Having perience costs, this experience costs much more. I would urge you, for faced the issue squarely, will you the sake of the Churl;h, for the sake turn away unconvinced or unwilling to follow the clear call of God? De- feat, disaster, a wreck lie that way!

Or will you now take this last and highest covenant to join with Jesus Christ in unfailing intercession that Satan's dominion may be ended and Christ made victor over all the world? Eternal issues hang in the balance as you decide.

"My Lord, I find that nothing else will do, But follow where Thou goest, And when I find Thee not, still run to meet.

Roses are scentless, hopeless are the morns, Rest is but weariness, laughter but crackling thorns If Thou the Truth do not make them true.

Thou art my life, 0 Christ, And nothing else will do." .j

Conference of the

Christian Alliance of America BY TIlE REV. S. B. RonOLD, F.R.G.S., PRESIDENT L,T lHE Hebrew Christian prived of a place in aggressive miS- Alliance of America sionary church programs. is the child of many prayers. There has This situation has at last become ~ long been felt a great the burden of every loyal Hebrew need for united leader- Christian, and is an absorbing theme ship among Hebrew Christians. in all their prayers. The result is Their hearts yearn for fellowship that the idea of a union of Hebrew with the brethren who have left Christians has been fostered as a Judaism and become followers of cherished hope. Three preliminary Jesus, the Christ of God. This is meetings were convened; one in not merely a sentimental racial affec- Pittsburgh, one in New York, and tion. The loyal ones know that the one in Brooklyn. Last year officers Hebrew Christians suffer from a were elected, and a program was infearful malady, that of being inter- augurated calling for prayerful, united nally divided. The Hebrew Christian action, The response was most gratiis misunderstood. The Gentile Chris- fying, and the whole condition so tians often misunderstand him, and matured, resulted in sending out he misunderstands them. He is often "The Call for the Conference." led away in the wilderness and left alone, and tempted by the Devil. The Conference But even this is nothing compared with the internal malady of being In the Assembly Hall, United "divided." Charities Building, New York, on April 6th to 9th, the Hebrew Chris- More than this, the want of united tian Alliance of America held its leadership, has opened a wide door first annual Conference. Steps were for "the little faxes that spoil the taken which may change the whole vines." Men posing as converts, course of Hebrew Christian history with an amazing brazenness, maraud on the American continent. this continent, defrauding guileless Christians, yea, even the Church, by The Conference was comprehenplausible invented stories. Ministers sive, representative and united. The who give their pulpits to such im- subjects deliberated were not matters postors, expose their people and of petty doctrines or of Church Govactually aid this imposition. The ernment, but were vital questions result is that Jewish Missions, other- affecting the very life and existence wise successful, have fallen in the of Jewish Missionary enterprise. estimation of the Church in general From the first session there was a and Jewish Missions have been de- spirit of expectancy, which was kin- dled into a true spirit of devoted enthusiasm,

The delegates came from great dis- prayer and intercession on that tances-Indiana, IlIinois, Missouri, solemn occasion." Kansas, Texas, Tennessee, Georgia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Ohio, and On Saturday gospel services were the Provinces of Canada. All the held for Jews in New York, and on large cities of the United States and Sunday the Needs of Israel were Canada, and almost all Missions' to presented in City churches. Jews were represented. There were also messages of encouragement and The important subj ects discust at greetings from London Jews So- the Conference were: (I) Cooperaciety; Bishop Arthur Lloyd; Federal tion between different Jewish Mis- Council of Churches; Dr. John R. sions and the Christian churches. (2) Mott, Chairman Continuation Com- Modern Needs of the Jewish People. mittee; Rev. W. R. Hogue, Balti- (3) Training of Jewish Workers. more; Rev. A. Merzel, Chairman (4) Conservation of Converts. Con- Board of F. M. German Evangelical stitution and By-laws were discust Synod; The New York Board of and adopted; officers were elected Presbyterian Missions; The Congre- and important resolutions were gational and Methodist Boards of adopted, which will be the guide and Home Missions; The Toronto policy of the Alliance. Branch of the Hebrew Christian Alliance, and Mr. Daniel Rose, Cin- The work accomplished and the cinnati. A deputation came from good spirit that prevailed all through the Federal Council of Churches, the Conference were remarkable. consisting of Dr. Albert G. Lawson; Here were gathered together a group Dr. Charles L. Thompson; Dr. Riv- of Jews who, by birth and ties of ington D. Lord, and Dr. Charles citizenship, belong to all the bel- McFarland, Secretary. ligerent nations, where Jew is killing Jew in this fearful struggle of the The members of the deputation nations for supremacy. These repreexprest their delight at meeting with sentatives were in perfect harmony so many Hebrew Christians, and as- with never a whisper of war, except sured the conference of their sym- when interceding with our Heavenly pathy and sincere cooperation. They Father to restore peace and that His rusa agreed to bring before the Kingdom of Peace may come. Council of Churches for favorable consideration, the following resolu- At the devotional hour each morntion: "Be it resolved that the Hebrew ing a spiritual atmosphere was felt, Christian Alliance of America re- and a new covenant with the Lord quest the Federal Council of and with the Hebrew Christian was Churches in America to urge upon the burning theme of many spiritthe evangelical churches of this land filled messages. The result was that the observance of an annual Day of the brethren did not desire only a Prayer for Israel; and we suggest nominal union, and their purpose to the Day of Atonement, or the Sun- cement a true spiritual union was day preceding the Day of Atonement, exprest as they sat down to that as a suitable day for the purpose of never-to-be-forgotten Supper of the Lord. Among those present were the President (Presbyterian), who conducted the Communion Service;

CHRISTIAN ALLIANCE OF AMERICA

Rev. A. R. Kuldell (Lutheran), who formed through the Federal Council gave the address; Rev. A. Lichten- of churches and other channels of stein (Baptist), Rev. S. Needleman authority, of impostors, and any other (Methodist), and Captain Hirschler abuses. Individuals pretending to (Salvationist), who acted as Elders. carryon work and not actually doing Others partaking of the supper in- it, will be called to account, and cluded Presbyterians, Anglicans, Re- none of such can afford to ignore formed United Presbyterians, Metho- the Alliance, for this Committee will dists, Congregationalists, Baptists. have means of communication Christian Missionary Alliance, Lu- throughout the country. In this way therans, Brethren, and some who some great wrongs may be remedied. could not be classified. The hearts of all were thus united-British, The Missionary Committee will German, French, Austrian, Russian, seek to reach the ear of the Chris- Arabian, and American, celebrating tian Church, calling attention to this most Holy Communion, insti- needy fields, and will secure a place tuted by our Lord Himself: "One for Jewish Missions on her missionin faith and doctrine, one in charity." ary program. The committee will recommend reliable and well-trained There is, however, no carelessness Hebrew Christians to enter fields of in the constitution of the Alliance, labor. Consecrated young Hebrew for no one can become a member Christians, who have received the call without signifying his belief in the for service, will be guided and aided following: to secure the needed education.

1. The Deity of the Lord Jesus The officers and executives will keep Christ; His Virgin birth; His vi- in constant touch with the different carious atonement for our sins; His committees to carry out the different resurrection; His ascension, and His resolutions passed at the conference, session at the right hand of God. the conservation of converts, uniting them into a corporate testimony, to 2. That all Scripture is given by raise and uplift the spiritual standard inspiration of God. (I Tim. 3 :16). of the Hebrew Christian and to en- courage them to come out openly in 3. The Messianic Prophecies of their confession of Christ. the Old Testament, pointing to our Lord Jesus. All the delegates to the Hebrew Christian Alliance, pledged them- Some Results selves to go from strength to strength in the name of our blessed Lord, The Hebrew Christian can not go using all the powers that God has back to live the same life as before, granted to them, to labor for the not in individual lives only, but in cause. The Hebrew Christian is the great gathering as a whole. New making a great effort to become a depths have been sounded of spiritual real living testimony for Christ and experiences and of consecration to His Gospel. God has sent His sal~ the work of Christ. vation from Zion; assuredly He will send peace upon His people. The Information and Investigation Committcc, will keep the Church in-

and Reality In

THE STORY OF DR. ROBERT KERR, MEDICAL MISSIONARY BY ERNEST D. PIERSON, NEW YORK IMiOROCCO, a land of dawning when the hosts of the Lord 'mystery, of barbaric shall enter and possess the land. splendor and sordid crime, of strange super- In his new book, "Morocco After stitions and wild fan- Twenty-five Years,"* Dr. Robert Kerr aticism, will always re- gives a valuable and most interesting ac- main one of the most interesting coun- count of his experiences as a medical tries in the world to people of more missionary. He graphically describes civilized, and more prosaic nations. modern life in Morocco politically, mor- The spread of international commerce, ally, and sociaIIy, devoting some chapters the influx of foreign traders and to a consideration of the various relig- travelers, foreign influences and French iolts faiths, superstitions and curious CltS- domination, seem thus far to have toms of the people, and to brief studies wrought few changes in the life and of the races that make up the hetero- religion of a land that so clearly re- geneous population. Missions and mis- flects the spirit of a bygone age. sionary work are separately considered, Those who have lived in Morocco but the chief interest in the book lies during the past twenty, or thirty years, in the author's realistic reminiscences however, see signs that the nation is of his professional' work among the awakening slowly from its centuries' people. sleep, and that the light of Western progress is dispelling the darkness of Dr. Kerr is not over optimistic as to superstition that so long has shrouded the present outlook for Christian pro- the Sunset Land. There have been gress in Morocco. He is a conscien- changes in Morocco that escape the tious historian dealing with the hard eye of the casual visitor. There is facts of present-day conditions, but his more independent thought among the observations and deductions are all the people, tyranny is less openly practised, more valuable because free from justice is not always a mockery, and visionary conclusions. He went to Christians are more generaIly respected. Morocco in 1886, sent out by the These vastly improved conditions have Jewish Committee of the English been brought about since Protestant Presbyterian Church, but later became Missions were established, and because the head of an independent society: of the example and influence of the The Central Morocco Mission. For a self-sacrificing men and women who quarter of a century he has labored in have labored to spread the Gospel mes- the twin cities of Rabat and Salee. sage through this darkened land. For Rabat is inhabited by Moors who were many years of apparently fruitless en- driven out of Spain, and Salee is the deavor these faithful servants of the home of Moors, Arabs and Berbers. Master have toiled on amid discourage- Of the difficulties experienced in get- ments and persecutions, and now at ting established in his new home he last there is a promise of a better day relates many interesting incidents. His first landlord was delighted to hear that he came from Glasgow. "Glas- + "Morocco After Twenty-Five Years," .By Dr. Robert Kerr. Illustrated. 8vo. 364 pp. lOs. 6d. Murray & Evenden. London, 1912. gow!" shouted the Moor in rapture. Gospel of yours on one of your own "That is the place where' my ship was countrymen, holding an important frozen up for four months. Glasgow official position in the city, and try its is a nice place, got much good beer and effects on him. None of us, thank whisky there. Did you bring any God have sunk so low. You have whisky and beer with you? Let Glas- splendid material to work on, and I gow flourish." Dr. Kerr adds that he wish you success and Godspeed. Let felt a little ashamed for his' country, me know the results. Good-by." In from the only impression of his be- Morocco, as in other foreign missionloved city which this Moor carried ary fields, the evil, the Godless lives back to Morocco. led by many representatives of Chris- tian countries are a constant hindrance Doctor Kerr's services were in im- to the spread of the Gospel message. mediate, demand, but he found great difficulty in persuading his patients to Dr. Kerr has witnessed marvelous take medicines' for fear that they were changes in Morocco since Christian poisons. For many ,years he was com- Missions were first established there. pelled to taste each medicine in the For two hundred years the fanatical presence of the patient until confidence Moors of the old piratical city of was established. He also found that Salee would not permit a consul, merit was better to charge a sma1 amount chant, or European to rent a house, or for each remedy, for the patients sus- live there. Dr. Kerr was the first pected some ulterior motive when a "barbarian" permitted to take up his man was ready to give away so much residence in the closed city, and his medicine. Having paid, they had con- life of service for God and humanity fidence in the prescription and took made this possible only after he had the medicine, but they thought that he waited for twenty years. could work miracles and cure any disease in a day or two. Work in the During the rebellion a few years hospital was not altogether free from ago, he was the only European allowed anxiety, for in the event of a patient's to enter Salee. Then he had an escort death, false reports were circulated by of boys and girls, who would say to the fanatical Moslems that there had the wild mountaineers, "If any of you been foul play. Arabs lift a finger: against this man you will be unable to leave the town Dr. Kerr does not share the general alive." impression that the Moors are dull and uninteresting. He found them When they asked who this' person very keen to find flaws in his state- was, a Christian, a Moslem? They ments, and says that a missionary, to would reply, "He is better than all. be successful among the Moors, must Don't you know that this is the man study the art of repartee, and must be who comes and scratches the arms of prepared for cutting rejoinders. A our little brothers and sisters to prelearned Fakir to whom he spoke of vent them from taking the sma1pox? God's power to save and keep from The Lord preserve him to us." sin, and of the transformation which the Gospel wrought in the lives of Many pathetic and even tragic scenes men, listened attentively without a were enacted close to the Mission word, and then said, "Doctor, I am House. When a black flag was hoisted delighted to hear what you say the on the neighboring mosque it inditeachings of the Lord Jesus can do. cated that someone about to become a Now you might go down and try that mother was in grave danger and the prayers of the faithful were invoked. The author tells of a young married

woman who having suffered untold being the only church edifices at present agony for some days begged her pa- in the Sunset Land. rents to send for the Christian doctor and his wife. They protested that it "It is a matter of regret," says Dr. was contrary to their religion to call Kerr, "that no Protestant denomination in a Christian under the circumstances. has undertaken permanent work in "Then you will allow me to die?" Morocco, while it is also most unforsaid the daughter. "Much better you tunate that a general union can not be should die than be lost," was the re- effected between the various mis'sions if, joinder. Turning to her father the the field. Such a union would double young woman said: "If that is so, may their influence. However difficult it may God curse you and your religion. I be to carryon small missions (being excast myself on the mercy of God." posed to every adverse wind that blows) The parents tried_to console themselves without the substantial support of orwith the thought that the daughter's ganized church life behind them, yet it mind was wandering, but when the must not be forgotten that they are the Kadi learned the facts, he publicly de- rivulets which rise from the springs in clared that the next time anyone re- the mountains, and, converging, form fused to call in a Christian doctor in streams. But for the example and ina dangerous case, he would have the fluence which they exert, the church father, or husband paraded through the might languish and die." streets with a halter around his neck. Since then the physician and nurse have There is no such thing as religious been welcome, and often we have been liberty in Morocco, so that it is impossiable to save the life of a child and glad- ble for a Christian convert to make an den the heart of a mother. Now the open confession of faith. "The outhusband or father will say: "We have come," says Dr. Kerr, "during the past confidence in you; we do not re4uire to thirty years has been anything but enbe present. Just go and rap at the door couraging, while the results at the sevand you will be admitted." This priv- eral missions have been much the same, ilege would not be granted to their own the number of converts varying accordfriends or relatives. ing to the standard of admission. Brave men and women have been laboring on The Protestant mission;:; in Morocco as in a forlorn hope, steadily keeping the are all of comparatively recent date, banner unfurled, often amid the most and all were born in travail, and suf- trying circumstances. . . . Many of fered grievous persecutions. With the those making a profession of faith did exception of the London Mission to the so under a misconception of the teach- Jews at Mogador, none have any guar- ings and principles of the Gospel of anteed incomes. Two small churches Jesus Christ. As Islam never makes inhave been built in Morocco by the mem- quiries as to whether there has been a bers of the Church of England. The change of heart or not, so many of these one at Tangier, where regular services professing Christian converts never are held during the winter and spring, is deemed that it was necessary that there under the Bishop of Gibraltar; the should be a renouncing of sin, but only other is at Casablanca, under the Bishop the transferring of their affection to a of Sierra Leone. The North African particular prophet-Jesus Christ, be- Mission erected a small iron church loved and honored by N abi Mohammed three years ago in Tangier in connec- -which shows the principal reason why tion with their Spanish work, these there have been so many spurious con- verts among the heathen."

AND REALITY IN MOROCCO

The Moslem faith, which incorporated over another, so that it is not to be won- many of the leading truths of the Chris- dered at that they were all frightened. tian religion, with wide latitude to grati- When I opened the door, the Arab fy sensual desires, is, indeed, a formid- dragged the perambulator with him. able foe. Hence it is necessary to place Even tho the Arab saw what had hap- before the Christian Church at home the pened, we could not convince him that difficulty of work among the Moslems; it was only a simple accident. 'It was it is not cutting a tunnel through sand impossible for me,' said the Arab, 'to and clay, but through granite rock. pull that coach after me. I felt the Unitedly, Christians must pray to God jinoon pushing it against me, do let :ne Himself, who can pierce the mountains out to pass the night in the street!'" of error and superstition. He returned to his tent, where he lay ill for ten days. He assured Dr. Kerr As the Koran is fulI of superstitious when they met again that the experienr.e teaching, the Moslems, and especially had added at least ten years to his life. those of Morocco, are strong believers in He advised the Doctor to leave the Mis- evil spirits, witchcraft, signs, and spells. sion house at once, as it was demon- A man from the marshes complained to possest. Dr. Kerr that his district was full of Jinoon (evil spirits). They came out of Dr. Kerr gained an insight into the the ground like a mist in the autumn secret and criminal inner life of the and tumbled people down. The man Moroccans, which is not revealed to the himself was suffering from their attacks. ordinary layman. Thus men and women Dr. Kerr diagnosed his case as one of often called on him to obtain poison to malarial fever, and prescribing the usual remove their wives or husbands. As an treatment, in two weeks the jinoon accomplished dealer in strong magic, stricken patient was perfectly well. "Ah they also sought his help to further their Doctor," said he, "if I had known you love affairs. One day he was apwere an expert at expelling evil spirits proached by a woman of middle age who J would have come to you long ago." prostrated herself before him. "Doctor, It was no use trying to explain to the man that his trouble was caused by foul r have come for medicine which will water and miasma arising from the soil. cause my husband's affection to return An Arab who had business with Dr. to me again. He has married a young Kerr was invited to spend the night in wi fe and transferred alI his affections to the hospital. About nine o'clock in the her, and I am left out in the cold." evening he was heard loudly calIing fnr help. "I' ran," the author relates, "as "I regret to say," Dr. Kerr told her, fast as I could down stairs and pulled "that that is a common complaint among open the large doors, when out jumped women who have ungrateful husbands. the Arab with a perambulator at his Medicine, I fear, would do no good. heels, and throwing his arms around my However, if I may give you advice, let neck implored me to protect him. 'The me urge you to center your affections 011 jinoons have got hold of me,' he cried. Him in whose presence we shaH shortly Feeling thirsty in the night the Arab had be. Altho your husband may forsake wished to go into the court for a drink. you, the Lord will not. Your husband but in the dark he could not find the will never return until he is seriously ill, door, and going to the other end of the then the young wife will run off and room, the fringes of his Khaik caught in leave you to nurSe him." (This is the perambulator and turning back, he exactly what happens among Arabs.) pulled it first over one patient, and then When I had finished speaking the poor woman came toward me and threw her arms around my neck, and with tea!"s

running down her cheeks, cried to her Governor?" said a soldier who had ac- friends: 'I take God for my witness that this Doctor is' a true believer. Did you companied Dr. Kerr to the house. "Just hear what he said?' Still keeping her hands on my shoulder, she continued: go and report what you have seen with 'The Lord bless you and shield you from your own eyes." all harm, and grant that you may find acceptance with Him on that day,' and "Praise be to God!" said the father. she left weeping." "We thought his leg was broken, and now we return praise to the Most High If the medical missionary is brought that it is not so. But altho our anxiety face to face with the sad and the tragical has been removed concerning the boy, side of life the comedy element is not we are in as deep distress as ever. We at all lacking. Dr. Kerr was once sent are afraid an untoward event may to report on a boy who had been run happen to his mother from the shock she down by a European. There was con- has received." "I shall be pleased 10 siderable excitement, for the rumor had examine her as well," said Dr. Kerr gone abroad, that a Christian had killed blandly. "Ah," rejoined the parent, "it a Moslem. When the Doctor entered the is unlawful in our religion for a Chrishouse, which was crowded with men and tian man to examine one of our women, women, he found the boy, his leg in but if there had been a lady doctor we splints, lying in bed, and rolled up in should have been glad to have had her." multitudinous blankets. "I am happy to say that I can oblige you, for we have two lady doctors whom "I asked to be allowed to examine the I will send for at once to examine and boy, btU they demurred. 'He has a prescribe for the lady." But here the fracture of the thigh,' said the father, soldier interfered. "Come, come," he 'and should there be any injudicious said, "we have not had our supper and handling of the leg it might become a it is getting late. By the time the lady compound fracture.' All the time the doctors arrive the mother will have relittle rogue was enjoying the fun im- covered and the grandmother will be mensely, having been instructed how to taken ill, so it will be impossible for us act. When the gentleman in question to get home before midnight!" was returning from a ride, this lad of some ten years purposely ran in front Vhen the soldier carried his report to of his horse, which so annoyed the rider the Governor, that worthy laughed so that he gave the boy a switch over the heartily that he fell off the divan on leg with his whip. After removing the which he was sitting. "There is only bandages I found only a small wale, one thing left to be done in this case," nothing to speak of. Putting my hand he said, "and that is for the English in my pocket I brought out a half-franc Doctor to become a Moslem!" piece, and, showing it to the lad (at the same time whispering in his ear)J said Dr. Kerr has often been asked the that should he beat me in a race across question. "Is the game worth the the spacious court, the money should be candle?" To this he replies that since his. To the amazement of the guests in a Moslem land to become a Christian and relatives, the boy (who was said to means almost certain death, there is little be seriously ill) jumped out of his bed, apparent success; but "The honor of and both of us were racing up and down Christ's Kingdom is at stake. So we go the court. Of course, I allowed him to forward at our Lord's command. Sacriwin the prize." fices will have to be made. It has always been so. The early Church of Christ "'hat answer shall we' return to the gave an example of suffering, of men and women who cherished their faith in Christ as dearer than life itself."

DTMENT ~—-.~'

OF .. Q,./ BEST METHODS …………………."..,/ CONDUCTED BY BELLE M. BRAIN, COl.LEGE HILL. SCHENECTADY, NEW YORK ADVERTISING MISSIONS IN THE LOCAL CHURCH uIt..;:fIo-l.toV;lj)) UBLICITY is the cry of is not only legitimate but is a duty. the age, advertising the Seven trained men in his denomination great means of exploit- were kept out of the foreign mission field ing everything. No busi- because the treasury was empty. By ness can be successfully securing space in the denominational run without it. Millions papers and advertising the need for $12,000 to send these men out, $19,000 of dollars are expended in it every year were secured for this purpose in a very and some of the brightest minds in short time. the country are working out its problems. The universal testimony is that this vast ADVERTISING MEDIUMS expenditure of· mind and money pays. There are many mediums for adver- tising missions in the local church, all For a long time the Church stood of which can be used with very little aloof from the new methods. Publicity danger from overlapping. The most meant notoriety, and advertising was effective of these are as follows: sensational. Yet advertising is nothing more than making known and comme11'J- I. ANNOUNCEMENTS FROM THE PULing a thing to public notice. For nineteen centuries the Church has, uncon- PIT.-The pastor is the best of all adversciously perhaps, been depending upon tising agents for missions in his church. this means for the building up of her His opportunities for aiding the various forces. And she must depend on it still, societies in making known their work wisely adopting the new methods in so and securing good attendance, are pnicfar as they are good and in keeping with tically unlimited. The announcements of her high and holy cal1ing. "In the first meetings, whether printed in the church century the best advertised movement calendar or given verbally from the was the Church of Jesus Christ," says The Sunday-School Times. "Even its AMERICA enemies were advance agents in proclaiming it. To-day the Church and its A POSTER FOR MEETING ON IMMIGRATION organizations may well use every device that will help reach human hearts. But Drawing by Miss Martha Reid let no advertising method creep in that will weaken the Church's supreme purpose."

A few years ago a layman in the United Presbyterian Church tried an experiment in missionary advertising that has awakened the whole Church and proved that advertising of the right sort

pulpit, should be stich as to attract atten- BULLETIN BOARDs.-In the vestibule of tion and compel interest. "The stereo- every church there should be a bulletin- typed notice, 'The Voman's Mission- board used exclusively for advertising ary Society will meet in the chapel at 3 the missionary activities of the church, including the Woman's and Young WHAT DOES THIS REPRESENT? People's Societies and the Sunday-school. Announcements of meetings, needs 111 COME TO THE M.ISSIONARY MEETING AND FIND OUT the way of money or supplies, and im- portant recent happenings in connection This shows the contrast between the Christians in with missions, should all find a place on Bolenge, Africa, where the Church was organized it.* only ten years ago, gladly bearing their tithe load, and the Christian at home sweating under his mite THE PUBLIC PREss.-In many cities load.-From The Missionary Intelligencer. the daily papers are willing to print items of interest concerning missionary o'clock, all ladies invited,' is not suffi- meetings in the churches. In Scheneccient," says Mrs. Raymond. A pastor tady, N. Y., the Woman's Missionary who really cares can, by a few earnest Society of Emmanuel Baptist Church is words-they need not be many-put good not slow to take advantage of this. Two cheer into his faithful workers and plant members of the executive committee seeds of interest and responsibility in have the matter in charge-one sends ;n hearts that have been callous and un- the notice of the meeting beforehand, concerned. the other sends in a short account of it afterward. As the meetings of this so- POSTERS.-These are most important. ciety often have attractive features, the It was while stopping for a moment to accounts of them are real news items read the public announcement of a mis'- which are read with interest by many sionary meeting posted on a bridge at people. the little town of Warrington, England, that Robert Moffat heard God's call. MAIL MArTER.-"Use the mails" is The meeting was over but he left the the advice of many a successful leader. spot with the determination formed with- Printed or mimeographed cards of inin his heart to be a foreign missionary. vitation announcing either regular or special meetings serve to bring the Simple, yet charming and very effec- matter directly to the attention of the tive posters announcing forthcoming members. Post cards are much used and meetings can be made at almost no cost they are especially effective when those and very little effort, with the help of sent out are the pretty and interesting pictures dipped from magazines; both picture post cards gotten out by the secular and religious. The colored prints Vyoman's Boards both home and foreign. of strange peoples and foreign lands in In the Woman's Missionary Society of The National Geogl'aphical Magazine the First Presbyterian Church, Schenecare especially helpful. tady, which sends out post card invita- tions every month, a large number arc printed at the beginning of the year, space being left for the names of the hostesses, and the date and topic of the monthly meeting. These items are filled in by hand and give the card a personal, * Directions for making bulletin.boards, and some suggestions about their use, were given in the Best lYfethods Department in January, 1914.

5J DEPARTMENT OF BEST METHODS

timely touch, and greatly reduces the children, and under it the words, 'Suffer cost of printing. the little children to come unto me.'

The sending out of special invitations "Next week, add a group of Chinese sometimes seems like time and money children and beneath them write, 'Shall wasted, yet it often wins in the end. these come too?' Another week add the Years ago when the Best Methods editor children of Japan, with the same inwas secretary of a young woman's mis- scription; then India, Africa, etc.; until sionary society-her first official mission- finally the central picture is surrounded ary position-she sent out a great many by children of all nations, making quite cards of invitation. But the response an impressive display." waS' small and it was discouraging. One Sunday morning a young woman to USING THE CHILDREN whom many cards had been sent, said to In an article on "Church Advertising" her, "Don't be discouraged. Perhaps in The Sltnday-School Times, Doctor you'll get me yet. I have everyone of Reisner, pastor of Grace M. E. Church, those cards and I'm afraid they'll count New York City, advocates the use of against me in the Day of Judgment I" original cartoons displayed outside the church building and suggests that high- PRINTED YEAR BooKs.-One of the school students be prest into service for best ways of advertising a missionary making them. "One church," he says, society and its work is the printed year "paid for a correspondence course to book or leaflet containing lists of the 'finish off' a promising young artist officers and members and the dates and member, and so secured his service programs of the meetings. Every ~o­ free." ciety should get one out. It is good business policy even tho the cost should 36 Dolls be considerable. Enough copies should be printed to give one, not only to every Are About to Leave member of the society, but to every per- UNION PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH son in the church or congregation who is eligible for membership; and there for Ningpo, China should be enough left over to supply A Farewell Reception wiII be given newcomers during the year. As soon as strangers come to the church, copies them at the close of of this little booklet should be placed in The Woman's Missionary Meeting their hands. Only those who "know the Friday, September 18, at 3.00 P.M. heart of the stranger," because they have been strangers themselves, know how In the Church welcome even so small an attention Children are especially invited A Member of this Church Who was born in Ningpo Will speak on "WHEN 1 WAS A Boy IN CHINA"

may be.

A SERIAL POSTER Not only high-school students but "An effective poster for introducing grade-school pupils can be utilized in the children's foreign text-book, 'The making the simpler posters. What is 'Vorld Family,' can be made after a lacking in the greater ability of the serial fashion," says a recent number of skilled artist is more than made up by Lutheran Woman's Work. "Put up in the interest developed in the children a conspicuous place-preferably in the themselves and in their parents and Sunday-school room (with the permis- friends. The above poster, made by sion of the officers) a large sheet 0 f a boy of thirteen, very effectively advercardboard, in the middle of which is tised a special meeting of the woman's pasted a picture of Christ blessing the society in his church. The free-hand

Speaker:– Something Worth As a speaker to college men no one is more widely While known. For the past ten yean he has bten thl!' leadin2 speaker at ~reat student conferences al Notthfield. Lake Gtmva, Cascada and NiagaTa.

Author:- Robel't E Speer A prolific and prominent alJthor of books dealing with the moral and religious life of college men. A few of his many works are :-" A Young Man's Questions," ., Memorial of a True Life," "The Principles of Jesus:' .. The Man Jesus Christ," .. Politics in Asia," "Missions and Modern History. 'I p.nlUlunrrmrnt Student:- Robert E. Speer has accepted an invitation ex· One of the most distingui&hed graduate. of Princeton tended by the Union ColleEe Valedictorian, '89 Christian Association five months ago. Editor, "Daily Princetonian" Lea.ding orator In view of Mr. Speer's national and even world-wide President Pbiladelphian Society work and fame, the students of the college will, withm.lf A. M., Y.I, '00 doubt. take advantage of this opportunity 01 hearing and meet- D. U., University of of Glasgow, 1910 ing him Athlete:- – – WEDNESDAY EVENING– 7,30 P. M. Tadle on Princeton's famoul team of '89. AI an athlete he has always been looked to with pride COLLEGE ClfAPlCL by Princrton mt:l1.

AN ATTRACTIVE FOUR-PAGE FOLDER ANNOUNCING ROBERT E. SPEER Jettering was well done and pictures of his name carries no weight. And there dolls cut from a toy catalog added to the are others who know something about attractiveness. him, but whose interest could be greatly increased by wider knowledge of the ADVERTISING SPECIAL SPEAKERS achievements that have made him The way in which a special speaker is famous. Advertising that presents the principal facts of a speaker's career has advertised has much to do with the size a great value. of the audience and the importance which attaches to his work. A very clever announcement was sent out three years ago by the Y. M. C. A. No matter how prominent a speaker of Union College, Schenectady, N. Y., may be, there are always those who to advertise a meeting addrest by Robert know so little; about him that, to them,

· DEPARTMENT OF BEST METHODS

E. Speer. It was a four-page folder The meeting was not good-it was very, about 40 by 6 inches, and was widely very poor. This was not because of any distributed in advance of the meeting. unforeseen circumstances that suddenly It was dignified, concise and presenteu arose just before the meeting. The facts calculated to arouse the interest a i meeting had not been carefully planned the students in a man who had made his and the least possible trouble had been mark as a student in a great university taken to make it a good meeting. The along many lines. It made a great ap- chairman of the Prayer Meeting Compeal and the hall was crowded. mittee freely admitted that it was a poor meeting, but failed to see that the bul- This little folder may well serve as a letin was false." model for all who have special speakers to announce. If the cost of a printed THE MOST EFFECTIVE METHOD folder is too great, the same idea could effectively be carried out on a large, hand- "By far the most effective method of made poster. advertising missionary meetings," says HONESTY IN ADVERTISING Mr. J. Lovell Murray, Educational Sec- In a recent number of Forward, William Ralph Hall of the Presbyterian retary of tl}.e Student Volunteer Move- Department of Religious Education, has ment, "is the methodical, persuasive, a word to say about advertising in Young timely invitation of individuals by the People's Societies that is equally applic- committee and other interested workers." able to missionary societies. "Can you name a big business-house It was a personal invitation to a misto-day that does absolutely no adver- sionary meeting that won VilIiam Duntising?" he asks. "Systematic adver- can, the hero of Metlakahtla, to the work. tising seems to be one of the laws of One Sunday morning a lady invited him business life and growth. You have to a special meeting that was to he held noted, too, that special emphasis is placed during the week in a distant part of the on frank and absnlutely trustworthy ad- city. When the night came it was stormy, vertising. Advertising our Young and he was weary with his hard day's People's Society and its meetings must work. But he kept his promise, with the be based on the principles of good busi- result that that night he promise'd his ness advertising. We must have some- Lord that he would be a missionary. The thing good to advertise; we must tell the public announcement alone would not facts frankly, enthusiastically and in have taken him out into the storm; it was ways that will elicit interest and atten- the personal invitation that clinched it. tion. "On one church bulletin, in large, at- Some years ago, by means of personal tractive lettering, I read: advertising, a Young People's Society in a Presbyterian Church made phenomenal CHRISTIAN ENDEAVOR MEETING gains in attendance. A new president was elected, and the first thing she did 6.45 P.M. was to make a list of all the young people eligible for the society. The CHURCH PARLORS church roll, the Sunday-school class- books, the congregations on Sunday were , GOOD MEETING PROMISED eagerly scanned for names. The result was a list of ISO young people, only a JOIN US few of whom were working in the so- ciety. "I answered that advertisement. I am telling the plain truth when I say When the list was completed, the new that the advertisement was a falsehood, president invited the executive com- mittee to spend an evenins- at her horne,

and told them that she wanted every vited to march in the annual Memorial person on the list to receive a personal Day parade. It was a new idea, and invitation on the coming Sunday morn- there was much speculation on the part ing to the Christian Endeavor meeting of the teachers as to how the boys would in the evening. Pads of paper and lead respond to it.

pencils were then passed around and as One bright young teacher (Miss]essie the list was read each member of the Dunlap, who afterward became a suc- committee wrote down the names :If cessful missionary in India) had a desire those with whom he (or she) was best to see to what extent she could control acquainted, or with whom he had the the sentiment of her boys in regard to most influence. it. Having obtained the necessary per- On Sunday morning the committee mission of her principal, she made the worked so faithfully that few young tests immediately after the opening of people left the church without at least school in the morning. one invitation to "come to Christian En- "Boys," she said, putting into her exdeavor meeting to-night." As a result the attendance jumped at one bound pressive face all the brightness and enfrom 20 (the average attendance for thusiasm possible, "I have something to many months) to 60, and during the tell you. What do you think? You are all invited to march in the parade toweeks that followed this was more than morrow! Think of it, boys! March in maintained. During the past year the new presi- the Decoration Day parade with the old soldiers! What an honor! There will dent of a small missionary society in a be bands, and music, and you will carry large church adopted the scheme of ask- flags and bunches of flowers to lay on ing the ladies who entertained the so- the graves of the soldiers. Isn't it ciety in their homes each month to give glorious? I wish I were a boy! I'd like a large number of personal invitations, not only on the Sunday preceding the to march in such a parade! Do you meeting but during the week, by means want to?" of calls and the telephone. One of ha plans was to ask the hostes'S for each Did they want to? They were wild month to invite two of her intimate with enthusiasm. Every hand went tIP friends to assist her in giving the invita- and they fairly climbed over one another tions, and also to help her receive at in their eagerness and joy. But when the meeting. Where this was faithfully order was restored the teacher had done the results were most gratifying. changed. She was solemn and sober The president herself made many calls' now, and as she talked the enthusiasm and used her telephone freely. At the slowly died out of the boyish faces that end of the year it was found that the looked into hers. society had almost doubled its average attendance, the personal invitations being "Boys," she said, "are you really sure you want to accept this invitation? It's a long way to the cemetery, at least three one of the largest factors in the increase. miles, I should think. And it's so dusty, "Weare advertised by our loving you'd choke all the way. And if it friends," is a slogan that may well be should rain to-night, just think of the borrowed by missionary societies. mud. You have to march in the middle of the street you know. And suppose THE PSYCHOLOGY OF THE the parade didn't start on time. Perhaps INVITATION you'd lose your dinner. But it would be Some years ago the boys in the Public too bad if none of you should march.

Schools of Springfield, Ohio, were in- How many will?"

OF BEST METHODS

There was intense silence for a mo- great meeting to-morrow night,' he said. ment. Then one hand went up. Just 'If you want to get a seat you must go one loyal, loving little lad had courage early; and, that you may not fail if you enough to volunteer. go early, I have had enough tickets brought to the church to supply such as Then the teacher changed again. wish to go; if you find you can not go With loving, earnest face, she explained you must surrender your ticket to some , how the brave men of the Grand Army one else who will.' Of course Saint of the Republic had risked their lives Andrew's great hall was filled. 'Accord- to save their country, and that an invita- ing to your faith be it unto you,' is true tion to march with them was an honor in more spheres than one. that must not be despised even if it did entail a few hardships. Then she asked "The very next Sunday I happened to again how many would march, and this be where a brother minister, who felt time, with sober, earnest faces alplOst all great misgivings about the week-night said they were ready. meetings being a success, besought his people to go, as many as possibly could, There is a lesson of much value to as tho he wished to. save it from dis- mis'sionary workers in this incident astrous failure. Both enthusiasm and which is true in every detail. "While despondency are contagious as this cam- by far the most' effective method of paign furnishes abundant proof." ,securing an audience is the personal word," says Mrs. Raymond, "it must not BLUE-PRINT POSTERS be given with the dogged loyalty that is Very attractive posters and invitation pathetic, nor the wistful, questioning cards can be made from blue print paper, eagerness that is in itself an apology, as many leaders are discovering. The both of which are unnecessary in these process is' as follows: days when the cause of missions has Make a tracing or drawing of the de- really come into its own. Our premise sired design with jet black opaque ink must be that those who do not share our (waterproof India ink is best) on trans- interest are decidedly the losers. But the parent tracing paper or on tracing cloth meeting must, 'lI!ithout question, make (obtained usually at a stationer's). A good our assumption. The woman who photo printing frame is a necessity and goes because she wants to go, and who the tracing must be the same size. Small feels repaid, is the one who goes again. frames, 4×5 inches, cost very little, but It is the meeting itself that ultimately large ones are expensive. If very large holds her." posters are needed it would probably be better to take the tracing to the drafting ENTHUSIASM VS. DESPONDENCY rooms of some large concern and have the prints made there. "It is very noticeable," wrote Dr. Ar- Put a piece of clear glass of the sa:ne thur T. Pierson in 1890, while conduct- size as the drawing into the printing ing a great missionary tour across the frame, with the tracing next to the glass water, "how much the success of a meet- and next to this a piece of blue print ing depends on the spirit of the local paper. Expose this to the sunlight a few committee of arrangements and even on moments (the exact time can only be the way in which what the Scotchman determined 'by experiment), then remove calls the 'intimations' are given. it from the frame and thoroughly wash it in a pan of clear water. Then place "I happened to be present in Barony on a piece of blotting-paper or cloth and Church, Glasgow, when the genial and let it remain until thoroughly dry, when gifted Doctor Marshall Lang was an- it may be mounted on cardboard if de- nouncing the meeting to be held in Saint Andrew's great hall on the Monday evening following. 'We are to hold a

sired. Any number of prints may be If there is a skilful and willing made from the same tracing. Blue print draftsman in the church the problem is post cards which cost but little make very solved. The Best Methods' editor re- pretty invitations. members with gratitude a young drafts- LETTERING FOR POSTERS man who spared neither time nor trouble to help in this way a Young People's In making posters the great bugbear Missionary Society, of which she was is the lettering. Attractive and appro- the leader for years. His beautiful work priate illustrations can be clipped from contributed not a little to the interest in papers and magazines and pasted into missions that was developed in that little place, but not so the invitation and an- band.

nouncement. But in many a church there is no To meet this need various devices are draftsman and no money for equipment.

recommended by different missionary For these the block letter alphabet is leaders. In "Missionary. Methods for available. By means of this anyone Sunday-School Workers," Mr. Trull who can draw a straight line with a ruler names as one essential of Sunday- . can do very good lettering. The space school equipment a marking outfit is ruled off into squares and the letters of rubber stamp letters. rYz inches blocked in. By using different si7.e high,with ink, ink pads, etc., which may squares the letters maY'be made large or be ordered from Millard & Company, 12 small at pleasure, and by using rectangles East r6th Street, New York City. instead of squares the proportions' may In "Missions in the Sunday-School," be varied also.

Miss Hixon recommends the gummed A great variety of effects may be pro- letters, which may be obtained from The duced in this lettering. Curves may be Ticket and Tablet Company, 381 Broad- used instead of oblique lines, if one is way, New York, or from any depot of able to draw them. The letters them- Dennison supplies. selves may be filled in solid black, or they At Northfield Miss Edith Thomson may be outlined in black and filled 1n recommended, in addition to the above, with color by means of crayon, pencil or an outfit of pattern letters and red and brush. Or they may be filled with fine'

black gummed paper which can be had oblique lines or with dots. And they for $1.00 from the Woman's Foreign can be made to stand out as in per- Missionary Society of the Presbyterian spective by making the right hand and Church, Witherspoon Building, Phila- lower lines much heavier than the others.

delphia. With this outfit she said, chil- If preferred, alphabets of several sizes dren in mission bands or shut-ins in the may be drawn and cut from cardboard Home bepartment of the Woman's Mi~­ to be used as patterns either for draw- sionary Society might prepare letters in ing letters on the poster or for cutting quantities to be ready wl).en needed. them from paper and pasting them on.

"Whenever I go to New Haven and see that great sign, 'BOOST NEW HAVEN,' I say to myself, 'Poor New Haven! Does she have to be boosted?'

"It is ,the same with the Church. If I should go to a church and find the members trying to promote it, I should say to myself, 'Poor old church! I'll go elsewhere and leave this old wreck to take care of itself.'

"In working for missions we should present it as the biggest thing going-the biggest business in the world to-day. instead of begging people to help, we should say to them, 'If you don't hurry you won't get in. Better help now while there is time.' "-REV. CHARLES E. EWING of China at a pastors' m.issionary conference.

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/fAIN FLOOFf:. PLAN PLANS OF THE ARTHLR T. PIERSO:-r ~[E1IORIAL BIBLE SCHOOL, SEOUL, KOREA ANNIVERSARIES AND PRAYER It has been preemin~ntly a work of faith and sacrifice, and wonderfully rich in ANNIVERSARIES are not merely spiritual fruitage. The mission is possest occasions for marking progress or of a divine vitality that could only for paying homage to the memory of come from God. Very appropriately, a great men and women of bygone days, conference for prayer and Bible study They are opportunities for due recog- has been called to commemorate the Junition of God's power and blessing, for bilee at Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ontario prayer that iaith, wisdom, and strength (June 15-20). may be given for new advance movements, and for a readiness to make per- The Moslem world is at a crisis and sonal sacrifices that will cause the pres- may be on the eve of a great transforment days to be remembered as new and ation. June 30th marks the 600th anmemorable milestones of progress. niversary of the martyrdom of the first great Christian martyr missionary to In the midst of the present obstacles, Moslems', Raymund Lull. This anniverapparent retrograde movements in Eu- sary should be commemorated by all rope, in Africa, in China, and in Moslem Christians as a day of prayer for Moslands, it is well that we look back and lems and missions to Moslems all over the note God's hand in the difficulties anc1 world. Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer, of Cairo, discouragements of the past. This will Egypt, issues a call to observe such a strengthen our faith and courage. On day of prayer. Islam.is disintegrating. May 29th occurs the one hundredth an- Shall Christ take the place of Mohamniversary of the founding of the Base1 med as the obj eet of their reverence, or, Missionary Society. It was established shall the last state be worse than the in the midst of war and in the face of first? When the present war ends, the many difficulties. As a successful in- indications 'are that pra:ctically the dustrial mission agency, its history has' whole of the Moslem world will be open been unique. to Christianity, Christians should clearly indicate their readiness to take advantage Another anniversary is that of the of the doors that Gorl has opened. birth of George Pilkington (in 1865), , On July 6th comes the 600th anniverone of the remarkable young English sary of the martyrdom of John Hus, the missionaries who helped lay the founda- B<;>hemian Protestant reformer. His tions of the wonderful work in Uganda. blood has proved the seed of many That mission is an outstanding example churches, and his life and teachings may of the power of God to transform the well inspire Christians to new sacrifices African savage into a Chri'stian saint. for the sake of God's truth and right- eousness, The China Inland Mis'sion Jubilee offers another occasion for thanksgiving, Two other anniversaries in .July are and prayer. From an obscure begin- those of the martyrdoms of Christians ning, like a grain of mustard-seed, this in Madagascar (only 75 years ago), and mission has grown until it has spread of the baptism of Africaner, the Hotover four continents, and has established work in most of the provinces of China.

tentot chief-Ioo years ago–that has received funds for the purchase of land meant so much to the advance of and the construction of suitable build- Christianity in South Africa. ings. About $30,000 has been contribu- If birthday anniversaries are marked ted, and it is· hoped that even more may by rejoicings and gifts of love, how be received to make possible a suitable much more should such anniversaries as equipment.

these be marked by meetings for thanks- In Korea an interdenominational giving and prayer and by new dedica- Board of Trustees has been formed, of tions to God, and new sacrificial but which Dr. Horace G. Underwood is joyous gifts of men and money to help chairman and Dr. James S. Gale, the forward the work of Christ in all the secretary. This Board has, after many world. difficulties and unavoidable delay, suc- THE ARTHUR T. PIERSON ceeded in purchasing a suitable site near MEMORIAL the west gate in Seoul, not far from the Russian Legation. It is a desirable piece FOUR years ago, on June 3, 19II, the of property, and sufficiently large for a soul of the late Editor-in-Chief main assembly and school building and passed from his earthly taber~acle into two dormitories. The plans for the the presence of his Lord. After seventy- first buildi'D.g have been drawn (see ac-· four years of life, including over a half- companying diagrams), and it is excentury in the Christian ministry, he pected that the building will be com- ·rested from his labors. His last earthly pleted in September, in time for its dedtjourney was to the foreign mission field, cation by Dr. Robert E. Speer, who is and it was from Korea, where his eldest now on his way to the Orient. daughter is a missionary, that he was obliged to turn homeward. After his This Memorial Bible-School is desdeath some fr-iends contributed to a fund tined, we believe, to exert a marked into establish in Korea a memorial Bible- fluence on the future of the Christian sch.ool, which might be used to carryon Church in Korea. In the first place, it the work to which Dr. Pierson had de- is the result of many prayers, much voted his life and talents. careful thought, and not a little sac- rificial giving. Second, it is a union With the cooperation of the Pres- Bible-school, and so stands for a united byterian Mission (North) and the Meth- Christian Church. odist Episcopal Missions (North and South), a Union Bible-school has been Third: The course of instruction is to established in Seoul, the capital of Korea. be on sound Biblical and practical lines, Here the Bible is to be the text-book, without destructive criticism, but enand faith in its teachings and in Jesus couraging the best Spirit-filled scholar- Christ as the Son of God and Savior of ship. Fourth: The school is to be main- men are required as fundamental. For tained by the cooperating missions, so over three years this Bible-school has. that they will be responsible, and there been conducted in a building loaned by will be no need for a new independent the Methodist Seminary. Over 100 stu- organization.

dents have been in attendance, and a Christian friends are earnestly asked strong interdenominational faculty of to unite in prayer that God will abun- missionaries has conducted the instruc- dantly bless the work with spiritual life tion. .and fruit. The school is designed, not An interdenominational committee of primarily as a memorial to Arthur T.

friends in North America, of which Pierson, but as a gift of thanksgiving to Robert E. Speer is chairman, has drawn God for training witnesses to the Gos- up a constitution and by-laws, and has pel in Asia.

WODLD-WiDE

MISSIONADY NE S AFRICA and New Testaments, the history and missions of the Christian Church, the A Hymn Book for Moslems evidences of Christianity, the philos- ophy of religion, etc. It has been AN Arabic hymn book, w.ith fifty or said by those who apparently know, sixty hymns valuable for develop- that Assiut College gives the largest ing the Christian life, has been pre- amount of religious instruction of any pared under the direction of· the college in the United Presbyterian World's Sunday-School Associations' Church. There are I28 students in the Committee on Moslem Work. Bishop freshman class, 82 in the sophomore- Hartzell, of North Africa, chairman of class, S2 in the junior class, and 30 in the committee, reports that the hymns tile senior clwss. The last session and stories in the children's tracts are showed the largest attendance in the learned by heart and recited to groups four college classes in the history of here and there after the manner of the tht" college. Arab story-tellers. The Sunday-school scholars have already learned the story Glad Tidings from West and East of creation and the promise of re- .:lemption, and chant it after the manner BISHOP TUGWELL, describing a of the traveling Arab minstrels. tour in Nigeria, tells of the many villages, formerly entirely heathen, in "What is Assiut College?" which are now erected buildings for the worship of God. Again, among IT is the only Protestant Christian the wandering tribe of the Masai, in College for young men in a nation of East Africa, the bishop of Mombasa I2,000,000. More than that, there is no has in hand an experiment of a "moving other Christian College in the whole evangelistic school." Two African valley of the Nile, whether in Egypt or Christian teachers are willing to go and the Sudan. As it has been for these move about with the tribe, which rc-' fifty years, so it is now, the only source mains only six months in a given place, in all North Africa for the training of and is, therefore, difficult to reach by young men through college preparation any other method. Owing to the plantfor becoming Christian leaders of ing, prior to the outbreak of the war, thought and activity. The college con- of small mission-schools a few hours' sists of a preparatory department of distant from each other in the Church about 300 students, and a collegiate Missionary Society Mission in German department of about the same number. East Africa, the Bishop says: "All Four years are required for the the young men are at our feet for all course in the preparatory department. tHe teaching we can give them. Throughout the entire course, with very Would that the same spirit of inquiry slight exceptions, every student has were prevalent among the young men daily instruction in the principles of of our own more favored land!" Christianity, in the contents of the Old

Perplexing Questions in U&"anda asked if I might rest awhile at hers. I was' taken into a nicely furnished I N Uganda the Church Missionaty room and saw a bed with sheets, quilt, and pillows trimmed with handmade Society missionaries have to contend crochet work, and everything as clean with a curious heresy, which has as in my own home. She constantly created serious trouble in the native has women round her, and spends most church. One man, Malaki by 'name, of her time in teaching them. Mornformerly a Church Missionary Society ing and evening the bell goes for prayteacher, has announced himself as ers! and it is a cheering sight to see chosen by God-after the fashion of her afterward talking to them and try- John the Baptist-to go and baptize. ing to teach them of the God whom The Church Missionary Society mis- she loves. This is only one instance, sionaries require that' their' converts but in every town in Bechuanaland are shall be carefully instructed as cate- to be found women of whom we can chumens, and shall also learn to read say like her, 'She hath done what she the New Testament, before they re- could.' " ceive baptism. Malaki merely asks the Baganda if they desire baptism and if I ~arket Day on the Kongo they believe Jesus to be the Son of WISH you could see our market. It God; then he bapti~es all and sundry, using the Christian formula, but with- is held every Saturday just outside out any further preparation, not even insisting on repentance or the giving of the concession. The natives with up of open sin. In this promiscuous fashion Malaki has baptized thousands food to sell bring it there, and the workin a few months. (See REVIEW for April, page 309.) men buy with salt. Money is never used African Women Rising in such cases. We have quite a time MRSBe. chHuaOnWalaAndR,DwriWtinILg LhIoAmMe,S~aysc:f keeping the people who are not working "One woman, the head of a band of from buying all the stuff offered for sale workers, is the widow of the late chief Bathceu_ She has been in constan; before our men get off. So we have touch with missionaries since she was quite a girl, and for many years has to appoint sentries who let only those been a Christian. She was often at the mission house with her husband, inside who have food to sell until the and we knew time spent with them was never wasted, for they came eager to horn is blown for quitting, then you learn, and in turn they taught others. She was always anxious to know the should see the rush. Everyone yells use of everything and the way to keep things clean, and often sent her daugh- and makes a break for the circle; they ter to me during her holidays with the request that she should be taught. It sit down with the food in frootnhterofdethliecma~ seemed a small thing then, but 'little is the ants, caterpillars and much when God is in it,' and not long ago, being too tired one Sunday to cies are all bought in a few minutes. return to my own house between the morning and afternoon service, I Our having something like a hundred men added to the population has placed a premium on all food stuffs, and altho there is plenty of food for all, it takes some scrapping around to find it some- times. Crops will begin to come in again soon, and I hope the market will be much larger then.-J. A. STORKWELL, Wembo-Niama.

South Africa Missions THE Missionary Societies in South Africa are already feeling the pinch of financial loss through this dreadful war. The burden falls heavily on

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French, Swiss, English, and German ous plans and means of improvement.

Societies. Many of the French Mission- These plans have centered around the aries of the splendid Basutoland Mission services, the polity, the rites and cere- have been recalled to France, and all monies of the Armenian Church. We supplies have been stopt. are . persuaded that the Armenian There are said to be 400 German mis- church imperatively needs reformation sionaries in South Africa, but many of along these lines; that is the .demand them have farms on which they can fall of the times and it should be solved at back for the absolute necessities of life. once. The time has come for the suo A scheme is afoot for starting a "Mis- preme spiritual authorities of the Ar:'

sionary Help Fund" in the Transvaal, menian church to turn their serious with the idea of helping those who are attention to this subject and to labor really in need, more particularly the without delay to find the means for missionaries with families.-South Af- making possible in the near future the rican Pioneer. regeneration of the church.

ASIA-MOSLEM LANDS "But the real trouble with our church is not in that direction; it is much Moslems a Great Host more deeply concealed: our church has lost its vitality, spiritual life has ceased ACCORDING to an article in the to exist in it. It is necessary to re- Church Missionary Review the vivify, to impart new life to it; our Mohammedan world includes 20I,000,- church must be born again. But this 000 of people. Of these, 90,500,000 can never be brought about by mere are under British rule, 35,000,000 under external changes. The church must Russian and French, and 41,500,000 be changed from within."-The Orient. under other governments, chiefly the Dutch. Of. the remaining 34,000,000, What the War haa Meant to Syria about one-half or 18,000,000 are subjects of the Ottoman Empire. The T HE situation in Syria from the out- Allies (Great Britain, France, and break of war has been one of ex- Russia) thus rule over a preponderant treme tension and acute distress. majority of the world's Moslems, I26,- "There has never been such oppression so rigidly carried out," writes a Syrian 000,000. business man. "Tho no massacre has taken place, the people are being as The Regeneration of the Armenian surely killed by degrees." The con- Church UNDER this title an article by a scription has been most rigorous, and Gregorian named Raphael Melik- to furnish the army thus raised with Atamian, published in Van, has been its equipment and storeS', warehouses copied with strong words of approval and shops have been systematically in the recognized organ of the Gregorian plundered, and this extortion goes on church in Constantinople. unremittingly; there is no redress.

That it has no uncertain sound the Tho the missionaries of the British following quotations will show: "In Syrian Mission were obliged to with- recent years the unenviable condition draw when Turkey entered into the of our church and her absolute need of war, they were able to make arrange- improvement have occupied the atten- ments for the continuance of much of tion of many and become one of the the work by native teachers and Bible- questions of the day. Both ecclesiastics 'Women, under the superintendence of and laymen have spoken and written on memberS' of the American Mission.

this subject; they have proposed vari- The Bible-women are going on un-

interruptedly with their work in the INDIA various centers, and find their visits The Bible for the Blind greatly valued. One of them writes EMBOSSED Braille type for the that she finds the women welcome her blind makes a bulky Bible. An gladly as she goes from house to edition of the British and Foreign house, and that, broken down by the Bible Society contains thirty-nine voltrials through which they are passing, umes which fill a shelf seven feet long, they are much more responsive, and and it costs $25 to produce each set of listen eagerly to the message of com- volumes. Notwithstanding the heavy fort which she brings.-The Christian. cost, the Society publishes all or parts Urgent Need in Persia of the Bible for the blind in thirty-five THE situation in Urumia, described different languages.

in the May REVIEW, has grown so Most of the Tamil books for the much more serious that the American blind are in Moon's raised type, which Committee on Persian War Relief is is larger and easier to feel than Braile.

asking for a total of $100,000. Fifteen In this type there are now seventy-six thousand re fugees are still being cared Tamil ~olumes, including all the New for in Urumia, and Rev. Robert M. Testament. Braille, however, is much Labaree writes concerning them: "All less bulky than Moon's system, and h:ls these thousands, who have been saved the advantage that it can be 'written by from massacre in its most horrible the blind on their frames.

forms, have to be fed; three tons of I bread daily has been needed to keep Rice Christians in India T them from starvation. But there has HE Rev. R. P. Butterfield of the Church Missionary Society describes been other ministry to perform also. In yards, where 5,000 could scarcely find ac- the kind of "rice Christians" some of commodation, 10,000 have been crowded, hi~' Tamils are. Nearly every Christian and naturally there has been a fearful Tamil housewife, when putting the rice mortality among them, at times 40 a day. into the cooking pot for the evening For awhile it was unsafe to leave the and morning meals, places a handful of premises, and none of these could be the grain on one side for God's work.

buried; but later, when the way was Another "rice Christian" is mentioned opened, one missionary was kept busy in a report of the United Presbyterian most of the time attending to the burial miSSIOn. He was an Egyptian fellah of the dead. Then there was" the still working for six dollars a month, who more trying work of looking up cap- ate the cheapest kind of food or what tured girls and trying to get them re- others had thrown away, and often stored to their families, and other work went hungry, in order that he might which only one who has been in such send $4.50 of the $6 to help his brother circumstances can describe. And from who was preparing for the ministry.

now on there is even more to do. For This he did, not for one month or for these people must be sent back and one year, but for a number of years', started once more in their plundered until the brother was able to support homes, many of which have been en- himself. Last year he met with a pain- tirely destroyed." The conditions in ful accident, both his legs being cut off Van and Eastern Armenia are also piti- by a train. After weeks of suffering able. Christians are being murdered, he was able to be out again, but there and all their property destroyed. Never was little that he could do. He opened was there greater need of Christian a small store from which he earns the sympathy and help.. barest kind of a livelihood, but he al-

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ways has something for the Lord. "We tized. As we sat in a village comv.isited him in his little shop, and the munion service we were much interman's face lit up with a holy light ested in a conver~ation between several which comes only to him in whom Mohammedan and Hindu men. 'Just Christ dwells." look at those women and even children sitting quietly, and how they all sing. Hindu Rajah Translating the Bible Our women are noisy and do not know how to keep their children quiet.' THAT the influence of Christianity 'Those men are being called up before is far greater than can be measured all just because they have been gamin my statistics of adherents is recog- bling, and that woman because' she has nized by all who are familiar with con- been wearing charms to keep away the ditions. Rev. Frank H. Levering, of evil spirits. In our religion no one Secunderabad, Deccan, teIls a remark- ever thinks of putting away sins like able story of Rajah Bhujanga Ram, of that.' " EIIore, who has been translating the Gospels into high, poetical Telugu. He A Colporteur in Ceylon is a Hindu in religion. Some time ago his wife fell ill, and he took her to W HAT does it mean to be a Chris- Guntur, to Dr. Anna Kugler, for treat- tian Bible-seIler in Ceylon? Colment. The fact that she is a woman of porteur M. A. Fernando has his station great skill, and could command a large in an exceedingly difficult district, for income, if she stayed at home and the country round Kandy and its fapractised for money, and yet came out mous shrine is a fortress and strongto India to practise for Hindu women, hold of Buddhism. The people in attracted his attention. He decided to general are helpless and hopeless fatalstudy the cause. That led him to study ists, with hardly any concern for ~heir Christianity. He became deeply inter- own moral or spiritual welfare. Neverested, and as a result, he has translatd the less even here a spiritual movement the Gospels. is beginning. With the advance of edu- cation and the entrance of the Word The Raj ah says of himself: "My of God, there are large numbers of object in undertaking this' work is ~o these folk whose outlook on life is ensupply the long-felt want in the Telugu tirely changed, while those are on the Christian literature; and the mission- increase who gladly listen to the mesaries by patronizing these books are sage of the Gospel. During the past carrying out partly the object in my year Colporteur Fernando traveled 1,500 view and partly the dissemination of miles on his pilgrimage with the Scripthe Word of God, not only among tqe tures. He visited more than 600 vil- Christians, but also among my Hindu lages and hamlets', and sold 2,310 volbrethren." umes in Sinhalese, Tamil, and English. His field in some respects must be Many Truly Converted reckoned as one of the most needy as well as the most difficult in Ceylon. But A PRESBYTERIAN missionary in in village and in jungle, among railway India writes of the inner change coolies and low-caste folk, among and its outworking among converted wealthy landowners and poverty- Hindus! "Many secret believers who stricken peasants, the Word prospers never come near the missionary or na- in the thing whereto God sent it. tive worker for fear of being termed Men and women are hearing and readinquirers are being called Christians by ing, and by these channels salvation their own people. Their change of heart has told the story, even tho they are not ready to come out and be bap-

comes, as it carne of old.-The Bible mission, "and not a few would have made in the World. their mark anywhere in the world." With a view to building up a body of Chinese On the Border.of Tibet medical men able to teach medical science, the Foundation has decided to THE Church of Scotland's mission- establish six fellowships, each of $1,000 aries in Bhutan joyfully tell of the gold a year and traveling expenses, to final opening of the closed land on the enable Chinese graduates to study southern borders of Tibet-another step abroad. It is proposed, also, to aid the toward that impregnable fortress of mlsSlOnary societies in sending out Lamaism. Two Christian student trained nurses. Appropriations have teachers at Ha created such an im- been made for five nursing scholarships pression that the Maharajah himself is to enable Chinese nurses to come to the about to send to their school from leading schools in this country, and for twenty to twenty-five sons of his chief the translation of nursing text-books. men to learn! In the winter they will go down to KalilJ1pong and be under Baptisms Among the Miao the influence of the missionaries also. When some of the older students at REV. w. H. HUDSPETH recently Kalimpong heard of the Maharajah's made an extended tour among the determination, of their own initiative Miao, an aboriginal people in North they spent nearly the whole night in China, and experienced the joy of bapprayer over the matter. For that or tizing many who had embraced the some other reason the Maharajah later Christian faith. Those simple Chrisrequested that a teacher be sent to his tians can not unden,tand why it is that capital to teach his own family.-Sun- Christian nations are at war. In the day-School Times. Missionary Echo Mr. Hudspeth says: "Without a doubt the faith and teaching CHINA we have brought to these people is being shaken to its foundations. Why? why? Rockefeller's Plan for China they ask, does your country make war, since you have come here to teach us a As a result of a report by a special Gospel of peace. And we can not answer commission which made a first-hand them. But in spite of it all the Lord is study last year of public health and medi- with us, and during my last journey I cal practise in China, the Rockefeller baptized 406 people. In one center I Foundation has decided upon a compre- baptized 223, in a second 85, in a third hensive plan for improving medical and 45, and in a fourth 53. There were men hospital conditions in China. The Foun- and women and boys and girls of all dation has established a special organiza- ages. These people have a keen sense tion to be called the China Medical Board of sin, and some of them realized what of the Rockefeller Foundation, of which it meant to Jesus Christ to suffer on the E. C. Sage is secretary, and Roger S. cross." Greene is to be the resident director in Pekin. Before hospitals can be estab- Industrial School in Manchuria lished and before extensive work in public health al!d preventive medkine can T HE Chinese Christians of China's be done a large body of well-trained doc- I outpost, Manchuria, are about to tors must be secured. The commission open an industrial school in Mukden, and reported that it was greatly imprest by their reasons for taking the step are the work done by missionary societies in significant. Three of them are as folhospitals and medical schools. "The lows: standard among the medical missionaries in China is high," according to the com- It will attract to Christ and to the

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Church the sons of Christians who, when man. Dr. Wherry is one of a remarkapprenticed in the ordinary way to able group of J.oung old men in Peking: heathen firms-which, of course, con- Dr. W. A. P. Martin, Dr. John Wherry, tinue work on Sundays-are seldom al- Dr. Chauncey Goodrich, Dr. H. H. lowed even to attend church, and in too Lowry. He is not only a doctor of many cases lapse entirely. It will en- learning-both Western and Chinesecourage Christians to engage in new and before which one rightly stands in proprofitable industries, and will help to found admiration, but he also has a keen produce numbers of self-respecting and beautiful sympathy with all persons, Christian business men and craftsmen and an interest in all vital and prowho may be a credit to the Christian gressive issues, as broad as it is wholename, and supporters of every good some." cause in the community. It is in every way advantageous that ,the Christian Chinese Typewriter Invented membership, which is growing in influence as well as in numbers, should A YOUNG Chinese student of engihave an opportunity of combining in an neering in New York University undertaking like this one, which has a has invented what is said to be the first chance of success, and of proving there- Chinese typewriter. He completed the by their ability to engage in still more model a short time ago, and has patented important undertakings'. As self-support it in this country, China, and Japan. has its problems for the Manchurian The new machine has only three keys. church, this enterprise is a hopeful sign. One of these is a back spacer, another -Sunday-School Times. the space key, and the third is the key with which 4,200' characters are struck. Fifty Years of Service It is possible, according to the inventor, to make about 50,000 characters by com- REV. JOHN WHERRY, D.D., of binations of "radicals," or base char- China, celebrated this past winter his acters. jubilee year, having gone to China fifty years ago. Dr. Wherry has had a dis- There are two cylinders, five inches in tinguished career, having been a pro- diameter, and about ten inches long, on fessor in Princeton University before one of which is a copper plate containing going to the Orient. 4,200 minute characters. The other C011- tains a paper copy of the same char- In 1890, he was elected a member of acters, and is used as a guide to the lothe Wenli Bible Translation committee, cation of each character. On the rim serving on this committee for twenty- of this cylinder is a list of IIO "keyfour years. To the prosecution of this words" which indicate the location of important work, he has contributed his words or characters which start with the exact and comprehensive scholarship and same sounds as the keywords. The his excellent literary taste. He was also operator turns the copper cylinder until instrumental in organizing the North the desired character is in front of a China Tract Society. The Chinese Re- key, then he hits the key and the charcorder in editorial mention of this no- acter is printed, after which the turning table missionary's work, says: process is gone through again. At pre- sent this is done by hand, tho the in- "It is an inspiration to have among 11S ventor expects to perfect a mechanism to a man seventy-eight years old, who has control this. He claims that after bebeen in China fifty years, and who is coming familiar with the location of the still young in heart and fresh in mind, characters and the mechanism of the indeed young enough in years to be typewriter, a person should be able to doing efficiently the work of a strong

write 40 words a minute on the new mule can now be made in three hours. machine. The motor-cycle has solved the problem raised by the reduction in appropriation:;, Magazine for Chinese Children which had necessitated discharging seven of the seventeen native preachers. Mr. D R. DONALD MacGILLIVRAY, Littlewood says of this: "This meant of the Christian Literature Society that we must either close up seven places, for China, writes: "We have projected with their outstations, or find means of a new series of tracts on the deeper transit by which the remaining men aspects of Christian truth. These will could superintend them. The bicycles be short and inexpensive. Each tract have made that possible, and tho seven will cost about $20 for the first edition. men have been discontinued, not a single It is very encouraging to know that the place lias been closed.-Missionary Echo. spirit of evangelism has not been checked in any way by the European war. The A Whirlwind Campaign in China special campaigns have had large fruitage, and further province-wide cam- W HEN the Peking Association enpaigns are being planned. In connection tered in 1914 upon a campaign for with these the workers find a great need adding 600 to its membership, a typical of new literature for the enquirers, and Manchu aristocrat, brother of the Boxer hence the importance of this new series governor of Peking, and at- that time in of tracts. full sympathy with him, now spent days in his automobile hunting members for Mrs. MacGillivray is busy getting out the Y. M. C. A. Of .another Manchu the first number of a new magazine for nobleman, his wife remarked to a mis- Chinese children, called "Happy Child- sionary: "Since he joined that Assohood." This is a work which, tho un· ciation he has treated me kindly for the sought for, is very much after her own first time in our married life." This heart. She was invited to manage the whirlwind campaign brought in 654 new paper by Mrs. Henry W. Peabody, the members. founder of Everyland, in her recent visit to Shanghai. The expenses are guar- The Oberlin Shansi Mission anteed by the Women's Boards of the United States. Mrs. MacGillivray thinks T HE American Board has a prosand prays continually about it, and when perous work in North China, which one thinks of the millions of children is known as the Shansi Mission, and is who might be benefited by such a paper, the product of Oberlin missionary zeal the possibilities of good are simply and beneficence. From the first it has staggering. She has secured a Chinese been manned by Oberlin representations, artist, who works up suggestions in and supported as well by Oberlin money. native fashion, and is proving a great A few weeks since, in the college chapel, help. "Shansi Day" was kept, with a returned missionary present to make an appeal, A Chinese Cycle.Corps and subscriptions were called for, with the result that within a few minutes more REV. G. P. LITTLEWOOD, of the than $3,000 were pledged. London Missionary Society in A Chine.e Newspaper Competition Shantung, has harnessed the motor-cycle to his work, and organized his preachers THE Rev. Dr. John Darrouch is the into a cycle-corps. He secured some , authority for an interesting story of second-hand cycles in Tientsin. Each preacher has paid for his own, and they the effect of the war on the Chinese have lear1!-ed to ride very quickly. A mind. A Chinese editor promoted a journey that formerly took all day by problem competition on the most novel lines. He said to his, readers, "We read

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WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS in the foreign papers that the Czar, the with persons of education and influence German Emperor, and the British King in the town. In conclusion, the Chris- each went to their temple to pray. While tianization of Japan is no holiday task; these countries have different modes of indeed, it is certain to be a long and worship they aU worship the same God. severe campaign." How could God answer all those prayel~?" That was the conundrum he A Christian Manufacturer and placed before his readers and offered Philanthropist one hundred doUars for the best solution, which he stipulated should not be sar- MR. M. OHARA, of Kurashiki, Okacastic. yama Prefecture, who, since the death of Juji Ishii, has become the official JAPAN-K9REA nead of Okayama Orphanage, is in many respects a remarkable man. Thirty-four Needs of the Church in Japan years of age, the second wealthiest man in Okayama Prefecture, the sales from I Na thoughtful article in The Christian whose rice fields annually amount to Work; President Harada of the 50,000 bushels, the largest shareholder Doshisha points out some of the problems and president of two cotton mills, the which seem to him to confront the Chris- owner of a good part of the wealthy tian Church in Japan, as follows: and thriving town of Kurashiki, possest of a keen business intellect, a man of "One of the most imperative problems the strictest probity, and of higher ideals is· the unification of the various branches in business and social relations than most of the Church. The expansion of Chris- of his associates, a practical reformer, tian education is the second urgent need. an astute judge of men, and, in his best Thirty years ago Christian higher edu- moments, a believer in God and a seeker cational institutions could compare fa- after spiritual verities, his is an intervorably with the corresponding grade of esting personality. government institutions in both equipment and work, and Christian girls' Some ten years ago he became a warm schools were admittedly in the front friend and admirer of Mr. Ishii, by rank. Meanwhile, however, government whom he was induced to study, the Bible and public schools have advanced a hun- and believe in Christianity. He was dred paces, while Christian schools have baptized in Ig07. His faith takes a practaken but two or three faltering steps. tical and ethical, rather than a contem- Japan needs more teachers and scholars plative or spiritual direction. He is of the highest character and scholarship rarely seen at church, and thus far from abroad. Japan needs also to be prefers to use his wealth for the social visited by Christians of less specialized betterment of the public, rather than for training-men of standing in the busi- religious causes, in the strict sense 0 f ness and political worlds, leaders in in- that word. dustry and applied science. . . . There is need for the Christian forces to pay The European War in Japanese Eyes more attention to promoting international peace. . . . The time has come for a A RECENT editorial by the editor of large proportion of missionaries to be a Japanese magazine deplores the sent into the interior, out into the towns monstrous eruption of inhumanity in and villages of ten or fifteen thousand Europe, states its cause, places the reinhabitants. They should live with the sponsibility, and cites the remedy. As people like parish priests, knowing them to the character of the European erupin their most intimate needs, and estab- tion, he says : "Western nations had for lishing lifelong friendships, especially th'e most part assumed an oversight of

their smaller neighbors, and an attitude "Bible-Pockets" in Korea of dictatorial superiority to the nations of the East, until the latter at least had BIBLE study in Korea has been emcome to believe that the Occident had phasized as in no other field, so that no doubt of its own excellence. it becomes. part of the intellectual equip- ment of every Christian who is normally "The story of it is one for which the constituted. Before baptism each candiwhite races must blush with ignominy date is expected to read the life of Christ and shame forever. For destruction of as found in one or more Gospels, and invaluable and irreparable treasure, for to be so familiar with its. facts that he waste of vast sums gathered from the can stand a rigorous examination. The unrequited toil of millions, for unloosing Bible has been the book in the training of the fiercest passions and the gratifica- of the native pastorate, and the Bible tion of greed and lust, and for the sow- text, rather than lesson-helps and coming of inhuman enmities never to be for- mentaries, is the great underlying foungotten, this Europe'an horror has no pre- dation of Korea's famous Sundaycedent in all the savagery of the past. schools. But ,best of all, it has become Here we see what Europe can do when part and parcel of the Christian. It has it gives free rein to its subconscious even introduced a convenience in dress, self." The national costume had no pockets, But the Korean s'imply must carry his Six Million Unevangelized Women Bible with him. At first he used to wrap it and his hymn-book in a napkin which OF the 34 graduates of the Lambuth he held in his hand or slung over his ,Memorial Bible Woman's Training shoulder. Influenced by his American School, Kobe, 22 are now working as teachers, he extemporized a pocket in evangelists, 5 are wives of preachers, 5 his jacket, the first one known to the are married to Christian laymen, oue is natives, and hence still called the "Bible studying in the Woman's University at pocket."-The Continent. Tokyo, and one is at home with her mother. Social conditions' are such in Systematic Soul-Winning in Korea Japan that the sending of these young women out after graduation without mis- KOREA is known as a mission field sionary women to supervise them is at- in which definite SOUl-winning is tended with the very gravest dangers. emphasized as' a necessary part of every The efficiency of these women would be Christian's life. A missionary thus demore than trebled by the wise leadership scribes some of the methods of personal of godly women missionaries. Is it pos- work used by the Korean Christians. sible that we look to our Church in "Soon after my arrival I was assigned America in vain for such women? Is it to do visiting in certain homes, and a really known and has it sunk down into little book was given me containing the our consciousness that there are 6,000,- names' of each believer. On each page 000 unevangelized women in the ten was a second name, and when I asked provinces in which the Japan mission of what that meant I was informed that the M, E. Church, South, works? Surely that was the name of the unbelieving this is not known or else it has not taken woman for whom this believing woman hold of the Church, for we beli~ve there had promised to work and pray until she would be a quick and hearty response became a Christian. I was also reto so ,great a need. We have now only quested as soon as one had become a two single women evangelistic mission- Christian to put her name in another aries for this great task. place and have the first sister decide on another for whom she would work and

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

pray. Many of them have been marked BRITISH ISLES off and others put in their places. Pretty definite llersonal work, is it not?" Salvationists in Khaki Japanese Report on Korea SOME 20 yeilrs ago, the late General Booth organized a Naval and Mili- A GREAT testimony to the influence tary League, to provide facilities for of Christianity in Korea was given mutual fellowship between Salvationists through the report of the Japanese Gov- in the army and navy. Now, in war ernment. After it complained of the time, at something like 120 military weakness of Buddhism it said: "Chris- centers up and down the kingdom, Saltianity, on the contrary, has' won much vation .Army officers are ministering to in influence during the last years. Chris- the varying needs of the troops. One tian missions are not only active in circumstance which makeS' the work of evangelization of the nation, but they are the Army differ from all other efforts of also very busy and successful in medical the kind, is the important share which and educational efforts, and through this women are allowed to take in it. Most they win great confidence among the of the Salvation Army stations are in people. The report gives the number of charge of married officers, and the in- Catholic Christians to be 80,000, and fluence of the women, who "mother" the that of Protestants 360,000. There are soldiers, correspond for them with their here more than 1,000 native pastorS', and parents and wives and sweethearts, do a large number of the Christian congre- bits of mending for them, and advise gations are self-supporting; 30,000 pupils them in numerous ways, has been of are in the mission schools. peculiar value.

Fifty Years in Formosa On the Continent, too, the Salvation Army is' doing much to alleviate the lot T HE year 1915 will be the jubilee of of the men in action. Since the end of modern Protestant missionary effort November, five motor ambulance cars, so far as the island of Formosa is con- purchased and equipped out of money cerned, for it was in the year 1865 that (£2,500) raised entirely by Salvationists, the English Presbyterian mission started and manned exclusively by Salvationist work there. Some earlier work was drivers and orderlies, have been busily done in the seventeenth century by the engaged at the front, and have received Dutch, who traded there in that period. the warmest commendation from the They built churches and sent out clergy- military authorities. men to preach to the Dutch colonists and the natives; but in 1682 the island Successful Advertising for Missions became a part of the Chinese Empire, and the work that had been done by the THE Wesleyan Missionary Society in Dutch clergymen was lost si~ht of. In Great Britain has proved the value 1865 the English Presbyterians entered of newspaper advertising in a comparathe island, and in 1872 the Canadian tively new field. The Society has to Presbyterians joined them. raise annually nearly £170,000, and this year, owing to the war and the calls for The island is' characterized by much philanthropy upon the nation, the comnatural beauty: hence its name Formosa mittee feared that a deficit might result. (Portuguese-beautiful.) In 1895 it They adopted certain expedients known was c~ded to Japan by treaty with China, to the organizer, and stimulated an in- and since then missionary work has been creased amount of giving; but even s'o, conducted with fewer t..estrictions than the year seemed to be closing without the formerly. Society obtaining the amount which had been budgeted. Some of the keen busi-

ness men on the' committee proposed that Germans in British Colonies F an advertising campaign should be com- IFTEEN different German Mission societies labor in the British colonies. menced in the Methodist journals. They amI their friends raised a special fund Before the war they employed 499 mis- for the purpose and the scheme was set sionaries and 94 unmarried lady misgoing. As a result, the Society has sionaries; the number of native Chris- closed its year with the whole of the tians converted through these societies sum necessary to meet the budgeted ex- is 4I9,070. The continuation of the penditure. German missions in British territories is THE CONTINENT doubtful. Some papers, especially in South Germany, are very strongly op- French Missions in Need posed to the spending of German money T HB Societe des Missions Evange- for work ,in British territory. The Ger- liques de Paris finds itself in such man mission is a work of three genera- financial straits because of the war, that tions, and it has demanded very great it has appointed Rev. E. A. Ford, of its sacriiices.-Evangelischcs. M issions-Ma- Kongo Mission~ to raise funds in the gazin.

United States. Mr. Ford was a mission- Work for Prisoners of War A ary of the American Presbyterian Board MONG the prisoners in Germany, near Magdeburg, is an Anglican for twenty years in its West African Mission, but when the Baraka station, priest, the Rev. B. O'Rourke. This in the French Kongo, wrere he was, was group of prisoners is a very mixed comturned over to the French society, Mr. pany, made up of soldiers from all parts Ford became associated with that or- of the allied armies, but they seem very ganization. M. Casalis, Secretary of the friendly together and are taking the opsociety, in his' article in the April Reviezc; . portunity of learning each other's lanon the effects of the war on their work, guages. A large dormitory has been told of' the sacrifices made by African made into a chapel, where they have no Christians in order to maintain the work, less than three altars-one for the Rusand Mr. Ford quotes the example of the sians, one for the Roman Catholics, and native evangelist at Baraka, who was a one for the Anglicans. The English little slave-boy, given to the mission- choir is quite good, the choirmaster being aries by a native trader more than fifty an officer in the artillery. Mr. O'Rourke years ago, and who has spent his entire and the Roman Catholic priest are studylife in the service of the mission. ing'theology together, and they use each Monsieur Hermann writes: "I have other's robes and vestments. A correscut off the salaries of two catechists, pondent also tells us that the Roman and the Mpongwe and Fang churches Catholics in Rouen are giving the use will try to give them, if not their entire of two of their churches for Anglican pay, at least enough to live on. I was very much touched by ou~ station cate- services.

chist, Iguwe, who is paid entirely by the Bibles for Soldiers F Mpongwe Church, and who receives $7 ROM Petrograd Dr. Kean, the Bible Society's agent, sends interesting a month. After I had explained the situation to the elders of the church, particulars of the war distribution of asking them to undertake also the sup- the Scriptures in Russia. "A Russian port of one of the catechists among the committee has been formed, with Baron Fang, he offered of his own accord to Nicolay as its secretary, to give away give up $2 of his monthly wage, if the Gospels among troops at the front, For church could not rais'e the full amount." sick and wounded soldiers we are supply-

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

ing as many copies as are needed free The Presbyterian Board of Foreign of charge. In cities like Petrograd, Missions (U. S. A.) shows a surplus for Moscow, Kieff, and Samara, these are the year of $~o,ooo, in addition to delivered to the hospitals, and placed in $160,000 subscribed to the deficit.of 1914. the hands of the patients by members of The total receipts for all purposes during our own staff; at less acces'Sible places the year were $2,427,ooo-the largest in they are distributed through the officials the Board's history-except when the of the Russian Red Cross Society. A Kennedy Fund was received. This detachment of the United States Red Board has provided for the sending out Cross passing through Petrograd on its of 60 new missionaries. way t6 Kieff took charge of a supply of Gospels for distribution. Baron Nic- According to the New York Times, olay's committee also undertakes to visit $75,000,000 was spent in missionary work hospitals, and to put into the hands of during the year 1914-1915, $20,000,000 sick and wounded soldiers the Gospels of which was spent for foreign missions presented by our Society.:' and $55,000,000 for home missions.

NORTH AMERICA In response to our inquiries, most of the Mission Boards state that they have War and the Financial Situation made no change in their policies as to appropriations or the sending of new EIGHT months after the unpreceden- missionaries. The ranks are being filled ted disturbance of the business and up-except in Turkey-and new recruits financial world by the beginning of the .sent so far as men and funds are avail- European war, it is interesting to note able. "N0 retreat" is the cry sounded that Christians in America have gener- forth to the churches. Some, the ally continued their missionary gifts, in Southern Baptists, have even been calladdition to their contributions to the Bel- ing for an.'advance movement. gians', Persians, and Red Cross work. Few lines of business, not engaged in The comparative incomes for the leadhandling war supplies or news publish- ing mission boards for last year and this ing, could show such a record. year show an inspiring response to the call for "no retreat."

Last Year This Year Increase Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions (North)t .. $1,885,624 $2,051,747 $166,123:1: Presbyterian Board, Home Missions (North)t. . . . .. 1,381,066 1,441,427 60,361 Methodist Board Foreign Missions (North),t October 1,482,528 1,588,755 106,227 Methodist Board Home Missions (North), October.. 782,405 2,093 Methodist Board of Missions, Foreignt (South)…. 922,440 784,498 140,530'" Methodist Board of Missions, Hornet (South)…… 377,172 861,910 6,574* Presbyterian F. M. Committee (South), January…. 637,351 370,598 76,443* Presbyterian Home Missions Committee (South)… 168,670 560,908 1,104* American Baptist Foreign Mission Society………. 1,110,793 167,566 143,475:1: American Baptist Home Mission Society………… 555,047 1,364,268 8,123 Southern Baptist Convention F. M. Board.. . . . . . . . . . . 587,458 646,924 50,385 American Board C. F. M. (7 months, to March 31st) 336,575 537,073 23,670 360,246 *Decrease. tlncIuding Women's Boards. ;J:lncluding gifts t(} deficit.

Baptist Foreign Mission Finances gross budget income for the year exceed- ed that of the previous year by $36,087, T HE American Baptist Foreign Mis- of which $33,946 came from churches, sion Society closed one of the most Sunday-schools, and young people's sodifficult years of its history (March 31st) cieties. The total expenditure~' compared with a debt of only $~3,I6I.07. The

with those of the previous year were in- thousand communicants, which was pro- creased only $3,000. Under all circum- ductive of striking results, financial, stances, the results are most gratifying. social and spiritual. Only two persons The deficit was due to decreases in re- were found in the parish who declined ceipts from legacies, matured annuity to give anything. Nearly three hun- bonds, and individual donations. The dred persons who never gave system- splendid advance by the churches was atically to anything. before have now not sufficient to overcome these handi- pledged themselves for both the parish caps. Efforts are now being made to and missions. The amount pledged to raise the small deficit before the Con- missions has been increased from $r,300 vention meets at Los Angeles. to $2,700, and the contributions for parish support have, at the same time. Previous to the close of the year con- been nearly doubled. The workers in siderable publicity was given to some Nashville feel that such a campaign is features of the preliminary estimates of a thoroughly efficient and businesslike the budget for the new year, particularly method of dealing with missionary supthe reduction of approximately $roo,ooo port and interest. They say, "Our that seemed necessary in foreign-field King calls us to scheme and plan and appropriations. The increas'e in incorne work. He tells us to set the biggest over the preceding year, especially in brains we have to devise the best receipts from churches, might have jus- methods to carry out the biggest work tified a material increase over the figures He has ever given men to do; to carry of the preliminary budget. Two factors, it out with the least waste, and to go however, led the Board to decide that it into such detail about it that every was inexpedient to add to the authorized man, woman and child shall have a expenditures for the new year. share in it, and feel re.sponsibility for it.

1. The debt from last year w.ould ab- sorb practically the entire gain in the College Mission Study Classes gifts of the churches. 2. A study of the I several sections of the income shows T is exhilarating to note the increasing interest being taken by college men that in some of them reductions appear certain. Under these circumstances, the in foreign missionary undertakings. In- Board reluctantly concluded to adhere quiries are coming to us from new in- to the figures of the preliminary budget. stitutions and concerning all kinds of Some relief on the field is secured by the missionary enterprises. A letter from transfer to foreign-field appropriations the president of one of the leading state of $10,000 saved from home expendi- agricultural colleges of the country re- tures by the resignation of General Sec- ports that six or eight juniors and retary Hunt, Foreign Secretary Baldwin, seniors have asked that a class be formed and Vice-Treasurer Barnes. This trans- for the study of agricultural missions, fer permits the return of about six or and requests to be put in communication eight missionary families out of 37 with those who can open up to them that whose furloughs have expired. subject. Again a class is formed of By this policy of a reduction in the students in a leading school of tech- budget the society may be safeguarded nology for the study of industrial mis- from chronic indebtedness. sion work, and aid is asked in present- ing to it the conditions of industrial life An Every-Member Canvass in mission lands and the efforts that are CHRIST CHURCH in Nashville, being made under missionary leaders to .J Tennessee, conducted in the autumn improve those conditions. The fact is, an every-member canvass among its. the eyes of our educated and thoughtful

young men are being turned to world lage, about one hundred miles from problems, and they are beginning to see Hammond, surrounded by a rich farm- the significance of the missionary enter- ing country. Evangelistic meetings, held prise in its effort to make better men in in a tent, and widely advertised through a better world.-Missionary Herald. the countryside, were attended by crowds, and not one night went by without con- Cooperation in City Missiona versions. There were I27 added-I22 THE New York City Missions Coun- adults, 98 baptisms. Every wife who cil of Manhattan, Richmond, and came in, except three, had the joy of the Bronx is an organization composed having her husband with her. of representatives of the leading Protes- On Sunday, nineteen days from the tant bodies carrying on city mission work beginning, about $7,000 was raised to within the three boroughs named. Its build immediately a $IO,OOO church. One purpose is defined by its constitution to of the converts-the man who owned the be-,—"to promote better understanding local elevator, and who founded the and acquaintance among those engaged town-donated the village park, and the in city missions and church extension_ new church will stand in the middle of work in New York City, with a view to the park.

securing the adoption of a common A Japanese Revival in Loa Angelea policy, and wherever practicable con- T certed action with reference to the prob- WENTY-FIVE years ago a young man of sixteen was driven from his lems which affect the interests of all alike, such as the evangelization of the home in an interior town in northern foreign population of the city; the loca- Japan because he believed in Vaso ting of new churches in undeveloped ( Jesus). Through the kindnes's of portions of the city; and the mainten- friendly missionaries he came to the ance of Christian work in difficult fields Moody Bible Institute in Chicago and where change of popUlation has made a fitted himself for a lay preacher. Re- change of methods desirable." turning to his native country full of pur- The Council has now been in exist- pose and hope, he tried to present Christ ence for more than a year, and among to his parents, who had driven him from the definite results accomplished are, the· home. Later he had the joy of seeing consolidation of the work of the Metho- his father and mother and two younger dists and the Baptists in Chinatown, brothers accept Christ. As he went about union services for Italians in the Bronx, in the towns and villages of Japan he and a conference of the different denomi- was often lovingly called the "Moody of nations carrying on work among Hun- Japan."

garians. Recently this same Japanese Christian; Plant a Church Every Year Rev. Mr. Kimura, a pastor now of a congregational church in Kyoto, held a T HE Christian Church" at Hammond, series' of special meetings among the Ind., some time ago, adopted the Japanese at Los Angeles. Fresh from a "Plant a Church a Year" program, and, campaign among the Japanese in Hono- for a number of years, has either planted, lulu, where it is said that more than or been instrumental in planting, a new 1,000 decided to become Christians, he .church each year. .Each of these came to Los Angeles to help in an inter- churches is alive and carrying on its denominational series of meetings, which work inits community. One church, for have led to a genuine revival among the example, was established in a small vil- Japanese resident~.

LATIN AMERICA of both church and school, with new laws to regulate religious and educational The Church and Patriotism in. Mexico institutions. Some missionaries believe that the outcome will be a great move- T HE author of a pamphlet entitled ment towara Jesus Christ. Others, like "The Religious Question in Mexico," Don Alyandro Trevino, a gifted ,preacher which is quoted in The Churchman, from Monterey, fear that the tendency repels as altogether false the charge that of the Roman Catholics will be to swing the Mexican revolutionists are hostile to from religious fanaticism to infidelity. the Church. The Spanish domination, he says, was always allied with the higher The Money.Lender'. Conversion official clergy and it is this element which he affirms is to-day working hand in hand MR. F. C. GLASS, representative of with the enemies of Mexican freedom. the British and Foreign Bible So- The lower clergy always championed the ciety in Brazil, tells the story of Samuel cause of the poor and the opprest, and Mello, a successful money-lender, who, native members of the Church led the through reading a Gospel which had been rebellion against the Spanish domina- given him, then reading Pilgrim's Progtion. Some of its most famous leaders ress, and finally hearing a sermon on belonged to the priesthood, but the The Rich Young Man, was led, step exalted Church dignitaries are a class by step, to a complete surtender of himby themselves. They represent Spanish self to Christ. The first and most pracrule and they are responsible for the tical evidence of his conversion was a policy by which Mexico was covered large sign posted on his place of busiwith convents and monasteries filled with ness: "No more loans on s.ecuiities. friars and nuns, the most part living in This business is in liquidation," and he idleness on the labors of the peons. They went straightforward from that hour. never displayed any consideration for He wound up his business with great the poor native clergy, many of thetl1 sacrifice, renounced doubtful things, and native Mexicans and Indians who helped gave himself, his family, and his all to the people and fought for them. God. His old friends thought him de- mented, but in reality he had "come to The Roman Church in Mexico is des- himself." cribed as a house divided against itself. It possesses no unity of purpose, it has Within three months he was preaching no honest desire to uplift, to educate the Gospel with wonderful freedom and and alleviate the needs and sorrows of convincing power, and the hall in Sao the masses. Paulo was nightly thronged with eager hearers. He became a man of prayer What is Coming in Mexico? and was mighty in the Scriptures; and he was an ardent winner of souls. His THERE is not only a political upheaval earnest, forceful presentation of truth in Mexico but a treriIendous religious proved irresistible, and souls were s'aved upheaval is taking place. This is seen whenever he spoke. He undertook sevin the pillaging of churches, the burnin~ eral evangelistic campaigns, conducting of "confessional boxes," the total. or services in the villages and towns with partial destruction of church edifices that much blessing, altho accompanied with much privation and hardship. . have been generations in building, the banishment of Roman Catholic leaders

ro:' —I ON MISSIONS

tAND ~ LANDS ttl MISSION- ,/'.1' , …

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RECENT BOOKS ON JAPAN ought to prevail between the two coun. tries. They are convinced that many REVIEWS BY REV. ARTHUR J. BROWN, D.D. ,Americans do not understand the position of the Japanese, and that some preju- Japan is a subject of perennial in- dices have developed from this misunderterest to authors, and the reading public standing. The editor, therefore, says, shows no less interest in the volumes that he has collected the views of reprethat appear. The Su;rise Kingdom and sentative Japanese and made them acits people must be reckoned with not only cessible in the English language, in the in Far Eastern affairs but in many of hope that Americans who read the book the large world movements of the age. "will find out of their open-hearted spirit Among the many recent books, we wish the true Japan represented in it." to can special attention to four: Japan to America. Edited by Naoichi Japan To-day and To-morrow. By Ham- Masaoka. 12mo. 235 pp. $1.25, net. G. ilton Wright Mabie. 12mo. $2.00. The P. Putnam's Sons, New York, 1915. Macmillan Co., New York, 1915. The well-known editor of The Out- This symposium on the relations be- tween Japan and the United States, look has given the result of his studies edited by Mr. Naoichi Masaoka, consists and impressions during his recent visit of papers by thirty-five writers, includ- to Japan. He writes in a charmingly ing Japanese statesmen like Count readable way of the background of Okuma, Viscount Kaneko, and others, Japan, the genius of Shinto, the cities of uniV!ersity presidents and professors, Tokyo and Kyoto, village homes and authors, heads of large business enter- people, the Inland Sea, theaters and prises, editors of leading journals, and plays, pilgrims and shrines, Nikko and leaders of the Christian Church. One PDrt Arthur, while the closing chapters reads the book with a gratification that give a fine portraiture of Count Okuma, is not unmingled with anxiety: gratifica- the Prime Minister, and describe three tion because of the warmth of friendli- stages of intercourse between Japan and ness which the writers manifest; anx- other countries. The book has that high iety because the undertone of a consider- literary quality which one has come to able number of these papers is one of expect from such a gifted writer as Dr. rankling injustice. Writer after writer Mabie. Its careful reading will do much gives more or less definite expression to to strengthen the friendly feeling which a conviction that the Japanese in Amer- the best Americans have for Japan, and ica are not being fairly treated, and that to give a deeper respect for its people. the Japanese nation has a just grievance against the United States which may The Faith of Japan. By Tasuku Harada, lead to serious consequences unless the LL.D. 12mo. $1.25. The Macmillan Co. cause is removed. They mention this 1915. ' with sorrow, and they are at pains to emphasize in the strongest possible way This book, small in size, but large in the kindly feelings which they believe interest, consists of a series of lectures delivered on the Hartford-Lamson Foun- dation at Hartford Theological Semi-

nary. The author is one. of the most tian churches and missionary bodies distinguished of Japanese Christians, should accelerate their pace. The situa- and President of Doshisha University, tion in the whole Orient, in fact, con- Kyoto~ His object is to interpret to stitutes one of the most splendid oppor- European and American readers the tunities, and at the same time one of the spirit of Christianity as it is conceived gravest crises, in the whole history of by growing numbers of the Japanese, and the Church. With every passing year as it is finding expression in their lives, the opportunity is slipping farther from their churches and their literature. Dr. her grasp. I make bold to say that her Harada's viewpoint leads him to some victory or defeat in Japan will largely conclusions which seem odd to an Ameri- determine the future of Christianity in can reader, for he looks at Christianity the whole Far East." from a background of centuries of Buddhism and Shintoism. He shows us again A History of the Japanese People. .By what W. Petrie Watson showed at such Captain F. Brinkley. Maps and illustralength in his notable volume, "The tions. 8.vo. 784 pp. $4.50. Encyclopedia Future of Japan," that the Japanese Britannica Company, New Yark and Lonmind conceives of Christianity in some- don, 1915. what different terms from the Anglo- Saxon mind. The book is one that This is a notable contribution to hisshould be carefully studied by those who torical literature. Few men have wish to under~tand what ideas of Chris- equaled Captain Brinkley's knowledge of tianity most appeal to thoughtful Japan- Japan. He was for m;my years the ese and what forms of Christianity are editor of The Japan Mail, one of the developing among them. It is profounrl.- ablest and most influential of all the ly significant that this great Japanese foreign newspapers in Asia. He was a leader should close as follows: recognized authority on Far Eastern affairs. A Briton by birth and citizen- "In conclusion, it is important for ship, he lived so long in Japan that he everyone concerned to realize that the thoroughly understood its government Christianization of Japan is no holiday and people. He was a profound student task; indeed, it is certain to be a long of their history, a keen observer of and severe campaign. Since the time Japanese progress, and often the trusted when Christianity assimilated Greek adviser of goyernmentofficials. This thought and conquered R?man civiliza- volume is literally encyclopedic in its tion, it has never faced a task so stupen- scope and detail. Indeed, the word en-' dous as that of the conquest of the cyclopedic best describes both its value Orient. Japan, with all her progress in and its limitations.. The author begins the arts and crafts of civilization and all with the earliest times and comes down het friendliness toward Christian ethical to the end of the Meiji era. The volume standards, is far from being a Christian indicates an enormous amount of time nation. Yet, gigantic as are the internal and labor in research work, and no one forces arrayed against Christianity, the who wishes to have the most reliable Christian cohorts are daily growing in data regarding Japanese history will wish numbers and efficiency, and there are to miss it. The style and matter are those of an encyclopedia for reference multitudes of Nicodemuses needing only rather than a volume to be read with a crisis to bring them out into the open. enjoyment; but the purpose of the book The disquieting consideration is that the perhaps rendered this inevitable. tides of the new social and religious life are waiting for no man. To keep up Baron Kikuchi, former President of with these rapid movements, the 'Chris- the Imperial University of Tokyo, writes an appreciative introduction.

ON MISSIONS AND MISSION LANDS

OTHER VOLUMES working together for the furtherance of In Camp and Tepee. An Indian Mission certain purposes in eastern Asia and allied countries in the titanic world-con- Story. By Elizabeth M. Page. Illus- flict that has been precipitated by the trated. 12mo. 245 pp. $1.00. Fleming European war. Those who are familia" H. Revell Co.. New York, 1915. with Stephen Grahams former writings about Russia and the Russians will turn We have heard much of the wrong with eager interest to this book. Graham of the Indians-the "Century of Dis- is a combination of wanderer, poet, honor" for the white man. Here is a mystic, nature-lover and humanity-lover. captivating story of the white mission- He has roamed, not only through many aries' efforts to right the wrongs of the parts of Russia, but into the vast and Red man by giving them both the mate- comparatively little known regions of rial and the spiritual benefit of Chris- Siberia and Eastern Asia. He is never tianity. so happy as when he is upon' the road, strolling among the common people, Mrs. Page gives a graphic account of looking into their homes, talking with one type of successful mission work- men, women and little children, and that at Colony, Oklahoma, where her entering into sympathy with their trials sister Mrs. Walter C. Roe and Dr. Roe and problems. Graham, altho a Scotchlabored so effectively. J':.1ohonk Lodge man, has lived long enough in Russia became, under their leadership, a com- to understand its language and to enter munity center for the Indians, a House into thorough sympathy with the life of of Industry, and a new birthplace for its common people. When the war broke many. out, he was in an Altai Cossack village on the frontier of Mongolia, twelve In this volume we have glimpses of hundred versts from the Siberian railthe sufferings of the Indians who were way, happy and carefree, as he usually deprived of their homes and sent to reser- is. This book is a study of the war and vations; of the devastation of mescal, a statement of the world-problems that and the efforts to teach the Indians the now confront Russia and Great Britain. true way. But the strength and interest Like some of his former books, the of the story is found in the personal chapters are not always closely connected histories of Indians who have found the and are of unequal value; but the book Light. Geronimo, the Apache chief; has that charm of thought and expres- Nahwatz and his adopted daughter. sion which we have learned to expect Dorothy; Periconic, the converted from Stephen Graham. It throbs with mescal man, and Henry Roe Cloud, the the human element. Winnebago boy. The stories of these redeemed Red men give courage to The Real Turk. By Stanwood Cobb. I1workers among the Indians, 'for they lu~trated. 8vo. 301 pp. $1.50, net. Pilreveal the methods that have proved gnm Press, Boston, 1914. effective, and the results that abide. The narrative is of unusual human interest, and is most entertaining as well as instructive.

Russia and the World. By Stephen Gra- Turkey is attracting much attention in h1a9m1~. 8vo. $2.00. The Macmillan Co~ these days which may mark the dying struggles of a once powerful Empire. TjIe whirligig of time makes some Mr. Cobb, as a result of three years among the Turks, has given us here a strange revolutions. Ten years ago, clever picture of the country and people, the business conditions; Turkish women Russia and Japan were bitter enemies and home life; Turkish schools' in con- trast to American educational instituengaged in a life-and-death struggle fa; the NmoarsttheryPaco'fificKoSreeaa~. MNaonwch, utrhiae~ and the are

[June tions; Islam, the inner life and outward Around the World with Jack and Janet. A Study of Missions. By Norma R. observances., He closes with an appeal Waterbury. Illustrated. 12mo. Paper for education, for world peace, and the cover. Central Comq1ittee on the United brotherhood of man. Mr. Cobb believes Study of Foreign Missions, West Medin the Turk and likes him, so that he ford, Mass., 1915. Home Missions and the Social Quesgives a picture of the better side of his tion. By M. Katharine Bennett. 18 nature. The author does not believe that cents. Council of Women for Home Missions, New York, 1915. Christianity is making progress against Rising Churches in Non-Christian Islam, because he can not find numerous Lands. A Discussion of the Native Church. By Arthur J. Brown. Cloth, 60 converts. He fails to see the undermining cents; paper, 40 cents. Missionary Edu- process which is making the whole Mos- cation Movement, New York, 1915. lem system totter. and will ultimately The Churches at Work. A Statement of the Work of the Church in the Local cause it to fall. . He is destined to meet Community and the Relation of the In- with a surprize such as is astonishing dividual Thereto. By Charles L. White.

those who thought that Chinese and Cloth, 60 cents; paper, 40 cents. Misothers could not be converted. Mr. Cobb sionary Education Movement, New York, 1915.

is an advocate of the reformation of old Efficiency Points. Studies in Missionary Fundamentals, Including the MiSSIOnary religions rather than the regeneration Message of the Bible, Service, Giving, of mankind. He sees the benefits of and Prayer. By W. E. Doughty. Cloth, temporal ministrationS', but hCl,s no sense 25 cents. Missionary Education Move- ment, New York, 1915. to test the need for spiritual transforma- Comrades in Service. Twelve Brief tion, or the 'power that can accomplish Biographies of Persons who have Spent their Lives in Service. For young men it. and women seventeen to twenty years of Christian Missions in Madagascar. By age. By Margaret E. Burton. Cloth, 60 E. O. McMahon. Illustrated. 12mo. 179 cents; paper, 40" cents. Missionary Edu- pp. 2s., net. S. P. G., London, 1914. cation Movement, New York, 1915.

Australia's Greatest Need. By J. W .. S. John Williams the Shipbuilder. A Biog- raphy of John Williams of the South Tomlin. Illustrated. 12mo. pp. 25., Sea Islands. By Basil Mathews. Cloth, nct. S. P. G., London, 1914. 60 cents; paper, 40 cents. Missionary Education Movement, New York, 1915. Study books are increasing in number and in popularity. These have been pre~ A Study of a Rural Parish. A Tested Method for Making a Survey of a Rural pared especially for Anglican study cir- Parish. By Ralph A. Felton. Cloth, cles, but are of value for the general 50 cents. Missionary Education Move- reader since they are written with knowl- ment, New Yark, 1915. Jesus Among His Friends. By Ethel Cutedge and insight. ArcHdeacon McMahon ler. 32 pp. 15 cents. National Board has the advantage of having been for – Y. W. C. A., 600 Lexington Avenue, New York,1915. many years a missionary in Madagascar, Through Unknown Nigeria. By J. R.

and gives a graphic picture of the great Raphael. 360 pp. Paper, 15s., net. Werisland under pagan, native Christian ner Laurie, London, 1915. The Arya Samaj: An Account of its Aims, imd French rule. Doctrine, and Activities, with a bio- . Principal Tomlin also writes from. graphical sketch of the Founder. By first hand knowledge of Australia, and Lajpat Rai. With a preface by Professor calls loudly to Christians in England for Sidney Webb. 305 pp. 55., net. Long- mans, London, 1915.

financial help in church development. Children of Wild Ausralia. By H. Pitts.

90 pp. Is. 6d., net. Oliphant, London, NEW BOOKS 1915. , How China's Leaders Received the Gos- The King's Highway. A Study of Pres- pel. . By G. Sherwood Eddy. 29 pp.

ent Conditions on the Foreign Field. By Prepaid, per hundred, $3.00; dozen,' 50 Helen Barrett Montgomery. Illustrated. cents; 5 cents each. The International 12mo. 272 pp. Paper, 30 cents; cloth, 50 Committee, 124 East 28th Street, New cents. Central COIl).mittee on the United York City, 1915.

Study (1f Foreign Missions, West Med- The Inch Library. (9 booklets to set.) ford, Mass., 1915. National Y. W. C. A., New York, 1915.

The Missionary Review of the World — January 1915

for Missionary

SOME SIGNIFICANT FACTS FOUND IN THIS NUMBER Suitable for LJse in Church Calendars and Missionary Meetings 1. The ten Chinese girls, the first sent to America to be educated on the Indemnity Fund, are all Christians, and eight are daugh- ters of Chinese pastors. They were chosen by competitive I I- examination in Peking (see page 63).

2. Mohammedanism is hopelessly divided. The attempts of the I kl Sheikh-ul-Islam of Constantinople to arouse all Moslems to a "Holy War" against Christians have failed (see pages 2 and 13).

3· In the United States there is one ordained Protestant minister to every 594 people; in China there is only one to every i c, 476,462 people (see page 61).

4· If China arms and drills her people up to European standards she will have a standing army of 36,000,000 men. Is it not worth while to teach China the power of the Gospel of Christ?

(see page 26).

5. Seventeen hundred walled cities and thousands of smaller towns in China are now open to missionaries for the first time. If we do not quickly use this opportunity the tide will turn as it has turned in other lands (see page 71).

6. Mr. Morimura, a wealthy Japanese business man, who recently found Christ in his old age during the evangelistic campaign, has given $100,000 to establish a fund to promote business morality (see page 74).

7. The Christians of Aintab, Turkey, astonished the Turkish soldiers, when they arrived hungry and thirsty, by giving them a hot dinner and cool water. "Verily," said the soldiers, "such kindness has never been shown by Christians to Mo- hammedans since the days of the Prophet" (see page 3).

8. In the recent evangelistic campaigns among Chinese students, conducted by Mr. Sherwood Eddy, 7,000 inquirers in seven cities asked to join Bible classes. The average attendance at the meetings was 3,000 students (see page 5).

9. In the Peking evangelistic campaign the Minister of the In- terior gave the ground for the pavilion in the "Forbidden City" ; the Minister of War gave the use of 200 army tents; the Minister of Education gave a half-holiday to enable students to attend the Gospel meetings; and President Yuan Shi Kai exprest his deep interest in the campaign. In what ~I Christian lands would officials do as much? (See page 5).

10. During the present war, Great Britain has restricted the sale of intoxicants; Germany has forbidden traffic in alcoholic liquors; France has prohibited the manufacture of absinthe; and Russia has dosed alI the drink-shops in the empire. The anti-alcoholic movement spreads (see page 67).

A PORTRAIT OF ARTHUR T. PIERSON (1837·1911

oiEditor-in-Chie£ of the jfISSIONARY REVIEW OF T.1IE WORLD.. 1888 until his decease in 1911 111111111111 I 111111 rr.:

AllY Vol. XXVIII, No

HE New Series o JANUARY, 1915 Vol. XXXVIII, No. I Old Series SIGNIFICANT EVENTS OF 1914 no less significant. These have been noted from time to time in the THE year that has just closed will REVIEW, and are listed here that we first of all be notable as one may see them at a glance. The De- cember index refers to the months m marked by the greatest war in his- which full particulars are given: tory. Men and money, all resources and treasures have been sacrificed North America without stint for national success. It is still too early to forsee the re- The Student Volunteer Convention in sults of the war, or its full signifi- Kansas City. cance to the Kingdom of God. There . will be changes in the map of Europe Campaign of World's S. S. Association and of the world; the loss of men in behalf of Moslem children. and material resources are incalcu- lable, the exhibition of hatred is de- United Every-Member Canvass in the plorable. AU is against the Spirit of ChurcheS'. Christ. On the other hand there are lessons that may well be taken to Con;ention in behalf of American Ne- heart by all Christians-the ineffec- groes, Atlanta. tiveness of an "armed peace"; the "heroic self-sacrifices of which men are Co~operation Program adopted by Home capable; the enormous supply of men Mission Council. -and money available, if people are but aroused to the need of giving; Hebrew-Christian Alliance formed. the futility of all foundations for American Baptist Missionary Centenary. peace and 'brotherly love other than United Conference of Missions III loyal surrender to Jesus Christ. Mexico. Buf there were other events of the International Sunday-school Convention, year which, in the sight of God, are . Chicago. Dedication of the Christian Synagog, Toronto. United Missionary Campaign among churches of all denominations. South American Leaders' Conference, Uruguay.

The editors seek to preserve accuracy and to manifest the spirit of Christ in ,the pages of this REVIEW, hut do not acknowledge responsihility for opinions exprest, nor for positions taken by eon· tributors of signed articles in these pII&I'B.-EDITORS.

Interdenominational Ministers' Mission- Spiritual Awakening in the Nile Valley. ary Conference, Rochester. (Report Marsden Centenary in New Zealand. later) . German Islands taken over by British. Cure for Leprosy discovered in the Europe Philippines. Hebrew Christian Conference, Hal11burg. Wesleyan Methodist Centenary. Some Notable Death. Opening of the New Waldensian Church Samuel B. Capen, President of the in Rome. American Board C. F. M. Great Protestant Meetings in Barcelona, James S. Dennis, Author of "Christian Spain. Missions and Social Progress." Spiritual Awaking in France. Temperance Movement in Russia. E. E. Strong, Editorial Secretary of the First Laymen's Missionary Cqnference, American Board.

Great Britain. Fred S. Arnot, of the Garenganze Mis- Salvation Army Congress in London. sion of Central Africa. Revival in Bulgaria. The World War in Europe, Asia, Africa, H. A. Robertson of Erromanga, New Hebrides. the Islands of the Sea. Bishop Tucker of Uganda. Moslem Land. Young Men's Christian Association ATHE "HOLY WAR" OF ISLAM VERY significant sign of the Building Opened in Constantinople. times has appeared on the hori- The Robert Wilder Meetings in Constan- zon from the direction of Moslem lands, in the failure of the efforts tinople. of Turkish Moslems to arouse enthu- The Opening of New Buildings of Con- siasm for their program for a "Holy War" against Great Britain, France stantinople College for Women. and Russia. The Sheikh-ul-Islam and United Evangelistic Campaign in Con- several local Moslem leaders have issued proclamations to arouse their stantinople. co-religionists not only in Turkey,but The "Capitulations" Abolished by in Persia, Africa, and India, to join in exterminating the infidels (except Turkey. Turkey's allies) . Thus far these Turkey seeks to foment a Holy War calls have been of no avail. The Mohammedan world is hopelessly against Christians. divided. In Asia Minor and Syria bands of Moslems will doubtless wel- India, China, and Japan come any excuse to pillage and des- Awakenings in North India, 150,000 troy their Christian neighbors; in Persia, where the local government· Baptisms. is weak, there will probably be much Other Christward Mass Movements in disorder· and some attacks on Chris- tians; in Arabia there will continue India. to be manifestations of fanaticism, Attempt to Reestablish Confucianism. but there are too few Christians The Eddy Evangelistic Campaigns in there to make a fight worth while. In Egypt, however, the former Khe- China. Idol Burning in Yunnan, and elsewhere. Chinese Board of Missions Formed. The United Evangelistic Campaign, Japan. Africa and the Islands Spiritual Awakening in South Africa. Christward Movements in Uganda. Christward Mass Movement in West Africa. Church Union Movement in Livingstonia.

OF THE TIMES

dive has been deposed and is in exile they said to one another, "this is and the present Premier, Rushdi something new; never since the days Pasha, has declared in favor of Great of the prophet until now has such Britain. In India also the Moham- kindness been shown. No Moslem medan rulers are generally loyal and friend has come to give us food and refuse to follow the lead of Turkey. drink without money and without price, but these Christians have sup- There is little to fear from a plied our every need without our general unholy "Holy War." There asking." is little danger of a Turkish invasion of Egypt, either by land or sea. This is the way of Christ. It is Reports to this effect are thus inven- the way that will end in victory. tions of those with whom the wish is father to the thought. There are, THE ASSOCIATION MOVEMENT IN however, some causes for anxiety on account of the missionaries and other TURKEY Christians in Asia Minor and Syria. These are greatly in need of our HOW many hopes are shattered or prayers and help. Thieves and brigands are now free to pillage the their fulfilment delayed by the friends of the European allies. Har- war in Turkey, it is impossible to bors are mined and traffic by land estimate. The Young Men's and and sea is irregular or entirely broken Young Women's Christian Associaup. Some Europeans are reported tions, for instance, had only recently imprisoned and their property con- formed a union, including both orfiscated. ganizations, for the Turkish Empire, the only country in which this has .In the midst of this picture of been done. The first annual meeting brigandage comes the report from of the Gener.al Committee of this Aintab that Christian kindness won Union' was held in Constantinople the esteem of Turkish soldiers. last summer, and not only were Troops arrived before this city of achievements recorded, but plans 80,000, after a march of 70 miles, were made for the future. These during which they had been without will be interrupted by the participarations. It would not have been St1[- tion of Turkey in the war. Miss prizing if they had looted the Chris- Frances Gage, General Secretary of tian quarters and abused the "infidels." the Y.W.CA., reported that Student The Christians of the city, however, Associations are now in several misincluding the American mission col- sion schools, and city associations, lege students, united in a movement so-called, are carried on by: (I) to give the Turkish troops a good groups of foreign girls living in coast hot dinner. The troops had 'been cities ; (2) organizations of women obliged to drink only muddy water, and girls in the Protestant churches but now the Christian women brought and (3) mixed groups, organized an abundance of cool, refreshing, something alter the form of women's pure water to quench the soldiers clubs. The presence of women by thirst. Imagine the surprize of these the thousands in the silk mills of hungry and thirsty men. "Verily," Brousa, the tobacco factories of Smyrna and the cotton mills of Adana, constitutes a strong appeal

ior the development of Association throughout the Empire will be care- activities. ful to treat with fuIl consideration all Mr. E. O. Jacob is the leader of American residents within those do- a strong body of Y.M.CA. secre- mains. A telegram received by the taries, and the Association Quarterly Secretaries of the American Board is published to represent both sec- from Secretary of State Bryan on tions of the work. The Student November 9, reads: Associations, both men's and "Our Ambassador at Constanti- women's, voted to apply for admis- nople with hearty cooperation of sion to the World's Student Chris- Turkish officials has situation com- tian Federation. It was decided that pletely in hand. Missionaries and the women's department should apply their work fully safeguarded. Every- for affiliation with the World's thing proceeding as tho normal con- Y.W.CA. ditions prevailed. You may safely NEWS OF THE ARABIAN MISSION reassure all friends."

'THE entrance of Turkey into A letter from Rev. John Van Ess active participation in the great at Busrah (under date September 2I, European War which has nOw ex- 1914) gives assurace of safety. He tended to Asia has caused some says: anxiety as to the welfare of mis- "Turkey has been intensely pro- sionaries in Armenia, Syria, and the German, and the rapid advance of Persian Gulf. Busrah and Kuweit, the German forces a while back had stations of the American Reformed its effect in making our friend the Church Mission, are in the territory Turk a bit overbearing. . . . The of the Turkish Empire. For some most serious matter is that of the ex- time the relations between the British tensive mobilization on the part of representatives at Busrah and the Turkey. One of Dr. Cantine's men Turkish authorities have been strained, in Amara, was imprisoned for not reflecting the relations of the respec- presenting himself to the army, and tive governments. In order to remove finalIy was released on payment of causes of friction the British Govern- £T43, of which £TIO was given him ment withdrew its gunboats from the by a Turkish officer as evidence of river and harbor of Busrah and his friendship, a gratifying circum- closed its post-office. The only other stance. Two other evangelists were means of communication was there- gotten off as being readers in the fore through the very unreliable Turk- church, and my head teacher as being ish post-office which is never user:! by preacher. Two others of my teachers the "missionaries. have, however, been taken into the Americans have not been interfered army, and so my work will be seri- with and since the Turkish Govern- ously crippled, altho it is a comfort ment at Constantinople has asked the that all Government teachers have American Ambassadors at London, been taken, without exception, and in Paris and Petrograd to take charge consequence all Turkish schools are of the interests of Turkey in those closed. Further remarks I shall omit, capitals, there is every reason to fearing the censorship to which this think that the Turkish authorities letter is subject. The announcement

by Turkey that the Capitulations will offered a site for the evangelistic be abolished on October 1St, makes pavilion within the Forbidden City us feel a little uneasy, tho I can not itself. It is the first time in history believe that the Powers will con- that Christian meetings have been sent." allowed within these sacred precincts.

A WAKENINGS AMONG CHINESE The Ministry suggested that this pa- vilion be placed next to the sacred STUDENTS -altar where the emperor annually worshiped the "Spirits of the Land." "S EVEN cities, 7,000 inquirers, average attendance; 3,000. The Ministry of War gave the use President, officials cooperating. Mr. of 200 tents to make the pavilion Wen (Commissioner of Foreign Af- rainproof, the Minister of Education fairs of Chekiang Province), Hang- granted a half holiday to all the gov- chow, baptized. Evangelistic cam- ernment- students in Peking to enable paign not affected by war. Oppor- them to attend the opening meeting, tunities double last year." Thus and the Minister of Foreign Affairs reads a cablegram from China giving sent his representative to the meeting.

some of the visible results of Mr. After Mr. Eddy had spoken one Sherwood Eddy's Evangelistic Cam- night to over 3,000 students for over paign among Chinese College stu- an hour, more than 1,000 men signed dents in fourteen of the cities of cards as inquirers. A meeting was held China. The deeper, abiding results in another part of Peking attended by only God can know, and yet the fruits 1,700 of the gentry and business men, of the meetings held last year are so and the Board of Trade asked for 300 encouraging that those here referred reserved seats at this meeting. Three to. are full of promise. hundred and fifty of these men in- In Tientsin the Guild Hall was dicated their desire to join Bible crowded with 2,000 students and sev- classes. At one meeting for inquir- eral hundreds were turned away. On ers there were present: one former the last day over 1,000 inquirers governor, two generals, a private exprest their desire to join Bible secretary to the President, the direc- classes. Last year after the meetings tor of China's national bank, promi- in this city 500 Confucian students nent officials, a young non-Christian were enrolled in Bible classes, over philanthropist. Probably in no other 200 of whom were later received in country in the world to-day are the the churches by baptism or as proba- officials so accessible to Christianity bilities. as in China. Two hundred Chinese In Peking the President, Yuan Shi Christian young men have been nor- Kai, exprest deep interest in the meet- mally trained to lead the Bible classes ings, and the Vice-President, General in conserving the results of these Li Yuan Hung, requested Mr. Eddy to meetings. In Paotingfu, where address his family and guests. The Horace Pitkin laid down his life with cordial cooperation of the officials was the martyrs of 1900, 500 non-Chris- in striking contrast to their attitude to tian students and leading men indi-· the Gospel in the Boxer Uprising of cated their purpose to join Bible 1900. The Ministry of the Interior classes as inquirers. "The blood of

the martyrs has proved again the on the·· program, the facts gathered seed of the Church, and China, after were thrown on the screen. A vol".

the last spasm of heathenism, hate ume will be published giving the prin- and cruelty, is turning to-day, sobered cipal addresses d~Iivered at the con- and chastened, with open mind to vention and the survey materials in consider the claims of Christ." chart and tabulated form. A continu- ation policy was adopted and echo T a NEW ENGLAND METHODIST MEN meetings will be held all over New HE men of the Church, as England to inspire the churches and whole, are taking their larger share to put the policy into actual operation.

in missionary work. The denomina- A MISSIONARY CONVENTION OF tions are enlisting their men in lay- MINISTERS men's movements as was evident when twenty-four hundred delegates T HERE have been missionary con- registered at the New England Con- ventions of laymen, of young vention of Methodist Men in Boston people, of women, of secretaries, and (November IIth-13th). This was the of ministers and others, but a con- largest company of men from the vention for ministers only, that is Methodist churches of New England planned and carried out by laymen, ever assembled. The meetings of the is a new departure. Such a con- General Committees of Home and vention was held in Rochester the Foreign Missions preceding and fol- first week in December, under the lowing the convention made possible auspices of the Laymen's Mission- the attendance of the members of the ary Movement. There was a large committees, including nearly all of attendance and a strong program"

the bishops of the Church, and a very planned wholly with. reference to strong program resulted. The con- helping the pastors in grappling with vention had two unique features. their problems. All the evangelical One was a Jesse Lee demonstra- ministers in the Western half of New tion on the site on Boston Common York State were invited and the where Jesse Lee, the founder of churches of Rochester provided free Methodism in New England, preached entertainment.

his first sermon. The principal ad- The theme of the Convention was dress was delivered by Bishop W. F. "The Church at Work in the Com~ McDowelI on "The Fathers." munity, the Nation and the W orId," – The second unique feature was the and eminent speakers were enlisted use of slides and motion pictures to because of their special experience report the results of a "Survey of along some particular line that would Religious Conditions in New Eng- make their testimony valuable to pas- land," including the work of Morgan tors. A full report, with address", Memorial Institutional Church in wiII be given in the REVIEW for Feb- Boston. For months trained workers ruary. Over seven hundred ministersI have been making the investigations were present from the 2,000 Protestant' '

and gathering the statistics. At the churches in the western half of the beginning of each session, and related State. If the pastors catch the mission~ to the topics which were to be discust ary fi·re, the contagion will spread.

LEE CELEBRATION AT THE NEW ENGLAND CON VENTION OF METHODIST

On Boston Common in r 860, Jesse L ee, the founder of New England Methodism, preached h is first ser mon. The event was commemorated in Kovcmber, 1914.

Methods of Educating the Church in Missions 64 X 367- 431 say Preaching 7 at WorK 160 say Literature 116 say Classes 26 say Special Speaker 16 have no methods 24,361 at work in 67 do not report Church organizations .. :31 per cent. Personal Evangelism .. 3 per cent. Missionary Education . . 2 per cent.

Where do you COUll!?

CHARTS USED AT THE NEW ENGLAND CONVENTION OF METHODIST MEN

UNCHRISTlANIZED ZULU RICKSHAW BOYS IN NATAL, SOUTH

DR. TAYLQR, MR. SMITH, AND THEOLOGICAL STUDENTS AT IMPOLWENI, SOUTH AFRICA CONTRASTS IN THE NATIVES OF SOUTH AFRICA (See article by Fred D. Smith, page 29 )

Missionary Aspects of

Year 1914 BY ROBERT E. SPEER, NEW YORK Author of "Missions and Politics in Asia.'· "Missions and 1fodern History," etc.

i,TlHE past year began with tend the Centennial anniversary of the greatest gathering the establishment of the' American of students in the, inter- . Mission in India and was on his way est of missions which home by way of China when he died has ever been held. of pneumonia in Shanghai on Janu- Five thousand repre- uary 29. In many ways Dr. Capen sentatives of the faculties and student was a representative Christian man, bodies of the United States and typical of his time. He was a layman Canada met at Kansas .City for five who in business, municipal adminis- days. There were delegates also tration, education, his local church, from every other great race, one hun- the Christian life of the nation and dred and sixty from the young men the evangelization of the world rose and women of China who are in our to trusted leadership without display American colleges and universities, or self advertisement or any influence forty from the Japanese, with smaller ex~pt the affectionate purity and groups or single individuals from the simplicity of his character and his other nations of Asia and from good sense and loyal high-minded- Europe, Africa and South America. ness. He was an embodiment of the The influence of the convention in newly recovered priesthood of the deepening missionary convictions and laity and of the world-citizenship spreading abroad the knowledge of which missions have created.

missionary work reached out to the The most notable missionary an- ends of the world. niversary of this year was the cen- The opening month of the year tennial of the founding of the Ameri- which brought this accession of can Baptist Missions. The centenary vitality and power witnessed also the on the field was celebrated in Ran- passing on of one who was beloved goon, Burmah, in December, 1913, and trusted as a missionary leader, but while Baptist missions abroad bewho could ill be spared and ~ho was gan in 1813 thrQugh Judson's adop- eager to live to share in the further tion of Baptist principles on his voy- advancement of Christ's Kingdom age to India, the General Convention over the world, Dr. Samuel B. Capen, for Foreign Missions was established president of the American Board of at Philadelphia, May 21, 1814. The Commissioners for Foreign Missions anniversary was held in conjunction and since its organization the chair- with the annual May meeting' of the man of the executive committee of Baptist societies in Boston in May. the Laym~n's Missionary Movement. From the courageous beginnings of Dr. Capen had gone to India to at~ Adoniram Judson the work has grown

to 127 stations, 701 missionaries, of territorial assignment of responsi~ 1,575 organized churches, 6,I06 bility aiming at adequate provisions native workers and 166,330 church- for every part of the field. Not all, members. The strong denominational natu!ally, are ready to go as far as convictions which have characterized some, but a notable advance has been the work of the Baptist missions are made and an ideal set up for other yet enriched with a true fraternal mission fields.

spirit. During the year a long stand- The year ends with no apparent ing problem of territorial adjustment prospect of peace and order in Mex- in the state of Kengtung in Burmah ico. There are sections of the coun- was most harmoniously adjusted be- try where tranquility prevails but no tween the Baptist and Presbyterian central and responsible government Boards which have also for years has been set up. The pressure for worked happily together in China and intervention by the United States has the Philippine Islands in the same been resisted with the avoidance of stations and even in the same institu- bloodshed which would have been in~ tions, and have during the year united evitable and of the weakening of our their schools in Tokyo, Japan, in moral influence in Latin America and fruitful cooperation. especially in the world situation con- Cooperation in Mexico sequent upon the war. The mission- aries are returning to their posts in But the most notable advance In some states and find the religious missionary cooperation has been made needs of the nation deeper than ever.

possible by the situation in Mexico. The animosity of the various revo- The utter chaos in that distrest land lutionary movements has been intense led to the temporary withdrawal from against the Roman Catholic Church the field of all but a half dozen of on the ground of its alleged hostility the missionaries. It seemed a provi- to liberal thought and institutions and dential opportunity to the missionaries to all freedom. Priests and nuns at home to consider together the have been harshly treated and church whole arrangement and program of property appropriated. In conse- missionary work with a view to such quence we have seen the interesting measures of readjustment and cooper- phenomenon of the Roman Catholic ation as would make it in the highest Church in the United States appealing measure efficient and comprehensive to the American government to in- upon the return of the forces to the tervene in behalf of religious liberty field. Sixty or seventy representatives and toleration in Mexico, the very of the mission boards at work in land regarding which Pope Pius IX.

Mexico met accordingly on June 30th wrote to Maximilian urging that and July 1st in Cincinnati, and ap- Roman Catholicism should be the only proved the most thoroughgoing scheme religion allowed "to the exclusion of of occupation and cooperation which every other dissenting worship" and has ever been outlined for any mis- "that instruction, whether public or sion field, contemplating united work private, should be directed and in publication, education, home pub- watched over by· the ecclesiastical licity and field conference and a plan authorities." Mexico was included in Pius's Encyclical issued the same solution, has troubled the history of year, contending that the opinion that the past year. It was one of the liberty of conscience and of worship irrepressible issues in the discussions is the right of every man is not only in Congress over the questions of an erroneous opinion, very hurtful to the Philippines and of Asiatic immithe safety of the Catholic Church gration. The last few years have and of souls, but also delirious. seen a very substantial transfer of self government to the Philippine peo- The prompt and cordial accept- ple and they surely have not lacked ance by the United States of the declarations as to the ultimate purproffered mediation of Brazil, Argen- pose of the American occupation of tina and Chile when our peaceful re- the islands, but the measure known lations with Mexico which had en- as the Jones bill proposed further dured long and difficult strain were commitments and raised the debate unreasonably imperiled by a trivial as to whether the United States was incident, exerted a beneficial effect going too fast or not fast enough througho~t Latin America. We are in providing autonomy for the so confident of the rectitude of our Filipinos. That the people are moving political sentiments toward the other forward wonderfully under the edu- American nations that we utterly fail cational and political tutelage of the to appreciate the' distrust which many United States there could be no of these nations feel toward us ana doubt. Nowhere else in the world we have too easily forgotten the has there been a more wonderful ingrounds which we have given them stance of social and intellectual transfor this distrust. Sf. Garcia Calderon's formation. That there should be book on "Latin America-Its Rise divergence of view as to our govand Progress" illustrates the habit of ernment's policy both among theorists thought of the younger leaders in and among practical men is inevitable. Latin America and the misapprehen- Progress and just action are desions and suspicions which charac- pendent upon the attrition of terize it. It is to be gratefully recog- diverse opinions. But it is unfornized that we ended the year with tunate that in every such debate a distinctly better feeling toward us vicious conceptions of racial relationon the part of Latin America. There ship are revealed. Among the misis need of wise and unselfish cultiva- chievous and timorous words spoken tion of this feeling that all these in the debate by a leader in Congress Western nations may work together were these: in peace and mutual helpfulness and by God's grace avoid the deadly "I have no doubt that a conflict will errors of the older world. come between the Far East and the Far West across the Pacific Ocean. All Problems of Race Relationship WUlch IS taking place in the world, the logic of the history of the human race In various forms apart from the ttP to now, teaches us that the avoidance European war the great problem of of this conflict is impossible. I hope it race relationship, which the world will be only a commercial conflict. I has never been able to solve and for hope war may not come, that there will which it will not accept the Christian be no conflict of arms; but I have little where, embittered by their experience, faith that in this world of ours people a riot broke out which cost a dozen and races are able to meet in competition lives or more. The same paper which for a long period without armed con- reported the incident described also flict. A fight for commercial supremacy the triumphant landing of the Sikh leads in the end to a fight with arms, be- troops at Marseilles, where they went cause that is the final arbiter between ashore greeted with flowers and nations." shouts of welcoming joy. The Sikh Such words are mischievous be- husbandman with his shovel on his cause they bring on the very situa- shoulder coming to toil and increase tion they profess to deplore, and our wealth flung back from the they are unmanly because they repre- western gate, and the Sikh soldier sent a surrender to the supposed with his gun, coming to kill and de· fatality of history. But why should stroy, welcomed in at the opposite man deliberately accept defeat at the door!

hands of his own deeds? Why Japan and Korea should he first brutalize his inter- Especially has the problem of race- racial relationships and then be brow- relationship been prest upon the na- beaten by his own brutality? tion by the necessity of a more equit- Never have we had a year, how- able and adequate solution of the ever, in which race prejudice and question of Japanese immigration, fear has been allowed so pitifully to with the Chinese question in the back- blind human judgment. The trial of ground. The agitation and anti-alien the Jew, Beilis, for alleged ritual land legislation in California gave murder in Russia, the wild discus- the national government one of the sion of the various immigration meas- three most difficult diplomatic prob- ures in Congress, the race collisions lems of the year. And the issue is so and the case of the Hindu laborers far from being settled that it stands in South Africa, the public recrudes- ahead of us as one of our most per- cence of century-long race repression plexing tasks-how on the one hand in some of the Latin American lands, to afford American labor the protec- the antagonism of the Indian peon tion to which it is entitled, and to to the Spanish landed aristocracy in conserve American institutions, and, Mexico, were but a few of the ex- on the other, to do absolute justice, pressions of this prejUdice and fear. to fulfil the highest obligations of in- Two incidents reported in the same ternational fair dealing and good will issue of one morning paper were and to perpetuate the principles of tragically illustrative of the confusion democracy and equality on which the and untruth which becloud the whole nation was founded. A commission problem. The Sikh immigrants from on Eastern race-relationship was es- the Panjab who had sought admis- tablished by the Federal Council of sion as laborers into Canada and who the churches and is dealing carefully had been kept prisoners on their ship with the problem. Meanwhile it is at Victoria and prevented from land- the duty of all patriotic men not to ing and finally sent back to India were talk as the congressman who lJasbeen reported to have arrived in Calcutta. qU9tt!Q. t~lk~d, but to declare in season and out of season that this Three-Year Evangelistic Campaign problem must be solved and that projected two years ago has been carthere can not be and will not be any ried on with moderate energy. rupture of the relations of friendship and respect which have bound to- There has been a marked improvegether the United States and Japan ment in the relation of the Japanese e~er since Japan had any relations Government and the Christian Church with any Western power. in Chosen (Korea). Not only have the Japanese continued their remark- In Japan the year has brought able work in the improvement of government and people alike closer to every department of government and the ,sober fundamental moral problems of social and industrial conditions but of national life. Count Okuma, the Count Terauchi has shown most most nearly Christian of the elder friendly appreciation of the missionstatesmen, has become Prime Minis- aries and their work and of the ter, and his attitude toward 'religion, character and influence of the Korean and especially toward the Christian Christians. There have been frereligion, is far more serious and in- quent rumors that Baron Yun-chi-ho telligent than Prince Ito's ever was: and the two or three other Christians The old hostility of the Educational who alone were convicted of the Department to Christianity has largely scores of Korean Christians tried for disappeared and the bureau of re- conspiracy, might be pardoned. In ligion has now been associated with any case there have been no other this department in recognition of the charges or rumors such as were freessential place of religion in ethical quent while General Akashi was in education. Buddhism has suffered Korea, and on the other hand the a great deal in public esteem through missionaries and the officials have the exposure by government prose- been on most friendly terms and the cution of the ecclesiastical authorities Seoul Press, June 30th, reporting a dinof the great Hongwanji temple in ner given by the Governor-General to Kyoto, who were accused of im- the missionaries, after referring to moralities and peculations involving past misunderstandings, declared in an many millions of dollars and result- editorial, "The success that attended ing in the finqncial ruin of one of the Count Terauchi's dinner is further wealthiest of the Buddhist establish- evjdence that good feeling is now ments. Christianity, on the other growing between the Governmenthand, has distinctly grown in the esti- General and the missionaries. This mation of thoughtful and earnest is very satisfactory; because we hope men. Baron Shibusawa, the foremost that the latter will continue in their business man and banker in the em- good work in the peninsula, which is pire, has been having teachers come certainly in need of disinterested ento instruct him in the Bible, and deavors for the moral and religious Count Okuma and others have said elevation of its people." quite openly that they see no solution of the race questions between the The Religious Need. of China United States and Japan except through the Christian religion. The The events of the year have in no wise diminished a similar moral and religious need in China. The repub- missionary reports conditions which lican forms of government and the are typical: democratic yeast upheaving the ac- "As I look back over the trip, the one tual administration and institutions thing which remains most clearly in my of the land have temporarily disap- mind is the new eagerness on the part of peared, but human thought can not these many people to listen. I have be turned backward, and the new life often been in crowds during my life in has come to China to stay and to China, but never before in such listenwork out in Chinese ways the new ing crowds, never wh~n there were so destiny of the nation. The threat- many who seemed to come, not because ened establishment of Confucianism of curiosity, but because they wanted to as the State religion, with the abridg- hear about God. It is a very inspiritment of the principle of free relig- ing memory, and a very sobering one, ious liberty has ended for the pres- too, for how are we meeting this op- portunity? How are we entering into ent in the provision of certain cere- these new doors which God has so monial observances in Peking and a . wonderfully opened for us? Perhaps certain official emphasis on Confu- we .should meet it with the same prayer cianism, which has not hindered the that was overheard among the women in spread or the influence of Christianity, Meng Chen. A roomful were trying tc and which has not succeeded in memorize the Lord's Prayer. There putting any real vitality into the old was much noise and confusion, and one ancestral system of China. Some of faithful old soul, trying in vain to keep the Confucian propagandist organiza- up, finally went off to a corner, and she tions have dismally collapsed. Of the was heard there repeating a little prayer one thousand members of the Hong of her own. It was short, and she said it softly, again and again-"O Lord, Kong Confucianist association, only thankful and unworthy."

forty attended the meeting last sum- Progress in India mer, and the failure of the work was sorrowfully acknowledged. The results of the India census of 191I have appeared during the year, The war in Europe has given and show a growth of Christianity in China a breathing space. It has pre- India far in excess of the boldest vented its contracting any more for- missionary hopes. eign loans, which is a good thing, and it has allowed it to try to reor- The total number of Christians in ganize its government without the India at the time of the census was foreign machinations and exploita- 3,876,203, or 12 per mille of the popula- tions which of old made Peking a tion. During the decade since the pre- nauseous place. A new spirit breathes vious census, the increase was 32.6 per through the administration, and while cent., and the number of Christians has little more than a beginning has more than doubled since 1881. The probeen made, nevertheless it is a new portional increase is by far the greatest era that has begun, as anyone who in the Panjab, where there are now three has dealings with Peking can dis- times' as many Christians as in 190I; cover. in the Central Provinces and Behar the increase is 169 per cent., and in Hyder- The missionary opportunity remains abad, Assam, and the United Provinces undiminished. A country itinerating the increases are 136, 89, and 7S per cent., respectively. Lutherans, chiefly know the character and power of Islam found in Madras and in Behar and as never before; 3. The political power Orissa, have increased by 41 per cent., of Islam has collapsed and almost all of and Methodist adherents are two and a the Moslem world is under Christian half times as numerous as a decade ago. governments; 4. The social and intel- Presbyterians have achieved even more lectual status and standards of Islam are remarkable results. With r81,000 ad- changing; 5. There is a present-day herents they are more than three times spiritual crisis and opportunity in Islam.

as numerous as in 190r. The Panjab has shown a phenomenal increase among The developments of the year con- Presbyterians, whose numbers have firmed these statements. The old grown from 5,000 to 95,000 in the ten unity of the Mohammedan world is years. gone. Perhaps it never existed politi- cally to the extent that has been As to the effect of Christianity on the usually represented, just as it is sure converts, Mr. Blunt, one of the Census that it never existed theologically. Superintendents, draws attention to the The call to a Holy War, and the greater cleanliness of dress and habits union of Islam against Christendom, among converts as compared with the which has issued from Turkey has classes from whom they are drawn. "The fallen upon unheeding ears. The new convert, maybe, is no better than his predecessors; but a new generation, the children of the first generation of only Moslem people who enjoy peace, converts, is now growing up. . . . The justice, and prosperity are those who children of the converts, born in Chris- have lived under nominally Christian tianity, are .very different from their governments. Why should they reparents; their grandchildren will be spond to a call to follow leaders better still. It is this which provides the whose incompetence is written in the other side to the black picture so often tragedy of Mohammedan ruin and drawn of the inefficiency of Christian decay? conversion. . . . The Hindu fellows of these converts' have now to acknowledge, There are no adequate facts at not only that the Christians are in hand to show what advance Islam material ways better off than the Hindus may have made in Africa this year.

but that they are also better men." The In Persia, while Moharrem was ob- Mysore Superintendent, himself a Hindu, served with more zeal than for some says, that missionaries work mainly years, it seems to have been the zeal among the backward classes, and "that "not of the full faith but of the lurkthe enlightening influence of Christianity ing doubt." The Boundary Commisis patent in the higher standard of com- sion was locating the disputed line fort of the converts, and their sober, between Turkey and Russia when disciplined, and busy lives." the war broke out, and three weeks Interest in Mohammedans before Turkey began hostilities in the At the Student Volunteer Conven- Black Sea her Kurdish subjects tion in January Dr. Zwemer gave five crossed the newly defined line to atreasons for a new missionary interest tack the Russians in U rumia. in the Mohammedan peoples: ' The most interesting single fact 1. For the first time in history the among the Moslem peoples, apart whole of Christendom is face to face from the war, was the proposed ab- with the whole of Islam; 2. To-day we rogation by Turkey of the capitulation defining the rights and privi- scribed in the newspapers, and least leges of foreigners resident in the of all by Rustem Bey, but it prob- Turkish Empire. It is supposed by ably referred to the abrogation of many that these capitulations were extra-territoriality and customs imhumiliating regulations imposed on munities, such as Japan dealt with Turkey. by European nations, enforc- hy a reform of her codes and prisons ing the extra-territorial status of the and judicial systems and economic citizens of these nations, and abridg- administration, which secured a willing Turkey's sovereignty. Doubtless ing revision of their treaties by forsome abuses had grown up, and with eign powers and their relinquishment the desire of any nation, as Japan or of their former privileges. Siam, to exercise a full national autotlQmy, our people have ever sympa- It was the European war which thized. But the capitulations have seemed to afford Turkey an occahad a far greater significance than sion for her action, and for the last our ordinary thought has assigned six months of the year the war enthem, and they embody a long his- tered into everything everywhere and tory. It was not foreigners who im- is now affecting the life of the world posed them on Turkey. It was Tur- in all its renlotest recesses, and will Key who imposed them on her Chris- affect it forever. tian subjects and on foreigners. Indeed, we can go further back, and The Effects of the World-War find the extra-territorial features of the capitUlations in existence before There is room here only for brief the Turks conquered Constantinople. reference to some of the effects of and can see them taken up by the the gigantic conflict upon missions. Mohammedans as the only possible Indeed, this is all that is relevant or device for providing for the con- appropriate. tinued residence in the Mohammedan state of subjects whose presence the The immediate economic effects of Mohammedan rulers desired, but for the war were most embarrassing. The whom some exemption from Moham- cost of exchange advanced. In some medan law had to be provided. To fields it was impossible to get money abolish all the capitulations now to the missionaries at all. In lands would bring Turkey's Christian sub- where trade was chiefly export and jects and foreign residents under laws import, and whose revenues dependwhich prohibit peaceful relations be- ed upon duties upon such trad~, ..s tween Moslems and non-Moslems, re- in Chile, for example, a d~sastrous quire the latter to become Moslems commercial depression fell. TraNSor to pay tribute, and provide that portation was disarranged and, – in the collection of this tax be made some cases, as in Western Africa, harshly. Such a situation would be wholly ceased. The cost of all forimpossible, alike for Turkey and for eign . business increased through adother nations. And Turkey could vanced freight and insurance charges. – not contemplate it. The abolition Income from the customary sources proposed has not accurately been de- of fees, .contributions, etc., upon the mission fields decreased. And at home the first instinct on the part of men was the contraction and curtailment of gifts, threatening the cutting now, 'Turnhara Masih kahan ?-Where off of the home support of missions. now is your Christ? Why is it that Chris- Many of these difficulties have since tianity has failed to save Europe, and diminished. The industrial depres- even non-Christian India has to come to sion in most countries still continues, the rescue and help to stop this unholy however, tho not without its blessings war' Oh, it is sad indeed; our mouths if if leads nations like the· Latin- are shut. Dr. – – said to me two days American states to depend less upon ago, I haven't the heart now to preach export duties and on continual loans to the people of India. What can I say from Europe. In the United States, to them? Oh, pray for us and pray for happily, as during the Civil War, the the work here, that God may take care first instinct to cut down benevolent of it and remove this terrible reproach.'Y giving has been succeeded by a fresh recognition of the claim of the Chris- In Africa Dr. Cairns' forecast of tian principle of sacrifice, and it battles between Germans and British seems likely that missionary gifts on the African lakes, which missionmay increase not only in spite of aries discovered, and before the eyes the war but because of it. of African Christians, has been ful- fi:led. In Kamerun the poor people, The distressing influence of such dumbfounded by the sight of white un-Christian conflict between nomi- men fighting one another, have taken nally Christian powers upon the to the bush in terror, and the effect thought of the non-Christian nations has been made worse by the incitewas at once perceived and deplored. ment of African tribes to join in the The evidence of this influence has conflict, as the Indians were engaged been only too prompt and clear. "The in the early wars in America. It is sight of eighteen to twenty million all dreadful enough. And yet there men," says the Peking Gazette, "en- is another side to the picture. "I gaged in the brutish work of slaugh- believe on the whole," writes one ter-in the filth of blood-is indeed missionary, from India, "that the war a terrible commentary upon the in- has had a wholesome effect upon Influence of Christianity in Europe dia. These people out here are quite during the past nineteen hundred able to distinguish between real and years. The situation is so startling superficial Christianity, and as the in the contrast presented between war is making people sober and theory and practise, that a mere pa- thoughtful, I believe it will lead to a gan is surely permitted to ask, what great outpouring of God's Holy can our missionary reader urge in Spirit upon all flesh." defense of events now happening in 'Christian' E,urope?" The repudiation of Christianity by western civilization has also cleared One quotation from a missionary up a great deal of confusion in misletter is representative of many: sionary preaching, and restored to many a pure Christian gospel. As "What shall we say of this wicked, one missionary writes from China: this most unjustifiable war? Or to put it differently, what do the non-Christians "The war will have a very marked in India say of it? What answer can we effect on the whole work of the Church give when they say to us, as they do in foreign lands. I believe we will have a better Gospel to preach, however, when we disregard the argument of the great forward the work of the past years, it prosperity of those lands that profess can only be by the assistance of others. Christianity. The outbreak of innate The history of the societies concerned, savagery and brutality revealed through the large benefits in philanthropic, eduthis war makes us realize anew how the cational and evangelistic effort which most advanced modern sciences do not India has received from their labors, necessarily carry with them more of the make it imperative that all possible steps spirit of Christ. I believe on all mission should be taken to preserve the confields the missionaries have found them- tinuity of the work they are doing. selves driven back to a new study of the life and teaching of Jesus and a more "It is true that most of us are ourvital interpretation of many of His words selves feeling the strain of the present that were glossed over in compliance crisis. There has been curtailment of with the spirit of the age. Christianity our own efforts and the financial sky is will have to become more Christian." by no means clear. It may, however, be possible to give a personal monthly dona- One of the most dreadful conse- tion of at least Rs. 10 to enable our Conquences of the war has been the tinental brethren and sisters to carryon rupture of the international fellow- their work for India and Christ while ships which have been so laborious- the war lasts." ly built up, and to which the Edinburgh Conference made so great a Not altogether, thank God, have we contribution. In nothing have the lost the wonder of the early daysboasted glories of war more belied "Behold how these Christians love themselves ,than in their murderous one another." influence upon the larger human brotherhood. The unification of the Into what new world the war will Protestant missionary forces of the thrust us forth when at last its awful world has been halted, and greater thunders shall have died away no man difficulty has been developed in the can foretell. Shall we have a new R9man Catholic Church, whose bish- age of peace on furrowed soils where ops are arrayed across the gulf of ra- we have buried the armaments which -:. cial hate and war. But, on the other hand, whatever ties still hold acros~ have crusht mankind, or will the the chasms are the Christian ties, and statesmen who brought on the war Christians have been prompt to unite show themselves as impotent to learn to relieve those who have been left its lessons as they were to prevent its destitute by whatever nation. Some horrors? Shall there be a new comof the American missionary socie- pany of true nationalities each fulties, for example, have authorized filling its mission in the bonds of a their missionaries to give needed help world brotherhood? Shall the backto German and French missionaries, ward nations be helped unselfishly to and the National Missionary Council find their full place in the .human of India, whose president is the Ang- family? Shall the strong bear the lican Metropolitan, has issued an ap- burdens of the weak and not please peal for a "Continental Mission Re- themselves? To these and a score of lief Fund," in which it says: kindred questions the past year has answered, "No." Shall this new year "If Continental Mi~sions are to carry or some year after it, show itself worthy to be called a year of our Lord by answering, "By the strength of God, Yes?"

War and the Way

BY GILBERT A. BEAVER, NEW YORK HEN Schiller sang "all those who know the love of Christ were uniting, as never before, to show IWI ~en .sha~l b: brothers," its true meaning to the, world, and hls msplratlOn cam e when the races hitherto in ignorance from J e sus Christ. or in doubt about it were becoming ~ • Christ alone "has set eager to learn its application to them- forevermore in human selves-at this supreme time of tran- thought . . . the vision of a civiliza- sition, these races are called to wit- tion in which each man in every na- ness professedly Christian peoples in . tion shall wish for all men in all na- a life and death struggle of brute tions such a fair chance at all good force, and are even themselves drawn things as a man would like his broth- into battle on both sides of the de- ers to have."* This hope shines out in moralizing conflict. His teaching and in His prayers. It triumphs in His life and death, and This statement of actual conditions in His power to reproduce His char- is not meant to impeach the sincerity acter in others. or devotion of those on either side who believe that they are following The present world war brings in- the only possible course under the numerable contradictions of this hope. a p p a I lin g circumstances. Never- "Many international fellowships which theless, these very circumstances. and were contributing to its realization are their consequences must be considered now either shattered or are strained with courageous humility in order to the breaking point by the un- that all peoples may be helped to brotherly feelings and misunderstand- appreciate the better program of the i,ngs which war engenders. The Prince of Peace. If past wars have future is jeopardized, not only by the had results immeasurable and unfore- slaughter and malmmg of the seen, how much more should we ex- strongest, by the spread of disease pect far-reaching consequences from and misery, by the destruction of the present conflict, affecting, as it industries, and by the waste of great does, the entire world, and every- resources, but even more by the where stirring the thoughts and pur- moral degradation .which fo119wS poses of multitudes to unsuspected hatred, lust and other passions in- depths. No man can forsee what separable from war. hindrances may be raised, or what unparalleled opportunities may be Moreover, far beyond the imme- opened to the triumph of Christ. diate effects, criminations and recrim- But everyone who sees the only hope inations are everywhere breeding sus- of the future in His triumph is called picions, cynicism and despair of true by the very magnitude and complexity brotherhood., At the very time when of the issues involved to follow Co:~::::-'!' I~lot'l,:or~o~;~~or§t~fd~~tstc'ft~~~f;~ Federation" (page 32).

scrupulously His way of dealing with who ignore or limit His power lead them. the way to a new order of good will and righteousness in all the rf'- These issues can be understood only l<>tions of men and nations? How, as one appreciates, in the light of the on the other hand, can His folbest experience of himself and others, lowers lead the way if they are the transformation which Christ is careless in thought and speech, or waiting to complete in his own life, indifferent in faith and action, and the reasons for his own failur~ concerning great impending changes to reflect the brotherly character of in the social, industrial and po- Christ in any social, business, or litical fabric either of their own political relation. Is not the present community or of the world. "The war merely the multiplication of such spread of industrialism, with its failures? Undoubtedly more indi- struggle between capital and labor, viduals and nations are in some way the unification in political ideas, the responsible than have yet realized transformation of the status of their part in this world catastrophe. women, the triumph of the scientific But the way of escape is not found method in study, the practical by seeking first to fix responsibility standardization of education from lIpon others. Our Lord's condition the kindergarten to the university, for clear vision requires rather that are working changes in society beeach one should first cast out of his side which the differences of race, own life any feeling or motive which, history, climate, and even inherited intensified and multiplied, would in- religion seem almost incidental. crease unbrotherly relations between Western civilization is conquering the different classes or races. Moreover, world as it has conquered Europe and His commands to seek first our America. Will the Gospel conquer Father's Kingdom of brotherly love civilization? That is a vastly more and His righteousness, and to pray comprehensive question than whether that His will may be done on eardl it can conqtler Buddhism, Brahmaneven as it is done in Heaven, de- ism, or any other of the Asiatic remands the study and readjustment of ligions."* In the present plight of personal habits and purposes. These civilization, this central question commands of Christ require also that should drive us to Christ, Himself. His followers grapple with great All else has failed. This is the time issues which are involved in His pro- to try conclusively, to an extent gram for the world. never before attempted, both the preparation and the methods of If believers in Christ flinch from Jesus Christ. facing these personal and social questions in the spirit of His self-sacrifice, Christ'. Methods and Our'. what hope is there of any solution? In all history Christ alone has Because He came to give help to brought real brotherhood among men, not through His ethical teaching, men rather than to angels, therefore merely, but by the transforming "it behooved Him in all things to be power of His spirit in the life of made like unto His brethren, that individuals. How then can those "Dean Shailer Mathews, International Review of Missions, page 438.

· THE WAR AND THE WAY OUT

He might become a merciful and hopefulness. On that night of suffer- . faithful" representative of the people ing when the fear of Jewish hatred in sympathizing prayer. So much and Roman power was soon to at least, of the larger truth of the scatter His followers, Jesus prayed, Letter to the Hebrews applies to every with far-seeing faith, not for them one who would help to realize only, but for those also who would Christ's vision among men. In the believe on Him through their word. home where His own brothers did His prayer at the grave of Lazarus not believe on Him, in the car- suggests that He prepared for and penter shop and in the village life even accomplished His greatest works of despised Nazareth, as well as in when alone with God in prayer. It His crowded ministry, He identified throws light upon the way in which Himself with men of various occu- He often spent the night or early pations and points of view, was morning in a solitary place with His tempted as they were, and "learned Father. This was His habit after, obedience by the things which he as well as before, important events. suffered," in order that He might He also conserved His work in combe :liorever merciful and faithful to munion with God. tl1em. Of the perpetual work for which He thus prepared we are told Prayer was to Christ the means, that "He ever liveth to make inter- not only of helping individuals, but cession," and that thereby "He is of dealing with intricate social able to save to the uttermost." His problems. Then He had been· healcontinuing life of prayer is empha- ing, teaching, and preaching in the sized also in the Letter to the Ro- cities and villages of Galilee, and was mans as a ground for confidence in moved with compassion for the disthe ultimate triumph of the love of tressed and scattered multitudes, He God in a vast family of brothers.l saw with deeper insight than His disciples that the real difficulty was By this constancy in helping others not with the multitudes: "The harvest through prayer, Christ enforces the indeed is plenteous, but the laborers teaching and example of His earthly are few." For this reason, He turned life, and calls us to our most im- to the fundamental lack, and' comport.ant service. In Him we see manded: "Pray ye therefore the Lord that, as other duties vary with chang- of the harvest, that he send forth ing circamstance, and call for clear laborers into his harvest." This thinking and courageous sacrifice, diagnosis is correct for the world the duty of prayer for others, as well as of personal communion with God, to-day; this remedy applies to ill must always be given primacy in order to insure the right preparation social disorders. Christ goes to the and performance of all else. heart of present problems when He calls His disciples to pray for At the great CrISIS in Simon laborers who share His spirit ami Peter's life, Christ first prayed for who will employ His methods. him, then warned him with loving Shall Christ-like leadership, on 'See Romans 8: 26·39, Weymouth's translation which everything e1s'e depends, come into modern speech. to Church and State at home and abroad? Shall it come out of the

tribulation of Europe and the un- based on scholarly and world-wiele rest of Asia? "The laborers are few, investigations. In. the light of recent pray ye therefore." Shall the leaders events, these conclusions become a of the coming day be delivered from prophetic challenge, calling us to a false ideals, from selfish ambitions, more absolute dependence upon God, from habits which make men slaves? and to an undisc0urageable practise "This kind can come out by nothing, of prayer, such as the first followers save by prayer." Shall they learn to of Christ learned directly from Him. work by prayer as the first apostles had to learn to work before they "The Apostles were driven· back could accomplish lasting results? on their memories of the Lord, they The laws of spiritual life have not were driven into closer fellowship changed since the first century. with Him, because the opportunities and the dangers of their task taught Since then, however, the tempta- them the insufficiency of all their tions to depend upon material re- past discoveries of Him. New faith sources and upon merely human in- is always born out of new emergenfluence and organization have become cies. .. . The historic peculiarity of more subtle and insistent than ever. the present situation is that, after Shall this disastrous dependence be long neglect, the Church is once again continued in the present extremity of facing the emergency. The age~ the world's need, and notwithstand- which flinched from facing. that ing its revelation of human in- emergency were necessarily shut off sufficiency? In transformations of from . . . the pressure of that excharacter, Christian activities to-day, tremity of need which is God's optho more numerous than ever, have portunity of revelation. To-day we proved with instructive exceptions, stand in that extremity once more. comparatively fruitless and fragment- . . . We have before this present ary. Prayer can fill all these ac- generation one of the greatest perils tivities with the transforming power and one of the greatest opportunities of love and unity. The need in the of human history. . . . As compared present collapse of man's devices is, with the numbers, the resources, and therefore, not merely to mUltiply the organization of the Church toactivity and money, but primarily to day, the Church of old was but a multiply prayer, the secret of all feeble thing when it adventured forth fruitful activity. into the great arena of the empire to win it for God. But in its faith in The Verdict of Leaders God, in Christ, in the Spirit, in the power of prayer, in its love, and in This need is expressed in many its unity, its life was of a nobler tone. ways; in none, perhaps, more im- It was able, therefore, to believe in pressively than in the independent victory, and so victory came, however conclusions of representative states- partial that victory might be. . . . men, educators, and leaders of the So only can the Church of to-day Church in all lands who served on rise out of its divisions and compardifferent commissions of the Edin- ative impotence. . . . Weare back burgh Conference. Their conclusions once more in the ancient condition. are particularly noteworthy because

WAR AND THE WAY OUT

Duty has led us into extremity, and may have a real share in the' mis- extremity casts us upon' God."2 sionary labors of the Church if they "Every grave crisis in the expan- will give themselves to the mighty sion of Christianity which has been ministry of prayer. It is the successfully met has been met by highest effort of which the human the faithfulness of Christ's disciples spirit is capable. Proficiency and in the secret place. That there is power in prayer cannot be attained a necessary connection between the without patient continuance and prayers of Christians on the one much practise. The primary need is hand, and on the other hand, the not the multiplication of prayer revealing of Christ's plan, the meetings but that individual raising up of workers, and the Christians should learn to pray. If releasing of the great spiritual forces this work is to be taken seriously, of the Kingdom, is a fact as clearly the hour of prayer must be definitely established as any fact can be estab- set apart and jealously guarded in lished. The Church has not spite of weariness and many dis- yet discovered, still less begun to tractions.'"

realize, the limitless possibilities of Essential Conditions intercession. How to multiply the The conditions for effective prayer correspond to the conditions for number of Christians who . . . will Christ-like character. They can be learned in no easier way than Christ wield this force for the conversion Himself found necessary. We must take time and pains to be human in and transformation of men, for the the deep and broad sense in which He became human. We must share inauguration and energizing of spiri- His sympathetic contact with our brother's need as well as His intimate tual movements, and for the breaking communion with our Father. "To get to man by way of God, and God down of all that exalts itsel f against by way of man, is the only way to keep the entire health of the soul." Christ and His purposes-that is the A life of prayer grows rich, strong and free from strain in proportion tn supreme question of foreign mis- the closeness and constancy of Iel-' lowship with Christ in His ministry sions."3 to men. In no other way can we share His sympathetic insight into "The greatest leaders of the mis- the deep needs and latent possibilities of individuals, and exercise through sionary enterprise have been men of Him a transforming faith on their behalf. This is a matter not merely prayer. The volume of testimony is of the affections and the understand- ing, but of the will. "If any man overwhelming that 'Prayer is power.'

. . . The missionary enterprise has led many adventurous spirits to ex- plore unknown territories and tread unbeaten paths. The same spirit of adventure is needed to discover the wealth and resources of life in God.

The work of evangelization must wait until Christian people resolutely set themselves to put to the proof 'the availability of God for faith. Many who cannot go to the mission field .2 Commission IV. "'The Missionary Message." 'Commission VI. "The Home Base of Missions," Chapter VII, General Conclusions. Chapter I.

·Commission T. "Carrying the Gospel to all the non·Christian World." Part III.

willeth to do his will, he shall know so leads into the deepest experiences of the teaching." "If ye abide in me of Christ's heart and mind. May and my words abide in you, ask not, therefore, a loving Father well whatsoever ye will." condition His own activity upon the prayers of His children in order that These are Christ's conditions also they may learn to think and desire for dissolving doubt. The way to and achieve with Him, in the fellowdiscover the real possibilities of ship of His Son, and so have His prayer is to learn from Christ its Spirit become their disposition. Jn true nature and requirements, and to this way only can they be fitted for follow Him in its daily practise. Let the greatest usefulness. The un-' a man begin to pray so far as he conscious influence of Christ-like honestly can, even if at first he character has proved more pervasive seeks' only to know God and to be and potent for the real transformareconciled to Him. But let him not tion of individuals and races than hesitate to pray for others because has all the knowledge and power of of any supposed conflict with a fixed self-sufficient men. order of nature. By persevering to follow Christ in prayer, he will Enlisting Others learn that- God is "in some vital sense a personal being, and, therefore, can When the character of Christ is do what other persons can do. reflected in daily living, and His namely, put a thought into the mind practise of private prayer is made a of a man. This opens a wide door great reality, the desire and purpose for answer to prayer, because almost to pray will be communicated to all of the petitions we ever have oc- others also. After Jesus had becn casion to make to God are such as praying in a certain place, one of can be answered by His producing his disciples said:. "Lord, teach us feeling and thought in the mind of to pray." Unselfish prayer will lead some man."5 Prayer moves in a tiS also into the most sympathetic and realm where its laws can be verified helpful relations with our fellow only by experiment. men. Like Christ, we should identify ourselves with those for whom we In this time of testing for men and pray, and also with those who pray nations, the needs of the world and with us. No kind of meeting for of one's own soul call for great ven- prayer seems more neglected in our tur.es in prayer for others. Men wait day than that for which Christ refor faith to gain mastery of them- peatedly set the example, and espeselves, for love to make real brother- cially promised His presence-the inhood possible. Nothing purifies and timate meeting "where two or three strengthens both faith and love like are gathered" in His name. Shall definite, persevering prayer for not our Lord's promise be appreothers. Nothing brings men so in- ciated and given more constarit fultimately into friendship and co- filment in daily life by taking operation with God; because nothing advantage of the opportunities for prayer with one or two others which 'See further, "Can Prayer accomplish anything will surely come if we are praying aoart from the man who prays?" an address by Dean Bosworth, published by the Laymen's Mis· sionary Movement, New York City.

and watching for them, and also by country move us to pray that their making regular appointments for sacrifices may not be made in vain prayer? Many who hesitate to take by bringing only a deceptive peace the initiative are eager to respond. which will prepare for deadlier war- Immeasurable influences will flow fare. Christ offers the on(y alter- from even two learners who have native. Therefore, let us pray that, each other's confidence, and are through the sufferings and disillu- uniting at any cost to cooperate with sionments of this war, men and Christ in praying for any who need women of all nations may find in help–for those bearing large respon- Him the undying love and the per- sibilities and facing far-reaching de- suasive righteousness which He cisions, as well as for the tempted, reveals and makes possible. How perplexed and discouraged. When a can lasting peace ever be established group meeting for this purpose grows.. without these great essentials of en- in numbers, it can often multiply its during character and government?6 influence by dividing, and thus escape the danger of formalism. In making the objects for prayer vivid to the minds of those who have Such groups will prepare the way met for intercession, care is necessary for larger meetings for united inter- lest too much speaking take the place cession, which should broaden the of sufficient time given to prayer horizon and enlarge the sympathies itself. Moreover, no amount of time by presenting vividly great needs and spent in united prayer can compensate objects for prayer. For instance, the for the loss of adequate preparation unusual opportunities and difficulties in secret, on which Christ laid such of real brotherhood, now arising from stress by His teaching and His ex- deep dissatisfaction with things as ample. This alone will increase they are in Europe, in Asia, and in vicarious prayer; without it public our own land, and the consequent prayer and talk about prayer becomes need for right leadership, and for empty and even repellent. When the true missionary spirit as "a moral Charles Simeon had given private equivalent for war," should be prayer the chief place in his life, brought home to men concretely until and let nothing interfere with its they realize their own responsibility daily practise, students of Cam- and insufficiency. Then experiences bridge University came to his rooms like those of Abraham Lincoln will week after week to learn the ways . follow: "I have been driven many of God with men. He had won his times to my knees by the overwhelm- battle with sloth by forfeiting a ing conviction that I had nowhere sovereign every time he allowed his else to go." No one comes to his hahit of prayer to be broken. He fuIIest dependence upon God, or to the literally prayed his way through op- most effective practise of prayer, position and ill-treatment at Cam- until he faces an urgent need, and bridge, and for fifty years profoundly . realizes that only God is sufficient. Shall not the very hopelessness of 8 Many have been helped in the present· emer~ multitudes who are now paying the gency by '4Aids to Prayer," a cycle for daily use in full measure of devotion to their view o~ alI that is involv~d in this war. (Mi~lionary Education Movement, 156 Fifth. Avenue, New York, 20 cents lIer dozen, or $1.00 per Iltuldted.)

influenced students to enter the min- same seriousness and strength of purpose that it has devoted to other istry and the mission field. Well forms of Christian effort, it will see the Kingdom of God come with might Lord Macaulay, looking back power . . . The call that is most urgent and most insistent is that on his own student days, say of Christian men and women should deeply resolve to venture out and Simeon, "His influence extended make trial of the unexplored depths of the character and resources of from Cambridge to the most remote God."7 Shall we not take Christ at His word, and individually and corner of England. His real sway unitedly conform to His conditions and commands for effectual prayer? over the Church was far greater "Enter into thine inner chamber, and having. shut thy door, pray to thy than that of any Primate." Father."

How best to encourage and direct 'JCommissio.n VI. "The Home Base of Missions."

prayer is the problem of the greatest undeveloped possibilities in the whole range of Christian service. Why has not this "whole subject .

yet received the careful thought and serious investigation that its import- ance deserves? When the Church sets itself to pray with the Some Aids to Prayer* FOR AMERICAN CHRISTIANS IN VIEW OF THE PRESENT WAR T HE situation occasioned by the great me consider with honesty and thor- war presents the largest and most in- oughness: sistent call to intercession which has ever Wherein my own patriotism has been come to the Christian people of America. The highest office of friendship is to help tainted by national glorification, our friends in the deepest things of life, suspicion, ill-will, or any manifestaand the deepest things of life are those tion of a selfish or unbrotherly spirit. which have to do with preserving a right Wherein I have been blinded by trarelation between man and God and be- dition or popular ~pinion to the tween man and man. Among the differ- moral and spiritual evil in warfare. ent ways of helping in the present world Wherein I have failed to exert my crisis, there is none which will compare influence, however limited, in favor in vital importance with that of wielding of basing international relationships the force of prayer. . . . upon righteousness and good-will. Wherein I have failed to show the love The cultivation of the habit of re- of Christ in discharging my social, flection on the character, wishes and re- business, and political responsibilisources of God will establish confidence ties and in fulfilling my personal in Him, lead to a better understanding obligations to those of other nations of His will, and help to ensure effective and races. prayer. Let me confess my sins and shortcomings I-My Own Attitude to my merciful Heavenly Father, in whom all men are brothers, and seek In the light of what is true and with the His full forgiveness. illumination of God's Holy Spirit, let "Extracts from a leaflet that may be had at 20 cents per dozen, or $1.00 per hundred, postpaid, from The Missionary Education Movement, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York.

AIDS TO PRAYER

Let me give my life with new obedience That all who through this war are and daring faith to praying as my brought to poverty or hunger may feel Lord commands: Our Father, Thy the nearness of the Great Burden- Kingdom corne, Thy will be done on bearer, and that those who have the earth as it is in heaven. . . . comforts of life may be led in the spirit of Christ to' provide effective II-For International Justice and relief. Good-will That they may realize as never before That all who mold public opinion or that through Christ alone can races have authority in the warring nations and nations corne into right relations may be purged of every evil motive, with one another, and may devote endowed with clear and balanced themselves to accomplishing His all- minds, given the needed courage and sufficient program for the world.. humility to uphold what is right and follow what is true, and be restrained V-For Christians Everywhere from whatever would hinder the early establishment of a lasting peace. . . . That the hearts of Christian people may be lifted above all tumult and strife to That those in positions of influence or God in His majesty and love, and that power in neutral nations may be given through this time of stress the bonds an impartial, unselfish and righteous which unite those who are in Christ attitude toward the nations in mortal may be maintained unbroken. . . . combat, and may be alert and wise to seize every opportunity for promoting That the present experiences may con- a new international understanding vince Christians everywhere of the founded on principles of cooperation sins which make war possible; may and justice. . . impres's upon them the wide range of their civic and political responsi- III-For Those Who Are Fighting bilities. . . .

That the soldiers and sailors engaged in That they may be especially eager and the present conflict may be kept from wise to lead those who are tempted, yieldirrg to lust, vainglory, revenge, perplexed or discouraged to the source or other unholy passion, and that in of strength, wisdom, and hope in Jesus the midst of peril they may be bold Christ, our Lord. through life or death to put their trust in God. . . . VI-For Christian Work Throughout the World ~ That those who minister to the physical or spiritual needs of the sick and That non-Christian peoples may be able wounded may manifest more and more of the sympathy, skill and faithful- to distinguish between certain motives ness of Christ Himself. which lead to war and the unselfish IV-For All Affected by the War purpose of the Prince of Peace, and, That those who are bound by ties of blood or friendship to the men in the by the very tragedy of what is at fighting forces may cast all their cares upon Jesus Christ, and be brought variance with His will, may be im- through the fellowship of His suffer- ing to give themselves with abandon pelled to seek first His Kingdom and to praying and working for a civiliza- tion that shall realize His vision. . . . His righteousness. . . . .

That all missionaries and Christian workers may be granted, in this time of anxiety and suffering, an unfalter- ing faith in God and in His all-em- bracing plan, and may sanctify them- selves anew for Christ-like service in

the difficulties' and opportunities which vance of His Kingdom falters, the challenge their faith. victories that wait for reinforce- ments. . . . VII-For the Missionary Spirit That by the self-sacrificing loyalty of That those who are fitted in mind and heart for Christian leadership may be millions to their country, Christian preserved amid the perils of war and people everywhere may be inspired disciplined by its hardships for a more with complete devotion to undertake faithful and effective service in the the spiritual conquest of the woricl for caus'e of Christ. Christ, and to win, wherever the ad- Missions and Militarism BY WILLIAM C. ALLEN, SAN JOSE, CALIFORNIA WELL-KNOWN mis- stood with fixt bayonets over it the sionary from China re- various Christian faiths would have cently illustrated the massacred each other long ago." handicap of western militarism upon mi<;- But not alone do the Oriental sionary effort by the Christians in the Holy Land come following incident. One day when under condemnation. We;tern Eupreaching upon "The Love of Christ rope and America are also recreant to and the Brotherhood of Christians," the sweet basic principles of love an old Chinese shambled up, struck which were emphasized by the Saan attitude in front of him, and in- vior, and were unqualifiedly confirmed terrupted with the question: by His early followers. "Vhere do you come from?" "The United States." Joshua Rowntree, M.P., in "Brute "Got any warships?" Force versus Brotherhood," has writ- "Yes." ten: "Christendom, to its lasting The old man gave a grunt of dis- shame, has been compelling the dain and shuffled away. My mis- Chinese by the fear of the partition sionary friend said to me: "That of their Empire to copy its own mort' sermon was spoiled-but what could efficient and exalted battle array, and I say?" iO introduce for the first time mili- A Jewish writer has declared that, "Above all, the war makers are the tary exercises into their schools. Ts favorites of Christian people." KiamiI Pasha, the recent head of it generally recognized that if China the Turkish Cabinet, speaking of the goes on arming and drilling up to bitter spirit manifested by Christians the European standards she will come at the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem to possess an army of thirty-six miltauntingly declared: "Had not Turkey lions of men?"

Sir Robert Hart, whose eminent services 011 behalf of the Chinese Empire are well-known, gravely sug- gested that China may some time use this force to compel Christian abroad and at the same time help to nations to disarm. He asks, "Could furbish the sword at home? Does any satire be more severe on the she preach Jesus as the exponent of militarism and mammon worship of eternal Love to the pagan and at the Christendom ?" same time, without protest, allow her A Tokyo newspaper rises up in statesmen menacingly to throw a judgment against Christian countries cruiser at his feet?

as follows: "It is well that mission- Why should the Church fail to aries and supporters of Christian trust the promises of the Prince of missions to 'the heathen' should know Peace? Why should she not every- that the Oriental mind now defines where testify to the reality of her Christianity as battle-ships, cannons, conviction that preparation for war and rifles, devised and constructed -which in spite of lame reasoning for the plunder of the earth. The to the contrary both psychologically bleeding figure on the Cross which and physically makes for strife–is missionaries hold up to the view of outside of the Gospel and is admit- non-Christian peoples gets blurred out tedly a sin?

of their sight, for on their horizon The Friends-or Quakers as. they looms largely the figure of the armed are often called-have during a no- robber, with cannon and rifles level- table existence of 250 years had the led, threatening 'your country or your most extraordinary experiences in life.' " civil and international wars among Some acknowledge this is all too barbarous and civilized peoples, and true, but hopelessly inquire: "How yet not one consistent Friend during can we help ourselves? Can we dis- all that period has lost his life on arm? Is not the thought Utopian?" that account. Does God really take In the first place let it be said that care of those who put their trust in if the big international combinations Him? If we prepare for war, we of military men, manufacturers .of will have war-as the European situ- armaments, contractors, and the ation amply proves-if we prepare "armor-plate press," all of which for peace we will have peace.

make prestige or millions out of this The modern missionary is an am- un-Christianlike business, fail to bassador of peace. Trade does not cease manufacturing their war-scares so much follow the flag as it does or do not stop their poverty-creating the path blazed by the missionary.

work, no doubt democracy at no dis- The Japan Mail has acknowledged tant period will compel them to do that "no person has done as much as so. Labor unions, educators, bankers, the missionary to bring foreigners and chambers of commerce, as never and Japanese into close intercourse."

before, are grappling with this ques- The late Samuel B. Capen, former tion. President of American Board of Where is the Church with all her Commissioners for Foreign Missions, home machinery and with all her quoted Sir Chas. Warren, Governor foreign mission work? Does she lag of Natal, who said: "For the pre- behind? Does she lack faith in her servation of peace between the col- Christ? Does she exalt trust in God onists and the natives one missionaI} is worth a battalion of soldiers." the very context of everything that Missionaries in many oountries have Christ ever did and said." He reproved their influence in shaping the minded his hearers that the success diplomacy of the world owing to of the world-mission is recognized their superior knowledge of local by its leaders to be closely wrapt conditions, combined with personal up with the preservation of concord reputations, which inexperienced gov- among the nations. ernment representatives or officials from abroad can not always com- The reports indicate that Amerimand.. can Protestants contributed in the year 1913 the sum of $16,398,000 to Under such circumstances a broad foreign missions. That is only a vision will indicate that the possi- trifle over the cost of a single battlebilities of the foreign missionary are ship. The same group of Protesalmost limitless. It is the oft-times tants, almost without thinking about failure of his friends at home to it, expend annually, by means of testify against the non-Christianity of direct or indirect taxation, many militarism that so frequently handi- times more than $16,398,000 for the caps him. He, of sheer necessity, most improved murderous machinery, preaches the fundamentals. He does and naval equipment, that will lie idle not preach so much the Mosaic law and useless unless they are used to as the Gospel of Christ, which is kill and mangle "Christians" or based on the fulness of love. Unless "pagans" for whom Christ died. Does the missionary can show his pagan not this fact unconsciously chill our critics-who nowadays know what hearts? Does it not affect our ability goes on in the world-the practical to contribute more money to the affect of the operation of that love missionary work of the Church of as indicated individually and inter- Christ? nationally in the land from whence he came, his ministry must often be The Oriental races, particularly, nullified. His home church, if it is should know the real spirit of to realize to the fulI a rich fruitage, humanity and brotherhood that animust itself proclaim against anything mates the Christian people of Amerthat is glaringly contrary to the ica who send missionaries among gospel it professes. The church has them. They will never know this. testified at home and in non-Christian and their cultured classes will never lands against the evils of intoxicants, be disarmed of suspicions regarding and thel"e are reasons as potent and the ulterior intent of our civilization, fundamental why it should declare until the church organizations more against the hideous damage and pas- fully repudiate militarism as being in sions of militarism. We must be essence antagonistic to the religion of consistently loyal to our Prince of Jesus Christ. Keen business men are Peace if we are to win men per- denouncing war for business and manently to Him. economic reasons. The churches must do the same from humanitarian. Dr. John R. Mott recently referred religious and missionary considerto the ideal of peace as being-Hin ations.

OFFICERS OF THE SHANGHAI Y. M.C.A., AND THE MEN AND RELIGION

Will Christianity Win?

IS THE EVANGELIZATION OF THE WORLD A REALITY OR A DREAM?

BY FRED B. SMITH," NEW YORK Former Secretary of the International Committee of the Young Men's Christian Association CONFESS to having not. I still believe that, and would not turn aside even if no stronger evimI once cherished some dences had been forthcoming. But I sympathy with those am unspeakably thankful for the who have been bewil- impressions which have been vouch- dered by the practically safed in three tours to missionary – staggering task of pene- fields, bringing this program into the realm of actual reality. Nine years trating the seemingly bottomless pit ago I visited India; five years ago South Africa, and two years ago Asia of a bilIion souls, steeped for and South Africa. As a result I am fully persuaded that the evangelizacenturies in the superstitions of tion of the whole world is not only a moral and spiritual obligation upon non-Christian faiths. For many years those who call themselves Christians I held to a theological sympathy and cooperation with foreign missions be- cause I knew the program of spread- ing the G 0 s pel everywhere was right, whether it ever succeeded or "Mr. Smith returned not . long ago from a world tour which brought him in contact with the missions and missionaries of Japan, China, South Africa, and India. He did Dot go primarily upon a campaign of missionary promotion or investigation-a fact whicb adds something to tlle si~i.ficancc of hia conclusions. The impressions may also have been intensified by tbe fact that be has never been officially related to any foreign missionary soeiety, but haa been more taken up with home problema.

but I am filled with great joy in the placed upon "time" as well as eterdeeper conviction that it is being ac- nity, upon what result any given complished. I do not venture any faith may produce in helping people prophesies concerning the proportion to live their highest and best lives of growth in actual communicants to here and now, then the collapse of the the various churches. "iVhile that is old non-Christian faiths is surely forean important item, it is not the sover- told. Christian schools, colleges, unieign one. I do not see any spiritual versities, hospitals, doctors, and farmalchemy by which all the people of ers as well as evangelists, furnish the Orient will suddenly become good, an unanswerable argument for the happy and prosperous. All the peo- final universal reign of Christ. ple of Great Britain, Germany and the United States are not members of This unrest is not seen only in the the churches, or good, happy and Orient, for in a greater or lesser deprosperous, and yet, in spite of preva- gree it is everywhere. But wherever lent evils, there are in these nations the call is being sounded for democstrong evidences of the power of the racy, the rights of women, the proper principles of our Lord and Savior care of children, economic justice, J eSlls Christ. There are also signs and all human welfare, Christianity that the triumph of these same blest welcomes it with an open mind and truths is coming in the non-Christian a glad heart as a part of the Gospel lands. The activity of Mohamme- of Jesus. The absolute indiffetertce dans in A f ric a, of Buddhists in of traditional Buddhism, Mohammed- Japan, of Hindus in India, or of ism, Hinduism, Shinto and Confu- Confucianists in China can have no cianism to these appeals, as contrastpermanent effect on the ultimate re- ed with the alertness of the leaders sult. The sovereign principles of and exponents of Christianity to pro- Jesus Christ are destined to conquer mote them as a necessary result of the worI'd. This conviction is based their faith, leaves room for but one upon the following carefully thought- conclusion, namely that the evangelout impressions. ization of the world by the Gospel message is· to be a reality.

First: The openly admitted dissatis- Second: The character and quality faction of the leading men of the of the representatives of the non-Christian nations with the Church in the foreign field. results of the old religions. Not all who have gone as mission- At every point of the compass we aries to foreign fields have been men were brought into contact with the and women of exceptionally high unrest of the nations, with expres- character. There have been some sions of religion which have no solu- notable failures, for some societies tion for the real needs of living peo- have been lax in their selections. ple. So long as a religion professes But after ten years of close observato deal only with eternity, "Nir- tion I am persuaded that the avera.ge vana"-any kind of weird philos- quality is vastly higher than in the ophy may remain in the forum of home field. I am filled with confident debate. But when the emphasis is hope for the foreign missionary en-

CHRISTIANITY WIN?

terprise because, as a whole, the repre- Africa you must consult Rev. Fred- sentatives of the Church have so erick Bridgeman, of Transvaal." manifestly those elements which are necessary for victory. These men are all missionaries, and I believe that the sentiment is typical In the first place they are imbued of the impression being made by the with sacrificial devotion. God only knows the heart aches, the sorrows, c. S. LIANG, OF HONGKO NG the privations, the Gardens of Geth- Editor of the First Christian Daily P aper in China semane through which the conquering missionaries pass. They do not call major portion of those representing for pity, but I would be glad if the the C h u r chin the non-Christian inspiring thought could be grasped world. It is said that "knowledge is that these soldiers of the Cross at power," and if so it is not easy to the front are of that mettle which estimate the immense asset to the ·has always won mighty victories in Christian forces, which this thorough the world's great history. They have investigating habit of the missionaries to conquer climate, natural distaste is destined to be in the great final for alien and unlovely people, hostile struggle. social distinctions, bitter, unsavory reputations of Godless white men, In the third place, they are almost and superstitions steeped in centuries without exception people of deep perof traditions more binding than ever sonal religious experience. It is esknown in the West. Yet they stay sentiaLly no more spiritual· to serve , at their posts and win. This is of Christ faithfully in Borneo than it itself an omen of triumph. is in London. It is, however, quite possible to engage in . some form of , In the second place, they are for the most part careful students of the countries in which they serve. No one item was commented upon more often by the most leading men, native and foreigners, I met than this. A great educationalist in India said that the best·informed man concern.:. ing the whole life of that people was Dr. Robert A. Hume of Ahmednagar. A similar comment was made by a high official in Chi n a concerning Fletcher S. Brockman of Shanghai. Much the same thought was exprest by the Mayor of a Japanese City as to Bishop Merriman C. Harris of Tokyo. Even a stronger assent was given to this fact by the second highest officer in South Africa, when he said: UIf you want to get the most accurate facts about South

Christian work in London or New tion of the world when led by 22,000 York with a less degree of genuine people of such experience.

personal experience than is apt to Third: The rapid advance of the impel one to a similar task in the nati've Church. wilds of Borneo. Somewhere, some One can not soon forget the de- pression of earlier days when at- tempting to compute mathematically the conversion of the world by so many missionaries required, and so much money for each. The task L1pon that basis is for ever impos~ sible, and some harm may have un- wittingly been done by that method of reckoning. The deaths in the ranks of missionari es, the increase in population in the foreign fields and the limitation of financial resources made the outlook oppressive.

The present view that the problem is to be mastered by the development of "self-supporting, self-governing, self-propagating" spirit-filled church- es, and ' Christians of every kind, REV. C. NAKAYAMA has changed every tint in the Chris- Thirty-e"ight Years Methodist Minister in Japan tian horizon. On this plan there are already abundant evidences that by day, God spoke very definitely to the Grace of God the work can be these missionaries, and the dee p s done.

were stirred as they placed their all An old missionary in Japan intro- upon the altar for life or death. No duced me to the second or third con- one can be with any of them vert he had baptized. This convert very long without feeling the sense Was the pastor of a church of 2,626 of this power. Everyone of them members, where not one dollar of has 'gone out expecting to win. Even foreign inoney had been expended.

r'educed to the lowest terms of human Examples of this kind are found in energy only, this becomes almost in- many places, and teU with gladness vincible; but when we add to that an that we are beginning to see over the unfailing faith in the supernatural hill of this program. The West !Ieed power of Jehovah, there is left no not weary itself by attempting to Language for expressing defeat. We compute ,the outcome according to may ,as well prophesy about , the seemingly impossible n u m b e r s of heavens falling, the Bible disintegrating; or Jesus Christ being ad- missionaries ' or dollars. Wh ~ tit ~itted a myth, as to 'take account of any reCkoning~ ~cept for a ' final mu~t d,oi~to. 's~ndout enough strong leaders fo ' teach ' ,and inspire this grow~ng native 'church; ' and t~ suP: glorious victory for the evangetiza- port these' leaders -Wen :enough thaf

they may do their best work unham- and writing out the specified requirepered. One hundred glorious years ments to encompass the entire task of this effort have written the spirit- in a reasonable time. At the same ual romance of church history. God time another group of messengers, only knows how fully the consum- quite independent of the fi rst, have mation may be realized if the twen- been preaching with unwonted pastieth century Christian Church at sion the doctrine of stewardship. The home' will prove true to this present men of the Vest are under its spell vIsIon. as no generation has been in the his- tory of man. The Orient calls and Fourth: The Renascence of Stew- declares its need, the Occident hears ardship. and is answering with the sinews of war. A man must be blind to the God never causes only one thing to most signal manifestations of God happen at a time. Somewhere in His who fails to seein this the omen of wisdom the complement is also always triumph for the cause of Christ. being prepared. When Martin Luther was pleading in the Diet of These and many other tokens move Worms for freedom, a western con- the Christian, heart to believe that tinent was being prepared as the right speedily Jesus Christ is to be arena in which to give the most made known unto the uttermost parts superb illustration of his doctrines in of the earth. The missionary proaction. This dual Providence can be gram is not an ethereal, sentimental, read in all history. Nowhere has effervescent dream; it is magnificent, this been more marked than in the hardy, worthy reality, and ought to coming together of two great chal- command large investments of life, lenges in the daybreak of this twen- prayer, thought, and money upon the tieth century. Upon one side of the part of all those who love the name world great engineers have bee n of Jesus Christ and await His apcharting the unevangelized regions pearing.

TYPICAL CONFERENCE OF CHRISTIAN WORKERS FRO,M TWENTY"THREE CH'URCHES U{ K0B!!=,. lAf'A?{

of a Woman Tourist*

GLIMPSES OF WORK IN EGYPT, CEYLON AND INDIA BY MRS. HENRY W. PEABODY, BOSTON, MASS.

I[IJN the American Mission missions we found in Egypt. The College for Girls in whole missionary work at Assiut is Cairo we met a beau- wisely planned and successfully car- tiful girl, whose face I ried out.

~ shall never forget, and Some men of wealth who have she was as charming given themselves to Christ have mar- as she was beautiful. She was ex- ried women who also have learned to quisitely refined, well educated, and love the Savior, and within the last is one of the most useful Christians two years such a baptism of God's in all Egypt. She is the daughter of spirit has come to them that those a very wealthy man and when she cultured women go out day by day first came to Christ she thought that to the poorest and lowliest of the every Christian ought to preach the peasant women along the Nile, and Gospel; but, she said, "I did not know sit down with them in their humble how to preach; so I began with the little villages to teach them of the farm laborers on my father's estate love of Jesus Christ. Those women up the river." From them she went believe the message, for they say: 011 always finding people to listen, and "It must be so or such people would she is now giving all her time and not come to tell poor people like us."

talent and wealth to help other girls At Kandy in Ceylon, where the and women to find Jesus Christ. great Buddhist temple is supported At Assiut we visited two fine by gifts of tourists, we saw some re- schools, called United Presbyterian markable English mission work on schools, but which the missionaries the rubber estates. A young Oxford said are not theirs. The schools were man has gone there to work among in two old palaces belonging to two the poor coolies and he told us rich Egyptian gentlemen who had quietly of the five thousand Christians built other palaces up the Nile. These in the native churches. Last year men said, "These houses have been in they did not ask money from the our family a long time and we do not mission but from their poverty paid wish to sell them, so we will turn Rs. 14,000 (nearly $5,000), in sup- them into Christian schools, one for port of their work.

boys and one for girls." Now the Dr. Ida Scudder at Vellore, invited boys' school has 300 pupils, and the her high caste patients from the girls' school a like number-both Zenanas to a party, while we were maintained by the Egyptian gentlemen visiting her. Three beautiful Moham- who are paying the salaries of the medan girls wished to come, but their American teachers. This is a sample father is a high official, and they had of the spirit of appreciation of the never been outside their own home.

*Extracts from address at Northfield, Mass., July 12, 1914. Since the girls could not attend the We found a case. The doctor at – – party Dr. Scudder suggested that we came to meet us in an automobile. g~ and see them. The oldest girl Of course we enjoyed it. It was repeated for us some musical Arabic much better than an ox-cart; but was poetry. The youngest recited a psalm it right for a missionary? The next in perfect English: "I will lift up day he proposed going over to the mine eyes unto the hills from whence leper asylum; and I wish you could cometh my help. My help cometh have seen the row of little white from the Lord, who made heaven houses, the bright bits of gardens, and earth." There are beautiful the quiet peace, and the sweet purple hills all about Vellore, but she Christian life of these poor sufhad never seen them. The lives of ferers. As we came away, the those girls, shut in tho they are, will Doctor said, "Isn't it fine that I can always be brighter because of their come over here so often? Having friends the women missionaries. this machine makes it possible. There are only two of us doctors at the At Guntur, there is one of the most hospital, and we are very busy with marvelous women in the world, Dr. our medical school. The Rajah gave Kugler, at the head of the magnificent it to me." So it was not a Presby- Lutheran hospital. They are just terian automobile at all! It w~s from building a large new wing and the a Hindu Rajah, who said, "There is Rajah has given a fine new inn for no one who can really understand and the friends of the thousands of pa- treat me as well as these Presbyterian tients. He gave it to the mission in missionaries, and it is such a trouble gratitude for the life of his son, who to keep sending my car for them and was saved in the hospital. Dr. Kugler it takes too long to bring them in slept for two weeks out on the veran- ox-carts in missionary fashion, so I da near the little prince, who she will give them an automobile." The feared would die. One night she doctor said, "We use it for visiting heard footsteps. She did not move, the lepers, too, and that sanctifies it." but listened, and in the dim light she saw the father, the Rajah of that At Lucknow is the wonderful great district, bending over the little Methodist school, the Isabella Thowhite cot praying, "Our Father who burn College, where are gathered not art in Heaven," and pleading for his only Christian girls but the girls from son's life. God gave the little son the college started by Annie Besant back and that father has given his in Benares. The story of her recent heart to Christ. He has not yet had trial and conviction has gone over courage to be baptized, but he will India, and the girls who were in her come. One could see everywhere the school have now been put in this love those people bear the women at beautiful Christian college in Luckthe hospital. now. There is nothing finer or more progressive in American colleges than We had heard frequent criticisms that group of college girls-no, not of the missionaries for their extrava- in WeHesley, Smith or Vassar. Of gance, and wanted to see to what course, we criticized a little, as that extremes they could go on their is always proper for tourists. We salaries of a thousand dollars a year.

said, "We understand that these girls ence in the sacred city of Benares are very well cared for here, that with Its revolting temples, but in the they do not live as they did in their great popular temple of the modern mud huts at home. Is this advis- city, Calcutta, under the shadow of able ?" "Yes," they admitted, 'it is the most popular idol, Kali, goddess true, because in this province there of blood, we were held by villainous are eight hundred young men to be Brahmin priests, whose evil faces graduated from colleges this year and made us shudder at the thought of a large proportion of them are Chris- falling into their hands. They demandtians. They are going to hold lead- ed money which we gave them, and ing places in this province, some finally with a sigh of relief we found will be called to very high positions, ourselves outside the gates. The and we have so many matrimonial filthy court was a veritable shambles applications that we· can not begin after the usual sacrifice of a thousand to supply them all. Those young goats to the goddess. The cheap men do not want girls who know booths with pictures of the hideous nothing but mud huts. They want idol, her red tongue hanging out, the women of intelligence and culture vile symbols, the groups of bold who can take their places with their painted women who serve in the husbands as educated Christian wo- Temple, and above all the wicked men." That seems reasonable, and faces of the oily Brahmin priests we were rejoiced to see throughout left a real and definite impression of Asia just this type of women-the the religion of India that can never "new woman" of the. East. be effaced by either Annie Besant's pleasant interpretations or by the So the mosaic grows, bits of bright- Hindu swamis who lecture to Ameriness taking lovely forms against the can women. For days we were black background of heathenism. It haunted by the horror of it. Not is a darkness that one. who has once did we see in any city or temple not seen can not fulIy understand. of India one pure, elevating, spiritual We four women traveled 30,000 suggestion. Heathenism has not miles with perfect ease, and with- changed since the first chapter to the out accident or fear. The only Romans was written. It will never time we were really alarmed, was in change until the pure Gospel of the the Hindu Temple at Kalighat, in Son of God shall come. Calcutta. We had a horrid experi- "The evangelization of the world in this generation is one of the most urgent of questions, because the moment in which we are living is perhaps the most critical of any in the history of the non-Christian races. The Christian races are permeating every part of the world for material profit. But if the best results to both Christians and natives are to follow this tremendous movement-if the Christian nations are to develop national wealth in peace and under the be"t possible conditions to all concerned-then they must caJ;ry the evangelical truths of Christianity to all these non-Christian people."

-The Right Hon. Viscount Bryce.

Christ's Missionary

BY HENRY W. FROST, SUMMIT, N. J.

Director for N Drth America of the China Inland Mission HERE has been in re- have Christians look high in order that they may live high; and He IDT cent years a marked would have them live high in order change in the kind of that they may lift others equally high. motive presented t a It is supremely important, therefore, men in order to induce to discover what the divinely given them to g i v e them- motives are. The Apostle Paul felt selves to missionary service. In many that these could be exprest in one quarters there has been a positive phrase: "The love of Christ"-that is, decline from the scriptural· and spirit- Christ's love for us-"constraineth ual to the selfish, or at least to the us." But other portions of the Word simply humanitarian. This has re- of God indicate that this one motive sulted in a weakness, both in the includes several others. These moappeal and in its results. It is true tives appear to be three in number. that non-Christian nations are in a It is our purpose to consider these, pitiable state, governmentally, educa- one by one. tionally, commercially, socially, and physically; and it is equally true that A First Motive nothing but Christianity will alter the existing conditions. But such condi- During the earlier portion of the tions do not constitute the appeal ministry of Jesus on earth, He spoke which God makes to His people when very little about missions; but after He urges them to Christianize the His resurrection, until His ascension, nations. The conditions above named He spoke of nothing else. This is a have all to do with the present tem- striking fact, especially as there were poral life and tho a total transforma- many other matters about which His tion might be secured in these re- disciples might have wished to have spects, the peoples so affected-as the Him speak in those last days and present condition of Japan demon- with which He might have desired to strates-would have been brought no occupy ~Himself. During the forty nearer to God than before. While it days of His ascension, one theme was is always true that Christianity civil- uppermost in His mind, and that one izes, it is never true that civilization burden lay most heavily upon His Christianizes. heart. His redemptive work having been accomplished, He longed to have If men are to be made inwardly His disciples proclaim the glad tidings right, and eternal security and bless- everywhere; hence He spoke of this, edness are to be obtained, divine mo- and of this alone. tives, leading to divine methods and results, must prevail. This is the Moreover, when ever our Lord disreason why God sets such high mo- coursed upon the theme of missions, tives before the Church. He would He always spoke as a master to his disciples, as a captain to his soldiers,

as a king to his subjects. At other men and gave them sight; another times He suggested, He exhorted; but was when He saw a leper and here, without equivocation, He com- touched and healed him; another waS manded. Not once did He explain when He saw a widow mourning the how He could demand what He was loss of her dead son and where He requiring; not once did He ask if raised that son to life; another was there were any arguments in answer when He saw the hungry multitudes to His proposals; in full knowledge and fed them; and the last was when of the terrible cost, without allowing He saw multitudes uncared for and any escape from the obligation im- asked His disciples to offer prayer in posed, He simply said, "Go!" their behalf.

In face of such a burning passion All of these passages are interest- and heavily imposed obligation, there ing, as revealing the heart of Christ.

is but one conclusion to reach; the He being the "God of compassion"

Church of Jesus Christ has no choice whose "compassions fail not." But as to whether she will or will not do the last passage is particularly inter- the thing ordered. One who has pur- esting, as it gives a view of present chased His people with His own world-conditions and God's thought blood, One who owns them in spirit, concerning them. For what was true soul, and body, One who is, indeed, that day in Galilee is still true the Master, Captain, and King, has posi- world over; and what Christ was, He tively commanded that His Gospel stiB is.

sha1l be preached throughout the As a result of His ministrations, world. Of course, the Church mav Jesus had gathered great crowds disobey, as, speaking generaily, sh·e about Him, made up of men, women, is disobeying. But under the condi- and children, who had now no place tions prevailing, this is high treason, to turn to for the night, and had and is at her present loss and future many physical and spiritual needs peril. The thing which Christ has still unsupplied. That Jesus had had commanded, is the thing which ought compassion upon the people all to be fully and immediately under- through the day, His words and acts taken. This, then, is the prime mo- attest. But now, seeing the multi- tive which God sets before Christians, tudes in such a pitiable condition, He individually and collectively, namely, had peculiar compassion upon them. that He who has a right to com- Then it was-these physical conmand has done so, and that the ditions suggesting the spiritual-that command, because of the Per son, the great heart revealed its longing, caBs for unhesitating, uncompromis- aud that there came forth the appealing, and continuous obedience, until ing, pathetic cry: "Pray ye therefore the task ordered is fuBy and finally the Lord of the harvest, that He will accomplished. send forth laborers into His harvest."

Christ ever looked on things with A Second Motive a divinely prophetic eye; and there Five passages in the Gospels speak was everything in that present view of Christ as moved with compassion. to suggest a wider vision. We can One was when Jesus saw two blind but think that not a little part of the

CHRIST'S MISSIONARY MOTIVES

emotion which Jesus experienced that which, in the divine economy, makes day was occasioned by the fact that the one and the other possible. As the multitudes before Him were a these passages are vital to our sub- picture of those other, greater multi- ject, we quote some of them without tudes which went to make up a lost comment: world, and also of those other, and "The Son of Man is come to seek and still greater, multitudes which were to save that which was· lost." yet unborn and which would go to make up the lost world which was yet "Other sheep I have, which are not of to be. So the heart bled out its grief; this fold; them also I must bring; and they shall hear my voice; and there shall and so the voice plaintively asked the be one fold (flock) and one shepherd."

help of man. And this same Christ is "Go ye therefore, and teach (disciple) ever looking down from Heaven's all nations."

throne, the same heart is ever feeling "Go ye into all the world, and preach the gospel to every creature." its weight of compassionate wo, and "Ye are witnesses of these things." the same voice is ever pleading with "Ye shall be witnesses unto me both His disciples to see as He sees, and to feel as He feels. This, then, is in Jerusalem, and in all Judea, and in the second motive ·which God sets Samaria, and unto the uttermost parts of the earth." before Christians, namely, to enter "Delivering thee from the people (the into Christ's compassion for the lost. Jews), and from the Gentiles, unto whom souls and lives of men, and thus to now I send thee; to open their eyes, be moved as He was moved, and to and to turn them fro111 darkness to light, be constrained to do as He did. and from the power of Satan unto God, that they may receive forgiveness of A Third Motive sins." "That by me the preaching might be The Gospels, recording the earthly life of Jesus, are full of promises- fully known and that all the Gentiles mostly from the lips of the Master might hear." -concerning a coming which would "Blindness in part is happened to Israel, until the fulness of the Gentiles be for the purpose of establishing be come in."

a Kingdom. The Epistles, represent- "And this gospel of the kingdom shall ing the testimony of the risen and be preached in alI the world for a witglorified Christ, continue this theme, ness unto all nations; and then shall and always give the same order, first the end come." the Coming and then the Kingdom. And at the end of the New Testa- "A great multitude which no man ment, a whole book-the Revelation could number, of all nations, and kin- dreds, and peoples, and tongues."

-is taken up with the expansion of Impressive as these passages of the now familiar thought, and tells Scripture are, and clear as their in detail how Christ will come, and teaching is to the effect that mission- what the Kingdom will be. ary service is related to all the world In addition, Gospels, Epistles, and and is for the purpose of gathering Revelation speak of a work to be to God an innumerable number of accomplished, which is preliminary people in preparation for the King to the Coming and Kingdom, and and the Kingdom, there is yet an-

other passage which is even more im- article, makes it clear what share the pressive and clear as related to the Church has in its fulfilment. To put same particulars. As if to remove it in a single sentence, it is this: God any possible misunderstanding in re- is visiting the nations, and Christians gard to the divine plan, the Spirit have the high privilege of visiting led to the declaration and preserva- them with Him. He goes forth, in tion of words which tell us what God the persons of the missionaries, not purposes to do in this present age in to "convert" all the world-since not preparation for the age to come, and all men will accept of Him-but to what part the Church is to play in gather out from it a willing people, the fulfilment of the purpose so an- heavenly in quality and innumerable nounced. We refer to Acts IS :13- in quantity, which shall be to the 18. There James, quoting Peter, is glory of His name throughout time the spokesman, and the great Apostle and eternity. Manifestly, this preconfirms his utterance by stating it paratory work will bring to pass the as a foundation truth that "known event which is described as following unto God are all his works from the it, that is, the Coming of Christ. This beginning of the world." He thus then is the final motive which God says: sets before Christians, namely, to go forth everywhere, preaching the good "Simeon hath declared how God at the tidings to every creature, in order first did visit the Gentiles to take out of that the Church may be made comthem a people for his name; and to this plete and that the King and the Kingagree the words of the prophets; as it dom may come. is written, After this I will return and will build again the tabernacle of David, The Effect of Scriptural Motives which is fallen down; and I will build again the ruins thereof, and I will set These three divine motives, the it up; that the residue of men might command, the compassion and the seek after the Lord, and all the Gentiles, Coming of Christ, are worthy of upon whom my name is called, saith the being accepted by the noblest and Lord, who doeth all these things." most devoted of men; first, because they represent spiritual and eternal Here, then, is a divine utterance truths; and second, because they and program which set forth the make for the highest glory of God following facts in the following or- and the greatest good of mankind. der: First, a present work of grace No other motives are so uplifting in which God visits and gathers out, and purifying to the person who is preeminently from the Gentiles, a moved by them, and no other motives people for His name; second, the are so sure of divine favor and blessreturn of Christ; third, the restora- ing in their exercise. There is enough tion and establishment of the Jewish power in these motives, singly and theocratic kingdom with its attendant collectively, to raise the missionary worship; and fourth, the salvation in propaganda above everything earthly, the Kingdom-age of the "residue" of selfish and narrow, and to place it, the Jews, and of "all" the Gentiles where it ever belongs, upon the upon whom God's name shall be plane of the heavenly, the spiritual called. And this program, in its first

and the infinite: Moreover there is ese in Toronto. There seemed nothenough potency here to turn the "for- ing to hinder her proceeding to China. lorn hope" of present-day foreign But as we talked, my growing conmissions, in which a Gideon's band fidence was suddenly arrested when of men and women are bravely fight- Miss Stayner unexpectedly declared ing on against overwhelming odds, that there was one difficulty in her into an ever-victorious army of the way which was insurmountable. Church, where the battle will not only be fought but will .also be won, and "I have to confess," she said, "that where the end of saving the elect, and I do not love the Chinese. They are thus of bringing back the King and so ignorant and dirty!" bringing in the Kingdom, will be surely and speedily brought to pass. This was a real obstacle, especially For what foes on earth, or what as she had been working among the demons in hell, could stay the on- Chinese. But in spite of it I replied: ward progress of a people which had determined, in the power of the Holy "Do you know, Miss Stayner, I do Spirit, to obey Christ's command, to not think that the question whether or show forth His F compassion, and to not you love the Chinese is the one press forward with uplifted faces to to be considered; it seems to me that the rapturous and victorious meeting the real question is whether or not with Him who one day will descend you love the Lord." with a shout, with the voice of the archangel, and with the trump of At this, her eyes kindled, and she God? Such motives as these are not exclaimed: "Oh, yes, I do love Him!" simply constraining; they are invincible and triumphant. "Then," I said, "if you love Him, how can you do anything else but An Illustration obey His command, and go?"

Some years ago, a young woman She looked at me earnestly, and of Toronto-a Miss Stayner–came to said: "Do you think, then, that I confer with me about the possibility may dare to go?" of her serving in China. She had heen born and bred a gentlewoman; "Under the circumstances," I re- plied, "I do not see how you may and had had im exceptionally good dare to stay."

education both in Canada and A few days later Miss Stayner Europe; she was an heiress'; and, applied to the Mission; and a few being an orphan, she was free to months later, shortly after her accome and go as she might choose. ceptance for service, she went on her As our conversation advanced I per- way to the field. ceived that she was a young woman of great devotion, having turned her Miss Stayner was not, however, back upon all social allurements and to have the easy time in China which havin~ committed herself to. an many missionaries experience there. earnest and self-sacr~ficing service for At first she was located at the inviting Christ, including work for the Chin- station of Wenchow, where she en- tered into an old, well-developed, and very promising work. She made re- markable progress with the language and she gained the confidence and love of the people. But one night, when she was staying with her Bible-

woman at an out-station, she was "Oh," she answered, "I had forsuddenly aroused from her sleep by gotten that I ever said that; but that lights and voices, and discovered that was before I knew the Chinese; I robbers had forced their way into her love them all now!" room and were stealing whatever they could lay their hands upon. Miss A few years later Miss Stayner Stayner protested, whereupon one of became affiicted with a climatic disthe robbers struck her with a bamboo ease, which is terrible in its process pole. Later, she and the Bible-woman and effect, and it soon became evident escaped from the back of the house, that she must leave the country. She and, clad as they were and in the cold went to a certain "Spa" in Germany, of the winter night, they fled over the where happily she got better, and at hills to a clump of trees and bushes last was able to go back to her muchwhere they hid themselves from view. loved work. Later, her old trouble There they remained for a long time, returned and for a considerable time chilled and horror-stricken, until the she fought against it and would not robbers had sacked their house and give up. But at last it was a question departed. They were found by some of life and death, and she reluctantly of the villagers and were brought took her way back, first to Germany back to their almost ruined home. and then to England. Here, her Miss Stayner was seriously affected, strength gradually failed, and, finally, and it became necessary that she she finished her earthly course by should visit Shanghai for quiet and falling asleep in Christ. It was my rest. Just at that time I visited that privilege to see our friend during place, and, one evening, I asked her this last visit. She was, in spite of about her work and her recent ex- her youth, a physical wreck, her hair perience. After the tale had been being gray, her face being thin, and told, I said: her strength and vigor having de- parted. But she had not one word "Miss Stayner, may I ask you a of regret to express at having gone question ?" to China and was full of grateful praise to God that such a privilege "Yes," she replied, "what is it?" had been hers. And she confest that "It is this," I answered; "do you the one thing which had led her on love the Chinese?" and which gave her ever ample com- I shall never forget the look of pensation for all that she had suffered astonishment which she gave me. was the knowledge that she was doing "Why," she said, "what do you mean? what she could to take the Gospel to Of course, I love the Chinese!" the heathen and thus to hasten the "I was just wondering," I replied, return of her beloved Lord. "if, having gone through such an experience at their hands, you were An Interpretation sorry you had come to China, and if, possibly, you now almost hated the Miss Stayner's life shows beyond Chinese." misunderstanding what is the effect of This remark perplexed her more true scriptural motives upon an open than my first. But I reminded her of mind and heart. Here was a woman our conversation in Toronto. who had everything, naturally speak-

A PROSPEROUS SCHOOL IN BURMA

ing, to keep her at home, but who much to say that if Christians should· deliberately chose to go abroad. Here follow Christ as she followed Him was one who had faced the question it would not be long before there of her responsibility tow a r d the would be produced a veritable revolu~ heathen, not emotionally, but calmly, tion in missionary methods and reand who finally had gone forth for sults. Then, indeed, we might hope no other reason than that her Master to see the work of missions turned had commanded her to do so. Here into an apostolic triumph, where the was one who at first had little love old figure of speech, "terrible as an for the heathen, but whose heart, in army with banners," would but feebly the path of obedience, became filled express what God would make His with compassion for them. And here, Church on earth to be. For it is finally, was one who had remained manifest that our Father in Heaven stedfast and even praiseful through has large thoughts toward the heaall her suffering and sorrow because then and that He is ready to use His she had learned to serve with her· saints in their fulfilment whenever eyes on Him who is the Coming One. they will allow Him to do so. It is . Thus the interpretation becomes an to be remembered, however, that this inspiration. Miss Stayner's life and last can only come to pass in the service are a constraining call to all measure in which the followers of who know and love the Lord, to Christ are possest and controlled be wholly obedient to God and to by those motives which are truly and commit all to Him. It is not too wholly divine.

A Prosperous School in Burma BY MISS LILLY R. GRACEY IiA]T the foot of Kipling's lives are greatly influenced by the Old Moulmein Pagoda, education received there. .A new looking eastward to building was recently added to the the Sea, there rises a old one, the need for which had beautiful pile of white prest more and more as the years bricks built into a went by; even "three in a bed" could form very unlike the pagoda above it. not squeeze in all who wanted to It is the Morton Lane Girls' School, come.

a name quite as familiar in Burma as Burma is surprizingly modern and "Wellesley," or "Vassar" in America. wideawake to the opportunities of For nearly half a century, about present-day life. Consequently the three hundred Burmese girls have missionaries have found it necessary been, attending this school each year. to provide for the intellectual· as They are of varying ages, and their . well as the spiritual welfare of its

large Christian· constituency and to begins to 'form' on Saturday, when make it possible for non-Christian in a part of the compound, wee tots boys and girls to come under Chris- sit patiently while a barber shaves tian influences in the formative the hair from the southern hemi- period of their lives. The number sphere of their heads, and the juniors of mission schools has therefore in- work patiently on the part or creased and ·well-trained teachers and 'equator' line of theirs, lest one hair superintendents from the homeland due to run north should by chance are training the rising generation. be falling south. That part must be The Morton Lane School in Moul- just right .or no self-respecting Bur- mein has an interesting setting, for mese girl would think of taking it the city with its 65,000 inhabitants is to church with her next day.

ranked among the most beautiful "When the six o'clock bell rings cities in the East, and it is situated Sunday morning the girls get up, at the j unction of three rivers, the put dormitories in order, and at seven Salween, the Attaran, and the Gyne. o'clock go to morning prayer and Pagodas make it picturesque. Over the study of the Sunday-school the hills of Moulmein Judson used lessons. After: that comes br.eakfast.

to walk. The pulpit in the church Then comes dressing for church and in the city, from which he used to Sunday-school, and forming of the preach, is held very sacred by the line with the little ones in front and Burmans, and still livin·g in Moul- the older ones at the rear, and in- mein are three women baptized by spection by teachers. When all is the immortal Judson. ready the long line moves down the Every Sunday the girls of this road. How picturesque it looks!

school march to church, and so This line grows longer every year long is the procession that it is one and this means more gms under of the sights of the city. Of this Christian influences and more lives Sunday "line-up" of girls, Miss consecrated to Christ and His ser- Hughes gives a vivid picture. "It vice."

MORTON LANE BURMESE GIRLS' SCHOOL, MOULMEIN, BURMA

1915J A PROSPEROUS SCHOOL IN BURMA

A SUNDAY MORNING PROCESSION OF BURMESE GIRLS OF THE MORTON LANE SCHOOL, GOING TO CHURCH

Against

In Rangoon, Burma ANGOON is a by-word The plea for abolition is regarded by the timid local press as a wild piece .· for gross and shameless of fanaticism-whereas it is backed by immoralit~, says the the example of many cities which have tried segregation; street preaching in R Young Men of India. the "segregated area" is regarded as "bad taste" and futile whereas it is the ~ So callous has public only sound method of attacking the – . opinion become that evil, and the Bishop and nearly all the clergy have joined in it. The Christians some 500 prostitutes are allowed, under are soundly abused for letting "black men preach to white women," whereas "police control" (which usually means these poor women are daily insulted by any man who cares to do so! "controlling the police") J to carryon Yet there is much encouragement, their odious trade within half a mile says Mr. K. J. Saunders; of schools and colleges, where 8,000 (I) We have demonstrated that the school-boys and hundreds of school- present system, so far from minimizing the evil, is spreading it all over the city; girls are being educated; the "segre- there is hardly a street in the business part of the town without its brothel. gated area:' of Rangoon is intersected by (2) We have been granted an interthe streets through which these children view with the Lieut.-Governor, who showed us all sympathy and courtesy. pass to and from school; the women (3) Some leading doctors agree with strut half-naked through the streets, our claims and methods, and three have spoken at several large meetings of Europeans, natives of Asia Minor, the Y. M. C. A.

Chinese, Japanese, Burmese, Indian; (4) The men of our Indian Branch and some from the Central Branch many of them solicit men quite un- have done splendid work.

checked; some go out in rickshaws; (5) The 'Boy Scouts' of our Central Branch have sold and distributed our all expose themselves without restraint. pamphlets and posters.

Can such be the method by which a (6) Several girls have been sent to hospital; two rescued from a life of British Government seeks to "control" slavery; and a Rescue Home has been opened. vice? Segregation never segregates (7) People are getting angry; This vice; in Rangoon the name is a farce; is what we want.

loose women have entered mlSS101l (8) We are being tried on a charge of trespass and intimidation; but this schools, vile pictures are sold at the only gives more publicity to the scandal.

gates of Christian colleges, very few protests are heard.

At last a Vigilance Campaign has been organized. Mr. John Cowen, known in Colombo and elsewhere as a fearless champion of purity, was in- vited to come and make a study of Rangoon and lead in putting an end to the segregated system.

Mr. Cowen pointed out that prayer and publicity are the simplest and quickest methods: God is waiting for our cooperation, and pUblicity drives out evil as the sunlight drives out the germs of disease.

IN TIPS AND IN TITHES

(9) Meetings are being held in pri- consult ( a) the Bible, ( b) the Ceylon vate houses. Police; these are in closer agreement than they have ever been before. (10) Burmese tracts for schools and colleges are being printed. 6. To "segregate" prostitution in the center of the schools of a great city (II) The Burmese people as a whole is racial suicide; 8,000 school-boys are support us. being educated within half a mile of the "segregation area"; (12) Not one of our statements, circulated broadcast, has been challenged. 7. The parent who sides with the enemy of his children is a monster; (13) The name of Christ has been steadily held up and honored. 8. The schoolmaster who tolerates the present state of this city is unworthy The following is one of several state- of his trust; ments which the committee is circulating: 9. The doctor who says that vice is necessary to health ought to retire or SOME HARD FACTS FOR RANGOON to go back to college; (Guiding Principles of tlu present Purity 10. The citizen of Rangoon who re- Campaign) fuses to take sides is on the side of the devil; I. The policy of segregation is contrary to the principles of British Law; II. The "preachers" are content to be called fools and fanatics for they 2. Prostitution is contrary to the Law are sure of victory. of God, upon which British Law is based; 12. The police are playing up splen- didly and are on the side of righteous- 3· The quickest way to cleanse the ness; city is to preach Christ; 13. The segregation policy of this city 4· This is the only way that is per- is doomed. manently satisfactory; 5· If any man is skeptical let him I· Giving 10 Tips and 10 Tithes IMIR. GEORGE INNES of custom and good nature, and not a says there was a time legal or moral obligation. in his life when he gave for missions as he Mr. Innes gave regularly to support gave to the porter on the local church of which he was a the sleeper or as he member, and in doing so felt that he gave to the waiter at the hotel. He discharged his obligation to the Lord. confesses that he was guilty of tipping But he was willing to go farther, and the Lord. On a sleeper or in a first- he gave a trifle extra to extend the class hotel it is not respectable to fail boundaries of the Redeemer's King- to give a gratuity to the porter or to dom. In doing what many other the waiter in recognition of the service members of the church did there was rendered. The berth and the meal are no sense of obligation, no recognition paid for in full; the tip is a matter of stewardship. Rather than be con- sidered selfish and penurious he gave • From The Missionary Intellizetlcer.

the Lord a coin or a bill in precisely who are able to work at their own the same spirit as he gave a quarter charges and not only support them- or half a dollar to the boy that cleaned selves but support whole stations.

his shoes in the sleeper or supplied his Why should they not do it?

needs at the table. It is not clear to all that the law In the Mosaic economy the people of the tithe has been transferred from were required to give a tithe of all the Mosaic dispensation to the Chris,~ their income from every source. The tian. Some say that there are those Law plainly and pOSitively said, "The who can not afford to give as much tithe is the Lord's." If the tithe was as a tenth of their incomes for the withheld, the people were charged with Lord's work. The testimony of those robbing God, and they were punished who have put God to the proof is that for their sin. The Prophet Malachi nine-tenths with His blessing will go accused the people of his day of rob- farther than ten-tenths' without His bing God, and called upon them to blessing. Does it not appear probable bring the whole tithe into the store- that if the Jew could give a tenth of gouse, and he assured them that, if his income, and if the pagan could and they would do this, the Lord would can give a tenth, the Christian can open the windows of heaven and pour give as large a proportion? Does a out such a blessing upon them that Christian wish to give less than a Jew?

there would not be room enough to If all Christians were to give a tenth, receive it. After the tithes came the there would be money enough in the "free-will offerings." Lord's treasury for local church ex- Since his financial and missionary penses, for missions of every kind, for conversion Mr. Innes has devoted benevolence, and for education. Treas- himself exclusively to the Lord's work. uries would be overflowing. The tithe He has opened an office and furnished is the least that we should give, for it, and supports a staff of workers. many could well afford to live on a Now he is a steward; what he has he tithe and give the remainder.

holds in trust for the Lord. The day Is it not high time that we were of "tipping" is over. substituting the tithe for the tip? Is . Mr. Innes is not the only one who it not high time that we were giving has been tipping the Lord. As long as as the Lord has prospered us? Can we the average offering of the Christian say that we honor the Lord with our people of America for Foreign Mis- substance, when we hand him a tip?

sions does not exceed one cent a week, He is not a pauper asking alms; he is it is plain that the number of "tippers" a preferred creditor, and his claims is very large. There are men and should be satisfied first and to the full.

women whom the Lord has prospered Tip or tithe-which shall it be?

GIVING AND LIVING Forever the sun is pouring its gold He is dead whose hand i3 not open wide On a hundred worlds that beg and bor- row; To help the need of a human brother; His warmth he squanders on summits He doubles the length of his lifelong ride cold, Who of his fortunes gives to another; His wealth on the homes of want and sorrow. And a thousand million lives are his To give Is to live. Who carries the world in his sympathies.

To deny Is to die. – S elected.

~ I"'~t.>/ DEPADTMENT ~- i I"

OF '–. ,………-.'……….~.,.-./.; BEST METHODS 'CONDUCTED BY BELLE M. BRAIN, COLLEGE HILL, SCHENECTADY, NEW YORK SOME PRACTICAL PLANS FOR THE YEAR HE best possible New and they were raised up. We asked for money and it came, often from most fJT Year's resolution any unexpected sources. We pleaded that missionary leader can some of our number might go to the make is a resolution to field, and five volunteered. We asked depend more upon prayer and the deepen- for help in making our programs and ing of spiritual life as methods in mis- received wisdom to devise the plans sionary work. afterward outlined in "Fuel for Mis- "The problems are just the same old sionary Fires," and now in use all over problems of how to make zealous our the world. We prayed that the young present members and how to interest people might be faithful in taking their 'the other half,''' says the secretary of parts, and tho 700 assignments were made a Woman's Board in her annual report. in· five years less than a dozen failed in '''Oh, for a Moses to lead us out of any way.

the wilderness of dead-level and in- Such blessings await you, 0 mission- difference!" ary leader, wherever you work, if only The Leader is ready, the Lord Jesus you will meet the conditions!

Himself, and the weapon he offers is prayer. But we make small use of it Unto Him that is able to do and depend on our poor human in- All that we ask ventions instead. All that we ask or think Any society whose leaders are willing Above all that we ask or think to pay the price-the price of earnest Abundantly above all that we ask or prayer-may have a measure of success "exceedingly abundantly above all that think, they ask or think." The Best Methods According to the power that worketh in us, Unto Him be glory.

-Ephesians 3: 20.

Editor has had abundant proof of this.

Years ago, in her old home church Keeping in Touch with Great World (the First Presbyterian, Springfield, Movements Ohio), she was president of a Young Keeping in touch with the great world People's missionary society that was movements of the missionary enterprise able to accomplish a great work through is an important thing for any church.

the prayers of a little inner circle of How best to do it is a question that intercessors that were ever ready to has often puzzled missionary workers.

meet at her call. The sources of information are many, Everything was taken to the Lord in In these days the daily paper may, per- prayer and practically everything prayed haps, be 'placed first. Then there are for was given. We asked for members the religious weeklies and the monthly and got them, We prayed for leaders missionary magazines. THE MISSIONARY

In 1914 How MANY 5 MISSIONARY MEETINGS f DID You ATTEND?

( CONCERTS AND LECTURES { How MANY MISSIONARY BOOKS } DID You READ? NOVELS How MUCH MONEY DID You GIVE FOR MISSIONS?

SPEND ON YO,URSELF?

How MUCH TIME DID You DEVOTE TO PRAYER FOR { MISSIONS? YOURSELF?

In 1915 WHAT SHALL YOUR RECORD BE?

REVIEW OF THE WORLD covers the whole suffice to keep the whole church in field fully with up-to-date news and touch with the whole world. inspiring articles, and once a month the Sunday School Times prints "From the At the present time, when events of Missionary Watch Tower," a page of the utmost importance to the kingdom news gathered by Doctor Harlan P. of God follow one another with such Beach, who is in communication with lightning rapidity, this ,is a matter of hundreds of missionaries all over the special importance. "Let the daily world. papers supply your topicS' and subjects for intercession," said Mr. Benjamin In many societies "Current Events" Starr of Homer, N. Y., at a recent con-' form part of the program. One society ference in Schenectady, "If there is wrote the items of news on slips of news of a battle or other disturbance paper and inclosed them in envelopes where your missionaries are at work, decorated in imitation of a mail-bag; bring this into your weekly prayerothers have used messenger boys de- meeting and turn it into a special meetlivering information in the familiar ing for prayer for that mission. Almost yellow envelopes ·of the telegraph co;~­ every paper has something that could panies. The Presbyterian Church of be so used."

Camden, N. J., makes use of "Minute Such news items give point to the prayers and make them real and vital. Men," a group of persons appointed to In a little pamphlet describing the represent different fields for a year, and Monthly Concert of Prayer in his give one-minute reports of them at the church before he became a secretary of monthly missionary prayer-meetings.* the Presbyterian Board, Doctor A. W. Halsey shows how the two can be Bulletin boards in the church vesti- woven together. bule and the calendars distributed in the pews can also be utilized for this pur- "If any missionaries or mission stapose. But, after all, in this as in so tions are in special need," he says, "a much els'e, the pastor is the key-man. prayer is offered for them, for the Even very brief mention of important native workers and the native Chrisevents in the Sunday sermons, the tians. If there has been any special prayer-meeting talks and the opening ingathering in any field, this is spoken exercises of the Sunday-school would of by the pastor for a moment and a prayer is offered that the new converts *For a detailed account of this —'plan, see "'What may stand firm. If a missionary or a b'MY. itnhueteReMv.enS'amDuidel for a Church Prayer-Meeting," D. Price, in the Sunday·School Times, January 10, 1914.

OF BEST ME'rHODS

secretary is ill, the fact is noted and Sunday-school and the mission bands. prayer offered for him. The sailing of The pastor should always be a member of missionaries, the publication of the the committee e% officio, but it is usually Bible in a new language, a deficiency in considered best to have a layman at its the receipts of the Board, the gift of a head. large sum to the work, and a hundred and one items appearing in magazines, The duties of the committee are to papers or books', or received directly formulate a miss'ionary policy for the from some one on the field-all these church as a whole, to coordinate the are mentioned and made the subject of activities of all the variouS' organizations, earnest, intelligent, brief petitions which and to foster the work in every way serve to intensify our interest in the possible. An excellent manual of sug- work and give a distinct character to gestions indorsed by all the Home and our meeting." Foreign Boanl.s of this country and Canada, entitled "The Church Mission- At some meeting early in the New ary Committee" may be obtained at five Year it is a good plan to give a resume cents a copy from any of the mission of the missionary events of the year boards or from the Missionary Education previous. Abundant material for this Movement, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York, is always to be found in the January N. Y. number of THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD, and it never fails to arouse A Simple Church Program interest. The following program recently drawn up and adopted by the Sessi.on of Bed- . The Church Mis.ionary Committee ford Presbyterian Church, Brooklyn, A church that wishes to be really N. Y., has many good features, and will efficient in missionary work should have prove helpful to other churches not as a permanent missionary committee for yet thoroughly organized for missions: the general supervision of aU its missionary activities. "Without an active I.-A Church Missionary Committee missionary committee 'in each chuJ"ch One member each from Session, Bible there is little chance of any steady School, Men's Forum, Woman's Missiongrowth in missionary interest," says' ary Society, Young People's Society-mem- bers to be selected by Session in consulta- Doctor A. V. V. Raymond, chairman of tion with pastor and officers of organiza- ,the Consolidated Missionary Committee tions-Committee to meet in October and of the Presbytery of Buffalo, which is April, to plan general missionary program endeavoring to secure, for the benevolent of church and organizations, and to report boards of the Church, a more systematic to Session in November and May. and generous support on the part of its constituency. "A part of our work for II.-Missionary Meetings and Addresses the coming year therefore, is the organ- 1. Two Sunday morning sermons (not ization of these local committees counting July and August)-one by pastor, wherever possible." one by best outside speaker obtainable. 2. Two or more Sunday evening meet- Such a committee should be appointed ings-one, as at present, to be addrest by or elected at the beginning of the church outgoing missionaries (in June). year, at the same time as other church 3. Wednesday evening meetings-at least officials, and should consist of represen- one every two months, arranged with refertatives of aU the various organizations ence to Sunday morning and evening presof the church-the official boards, the entations, with outside missionary speaker brotherhoods, the women's and young whenever possible. To relieve pastor the~e women's societies, the young people's might be in charge of Missionary Comorganizations, senior and junior, the mittee.

III.-Literature and Calendar Notes 1. A representative in each organization to help distribute leaflet literature and to secure SUbscriptions for periodicals-"The Bulletin," "All the World," "Assembly Herald," "Woman's Work," "Home Mission

Monthly," "Over Sea and Land," "Every ary enterprise. The Best Methods Editor Land," "Missionary Review of the World." was happy to place at his disposal her . 2. A special missionary secretary for missionary library and was interested to church calendar, to supply missionary note that he asked first for historical letters and news notes once a month (one- works covering the whole range of mishalf third page and back page occasionally) sionary achievement, such as Leonard's also to suggest books for reading and "Hundred Years of Missions'." These subjects for prayer and thanksgiving. mastered he took up missionary bio- graphy and the fascinating stories of mis- IV.-Correspondence with Missionaries sions. At the same time he read THE 1. Special correspondents selected to send MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD from church calendars regularly to our mission- cover to cover, that he might be in touch aries, to correspond with them, arrange for with present-day needs and achievements. Christmas, and other gifts, and to note needs on calendar. Where did he get the time? He was 2. Letters or extracts from missionaries' a very busy man occupying a respon.sible letters, be read from pUlpit occasionally by position in a large construction ·company. pastor. But his home was five miles from hi5 office and he was obliged to spend more V.-Maps and Pictures than half an hour in the cars both going Showing missionary fields of the church and coming. For more than a year he are to be hung in chapel or elsewhere. put this time into missionary study with the result that he is now one of the best- VI.-Mission Study Classes informed men on miss"ions in the country One or more should be organized to fol- -a leader in missionary work in his low some of the excellent text-books avail- city and church and in the college in able. which he is now an assistant professor of civil engineering. Vll.-Great Missionary Movements . That we keep in touch with the denomi- At the present time the Best Methods national and inter-denominational mission- Editor is having the privilege of placing ary movements of men, women and young her library at the disposal of another people. office-bearer-this time a young woman, secretary of her missionary society-who VIlI.-Proportionate Missionary Giving desires to be thoroughly informed about 1. That this subj ect be presented on Sun- mISSIOns. She, too, is beginning with day morning at least once a year (October Leonard's "Hundred Years of Missions." preferred) . Next she wiIl take up McConaughy'S 2. That a systematic method be adopted "World Work of the Presbyterian for securing pledges from all members of Church," to give her an intelligent idea the church and arranging for special offer- of what her own church has done and ings to various benevolence objects. is doing. Then she will take up mission- ary biography and stories of missions. Educating Church Officers Like the young engineeer, her time is much occupied, but by keeping the books The office-bearers of the church-the on the living-room table and picking them up whenever she has a spare minute, men chosen to be the leaders in spiritual she is making good progress.

things-should not only be interested in The value of inteIligent office-bearers such as these is greater than can be estimissions but should know something mated, not only to the local church but to the whole missionary enterprise. about the past history and the present needs of the great world work committed to the Church by her Lord. Yet the average church officer knows little or nothing about it.

There are, of course, exceptions to this. While residing in Detroit the Best Methods Editor had the pleasure of see- ing a young civil engineer who knew that he would 50on be elected to the eldership in. the Presbyterian Church of which he was a member, deliberately fit himself for the office by a thorough and reverent study not only of the doctrines of the church but of the whole mission-

OF BEST METHODS

Miuionary Anniyerearies in 1915 26, 1890.-Samue1 N. Lapsley sailed for Africa to found the Congo Mission of the Observing missionary anniversaries is Southern Presbyterian Church. 25th annione of the best ways of arousing interest versary. See "Daybreak in the Dark Conand conserving the influence of import- tinent," by Naylor. ant persons and events. An entire program can with profit be devoted to the MAltcH more important ones, and thoS'e less im- 13, 1815.-Birth of James C. Hepburn. portant can be commemorated by some- IOOth anniversary. See "Life of Hepburn," thing in the way of a story, motto, hymn, by Griffis. Scripture lesson or prayer. "Five Mis- 29, 1840.-Birth of Isabella Thoburn. 75th sionary Minutes" devoted to this by the anniversary. See "Life of Isabella Thopastor at regular Sunday or mid-week burn," by James M. Thoburn. services, the superintendent in the Sun- 29, 1855.-Bishop Patteson Eailed for the day-school, the missionary committee in South Seas. 60th anniversary. See "Life the Young People's Society, or the of Bishop Patteson," by Page. president of the Woman'S' Society, afford 31, 1820.-First missionaries arrived at opportunities for arousing missionary Hawaii. 95th anniversary. See "Transfor- mation of Hawaii," by Brain.

interest not to be despised. APRIL In the. following list of anniversaries 1, 1815.-Birth of William C. Burns. 100th occurring during 1915, an unusual num- anniversary. See "Encyclopedia of Mis- ber have to do with events in the lives sions." of native Christians. An interesting and 10, 1875.-John Kenneth Mackenzie sailed profitable series' of talks running through the year might be built up around these. for China. 40th anniversary. See "Life of Mackenzie," by Bryson. JANUARY 13, 1855.-Death of Doctor John Scudder. 13, 1835.-Birth of Jacob Chamberlain. 60th anniversary. See "Men of Might in BOth anniversary. See THE MISSIONARY RE- India's Missions," Holcomb. VIEW, August, 1908. 14, 1885.-Baptism of Boyinto, the first Mongolian convert. 30th anniversary. See MAY "Gilmour of Mongolia," by Lovett. 23, 1890.-Death of Joseph Hardy Neesi- 11, 1835.-Asahel Grant began work in rna. 25th anniversary. See "A Maker of Persia. 80th anniversary. See "Encyclo- New Japan," by Davis. pedia of Missions." 30, 1885.-First martyrdom of converts in Uganda. 30th anniversary. See "Mackay 20, 1690.-Death of John Eliot. 225th anof Uganda," by his sister. niversary. See "Heroes of the Mission Field," by Walsh. FEBRUARY 21, 1875.-First missionaries sailed for Livingstonia. 40th anniversary. See "Day- break in Livingstonia," by Jack.

29, 1815.-Founding of the Basel Mission- ary Society. looth anniversary. See "En- cyclopedia of Missions."

5, 1885.-Sailing of the Cambridge Seven. JUNE 30th anniversary. See "The Story of the China Inland Mission," by Guinness. 4, 1865.-Birth of George L. Pilkington. 50th anniversary. See "Pilkington of 8, 1890.-Death of Alexander Mackay. Uganda," by Harford-Battersley. 25th anniversary. See "Mackay of Uganda," by his sister. 15, 1870.-Close of Hawaii Mission of the American Board. 45th anniversary. See 13, 1830.-Alexander Duff shipwrecked off "Transformation of Hawaii," by Brain. the Cape of Good Hope. 85th anniversary. 25, 1865.-Founding of the China Inland 26. ·1835.-First anti-Christian edicts in Mission. Jubilee year. Madagascar. 80th anniversary. See THE MISSIONARY REVIEW, March, 1909. 30, 1315.-Martyrdom of Raymond Lull.

600th anniversary. See "The Life of Ray- mond Lull," by Zwemer.

JULY 29, .1875.-0pening of the Doshisha. 40th anniversary. See "History of Missions in 9, 1840.-Martyrdom of nine Malagasy Japan," by Cary. Christians. 75th anniversary. See THE MISSIONARY REVIEW, March, 1909. DECEMBER 13, 1830.-Founding of Duff's College, 8, 1840.-Livingstone sailed for Africa. Calcutta. 85th anniversary. See "Men of 75th anniversary. See any life of Living- Might in India's Missions," by Holcomb. stone.

23, 1815.-Baptism of Africaner. 100th 11, 1825.-Baptisrn of Bishop Crowther. anniversary. See THE MISSIONARY REVIEW, 90th anniversary. See "Life of Crowther," July, 1912. by Page.

AUGUST 21, 1795.-Birth of Robert Moffat. 120th anniversary. See "Lives of Robert and 2, 1785.-Death of George Schmidt. 130th Mary Moffat," by John S. Moffat.

anniversary. See "Moravian Missions," by 25, 1905.-Founding of the National Mis- sionary Society of India. 10th anniversary. Thompson. . See "The Christian Conquest of India," by Thoburn. 20, 1835.-Founding of the Domestic and 25, 1885.-Baptisn:I of the first Ainu con- Foreign Missionary Society of the Protes- vert. 30th anniversary. See "History of Missions in Japan," by Cary. tant Episcopal Church, 80th anniversary. Honoring a Missionary'. Birthday See "Encyclopedia of Missions." The annual birthday gathering held in SEPTEMBER honor of Doctor Swain, the first woman 7, 1850.-Allen Gardiner sailed on his last to go as a medical missionary, by the voyage to South America. 65th anniver- Doctor Clara A. Swain Missionary sary. See "Modern Heroes of the Mission Society of the Methodist Episcopal Field," by Walsh. Church, Castile, N. Y., affords a good 9, 1840.-Death of Ko-thah-byu. 75th an- illustration of the pleasure and profit niversary. See THE MISSIONARY REVIEW, that may be derived from the keeping May, 1910. of a missionary anniversary. 21, 1795.-Founding of the London Missionary Society. 120th anniversary. See Dodor Swain was born at Elmira, "Encyclopedia of Missions." New York, but she removed to Castile with her parents at such an early age OCTOBER that the pretty little village has always 7, 1885.-Keith-Falconer sailed for Aden. claimed her as its own. It has always 30th anniyersary. See "Servants of the delighted to do her honor, and shortly King," by Speer. after the Rev. H.. Clay Milliman became 12, 1835.-First missionaries landed in the pastor of the church with which she Fiji. 80th anniversary. See "Fiji and the was so long connected, this annual birth- Fijians," by Calvert. day party was inaugurated. 12, 1875.-Launching of the !lala, first steamer on an African lake. 40th anniver- "We have held it for the past four sary. See "Stewart of Lovedale," by summers-ever since we came to this Lovett. little town," says Mrs. Milliman, wife 28, 1905.–Martyrdom of Eleanor Chest- of the pastor and president of the misnut. 10th anniversary. See "Servants of sionary society, in response to the the King," by Speer. request of the Best Methods Editor for 29, 1885.-Martyrdom of Hannington. information. "How did we come to 40th anniversary. See "Bishop Hanning- start it? Just because I have a fondness ton," by Berry. for anniversaries and because I felt that we could not do too much to honor the NOVEMBER 4, 1835.-0pening of the first hospital in China by Peter Parker. 80th anniversary. See "Uplift of China," by Smith. 15, 1875.~Stanley's appeal for missionaries for Uganda published in the London Daily Telegraph. 40th anniversary. See "Uganda's White Man of Work," by Fahs.

memory of such an illustrious mission- letters read from absent friends of ary pioneer as Doctor Swain." Doctor Swain and make music an im- portant feature." The celebration is held on July 18 ea,ch year (Doctor Swain was born July 18, Last autumn the anniversary of an- 1834) on the lawn of the beautiful resi- other event in Doctor Swain's career dence she built in 1898 when failing was also observed, tho in an entirely health compelled her to give up her work different manner. This was November in India, and which is now occupied by 3, 1914, the forty-fifth anniversary of her her relative, Mrs. Fred Horning. The sailing to India in company with Isabella hours are from two to six in the after- Thoburn. In commemoration of this noon, and after the program a dainty event, Mrs. Milliman gave on the Sunlunch is served outdoors beneath the day evening following (November 8) in trees. By means of a notice read from her husband's church, a stereopticon the pUlpit and inserted in the village talk on "The First Woman Physician in paper, all friends of Doctor Swain are the Orient," with nearly one hundred invited to be present. Last summer pictures.

nearly one hundred were in attendance, Enlisting an Entire Church and the occasion was most enjoyable. A very remarkable campaign conducted "We vary OUr program as much as by the First Baptist Church, Bridgeton, possible each year," says Mrs. Milliman. N. J., in connection with the Judson "We are fortunate in having an excel- Centennial last year, shows what can be lent sanitarium in our little town which accomplished when an entire church is attracts many missionaries home on enlisted for missions and how mission- furlough. When available we call on ary anniversaries can be used to stimu- some one of these for an address. We late missionary interest and activity. In have had Miss Mary Means, who went response to our request, the pastor, the with Doctor Swain when she returned Rev. D. E. Lewis, has sent us the fol- to India for the jubilee; Ida Grace Loper lowing details: of India; Emily H. Hartwell of China; At a business meeting held early in Esther Baird of India; and Mrs. Char- January, 19I4, the church voted to con- lotte Haskins, also from India, a life- duct such a campaign and appropriate long friend of Doctor Swain." $25 to the expenses. This was used for "We always invite the clergy of sister postage, lantern slides, pig banks, tracts, churches and the presidents of foreign books and other literature put out by the missionary societies in our town to give Baptists for the J tidson celebration. The words of greeting, and sometimes have pig banks were for the offering, one reminiscences from town's people who being given to each family connected knew Doctor Swain when a little girl. with the church. In all 225 were dis- One year when we were studying tributed and each was marked as follows: 'China's New Day' Doctor Isaac Taylor "To be fattened for the Judson offering Headland, whom I met at Chautauqua, and slaughtered at a great meeting of wrote, at my request, a lovely letter of the First Church, April 10."

greeting to the society to be read at the The campaign began on Sunday, Jan-, birthday gathering. Doctor Swain uary I8, and continued until May Jbrought from India 'many interesting almost fifteen weeks. Every organi~a­ costumes which she gave to Doctor tion connected with the church, including Mary Greene of the Sanitarium. We the mission school at South Chapel, was have sometimes harrowed these, dressing enlisted, and letters inviting cooperation our young people in them for missionary were sent not only to the 340 resident, dialogs and exercises. We also have members but to the roo non-residents

also. Throughout the campaign Doctor Books Corson, formerly a missionary at Moul- mein, Burma, now a deacon in this 311 resident members ……………. 533 church, gave very great assistance. The 31 non-residents ……………….. 40 program as carried out, included the 10 Crozier students …………….. 11 following features: 15 Colgate students …………….. 15 5 Missionaries at Ramapatnam ….. 15 Public Missionary Services.-There 10 Christian converts at Ramapatnam 30 were five missionary sermons, six mis- 7 Christian converts at Moulmein " 7 sionary prayer-meetings and three stereopticon lectures during the cam- 389 persons ……………………..651 paign. Three of the sermons were preached by the pastor, one by Doctor Adding to this the 120 books used by John M. Moore, secretary of the Baptist Department of Missionary Education, the u6 members of the study class gives and one by Mr. John S. Ware, Assistant State Treasurer. Three of the mid-week the amazing total of 771 missionary meetings were conducted by the study classes and three were "specials." At books read and studied through the one of the latter Miss Anna Prince of Moulmein was present; at another the efforts of one church in fifteen weeks! Rev. Thomas C. Hanna, of Pottsville, Pa., a grandson of Judson; at the third, The Woman's Missionary Circle accomthe memorial offering was taken. plished the remarkable feat of getting Study Classes.-Special emphasis was placed upon this work and eight classes every member to read "Following the were conducted-six in the Sundayschool, one in the intermediate Christian Sunrise," Mrs. Montgomery's history Endeavor Society, an'd one, a joint affair, in the Senior Christian Endeavor Society of Baptist missions. and the Beacon Lights', a young woman's missionary circle. 116 different persons In addition to conducting study classes were enrolled in these classes. As four persons took two courses, a total of 120 and reading books, all the various organtext-books were sold and studied. izations of the church and its miss'ion- Reading Circles.-One great object of the campaign was to get as many persons the two Sunday-schools, the Woman's as possible to read missionary' books, especially those prepared for the Judson Society, the Beacon Lights and the four Centennial. Accordingly books were sent and letters written to many. Christian Endeavor Societies, Senior, The books used were "Ann of Ava," Intermediate and two Junior-did an "Judson the Pioneer," "Following the Sunrise," "The Call of the World," "The immense amount of special work in the Immortal Seven," "Jesus Christ's Men," and about half a dozen of the old-time way of holding meetings, conducting Judson books that were brought forward and reread by some of the older mem- special exercises, framing pictures, purbers. The results were extraordinary, the total number of books read being as chasing maps, and memorizing mottoeS'. follows: Other features of the campaign were 44 new members added to the church; the distribution of 50 copies of Missions followed by a campaign for new sub- scribers; an Every Member Canvass that increased the pledges for missions and added $100 to the pastor's salary.

The memorial offering amounted to $rr5. "I would like to put in a special word for those crockery pigs," says Mr.

Lewis. "I have used them before and they always interest boys in missions.

On April 10 when the "slaughtering"

took place, a dozen or so were broken and then the whole meeting turned into a social with little groups trying to· gel their money out without breaking the pigs. Everybody had a good time that evening and many members have asked for the privilege of giving again in the same way." .

E I DI

GOD IMPARTIAL-NOT NEUTRAL lowers of Jesus Christ to agree as to MUCH comment has been made since the side which God approves, but this does not mean that God is neutral. It is the beginning of this world-war true that no pleadings, no arguments, no or the fact that the Christians and other personal sufferings can blind Him as to believers in the power of prayer have the real issues at stake or the righteousbeen on different sides earnestly be- ness of the cause that should prevail. seeching Almighty God for His protection and favor to their cause. A paper In view of the wisdom and power of in Italy assured its readers that such God it is indeed foolish for men to petitions have no effect on the Ruler of think that they can, by their prayers, the Universe as he is "Neutral." A turn Him aside from aiding the cause perplexed inquirer in America asks: of justice and love. He will be im- "Have we lost our faith; and is that the partial, but He can not be neutral. He reason why our prayers are not an- will not show favoritism to one party, swered?" but He can not fail to side with the right. In the natural phenomena of the No one who believes in God, the earth, the sky, the sea; in the storms and Father in Heaven, the Creator of the sunshine, in cold and heat; in the in- Universe, the Ruler over all, the One fluence He can exert on the hearts and who so loved the world that He gave His minds and spirits of men, there are a only begotten Son, none who believe in thousand forces at the command of God, this God can believe that He is neutral by which He can determine or teror indifferent when He sees the sorrows, minate the conflict when He deems it the cruelties, the sin inseparably con- best. But there are lessons for men nected with great hatred and bloodshed. to learn that they will learn only through Neutrality implies a degree of indiffer- struggle and suffering, failure or sucence as to the outcome and an unwilling- cess. It was after the experience of ness to influence the final result. Man both victory and defeat that David can not see or foresee with divine vision learned to exclaim: "Some trust in but it requires no prophet to predict chariots and some in horses, but we will that the outcome of this world conflict remember the name of Jehovah, our God." must profoundly influence the progress of the Kingdom of God on Earth. He What then is the use of prayer, and wlio sent His Son to save the world, for what should Christians pray in such is not indifferent as to the horrors of a time of strife when Christendom is war or to the character of the ideals divided? The greatest value of true and forces that succeed. He who prayer is that it helps to bring us into "wills not that any should perish," and tune with the mind of God. None can who is "of purer eyes than to behold hope and none should wish to dictate iniquity," is not likely to hold in check to God as to what He shall do or when all the powers by which He could con- He shall act. The best that we can do trol the outcome of a world~conflict. is to pray that God's will may speedily be done, and that His will may clearly It is impossible, in the present period be revealed to us so that we may coof blind patriotism, even for all true fol-

operate more perfectly. The French, diers. They are knitting warm clothing, the Germans, the Belgians, the Russians, are contributing other comforts, and are the British, the Americans, have In- forwarding literature to those cut off valuable lessons to learn from this war- from the home land.

fare if (lur minds are but open to the There's another more important war- truth. There are lessons of the true fare going on all over the world, one ideals of life, the true forces that make that seeks to spread Iife, not death, to for righteousness, the weakness of extend the spiritual Kingdom of God, materialism, the need for self-sacrifice, not the selfish material advancement of the unity of the race, the supremacy of men. At the front in this campaign God. The sooner men and nations learn there are thousands of men and women thes·e the sooner this war and all war who are cut off from the comforts and will be ended. God will answer prayer comradeship of the home land. Their but it must be prayer that follows the advantages are limited by their isolation . line of His allseeing wisdom and not the and the lack of money. They have not prayer for favoritism. the lecture courses, so plentiful at home, Let us pray that the clouds of battle and are without the wealth of hooks smoke may clear our vision; that the and periodicals so accessible In o·ur thunder of cannon may enable us to hear libraries and our newS stands. A gift more distinctly the "still small voice"; of a broadening, stimulating magazine that the sufferings of the wounded and is often of the utmost value to them destitute bodies may teach us to under- in their personal life and work.

stand the compassion of Christ'for des- The Editors of the REVIEW will be titute souls and that the heroic and grim very glad to cooperate with friends at determination of soldiers to fight and die home to send the MISSIONARY REVIEW OF for country and king may awaken in THE WORLD for one year as a gift to our hearts the loyal purpose to count no some of these self-denying workers 011 sacrifices as a hardship in the service of the home and foreign mission fields.

our Savior and King. This is a time Some of our readers may count it a to pray for enemies, that they may be .privilege to join in this effort by giving on God's side and in His fellowship; the REVIEW for a year to one, ten or to pray for the spirit of peace and pa- one hundred missionaries. We or they tience and love in the face of bitter can select the names in cooperation with antagonisms and sorrow; to pray that the Mission Boards. A special rate is the present waste of men and money offered at $2.00 a year, plus 50 cents may not prevent the progress of the for postage to foreign lands. Whil.: spiritual work of Christ; that the eyes many are remembering the sufferers in of men may everywhere be opened to Belgium, let us not forget the mission- see their sin, their weakness, their aries who are often hungry for mental foolishness and that they may be turned and spiritual food, such as may be to seek forgiveness and wisdom through found in the REVIEW. Will you join Jesus Christ; that in the face of death in this movement to send the REVIEW they may seek eternal life-the God- free to 5,000 missionaries at home and life in this age and in that which is to abroad? So many letters come asking come. for the REVIEW from those who can no~ TREMEMBER THE MISSIONARIES afford to subscribe, that we are unable HE patriots in the countries now at to meet the demand. . war, who are not able to go to the There are other ways of "remember- front, are seeking in many ways to help ing" the missionaries that should not 1;>e bear or lighten the burden of the sol- neglected. Remembering at Christmas time is one way to lighten their burdens, hand there will be a general scheme of another and most important and effec- topics to be presented month by month tive way is "remembering in prayer." so that the whole world-fidd may be Many missionary workers have testified covered adequately in the course of the to the remarkable uplift and power that year. For the sake of those who wish has come in their work, giving victory 5n to use the REVIEW in making programs answer to prayer. How many are pray- we give below a partial list of topics: ing for their brothers and fathers and husbands in Europe. Should we not JANUARY: more earnestly and constantly remember in prayer the officers at home and The World Outlook. the workers on the field who are giving Church Plans for the Year. their lives to the cause of Christ? Thus Prayer and Missions. we may share in the conflict,· the victory The Home Base. and the reward. FEBRUARY: THE PROGRAM FOR 1915 China and the Chinese. EACH year brings new needs, new Confucianism and Taoism. problems, new leaders, new. strug- Chinese in America. gles, new victories in the missionary work. Eternal vigilance is required to MARCH: keep abreast of the campaign, but he who fails to keep a broad outlook loses Mexico and Central America. in inspiration and in power. City Missions and Social Service. Oriental Christianity. During the coming year the Editors of the REVIEW plan to make the maga- APRIL: zine still more effective and attractive, if possible, than it has been in the past. The Indian Empire. Hinduism. The leading writers on mIssIOnary Foreigners in America. themes are h'elpillg to make it invalu- The Native Church. able. In this number, for instance, we have articles by Robert E. Speer, Henry MAY: W. Frost, Gilbert Beaver, Fred B. Smith, and others. In the coming Siam and Laos Malaysia. months, we are to publish papers from Buddhism. Dr. John R Mott, Mr. Sherwood Eddy, Bible Distribution. Rev. John H. Jowett, Dr. Charles L. The American Indians. Thompson, Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer, William E. Griffiths, and from many JUNE: Fetishism. other workers at home and mission.aries abroad. The Department of Best Africa and Madagascar. Methods is to be maintained with its Industrial Missions. invaluable practical suggestions to pas- Negroes- in America. tors, Sunday-school workers .and leaders in local missionary societies. A special JULY: page of stimulating facts is to be added that will be suitable for quotations on The Islands of the Sea. church calendars and in missionary Arctic Missions. meetings. Missionary Administration.

In addition to articles of timely inter- AUGUST: est that can not be announced before- Roman Catholic Europe. The Papacy. The Mountaine.ers of the South. Woman's Work for Women.

SEPTEMBER: Japan and Korea. The Japanese in America. Shinto. Evangelistic Missions.

OCTOBER: Moslem Lands. Mohammedanism. Medical Missions. Young Peoples' -Vork. NOVEMBER: the cause before giving, or shall at least refer to other responsible parties South America. who have investigated. Frontier Home Missions. Educational Missions. Many appeals come to the Editor of The Greek Church. the REVIEW to help needy and worthy causes, and many inquiries are made DECEMBER: concerning those who are collecting money. A good story of "wonderful The Jews. wnversion and remarkable evidences of Missionary Literature. Unoccupied Fields. Children's Work for Children.

CONTINENTAL MISSION STATISTICS the power of God," an eloquent tongue or pleading voice, is not sufficient evi- NOone can examine our statistical dence of the worthiness of an object. table showing the figures for Prot- Oftentimes the more useless the cause estant Foreign missions of Continental the better wiJI be the story-a good societies without a feeling of sadness. story is necessary and does not need The work of these flourishing and grow, to adhere to facts. A few years ago a ing societies has been almost paralyzed. New Zealander told a wonderful story The missionaries are cut off from their and obtained large sums of moneyhome base and many are living in an which he used on himself. Another enemy's country. The British govern- man from India told of a – remarkable ment is giving protection, but many are farm which he had made a Christian necessarily under surveillance because of colony-but he was described as a liar the danger of spies. The British mis- by those missionaries who were his sionaries are treating their German neighbors in India. But of all lands, brethren as Christian comrades and are Syria, Armenia and Persia seem to be ready to offer ass'istance to any _who most prolific in false money-beggars. may be in need. Word has just reached us from The work of the German societies Canada that certain Armenians from shows a distinct gain over last year. Asia Minor have been deported (into The home income increased nearly the United States) f0r obtaining money $500,000, and 32,000 are added to the under false pretenses. They tell a good total number of communicants reported. story and have collected thousands of French, Netherlands and Scandinavian dollars. They produce letters from societies also report a gain over 1913. Bishops in Asia Minor and Persia and What will be the report next year? The even from Christian missionaries in Continental missions and missionaries America. There are nine of these men should be earnestly remembered in our engaged in -this business who have been prayers. Their missionaries are at work deported at one time, but there are in African colonies, in Turkey, Persia, hundreds of others who must be guard- Russia, India, Egypt, Micronesia, and ed against. Their letters are either other countries involved in the war. forged or obtained under – false repre- MISSIONARY "CONFIDENCE MEN" sentations, their photographs are unre- M ANY a good cause suffers because liable and their "orphanages" are mir- of its goodness, and many a gener- ages or belong to missions that have ous giver is imposed upon because of given them no authority to collect funds.

his – or her generosity. There are There is too much need for money in "fakirs" in missionary circles as well as reliable missionary work for Christians in business, and it is advisable that to be careless stewards. If unknown those whose hearts prompt them to give men and women call, their stories to the great work of God and the relief should be inyestigated and if found un- of suffering humanity shaH investigate true the police should be notified.

OF THE PROTESTANT FOREIGN MISSIONARY SOCIETIES OF THE CONTINENT OF EUROPE

(Copyright, 1915, by the M,SS'ONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD.) STATISTICS GATHERED BY PASTOR E. BERLIN, GERMANY (See page 60) FOREIGN MISSIONARIES NATIVE WORKERS NUMBER HEATHEN PHYSICIANS LAST YEAR .!:l CONTINENT OF <<>> EUROPE ….0..:. Foreign Countries in which Missions are NAME OF ORGANIZATION V) Sustained and Number of Missions (Abbreviated) "..0: (5 1. Germany I 1 I I 1 I Berlin •.•••…..•.•.••••.••..•••• 1824 $380,812 I $59,052 1181 2 33 113 : 31 2971 31 I 1,615 1,646 1,9431 6;: I 58 39,023 34,552 5,620 I 309 3,630 1 5,620 I ? 12 295 738 29,7141 21 ? I 18,504 China, (2), Eastern and Southern Africa. 166 220 2, 1 96,325 i i 46 4,140 12,410 7,471 1,339 1,393 7,471 i '66 523 2 84 Breklum …………•…..••.•.•• 1877 2: [… ~ 21 1 7 54 …. 166 29 43 2,638[' …• 1 18,000 India, Africa (2 leper asylums). 1,211 67 106 ,; 34 ! 104 184 Charity in the East……. . • • • . • • .. 1896 112,524 :1 3 3 10 ;I ? ? •… 1 …. [ 2 29 *37 3,400 1 3 ? Turkey, Asia Minor. General Prot. Miss. Union •••..•… 1884 46 …. German Baptist …••.••.••.••.•••• 1890 I 6 1,053 1,154 13 19 I 5,918 I 5; 1 14 8 21 360 479 ?3 ? ? 2 154 103]' 2 3 6,087 Japan, China. 67,315 I , I 25 31 3,557 ••.. 17 1 . . . . 39 7 60 128 9 ? 3,124 312 :J 8 1,643 1 6 2 ? German West Africa. 59,4961 2,367 ! ?30 6 218 German East Africa .•.•.•••….••• 1886 62,860 3,432 19 ' … . 25 80 •… 104 :: 1 1,278 990 571 109 1 104 3,850 ] •.•• German East Africa. German Orient …….•..•••..•••• 1900 5,122 1 32,359 i 1 ••.. 2 31 1 ?1 *4 *290 I 1 1 5,072 Bulgaria, Turkey, Persia, Russia. •••• i 8,873 4 4 73 507 i ····1 ? 66 341 10,106 1' … •••• i 3 Gossner ••……•……••.•.•••… 1836 99,9261 14,1541, 47 ..•• 8 37 9 101 43 1,010 34,538 66,371 12,125 1,541 4,872 12,125 I 459 (2 asylums for lepers), India (3), German West Africa. Hermannsburg ..•………….•.•• 1849 134,923 I Jerusalem Union …………•….. 1852 32,554 35,867 61 , •… 55 3 119 4 356 220 34,945 42,268 1,769 1,353 2,933 43 287 (Asylum for lepers), India, South Africa, Persia.

….. i 1 2 63 22 4 2 ? ? '::-:1 5 12 10,::: Ii : : : : Palestine. 3 3 Kaiserswerth …..•.•….•••.•.••. 1836 ?I 128 67 6 5 474 4 7,422 Egypt, Syria, Palestine, Asia Minor, Turkey.

Leipsic .•……•…….•• , …….. 1836 225,636 937 56 1 …. 7 17 81 23 148 171 252 287 11,132 12,034 717 924 904 717 230 357 19,237 1 26,594 India. British and German East Africa. 11899096 61,233 9, 1 96 174 . …………..•……• 1j 29 1 …. 19 29 78 .••. I 96 37 3,015 ? *437 *78 *437 '39 *2,0281 …. 2 Micronesia (China, see China Inland Missi<>n). Lelbenzell 325,789 524 2,170 2,537 Moravians *…………………. 1732 *52,381 50 108 255,688 i 142 1 …. 40 172 12 367 48 2,122 187 35,238 65,368 6,773 660 3,793 1,535 189 25,375 9 256 440 36,198 4 India, South and Central Africa, West Indies, South and 2 38 41' 1,523 1 …. Central America, Australia, Indians, Eskimos. Neuendette1sau ….•..•……….. 1886 473 II 26 …. , ..•• 8 22 2 58 … . 50 29 2,718 1,260 1,636 364 154 1,636 …. 1,050 New Guinea, Queensland.

N eukirchen ….•……••••.•…•.. 1881 43,519 630 I 33 I 1…. ? 9 43 … . 129 129 172 38 ? 3,111 1,043 161 841 311 15 253 2 20 41 2,442 7 31,183 Java, British and German East Africa.

North German ………" ………. 1836 128,579 I 11,448 1 21 1 •… .••• 5 9 51 6 245 251 302 164 ? 4,955 6,386 406 628 9071 406 •… 1 87 187 7,224 German and British West Africa. Rhenish ..••……….•…..••.•• 1828 312,4881 25 385 6113 116,531 23,625 Eight Other Societies ..•.••..••.•.. .:..:.:..:.1 217,864! I = 77,6451 171 4…. 20 40 I 2,881 i 2,921 3,306 117 42 ? 1 102,622 9,231 16,891 23,625 73 43,624 7 277 839 50,549 2 6 83,744 South Africa, Dutch East Indies (5), China. 2,446,5831 3,048 3,871 742 Total •…•••……..•..•.•••.•• 17,0181 68 3 . • . . 87 27 212 21 144[" 49 ? I 4,752 368,276 62,954 205 ~I~I-?- ? 1 10 87 6,108 1 4 ? –rn 146 358 500,486 –s4Q l—-ui I i l l -70-4 i l l -3-6-3 -2,-16-6 I 9,169 9,387 11,553 I ?108 278,356 19,336 35,957 56,856 755 80,358 54 1,601 3,630 190,4341 26 29 197,656 I iii 1 1 I ! iii 1 1 I Bas}~oc~:~~~~~~~~~•••••.••• 1815 1 483,242 127,685 1 214 5…. 125 190 Ii 33 __ 567 57 i 2,0391 2,096 2,663 73 : 816 39 41,166 30,435 5,346 3,450 I 3,501 5,346 5,640 12 261 853 56,611 6 8 65,214 India, China, German (2) and British West Africa. 24 21 ? 2,994 South Africa, Portuguese East Africa. Mission Romande •.•.•..••..•••••• 1875 I 69,125 12,866 18 4 10 77.:..:.:..:. ~"I ~ ~ 1_31 ~ ~ 2,529 151 I 18 2,994 ? 2 68 101 3,191 3 ..•• 216, 30,435 8,340 3,601! 3,519 I 8,340 Total (incl. one other society)… I 555,390 140,551, 232 9 1381 59 654 57 I 2,147, 2,204 2,8581 86 ; 898 39 43,695 5,640 14 329 954 59,802 9 8 –65–,21–4 — — — — — -. – —— .n '.'" I " I ", '" I "" Pari~;o!~a~~.~ ,I…. " .•.•••••.•.••••• 18221 I I .. ! "'" '"'''' ".'" I"'" I".'" ?? ? ? t24,040 i? ? Africa (5), Melanesia (2), Polynesia. "'.'" '".''' I " I 'SO , =1= 4. Netherlands 25,536 1,490 71 1…. 2! 3 i 2! 15 i …. I ?161 16 31 6 5 …. 1 645 1,541 ? I 44 …. i ? 1 40 16 1,000 zI 2 38,000 Dutch East Indies (2).

Neth. Mennonite Union ••••••••.••• 1847 Neth. Missionary Union ••••••.•••• 1858 *27,209 *3,007 i ? 12….. .•. 4 31 19 ••.• i 80 1 80 99 10 20 …. i 1,408 1,358? 64 79 ? 1 33 30 1,611 4 1 3 24,151 Dutch East Indies.

Netherland Society ••••••••••.•••• 1797 80,565 1 ?1 19 31 1 8 i ?: 8 1 39 •.. , i 159 159 198 15 159 …. I ? 18,503 ? ' 911 1,061 ? 2 32 126 10,845 2 2 61,487 Dutch East Indies (3).

? : ? 51,655 II 153 i 16 146 .•.• ! 7,647 ? i 506 i 649 1 ? Dutch East Indies (2), Dutch New Guinea. Utrecht Union ……………….. 1859 18. ••. . ..•…. I ? ' …. : 18 …. I 153 171 ? 1 33 128 ?I–?- 4,567 1 …. ········1 59,286 ?831 60 Four Other Societies•••••••••••••• iIi = l—m ——m I 14 27 244,251 ~ –8-6 1–4 –1 ? I " 113 1 . "'1 ? ?1 3,000 _ _6 _ _ ? '] 30. .•• 24 : 41 58 ••.. 1 i 83 141 I' 20 1 50 ••.. I 1,177 [ 1,410 Total •••…•••…….••••• ••••• i 11491 640 ~ I 380 -.-..-. 3,230 30,459 –?-: 1,6381 1,789 –?- ? 5 138 360 21,023 15 7 1123,638 5. Scandinavia I 3~ 6 1 Danish Society . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . , 1821 119,885 1 2 •••. 26 21 86 7 263 270 356 20 42 7 1,032 1,613 286 136 ? 64 3,035 3 3 83,591 India, China. Seven Other Danish Societies.••••. 53,000 China. 782 10 12 34 … . 25 25 59 7 ? ? ? ? 55 ..• 9 360 3 ? South Africa, Madagascar (2), China (2 asylums for lepers). India, Ceylon, South Africa. Norwegian Luth. China Mission ..•• 1890 68,942 131 19 1 •.•. 17 9 46 … . 89 89 135 11 27 716 130 176 30 ? ? 1 18 11 401 1 ? China, Chinese Turkestan, Belgian and French Kongo, Russia. Norwegian Miss. Society……….. 1842 248,925 6,679 India. East Africa (3). *68 *2 *2 …. *58 -30 *160 lOt 1,460 1,561 1,721 49 ?114 883 30,301 57,633 5,680 2,662 3,956 5,680 813 23,365 7 23~ 221 8,989 3 3 25,350 German Southwest Africa, China. Japan. Three Other N <>rwegian Societies… • .•. 28,115 193 8 …. 6 7 21 ?127 132 153 7 67 1,378 2,269 657 329 141 657 64 1,276 Church of Sweden Miss•••…….. 1874 88,907 4,775 266 271 340 20 119 5,237 Belgian Kongo. Swedish Missionary Union .•…..•• 1878 123,637 1,422 24 1 •••• 2 22 20 69 297 297 424 18 92 3,420 4,246 1,573 395 301 1,573 1 40 230 5,876 21 ? Swedish National Society …•….•. 1856 3,909 239 337 3 20 101 2,576 98,080 ! 56 1 …. 40 30 127 1 20 201 3,394 ? 422 20 ? 14 1,512 2 4 I1 13,586 29 2 .••• 8 24 35 98 234 24 31 1,661 2,077 197 ? 1 .•.. 13,800 Seven Other Swedish Societies ….. . 134,006 1 ?I,033 20 1 ••.• 37 I 46 44 148 259 260 408 36 ?65 16 2,551 ? ? 60 1,500 1 8 ? Finnish Miss. Society ••…..•…..• 1859 66,894 1,752 141 212 27 •.•• 2 …. I 25 17 71 •.•• 141 12 63 1,848 1,675 284 150 2 66 61 3,715 2 2 8,695 Lutheran Finnish Society ………. 1873 16,033 2 •••• 4 2 3 11 …. 7 7 181 4 – -? – – 1 ? 1- -?- ?50 ? 22 2? 9 350 ····1···· 12 837 25,282 —- Total (incl. one small society) ..• 1,053,174 20,676 292 16 – 1 – 5 57 274 242 888 124 3,174 3,298 4,186 212 709 " 9181 46,301 69,908 7,910 4,789 4,736 7,910 – 1 – === – – 17 405 943 32,965 16 22 145,022 —— — 1,593 111,280 i I 1,621 121,161 — I ==== I 6. Belgium 1 ! II I i I Societe BeIge des Miss. Prot. au ! 1 . I I I I — — — — — — _ 1 – =~I1=~ 90 2,478 15,887 328,264 I I I= Kongo* 1 1910 ===4=,3=1=0 5,396 1,065371,582 499,078 90,040 No Report Rece I ived = I = 1 = = = 1 = Total Continent of Europe (1914 = 1 ~ ~ I~ Reports) ……….•.••……• — — —- — $4,503,883 [$732,148 [ 1,5081 j _6 /1,292 4,036 488/15,765 16,253 20,289 1 1,070 30,765 47'3781183'9421' 531,530 31,463 63,938 81,747 Total 1913 Reports.••..••••..••. i 469 3,812,3691 687,4731 1,435 41 I 6 378 1,081 657 3,802 14,887 15,356 19,1581 1,002 5,467 ?76 ! 356,694 623,791 89,580 94 2.189 5,456 301,568 63 36 567,580 'Signifies that no recent report was at hand. Last year's figures given. tReport incomplete. Rieport of "Miss. Fran~aise, Prot., et Kabylie" not received. tAn international society. "Includes both adults and children.

WODLD-WiDE

MISSIONADY NE S THE WORK AND THE WORLD year ago, the sum he named was com- pleted. Every penny earned will be "0 God'. Search for Man used in Christian work. "These stores THER religions have risen out of will support missionaries, they will pay man's search for God, but Chris- the salaries of ,ministers, they will comtianity is God's search for man. And fort the needy, they will furnish the we dare not interrupt it-we who have lessons of Christianity to the untaught." received only to give. It came to us Mr. Duke is sixty years of age, and has when we were savage and comfortless, been a member of a Baptist church for and has made us what we are, and from twenty-five years. Since his young manus it must go to the old and new peoples hood he has given a tenth of his earnof the earth. Asia, Africa, and these ings to Christian work. islands that sleep in the lap of the Pacific are pleading, 'We would see The Miuionary Physician Jesus.' " NOT long ago a missionary who "'Oh, where is He that trod the sea? studied theology and medicine was 'Tis only He can save.''' believed to be doubly equipped for the foreign field; now, concentration and Who Will Go? not diffusion is the word. Nevertheless, the idea that the missionary should be I N the United States there is one or- doubly equipped has been conserved, in- dained minister to every 594 people; asmuch as the spiritually minded mis~ in Africa there is one to every 82,152 sionary physician can do the work of the people; in Korea there is one to every physician and the evangelist. 123,7II people; in Japan there is one to every 172,538 people; in India there is The missionary physician has marvelone to every 321,448 people; in China ously unique opportunities which make there is one to every 476,462 people. possible his being a doubly equipped There are 1,557 principal cities in China man. His point of sympathetic contact, unoccupied by missionaries. The vast- physical disease, is assured from the ness of the caU seems to be beyond our very start. Further, if the doctor shall powers of comprehension. Certainly it inspire his nurses and helpers with the is beyond any adequate response on our evangelistic spirit to the extent of part as yet. creating an evangelistic atmosphere, one can scarcely imagine conditions more M The Profits for God suited to the winning of men to· the R. H. Z. DUKE, a Ba:>tist of Texas, Savior. In addition to all this the is giving to the cause of religion the hospital may send out its nurses through proceeds of his twenty-one "nickel" (five a city and find the distrest who would cents or 20d. per article) stores. He gladly come to the hospital-haven if and his wife agreed with their con- orily they could, and so may actually science four years ago to turn the earn- bring help and heal them. The ordinary ings of these stores to the use of Chris- evangelist must go to the mountain, hard tianity, when his savings should amount and obdurate with prejudice while the to a hundred thousand dollars. Over a

physician evangelist stands in his lot, Disciples of Christ beckons, and lo! the mountain comes to him, and truth-seeds are sent back for MEN and millions: these were the planting in the homes and villages 01' key words of the sixty-fourth anthe country.-Korea Mission Field. nual convention of the American Chris- tian missionary societies of the Dis- Perils in the Every-Member Canvass ciples of Christ, held in Atlanta, Ga. The attendance at several sessions of the I. Unprepared church for the canvass. convention numbered 10,000, including 2. Untrained leadership. 3,000 delegates. Thirty-eight States 3. Unprepared canvassers. were represented. Less than a year ago 4. Overemphasis on either budget for A. E. Cory of pncinnati, then a mis- sionary in China, was sent back to current expenses or missions. America by his fellow missionaries to plead for a quarter of a milIiondoIIars 5. The canvass is made an end, not a for missions. When he landed it was with the determination to raise $1,000,- means. 000. The Board of Missions had even 6. Inefficient check-up. greater faith and after much praying 7. Not foIlowed up quarterly. and planning the sum of $6,300,000 was 8. No missionary treasurer. decided upon for enlargement of mis- 9. AU done by the preacher. sionary and educational work at home ro. Not made annually. and abroad. R. A. Long of Kansas City gave $1,000,000, and the second million NORTH AMERICA is already nearly raised.

RAmerican Roman Catholics and Mis.ions The movement also has definite plans OMAN Catholics of the United for s'ecuring 1,000 young college men States are steadily advancing to first and women for missionary fields and is place in support of the missions of their adopting the "Every-Member Canvass" communion, and supplanting France in plan, giving each and every member of that respect. Ten years ago the French the denomination an opportunity to par- Church gave $815,000; five years ago, ticipate in the maintenance or extension $675,000; and last year, according to of its missionary, educational and reports just made public, $590,000. Ten benevolent interests. years' ago the United States Roman Catholics gave $45,000 a year, and last I Methodist Finances and War Relief year, according to the same report, N spite of the European war and busi- $44°,000. The headquarters of the one ness depression the regular receipts great Roman Missionary Society are at of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Lyons, with considerable offices in Paris Methodist Episcopal Church for 1914 and Rome. The Society's income last were $1,170,258.97. This shows an inyear was $1,622,996. It was the largest crease of $I2,789.57 over 1913, which in its history, but the total is far smaller had held the record as banner year. than that of a dozen Protestant societies in America. The great givers to Roman There was received in February from Catholic missions are, among American a friend whose name for the present is dioceses: New York, with gifts last year witheld from the public, securities, the amounting to $157,000; Boston, $57,000; market value of which at that time was Philadelphia, $53,000; Cleveland, $7,800, estimated at $175,000. The money wasand B,altimore, $7,100. Not a city in ta be used for the ~rection of a building Rom~J1' countries, like AUl'tria, Italy, at Budapest, Hungary, and another at Belgium anq.Spain, comes ,anywhere near Petrograd, ·Russia, and for the benefit of th,e gifts .~af these gener9us Roman the William Nast CoIlege at Kiukiang, Catholic Americans.–,-Th~Chfwchman.

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

China; $50,000 was to be set aside for to fore given to Turkey. Successful rethe Permanent Fund of the Board. sults imply careful preparations, and the plans for this campaign included an The retired missiqnaries fund which illustrated and clever circular addrest was begun last year by a gift of $75,000 to all undergraduates, another circular was increased by a gift of $50,000. to all the alumni, a group of forty can- vassers representing dormitories, "frats" At the November meeting of the and clubs, wide advertisement by posters General Committee of the Methodist in dormitories and prominent points on Board, the effect of the war upon mis- the campus, an outside speaker to presion work was carefully considered. The sent the conditions in Turkey, a public loss of ministers and men in the belli- meeting where subscription cards were gerent countries and in neutral states passed and signed, followed by a canvass under military mobilization; the depres- of all the dormitories begun immediately sion of business in Italy, Scandinavia on Sunday night following the meeting. and Switzerland; the war rates of ex- On this night they reached 30 per cent. change in the trasmission of funds; the of the college and the next night the rise of prices, even in South America, attempt was made to complete the list. the Philippines and Korea; the demoralization of Mexico and the poignant Chinese Women Student. in America hurt of Belgium were cited. A strong committee recommended an appeal to ONE of the most significant pieces of the Church to raise by special collections work carried on by the Foreign at least $225,500 for war relief. Department of the National Board of Young Women's Christian Associations Missionary Exhibits Accessible is the hold which it has obtained upon Oriental young women studying in T HE Missionary Education Movement America, . Association leaders have has organized a department to act brought them, as far as possible, into as an interdenominational agency for the close touch with the best American home supply of material which may be rented life, and the generosity of one friend for missionary exhibits, entertainments, has made it possible for every Oriental plays, and meetings. woman student in the United States to be invited each year to one of the sum- It has issued a "Catalog of Exposition mer conferences conducted by the Naand Exhibit Material," in which are an- tional Board in various parts of the nounced costumes, scenery, curios, and country. It is appropriate, therefore, other accessories used in dramatic pres- that the Association should concern itentation in connection with missionary self with the coming of ten Chinese girts, education. This material is illustrative the first to be sent on the American Inof the life, customs, and religions of demnity Fund, tho China has sent numnearly alL non-Christian peoples and of bers of young men in the last five years'. several phases of Home Mission work. It is a striking fact that they are all The catalog may be procured from any Christians, and eight of them are da:ughof the Home or Foreign Mission Boards ters of Chinese Christian clergymen, or Societies, or direct from the Mission- They were chosen by competitive examiary Education Movement, New York. nations held in English in Peking. All the way from China officers of the How Dartmouth Students Did It· Y. W. C. A. have had friendly oversight of the girls, and the National Board in A MISSIONARY finance campaign at New York will assist in sdecting the' Dartmouth College, Hanover, New schools they will attend. ,It is a chal- .Hampshire, in the interests of the work at. Mardin, Turkey, raised $712, in contr~st to the $35 that Dartmouth has here-

lenge to the Christian Church of the $750,000. Last year those churches and United States, in whatever institutions organizations which are reckoned in the or communities these young women may tabulation of missionary offerings confind their home, to put about them the tributed $604,895, being $42,794 in exstrongest Christian influences and to see cess of the previous year; so that it that these women from far-off Chinese seems probable that the larger amount, churches shall be so matured in their $750,000, will be contributed. All this Christian life that they may go back to is heartening, in view of the hundred become leaders in the vital development and one demands made upon Christian of the womanhood of China. individuals and churches; in view of th.e business depression that has prevailed; Oriental. at Service. in California and in view of the many, Christians and others, who are not enthusiastic in the I T is worthy of note that when the matter of missionary operations. When crypt of the new cathedral in San three hundred and fifty busy Christian Francisco was dedicated this year, men gather at a banquet at such a time "From Greenland's Icy Mountains" was as this, and resolve to go forward in this sung by a choir from the Japanese mis- matter of advancing the Kingdom of sion, and "Jesus shall Reign where'er the God, it may be expected that, by the Sun," by a Chinese choir. Addresses blessing of God, the end will be achieved. were also ·given by Chinese and Japan- -Canadian B($ptist. ese clergymen. Fifteen hundred and fifty-three Bibles and New Testaments LATIN AMERICA were presented to the officers and men of two Japanese cruisers in San Fran- Improvement in Porto Rico cisco. Representatives of the Bible Society, of the Federation of Churches REV. C. J. RYDER, who went to and of the Japanese-American evan- Porto Rico in 1902 to open the gelization society, Dendo Dan, partici- Congregational miSSion, has recently pated' in the formal presentation which visited the island, and writes in The took place on the afterdeck of Admiral Advance of the marked progress in these Kuroi's flagship, the Asama. The flag- twelve years along industrial, educaship's band played the national airs of tional, ethical, and religious lines. He the two countries, and in addition, "I says: "The sanctity of the home has love you, California," which, in view of been emphasized by the Protestant Californian legislation, indicates a rea- churches that have been established. The sonable spirit of forgivenes.s· on the part public school system developed by the of the visitors.-Record of Christian superintendent of education of the Work. United States is excellent and compre- hensive. It includes kindergarten, in- CANADA dustrial training and high-school work in many of its schools. An excellent Missionary Giving in Toronto university has been erected at Rio Pied- ras that would be an honor to any SEVEN years ago, the combined giv- country. '(he percentage of illiteracy ings of the Protestant churches in has been reduced and bright, energetic Toronto to missionary objects amounted students are being trained in these difto about $150,000. In November, 1907, ferent institutions." Industrially, the the Laymen's Missionary Movement, at most striking feature is the gradual its inaugural meeting, decided to make development of a middle class, which did the objective for the ensuing .year; not exist when Spain surrendered the $350,000. That objective was attained; island. and now the objective for the current year has been made no less than

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

The Opportunity in Mexico local Evangelical Alliance has been in successful operation for several years. A LARGE number of former pupils The membership is made up of repre- of the People's Institute, a school sentatives of the same four organizaconducted by the Disciples of Christ at tions. It holds monthly meetings for its Piedras Negras, are now occupying members, and has carried through sevpositions of influence in the government eral union evangelistic efforts. This of Mexico, or in its army. It was of year it is holding a monthly union this school that Carranza, when he was prayer-meeting which itinerates from president of Coahuila, said that twenty- one church to another in 'widely separfive such institutions would permanently ated parts of the city.-WM. B. BOOMER cure Mexico of revolutions. Rev. S. C. in Assembly Herald. Inman, the Principal, writes that the wonderful opportunities in Mexico pre- Disciples' Commission on Latin America sented to the Evangelical churches today, make it difficult to be patient until RECOGNIZING the great part Latin peace is assured before the great body America is to play in the world's of missionaries return to Mexico. Every community is disorganized. The Roman life in the twentieth century and the Catholic churches and the public schools great need of the Christian forces' of are still closed, and rich families who North America to contribute in the generally lead in the community life broadest and most scientific way to the have not yet returned' from the United development 9f this life, a Commission States. This is a time for manifesting on Latin America has been named to some of the old heroic spirit of missions. represent the Disciples of Christ in the Mr. Inman asks: "Has our missionary new movement· toward our neighborscience and carefulness brought us to ing republics of the South, which is being the point where we are willing to walk felt in all parts of North America. Comonly by sight? How much longer will mercial and political relationships bethe whole Evangelical Church in North tween the two continents will not be America stand in an attitude of watch- solved save by a uniting in spiritual reful waiting while these people are neg- lationships. To bring about the latter lected at the time they most need our means a more thorough study of the hishelp and our message." tory and philosophy of life of the people of South America, and a deeper appre- Miaaionary Cooperation in Chile ciation of them than the North Ameri- can has s'o far been willing to accord. T HE last three or four years have It is the aim of the Commission to con- seen considerable advance in co- tribute as far as possible to the formaoperation among the American and tion of broad and sure foundations for English evangelical forces in Chile. In the future friendship of the peoples of the southern part of the country an in- the two continents. terdenominational Sunday-school Association holds a successful annual con- DR.Earl Taylor on South America vention, in which workers of the Church S. EARL TAYLOR, of the of England, the Methodist Episcopal and Methodist Board of Foreign Mis- Presbyterian Churches of the United sions, who has recently returned from a States and of the Christian and Mission- trip through South America, reports ary Alliance work together harmoni- that: "There are many chances for mis- sionary work in Panama, and cooperation ouSlY. between mis'sionaries laboring in the northern part of South America and in In Santiago, the capital of Chile, a

Mexico is likely eventually to solve many England and the Continental Missions problems." M' LE PASTEUR BIANQUIS (Sec- Ecuador is the only country in South America from which Protestant mission- retary of the Paris Missionary So- aries have ever been expelled. "In other ciety) in writing a letter of thanks to countries of South America," he said, the London Missionary Society, for cer- "a number of the churches, particularly tain services rendered to his Society the Protestant Episcopal, have been in- says: strumental in securing civil liberty. Conditions are excellent in Bolivia and "I have already told you how touched Peru. The government of Bolivia sub- I was by the tokens of Christian frater- scribes to the support of the Methodist nity which your Society has given us. Episcopal school. Chile contains the We do not believe that our country will 'Yankees' of South America. Argentine be subjected to a defeat, but we believe is growing as our West did in the early the victory will be very hard to win, and days, and with this difference, that her that it will leave us exhausted for many pioneer towns are according to the years."-L. M. S. Chronicle. standards of new towns that are develop- ing in a state like Ohio, for instance. War and the MeAll Mission There are great opportunities in Peru and Chile." MOST of the leaders in the McAll Mission are now in the trenches on EUROPE the battle lines in northern France, and the work of the Mission is being kept Difficulties of Bible Work up for the most part by the wives and children of the workers who are in the IN the continental countries which are army. now at war the British and Foreign Bible Society's normal work is largely at Five of the Paris mission halls have a standstill. Indeed, many of its col- been converted into workrooms for porteurs-who number nearly 200 in women whom the war has rendered des- those countries-have been called out to titute. Two meals a day are provided, serve with the colors', and are now in and a small sum of money is given to some cases fighting against each other. each woman. The Mission workers are The mobilization authorities in Turkey on half-pay, which is entirely insufficient, have even laid hands on the Society's and if the war lasts more than three workers in places as remote as Port Said, months it is a question how the workers Bagdad and Mosul. Since hostilities can live. began, however, it has been found pos- sible to distribute 130,000 Testaments and Meanwhile the work of the Mission Gospels among the German and Aus- is more necessary than ever. Part of its trian soldiers; while the Society's agents work has been conducted on two boats in Russia have been authorized to dis- that went up and down the little rivet's . tribute Gospels as far as practicable of northern France running through the among the Russian armies. Within the terrible battlefields. One of these boats British Empire, the Society has already was at Meaux, on the Marne, when the supplied 300,000 New Testaments and war broke out. With the approach of Gospels for distribution among the troops the Germans toward Paris it was a proceeding to the front-recn~its, refu- military necessity to sink all the· boats gees, p'ri~oners. of war, "and wounded that could help the invaders across the! soldiers-in the various ,languages re- river, and a Mission boat, Le Bon M es- quired. sager, on whose wide decks in days of peace the Gospel was so often preached, was sunk by a detachment of English troops. J

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The War and Strong Drink workers,- and having 246,6g0 communi- I T was in r899, in October of which cants, carryon active service in the year the South African war broke out, regions beyond. In our own Mission, that the drink: bill of England reached over 100 Germans are united wit:h us in its highest point-namely 186 millions. evangelizing China, and they are a most From this it gradually fell in ten years devoted body of men and women. These to 155 millions, rising again to 166 mil- are facts which are not to be forgotten, lions last year. The principal com- and we should beware of any spirit of batants in the present struggle appear to generalization which leaves them out of have no faith in the fortifying properties account. In our prayer and praise then of alcohol. From the press we learn let us be sure to remember all of the that Lord Kitchener has intimated that German Christians as "brethren be- "No presents of cases of wine or spirits loved."-China's Millions.

can be accepted for the troops at the front, and no consignments of this Spiritual Quickening in Spain nature will be forwarded to them." THE leader of the Presbyterian Germany.-"There is absolutely no al- churches in Spain; Senor Don Cip- coholic liquor being sold. The sale has riano Tornos, was, as a young man, a evidently been forbidden." Catholic and court preacher to Queen France.-"The manufacture of ab- Isabella II. He was converted to evan- sinthe has been suspended." gelical Christianity by study of the Bible Russia-"The drink shops throughout when preparing for a debate against the Empire ha'e been closed since the Protestantism. For many years he has mobilization began, and Russia is now been one of the ablest leaders of the mOTe sober than the State of Maine." Reformation in Spain. The largest In various parts of England some re- Protestant Church in Madrid, with a duction is proposed in the hours for the membership of over 200, occupies a sale of drink, but such petty reforms building which has also been converted will never meet the case. from Catholicism. It is a gloomy struc- ture in a narrow street and was once I A -Good Word for German. the residence of a leading Inquisitor. N these days when so much criticism Subterranean pas-sages lead to torture is being exprest toward Germany, it is chambers. For many years the buildwell for us to remember that in the ing was occupied by the depot of the midst of that people are many godly Bible Society.- Now it res"Ounds with saints to whom the world owes an un- the voices of Sunday-school children.

payable debt of obligation and gratitude. MOSLEM LANDS Not all German theologians are higher Mi••ionariea Safe in Turkey critics, and not a few are deeply evan- gelical. Also, many of our best de- THE American Board received, No- votional writers are Germans. Also, the vember 10th, through the State De- German misionary spirit is a strong one. partment at Washington the following In former days, Gutslaff-one of the dispatch from W. W. Peet of Constanti- pioneer missionaries in China-was the nople, treasurer of all the Board's Turk- example and inspirer of Mr. Hudson ish missions: Taylor, and thus, in a sense, he was the "American Ambassador with hearty co- founder of the China Inland Mission. operation of Turkish officials has situa- In the present days, some tw~nty-~ tion com,Pletely in hand. Missionaries missionary societies. having a totltI men'i~ and their WQ,k fully safeguarded. Every- bership of 2,II5 forei?'J1,and 8,766 nativ.,e thing proceeding as' though normal con-

ditions prevailed. You may safely re- particularly vitalizing just now and the assure all friends." Jewish work is not interfered with."

This means that the American Board's A Arab Againat Arab 174 misionaries at twenty centers all MISSIONARY writes home: over the Turkish Empire, together with "The day Dr. and Mrs. A. K. Ben- their homes, their schools, their seven nett left for Bagdad there was a little colleges and nine hospitals are not only disturbance that threatened to turn into safe from injury, but are proceeding rather serious trouble between some with their work as tho Turkey were MUlltefib Arabs and the head of the not at war. Great credit is due to Am- Arabs here. For a few days the most bassador Morgenthau for his skill and wild-looking Arabs from all around enterprise in conserving their manifold Busrah came in to fight for their leader, interests. The dispatch also gives grat- but I think they have all returned to . ifying evidence that the Turkish Govern- their villages. Miss Holzhauser had ment appreciates the worth of the Ameri- planned to stay on her side of the creek can missionary enterprise among its at night, because she wanted to be near people.-Congregationalist. the hospital, but during the disturbance she slept here. But she has gone back The Situation in Palestine again, and the dispenser and his wife are staying with her so she is not alone." MISSIONARIES of the Christian and Misionary Alliance in Pales- The Situation in Persia tine report as follows: AT present the population of Persia "Most of the English and Scotch is nearly 10,000,000, 9,500,000 of missionaries have left Palestine and which are Mohammedans. There are much of the German Mission work as well as the French ·Roman Catholic ac- eleven Provinces, the capital is Teheran. tivity is suspended. Altho the Shah is the nominal ruler he has little real authority. The south- pur mission intends to prosecute our ern part of Persia is under the in- work in so far as possible. American fluence of Great Britain, and the north- institutions hold vantage ground just ern part is under Russian influence. now, but even they are facing serious The Persians are making an effort to difficulties. Local' opposition to our build up their own government, but work in Beersheba has again been mani- they are gradually growing weaker, and fest.ed by the officials there, and we may Persia seems destined to be swallowed be compelled to withdraw our staff for up by her neighbors. They have no a time. The Scotch Mission Hospital funds to keep a standing army. in Hebron is closed, and it may be found advisable to shut up OUf mission house While nearly all the inhabitants arc there. Itineration is impossible. We Mohammedan, there are many sects: are thankful that we are still unhindered in Jerusalem, and onlyan unprecedented Most of these sects believe in the upheaval would make work and residence Koran, but some do not believe in its here impossible. We have sent notices inspiration. There are also fifty or to our Boarding-school students that if sixty thousand fire worshipers, or they will bring their full fee when they Parsees; 70,000 nominal Christians, the c<;>me;. ~e hope to be able to open both Armenians and Nestorians; and about schools' as .welI'"as -the Bible Training 40,000 Jews. School. We do this in the hope! that Several Protestant denominations have will all promised help from America be missionaries in Persia and the Roman Catholics have a school for,· boys in forthcoming. The church services are U rumia, with 70 to 90 students being

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trained for the priesthood. They also and industrial knowledge to modernize have a girls' school where 60 girls are our ancient and glorious land." being taught. Most of the 20 or more priests are married and have children. AT A Great Ingathering They have church buildings in Tabriz Bulandshahr, ninety miles north of and in Teheran and other places, but their Agra on the Delhi Meerut road, the congregations are small. The American Rev. J. S. C. Banerji, after three years' Presbyterians have a school for Chris- steady work and patient teaching, is betian children and another one for Mo- ginning to see a mass movement. On hammedan boys', and have four self- August 27th some 80 Chamars were bapsupporting churches-between twenty tized. These people are the leather and thirty small congregations with workers of India, and though not so low about 1,400 members. They also have in caste as the sweepers, yet they are some small schools'. outcastes, part of the great "submerged tenth" of India. In the Rev. L. Perfumi's The work of the Russian Greek district of Meerut there is already a large Church is successful at present, as it is and flourishing Christian congregation under the control of the Russian Gov- drawn from this caste. Once begun, the ernment. Many nominal Christians join ties of caste and marriage prove a great their church for personal protection. source of evangelism. THe baptismal They have a school, where boys are service took place on the banks of the trained for the priesthood. There is Ganges canal. also a girls' schOol, and a press.

INDIA THE Work Amona Leper. Rev. K"Cannon, chairman of the The Pre.ent Problem in India Calcutta Church Council, among his many other duties has the supervision MR. RABINDRA NATH TAGORE, of the work at the' Gobra leper asylum. in a stirring message to the Hindu- He writes.: There are about fifty Chris- tian lepe!~in the asylum, and there have stan Association of America, states what been four adult baptisms and six infant he considers to be the present problem of baptisms during the year. Leah, an old India: leper woman who has been in the asylum for over eleven years, was under in- "The present problem of India is not struction for two and a half years. Her political. We shall nev:er be able to fit greatest joy was kneeling down in prayer ourseJyes for higher privileges unless we to God. Without prayer sue found no can,do away with the narrowness of our true happiness. She only survived two mind and the weakness of our character. months after her baptism, and just before All the poison of ignorance, indifference her end she said, "I have waited for and disunion that are in. the very marrow baptism a long time, and now I am of our society are standing in the way going to Jesus' bosom." One old Chrisof our fullest development. Our war- tian woman, Martha, who is blind, fare is with these. We have to train preaches the Gospel every day to the nonourselves to extend our vision from the Christian lepers. And if, for any reason, family to wider circles and to eradicate she is .unable to preach, she can not eat the hedges of effete customs. We need her food. She seems always full of joy, the training of mixing with the outside and has a real love for the people around world. Following the beaten track of her. She is led about by another Christhe. drudgery of governmental clerkship, tian woman, Mary, who helps her to we have become disgracefully worthless. preach sometimes. For the first time, I Shake our country to its very foundation at this' point, and teach our countrymen to walk in pursuit of modern scientific

have taken the communion service in occasion of a banquet in his honor the Hindustani there, as very few know young ruler !Vade a speech in which Bengali. he said: "It is now twelve months since German Missions in India I was invested with ruling powers; THE Gossner Mission of Berlin (says during this time I have devoted myself to getting a grasp of the details of the Bombay Guardian) has a staff administration, and have only been able of 50 Europeans in Chota Nagpur and Bihar. Its Secretary, Rev. Paul Wag- to make a beginning with a few imner, has received the Kaiser-i-Hind Gold Medal. The situation of the Mission is portant reforms, which, God willing, critical. The Bishop of Chota Nagpur, should produce beneficent results in and others, are dealing with the need. time." The regulation of the age of The Schleswig Holstein Mission, with marriage for girls, education, and the more than 40 European missionaries opening of public libraries in all the working in the Vizagapatam District of important centers; the improvement of Madras and the Jeypore Agency, has the capital of the State with a view to already taken drastic action; 275 .Indian the prevention of plague, and also lookagents have been dismissed, ISO more ing to increasing the beauty and comput on half-pay, and a seminary of 78 fort of the city; the foundations of students closed. The Leipzig Lutheran municipal government under the guid- Mission works in the Tanjore, Madura, ance of British officers, and experiand Ramnad Districts of the Madras ments in the introduction of silk cul- Presidency and in Trichinopoly. Its ture: these are the reforms desired by monthly expenditure has been very large, the Maharaja. The young ruler has and is obtained by monthly remittances. fitted himself by study and travel for Since the war broke out nothing has been his difficult post-difficult if success- fully filled.-Indian Witness.

received. Schools have been disbanded Great Strides in Siam and children sent home. The Indian educational staff alone numbers 580. MISS MARGJRET McCORD writes Similar facts with slight variation are home from Bangkok: reported from other German Missions. "In the year that has passed, Siam has Continental Missions other than German made great strides along some lines. The are also in hardship. The strain of the railroad in the Malay peninsula, that will present crisis is upon them, and the pros~ in time join Bangkok to Singapore" and pect is still more serious. The National open to travelers the great beauty of the Missionary Council of India has been Malaya, is nearing completion. Toward facing the situation. The Bishop of the north the railroad is slowly creeping Chota Nagpur has proposed that there nearer to Chieng Mai. Some three years should be a personal appeal to every ago, three Siamese young men were sent English and American missionary to sub- to France to learn the mysteries of the scribe Rs. 10 a month while the need aeroplane. A few months ago, these men lasts. returned and brought with them the fruit A Ruler of Promise of their labors. Several days ago, we HE Maharaja Holkar of Indore bids heard a great shout from the children and T fair to become a ruler of whom a strange humming, buzzing sound over India may well be proud. He is twenty- our heads, and there passed three aero- four years of age, having attained to planes on their way to visit his Majesty, full sovereignty in his State three years who has been spending a few weeks in ago. At the end of his first year Lord his palace in the little city of Prapa- Hardinge visited the State, and on the tome. The journey, by these airships,

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

was successfully made in forty minutes. Work in Chinese Cities' It takes our railroad train an hour and a half to make it. We hear that Siam THE Mission, China Council, and the is bringing five more airships into this Presbyterian Foreign Board have country, and the military activity is taking precedence over every other depart- sent Rev. Charles E. Scott, of Shantung, ment of State. For many years the water home to work up the "China Cities Evansupply of Bangkok has been the river and gelization Plan." The great and ancient the canals that act as the sewerage of the walled cities of China are now open to city; but a system of supplying the city the Gospel for the first time. There is a with well-filtered water is fast nearing feeling on the field that relatively too completion. There is also an extensive much emphasis has been put on the school scheme for irrigation being planned, with work at the expense of the evangelistic the hope that this fertile land may pro- work. This proposition seeks to correct duce the utmost from well-watered fields. the emphasis, in so far as we can.Seven- teen hundred great walled cities, with CHINESE REPUBLIC thousands of smaller administrative cen- ters are now open for the first time to The Flavor of the Gospel the missionaries, a marvelous condition of affairs. This is due to a series of· ACHINESE evangelist in Shantung international events in the Far East, discovered a truly remar~able per- which have made the Chinese leaders son in a village seldom visited by mis- dissatisfied with their religion, realizing sionary preachers. About five years ago their impotence. 1£ we do not quickly this old man had by some means secured meet this opportunity and give them the a large-print Gospel of St. John. When Gospel, for what they have given up, the the evangelist arrived, the old man tide will turn, and we will lose our opshowed that he understood the message: portunity, as it was lost in Japan. Gen- "I know that Jesus· came down from eral Li Yuan Hung, Vice-President of God, from Heaven. I have the book that the Chinese Republic, himself a Christells about Him, Yo-han Iu-yin ('John's tian, has urged the missionaries to press Good News'). I read it constantly." He this upon the home church. "Five years was told that St. John'S was only one of hence will be too' late." many sacred writings; he replied: "I do not care for any others; this flavor is Moral. Taught in Chinese Schools excellent; I read this constantly, and ten parts (i.e., perfectly), believe in Jesus. UNDER the caption "Will Teach You need not exhort me to trust in Him. Morals in Chinese Schools" the For nearly five years I have read about Philadelphia Public Ledger of recent date Him in this book, a~d wa~t nothing bet- devoted a column to an account of the ter." The evangelist then taught the old system of ethics and religious training man to pray, and urged him to become just authorized by the Chinese minister acquainted with the communities of of education, Mr. ~t'ang Hua-Iung, for the Christians near him, with whom he might public schools of the Chinese Republic. have fellowship. The nearest missionary "Mr. Tang," says the Ledger, "holds that says: "We have sent him a large-print morality and right living are as much a New Testament, and invited him to visit part of the educational equipment of us. This man knows no church, no or- China's youth as are mathematics, readdinances, no fellowship, no teacher, Sl!-ve ing and writing. He .has approved a Jesus' book, and the Holy Spirit, who plan which, without interfering with the reveals the deep things of this simplest, constitutional declaration assuring comprofoundest Gospe1." plete religious liberty and freedom of be-

lief in the Chinese Republic, will admit hospitals, free schools, public lecture as part of the curriculum in the primary halls, prisons, a Door of Hope and one schools principles of morality and right insane asylum. The very existence of living enunciated by China's great sage, these institutions under Chinese man- Confucius, and essential Christian prin- agement is itself a proof of the leaven- ciples." This is only a step, but it is a ing influence of Christian ideas, and a step in the right direction. Christian prophecy of the power that will come missions must supplement this teaching to the nation when the spirit that is with the message of the "Gforious Gospel behind such enterprises fully controls of the Blessed God." the people.

The institution showing the greatest The End of "White WolE" development of a really scientific solu- tion of a social problem was the in- ALL who remember the reports that dustrial prison, completed about a year have come from time to time of the and a half ago, the superintendent of attacks on life and property committed which traveled all through Japan and by the company of Chinese bandits led. Europe studying prison construction by the notorious "White Wolf" will read and discipline. with especial interest the following item from a letter written by Mr. James Stark, Sunday-Schools in Heathen Temples of the China Inland Mission: T "The 'White Wolf' was, some time ago, HE decay of heathenism and the advance of Christianity is evireported as having been killed in Honan, and the payment of the reward offered denced in the new opportunities for for his head authorized by the Central Sunday-school work in the Far East.

Government, but in some quarters doubt These are especially noticeable in has since been exprest as to whether or China. This progress was manifest to not the announcement has foundation in members of the World's Sunday-school fact. In any case, the activity of this .law- Association Oriental Commission, when less leader and his followers has ceased, the party visited Kiukiang, on the and the provinces which principally suf- Yangtse river, a city of 82,000, and fered at their hands now enjoy quiet. The the center of a populous district of Szechwan soldiers, whose presence and 5,000,000 souls. They were very much reputation on the Shensi border did much imprest by the work being done there to save the situation in the Hanchung by Miss Jennie F. Hughes, a Methodist plain, have been recaIled."-China's Mil- misionary and an enthusiastic Sunday- lions. school worker. Her "Bible Women's A Public Institutions in Peking Training-school" is turning out num- bers of Sunday-school teachers, and T the Y. M. C. A. student confer- everyday-school in her district is a ence in North China this past Sunday-school as well. Over 2,000 boys summer, the general topic was "Social tmd girls are enrolled in these district Service and the Christian Message." schools. Old picture post cards· are As a part of the preparation for this, given as a reward for attendance, red a group of students representing three paper bearing a Bible verse in Chinese of the colleges in and near Peking having been pasted over the address.

spent ten days in the metropolis study. There are seven Sunday-school& in the ing its institutions of a public nature, city, with an attendance of 1,500 pupils, and at the conference they made re- and the city authorities have thrown ports upon all the institutions visited. open the Confucian and Buddhist tem- These included poorhouses, orphanages, ples for free use as Sunday-schools.

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

Chinese School for the Deaf direction and advice for their athletics. Over 500 students are organized in Bible A PRESBYTERIAN elder in Hang- classes, and the efficiency of the asso- chow (Province of Chefoo) had a ciation's leaders in their behalf is indideaf son whom he sent to the mission cated by the fact that 125 joined vaschool for the deaf at Chefoo. When rious churches during last year as an the boy graduated he quickly secured acknowledgment of the truth of what a position at the Commercial Press, they had been taught from the Bible. Shanghai. This so pleased the father All students in Peking are really Conthat a second son, not deaf, was sent fucianists or Christians. to take the same training. With this son as a teacher, the father has now JAPAN-KOREA opened a school for the deaf in his own home at Hangchow. The mother, Protestant Missions in Japan Mrs. Tse, is matron, and there are already six pupils in residence. Mr. THE Rev. H. Loomis gives the statis- Tse has interested 20 of the leading tics of Protestant Missions in Japan Christians belonging to the five mis- for 1913 as follows, the figures for 1912 sions in Hangchow, who have organ- being in parentheses: Adult baptisms, ized a society, "The Founders of the 6848 (6089); communicants, 80,383 Hangchow School for the Deaf." They (73,226); C h u r c h – members, 98,325 purpose to finance the school without (90,469); organized Churches, 858 the aid of foreign funGs. This is a (831); self-supporting Churches, 182 characteristic instance of the budding (186); partly self-supporting Churches, of institutional life in the Church of 675 (645); preaching places, 1256 China.-Record of Christian Work. (1280); ordained Japanese ministers, 728 (702); unordained Japanese minis- A Live Y. M. C. A. ters and helpers, 732 (652); Sunday- school scholars ~.nd teachers, 108,495 THE Y. M. C. A. of Peking, which is (106,580) ; amount of Japanese contribu- supported by the students and alumni tions (in yen), 374,538 (318,693). The of Princeton University has at the cen- increase in adult baptisms and communitral building a membership of about cants is remarkable. 1,300 young Chinese men, drawn from the student and business classes of the AA Government Christian Lecture Hall Chinese capital, who enjoy just. such GOSPEL hall was opened in Ueno privileges in their building as d() the P"rk, Tokyo, on the grounds of the members of similar institutions in Ameri- great Taisha exposition in which all can cities. Japan and many foreign lands partici- . The various educational institutions in pated. At the dedicatory services the Peking have under their instruction not Mayor of Tokyo, Baron Sakatani, less than 7,000 young men upward of J6 abandoned his MSS. to speak in warm years of age. To them the Association extemporized words of the special value appeals not merely with advantages for which he placed on this building and themselves, but with many challenges for its work. "It seemed," he said, "inservice. A social service club of stu- significant in comparison with the imdents from both government and mis- posing structures about it; yet, in his sionary colleges now has a membership opinion, it was the center of the most of over 200 men from thirteen different ptofound reality and value of the whole institutions. exposition. It alone represented spiri- tual achievement; all the rest referred The association exercises likewise a to material things only." Such senlarge influence over the students through timents seem not uncommon among

the leaders of present-day Japan. in action in their immediate environ- During the Sei Kokwai week 61 meet- ment.-Record of Christian W prk. ings were held, and over 7,000 persons came in and stayed through the ser- 5tatiaties from Korea vices, 384 responding to invitations to after – meetings. Seventy thousand THE Missionary Survey gives the foltracts were given out in a single week. lowing statistical summary of the Divinity school students and lay Christians cooperated actively in the work situation in Korea :-"The Northern of literature distribution. Presbyterian Mission is responsible for th:e evangelization of a population of Christian Buaineas Men in Japan 4,785,000; the Methodist Episcopal HE evangelistic meeting held in Church Mission for 3,000,000; the T Saga, described by the Rev. H. V. S. Southern Presbyterian Mission for Peeke, show strikingly the"' recent drift of 2,291,000, and the Southern Methodist public favor toward Christianity. At Mission for r,Il3,000; both tht;: Austrathe meeting greetings' were read from lian and Canadian Presbyterian Misthe Governor of the Province, the Mayor sions are responsible for more than a of the City, and from a Christian official million each. •The extent to which these at the head of the Kyushu Railway De- forces have succeeded in their respecpartment. After the sermon addresses tive fields may be approximately indiwere made by Madame Hirouka, the cated by the following figures: The wealthy business woman, sixty-six years Northern Presbyterian Mis'sion has one of age, whose recent acceptance of CHris- adherent for every 49 of the populatianity has been referred to before, and tion, the Southern Presbyterian Mission by Mr. Morimura, an octogenarian busi- has one for every 150; the Northern ness man of great wealth and influence, Methodist Mission one for every 63; who has found Christ in his old age. while the Southern Methodists have one Subsequent upon the recent exposures of for every IIS. The Australian and graft in high places, this Mr. Morimura Canadian Missions have approximately established a fund for the development one for every 120 of the population. of a plan to promote business morality. We cannot claim for these figures any He offered $roo,ooo and Baron Shibusa- degree of absolute accuracy, yet they wa added $25,000 to the fund. suffice to indicate somewhat the force and its distribution, as well as its effec- tiveness in the respective fields:"

Travelers' Aid in Japan Buddhist Propaganda in Korea HE Y.W.C.A. of Tokyo has A RECENT issue of the Zen, a T initiated a Travelers' Aid work at Buddhist magazine, says that the the Ueno station in that city. Two priests of the Myoshinji sect have women are employed to meet the trains been hard at work engaged in the profrom five o'clock in the morning to pagation of their religion in the Sagten at night, in order to assist friend- halien Island, Manchuria, Korea, and less women. A large number of extra- Formosa. In Korea results extraordinarily interesting and needy cases ordinarily large have been obtained. have come within the purview of the In Pyeng Yang a building, tho small, two matrons. Those in need of tem- was erected a few years ago, dedicated porary lodgings are cared for in a to the diffusion of the doctrines of the hired house in the Hongo quarter. Myoshinji sect. A large temple has One result of this undertaking has been recently been established, and neg'Otiaa religious quickening among the sta- tions are n'Ow going 'On between this tion officials at observing Christianity new temple and the main temple at

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

Kyoto for the dispatch of a venerable and Rausa also; these are the langu- and learned priest to become the chief ages I understand. The name of my priest of the new temple. The abbot, in country is Gongola. There are cattle Kyoto, desired to send out twenty-five there, and horses, and many things, priests at once. So he dispatched urgent and health as well. If you please, I circulars to various temples and thereby want an answer from you. This is obtained a greater number of priests my crying. I am, SAMU1LA.-Trans- than was needed who exprest a wil- lated in the Sudan United Miss.ion.

lingness to go to Korea. The priests selected are expected to sail the last C! f Hindered by the European War June for Korea and to set to work propagating the teaching of the Zen THE missionaries' of the West Africa sect. This undertaking will be the first Mission of the Presbyterian Board organized work of Zen Buddhism in who were due to leave Africa on fur- Korea. lough, early in August, did not leave AFRICA ,..-/ until August 20th, on account of the war. This party, numbering 16 persons, ON"'The Task and the Toilers' j was unable to leave because they could the whole continent there are get no funds from the bank for their 3,244 missionaries, each with a par- passage money, but on Dr. Weber's ish of 3,6I4 square mileS' and 46,239 presenting the case to the Colonial people. In the heart of Africa there Governor of Kamerun, he very courare 50,000,000 of people-almost one- teously furnished the party with a small third of the continent-not only un- st~amer which took them to Fernando reached but without any existing agency Po, a neutral port. The Governor, behaving their evangelization in contel11- cause he had postponed orders of the platibn so far as any actual projected mission which the Government could plans and hopes are concerned. There not pay on account of the war, gave an are unoccupied areas, the smallest of order to Dr. Weber on the German conwhich is four times the size of the sul at Fernando Po for the amount State of New York. necessary to honor these orders, but the German consul had no government Appeal From a Christian Sudanese money. The consul then telegraphed MY Fathers': Rear ye the account to the Governor of Kamerun for in- of my greeting which I make to structions, and the German Colonial you in the Lord; receive it with pa- Governor asked the Spanish Colonial tience and the faithfulness of the Governor of Fernando Po to advance Lord:-I am Samuila. money with which to pay the passage, Very well, What I beseech the Christ which he did.

for, give ye to me. My heart is kin- A Christian man in Fernando Po, and dling me, kindling me all the time. the superintendent of the English Behold the reason. The Lord hears Primitive Methodist mission, planned my earnest crying to Rim.-Be pleased among themselves to raise the funds to to give life to the people of my send the party on its way if no other country.-If there is help, I am here provIsIon was made. Special note to guide to the place where I was should be made of the extreme courtesy born. There are very, very many and kindness of this superintendent. As people, and different languages in my one of the party said, "Words would country which I understand-Filani. fail to expresS' the gratitude and appre- Kanuri, Maka, Bola, Bura, Habe, Fika ciation of his hospitality."

The Berlin Mission in Africa Better Off, but Not Better THE Berlin Mission has been severely MR. DAN CRAWFORD'S stories hit by the storm, which is devastating from Africa laid hold of the im- agination of the American churches as Europe and other lands. Before the war they did in England. Speaking of the broke out there was especial occasion for natives of Central Africa, he said: thankfulness because the financial troub- "They have copyrighted a phrase. They les of the mission had been greatly alle- say: 'The victory of Golgotha.' That viated. In German East Africa the which was seemingly a colossal defeat, number of schools had also increased they call a victory!" The retort of the African native regarding material greatfrom B9 schools, with 3,395 pupils two ness was as much relished in America as in Britain. It will be remembered years ago to 30r with I4,384 pupih, that the African, after hearing of the This great mission opportunity aroused wonderful achievements and acquirehope that this largest German colony ments of the white man, stolidly remight be saved from Islam into which marked: "To be better-off is not to' be it was drifting. better." Whereupon Mr. Crawford comments: "Build a castle or build a In South Africa about 6,000 baptisms cottage-it is only a tent. We are only took place among the Zulus of Natal, traveling through; and the bigger the and in other territories of the mission pile you pile up, the harder to leave it." during the past year, a much larger number than ever before. War Scenes in Central Africa Nine Years' Progress H ELL is let loose, and no one can BISHOP TUGWELL writes from tell what is going to happen," Niger :-" vVe have paid our first writes Dr. H. E. Wareham, of the London Missionary Society, from Kavisit to Owerri, and have been greatly wimbe, Central Africa, "The Germans imprest by all we have seen. The have enrolled the natives by hundreds, developments which have taken place and encourage them to burn and kill. in the last five years are remarable, etc. The result is, that tho the Starting from Ebu-Owerri as the cen- authorities' here have done all they ter, there have sprung up, under thc could to keep the natives of the country inspiration and leadership of Archdea- out of it, they have been compelled to con Dennis, thirty outlying congrega- call our people out. The Amambwa tions, all self-supporting, The average and Awemba have been told to come attendance on Sunday in connection to the aid of the English, and are with these congregations during the flocking in, delighted to get a chance first six months of the year exceeds to burn and kill. 6,500. Schools have also been opened in nearly every station. "The chief of this part arrived in great form, looking forward to carry- "Before leaving Ebu-Owerri, I con- ing 'fire and sword' into German East firmed on Sunday fifty personS' in the Africa. This is the method he and presence of a congregation of over 900. his people were going to adopt: kill all Eight years ago, I sat one Sunday males above puberty-take the women, morning on a log near the site of the cut off noses, lips, or ears, and use them present church, and, addressing a crowd (the women) as they liked, and kill all of naked heathen, asked them if they the children. would welcome the coming of a Christian teacher. They immediately res- "Kyakonta, this chief, is' a very decent ponded that they _would. That was in ,J the year 1906."

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

man, but this is what war raises in him tion for the purpose of securing econo- and his people." my, comity and efficiency in the service of God in this archipelago." The Union Malaysia and the Islands has made marked progress, and Mr. L. Wilbur Messer, of Chicago, who has T HE recently published 84th annual just returned from the islands, giv:es report of the Rheinische Missions the following report: "There are 160 Gesenschaft, a society which has work evangelical missionaries, and a large in German South Africa, China and number of Filipino helpers. Over Sumatra, states that 219,000 Christians 200 young men are in the schools pre- are enrolled in its various missions, and paring for Christian work. There are six adds: It took 76 years to reach the mission schools exclusively for women; first hundred thousand, and 7 years for 4 boarding schools for boys; 6 mission the second hundred thousand! Su- printing plants; aiid 20 stlJdent dormi. matra has far more than half of the tories. There are 75,000 evangelical total number. . church members, and as many adherents. There is a Young Men's Christian As- Humanly speaking, "the Batakland sociation building for Americans; and would be Mohammedan to-day but for one has been erected for Filipinos, and the Rheinish Mission, and now there another is assured for Filipino students. are 159,000 Batak united in a Christian There is also a very successful army church. There is a so-called Holland- branch at Fort McKinley. There are ish school, where instruction is given in 2 orphanages, 8 hospitals and 20 disthe Dutch language for the education of pensaries in the islands, operated by civil employees. Many young Batak the evangelical missions. There are 6 have great ambition, and want to study. evangelical churches for Filipinos and It is good, therefore, when these p~o­ for Chinese, and 4 for Americans in gressive young men remain under ChrIs- Manila. The American and the British tian influence. In Sumatra also are and Foreign Bible Societies distributed two trade-schools. In them the fol- over lOO,OOO Bibles and Testame"ts last lowing trades are taught: carpentry, year, printed in more than 20 languages locksmith, boatbuilding, bookbindinl!. and dialects." watchmaking, and even dentistry. With one of the trade-schools there is also a CALENDAR OF MEETINGS AND printing plant connected, where an ever- CONVENTIONS increasing literature is printed. January to August, 1915 A large hospital with branches and with a trai111ng-school for native medi- January 3 to 4-Laymen's Missionary cal students and a leper asylum, accom- Movement, Baton Rouge, La. modating several hundred inmates, are among the other activities of this mis- January 5 to 6–Laymen's Missionary sion in Sumatra, many of which must Movement, Crowley, La. be seriously curtailed by the war. January 7 to 8-Laymen's Missionary America's Gift to the Filipinos Movement, Lake Charles, La.

AMONG the many advantages that January 8 (lO.30-12.30)-International Day have come to the inhabitants of the of Prayer for F. M. Federation of Philippines through American rule, none Women's Boards, 1 West 48th St., N. Y. are greater than the establishment of Protestant missions. The Christian Ad- January 10 to ll-Laymen's Missionary vocate tells us that twelve years ago Movement, Beaumont, Texas. there was formed an Evangelical Union of the Philippine Islands, "an organiza- January 12 to 13-Laymen's Missionary Movement, Galveston, Texas.

January 12 to 14 – Foreign Missions Boards' Conference, Garden City, L. I.

January 12 to I4-Home Mission Council August 16-25-City Conference, Asilomar, New York. Cal.

January 14 to 15-Laymen's Missionary August 24-September 3-Y. W. C. A. Con- Movement, Taylor, Texas. ference, Lake Geneva, Wis.

January 15, 16-Triennial Conference of August 24-September 3-Y. W. C. A. Stu- Women's F. M. Board3, Collegiate Re- dent Conference, Estes Park, Colo.

formed Church. N. Y.

January 17 to 18-Laymen's Missionary Movement, Austin, Texas. OBITUARY January 17-Mass Meeting, World Peace and Missions, Central Presbyterian Miss Mary Sharp of Liberia Church, N. Y: 4.30 P. M.

January 17-Missionary Mass. Meeting, A CABLE message from Dr. J. B. Carnegie Hall, New York. Coleman received at New York, an- nounces the death of Miss Mary A. January 19 to 20-Laymen's Missionary Sharp of Monrovia, for more than 35 Movement, Temple, Texas. years an olltstanding figure in African missionary work. As an independent January 21-22-Laymen's Missionary Move- worker among the Kroo people, she ment, Cameron, Texas.

January 24-25-Laymen's Missionary Move- ment, Waco, Texas.

January 26-27-Laymen's Missionary M'Ove- had her own church and school at ment, Corsicana, Texas. Krootown, a suburb of Monrovia.

February 16-18 – Laymen's Missionary Without stated compensation, she gave Movement (Presbyterian C h u r c h, her entire time to the task of Chris- South), Charlotte, N. C. tianizing and educating the natives of February 23-25 – Laymen's Missionary that region, her interest centering :n Movement, Dallas, Texas. June 4-14—Y. M. C. A. Student Confer- lhe boys and girls, with whom she was especially successful. Her own church ence, Blue Ridge, N. C. at Mansfield, Pa., voted her a local June 18-28-Y. W. C. A. Student Confer- preacher's license and she was accus- tomed not only to preach, but in the ence, Silver Bay, N. Y. June 23-July 2-Y. W. C. A. Student Con- ference, Eagles Mere, Pa, absence of the presiding bishop, often June 25-July 4—Missionary Education baptized her converts. Given in her Movement, Blue Ridge, N. C. own words is the story of the church July 2-11-Missionary Education Move- she had built. "I went to Krootown ment, Asilomar, Cal. and engaged some men to put me up a July 9-18-Missionary Education Move- bamboo church. It was to cost $10, ment, Silver Bay, N. Y. and included not only a bamboo frame, July 16-25-Missionary Education Move- but a thatched roof made of palm ment, Estes Park, Colo. leaves, benches of withed-bamboo and a ground floor. After it was done, I July 20-30-Y. W. C. A. City Conference, Silver Bay, N. Y.

July 21-31-Y. W. C. A. City Conference, paid the laborers promptly the sum Blue Ridge, N. C. agreed upon: For some time thereafter July 22-30-Missionary Education Move- whenever I met anyone who couId ment, Ocean Park, Me. speak English I was greeted with the August 6-15-Missionary Education Move- words: 'Tank you mammy. Tank you plenty. You did dem Kroo boys fine.' ment, Lake Geneva, Wis. I had asked the President's wife what August 6-16-Y. W. C. A. Student Con- they meant. 'Oh,' was the reply, 'they expected to be cheated. They thought ference, Asilomar, Cal. of course, that you would give them August 14-23-Y. W. C. A. City Confer- ence, Lake Geneva, Wis. August 13-23-Y. W. C. A. City Confer- ence, Estes Park, Colo. only a few yards of cheap calico.'"

· · · ·····., .;i""

w tIl ………… . ………l BOOKS ON MISSIONS "'«.. ./'

. AND – ! I ": MISSION LANDS …•………..•_….// Life of H. Roswell Bates. By S. Ralph make the 30,000,000 Christians of our Barlow. Illustrated. 12mo. 159 pp. churches ashamed of themselves. $1.00. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, 1914. Mr. Douglas has written a thought- Here is a stirring and inspiring tribute ful, tho not a popular, study book, dealing with the past, present, and to a beloved and self-sacrificing young future home missionary problems of the minister who devoted the last few years American churches. He believes- i'1 of his brief life to the making of Christ the social aim and program for social real in the neighborhood of Spring Street betterment, and from this viewpoint Presbyterian Church, New York City. studies the foreigners, the race problems, Mr. Bates was a very lovable and noble and the social conditions and country dishuman, and his life story is a very tricts, with the various forces and methhumal1 document. He was also a devoted ods at the command of the churches. It is Christian worker and this brief biog- a restatement of the home missionary raphy gives many valuable glimpses of his Christlike social service in the church needs and aims that is worthy or' carewhich he rescued from death and established as a strong neighborhood center. ful study. Two other features of his work are To our mind too much emphasis can worthy of notice-his influence on the college men and women who came to not be placed on the need for socia! work at Spring Street, and the abiding reform and reconstruction, but too little results of his personal touch on students is often placed on individual regeneraat Northfield Conferences and elsewhere. tion. The former may temporarily Mr. Barlow shows his hero at work and take place without the latter but the at play, his humor and his sympathy. latter must produce the former. The life was one that continues. From the Bread Line to the Pulpit. By The New Home Missions. By Harlan Frederic C. Baylis. 12mo, 43 pp. 25 Paul Douglas. Illustrated. 12mo. 266 cents. Fleming H. Revell Co., 1914. pp. 60 cents, cloth. 40 cents, paper. Mis- The stories of "twice-born men" are sionary Education Movement, New York, 1914. always of compelling interest. Here is The principal argument, with any the short account of a man born in Stratford-on-Avon, educated in the element of truth, that can be urged school made famous by William Shakesagainst extensive foreign mission work peare, ruined by strong drink, rescued is the fact that America is still so far in the Bowery Mission, New York, a from Christian. It is not a valid argument but the amount of work still to "cowboy preacher," and now a Methobe done in America before the foreigners, the negroes, the mountaineers, the "dist minister. It is a good book for lumbermen, the slum dweller.s, and young men. others are brought into vital relationship with Christ is great enough to Battling and Building Amongst the Bhils. Illustrated, 12mo., 95 pp. Is., net. Church Missionary Society, London, 1914. The mission to the aboriginal tribes of BhiIs in India is' on the borderland of Rajputana. The anonymous author

has given here a view of the peculiari- 169 pp. 60 cents, net. Westminster ties of this tribe and an excellent ac- Press, Philadelphia, 1914. count of Christian progress among them. The Modernizing of the Orient. By The New Life in China. By Edward W. Clayton Sedgwick Cooper. Illustrated. Wallace, B.D. Illustrated, 12mo., paper. 8vo. 353 pp. $2.00, net. McBride, Nast Is. net. United Council for Missionary & Co., New York, 1914. Education, London, 1914. This bright, up-to-date picture of New The Individual and the Social Gospel.

China makes an excellent popular intro- By Shailer Mathews. 16mo. 84 pp. 25 cents, postpaid. Missionary Education duction to the study of the country, the people, the religions, and the missions. Movement, New York, 1914.

There is a real human interest in the Though War Should Rise. By Mrs. presentation. No one alive to the forces and opportunities of the present can fail Howard Taylor. 16mo. 64 pp. China to be stirred by this story of the present , Inland Mission, London, 1914.

situation in New China. The Vital Forces of Christianity and The Regeneration of New China. By Islam. Six Studies by Missionaries to Nelson Bitton. IIIIustrated, 12mo., 282 pp. 2s., net. United Council for Mis- Moslems, with an Introduction by the sionary Education, London, 1914. Rev. ,S. M. Zwemer, D.D., and a Con- cluding Study by Professor Duncan Black Macdonald. Crown 8vo. 3s. 6d. net ($1.15). Oxford University Press. Lon- don, 1914. • The New Life in China. By E. W. Wal- lace. Is. net. United Council for Mis- sionary Education, London, 1914.

The "Welcome" Photographic Exposure Record and Diary, 1915. Burrough Welcome & Co., New York, 1914.

Mr. Bitton, formerly Assistant Editor PAMPHLETS of the Chinese Recorder, has given us Karen Folk-Lore. An Unwritten Bible. Collected and Annotatrd by Ko San Lone, a valuable study of the conditions and a Christian Karen. Translated into Eng- lish by H. M. N. Armstrong. 31 pp. 3d. problems in China to-day. Emphasis A.B.F.M.S., Rangoon, Burma, 1914.

is placed on the problems of the Chinese Annual Report of the Board of Foreign Missions of the United Presbyterian youth, the religious problem, the social Church of North America, 1914. Con- taining the 55th Annual Report of the problems, the reform movements and the Board, Presented to the General Assembly at New Castle, Pa.; Report of the trend toward Christian unity, training Women's Board to the General Assembly; The 59th Annual Report of the Mission of Chinese leaders, and the problem of in Egypt; the 58th Annual Report of the Mission in India; The 13th Annual Report Chinese Communism. of the Sudan Mission; General Statement of Receipts and Payments, etc., etc. 292 NEW BOOKS pp. Board of Foreign Missions of the United Presbyterian Church, Philadelphia, Wild Woods and Waterways. By Wil- 1914. . liam Chalmers Covert. Illustrated, 12mo. 245 pp. $1.35 net. Westminster Press, Our World-Wide Work. A Survey of Philadelphia, 1914. the Field of the Woman's Board of Mis- sions. Illustrated, 180 liP. Congrega- Sight to the Blind. A Story. By Lucy tional House, Boston, 1914. Furman. Illustrated. 12mo. 92 pp. $1.00, net. Macmillan Co., New York, Isles Afar Off. An Illustrated Handbook 1914. to the Missions of the London Missionary Prince and Uncle Billy. A First Reader in Home Missions. By Charles Lincoln Society in Polynesia. By Rev. George White. Illustrated. 12mo. 146 pp. 75 cents, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New Cousins. 104 pp. 6d. net. London Mis- York, 1914. sionary Society, London, 1914. The Making of Christianity. An Exhibit of Hebrew and Christian Messianic Pioneers. Being Studi~ in Christian Bio- Apocalyptical Philosophy and Literature. By John C. C. Clarke, D.D. 12mo. 423 graphy. Edited for the use of Study pp. The Associated Authors, New York, 1914. Circles in Schools and Colleges. By K. J. Saunders. 164 pp. Association Press A Man and His Money. By Harvey (India), Calcutta, 1914. . Reeves Calkins. 12mo. 367 pp. $1.00, net. Methodist Book Concern, New York, The Nemesis of Armaments. By Charles 1914. Edward Jefferson, D.D. 14 pp. Church Peace Union, 70 Fifth Avenue, New By-Products of the Rural Sunday- York, 1914. school. By J. M. Somerndike. 12mo.

The Missionary Review of the World — June 1914

to the

MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD, JUNE, 1914 TWENTY QUESTIONS ANSWERED IN THIS NUMBER PREPARED BY MRS. F. M. GILBERT, BROOKLYN, N. Y.

I. According to Government reports, what is the economic value of Islam in Africa?

2. For what purpose had the coins in the Sheikh's bag been col- lected?

3· How did the men's secret society in Africa gain prestige? 4· How many physicians had prescribed for the sick Chinese before the missionary doctor was ca11ed in? What missionary prin- ciple does the story illustrate? 5· Why was the representative of the late President Madero sent to the Protestant convention in Mexico? 6. How do the tribes of the Belgian Kongo keep their historical records? 7· On what mission field has Christian cooperation been demon- 'strated in a new and striking way? 8. Where did the Roman Catholic Church in Zanzibar get its statue of the Virgin Mary? 9· How has the microscope furnished an argument for Sabbath observance? 10. At what scene of a massacre of Christians a few years ago is there now a demand for a Y. M. C. A.? II. That was the highest legal tender in Sierra Leone? 12. What parting advice did the Chinese official give to his son when placing him in the mission school? 13· How did the native pastor take the missionary's "dare"? 14· In one tribe of Indians, what has taken the place of the old- time war dance? IS· Thy has the number of Malagasy children in school greatly decreased in recent years? 16. In what university is there a movement now on foot for com- pulsory chapel as a result of an evangelistic campaign? 17· On what occasion were twenty-seven Baltimore pulpits occupied by business men? 18. Where is a $50,000 cathedral being built by a people whose laborers earn fifty cents a day? 19· What was the comment of the Buddhist visitor to the leper asylum in Tokyo? 20. How has Government action in ~hina helped the Sunday-school?

~.

SHEPARD

l:l issionary uf the Presbyterian Board in Syria; Author of "Christian Missions and Sociul Progress," and other volumes; Lecturer on liissions, and Acting Missionary Secretary

Missionary

® of the World ~ Vol. XXXVII, No.6 JUNE, 1914 Vol. XXVII, No. 6 Old Series New Series Signs. of the Times oSTRIFE AND RELIGION IN MEXICO One of the most important factors NLY those who have lived in in the conflicts in all Latin-American Mexico can appreciate the evil countries is the religious question. state of the country and people. Conservatives vs. Radicals, Federal- One word explains much of the ists vs. Constitutionalists also divide moral, political, and physical distress along the line of Clericals ~'s. Libin which they are found-the word erals. ignorance. The vast majority of the Mexicans are ignorant of God, ig- On the clerical side are found the norant of Christian ideals, ignorant of land baron and the priest, who are the best method of civilized govern- interested in keeping the common ment, ignorant of the highest intel- people (peasants or peons) in a polectual culture. They have been gov- sition of subordination and ignorance. erned by a despotic hand; the Roman These religious and political autocrats Catholic Church has never taught fear that the exercise of the right of them to think for themselves, or to private judgment and higher education understand the highest truths; hon- will produce personal independence esty and morality have not been in- and a revolt from the dictation of culcated as rules of life;' the large despotism-religious and political. majority have been kept in poverty and subjection. For these reasons, On the other hand, the Liberals the Mexicans Can not appreciate the recognize that the deplorable conhigh motives that have actuated the dition of the country is due to lack American Government in refusing to of education, to the low condition of recognize a usurper like Huerta as the priesthood, and to the spirit of op- . president of our neighboring republic, pression and intolerance. Liberals nor can they understand any but often go to extremes in heaping ridia selfish reason for wishing to enter cule on the church, and in accusing upon or to avoid a war. all religions of being obsolete relics of a former age. Sometimes, how- ever, they favor Protestantism as the The editors seek to preserve accuracy and to manifest the spirit of Christ in the pages of this REVIEW, but do not acknowledge responsibility for opinions exprest, nor for positions taken by contributors of signed articles in these pages.-EDITORS.

force that may help them combat using their power against the Lib- their opponents, as when President eral Carranza par.ty. By persuading Madero sent a friend to the National the Federal authorities that the Convention of Protestant Workers, Protestants sympathize with their opto ask how the Government might ponents, they are able greatly to help the Protestant movement, and so harass Protestant missionaries. While combat the Clericals. The reason for the present struggle in Mexico is not the defeat of the Liberal candidates a religious war, it has a religious in state elections was the tenacious significance, and the outcome must opposition of the priests, and the influence the future of Christian progremedy suggested was the encourage- ress in that country. ment of Protestantism. Most of the missionaries and The missionaries of Mexico have other Americans have left the terristedfastiy endeavored to keep out of tory controlled by Huerta, but some politics, and have been well aware of still remain at their posts. It is earnthe dangers of accepting help from estly hoped that no war will be deany political party. For that reason clared between Mexico and the Uni- Mr. Madero's friend was told at the ted States. In spite of all affronts to convention that all Protestantism national dignity and injury to Ameriwanted from the Government was a can interests, it is the part of moral strict' enforcement of the Reform and physical strength to suffer much Laws-laws edited by Mexico's rather than to use that strength to greatest Liberal, Benito Juarez. cause suffering to others less favored. Protestant missionary work is con- Pray for peace founded on righteousstructive, not destructive; it is spiri- ness and Christian love. tual, not political. The greatest possible calamity would be for people to THE SOME RESULTS IN GUATEMALA regard Protestantism as akin to an republics of Central America anti-Catholic masonic order, or for are among the most difficult misthe missions to receive a great num- sion fields in the world. The people ber into the church with the idea of are so on pleasure bent, many are so augmenting the forces against Cleri- ignorant and poor, and have seen calism. such an unfavorable type of Chris- tianity, that they are indifferent. The present struggle is a continua- There are, however, signs of progtion of the same old conflict, with ress. Comparing the early days of new leaders, and the sympathy of the Presbyterian Mission in Guate- Protestantism naturally falls on the mala with the present, one of the side of those who are friendly to re- most noteworthy results is the deform and progress. The number of crease of fanaticism and opposition to Protestant officials in the Madero Protestants. More than half the Revolutionary army, and afterward population of Guatemala is made up in the Administration, was one of the of pure-blooded Indians, and the remost noticeable things in that move- sults of work among them, and in ment. The Roman Catholic priests, the hospital, the girls' school, and the however, are naturally on the side of mission press are most encouraging. the Huerta Government, and are

OF THE

The most striking results are in the est of the church, in proportion changed lives of the people and the to its need. improvement in the standards of morality. The old idea that a Chris- 3. Offerings presented as an act of tian belief has little or nothing to do worship each Lord's Day. with a Christian life is fading away. The saints have at last jumped out 4. These gifts secured by a perof their niches in the churches and sonal every-member canvass are sitting in the pews, listening, every year. singing, praying, and going out into the world to live holy lives. This is In preparation for this systematic the latest "miracle.'" An appeal for method, the "Budget Plan" has been prayer has been issued by the Guate- adopted, fixing the amount required malan Mission to the Presbyterian for the support of each Board and Church in the United States and ends agency of the church, and presenting with these words : "You have asked the needs as a whole and not as rival for results. God has given them. interests and responsibilities. In or- Here they are. Vhat is your decision der that these Budgets might be fixt about this ripening crop? Neglect by common consent, a joint Executive now will lose it." Commission was appointed, com- posed of the Moderator, two mem- A UNITED MOVEMENT bers of the Executive Commission, and three representatives of the nine MISSIO"NARY statesmanship is Boards of the church. As a result, each presbytery and synod has ap- increasingly evident in the con- pointed a special committee, and there duct of the missionary campaign. is a general united movement through- This does not mean less reliance upon out the entire church. A campaign the Spirit of God to produce results, of publicity has been conducted, manbut more diligent study of the situ- uals for leaders and other pamphlets ation and resources, and more earn- have been distributed, charts have est and consistent effort to use these been made, and other supplies have resources to best advantage. been furnished to make the campaign effective. The denominational press One of the features of the new has also cooperated, so that the atmissionary statesmanship is the plan tention of the church has been intelto distribute the responsibility over ligently and sympathetically directed the whole church, and to enlist every toward the Every-Member Canvass. member in the support of the work. Business and religion have combined Last year the General Assembly of to make the plan a success. The the Presbyterian Church" adopted a Christian duty and privileges have program for an "every-member can- been emphasized, as well as the finanvass" in each church throughout the cial responsibility, and the whole denomination. This includes: campaign has assumed an educational aspect. The aim has been to lead I. An offering from every mem- every church-member, old and young, ber according to his or her abil- first to look on the whole field, then ity. to examine personal resources and 2. Gifts distributed to every inter-

ability, and then to look to God for opiufn, which has done to inj ure the guidance as to debt and duty and Chinese what whisky has done for God-given opportunity. 10 effort has other races. The fight is also on in been made to bring pressure to bear Cermany and Russia against intoxiupon individuals or on churches to cants, and from the Canadian provmeet required apportionmcnts. The ince of Ontario comes the word that appeal has been made to their intel- thousands of the younger members ligent cooperation and their spirit of of the Conservative party· are signlove and loyalty to Christ. ing petitions addrest to the provin- cial government asking for the aboli- The results of this method, bo1.h tion of all saloons and bar licenses. financial and spiritual, are already The agitation is being carried on by evident. One church. of about five the Ontario Young Manhood Assohundred members that substituted the ciation, an organization formed last every-member plan for pew rents ten fall with the brief but sufficient sloyears ago reports that the current ex- gan; "::0 booze." pense receipts have doubled, and recently the introduction of weekly In America the growth of the propledges for benevolences has 11- hibition movement can, perhaps, best creased the gifts 500 per cent. An- be realized in the statement that alother church in Illinois adopted the ready 47,000,000 live in territory every-member canvass with the result from yhich liquor has been banished that gifts to benevolences were multi- by the sovereign will of the people. plied by three, and the receipts for The action of Secretary Daniels in local expenses were doubled. banishing strong drink from the "offi- cers' rness" in the ~avy, and the effort all Similar reports have come from of the Commissioner of Indian Af- fairs to protect the Red .Man from churches over the country. The whisky, indicate the growing sentiment plan is evidently of God. He places in official circles. The Christian Enno premium on slipshod methods, but deavor Societies have announced as caUs on His disciples to use the best their slogan, "A Saloonless N atioll that they have in talents, in judg- by 1920." Tremendous opposition is at ment, and in energy, to advance His work, but the liquor interests are find- Kingdom. ing out that the whole Church is be- comiag· increasingly aroused to the THE FIGHT AGAINST ALCOHOL evils of the drink traffic, ancl that even big business is lending a hand 'T' HIS is aCnrdra~vntsof worId-move- in the enterprise of banishing the of thought saloon from Christian lands. 1 ments. BYTHE OUTLOOK IN TURKEY sweep from one nation to another, degrees the Turks are beginning to understand the meaning of the and the whole world, as n.:ver before, new national ideals. The lesson has been costly, and while they have been seems to think as one. The efforts learning a large part of their earthly for constitutional government in vari- ous countries, and the woman's movement are one sign of this, but nothing is 1110re striking than the stand that is being made against alco- hol, a tendency which, in China, takes the form of a struggle against

possessions have been taken from themselves believed to be divine. them. The Young Turks are III con- But with the cry of "Back to Motrol of the GoYernment, and a new hammed" and "Back to the Koran," parliament has recently assembled. so often heard among young Mo- An effort is being made to bring or- hammedan reformers, there is a der out of chaos, ana to bind the dif- growing tendency to make the sacred ferent parts of the Empire together book accessible to the multitudes of by railroads, commerce, education, JIoslems to 'Wh0111 Arabic is an unand other improvements. known tongue. Of this Ahmed Effendi Aghaieff writes in the]cunc-Turc: There are vast and astonishing changes noticeable in the past ten "vVe must show the people that it years-especially in f r e e d 0 m of is possible to reach at once the speech and travel. The danger is authcntic foundations of our rethat men may swing to the extreme ligion. First in rank of these is the of license. Rulers and judges are Koran. Till now the ordinary Turk questioned and criticized by the most read this, committed it to memory, ignorant, and in some districts, as in said his prayers and had his C0111- Bitlis, there has been anarchy and re- 1l1l1nion with God, absolutely without volt. Vith the lessening of race understanding the sense and content prej udice there is also a weakening of of what he read or prayed. Naturreligious conviction and a seculariza- ally his readings and prayers made tion of life. This is a transition pe- no such impression on his heart and riod for Turkey, and the need for soul as "'e should expect from the positive Christian teaching can not be reading of a holy book and the recitoverestimated. ing of a prayer. Reading and prayer were both mechanical; here was one The people of Turkey are at last of the principal causes of the imawakening to their needs and are potence of religion as an educational crowding forward to receive an edu- force, and this obstacle must be recation. The mission schools and col- moved." leges are full to overflowing. Anatolia College, for instance, has It is this thought of the need of doubled in enrolment in the last five the people for a Sacred Book in the years, and Turks are coming in in- yernacular that has led to the transcreasing numbers. Their religion lation of the Koran into Turkish. will, no doubt, be the last citadel that the Turks will yield to Christianity, It was found, however, that the but there are signs that even this is translation of the Koran created weakening. The forms and fables of skepticism among Turks, as readers Islam and of Oriental Christianity discovered so many incongruities and. must finally yield to the Ii fe and falsehoods that they questioned its truth of the Son of God. inspiration. As a result the Ottoman Government has seen best to stop IPOPULAR EDITION OF THE KORAN this enterprise and has ordered all N the eyes of orthodox ::Ioslems copies of the parts so far issued COI1- any translation of the Kor3.n is {]scatcd and destroyed. sacrilege, for the Arabic words art: The Turk is being disillusioned rapidly, and the time is coming when

he will see himself in the true light. means great sacrifice and princely Meanwhile the Scriptures have been giving. The chiefs have undertaken circulated far and wide among all to give 40 per cent. of their rents classes of people in the empire, and for three years. many Turks are reading the Bible. vVhen religious freedom becomes a Could not the Church at home reality, many will no doubt come out learn much from the dark-skinned and confess Jesus Christ as Savior Baganda? and Lord. THE EVANGELISTIC CAMPAIGN IN MOVING CHRISTWARD IN UGANDA T JAPAN MASS movements toward Chris- HE evangelistic movements start- tianity are reported by Bishop ed and carried through by the churches and missions in Japan have Willis to be going on at four or five often resulted in large accessions of different centers in Uganda. At converts. But these have been local, Kavirondo, in British East Africa, of short duration, and have been unthere are 500 catechumens preparing dertaken generally by one denominafor baptism, and 3,000 under regular tion. On March 1st, however, an instruction. The Roman Catholics evangelistic movement was inaugurahad said that one might as well try ted to reach all parts of Japan, and to convert a sheep as get hold of a to continue for three years. All the Kavirondo ! There are now about churches, with few exceptions, and 200,000 Baganda connected with the nearly all the missions in Japan will Church of England missions. The participate. The objects of this evantotal popUlation is 3,700,000. gelistic campaign are to bring about a deeper and more practical experi- Where 25 years ago there was one ence of the life of Christ in the inchurch in Uganda, there are now dividual, resulting in more earnest .over 1,200. Some 2,800 African efforts to lead others to the Savior, Christians, supported by the native and a more widespread presentation Church, are engaged in the pastoral of the gospel to the whole nonand educational and evangelistic work Christian community. in the diocese. Forty have been ordained and are ably taking charge In the work of evangelization two of thousands of. African adherents, groups of workers are organized, communicants, and scholars. In composed of preachers and laymen. Christian-giving the Uganda Church The sum of 50,000 yen ($25,000) is has been wisely trained. They sup- to be raised from among Japanese port their own clergy and catechists; and foreign friends by the Continuapay for their own elementary educa- tion Committee of Japan. Dr. John tion, build their own schools and R. Mott has repeatedly exprest his churches, helped only by occasional personal conviction that Japan is as gifts from the home Church. Toward ripe to-day for such an effort as at the building of their new cathedral any period in her history. Let Christhey have undertaken to raise $50,000. tians everywhere remember to pray The daily wage of a laborer is about daily for this great interdenominafive cents, so that the undertaking tional, inter-racial forward movement in Japan.

A MOHAMMEDAN RELIGIOUS ORDER OF WEST AFRICAN NEGROES IN FREETOWN

A Moor from Fez. Morocco. is seated in the center of the front row Mohamnledanism in West Africa * BY REV. RAYMOND P. DOUGHERTY, SIERRA LEONE, WEST AFRICA Principal of Albert Academy, Freetown, Sierra Leone III ISLAM was first ship of Mohammed, thirteen cen- pre a c h e d by the turies ago founded a mighty religious Prophet of Arabia a empire, now numbering at least two little over six hundred hundred million adherents. years after the birth of Christ. The Koran, Africa, on account of its proximity written in classical Arabic, is its sa- to the Arabian peninSUla, soon felt cred book, and its fundamental the influence of this new faith. The creed proclaims the unity of God and followers of Mohammed rapidly con- the apostleship of Mohammed. quered North Africa, and then Prayer, almsgiving, fasting, and pil- crossed over into Spain, where Moorgrimage to Mecca are the cardinal ish civilization flourished undisturbed duties imposed upon those who ac- for five centuries. This flow of Moscept Mohammedanism; but slavery, lem advance into Europe was due to concubinage, polygamy, and divorce the geographical barriers of the inin their worst forms are allowed. terior of Africa. For a long time Islam, in reality, is a mixture of the utmost limit of Islam in ;Vest Arab heathenism with certain Jewish Africa was Morocco. and Christian elements. Such a compromise was suited to the tribes In the central portion of the West of the desert, who, under the leader- African coast is the Guinea district, a tropical region facing the sea for over 3,500 miles, from eleven degrees • The writer is indebted to Rev. J. A. Me.nard, agent of the British and Foreign Bible Society, for valuable infoQllation used in this artide.-R. P. D.

north latitude to sixteen degrees rivers. Islam owes its early expan- south latitude. Upper Guinea, lying sion south of the Sahara to several north of the equator and almost great and aggressive Sud an e s e parallel with it, is ,made up of those peoples. Powerful ?1a~dingo, Hausa, districts formerly known as grain and Fulah kingdoms were established.

coast, ivory coast, gold coast, slave In the main the religion of Mecca coast, and brass coast, but to-day was extended forcibly rather than marked on the map as British, peaceably, for Islam enjoins wars of French, German, and Portuguese de- subjugation or extermination against pendencies. The only exception is unbelievers. On this account there Liberia, an independent negro re- were at times strong reactions of public of American origin. The most heathenism against }Iohammeclanism.

wonderful physical feature of this The Bambara tribe, for instance, whole region is the mighty Niger driven by Mohammedan inroads, River, which rises in the uplands just founded a heathen kingdom which rt- northeast of Sierra Leone, flows to sisted Moslem aggression for three the edge of the Sahara desert, and hundred years. But the prepon- then descends, with many a majestic derating influence of Islam in the curve, to. the Atlantic Ocean. Sudan gradually pushed its emis- Upper Guinea is bounded on the saries farther southward, until they north by the Sudan, beyond which finally reached the tribes along the stretches the Sahara desert, and on the Atlantic coast. Here they are now south by the Atlantic Ocean. There carrying on an active propagal;lda.

are thus two main avenues of ap- On the other hand, it was not un- proach to this portion of West Afri- til the middle of the fifteenth cen- ca-the surging waves which lave its tury that European mariners became shores and the burning sands which bold enough to traverse the ocean lie beyond its hinterland. To the route to 11est Africa. Their ex- ancients, the ocean was an untried plorations led to the establishment of passageway and the desert an 1m- Portuguese, French, British, and passable barrier. German trading centers, which ulti- It is practically within the con- mately developed into colonies. The fines of Upper Guin~a that Islam is first Christian missionaries in West at present most rapidly extending its Africa were Portuguese Jesuits, and A frican domain. Mohammedanism during the latter part of the fifteenth, has penetrated Central and Southern the whole of the sixteenth, and the Africa, but has thus far made no ap- beginning of the seventeenth cel1- preciable impression upon that part ~ turies they alone sought the conver- of Vest Africa which is south of the sion of Africans. To-day, no re- equator. sults of their labors can be found.

At the close of the tenth century a Modern Christian missions in 'vVest drift of population began from North Africa date from the beginning of the Africa toward the Sudan, and as a nineteenth century, when the Protes- result Moslem caravans wended their tant Christians of England and way across the desert to the tribes America awoke to their great oppor- dwelling along the Senegal and Niger tunity. The past one hundred years

MOHAMMEDANISM IN WEST AFRICA 40C

have been noteworthy for increasing that of the Isthmus of Panama.

effectiveness in bringing the Bible and Freetown, the capital, is located its blessings to many .negro tribes. where the broad mouth of the Sierra To-day, as never before, Islam is Leone River joins the ocean, at the Christianity's great rival in West Af- base of rugged, verdant mountains.

rica. The struggle between these two It was founded in 1787 as a home for faiths for the spiritual domination of England's freed slaves, and has Africa's backward peoples is at once grown from a small trading center to stupendous and momentous. We see a busy metropolis containing about that the initial step toward this con- 40,000 inhabitants, largely made up of flict was the arrival of Moslems from the descendants of liberated Africans North Africa. Borne on the ships of and native tribes. The passenger on the desert, they appeared as messen- a modernly equipped steamer gliding gers from afar. Islam immediately majestically into the harbor views a took possession of what was later to densely built city, surrounded with be a mighty battleground between the intense tropical beauty. The old followers of the Crescent and the colonial fort forms the foundation of heralds of the Cross. Mohammedans the governor's residence. A railway advanced their cause by a vigorous takes its start at a pretentious depot, military program, and a gradual fil- and wends its way far into the in- tering penetration southward. This terior.

process lasted for centuries, .and when In this wide territory of the Sierra the first Christian missionaries ar- Leone Protectorate the past has wit- rived on the ships of the sea, they nessed a movement of tribes from the found not only Islamized Africans northeast toward the Atlantic coast.

but an Africanized Islam. The roots Doubtless the expansion of popUla- of this reI i g ion have now so tion in the Sudan had something to thoroughly ramified West Africa that do with this. Another determining the tree of Islam, tho not indigenous, factor was the supply of salt. Peoples has become fully adapted to its new dwelling along the Niger obtained salt surroundings. The application of the from the deposits in the Sahara, one ax of Christianity to this tree is of the main contributors to Timbttc- proving one of the most difficult tu's greatness being its trade in the tasks of evangelization. salt bars of Taudeni. As tribes were I.lam in Sierra Leone prest southward by economic and poli- tical conditions, they found salt more The British colony and protectorate difficult to obtain. News of a place of Sierra Leone present typical con- where salt might be freely obtained ditions for the study of Islam in from water caused a more vigorous West Africa. The colony has an movement toward the sea. Possibly area of approximately 250 square some of the small tribes along the miles, with a population of 75,500, coast of Sierra Leone owe their while the protectorate has an area of dwindling condition to this pressure 25,000 square miles, with a popula- from the interior.

tion of 1,325,000. The latitude of The tribes now residing in the pro- Sierra Leone is about the same as tectorate of Sierra Leone may, there-

for~, be divided into two classes, fore the modern period of pacificanamely, native tribes and invading tion, tribes fought with one another tribes. There are six native tribes, for slaves, as men in other lands numbering 650,000. These are 90 have fought for gold. At times, too, to 100 per cent. pagan. Not one of a Moslem Mahdi reared his standard them is more than IO per cent. Mo- for the advancement of Islam, and hammedan. There are eight large Sierra Leone felt the impress of some and several less important invading of these fanatical warriors. tribes which, in part, are strictly Mo- hammedan. Wit h a numerical The strength of Islam in the pro- strength of 675,000, they slightly out- tectorate of Sierra Leone must not be number the native tribes. According reckoned from a mere numerical to approximate figures taken from re- viewpoint. Few of the third-of-a- cent government estimates, the people million Mohammedans well scattered of the protectorate of Sierra Leone throughout the territory can read or are three-fourths pagan, and one- understand the Koran. It is enough fourth Mohammedan. In round num- to pronounce a few prayers in Ara-. bers there are I,OOO,OOO pagans and bic, for God, they think, will recog- 3oo,oQo Mohammedans. A few tribes nize and answer petitions, even if are from I to 2 per cent. Christian. they are unintelligible to the petition- ers. This gives some clue as to the That which is of most significance actual hold of Islam upon the inner is the fact that the present status of life of the peoples of West Africa. Islam among Sierra Leone tribes is due to the gradual invasion of The writer, while taking a journey peoples already strongly Mohamme- through the protectorate of Sierra dan rather than to the extensive con- Leone, came to a small town close to version of the old aboriginal tribes. a river. Here he found a mosque, built This invasion was accompanied by the of hardened mud walls, with a grass clash of savage warfare and the en- roof, and standing a little aside from slavement of vanquished communities, the other huts. Entrance being gained for, in the primitive economic sys- after the removal of shoes, he found tem of the time, slaves comprised the inside a plain earthen fioor, marked most valuable asset of those in power. by slight parallel grooves several feet The monetary table of the jungle apart. Animal skins were spread could be stated as follows: So many here and there, and at the front of sea-shells or similar insignificant ob- the room was a vestibule-like pulpit. jects equal a chicken; so many chick- There was a small separate room for ens equal a goat or sheep; so many female worshipers. The simplicity of goats or sheep equal a cow; so many this crude Moslem temple in the cows equal a slave. The slave was heart of an African forest is not to the highest legal tender, and he was be derided, but the sterility of its a medium of exchange that could be ritual can not be ignored. When the easily transformed into work. The muezzin sends his piercing call to intrinsic value of slaves jumped con- prayer echoing loudly through the siderably when the markets of the forest village, the faithful leave their world were opened to them. So, be- primitive homes and enter the mosque to bow down to a Supreme Being of

MOHAMMEDANISM IN WEST AFRICA

whom they have only the barest con- tises of Islam. Comparatively few ception, to utter prayers which are are ignorant of the fact that there is s imp I y articulations, and to go such a religion as Mohammedanism. through postures which are mere for- Arabic expressions like "Peace be malities. Prayers are recited not only unto you" and "In the name of Alin the mosques, but many strict Mo- lah" are in common usage, and many hammedans construct prayer-grounds who still retain their heathen beliefs outside their dwellings. The earth is have some conception of the Moslem leveled and bordered with stones. creed. Thousands of people in Sierra A MOSLEM SCHOOL IN FREETOWN, WEST AFRICA Often it is possible to see Moslem Leone could immediately become Mobelievers with knees upon well-worn hammedans, in the African sense, if animal skins praying in these public they so desired. Were Christianity as places. One can not but admire this well known in Sierra Leone as Islam, devotion and at the same' .time regret the people would be practically evanthat it is displayed in behalf of a gelized, tho not Christianized. Why faith that has done so little to uplift has not Islam, with its low standards, the human race. gathered all these pagans within its fold long ago? Possibly their natural Another phase of the situation must apathy to change in religious beliefs be taken into account. While a mil- keeps them from taking the step from lion people in Sierra Leone are paganism to Mohammedanism, tho counted as pagans, they, for the most it is but a step. Maybe, with a keener part, know of the claims and prac-

insight than is usually credited them, are written upon pieces of paper to they realize that Islam offers little be carried about or fastened to the more than they already have. walls of houses; others are sewed ill small square encasements of leather Nevertheless, the entire conversion to be worn on different parts of the of Sierra Leone to Islam is a goal body. Their purpose is to ward off which Mohammedans are striving to sickness, evil, and danger. A comreach, but they must have recourse to mon remedy for diseases already new tactics. The day of forceful ex- existing is prepared by writing a few pansion is past; inter-tribal warfare is Arabic sentences upon a smooth quickly quelled; the slave trade has board. The inscription is carefully been abolished; England's s t ron g washed off, and the resulting liquid hand has produced a condition of is sold as medicine. A piece of moist peace and quiet government; so that cotton used in erasing the writing is Islam is restricted to persuasive regarded as especially efficacious. In rather than coercive methods in the this manner the Mohammedan mispropagation of its faith. sionary, or Mori man, as he is styled by the natives, appeals to the super- Moslem Missionaries stitious fears of the people, and at the same time gains a livelihood. It is hard to know how many active emissaries of Islam are laboring in After he has established his repu- Sierra Leone, for they receive neither tation as a man of superior knowlauthority nor support from any Mos- edge, he starts a school by gathering lem missionary organizations. The boys of various ages about him in his procedure of a Mohammedan mis- house or yard, where he teaches them sionary is generally as follows: With a superficial knowledge of Arabic. turbaned brow, flowing gown, and He makes his own books by writing sandaled feet he enters an African the lessons upon smooth boards with community, where his dignified garb a reed pen dipt in ink, which can be and superior bearing at once create a washed out when one lesson must be deep impression. If he belongs to an replaced by another. The only thing alien tribe, such as Fulah or Man- required of scholars is mastery in dingo, still his dark color shows that pronunciation and intonation. The he is affiliated with the negro race. Arabic alphabet is first learned, then By physical constitution and kmg cus- combinations of letters, and, finally, tom he is capable of adapting himself portions of the Koran. Even the to the most primitive conditions, and most advanced students pay attenhe possesses the great advantage of tion to forms and sounds rather than understanding the black man's lan- to meanings. One of these Moslem guage, mode of thought, and manner teachers informed me that it was of life. necessary for a student of the Koran to be able to recite the whole of it His first step toward gaining an in- from beginning to end before he fluence over the people is by making would be taught the meaning of a sinand selling cabalistic charms, fetish- gle portion. As few Africans get like amulets. and magical remedies. beyond the utterance of several Ara- These generally consist of Arabic formulas taken from the Koran. Some

MOHAMMEDANISM IN WEST

bie prayers, it is easy to see that Mo- the fonowers of Mohammed are in- hammedans who understand their creasing III countries like Sierra own religion are limited in number. Leone.

The making of so-called preventivt: The Requirements of "lam and curative charms seems to be re- But what does Islam require of its garded a greater accomplishment than African converts? Very mea g e r ability to interpret the 'Koran. This changes take place in the transition reveals Islam's point of emphasis in from heathenism to Mohammedanism.

West Africa. Old practises are allowed, while a few Next, the Mohammedan missionary new ones are imposed. The first step links himself with local families by of a pagan toward the faith of Mecca ties of marriage. As his -wives in- is the wearing of Moslem charms, crease in number his wealth and tho the acceptance of Arabic amulets prominence are enlarged. He be- does not necessarily imply the cast- comes a fixture in the community, ing away of heathen fetishes. The and contributes to the growth 01 second step is the observance of cer- Islam by begetting many children. tain festivals, which appeal to the Af- Sooner or later he assumes political rican's love of feasting and dancing.

leadership, and takes a hand in tribal The third and most rigorous step in- matters. Sly intrigue and dark plots cludes regularity in prayers, keeping are sometimes resorted to for the sake the fast, and abstaining from pork of gaining control of affairs. A Mo- and alcohol, first openly, then en- hammedan's supreme aim in a town tirely. Here there is a strong appeal is to become the chief's intimate ad- to the African's inherent tendency to- vis~r, for, by holding a chief sub- ward formal ceremonies and the re- servient to his wishes, he can rule a cognition of certain things as taboo.

whole chiefdom. Islam's sway over Many Africans are little beyond the the land is largely strengthened by first two steps, being dilatory with re- chiefs who have become Moslems. gard to praying, fasting, and abstain- Of course, the Mohammedan mis- ing from alcohol.

sionary is assiduous in the perform- Thus Islam does not subvert ance of his religious duties. He re- heathenism in West Africa, but uses peats his prayers ·regularly and pub- it as ~ foundation for its own relig- licly, never omitting the necessary ab- ious structure. The African need lutions. The fast of Ramadan is not drop any of the distinctive habits kept with 'all rigor, and in some cases and customs of his animistic cult in the pilgrimage is made to Mecca. In order to become a Moslem. Polyga- his social intercourse with the people my, witchcraft, slavery, and even can- he takes occasion to speak of his re- nibalism, may be indulged in as be- ligion, so that, while he makes no ef- fore. In reality, the negro puts on fort to preach Islam in a systematic the gown of Islam not to get rid of way, his example and personal work his evil practises, nor even to hide count for much. All these acts are them, but rather to dignify them, if capable of producing a profound im- possible.

pression upon the African's untutored In the small colony of Sierra Leone mind. It is not surprizing, then, that on the coast we find more startling

A STONE MOSQUE IN FREETOWN, WEST AFRICA statIstics at hand concerning the traders, artisans, and clerks from the growth and influence of Islam. The colony into the interior, and at the following percentages are computed same time caused an accelerated flow from accurate government censuses: of Mohammedans and pagans from the protectorate to Freetown, where. Total population 1881 1911 there is a great demand for ordinary Christians 60,500 75,500 manual labor. Attractive positions Mohammedans and commercial opportunities have Pagans 650/0 520/0 drawn many educated Christians 90/0 150/0 from Sierra Leone to other West Af- 260/0 330/0 rican colonies, while hundreds of Syriapo uriven from French Guinea During this period of thirty years by heavy taxation, have, during the Christians have little more than held last ten years, added to the Mohamtheir own in numbers, while Moham- medan population of Freetown and medans have increased more than 100 its environs. per cent., and pagans more than 50 per cent. The combined gain of Mo- Still, these mitigating circumstances hammedans and pagans was nearly do not change the rapidly growing 15,000, which equals the total growth Moslem element which must be faced of population in thirty years. in the colony of Sierra Leone. Free- town has five well-built mosques and Several facts must be given in ex- five Mohammedan schools, the latter planation of these figures. The estab- under direct government support and lishment of the railway fifteen years supervision. Aside from these govago and the subsequent development of the protectorate produced an emigration of nearly 3,000 Christian

ernment schools, in which Arabicedu- is growing more rapidly in centers cation is supplemented by English along the west coast of Africa than studies, there are many ordinary Mo- in interior districts. Another striking hammedan schools conducted as in illustration of this is Lagos, the capi- the protectorate. Inasmuch as there tal and main seaport of Nigeria, are no Christian schools supported where Mohammedans increased 60 entirely by the Government, Islam in per cent. in ten years. There is, a sense receives an official aid and however, a marked decrease in the sanction. This is naturally produc- ratio of Moslem population as we tive of a social standing and political proceed along the continent from assurance which are enhanced by Senegal to the equator. growing numbers. Mohammedan re- ligious orders, or brotherhoods, are Official statements are not wanting well organized in the city of Free- concerning the growth and economic , town. Arabs and Moors occasionally value of Islam in West Africa. Of visit the colony, and sometimes re- particular interest are the following main fo~ long periods. A Sheikh words of the Governor-General of from Mecca recently spent several French West Africa: "It is difficult weeks in Freetown. These intimate to determine whether Islam, as a ruie, relations with the central Moslem is in a state of growth. One notices world can not help arousing Moham- in certain respects a sensible regres- medan enthusiasm and aggression. sion, due to the suppression of sla- very, in the valley of the Niger, for It seems generally true that Islam example. On the other hand, one A HUT-LIKE MOSQUE IN THE INTERIOR OF SIERRA LEONE PROTECTORATE

notices in other countries a certain Dr. Frederick Starr, professor of development of Islam due to the work Anthropology in Chicago University, of Mohammedan priests and to the who has traveled in several West negro's spirit of imitation." African countries, testifies to the fact that he never saw a Mohammedan The Sierra Leone Government Cen- town that was better than a pagan sus Report says: "Mohammedanism town, and that the apparent su- is making steady progress in this col- periority of certain tribes which have ony, and the same feature is evident embraced Islam is due to racial in the protectorate also, and the rea- qualities rather 'than to the religion sons for this progress are not hard to adopted. seek, viz.: Mohammedanism recog- nizes polygamy and is, therefore, con- These few testimonies are sufficient genial to the aboriginal natives' own to indicate the worthlessness of marriage customs, and a convert to Islam as an uplifting force in West the religion is not thereby alienated Africa. It is proving a hindrance' from his tribal life." rather than a help to the enlighten- ment of the people. Whatever adapt- The economic value of Islam is ability it has to the primitive tribes clearly set forth by the Lieutenant- of the Dark Continent springs from Governor of French Dahomey, as fol- its appeal to their heathen beliefs and lows: "The Mohammedans of Da- practises. Instead of being a preparhomey do not give themselves to the atory step to a higher civilization, it cultivation of the soil. Islam has not produces a more stubborn resistance introduced any new industry. It is to to the gospel and its benefits. His- be noted, however, that Mohammedans tory reveals that Islam has brought give themselves to the work of dye- about a retrograde condition in those ing with indigo and other vegetable countries where it has prevailed the colors indigenous in the regions of the longest. Thus Arabia, before it came north, but this industry already ex- under the sway of Mohammedanism, isted before their coming. Where was far more populous and prosperthey settle they build, after the man- ous than it is now. ner of the occupying race, without any modification of architecture. Mo- Christianity's great task is to save hammedans give themselves mainly to Africa from the fate of Arabia. This the selling of imported European can best be done by appealing directly wares. They do not contribute to to the humanity of the people through the development of natural resources." medical and industrial work, by mak- ing use of their susceptibility to train- With respect to the sanitary pre- ing and education, and, above all, by vention of disease, an official report building the structure of Christian from the German colony of Togo life and progress upon the foundationstates: "The pagan trusts in the stone of their inherent religious sense. power of his fetish to prevent sick- Going forward with all these agencies ness and epidemic, while the Moham- under the guidance of the Holy medan seeks to keep them away Spirit, the soldiers of the Cross can through his amulet, furnished by an rest assured that ultimate victory will Imam or Malam. The one helps as be theirs. little as the other."

A United Front In Mission

A PLEA FOR UNITY AND COOPERATION IN. BEHALF OF THE WORLD'S EVANGELIZATION* BY REV. JAMES H. FRANKLIN, D.D., BOSTON Foreign Secretary of the American Baptist Foreign Missionary Society NE of the most glorious we of the West should be ashamed to present the holy Church of Christ IOl developments of the to the Chinese as broken." It is foreign field is the in- natural that under such conditions as creasing desire among these the Chinese should express both foreign mission- some restlessness. Let us imagine aries and native Chris- ourselves members of that great race. tians for a larger measure of Chris- If we were Chinese, living in China, tian unity and practical cooperation. how should we like to be known as In spite of our different names, we members of the Northern Baptist Christians are one in hrotherhood, Church of America in China, or of one in discipleship to a common the Dutch Ref 0 r m e d Church of Master, and one in a desire that we America in China, or of the Scotch shall not present our Lord to the Presbyterian, or the Canadian Methnon-Christian world as a divided odist, or the German Lutheran? Is Christ. it fair to require the non-Christian world to find its way to Jesus Christ In Fehruary, 1913, in a conference through the history of our schisms, which I attended at Canton, China, a many of which were occasioned by robust medical missionary stood and civil strife or political developments said: HI plead for a united front. or theological controversies, or some- Recently I was the twelfth physician thtng else in which the Chinese and sent for by a Chinese who was ill, the others are not concerned? eleven others being native doctors. Each doctor had given the sick man a Who is responsible? Of course, different prescription, and he did not the other denomination is always reknow which to take. I make a plea sponsible; I am perfectly willing to for a united front." Having made have unity, and I pray that the other his point, he sat down. A Chinese people may see the truth-the truth pastor stood up and said: "In my as God has given it to me! Some city there are five different transla- weeks ago it was reported that a tions of the Bible, and the differences gentleman from America approached make a great deal of trouble." He, a representative of the Greek Church. too, had made his point in a brief The representative of that ancient word. A veteran missionary arose body said simply: "It is necessary to be and said: "The Church is the mani- Orthodox; we are Orthodox, and festation of Christ among men, and • An address delivered at the Seventh International Student Volunteer Convention, Kansas City, on January 3, 1914.

there is nothing for others to do but near the stern of the vessel, and the to become Orthodox also." Unfor- beam of light across the water from tunately, that is the attitude of more the rising moon fell full at my feet.

than one body. Nor is such an at- The liner dashed on, but the path of titude unnatural. All denominations light continued to fall at my feet. I can justify their existence, and in moved forward, but the ribbon of good conscience. Their distinctive clearest illumination followed me.

views are precious to them, and the Had experience not taught me other- larger bodies, however ancient or suc- wise, I might have believed that I, cessful, have no right to demand that more than others on the ship, enjoyed the smaller denominations surrender the brighter light. But, no! Every their convictions on any point. At passenger on the Lusitania that night the Canton Conference one of the found lying over the sea a path of best-known missionaries in China especial brightness for himself and said: "Noone of us believes that any for those who stood with him, and church has been founded through every passenger on every ship on the perversity. No one denomination has broad Atlantic that night had the all the truth, but the little we hold in same experience at the same moment, our denomination is so precious we if only he kept his face toward the are tempted to think we have it all. light. Truth from God reaches every Our valuable doctrines and forms we heart that seeks Him, for "He that should consider as entrusted to us, seeketh findeth," and God hath not and we must be faithful to them, but left Himself without witness among there is grave danger that we shall any people. He is the light that hold as fundamental that which is not lighteth every man that cometh into fundamental. " the world.

Not long ago I journeyed through The cry for to-day is not for com- Chicago in the early evening, and as promise, but for a larger comprehen- I walked east on Madison Street the sion-to comprehend with all saints full moon was rising out of Lake what is the breadth and length and Michigan, directly ahead at the end height and depth of the love of God.

of my path. Had experience not It is not, what shall I give up, but taught me otherwise, I might have rather, what can I giver It is not, thought that I and those who walked what shall I lose, but what may I in my way enjoyed more than others contribute? It is not, what shall I in Chicago the direct light upon our surrender, but what shall I gain in path. I walked to Van Buren Street, an interpretation and understanding then to Randolph Street, and next to of Christ? There is no widespread Jackson Street. The moon appeared demand to-day for uniformity of to be rising directly at the head of statement or uniformity of outward each street, and to the pedestrians on life, nor are these things desirable at each of these thoroughfares it seemed present. But multitudes on the fields- that from no other street could the native Christians and foreign mis- moon be seen so clearly. A month sionaries-are begging with no uncer- later I raced across the Atlantic on a tain sound for unity and cooperation.

fast liner. One night I stood alone The people who are talking about

compromise are usually the critics to impose on the Oriental mind a sys- who know not what they say. Go tem of theology which has been coninto the innermost circles of the structed or approved by the Anglomovement for cooperation and you Saxon, and which, therefore, we find the strongest insistence that the think more inspired than the interpredenominations be loyal to the truth tations of the Orientals? Are we as God has given it to them. There there to impose on them our own is no demand for a minimum of be- theoretical theology? Or are we lief, but for a maximum; no demand there to give them Christ and let that we reduce our theology to the Christ speak to their souls? Are we lowest common denominator, but that there chiefly for the purpose of buildwe speak the whole truth in love. We ing up our own denomination, or need not use a club to remove a have we reached the point where we speck of dust from a brother's eye- see that it is true for a denomination brow. If God has given me some as well as for an individual that he truth that he has not given to others, who saveth his life shall lose it, but I am not to surrender what I have, he that loseth his life for the Kingbut to contribute what I can, and dom of God shall find it? I say perhaps gain more. Unity of spirit without any hesitation that so far as must come through a greater appre- I can see, the denominations which ciation of the oneness of our task and are rendering the most disinterested a better understanding of each other service are those that serve only for and our differences. It is not for the joy of having served; they are outward uniformity but for a larger those that give all, asking nothing in appreciation of our unity of purpose return save the joy of having given. that we ask. God has not made Build hospitals to get members for flowers and trees uniform, but there our churches? God forbid! Schools is harmony. Rooted in the same soil for the sake of sectarian propaganand warmed by the same sun, there da? No! Schools to promulgate are petals and leaves and boughs of our views of Christ? Yes, but somemany colors and many forms, but thing better-to give Christ. none clashes with the other-there is harmony. In their diversity they When we are honest with ourselves speak of unity of life. All are affect- we recognize that in every commued by the common tide of an ex- nion are thousands of men whose panding life in the springtime. lives have been regenerated through the Gospel as taught by these differ- Cooperation becomes easily possi- ent denominations. Likewise, on the ble when we reach general agree- foreign field we find multitudes who ment as to the purpose of our for- have become new men in Christ, eign mission work. Unity is general some through the work of one body agreement, and already there is gen- and some through the work of aneral agreement among most denomi- other body of Christians. The need is nations as to their purpose. not for uniformity. There is a demand that we who are agreed on Are we in the non-Christian lands Christ as the Savior of men present primarily to make converts to our such a solid front to the non-Chrisown particular faith? Are we there

tian world that men will see the point as willing as men at the front to die of agreement, Jesus Christ, rather for the principle of cooperation~a than the differences of interpretation cooperation which means united ef- that may obscure Him on whom we fort to save the world in spite of our agree and to whom they must look differences-a cooperation in which for life. each disciple wilI teach the truth as So we plead not that we sink our he sees it, without compromise and differences, but that we contribute without surrender to any conviction.

our various interpretations of Christ If you insist that such cooperation is to a greater Christian synthesis, and impossible, I reply that I have seen that we show the non-Christian world it. I have seen it with loyalty to dis- that the greatest thing in our particu- tinctive doctrines. But it was a lar belief is not our difference from loyalty tempered with humility and the others, but our agreement with love–not a loyalty sharpened by ar- them. Our great concern is that they rogance.

may have Christ, and that they have Many in the home lands are com- the right to come to Him direct ing to feel that God is working His rather than through any particular purpose out on the foreign fields, tho denomination. Weare not at work developments may be different from abroad to impose our theoretical anything we have known in the ec- theology on others, but to give them clesiastical life of the West. . Why Christ. Shall we not grant them the should we of America attempt to say right to interpret Christ for them- how the Spirit of God shall lead the selves? When did God give the Orientals in their church life? Why Anglo-Saxon a particular m6nopoly should we of America attempt to in making creeds concerning Christ? control the work of God's spirit in When did God give the Anglo-Saxon the Orient? Are not the sources of the right to say to others: "You are information and inspiration as open not seeing Christ unless you see Him to them as to us? Does God speak according to the statements of our more surely to the Anglo-Saxon creeds ?" Ve need to trust Christ soul? Are we afraid to trust the to reveal Himself to others, even as Eternal Christ with the Orientals, tho He has revealed Himself to us. Christ Himself came out of the East?

Thank God the day of cooperation Is Christ's work in the East always has come in an irresistible tide. A to be held in leading-strings from few people at home may hold back the West? Is Christianity, by retlson their missionaries. They may attempt of its foreign names and foreign con- to delay the larger movement, but trol, always to appear in the eyes of they can not defeat its coming. The the Oriental as a foreign religion?

tide is high, and it is growing higher. Do we not have sufficient confidence You may cause some of your mis- in the truth to release it? "Lord, in- sionaries to anchor in a small bay crease our faith." Help us that we until the tide goes out and then find ., shall be satisfied to place the leaven it impossible to make as large a con- in the lump, confident that it will tribution as they wished to make. eventually leaven the mass. Help us But even at home there are men just to trust Christ and His truth. Many

A UNITED FRONT IN MISSION WORK

are coming to believe that the Orien- are finding it highly advantageous to tal interpretation of Christ will make cooperate in theological instruction, His crown all the more resplendent. which is possible without compromise We need to cooperate in the sur- of conviction. This has been dem- . vey of unoccupied fields. No one onstrated. My own unwillingness society can accomplish this task un- to cooperate here where full freedom aided. We must cooperate in the oc- is given to all may be due to a fear cupation of the fields. Shall we send that the truth as I teach it will not missionaries to relatively well-occu- stand when compared with the teach- pied territory because we are not ings of others. We may have great represented there, while multitudes confidence in the survival of the fit- elsewhere are untouched? . There are test. Moreover, if many minds are numerous well-occupied centers in needed in the study of chemistry or China whose contiguous territory is physics or mathematics, how much fearfully neglected. more do men need each other in In a sectional conference in China their study of God the Father, and a missionary reported that there were Christ the Son?

590 missionaries in one province. A The present opportunity can be de- Chinese leader commented on the feated if we cooperate on a basis situation by saying that the forces of of compromise. But comprehension, missionaries were not well distrib- not compromise, is the note of the uted; that while the same place is hour. On the other hand, the op- being occupied by several societies, portunity can be defeated by a fail- other sections offer almost virgin ure to address ourselves unitedly to soil. In the same sectional confer- the entire task. The opportunity may ence a missionary reported that he be lost through an unholy insistence and his wife were stationed one ht1n- that each work without regard to dred miles from their nearest mis- others. It may be lost by a failure sionary neighbors. Surely coopera- to move together. It may be lost tion is needed in the occupation of through a prevalence of sectarian the field. Since men are saved spirit. Sectarian effort is doomed to through Christ rather than through failure in the Far East.

our distinctive views about Him, it All hail to the glad day that is should be our chief aim to see first dawning. The tide is rising; we can that all men have opportunity to not stop it. Thank God, we can not know Christ. stop it if we would! More and more In many places men have learned the Christian forces abroad are de- that God has not given a different termined that they will not go to the materia medica to Baptists, or Meth- bar of God responsible for presenting odists, or Presbyterians, and union a divided Christ to the non-Christian Christian hospitals flourish. Success- world. We are united in the aim to ful medical colleges appear almost give men Christ and His Word.

impossible without cooperation. The While we teach our own views loyal- same is true of real universities and ly, shall we not grant all men the in the production and distribution of right to interpret Christ for them- a worthy Christian literature. Some selves? LET US COOPERATE.

CJ,art, sJ,cwi.,g Sccieties at Wcr~

i., tbe Dar~ Co.,ti.,e.,t.

Map .howinl" areu in Africa under Protestant Mi••ionary influence. _ _ _ _ _ __ The initial, of the Mi..ion_" Societies with tho .. Indication Prepared by W. 1. W. Roome, Esq.• Editor of "The Lightbearer"

For the Explanation to the Initial Letters of Societies, see the World Atlas of Christian Misskms (Student Volunteer Movement, New York) . In Northeast Africa there were, in 1910, 16 Societies, with 296 Foreign and 818 Native Workers28 In Northwest 12 155 " 2,538 In Western 19 518 20 664 .. 2,217 In Southwest 52 1,589 22 403 .. 8,680 In South 20 648 .. 3,093 .. 2,962 In S. Central "

In East

A TYPICAL AUDIENCE OF MALAGASY CHRISTIANS, ISOAVINANDRIANA

These people came together for a quarterly meeting, and listened to addresses for four hours the day this picture was taken Cooperation In Madagascar THE UNIQUE WORK OF A UNITED DEPUTATION BY HENRY T. HODGKIN, M.A., M.B… LONDON Secretary of the Friends' Foreign Mission Association f]JI N the summer of 1913 among the great fields of missionary 00 a work was done in labor for its wonderful record of Madagascar which c~n bitter persecution bravely endured, claim to be almost, if and for the splendid service of its '*"" not quite, unique in pioneer missionaries. In no field have missionary his tor y . the advance of civilization and the spread of Christianity been more The results have so far justified the closely linked than in this great experiment as to encourage the hope island during the early part of last that it may be repeated in other century. Nowhere has an infant fields. church risen more nobly through se- Madagascar is honorably known

vere trial into a stronger and purer tioned. Owing to government ac- life. tion, it had become necessary to for- To-day the same church is facing mulate a definite constitution for this a situafion in some ways as perplex- council. The question arose thus ing as any among the older civiliza- from without, as to how far it would tions. Under a Government whose be possible to go in the direction of influence is steadily directed against complete union at the present stage aggressive Christian work, and which in the life of the Malagasy Church.

has succeeded in destroying nine- The work carried on by all three so- tenths of the mission schools in the cieties had, in the main, been com- island, with heathen practises reas- menced by the London Missionary serting themselves in localities long Society. When the Friends took up regarded as Christian, with the sys- work, nearly half a century ago, after tematic spread of materialistic and the close of the great persecution, immoral literature, threatened by the they took over churches which had steady growth of Islam in the north, previously been under the care of the and by the insidious danger due to London Missionary Society, and, lack of even elementary education on from this basis, extended and en- the part of many of its own mem- larged their work. Much the same bers, the church stands in great need state of things existed when, some of a wise and sympathetic leader- thirty years later, the Paris Mission ship, which shall help it to rise vic- began work there after the occupa- torious amid all these complex tion of the island by the French Gov- problems. ernment. Each mission had, how- In June, I9I2, the representatives ever, developed work on its own of the five European missionary so- lines, and so, altho there is still a cieties working in the island met to- fundamental unity and a close feder- gether in London to consider the ation in the work of the Isan Enim situation, and decided to recommend Bolana, there are three separate that their boards send out a united church organizations, each with its deputation to help the missionaries peculiar form of church govern- and the Malagasy leaders in facing ment, and emphasizing, to a certain the present situation. The societies extent, different aspects of Christian had an additional reason for taking truth.

this step. The Isan Enim Bolana, or Early in the summer of 1913 three Six Months' Meeting, of the churches representatives from each of these connected with the London Mission- three societies left for Madagascar, ary Society, the Friends' Foreign and, in addition, the Anglican Mis- Mission Association, and the Paris sion (S. P. G.) had designated Bishop Missionary Society, has for many King of Madagascar to represent years exercised a double function, as them in joint conferences, the Nor- an advisory council in church mat- wegian Mission had appointed their ters for these three churches, and as superintendent in Madagascar, Mr.

a missionary society extending its Bjertnes, and Mr. Torwick, and Dr.

work to the far parts of the island Dyrnes had similarly been chosen by where no foreign missionary is sta- the home boards of the United Lu-

VIEW OF TANANARIVE (ANCmNT ANTANANARIVO), THE CAPITAL OF

theran Church of America and the be truly successful. There was a American Lutheran Board of Mis- great spirit of expectancy, there was sions, respectively. These seven mis- a deep sense of the importance and sions comprise all the non-Roman timeliness of the visit, and there was Catholic societies working in Mada- the heartiest cooperation on the part gascar, and plans were made for of all, both missionaries and Mala- complete cooperation in any discus- gasy.

sions which might take place. The Method Adopted Throughout the visit the most per- The first week or ten days was de- fect harmony prevailed among the voted to meetings of welcome in representatives of the various mis- Tananarive, to the perfection of ar- sions. The first welcome to the rangements for visits in the country, shores of Madagascar was given by" and for the final conferences, to a the representatives of the French preliminary discussion of the main Church at Majunga, among whom subjects for mutual conference, and were young men educated in the the issue of a full agenda to be London Missionary Society and the studied by each missionary prior to Friends Mission schools in the capi- the meeting of the joint conference.

tal. The first service, attended by the In these discussions Malagasy opin- bulk of the deputation who were trav- ion was carefully consulted, and, eling together, was an Anglican ser- altho it did not seem possible to have vice at Tamatave, conducted by Arch- Malagasy representation in the main deacon MacMahon, of the Society for conference at the close, several spe- the Propagation of the Gospel. On cial meetings were held with native arrival in the 'capital, there was a full leaders, and the fullest confidence conference between the various mis- was established and maintained. A sion representatives and leading mis- month or si.x weeks was then devoted sionaries. Together the deputation to a thorough visit of the country, waited upon the governor-general. each deputation concentrating on the During the closing weeks of the visit a district occupied by its own mission, series of united gatherings were con- tho taking opportunities of visiting ducted with the greatest harmony, the stations of others. After return- and with the happiest results. ing to the capital, some time was In preparation for the visit an spent in completing the inspection of exhaustive list of questions had been the institutions there, and in confer- drawn up, and these were answered p.nce between each deputation and with the utmost care by a number of the missionaries and Malagasy con- missionaries and committties. Type- nected with the particular mission.

written copies of the matter arising All this prepared the way for a out of these replies had been studied well-informed and practical discus- and discust together by members of sion of the main problems with which the deputation, and, most important all the missions are faced. The of all, prayer had been offered for closing days were, therefore, devoted months beforehand all over Mada- to joint conference, and to great mass gascar, and by many persons at meetings with the Malagasy Chris- home, that the visit might prove to tians, who were assembled in thousands from the country districts for of God in the hearts of these people, the half-yearly gat her i n g s of and with a great hope for the future churches connected with the three of the church in Madagascar. Such sister missions. Before the deputa- an impression is deepened by the intions left, it was possible to lay be- timate knowledge of some of the fore the Malagasy some of the main Malagasy leaders, men of spiritual conclusions of the conference, and and intellectual power, humble, and the fact that one or another acted as yet courageous, showing an eager despokesman, and presented the views sire to learn from the missionary, of all the seven missions made a very combined with a healthy sense of indeep impression on the Malagasy, dependence and growing strength. and demonstrated the actual unity we One's only regret is that there are BOYS' SCHOOL IN TANANARIVE-FRIENDS' FOREIGN MISSION ASSOCIATION had in Christ in a way which had not more such men in this hour of never before been witnessed in the danger and opportunity in the life island. The great meetings at the of the Church of Christ in Madaclose of the visit were impressive gascar. beyond words. As thousands listened for hours together to difficult ad- As to the practical results of this dresses delivered through" an inter- unique series of conferences, seldom preter in an atmosphere which has a similar gathering been able to would have driven a Western audi- accomplish so much in 'so short a ence out of the church, as they fol- space of time. Little time was given lowed closely the various points to mere talking. Half an hour in made, and as one felt the deep spiri- the middle of the morning was spent tual response which was given to the in devotion; and one evening was message, all the visitors were deeply taken up with a careful presentation, imprest with the reality of the work by a delegate from each mission, of the point of view of his own communion in approaching the question who kneeled beside him, but each of Christian unity, and his thought as detennined, above all else, to be true to the contribution which that com- to Christ, and, knowing that, we were munion had to make to the church one great fellowship of His discilife of Madagascar. This session was ples. Ve left the room with minds and hearts occupied not with our differences, but with our great under- lying unity in which we were secure- ly bound together into one living Body in our great Head.

Setting aside these experiences, which are too deep for many words, and which can not fail to have re- sults more far-reaching than any- thing else done by the conference, we can classify its work under the fol- lowing heads, and thus give some idea of its far-reaching significance.

The Evanll'elization of the Island NON-CHR[ST[AN NATIVE OF MADAGASCAR While the central plateau of Mada- gascar has for many years been ocone of the most impressive meetings cupied by missionary forces, and has ever attended by any who were pres- a relatively larger Christian commuent. There was perfect frankness nity, there are many parts of the on the part of each. There was no island which must still be classed as attempt to minimize differences or unevangelized. Spasmodic visits have to make compromises. Each stood been paid. The native missionary his ground and stated what he be- society has sent its agents into a lieved God had given to him. At the number of outlying posts, and done a close a deep hush fell on all. The good tho scattered work. Certain chairman called for prayer. There ports have been occupied, such as was no place for a discussion of dif- Tamatave, Fort Dauphin, and Tulear. ferences. We had reached a place But, generally speaking, the larger where we knew that we were one in part of the area must be classed as Christ. Round His feet we gathered, "unoccupied." The missions faced each strong in convictions which together the great task which still might appear to be diametrically op- confronted them, and took the naposite to those of the man or woman tive missionary society into close consultation. They looked at the task as a whole, realizing something of its urgency in view of the ad- vance of Islam on the northwest, and the spread of materialism from the center. They met in a spirit of mu- tual understanding, each anxious to avoid the duplication of work on the sions agreed to the boundaries deone hand, and the passing by of any fining the area which each should section of country on the other. As seek to occupy, and adopted a resoa result, practically the whole of the lution which lays down the lines of island was mapped out. The native procedure in case of churches in missionary society agreed to a modi- Imerina wishing to pass from the fication of its policy, looking to a care of one mission to that of andefinite concent~ation on one area. other. It can not but come as a The foreign societies agreed to cer- strong call to the supporters of the A GROUP OF CHRISTIAN MALAGASY AND THE FRIENDS' FOREIGN MISSION DEPUTATION Taken at Arivonimanno. Secretary Henry T . Hodgkin is standing at the right tain geographical limits, and each various societies at home to know stated its ambition to occupy a por- that the share which they are called tion of territory which no other so- upon to take in this advance is part ciety contemplated entering. Already of a well-considered policy, in which two or three of the societies have all are agreed, for the speedy occulaid plans for advance in accordance pation of the entire field. with this well-considered scheme, and there is reason to hope that in five or Education and Training of Leader. ten years' time practically each part of this vast unoccupied area will A large amount of time was given have seen the beginnings of organ- to the consideration of other importized missionary effort. All the mis- ant questions. The action of the Government, by which a large proportion of the mission schools have to all the societies, and everything is been dosed, has created an urgent to be gained by cooperation in facing and dangerous situation. Twenty these questions. There are also the years ago a large body' of young difficulties due to the over-emphasis on teaching the French language in the curriculum, the problems con- nected with the education of a child race, and the question of industrial and technical training. The confer- ence agreed to the formation of a , Joint Consultative Board of Educa- tion to "consider questions of educa- tional policy, school-management and teaching method, and give advice to the missions on these subjects, as may be necessary."

All agreed that there is now no more important problem in Mada- gascar than the training of leaders for the native church. Already two missions are· cooperating in this work, A CROWD AFTER CHUBCH AT MIANTSOARIVO and a third is considering the possi- bility of entering the union. Perpeople was being trained in mission . schools throughout the country.

Practically every church building was being used in the week for a school-house, and the children of church-members who were not re- ceiving at least an elementary educa- tion was almost a negligible quantity.

Now the new Government schools,.

whose tendency is most frequently anti-Christian, are gradually replac- ing mission schools. Many children are, however, unprovided for, the total number at school being many less than it was before the Govern- ment action. The danger which threatens the church is, therefore, that its members generally will have little or no education, and that some GIRLS' HIGH SCHOOL, FARAVOHITRA of them will have received what lit- tle they have with a strong anti- haps the most noteworthy was the Christian bias. There is, also, a large proposal on the part of the Paris range of educational ground comm6n Mission to open a higher school in

IN MADAGASCAR 43

the capital for boys who have com- made a deep impression. Great empleted their course in the existing phasis was laid by the conference high schools carried on by the various on the moral and spiritual side of missions. Already the Paris Mis- this problem, and of the kindred one sion is undertaking the normal training for all missions in the last year MADAGASCAR. of the brevet course. With the exception of this work and the theo- .s"''"''',s, 4e",""'~o't' 01 ClIno.. logical courses, there is no Christian education of a college grade, the ac- 'oc.',"u'n ;"e… ",.oehto……" tion of the Government having prac- t?!:to'tO,7 ~(lc."'c.e.!t . tically cut out the higher departments of the schools in town. Now ~,:>. the way seems clear for the opening of such a school or college. The Paris Society proposes to take full responsibility in the matter, while the other missions have agreed not to open competing schools, and to give what help they may be able In teaching, and in sending pupils.

The Malaguy Church Having behind it a history of nearly 'one hundred years, and hav- ing been developed under the guid- ance of such wise and far-seeing missionaries, it is not wonderful to find that the Malagasy Church is reaching the point at which a much SOCIETtES AT WORK larger responsibility for its own work Friends' Foreign Mission Association (British). Society for the Propagation of the Gospel (Angli· can be taken over by it. It is now can). Norwegian ~'Iissionary Society (Norwegian) .

possible to plan missionary policy United Lutheran Church of America. Lutheran Board of Missions (American), with the distinct aim of ultimate Paris Missionary Society (SociHe des Missions W.ithdrawaI, not S.ImpIy as a dI' stant LoEnvdaonngeMliqIsusei)o.nary Society. I'deaI, but " Sihgt. The prob- " Isan Enim Bolana (Malagasy Missionary Society). as now 10 lem is what particular path to take, of union. Everywhere it was found which steps to take first, and at what that the Malagasy leaders responded rate it is safe to proceed. The con- to the idea of a united and indepel1d- ference decided to lay the whole ent Malagasy Church. Many of question before the Malagasy lead- them, however, were fearful lest the ers, and, at the half-yearly meeting pace be too much accelerated, and, of the three sister churches, the indeed, as consideration was given to deputation made a public statement the problem, it became evident that, on the question of self-support and until many more leaders were raised self-government, which evidently up and trained, there would be grave

danger in pressing forward too rapid- that it seemed inevitable that a Jy. At the same time, there are a Continuation Committee should be number of able and consecrated lead- formed. There was never any ers in the Malagasy Church, and it thought of giving this committee any was quite clear that a distinct for- executive function. It was called ward move could be made. into existence to perpetuate the spirit The question of a constitution for of the conference, to consider Mada- the Isan Enim Bolana came up for gascar as a whole, to act, when re- consideration. It was not posiible quired, as -a Board of Reference, to finally to ratify this, but there was facilitate cooperation, to keep in much discussion, and a draft agreed touch with the Edinburgh Continua- upon carried the federation a stage tion Committee, and "to serve as a further than anything hitherto at- means whereby the Christian forces tempted. The three societies agreed in Madagascar may express them- in the principle of full- interchange of selves unitedly when they so desire."

membership. This involves, on the One mission did not see its way at part of two, the acceptance as full once to join in the committee, but members, with equal rights in the hopes to be able to do so shortly, its church of persons who may not have members in the meantime attending been baptized, and who do not par- the sittings of the committee.

take of the Lord's Supper. In the During the visit of the deputations Friends' Church there are many who a great deal was accomplished in the do use these outward rites. But conferences of the several missions.

there is full liberty to abstain on the Much was done by informal discus- part of any who feel conscientiously sions on the part of the deputations, unable to ·partake. This liberty will and with missionaries and Malagasy now be exercised in all the three leaders, which can not even be sum- churches. At the same time, in marized here. Statements made and those individual churches in which addresses given at the huge meetings no provision is now made for the of the Isan Enim Bolana, and at use of these rites, such provision will numberless smaller gatherings, pro- be made in the event of persons re- duced a deep spiritual effect. The moving from other churches, and very fas;t of the visit being paid, the who ask for such provision. While long and difficult journey taken, the the constitution can hardly be said separation from families and friends, to provide as yet for a full union of the number and position of those the three churches, it certainly is a who came, all made a very deep im- notable step in that direction. pression upon the people. There can The Continuation Committee be no doubt that the experiment has amply justified itself, and that those So near did the members of the who took part in it unite in the hope conference come to one another in that simultaneous deputations may those days, so loving and fruitful become a recognized mlsSlOnary was the fellowship established, and method where conditions are favor· so clearly desirable its perpetuation, able.

A Cultured Missionary

JAMES S. DENNIS, AND HIS SERVICE TO THE WORLD BY ROBERT E. SPEER, NEW YORK N OUT thoughts of Dr. they would first write me. I also proposed lJI Dennis the real great- to them that, if they felt inclined on reach- ness of the w 0 r k ing home, they should write a resolution as follows: "Resolved, that if the Lord will . which he did, and of give me grace, I will be a missionary." One little boy, James S. Dennis, did write such ~ the influence which, a resolution, as I learned thirteen years afterward (September 23, 1868), when more or less uncon- r went to Newark to give the charge at his sciously, he exerted, is accompanied ordination, and was a guest in his house. and almost obscured at times by the Mrs. Dennis told me that, in October, 1855, her son Jimmy came home from hearing loveliness of his character and life. me speak, went to his room, and soon after brought her a written resolution: From his childhood he had the quali- "Resolved, that if God will give me grace, ties of considerateness, of gentleness, r will be a missionary." She said to him, of purity, of friendliness, which grew "James, you are too young to know what you will be." "Yes," he said, "I did not with his growth, and made his com- say r will be, but, 'if God gives me grace, panionship an unclouded pleasure to r will be.''' "And now to-day you are to all who were associated with him. give him his ordination charge as a mis- sionary to Syria!" From his childhood, also, he had the Surely the Lord must have inspired me gravity and seriousness which filled to make that suggestion when I did, for Dr. Dennis has done more for the cause all his work with conscience and of foreign missions than almost any other living man. We have always been dear and truth. He grew up in a home of intimate friends, and, in Syria, where he labored for twenty-three years, he is be- comfort and wealth and Christian loved by all who knew him. His Arabic works, "Christian Theology" (two volumes, faith, and the missionary purpose 8vo), "Evidences of Christianity" (one volume, 8vo), "Scripture Interpretation" came to him as a child, as it had (one volume, 8vo), are classics in Arabic theological literature. come to Coleridge Patteson and to Every quality displayed by the James Chalmers. Dr. Henry H. Jes- child ripened in the character of the sup, who was to be for hlany years man-his earnest, 'thoughtful con- sideration of his duty, his prompt ac- one of his fellow missionaries and in- ceptance of it when it was clear to timate friends, tells, in his autobiog- him, his gentle but firm adherence to it, his calm confidence in the will of raphy, how the mtsslOnary call God, his lack of all unreal feeling, touched the boy of thirteen: of all mock heroics, and his simple recognition that whatever work God On the 27th of October, 1855, I attended the morning missionary prayer meeting at Union Theological Seminary, and met some of the beloved brethren who were expect- ing to go abroad; Harding (India), White (Asia Minor), Byington (Bulgaria), and Kalopothakes (Athens).

The next day I spent in Newark, N. J., in the church of that scholarly and saintly man, Rev. J. F. Stearns, D.D. I preached in the church, addrest the Sunday-school, and promised to write to the scholars if

had for him to do was the one thing longed to aNew School congrega- about which he should feel concern. tion-tho he had taken his theologi- In all these things the boy was father cal course in an Old School seminary, to the man. as many missionaries who went out James Dennis was born in New- under the American Board had done ark, New Jersey, on December 15, -he had offered himself to the 1842. His father was interested in American Board. In 1870 the New the early railroad development of the School and Old School churches State, and the family relationships were reunited, and with the reunion were such that the boy knew the and the withdrawal of the New people worth knowing and felt about School churches from the support of his life the most stimulating and re- the American Board, the latter trans- fining influences. He was sent to ferred to the Presbyterian Board sev- Princeton College, and was graduated eral of its missions, which had been in the class of r863. From the col- largely staffed from the Presbyte- lege he went to the seminary in the rian churches, Syria among them.

class of 1867, One of the most re- This brought James S. Dennis into markable missionary classes ever his own relationship with the Pres- graduated from the institution. Out byterian Board.

of its seventy matriculates, it gave In Syria he mastered Arabic and Baldwin to. Turkey, Butler to China, devoted himself to the work of theo- Dennis to Syria, Douglas (afterward logical instruction. He had to create Member of Parliament and Senator his tools, and prepared in Arabic a in Canada), and Heyl and Wherry to statement of Christian doctrine which India, Thomson to Mexico, and has been used until the present day.

Chamberlain to Brazil. That same It was not a translation of anyone class gave Richard C. Morse to be American book, but was a selection the leader of the Y. M. C. A. of of what cpmmended itself to Dr.

North America, Dean Griffin to Dennis from many books, welded to- Johns Hopkins University, Bloom- gether by his own mind and heart.

burgh to Lafayette College, Spar- He was a man of open and receptive hawk Jones and Henry H. Stebbins mind, but thoughtfully and earnestly to the home ministry, and not less . devoted to the firm body of evangeli- than eight men to the home mission- cal truth, and while he witnessed ary service. without fear the shifting change of From this training and fellowship emphasis and the new modes of Dr. Dennis went, in January, 1869, thought which were at variance with to Syria, which was then a mission his own mood, but in which he looked of the American' Board of Commis- carefully for what he could see to be sioners for Foreign Missions, through true, he abode in the central con- which the New School Presby- victions of the New Testament with terian churches, which had sep- a reasoned and confident faith.

arated from the Old School in 1838, In 1892 he was called home by were making their missionary con- business responsibilities. His going tributions and sending their mission- was deeply lamented. He was one ary recruits. Since James Dennis be- who made himself lleloved wherever

A CULTURED MISSIONARY SCHOLAR

he was. He had done so in Syria. penditure a missionary contribution, The word "Dennis," in its Arabic as indeed it was. The work consti- sound, had an unfavorable signifi- tutes our most massive missionary cance, and he was, accordingly, al- production, and while it has not ways called "Ennis," meaning gentle lacked, as no such undertaking could or affable. His characteristic friend- lack, its critics, both friendly and liness had borne its fruitage in the hostile, it remains a storehouse of love of his associates for him. But facts and evidence and a monument it was necessary to return to Amer- to the industry, the calm faith, the ica, and he never went back again to tireless and conscientious patience, Syria. He settled in New York, and the breadth of mind, and the glowfor some time, during periods of ing benevolence of its author. special need, served as one of the corresponding secretaries of the Dr. Dennis's other most distinctive Board, and even after the discon- service to the mission cause was his tinuance of this service, for some time work in connection with missionary did a good part of the editorial work statistics. At his own expense he of the Board. His freedom from mis- compiled and issued a centennial sursionary duty and his ample means did vey of missions in connection with not entice him into any selfish or indo- the Ecumenical Missionary Conferlent life. He had already conceived ence in New York in 1900. It was the idea of his great missionary book the most comprehensive and authoriand apologetic treatise, in which the tative collection of missionary statisrelation of Christian Missions to So- tics which had ever been made. A cial Progress should be set forth, committee, of which he was chairwith its incidental proof of the divine man, undertook and completed a simipower of the gospel in human life. lar task in connection with the World He set out to gather first-hand testi- Missionary Conference in Edinburgh mony from all the mission fields. An in 1910. In such work no toil was immense correspondence grew up. too great, and no expense to be The material, as it came in, was clas- spared, if it was necessary to secure sified and re-classified, worked over, needed information or to guarantee written out and re-written. He em- accuracy. In the collection and preployed competent help. He gener- sentation of missionary statistics he ously recognized all the labor spent erected new standards of what can by others. As he went on, his un- and ought to be done. dertaking expanded, so that the material, while used in lectures in But neither the absorption of his Princeton, Lane, Auburn, and West- great apologetic task, nor the burdenern (Pittsburgh) Theological Semi- some cares of the statistician, monnaries, far exceeded the bounds of a opolized his activity. He was conlecture course, and ultimately ap- stantly producing missionary articles peared in three great volumes. He of a high order as by-play, and enspent a great deal of his own money tering in the most active way into all in publishing the books, as well as in the work of missionary administrapreparing them, and counted this ex- tion. For twelve years after his re- turn from Syria his name was still carried on the rolls of the .Syria

Mission in. all the reports of the articles no one but he could have Board, and he was constantly in the written, especially several which ap- offices of the Board in consultation peared anonymously in 1889, dealing with regard to its work. In 1904 he with the missionary enterprise in the became a member of the Board and Turkish Empire. In all that he served on its Conul1ittee on Syria, wrote, as in the man himself, there is Persia, and Africa, first as a member not one judgment, not one word, and then as chairman, and no mem- which is unkind or harsh or unfair. ber of any Board could have per- He always spoke the truth as he saw formed his duty more devotedly, in- it, but he always saw it in love. telligently, and winningly than Dr. Dennis. He was ever ready, also, to Dr. Dennis was naturally of a calm advise any missionary cause and to aid any missionary interest. When and controlled spirit, but not impas- Dr. Boegner, of the French Evan- sive. He was all eagerness and ingelical Society, was in America in terest, and as ready to enter into other 1911, seeking to interest friends in people's thoughts as to express his the support of the work of the own. And especially was he full of French Society; after the disestab- a rich and unfearing Christian hope. lishment of religion in France had The bits of verse which he inscribed thrown new and heavy burdens on upon the title pages of his books reall the churches there, Dr. Dennis yeal him. The three following were was his closest adviser, and when his placed, one in each of the three volerrand seemed about to have failed, umes of "Christian Missions and So- Dr. Dennis stept forward-altho he was the most modest of men-to take . cial Progress": the leadership which was required. The new age stands as yet His doing it, and the way of his Half built against the sky, doing it, were more than good Dr. Open to every threat Boegner could speak of without mois- Of storms that clamor by; ·tened eyes. Scaffolding veils the walls, Alld dim dust floats and falls, Beside this active participation in As, moving to and fro, their tasks the missionary administration, Dr. Dennis masons ply. was a prolific missionary writer. His -William Watson. first book, "Foreign Missions After a Century," appeared in 1893; then Thus, with somewhat of the Seer, followed the "Centennial Statistics," and three volumes of "Christian Mis- Must the moral pioneer sions and Social Progress," of which From the future borrow: mention has been made; in 1908 came Clothe the waste with dreams of grain, "The New Horoscope of Missions," And, on midnight's sky of rain, the course of lectures delivered in Paint the golden morrow. McCormick Theological Seminary in 1907, and in 1913 "The Modern Call -John Greenleaf Whittier. of Missions," a collection of his best missionary articles. Some of these God works in aU things, an obey His first propulsion from the night; Wake thou and watch! the world is gray With morning light.

Aid the dawning, tongue and pen; Aid it, hopes of honest men; Aid it paper, aid it type; Aid it, for the hour is ripe.

A TWICE-BORN TURK

AntI his last book bore on the title that that purpose involved in his large page the lines: conception of it. For years Mrs. Dennis has been an invalid, and it Wider and wider yet was a surprize to many that he was The gates of the nations swing; called onward before her; but it would have been like him to see the good- Clearer and clearer still ness of God in allowing him to go The wonderful prophecies ring: forward to prepare a place for her, if he could no longer minister to her Go forth, ye hosts of the living God, here. Ministry to her and ministry And conquer the earth for your King! to the world ministry of Christianity had been the consuming service of And it closed with the lines: his life. He lived and died in what he himself described as "the convic- o Father! haste the promised hour tion that world-wide missions repre- sent in their prospective influence, When at His feet shall lie their varied activities and full sig- All rule, authority, and power nificance, the divine ideal of Chris- tian service for all mankind." Beneath the ample sky, When He shall reign from pole to pole, The Lord of every human sou1."

To the fulfilment of this prayer Dr. Dennis unreservedly devoted his life. He had no other interests than those of true friendship and of the evangelization of the world, with all A Twice-born "Turk"–Part IX THE REMARKABLE REMINISCENCES OF A CONVERTED MOSLEM SHEIKH TRANSLATED BY ARTHUR T. UPSON, CAIRO, EGYPT Superintendent of the Nile Mission Press Baptism at Last ceremony, and baptized me with water, while the Lord baptized me URING the week in with His Holy Spirit. To Him be praise for this great salvation by mD which I came to Cairo H is precious blood. the Church Council met and questioned me Some who heard of my baptism ~ concerning. my faith. told the students in El-Azhar, and They decided to post- they informed one of the Sheikhs. pone my baptism for a time, lest the He collected a number of other news of such a step would cause my Sheikhs and merchants, and all came wife's people to forbid her coming to to meet me, and invited me to go in Jam me. When my boy ran away, for a talk. We sat down, and the however, I knew that he would inform Sheikh who was the head of the all my people that I had become a deputation spoke to me with all sorts Christian, so that there was no rea- of adulation and hypocritical praise, son to delay the matter longer. The stating that they had verified the fact missionaries, therefore, arranged the

of my lineage, and therefore my bap- given me, there is no virtue in that.

tism was a crushing blow and had All virtue is of God, and I must broken their hearts. For half an alone praise Him, but the rest is hour I was listening to his nonsense, without any basis whatever, and I offering a prayer to God for wisdom. have no pleasure in lies. As for When the Sheikh left off speaking, I what you say about my lineage, this said: "And now, what are you wish- and all earthly relationships now no ing with this assembly?" longer concern me, nor can I boast They replied with one voice : "We of it, for it is all of the dust and· only wish your welfare in this world unto dust shall it return, for your and the next, and that you may re- Koran says, 'There will be no gene- tain your religion and your humanity. alogies among you in that day, the We know that the missionaries have day of resurrection.' As for your led you astray through the large sum wish to seek my welfare, may God of money they offered you in your reward you with good, and know that necessity. We ask you kindly not to I wish for you as much as you wish give them back a cent of what they for me. As for the statement that have paid you, but we are prepared the missionaries have beguiled me by to secure for you an appointment in offering me money at the time of my any good business establishment you great need, let me only say that you wish." have fabricated lies against the mis- The Sheikh then put his hand to sionaries, and you at the same time his pocket and brought out a hand- have advised me to commit robbery.

kerchief full of coins, saying :"Kindly "May God forgive you for saying receive this one hundred pounds, put that they have deluded me, for I am it in your pocket, for it is your not one of the deluded ones. It is property." true I was never in need of money "Whence is this money that is until I decided to become a Christian given to me so unexpectedly?" I and came to Egypt, nor did my needs asked. "I can not receive it until I increase until you, 0 Sheikh, ab- know from whom and for what pur- ducted my son. If Christ had not pose you have given it to me." told us to 'swear not at all,' I would "Your brethren, the Moslems, have have sworn to you that on the day of collected it privately," he said, "in my baptism I tasted no food, not be- order to relieve you from the yoke cause I had decided to fast, but be- of the missionaries. All you have to cause I possest no money on that do is to write two lines, in which you day, for my boy stole the remainder clear yourself from everything that of my small salary when he ran away has been asserted of you in the way from me. After all this, will you say of conversion to Christianity, so that that they have led me astray with we may publish it in one of the money?

papers." "As for your offer of a hun- I became very angry, and replied: dred pounds, and your promise of "In reply to all the Sheikh has said high positions if I will only disown as your spokesman, so far as the my religion, I am surprized at you.

praise and flattery that you have You have profest to raise me to a

A TWICE-BORN TURK

very exalted position; but, by offer- "Sit down again," I said, "and ing me money as a bribe, in order to listen to what I am going to say to betray my conscience, you have put you and them." me beneath the level of the dogs. I then called aloud: "The happiest "May God forgive you for these and most blest hour of my life will wicked insults, which have reached be the hour in which I am killed as a the extreme of all contemptibleness, martyr, for I shall then go straight as tho you thought religion and to heaven to be with Christ in the faith were merchandise to be sold eternal glory. I do not think, howand bought. If I had been one of ever, that God will allow you to do those that money or position would this, for it is His purpose that I buy, I would have remained in my should serve the Moslems while a own country as a Sayid, having my Christian, even as I used to serve hands kissed by the people, where I them while a Moslem. The Lord of could have obtained money from Peace will be with me always." various sources. Then I left them and came away. "Finally, that if you wish to pro- Narrator: I then said to him, "Do cure my salvation from eternal per- you think that they will do anydition as much as I wish yours, then thing?" collect together the chief of your "The religion was begun and prolearned men. I am prepared to meet pagated with the edge of the sword," them, and to expose their fallacies, he replied. "It is not unthinkable and to show the falseness of the that its people should carry out its views you are now holding. If principles; but I am not afraid of they clearly convince me of the fal- their childish threatenings, for I have sity of my faith, I shall return to in my heart unchangeable peace. He Islam speedily, and that without bri- on whose side is the Creator need bery." not fear the creature." Narrator: Some months passed be- "A very good thought, indeed!" fore I saw him again. He was comthe Sheikh answered. "Let such a ing out of a house toward evening, meeting be held in my house." and we sat down together while I asked what had happened since we "All right," I answered, "on con- last parted. He smilingly resumed dition that I am accompanied by two his story. officers, one from the Egyptian Gov- Sheikh: Not many days after my ernment and one from the English." son had left me, letters came from my friends in Syria, asking the truth of "Why such a condition ?" asked what my boy had reported. They all the Sheikh. urged me to answer quickly, as to my reasons for becoming a Christian. "For protection against the loss of In order to save time, I wrote my my warm blood," was my reply. Confession of Faith, showing, briefly, the chief reasons for my conversion, They then whispered together, and and how I found the truth in the one of them came aside and whis- Scriptures after searching long m pered to me, "This company is wishing to appoint some one to attack you secretly, unless you will agree to write a notice in one of the Islamic papers."

the chief religions. This paper was matter of divine providence and en- printed, and I put a number of copies tirely supernatural.

in separate envelops, and sent them Sheikh: Praise be to God, our to everyone who had addrest me on generous Lord, who has never failed the subject. and will never fail, to care for his Arrival of His Wife humble servant.

My wife was continually sending Peace in Believing me letters, asking for traveling ex- Narrator: Vould you tell me some- penses, so that she might come to thing about your spiritual condition Egypt. I sent her the money, but while living with your family?

she replied that her family and all Sheikh: I thank God and praise the people of the town had prevented Him with all my heart that I have her from coming. been born again with the new birth, I entirely surrendered my case to and the old nature has been crucified, Almighty God, and prayed to Him and I have risen again, not by my by the only intercessor, namely, the own means, but by Him who saved Beloved Savior, who had promised me by His blood. My evil dispo- not to send away any who came to sitions have been altered and I have, ask Him. Many of my Christian by degrees, obtained a new character, brethren and sisters, Egyptians and for my former haughty pride has also English and Americans, joined been changed to humility, and my hot me in my petition, and God granted temper to clemency, and my evil our request in spite of every diffi- thoughts to chastity, and my covet- culty. My wife once more sent a re- ousness to contentment, my hastiness quest for traveling expenses, that she to patience, and my rebelliousness to might come at once, and as I had a obedience; in short, God has replaced firm belief that God had answered most of my evil traits of character by our prayers I sent the traveling ex- new and praiseworthy ones, through penses immediately. Soon she and His Holy Spirit; while as to the re- the boy arrived. Now her guidance maining traits of character about into the truth depends upon God's which His Spirit rebukes me at times, answers to the prayers of many be- He will deliver me from those also, lievers through His grace and by the and hear' the prayers of my brethren'

action of the Holy Spirit. and co-workers in His vineyard, that Narrator: Was she not one of the I will have grace to overcome every bigoted Moslems, and is she not ac- temptation and fulfil all His holy de- quainted' with the doctrines of Islam? sires in me, that I may remain sted- Sheikh: Yes, she is one of the fast in Him and He in me for ever: most bigoted, and her family more If there had been no other evi- so. But God gave her such a strong dence that the Christian religion is purpose as to silence their opposition, the true religion of God, this great altho some of her friends threatened change in me would be sufficient evi- to have her put to death. dence to prove it.

Narrator: In that case it is very Narrator: Can not you find some- clear that her coming here was a thing like this in the Tariqa?

A TWICE-BORN TURK

Sheikh: As soon compare the sky My bodily death will only be a sleep with the ground. I admit that there by which I shall rest from work in is in the Tariqa of the Sufis a cer- this world, and from which I shall tain amount of partial change in the awake in the Kingdom of Heaven, character of its adherents. That is enjoying eternal life in the heavertly not by the Holy Spirit, but by bur- Jerusalem.

dening their followers with various As for my bodily condition, when exercises and penances, in spite of I was in my country in an exalted which no one finds real satisfaction; position among the Moslems, their but you can always find him afraid reverence being nothing but hypoc- of falling, and of a bad end, and per- risy and flattery, I might have made plexity is his lot at all times. He is much money, but it would have been assailed by doubts and imaginations, with remorse of conscience, which even tho he be of the established used to burn me sometimes like fire.

ones. He will find in himself an in- I was accustomed to spend very clination to fleshly lusts, even while freely upon unholy, sensual pleasures, trying to escape far from them. and I was generally heavily in debt He endeavors to keep at a distance at the end of the month. At present, from sin, for fear of falling into it, I receive only sufficient for the neces- and yet he is attracted by it, and this sities of myself and family, but you causes despair. find me rested in mind, enjoying only A truly regenerated Christian, on allowable pleasures, and sincerely re- the contrary, flees from the flesh and spected by my Christian brethren.

from sin' as man flees from con- As for my family, my wife now suming fire or from the roaring lion, believes that Christ is the greatest of and he hates sin as he hates death, or all the prophets, and she has seen al- rather he regards every sin as death ready many answers to her prayers itself. His special devotion is greater asked in His name. May God con- many times than his former pleasure tinue His work in her heart by His in sins, while he has in his heart great grace, that her faith may be peace and safety from all fears, both built upon a firm foundation. My of this world and the next. God is boy ran away to Syria on two occa- with him, and He is with God, wher- sions, but I trust that God will pre- ever and in whatever condition he vent it happening again. At present may be. "1 can not find any more ap- he is learning the trade of carpenter- propriate illustration of the differ- ing. God is able to guide him to ence between the regenerated Chris- Himself.

tian and the Sufi's self-righteousness I ask our gracious God, in the than the comparison of man as God name of our beloved Savior, to keep created him in His image, with a us stedfast in the true faith, that wooden imitation of a man in whom grace may grow in our hearts more there is no life at all. and more, that we may be enabled to I praise God at every moment for save many of our fellow men for the the joy which I can not express. All Holy Kingdom of Him who is the that I can say is that I have peace Way, the Truth, and the Life. Amen.

and safety, for Christ died for me. THE END

Ibiya-A West African

BY REV. ROBERT HAMILL NASSAU, D.O., LL.D. For Fifty Years a Missionary of the Presbyterian Board in West Africa EA]MONG the thousands had been ordained as ruling elders, of native Christians or were teachers, candidates, and with whom I was as- evangelists. The irregular teaching sociated during my made the ordination of some of them life in equatorial West only a far-off possibility, and their A f ric a were many education in English attracted Euromen and women who lived beautiful pean traders, who offered them polives. They held their quiet way in sitions as clerks at wages far beyond the midst of evil that stalks more what the mission could ever give. openly than it dares in Christian These were powerful seductions, to lands, and were pure and upright, which- most of them yielded. In their even tho they were without many of new positions the compulsory (in the "Means of Grace" by which men those days) handling of rum, even if are aided in civilized lands. A few they did not drink it, and the almost of these men were called into promi- inevitable Sunday work, broke their nence, because of their natural abili- good resolutions to maintain Christies. One whose memory I revere tian characters, and they sadly driftbecame the able, devoted, and effi- ed away. Ibiya was one of those cient pastor of a native church. His who resisted all such seductions. name was Ibiya, of Corisco. In the early history of the church From the very beginning of the of Corisco, the missionaries, almost Pre s by t e ri a n Mission in West of necessity, exercised the functions Africa the missionaries worked to of both preaching and ruling elders. raise up a native ministry; but no There was but one church organizaformal arrangements were made; tion on the island, located at the centhere was no regular curriculum; no tral station, Evangasimba, of which stated school; no designated teacher. Each missionary, from among the Rev. J. L. Mackey was pastor. At the employees of his station, or the school assistants, found some one northern and soutnern ends of the island, Elongo and Ugobi, were chapwhom he adopted as a protege, and els in which regular Sunday services were held, and the pastors, Messrs. to whom he gave special instruction. Clemens and Dettler, also were ruling The training was irregular, as to elders in the Evangasimba church.'" time, because of the missionary's many other duties. When I joined When I arrived in r861, Mr. Ibiya the mission, on Corisco Island, in was an elder in the Evangasimba September, 186r, each missionary had "This holding of ruling elderships by the mis· his special protege, some of whom sionaries finally becam~ all evil. resultinr in the abuse of power, church. He had been sent as an tually could not obtain wives. For evangelist to a point, Mbangwe, on them, marriage is indispensable. (I the northern shore of Corisco Bay, never knew, in the mission, an unabout eighteen miles from the island. married native woman, and but one He was married to an unusually bright voluntary male celibate!) The misyoung woman, who had been educa- sion, therefore, paid the "dowry" ted in Mrs. Mackey's Girls' School. price for a number of school-girls, Ibiya had already shown that he had and, as their guardians, allowed decompletely risen above native super- sirable C h r i s t ian young men to stitions and heathen practises, among choose each a wife from these, in which was a secret society for men. case the young woman also assented. The object of this society was the Mr. Ibiya had obtained his wife in government, especiaJly, of women, this way; but her parents' cupidity and the settlement of tribal disputes. was aroused, and they demanded that Knowing that their commands simply he should pay them for their daughas men would not be obeyed, the ter. Thereupon he advised the mismembers shrouded themselves with sion to give away no more wives, but secrecy and oaths, and a claim that to require the Christian young men the society's decrees were dictated by to repay, from their wages, the a spirit, Ukuku. Denial of this be- "dowry" that the mission had given. lief, or exposure of its secrets, was This advice was followed for some followed by instant death. All young years until abuses caused the entire men were initiated into this society, plan to be abandoned. By that time, and when any became a Christian, also, the church law had come into tho the Church required him to operation to the effect that Christian leave the society, it did not require parents should not "sell" their daugha revelation of its secrets. So com- ters into marriage. plete had been Ibiya's break from heathenism, however, that,. of his With an appreciation of the inown accord, he felt he ought to ex- dustrial side of Christianity greater pose the falsity of Ukuku. His life than was then understood by his miswas saved only by the prompt inter- sionary teachers, Ibiya, on his own vention of Messrs. Clemens and suggestion, inaugurated an agricul- Mackey, who had been accorded, by tural community at Mbangwe, where the Benga tribe, positions equal to Christians and others wishing to that of chieftainship. Ibiya was ad- emerge into civilization might escape vised not unnecessarily to antagonize from rum and other temptations of the heathen element, and yielded to trade. A large tract of land was the missionaries' advice. Something secured and diligently planted with was, I think, lost, in the moral effect cacao and palm trees and rubber of his brave action. vines, and here the settlers might work and escape from the inevitable Elder Ibiya showed his protest dishonest debts of the traders' "trust" against custom, also, in another way. system. Natives were obliged to Rich polygamists had so bought up carry their own products to the white young girls in the marriage-market, man, and were forced to take rum that some Christian young men ac- In payment. To such a plan no ob-

jection would now be raised by the saying :"What will you do if I should mission, but in those days the re- go away?" Just what he intended by former Ibiya was criticized by his that I do not know. But, Mr. Ibiya, white teachers for "commercializing" in his prompt, bold, and somewhat himself, consequently this helpful curt manner, took it as "a dare" and plan was abandoned. replied: "Go away, and we Bengas Man y yea r s after Ibiya was will take care of ourselves!" Not licensed as a preacher, and when, be- long after, in r877, Mr. De Heer did cause of deaths and removals to remove to Benita, and Mr. Ibiya was America, the Presbytery of Corisco appointed in charge of the Corisco was about to be without a quorum, church and school, and carried them Mr. Ibiya was ordained to the min- on successfully.

istry, on AprilS, r870, in order to Mr. Ibiya had four sons and save the organic life of the Presby- a daughter. One of the older sons, tery. who was wayward, and had fallen The location of the mission on an into drinking habits, was found dead island had been with the ideal in a ravine not far from his thought that the ocean would be free Mbangwehome. All that was known from the malaria of the mainland; was that he had been drinking with the three stations, Ugobi, for a an employee of the Spanish Adminis- Benga Boys' School; Evangasimba, trator on Elobi Island, and had gont for the church and a girls' school, on a journey with the latter to the and Elongo, for a mainland boys' mainland. That employee testified school, would relieve the sense ot that the young man was drunk, and isolation and afford comforting com- had fallen into the ravine. In his panionship. The educated Christian fatherly sorrow, Mr. Ibiya did not boys would be expected to go as believe that, and charged the em- evangelists to the mainland. But the ployee with having killed his son.

plan failed. The island proved as When the Administrator acquitted malarial as the mainland; the Benga his employee, Mr. Ibiya wrote him young men were not safe among the an indignant letter, and the Spaniard other tribes; and the mainland boys, punished him by exiling him to when they returned to their homes, prison on the island of Fernando Po.

were "prophets without honor." So The mission appointed me to write a the plan was abandoned. Ugobi's respectful letter there to the Gover- Benga school was combined with nor, who paroled Mr. Ibiya; and the Elongo; later, Evangasimba was pastor then diligently used his liberty transferred to Benita; leaving only in evangelistic itinerations on that Mr. and Mrs. De Heer at the one island. A year later he was released.

station, Elongo. Their removal, After Mr. Ibiya's death, the Cor- later, to Benita, was hastened by an isco affairs were carried on by na- act of Mr. Ihiya's. Mr. De Heer tives from Benita, until his youngest had preached an earnest sermon, son, Bodumba, completed his theo- urging the Bengas to more active logical course; and since his ordina- work, rehuking them for seeming to tion, he has continued his father's depend on white aid, and closing by work.

Progress In

BY REV. J. KRUIDENIER, CAIRO Missionary of the United Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., 1889 ~I NTERNAL peace and A campaign for raising money to aid external war have both Turkey was encouraged and wealthy Christians contributed, but beyond , resulted in good to the this no general movements were up- held. By Turkey's defeats men's cause of missions in minds became perplexed and many wondered not only at the pohtical Egypt. The disturbed course of events but also at their re- ligious significance. Moslem fatalism – condition which Lord faced the query: "What is becoming of Islam? Hath God forsaken the Kitchener found in the country, when Moslem? Victory no longer follows our religion." In consequence, en- Christians, and even Protestants, quirers of all kinds improved tllis state of doubt to learn for them- feared to speak their minds because selves.

of a universal dread of what Mos- No year in the history of lhe Egypt mission has found so many Moslems lem animosity might do, has been attending religious meetings or more willing to receive instruction in tlte followed by a regime requiring the word of God. Special meetings have been held for them at Assiut at burial of past differences. Both Minia, at Beni Suef, at Cairo, at Bilbeis, at Benboa, at Tanta, at Alex- Christians and Moslems have agreed andria and at smaller places. There have been audiences of considerable to live in peace. The firmness of the size gathered by the itinerant mis-_ sion .workers, Bible classes have been hand at the helm, the natural incli- taught at certain centers, scores upon scores of Moslems have been dealt nation of the people to yield rather with at hospitals, clinics, mission schools have been increasingly visited than incur displeasure, and the well- and individual missionaries have been privileged to meet many earnest known fruits of peace has brought seekers after truth who have visited them, like Nicodemus of old. In on a period of tranquility and of mu- some instances, this eagerness of some has stirred up the animosities tual respect. This has afforded an of others, and in Cairo and other centers a broken seat or pane of opportunity for true Christian ser- vice which the work in Egypt needed and improved. The attitude of Mos- lem, Copt and Protestant has in con- sequence been one of mutual re- spect and forbearance and has in many instances lead to a preaching and a hearing of the Gospel.

At the same time, events in Morocco and the war in Tripoli, followed so rapidly by the war in the Balkans, has affected Egypt not a little. Deep sympathies were stirred for their co- religionists, cooperation was hoped for and was planned among the Mos- lems, but the same firm hand that had initi~ted peace now maintained neutrality and thus guaranteed pros- perity to the· dwellers on the Nile.

glass has occasionally testified to the The Church Missionary Society, the presence of would-be disturbers of Egypt General Mission, the Nile Mis- the peace, yet the size of the crowds _ sion Press and others working in that have come to hear, their interest the field, as well as the American, in the questions under dispute, their United Presbyterian Mission have improved behavior over former years, participated in these signs of God's and the individual hearts deeply af- blessings. Weare encouraged to be- fected, all bespeak the Father's solici- lieve that God will visit Egypt with tude for His lost children. new signs and wonders and will yet This work is witnessed to by all fulfil His saving promise, "Blce'sed mission-agencies operating the field. be Egypt, my people."

An African View of the Gospel BY FRANK L. MYONGO, HAN]I, BENITO, WEST AFRICA A Native Pastor in the American Presbyterian Mission URELY God is here, two of his wives and live with only IU.- -.and He is working one. He said: "I am going to follow S great things among the Jesus Chtist. I can have nothing more to do with any but one wife." people of this nation. He told me that if these women did not soon find men to marry them he Altho this church is would let them go free without ask- weak and small, God is ing anything back for what he had paid for them. in it, using the weak instrument of Another man, by the name of His people in this church, working Agande, told me last March that he had given up three of his wives, one wonders by raising dead souls into of them with three children, which are a great treasure to the natives. spiritual life, gradually dispelling He said: "What more do I lack to be able to unite with the church?" darkness and ignorance. His employment is connected with the rum business-as a clerk in a fac- One man, who was a great drunk- tory handling rum-so I told him he must first abandon handling that ard, a vicious person, and had two deadly stuff.

wives, became a Christian. He sep- Christ Himself is, indeed, working through His light-bearers, and conarated from one and remained with ditions are changing. What joy and courage fill my heart to see these the other as his lawful wife. He people coming to Christ for the sal- vation of their souls. God is using gave up his evil habits, and is now His servants to save them.

an elder of the church, preaching at Nume congregation. He has com- pleted building a house of worship at his own expense, and he preaches without salary. His name is Majoka.

Another man, whose name is Jombe, was a polygamist. At the beginning of last year he called his three wives to the public house and told them that he had finished with his old life and must separate from

Christianity is Doing

the World * BY THE LATE SAMUEL B. CAPEN, M.A., LL.D. Formerly President of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions INETEEN hundred Let us look a little more closely at tJN years ago the fulness what Christianity has wrought. ., of time had come and 1st. Respect for Woman and her the world was ready Place in the World.-In nations where Christianity has not entered, for God's mp.ssage of woman has everywhere been de- graded and has been used as a slave I.. . love through Jesus and a drudge. It was once thought impossible for her to be taught, and . Christ. His life here that it would be easier to teach a cow to read. Girl babies were often was brief, only thirty-three years thrown away as of no value. If you asked a father how many children from Bethlehem to Calvary, and but he had, he would simply give the number of his boys. Woman was three of these were spent in His pub- kept in ignorance, and therefore was the more superstitious. One of our lic ministry; yet that life and that former missionaries to China, the Honorable Chester A. Holcomb, who death have changed the world. The afterward became Secretary of Lega- tion for the United States in Peking, nations then were full of selfishness, told me of his many conferences with Chinese officials upon this point. He licentiousness, and corruption; human contended that China would never be a great nation until she began to life was considered of little worth; it educate her girls. Now that great nation has begun to do this very was a world ruled by the law of thing. . . . force and not by the law of love. Where Christianity has entered The new message of Christ told us there is a growing recognition that woman is the equal of man in every of the Father's infinite love and of way. She should have the same legal rights. In the United States His eagerness to forgive every wan- she has now equal chances in educa- tion; the vast majority of teachers dering child who would return to in our public schools, and the presi- Him. It was a message of hope and dents of some of our largest col- leges, are educated women. Not cheer, it called all men to a life of long ago a woman professor in one of our women's colleges was called holiness. He told us that true great- to be the Professor of Philosophy in one of the greatest universities for ness consisted in service, and that there could be an immortal life of joy and of blest progress forever.

The years that we spend here, He further told us, were not the real life, but only the preparation for it; the real life is beyond. . . .

Nineteen centuries have gone by, and now England, Germany, and the United States, the three great Protes- tant nations, rule very nearly 600,000,- 000 people, and 82 per cent. of the ter- ritory of the world is controlled by Christian nations. The English lan- guage is becoming the universal lan- guage in the, student world, and Eng- lish literature is the language oj morality and of the noblest ideals.

• Extracts from an address at the Cente<nary of America's Christian connection with India, delivered in Bombay, 'Dr. Capen died in Shanghai on January 29, 1914.

men in the whole world. Where the wonderful work of John and Christianity has entered, universal re- Charles Wesley, and how under God spect is paid to her. In the stations they spiritually saved Great Britain of elevated railroads in Boston you in a' critical hour in her history. But will find this notice posted, "Women who molded the Wesleys and made first, please"; it is generally under- them what they were but their stood that they are to be given the mother? This is a truth in tens of best seats. The first institution God thousands of homes to-day in every made was the home, and woman as Christian land. . . . the mother of the children is the center of it. Christianity has made her 3rd. The Sacredness of the Sabthe queen there. • . . No wonder bath Day.-Every nation has had women love Christ, for it is His days of worship for its gods, but teaching which has lifted them to where there is no Christ these days their present proud position of in- are holidays, or days for revelling fluence. Perhaps there is no part of and debauchery. Christianity teaches missionary work of greater value that we are to "remember the Sabthan that which the Christian women bath day to keep it holy." Christ of the West have helped to do in honored the day by entering the creating homes for their sisters in sanctuary and considering the truths other lands. I use the word "create" of revelation; He made it a day of advisedly, as there is no home of mercy and of good to others. We the highest type except where the need the Sabbath day for our physireligion of Christ has come. Look cal needs; it is a necessity written at Grecian and Roman civilization by the Almighty in the constitution at its best, and see how degraded of every man. Some very interesttheir women were. When the re- ing experiments were made a little ligion of Christ came, the contrast time ago by a professor in one of was so great that a pagan orator of our great universities, in which, with the second century said, "What wo- the aid of a microscope, it was men these Christians have I" Chris- shown conclusively that it requires tianity gives to women her proper a certain number of hours to restore place, and her power, exhibited in the brain cell to its proper size and home life, is helping to re-shape the condition after severe fatigue. A nations. night's rest alone is not sufficient; there must be added to the rest of 2nd. Following what Christianity the night a longer cessation in order has done for woman, let us notice, as that the brain may recuperate. It almost a part of it, the Sacredness of has been well said, "We find the Marriage.-Where the principles of Fourth Commandment i nth e Christ have never entered, the mar- twentieth century echoed from the riage tie has been lightly held; plural biological laboratory with tremendous wives, wives of inferior rank, wives emphasis." Still more do we need kept and used as slaves, have been the Sabbath Day for our intellectual and spiritual needs; we need a day the rule. We know the wretched- when we can forget the field and ness and the degradation of it all. the shop and can cultivate that Compare this with Christian mar- which has to do with the deeper riage, one woman with one man, as things of life. No man can omit e~uals, as partners together for joy this without certainly and steadily or for sorrow, for better or for retrograding. One of the judges of worse, to the end of life. There our Massachusetts Supreme Court is love and devotion each for the has given splendid testimony by conother, a love which does not hesitate fessing that he, like many other pronor falter even unto death. The fessional men, had at one time in his mightiest force in the world to-day life given up the habit of going to is the Christian home. We know

WHAT CHRISTIANITY IS DOING FOR THE WORLD

church, thinking that nature and We confess with shame the imbooks would minister to him suffi- mense use that is still made of alcociently; but he declares that he be- holic drinks and the great amount came conscious under these condi- exported to curse other nations. In tions of a deterioration of his moral fact, intemperance has been parnature as he dwelt aloof from the ticularly a sin of the West, and you Church and its privileges, and he at in the East have been comparatively once resumed churchgoing. free from the evil. We recognize that commercial interests in America I have dwelt at such length on the and England have curst Africa and Christian Sabbath because it has been many parts of Asia with the blightthe institution that has had so much ing effects of alcohol in various to do in making the British Empire forms; it is a reproach to us, and we and America great. It is the very do not hesitate here and everywhere bulwark of our liberties. Destroy to speak our severest words of conthe sacredness of that day, let it demnation. But the moral forces of become what such days are in non- the nation are arrayed against the Christian nations, and the doom of saloon, and it is being treated more both Great Britain and America and more as an outlaw and a conwould be written…. stant peril. Even since I was a boy 4th. Duty of Personal Purity.-It there has been an almost complete revolution in social customs. The was Christ Who first laid supreme Christian Endeavor Convention, in emphasis not only upon the outer its session last July, declared as its conduct, but also upon the inner motto, "A saloonless United States thought. His word was, "Blessed in 1920," which will be the three hunare the pure in heart, for they shall dredth anniversary of the landing of see God." He taught the world that the Pilgrim Fathers on Plymouth the sin of lust is in the thought of Rock. the heart, and that this comes before the outward act. "As a man 6th. Public Schools. – Wherever thinketh, so is he." We know the Christ comes and the Spirit of God awful immoralities permitted in non- changes the human soul, there is not Christian lands-not only permitted, only a spiritual but a mental change. but often encouraged in the name of Men's intellectual faculties are quick- ened, and they desire knowledgereligion. No man can be a Chris- knowledge of God first, and then tian, however, who does not strive knowledge of God's world and of for a clean heart and a pure life…. truth in every realm. Even under Christianity is a religion of purity. the Mosaic law children were to be taught the things that were best. 5th. Duty of Temperance.-I have Christianity has laid new emphasis especial reference to alcoholic liquors. upon intelligence. As immortal souls, Intemperance is one of the curses it teaches us that we are bound to make the most of ourselves. Wherof the world. Wherever Christian- ever Christianity enters, there you ity enters it strikes a blow at this find at once the beginning of the evil and urges total abstinence for school and the college. Certainly the individual. There have been tre- ill a republic like the United States, mendous gains in public sentiment where all men have the ballot, it during the last few years. Saloons must of necessity be an intelligent are being more and more abolished; ballot if the country is to stand. An several States in America have en- ignorant ballot is a dangerous baltire prohibition legislation, and there lot. . . are many others where in large portions of the State no saloons are per- The spirit of Christianity, which mitted. Where it is not possible to is the spirit of brotherhood, is in abolish the saloon, the law hedges it about by greater restrictions, and permits less personal profits.

them all, giving to the humblest and either great or Christian unless it the poorest equal opportunities with fully respects the rights of the poorthe child from the home of wealth. est and the meanest. Christ has President Wilson' has recently said, come with His message of good-will "I should be afraid to go forward if and love and hope and cheer; He has I did not believe that there lay at taught that every man is brother to the foundation of all our schooling every other man. This truth· is as and of all our thought the incom- broad as the world; it does not conparable and unimpeachable Word of fine itself to the needy in one's own God." country. There is something greater now than "nationalism"; it is "int"er- 7th. Respect for the Weak and the nationalism" ; and the missionary Poor.-The power of Christianity is learned the meaning of this word seen in a wonderful way in the love before the statesman. and the care which are shown to the sick and dependent. Take the 9th. Civil and Religious Liberty.- directory of any great city, and you The history of the past has everywill be surprized at the solid columns where shown the tendency of the strong to oppress the weak and the that give the names of the religious, poor. It is the religion of Christ philanthropic, and humanitarian 50- which has taught that God made of deties. There are many hundreds one blood all the nations of the earth; that white men and black men, red of these. There are institutions to men and yellow .men are all alike provide a home for the orphan, for His children. All men are brothers, whatever their condition, and are to the poor, and for the insane; there be treated as such. The Sermon on are hospitals for the sick, free to all the Mount laid the foundation for who are in need. The prisoner also democracy. The wonderful letter of is kindly cared for, even his con- St. Paul to Philemon shows that in finement is regarded no . longer the Kingdom of God there can be recognized no such position as that merely as a punishment for wrollg of master and slave, but that all done, but as a means of reclaiming alike stand on the same level as him from his sin and bringing him Christ's free men. . . . Wherever back again to society as a better man. Christianity goes, there is awakened This law of love, which is the l~w of this spirit of a common manhood and a passionate desire for liberty of Christ, cares also for the dumb conscience and personal freedom. Coupled with this, there is always animals; it makes any abuse of them a recognition of the duty of obea criminal act, and provides humanely dience to all righteous law and of for those that are suffering. Christ's loyalty to government. . . . While the interest in the sick and the needy preaching of Christianity has natur- ally set men free to think for themwhen upon earth is being repeated selves, and led them to struggle wherever His Name is spoken. He toward better conditions everywhere, yet, to the credit of our missionaries Who took the children in His arms it should be said that they have al- ways taught the Christian's duties of and blest them is seeing that same patience and charity. Some day spirit manifested in every Christian oppression ot every kind will cease, land. and Christ's message, that greatness consists not in wealth or power or 8th. Where Christ comes there is position, but in service for others, Opposition to all Forms of Cruelty, will be everywhere triumphant. Oppression and Slazlery.-In non- Christian lands the poor have always suffered at the hands of the rich and strong. Might has perpetrated every form of wickedness, and human SUffering has called out to heaven for relief. No man, how- ever, can be a Christian and not he kind and considerate to others. It is equally true that no nation can be

WHAT CHRISTIANITY IS DOING FOR THE WORLD

loth. Christianity is everywhere a tremendous business or it could not changing Social Conditions.-There afford any such sums for publicity. is always growth and progress in a These college students were asked vital Christian life, whether it be of to name some of the big concerns the individual or the nation. Where which are so familiar to the Ameri- Christianity enters there can be no can public through their advertising, and the speaker promised to tell in stagnation, but development and bet- what kind of religious work the head terment in all social conditions. The of that concern was engaged. It was class system and the spirit of caste most impressive to find how many must give way, as Christ bids every of the greatest leaders in the busiman to work out the best that is in ness world were active in the Church him. As Christianity becomes su- of Christ. Last June, when the preme in national life, all forms of advertising men had their annual injustice are abolished, the hours and meeting in the city of Baltimore, conditions of labor are made more twenty-seven of the pulpits were ochumane, and a fair wage is paid. cupied by these business men on the Justice is coming to be the dominant morning of the following Sabbath. note, and employers and employees During their convention members alike recognize their mutual obliga- of the American Medical Associa- tion recently supplied the pUlpits for tions. Child labor is being reduced, a hundred churches in Minneapolis and as rapidly as possible will be and the adjoining city of St. Paul. abolished altogether. The child The Christian laymen in business and should be educated, not only for its the professions are everywhere comown sake but in order that thereby ing to the front as preachers of civic it may eventually be of the greatest righteousness. service to the nation. Christ's rule of doing unto others what we would 12th. It is important to remember have others do unto us is binding in that in the United States more and the business world. The one talent more Christian men are bei1J,g elected or more which God gives to every to Places of Public Trust.-All one of us is to be used, not hidden, parties or groups of men hesitate to and Christianity is everywhere creat- nominate for the highest positions ing the social conditions which make men of immoral or doubtful habits. possible such development and The present Administration in progress. 'Illashington is a fine illustration of this. President Wilson, the Vice- lIth. Christianity is changing the President, and the Secretary of State Business W orld.-The influence of are all elders in the Presbyterian Christianity is being felt increasingly Church. The Secretaries of Comin the business world, and a large merce, War, and the Treasury, and proportion of the most successful the Attorney-General are Episcobusiness men in the United States palians. The Secretary of the Navy are active workers in the Christian is a Methodist, and the Postmaster- Church. Supreme, sometimes al- General a Baptist. There have been most brutal, selfishness· is giving in recent years great efforts to purify place to cooperation and to the sub- the government in many of our stitution of the "Golden Rule in cities, which has been too often corplace of the rule of gold." To quote rupt. In almost every case the leadfrom another, "Big business is nearly ers in municipal reform have been always real religion." This was Christian men. tested recently before an audience of over four hundred bright college The same Christian character is students. Any firm that carries full- seen also in the public men of Great page advertisements in many maga- Britain. . . . From King and Presizines at a cost of $4,clOO for a single insertion in one magazine, must do dent, through the various grades of

officials of both England and the "war against war" until it is driven United States, Christian men are from the earth. . . . more and more in the places of power and influence. The present effort for a permanent arbitral court and for world peace 13th. Christianity also Works Stead- is an effort to make our Christianity ily for Better International Relations. practical to every nation. When we -It opposes war and pleads for the make Christianity more and more settlement of all international disputes dominant in our national policies, by courts of arbitration. Individuals then will every missionary have his no longer settle personal disputes by power and influence doubled, barriers dueling, but in the courts and before and hates will be removed, and the the magistrates. Christianity de- angels' song of nineteen centuries clares that difficulties among nations ago, "Peace on earth, good-will to must be settled in the same way. men," will be changed from prophecy There is no finer illustration of what into history. Christianity can do than the objectlesson presented by the United States 14th. Unconscious Infiuence.-We and Canada. For nearly one hun- must not fail to notice what we may fairly caIl the unconscious influence dred years these two nations, with of Christianity, which, tho working a boundary line three thousand indirectly, is permeating society miles long, without a gunboat or everywhere. In the United States fortification, have lived in perfect great gifts for hospitals and for peace. It is an object lesson of every form of philanthropic work what will be possible all over the are coming from men, some of whom world when Christianity has its full are not nominally Christians, but power. Then it will be possible to who yet are influenced by the unstop the present fearful waste of selfish spirit which Jesus Christ money and of men in preserving the brought into the world. The fact is armed peace of the world. that with us now many rich men are almost ashamed to die unless either In contrast with the condition be- before their death or in their wills tween the United States and Canada, they do something liberal for the note the awful conditions in Europe world; if they fail to do this there to-day and the craze for militarism. is a tendency to bitterness at their Alfred Noyes, the gifted English neglect of a great obligation. The poet, has exprest the thought that spirit of Christianity is silently per- England, France, and Germany are meating the national life. A leper throwing their billions into a bottom- asylum was recently opened in less pit. The pity of it all is that the Tokyo. There was a thoughtful humanity of Europe is crying for Buddhist visitor at the opening who bread, and for the bread of life, and said, "Our people are clever, and Europe can not spare the money for they can argue for their Buddhism either. As things are going now, as well as your missionaries can the're will soon be no money for the argue for their Christianity, but they relief of poverty, for the working have no argument to bring against class no education or insurance, for this kind of Christianity." the aged no pensions; nothing for fighting tuberculosis or other dis- Among Christian men there is a eases, for decent homes, for culture, growing conception of the meaning but all for militarism. The joyful of "stewardship"; in fact, it is givthought is that the churches and the ing place in many minds to a new Christian spirit in all these lands word, "partnership." Too many are fighting desperately this warlike men in the past have started with a spirit; leagues of Christian' men in wrong idea, believing that their England and Germany and the money was their own, and that it United States are being formed to was entirely optional with them

WHAT CHRISTIANITY IS DOING FOR THE WORLD

whether they gave or not. When felt a jar as the world spins on its asked for a gift for foreign missions axis, or sweeps round the sun? Has they treated your request as they anyone ever heard any creak of the would one to buy a ticket for a lec- machinery that lifts the tides? So, ture or concert, as a matter simply many of the spiritual forces are of personal choice or inclination. silent, but we see their results, real, But now more and more men are definite, and of supreme importance.

beginning to see that they are not Of course we realize that in the the real owners of anything, but only nations where Christianity has made trustees under God of all they have. its greatest progress there still exist This is a difference almost as great enormous evils; intemperance and as that between light and darkness. the social evil prevail in all their The question is not, "How much of awful forms; slums are found in the mine shall I give," but, "What part cities; and wicked men make money of the Lord's money, and time, and at the expense of others. Neverthe- talents shall I keep for myself." It less, where Christianity is at work i~ not what is given but what is left there is always a constant protest that measures the gift from God's against all such evils. An aroused pub- standpoint. He could convert the lic conscience, which hates wrong, is world without human help, but He ceaseless in urging efforts to restrict has chosen to take men into partner- and finally to remove every evil. The ship with Himself in the greatest great leaders of public thought are work in the world. In asking money more and .more on the side of right- for missions we are inviting men to eousness, and in its irrepressible con- go into partnership with God in the flict against evil the good is steadily work which brought Christ into the and irresistibly gaining. The nation world and to the Cross. It is this that is living in the spirit of Christ new conception of stewardship which is on the winning side, for His has changed and is changing the truth is yet to rule the world. Chris- lives of thousands of men. tianity alone can make a nation really 15th. There is not time to cover great. What history has proved in what we sometimes call the "By- the past will be true in all the future.

products" of Missions.-I refer to Christianity is the only superhuman only one as of special interest to the religion given by God in the person students of the world. Foreign mis- of Jesus Christ to save the world.

sionaries have made large contribu- It is the missionary more than any tions to various branches of science other man who has changed the -geography, philology, botany, course of history and altered the zoology, etc. To quote from Pro- map of the nations….

fessor Agassiz, one of the world's In the whole history of the past greatest scientists, "Few are aware century there is nothing so magnifi- how much we owe our missionaries, cent as the missionary story. In the both for their intelligent observation majesty of its conception, in the of facts and for their collections of heroism of its leaders, in the great- specimens. We must look to them ness of its results, it stands without not a little for aid in our efforts to a peer. Material growth, great in- advance future science." Every mis- ventions, progress in science and art, sionary station has been well called are as nothing compared with this "a scientific observatory." mighty work born in the heart of Such are some of the changes that God and given to His children to Christianity is producing in the work out in all the earth; other world. Its influence is often silent, things may be forgotten, but the but it is none the less real; some of triumphs of missions carried on in the mightiest forces in the material the name of Jesus Christ will outlive world are silent. Has anyone ever the centuries.

OF BEST

SUMMER CONFERENCES AND SCHOOLS OF MISSION-STUDY OON after the dawn There are now 14 of these schools, with an aggregate enrolment last mS of the twentieth cen- year of more than 4,000. tury something new was inaugurated in the In 1907 the first Woman's Sum- way 0 f missionary mer-school of Home Missions was methods-the holding held at Silver Bay. This, too, of summer conferences was marked by God's blessing, and schools for the study of missions and the next year it was reand missionary methods. peated at East Northfield. Other schools have followed in rapid The Missionary Education Move- succession, until now there are 9, at ment began it in July, 1902, when in which 4,542 women were definitely response to a call to those interested registered last year for the study of in the training of leaders for mis- home missions. At the popular meetsionary work in the Sunday-school ings in the evening the attendance and Young People's Societies, 160 was very much larger. It is worthy delegates gathered for a ten days' of note that in some of the more reconference at Silver Bay, on Lake cently established Women's Summer- George. This proved so helpful that schools the study of both home and the next year it waS repeated, with foreign missions is included. 477 delegates in attendance, and a second conference was held for work- Since the formation of the Layers in the South, at Lookout Moun- men's Missionary Movement, the tain. The third year a third confer- men, too, have had their summer ence was added at Winona Lake, in training school, beginning with the Indiana. Since then the number has year 19II, at Lake Geneva, Wis- rapidly increased. Last year nine consin. Tho not large, this has been conferences were held in the United wonderfully inspiring and helpful, States and Canada, under the aus- last year about 125 leaders being pices of the Movement, with a total present from the Middle States. This registration of 1,622, and this sum- year they are planning for at least mer three new ones will be added. The idea has also spread across the 300 delegates. sea. "Such conferences are now held In addition to these interdenomi- in Great Britain, Germany, Den- mark, Norway, Sweden, and Switzer- national conferences and schools, land," says Mr. Harry S. Myers, one many others are held each summer of the secretaries of the Movement, in different parts of the country un- "and all have grown out of the con- der denominational auspices. Some ferences we hold in this country." of them are exclusively missionary. others only partially so; but in all In July, 1904, in order to meet the special emphasis is laid on the sub- need for trained leaders for classes ject, and the attendance is large and studying the text-books of the United enthusiastic. Study of Foreign Missions Courses, the first Woman's Summer-school of If we include the twelve summer Foreign Missions was held at East conferences of the Young- Women's Northfield, Massachusetts, with 212 Christian Association, the College delegates enrolled. It proved such a Young Men's Conferences, the large success that the next year there were number of popular Chautauquas, the many camp-meetings and denomina- 335 delegates, and new schools were tional state and sectional assemblies opened at Winona and Chautauqua. which have mission study and mis- sionary addresses on their programs, A LAYMEN'S MISSIONARY CONFERENCE AT LAKE GENEVA, WISCONSIN it will be seen that the number The expenses connected with atreached by the missionary message tendances at these conferences have during the summer months runs up been reduced to a minimum. No- where can vacations, with equal adinto the thousands. vp,ntages, be had at such a low figure. An Ideal VacatioD "At the Lake Geneva Conference, the "These summer conferences are expense for the five days will not great," exclaimed the president of exceed $12.50," says the Layman's the County Sunday-school Associa- Missipnary M ovemmt. "This in- tion not long ago. "They do a lot chIdes every expense from Chicago for missions and provide ideal vaca- and return, i.e., railway fare, boat tions besides." fare, board, lodging, and a registra- From the beginning the promo- tion fee of $2.00. It is cheaper than ters of these conferences have had staying at home for some men, and to this dual idea in mind. The sites all it is worth many times more than have been chosen largely because of its cost. Men get things at this con- their exceptional advantages as at- ference that money will pot buy."

tractive vacation centers, and many At Silver Bay the entire cost, ex- of them are far-famed for their clusive of traveling expenses, is beauty. Mountain, hillside, lake, and .$20.00. This includes lodging, board ocean afford every variety of out- at the hotel, enrolment · in study- door life, and tennis courts, running classes taught by experts, and partici- tracks, baseball diamonds, boat and pation in all the privileges of the bath houses, and swimming piers pro- conference grounds. Where else vide for the fullest possible enjoy- could a ten days' outing at a sum- ment. mer hotel be had for this stlm?

In the preparation of the programs, The combination of rest and recre- too, the vacation idea has not been ation with eqtlipment for service and overlooked. The afternoons are kept fellowship with God, makes a strong free for rest and recreation, and appeal to Christian workers, and the there are carefully arranged sched- attendance is growing l<j.rger eVery ules of hikes, excursions, athletic year. The thorougl1ll Christiqp. at- contests on land and water, and de- mosphere of these 'schools in the nominational social gatherings. woods," the association with those

of like purpose in life, and the per- sions in all churches that have sent sonal contact with the great leaders delegates. Our best mission-study in the Lord's army, make them ideal. class leaders and those actively at "It is a wonderful thing to live for work introducing missionary instruc- ten days in a Christian community tion into the Sunday-school are, in where no one smokes, no one drinks, the great majority of cases, leaders and everything is run on a thorough- who have had training at some sum- ly Christian basis," said ex-Congress- mer-school. It is true also that quite man Bennet, at Silver Bay last sum- a number of our newly appointed mer. "I had always imagined what missionaries have received inspira- a joy it would be to live under such tion in these assemblies." – The conditions, but I never expected to American Board.

realize it this side of heaven. I shall "If the hundreds of women at the try to be here next year." summer-schools of missions could be Do the Conferences Pay? multiplied like leaves there would be no trouble in enlisting women for Do they pay? Let these testimo- missions. Every woman goes home a nials, gathered from many sources, live wire."-Mrs. Helen Barr e t t give the ;:tnswer: Montgomery.

"Representation at these summer "My own home church (Brown conferences has transformed the life Memorial . Presbyterian, Baltimore, of my church."-A pastor. Md.) has had new relations to the "The second summer conference missionary enterprise as a result of of the Layman's Missionary Move- 'sending two of us to Silver Bay in ment is the biggest single factor that 1903, and other delegates to summer has entered my life except my con- conferences each succeeding year.

version and my call to preach."-A · For myself, I am glad to testify pastor. ·that the conference at Silver Bay in "Twenty-five delegates from my 1903 gave me my first clear appre- church have attended the various ciation of and consequent interest in summer conferences under the direc- the missionary enterprise, and un- tion of the Missionary Education doubtedly started me in the direction Movement. The result has been that which I have since followed."-B.

eleven of those delegates are now on Carter Millikin, Secretary of the De- the mission field or under appoint- partment of Missionary Education, ment. Five other young men have ·Presbyterian Board.

gone into the Christian ministry, and To these personal testimonies may I feel that the greatest spiritual up- be added the following instances of lift that has ever come to my church churches and individuals that have is directly traceable to these confer- ·been greatly profited by attendance ences."-A pastor. at summer schools: The thing that imprest me most In a Presbyterian church in New of all was the tremendous power of Jerse.y ·the missionary educational the Layman's Movement. Wherever work, and, indeed, all the educa- it can reach men it is bound to set tional work, has been made over as them on fire. Personally, life can a result of the influence of summer never be the same after those days conferences.

at Geneva."-A· missionary. In a Cincinnati, Ohio, suburban "I am continually hearing of the church a great· mission-study cam- profit derived by individuals and paign and other' work has been ac- churches from attending summer complished by delegates that attended conferences."-A Board Secretary. conferences at Lake Geneva, Wis- "We may say in general of the consin.

summer conferences that they have In a St. Louis church remarkable greatly stimulated interest in mis- work has· been done through the

DEPARTMENT· OF BEST METHODS

young people as a result of sending Bra~don, Manitoba, July 2-9. one young man to a conference af Knowlton, Quebec, July 14–21. '!Tinona Lake some years ago. Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, July 14–21.

In a Pennsylvania church the wife Wolfville, Nova Scotia, July 24-31. Edmonton, Alberta, July 23-30.

of the pastor has done great things New Campbellton, Cape Breton, August since her attendance at Silver Bay 4–12.

last year. Inquiries concerning these confer- In a Vermont church an aggres- ences may be addrest to the secre- taries of the various Mission Boards, sive and successful immigrant cam- who will be glad to send circulars paign, that enlisted the entire church, and full information concerning has been conducted by one of last them. The enrolment fee is $5.00 summer's delegates to Silver Bay. payable in advance. In aNew Jersey church, the chair- Under the auspices of the Federaman of the missionary committee of the Sunday-school, who is doing a tion of Woman's Boards of Foreign remarkable work among the children, Missions, fourteen summer schools received her inspiration at Silver will be held, as follows: Bay.

Two of the expert leaders sent East Northfield, Massachusetts, July 10from New York to conduct normal 17. classes for stewards in preparation for "The World in Chicago," re- Winona Lake, Indiana, June 25–July 2. ceived their inspiration at summer- Boulder, Colorado, July 7-14. Mount Hermon, California, July 2()"'25. Los Angeles, California, July 14-18.

schools. Merriam Park, Minnesota, June 17-23. . A Massachusetts girl, who has writ- Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, June 1-7. ten one of the most popular mission- Okobiji, Arnold Park, Iowa, July 24– study books, had the whole direction of her life changed through atten- August 2. dance at Silver Bay, and has been Omaha, Nebraska, June 22-29. doing effective work ever since. Wooster, Ohio, August 7-13. Two sisters, who have become ex- Summerland Beach, Ohio, AUg'Ust 9-13. pert mission-study leaders and are in Duluth, Minnesota, June 1()"'17. great demand as teachers of normal Chautauqua, New York, August 22-29. classes, both in their own denomina- Mont Eagle, Tennessee, July 12–17. tion and outside, are shining examples of what summer-schools can do. Information concerning these can At one of the conferences of the be obtained by writing to the denomi- Missionary Education Movement, at- national Woman's Board nearest to tended by 260 delegates, 27 volun- the school. The enrolment fee for teered for the foreign field and 12 for most of them is $I.OO, payable on work in home missions. registration.

Nine summer schools will be held, as follows, under the auspices of the Council of Women for Home Mis- sions: Interdenominational Summer School. Boulder, Colorado. July 7-14. for 1914 East Northfield, Massachusetts, July 17- During the summer of 1914, the 24. Missionary Education Movement will Los Angeles, California. July 12-18. conduct twelve conferences, as fol- St. Paul, Minnesota, June 17-23. lows: Mount Hermon, California, Tuly 2()…25. Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, June 1-7. Blue Ridge, North Carolina, June 26- Omaha, Nebraska. June 22–29. July 5. Winona Lake, Indiana, June 25–July 2. Chautauqua, New York, August 15–21. Asilomar (near Pacific Grove), Califor- nia, July 3-12. For information abo u t t b e s e schools write to the Women's Boards Silver Bay, New York, July 1()"'19. of Home Missions. The enrolment .Estes Park, Colorado, July 17-26. fee in most of them is $I.OO. Lake Geneva, Wisconsin, August 4-13. Whitby, Ontario, July 2-9.

The fourth annual summer con- leaders as delegates to the summer ference of the Layman's Missionary training conferences of the ensuing Movement will be held at Lake Ge- summer.

neva, Wisconsin, July 29-August 3. Money to Send Delegates Application for enrolment may be made through any mission board, or It costs money to go away to by addressing Mr. F. J. Mitchel, school, missionary summer-schools as Field Secretary, Layman's Mission- well as others, and many of those ary Movement, I9 South La Salle who would make the best delegates Street, Chicago, Ill. The enrolment and who would profit most by the fee is $2.00. training, are not able to meet their own expenses. In view of this, the Summer School Alumni Associations Missionary Education Movement "Experience has clearly demon- makes the following suggestions as strated," says the Missionary Educa- to how the money can be secured: tion Movement, "that by far the I. By direct appropriation fron.

largest factor in securing attendance the treasury of the local church or at the summer conferences is the Sunday-school. Experience proves personal work of former delegates." that the money will return to the In view of this, at the meeting of church multiplied manyfold, if not its Board of Managers, at Silver Bay in actual contributions, in the more last July, the Movement resolved to important form of deeper spiritual recommend the formation of Sum- life and the quickening of all the mer-school Alumni Associations in activities of the church.

all cities or centers where there are z. Get individuals who can not go delegates who have attended one or to give money to send a representa- more summer missionary schools, the tive. "Go or send" is a good sum- purpose being to stimulate attend- mer-school slogan.

ance at the summer conferences and 3. If possible, have the delegate extend and conserve their influence in pay a part of his own expense, so the churches at home. that two can be sent instead of one.

The charter-membership in these 4. Have the Sunday-school, Young associations should include all for- People's Society, and the missionary mer delegates to any summer-school, societies of the church unite in send- denominational or interdenomination- ing a delegate.

al, and new delegates be admitted to 5. Where the churches are small, membership as soon as possible after an effort should be made to get the the close of the conference period district, presbyterial, diocesan, or each summer. In addition to re- other similar organization, to send lJ.

unions attended by the members only, delegate, the expense to be met either the Movement recommends the hold- by the organization itself or by small ing of two meeting-s a year, to which subscriptions from the individual other missionary leaders and work- churches.

ers are invited, as follows: 6. In centers where normal mis- I. A meeting- as early as possible sion-study .classes are to be con- in the fall for the organization of the ducted during the year, the members missionary education plan of the of the class could well afford to pay year, including plans for normal mis- the expenses of their leader.

sion-study classes, missionary work A Call to Prayer in the Sunday-school, etc.

z. A second meeting some time The summer conferences of 1914 after January 1st for the purpose of will be truly blest in proportion to reviewing the work of the fall, plan- the amount of earnest prayer that ning for the campaign of the spring, goes up to God for them. Without and especially for enlisting potential much prayer they may have some

OF BEST METHODS

small measure of success, but if they claimed a pastor at a foreign mis- are to yield much fruit and have sionary convention held in Indian- real influence in advancing God's apolis, Indiana, many years ago. "If kingdom, it must be through the it were possible, I would take a prayers of God's children-those who bottle of it home; I would get my go and those who stay at home. people together and seat them in a The announcements of all the sum- long, semicircular row; then I would mer missionary schools make a strong pass along the whole line, and, care- appeal for prayer. The following fully uncorking the bottle under the definite petitions have been culled nostrils of each, give him the enjoy- from them and arranged, as follows: ment and stimulus of the delicious Before the Conferences Open and vivifying fragrance." Later in the day Doctor Arthur Pray that all the plans of the conferences may be in accordance with Mitchell gave a recipe for carrying the will of God. home "Bottles of enthusiasm" that may prove helpful to summer-school Pray that the leaders and speakers may be directed by the Holy Spirit delegates. in the preparation of their messages. "It is true," he said, "that fervid Pray that the delegates may be emotion, like effervescence from the wisely chosen. mixture of chemical elements, is necessarily evanescent. It must be While the Conferences are in Session enjoyed in the few minutes while it Pray that in every session the lasts, and its permanent value is in presence and power of God may be . the effects it has produced on our felt. souls. The enthusiasm can not be Pray that all In attendance- bottled up and carried home, but the speakers, leaders, and delegates- elements from which it was gener- may have· new visions of God and of ated can be. These are the facts duty. concerning the needs of unevangel- Pray that all delegates may have ized men and our duty in regard to responsive hearts to meet new calls them. When you get these you have for time, money, and service. something that will keep-something Pray that such delegates as God you can carry home. Going before may call to the mission field may re- your people with these well secured spond with joy and rej oicing. and prepared, just as the chemist Pray that the churches at home goes before his class with his retorts may be aroused to their missionary and crucibles and the dull salts he privileges and opportunities. puts into them, you can generate the After the Conferences enthusiasm you want just as he does the fragrant or pungent gases that Pray that the close of the confer- bubble up under his glass receiver, ences may mark the beginning of more and can be smelled or inhaled by his prayerful and effective effort for auditors. Knowledge, stirred up with world-wide evangelization. appropriate appeal, will always gener- Pray that the delegates may be ate enthusiasm." able to carry home and transmit to others something of what they have Summer Conference Echo Meetinlrs gained. The influence of the summer con- Pray that new interest may be ferences and schools can be greatly extended by the holding of Echo stirred up in the churches, and that Meetings when the delegates get any new work inaugurated may be home. These may be either union abundantly successful.

Bottles of Enthusiasm meetings, addrest by all delegates "0 that this enthusiasm could be who attended any summer-school, or bottled up and carried away!" ex- meetings of individual churches or

organizations which sent delegates. In sary. Certain methods, if observed almost all communities, there is am- by either the novice or the profesple room for both. sional reporter, will insure more or less adequate reports of what occurs. A recent number of The Horne One sees what he is looking for. The Mission Monthly tells of a "Post- newspaper reporter goes after news, Summer-school Meeting" held by a and gets it because he is looking for Woman's Home Missionary Society it, and knows it when he sees it. on the return of its delegates from Special ability is only acquired by exthe summer-school at Boulder, Colo- perience, but rightly directed efforts· rado, last July, that might well serve always produce results, even with as a model. amateurs.

Plans were made for the meeting The privilege one enjoys as a delelong in advance. Before leaving home gate should be shared with others. A the delegates were asked to keep the delegate is a debtor, both to the conmeeting in mind and be on the out- ference which he attends and to those look for anything that would be of whom he represents. The least he special interest to the society. The can do is to be a willing and result was a fine program, full of efficient carrier of the conference inspiration and profit. It included an immigrant story read at Boulder by message to those unable to enjoy its Mrs. D. B. Wells; talks on the new privileges directly. In order to do this study-books and plans for holding he should know something about the mission-study classes by several character, operation, and purpose of ladies; thoughts gleaned from "The conferences in general, and of the Twilight Hour with Missionaries"; one he is to attend in particular. and stories told by two children who had heard them in "The Children's I. Purpose.-Every successful con- Story-Hour." A social hour fol- ference has a well-defined object, for lowed, during which the members dis- the realization of which details are cust what they had heard. It was planned long in advance. Frequently pouring with rain, yet there were the central idea is exprest in a motto, fifty in attendance. such as "The W orId ,for Christ." The chief things a delegate is expected THE DELEGATE'S REPORT to derive from attendance are infor- mation and inspiration. BY PROFESSOR ROBERT T. HILL, PH.D., 2. Program.-To realize its pur- UNION COLLEGE, SCHENECTADY, N.Y. pose, every such gathering has a backbone, so to speak, namely, a pro- Formerly Educational Secretary, International Com- gram, which includes speakers, sub- mittee of the Young Men's Christian j ects, and other details. This is Association. usually printed, so that the delegate knows what to expect in advance. "There is so much to tell that I don't know what to say, nor where to 3. M ethods.-Conventions and conbegin." ferences vary in character, largely through various methods used to at- In this vague way the delegate fre- tain the objects in view. Sectional quently starts his conference report conferences and group meetings are to the "home folks." By the time devoted chiefly to detailed discussion the meeting is over everyone agrees of facts, methods, principles, and with him. policies of work; large gatherings are usually inspirational. Whatever the Occasionally the trouble is with the method, every song, address, session, conference, but usually the delegate and detail fits into the general is to blame, unintentionally, of course. scheme. He has conscientiously endeavored to absorb every detail of the conference, 4. Place.-A jewel is incomplete but vainly attempts to condense his without its setting; so is a great connewly acquired information into satisfactory form.

This is unfortunate and unneces-

19I4] DEPARTMENT OF BEST

ference or convention. One can not be able to express the great central fully appreciate it without personally conference theme with all its implicaor indirectly seeing and appreciating tions is not always an easy task. But the great hall, church, park, or con- even the amateur should carry away ference grounds, and the general sur– with him the fundamental and domiroundings of nature or city, and nant idea, the heart and soul of the breathing their atmosphere. conference. Moreover, he should be able to tell about it clearly. 5. Leaders.-To adequately appreciate such gatherings some knowledge 5. Conclusions.-Few large gatherof those upon whom the responsibili- ings adj ourn without the adoption or ties are resting is very desirable. presentation, in some form, of cer- Conventions reflect the thoughts, tain principles, plans, or methods of hopes, desires, ambitions, work, and work which reptesent the best judgideals of their leadership. To appre- ment and desires of those present tv– ciate the one is, largely, to under- ward realizing the purposes for which stand the other. they are assembled. These the dele- gates should know and understand as 6. Attendance.-Every conference fully as possible, in order that his rehas its own peculiar character, but it port may be purposeful and complete. is not an entity apart from the men and women who attend it. Who are The ideal report is specific and dethey? Where do they come from? tailed enough to avoid vagueness; How many are there? Why are they general and comprehensive enough to here? One can not adequately un- be suggestive and helpful. For a derstand a conference without know- thirty-minute report some such plan ing something about those who are as this might be followed: present? 1. Name of Conference, Aus- The delegate who does not see and pices, Date, Place………… 1 min. appreciate these elements in some measure can not fully understand the 2. Purpose ……………….. 1 min. gathering which he attends, and his 3. Attendance, Character …… 2 min. confusion will be apparent when he 4. Description of Conference makes his report. He should be expected to secure, at least: Scenes ……………….. 3 min.. 5. Leaders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 min. I. Specific Information.-One can 6. Program, Speakers, Topics, not absorb and retain all that he sees or hears, but the delegate should re- Quotations …………… _14 min. member, at least, a few specific facts. 7. Stimulus, Personal and Gen- 2. General Information.-To ap- eral ………•. .•………. 3 mln. preciate the significance of the gen- 8. Resolutions, Recommendaeral objects of the conference – a grasp of the wider aspects of the tions, Suggestions with Loscope and character of matters dis- cal Applications ………. 4 min. cust in it is very necessary. This is a sort of bird's-eye view. Total ………………….. 30 min.

3. Experience.-A delegate's own To prepare such 'a report, one personal experience at a conference should have printed programs, anindicates what his privileges have nouncements, newspaper clippings, meant to him. In this sense, he must personal notes, and any other mabe more than a mere observer and terial available. The delegate should reporter; his mind and heart should make preparation in advance for be open to impressions which only what is expected from him. Where sympathetic interest makes possible. reports are to be made by more than Otherwise he cheats himself and one delegate, different parts or others out of the best. phases of the conference, preferably not diflerent days, should be assigned 4. The General Idea.-To find and in advance, so that each can plan to bear his share of what ought to be regarded as both a responsibility and a privilege.

WORLD-WIDE

MISSIONARY NEWS AFRICA A Colporteur'. Experience in Tunis The Locomotive as a Missionary 1N a letter'to Israel Hoffnung, Pas- tor Flad tells of the experience of THE Cape-to-Cairo railroad, split- the c,olporteur, Joseph Soussan, in his , ting the Dark Continent from the endeavors to reach the Jews in the mouth of the Nile to Cape Town, is different cities of Tunis. On the now nearing completion. This new Yhole he was well received, and had road passes through the heart of the good opportunity to explain the Continent, through the Africa of Scriptures and bear testimony to the Stanley and Livingstone. From Wady Lord Jesus Christ. On one occasion, Haifa south to Khartum, where Gor- while he was speaking to a number of don died, civilization has come with Jews, who listened attentively, and the American plow and seed drill. who gladly took his tracts, the Rabbi South of Khartum the followers of of the city happened to pass that way. some one of a long line of Mahdis At once he warned his people against are still restless, but the way has the missionary, but after Mr, Sousbeen opened along 6,944 miles of san had answered his objections railroad iron, and civilization will the Rabbi became friendly, and in- follow and spread. The cannibalism, vited all to the hotel to drink coffee voodooism, Mohammedanism and pure and lemonade at his expense. A devil-worship lying between the steel Jewish policeman who was present rails and' the oceans to the east and was very much surprized,. and said west will not be able to keep civili- that this time it was not like in the zation out of the old ivory-hunting synagog, where they have to pay, jungles and the worn trails of the but now the Rabbi himself pays. Noth- Arabian slave-traders. The railroad, ing like that ever happened in the city is a highway for the gospel, but it is before. The Rabbi purchased some also, unfortunately, a highway for un- Hebrew and French books, and in a godly traffic. ' few minutes the missionary had sold books amounting to over So francs. A Lion Kills a Missionary THE death of a Christian mission- The Liquor Problem in the Konlro ary by a wild beast is almost unique in the ,annals of missions, but MRS. JOHN M. SPRINGER of on April 21st word came from Khar- the Methodist mission at Kamtum, Egypt, of the death df the Rev. Ralph W. Tidrick, of the American bove, in the Belgian Kongo, writes; United Presbyterian Mission. Mr. "The devil has just now won a Tidrick, who was stationed at Doleib Hill, Sobat River, in the Egyptian big victory. A new high-license law Sudan, was attacked and wounded by was to have gone into effect the first a lion, and started down the Nile for of the year. As one of the Belgian Khartum to undergo treatment, but officials told us, the chief gain would died on reaching Khartum. Mr. Tid- be in closing up all the wretched, disrick was a native of Mount Ayr, reputable places where a great deal Iowa', and was a graduate of the Iowa of liquor is sold illegally to natives. State College. He entered the mis- Many of the Belgian officials are sion field in 1906, and leaves a widow men of wide experience and exand two children. cellent judgment, especially Vice- Governor-General Wangermee and his staff. But they are sadly handicapped by the Government in Bel- They use the same word for 'to take gium, in exactly the same way that down an awning,' 'to undress your- the English Government often hin- self,' 'to peel a potato,' 'to untie a ders the best interests of the country rope,' and a number of other ex- in the Rhodesias. And so we have pressions. The rule of the Belgians heard that the wise liquor regulation is very mild. The country is now has been set aside by the Govern- quite settled, and the natives are ment in Belgium, and every Kaffir civil. There is not much fear of the store can sell, and Katanga will be Mohammedans coming here, for the flooded with bad whisky. In pioneer policy of the Belgian Government is towns like this,. it is stript of all its to keep them out of the country."

adornments, and its ghastly work is The Virgin'. Statue in Kikuyu seen on every hand. Jesus is here.

I Only this fact enables us to go on N view of the recent controversy working in the midst of indescribable between the Bishop of Zanzibar and sin and vice." those who took part in the Kikuyu Livingstone's De.cendants for Conference, it is interesting to note Livingstonia the following from Catholic Mis- sions (May, 1914): "In the central TWO of Dr. Livingstone's de- residence of the Fathers of the Holy scendants, Dr. Hubert and Miss Ghost in the Mission of Zanzibar Ruth M. Wilson, have sailed from there is a beautiful statue of the England to take up work as mis- Blessed Virgin. This was formerly sionaries in Livingstonia, not far in the Episcopal Cathedral, but some from Lake Nyassa, which was dis- years ago the Anglican Bishop came covered by Livingstone in 1859. Both to the Catholic mission and asked for these young missionaries have re- an interview with the Superior. He ceived medical and nursing training acknowledged that in his flock there in England and Scotland, and are were many black sheep, heretics, who going to one of the mission-stations could not stand the sight of the statue of the United Free Church of Scot- of the Blessed Virgin that stood in land. his Cathedral. To these men this The Heart of Africa Mission statue was an idol-and he was com- peHed either to lose three-fourths of C T. STUDD, of "Cambridge his flock or do away with the statue. • Seven" fame, is devoting himself Would the Catholic mission accept to the establishment of the Heart of it? That is why the Catholic mis- Africa Mission. He has been travel- sion house possesses a beautiful ing in the Belgian Kongo with Mr. statue of the Virgin Mary. Father Alfred B. Buxton, and writes to the ]. Caysac, C.S., Sp., of Kikuyu, who London Christian about some of, relates this fact, adds as a conclu- their experiences. sion, "Isn't it a pity that these Eng- .

"The Avungora have no writing, Iishmen, who, after all, are so good nor have the Azandi, yet they keep in many ways, are not all Catholics, accurately their historical records. real Catholics!"

This they do by means of old men, The Bruedergemeine in East Africa IN who memorize the records, and teach the district Unyamwesi, during these to others chosen for the purpose. Every native here wants to the past two years, there has been shake the hand of a white man, and the beginning of a new era. With even some of the women insist on the completion of the railroad to shaking hands. After they have Tabora there was a sifting of the shaken hands they sometimes add a Christians gathered there. The es- thumb-shake. The common expres- tablishment of the station Taoora sion for 'Yes' is: 'That is not a lie.' brought direct work among the Mo-

hammedans, and there is already a very considerable total of 10,000. It theo1ogue in special preparation for is believed that the sphere of their this work. From Ipole is reported a activity extends to and includes the systematic plan on the part of the United States, and that the basis of Su1taness against Christianity. She operation which is found most effecdepopulates entire villages, sending tive and remunerative is the charithe people, against their wills, to work table one. Appeals are made for orin Tabora, and seeks to take material phanages, hospitals, or other humanifrom the mission. The instruments tarian or religious institutions. So for this work have been augmented considerable is the imposition thus through a hymn-book and a book of practised that the Charity Organi- Biblical stories in the language of. the zation Society of New York has island; also through the completion of SOled a warning, which reads as folthe dictionary in Kinyamvey, which lows: 'They are frauds and confihas been in preparation for years. dence men, who make contributors to charity their prey. By nationality MOSLEM LANDS they are Syrians, Armenians, or Chal- deans. They will show a prospective· Robert Wilder at Robert College victim photographs of a church or or- phan asylum, or other institution sup- REV. R. P. WILDER, of London, posedly conducted by them in Turkey. the well-known Christian leader Usually these collectors pocket the among students, spent ten days at money they receive.' For five years Robert College, Constantinople, in the Charity Organization Society has March, and his conferences were of been collecting evidence against this great value. Under the auspices of class of frauds." the World's Student Christian Federation he has been making a tour of Hebrew Advance in Palestine universities in Switzerland, Austria, Bulgaria, Servia, Turkey, and Spain. T HE rapid advance of the Hebrew At Robert College, Mr. Wilder gave language revival in Palestine is ten addresses, and many informal apparent from the following statetalks to smaller classes and groups. ment sent out recently from Berlin. He dealt with the problems of char- It shows the reason for the stubborn acter and belief, the central place of opposition to the introduction of Gerthe personal in religion, and the man instead of Hebrew into the Polygrowth of a deep, religious life. technic Institute of Haifa. Those Scores of students availed themselves Jews, from all parts of the world, of the opportunity for informal per- who, in the last decade have settled sonal conferences. The Orient says in Palestine, have been working all that while the definite emphasis of the time for a revival of the Hebrew his message on a vital religious life language, and the younger generation and upon Bible study was such as to of Palestinian Jews is now recogdeeply impress thinking students, nizing and speaking Hebrew as their Robert College will longest remem- national tongue. Two high schools, ber him as one who quietly pointed at Jaffa and Jerusalem, and a great out the Way, who frankly and per- number of elementary schools and suasively interpreted the Truth, and kindergartens have adopted the Hewho winningly exemplified the Life. brew language as tlleir medium of in- struction, and the same language is A Fraudulent Beggars spoken in all the Jewish colonies; the WARNING against oriental beg- "Merkas Hamorim," the Jewish gars has been issued by The Teachers' Association of Palestine, United Presbyterian. The warning is has already ISO members. It has reas follows: "It is reported that beg- peatedly been emphasized in consular gars in Turkey have formed a union, reports that a great num~r of Eurothe membership of which has the

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

pean firms in Palestine issue their their prime, attracted by the busipublic notices in the Hebrew lan- ness boom. There is a mad rush guage; this shows sufficiently what for money, and the cafes, saloons, an important part the modern He- and other places of evil resort are brew language is beginning to play in wide open and fully patronized. To Palestine. stem this tide there is no place in the city where men may resort and enjoy Moral Laxity Among Moslems the counter attractions, such as the Young Men's Christian Association A RECENT writer in the Moslem might offer. There has been an As- IVorld describes the moral lax- sociation, but without a building, and ity which exists among the Mos- Dr. Chambers says that the massacres lems of Egypt to-day. Lateefa of so crippled the society that they have B., in her nineteenth year, has been been unable to do ag-gressive work. divorced 4 times. Ibrahim Effendi, Recently, however, an English friend a youth of 27, has been married 13 has given $5,000 for a building, on times. Another youth, when re- condition that $10,000 additional be proved for taking a twenty-eighth collected in Europe and America, and wife, replied, "Why should I not, at least $1,000 in Adana itself. The when my father divorced 38?" It is Adana thousand is assured, and the a common saying among Moslems: Geneva committee of the Y. M. C. A. "A woman is like a pair of shoes. has appealed to the French associa- If she gets old a man throws her tions and has received sufficient enaway and buys another as long as couragement to justify them in dehe has money." Of every seven ciding to send out this year a secretary Moslems married in Egypt, more from America. than two are, according to official record, divorced. But the actual INDIA number of divorces is probably even greater. The police say that in Mass Movements and Persecution many cases no pretense of recording divorce is made. "You find a BISHOP F. W. WARNE, of Inwoman in this house to-day and m dia, writes that one evidence of another to-morrow." the spirituality of the mass move- Adana Since the Massacre ments is the .fact that everywhere these new converts endure cruel per- T HERE have been great changes secution. A British high official, in the city of Adana, Asiatic Tur- when asked for his opinion, instantly key, since the terrible massacre of replied: "It is true to human nature 1909, in which two Americans and that the land-owners and religious nearly 20,000 Armenians lost their leaders, who have had power over lives. The Rev. W. Nesbitt Cham- these poor people and have opprest bers, D.D., of the American Board, them and made money out of their writes that the ruins caused by the toil through the centuries, do not massacre have been largely oblitera- want to see them rise." This is the ted, the streets widened, and new philosophy of the persecution, and an ones opened lined with shops. The evidence, their oppressors being the whole city is crowded with traffic, witnesses, that they do rise when the material prosperity is marvelous, they become Christian. and the population is steadily increasing. Bishop Warne saw a man so beat- en that his face was cut open and On the other hand, the spiritual he had almost lost an eye, yet when and moral situation is about as dark asked, "Are you sorry you became a as the material situation seems prom- Christian?" he replied, "No, since I ising. The crowds in the streets are have heard what Christ suffered for made up of men, either young or in me, and what the early Christians suffered, I am ready to go to death.

But I am not willing to give up my European and Anglo-Indian Com- faith in Christ. I can only live a munity, Finance and Public Ques- little while in this world, but in the tions, and some of these reports were next world I will live in glory for very suggestive and stimulating. Per- ever." manent officers were elected for the These new converts are willing to ensuing year, Bishop Lefroy being be tied to trees and beaten for president and Dr. S. K. Datta, of Christ's sake. They give up their Lahore, vice-president. (Dr. K. Pam- scanty food rather than renounce perrien, who was mentioned as a na- Him. One young man, Nagappa, tive Indian, is a German missionary.) while holding family prayer in his The Maharajah and the Bible T father's house, was taken by the hair HE late Maharajah of Travan- of his head and dragged out to the core had the reputation of being police-station by a village official and compelled to sit there for hours in one of the most learned of all mod- the rain. When asked by one of the ern Hindu princes. Altho he himself workers why he did not write to the never accepted Christianity, yet he missionary and let him report this in- said these striking words about the 1ustice, he said, "They have not Bible: "Where do the English peo- nailed me to the Cross yet, and Jesus ple get their knowledge, intelligence, was nailed to the Cross for me. He cleverness, and power? It is their did not save me that I might have an Bible that gives it to them; and now easy time; I am willing to suffer for they bring it to us, translate it into His sake, that I may lead those who our language, and say, 'Take it, read persecute me to Christ." it, examine it, and see if it is not T The Indian Missionary Council good.' Of one thing I am convinced, that, do with it what we will, oppose HE first meeting of the National it as we may, it is the Christian's Missionary Council for India, to Bible that will sooner or later work the formation of which reference was out the regeneration of our land."- made in the May number of the RE- Bible in the World.

VIEW, was held in Calcutta in Feb- An Opening in Afghanistan A ruary. The objects of the Council FGHANISTAN, on the north- were definitely formulated as being: west frontier of India, is one of Cooperation with the Provincial Councils in the carrying out of their the lands still closed to the gospel. A obj ects ; Communication with the native Christian physician, Nasir- Continuation Committee of the Edin- Allah, from Peschawar, is willing to burgh Missionary Conference regard- return to his homeland. As a boy ing such matters as require con- he had been carried away because of sideration or action from the point of a family feud, and as they wanted to view of the Indian mission field as be rid of him he was given to a a whole; Consideration of such other traveling Indian catechist. In this questions affecting the entire mis- wise he came to Batala, in Gurda- sionary field as may seem to it de- spur, where he received a thorough sirable; Provision for the convening education in the schools of the mis- of an All-India Missionary Confer- sions. He studied medicine and be- ence, when such is, in the opinion of came assistant physician in the mis- the Council, desirable. Reports were sion hospital in Peschawar. Some made by committees Which had pre- time ago people came from his old viously been appointed to consider home and recognized him. Very soon Cooperation, Survey and Occupation, another group of Kafiri came to the the Indian Church, Mass Movements, hospital, among whom were the Education, Literature, Medical Work, brother and uncle of the physician.

the Training of Missionaries, the Great was their joy when they met

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

again Nasir-Allah, who is now forty present system of legalized gambling years old. He intends to return with on certain fe~tivals and holidays. It his relatives to his home, and they has been customary for the people, at desire this, altho they know that he the Song Kram Festival, after their is a Christian. It can be expected of labor in the fields was ended, to him that he will confess his faith amuse themselves at different sports, publicly in his old home.-Sonnen especially in gambling. Abuses have Au/gang. increased, so that instead of being one among many pastimes on such Indians Appeal for their Countrymen holiday occasions, gambling has be- come the one and only amusement of T HE echoes of protests which the people. The extent of crime re- western America is making sulting has caused the permission to against the increasing immigration of be withdrawn. natives of India to California, Oregon, Washington, and British Colum- T Call for Help from Siam bia reached the late General Assem- HE great opportunity for evanbly of the Presbyterian Church ~n In- gelistic w~rk following upon the dia, and created natural concern. heels of the recent malarial epidemic These Indian Christians now appeal in Chieng Mai the missionaries there to the Christians of the United States feel simply must be taken advantage and Canada to treat Indian immi- of. At Ban Tah, an outstation of grants with Christian consideration. First Church of Chieng Mai, 319 Addressing directly the Canadian and persons were baptized at the com- "U. S. A." General Assemblies, the munion service in May. In the Indian Assembly says: Chieng Mai station alone more than 2,300 people have become Christians "We have heard with great con- since the epidemic began-also one cern of the great number of the new Christian for every $2 of the people of India, largely from the epidemic fund expenses. It is the Panjab, who have gone to the United judgment of the missionaries that States and to Canada. Our concern the present rate of accessions could is lest they come under influences be multiplied several times at about which will harden their hearts against the same relative cost. the message of Christ, and cause them to return to India embittered in But the epidemic fund is entirely spirit and estranged from the Church exhausted, and unless more money of Christ. In their behalf we are im- is received promptly by cable the pelled to ask you, our Christian breth- mission will be under the necessity of ren, not to forget to put out a help- discharging most of its efficient evaning hand to these strangers among gelistic workers. Many of these you. They will respond to your sym- helpers are men whom the missionpathy and appreciate your efforts in aries wish to train in the new theotheir behalf. It is not for us to tell logical school. you in what way you may help these strangers, countrymen of ours. We CHINA write to assure you that any help you give them will be a help to the T The Christian Forces in China Church of Christ in India." HE total evangelical church-mem- bership in the Republic of China SIAM AND LAOS is about 470,000. These Christians are served by 548 ordained Chinese Suppressing Gambling in Siam pastors and 5,364 unordained work- ers. In addition, there are 4,712 T HE Government is endeavoring Chinese Christian school-teachers, to minimize the evils arising 1,789 Bible women, and 496 native asfrom what is admitted to be an in- sistants .employed in hospitals, of herent national vice, and has issued a decree which aims at abolishing the

which there are 235. Other Chinese I Idol Burning in Yunnan workers in the evangelical churches N a letter written at the beginning bring the total of the Chinese staff . of the year, Rev. W. H. Hudspeth giving of their time to the service of reports fresh signs of the awakening Christianity up to 15,501. There are in Yunnan. He says, "During the 2,955 Christian congregations, and the past few days I have been busy Chinese Christians contributed $320,- burning idols. Now that the coun- 900 for Christian work among their try is becoming more peaceful, there own people during the past year. seems to be a steady turning to Jesus Leading in this work of Christianiza- Christ among the country Chinese. tion and guiding the destinies of the One of our most interesting con- Chinese Church are 5,452 foreign verts is a Szechwan man, who had missionaries from America and Eu- had four wives, two of whom are rope. Adding the membership of the still living. He is a man of great Evangelical and Roman churches to- strength, and before he joined the gether, there is now a total profest Church he was afraid of neither Christian population throughout the heaven nor hell. Being the headman Chinese Empire of two and a quar- of a very large district, he has ter millions, and growing at a very great power. Before the Revolution, encouraging rate. They represent, he could even sentence a thief to however, only about one-half of one death. Since he became interested in per cent. of the entire population, and the story of the Cross, he has read while there has been a remarkable through the New Testament seven growth since the Boxer uprising in .times, and now he is studying the 1900, it is evident that these large Old. He knows by heart the chapter numbers indicate only the beginnings and verse of many of the great truths, of the Christian Church in China. and he has an ingenious method of interpreting the Scriptures. . Chinese Valuation of Christian Education How the Gospel Entered Haitang Y H UAN SHIH KAI, President of AITANG is a Chinese island the Chinese Republic, has re- about 25 miles long, with a popcently placed two of his daughters in ulation of 70,000. About 37 years a Peking mission school, because he ago an inhabitant traveling 011 the recognizes that the Christian schools mainland heard of Jesus from a are far superior to those under Gov- fellow-traveler at a Chinese inn. He ernment control. The Commissioner accepted the truth, returned to of Education in Peking is also ad- Haitang, and did not rest until he vising his fellow officials to send their had carried the Gospel to everyone children to mission schools. Many of _of the 41 I villages on the island.

these schools are so crowded that When the missionaries came about they are obliged to turn away pupils, 10 years ago they found a prepared including some that belong to official people. There are now preaching or wealthy families. stations in 30 villages. Some of One Government officer, on leaving these poor village Christians give his boy at a Methodist day school, one-fourth of their income for the said to him: "This is the best school spread of the Gospel.

in the city. You must remember that The First Christian Daily in China these Christians are different from C the rest of the Chinese. When they HINESE Christians publish a number of excellent weeklies teach the Bible and the facts about their religion, I want you to give and monthlies, but until recently especial attention, so that you may there has been no daily. On the 8th learn what it is that makes them dif- of last September, in Canton, the ferent." first Christian daily appeared, called

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Tu-hun-sih-pao. More than 39 baptized by his pupil, Dr. Thompson.

Christian Chinese, who were em- At the organization of the Kaigan ployed in literary work, will be con- Church Congregation, on March 10, tributors, and also three foreigners. 1872, he was chosen and ordained as Immediately after the revolution in elder, and several years later, with 191 I a society of prominent Chris- two other elderly men, was ordained tians was formed to assist this en- as first pastors of the Japanese terprise, and large amounts have been DlUrch of Christ. A man never of contributed by Chinese who live in robust health, but of great equanim- Japan, San Francisco, East India, ity of mind and of strong Chris- Honolulu, and New York. This new tian faith, he has been long looked up paper has branches in the whole Em- to as the Nestor of the Japanese pire, and also abroad, in Japan, ministry. His end was sudden and America, Straits Settlements. It is tranquil, he passing to rest on Janualso read much by non-Christians, ary 19th.

and is used to spread Christian An Appeal for Christian Statesmanship thought.-Sonnen A ufgang.

Sunday Observance in China T HE Japan Mission of the Ameri- can Board has addrest to the UNDER China's new educational Federal Council of the Churches of system the Government schools Christ in America a memorial, degive a holiday on Sunday. This ploring the effect of discriminating makes it possible for thousands of race legislation upon the proclamachildren to attend Sunday-schools, tion of the Gospel in Japan, and resomething impossible under the old questing that the Federal Council regime. Freedom of thought and appoint a commission to study the action, tho faintly understood by whole question in its relation to the the masses, is generally bec6ming a teaching of Christ, and that it seek to principle of the new republic. It is rally the Christian forces of the taking hold of the young and the United States for the promoting of old. As a result, many who would such measures as are in accord with not have dared to enter a Sunday- the highest standards of Christian school now come gladly. Until re- statesmanship. The mission feels cently most of the Christian con- that race legislation, tending to disstituency have come from the illiterate turb the historical friendship of these adult popUlation, and the majority two countries, is likely to be rehave been unable to read.. Much has peatedly attempted unless some been done in the past to meet the needs thoroughgoing solution of the diffiof this class, first, by oral teaching, culty is found, and therefore makes and, second, by teaching them to this appeal to the body which repreread the colloquial Bible and hymn- sents the Christian churches of book, or some simple catechism. This America. kind of work will be needed for a long time to come. Buddhist Priest in Trouble JAPAN-KOREA A BUDDHIST priest in the Hok- Death of the Firat Protestant Elder kaido recently came to a Chris- tian doctor for treatment. The latter T HE Rev. Yoshiyasu Ogawa, the asked him about the present religious first Protestant Christian church condition in Japan. The priest, not officer in Japan, recently died in knowing that the doctor was a Chris- Tokyo. He was the personal Japanese tian, spoke his mind very freely.

teacher and lifelong friend of the "We are in very great trouble," he Rev. Dr. D. Thompson, of Tsukiji, said, "and don't know what to do.

Tokyo. He became a Christian at Christianity has hitherto been without Yokohama in the '60's, having been recognition and influence. As the

Government gave us their support, sion were laid upon the younger we were quite content. But by the members. One of the younger pas- recent action of the Home Depart- tors was chosen moderator, and an- ment, Christianity has been elevated other was appointed to fill the newly to the top, and we must now hustle, created office of superintendent of or we shall be left without following Sunday-schools. Another advance of or influence." much significance was the organiza- F The Famine in Japan tion of the women of the church for mission purposes. The synod created AMINE conditions have been pre- a Women's Board of Missions, and vailing this spring in northern also appointed two Japanese grad- Japan, including the island of Hok- uates of Bryn Mawr College to goo to kaido. The scarcity is due to the un- Formosa on experimental work that seasonable weather which prevailed will keep them there at least to the last summer and autumn and result- end of the year. Several young men ed in the almost entire failure of the are being sent out for the same sort rice crop. Added to this, the catch of of temporary service in Formosa by fish, on which a large part of the the general board of missions.

people depend for their living, was The Better Side of Japanese Rule T very small. The proportions of this HE conspiracy trials in Korea terrible affliction which has befallen Japan are indicated by the official , gave such an unpleasant im- announcement that 9,400,000 are in pression of Japanese administration need of food. This is almost one- in that country that we are glad to fifth of the population of the islands. learn of its more creditable phases.

The whole territory afflicted is a sec- This foreign Megemony has lasted tion in which the masses are never now five years in the shape of a pro- far above the starvation line, and not tectorate, and three in that of an- even the business communities possess nexation. A system of highroads much reserve on which to weather the 6,500 miles long is under construc- stress of such misfortunes. The only tion. The railways-in the shape of considerable relief measure so far is a great X, at the center of which is the appropriation of $3,000,000 by the capital, Seoul-are fast opening the Japanese Government, and the up the country. Branches reaching SUbscription of $350,000 by the busi- from the four chief seaports, Che- ness men of Japan. The foreign mulpo, Chinampo, Kunsan, and Ma- community and the missionaries have sanpo are in operation, and a million- also given liberally, and the better- dollar bridge spanning the Yalu re- circumstanced people in the famine lates the whole system to that of the territory have brought out and do- Manchurian-Siberian railway. Japan- nated their savings in a remarkable ese foresters have covered the hills way. But all this will not be suffi- and mountains with pine seedlings, cient to meet the needs of the afflict- now from three to five feet high.

ed peoDle. A famine relief commit- Brigandage has been supprest, tigers tee has been appointed by the confer- hunted and killed. The entire coun- ence of Federated Missions. try has been re-surveyed and proper land records instituted. A banking Japanese Women's Board of Mil.ion. system has been developed, agricul- A T the last meeting of the synod of tural and manual training schools, the Church of Christ in Japan, model farms, cotton planting stations, the Presbyterian body of that coun- seedling stations, and stations for try, there were II4 delegates en- sericulture established. The Koreans rolled. By what seemed to be a tacit have been admitted to administration agreement of the older men, many of to an extent not generally realized.

the special responsibilities of the ses- Of the 13 provinces 5 have Korean

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governors. There are 92 courts with why they would prefer to be gov- 497 Japanese and 233 Korean of- erned by Americans than by their ficials. Of the 13,755 members of near neighbors. And Americans police and gens d'armerie, 8,168 are should be more capable of governing Koreans. In 191 I alone, close on to wisely than the Filipinos can be. The 3,000,000 Koreans were vaccinated. Brooklyn Eagle says: "Governor Japanese is being taught as the ver- Harrison of the Philippines has nacular in the schools, and the Kor- met in Mindanao a delegation of the eans take to it with astonishing ease. Mohammedan Moros-the biggest of Korean Foreign Missionary Work what Dean C. Worcester called "the non-Christian tribes"-and has re- REFERENCE has previously been ceived from them a petition which made to the missionary zeal of sounds strange in many American the 'Korean Christians. A successful ears. The chiefs beg for an Ameri- work has been carried on in Man- can governor. They have no faith . churia, and when the Korean mis- in the Christian Filipinos. In the sionary in charge, Mr. Yi, recently ap- honesty and the justice of the Taga- pealed to the church in Kwangju for log, they can not trust. But, severe more workers and for support by money and prayer, there was a hearty as have been their experiences at response. One man, a leader of a the hands of American soldiers, they church, gave enough to build a mod- have found that in peace Ameri- est church, and also paid the salary cans treat them decently and fairly. of a woman evangelist for six This is a tribute of which Yankees months, a wonderful testimony to the may well be proud. It is possible power of the Gospel, considering how that the Moros have buried the kris woman is looked down upon in the for good and all; and that the ba- East. In all, some 300 yen were rong will no longer be a terror in given, and had they been urged, the the section around Zamboanga. The people would have given far beyond American Government, it will be their power. remembered, sent an envoy to the Sultan of Turkey and asked him, as Rev. R. T. Coit, of the Southern the head of the Mohammedan Church, Presbyterian Mission in Kwangju, to help pacify the Moros. The meswrites in the Christian Observer: sage he brought has done much to Thus our own part of the Korean end unpleasantness. Assembly has launched out into for- NORTH AMERICA eign mission work, and we believe that the Korean Church has but be- A United Educational Program gun the work to which God is call- "THE Social Force of Christian ing her. The General Assembly of Missions" is the suuj ect for the Korea expects to take up larger work in China as soon as some pre- United Program for Mission Study liminaries can be arranged. Pray for this work and for a mighty out- for 1914 to 1915, under the auspices pouring of God's spirit on the Korean of the Missionary Education Move- Church and this particular enterprise, which we have taken over in His ment. The text-books include, "The strength. Child in the Midst," by Mrs. B. W. Labaree; "Missionary Women and ISLAND WORLD the Social Question," by Mrs. F. S. Bennett; "In Redman's Land," by Hon. Francis E. Leupp, and other Appeal of the .Moros volumes. Conferences have already T HE Moros of Mindanao are far been held in New York and else- behind the Filipinos in the adop- where to prepare leaders for this tion of civilized ideas. But they are unified program, and to give to probably more fond of war than the churches suggestions for mission ser- Filipinos. It is easy to understand vice, prayer, giving, and study. The

idea is not to increase machinery, but averaged 2,000 a day. Each night to improve efficiency. A full state- from 75 to go per cent. stayed to ment of this united program, and after-meetings, and as a result 461 how it may be made effective, is to exprest their desire to lead the Chris- appear in a later number of the RE- tian life. In the University of Cali- VIEW. fornia at Berkeley, where Mr. Eddy TContinued United Campaign Work conducted the campaign, all barriers were broken down, and 140 men ac- HE united missionary campaign cepted Christ and 390 became in- committee, which was organized quirers after the truth. On the last by general cooperation of foreign and night 2,600 men and women were home mission boards representing present at the meetings.

evangelical churches of the United In Pennsylvania State College Mr.

States, to promote the "every mem- Eddy, who led the campaign, was ber canvass," voted to proceed with aided by well-known Christian work- the same character of work through ers from other student centers. Fif- another year. As in the present sea- teen hundred crowded the auditorium son, correspondence with the local each night. Mr. Eddy spoke at the churches and the supply of literature Jewish Club by invitation. Meetings helpful to local canvassers will be left were held also in the fraternity with sub-committees working along houses. Five hundred and fourteen denominational lines. But the gen- signed cards, indicating a desire to eral committee, with the cooperation accept Jesus Christ, or to renew their of the Laymen's Missionary Move- allegiance to Him. Several striking ment, will direct the interdenomina- evangelistic campaigns have been held tional district institutes, where local in other university centers during the workers are instructed in the princi- winter. In the University of Penn- ples and methods of the every mem- sy~vania there has been a remarkable ber canvass. In so far as possible, revival movement, begun in a one- these institutes will be held next year day campaign, by "Billy" Sunday.

in sections not touched by the insti- Over 400 students decided for Christ, tutes of 1913-14. A general campaign Bible-study has increased, and a is planned for the winter of 191:5-16. movement is on foot to petition for It is the expectation to revisit in that compulsory chapel. Perhaps there season all of the 70 cities in which has never been such a winter as this the movement held conventions dur- for religious interest in American ing 1909-10. colleges, and much of the enthusiasm Revivals in American Colleges may be traced to the power generated by the Student Volunteer Convention.

A YEAR ago Christian people were Merchants' Opinion of Missions being thrilled by accounts of the T great evangelistic meetings for stu- HE San Francisco Associated dents which had been held in the Far Chamber of Commerce sent a rep- East by Dr. John R. Mott and Mr. resentative party of merchants to Sherwood Eddy. This year the field China last year in the endea.vor to pro- has been the North American col- mote a better feeling ot friendship be- leges, but the Spirit of God has been tween China and Arnerica, and also to working just as truly here through increase and develop our commercial these mighty messengers, and the re- relations. Seeing that the Chinese sults of the meetings will be felt missionaries were the pioneers of com- around the world. Dr. Mott con- merce in China, the commissioners ducted the meetings in connection were unintentionally drawn into the with Columbia University. Careful consideration of this subject, which at preparation was made for many the start was considered entirely out- weeks beforehand. The attendance side their province. At first they

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were divided 1ll their opinions EUROPE-GREAT BRITAIN -about one-third in favor, one- British Gifts to Missions third against, and one-third unde- THE Missionary Press Bureau has cided. But at the last meeting compiled a statement showing held in Hongkong the question was that the annual contributions now put squarely to the 25 commissioners, raised by Protestant churches in the and a unanimous vote recorded in United Kingdom for foreign mission- favor of missions. In the opinion of ary purposes, amount to about $IO,- the commission, if the missionaries 200,000; and, taking the entire popu- lation as 45,297, 114, this works out at had not pioneered the way, the com- 22C. per head. In a comparative table merce of China would be very small the amount of the British over-seas indeed, and it certainly would not be trade per head is $50.25, while $15.30 safe for foreigners to go into the in- per head is spent on alcoholic liquors, and $1.70 on tobacco and smoking apterior. This was the candid opinion pliances. There is, of course, a very of 2S of the leading merchants of the large section of the community which Pacific Coast, selected from Spokane to San Diego.-Spirit of Missions.

A "Christian Synagog" gives nothing for missions, and the average contribution from actual giv- T HE new home of the Toronto ers is very different from the figure Jewish Mission, with the above .quoted; but the fact remains that name, is admirably suited to its work. there is need for not only giving but It was formally dedicated, on the going in person to the field on an Saturday afternoon of Assembly altogether new scale, which will be week, June 7th. There were services realized only when the Church recogboth afternoon and evening, and nizes the greatness of its privilege.- quite a number of members of As- The Christian. sembly were present and took part.

One of the speakers told of an inci- The Bishop of Zanzibar's Plan B dent of last winter, in Knox Church. ISHOP WESTON, who has so actively opposed the Kikuyu Con- A Jew and his wife and eldest child publicly profest their faith in ference, has now issued a proposal Christ, and then the parents pre- for cooperation between Episcopal sented the rest of their children for and Nonconformist bodies if the baptism, a household of eight. It Kikuyu plan is abandoned. He sugwas like the scenes told in the Book gests a Central Missionary Council, of Acts, where whole households with the provision that no missionary were baptized by the Apostles. The society or church shall be represented pastor is Rev. B. Rohold, a native on the council that does not "proof Palestine. claim the Godhead of our Lord Jesus Persian Ch"rch in San Francisco Christ, His supreme authority as the final Revelation of God to man, and NEXT month a Persian church His mediatorial presentation of man is to be organized in San Fran- to God; or does not administer bap- cisco under the leadership of Rev. tism by immersion in, or affusion L. K. Mweeya, a Persian graduate with water, with the form of words of Shedd Coilege in U rumia, Persia. that .the custom of the Universal The Mizpah Presbyterian Church has Church requires." These are limita- been conducting mission work in a tions that most Christians would ac- community composed of about 700 cept, but that would exclude the Syrians, 200. Armenians, and 100 Friends and the Salvation Army.

Persians. The latter in particular Other limitations in the plan of coop- have responded most cordially to the eration, however, will not be as ac- Gospel message, and the new church ceptable: 1. The Council shall take no wiU l,1av~ about ~o adherents, shan~ in any policy by which comml,nl-

cants of anyone represented Church THE CONTINENT shall receive Holy Communion in another Church. 2. The Council shall A World Gathering oE Women take no share in any policy by which preachers of any .one C~urch shall AT Stockholm, from June roth to preach in the pubhc services of any 18th, is to be held a conference of other Church. 3. The Council shall the World's Young Women's Chrisnot countenance any college for the tian Association. This is the fifth training in common of ministers for such gathering, the previous World's episcopal and non-episcopal ministry. Conferences having been held in Lon- These provisions perpetuate division don, Geneva, Paris, and Berlin. The and stand as a barrier between theme announced is "The Place of Christians in fellowship, service, and the Young Women's Christian Assotraining for Christian work. ciation in the Home, the State, and the Church," and it is hoped that every A Moslem Mission to England nationality where the Association has gained a foothold may be represented THE reported acceptance of Islam at the Conference. This is not a by an Irish peer, Lord Headley, peace gathering, but every hour of has been widely commented upon the service will contribute to the ultiboth by the Christian and the Moslem mate peace of the world; it is not a press. Canon Weitbrecht, of India, council on reform, as such, but there refers to it in an interesting article in is no social reform the power of The M oslem World on past and pres- which will not be increased throughent Moslem attempts at proselytizing out the world after this meeting; it is in England. He quotes Lord Headley not a political meeting, but the world as saying that he had long been a politic for women will be clearer and Deist, and that when he met with a better defined; it is a religious conclear exposition of the faith of Islam, vention, yet every social problem of he felt that this satisfied his religious the day will come properly under the requirements. "It is sufficiently ob- topics included in its comprehensive vious," says Dr. Weitbrecht, "that a field. nominally Christian Deist who is ready to swallow the historical con- Help Secured for Albania tradictions of Islam, has but a very short step to take in order to become As a result of Rev. C. Telford a Moslem." The leading spirit in Erickson's recent visit to Amerithe present Moslem mission to Eng- ca the help so sorely needed has been land is Khwaja Kamal-ud-Din of secured-nearly $roo,ooo in all. Lahore, who conceived the idea of starting a mission to Christians pri- For a Boys' Boarding School ….. $15,000 marily with the idea of combating the For a Girls' Boarding School ….. 15,000 misrepresentation to which Islam is For a Mission Hospital ……….. 25,(]()O exposed in the West. For this pur- For a Church and Community Cenpose he urges that a new English translation of the Koran should be ter ………………………… 10,000 published to remove existing false For new missions in strategic cenimpressions, and says that the work has already been begun. Dr. Weit- ters ……………………….. 10,000 brecht's comment is: "This transla- Salaries, 10 or 12 new workers-edution, if it sees the light, should teach us some lessons about Scripture cational, medical, evangelistic, and translations made by a foreigner. industrial. Certainly in this, as in other matters, (At least $15,000 more is needed for the Khwaja has paid Christian mis- the medical work.) sions the compliment of imitation." This work will be conducted under the auspices of the American Board, and the missionaries hope to apply a healing touch to the life of the na- tion at the points of its greatest needs. As a result of over four cen- turies of Turkish occupation and of various periods of devastating war- fare this unfortunate nation is left

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wounded and naked, but not devoid German Gift to American Miuions of spirit. Rev. C. T. Erickson, Rev. Phinneas B. Kennedy, and their as- W E have already mentioned the sociates, will devote their energies to fund, amounting to over $1,- revivifying and rehabilitating this people, restoring normal healthy con- 000,000, raised by the Christian ditions, and helping the people up- people of Germany, Protestant and ward to the realization of lofty Chris- Catholic, on the occasion of the tian ideals. Men and women are Kaiser's Jubilee, for missionary work greatly needed for this important in the German colonies throughout work. Nearly fifty have volunteered, the world. It is interesting to know including physicians, teachers, minis- that the American Board has reters, and industrial experts. Funds ceived 3,000 marks ($720) from this are available for only ten or twelve, fund for its work in the Marshall and these will be sent out in the next Islands. Three of the four missioneighteen months. The new Prince of aries engaged in that work are of Albania is a Protestant, and sympa- German birth, so it was felt to be thetic with the missionary work. Pray suitable that the Board should share for Albania. in the fund. This Kaiser's Jubilee Fund is but one of a number of signs Religious Liberty in Greece and Servia of a genuine missionary revival among the German churches since ACORRESPONDENT sends to the Edinburgh Conference. A feder- Evangelical Christendom a letter ation of German societies has been from Greece calling attention to the effected, and there is great activity unsatisfactory condition of religious on all si~es. Mission-study circles liberty in the territories newly occu- are flourishing, summer conferences pied by Greece and Servia: "The Ser- are being conducted in different parts vian Constitution states: Art. 18. of the empire, and the Student Vol- 'There shall be perfect freedom of unteer movement is growing in the conscience in Servia? Everyone shall universities. The awakening of the be free to exercise his religion without people of the German Empire to their molestation, so far as none of its rites missionary obligations is one of the are contrary to the laws of the State. great and hopeful signs of our age. Art. 19. It is forbidden to take part in any movement against the Eastern MISCELLANEOUS Orthodox Church (proselytizing).' So far, none of the small evangelical com- A Suffering Missionary Hero munities in the new Servian territory has been forbidden to keep up its FOR 22 years George Hudson was gatherings for prayer and worship. a missionary in China, and there As the Serbs found them in existence rendered valiant service. His .scholarwhen they entered the country, it ship and power were marked, and it seems indisputable that Article 18 was a sad loss to the work when, at should apply to them. But does Ar- the height of his usefulness, he was ticle 19 mean that they may not in- stricken with cancer. Returning vite any Orthodox people to their home at the age of 47, he lies on a gatherings, or that any Orthodox bed of ceaseless torture at the Highperson who voluntarily attends is act- land Hospital, Asheville, North Caroing illegally? Of course, if they can- lina. Unable to obtain rest, day or not grow by outside accessions, night, he nevertheless lies there padeaths and removals of their members tiently, and he "never complains," soon will bring them to an end. Cer- says one who watches at his bedside. tainly a great deal-almost every- He has also been able to send forth thing-depends on the interpretation messages of spiritual power to many of the Constitution." others. Not long ago, during a night of pain, he dictated a lettergram to Mr. Cameron Johnson, who was to hold an important meeting in Rich-

mond, in which he said: "Praying compelled him to leave the work in unceasingly that God may awaken 1911. Two of his children are misour beloved Zion and the whole sionaries. Church of Christ to an adequate conception of the duty and privilege of Rev, George Owen of China carrying the gospel to the entire heathen world immediately. Beseech O NE of the veteran missionaries you to expect and attempt great of the London Missionary Sothings. N ever felt more hopeful. ciety in China, Rev. George Owen, Concerning myself, Ps. 23: 6; I Tim. died in London on February 18th. 1: 12. Tell the young people that He went out to China in 1865, and the missionary's career is the most after twelve years of service in glorious and has the fullest happiness Shanghai was transferred to Peking. possible. If I had a hundred lives He translated several important books I would give them all to the service into Chinese, among them a valuable of the blest Savior in China. The treatise on geology. For many years only regret I have is that I have not he translated into English the Peking been more faithful. Isaiah 55: 10- Gazette, the Imperial official organ.

13·" The work by which he will be George Hudson's time is short, but chiefly remembered is the translation of the New Testament into Manhis message of faith and cheer and darin, which he carried out in collaself-sacrifice may ring down the ages, boration with six others. The later and lead many to give themselves and years of his life, owing to his illtheir money to establish the King- health and that of his wife, were dom of Christ. spent in London, and since 1908 he has been Professor of Chinese in OBITUARY NOTES King's College, London.

Rev. Henry C. Haskell, D.O., of Bishop Penick, Formerly of Africa DR. Bulgaria T HE Rt. Rev. Charles Clifton HENRY C. HASKELL, for Penick, D.D., formerly Bishop of many years a missionary of the the missionary district of Cape Pal- American Board in Bulgaria, died mas, West Africa, died on April recently at Oberlin, Ohio, where he 13th, after a short illness, in Baltihas lived in retirement for the past more, Md. He was born 'near Danthree years. ville, Va., December 9, 1843, and re- ceived his early education in the pub- Henrv C. Haskell was born in lic schools. At the beginning of the Huntington, Mass., on December 28, Civil War he entered the Confederate 1853. He was a graduate of Wil- army, and served throughout the liams College and of Andover Semi- war, after which he entered the Virnary. On October 4, 1862, he ginia Theological Seminary at Alexsailed with his wife, and they took andria, and graduated in the class of up their residence at Sofia, joining 1869. After ministry in Bristol, Mr. and Mrs. Morse, who had Va., at Mount Savage, Md., and Balopened the station there but two timore, he was consecrated, in 1877, months previously. The next year as third Bishop of Cape Palmas, Af- Mr. and Mrs. Haskell were trans- rica. After several years of faithful ferred to Philippopolis, and were asso- work there his health became under- mined and he was compelled to reciated with Mr. and Mrs. J. F. sign in 1883. Returning to America, he served for ten years in Louis- Clarke. In 1871 they moved to Eski ville, Ky., Richmond, Va., and Fair- Zagra, but were compelled, for mont, W. Va. He acted for a time health reasons, to return to America as agent of the General Board of in 1872. Fifteen years later they set Missions in behalf of the colored work. out again, 'in restored health, for Bulgaria and settled in Samokov, and, later, in Philippopolis. Failing health AND MISSION LANDS THE MAN OF EGYPT. By Clayton Sedg- hitherto savage and intractable nawick Cooper, M.A. IlIustrated. 5~x8. tive~ of the Paraguayan Chaco." 300 pp. $1.25, net. Hodder & Stoughton New York and London, 1913. ' Vvlnle Mr. Grubb's previous avnoluUmne~ "An Unknown People in This well-illustrated, but unduly known Land," had stolen some of padded, volume bears the marks not the novelty from this later isonwe~rthhe only of a careful study of Egypt and still has much to say that its men, but it has the further value reading. Its first four chapters de- of being written by a world-traveler scribe the beginnings of a scheme for sec~rin~ an independent constituency whose comparative judgments are helpful. T~e three chapters on edu- wInch IS based upon harshness and a catIon, natIve and missionary, and questionable program. It reveals, an equal number upon Mohammedan- h0"Yeve:, a self:denying missionary ism are the most valuable from a mis- trymg III all thmgs to become like sionary point of view. Education ~mto his brethren. Folklore, heathen- through the American Mission (Uni- Ism, .and the heathen are clearly ted Presbyterian) is the best that described. Part II details the strug- Egypt has. In one of their Cairo in- gles resulting in established churches stitutions Mr. Cooper saw at a and their widespread influence. Part chapel exercise 250 boys and 170 I~~ is most instructive in its expo- girls, of whom 30 per cent. were sltJ?n of. methods employed, and in Moslems. Assiut College was even theIr vaned effects upon thrift and more impressive, with its 825 stu- social development. Mr. Grubb as- dents, . 599 being Protestants. The serts that at present there is a sin- author shows that the tendency is to- cere faith among the majority of the ward vocational training, and believes members, and. that great hrealsigiboeues~ moral, and social progress that the trained teacher is the turn- ing-point of educational advance. As made baemenon.gdetehmeedChhaocopelIensdsi,ands~owmehdo have to religion, he agrees with Lady Duff Gordon that ."this country is a t? d~structlOn and incapable of civi- palimpsest, in which the Bible is hzatlOn. Reasoning from the suc- w r itt e n over Herodotus and the cesses of early Jesuit missions to the Koran over that." Its ten and a Paraguayan iGhuevairtaanbils~ he believes that with an admixture of quarter million Mohammedans are Egypt's most serious problem, since white bloo.d the Chacos may exist in "there is no secular life to the Mos- strength; If they remain isolated and lem; all is teligion, and the Koran is uninfluenced by Christianity they the guide and center of every act." must disappear.

:rhe chapter o? Islam and modernity IS worth readmg, tho we think that PENNELL OF THE AFGHAN FRONTIER Life of.Theodore Leighton Pennell, M.D. By the author overestimates the ethical Alice M. Pennell. Illustrated, 8vo. lOs. 6d., net. Sealey, Service & Co., Ltd., ideals of that faith. London, 1914.

A C1iURCH IN THE WILDS. By W. Bar- The character of Dr. Theodore L. brooke Grubb. Edited by H. T. Morrey ~ennel1 was strong and lovable, and hiS career as a medical missionary on Jones, M.A. Illustrations and maps. the Afghan frontier was romantic and remarkable. Dr. Pennell was 5~x8. 287 pp. $1.50, net. E. P. Dutton born in England in 1867 and died 45 & Co., New York, 1914.

This' is "the remarkable story of the establishment of the Sou t h Am e tic a n Mission among the years later (1912), in Northwestern WHERE ANIMALS TALK. West African India, from septic poisoning contract- Folk-Lore Tales. By Robert H. Nased in operating on a fellow mission- sau. 12mo., 250 pp. $1.50, net. Richary. Between these two dates there ard G. Badger. Boston, 1912. flowed a life rich and fruitful, energetic, and devoted to God and hu- These stories by the honored vetermanity. There is inspiration in the an Vvest African missionary throw reading of the story of his twenty much light on African beliefs, cusyears in India, where he won great toms, and mental capacity. They will fame and affection by his unselfish be especially interesting to students service in the Bannu hospital. Dr. Pen- of folk-lore tales but are too much nell was a man of remarkable gifts, devoted to lying, theft, murder, and passing three language examinations other African vices to be adapted to in the first year on the field, and children. later becoming proficient in Urdu, Pushtu, Persian, and Arabic. Dr. JESUS CHRIST'S MEN. By Caroline At- Pennell's hospital and school became water Mason. 12mo. Cloth, 50 cents, famous all over India for their ex- net; paper, 35 cents. Griffith & Rowcellent results. He had only been in land Press, Philadelphia, 1913. Bannu a year when his patients numbered 220 a day-tho there was then This dramatic story of Baptist beno hospital. The stories of some of ginnings in foreign and home misthe patients-robbers and brigands- sionary work is introduced by a are of thrilling interest, and the ac- prolog setting forth the initial imcount of Dr. Pennell's tours in na- pulse of missions. The author pretive costume are full of adventure sents the foreign mission enterprise and information. The biography is a as inaugurated by the Judsons in ten collection of facts and incidents dramatic scenes, and the work of rather than a systematic presentation home missions in six scenes. The of the man and his work; but it is book is a series of scenes, dialogs, well worth reading, and will take its tableaux-whose presentation in conplace among entertaining and stimu- nection with Sunday-school enterlating missionary biographies. tainments or concerts, either in part or entire, will prove most interesting BLACK AND WHITE. By Lily H. Hammond. and effective. Illustrated, 12mo. 244 pp. $1.25, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, 1914. ANN OF AVA. By Ethel Daniels Hub- bard. 12mo. $1.00, net, "de luxe"; This is a Southern woman's inter- Cloth, 50 cents, net; paper, 35 cents. pretation of the Southern negro prob- Missionary Education Movement, New lem. The author is the daughter of York, and Griffith & Rowland Press, former slave-owners, and early be- Philadelphia, 1913. came interested in social problems in the North and the South. Mrs. Ham- This charming story for girls remond believes that the negro prob- lates to the life of Ann Hasseltine, lem is not peculiar to the South, but the wife of Adoniram Judson. For that all must have a hand in its solu- romance, heroism, self-sacrificing detion. She is optimistic, and looks for votion, this life story is especially the elevation of the negro, and believes noteworthy, and girls who read this that this is necessary for the well- book wiII receive an inspiration to being of the white race. Her book is noble womanhood. a sane study of the conditions in the South and the progress of the colored JUDSON THE PIONEER. By J. Mervin Hull. people in religion and education, in 12mo. Cloth, SO cents, net; paper, 35 home life and business. It is a useful cents. Griffith & Rowland Press, and wholesome study of the problem Philadelphia, 1913. and its solution. The life of Adoniram Judson is here told in the form of a most interesting story for boys. For the man who would read something that will recall his boyhood days, for the boy who wants a "thriller," this wjJJ

ON MISSIONS AND MISSION LANDS

prove an absorbing tale of adventure during Dr. Zwemer's visit to Ameri- and achievement. ca, and the many interesting and THE IMMORTAL SEVEN. By James L. Hill. 12mo, 150 pp. Cloth, 50 cents, stirring topics that find a place in the net; paper, 35 cents. Griffith & Row- land Press, Philadelphia, 1913. Times are so strongly presented that Adoniram and Mrs. Judson, Mr. the effect on its wide circle of read- and Mrs. Samuel Newell, Luther Rice, Gordon Hall, and Samuel Nott ers and on missionary progress must are "The Immortal Seven," the first foreign missionaries to sail from be definite and powerful. We know North America one hundred years ago. The author has presented a of no paper that gives a more promass of material in sketches which combine biography, history, romance, found spiritual note, or is more adventure, in the lives of these early missionaries. stimulating to practical Christian "EVERYLAND" FOR CHILDREN. character and service than The Sun- day-School Times. Friends of the delightful magazine started for children by Mrs. H. W. NEW BOOKS Peabody will be interested to know that the Missionary Education Move- THE EVOLUTION OF A MISSIONARY. A Biogment, the Central Committee for raphy of John Hyde De Forest. By Char- United Study, and the Council of lotte B. De Forest. Introduction by Prof. Women for Home Missions have Harlan P. Beach, D.D., RF.G.S. Illustaken over the support and publica- trated, 12mo, 299 pp. $1.50,,,net. Fleming tion of Everyland. In future it will H. Revell Company, New xark, 1914. present the interests of the home land equally with the foreign. The maga- STUDIES OF MISSIONARY LEADERSHIP (The zine is now issued by the Missionary Smyth Lectures for 1913). By Robert E. Education Movement, and is in Speer. 12mo, 283 pp. $1.50, net. Prescharge of an editorial committee com- byterian Board of Publication, Philadelposed of two representatives from phia, 1914. each organization, and one additional member chosen by all. Already the THE CHILD IN THE MIDST. A Comparative subscription list has greatly enlarged, Study of Child WeI£are in Christian and and it will have an increasing circu- Non-Christian Lands. By Mary Schauflation as it well deserves and rapidly fier Labaree (Mrs. Benjamin W. Labbecome self-supporting. The new aree). Illustrated, 12mo, 272 pp. 50 cents, number for April is most attractive net. The Central Committee on the Uniand instructive. It should be in ted Study of Foreign Missions, West every Christian home and school Medford, Mass., 1914. where there are children. JESUS CHRIST'S MEN. By Caroline Atwater THE SUNDAy-SCHOOL TIMES. Mason. 50 cents, net. American Baptist Foreign Mission Society, Philadelphia, Has been rendering valuable service 1914. to the missionary cause by its stirring articles, and the excellent bi-monthly THE EXPANSION OF CHRISTENDOM. A Study contributions to The Missionary in Religious History. By Mrs. Ashley Watch-Tower from Prof. Harlan P. Carus-Wilson. New and revised edition. Beach, of Yale. These contributions 276 pp. 3s. 6d., net. Hodder & Stoughinclude pithy, striking, up-to-date ton, London, 1913. news from the "firing-line" in the mission field, and remarkable stories MANUAL OF MISSIONS. By Carl Leroy Howof recent progress in various lands. land, Ph.B. Introduction by Bishop W. Prayers for Moslems were printed T. Hogue. 75 cents, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, 1914.

RECRUITS FOR WORLD CONQUESTS. By Prof. Lee R Scarborough. 12mo. 75 cents, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York.

AMONG THE PRIMITIVE BAKONGO. By John H. Weeks. Illustrated, 318 pp. 16s., net. Seeley, London, 1914.

A FATHER IN GOD. The Episcopate of Wil- liam West Jones, D.D., Archbishop of Capetown and Metropolitan of South Africa (1874-1908). By M. H. M. Wood. Illustrated, 500 pp. 18s., net. Macmil- lan, London, 1913.

THE HANDBOOK OF UGANDA. Compiled by H. R Wallis, C.M.G. Illustrated, map, xix-220 pp. 2s. 6d., net. Published for Government of the Uganda Protectorate by Crown Agents for the Colony, 1913.

THE SOUTH AFRICAN SCENE. By V. R Markham. 400 Jlp. 7s. 6d., net. Smith Elder, London, 1913.

[June A MASTER BUILDER ON THE NILE. Being the SILVER CHIMES IN SYRIA. Glimpses of a Missionary's Experience. By W. S. Nel- Record of the Life and Labors of John son, D.D. Illustrated, 16mo, 174. pp. 75 cents, llet. The vVestminster Press, Phila- Hogg, D.D. By Rena L. Hogg. Illus- delphia, 1914.

trated, 8vo. $1.50, net. Fleming H. Rev- THE PREACHING OF ISLAM. By T. W. Ar- nold. Second edition, xvi-467 pp. ell Co., New York, 1914. 16s. 6d., net. Constable, London, 1913.

IN BLACK AND WHITE. An Interpretation THE MEXICAN PEOPLE: THEIR STRUGGLE FOR FREEDOM. By L. Guteirrez de Lara and of Southern Life. By L. H. Hammond. Edgcumb Pinchon. Illustrated. $1.50, net. Doubleday, Page & Co., Garden With an Introduction by James H. Dil- City, N. Y., 1914.

lard, M.A., LL.D. Illustrated, 12mo, 244 FATHER LACOMBE. The Black-Robe Voy- ageur. By Katherine Hughes. Frontispp. $1.25, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., piece, 8vo., 467 pp. $1.50. net. Moffat, Yard & Lo., New York, 1914. New York, 1914. JAVA, SUMATRA AND THE OTHER ISLANDS THE EDUCATION OF WOMEN IN JAPAN. By OF THE DUTCH EAST INDIES. By Ca- baton. Charles Scribner's, New York. Margaret E. Burton. Illustrated, 12mo, 1912.

268 pp. $1.25, net. Fleming H. Revell Company, New York, 1914.

ASPECTS OF JAPAN. Being four series of lectures delivered at the Su,mmer School for Missions, Karuizawa, 1913. By 5. H.

Wainwright, D.D., S. Anezaki, Ph.D., H.

B. Schwartz, D.D., J. N aruse. 191 pp.

70 sen. Kyo Bun KW:lll, Tokyo, 1913.

THE EDUCATION OF WOMEN IN JAPAN. By Margaret E. Burton. Illustrated, 12mo. PAMPHLETS AND PERIODICALS $1.25, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, 1914. . CHINESE STUDENTS AND CHINA'S RELIGIOUS THE CROSS IN JAPAN. A Study in Achieve- AWAKENING. A complete Report of the ment and Opportunity. By Fred. Eugene Addresses and Discussions in the Con- Hagin. Illustrated, 8vo. $1.50, nct. ference of the Chinese Students' Chris- Fleming H. Revel! Co., New York, 1914. tian Association in North America, held INDIA, MALAYSIA, AND THE PHILIPPINES. at Kansas City during the Student Volun- By W. F. Oldham. The Methodist Book teer Convention in January, 1914. Fron- Concern, New York, 1914. e. e. tispiece, vi-76 pp. Paper, 25 cents per A MISSIONARY MOSAIC FROM CEYLON. By copy. S. A., 124 E. 28th Street, Edward Strutt. 251 pp. 3s. 6d., net. New York, 1914.

Kelly, London, 1913. PRESBYTERIAN MEDICAL MISSIONS. A Sketch of the Medical and Philanthropic Work STATEMENT EXHIBITING THE MORAL AND of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A. By MATERIAL PROGRESS AND CONDITION OF Abram Woodruff Halsey. Illustrated, INDIA, from 1911-1912 and the nine pre- 12mo, 127 pp. Board of Foreign Mis- sions of the Presbyterian Church, New ceding years. 427 pp. 4s. 6d. Wyman, York, 1914.

London, 1913.

CHINA REVOLUTIONIZED. By John Stuart Thomson. Illustrated, 8vo, 590 pp. $2.50, net.' Bobbs-Merrill Co., Indianapolis, e. MEXICAN WAR ATLAS. 10 cents per copy. H. Hammond & Co., 30 Church Street, 1914. New York, 1914. – THE CHINESE PEOPLE. A Handbook on e. China. By A. E. Moule, D.D. Illustrated, CENTENNIAL SOUVENIR OF THE MARATHI 470 pp. 5s., net. S. P. K., London, MISSION of the American Board of 1914. Commissioners for Foreign Missiol1s, THE STORY OF THE CHURCH IN CHINA. By 1813-1913. Prepared by A. H. Clark A. R. Gray and A. M. Sherman. Illus- Illustrated, 47 pp.

trated,. 373 pp. 75 cents. Domestic and Foreign Missionary Society, New York, REPORT OF THE THIRTY-FIRST ANNUAL LAKE MOHONK CONFERENCE of Friends of the 1913. Indian and Other Dependent Peoples. October 22, 23 and 24, 1913. Reported THE BALKANS. By Wm. M. Sloane. $1.50, by Miss Lilian D. Powers. Edited by the Secretary. 224 pp. Lake Mohonk net. The Methodist Book Concern, New Conference, 1913.

York, 1914.

CHIN HSING (FORWARD MARCH) IN CHI- NA. By Edith Hart and Lucy C. Sturgis.

98 pp. Paper, 35 cents i cloth, 50 cents. JUDSON STORIETTES. By]. Mervin Hull. IOc. American Baptist Foreign Mis- Domestic and Foreign Missionary So- sion Society, Boston, 1913.

ciety, New York, 1914.

BULGARIA AND HER PEOPLE. Together with A LIVELY TRIP WITH SHWE O. 3c. Amer- ican Baptist Foreign Mission Society, an Account of the Bulgars in Macedonia. Boston, 1913. By Professor Will S. Monroe. Illus- THE HANDBOOK OF THE AMERICAN BAPTIST trated, $3.00, net. The Page Company, FOREIGN MISSION SOCIETY. Maps, pp. II7. 25c., net. Ford Building, Boston, Boston, 1914.

REVOLUTION AND OTHER TALES. By Mar- garet E. Baldwin. 16mo., pp. 96. Is. net.

Church Missionary Society, London, 1913. 1913·

The Missionary Review of the World — March 1914

to the

:1 MTSSION.RY REnEW OF THE VORLD, RCH, 1914 TWENTY QCESTIO::S i::SWERED 1~ THIS ?L':'IBER PREP.RED BY :'IRs. F. ]1. GILBERT, BIWOKLYK, 1. Y.

1. Vhat risk (loes a llohal11111edan run by eating 111 a Greek resta u rant?

2. Vhy did a Bulgarian store-keeper remain 111 the foreign quarter?

3. Vhen was an American missionary accused of being an A ustrian spy?

4. Vhat effect has the Mexican revolution had upon the influence of Ron~an Catholic priests on the people?

5. What did the Sheikh tell the doctor was the one thing that would make him well?

(). For whom did the 110slems in the Philippines offer prayers?

7. Vhen did a "retreat" for prayer result in removing a large missionary deficit?

8. 'hat is "malleable paganism" and where does it exist?

9. Vhat is the new kind of Mohammedan?

JO. How did the immigrant with a dinner-pail show his astonish- ment at the greeting, "Good morning"?

J I. Vhere was a man taken to the police station because he had gone to church?

J 2. Vhere is sixty sheep considered a high price to pay for a wife ~ 13. Vhat petition did the Albanian Bey present three times to the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions?

14. Whom did the town-crier warn owners of vessels not to re- ceive on board?

IS. The tower of which American church is being reproduced in the Far East, and why?

16. Vhen did Bible reading clear a foreigner in America from the charge that he had taken part in a saloon fight?

17. ~Why are Western shoes a hindrance to Moslem devotions?

18. Into how many sects is Japanese Buddhism divided?

19. Vhat did the track foreman read aloud to his men during the noon hour?

20. Vhat country is called "the thorn tree growing in the garden of Europe," and why?

A TYPICAL MEXICAN FAMILY IN WESTERN

Missionary·

® of the World ~ Vol. XXXVII, NO.3 MARCH, 1914 Vol. XXVII, NO.3 Old Series New Series Signs of the· Times UNITY AND COOPERATION CON- the Foreign Missions Conference of North America. Here Christians of o FERENCE all the leading evangelical churches NE of the encouraging signs of met together in a brotherly spirit to Christian progress is the evi- consider and discuss the present con- dently increasing desire of members ditions in the mission fields, the limi- of different denominations to reach tations and difficulties, the under- a mutual understanding as to be- lying influences, and the outlook. liefs and ideals, and to agree to a Exceptionally able papers were read plan of campaign for the promotion by such men as Dr. Robert E. Speer, of the cause of Christ. It is not Rev. Frank Mason North, D.D., Dr. compromise with personal views of James H. Franklin, Bishop Arthur truth or standards that is desired, S. Lloyd, and others. Some of these but a fuller comprehension of the papers will be published in future views and standards of other Chris- numbers of the REVIEW, and all are tians. The question is not "What to appear in a pamphlet report. They must I give up of the things I have revealed the unity of Christians on believed and practised, in order that the great essential teachings of I may unite and cooperate with Christ, and the desire to cooperate in others?" but it is "What can I con- evangelizing the world. tribute to the better understanding of truth and to the fulfilment of God's THE KIKUYU CONFERENCE A!"lD desire for the world?" I CONTROVERSY This growing spirit of sympathy N contrast to the spirit of brotherly and zeal in the common cause found fellowship manifested in the Con- expression in the "Conference 011 Co- tinuation Committee Conferences in operation and the Promotion of Asia and in the Foreign Missions Unity in Foreign Missionary Work," Conferences in America, is the con- . held in New York (January 12th to troversy awakened in England by 13th), under the auspices of the Com- the Kikuyu Missionary Conference in mittee of Reference and Council of The editor5' seek to -preserve accuracy and to manifest the spirit of Christ in the pages of this REVIEW, but do not acknowledge responsibility for opinions exprest, nor for positions taken by con· tributors of signed article9 in these pages.-EDI'rORS.

British East Africa. This contro- firmed" may be admitted to comversy may result in splitting the munion. On the other hand, the Church of England in twain, and, supremacy of the spiritual, universal as some have suggested, may even Church is urged, and the right of all result in its disestablishment. believers in Christ to unite in thus "remembering His death until He The facts are these: In June, come." The Church Missionary So- 1913, about sixty missionaries labor- ciety, of which the Bishop of Uganda ing in British East Africa came to- is a representative, has exprest its gether for conference and prayer. sympathy with his action. These workers included Church Missionary Society representatives from The real line of cleavage is be- Uganda and Mombasa and "Non- tween those who accept the extreme conformists" of other Scotch and formalistic "High Church" view of American missions. They considered the Church, the clergy and the sacrathe questions of aggressive Moham- ments, and those who emphasize the medanism, the division of territory, evangelical and spiritual views. Both and other matters of common interest. parties of the Church of England The spirit of fellowship with each claim to desire the union of Chrisother and with the Lord Jesus Christ tendom, but the one seeks this grew as the days went on, certain through the union of English, Latin points of agreement were accepted, and Greek established churches and and on the last day of the feast the the absorption of others who will bishops of Uganda and of Mombasa adopt their beliefs and practises. presided over a communion service The other evangelical party, seeks to which the Nonconformist clergy union with other Protestant churches and laity (Methodists, Presbyterians by reaching an understanding with and others) were invited. It was them as to the essentials in doctnnes the Lord's Table, and men who love and duties, and by the promotion of Him and seek to follow Him met to unity and cooperation if not by actual break bread in remembrance of Him. Ul11on. vVhen the news of this conference and communion reached Great The controversy aroused by the Britain strenuous objections to such Kikuyu Conference was certain to procedure began to be voiced by come sooner or later. There have members of the "High Church" been controversies and compromises party. Bishop vVestern of Zanzibar in the past with a view to placating was particularly active in presenting the High Church men. Largely for the matter to the Archbishop of Can- this purpose the consideration of terbury, and men and women began missions in Roman and Greek Cathto take sides in the controversy. On olic countries was omitted from the the one side it was urged that such Edinburgh program, but it was of latitude practically surrendered the little avail. The "High Church" tenet that the Church of England party refused to sanction the cois unique as "the Church," and that operation of its clergy with the Consuch action was contrary to the rule tinuation Committee. Probably a that only those who have been "con- division must come, sooner or later, but we could wish that it might

OF THE

come between those who follow men will not gIVe their wealth and Christ and those who are against others will not start a movement, Him. (See article on page 208.) but aJl the time we hear or the Christians planning and planning to IMOSLEMS AND CHRISTIAN UNITY do more against us. Oh, God, send N face of the Moslem advance in us (Moslems) someone to collect to- Africa, the divisions in the Chris- gether our scattered forces." tian Church, especially on the mission field, are deplorable, and are ad- May the time soon come when not mitted to be a tremendous obstacle only followers of Mohammed but all to the progress of Christian mis- unbelievers in Christ will tremble at sIOns. The unity of the Church the sight of a united, consecrated would be one of the great un- Church wholly followfng the Lord. answerable evidences of Christianity, so that the Kikuyu conference was a FOREIGN MISSION STATISTICS timely move on the part of missionaries working in East Africa. N FOR 1913 EARLY sixteen and one-half On this subject, AI-Moayad, the million dollars ($ 16,458,oGg.67) chief Arabic paper of the Islamic was given in the United States and world, in its issue of January 13th, Canada last year for Protestant has a most interesting article Christian Missions outside of these (translated by Mr. A. T. Upson of two countries. This includes $420,- Cairo.) The writer refers to the 867.19 spent by educational and fact that there is a general belief medical organizations and $414,413.91 that the Christian world has done used by Home Missionary societies wrong in allowing so much division outside of United States and Canada. in its ranks, and the way to get a Comparing this with one year ago, great movement is, first of all, to the "Home Base Committee" figures unify the denominations. show a falling off of nearly one mil- lion of dollars, but this apparent de- The article in AI-Moayad speaks crease is largely accounted for by a appreciatively of the purpose of the different method of computing the conference, but says that the stronger statistics. Last year's figures of this the Christians become the greater committee were no doubt too large, will be the impact of their united and the actual amount spent by forforces upon Islam. He draws atten- eign missionary societies for foreign tion to the fact that it is time for work in 1912 was more nearly repre- Moslems to wake up, for when the sented by the amount given in the differences of Christian denominations statistics compiled for the REVIEW are obliterated Moslems will not be by Dr. Louis Meyer-namely, $I5,- able to stand against them. "Where 590,533. The Home Base Committee then," he says, "are our ulema figures would, therefore, show a (learned men), where are our lead- slight increase for 1913-the total ers, and where are those that are amount received being $15,622,763.57, able to donate funds for us to follow exclusive of that reported by educathe example of the Christians? tional, medical and home mission Things are in a bad condition, rich organizations.

~IISSIO:-.r."'RY REViEW elF THE WORLD l.Match

It is interesting and impressive to In looking over these statistics amI note that nearly four million dollars comparing them with the number of ($3,855,286.32) was also contributed Christian church-members at home from native sources to support mis- and the $400,OOO,CX>O spent on local sion 'Work under American auspices. American churches, and $80,135,476 The total force of American foreign given for other charities during the missionaries last year is reported as year, we are imprest with the need 9,785-including 2,807 wives and of continued education and propa- 2,778 other women. Native workers ganda in America to bring professing number 48,454 in American missions, Christians face to face with their and the full communicant member3 obligation to obey the command of of churches on the field are 1,366,- Christ and to accept the unprecedented 55 I-this is at least 200,000 more opportunity in Africa and Asia.

than were reported last year. It is The Laymen's Missionary Move- an impressive fact that in the mis- ment, the Missionary Education sions operated by American societies .Movement, and other organizations in foreign lands on the average have done much to bring the facts about 4,000 each week, or 600 a day, of missions before us and to inspire throughout the year united with the men to better stewardship, but while Church of Christ. thousands of Christians know noth- Of the American societies report- ing and give nothing, and the best ing- the larger gifts, the Presbyterian average in any denomination is about Church (North) comes first with five cents a week for foreign work, $r,837,697.99, and is followed by the there is need for more earnest prayer Methodist Episcopal Church (North) and further education of the Chris- with $1,539,403.97, the American tian Church at home.

Baptist F. M. S. with $1,I95,523.68, and the American Board with INDIANS IN SOUTH AFRICA $r,048,938.76. The Southern Presby- ONE of the most important move- terians, the United Presbyterians,. ments of the day in India has and the Moravians, however, lead in been the united expression of sym- per capita gifts. pathy with the Indians in South In number of missionaries sup- Africa in the disabilities imposed ported the Presbyterians lead with upon them there. Throughout India, l,r55; in native workers the Meth- women as well as men, sectarian as- odist Board (North) is first with sociations, including Mohammedans, 9,883, and in communicant members Hindus, and Christians, non-sectarian the Methodists (North) with 375,- public associations also, have sent 481, including probationers. Last forth a volume of protest against the year the Methodists baptized 3I,338, unjust South African Government, the Presbyterians (North) 20,000, sympathy with the repressed Indians the Baptists (North) 17,I55, and the in that country, appreciation for the Congregationalists 3,625. In educa- Viceroy's outspoken stand for India's tional work the Methodists lead, and rights, and appeal to the Imperial the Congregationalists. Baptists, and British Government for a just settle- Presbyterians follow. ment of the questions involved.

OF THE TIMES r65

There is no doubt that, while un- held, on the average, three or four skilled Indian immigrants into Natal meetings a day in Chicago, Grand have helped to bring industrial pros- Rapids, Detroit, Columbus, Pittsp~rity, they have also brought acute burgh, Philadelphia, Wheeling, New industrial complications and espe- York, and elsewhere. Enthusiastic cially acute social difficulties for the audiences have greeted the speakers, white rulers. The general process of and some generous contributions have readjustment under changing local been made to the work. economic conditions, and especially under the growing sense of the The plan of the World's Sundaysolidarity of the British Empire, and school Association, of which Mr. of a brotherly humanity, is creating un- Frank L. Brown of Brooklyn, N. Y., wonted requirements in South Africa. has recently been elected general sec- retary, is to secure two or three men A CAMPAIGN FOR MOSLEM who will devote their whole time to CHILDREN the promotion of Sunday-schools anel other work for children in Moslem ACCORDING to the statistics gath- lands. It is a campaign not of oppo- sition or enmity, but of loving service. ered for the World's Sunday- They need $20,000 a year to finance school Convention at Zurich last sum- this work for the next three years. It mer, there are in the world at least is a cause which should enlist the eighty million Mohammedan children, sympathy and support of every true one-half of whom are in territory un- Christian. Mohammed must decrease, occupied by Protestant. Christian mis- while Christ must increase. sions. Few of the other forty million children are being reached by the CHINA'S STATE RELIGION~A missionaries, for they are neither in REACTION Christian day schools nor in Sundayschools. These children are brought RECENT cable adviGes indicate up in ignorance and sin in the unde- that the world's newest and most sirable and often polluting surroundings of harems ancl other Mohamme- populous repu blic has wedded andan homes. Something more adequate tiquity to its modernity by declaring ought to be clone for then'! by Chris- Confucianism to be the official State. tians in their impressionable years. religion. For some months such action . These facts and this sense of need has been agitated, the most prominent and responsibility has led the of- advocate being young Dr. Chen ficers of the World's Sunday-school Huan-chang, who received his Ph.D. Association to undertake a ten-days' from Columbia University, New York. "Whirlwind Campaign" in thirteen In the last week of ] anuary the Adcities of the Eastern States. The ministrative Council, which has speakers included Dr. Samuel M. temporarily usurped the place of the Zwemer, Bishop ]. G. Hartzell, Dr. Chinese Parliament, recently dis- Charles T. Erickson of Albania, Rev. solved by President Yuan, declared Stephen Trowbridge of Turkey, and in favor of Confucianism and the Marion Lawrence. These, with others, reestablishment of the worship of were divided into two parties and Heaven and Earth at the winter and summer solstices.

The Provisional Constitution, which he gave his decision in the heated· was strongly influenced by Chris- controversy of the Dominican and tian leaders, made religious liberty Jesuit orders in the seventeenth a cardinal doctrine of the new re- century. public. Article VI, Section 7, simply declared "the people have liberty of Probably no State measure affectreligion." This latest action does ing religion has been adopted in renot necessarily weaken Christianity, cent centuries which has raised more tho one of the questions raised in the queries among educated Chinese than animated discussion of the measure this. A league has also been formed to was: "If Confucian worship is in- agitate against Confucianism as a troduced into the schools, how can State religion, the league. containing the scholars of other religions main- representatives of Mohammedanism, tain equal standing?" It was even Taoism, Buddhism, and Christianity. more pointedly asked: "Is Confucius a god or a human being? If Regrettable as this backward step the latter, how can he be worshiped ?" is, it is better that Confucianism, Vith the renewal of the ceremonies which is ethical and political rather at the Altar of Heaven goes the re- than religious, should be the State newal of the kow-tow (k'e fou) faith than that either of the two ceremony-striking the forehead upon other Chinese religions, Buddhism the ground in sign of abject homage and Taoism, or even Christianity, to· the powers of nature-and the should have been made the State resacrifice of bullocks on these state ligion. It is hardly believable that occasions. The President is to wear New China, whose leaders have been the robes designed by the rulers of educated in Japan, where freedom of the Chou Dynasty, II22 B.C., tho he religious belief is assured constItuis not permitted to wear the crown tionally, and in America and Europe, nor any diadem of kingly authority. where there is either religious liberty The only governmental explanation or where Christianity is the national of these rites is that they are not cult, will long submit to such an religious but are purely political. anachronism as this reestablishment The chairman thus reiterated the of a system which is archaic and Emperor K'ang Hsi's ruling when wholly unsuited to the ideals of a· republic and to the spirit of our age.

GOD AMERICAN PROTESTANT CHRISTIANS So Loved the World That He Gave So Love the World That they gave last year, HIS ONLY BEGOTTEN SON on the average, eight cents each, That whosoever believeth on Him and one in 500 of their number should not perish but have as a missionary, That the unevange1i7P ' world ETERNAL LIFE should not perish but have ETERNAL LIFE

Open Secret

HOW TO SECURE MEN AND MONEY FOR MISSIONS BY JOHN R. MOTT, LL.D., NEW YORK deeply I have studied these cases, .

the more fully I have been con- women we need and vinced that the secret has been that all the money we need in the former places Christ was for missions lies in lifted up, and in other cases He the manifestation of was not. In one case the conditions the presence and the working of the were complied with, and as a result living Christ. Wherever Christ He manifested Himself. Old things looms large as the great central passed away, ail things became new; reality, men and women fall down the right motives asserted them- before Him and do what is logically selves and dominated. The men and implied. In every land and among the money needed were forthcoming.

all peoples, wherever Christ stands Time will show, I think, that the out as He is, the living Christ, people' recent Kansas City convention will see that He should have right of yield a thousand new missionaries.

way in themselves and full control In one sleeping-car there were of all that they now have or ever may twenty-two delegates traveling from possess. There is also the motive Kansas City, and before they reached of obedience to His beckoning hand. Buffalo eleven of their number had It is inconceivable that the living volunteered for missionary serdce.

Christ, who rose from the dead, In another little delegation of seven, should stand out in any company, or four volunteered; and so it goes on, before any individual who ac- in different parts of the continent. knowledges Christ, and not accom- Those who, at Kansas City, stood plish marvelous things-things that before the vision of the living Christ transcend all other experiences and and were made markedly conscious that are sufficient to meet every need. of His presence, came to recognize His claims and are acknowledging This is my interpretation of the His sway. offering, the wonderful offering, of lives that I have found, not only It is the same with money. Mr. here in America, but in certain parts Moody had no difficulty whatever in of Europe, and in the Orient. obtaining large sums, but did not spend many minutes talking about Why is it that in some colleges money. He did spend many days and seminaries, in certain homes and talking about the living Christ and conventions, strong lives have been giving opportunity for Christ to do surrendered in such numbers, where- His wonderful works, until from as, in other. colleges and in other homes and conventions there hav~ not been such offerings? The more gratitude and from recognition that ." Report of impromptu remarks at the Garden City Foreign Mission Conference9 January IS, 1914.

here was a Lord who had the right had not been moved, and the founto reign, men were eager to follow tains of benevolence gushed forth. I in His steps. Mr. Moody, therefore, was not surprized to find that the had no difficulty in getting the money whole of the large deficit was refrom rich or poor. Moreover, moved, and that other large sums wherever I go in Scotland or Eng- have been offered for a forward land I find that many 6f the work- movement.

ers who are the outstanding leaders Dr. A. J. Gordon, of Boston, who in Christian work are those who offered themselves in the pathway had a wonderful church, bore tesof those marvt'!lous times of refresh- timony near the end of his life, that ing from the presence of the Lord having given so much attention as associated with Mr. Moody's evan- he had to improving the organizagelistic campaigns. tion of his church and to making financial appeals in the interest of Hudson Taylor had no difficulty the missionary cause, he had cbml in obtaining money, but I never to see a more excellent way; in those heard him make one appeal for late years he laid chief emphasis money, either publicly or privately. on the deepening of the spiritual life I have, however, heard him talk by of his people, with the result that the hour about the living Christ, and there was an increase in the offerone was conscious that Christ was ing of lives and in the financial gifts living in him. Then as they felt the of his church. contagion of His presence, people offe.red their money, their time, and The only method that wiII bring their lives. forward workers who wiII stand the test in the day of trial and tempta- The Church Missionary Society tion, the workers who recognize that recently had a steadily accumulating they receive their call not from man, deficit until it reached large propor- and not from a dead Christ, but tions. The officers spent many an from a living Christ, and the only afternoon conferring as to how they way in which we can obtain the could improve their system of large sums of money needed, and finance, but that did not remove that will not bring greater dangers their deficit. .It was not until they than now surround us, is the lifting went apart-their district secretaries, up of Christ. We must hold Him their headquarters secretaries, their up in our own lives primarily, in our lay workers, their lay women-and conventions and conferences, in our entered upon a long "retreat" that board meetings and committees. We Christ -came out into His central will say less perchance about the place. How it changed the· whole motives and about the methods, and situation! They did not spend much more about HIM, and we wiII leave time talking finance on that oc- Him free to work.

casion, but Christ did what He al- If we wiII only let the living Christ ways does without any exception, stand out in the central place, then when He is given His rightful place we will have times of refreshing -He touched springs that before from His presence.

ROMAN CATHOLIC CATHEDRAL AT 1vI AZATLA N , ON THE MEXI CAN W ES T

In this C!ty are four other Catholic churches and one small Protestant church for a large foreign colony. Normally there are about 450 Americans in a total population of about 20,000. Federal s oldiers converted the Cathed ral in to a w ireless telegraph station Religious Conditions of the Mexican West Coast BY CHARLES JENKINSON Special Representative of the American National Red Cross I)@II~::::::–~…, NE of the results of they might have an opportunity of the political disturb- bringing to the people of Mexico the ances that have torn Gospel of Jesus Christ as it is in- the Mexican Republic terpreted by the Protestant churches. asunder during the past three years has been Roman Catholicism has existed in Mexico since the Spanish invasion of the practical political separation of the that country some four hundred or Roman Catholic Church from the more years ago, and during that time central government at Mexico City. Catholic churches have been estab- Heretofore, the Roman Catholic lished in every city and town and Church has had such a hold upon village throughout the republic, and the Mexican people, through federal also on many of the large haciendas and state support, that Protestant and other large properties. The mIssIOnaries and evangelists, and power of the priest has been, perhaps, even churches, have found great dif- as strong and as absolute in Mexico ficulty in securing a foothold where as in any part of the world.

In the early stages of the present If the invaders were victorious, they revolutionary disturbances the con- quickly took possession of the church, tending factions often found it nec- as their headquarters, as it usually offered the largest floor space of any building in the town. Having once quartered themselves in the church, and in the absence of any effective sanitary corps in the ranks of either federal or rebel army, it was not long before the sanctuaries were befouled or were made practical brothels for the soldiers and their "soldaderas," those low women who are always to be found following the military forces in Mexico. The soldiers came to realize that they could desecrate the ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCHs LA PAZ, LOWER CALIFORNIA The only church of any kind in a community of 6,000 people. There are no good schools in La Paz essary to use the churches either as A MEXICAN MISSION SCHOOL Gl"RL barracks or arsenals, or even as forti- A full·blooded Yaqui Indian maiden, one of the' fications fr0111 which to conduct their students from EI Colegio of the Southern Baptist Mission at Guaymas, fighting. Once inside the edifices, Western Mexico what was simpler than that they should rob the altars of their costly church with impunity, altho they had furnishings, or rifle the poor-boxes of always been taught that everything their contents? Added to the dam- connected with it must be considered age and desecration done to the churches by those within, was the damage, and, in some instances, the total destruction of the churches from without by the shrapnel and shell of the attacking party. In many instances the inhabitants of a town have sought refuge in the church, which had always been held inviolable, only to learn to their amazement that this was the first place sought by the local federal or state garrisons, as it usually offered a point of vantage from which to defend the town from the invaders.

CONDITIONS OF MEXICAN WEST

most sacred. Consequently they and These conditions have existed now their friends gradually lost their re- for more than three years. They spect for the institution and for its have, to some extent, been brought ceremonies. They got out of the habit about by the military necessities of of having religious ceremonies when both federals and rebels, altho neither they buried their dead, when children federal nor rebel has stopt his deprewere born, or when they wished to dations or desecrations when military be married. As the townspeople al- necessities have been met. ways followed the example of the victorious military forces, as a mat- After the assassination of Fran- cisco 1. Madero in February last, and ROMAN CATHOLIC CEMETERY AND CHAPEL, NEAR ACAPULCO, MEXICO The bin at the right of the picture is used to receive' bones of corpses whose grave rent has nat been paid. If this yearly rent is not paid promptly the "bones are disinterred and thrown into the bin. Then the grave is rented to some one else ter of policy, the priests slowly, but the assumption of power by Vicsurely, realized that they were losing toriano Huerta as Provisional Presitheir hold upon the people. They dent of Mexico, the discontent were even compelled to make finan- throughout the republic seemed to cial contributions to the rebel cause. become more pronounced, and Furthermore, as the people generally Huerta roused the ire of the Roman were compelled individually to sur- Catholic Church by endeavoring to render what cash they had to the have special legislation passed by rebels, they were not able to meet both houses of Congress looking the demands of the church that they toward the realization of his own replace the amounts the church had selfish ambitions, without consulting been forced to contribute. the wishes of the Church. In re-

THE ALTATA CATHEDRAL, NORTHERN SINALOA, WESTERN MEXICO The town, which is the seaport for Caliacan, is a mere cluster of mud huts. There is a population of about 500 Indians and 25 Americans-hut 110 school taliation, the members of Congress sengers of the Gospel to establish of the Catholic party, the political their work more firmly throughout organization of the Church, absented Mexico. While there would, unthemselves from the chambers when doubtedly, be some opposition to their votes were needed for the pas- such a campaign, it is reasonable to sage of the bills drafted by Huerta, presume that while the Catholic and placed other obstacles in the way Church opposes the established govof the successful consummation of ernment in Mexico, the central adhis desires. In view of the fact that ministration in Mexico City is not many political leaders have been exe- going to exert itself in behalf of cuted, and that the prisons and peni- that Church. tentiaries of Mexico are filled with ex-Congressmen and other leaders The writer has recently returned who have dared to oppose the will of from three journeys to Mexico in Huerta, no one will question the connection with the withdrawal of courage of these Catholic statesmen in American citizens from the danger defending what have so long been zones, and in these travels he has considered the rights of their Church. visited Progreso and Merida, in Yucatan, and Vera Cruz and Tam- Little, if anything, can be accom- pico, where there are none but plished in the evangelical missions in Roman Catholic churches. Over Mexico until conditions have become three hundred missionaries were somewhat more normal, but in view working in some 91 stations and 588 of the weakened hold of the Roman out-stations in Mexico when the re- Catholic Church upon the people of bellion began in the autumn of the Mexico, there would seem to be a year 1910. The families of some splendid opportunity, just so soon of the missionaries have accompanied as peace is restored in that unhappy the writer when he stopt at Tampico, country, for the Protestant mes- Vera Cruz, Mexico City, Mazatlan,

and Guaymas, to pick up refugees. but one organized and housed In many instances the men stayed Protestant church (at Mazatlan*) behind with their missions, deter- along the entire west coast, more mined to do what they could to help than three thousand miles of coastthe people until it became absolutely line, supporting approximately one imperative for them to leave. In million people. This church, located this way the number of missionaries on CalIe Cineo de Mayo, is mainon the field has been greatly dimin- tained by the Methodist Church ished. (South), but has been closed for some months past. Need further On the Mexican West Coast the comment be made as to the necessity writer has had a better opportunity for more missions, or the opportunity to study the mission field, as he has for introducing Protestant Chrisjust completed a seven-weeks' cruise tianity there? from San Francisco, during which time he stopt at every port in In view of the limited school ac- Mexico, no matter how small, be- commodations in western Mexico, tween the Guatemalan border and it would seem that the best results the United States, with the one ex- might be obtained through mission ception of Ensenada, just below San schools, where the young people Diego, California. There are Roman might be given an education while Catholic houses of worship in all of they were also being taught of Christ the ports touched, and a fair-sized cathedral at Manzanillo. There is • The Pentecostal Church of the N az.rene also reports missionaries stationed at Tapachula and TonaIa.

ALTATA, A MEXICAN TOWN ON THE WEST COAST From here 2S Americans were taken on board the' Buford to return to the United States

and prepared for more useful lives hy the rebels, were prevented from than most of them are living at reaching their homes in that way. present. This idea has apparently Therefore, the writer, stopping at been successfully carried out by the Guaymas with the refugee ship Southern Baptist Convention of Buford, a United States Army trans- Richmond, Virginia, in its school, port, provided transportation for Dr. "EI Colegio," at Guaymas, in the and Mrs. Marrs and her sister, and southern part of the State of Sonora. for the young ladies, who proceeded Thls is the only missionary enter- by water to San Diego, California, prise that I found on the entire west and then by rail to Arizona, from coast. It is conducted by the Rev. there traveling overland to their' Frank Marrs and Mrs. Marrs, as- homes across the border. Ordinarily sisted by the latter's sister, who have the journey to their homes would for many years been doing mission- require only half a day, but in this ary work throughout the State of way required nearly two weeks. Sonora, especially among the Yaqui Indians. The students of HEI It should not be forgotten that Colegio" are bright and neat in ap- with the restoration of peace in pearance, and they give promise of Mexico many Americans will flock developing into very intelligent to that country, and there is certain women who will reflect great credit to be a large number who will miss upon. their benefactors. On account the religious institutions to' which of the political unrest in Mexico, they have been accustomed at home, Dr. Marrs considered it prudent not and still others who can be helped to detain his students in Guaymas, spiritually and even prevented from as the town was surrounded by the falling into the careless way of livrebels, and in October, 1913, the ing and the loose morals of the school was closed for one year, the country if they. can look to some students being sent to their homes. American church or mission near by Eight young ladies, who lived in the for guidance. In the time of war it northern part of the State of Sonora, would be well to prepare for peace which was cut off from Guaymas and for the extension of the King- dom of the .Prince of Peace.

MESSENGERS-ANGELS AND MEN There is no case mentioned in the Bible where an angel was sent to preach the Gospel. An angel, however, was once sent to a man (a centurion). to call another man to preach. Men are called upon not to be heralds, but to be witnesses of that which they know for themselves. God measures life by love. Many things seem impossible which are finally done. "All things are possible to him that believeth."

Dr. Norman McLeod, of Glasgow, on one occasion after representing the alacrity of angels to execute the commissions of God, imagined them as pressing toward the throne to offer to become heralds of salvation. "God thrusts the angels back that he may thrust believers forward," said Dr. McLeod, "for 'Never did angels taste above, redeeming grace or dying love.'''

f'ulness of Time In

Moslem World * DV REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D.D., CAIRO, EGYPT ~T . HE greatest missionary forth His Spirit in their hearts, cry- problem next to that of ing, "Abba, Father." . the evangelization of China, with its four 1. For the first time in history the hundred millions, is whole of Christendom faces the whole Moslem world in its unity.

~ that of the Moslem The crusades were the conflict of world. In Africa, as we have heard, European Christianity against the the destiny of a continent is at stake; Turks in Western Asia; but the the grave peril of Moslem aggression crusaders and the Turks alike were and the supreme urgency for mis- ignorant of the spread of Islam in sionary occupation can not be over- Malaysia and Africa while they vainly stated. fought with carnal weapons for the And yet Africa contains less than possession of Jerusalem. From the one-fourth of the total Moslem world days of Henry Martyn until recent population. In India alone there are years the Moslem world was neglect- twenty million more Moslems than ed in missionary councils and in the in all Africa. In Asia, Islam had its missionary enterprise. To-day this birth, and to the great pilgrim cen- problem holds a foremost place. Not· ters of Western Asia, Mecca, Medina, only at the special conference of and Kerbela, hundreds of thousands Cairo and Lucknow, but at the Edin- come every year from every part of burgh World Conference, the unity the ~oslem world. This quadrennial of this problem and its urgency were convention is not more truly repre- unmistakably emphasized and laid as sentative of the North American col- a common responsibility upon the leges and universities than the an- churches of Christendom.

nual pilgrimage at Mecca is of Islam. The secular press and colonial gov- Five outstanding facts voice the pres- ernments are now fully conscious that ent-day call of the Moslem world to Islam is a world power and are com- Christendom; in five particulars we pelled by present-day events and may truly say that the fulness of movements to give serious study to the time has now come for the evan- the subject. During the past five gelization of these millions-the ful- years more books on Islam have ness of the time for the Son of God appeared in Europe than in any to redeem them that are still under previous decade. The New Encyclo- the law and bondage of Islam that pedia of Islam, Prince Caetani's ex- they might receive the adoption of haustive studies on the early history sons-the fulness of til1)e to send of Islam, in twelve octavo volumes, * An address delivered at the Student Volunteer Convention, Kansas City, Mo.

the French, German, Russian, and the Philippine Islands offered public English monthly or quarterly re- prayer for him that their petition views of the World of Islam-all might be accepted by the caliph of all these are indications that there is a true believers. The leading Moslem new consciousness of the grave im- magazine in Cairo, El Minar, has portance of this subj ect and its rela- subscribers in Morocco and South tion to the progress of humanity. Africa, in China and Australia, in And the unity of the problem is Russia and Java. On the island of felt by Moslems themselves as never Mauritius a weekly Pan-Islamic before. The Moslem press in Cairo, paper is published in French and Calcutta, and Constantinople record, English, and the Moslem press of with the rapidity, the accuracy and India reviews every important mis- the sensitiveness of a seismograph, sionary publication of Europe and every tremor of suspicion or earth- America. They brought out serially quake of disaster in the whole Mo:>- an "expurgated" edition of my lem world. "Arabia, the Cradle of Islam," and "The Balkan War," said the Com- reviewed at length Dr. Herrick's rade of Calcutta, "has laid bare be- "Christian and Moslem." All secrecy, fore the Mussu1mans the great secu- all clandestine approach, all subter- lar problems of their faith. They fuge are things of the past. For bet- have begun to perceive, for the first ter or for worse the Moslem world time after many centuries, with per- faces the Christian world, and Chris- fect clearness, that Islam is not a tendom faces Islam in the open. Vlfe mere terminological expression repre- know-and they know that we know.

senting diverse communities with lives They know-and we ought to know apart, but a living force of spiritual that they know.

and social cohesion binding all Mos- II. We know the true proportions lems in an indissoluble unity of hope, o[ Islam. The Moslem world is purpose, duty and endeavor. The nearer to us and is better k~own brotherhood of Islam has ever been than it ever was known before. "The a fundamental basis of its creed, but shrinkage of the earth," said Lord the Indian Moslems had never felt its Curzon at the annual meeting of the vital strength as keenly as they feel It Royal Geographical Society, "and to-day. The sufferings of the parts the control of the forces of nature by have revived in the whole its sense the organized skill of man has not of organic unity." since the days of the Tudors made a This sense of organic unity in dis- . greater advance in a single decade tress-these disappointed hopes of than during the last ten years." The pan-Is1amism-are they ~ot a chal- enormous expansion of foreign trade lenge to our deepest sympathies and with Egypt, East Africa, and the a call for the outpouring of love and lands of the nearer East has brought service to the brotherhood of Islam? them to our very doors. Russian When Major Finley, the governor railways from the north and British of the Mora Islands, had an audience from the south meet on the border with the Sheikh ul Islam at Con- of Afghanistan. Pilgrims to Mecca stantinople last year, the Moslems of now take tickets from Damascus to

FULNESS OF TIME IN THE MOSLEM WORLD

Medina on the Hejaz railway, linked high, a more careful survey has up with the Bagdad line, which will shown strong groups of Moslems in soon be overland eastward, and the unexpected quarters. In Brazil seven railways surveyed in Persia. Altho Arabic journals are published, and on we do not have a complete census, the island of Trinidad, which has statistics regarding Islam are no JO,ooo Moslems, we are told that no longer mere guess-work or wild ex- less than 1,500 Moslem marriages are aggerations. Professor Westermann celebrated annually. In Madagascar of Berlin has prepared a careful Islam is spreading, in Abyssinia it is statistical survey for Africa and es- winning over thousands of nominal timates the total number of Moham- Christians, and in Japan it is atmedans in the dark continent at only tempting propagandism in modern forty-two millions. For the rest of lines through the press. the world the following statistics may be 'given with confidence, and recall This wider and deeper knowledge to our minds the great numbers and of the spread and the character of the wide distribution of Moslem pop- Islam has raised the important quesulation ;* tion of the fundamental distinction between the animistic, half-heathen India ………………….. . 66,577,247 Moslems of Central Africa and Malaysia, and those of the traditional Philippines …………….. . 277,547 orthodox type. The former number at least fifty millions, are everywhere Dutch East Indies ……….. . 35,308,9;)6 accessible, and responsive to a much greater degree than are those in the Russia (Europe and Asia) … . 20,000,000 old Arabic-speaking Moslem lands. And besides these millions who live Turkey., ………… , …… . 12,278,800 and move on the border-marshes be- tween Islam and Paganism, we face Independent Arabia ……… . 2,500,000 to-day a new kind of Moslem. In Egypt, Turkey, Algeria, India and Afghanistan ……………. . 5,000,000 Persia there are educated Moslems of the New School, who have utterly Persia …………………. . 4,500,000 abandoned faith in traditional Islam -who are fast drifting toward China …………………. . 8,421.000 agnosticism and open infidelity. Those who know the situation, be- French Possessions in Asia .. . 232,000 lieve. These can already be counted by the millions–millions stumbling III Europe ……………… . 2,373.676 over the precipice from the twilight of Islam into midnight and death. Korth America …………. . 8,000 The fact of this increased and more accurate knowledge of the problem South America and West Indies 166,061 is a God-given responsibility. By putting each of us face to face with Australia …………… ' … . 19,500 the facts He lays on us the responsi- bility. "If thou forbear to deliver A grand total for the whole world of about 200 millions. This is nearly 30 millions less than the total given at the Cairo Conference and a hundred million less than the total given by the Moslem press of Cairo. But it is sufficiently large to challenge the heroic faith and the united intercession of the whole church catholic. More careful study by Mr. Marshall Broomhall and Captain D'Ollone's scientific mission nave greatly reduced the estimate formerly given by, China, and altho the figures for the Sudan, Morocco and Persia were also too * A comp1ete statistical survey will appear in the April number of The Moslem World.

them that are drawn into death and and bankrupt in its finances, constituthose that are ready to be slain; if tional Turkey has become a monuthou sayest, Behold we knew it not; ment to the failure and collapse of doth not he that pondereth the heart Moslem rule. Since the beginning of consider it? And he that keepeth thy soul doth not he know it? And the war with Italy, we are told that shall not he render to every man according to his works?" Turkey has lost 637,950 square miles in area of territory and 7,440,000 III. The present political crisis in subjects. the Moslem world shows that the fulness of time has come. The prestige of Islam as a church state is gone. No independent Mos- The events of the past year in the political world have made so deep lem state now exists in Africa. an impression upon Mohammedans Everywhere in the Dark Continent that they no longer fail to see the close relation between the political the forces of Western civilization are collapse of the Turkish Empire and dominant, and Morocco and Tripoli the social disintegration of the Moslem world in general. The past year may now look forward to economic has witnessed a series of events with- and social progress of the same charout parallel in the history of Islam. acter as we witness in Egypt. A The occupation of Morocco, the loss Moslem writer in the Hindustan Reof Tripoli, the partition of Persia, view, speaking of the "result of the and the disastrous defeat of Turkey by the Balkan Allies have followed Balkan War, said: each other with startling rapidity. The Moslem press of India, of the The defeat of Turkey in the Near East and of Egypt, has been Balkans came as a great surprize to openly discussing not only such ques- the whole world, like the defeat of tions as the reason for Turkish de- Russia by Japan a few years ago. cline and defeat, but the more prac- But it was more than a surprize to tical one of what will happen after the Mohammedan world; it was a Turkey breaks up, and a new map of crushing blow, a staggering revela- Western Asia will have to be drawn, tion. And because Turkey was reas well as one of Southeastern Eu- garded as the sole surviving power rope. Pan-Islamism, from a political of Islam, its only hope of glory, this standpoint, is dead. The one coun- revelation of its weakness was actry where Islam has held imperial companied with all the bitterness of power, and to which the rest of the a present disappointment and the un- Moslem world looked as the seat of certainty of a gloomy future. It authority, openly confesses its defeat was such a grievous shock that it unnerved the whole Mohammedan not only on the field of battle, but in world. the field of diplomacy and statecraft. Shrunken in size, shorn of all its out- In Asiatic Turkey the old struggle lying provinces, distrusted by its Arab population, divided in its councils, of the Arab against the Turk, and of the Old Turk against the New Turk. is full of unforeseen possibili- ties. In the province of Hassa last year, all the Turkish officials were turned out by the Arabs, and the Turkish army quietly told to leave and ship to Busrah. In .the Bagdad and Busrah vilayets the struggle for home rule has become so vigorous

FULNESS OF TIME IN THE MOSLEM WORLD

that at times the Arabs attempt to ent parallel anywhere in the world, dictate the policy of the Turkish not even in China. It is impossible Government over the wires to Con- to close its perusal without a deep stantinople. Decentralization is the impression of the utter hopelessness watchword, and unless wiser councils of the Persian situation. The child prevail with the Committee of Union Shah, the absentee Regent, the helpand Progress, these movements for less Cabinet which resigns once a self-government in the various Turk- week, the Treasurer-General, wringish provinces threaten the disruption ing his hands in agonized appeal for of the empire from within. There money to fill an empty treasury, are are rumors of a Triple Alliance in only the more conspicuous figures Arabia between the Sheriff of Mecca, upon a sea of dismal anarchy. the ruler of Nejd, and Ibn Saood, the most powerful prince of the in- The Russian occupation of the terior. The province of Yemen is north, the British pacification of the again in rebellion, and even the best south, and the possible control even friends of Turkey can see no future of the neutral zone by these Powers, for her save the gradual partition of will usher in a new day of liberty the provinces between the Powers. and progress for Persia. The Ameri- Already in the newspaper dispatches, can missionaries welcome Russian diplomatic secrets are leaking out, rule in preference to Persian anarchy. and not only the man on the street in London but in Beirut and Damas- India and Malaysia, with over 100,- cus is discussing the future spheres 000,000 Mohammedans under a Chrisof influence of Germany, England, tian emperor and a Christian queen, France; and Russia in Asiatic Tur- enjoy the blessings of civilized govkey. ernment. Here there is every free- clam for missionary effort and enter- A similar crisis can be observed in prise. An open door to one-half of other lands. Persia, under its new the Moslem world! Only in Afghanconstitution and with its high hopes istan is there still a considerable numfor liberty, equality, and fraternity, ber of Mohammedans under direct was not "strangled," as Mr. Shuster Moslem rule, and even here the has indicated in his book, by Russian Young Afghan Party has come foroccupation on the north and British ward with a program of constituinfluence in the south, alone. Persian tional reform and progress. They constitutional government died at its favor Western education, and may hirth because the Persians themselves perhaps themselves unbar the gates are unfit for self-government. The of this great closed land. Times of London, in a leading article, speaking of Persia under the head- The results of this universal politiing, "The Deathbed of an Ancient cal collapse as regards Moslem rule Kingdom," said: are deep and far-reaching. Because Could some later Gibbon give form Islam is a church state the occupaand cohesion to its masses of authentic details, he might draw a picture tion of Moslem lands and their conwhich would certainly have no pres- trol by Western governments affects the whole criminal law and whole sections of the civil law, and compels the readjustment of the religious rights and privileges of the Koran

with its medieval legislation to new Congress was so gravely imprest by conditions and the demands of the present situation in Africa, their civilized colonial governments. There appeal should find a response among was a time when European colonial the students of Great Britain, Amergovernments, terror-stricken by fear ica, and the Continent. of pan-Islamism, favored Islam or As a reaction, and in some cases as compromised Christianity in their at- a revolt, in the present political crisis, tempts to meet this crisis. This is we note two counter-movements: that still the case in some parts of Africa. of Mahdism and of pan-Islamic Na- But a change for the better is al- tionalism. Andre Servier has shown ready evident. The Dutch Colonial that these two movements are mutually hostile, and are both hopeless as re- Government is now following a new gards their ideals. The one is strong- est in the west and among the unedupolicy favoring the work of missions cated masses of North Africa. Their and opposing the further spread of hope for the rise of a Mahdi who Islam throughout Malaysia. At the shall restore the lost empire of Islam German Colonial Congress in I91O, is based upon eschatological ideas, the Moslem peril in East Africa was and from time to time produces political unrest, as we have seen in fearlessly discust, and a strong reso- the Sahara, at Khartoum, and, more lution adopted by the whole congress recently, in Somaliland. These hopes representing Protestant, Roman Cath- are kindled by the dervish orders, especially the Sennusi. Pan-Islamic olic, and socialistic leaders. The text Nationalism, on the contrary, has its of the resolution is a missionary chal- centers in Calcutta, Constantinople and Cairo. It is strongest in the lenge: eastern part of the Moslem world and has its followers among those who Since the progress of Islam in our have received a Western education. colonies is accompanied by grave Over against these two movements it perils, this Colonial Congress recom- i~ the task of Christianity to point out mends a thoroue-h study of Moslem that the real Mahdi who can satisfy propagandism. The Congress is all our spiritual hopes is none other thoroughly convinced that everything than Jesus Christ, and to proclaim to which favors the progress of Islam the Moslem masses the hope of His and hinders the progress of Chris- return. The Second Advent is a tianity, should be avoided, and espe- doctrine which has a real place in the cially commends the cultural efforts theology of Islam as well as in Chrisof missionary education and hospital tianity. It has not yet come to its work, to the support of the Colonial own. We should present it, apart Government. We also recognize in from any pet theory, in its living the Moslem peril an urgent challenge reality as revealed to us in the Gosto German Christianity to occupy the pel. In the same way, Christianity regions threatened by Islam with and Christian education are the only missionary effort. (Report, p. 62.) hope for a real Nationalism. The It is remarkable that this result fol- lowed a presentation of the subject by Inspector Axenfeld, representing Protestant missions; Dr. Hansen, rep- resenting the Roman Catholics, and Professor Becker, one of the keenest students of Islam from a secular standpoint. Surely if the Colonial

FULNESS OF TIME IN THE MOSLEM WORLD

development of character in the Cairo to Alexandria? The question of school of Jesus Christ is the only ceremonial washing before prayer is guaranty of liberty, equality, and greatly complicated when the ordi- fraternity, as well as of self-govern- nary ritual can not be fulfilled bement, for the nations of the Nearer cause of Western boots and shoes. East. Who will carry this evangel Many ordinary medicines can not be to them? taken without offense to Moslem law, because they contain alcohol. His IV. The social and intellectual amusements and artistic tastes also crisis in the M aslem 'World is a pres- run counter to the best traditions of ent-day call. The impact of the the Moslem religion. It is still an Vest, through trade, governments open question among Mohammedans and education, has utterly changed whether sculpture and photography old social standards, practises, and are allowable and whether the gramoideals. In this, missionary education phone and the theater are permissible has had the largest influence. The amusements; and when our friend daily life of an educated Moslem in yields in all these particulars to the Constantinople or Cairo affords a impact of the West, those who are vivid illustration. Here stands our true to the old ideals do not hesitate friend Mohammed Effendi, clad in to call him a kaffir; that is, unbe- Vestern costume, with a good knowl- liever. And as regards the Old Islam . edge of French or of English, in their accusation is just. touch with the best and the worst of Western literature and culture, ambi- The New Islam is therefore anxtious to take his place in the march ious to incorporate all the progress of progress, and yet at every step and ideals of Western civilization by confronted by the question, Which a reinterpretation of the 'Koran. They shall I choose-the old religion or attempt to prove that Islam was not the new civilization? When he takes propagated by the sword, that slavery his purse from his pocket, ten to one was only a temporary institution, and the question has already been de- that polygamy was not permitted by cided against tradition, that hog's the Prophet Mohammed-in fact, leather is not polluting. But shall that he himself was not really a he put his money out at interest, polygamist. These feats of exegesis which is forbidden by the Koran? would be ridiculous if they were not Shall he keep his watch true to pathetic. All educated Moslems are Vestern time, or set it at sunset as abandoning the traditions and taking all pious Moslems have done since refuge in the Koran for a final stand watches were invented? Will he fol- ag-ainst Christianity if it be possible. low the Western calendar or that of The character of the Prophet is be- Arabia? Will he risk religious con- coming a stumbling block to all tamination by taking his food in a earnest thinkers, and there are hun- Greek restaurant, where lard is used? dreds of thousands of Mohamme- How will he find the true Kibla dans whose social and moral ideals toward which to make his prostra- are higher than those of Mohammed tions on an ocean steamer or m a himself. Could there be a stronger railway carriage zigzagging from call than this for us to present to

them the reality of the living Christ, addition to this the old Islam is bewho is at once the ideal of character and its creator; its author and its coming. conscious of its spiritual finisher? bankruptcy. The International Re- view of Missions has had a series of Popular education, both under government supervision and through the articles on the Vital Forces of Chriseffort and example of Christian missions, as well as the enormous in- tianity and Islam. The Moslems in fluence of the Moslem press, are spreading these new ideas every- Cairo and in Calcutta are printing where. Great popular movements like the Sharikat Islam in Java, or articles on the dying forces at work the Moslem League of India, are also indications of this new spirit. ill their religion. Mr. S. Khuda The former movement began in Java only two years ago and has already Bakhsh, an enlightened Moslem of held a congress where thirty thousand people were present. In some re- India, says of his experiences at spects it seems to be a successor of the Boedi Oetama, a young Javanese Mecca: movement for self-government and nationalism, but it is on a still larger To-day the Mullahs of Mecca scale and appears more religious in mount a pUlpit and air their erudicharacter. tion; that is, their knowledge of the traditions, as they interpret them ac- A missionary writes: "What the cording to their respective schools, future of the movement will be no and end with a few wandering, lifeone can say, but it is certain that less sentences in condemnation of all within the past year greater changes heretics, in contempt of this life, and have come into the minds of the in praise of the world to come. A Javanese than in the past twenty- philosopher would consider their serfive years. We stand before a new mons ridiculous. . . . The wonder epoch. Will it be favorable for the is that the faithful can be found to spread of the Kingdom of Jesus obey the behests of these tradition- Christ? It is a call to persevering ridden miracle-mongers. who do nothprayer that Java in its present ing to lessen the breach between the awakening may not only desire edu- sects, but leave the more enlightened cation and true nationalism, but also laymen to lead the way to reunion. that salvation which is only in Jesus My Meccan experiences prove this, Christ our Lord." that the faith of the priest is stagnant from the want of the breath of rea- V. The present-day spiritual crisis son. In its decadence Islam is in Islam is a call to evallgelism. No priest-begotten and priest-ridden. thinking Moslem can face the present world situation of Islam without Everywhere Moslems are bemoanrealizing that from the side of politilts and education the very founda- ing the fact that the day of opportions of Islam are in danger. But in tunity is lost, that their religion is on the decline, and that its ideals are not high enough to bear comparison with those of Christianity. A young sheikh, Mohammed el Attar, for some years a teacher in El Azhar University and a voluminous writer of pamphlets, has recently issued a smaIl booklet under the title, "Where is Islam ?-an essay setting forth the Present Condition of Moslems, socially, intellectually, and morally."

In this pamphlet of only thirty-two

FULNESS OF TIME IN THE MOSLEM

pages we have a cry from the heart their worst. Or when the species of of a Moslem of the old school, de- fungi known as dry-rot begins to spairing of reform and watching with penetrate oak timber, the process of regret the decaying forces at work destruction can not be easily arrested. in Islam. It is not a book of con- The wood is no longer fit for service; troversy against Christians, but is its native strength is gone. If those addrest to Moslems by one of them- Moslems whose testimony we have selves. It is a call for reform, if re- just read are not mere pessimists, form is yet possible. It is a cry of hut, as we believe, true prophets from despair, for, in the words of the the midst of their brethren, then author, "There is no true and living Islam is already doomed. Its vital Islam left in the world." forces have been sapped and its moral and spiritual collapse are as In an Arabic journal published at inevitable as was the case in the Zanzibar we read: Moslem world of politics. It is for us to tell them that there is a balm The Christian powers of the West in Gilead and that the Great Phy- ,ician, Jesus Christ, can heal the have made a determined attack upon open sore of the world!

the East with cavalry and infantry The advocates of the New Islam are our allies in all questions of and iron-clads and their political or- social reform and in the raising of new ethical standards. Men like ganizations. The pillars of the East Ameer Ali, and Khuda Bakhsh, of India; the late Kasim Amin Bey, in are tottering, its thrones are being Egypt, and Gasprinsky, in Russia, are all of them engaged in adjusting the destroyed, its power is being shat- old Islam to the standards of the Sermon on the Mount. There is a tered, and its supremacy is being new attitude toward Christianity and tile Bible everywhere among all obliterated. The Moslem world is dasses. Instead of arrogance and fanaticism, a willingness to hear and divided against itself, and everyone to investigate. If the Moslem problem is, as a missionary in Turkey is busied with his own private inter- stated: "To get the proudest man in the world to take the thing he hates ests. Brother no longer listens to the from the hand of the man whom he despises," we already see its solution cry of brother. . . The mis- at every mission station. The in- crease of Bible sales in Arabia sionaries are strengthening them- amounting to over 7,000 last year; the freedom for public preaching in selves in their attack upon the Mos- Persia in bazaars and even in mosques; the overcrowding of Chrislem faith, not being satisfied with tian hospitals in Turkey; the many gaining possession of the Moslem kingdoms and their states. What has befallen the Moslem world from their poisonous breath is due to the divis- ions of the Moslem world, their mutual hatred, and the divisions in their kingdoms. In this way they have lost the whole world; and their sickness is incurable.

When a consulting physician has carefully diagnosed a patient who is suspected to be suffering from the deadly germ of tuberculosis and the irrevocable verdict has been given that the disease has advanced so far as to be incurable, one may say that he is a dying man. The forces of death are already at work, and it is only a matter of time when they will do

public baptisms in Egypt and in evangelistic services are held eyery India; are they not all tangible week addr est by converted Moslems proofs of a new day of opportunity and by missionaries. Last winter the and promise? Direct work for Mo,;- numbers that came to the American lems is possible nearly everywhere. Mission from EI Azhar University During the past year the Gospel has to hear the Gospel fearlessly pro- been preached in places which were claimed by a former Moslem were so formerly considered dangerous and great that hundreds were turned inaccessible-J iddah, the port of away at the doors and the police Mecca; Yenbo, the port of Medina, were compelled to clear the streets.

and Meshed and Kerbela, the great Yet the crowd was good-natured, and Persian centers of pilgrimage. we only regret there was no audi- Last year a native Christian phy- torium large enough to hold them.

sician in the Turkish army wit- Vlho would have thought that such nessed for Christ in Medina where public mass meetings for students also Christians are forbidden en- from El Azhar University to hear trance. Is not all this prophetic of the Gospel could be advertised in the the day when Moslem press? Yet this has been "Uplifted are the gates of brass; the case in Cairo. One Moslem paper in Tanta even went so far as to re- The bars of iron yield port the main argument of my ad- To Jet the King of Glory pass; The cross hath won the field."

The fields to-day are white unto dress on "Christianity the Final Re- the harvest. There was a time of ligion," for its readers. There was a patient preparation and of hope de- time when we spoke of sweet first ferred which maketh the heart sick- fruits in Moslem lands. To-day we the days of the pioneers who wearily witness whole sheaves gathered for dragged the plowshare of God the coming harvest. In Java there breaking fallow ground and barren are over 24,000 converts from Islam, rock. They translated the Scriptures, and more than three hundred bap- opened schools and built hospitals. tisms every year. In Sumatra the That was the time of waiting; of missionaries speak of the arrest of patient opportunism and of indirect Islam in its progress among the methods of approach. To-day all has pagan tribes and point to the miracle changed. From India, Persia, Mo- of God's grace among the Battaks.

rocco, Egypt, Turkey, Arabia, we From Bengal we hear of large num- hear that direct work for Moslems by bers gathered into the Christian the tactful presentation of the living Church. "In nearly every district,"

Christ is not only possible but fruit- writes Missionary John Takle, "there ful beyond all expectations. We are to be found Moslem converts, may truly say that the Moslems to- and in one district-Nadia-there is day are. hungering for the Gospel and a Christian community, at least five in some places eager to hear the thousand of whom are either con- claims of Jesus Christ. In Morocco verts or descendants of converts from there is open-air preaching to Mos- the Mohammedan faith." An ex- lems without disturbance. In Cail"O perienced missionary from Central and other cities of Egypt crowdl'J China summed up the situation in

that marvelous land of unprece- borders of Afghanistan, William dented opportunities in these words: Borden looking out to the horizon "J am more than ever convinced that of China–;-all these have labored and the fulness of time has come for the we are entered into their labors. Mohammedan people." "The good seed," said Jesus Christ, "are the children of the Kingdom." The Moslems of China have found- "Except a grain of wheat fall into ed an educational union with head- the ground and die, it abideth alone, quarters at Nanking and at Peking. but if it die it bringeth forth much They are publishing a magazine in fruit." Who will consecrate them- Arabic and Mandarin. There is a selves this day for the evangelizarevival of Arabic study in every tion of the Moslem world? Who province of China, and now is the will put his life into the bnd of God time to prepare and distribute Arabic for this sowing? Christian literature for China's millions who have no higher ideals than The present situation is an imthose of the Arabian prophet. Who perative call for hundreds of specially will become the apostle to the Mos- trained workers in every mission lems of China and lift up the banner area, and for men and women with that fell from the grasp of William the spirit of the pioneer to enter the W. Borden, who gave his all and unoccupied fields and become the laid down his life in Cairo? From good seed of God for the future har- Bulgaria and Albania, from Bengal, vest. Others are needed to take the and from the Punjab, news reaches place of those who have fallen at· us of the beginnings of what may the front, to lift their fallen standbecome mass movements toward ards, to complete their unfinished Christianity from Islam. Weare task, to be baptized in their spirit, living in a day of new possibilities. baptized for the dead. When we We are the heroes of the ages, the think of men like Dr. Thoms of possessors of the accumulated ener- Arabia, Dr. Payne of Cairo, Dr. Pengies of yet unanswered prayers of nell of India, and our own liVilliam the stored-up dynamic of faith, tears Borden, who laid down his life for and blood in the Moslem world. The China in Cairo, we say with Bishop glorious company of the early Mos- Moule: lem apostles-Raymond Lull, Henry Martyn, 'Keith Falconer, Bishop "0 Eastern lover from the West! French; the noble army of recent Thou hast out-soared these prisoning martyrs-Dr. Thoms of Arabia, Dr. Payne of Cairo, Dr. Pennell on the bars; Thy memory, on thy Master's breast, Uplifts us like the beckoning stars. We follow on where thou hast led; Baptize us, Savior, for the dead."

WHAT MISSIONS REALLY ARE (1) Missions are a matter of common honesty. We are trustees of the Gospel we hold, and embezzlers if we withhold it from others.

(2) Missions are a matter of simple obedience. Whatever the world says of missionaries or converts, our duty is plain-to obey Christ, who unquestionably commanded us to evangelize the world.

(3) Missions are a matter of national self-interest. Where we have evangelized, there we have prospered; where we have been false to our" trust, trouble has befallen us.

n Ho, A Leper Girl of

BY MRS. L. R. MASON, RICHMOND, VA.

N HO belonged to the bloomed out strong and full in this unfortunate class of congenial and invigorating atmos- blind singing girls in phere. She committed the whole New China, who, being con- Testament. to memory, except a few sidered utterly useless of the last chapters. by their parents, when born blind, are sold for trifling sums But at the end of three years a new to vile women, who rear them to a and terrible misfortune came. She depraved and terrible existence, lead- developed leprosy. Blind, lame leper! ing them about the streets to sing at The sum of her misfortune was com- the lowest haunts, until the wretched, plete. She must leave the kind, shel- helpless creatures are sunk into tering hospital, to wander out in her deepest degradation. darkness, a helpless, despised nuisance A diseased foot caused Un Ho's upon the earth. owner to bring the girl to a Christian hospital in Canton for treatment. The There was a leper village not far medical missionary in charge has since from Canton. She knew they were .declared that a more unpromising case all heathen, and declared her intention had rarely come under his notice, of casting her lot among them as a mentally benumbed and responsive to missionary. no appeal or kindness. The progress of the disease necessitated amputation Scarcely a year had passed when the in time, but when the surgeon an- news came that the lepers wanted bap- nounced it, her mistress positively re- tism and Christian services among fused to allow the operation, which them. Missionaries went to them, would prevent her from being led baptized 20 candidates, and in a short about the town with the group of other time 20 more were received into the singing girls. When compelled to Church. allow it by the girl's condition, the woman abandoned her altogether, and The villagers near by hearing of . Un Ho was left in the hands of the this strange work among the lepers, Christians of the hospital. many came to inquire into it, and be- A great change meantime had been came converted to Christianity. Soon slowly showing in this unhappy girl as there were 70 converts, the result of the light of Truth dawned and shone this one poor blind woman's efforts! in her darkened soul. She began to study, and learned to read the Bible, For some years a commodious showing signs of earnest desire for chapel, to which the Leper Mission reformation, finally asked for baptism largely contributed, with adjoining and was admitted into the Church of sections for lepers and unleprous Christ. Meantime, her spiritual life Christians, with regular religious services and a good congregation, has stood as a result of the life of the unfortunate yet greatly blessed Un Ho, whose name, translated, is "Changed for the Good."

Phor.ograph by Underwood Ilnd

A GROUP OF ALBANIAN HIGHLANDERS AT HOME The Making of a Nation THE RISE OF ALBANIA AND THE PRESENT OPPORTUNITY BY REV. C. TELFORD ERICKSON, ELBASAN , ALBANIA Missionary of the American Board I1O NE day in Boston, in the churches. The Albanian re- about six years ago, plied: "That is precisely what we there appeared be- want and need." The matter was fore the secretary of presented to the Prudential Commit- the American Board tee of the Board, and after some a young Albanian Bey, days the Albanian was told that the who came to present an appeal in Committee did not see its way clear, behalf of his people. Altho this for financial reasons, to open such Albanian was a Mohammedan, he a mission at that time. The Albanian asked that a mission be opened in was greatly disappointed, and pro- Albania. Dr. James L. Barton, the tested that "rich America" ought not secretary, told him plainly that if to refuse such a call from a poor and the Board opened a mission there it opprest and suffering people. The must be a Christian mission, where young Bey departed, but returned the Christ and His doctrines would be next day, and repeated his appeal to taught in the schools, and preached the secretary, only to receive the

same answer. He, however, returned single exception this treatment has a third time, and was so insistent for been given us not by the Albanian a favorable reply, that the answer people, but by the Turkish Governwas reconsidered by the Board, and ment. That exception was when a it was decided that if $25,000 could band of two hundred armed Mohambe secured as a special fund for Al- medan Albanians came to the town bania, the mission would be opened. where we were living, intending to A few months later the money had take my life, because a secret combeen subscribed, and two mission- mittee of Young Turks had reprearies, Rev. Phineas B. Kennedy arid sented to them that I was not an the Rev. C. Telford Erickson, with American missionary, but an Austrian their wives, were appointed to open spy, sent there to betray the country the mission among that people. This to Austria. It was said that unless was the call of the "Man of Mace- they got rid of me, Austria would donia" for help. take possession of the country, and they would he forcibly baptized into The work was assumed by the the Roman Catholic faith. With this American Board with the full under- exception, the Albanian people' have standing that the undertaking would been corelial, respectful, and sympabe fraught with difficulty and dan- thetic with regard to all the efforts ger, and might in the end even prove we have put forth to help them as a a failure. The people were reported nation. to be fierce and lawless, divided by wars, blood-feuds and differences of A Remarkable Opportunity religion. They were unruly, and among them no foreigner's life was Now, after six years of labor among considered safe. Such is the picture them, we find ourselves intrusted with drawn of them in the European a most remarkable responsibility and press, and in articles written by opportt1nity. In order to understand various journalists who had touched this, one must realize the conditions their shores, but had neycr pene- that are found in that land. The trated the interior of the country. ·people are reduced to the extrem- Little or nothing was known by the ities of poverty, without one good world of the real character and his- road through their whole country, tory of this people. without a railroad, and without any of the modern methods and improved Hardship, difficulty and oppression implements of agriculture. There have been experienced by the mis- are no national schools, no hospitals, sionaries of the American Board, for and no modeni' physicians. Fourthere has been a continual struggle to fifths of the tillable land has been maintain a foothold in the territory. abandoned to wilderness and swamp, Time after time, the work has been as breeding-places of disease; their broken up, and we have been driven cities have no proper sanitation, and from home. On two occasions we no provision for the control of conhave been imprisoned, have been tagious diseases. The people are unspied upon by police, our homes have derfed, half clothed, and poorly been searched, and our correspondence housed. The death-rate is about fifty has been confiscated; but with a per cent., and the country is in a con-

MAKING OF A

stant state of insurrection and revolu- and Italy were seeking, by means of tion, because of the impossible political their schools, to subsidize them for conditions that the Turkish Govern- their political ends. ment is continually imposing upon them. Taxes are farmed out to tax- I n reI i g ion, Mohammedanism gathers, and altho forty or even fifty claimed sixty-five per cent of the peoper cent. is often collected, none of it ple, but Mohammedanism was idenis spent for internal improvements, tified with the tyranny, oppression but all is sent to Constantinople, or and misrule of the Turkish Governused to fill the pockets of local ment. The Greek Orthodox faith was Turkish officials. used to further the political ambi- tions of Greece, Bulgaria and Servia, RESULTS OF S HOT AND S H E LL AT SCUTARI, ALBA N IA In the main centers of population, the while in the north, Roman Cathol- Turkish Government opened a few ICism, under the protection of schools, where Turkish was taught, Austria and Italy, was used to furand they also allowed Greece to open ther the political ambitions of those a few Greek schools. Similar per- two nations. Thus from every standmission was accorded to Austria and point-industrial, political, educa- Italy, to Bulgaria and Servia. All tional and religious-the people found of these were centers of political themselves enslaved. They were de~ propaganda. The Turkish schools nied the use of their own language, had for their aim to Ottomanize the were hindered from cultivating their nation, the Greek and Servian own fields, were forbidden to open propagandas to win the nation their own schools, or even to print a to their standards, while Austria paper or book in their own language;

and denied even the comfort of sus- that Mohammedanism' has been a taining faith. They were, indeed, curse, that the Greek faith has been sheep without a shepherd; sheep that but a cloak for political propaganda, had been shorn of their own fleece, that they mistrust the friendship of and were offered the wolves' clothing Austria and Italy, and desire to be for minds and souls, but nothing for free from all of these influences and their bodies. become a Protestant people. Their What wonder -that the Albanian passionate desire is for the education Bey, six years ago, appealed to rich of their children, and they would in- America for sympathy and help. trust to us their training. They wish What wonder that when we mission- their girls to learn our ideals, our re- aries came among them we were re- ligious faith, our modem life, that ceived with open arms. The people they may become the worthy mothers soon learned that we came with no of the new State. They covet for political designs, but with the single their boys such training as will fit motive and desire to do what we them' to introduce modern methods of could to relieve their suffering and agriculture and to work successfully to help them physically, mentally, and at the various trades. In a word.

spiri tually. they wish them to be able to develop In the light of these events, it is the wonderful. natural resources of therefore no miracle, and no wonder their beautiful land. Under the that when the six great Powers of blessing of God, and the stimulus of Europe decreed a free Albania, the wise arid faithful leaders and helpers, first official decree of that nation was Albania may easily become one of that their ruler must be a Protestant the garden places' of Europe. The prince. Nor is it a wonder that hav- scenery is as beautiful as that of ing obtained this prince from the Switzerland, and the climate is more European Powers, they have· said to attractive than that of Algiers or the the representatives of the American Riviera.

Board : "We want you to enlarge Five years of life among this peo- your equipment and strengthen your ple has revealed to us the fact that forces among us, so as to enable you they are a people of superlatively fine to establish Protestant churches and qualities; frugal, industrious, sober, Protestant institutions in the heart independent, honest, faithful to a and center of our nation's life. When' trust, without national vices, with we missionaries protested that the deep respect for womanhood, a people funds would not justify such a large with imagination and soul, and undertaking, they begged me to ob- capable of taking on the highest cul- tain permission of the board to go ture. The oldest race of Europe, to America and appeal in their be- older than Roman or Greek, there is half to the American people for the cherished in the secret heart of the necessary funds and forces to under- nation a profound conviction that take this task. Officials of the Gov- their national faith is the faith which ernment, and Albanian leaders have, was brought to them by none other from one end of the land to the than the great missionary of Jesus other, spoken in one voice, declaring Christ, the Apostle Paul. Silent wit-

nesses to that faith may be found to- law to the nations of the world, so day in scores of desolated and ruined Albania has endured her years of opchurches standing amid Albania's pression and bondage that she might forests and mountains. When they be disciplined and trained to become ask us for the Protestant Christian the teacher and exponent of the faith, they say, "It is no disgrace law of life and love exemplified in and no dishonor for us to come back the teachings of Jesus Christ. She and embrace again the faith of our may thus bring healing, first to · the fathers ." war–tossed peoples of the Balkan Peninsula, and then to the great Mos- We have come to the belief that lem world of which she is to-day a this call of the Albanian nation has THE HAREM OF A MOHAMMEDAN BEY IN BAVAT, ALBANIA in it a far-reaching and divine pur- part. That this nation only might pose. The four hundred and fifty be saved is worthy of the combined years of oppression and bondage un- efforts and prayers of all our Chrisder Turkey have not been for any tian forces, but when this effort recrime which they as a people have lates itself so vitally to that Mohamcommitted, nor for any denial of the medan Problem which has been the faith. Their faIling into the hands despair of all our mission boards, of the Turks in the fifteenth century and the despair of many a miswas through no fault of theirs, but by sionary in the field, then the call the betrayal of the so-called Christian assumes such an authoritative, imnations. On the other hand, we be- perative and divine significance that lieve that just as Israel had her days no disciple of Jesus Christ dares to of bondage in Egypt, in order that ignore it. If this million and a half she might be trained to be the teach- Mohammedan Albanians should beers and exponents of God's moral come charged with the forces, the

spiritual energies of our Christian America, or in England, for the faith, they can accomplish more, we strategic openings that are waiting believe, in breaking through the solid our occupation. We propose to bui1d wall of Mohammedanism as it stands a hospital and to equip it with a to-day than any other forces or fac- medical staff and dispensary, and a tors working upon that ~ mighty training-school for nurses. This will problem. deal with the problem of the nation's During the Turkish-Greek war, health. We also plan to open a thirty years ago, Turkish generals in boarding-school for boys, with an in- dustrial department; likewise one for girls. We need a printing plant to provide a new literature for the na- tion. Preparatory schools are re- quired in various parts of the coun- try to be under our control but largely under native support. To the accomplishment of this task, we invite the cooperation of all Christians.

One of my Albanian friends put the situation in the form of a par- able: "Europe is a garden; each little section is filled with flowers cultivated to their highest efficiency, but in one corner of the garden stands a wild thorn tree. People visiting this garden ask, 'Why is that thorn tree growing among the flowers?' and the gardener answers: 'That you may know that if Rowers are not planted SOME MEMEERS OF THE PROVISIONAL ALBA1UAN the thorns will grow.''' That thorn GOVERNMENT tree is growing to-day in our Al- command of Albanian troops com- bania, while Europe is growing the plained that they were unable to cap- flowers of its Christian civilization.

ture any Greeks, because the Al- Root out the thorn tree and plant banians invariably went singing into among us the flowers of the Chrisbattle, and at the sound of their war tian faith, and I assure you that in songs the Greeks as invariably fled. the strong, fresh soil of Albania Give to this nation the battIe-song there will grow the most beautiful of our Christian faith, and they will flow~rs of the whole garden. Ours be simply invincible as they follow is the sacred and inviting task of the Son of God in His campaign. rooting out of that nation's heart this To reshape and strengthen this wild thorn tree of ignorance, super- nation, we are undertaking to secure stition, and all the evil forces that a fund of $IOO,ooo, and a half- have been centered in that nation's dozen or more of the best equippc' life, and plant there the beautiful workers that can be obtained in . "Rose of Sharon."

A PROTESTANT CONGREGATION IN AN OaANGE GaOVE, I SLE OF PINES

r[he Episcopal Church lVlission In Cuba BY RT. REV. ALBION W . KNIGHT, D.D. Bishop of the Protestant Episcopal Church """",…-v~,…,,-.,,",, N the Island of Cuba production of anything that the we find two differing mother country could produce; the ideas of civilization- intent being that the colonies might the conception of civili- absorb as far as possible the produc- zation that belonged to tion of the mother country and thus the period of the ex- furnish commerce and trade for the plorers in the time of Columbus, and latter. Under these conditions Cuba the idea of civilization which pre- confined its productions and,· of vails to-day in the most enlightened course, manufacturing was not en- countries of the world. couraged. The only agricultural pur- For nearly four hundred years suits that were permitted were the Cuba 'was isolated and had no actual raising of sugar and tobacco. Within contact with progressive ideas or the past twenty years, however, and ideals. It remained during this more particularly since the liberation period of time a colony of Spain, of Cuba from Spain, and its estab- and as a colony of Spain it was re- lishment as an independent republic, stricted in· its development. The ,,~e find that there has been rapid de- colonial policy of. Spain forbade the velopment. In this development

there was the necessity of bringing island, which previously had been in new elements. Immigration was only one-tenth developed. These required to set forward the move- Americans are, as a rule, men and ment, and the infusion of capital from women who are not connected with other countries was also necessary. the old form of religion that has ex- With this forward movement there isted in Cuba. Mong with this imcame more liberal ideas among the migration of our own people it was people which permitted the freedom and is but natural that the Episcopal of worship. To meet these new con- Church should go. The first work, therefore, of our Church is the care HOLY TRINITY CATHEDRAL, HAVANA, CUBA of the American people who have settled in the Island of Cuba, or who ditions the people must have a dif- are there only temporarily. ferent conception of religion from that which had prevailed in the col- Outside of the city of Havana the onyfor nearly four hundred years. greater portion of the Americans in In this, naturally, the Protestant Cuba are settled either in the min- Episcopal Church has had its place, ing or in rural districts. In the and has had to do a threefold work. mountains of the province of San- tiago, a large number of Americans The Care of Americana are engaged in the development of the enormous deposits of iron. These On account of the proximity to Americans are largely men of collethe United States, and also because giate education, mmmg engineers, of the close political affiliation that chemists, and men of that type. They has come as a consequence of the are separated from the ties and asso- Spanish-American War, there has ciations which were formed in their been an immigration to Cuba from younger days at home. The enthe United States. This immigration vironment is such that the tendency is engaged largely in developing the is to yield to the influences which naturally drag one down. The presence of an American clergyman, even tho his visits are infrequent, has an influence far beyond what one would realize. It is a touch of home which recalls memories that have a certain sustaining power.

In addition to those who are en- gaged in mining, there are those who are connected with the large sugar estates. The production of st'lgar in Cuba is so enormous that more than half of the sugar consumed in the United States comes from that island. Gradually the sugar interests have been getting into the hands of Ameri- cans. These sugar estates employ a

EPISCOPAL CHURCH MISSION IN CUBA

certain amount of skilled American districts. It is the family life of the help. These men, and frequently American who has left his home with their families with them, are sep- his wife and his children and has arated from contact with the move- gone into this new and strange land ments of the world. They are ab- with the hope that he is going t6 be sorbed for many months in the year able to better himself materially. with the great mills which grind These are our own American people twenty-four hours a day, and seven in the midst of a differing civilizadays a week. These people need the tion and a differing conception of presence of a clergyman of their morals and religion. The Church Church, who shall occasionally ap- must follow them in order thftt they pear upon the scene and shake them may not become lost by being ab- HOLY TRINITY, THE PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CATHEDRAL. HAVANA. CUBA by the hand, altho it be not possible sorbed or assimilated by their sur- that they s~all be gathered into a roundings. This class of people service. need church buildings, regular ser- The third class of Americans are vices, and resident clergymen and those who have settled in colonies schools.

in portions of Cuba and in the Isle I emphasize the schools because in of Pines. They have bought their a country like Cuba the school sys- lands and have undertaken the de- tem, of course, is the public school velopment of these lands more par- system of the island. In this system ticularly along the line of citrus everything is taught in the Spanish fruits. One finds in these colonies . language, with Cuban teachers, and the family life which we find only the children are taught to think in infrequently in the mining or· sugar Spanish and according to the Span-

ish mode of thought. It is necessary, of Constancia, Preston, Banes, and therefore, that the Church should Ensenada de Mora. maintain schools among these people. It might be asked, why do not For West Indian Negroes the people themselves maintain their own schools ? The reply is easily In addition to the American elefound in the fact that such an or- ment-and in this I include Canadians ganization as the Church can better and Englishmen, of whom there are assume the responsibility and can quite a number in Cuba-there is the also conduct the schools with more negro laborer who comes from the harmony. Financial aid is also nec- r:ritish West Indies. The supply of essary, as the people have spent their labor in Cuba is far short of the deall, and must wait for a period of mand, whereas, in the other West years before their grape-fruit and Indian islands, the supply exceeds the orange groves can produce. demand. With this infusion of the blacks from the British West Indies, It may naturally be asked what there comes a population many of has our Church done among the "h0111 are already members of the American people? The following Episcopal Church, or rather of the miSSions are conducted for their Church of England. The care of benefit: In the cathedral in Havana the (hese people, who are essentially re- English services are the main services ligious and most loyal in their church of the church; in La Gloria, where affiliations, throws a certain burden there is an American colony of sev~ upon the American Episcopal Church. eral hundred families, we have a Vve can not say to the Church of neat church building, a rectory, and England, this is your work, come and a resident clergyman; also for the do it, because the two churches do American people resident in this not exercise jurisdiction in the same colony the Church has been conduct- territory. These people have moved ing a school; at Bartle, services have into our jurisdiction, and they need been regularly maintained for Ameri- the care and attention of Our Ameri-:- can settlers; on the Isle of Pines we can Church. What are we doing for have seven mission stations with them? At Guantanamo we have serthree church buildings, one rectory, vices regularly maintained for the and two resident clergymen; in black Jamaicans; we have a beautiful Havana we have a cathedral school church building and a resident priest; for boys and a cathedral school for in Santiago we have services regugirls, which have been patronized larly maintained; at Ensenada de very extensively by the American Mora also we have a resident priest element. These schools were started and a beautiful church building; at originally for the American children. Banes, at Preston, at Felton, and in We conduct services for Americans Havana there are services which are also at Guantanamo City and Guan- regularly maintained for this large, tanamo Naval Station; at the mining black, English-speaking element. In camps of Firmeza and Felton; at Guantanamo we have also a school Paso Estancia, and the sugar estates which has been under the fostering care of our Church for some time.

EPISCOPAL CHURCH MISSION IN CUBA I97

Work for the Cubans from a different viewpoint is able to excite their interest and frequently The third element with which the can bring them back once more to Church has to deal is the native popu- their affiliation with the Christian relation of the island. This work ligion. comes as an offshoot from that indicated above. In conducting this work The second reason arises from the no attempt is made to proselyte the fact that there has been a lack of inpeople. One often hears the question terest and intensity of religious fervor asked, Why is it necessary to send on the part of the priests and the missionaries to a country like Cuba, people. This is but a natural conwhich has been nominally Christian dition that comes where circum- REV. EMILO PLANOS AND HIS SCHOOL AT MATANZAS, CUBA for four hundred years, and has been stances have been such as one finds under the care of an ancient Church? in Cuba. The priests have not been There are two answers to this ques- dependent upon the people for their tion, and the first is found in the fact living, and the people have not been that a large proportion of the popu- under the necessity of supporting lation of Cuba, for various reasons, their religion excepting in a direct have rendered themselves shepherd- payment for certain acts performed less. It is practically impossible for for them. Another Church coming the old Church with which they have in aids very much in creating a rebeen dealing in the past to revive ligious atmosphere, and with this their interest in spiritual and relig- comes a stronger loyalty on the part of ious things. Another Church com- those who have retained their connecing in and presenting Christianity tion with the old Church. The work,

therefore, of the Episcopal Chqrch parish house and one rectory. At among these people is to gather up as present we have twelve church build- far as possible those who may come ings and five parish houses and rec- to it through the renewal of their tories. The total property values interest in religious matters; and also have increased from $I2,000 to $181,- to create a better religious atmos- 000. The contribution to the sup- phere. The work that the Protestant port of the work, raised within the Episcopal Church has done among island itself, has amounted in the the native people has come as a three years since the General Con- direct effect of the work which was vention of 1910, to approximately undertaken for the immigrant people, $100,000. Nine years ago the work that is, the foreign element resident was not contributing for its own in the island. The native Cubans support more than $r,ooo a year.

have seen the form of service and the These are evidences of a growth character and nature of the Church's which indicate great possibilities, and polity, and having witnessed these also the great need for such work things they have themselves in many as the Protestant Episcopal Churcl] places called for our ministrations. can do. If there were not the need Tn response to these calls we have for this work there would not ~e developed a work which in a measure the amount of progress indicated covers the whole of the rsland of above.

Cuba. It is well to bear in mind the two Growth of the Work (listinctive kinds of work that are Following the line of development being done; that is, the work among of the work indicated above, in nine English-speaking people, whether years' time our work has grown from ,vhites or blacks, and the work a~ong six stations to fifty congregations. the native people, whether whites or The communicant list has increased blacks. In analyzing the progress from two hundred to more than among these various classes of peo- seventeen hundred; and the children ple, the fact stares one in the face in the Sunday-schools have increased that there is almost exactly the same from seventy-five to over thirteen number of communicants among the hundred. In the parochial schools English-speaking people as there is pupils have increased from seventy- among the Spanish-speaking people; five to more than eight hundred. and th~ number of the clergy is al- Eight years ago there were only two most equally divided. When one, clergymen resident in the Island of however, considers the growth as in- Cuba; both of these were natives, dicated by the baptisms and confirma- one a deacon and the other a priest; tions, one finds that the growth the former a black man, and the among the native people far exceeds latter a white man. This number has that among the foreign element. This increased until there are now twenty- statement is accounted for by the fact four Episcopal clergymen resident in that the vast majority of those who Cuba. immigrate to Cuba are of mature In material gains, nine years ago years and have, as a rule, been bap- we had two church buildings and one tized or confirmed before leaving their

EPISCOPAL CHURCH MISSION IN CUBA

homes. Should the ratio of progress contented with their condition and continue to equal that of the last with the circumstances which placed few years, the native Church will them in that condition. The lower soon preponderate very largely in class realizes that there has been numbers. At the same time, how- something wrong in the order of ever, we must realize that the na- things that such conditions should tive Church will for a long time exist, and thus with this class there need financial aid from the Church in is more or less of discontent and inthe United States. The native peo- quiry, and their minds are more open ple who are being reached belong and ready to receive new truths usually to what is ordinarily known which may be presented. So long EVENI NG SONG SERVICE IN THE PALMS, PASO ESTANCIO. MISSION, CUBA as the lower class of people. They as this condition prevails, and the are naturally the poorer class. One majority of those who make up the can readily understand why the new native Episcopal Church are of this movement should reach this element class of society, there will be the of society more readily and more need on the J)art of the Church in quickly than the other class. All the United States to support the movements in the nature of revolu- work fully and thoroughly. tions or reformations begin from the bottom. Never in history have It will be a generation or two bewe found that l·eformations and fore Cubans can be trained to give revolutions have begun from the top. that material aid which every Church Those who are on top naturally are needs and demands from its owr people in order that it may be strong.

A Twice-born aTurk"-Part

THE REMARKABLE REMINISCENCES OF A CONVERTED MOSLEM SHEIKH TRANSLATED BY ARTHUR T. UPSON, CAIRO, EGYPT Superintendent of the Nile Mission Press ,…,.-………-=::::::-IARRATOR: The next from my father to join that sect, as day the Sheikh met the head of it was exiled in Akka. as with his noble friend, was also his friend. Baha Allah the Bey, in the Ezbe- aI-Ball, both having been exiled there kieh Gardens. There because they claime,d to be possest of they seated themselves all the divine attributes. My father gave me permission to join that evil and discust Christian missionaries in sect, having a good opinion of its general and how much good is being head, whom he esteemed to be one done in the East through their work. of the Walis (saints), and whatever The Sheikh related how once in early they said about the evil doings of days in Beirut he had heard some this body, my father would always outdoor preaching and was attracted acquit the leader of it all. by the invitation to the weary and heavy-laden to turn to Christ. He When the Sheikh had taken from had made acquaintance with the me the oath of loyalty and taught me speaker, who gave him spiritual help. the secret name, and when I had . Continuing his personal narrative, made a plentiful use of the Dhikr by the Sheikh said: the process which he explained to me, When I returned to my native r fonnd that the frequent Dhikr made place I found my father very angry at what I had written to him. I a deep effect upon my heart as tho coniest all my sins and affected re- it were engraved therein and never pentance, and after I had kissed his left me now, a,s the Sheikh had hands he relented toward me. As a taught me to picture his form in my sign of his return of affection he heart at the moment of performing gave me the appointment of preach- the Dhikr, calling it by his name. I ing in the mosque and made me his also found the conversation of the assistant in the Religious Court. brethren, his followers. to be on the subject of the Sheikh's being the per- Among the Pantheistic Yashratiya Sect fect manifestation of God, who had appeared in all ages. At that time the Yashratis were scattered in Syria, taking the name 'When this belief took root in my of Sheikh Aly Nur ed-Din, the heart I fell into the pit of complete Tunisian, whon'l his followers called belief in Pantheism, or deification of "al-insan al-kamil," according to the the universe, holding that the esconventional usage of the Sufis. As sence of the Sheikh was the esa matter of fact, they secretly held sence of every atom of which the that he was the manifestation of Mo- earth was compounded, whether orhammed, and that his essence was the ganic or inorganic, heavenly or essence of God. I asked permission earthly.

The disciple soon becomes ill a conclition in which there is nothing for- and it would be in accordance with bidden and nothing enjoined, neither the perfection of His knowledge and idolatry nor belief, but he. holds that wisdom to make one law for all God is the doer of every action creation suitable for all time and since He is every object, and He places and all men. Doubtless He is the worshiper and the worshiped had one religion only, otherwise con- in every sect and denomination, and traries would meet, and idolatry He wills to be worshiped from every would be faith, and truth lying.

point of view; therefore all men, I recapitulated the thoughts which however much they differ in gen- came to me during the years in El- eral, and in doctrine, all of them Azhar and aroused them from their have the truth, since "there is no deep sleep, and something that I did deity (i.e., nothing existing in the not then know to be conscience be- universe) but Allah (i.e., all His at- gan to acCUse me. I then spent tributes, however much their names whole nights thinking to what de- may differ)." Muhyid Din has said: lusion I had come, and I became "Men have made their various doc- aware of a resistless motive-power trines of God, but I hold whatsoever trying to forcibly recover my soul they all hold." (The Sheikh adds, from its snares.

"God forbid.") After the Spirit of God had striven I found myself sinking into all with me for a long time, I gave in sorts of enormities, and I repented and surrendered myself to His of my previous religious repentance guidance. I was led of God to a and launched forth into imaginations village near my home, where I re- and conceits, for I held the doctrine ceived an invitation to dine with a that everything upon which my gaze friend, and found in his house the might fall, and everything which my Holy Scriptures. Then I remem- ear might hear, that was the Mahbub bered how much time I had spent in (the Beloved, who is the object of its perusal in EI-Azhar, also the in- our search). At that time I was ex- cident of the Mitr[m in Beirut, and ternally performing Islamic rites. as my host was a Turk who had but very little use for Arabic, I offered Awakening from Pantheism to buy the book from him, but he All religions and sects having now gave it to me gratis. I then learned become equal, I took up with any that the Spirit of God had only taken religion I came across, and in spite me to that place for that reason. I re- of all the scenes that I beheld while turned to my home and sat up by going the "way" of the Sufis, which night studying it. Then I promised I have not space to speak of, here, myself to finish what I had begun one day the truth appeared to me in El-Azhar, i. e~, collating the quota- again like a flash of light, and I had tions of the Koran and the Tradi- the feeling of having awakened from tions from the Holy Scriptures.

a spell of intoxication. I then thought that as truth is not plural, An Undesired Marriage no doubt God had one law only, of At that time my grandmother which the statutes are unchangeable, asked me to marry one of our ac;-

quaintances, but I made great oppo- but to give me more time to think sition, saying that I was unable to it over, my only reason being to get earn enough for my support and out of the yoke by which they were hers, nor did I possess any dowry trying to bind me down. My object for her, and I would not like my ,vas to gain time that I might find father to provide it. Then I had no some means of getting out of it in household furniture, and I was the future. I sat up all night wonobliged to imagine what might hap- dering how to get out of this new pen if my father should be angry difficulty without angering my grandwith me and should drive myself and parent and my father, but I found my wife from his house at any time. no way of escape. In short, I had no thought of ever marrying, as my only desire was to After the formal betrothal I spend all my days in philosophical learned from my father that his main search after truth. When my grand- object had been to effectually premother heard that speech she blamed vent me from leaving my native land me very much-and she had a very and my paternal religion, knowing sharp tongue. what thoughts I had on the subject.

Selim: Has your grandmother [The Sheikh here went on to give been long dead? a very fair synopsis of the contents of the Bible, more or less similar to Sheikh: No, she is still alive, hav- what can be found in a Bible handing been born in 1210 A.H. If you book.] saw her you would never imagine her to be more than 60 or 70 years old, A Christian Awakening for her hair is only partially white, altho the death of my father, who When I read the Bible for the was her only child, took away a great third time with care and reflection, deal of her strength and she began to God showed to me that many Old walk by means of a stick. That eve- Testament prophecies point to the ning I sat speaking with my father birth of Christ, His manhood and about the law-court affairs. He then His Godhead, also the place of His said, "My son, I propose to betroth birth, His parentage and His life, you to a young lady and to give you death, burial, resurrection and ascenenough money for everything that sion to heaven; sometimes clearly, at you need. May God forgive all you other times obscurely. I was led to said to your grandmother, but I ex- compare it with the New Testament. cuse you because you do not know When I did so all the prophecies bethe extent of a father's love to his came clear. Truth then took possesson." [He went on to argl1e on this sion of my heart. I understood the line. ] Messiah to be the one promised of God and prophesied of by the I then rose and kissed his feet and prophets, and I understood that He thanked him for his love and care, came to this world to die as a Savior and gave him back his keys and said for all who believe in Him. that I would never receive them as long as he was alive. I then begged When faith began to grow and him not to force marriage upon me, conscience was rested, I recommenced to investigate and to meditate, hoping to find a way out, but a stern spiritual

A TWICE-BORN TURK

conflict took place between Satan on finished, this gentleman came to me the one hand, and my faith on the and said, "His Excellency the other. Sometimes the one got the Nlutasarrif has sent me to bring you victory, sometimes the other. For to the Government Palace under ar-' some time I remained thus, seeing rest, for there are multitudes of the truth but not following it, retain- roughs who are intending to attack ing the externals of Islam for fear you and to kill you. The hooligans of blame until the fast of Ramadan are risen against you. We have been came, when I happened to be the searching for you in the churches preacher in the mosque. and in the houses of the Christians, but to our utter surprize we did not At that moment the rebuke of my find you there but in the Great conscience became more severe, so I Mosque, delivering an address to the resolved to leave the country. I went Moslems as tho God Most High to Tripoli, and spoke to one of my wished to give clear evidence to friends openly, consulting him as to everybody that what that man imbaptism and migration to some land puted to you (of conversion to Chriswhere I could worship God with- tianity) is nothing but a fabricated out fear. lie."

I was led by my friend to a Greek A Ramadan Tumult priest, but on consulting his Mitrftn he said that he could not baptize me "And what has he impnted to me? as he feared a tumult among the I do not even know who he is," I people. Therefore it were better to said. send me out of the country. As there was a Greek ship sailing in a "This man," he replied, "has an few days, we made our plans. Just old habit of searching for every poor, about that time was the Greek Easter, half-witted Christian, especially those and so I would go with the priest to who know nothing abont the essenthe church and listen to the addresses tials of Christianity, in order to bribe as tho I had embraced the Eastern them to write petitions to the Gov- Orthodox creed. ernment asking permission to em- brace the faith of Islam. Many poor One day a Sheikh invited me to idiots have done that, and he has the evening breakfast after the day's gained notoriety as a Moslem zealot. fast. As the mosque was our only rendezvous, some of the Sheikhs "Now, some stupid Christians have asked me to give them a discourse gone and informed him that in these and, as I could not refuse, I took a blessed days (i.e., the month of well-known tradition for my subject, Ramadan) you are in the habit of "Be like a stranger or pilgrim in the freqnenting the Mitran. Possibly world and account thyself as one they saw you go with him to the dead." church in order to witness their prayers and their religious rites. While I was explaining the mean- When the man heard this he cried at ing, one of the chief men of the the top of his voice, 'God is great, town, accompavied by four police- God is great. comc here to me, ye men, entered the mosque. After the Moslems, and hear the greatest of address was over and salutations atrocities, come and listen, religion

has been put to shame. The hands praying-place for the officials, feeling of apostates have played with it. no anxiety for what might. happen.

One of our Moslem Sheikhs has been Presently the sun set, and the loud • converted,' etc. roar of the cannon was heard (de- "He began to run through the noting the expiration of the fast).

streets with tears falling from his My friend kindly sent me food.

eyes, crying to the ignorant and About the third hour after sunset, miserable ones to get up a crowd. after all the Moslems had prayed Now you know perfectly well what their evening prayers, the Governor is the state of fasting men at the came, and there gathered in the re- end of the day. They ran together ception hall a number of Sheikhs and through the streets of the town, some discust what to do with me (as I of them equipped with weapons. afterward heard from the officer by They went to the Government House the door). Then they brought me Square asking for one of two things before them, and one of them said -either to deliver you to them that to me, "We are sorry to hear what they might kill you, or to shut you up Sheikh X. has done in causing this in prison awaiting judgment. Now tumult without any authentic proof.

let us go over a private road between :Tow this is a clear case; for either the gardens until we reach the Palace the charge was true at the time, then safely. These police will take care your presence in the mosque proves of you. May God preserve you." your repentance and return to Islam; I waited a moment to ask power or it was false, and in that case you from God, and courage. At that will get a very severe punishment.

moment my sadness was changed into But is it true what they say, that joy, my depression into gladness, and you were visiting the Mittan? If so, my weakness into strength, and I why do you visit him during these felt as tho I were going on a picnic. holy nights in which most men give All the way I was praising God for themselves to worship?"

the tranquillity that he had given to I answered that it was not allow- me. Finally, we reached the square, able to ask me questions which con- and I heard the multitude crying out cerned my own personal liberty, but for me to be killed. still I would give him a concise When they saw my calmness they answer.

got the more angry and became like Since I have devoted myself to madmen, because they were all fast- search and enquiry for the truth, ing. On my going up the steps the which is but one, and since you know informer curst me and my father that the Mitran is a very scholarly wickedly, and when I opened my man without any religious fanaticism, lips and told them that my father I went many times to get informa- was a well-known "Sharif," he cried tion from him.

out, "The apostate is blaspheming." An Interrupter: I am surprized at When the people swarmed round you; how could you leave the the door of the palace the police beat Islamic wisdom and all its learned them off with their sticks and put me Sheikhs and expect to get benefit in a room which was a temporary from a man who is a mere Nasrani

A TWICE-BORN

( Christian), and the only obj ect 0 f religion which caused such as myself whose knowledge is Polytheism? to go to the Mitrfm to search out Sheikh (turning to all): Gentlemen, with him the truth. (Turning to you will observe that the last remark all.) Now, gentlemen, you have of our friend is full of fanaticism. heard from one of the most learned This should not he. He also says of the Sheikhs of Tripoli the proof that knowledge is to be found with of what I say, that Moslems are the Moslems, altho that does not ignorant of the creed of the Chris- affect the case, and he also says that tians.

the wisdom of the Christians all goes Interrupter: But how can they be- to Polytheism, but as a matter of lieve in three in one? Please tell us.

fact all the sects of the Christians hold the Unity of God as revealed in Doctrine of the Holy Trinity the Holy Scriptures. [The Sheikh then goes on to ex- Now, as the Koran says, "To-day plain the Christian religion, giving there has been legalized to you the special prominence to the words of food of those who have been given Christ Himself and quoting from the Scriptures (i.e., of the Jews and the Mitran the ordinarily accepted Christians), and your food is allow- interpretation of the relation between able to them and virtuous believing Father, Son and Holy Spirit.] men and virtuous believing women of Interrupter: But the doctrine of those }'Vho were given the Scriptures Unity in Trinity and Trinity in Unity before you." Now he says, while can not be conceived and understood, forbidding the Moslems to marry the and therefore it must be rejected.

idolatrous women, "Marry not the Sheikh: True, the mind is unable idolatrous women until they believe." to imagine it, but if you are going to But the sacrifices of idolators are for- reject every doctrine that the mind bidden by the unanimous opinion of can not conceive, nor brain under- the Moslems. Now, if the Koran stand, then you must reject the doc- had reckoned Jews and Christians to trine of God Himself, for we Mos- be idolators, it would have forbidden lems hold that He is neither an ac- marriage with them, and the eating cident nor essence, nor has He time of their sacrifices. Now, after this or place, beginning or ending. There Koran quotation, shall we say that is none like unto Him, and His at- the Christians are idolators? Why, tributes are not our attributes, nor this is contrary to your book and also His acts our acts. "There is nothing the Sunna. like unto Him, but He is the Hearing Interrupter: If such is the case, and the Seeing One." In short, we why do the Christians hold the God- agree with the people of the Scrip- head of the Father, Son and Holy tures, both Jews and Christians, that Ghost? I f they are Trinitarians, how the attributes of God can not be un- can they be Unitarians?* derstood by the intellect, being be- Sheikh: It is our Moslem igno- yond the reach of our thoughts. Now rance of the facts of the Christian it is clear that the matter we are considering (namely, a Unity of Es- • LiteraJly: "If they be triplicators. how can sence with a Trinity of Persons) is they be unifiers ?'"

of this character, lmt if we rej ect prchensiole. As evidence of the exthe one on account of this difficulty, istence of the Holy Trinity the then we must reject the other S1l1l1- Christians tind allusions and referlarly. .May God preserve us from ences ill the Old Testament, for that. Christ Himself said to His disciples, "Go ye therefore, and make dis- Two thoughts have occurred to me ciples of all nations, baptizing them which will make our way a little i)' the name of the Father, Son and simpler: Holy Ghost."

I. We hold the attributes of God Interrupter: But do you believe in to be eternal. One of them is that tbe authenticity of both the Old and of speech. A speaker requires two : ew Testaments? conditions-the presence of the one addrest, and the existence of the one Sheikh: Of course; why not, since spoken of, for our pronouns are all oath intellectual and objective proofs in three persons, as you learn in prove their authenticity and soundgrammar-the first person, the sec- ness and the absence of any corrupond person and the third person. tion, the Koran itself witnessing to Now, if we say that God, before the tbis in many passages? act of creation, spoke,' we must either hold that He spoke of Himself to Interrupter: Nhat, then, do you Himself-and only idiots do that; think of the many contradictions that therefore it is not fitting for God there are between the Koran and the Most High to do so-or we must say Bible? that there were existing the other two persons, the second person the Sheikh: Since the Koran came one addrest, and the third person the last, and as it says, was sent to conone spoken of. Here we have the firm that which had been sent pretrinity of persons. viously, if in any place it contradicts, which would be the contradictor, the 2. Your Excellency will observe first or second book? that relative plurality is not necessarily opposed to unity of essence, Interrupter: Enough r I see you for even the Sufis and some pro- are an apostate from the faith of fessors of Islamic theology have ad- Islam. May God protect us (from mitted this, and in illustration thereof such as you). they have quoted the presence of the fingers in the hand or branches in The Sheikh then continues his narthe tree, deducing from that the rative, saying: plurality of attributes along with unity of essence. I, myself, do not, After he had abused and curst me, however, say that this is a clear proof the Mutasarrif ordered me to be of the trinity of persons with unity taken back to the room in which I of essence, but it may be used as a had been imprisoned, and put two helpful illustration. The Christians soldiers to watch me. hold that the Unity and Trinity are matters indissolubly connected' with The friend visited me in my im- God's essence, and therefore incom- prisonment that night and told me that the Mutasarrif had informed the authorities at Constantinqple by cipher telegram, and I must remain until further news should COIne to him.

A TWICE-BORN TURK

Sentence of Nullity of Marriage whatever it may cost. I believe that God sent you here to me specially on After half a day news came that account of this very book of which the then Sultan, Abdul-Hamid, had the Sheikhs of Dumyat burned one decreed that I should be sent back to copy and my father another." Next my native town and there exiled, not day the doctor brought the book in being allowed to leave the place with- his pocket according to my request out permissIOn. When I got home and offered it as a gift. My joy re- I found it had been spread about acted favorably upon me, and I got that I would have become a Chris- stronger without the use of medicine. tian had not the Government prevented me. The town-crier was sent Re-married to His Wife round all the streets, and informed the owners of vessels that no one was I was, however, imprisoned in the to allow me to escape from the place. house for many months, until some neighbors intervened on my behalf. Naturally, my father was very up- My father made out a new marriage set. He had burned my Bible and certificate after ordering me to recite all the books and papers containing the two creeds and a confession of the quotations from the Koran and belief in the doctrines of Islam. My traditions. He then shut me in the creed, however, was simply the Unity house, keeping my wife from me for of God from my heart. As for the a long period in accordance with the words following that, it was the law of Islam, which says that mar- sheerest hypocrisy, for the truth had riage is declared null and void if gone deep down in my heart and it one of the parties leaves Islam. could not be uprooted. My conscience Many would have persuaded him to was continually reproving me for this have me put to death in accordance hypocrisy, and every time I said a with the tradition, "Whosoever word against the law of God I felt changeth his religion, kill him"; but reproved as tho there were an obpraise be to God, he had a certain server keeping watch over every sin amount of compassion upon me and that I committed. This observer was would not listen to the suggestion. no other than the Spirit of God who Being shut in the house and having was with me during all these dark no physical exercise, I became very days. weak, being hardly able to walk about the house. God, however, pro- God Almighty then changed the tected me, as He always will. hearts of all the people toward me. They had by this time forgotten my After a time my father caused a apostasy, for a year had now gone doctor to be brought to see me. For- by, and they began once more to beg tunately, he was an evangelical one, my father to put me back in myoId so I got him alone privately and said position of Imam of the mosque in to him, "The only remedy for my succession to him, and so it came to disease is for you to bring me a pass. small-sized Bible, but do not let my father see it. I am prepared to pay (T 0 be continued.)

Kikuyu

Conference * I. HOW IT AROSE AND WHAT IT nearly every year for some time, but DID the greatness of the distance makes it difficult for many to attend, and BY REV. W. CHADWICK, B.A. there had never been a gathering so thoroughly representative before. 6O N June 17th last some One man traveled for ten days in sixty missionaries of order to be with us, and all the main all denominations met societies in British East Africa were at Kikuyu, near Nai- represented except the Romanists. robi, in British East The first object in holding these gatherings has always been mutual Africa. Kikuyu is the edification and social intercourse; but since 1908 the subject of federaheadquarters of the Church of tion has taken a prominent place. . . .

Scotland Mission, and perhaps its We came to our chief task fully conscious of its gravity and seriousfounders chose the site because its ness, and after full consideration of its difficulties; but also conscious that hills and climate were so like every year's delay would make federation more difficult, and that those of their own home. There perhaps it was easier for us than it has ever been anywhere else in the are few mIssIons so well and world. For, as yet, there are no vested interests at stake. There is thoroughly equipped. A fine new hos- plenty of room for treble the num- ber of men to work and still keep pital was just being finished, built wide enough apart to avoid friction. … The common enemy is so strong and furnished almost entirely by the and so vividly near to us that we h()ne~ly want each other's help. pupils of their own industrial mis- We could not regret, as sometimes at home, the advent of another worker. sion. This building completes the ·Above all, we really desire to unite our forces, and we honestly respect scheme of an almost perfect mission each other.

station, and we all had an object What, then, was this task? It certainly was 110t the immediate union lesson in the way to lay one out; the either of missionary societies or of dwelling-houses convenient, yet not too close; the schools and workshops compact, but with ample room for the enlargements which will be needed if their work continues to prosper as it does at present. The solid stone of their schools and houses was quite refreshing to many of us, who are more accustomed to sun-dried brick or even wattle and daub. We hope that their permanence may be but an emblem of the charac- ter of the other work whose founda- tions we laid there. . ..

Similar conferences have been held * From the Church Missionary Review (January, 1914). See Signs of The Times.

KIKUYU MISSIONARY CONFERENCE

native churches in British East 1110n membership, was thus described: Africa. Greatly as most of us would Members of one district should be have wished for it,' such a union allowed all the privileges of member- would indeed have laid us open to ship as' visitors in another district, the criticism of haste and pre- except the right to vote in the elec- cipitancy. For us of the Church tion of councils, etc. Now some mis- Missionary Society, for example, to sions have been in the past much more Jom ourselves unreservedly with strict than others in their treatment Congregationalists and Methodists of baptism candidates; the term of would simply have been to cut our- probation in some being longer than selves off from our own society and in others. All have now agreed to our own Church. . . . Our task was a two-years' probation, and their disto arrange some basis of federation cipline and education must in future which would allow us to work in be of much the same standard. Thus, the immediate future with as little much of the difficulty in accepting friction and waste as possible, and members of other bodies has been which would also emphasize our obviated. points of agreement in the eyes of the natives as far as possible. The third, administration of the sacraments by outward signs, proved That our common ground. is wide, a stumbling-block to the Friends, and that we did not in any light- who, however, promised to follow hearted way give up the heritage of the lead of the federation in all matthe Church, may be seen from the ters of discipline and education. basis of federation, which was de- They were most hearty and generous clared to be; in their approval of all else that was done, and most helpful in the dis- (a) The loyal acceptance of the Holy cussion of some of the arrangements, Scriptures as our supreme rule of faith so that we were all genuinely grieved and practise; of the Apostles' and Nicene that they could not formally join us. Creeds as a general expression of funda- For "regularity" of the administramental Christian belief; and in particular tion of the sacraments, it was laid of our belief in the absolute authority of down "that the administration of Holy Scripture as the Word of God, in sacraments shall normally be by the Deity of Jesus Christ, and in the recognized ministers of the church atoning death of our LOl:d as the ground occupying the district; … that in all of our forgiveness. baptisms the form, 'I baptize thee in the name of the Father, and of the (b) Recognition of common member- Son, and of the Holy Ghost,' shall ship between the churches in the federa- be used." … tion. Within each district the native (c) Regular administration of the two Church is to be organized under sacraments, baptism and the Lord's Sup- parochial and district councils; the per, by outward signs. former is to "consist of the minister or teacher in charge and lay repre.- Cd) A common form of Church organi- sentatives chosen from the local zation. church," and its main duties are "to The first of these requires no comment; it was unanimously agreed to,' even by those who eventually remained outside the federation.

The second, recognition of com-

assist the minister generally, and things may seem small to us now, especially in the examination of ap- but to the African mind it is a real plicants for admission to the cate- difficulty to find a difference of usage chumenate and baptism; in the re- in such things, and it is a subject for vision of the communion roll; and congratulation that the difference in dealing with cases of discipline." should cease. It was agreed that the training for the native ministry The district council is to consist should last for eight years at least. of all the ministers and the mission- The federation will' encourage a aries in charge of parishes, and a common attitude toward marriage number of representatives from the and all native customs, These are local churches, proportionate to the the main points decided on. Another number of their full members. These advantage of a totally different kind parochial and district councils would will be the improvement of our posifor the present naturally represent tion in the eyes of officials, colonists, different denominations; but, thirdly, and educated non-Christians. the district councils are to send representatives to a central council, While there was. not a single unwhich is to meet annually.• Subject kind word used throughout the conto the approval of the home com- ference, everyone spoke his mind mittees, we decided that this repre- frankly and freely, as Christian men sentative council should be not only should. On the last day of our meetadvisory and consultative, but "execu- ing the Bishop of Mombasa ullveiled tive except in matters pertaining to two beautiful windows in the church the policy of the different societies to the memory of Dr. H. E. Scott, or churches." The authority of our who has done as much for Chrisbishops over all members of our tianity as anyone in East Africa. Church was properly safeguarded. -The ·Iast years of his life had been e~pecially devoted to the cause of All agreed to use the following union. His, and our own Bishop order of public worship "with suffi- (then Archdeacon) Willis, and Mr. cient frequency to enable the mem- Hurlburt's names are perhaps the bers of all the churches to become 1110st widely known of those who familiar with a common order": drew up the original memorandum. Hymn or psalm; invitation to worship; prayer (confession-forgive- II. THE PROPOSED SCHEME OF ness-Lard's Prayer); Ten Com- FEDERATION mandments; hymn or Te Deum; reading from Scripture; Apostles' BY BISHOP J. J. WILLIS, OF UGANDA Creed; prayer (for Church, for State, for country, for all sorts "'i'nd It is the purpose of this present conditions of men); general thanks- paper to make clear, so far as it is giving; hymn; sermon; hymn; bene- possible to make clear, what was diction. The need for arrangement then proposed, and how far the prowas exemplified by the fact that there posals affect ourselves as members was considerable discussion before of the Anglican Communion…. all agreed to kneel at prayer and to stand for singing praise. These To appreciate the object of the conference it is essential to under- stand, at least in broad outline, the

KIKUYU MISSIONARY CONFERENCE 2II

present situation in British East Africa. Therefore, in any discussion Africa. In looking at that situation of missionary policy, it is natural from the religious point of view, that the Church of England should there are four main factors to be exercise a large influence. . . . considered – Paganism, Mohammedanism, Christianity, and civilization. In any discussion of the proposed Each of these has an important bear- scheme of missionary federation in ing on the problem of evangelization. 13ritish East Africa there are certain considerations which should in all East Africa is still emphatically a fairness be borne in mind. The conpagan country; alil.d the paganism of ditions prevailing in an African pro- Africa may,. perhaps, be best de- tectorate are, in almost every respect, scribed by the one word, malleable. entirely different from those familiar It possesses no literature and has no at home, and it is obviously difficult fixt creed, its adherents are primitive for anyone familiar only with one tribes without cohesion and without set of conditions, to decide what influence; as a religion it is inverte- should be done in another. brate and weak, and its followers forsake it for the first strong leader The movement toward federation, that crosses their path. that found its formal expression in the conference, was not the result of Mohammedanism is, on the con- a sudden enthusiasm. From 1907 trary, a strong religion, with a very onward, through a series of public definite, dear-cut creed, whose ad- conferences and more private deliberherents have the great merit of ations, the position has been carekhowing their own mind. Islam was fully and often anxiously reviewed, the first faith from without to come and the movement toward a clearer in contact with East African understanding with one another has Animism, and it has secured, and to slowly gathered force. . . . this day maintains obstinately, a strong position on the East AfrIcan The aim of the conference was not. coast, and especially in the coast an impracticable attempt to amalgatowns. But inland its influence has mate existing churches or missionary been comparatively inappreciable…. societies. It had in view an ultimate union of native Christians into one Of the various missionary bodies, native Church, and with this end in outside the Roman Church, the view the conference sought to find Church of England has, at the pres- means, not for removing existing ent time, by far the strongest posi- differences, nor for ,watering down tion. It was the first in the field. the distinctive characteristics of the It alone occupies all the townships, different bodies, but for averting disand the influence of these among a sensions between native Christians, native popUlation is incalculable. It barely visible as yet on the horialone has produced a native minis- zon . . . . try; and it is linked, on its western borJer, to the self-governing Church There has been a very remarkable of Uganda, which, in point of num- desire for unity, which is in itself bers and organization, is as yet far in the first condition of union. The advance of any Church in East proposed measures have not, indeed, secured universal consent among the

missions now occupying the country. agreement by which unnecessary The Friends' Mission, while heartily overlapping might be avoided, and at one as to the ideal, has been the whole field occupied against a unable to subscribe to the conditions, common foe. . . .

notably in the question of the sac- The division into recognized mis- raments. A few of the smaller mis- sionary districts is in full accord sions remain outside the proposed with the wishes of the Government federation, but with these exceptions from the political point of view. On it was the unanimous judgment of more than one occasion, with a view those present at the conference that to preventing any possible friction the detailed suggestions formulated between the missions, the Govern- in th~ memorandum should prove ment in British East Africa has practicable, and would go far toward approached the missionaries with reducing the danger of planting, in definite suggestions of territorial African soil, fresh seeds of disunion divisions; such an agreement has which we all deplore among our- been actually arrived at and is to-day selves. in force; and they have gone fur- It is proposed, in the first place, ther in passing a regulation by which to recognize a comity of missions, no mission may build a European to divide British East Africa into station within ten miles of an exist- distinct missionary districts, and to ing station of another mission. While leave each Church ft'ee to develop its recognizing that they can not them- work within its own defined area. selves dictate in such a matter, they It is manifestly impossible for the are very keenly alive to the ad- Anglican Church, as at present repre- vantage of a comity of missions.

sented, to occupy the entire field. Starting, then, with the decision to British East Africa covers an area recognize and mutually to respect of some 182,000 square miles, about missionary spheres of influence, it half as large again as the United must at once be asked, what is to be Kingdom. It contains a native popu- the general attitude adopted toward lation roughly estimated at 4,000,- members of one Church temporarily 000, mainly pagan to-day, but likely resident in the district of another?

to become in the near future either In the present day the question is Christian or Mohammedan.' Apart acute, inasmuch as the railway has, from three chaplains to Europeans, as we have seen, within the past few the number of ordained clergy of years, revolutionized the conditions the Church of England at present of native life in British East Afnca.

working in the Protectorate is The majority of the natives still re- twenty-three European and three main, indeed, with their own re- native. Far stronger, numerically, serves, but an influential and ever- are the representatives of the differ- growing minority lives in a state of ent denominations; where we can constant flux, continually passmg up not enter, they are prepared to work; and down the line in search 0 E where neither go, Islam has a clear work. .

field. Under the circumstances com- The recognition of baptism by mon-sense would suggest a working another body involves a clear under-

KIKUYU MISSIONARY CONFERENCE 21

standing with that body as to the question of Church government, and conditions under which that sacra- for the present leaving each Church ment shall be administered. Where free to govern itself on its own the conditions of admission are lax, lines, would yet pave the way for or the method of administration is ultimate union among the Church~s.

careless, it is difficult to maintain The suggested organization is satisfactory relations. It is there- modeled on that already in working fore proposed that the conditions of order in the diocese of Uganda. In admission to, and the period of pro- main outline it consists of the for- bation in the catechumenate, shall mation of "parishes," or small sub- be the same in all the missions; that districts, the parish being the unit the course of preparation shall be of Church organization, and hdl'ing similar, in its broad outlines; that, its own parochial Church council; wherever the manner of administra- the grouping of these parishes into tion may fairly be regarded as an districts, each with its own district open question, as in the alternative Church council. . . . of affusion or immersion, the use . The celebration of the Holy Comshould be left with the particular "-munion at the close of the confer- Church, but that in all cases the ence stands apart from any general form, "I baptize thee in the name of scheme of federation. That it was the Father, and of the Son, and of celebrated in a church belonging to the Holy Ghost," shall be used. the Established Church of Scotland Baptism is as a fact being adminis- was due in a sense to the accident of tered by the different missionary place, no Church of England buildbodies working to-day in East ing being available. The service Africa. To heathen and Mohamme- itself followed throughout the order dan onlookers it has always a quite in the Book of Common Prayer; definite meaning-the formal admis- the generosity was on the part of sion to the Christian Church. The the Scotch Mission in lending their tendency of the above provision church for an English service. The would clearly be to secure for the admission of Nonconformists was sacrament of baptism that recognized certainly not without ample preceand paramount position which it al- dent. It was an exceptional ocready holds in our own Church. . . . casion, an occasion which no one As we would aim at a common present is ever likely to forget. To form of service, the earnest of a repel at such a moment from a comunited worship hereafter, so we mon participation might be justified would seek to secure "a common by rule, and dictated by a stern sense 10rm of Church organization," the of duty; but it would have been to beginnings of a future Church polity. nullify the whole spirit of the con- Not "a common form of Church ference. We can not but feel that, government"-that is for the pres- in the circumstances, the Master ent out of the question-bu.t an Himself would have justified the organization which, while leaving action, as His presence beyond all over for future consideration the question hallowed the scene.

OF BEST

CONDUCTED BY BELLE M. BRAIN, SCHENECTADY, NEW YORK INDIVIDUAL WORK FOR THE IMMIGRANTS I iI)N thousands of churches ing and the Sunday-school and ~ last fall and this win- asked the pastor for a Bible. Then ter, classes have been he asked to have some passages studying immigration marked that he might read them to in accordance with the his wife at home. Not long after he ~ plans outlined by the came asking to have more passages Home Mission Campaign. As a re- marked. It was evident his interest sult an immense amount of interest was steadily growing, and the pastor has been aroused and everywhere was delighted and hoped that he members of the classes are asking, would soon find Christ. But the "What can we do?" parishioners were not so well pleased. Some were glad, but many of the The question is easy to answer for more conservative ones, including a those who are really seeking to member of the Missionary Society serve. In America these people are who gives $roo a year to foreign misat our doors, and each one has a sions, viewed the situation with dissoul. In the stores, the factories, the may. "What shall we do?" one lady schools, yea and in our homes (four asked the pastor's wife. "It would out of five of our domestic servants never do to have this man join our are foreigners), they touch elbows church, and I'm afraid he will want with us, ministering to our needs and to!" Unfortunately this is not an affording us abundant opportunity isolated case. There are many to help them. Many churches and others on record like it. organizations are doing fine work among them, but after all it is The presence of these foreigners the individual work that counts for in our midst is testing the sincerity most. "The personal touch is the of our foreign missionary purpose. one great solvent of the problem," "We must be sure," Doctor Edward says Peter Roberts. "Will the Judson, son of America's greatest American give it?" foreign missionary, said in a recent sermon on Foreign Missions, "that The American must give it if he our missionary spirit is genuine and would save his country and be true not a mere fad. The sure test is to his God. But alas, too many will whether we are interested in everynot, as is proved by an incident re- thing lying between the heathen and lated at Silver Bay last summer. An oUrselves. We find ourselves greatly Italian overseer on the barge canal interested in the foreigners when became interested in the Preslyterian they reside in their own lands, so church in the little city where he much so, in fact, that we send our was at work. He attended the preachbest men to them as missionaries and strangers in a strange land who have pay their traveling expenses; but never received a kind word from when the Lord puts it into the hearts any American. of these same foreigners to come to our shores, paying their own travel- Is it not time that more of us ing expenses, instead of rejoicing Church people ceased debating the over their advent, we ate sometimes immigration question and got busy? inclined to turn away from them in I shall never forget one conversadespair. They do not look so pic- tion with a Bulgarian storekeeper, turesque near by. This is only the whom some would have called an semblance of the true missionary ordinary "dago," "hunkie" or "bospirit-a counterfeit, not the real hunk." He spoke twelve languages coin." fluently, and said, "The reason I don't go where I can make more WHAT CAN WE DO FOR THE money is because all these people down here need me. A good deal of IMMIGRANT? my time is spent protecting them from American grafters and others." BY FRED H. RINDGE, JR., NEW YORK, vVhen asked what he would do if some Turks moved into the com- N. Y. munity he replied, "I would let them Secretary . Industrial Service Movement, Inter- live in my house. One nationality is as good as another. The trouble national Committee of Young Men's with a lot of you Americans is that Christian Associations you keep us in a colony, by our- selves, and call us a problem, instead A friend of mine decided to help of mixing up with us and trying to the immigrants in his city, and wisely help us become good American citibegan by talking kindly to the Greek zens." And he was right. boys who shined his shoes and to the Italians who sold him fruit and Anyone who has endeavored to peanub. He made it a point to help foreigners knows how frelearn "good morning" and a few quently he is amazed at what lies other simple phrases in their lan- behind a rough exterior. These are guage. These became magical words. some I have met: An Austrian who One morning my friend saw ap- spoke eight languages, had attended proaching him a forelorn-looking the University of Vienna, but was Italian laborer on his way to work. smashing stone in a granite quarry The man carried a dinner-pail and for $1.50 per day. A Syrian who came shuffling along, with down- could converse in six languages, had cast head. With a broad smile and been a superintendent of schools in cheerily my friend greeted the his homeland, but was sweeping out stranger in Italian with, "Good a city market for a dollar a day. morning, John!" "John" was so The door of opportunity was not surprized that he dropt his dinner- open to these men because they did pail, and tears came to his eyes. not know our language. A Polish Then he passed on, silently. Next iron miner, toiling for $1.50 per morning my friend again met John day, and sending his son to college, and greeted him. John stood still and in broken English exclaimed, "You're like Jesus Christ!" My friend went to his office with a full heart, as he thought of thousands of

the son being valedictorian of his p:utner overheard the conversation, class. Last week an Italian helped said he had a following of his own organize an English class, and I and that he would be glad to get his later discovered that he was the man men to join classes.

who carved the beautiful statues in One excellent way to organize front of the Union Station at Wash- classes is to make the approach ington, D. C. Indeed, foreigners il through the shop where the people congested tenements and dirty bunk- work. Tell the agent or superin- houses have trod the aisles of cathe- tendent your plan. Ask his permis- drals hoary with centuries of wor- sion to interview some of the fore- ship. Let us respect these people men. Then ask them to let you talk for the rich heritage of the past and with one or more of the leaders the good there is in them. among the men. These leaders will Then let us help them. An im- speak English. Interest them, ask perative need is instruction in Eng- them to suggest a meeting-place and lish. The best way to organize get the men together. (We have classes is to go to the foreign sec- organized eight classes this way in tion in your city, inquire as to the the past two weeks.) Start that leaders, and see them. They can same night. The longer you wait always speak English. Convince the more suspicious people become.

them of the reality of what you want The best way to remove suspicion to do and ask them to get some peo- is to get busy. If you teach them ple together. Get the leaders and something worth while, and play fair you will get the others. Hold your with them, they will soon forget classes in natural meeting-places. their suspicions.

Boarding-houses, homes, stores, set- In starting classes always plan for tlement houses, foreign clubs are at least one elementary and one ad- best. Don't forget foreign people vanced group. It is better to have in the jails. One man said, "Thank men and women separate. Have God for putting me in prison, for men teach men. You can make the there I learn English." Officers of acquaintance of women in the shops, foreign societies are generally glar! and arr-ange for classes in their to have classes in their club rooms. homes. Sewing, cooking, care of Let them select the place and you children, hygiene, etc., can also be provide the leaders. . taught. Successful classes for both Foreign editors are glad to give men and women are frequently held notices of classes in their papers. at the noon hour in a corner of the Handbills in their language placed in factory.

foreign grocery stores,' barber shops, During the past year nearly 25,000 saloons, banks, boarding-houses, etc., aliens were in English classes. The will help. Postmen and policemen special method of teaching devised by can give valuable information. In Dr. Peter Roberts was used in these securing cooperation of foreign classes. This method is of particular leaders watch out for the various value as it does not require the factions. A few days ago a Greek teacher to know any language other storekeeper refused to aid us. His than English.

OF BEST METHODS 21

Hygiene, first aid to the injured, problem of assimilation, and who will citizenship, etc., are also taught, an covet an interesting experience which interpreter being used, when neces- can be secured in no other way.

sary. Reliable foreign physicians The Young Men's Christian Asso- can also be used to advantage. Have ciation has 3,500 college students religious meetings wherever prac- who are rendering forty different ticable. The Young Men's Chris- kinds of service for industrial men tian Associations run all kinds of and boys each week. These are busy noon-hour meetings, but find a men, of sympathy, knowledge and greater demand for straight re- action. This shows that volunteers ·ligious and character-building talks can be enlisted, for not one of these than for any other kind. In aU this men receives a cent of compensation.

work a good way to teach truth is They are, however, receiving a com- to incarnate it. The life and per- pensation far more valuable, and in sonal influence of the leader will many cases the lives of the teachers count more than his words. have been transformed by practising Pamphlets in different languages are Christ's great principle of service.'

available on such subjects as health, The Christian Church is awake tuberculosis, care of the children, to these problems as never before.

alcoholism, sex-hygiene, citizenship, Every denomination has its Social etc. Used to supplement talks on Service Commissions. What we these subjects, they are of great need is more individual responsi- value. bility. What are you and I going Let us not forget the foreign chil- to do about it? The great task to- dren. Standing as they do between day is to get the working people edu- the civilization of the old world, rep- cated and to get the educated people resented by their parents, and that to 'work. Shall we not do our part of the new world, so often misrepre- to substitute the uplift for the down- . sented by the shop and street, they pull in the lives of these brothers and present a real problem. It is said sisters from across the seas? * that the criminality of these chil- dren is three times as great as their DISTRIBUTING BIBLES AMONG parents. Organize them into clubs, cultivate anew in them a respect for THE FOREIGNERS their parents and the heroes and ideals of the land of their ancestors, The greatest danger in the presentand at' the same time show them the day immigration lies in the rapidly best in America. increasing number of those who come to us without the Book. In 19IO Where shall we secure leaders for the percentage of those who came all these activities? Surely there from lands where the Bible lS unare young men and women in our known and unread was 61; during Bible classes, church brotherhoods, the year ending June, I913, it had societies, Y. M. C. A., Y. W. C. A., jumped to 84! and our colleges who can be made to There is real danger in this. It see this great service opportunity, • Information regarding the Y. M. C. A. work for immigrants may be secured from any Y. M. C. who will want to help solve the A. State Committee or from the Industrial De· partment, 124 East 28th Street, New York City.

is the Bible that has made the dif- long ago, which has already borne ference between us and our unhappy good fruit and gives promise of neighbor on the south. Both had more. Two years ago last October, the same natural advantages, the in connection with the annual meetsame resources for the development ing of the Schenectady County Bible of a great and powerful nation. But Society, the· ladies of the different in Anglo-America the early settlers churches united in giving a supper, came with the Bible in their hands the proceeds of which were to go to and built the republic on its prin- the purchase of Testaments and GoscJples and precepts. In Latin-Amer- pels for distribution among the forica the early conquerors (note the eigners. A considerable sum was term) brought a sword in one hand realized and the work began. and a rosary in the other, and laid their foundations in bloodshed and The following Christmas an appeal superstition. What· Latin-America was made to the Sunday-schools to has become without the Book, Anglo- jotn in the work. Each scholar " America may degenerate into. asked to make a Christmas offering sufficient to purchase at least a two- The best thing we can do for the cent copy of a Gospel and, if possiimmigrants, both for their sakes and ble, give it to a foreigner himself. our own, is to give them the Bible. Many schools responded to the call They are intensely religious, the ex- and a large number of persons were perts tell us, and the Bible appeals enlisted in the work-women with to them. When they make its ac- foreign maids in their kitchens, men quaintance they are eager to read it with foreign clerks and other emand share it with others. Not long ployes in their offices or stores, workago a track-foreman on the New men in the shops, children in the York Central Railroad was found schools. One small boy persuaded at the noon hour reading the Bible his father, who was a policeman in a to the men of his gang. Inquiry dis- foreign district, to place a number, closed the fact that this was his reg- and many copies found their way to ular practise. He had recently joined ashmen, fruit-venders, peddlers, mesa Protestant Italian mission, and senger boys and other chance callers every day when a nearby whistle at the home or store. Many of the sounded twelve o'clock and his men foreigners offered to pay for the gathered on the bank with their books, but were told that they were lunch baskets, he took out his Tes- a Christmas gift. No copies, howtament and read a portion of it to ever, were given to those who could them. At first they were indifferent not read. and some objected a little, but by and by they became intensely interested One young ladies' class raised and eager to listen. enough money to purchase fifty Tes- taments with the text in English and Inspired by the efforts of Korean Italian in parallel columns, and with Christians to distribute a million the help of friends gave all of them copies of the Gospel by Mark within away. Defore they were sent out a single year, a movement was in- the following inscription was written augurated in Schenectady, N. Y., not in Italian on the fly-leaf of each:

OF BEST METHODS 2I9

Vi piaccia avere con voi questa "Where were yop that night?" the judge asked. Bibbia e leggere una parte di essa "Homa, reading the Gooda Booka," ogni giorno. e una lampada al was the amazing reply. Some of his "La tua parola friends bore him out in this and th~ Judge let him go. mio pie, e un lume al mio sentiero."- Bibles, Testaments and Gospels in Salmo 119:105. many languages can be obtained at small (ost,* and the work of dis- (Please carry this Bible with you tribution be taken up either by in- dividuals or organizations at any and read a portion each day. time. If the Sunday-schools should take it up, as in Schenectady, Easter "Thy word is a lamp unto my feet, Sunday would be a most appropriate time and the six weeks that interand a light unto my path."-Psalm vene (Easter falls on April I2th) would be more than sufficient for 1!9:105.) the necessary notices and prepara- tions. Tpese English-Italian Testaments met with great favor. One man who AN IMMIGRANT SLOGAN received a copy read it to his wife in the evenings and she became so Many a delegate to the Home Mismuch interested in the "Gooda sionary Conference of ,Vomen's So- Booka" (as they all call it) that he cieties at Northfield last summer saw could scarcely get her to bed. She a new vision of her duty to her imalways longed to hear more. Another migrant neighbors from the followwanted to buy a copy to send to his ing little paraphrase of an old Engwife in Italy. "She doesn't know lish nursery rhyme suggested by anything about the 'Gooda Booka' Miss Emerson, secretary of the Conthere," he said. Still another wanted gregational Home Missionary Soto buy a copy to send to a cOllsin in ciety: Italy. Good morning, neighbor, how do you do? Perhaps the most interesting case I am very well, how are you? was that of a man known as Tony, How is your neighbor from over the who spent his evenings at home poring over the copy given him. sea? One night his sister-in-law heard I don't know, but I'll go see. him reading it to his family and asked if she might borrow it. At ENGLISH THROUGH BIBLICAL first he thought he could not let it MATERIAL go but finally said she could have it in the daytime if she would bring What the immigrant wants most it back at night. He must have it when he lands in the new country is immediately after supper. the English language; what he needs most is the Bible. If the two could On one occasion Tony's habit of be combined and what he wants most reading his Bible at home saved him be given to him in connection with from what might have been serious what he needs most, a double service trouble. His brother was under arrest as one of the principals in a * See the leaflet. "The Bible and the New cutting affray that had taken place Americans," published by the Americari Bible Soone night in a saloon in one 0 f the Italian districts, and it was thought cietyJ Bible House, Astor Place, New York. Tony himself had had something to do with it. ITe was brought into court as a witness, but insisted tl1<lt he knew nothing about ;t.

could be rendered and great results with non-English-speaking pupils as be accomplished with a minimum of effort. Through the "English for it was made. Immigrants" Committee of the Coun- The lessons were first used in cil of Women for Home Missions, this is being done. classes of young women. When a little bride shyly brought her new This work, as undertaken by the husband to the class and the regula- Council of Women, is a direct out- tions required his exclusion (our growth of the Fireside League or- funds could only be used for young ganized early in 1912 by Mrs. women), the bride's decisive declara~ Lemuel Call Barnes of Yonkers, New tion, "If not he, then not me. He York, which had for its twofold aim need more than me," stimulated some (I) the teaching of English to for- thinking about the family as the unit eigners; (2) the teaching of English through Biblical material. It was of society. for this that Mrs. Barnes originally Later, when in another connection, prepared her little book, "Early Stories and Songs for New Stu- the lessons were being used in classes dents in English," consisting of a of workingmen who had begged for series of forty-one lessons, by means "lessons same like girls," their menof which English is taught through tion of wives who would gladly learn stories from the Old and New Tes- English, btlt having "little children taments and songs from the Psalms. home, can not come," caused some The method has been pronounced pedagogicaIIy correct and is heartily more thinking along the same line. indorsed by Doctor Steiner. It is When public school teachers, so simple and the directions so explicit that anyone can use it, even watching the quiet work with the one who has had no experience in classes, came to tell us of conditions teaching. in the homes of many of their pupils and to ask for our help, more think- In response to OUr request, Mrs. ing was stimulated. One teacher Barnes gives the following interest- said, "A bright boy in my school is ing account of how she came to start going wrong. If his parents could the work and to prepare the "Early work with me, we might save him. Stories and Songs": But they know nO English. I can only communicate with them through The need of our immigrant people him as interpreter. Will you not send to know the language of the country some one into that little home to in which they are living; a study of teach English to the father and all available "First Lessons in English," revealing the fact that none mother?" could be found containing any touch One day in the mission circle of a on the religious side of life; a conviction that they as well as we, "can local church an appeal was made for not live by bread alone"-these con- volunteers for this kind of neighborly siderations led to the making of the service. So the first Fireside League lesson'book, "Early Stories and Songs was born. for New Students in English," each lesson b<;ing tested in practical work A little later, in April, 1912, a Central Interdenominational Com- mittee of Fireside Leagues was formed in New York, and the work began to develop. But in the Sep- tember following, with a desire to, avoid duplication of machinery, the Central Committee asked the Council of Women for Home Missions to take over the work. This was done in December, 19I2, and tho some local organizations still retain the name, "Fireside League," as they have a right to do, the work is en-

OF BEST METHODS

tirely in the hands of the Council the mother across the hall came with of Women for Home Missions. her children, then the mother up- stairs. Soon a regular class had The Council of Women for Home been formed (or had formed itself) Missions has already the names of for the mothers, and at the same more than one hundred persons en- time a play-hour for the children. gaged in this work, but they wish to enlarge it. If you are willing to ENLISTING THE CHILDREN share in it, write to The Council of Women for Home Missions, Eng- No matter how sheltered the life lish for Immigrants, 150 Fifth Ave- of an American child may be, he nue, and full directions will be sent comes more or less into contact with you. the little aliens from over the seas. He thus becomes a factor in the im- It is not necessary to wait for an migrant problem~a hindrance or a organization to begin this work. help, according as his attitude may Simply start with the immigrant be. nearest you-the maid in your kitchen, the man in your shop, the Too often his attitude (copied family in your neighborhood. Any f rom his elders) is that of aversion one can do it, children as well as and distrust, rather than of sym- grown-ups. The young daughter of pathetic helpfulness. Not long ago, a professor in an Eastern college has in the kindergarten department of a taught three successive maids in her Presbyterian Sunday-school, the mother's kitchen all they know of topie for the day was "Jesus loves English, beginning when she was a everybody." child of seven. One of them made such rapid progress and became so "Does Jesus love everybody?" the fond of books, that it was useless tv teacher asked. set her to dusting the library. She was so fascinated with the books "Yes," came the answer at once she stopt to read them and forgot from every child. what she ought to be doing. "Is there anybody in the world The following story shows how that Jesus does not love?" was the easy it is to make a beginning in an next question. immigrant home. Without previous arrangement, two young women went "No," answered one little girl, to the house, and one began to play while the rest kept quiet and looked with the children in one part of the doubtful. room while the other began to teach the mother from a copy of "Early "Elizabeth is right," said the Stories and Songs" she had brought teacher, "Jesus does love everybody." with her. At first neither teacher nor pupil could understand well To this five-year-old Ruby took enough to make appointments for the exception. "God does not love the lessons. But on the same day each Eyetalians," she announced with all week, and at the same hour, the two the emphasis she could command. .young women appeared. Presently "You're wrong, Ruby," the teacher said. "God loves the Italians just as much as He loves you and me. Re loves everybody. Where have you seen the little Italians?"

At this the whole circle became

eager to anSWCL "At Illy school," "They are lonely, thesc little forthey all cried at once. . eign children who come to our coun- try to live, and some of them are "I'm afraid we're not always kind sad," 'the teacher continued. "This to them," the teacher continued. week I want you to try to be kind "Suppose some day your father to them and help them. How many should say, 'Children, we are going will ?" a long way off to a fine, new country where we can al1 get plenty to Up went the hands, everyone, for eat.' And then you said 'Good-by' the attitude of these little children to your home and all your little had been entirely changed. The friends, and got on board a big ship simple stating of the case had made where they put you down into the a powerful appeal, for the childhold and you were crowded and un- heart, if unbiased, is tender and comfortable all the time you were true. The room was very still as sailing across the seas toward the they bowed their heads and the new home. Then when you got teacher made this little prayer: there, suppose that instead of being "Dear Jesus, help us to remember that kind to you, the children laughed at you love everybody-the little Italians you and called you names, and said, and us, too. Help us to be kind to 'Look at those funny Americans. them and love them like you. Amen." God does not love them.' And suppose they would not play with you Parents and teachers can render nor sit near you at school. How no greater service to the immigrant would you feel? Do you think you cause than by giving the young would like it?" Americans under their care the right attitude toward the alien children. "N0," answered honest little Ruby, It is easy to do it, if they themselves as emphatical1y as before. have the right attitude toward them.

WHO ARE THE IMMIGRANTS?

THE WORLD SAYS: THE CHRISTIAN SAYS: SCUM OF THE EARTH! Italians from the land of Dante and WOPS! Savonarola. DAGOES! BOHUNKS! Greeks with a heritage of art and SHEENIES! literature.

Slavs from the home of John H uss. Jews-the race of our Savior.

All Children of our Heavenly Father are possible heirs of His Salvation.

WHAT IS YOUR DUTY?

-From the Missionary Survey.

EDITORIALS

THE REVIEW EDITORIAL STAFF and suggestions from our readers will always be welcomed, and con- W ITH a view to broadening the tributions are solicited from all who vision and scope of the REVIEW, have a message of inspiration and and that we may cooperate more close- information concerning the principles, needs and progress of the missionary ly with the missionary boards and so- campaign.

cieties, the editor has already secured the cooperation of some of the lead- ing Christians in America to serve THE REVIEW AND THE MISSION on an Editorial Council. These, as BOARDS already announced, are Dr. Ar~hur AT the recent conference of the J. Brown, vice-chairman of the Con- Foreign Mission Boards of tinuation Committee; Dr. Charles R. North America a resolution was WPreastbsoytn~riasnecrBeotaarryd of the United of Foreign. Mis- passed in which t~e Comm~ttee on a sions; Dr. F. P. Haggard, chamnan Missionary Magaz111e was 111structed of the Home Base Committee of the to cooperate with THE MISSIONARY Foreign Missions Conference of REVIEW OF THE WORLD. For some- North America, and Home secretary thing over four y~ars this. interde- of the American Baptist Foreign Mis- nominational magazine comm1ttee has sionary Society, Prof. H. P. Beach, been considering the advisability of of Yale University, and Mrs. Helen establishing its own popular foreign Barrett Montgomery, of the Won.len's missionary periodica.l, and has bee.n United Mission Study CommIttee. seeking funds for thIS purpose. ThIS A recent addition is Mr. H. W. plan has now been aband~)!1ed, and Hicks, general secretary of the Mis- it is with a sense of gratItude that sionary Education Movement. we welcome the brotherly action The editorial force of the REVIEW taken at Garden City in January.

has at the same time been increased vVhen the REVIEW was originally by the addition of Miss Belle M. established wi nasJ atnou acrryit, icri8~7e.8t, hoenemiosf- its policie; Brain, author of many well-known sionary boards and SOCIeties, fearbooks on missions, who comes as lessly but constructively. .At that editor of the new "Department of time there was also practically no Best Methods"-a monthly feature cooperation between the various deof the REVIEW that is already making a stir. Mrs. Fred. M. Gil~ert. is nominational boards, and no confer- rendering valuable general edItorIal ences or concerted action on matters assistance in the news department of common interest. The Church and "Clues to the Contents"; Rev. S. was divided and the various divisions B. Rohold, of Toronto, is taking of the Christian missionary army charge of translations from f.or~ign were working independently and periodicals and the news of mISSIOns often antagonistically. To-day, th~re to the Jews. is a growing spirit of unity and 111- With the efficient help of these creasing coopera~io? in both ~lOn:e sympathetic and able co-worke.rs,.in ane! foreign mISSIOns, and 1t IS addition to our regular echtonal eminently fitting that magazi~es and rfoearcdee~s we may safely promise our other literature should be pnnted to even better results than in present the united appeal, to educate the past. Our field of vision is the men, women .and children on mat- World-God's field. We bring into ters of universal interest, and to view all the great events of im- represent the world-wide work ana Church of Christ.

portance from :: .C.hristian mis~io?ary Many steps have already been standpoint. CntIclsms, appreciations, taken to supply this literature for

all denominatiotrS. The Women's 2. Blessed are they that sow the Good Seed of the Word for they United Mission Study Committee has shall reap in joy. (Ps. 126 :I6.) published their excellent text-books, 3. Blessed are they who win men and women for God and righteousas have also the Student Volunteers ness for they cover a multitude of sins. (James 5: 20.) and the Missionary Education Move- 4. Blessed are they who give themment. Leaflet literature has been selves wholly to the service of the King for they shall not lose their published for use of all the boards reward. (Matt. 25: 34.)) and societies. The Laymen's Mis- 5. Blessed are those who give them- selves to earnest prayer for their sionary Movement issues its little fellowmen for God, the Father, will hear them. (John I4:I3, 14.) monthly, rich in facts and inspira- 6. Blessed are they who give genertion; the lVI. E. M. have taken over ously of money, as the Lord has Everyland for chil~ren ; and. the prospered them, to carryon His work for they shall receive in like Contmuation CommIttee pubhshes measure. (Acts 20: 35.) the InteYliational Review of M is- 7. Blessed are they who offer their best beloved one for the service of sions, quarterly, for the scientific their Lord, for they shall be taken into the family of the King. (Matt. study of missionary progress and 19: 29·) problems. There is still a large, al- 8. Blessed are those who are faithful most untouched, field for such a and obedient servants of God for they shall be received into the joy monthly magazine as THE MISSION- of the Lord. (Rev. 22 :4.)) .ARY KEVIEW OF THE WORLD–One 9. Blessed are the suffering converts who are persecuted for righteousness that will present in readable, some- for great is their reward in heaven. what popular style, but ~ith -<I: deeply (Matt. 25: 23·) spiritual purpose and vlewpomt, the ro. Blessed are the faithful for great facts, needs and forces ~on­ they shall rule many cities. (Matt.

nected with world-wide evangelIsm. 25: 23·) THE MISSIONARY REVIEW does not RACIAL TYPES AND CHRISTIANITY s~ek to supplant but to supplement A CCORDING to Dr. John R. the denominational missionary maga- Mott, the Asiatic nations are producing distinctive types of Chriszines. It represents the interests and tianity. The organizing genius of the Chinese Christian, the subtle and the work which all of Christ's fol- meditative qualities of the Indian, the power of initiative of the Japalowers have in common, and should nese, are being used to advance the Kingdom of God in these lands. be stimulating and informing. The These qualities need to be developed and given scope, but each must in more Christian men and women its tum also be supplemented by the others. Thus the Chinese Christian know of the work of the whole needs to develop meditation, while the Indian is most in need of initia- Church and the needs of the whole tive and constructive power.

wteorerlsdt~dthien more they should be in- the denominational field for which they are primarily re- sponsible.

The Foreign Missions Conference has appointed its representative CO~l1- mittee, of which Dr. Stanley Whlte is chairman, and the REVIEW has selected an editorial council. It is hoped and expected that these two representative bodies will work to- gether for the further improvement of the REVIEW and for the extension of its influence.

TEN MISSIONARY BEATITUDES 1. Blessed are thos~ who go forth to preach and teach the Gospel for they have the presence of the Christ.

(Matt. 28: 19, 20.)

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MISSIONARY NEWS AMERICA living donor to distinctive missionary work if, indeed, it is not the larg- Charitable Gifts of 1913 est. 'It is a hopeful sign when men learn to give in millions. C BARITABLE gifts in the United States during the past year Other Signs of Progress amounted to $80,135,476. This was at the rate of $2.91 .for every ti~ <;>f T HE figures representing Church the clock. The bequest of BenJamm progress during 1913 are at Altman, valued at $15430,000, to hand and are full of encouragethe Metropolitan Museum of New ment: Upward of forty millions of York, heads the list, and the gift of Americans, native and foreign born, $10,000,000 by John D. Rockefeller, are allied with some religious body, Jr. to put an end to "white slavery," and for the support of their churches is 'second. Col. O. H. Payne's gift last year gave over $400,000,000, or of $4,35°,000 to Cornell comes .next an average of over ten dollars apiece. in size, and is followed by Ferns S. During the past year, unusual sums Thompson's gift of $3,655,000 to were put into new buildings, s~ ~hat Princeton University. Andrew Car- the total of four hundred millIons negie's fifteen donations aggregated will soon be surpassed. As the years $3,633,000, and the next .largest gift go by, the Christian bodies in Ameris $3,000,000, the sum given Wash- ica average a gain of about 2 per ington and Lee University by Robert cent., 20 per cent. in the decade– P. Doremus. After that the list a somewhat larger per cent. than shows that the donations dropt in that of the increase of population-to size to a million or two. missions, while they are living, and are not obliged to give it up. A Million Dollars for Mi..ions Progress Made in Four Years A GIFT of $1,000,000 to the Church of the Disciples of THE Bible Society now issues what Christ was announced a few days are called "diglot" Gospels, that ago by Rev. E. A. Corey, secretary of is, with English on one side and some the Laymen's Missionary Movement other language on the other. The of that denomination. The gift was following is the list of languages made by Mr. R. A. Long, of Kansas thus printed with English: Arabic, City, and was first given to the pub- Armenian Bohemian, Bulgarian, lic during the Student Volunteer French, Finnish, German, Gujarati, Convention meeting in Kansas City. Hungarian, Italian, Japanese, J udeo- Mr. Long's gift is on condition th'~.t German, Lithuanian, Malayalam, the denomination shall raise an addi- Mandarin, Marathi, Norwegian, Pertional five millions, the money to be sian, Polish, Portuguese, Rumanian, devoted to extending the work of Russian, Ruthenian, Servian, Spanthe missionary societies of the de- ish, Tamil, Telugu, Turkish, and nomination and to a fund to edu- Urdu. cate one thousand men for missionary work at home and abroad in Foreign Students in America colleges maintained by the denomination. Under the terms of Mr. Long's I N 44 American colleges, technical gift the money must be raised by schools and universities last year, January I, 1917. This is one of 2,084 foreign students were registhe largest gifts ever made by a tered, 879 coming from Asia, 37 from Africa, 145 from South America,

amI 50 from Australasia. Of Asia's addresses were made by the new contingent, 438 hail from China, 263 secretaries, by Dr. Charles L. Thompfrom Japan, 102 from India, and the others from Turkey, Korea, Persia, son, chairman of the Home Mis- Siam, Ceylon, and Straits Settle- sions Council, and by Mr. ]. Campments. bell Vhite, general secretary of the Laymen's Missionary Movement.

Japanese Officials in America Settlement Work in New York T HE Associate Mayor of Tokyo, UNION Settlement, affiliated with Hon. D. Togawa, has been in Union Seminary and located America studying city cond~itions. near Third Avenue at the upper Sunday-school men have assisted in end of Central Park, New York, has making his stay in America nota- been one of the factors in educating ble, in N ew York, Washing- New York civic officials to the point ton, Pittsburgh and Chicago. Af- of desiring that the municipality itter visiting one of Brooklyn's Sun- self take hold of social work. This day-schools, the mayor said he had settlement has just opened a new been wonderfully imprest by the 30 $100,000 building that has an ideal to 50 story buildings in New York, public forum, gymnasium, clubrooms but was more iinprest by the Sun- and a running track. The new presiday-school work as he saw it. :Mr. dent of the N ew York Board of Togawa is a Presbyterian elder, and Aldermen, speaking at the Settlement member of parliament. building dedication, said that settle- ments, milk stations and similar Mr. Sekiya, Japanese Minister of social service work of newer types Education in Korea, is in America had so far paved the way that he and will, whik! here, study Sunday- would do his part, during his term of school conditions in order to under- office, to make the city itself follow stand the plan of religious educa- these lines. He pointed out that tion in America. city school property is worth $r IO,- 000,000, and can be made to render The visits of such men should twice the service to the public that have a formative influence upon the it now does. religious education of Japan and Korea.

TRecognition Service for New Officers T William Duncan of Metlakahtla HE dignity and sacredness of the HE Apostle of Alaska, after service which the board secre- about 50 years' work among the tary renders to his denomination is Metlakahtla Indians, has at last laid sometimes overlooked. Pastors are down the reins of government on installed in their churches, college Annette Island, Alaska, where he presidents are inaugurated, but a has developed a model community of board secretary usually takes up his self-supporting Christian Indians. work with no more ceremony than Mr. Duncan came from England to an announcement in the church British Colombia to work for the papers of his appointment by the Indians as a lay missionary of the board. There is special significance, Church Missionary Society. After therefore, in a recognition service remarkable success in building up a which was held in the Marble Col- Christian community among the legiate Church in New York, in con- Tsimsian Indians, there was some nection with the induction into disagreement with the Church Misoffice of Rev. Edward Waite Miller, sionary Society, and Mr. Duncan D.D., as home secretary of the Board withdrew to Annette Island, in the of Foreign Missions of the Reformed United States Territory of Alaska, Church, and Rev. Seth Van der and was followed by a large number Werk as field secretary of the Board of his Christian Indians. Here he of Domestic Missions. Impressive built up an independent mission set-

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tie1l1eni–of which he was the Czar~ pa rts 0 f thc country. III the main with its church and schools and fac- the spirit toward the religious worktories. Now, at the ripe age of 82, ers has been tolerant and even he has retired from active control. friendly. Practically all missionaries The Indians have asked to have a have refused to quit their posts. The young man and his wife sent to them American Bible Society reports havto superintend the work. ing recently shipped a large number of Bibles, with the belief that they National Prohibition will be sold as previous shipments have been. The Presbyterian Church T HE question of submitting to the of Mexico, closely related to that in States an amendment to the Na- this country, is strongest in Mexico tional Constitution, prohibiting the City, and has repeatedly had the manufacture and sale of intoxicating protection of the present Government liquors as a beverage, was laid be- for its interests. It reports that fore Congress on December 10th. schools are much disturbed, but that Three or four thousand men and strictly spiritual work is .little afwomen from all parts of the country fected. Bishop Aves, of the Episwent to Washington for that pur- copal missionary district, reports that pose. They assembled at one of the his American work is strongest in approaches of the capitol where they Monterey, and has been hampered were met by members of both the by the removal home of large num- Lower and the Upper Houses. bers of families. Speeches were made by Mr. Ernest H. Cherrington, of the Anti-Saloon Seed-Sowing in Bolivia League of America, and by ex-Governor Malcolm R. Patterson, of Ten- A CORRES~ONDE~T writes to nessee. These speeches were elo- the Canadlan BaPt~st: quent and forcible. Bills were "The last 15 years have been years offered in both Houses submitting of sowing in this sin-trodden ground, the proposed amendment to the Leg- and we are still at it. We have been islatures of the States. sowing under great difficulties and with very few agencies. Now the SPANISH AMERICA ground is freer and our means of A Spanish Colporteur in Cuba sowing have increased. We are sow- ing in English and in Spanish; we O NE of the effective preachers in are sowing in Indian night schools the Methodist Mission in Cuba and by visitation, and also by preachis a certain Prospera Guerra, who ing. vVe are sowing among rich came from Spain in the days of Gen- and among poor, among ignorant and eral Weyler to battle for the con- among the intelligent. One of our tinuance of Spanish rule. He fought latest acquisitions in the sowing line at San Juan on the wrong side, in is our printing press. Our first pubthe 65th Cuban regiinent, was later lication is our little paper, El Amigo converted at Santiago, and has spent de La Verdad (The Friend of the much time since then selling Scrip- Truth). Our first number came out tures. He has been in the ministry in August and September, and five years, and reports a church of reached a total edition of 7,500. Our RS lIlembers and 57 probationers. articles were all short, crisp and pointed. It was a new thing, and Gospel Work Goes on in Mexico people were hardly prepared to ex- press themselves. Yet on the whole, T HE Protestant mission workers the paper received a very warm wel- in Mexico have had little or no come. After the first feeling of interference directly with their work novelty was over, the people began by either Federals or rebels. What to look for the second number. It interruption or hindrance has been has just come out, and is receiving experienced has been due to the disordered condition of affairs in many

even a more eager welcome than the Saturday, and the census was begun first number." after the football crowds had dis- persed. "Putumayo" THE CONTINENT FOLLOWING upon the recent Putumayo scandals, an important Dr. Bertillon and the Gospel Governmental dispatch has been sent A STRIKING tribute to the good by Sir Edward Grey to British con- work done by one of the Calsular officers, dealing with the em- vinistic Methodist missionaries laborployment of native labor, with a ing in Brittany, has been paid by view to securing adequate protection Dr. Jacques Bertillon, head of the of the natives against ill-treatment. anthropometric criminal service in The officers are to acquaint them- Paris. As a result of reports in selves with the methods of com- French newspapers speaking of a panies and firms in which British great temperance movement in a capital is employed, and to report Breton village, Dr. Bertillon visited to the Foreign Office any cases of Lescouil, the village in question. He serious abuse. The presence of con- speaks of the good work wrought by scientious men upon the spot, armed the pastor in the midst of the people. with such authoritative instructions, In the same article (which appeared should do much to prevent such in Le Parthenon, a French literary atrocities as those with which the review) he speaks of Lescouil as word "Putumayo" has been so shame- "that wonderful village." He also fully associated.-The Christian. prints a letter from Rev. ]enkyn J ones, the pastor referred to, in EUROPE which the transformation is attributed to the preaching of the Gospel. The Wesleyan Missionary Centennial A Religious Census of Germany T HE British Wesleyans have been UNITED STATES consul has celebrating the centennial of their supplied the State Department foreign missionary work. The celebration was planned to include a with a summary of the religious cengreat gathering in the new Central Buildings at Westminster and a sus of Germany, which has just been simultaneous celebration in all districts of the land. On a given Sun- published, but which was taken in day evening, at seven o'clock, the congregations in all the chapels, from 1907, five years ago. They show Wesley's in London to the wayside chapel of the remotest hamlet, bowed that of the 61,720,529 people counted, for a moment in silent prayer, and then sang "All Hail the Power of 38,374,648 profest adherence to the Jesus' Name." Evangelical Church, 22,540,485 to the o What a Census Revealed N a recent Saturday evening the Catholic Church, and 566,999 to the Young Men's Society of North Woodside United Free Church, Glas- Jewish Church. In the eastern sec- . gow, carried out a census oi 40 public-houses in a typical workmg-class tion of the empire 12,681,192 of the neighborhood. Between the hours of 5 and 10 P.M., 15,951 people entered 18,747,937 making up the total poputhe public-houses-II,938 men, and 4,013 women. Thus each public- lation of that region were Evanhouse had roughly an average of 400 customers in the five hours-or gelical, 5,758,072 were Catholic, and 80 an hour. The day was a normal 232,377 were Jewish; in Western Germany, 20,213,335 of the total pop- ulation of 28,854,132 were Evan- gelical, 8,330,729 Catholic, and 1G8e~8­- 918 Jewish, and in Southern many, 5,480,121 of the total popula- t~i,o4n5I,o6f8414C,1a1th8o,4l6ic0, were 1E45v,a7n0g4elJiecavl~ and Ish. The 37,989,893 persons in Prus- sia were divided as follows: Evan- gelical, 23,847,337; Catholic, 13,608,- 183; Jewish, 374,353, and the 6,598,-

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168 people m Bavaria as follows: schools and scholars in German colo- Evangelical, 1,86r,079; Catholic, nies and protected zones. The spe- 4,668,ro8, and Jewish, 53,72~. The -small portion of the populatIOn not cial needy condition of the Berlih accounted for in each case was credited to non-Evangelical sects of society has been, as could be exthe Christian faith or to non-Christian faiths. pected, specially considered; its al- lowance is therefore the highest, 497640 marks for the ~sCiaty at the Sp:ee. The last item remark- An Emperor's Gift to Missions able one. German Instltute for the T HE intimation has come from medical mission at Tubingen, 100,000 the President of the Upper marks !-Zeitschlrift fur Missions- House in Germany that the Em- kunde.

peror William has made a grant of Balkan Ideas of Religious Liberty 3000 marks for work in Samoa, T HE American Government sent a suggestion to the conference 2~'o0r0k0 marks to be applied to the among the Balkan States held at of Mr. Heider, and 1,000 marks Bucharest, to the effect that the new treaty to be signed there should asto be handed to Miss Schultze for sure religious liberty to all those dwelling in the territories affected. her work. This sum, it appears, It was stated in reply that the con- stitutions of the various Balkan councomes from a fund known as the tries already had granted religious liberty. We are now learning-by the Emperor William's fund for the en- treatment which Servia and Greece are according to the subjects of the couragement of evangelical missions territories conquered from Turkey- what is meant by religious liberty in in German colonies and territories. the Balkans.

It is delightful to find that the .many- A dispatch from Monastir, largely a Bulgarian and Greek as well as sided German Emperor has time to Servian city, but now within Ser~ian territory, reports that the Servlans give thought to such things as evan- have closed the Greek churches and Greek schools in Monastir. On the gelical missions. The great ones of Dther hand, they have opened a Servian church and have notified the the earth do not distinguish them- Bulgars that they, the Bulgars, are to attend that church. A guard was selves in these days by much evi- set at the door of the Protestant church and he endeavored to turn dence of such practical interest in back any Bulgars who approached. One man who insisted on going to the progress of the Kingdom of the Protestant church on the ground that he had attended the church for Christ. It is pleasant, also, to feel thirty years, was called to the police station and given to understand that, that the society, which is not German under penalty of losing his property, he must attend the Servian church. in its origin, its management, or the At Kortcha the American-Albanian body of its supporters, but which school has been closed. The Greeks happens to be at work in German have taken possession of it on the ground that the district is to become territory, has gained the approval Greek.

of the German authorities to such an extent that a grant is made for the encouragement of some portion of its work.

Gel'man "National" Gift for Mi..ions T HE Emperor of Germany has of made the following distribution the "National Gift" offered to the Christian missions to the amount of 3,500,000 marks in round numbers: Missionary societies, 2,825,000 marks ($678,000); allied institutions, 175,- 000 marks ($42,000). The balance is reserved for adjustment fund and for maintenance of a permanent or- o-anization. Th e dis tribu tion t aw0asf bmade at 80 per cent. per capI• the workers, at 20 per cent. of the

A Soldier Evangelist in Siberia The State, which is the sole repre- sentative of the entire body of citi- A RUSSIAN Jew, who was bap- zens, can not admit any limitations tized some time ago at Rotter- whatsoever of its sovereignty." It dam, is now in Siberia, as a guard is very evident that if relations arc to of prisoners who are engaged in be modified, Rome must give up the building railways. Some time ago, claim to temporal sovereignty. Mr. Zalmann (London Jews Society) received a letter from him in which ASIA-MOSLEM LANDS he said: "I thank God that I am a soldier, and that I am with the o The Great Host of Moslems prisoners, to whom I have every op- NE of the world-problems toportunity to preach the Gospel. I day is the Moslem problem. It am, however, unable to go to church, is both political and religious. What and so I organize meetings with my gives it political significance are the fellow-soldiers and tell them the numbers of Moslems involved. the truth that Christians believe." areas or lands occupied by them, and the solidari~y that characterizes them. Protest Against Russian Tyranny There are said to be 210,000,000 Moslems in the world. One-fifth of T HE protest of the civilized world the population of the globe is there- against the superstition and race fore Mohammedan, and these are hatred involved in the prosecution scattered over vast areas. From the of Beiliss, the Russian Jew, for Pacific on the east to the Atlantic on ritual murder is being followed by a the west are they to be found, and protest against the cruel tyranny of our flag protects large numbers in the Russian Government in its treat- the Philippine Islands. The Netherment of political prisoners. It is lands rule 24,000,000 of them in the said that since the Czar issued his East Indies. Great Britain controls manifesto in October, 1905, promis- some 64,000,000 in India. There are ing liberty to the people of Russia, found some IZ,ooo,ooo in China, and 40,000 persons have been sentenced in the vast area that stretches from for political offenses. Of these Afghanistan throngh Persia, Arabia, 3,000 have been executed, and more Syria, Asia Minor, Egypt, Tripoli, than 10,000 thrown into the horrible Tunis, Algiers, Morocco, are 85,000,- labor-prisons, besides the thousands 000. Besides, Russia and Turkey in banished to barren wastes in Siberia. Europe and Central Africa contain Men of international reputation all a large number. over Europe are signing the vigorous protest which has been drawn up. Moslems in Mission Schools Church and State in Italy I N Persia, the majority of the pupils in higher mission schools are now WE. have been reading predic- IV[ohammedans, and in some of them tions, mostly from· Roman the teachers are Christian converts from Islam, and there is a wide-open Catholic sources, that the relations door to un~indered evangelism. between the Italian Government and the V,atican were somehow or other Zionist Opposition to Missions modified, or to be modified. Now, however, comes this utterance from FOR many years Christians from the Italian King: "In Italy the rela- England, Scotland and America tions between the Church and State have been carrying on medical work have particular importance. They in the Holy Land, hoping through it are wisely regulated by our laws to minister to the Jews and Mohamupon the basis of the most ample re- medans in other ways. At first there ligious liberty. This liberty, however, was opposition on the part of Orthomust never be interpreted as per- dox Jews, but they were won over mitting any interference of the Church in the affairs of the State.

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in time by the medical work. In- INDIA deed, they became so friendly that Ominous Conditions in India T permission was readily granted a few HE London Times finds the con- ditions in India ominous, and years ago to place a Christian church and hospital on the summit of Castle apparently ignores the effect which Hill at Safed, a site occupied for 100 the visit of King George is said by vears by the Crusaders, and said to many to have had in stimulating be the one to which Christ referred loyalty and drawing the different eleas the "city set on a hil1." The com- ments in the country together. Dising of the Zionists from Southern like, distrust and hatred of the Britand Eastern Europe, announcing ish are declared to be taking the themselves as Reform Jews, brings place of the friendliness which prestrong opposition to this good work. vailed twenty years ago-this through They vigorously denounce Christian the pernicious activity of a small secefforts, condemning the hospital work tion of the population which is said as done only as a ruse for further to be "working successfully to bring invasion. They even repudiate the . about the alienation of vast, unrecent public commendation of the wieldy masses." That is "the Indian medical work done in Damascus and peril," and if it is not understood in Safed, which was made by the Grand time there will be a rude awakening. Rabbi of the Orthodox Jews. When The agitation is fostered, for the word of the trouble reached head- most part, by youths educated in quarters in England and America, British schools who have formed the authorities recommended that for secret societies whose members asthe present the missionaries devote sassinate officials and Indian public their entire time to health work, espe- employes. Within a few years atcially to mitigate the sufferings from tempts have been made on the lives eye diseases. For the present this is of two viceroys, and offers of large the only "gospel" to be proclaimed. rewards failed to produce any evi- dence against the malefactors in- Death for Moslem Converts volved.

SINCE a few missionaries have To meet the situation The Times ventured into Tibet, it is rather editorially demands "fearlessness and common for missionary speakers to justice" toward all the discordant elesay that the whole world is now open ments of India's diverse millions.

to the Gospe. But pleasant as it is Otherwise the day may come when to say such a thing, it has the disad- the uneducated many will have been vantage of not being true, for taught by the half-educated or mis- Afghanistan is closed as tight against educated few to scorn the handful of missionaries as ever, and in spite of British officials and residents and to the predominant British influence in disregard all authority and rush into Baluchistan, there is no missionary the kind of panic that created the work in that territory save at tht French revolution.

town of Quetta, where the distribu- More as to Mass Movemenls tion of the Scriptures is the main item of possible activity. In both REV. JOHN LAMPARD, of the Afghanistan and Baluchistan the an- Methodist mission in Gujerat, cient Mohammedan penalty of death reports that large sections of. the for abandoning the faith of the pro- 60,000,000 of "untouchables," or outphet is still enforced. No care of the cast peoples, are moving toward resident British consuls – is sufficient Christianity.

"In some districts," he says, "the to avert the stealthy fate that over- applicants for baptism are numbered takes a Moslem convert to Chris- by hundreds, and in some by thou- tianity. sands! There are missionaries who

make a tour of their districts, bap- pastor were working, it was artizing eager candidates at places ranged to invite a missionary to where there are workers stationed, conduct a special mission. The but almost daily such missionaries ladies suggested that prayer meethave to say, 'No,' to requests-for ings should be held in the local church teachers, schools and actual baptism every night for a whole month pre- -from villages too far from present vious to the special mission. The centers to be worked. It seems by pastor and the members of the no means outside the bounds of church objected; they said that they possibility that, if the Christian had no time to attend, that no one churches were strong enough to re- would come, that they had never ceive and give Christian instruction held such meetings in the church for to all such as they come forward, we a whole month, and many other exmight see the whole of the outcast cuses; but the ladies said that they peoples of India seeking to enter the would be there to pray every night; door of the Church of Christ within and that those who wished to do so the lifetime of many of the mission- could attend. The first week two or aries of to-day." three dropt in occasionally; the sec- ond week more came, and came more· A Tower of Peace in Burma regularly; during the third week there was a good attendance, and O NE of the most interesting events very earnest prayer; and by the last of this great missionary year week there was intense earnestness, will be the erection of a "tower of and a deep longing for more blessing. peace" in Rangoon, Burma, to per· The real blessing came before the petuate the memories of Adoniram missionary arrived, and the church Judson, Samuel Newell, Gordon Hall, has been a better church ever since. Samuel Nott, and Luther Rice, the -Quoted in Regions Beyond. five young men who were ordained as the first American foreign mis- Robbers Converted by a Tract sionaries in the Tabernacle Congregationalist Church, Salem, Mass., A TRIBE of robbers was con- February 6, 1812. The tower will verted through the chance readbe a replica of the tower of the ing by one of their teachers of h Tabernacle Church, which is a pleas- tract. Eight years ago, none of ing example of what is known in them had heard of Christ, but now America as colonial architecture, but there are 200 members and members which is really English, as seen in on trial, with 12 local preachers prothe work of Christopher Wren and claiming the Gospel among their own others in Great Britain. The tower people.-REv. W. S. DODD. is the gift of Dr. J. Ackerman Coles, of New York, the giver of the fine SIAM 'tablet placed in the Tabernacle Church last year to the memory of Dread of Evil Spirits the same noble missionary heroes. Erected in the centenary of Judson's REV. J. H. FREEMAN writes landing at Rangoon, the tower will from Lampoon, Siam: be a perpetual memorial, not only of "More than in most other lands the five first American foreign mis- with which I am familiar, superstisionaries, but of the beginning of tion gathers among the Laos around the great Baptist mission in Burma. the bed of the sick and the' bier of the dead. Almost all illness and Answel'ed Prayer in India death are attributed to the agency of spirits. Once break the hold of T HE Year Book of Indian Mis- superstition there, and the way of sions reports the following in- the Gospel to the heart of the Laos cident: In a station in India where people is open. It is for this reason three lady missionaries and an Indian that the epidemic prevailing in parts ?f Chieng Mai province the past two

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

years, and still showing itself in other the educational leadership of Central districts, has opened the way as China. It is a joint effort of three never before for the entrance of the or four American communions, in- Gospel. A striking cure is not merely cluding Presbyterians and Methoa manifestation of Christian kind- dists. The latter is easily the leading ness, but demonstrates to the native Christian college of North China. It mind that Christ is more powerful is maintained by American Presbythan the evil spirits they fear, and terians, English Churchmen affiliated who, they consider, bring these ill" with the S. P. G., and English Bapupon them. Not only the family tists. A Chicago architect has gone themselves, but all their neighbors to China to make a first-hand study feel the force of the argument. of the architectural and construction Altho the epidemic is measurably phases of this notable undertaking. past, the opportunity of the missionary still continues. The fear of Form of Cooperation spirits is largely gone in whole villages, and the influence is felt in dis- FEDERATED Church Councils.- tant provinces as well. All over the Representative bodies have Laos field men are listening to the been or are being formed in all Gospel as never before. During the the provinces of China, save Shen-si year that is just past (ending Sep- and Kan-su. The basis of repretember 30th), 1,397 have been re- sentation differs. That of Hu-pei is ceived to full communion in our a characteristic one, there being one churches, and a larger number have Chinese and one foreign missionary renounced spirit worship and ceased for each organization in the province, to attend Buddhist temples. Multi- together with an additional foreigner tudes are reading our Scriptures; 57,000 copies of Scriptures went out for every 25 foreign workers, and an during the year. Those received on confession in 1912 were 1,044; in additional Chinese for every 500 1913, 1,397. The total number of adults in full membership. These communicants in 1912 were 5,218; councils emphasize truths held in common, promote united conferences in 191 3, 5,299. for strengthening and increasing the spiritual life as well as union evan- CHINA gelistic meetings, seek to arrange a common designation on churches and AGreat Gifts for Educational Work chapels, encourage a mutual division MERICAN Presbyterians have of territory, the use of a common of late been making vigorous ef- hymn-book and the holding of a forts to meet the situation existing council meeting- once a year. In in the new China. Special emphasis some cases the provincial councils has been laid upon the need for have undertaken religious surveys of greatly enlarged and improved equip- the province. Inquiry proves that ment for educational work. Nearly $r,ooo,ooo have been given or go per cent. of the Protestant mispledged for enterprises for which the Presbyterian Board is solely re- sions in China favor church federasponsible. Besides this, a few peo- tion. It is expected that these prople have provided a fund of no less vincial conferences will prove the than $750,000 to be used for the basis for a national federated counerection of new buildings for Nan- cil. king Union University and Shangtung Christian University. The Changed from Boxer Days former is probably the chief rival of St. John's University, Shanghai, I N Taiyuenfu, the capital of Shansi, and Boone University, Wuchang, for where in the Boxer days 45 mis- sion workers were beheaded by the governor's order, a number of dis- tinguished men have sent out a call for the establishment of a Free Church of China. Among the .12

signers are the military governor, ber includes only residing priests. the civil governor, the president and Counting all those engaged in preach- vice-president of the provincial as- sembly, and the chief of police. The ing and teaching there are 73,047. new church is to preach and to seek There are also other kinds of priests to spread the Kingdom. The calI and nuns who have done duties of states that the prosperity and the either preaching or teaching. These freedom of Vestern lands is founded number 54,001. These classes of upon that Protestant faith which is priests and nuns make up in all . also the hope of China. A program 180,129. Besides these there are is outlined for practical evangelistic about 10,000 students preparing for work, for philanthropic effort, for the priesthood. The home depart- education, and for the restoration of an inner friendship between Chinese ment of the Japanese Government and foreigners. The patriotic note has been gathering statistics of Chris- rings distinctly throughout the docu- tians for many years, and the last ment, as it does in all the utterances of Chinese Christian circles to-day. report of the number of believers of The demand for the creation of an the different churches is as follows: independent church organization is Roman Catholic, 63,081; Greek Cath- constantly growing stronger in China. -Zeitschrift fUr Missionskunde. olic, 14,749; Nippon Kirisuto, 18,- 441; Kumiai, 16,II5; Sei Ko Kwai, I 5,ago ; Methodists, II,763; Bap- tists, 4,191; other smaller denomina- tions, 12,246; total, 155,676.

The Chinese President's Sons Japanese Eagerness for Education REV. A. SOMERBY, of the Bap- I T is a significant fact that in Japan tist mission in Shansi, has been 95 per cent. of children of school age are in educational institutions, appointed tutor to the sons of 'the modernized and adapted rapidly to President of the Chinese Republic, make the Japanese nation a reading Yuan Shih Kai, and will shortly take people. There is almost no other up his residence in Peking, for the place on earth of which such a fact purpose of his new duties. The ar- can be stated. How imperative upon rangements made are entirely honor- us, therefore, is the demand to see able to Mr. Somerby's long career as that these boys and girls and young a missionary in China, and he will men and women of this great people stilI be free to serve the missionary shal1 be persuaded to search the cause to a considerable extent in Scriptures in which are the words a literary capacity. Yuan Shih Kai's of Eternal Life. three sons are at present at a college in Cheltenham, and a portrait Church Attendance in Tokyo in one of the papers showed them we a r i n g mortar-boards I-Public T HE Fukuin Shimpo, an important Opinion. journal published in Tokyo, prints a report of a special investiga- JAPAN-KOREA tion made by members of its staff into the present status of the Chris- Religious Divisions in Japan tian congregations of that city. It has been allegt<d by some critics of I T is very common to hear re- missions in Japan that the attendance proaches of Christians-Protest- of Japanese on worship in their capants especiaIly-because of the divis- ital city is less to-day than it was ten ions which appear in their work in years ago. But the investigator for foreign lands. Statistics show that the Shimpo declares that this is not in Japan there are 13 denominations true as a general proposition, altho it and 57 sects of Buddhism. Of these is admitted that in ",:rtain dlllrche~ the most powerful one is that of Shin Shiu. There are 71,76g temples and S3,08T priests. This l1tt.m-

141 WORLD-WlDE MJSS10N.f{Y rES

audiences show a very material faU- of the bay of the same name, where ing off. There are 80 Protestant the destruction was very great. houses of worship in Tokyo. The representatives of the Shimpo visited Christianity to Date I9 of these and counted the audience. The average congregation was found REPORTS from Korea show a to be 108. present native Christian mem- bership of 40,000, as contrasted with On the basis of these observations, IO,ooo a decade ago. In spite of the Shimpo calculates that 011 an loss of country, repeated persecutions average Sabbath morning 5,000 and other trying experiences, these Tokyo citizens are listening to 40,000 have come through strong- Protestant sermons. This means one and devoted. A young Korean said out of 400 citizens going to the recently: "I f you were to take a Protestant Christian Church each club and try to drive out the beweek.-The Continent. lievers now left in the Korean Church, you could not do it." The Calamities in Japan Writing from Taianfu, North JAPAN will have the sympathy of China, recently, Dr. John H. Korns, aU Americans in the disaster of the Methodist mission, says: which has overtaken the island of "During this siege we have not been Kiusiu. Following on the heels of called upon locally to do Red Cross the famine in the north, the volcanic work, as the Southern hospitals have eruptions and earthquakes in the cared for the wounded. President south, in one of the most thickly pop- Yuan Shih Kai is in such hearty ulated regions of the island empire, sympathy with the Red Cross idea must lay a heavy burden on the na- that he has made a large personal tion and its government. The vol- contribution to its work. The prompt cano of Sakura-jima occupies the relief given to wounded soldiers excenter of an island in the bay of presses the spirit of Christianity and Kagoshima, the southern bay of the strongly appeals to the Chinese." southern island of old Japan. For much more than a century the vol- A Case Against Japan cano had been asleep and the island of Sakura was covered high up on MERCANTILE enterprise must its slopes with farms and gardens. also reckon with the Moham- The eruption came suddenly, de- medan faith and their reverence for populating the island, accompanied their prophet and his creed. The by earthquakes that sent huge tidal high respect which all Moslems pay waves all along the coasts and scat- to the Koran is certainly to be comtering ashes far and wide. mended, and we can well under- stand how their feelings were ruffled Kiusiu is the ancient home of the when manufacturers put the Moslem Satsuma clan, famous in the annals creed upon ordinary articles of comof the empire down to the time when merce which may not always be used its leaders restored the Mikado to with respect. We learn from The his authority as emperor of Japan. Englishman, of Calcutta, that "the The island has given more than its Mohammedans of Rangoon have proportionate share of great names petitioned the Viceroy to prohibit the to history, and has been famous in importation into British India of the arts. It was the home of that manufactures bearing inscriptions, Christianity which was so ruthlessly verses or texts, from the Koran or stamped out by Hideyoshi Iyeyasu the other sacred books of Mussuland his successors. The nearest mis- mans, subjecting the offenders to sionary station to the disturbances is penalties prescribed under the Sea the English Church Mission Society Customs Act for similar offenses. work at Kagoshima, near the head This petition, it j, t1nderstood, i~ the

outcome of the strong feeling against WEST AFRICA a local firm who, in July last year, Progreas in Kamerun imported from Japan 2,000 mats inscribed with a mosque, and the MRS. C. W. McCLEARY writes 'Kalma' or the creed, 'there is no home: God but one God, and Mahomet is "We have macadamized roads his prophet.' These mats were from the coast to Elat, and an auto plays between the points. Our men seized by the police to prevent a dis- cycle it easily in two days. Wagons turbance which was feared if sale drawn by men can now transport were allowed, and the firm was or- our loads, altho the black man's dered by the district magistrate to pack is most used. The natives refrain from selling the mats for two would rather carryon their back than push and pull a wagon. So months, which period was extended much clearing has been done around here that the heat is much more inby the local government for one year tense. I can not travel in it as I in December last year."-The Moslem World.

NORTH AFRICA once could. It seems to exhaust me.

M Thanksgiving on the Nile Our station now has IS adult and ORE than 50 years ago mission three babe workers. We have two out-stations. The whole mission work in Egypt was apportioned numbers about 60. There are 19 to the United Presbyterian Church. furloughs due next year, and we are From a modest beginning large num- wondering how the breaches will be bers of churches and communicants, filled. The work assumes such pro- schools for boys and girls, two portions, we are just as busy as in flourishing colleges, a theological former days. The year following se,?inary and several hospitals are my return we had almost a new domg a noble work, from Alexan- force here, and we also had a most dria, through upper Egypt, and be- eventful year. Misfortunes followed yond Khartum in the Sudan. in quick intervals-perhaps you have Thanksgiving Day was doubly cele- heard of them. A saw-mill shipped brated at the American mission from America was brought to us church in Cairo by Dr. Andrew Wat- from the coast in 10 months. The son, who preached the sermon, at men went down to get it, fired it up, the same time commemorating the and started to run it up over the /fifty-second anniversary of his minis- Government road. A weak bridge try in Egypt. The American resi- broke, and threw it into a ditch 20 dents in Cairo, numbering one feet down, and upside down. Our hundred or more, enjoyed a Thanks- two white men on it had a miracu- giving dinner at Heliopolis, with ap- lous escape by being thrown forward propriate toasts and speeches. At into the mud and water. After being Assyut a thanksgiving picnic in a laid up for repairs, at least a hun- beautiful park on the banks of the dred boys brought it to the station.

Nile seemed a unique celebration to Here it continues to attract the won- the Americans accustomed to the dering natives, and saws great logs, cold, bleak winds of an Ohio thanks- from which we expect to have our giving. The tall, graceful palms, buildings."

oleander trees pink with bloom, chrysanthemums and roses, sur- A Record Confirmation A rounded the bountiful tables, above T Gayaza, 12 miles from Mengo, on August 30th, Bishop Willis which waved the American flag. The 70 participants were nearly all confirmed 330 candidates, the largest teachers in Assyut College of 400 confirmation held in recent years in boys, the girls, and boys' school, or Uganda. The Rev. T. Owrid, now workers in the Assyllt Hospital. at home on furlough, tells us that a

MTSSTONAHY

number of the Christians, in response He. claimed to be a direct descendant to an appeal made by the Rev. A. L. of the Queen of Sheba and King Kitching, of Ng'ora, have offered to Solomon. In any event, he seems to go to Bukedi, in the eastern province, have been a capable monarch, and ill as teachers. Uganda Notes says: his death the world certainly loses "In the neighborhood of the capital one of its most picturesque figures. the days of large baptisms and large confirmations are passing, as the mass SOUTH AFRICA movement spends its force, and the maj ority tends to become Christian. I Indian Uprising in Natal For this reason the number is the T is a surprize to many to learn more remarkable. It is the deserved that there are not less than 150,- result of steady and systematic visiting and direct personal appeal. That 000 Hindus in Natal, and it is a the movement itself is not merely superficial is shown by the fact that greater surprize that being there the the candidates themselves, on the confirmation day, contributed no less Hindus have shown sufficient enterthan Rs 254 (:£I6 18s. 8d.). In no district more than in Gayaza have prise to rise up against the represthe Baganda Christians been more systematically trained to give, and sive measures of the Government. in none have they responded better to the appeal. It was unfortunate From every point of view the situathat Mr. Owrid, to whose untiring energy the result is so largely due, tion is interesting, if not to the peowas not personally present. ple of Natal, at least to the onlook- Menelik of Abyssinia ing world. A few years ago the MENELIK II., emperor of Abys- sinia, is dead at last. The death scarcity of labor in the sugar-cane of this monarch has been reported a ~umber of time$ and as often offi- plantations which line the coast of cially denied, but this time it is officially announced from his capital Natal, and also in the coal mines of that he has passed away and that the interior, led to the indenturing Prince Lidj Jeassu, a youth of 18 of large numbers of Indian coolies. years, whom Menelik himself designated, is his successor. His most Against the protest of the other noteworthy achievement was the defeat of the Italian expedition of 70,- colonies in South Africa, these coolies 000 men sent against him in I 896, but he appears to have done much have been brought over in such numbesides this to bring his kingdom up to approximate modern standards. bers as to become a distinct and em- He embraced Christianity and maintained a Christian church, albeit most ba.rrassing fa.etor in the already com- Christians would probably have some little difficulty in recognizing Mene- plIcated SOCIal system. With the lik's church as Christian, since it is said to represent a strange mixture whites and blacks already arraigned of Christianity and heathenism. Menelik was nearly 70 years old. against each other, it boded only trouble for laborers of an utterly different race and civilization to be brought into the country. Upon the expiration of their ltaoboIrndciaonotrracrtes~ instead of returning indenturing, the coolies for the most part elected to remain in South Africa as traders and farmers.

Being accustomed to subsist upon the scantiest fare, and their standard of IivinR being exceedingly low, they began not only to prosper in this land of abundance, but actually to tl1reaten the inoustries of the whites.

Classes Among the K;ikuyu T HE unhappy controversy, re- ferred to elsewhere in our col- nmns, has made the name of Kikuyu known to many people for the first time. But Scotch missionaries have

been at work there for over 15 years, A heavy rain of cinders and scoria and one of them contributes the fol- fell continuously for five days. The lowing facts about the people: "The inhabitants escaped in canoes to the Kikuyu are divided into very dis- Presbyterian and other mission !:>ta- tinct classes. The little boys, up to tions, where nine hundred are lJeing the age of IS, look after thl;! herds, cared for. This is the field where Dr.

taking them away from the villages John G. Paton spent his life and did in the morning and bringing them his great work, and deep interest is back at night. At IS, a boy is ad- awakened by the account of this terrimitted into the warrior class. The ble visitation.

young warriors' sole occupation nowadays is to bedeck themselves OBITUARY with paint and feathers, and to roam Samuel B. Capen, of BOlton about the country brandishing their spears and otherwise advertising their A NOTHER of America's most self-importance. Later on, the war- prominent laymen: has passed to rior buys a wife, and passes thereby his reward on his way around the into the third class-that of married world. Samuel Billings Capen, presimen. He may pay for his wife as dent of the American Board of Commany as 60 sheep, valued at about l11!SSlOners for Foreign Missions, £16. He now builds a house for died in Shanghai, January 30th, from himself, having hitherto slept in the pneumonia, after only a few days' common village hut for young men, illness. while his wife opens up a garden. Dr. Capen was born in Boston on December 12, 1842, and was grad- Thenceforth he settles down to an uated from the English High School empty, useless life, of which beer- of Boston in 1858, and received the drinking and gossiping among his honorary degrees of A. M. from neighbors form the principal ele- Dartmouth in 1893, and LL.D. from ments. It is the wife who has to Oberlin and Middlebury in 1900.

bear the burden of life, and she is He was president of the Congrekept hard at work from morning till gationalist Sunday-school and Pubnight. She cultivates the crops, cuts lication Society, 1882-1899, and vicethe firewood, cooks the food, draws president of the American Congregathe water, and brings home the daily tionalist Association since 1903. He supply of potato leaves to feed the was a director of the Boston City sheep in her hut overnight. And, Missionary Society, and a trustee of lastly, there are the headmen, who the United Society of Christian Enare just what you would expect them deavor. He was president of the to be as the result of such lives."- Boston Municipal League, 1894-1899, The Life of Faith. and president of the Board of Trus- tees of Wellesley College since 1905.

OCEAN WORLD He was chairman of the Executive Committee of the Laymen's }{]:is- New Hebrides Catastrophe sionary Movement of the United THE report comes that a great vol- States and Canada since 1906, and canic upheaval has· visited the was a member of the Board of island of Ambrim, in the New Managers of the' North American Hebrides group. It is said that the Civic League for Immigrants.

vast lava streams overwhelmed the We plan to pu blish an article in Presbyterian hospital, while numerous a subsequent number on Dr. Capen's French and English business houses work in behalf of Christian mis- and cocoa plantations were destroyed. sions.

BOOKS ON

AND MISSION LANDS OUT OF THE ABYSS. An autobi~raphy of by divinity. Miss Palmer has given one who was dead and is abve again. us here the practical examples of Introduction by Gipsy Smith. 12mo. what God is doing with and through 288 pp. $1.25, net. Geo. H. Doran Com- pany. New York, 1913. men in connection with the work of Those who have not experienced the Salvation Army. Incidentally, it can never appreciate the over- light is thrown on the various departwhelming power of the craving for ments of the Army work-Social and strong drink. This powerful, in- Industrial, Relief and Rescue, Prison tensely graphic story cf a young wife and Open-air. They are personal and mother who was in the grip of stories of men and women that rethe fiendish appetite can not fail to mind us of the "Twice-born Men" awaken a deep sympathy with such. stories of Harold Begbie-without so slaves to alcohol. The story of the much of that writer's literary style struggles of this woman to combat and personal philosophy. They are the demon rum opens our eyes to none the less compelling in interest its power; it also shows the devilish and power. character of those who deal in alco- THE CHINA MISSION YEAR BOOK. Edited holic drinks and of others who tempt by Rev. D. MacGillivray, D.D. 8vo. them to intemperance. This wife 735 pp. $1.50. Christian Literature and mother, surrounded by patient Press, Shanghai, 1913. love, stript her own children nak~d to buy whisky and even sold the ht- Every student of Chinese affairs, tle outfit' prepared for her unborn whether missionary, political, social, educational, or commercial, will welbabe to satisfy her craving. Reso- come the fourth issue of this valuable lutions, promises, threats, sickness, compendium of information. The death, loss of friends and property volume for 1913 is even more comwere of no avail to break the habit. plete and informing than the pre- It was only the power of God, the vious volumes. The articles are by loving help of a missionary and a experts, the statistics are gathered from reliable sources, and the whole pastor and constant prayer to God, scheme is so complete that it seems that finally broke the power of the as tho nothing had been omitted. demon, but took away also the desire Dr. Arthur H. Smith has confor strong drink. tributed the chapter on "Generai . As literature the story is lacking Survey," from which we have quoted in the REVIEW (October, November in finish but not in power. It is an and December). Rev. E. C. Lobenintensely human document and an un- stine and Dr. J. Campbell Gibson usualiy strong temperance story-a have reported the Mott conferences, true personal history. We are some- and others take up in like manner what surprized that the author omits the revolution, political development entirely the name of. Christ in t~e and the progress and fruits of Chrisnarrative, altho quotmg from HIS tianity in China. The statistics show sayings and acknowledging the only pow~r to be in God.

THE SALVAGE OF MEN. By Agnes L. Pal- that in 191I there were 5,17! mer. 12mo. 214 pp. $1.00, net. Flem- Protestant foreign missionaries in 770 ing H. Revell Co., New York. stations, with 207,747 baptized Chris- Stories of humanity are always tians and a total Christian commu- of interest, but this interest is in- nity of 370,000-an increase of creased when the humanity is touched 50,000 over the previous year.

"LACKED YE ANYTHING." A small FOLLOWING THE SUNRISE. A Century of Baptist Missions, 1813-1913. By Helen volume bearing this title has recently been published by Messrs. Morgan & Barrett Montgomery. Illustrated, Scott, giving an account of the formation and work of the Egypt General 12mo, 291 PI? 50c., l1;et; postage, 8c.

extra. American Baptist Pub. Society Philadelphia, 1913. '

Mission. It is a soul-stirring story of JUDSON THE PIONEER. By J. Mervin Hull. how a band of young men in Bel- lllustrated, 12mo, 187 pp. Cloth, SOc. fast were, some thirteen years ago, and $1.00, net.. postage, _ Bc. extra. called and sent forth to labor for God American Baptist Pub. Society, Phila- delphia, 1913. amid the darkness of the Mohamme- THE IMMORTAL SEVEN. Judson and His danism of Egypt. Going forth in Associates-Dr. and Mrs. Adoniram entire reliance on Him Who had Judson, Samuel Newell, Harriett Newell, called them, they have proved in a remarkable way the faithfulness of Gordon Hall, Samuel N ott, Luther Rice. By James L. Hill, D.D. Illus- trated, 16mo, 151 pp. American Bap- His promise, both with regard to tist Publication Society, Philadelphia, 1913. their own material support and also in the blessing which has ac..:ompanied AFRICA IN TRANSFORMATION. By Norman their work. Schools for the children, MacLean. Illustrated, 8vo, 262 pp. a dozen mission centers, a well- 55., net. James Nisbet & Co., Ltd., London, 1913.

equipped hospital, and a weekly' GREATHEART OF PAPUA (James Chalmers). -By W. P. Nairne, M.A. Illustrated, Christian paper with a circulation of 16mo, 229 pp. 25., net. Oxford Ul,iseveral thousand throughout the versity Press, London, 1913. whole country, are some only of the things that God hath wrought. Souls THE SPIRIT OF JAPAN. By the Rev. G. H. Moule. Illustrated. Paper, Is. 6d.; have been saved (some notable con- boards, 25. Student Volunteer Mis- sionary Union, London, 1913. versions, indeed, having crowned the labors of the missionaries), and a THE MTSSIONARY MOTIVE. Edited by W. living testimony to the reality of Paton, M.A. Price, 2s. Student Chris- God's power has been set forth. In- tian Movement, London, 1913.

MEN AND THE WORLD ENTERPRISE. Edited deed, this small book will stimulate by Charles T. Bateman. Is., Itct. Oli- phant, Anderson & Ferrier, Edinburgh, the faith of all who read it, for it is 1913. a 'truly inspiring record of what God can do with a handful of men who MANUAL OF MISSIONS. By Rev. Carl L. Howland. 75c., net. Fleming H.

will seek first His Kingdom, and Revell Co., New York, 1913. BROTHERING THE Boy. An lp,pea1 for trust Him outright. For the benefit Person, not Proxy, in Social Service. of those who may have any difficulty By W. Edward Rafferty, Ph.D. 16mo, in obtaining the book, and who would 220 pp. 75c., net, postpaid. Griffith & like to come into personal contact Rowland Press, Philadelphia, 1913. STEWARDSHIP AMONG BAPTISTS. By Alwith the work of the Mission, it may bert L. Vail. 16mo, 140 pp. SOc., net; be said that the general secretary of postage extra. American Baptist Pub.

the Mission is Mr. J. Martin Cleaver, Society, Philadelphia, 1913.

10, Drayton Park, London, N., Eng- FARMERS OF FORTY CENTURIES; OR, PER- MANENT AGRICULTURE IN CHINA, KOREA lanel. AND JAPAN. By F. H. King, D.Sc. Il- NEW BOOKS lustrated, 8vo, 441 pp. $2.50. Mrs. F. H. King, Madison, Wis., 1911.

TIlE NEW ERA IN ASIA, By Sherwood "LACKED YE ANYTHING." A Brief Story Eddy. Illustrated, 16mo, 215 pp. of the Egypt General Mission. By Cloth, 50c.; paper, 35c.; postage, Bc. George Swan. With an Introduction by the Rev. Charles Inwood, F.R.G.S. extra, Missionary Education Move- Illustrated, 12mo. Cloth, Is.' 6d.; mellt, New York, 1913. paper, Is. Morgan & Scott, London, 1913. ASIA AT THE DOOR. A Study of the Japa- nese Question in Continental United THE HoPE OF THE RErEMPTION OF SOCIETY. States, Hawaii and Canada. By By Malcolm Spencer, M.A. 16mo., pp.

Kiyoshi K. Kawakami. 8vo, 269 pp. 204, 2s. 6d. net. Student CWhr.isct.i,anLoMndoovne-i $1.50, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New ment, 93 Chancery Lane, York, 1914. 1913.

The Missionary Review of the World — January 1914

to the

JANUARY, I9I4 SOME QUESTIO~S ANSWERED I0J THIS NUMBER PREP"RED BY ;'viRS. F. :-'1. GILBERT 1. Vhy did the natives of Nigeria have in their houses pieces of wood bored with seven holes?

2. vVhat is the latest kind of guide for tourists? 3. Why is astronomy taught in a theological seminary in China? 4. What definition of Christ is found in a Chinese dictionary over 200 years old? 5. How was a map made so interesting that some small boys did not want to leave it? 6. To what famous Oriental has the King of England presented the Encyclopedia Britannica? 7. Vhat kind of missionaries did Count Okuma say are needed in Japan? 8. In what non-Christian land have more than two million Bibles been sold during the past year? 9. vVhat benefit has resulted from the attempted assassination of India's Viceroy? 10. Where and in what sense are missions "experiencing the penalty of success"? 11. Which of the Balkan nations is most friendly to missions? 12. Why did revivals in Fidelia Fisk's school in Persia occur so often in January? 13. Where was a sheep house fitted up as a mission chapel at the cost of $4.36? 14. Vhy were Moslem boys warned by their parents not to touch the Bibles in the mission schools? 15. In what language does the same syllable mean horse, help, mad dog and coming? I6. vVhat church gives twice as much for missions as for current expenses? 17. Vhat is a "pig collection" and where is it taken up? 18. Vhere are idol-makers appealing for government support? 19. vVho wore to church three suits, one on top of the other? 20. Vhat book was the educated Japanese reading on the railway train?

WIllIAM BUTLER-MOTHER OF TWO

o Mother, on thy mighty prayers Whole nations were upborne to God each day. VVho now of thy survivo rs dares To step beneath that load immense, and stay Its fall to death, In lack of intercessory faith? VVe mn st not fail, VVe must prevail; In heaven's own day Cease not to pray!

Till cease the prayers of our High Priest, Say not, thy prayers for tiS have ceased.

VILLI AM F. VVARREN, President of Boston Universi ty.

Missionary

~ of the World ~ Vol. XXXVII, Ko. 1 JANUARY, 1914 Vol. XXVII, No. Old Serres New Series Signs of the Times "TSIGNIFICANT EVENTS OF 1913 Important Worlc:l Conferences HE Kingdom of God cometh not The Continuation Committee Conferences with observation" is. without in Asia. doubt true to-day in the deepest spiri- World Student Christian Federatioll COll- tual sense, even as it was true in the ference at Lake Mohonk. days of Christ on earth. The deepest World's Sunday-school Association Con- 'and most lasting movements are those vention, Zurich. that are under the surface and whose Pan-Presbyterian Union, Aberdeen, Scot- effects are not clearly evident until land. long after they have originated. The .planting of a seed, or the laying of North America a submerged foundation-stone,may at- United Home and Foreign Missionary tract no attention, but if the life be in Campaign. the seed, or if the workmen continue Comity Plans Inaugurated for Home to build, the results will sometime be Missions. manifest above the surface. In the Denominational Laymen's Missionary missionary work of the Church, the Conferences. scattering of the seed by printed and Latin America Missionary Conference. by spoken word and by Christ-like VVorld Christian Citizenship Congress, deeds, the education of children and Portland. the quiet influence of medical mission- Four Million Fund raised for New York aries is gradually undermining prej u- Christian Associations. dice, trans forming ideals and build- Cooperative work planned for Orientals. ing up faith in God and Christ-like Volunteer Movement for Home Missions character. Organized.

The greatest results of the work of Latin America God in missions at home and abroad The Revolutions in Mexico. are not published by the press, but it Religious Liberty law passed for Peru. is encouraging to note a few of the Student Christian Conferences in Argensigns of awakened interest, of Christ- tina and Brazil. ward movements and of general missionary progress reported during the Europe past year. First Laymen's Missionary Conference in England. Increase of Religious Toleration in Spain. Abolition of Slavery in Russian Empire. Acquital of Beilis, the Jew, in Kiev. Modernist Movement in Italy.

Moslem Lanc:ls The Conclusion of Peace in the Balkan States. Independence won for Albania. Christward movement among Pomaks of Bulgaria. Dr. Zwemer's work for Moslems 111 Egypt. Anti-Moslem movements in North Af- rica. Bible shop opened at Jiddah, Arabia.

The editors seek to preserve accuracy and to manifest the spirit of Christ in the pages &£ this.

REVIEW, but do not acknowledge responsibility for opinions exprest, nor for positions taken by con· tributors of signed articles in these pages.-EDITORS.

India and Burma ~chool party to discuss sueh subjects United Missionary Cuuferences and 1'ru- as "The Necessity, Methods and Re- gram adopted. sults of Religious Education." Christward Caste-movements in Gujerat, etc. One result of this visit was the First National Student Christian Confer- hearty invitation to the World's Sun- ence. day-school Association to meet for their next convention in Tokyo, in China and Tibet I916. The invitation was backed by Day of Prayer for China set by Chinese a cable despatch to Zurich, signed by Government. Count Okuma, former Premier, First Congress and the First President, Baron Shibusawa, chairman. of the Yuan Shih-Kai. Japanese Commercial Commission to Attempts to make Confucianism the State America, and by Baron Sakatani, Religion. Mayor of Tokyo. Upon the return Mott and Eddy meetings for students. of Dr. Kozaki and Dr. Ibuka, from A Union Church formed in Peking. Zurich, a notable reception was held Advance of the Y.M.CA. in China. at the home of Count Okuma, in Revivals in Kansu Province and else- Tokyo, and plans were laid to pro- where. mote the convention by the raising of an adequate fund. At 'this reception Japan and Korea Japanese pastors were urged t~ build Federated Missions Conference. up Christianity in Japan, and espe- Continuation Conferences and Program. cially to promote the growth of Sun- Acquital of 99 Christian Koreans accused day-schools. Senator Ebara of the of conspiracy. House of Peers deplored the fact that First Korean Christian missionary to in many places public school t~achers China. and Buddhist priests openly opposed Official invitation to the World's Sunday- and sought to break up the Sunday- school Convention. schools. Immediately some of the eminent men present promised that The Island World and Arctic Land. this matter would be taken up with Discovery of the Blond Eskimos reported the Cabinet ana that these restrictions by Stefansson. would be removed so that the Sun- Union Church Movement Conference in day-school might be given a fair the Philippines. chance in Japan.

Africa and Madagascar Another interesting result of the Completion of Kongo Reform Move- Sunday-school tour in Japan is the ment. increased interest in Bible study. At Prohibition of sale of intoxicants to Kon- Imabara, in the Island of Shikoku, go natives. the Mayor was so profoundly moved New Clerical Law in Madagascar. that he himself bought Bibles, and with the 19 officials of the city, AN AWAKENING IN JAPAN formed a class for Bible study. In the conservative city of Kagoshima, T HE visit to the Far East last year in the Island of Kyushu, a city from of Mr. H. J. Heinz and the party which Admiral Togo and other J ap- of Sunday-school business men en route to the World's Sunday-school Convention at Zurich, revealed to Japan the deep interest of American business and professional leaders in religious education. In the series of meetings at over thirty strategic cen- ters, Japanese officials and educators were stirred to inquire into the Sun- day-school as a solvent for problems touching the moral foundation of youth. Non-Christian education in Japan has failed to produce the high- est elements of character, so that Jap- anese educators asked the Sunday-

OF THE TIMES

anese leaders have come, a Bible ioealism left. This extraordinary class was formed for clerks. They achievement took place in New York were so appreciative of the benefits City early in November. The Y. W. received that they a'sked for a simi- C. A. is organized in one metropolilar class for their wives. A Chris- tan organization, with ten branches, tian Japanese physician is teaching a vhich meet the needs of the students class of nurses and in one of the in Barnard and Teachers' Colleges; public schools the principal has ar- of art and music students in the soranged with the missionary so that called Studio Club; of trained nurses; 30 selected students have been formed of immigrant girls in the Internainto a class to study the Life of tional Institute; of colored and French Christ after school hours. The Gov- young women, as well as of those ernor of that Ken was so deeply in- groups which form the membership terested in the message of the Sun- of the usual city association. To proday-school party that he asked that vide for this growing work, at least Sunday-schools be developed more five large new buildings are needed adequately in the city. Since then the without delay, and three of the four Governor's wife and son have made million dollars are to be used by the confession of their faith in Christ. women. The Y. M. C. A., already better equipped in the city, contents In the city of Saga some 2,000 itself with $r ,000,000 fol' five students in the higher schools came branches. together and as a result of the message of Miss Kinnear, a college girl The campaign was a magnificent of Pittsburgh, to the girls in the piece of organization in ten groups of Government Normal School, 30 of 100 workers each. Considerable space the girls came to the church on the was given to it by the newspapers, ilfollowing Sunday. luminated clocks in various parts of the city recorded the progress made; Christianity in Japan is being tested 400 met for luncheon every day at and weighed and watched by a large noon to hear reports, and in many number who are dissatisfied with the other ways the attention of New old religions and are feeling the need Yorkers was challenged. Some very for a spiritual tonic to the nation. If large gifts were reported, Mr. Cleve- Christianity can "deliver the goods," land Dodge and Miss Grace Dodge build character, promote loyalty, in- together giving $625,000, but the terest itself in social service, and number of small contributors evi- "atisfy spiritual longings, it will be denced the interest of N ew York in sure to grow to a foremost place in the welfare of· its young men and Japan.-FRANK L. BROWN. women. The campaign appropriately came to an end on Thanksgiving ~ve. INEW YORK'S GREAT ACHIEVEMENT T is the fashion to decry the ma- SOUTH AMERICAN STUDENTS terialism of present-day American STRIKE FOR LIBERTY life, but a city which in three weeks will give over $4,000,000 for such LAST June the students in Santiwork as that carried on by the Young ago and Valparaiso, Chile's fore- Men's and Young Women's Chris- most cities, went on strike as a protian Associations has a good deal of test against the Papal Nuncio. For

a large part of a week they refused do an effective work among the to attend classes or university lec- young men of the Latin-American hues, in the hope that their action nations is 'the YDung Men's Chris- would induce the government to send tian Association."

the Pope's representative out of the A missionary from Chile also country. writes: A vast crowd of citizens, estimated "The students are in revolt again at 50,000, met in the capital and peti- and they are having nightly celebra- tioned the President of Chile for the tions and meetings of protest against nuncio's expulsion. Parades of pro- the government, which has bowed test were seen in the principal streets submissively to Rome and exculpated nearly every afternoon or evening. the inter-nuncio.

This is typical of the situation which "This time their slogan is 'La se- exists to-day in all South America. paracion de la iglesia del estado,' a .The educated classes, as a rule, are long step taken forward in that direc- indifferent to religion, and a con- tion as a result of their agitation and siderable proportion of them are even canvassing of public men.

ready to make a vigorous assault "The young men and young women upon the Church whenever, as an of to-morrow have begun a crusade in organization, it seems to interfere favor of liberty."

with the affairs of the State. REUGIOUS LIBERTY FOR PERU. A real religious refo~m is greatly AT last the Peru Congress has, by needed, and one source from which the needed inspiration will come may the overwhelming majority of 66 prove to be the influence of vital votes to four, voted in favor of an Christianity upon the i,5°O or more amendment of Article IV of the South American students now in the Constitution, which has so long colleges and professional schools of barred the door against the Gospel, the United States. The majority of and which reads: these students are nominal Catholics. "The nation professes the Apostolic Some are openly hostile or anti- Roman Catholic Religion; the State religious, but those who call them- protects it and does not permit the selves so are rather anti-Catholic or public exercise of any other."

anti-clerical, and consequently mani- This last clause has often been used fest little interest in religious ques- by the enemies of the Gospel as a tions or sympathy for the religious weapon against those who have life. Indifference or religious apathy sought to preach Christ in Peru. The is a phenomenon common to all Latin best of the Peruvian nation has felt youth. this to be a disgrace to their standing Professor Jose M. Rua, of the as a civilized people, and at last, National University of Buenos Aires, under the government of President who made an extensive tour among Billinghurst, it has been erased from the North American institutions the Statute Book.

where these men are studying, says: It is true that this amendment must "I do not hesitate to affirm that the receive the approbation of two suc- one Christian organization that can cessive Congresses ere it becomes a

fully established law. But it would demands of the situation, stand by at have to be a very drastic reaction the birth of a nation worthy of a indeed that would reverse such an permanent place in the family of expression of the will of the nation Christian nations."

as that to which they have given ut- terance. We have no reason to be- EVANGELICAL PROGRESS IN lieve that there will be any such re- FRANCE action. AN evangelistic conference recent- PLANS FOR THE PHILIPPINES ly held in Paris reminds those who are especially interested in evan- A NON – SECTARIAN organiza- gelistic work in France of a similar tion, which bears the somewhat conference held under the auspices of formidable name of the National the MeAI1 Mission twenty-six years Committee for Upbuilding the Wards ago, and emphasizes the advance that of the Nation, has been formed, has been made since that time. Then under the auspices of the Harmony preaching was unlawful in any other Club of America, to assist Bishop place than one of the established Brent in his work in the Philippines. churches; now state interference has The Bishop's plans take in the so- come to 'an end. I t has been possi- cial, industrial, educational and evan- ble to introduce more modern meth- gelical work among the million or ods of evangelistic work, such as the more pagan and Mora inhabitants. use of tents, chapel boats, etc. On He hopes to cure them of their the other hand, it is certain that dur- chronic ills, such as malaria, hook- ing these twenty-five years there has worm, black fever, and the like, and been a marked increase of infidelity teach them how to live so as to avoid among the people, the principal rea- the tropical diseases-most of which son being that the new generation are due not to climate but to unhy- has received secular education but gienic habits. has had very little moral training.

He plans to help them to found 01arles Grauss, the general secre- real homes and maintain civilized tary of the French Student Chris- communities until their savagery is tian Movement, exprest the opin- fully outgrown. ion at the Lake Mohonk conference The industrial work planned by that the rational evangelization of Bishop Brent is one of the chief fea- France can only he accomplished tures. He will work to the end of through the universities. He went making the Moros self-supporting and on to say, "It is now possible to masters of several trades and occu- make our ideal'S known to the French pations. students of our twenty university – What the Bishop's ideals are for centers; and thereby, little by little, the race may be gathered from his ad- we may win the popular crowds dress at the Lake Mohonk Indian which always follow the movement Conference: of the elite. Thus we may sow at "America has a great opportunity the heart of French influence a germ in the Philippines. She can, if she of Otristianity which will spread far pursues a course consonant with the into the world." .

NEW INTEREST IN PORTUGAL are being read by seekers who no longer fear the priest in their hearts. MISSIONARIES report that there is now manifest an unusual wil- VICTORY IN A MOSLEM TRIAL lingne'ss to hear the Gospel on the part THE progress of civilization is of the people in Portugal. In many sure to break down Moslem towns of the provinces of Minho, Trasos-Montes, and Beira Alta, evan- superstition and prejudice even if it gelistic meetings have been recently does not insure acceptance of Christ. held in local theaters. The audien~es were large and attentive. Remuner- Friends of missions to Moslems ation for the use of the theaters was will be interested in the result of the refused by several managers. At the trial of Sheikh Abdullah Abd al dose of the meetings Bibles and New Faadi for alleged defamation of Mo- Testaments were eagerly bought and hammed and his book. This recent religious tracts w.ere gratefully re- convert from Islam to Christianity ceived. was charged with using the ob- jectionable language one night last BIBLES BURNED IN SYRIA August, when some discussion arose between him and a crowd that had WHEREVER the Gospel of Christ gathered about him while he was is winning converts, there we sitting in a cafe in Cairo. Much bitterness was manifested by Mosmay expect opposition. When this lems in this trial but he escaped with is opposition to the Word of God, only a nominal sentence. The judge the evidence is clear that it comes imposed the payment of a fine of from the devil. A missionary in two pounds, altho it was in his power Beirut writes that in a nearby village to impose a fine of fifty pounds a Maronite priest recently made a ($25°.00) and imprisonment for one search for Bibles printed in the Bei- year. The testimony of the witnesses, rut Press, and threatened the peo- of whom there were seven or eight, ple with excommunication if they was that the man had declared that did not give up their books and Bi- the Koran was only a human compobles. After he had obtained all pos- sition, mostly of unknown authorsible he proceeded to burn the Bi- ship, that the prophet was a liar, a bles-an act which cast a sad light loyer of women, and that his religion on his own ignorant and blinded heart was false. The decision of the Mosand on the spiritual condition of the lem judge may be taken to mean poor people who follow such a blind either that he believed the Moslem leader of the blind. In another vil- witness to be testifying falsely and lage not an hour away a priest of did not fear to disregard their testithe same church recently had another mony, or that he did not consider the such burning of Bibles. Unfortu- language used to be really defamanately for them both, their own false tion. On whatever basis the decision teachings of the ethical variations of was made, the missionaries regard it truth encouraged many of their flock as a victory, and say that a few to conceal the truth and also the Bibles so that not a few remain and years ago it would hardly have been possible.

of a Tour of Asia*

REV. JAMES H. FRANKLIN, D.D., BOSTON, MASS. Secretary of the American Baptist Foreign Missionary Society.

HE Farther East has very great extent meeting there. A maelstrom is to be expected. I lTI become the Near East. To-day the Far East Eye Openers in Japan is one of the world's How little we understand Japan and the Japanese! How little we zones of greatest ac- understand their history and their . tivity, and it is rapidly modes of thought! Count Okuma, easily the leading publicist in Japan, becoming one of the largest centers made a very strong reply to my in- quiry. of influence. Of course, Americans "vViII you please tell me," I said, are sure that America is the center "how we can make a better contribu- tion to the religious development of of things; but that is because we live the Japanese?"

in America. I found a poor, igno- What do you suppose he said? Send over more missionaries? Build rant black boy in Africa, who could more 'Schools? Do more social work? No. He said: speak a little English, who was sure "Mr. Franklin, if you wish to do Africa was better than any part of more to help the Japanese, please send more missionaries who know America possibly could be. The something of the history of Japan, who know something of the religion Chinese and the Japanese do not for of Japan, who know something of the modes of thought of the Japanese." one moment consider America su- That led me to a claser study of perior to their own lands and they the Japanese, and my knowledge of their history, together with my obdo not for one moment envy us our serv~tions of their life, caused me to leave their shores with great adpale, faded-out skins. miration for them.

There is a great deal of provincial- Crossing the Pacific Ocean a very superficial woman said, "In America ism in all parts of the world. But it we do not like the Japanese because they do not make as good servants is fortunate that people in all parts as some other people." Now how would you like to have the Amerof the world can be grateful to God that they live in the best of all lands.

In China, they are sure they live in the Middle Kingdom and. the mis- sionary who goes to China to-day is sure he is in the center of things.

The late Dr. Greene, of Japan, said to me a few weeks ago, "I wish you would try to make the people in America understand that we are not on the outskirts, but right in the midst of the world's currents." It is true. We need not be disturbed be- cause there is disturbance in the Far East. The world's tides are to a 'Portions of an address delivered at No:rthfield, ~ass" in July, 1913, stenographically reporte,d,

icans judged by that same criterion? the Japanese had not shut out the The Japanese have those character- foreigner. At one time as many a'S istics of which we ourselves are I,ooo,OOO people in the Sunri~e Kingproud, tho we blame them for those dom called themselves Christians, and traits on which we pride ourselves. if there had been a program of disiVe say the Japanese are "cockey," interested service, if there had been since they defeated the Chinese and a non-partizan spirit, if missions and the Russians; we Americans call politics had been kept separate, Japan ourselves patriotic when we celebrate might to-day have been a Christian our victories. We say they are nation. "tricky" in business; we also say, "The Yankee is as shrewd as anyone What has happened in Japan within when it comes to commerce." The the last 60 years? Her civilization Japanese are called the Yankees of had been reta'rded for three centuries, the East. We say that they have a but no sooner were her doors opened feeling of self-sufficiency. So have than she sent her ~ons to the far the Americans. The truth is, we are corners of the earth to sit at the blaming the Japanese for possessing feet of other nations. The result the very characteristics on which we was that there is hardly any feature pride ourselves. of Western civilization which has not been copied, or improved upon, in The American tourist who thinks Japan. In the ordinary city or large at all of missions asks: "How many town they have ten free deliveries of stations have you?" "How many mail a day until ten o'clock at night. converts have you?" "What have There is free delivery to every farthe converts cost per capita?" No mer's hut and to every fisherman's one can study the religious situation cottage, in every corner of the Emin the Far East to-day who is meas- pire. The parcels post had become uring the success of Christianity old with them before we ever began merely by the number of people who it. As to raihyays, a notable differhave been brought into the churches. ence between the American and the The quiet leavening influence of Japanese systems is that the latter Christianity is the greatest result of almost never have collisions. Over missionary effort. This leavening in- there the killing of a passenger is an fluence is felt in many directions. exceedingly rare occurrence. In the matter of newspapers, in every .large We must understand something of city I was told that practically every that wonderful country, Japan, and family takes at least one daily paper, its history. Japan opened her gates and perhaps two, and if some Soloto the other nations of the world only mon says a foolish thing in America 60 years ago, after they had been about the Japanese, they read it toshut against the rest of the world morrow morning before breakfast; for 300 years.. Why? Because cer- but if something kind is said in tain so-called Christian nations of the America about the Japanese, the re- West were ambitious for territory in porters do not cable it. If Dr. Hamthe Far East. So far as history can ilton Wright Mabie makes a speech show, Japan might have been a col- in Tokyo on "World Peace" it is ony of a European nation· to-day if

OF A TOUR IN ASIA

in the Japanese papers the next day. train far north in the Hokkaido we But the most wonderful thing in had for a traveling companion a Japanese of ordinary appearance who Japan is the remarkable system of had eaten his rice with chop sticks education. In spite of the short pe- riod in which they have been at work and for hours had sat on his feet in on a modern system of schools, 95 per cent. of the children of school Japaonese fashion. He appeared to age are now enrol1ed. These are be only an ordinary man of the more ',he so-called "heathen" Japanese prosperous class, but there ,were some that we have been talking about. interesting books by his side. One They are 110t satisfied to teach only was in English, which he could read reading, writing and arithmetic in perfectly, tho he could not contheir schools. They are developing verse with IlS. The title of the Enhigh schools, colleges, and t1l1iversi- glish book was "The Study of Orities-and the universities of Japan gins," a work which deals with the are universities. I visited one with proLlem of knowledge, the problem 5,000 students. In the same city I of being, the problem of duty, the found another with 8,000, and still problem of religion, the problem of another with 9,000 students. The morality. He had studied Buddhism various departments of these univer- and philosophy,' but he had not yet sities compare favorably with simi- studied Christianity sufficiently to exlar departments in Europe and Amer- press an op1l1!On. A magazine by ica. There are chairs of compara- the side of the English book was the tive religions, and the professors are [<'rench "Revue Philosophique." A studying in a cold-blooded, scientific third volume was in Japanese, which spmt. They are comparing the vari- contained pictures of such men as Dr. ous systems of religious thought, G. Stanley Hall and Professor Ladd. ° hoping to select from each system When the French magazine was inthe best for the use of the J apancse spected his prompt query was, "Parpeople. lez vous Fran<.;ais?" Psychology and /,ragrnatism were familiar words Japanese Studying Religion with him and when he learned that the strangers were from America his Another thing worthy of note: You first query was: "Do you know Prowill find in the libraries of these fessor Villiam James, who wrote the universities not only Japanese books, "Varieties of Religious Experience?" but many of the world's best books vVhen a visitor has encountered a in other languages. On the shelves few characters of this type, he beof libraries of colleges and univer- gins to wonder if any nation ever sities are many high grade· books furnished a parallel to the situation that are not found in some of our in Japan, where many educated lead- Christian' schools in America. Pro- ers are seeing the need of better refessor William James's "Varieties of ligious thought and are quietly read- Religious Experience" is very popu- ing the world's religious books for lar. themselves.

But it would be a mistake to as- On one occasion, on a train in sume that only the educated leaders Japan, an educated young man 111 are studying religion. On a railway

foreign dre<:s, noting my inability to was not comparable with that of the speak the Japanese tongue, offered Nazarene, for Jesus was what you his services. When he discovered people call God Incarnate." that I was from Boston, he at once told me that he had received his It had become proper for me to scientific education in the University ask him what was his own religious of Boston. He asked if I had known attitude. He replied at once, "1 ac- cept Christianity. I am not a mem- Dr. A. J. Gordon, and if I had ever ber of any church, but I take Chris- tianity as the compass of my life." visited Northfield. He had been much When he was asked, if Japan would interested in Northfield, he declared, ultimately accept the principles of where he had heard D. L. Moody, Christianity, he replied, with Ameri- A. J. GordQn, Henry Drummond and can emphasis, "Sure," and added, others. He wished to know who had "Japan may not accept Western ectaken Mr. Moody's place. clesiastical forms; we may not ac- cept the theological systems of the In the course of our conver.sation West; but the principles of Chrishe gave me a most remarkable and tianity are sure to triumph, they are interes.ting interpretation of the death sure of ultimate acceptance in Jaof General Nogi, whom he pictured pan." He continued: "You used a as the most righteous man in Japan good illustration a moment ago. You at the time of his death. "Nogi," said said it is not your chief concern to he, "was at heart a Christian. Bud- fix the theological thought of the dhism could not have produced such a Japanese, but that your chief conman. There was no nobler man in cern is to point the people of the Far all our land than Nogi, caring for East to the Rock, Christ Jesus, the poor and distrest wherever it whence the gold of all the world's rewas possible, and leaving not a yen ligious thought may be mined; that to his own credit in the bank at the it is our privilege to take this gold time of his death, having used even into the mints of our own minds and his army pension for the relief of hearts and consciences, under the suffering." General Nogi's suicide, guidance of God's Holy Spirit, and he declared, was the use of an old coin it with such image and super- Japanese method of protest against scription as will best express the existing conditions. "I think Nogi Japanese adoration and devotion. I felt," said he, "that if he lived 20 think that is what will be done." years longer he could do nothing to stem the tide of immorality that was Count Okuma said to me at the setting in. .He saw that immorality close of a long interview, tho he was affecting both the s.tudent classes himself is not an avowed Christian: and the army forces. If he should "The leading educated men of Japan give his life, his death would be in- are thirsty for new religion. They terpreted as a protest against con- see clearly that the old religious sysditions which he had attempted to tems are not sufficient-a more conchange." With tremendous eloquence crete faith is necessary to moral dehe exclaimed, "I tell you, Nogi died velopment." At a reception given in for Japan as truly as Jesus of Naza- my honor, there were a number of reth died for all mankind. His death

OF A TOUR IN ASIA

J a pan e s e university professors, adopted, but I be1ievewith all my soul in the ultimate triumph of Chris- Ph.Dd.'s from Harvard, Yale, and tianity in the Far East. Cambridge. The substance of their remarks was this: The Eastern Reli,iona "The Western forms wiII not tri- I have returned with increased reumph here, but the leaven of Chris- spect for the peoples of the Far East tianity has already accomplished and with increased unwillingness to much in the Empire. As an illustr2.- speak slightingly of the religion of tion, it has given a new content to any people who are trying to find many words in 011r vocabulary. The God. Their religious thought does word love was carnal in its meaning not necessarily represent enmity toin the days of our boyhood; now it ward God, but rather their attempt has come to have a new meaning. to reach out, if haply they may find It now has the Christian content." Him. Dr. Timothy Richard, that great missionary in China, said in one vVe must send our best men and of Dr. Mott's conferences, "God hath our best women to this Empire, to not left Himself without witness in the Japanese, who by reason of their any nation." If you do not believe own achievement are entitled to the that, your quarrel is not with Dr. respect and the confidence of the Richard. It is with the New Testaworld. We must think of them as ment. Put two verses togeth~r and our brothe'rs. you will find that God hath not left Himself without witness among any I have returned from Asia with people. Moreover, He is the Light some decidedly pleasing impressions. which lighteth every man that cometh Christianity has been planted in the into the world. Surely, there is some Far East. Every missionary might light in Confucianism. Whence came be recalled from Japan, and leading this light? Christ is not a rival of men amI numerous students would go Confucius. "I have come not to deon studying Christianity. There is stroy, but, to fulfil," said Jesus. It a great need for more missionaries is the mission of those who sit 111 of the right type; but as surely as the sunlight of the love of God as we are here, Christianity has been manifested through Jesus Christ, to planted there. They have seen His give to those who sit in the starlight star in the East, and while it is true or the moonlight that better light that many are encamped on the plains which has come to us from the Sun of darkness, it is also true that some of Righteousness. have journeyed to Bethlehem, while still others are saying, "Let us go I have returned almost staggered and see for ourselves." I have re- at the difficulties of our task, and turned with great confidence in the sobered by its magnitude. I have ultimate triumph of Christianity.. In wandered among pagodas and temspite of our mistakes, God has used ples a thousand, thirteen hundred our efforts. It may be necessary for years old, and have been over- God to use other efforts than those whelmed as I thought of the generawhich we are putting forth. It may tions whose feet had worn smooth be necessary for Him to use other plans than those which we have

the paths of stone. I shall never for- the idea prevails in Western lands get standing by the side of a grave that China's movements are so gen- 4,000 years old, said to be the eral and so progressive' that it is im- burial place of the first emperor of possible to exaggerate. It is impos- China. "There," thought I, "those sible to exaggerate concerning the ashes have been resting ever since" meaning of the political revolution or according to the old chronology, the missionary evolution in China. Abraham heard the cry, 'Up, and get But do not be misled into believing thee out of thine own country into that an empire of four thousand the land that I shall show thee.'" years has in a day become a stable While those ashes have been resting republic, and has discarded on every there, most of what we call the story hand the superstition of four milof the world has been written. Al- lenniums. China has a long, hard most everything that we know of road ahead. Her leaders are awake. Jewish history has transpired within The new order is much in evidence that time. This grave has been there in such centers as Canton, Shang!ni, twice as long as historic Christianity Hankow and Peking. But there are has existed. Multitudes and multi- vast regions in the interior where the tudes have been bowing' before this republic is hardly more than a name, grave for forty centuries. Yet many and the people in general are densely appear to believe that the aged ignorant of the real meaning of deshrines will totter at the blast of a mocracy. There are regions where Gospel trumpet from beyond the superstition is as strong as before. seas; that systems of ,eligion will be Dut unquestionably the attitude of the surrendered at the first oral procla- masses is changing, China can never mation of a strange message, and that get back to the old ways. The birth nations will immediately break their of the republic has been attended by idols and form Christian churches convulsions more horrible than we after '1estern models. could possibly realize. The days of fire and blood may not yet be ended. China, Old and New It is certain, however, that a new China has been born whose ambition China! China! China! Who is pre- it is to be a nation like those of the pared to speak of the China of to- West. Do not be disturbed i,f a day? Read a book, and' one must cable tells us to-morrow that revoluspeak; spend a few months there, and tion has occurred in this or that one hardly dares to speak lest what province. Revolutions in China may he says to-day appear altogether fool- be but incidents in her evolution. ish to-morrow. Moreover, he learns that what is true of one section may How came this new republic? At not be true of another. It is not Hanyang I climbed to the top of the safe to say that a well-developed ridge from which the fires of revomovement in one province has even lution first blazed forth. Just in made a beginning in another. front of a Christian hospital are two immense cement tombs where one or Much that is being written about two thousand revolutionary soldiers the new republic to-day is amusing were hurriedly buried. On the two when it is read in China. Somehow

OF A 'fOUR IN

imlllense graves arc these words: might still do a great deal to re- "Spirits of Fire and Blood." Their establish her moral position.

names are not known. "Spirits of Inquirers in China Fire and Blood." In Canton, called by some the Back of this sacrifice was leader- greatest city of Asia, I attended one of the theater meetings 'conducted ship. Back of the leadership was in- for students by Dr. John R. Mott. spiration. Vhence came this new For several nights in succession, as impulse? Passing through Europe a many as twenty-five hundred students few days ago I chanced to pick up a gathered in a theater. It was notable copy. of the London Daily Mail of that there was not a queue in evi- May 5, containing an article by Lord dence. The student classes of China William Gascoyne-Cecil on "The Op- have broken with the past. One misportunity in China," from which I sionary who attended the meeting clipt these words: Now they are breaking up the idol said that ten years ago he would not temples, the old heathen festivals of have believed such a thing possible the seasons are dying quickly, and in so short a time. At the concluwill be as dead as our Mayday, and sion of the series of meetings, 800 China will soon be without a religion students of the Canton schools beunless she becomes Christian. She is becoming Christian, but she still came inquirers, and signed cards on needs our help. In this matter I have which they promised to read the New a little quarrel with my countrymen. Testament and to pray every day, and You may notice that nine-tenths of to follow the teachings of Christ as the men who are leading this revolu- far as reason and conscience comtion have had their inspiration from American mission schools, with the mended His teachings as true. The result that America has a great moral mission school occupies a large place position in China. Now the English in the present day in China. Every have always had bigger interests in China, and their missionaries were mission academy or college that I there long before the Americans, visited is turning away students. One their flag is much better known, but academy with splendid building, they did not believe in educating the which last year enrolled only IS, had young Chinaman, with the result that 60 applications this year-their full all the leading young men went to the American missions and not to capacity. A single college turned the English. Now we are doing a little, but still we are far behind away 50 students because there was no room to accommodate them. If America, and the real future of Cb.ina I were going to China to-day as a depends on the American-trained teacher in a mission school, I am not Chinese. It was a great mistake that a con- sure but that I would be as willing to teach science as theology. In the stitutional monarchy did not take the theological school of one of the m03t place of the despotic Emperor; the young Chinese quite wrongly deter- successful missions, we found that mined to create a new China after students for the ministry were taught the model of the United States; it astronomy, that they might learn that would have been far better if more marty of the phenomena of nature of the reformers had been trained are due, not to evil spirits, but to under English influences. But it is "never too late to mend"; England natural causes. Physics and chemis-

try are helping to eradicate belief in to reproduce Western denominationspirits and dragons, and these studies, alism, but to plant Christianity. For in removing old superstitions which days these men and women conferred have been wrecking China, are pre- on questions of vital importance, and paring their minds for the reception the results of these meetings will be of spiritual truth. Many have be- felt for many decades. lieved that we are under no obligation to educate-that we. must preach These conferences confirmed what the Gospel quickly to every creature; I felt before-that the day is at hand but I say without reservation that when sectarianism is bound to fail in so far as I could judge, the denom- the Far East, and I have returned inations which are now in position to from my tour prepared to say that do most for the regeneration of China sectarianism ought to fail in the Far are the denominations that have done East. Who am I, that I should acmost, not merely in training assistants cept responsibility for fixing the for their missionaries, but who have theological thought for the Chinese also done much in general education and the Japanese? He who is winand have placed responsibility upon ing to do so assumes much respon- Chinese who are to-day able to lead sibility. It is enough to give them the people. Christ, and let them interpret Him for themselves. Tho am I, that 1 You have heard of the conferences should consider my view the last held around the world. I attended word in the interpretation of Christ? several of the conferences held in With all my soul, I believe that the China by Dr. John R. Mott, as sec- Chinese and Japanese, by their conretary of the Continuation Commit- tributions, will make the crown of tee of the Ed,inburgh Missiorary Con- Christ more resplendent, and with all ference. The national gathE'ring was my heart I believe that it is their privilege to interpret Him for themattended by I 15 rnen and women selves. They will take this privilege, (foreign mis~ionaries and Chinese whether you and I grant it or 11ot, leaders), who represented perhaps as many as 30 different denominations, and personally I am grateful for that and fully as many d'ifferent mission- independence of spirit which is beary organizations. They were picked coming more and more manifest. men and women from every great section of the new republic, who had In the conferences, there was no come together in a spirit of unity, to demand whatever that we sink our hail the Name that is above every distinctive convictions-no demand, name. These men and women had as some one says, that we reduce come together first of all because of our theology to the lowest common the spirit of unity in their hearts. denominator. On the other hand, They had also corne together with there is insistence that everyone a consciousness that the task is too shall be loyal to his own interpretagreat for anyone branch of the tion of Christ, and that each de- Christian Church. Moreover, many nomination shall contribute loyally had come with the conviction that and frankly that interpretation with their chief business in China was not which it has been able to bless the world. At the same time there is

OF A TOUR IN ASIA

an insistent demand on the part of ing that the churches of the city the Chinese and on the part of many meet and pray for the republic." Was missionaries, that no denominational it possible? Thirteen years ago these name shall be placed ahead of the very streets were running with the Name of Jesus Christ. Speaking blood of Christians. Thirteen years figuratively, there is a wide-spread ago, in the terrible Boxer uprising, tendency to write the Name of Christ which was primarily anti-foreign and in large capitals over the name of only secondarily anti-Christian, these every Christian church in China, and very walls were mounted with cannon the denominational name in small let- turned upon the legation quarters in ters below. The National Conference, which the foreign missionaries and which represented so many denomina- many Christians found refuge while tions, unanimously recommended that waiting for two months the arrival of the congregations in China should the foreign soldiers. All day the 'take as a common name, "The Church words kept coming-Hanly 13 years of Christ in China," the denomina- ago." tional designation being secondary. Cooperation is the need of the hour At the morning hour I worshiped in China. There is no wide-spread with a Chinese congregation. Only demand for a union which means the 13 years ago 200 members of this surrender of conviction. It is under- band gave their lives rather than deny stood that each denomination must Christ. The assistant pastor who sound forth what it believes to be its took part in the service that morning God-given message. The oratorio of lost wife and children, father and Redemption will never be sounded mother, brothers and sisters,-just forth merely by everyone giving up 13 years ago. My heart was throbhis convictions. On the other hand, bing as I looked upon him. And we we shall never hear the oratorio at had been calling them rice Christians! its best so long as some insist upon I was asked to go to the Methodist playing their own instruments far off compound and take part in the serin one corner, and others insist upon vice which was to be held at the replaying their instruments elsewhere quest of the Minister of Foreign Afin their little corners. We shall fairs. Singularly enough, the meetcreate a true symphony by sounding ing was held on the Methodist comtrue notes, and by sounding them in pound where the missionaries and love and harmony. Cooperation is Chinese Christians first assembled at the word, and I believe it is born of the outbreak of the persecution that God. cost the lives of 200 foreign mis- sionaries and 30,000 Chinese Chris- A Great Day in Peking tians. We have not even yet begun to realize the sufferings of those days On my last Sunday in China I was -only 13 years flgo. A few' rods greeted by these words : "You are in distant was the British legation where Peking on a great day. The first many missionaries and Chinese Chris- National Assembly has just opened, tians found protection behind the and to-day the Minister of Foreign breastworks during the long siege, Affairs, a Christian man, is request- while a handful of foreign soldiers

on the stone walIs stood between full y understand this,· and hope that Christianity may be promoted, and them and death. A part uf the wall we come with this expression of goodwill to this gathering of Chinese has been left unrepaired, still bear- which has met here for prayer for the nation at this important time of ing the marks of shot and shell, and its reorganization."

overhead these words: "Lest we ,for- A veteran missionary whispered to me: "Thirteen years ago we could get." not have believed this possible." I looked out over the large assembly I expected a meeting of a hundred and in my heart I asked, "Who are they, Lord, and whence came they?" or two hundred Christians in a small Then came the answer: "These are they that came out of the great triburoom on the Methodist compound. lation and they washed their robes But no, the place oi meding is the and made them white in the blood of the Lamb." fine house of worship which seats That meeting was the beginning of fifteen hundred, and the house filled. the wider movement in which the On the platform besides the mis- President of the RepUblic requested all the Christians to pray. I know not sionaries and church pastors were what motive may have prompted gov- ernment officials in their part in the representatives of the Chinese gov- latter movement, but I know that the movement was Christian in its odgin, ernment. A senator, edt1cated in and that whatever the motives may have been, it is a marvel of marvels America by a member of our own that within I3 years the despised Christians have been asked to pray Board of Managers, prays with for the new RepUblic. This one cir- cumstance is sufficient in itself to broken and sobbing voice, mention- call the Christian forces of the world to most heroic endeavor. My brothers ing in his prayer that Washington and sisters, surely the hour has struck: Are we ready for it? and Lincoln both prayed in the times Ve know that in a chemical exof nati':mal distress. A representa- periment there is a time when all tive of President Yuan Shih-Kai depends upon the proper contribution being made at ju~t that moment. If spoke these words: that moment slips by, it can not be recalled. This is the moment in the "I am here representing President Far East when it appears that the Yuan Shih-Kai and Mr. Lu Cheng- proper contribution will produce the hsiang, the Minister of Foreign Af- greatest results ever Seen in mission fairs. Both the President and Mr. endeavor. Lu take interest in this meeting which has been called for special prayers for the nation at this time. The old book says that the root is in the heart and if the heart is right, the man will be right, and so the family and so the whole nation. It is the power of religion that is necessary today. Christianity has come to China for now over one hundred years. It was born in Judea and spread all over the world. Altho under a republic there is equality in religIOn, the President and Mr. Lu realize that Christianity has done very much for China. Christians are not regarded now, as under the Manchu Dynasty, as a special class by themselves, but as citizens of the Republic, and their work has done much to promote morality among the people of this land. The President and Mr. Lu

AN N UAL MEETING OF THE METHODIST MISSION IN INDIA IN

(Mr. and Mrs. Rutler a rc in the center in front .of the Indian who holds the end of the Aag) The Mother of Two Missions A SKETCH OF MRS. WILLIAM BUTLER, MISSIONARY TO INDIA AND MEXICO BY LILLY RIDER GRACEY Author of T has been said of the leading churches. A call was there- fore sent out for men to open work l aI ~ Corsican, that the fra- in India. For three years the appeal . grance of the flowers was made and then there was but of his native land so one response and that was by Dr. ~ enters into his nature William Butler. H e accepted the that wherever he goes, perilous, arduous post with heroic this fragrance tells his presence and enthusiasm and his no less heroic his nationality. Whether on two wife shared gladly the hardships and foreign fields, India and Mexico, in responsibilities with him. both of which with her husband she pioneered, or in the homeland, there The journey that such steamers was a fragrance about the personality as the Lusitania and the modern and presence of Mrs. William Butler Mediterranean express service make that showed she belonged. to all na- possible in 21 days, then took five tions of the earth-the title once weary months. On April 9, 1856, bestowed upon her, that of "Empress the Butlers began a nearly halfof India Missions," 'did not encircle year's journey, sailing from Boston. her interests, so world-wide were Small, poorly-equipped steamers, hot they, so human-hearted was she. days crossing the desert to Suez, before the days of any Suez Canal, For some years it was felt by added discomfort instead of pleasures intelligent members of the Methodist to their travels. Their chosen field Episcopal Church, that the long delay was the beautiful Gangetic Valley, toof American Methodists in entering gether with the adjacent hill range the foreign mission field presented a on the east and north-a tract of cause of reproach, when contrasted Jndia nearly as large as England, with the active efforts of the other

and containing more than 18.000,000 days they journeyed on to find refuge of people. Here the city of BareiIIy at Naini Tal, a valley encircling a was selected for the mission station. beautiful lake, picturesque among the Just ten weeks before .the Sepoy Himalaya mountains, with the snowy Rebellion broke out,the young man range of the Himalayas In the distance. WILLIAM BU TLER "Dr. Butler was just the mall and his bride settled down for work needed at that time," said an obin their new home. A valued library server of those epoch-making days. of a thousand volumes was put in "A cautious or a timid man would place, and the missionaries began a have hesitated, and the opportunity study of the people and language. would possibly have been lost to lay Ten weeks later the comfortable the broad foundations that were laid home and its contents were t:onsigned for mission work." A brief time to flames, and the two workers of after the arrival at Naini Tal, Dr. undaunted bravery were homeless, Butler hacla little congregation about hunted for their lives in the adjoin- him, and started a day school for ing mountains. The English army bazaar children, in whom Mrs. Butler commanded them to leave quickly was interested. A sheep house standand unseen as the Rebellion became ing on a hill side, was cleared out, a fact. Hastily they started under whitewashed, fitted up with benches, the cover of the night, moving off and turned into a miniature chapel by the light of a mussalchee's torch. at a cost of $4.36- the first Metho- They traveled in palanquins. Dark- dist Church edifice in India. ness, tigers and elephants were about them as they passed through the III a few months the Rebellion was terai, a belt of deep jungle. During over and Nana Sahib, the Cruel, was the flight they slept at night in tents, with great log fires· kept burning by DR. AN D MRS. B UTLER'S HOME IN EAREILLY" the natives to keep away the wild beasts of the forest. For several himself a fugitive in the wilds of the terai. Dr. and Mrs. Butler were permitted to return to Bareilly, and 'Courtesy of the Missionary Education Movement.

MOTHER OF TWO MISSIONS

a very romance of missions is seen sympathies and energies. During the in the opportunity which came in following five years, with the aid of DelhI for Dr. and Mrs. Butler to sit nearly 20 more missionaries from the on the famous crystal throne in the homeland, the Methodist mission esaudience chamber of the Great Mo- tablished work in almost a dozen guls and watch the trial of the con- cities of Northwest India, erected spirators of the mutiny, and hear the mISSion homes, school buildings, decree of banishment for the Em- chapels, churches, and founded a peror of Delhi, the last of the Mo- publishing house, the property value guls, Mrs. Butler being the only going into thousands of dollars. American woman who had ever seen During these years Mrs. Butler worked the face of the Empress of Delhi. untiringly for the women and girls.

THE BAREItLY THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY This is located in the city where Methodist work in India began While sitting on that throne Dr. "Our early congregations in India Butler took out paper and pencil and from r8S7 to r86r," wrote Dr. Butwrote the notable appeal called, "The ler, "had in one sense a melancholy Throne of the Great Mogul," in aspect. "Voman was not there. which he pleaded for the support of British arms might abolish thrones, the orphans who would be left as a annihila,te sovereignties, overthrow result of all these months of war- great armies and give peace to a fare. "If you take them, you will bleeding land, but all that done, think of them," he wrote. "If yOlt there remained to be accomplished a pay for them, you will pray for mightier conquest which their swords them." A hearty response was made could not achieve, a victory to be by Methodism to this appeal and won which required a far different a girls' orphanage was founded, to agency for its consummation. That which Mrs. Butler directed her agency was woman. Her gentle hand,

THE :lISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WCmU) I Janua]')'

her Christian teaching must be the vealeCl the agency that He had in powerful nl.inistry to lead her be- reserve to meet the emergency and nfghted sisterhood to become the en- to complete His plan. The Woman's lightened 'Daughters of the Al- Foreign Missionary Societies weI l: mighty.' " organized; when the zenana doors were at last opening, when the gov- Marvelous health Mrs. Butler bad ernment was ready to welcome them during the vicissitudes of climate and gladly, when the appropriate native the coming in contact with contagious agency required had been made diseases, when many times she per- ready to keep them; when the requisonally nursed those with cholera, site funds were available for their and small-pox, but after nine years schools anc! orphanages, anc! when (he two indefatigable workers came the field was all their own and every back to America for rest. Soon after ohstacle had been removed out of they had taken up their residence in the way of their work and useful- Boston, two influential women repre- ness; then they came to render the senting the Congregational Churches service which they alone coulc! accalled to ask their opinion on complish." lVoman's missionary societies. They orgahized a society in 1868, with Vhen the Woman's Society became Mrs. Butler's words and presence to an institution, it gave scope for lIrs. help launch it. Butler's executive ability, organiz- ing power and zeal, and she was in Filled with enthusiasm on that demand in many directions to help occasion, Mrs. Butler attempted to promote the cause. Few women secure similar action among Metho- knew the story of Nations as she dist women the following spring. Co- did. This organization has grown operating with her with equal zeal to marvelous strength, haying in the and purpose was Mrs. Edwin W. past year an income of $9II,337, a Parker of India, who at the time total of more than ~T4,OC>O,000. Durwas in America, and the two enlisted ing the forty-four years of its histhe interest of some women of means tory, these have been contributed and social prominence, the result be- through the society, and it has maining a meeting called for organization tained over 400 women missionaries in Tremont Street Church, Boston, on the foreign field. March 23, 1869. Only eight women were present, but a forcible presen- In 1873 Mrs. Butler accompanied tation of the purpose resulted in an her husband to Mexico, where she effective organization. again shared with him the task of fOllnding a mission of their Church. Eloquently Dr. Butler wrote of Here she had the nnique experience this action and the opportunity pre- of making a home in part of the hissented in these words: "As 1869 toric building which was once the approached, and the success of the palace of the Emperor Moctezuma, great hopes that had been awakened and was afterward part of the great in the heart of India for the enlight- monastery of· the Franciscans-the enment of one-sixth of all the women missionary monks of the Catholic on earth, as well as for women in Church. Later, after the sequestraall unevangelized climes, God re-

MOTHER OF TWO MISSIONS

MRS. BUTLER WITH NATIVE INDIA PREACHERS IN 1906* tion of the monasteries by the Liber- in its various schools in that country. al Government, it has been in turn a After opening that field Dr. and circus 'and theater, and, as the fana- Mrs. Butler retired from strenuous tical press put it "Each time worse." activities. A rare treat was then ar- Then it became a Methodist Mission ranged for them-at no expense to House. Mrs. Butler also rejoiced to them, or their Board, they were persee a band of earnest Christians wor- mitted to revisit India. . What changes shiping in the former Examining had taken place! How they were Chapel of the Inquisition in the City thrilled with the sights of progress of Puebla. Here she received into · development and adoption of western her own home the first orphan girl ideas! On and up through India they to come into the care of the Mis- sped, but the climax of their journeysion, which now has 5,000 <;hildren 'CQurtesy of th~ Missionary Education Movement.

ings was reached in Bareilly, where penetrated the dense jungle through as a feature of the welcome their which they had made their famous train arriving near midnight was escape, and that Methodist missions met by nearly 300 girls from the were extending their ministry over orphanage founded 20 years before, some of the Terai population and and by a company of students from that there was singing of hymns and a flourishing Theological Seminary, holding of services by the humble besides natives without number, dwellers in the Jungle. members of the churches. The year 1906 was Jubilee year of Thrilling is the pell-picture the two Methodist missions in India. A gave of a feature of the return visit large company of Americans atto historic Lucknow. "To us," they tended. Mrs. Butler, tho 86, made wrote, "it was a surprise to see the the trip, and was naturally a central preparations made for open meetings figre in the celebration. At an age under the trees in one of the large when very few women would have centers of the city, municipal authori- gone beyond the shadow of their ties granting the privilege. This in own home she crossed the seas and Lucknow! And these were the people endured the fatigues of nearly five who resisted Havelock, and aimed to days of trying railway travel from destroy everything English and Tuticorin to Bareilly, that she might Christian in 1857! The sons and look upon this scene. Seated on the daughters of the Sepoy race holding ground there gathered before her an meetings in the center of the Sepoy audience of about 3,000 people- Capital 1 This in Lucknow 1 The fact some of the fruits of the prayers and kept constantly recurring to onr toils and tears of the years gone, minds. What would Havelock have while he by whose side she first enthought had this scene been foretold tered this city, was waiting over him! yonder, with the thousands who had already been garnered in. With a "On Sabbath, from seven o'clock clear voice which could be heard in in the morning till half-past ten at every corner of the great tent she night, service after service, at brief declared: intervals, filled up the hours. Never had we seen so many native Chris- "The idols He shall utterly abolish, tians together. The women ,were as and tho the Himalayas be five miles ready as the men. The locality and high and the ocean five miles deep, its antecedents made the scene seem this earth of ours shall yet be as full more wonderful than it could be of the glory of God as the face of elsewhere. At the sacramental ser- the deep is of water." vice there was no caste. The American, the English, the Sikh, the Ro- Heaven seemed very near to all in hilla, the Eurasian, along with the that sublime hour. Fifty years ago varieties of caste from the Brahmin there was no one to welcome the to the pariah, sharing in the ele- first missionary into this city. Now ments. The central figures at one 110t only are 3,000 native Christians table were a Rajah and his wife." on the ground, but' the' municipal au- The visitors saw that Christianity had thorities sent a most remarkable wel-

MOTHER OF TWO MISSIONS

come. This shows the wonderful from Burma, the men from the changes that God has wrought. Malay country, the men from the wilderness, the men from the far No building in the city of Bareilly hill country, even from Tibet, the chosen for the Jubilee was large men of the strong Marathi race and enough to contain all that wished the stout-hearted folk of Rajputana to attend; so great tents were joined joined with the men and women of together until a tabernacle was made the Hindu and Mohammedan provlarge enough to shelter 3,000, that inces of Northern India with one came to represent the membership accord in the song- of victory, it was of the Church of I90,000 with a con- like a second Pentecost!" stituency sufficient to bring up the number under the banner planted in One of the Jubilee events was the 1856, to a quarter of a million. laying of the cornerstone of a hospi- BUTLER MEMORIAL BUILDING IN BARODA, INDIA At the opening service of the tal bearing the name of Mrs. Butler, jubilee, when Mrs. Butler' entered, and another was a reception held in the great company sprang to its feet the palace of the Nawab of Rampore by a common impulse, while the who had offered it for that purpose Indian song leader flung his tam- -a significant contrast from the days bourine in the air and burst into of r856! the native Christian hymn, "Jai Prabu Yesu"-"Victory to Jesus." Not only at a Jubilee in the Ori~nt was Mrs. Butler a conspicuous figure, "This is wonderful," whispered but also in the climax meetings of one next to her. "To you it is the notable Jubilee of woman's forwonderful! To me it is a miracle!" eign missionary societies held in exclaimed Mrs. Butler. Speaking of 19IO, in New York City, when from the gathering afterward she said, the platform of the Fifth Avenue "As the men from Bengal, the men Presbyterian Church, her voice rang

out clear and clarion-like as she the heroic for the Christian is to closed a brief address on missionary be found in the foreign missionary work, exclaiming, "It's the grandest service. Will not the Church of to- thing in the world!" day be justified in looking to the The last appeal of Mrs. Butler for young women of rich opportunities India was written in her 93rd year for recruits for the world-wide war- and was made to the heroic spirit of fare? It is not to a sacrifice of death, young American women. She began but to the "living sacrifice" the Mas- with the following words: ter calls in thousands of places of "It was my fortune some time ago need, in the new China, the hoary to hear a student from India. at one India, behind the veiled doors of of our great universities, say that ?Ioslelll homes. "I beseech you, the British, by prohibiting suttee, therefore, present yuur bodies," your had extinguished the heroic spirit ill talents, your culture to this noble India. Suffice it to say that he was work, to be an acceptable sacrifice!

not a Christian. There waS little When I came into this world there sympathy with his views apparently, were few places where a woman and one was tempted to inquire if could work in special organized the heroic in national life depended service for the Church. To-day there on the immolation. of living beings is a place for every talent, every gift, on the funeral pyre, why the exercise for every character, to find its highest of that virtue had been confined riches in the ranks of the army of through the ages to one sex? the living God."

May we not farther presume that Mrs. Dutler's closing years were if such privi:ege had been conferred spent in her home in Newton Center, on the husband as well as on the M:assachusetts, which was the center wife, the spirit of the Hindu people of missionary inspiration to workers would have been strong enough to not only of her own church but of repel the invaders who, from the be- other denominations. Up to within ginning of history, have made the a year she was constant in her at- fair land of Hindustan their spoil? tendance at rileetings, and up to her The change which we see coming last days she used her pen and voice, all over the world in the removal of especialIy in the endeavor to lead age-long restrictions upon woman- others to enlist in missionary service.

hood doubtless ushers in a new era She was greatly gifted in prayer, when she shall have greater privileges and was called upon for such service and, therefore, infinitely greater re- at every missionary meeting she at- sponsibilities. While the home life tended. Any who ever heard her shall always be her deepest concern, thus talk with God, felt indeed that she will not be excused from a wider ,they had been in an "Upper Room."

sympathy which shall take in the Such saints never die, but after their civic needs and the world-wide en- translation live on here below, still terprises. It has been well said that doing over again their work of in- the greatest field for the exercise of spiration and helplessness.

the War In the

BY REV. GEORGE D. HERRICK, D.D. Formerly Missionary of the American Board in Constantinople ~~""'-'-"II?lJJEGINNING ~ith the and the third between Turkey and last ten weeks of 1912 Greece. Turkey is not expelled from there have been a se- Europe after all. She has pushed ries of events in the back her western border sixty· miles Turkish Empire that beyond the line drawn in London. have been unparalleled She once more possesses her ancient capital, Adrianople. in human history. Var, fierce, bloody, pitiless; the four Balkan The most important results that states victorious over their old op- have emerged from the horrible conpressor, the Turk, whom they almost fusion as the black clouds and the drove out of Europe; then "peace"- thunderings roll away are the followwhen lo! the victors began fighting ing: among themselves over the division of the spoils. The ferocity exhibited I. The sacrifice of human life has was more brutal than was exhibited been frightful. Little Montenegro, on either side in the first Balkan with a population of a quarter of ;. war. Even unarmed men, women, million, acknowledges a loss of 10,000 children, by thousands fell victims to men, one in 25 of the entire populathe blood-lust of men gone mad In tion. Reckoning the population of an unchecked riot of wild carnage. our country at 90,000,000, imagine a war lasting a few months, and think The Turks have complained, with what it would mean if 3,600,000 much reason, that the Great Powers young men were to be killed m batof "Christian" Europe make treaties tie! If the loss of men disabled for with the weaker states but to break life be added to those killed, the them the moment their own interests sacrifice of Bulgaria in human life fail to be served by those states, es- falls little short of that of Montepecially when the states in question negro in proportion to the population are Moslem. of the country. The same holds true of Servia. The losses of the Turkish In July the Turks seized the op- army in battle and by disease are portunity to set in motion a large, probably a quarter of a million. newly organized army, and by forced marches crossed the Enos-Media line The number of young men, the and, in defiance of the mandate of flower of their several races, lost to Europe, retook and permanently oc- peaceful industry by these wars, will cupied Kirkkilisse and Adrianople. reach close on a million, a ghastly result, a frightful devastation. Then followed three peace settlements, the first between Rumania, 2. All the states involved in the Bulgaria, Servia and Greece, the sec- war are now on the ragged edge ond between Turkey and Bulgaria, of bankruptcy. It will take many

years, even if the bitter hatreds fos- radical reforms in their gOYernmental tered by the strife are held in leash, administration, in education, and in for those peoples to recover financial- developing the resources of their ly from the effects of the flghting. country. They will urge very co- 3. The actual suffering all throu·gh gently upon the Powers of Europe South-Eastern Europe and Asia consent to two changes which will Minor, as the direct result of the materiaUy increase their revenue, war, is quite beyond the conception of viz., the increase of custom dues from Americans. "There was not a house II . to IS per cent., and the abolition where there was not one dead.·' Yes, of all foreign post offices. The lat- and in many houses, not one but two ter can be done only by the appoint- and three; in one house, seven vacant ment of foreigners as the heads of places are reported. The desolated their post office at Constantinople and homes are filled with mourning. in the seaboard towns.

Gaunt famine follows in the wake of The reform of the judiciary will be war. most difficult and will take most time.

4. The folly of all congratulatior. The point of danger will Le in the over the "Christian" alliance of the unwillingness of the Young Turks to Balkan states has become manifest. accord to their Christian fellow-coun- The ambition of Bulgaria to domi- trymen that degree of leadership nate the Balkan peninsula has been which their intelligence calls for, rudely shattered. and respect for that reasonable 5. Greece has gained more and lost national aspiration which those illus- less than any of the other states in~ trious races, the Armenian and the volved in the struggle. Salonika is Greek, have long and vainly claimed, a very rich city; and even if Greece but which can not longer be stifled.

does not possess all the islands she It is hoped that those at the helm will claim, yet her influence as a sea- will see in time the rocks on which power on the Mediterranean is here- the ship of state is in peril pf being after to be reckoned with in the solu- wrecked.

tion of Mediterranean problems. The recent action of the govern- 6. The year has been a year of ment, conciliatory toward the Arabs, crisis for the Ottoman Empire and action in pleasing contrast to the un- for the various peoples of that land. wise course adopted three years ago The first Balkan war left Turkey de- , in both Arabia and Albania, may be feated, humiliated, despairing. Worse taken as a pledge of an honest pur- than that. The comparatively small pose on the part of those in power number of liberal and enlightened to respect the national desires of the Turks were split into two factions various races that compose the popu- and fell into bitter recriminations lation of the empire.

among each other. Had Russia had What do these great events fore- a free hand, Ottoman dominion would shadow touching the progress of the have ended last summer. Kingdom of God?

The Turks know that their national Greece and Servia have always existence hinges on their speedy suc- been intolerant toward missionary cess in actually accomplishing several work, even educational work in mis-

sionary hands; and in the expulsion Christianity as being near to the of American missionaries from places Christianity which was theirs cen- they once held in Albania they have turies ago. The opportunity and the been acting in character. pi'obably call to American Christians is unique; the institution established by Dr. it is urgent; it is full of promise of House at Salonica will be undis- speedy and large results.

turbed, as it is "agricultural and in- In Turkey itself we face conditions dustrial," but evangelical teaching in affecting missionary work very differ- this institute will have to be conduct- ent but equally beckoning with those ed with great tact. Elsewhere, serious in Albania. In Turkey the plant in limitations may be expected. Bul- American hands is very large, and it . garia has welcomed educational work is Americans who hold the field. The by American missionaries and ha.> missionary and educational force is been qualifiedly friendly toward their large. All strategic centers are oc~ evangelistic work. Whether she will cupied. American high schools, col- allow greater freedom for effort in leges, hospitals are all full to over- behalf of the Moslems remaining flowing. These institutions are nt1m~ within her borders remains to be bered by scores. In recent years seen. Moslems in large numbers are among When we turn to Albania the out- their patrons. Relief work adminis- look totally changes. The Albanians, tered by American hands in real sym- both Moslem and Christian, have long pathy amid the appalling suffering since united in a common desire and following the war has won the hearts determination to use their own lan- of the Turks. They know the su- guage rather than the Turkish as the preme need for their people, of men- principal language in their schools. tal and moral education and they are They welcomed the proclamation of looking to Americans for their mod- constitutional government in 1908 in els and their guides. They are read- the confident hope of now attaining ing our Bible and other Christian their purpose. The folly of the books, and are ready to listen to the "Young Turks" in Albania is writ Gospel message as never before. The large on the pages of modern history. war has been indescribably, incon- All is changed WIth the erection of ceivably fearful in its carnage and Albania into a free state. The people the suffering it has caused. But we are grateful to Italy and to Austria. see reason to believe these sufferings But this is with a certain reserve, for are opening men's eyes, in all races, they very well know that self-interest to the supreme value of moral and is at the bottom of Italian and Aus- spiritual good. Behold the door trian friendship. To Americans they thrown wide open by those newly turn without reserve. They appeal to awakened peoples to their friends of us to establish schools and hospitals the "Vest, especially t(l American among them. Some of them go fur- Christians. The chance offered us for ther and declare themselves ready to spiritual investments that yield a abandon Islam, forced upon them by hundred-fold is as great, certainly, in the Turks, and accept Protestant the Nearer as in the Farther East.

A Recent rrour In

BY REV. PHINEAS B. KENNEDY, DURAZZO, ALBANIA Missionary of the Am,erican Board o-.:so……mN the Dibra district, We were conducted safely over where we recently dis- the mountains within the Servian tributed about 450 lines under a white flag of truce and liras ($2,000) to the saw the Albanians on the one stde suffering people, my and the Servians on the other fol- wife and I were royal- lowing our movements with their field-glasses. As no intercommunily entertained by the Albanians of cation had been allowed for some the Tirana, Kellos, Chela and Matt time between the Servians and the districts through which we passed. people of the Mott district, we were Rarely has a foreigner been seen the first to pass over those mounin these beautiful mountainous sec- tains for several months. tions, and Mrs. Kennedy enjoyed the unique distinction of being the first After being held by the Servians foreign woman who had ever en- for four days, under suspicion of tered the Mott district. The women being the political agents of Austria, of the harems were deeply interest- we were forbidden to go to the Luma ed in her clothing, her eyeglasses, the district, where fighting soon after gold filling in her teeth, etc. The took place, but were allowed with a Albanians manifested a natural mounted police and two foot-soldiers strength of character and self-con- to visit some of the 18 burned viltrol with which the drinking of the lages in the neighborhood of Dibra. foreigners at the seaport restaurants V{e found these villages entirely is a shameful contrast. Altho en- burned and the starving people livtirely Moslem they unitedly stand ing in thatched enclosures. They against the use of alcoholic liquors, were absolutely destitute and much and also argued sensibly concerning less did they possess guns! The entheir rights and the proposed boun- tire districts of Gustiva, Reka and daries of Albania. Day by 'day they Kaza have been destroyed by the Serproved the sturdiness of their con- vians, who burned 3,185 houses amI victions 'by sending out delegated slew II,477 Albanians (Moslems), bands of hardy men with their rifles The consequence is that the whole to hold back the further unjust en- population of 80,000 is pressing this croachment of the Servians. They way. Already over 25,000 are in Elbaclaimed that they had killed no Ser- san and at least 20,000 are in Tirana, vian prisoners, while the Servians All the mosques, schools and public had shot their captured Albanians. buildings are crowded and Mrs. Ken- They appealed to us for cooperation nedy telegraphs me from Elbasan in establishing schools and enlight- that the need for relief funds is disening influences which they frankly tressing. In Tirana I found the acknowledged they need. conditions the Same-every available place cro'..-d~d and villagers with Should war break out between their earthly belongings on their Greece and Turkey the matter of the backs, constantly coming in! About southern boundary of Albania might half of these people are dependent be further delayed . The persecuupon us for bread. The local gov- tion of the Albanians in Kortcha ernment is doing commendably, but by the Albanian members of the is expecting us to cooperate with it. Greek Orthodox Church, assisted by Day by ' day this problem wiI! grow the army and church authorities, is more pressing until the Servians a parody on the real work of the oBuda))est AUS T R A HUN G A THE BALKAN PENINSULA BEFORE AND AFTER THE WAR withdraw an.-l the boundary com- Church. Why the Commission almission has given to these Albanians lows the Greek forces to increase their own Albanian territory. This their numbers in the- Albanian city question, as any other, if not settled of Kortcha, instead of vacating the justly, will not be settled. city and governing the city with a neutral force of soldiers is difficult The political outlook is encourag- to I1nderstand. ing if the Commission of Control will accornplisb soon its high service Through the kindness of Mr. of justly and wisely controlling the Charles Crane of Chicago a Board present unsettled conditions as an of Trustees has been elected in advisory board and not as destroy- America for the purpose of developing the initiative of the Albanians. ing the Kortcha Girls' Boardin~-

school. As soon as God opens the and which was forcibly taken from way we shall return to Kortcha to us by the Turkish Government on cooperate in this plan and in re- the ground that they needed it for opening our home as ,a boys' board- military barracks. It is true that ing-home. Under God's blessing, we the 500 liras which we paid for this hope that this may grow in its in- land was received back from the fluem;e for encouraging boys toward Turkish Government by our purlives of scholarship and usefulness. chasing agent. However, our claim Several boys have entered Robert is that the Turkish Government for- College from this school. feited its right to take this land from us as the proposed barracks The provisional Albanian Govern- were never built. They were workment has unexpectedly taken the po- ing against us because we befriended sition that the Krasta property be- the opprest Albanians and promised longs to the present Albanian Gov- to open an institution where the Alernment. This land we purchased some three years ago for 500 liras * banian language would be taught.

India A.D. 1913 BY HERBERT ANDERSON, CALCUTTA HE year 191 3 opened Seventy-two thousand miles of tele- graph lines flash 12,000,000 messages mT with the shadow of a about the Empire, and 58,000 miles tragedy over the Em- of irrigation canals have made 48,- pire. The anarchIst at- 000,000 acres of unprofitable jungle tempt to take the Vice- and sandy wastes to blossom with fer- roy's life at the Delhi tility. These figures betoken the in- Durbar failed as d llnrder. It 'iUC- fluences of Western civilization upon ceeded where its perpetrators least the waking Orient and are a magdesired success-in calling forth ~pOll­ nificent tribute to administrative taneotls, wide-spread, genuine loyalty power. They heIp us to understand to the British Empire from every cor- the stir in India's industrial life. ner of the land. The political sky, They explain the growing volume of still clouded, has been clearer ever emigration from village to city. Missince, and the cal1se of missions aided sions are faced by the power and thereby. peril of the city problem.

This has been a year of excep- We have evidences of the same tional material prosperity and good silent progress in social reform. harvests have brought forth rapid Without any outstanding event to progress in the Empire's economic rivet the gaze 011 personality or place, and industrial life. Thirty-five thou- Indian women are entering the land sand miles of railways are carrying of liberty. Government is spending 350,000,000 of passengers every year. large sums of money on female edu- cation, and each year witnesses an 4 Any funds sent through the American Board of Boston to W, W. Peet, of Constantinople, will be duly forwarded to me for this work.

A. D. 1913

increase by thousands of girls attend- permanent results will follow. The ing school. Our cities show more leaders. of Islam have been drawn women permitted the freedom of the together in their distresses and have parks, streets, and places of amuse- founded a Pan-Moslem League to ment. In the inner circles of home secure the strength of unity in belife, too, debas'ing customs concern- half of their faith. This stir of ing marriage and widowhood are giv- Islamic life has influenced the policy ing way before the light of fuller of government to an appreciable deknowledge and a growing reverence gree, and the Christian missionary for personality. can not but feel the trend of events is fraught with peril. India has been profoundly moved in her religious thought life. The A larger circulation of God's word growing activities of the reform sects has marked I913 than in any recent indicate both stir and progress. The year. Temperance reform has been Samaj movements, vedic, vedantic, urged upon the notice of the govand unitarian press forwarded into ernment, and His Excellency, Lord Hinduism and Buddhism in their Hardinge, has been the first viceroy preaching of a noble idea of God, in sympathetically to receive a deputatheir demand for a noble ideal of tion of temperance leaders, urging life and duty. "We shall S0011 need the restriction of the consumption of to change some of the essentials of both drinks and drugs. Social evils our faith," writes the leader of a su~h as those connected with the strict Hindu sect. "Social service" white slave traffic have been d,eaH has been a non-Christian watchword with by legal enactments inflicting during the past twelve months. In more drastic penalties on wrongcalamities such as floods, at vast doers. The influence of theosophy gatherings such as ruchas, and at especially in Madras has been furspecial places of pilgrimage bands of ther undermined by the proceedings young men of various creeds and against Mrs. Besant in regard to her races have sacrificed time and C0111- protege Alegone. The roll call to fort and money t6 be useful to their higher service includes such wellfellows. Thus it may be said that known names as Dr. Irving of Allaa larger vision of brotherhood has habad, and Dr. Huntley of Agra and come to many, unconsciousl), guiding it has been an exceptional year for the destiny of non-Christian religious the invaliding home of missionaries, thought life in India to-day. Mis- with a consequent lack of staff to sions in their presentation of the Gos- supply stations already occupied. pel of Jesus are the unac'knowleelged prophets of this eva,ugel of the re- This has been a great year for form movements to the Hinduism of Christian missions. It is too early past centuries. yet to be able to chronicle the numer- ical increase in baptisms from non- We have witnessed a renaissance Christian communities. In view of of the Moslem faith in India. The our present-day movements, of the events around Constantinople have deprest and outcast communities, we influenced the Indian situation very should anticipate the greatest record largely. It is too early to say what of any past year in additions by

baptisms to the church. Presbyte- soon after these words are in print rians, Anglicans, Methodists and Bap- the National Council of Mis.sions for tists are all rejoicing in these acces- the whole Empire-representative of sions. "Coming, coming; yes, they the variotls provincial councils—will are." But the year will be more be sitting to study the problems of memorable for the spirit of fellow- Indian missions from the standpoint ship in Christ that has come to birth. of the whole enterpri:'e. All the Dr. Mott's Indian conferences are forces, Protestant and Syrian, will historic. The Edinburgh Conference be cooperating as never before, for Continuation Committee has justifIed the spread of the Redeemer's King..

its appointment wondrously. Sent by dom. Who can estimate the signifi- that body-and so coming with the cance of this wondrous advance?

credentials of the leaders of the How energy may be conserved, the home-base-he set before the mission- frontal attack on non-Christian faiths aries of the Empire in the early reorganized, the Indian Church given months of the year the possibilities opportunities to develop all latent of cooperation, the need of councils powers of sacrifice and ·service, In- to focus policy and methods, and de- dian leaders thrust forth to take more velop missionary union in institu- responsible and prominent positions tional efforts such as hospitals, col- in both church and missionary ac- leges, schools, evangelistic campaigns tivity, to what extent women ·swork and literature. The seed fell into needs greater emphasis and a larger prepared ground. The Master Him- proportionate expenditure, how litera- self had preceded His messenger. The ture 'and education, medical and in- leaders of the forces in the Empire dustrial effort can be made better to were found to be one already in serve the great evangelistic ideal- prayer life, in desire for fuller knowl- these are the matters to which im- edge of each other, and for the ef- mediate attention will now be given; fective joining up of scattered agen- and that no longer as a divided force cies. So the year closes with per- but a force in which Christ's' prayer manent preliminary organization ac- has visible answer, "That they may complished. Bengal and Assam, Be- be one" . "that the world may har and Orissa, Bombay, Burma, believe."

Mid-India, Punjab, South India, and It is not too optimistic an estimate the United Provinces are the eight to say that 1914 opens with the op- areas into which India and Burma portunity of becoming the grandest have been divided. Ceylon will prob- year of modern missionary history.

ably come in as the ninth. All these year of modern missionary history.

areas have already elected their rep- Will we make the opportunity a real- resentative councils of missions, and ity?

"It is much more difficult to pray for missions than to give to them. We can only really pray for missions if we habitually lead a life of prayer; and a life of prayer can only be led if we have entered into a life of communion with God."-The late Prof. Gustav Warneck, of Halle.

Burma-Present and

BY REV. II. n. COCHRANE, PYAPON, BURMA Missionary of the American Baptist Foreign Missionary Society, ~T HEl JUDSON CEN- indicate results at least equaling any- TEN ARY takes first thing in the past. place among events of religious significance Missionary socIetIes working' JIl for I913. The Ameri- Burma are, American Baptist, Ameri- . can Baptist Mission is can Methodist, English Wesleyan, S. P. G. and Roman Catholic- attempting to raise on the field a cen- American Baptists with their 185 mis- tenary offering of Rs. roo,ooo (over . sionaries on the field, 900 native $33,(00), to be contributed chiefly by churches, about 7o,cxxi church-mem- native Christians. This fund is to bers, and 25,000 pupils in mission be used for direct evangelistic work, schools, being by far the strongest. Christian education, and printing of The largest ingathering during the religious literature. The great cen- year has been among the tribes on the tennial celebration is to be held in China border, where converts have December, at Rangoon, in connection been gained by thousands during the with the annual convention of the past decade.

Baptist Mission. A good number of The Rangoon Baptist College has noted Baptists from America will be made rapid growth, including the present. One hundred and twenty- completion of a fine building for the three mIssIonary sOCIetIes having high-school department, and re- work in India have been invited to ceipt of a gift of $ro,ooo from two send a representative. After the donors in America for a building for meetings tours will be made to points the European school.

of mIssIonary interest throughout The Baptist Mission has opened a Burma, including, of course, the sites new station at Pyapon in the great of Judson's imprisonment, Ava and Irrawaddy delta among a half-mil- Aungbinle. N ative Christ~ans are lion Buddhists.

now engaged in a movement to have One of the strongest missionaries, the site of Judson's prison at Ava set apart for evangelistic work, has marked by a suitable monument. conducted successful campaigns at The "Win One" movement has led several mission stations, in connec- to greater emphasis on personal work, tion with the local missionary. Other resulting in an increase in number of societies, for which the writer is not converts, and in brighter spiritual life so competent to speak, have been in the churches and young peoples' pushing their work with great energy societies. and a good measure of success.

Statistics for 1913 are not yet Many thousands, who have not yet available, but reports from churches broken away from the ancestral re- and evangelists throughout the year ligion, have received Bible instruc-

tion, with a more enlightened con- influence among the people at large ception as to what Christianity really has been over-estimated. In the is, and a weakening of faith in the writer's estimation it is not so much old. There are many who contend a revival of Buddhism as a frantic that education, under Christian in- attempt to stay the tide of Chrisfluences, has been a more potent in· tianity. The Buddhist Young Men's fluence for good than "direct evan- Association, Buddhist secular schools, gelization." It is certain that a new etc., are but attempts to ape mission- Burma is rising, a new generation of ary methods, but really having little men and women who are, in some religious significance. That the commeasure, coming to think for them- mon people never have shown so selves. The British Indian Govern- much interest in Christianity as now, ment is administering the affairs of is the universal verdict of Christian Burma more and more effectively, workers. Missions in Burma are and by officials of higher type, secur., now experiencing the "penalty of sucing to all greater freedom of action cess." Leadership is the great need, as well as of thought. and will be for years to come. This means more men, more money, and The so-called "Revival of Bud- more prayer. dhism" is still in evidence, tho its Opening the Great Closed Land BY KEV. JAMES C. OGDEN, BATANG, TIBET, WEST CHINA Missionary of the Foreign Christian Missionary Society ~T IBET proper is still pedia Britannica, on India paper. The ~ clos~d to the Christian significance of this visit, and of the mISSIOnary, but the royal exchange of gifts is of no small present trend is toward importance. religious and political autonomy, with a modi- Prior to this visit of the Dalai fied policy of exclusion. According Lama to England, Tibet and 11onto the latest reports, the Dalai" Lama, golia had declared independence, and the Pope of Tibetan Buddhism, is in had mutually agreed to assist each England. His presents to the King other in maintaining independence were weapons and saddlery, and are and in propagating Buddhism. Since now in the British Museum. The the recent revolution, China has been royal gifts to the Dalai Lama in- unable to control these two depencluded examples of the best British dencies, and Russia has made a decorative and applied arts. Among treaty with, Mongolia in which the these were a fine telescope, with autonomy of the latter is guaranteed. which the Dalai Lama might vary the routine of the Potala in Lassa by There is to be a conference in Lonwatching the heavenly bodies, and don regarding the Tibetan situation, the eleventh edition of the Encyclo- for the purpose of forming a new treaty with China, which, while recog- nizing the suzerainty of the Republic,

THE GREAT CLOSED LAND

will give the Dalai Lama full ad- ed with his white-faced brother, and ministrative autonomy, and will pro- discovered' his own weakness, and tect his territory from future military narrow policy of seclusion. He no, expeditions. These provisions have doUbt knows that these Englishmen been tentatively accepted in Peking. could have looted and demolished his The Dalai Lama shows willingness to sacred city, but for some reason did agree to proposals which will ce111ent not. his relations with the government of India, and will eJ1able him to main- Following this expedition; China, tain free intercourse with the power inspired by jealousy, began her bloody operations in Eastern Tibet in 1905, A MUD HOUSE IN EfSTERN TIBET, USED AS A MISSIONARY'S HOME that gave him refuge when he fled and carried this war into Tibet before the troops of West China. proper. The Dalai Lama fled to In- The troublesome questions in Eastern dia, and was given refuge in Dar- Tibet, where hostilities between Chi- jeeling. Chinese schools were opened nese and Buddhist leaders have been in eastern Tibet, the telegraph was recently resumed will have the atten- built through Tachienlu and Batang, tion of this conference. and was completed to Chambdo in August, 1911. The Chinese Imperial The Younghusband expedition into Post Office was opened in Batang in Lassa in 1904 was a great factor in May, and in August a route was making Tibet known to the world. opened through Tibet via Chambdo, The Dalai Lama, the politico-religious Lassa, and Gyantse to Darjeeling in ruler of Tibet, thus became,acquaint-

A MISSION SCHOOL CLASS OF TIBETAN BOYS India. Ninety thousand square miles missions planning to work in Tibet in Eastern Tibet were open to mis- and when hostiliti,es cease they will sionary activity, and missionaries and begin workon the borders. Successtravelers explored and mapped this ful missions for: Tibetans have been territory. The Tibetans were vecy j:Qtlductetl .inLeh, L:ittle Tibet; in friendly because the Dalai ' Lama w~t~, protected by England, and mis- It. LARGE TIBETAN PRAYER·WHEEI. sionaries could have traveled free'ly in Tibet proper but for the feSfric- tions placed upon such traver by China, England and Russia. These restrictions were probably wise at that time because of the danger from hostile bands of robbers.

The Chinese revolution came ' and ' made it necessary for Chinese soldiers to be withdrawn from Tibet. Missionaries at Tachienlu and Batang were forced to leave their wellequipped stCltions. The Dal~i Lama again took charge, declared 'war against China, and drove the Chitlese out of Tibet. After China became a republic, she again sent an expedition into Eastern Tibet, but England protested against Chinese soldiers entering Tibet proper.

At present there are a number of

SITUATION IN CHINA

Darjeeling, India; in TachienJu and tive effort in evangelizing this "roof Batang, Eastern Tibet. Roman of the world." Interest is growing. Catholics are reported to be compara- Money is being given in larger tively strong in Eastern Tibet. The amounts, more men and women are combined efforts of missionaries, gov- under appointment and others are ernment officials in India, Indian preparing. One woman has pledged scholars, and others, have produced enough money to build chapels in some very good grammars and dic- six central stations and twenty-four tionaries of the Tibetan language, out-stations. What a challenge! and Genesis, Exodus, Psalms, and Large plans are being made. Great the complete New Testament have things are about to come to pass in been translated. Tracts, books and this arch of Asia. Monasteries must hymn books have been published and be turned int.::> schools and colleges. have been distributed and sold in the Christ will conquer Buddha. We beprincipal cities and towns. lieve that the opening of this closed land IS at hand. There is now a plan for coopera- The Situation In ~ China DY REV. P. W. PITCHER, AMOY, CHINA _Missionary of the Reformed Church in America ITH Dr. Sun Vat-Sen, civil war. So the situation is not so IWI the patriot and hero alarming, at least to an optimist, as of I9II, in exile, with might first appear.

Yuan Shih-Kai, the We recognize the disappointing situation, but let us give the Chinese .1Sl first elected President, credit for what they are trying to do, and at the same time give them from all accounts not our encouraging and sympathetic sup- port. These disturbances will right heartily in sympathy with republican themselves in time, but surely there is sufficient to arouse a spirit of hopeideas, and with a National Assembly fulness. Just think of what has taken place-the tremendous change and Senate split up into demoralizing within the past two years. The 1110st startling and 1110St indicative change factions, the situation in China is dis- of all came in that announcement of this republican government when appointing. through its National Assembly it ap- pealed to all Christian churches in But, it is a big step from an abso- China for prayer in its behalf, on April 27, 1913. It was, we believe, iute monarchy to a free and inde- but another and most convincing manifestation of the spiritual power pendent republic. We should not of Christianity which has taken hold of that people-a power that has been marvel too greatly if those who try to take it in a brief period should Llunder and fall. Such a movement takes time. After all, what is hap- pening in China is perfectly natural, and more or less a repetition of some of our own and probably forgotten history, i.e., the strife and weary seven years of forming our own Con- stitution-ancl the still more trying years of readj ustment after our cruel

working itself out in splendid Chris-' year to the Chinese, bringing, it is tian leadership during recent years. believed, the Gospel message b 20,- And we will not and do not believe 000,000, which in twenty years at that power is on the receding crest the same rate will bring the entire of a wave, but rather its movement 400,000,000 in touch with the Chrisis still forward. tian Gospel. Who can estimate the momentum of such a fact! The Chi- Such movements as were inaugu- nese arc calling for the teaching of rated in 19II do not go backward. Christ. Formerly Christian schools Indeed, 1913 witnessed a mighty for- and hospitals were accepted or tolerward momentum, especially among ated, while that for which they stood the student class-who are to be the was either ignored or despised and future leaders of that great nation. efforts made to stamp it out. But In the conference conducted by Dr.

CHINESE CHILDREN WHO LIKE THE MISSIOl'!"ARIES Matt and Mr. Sherwood E}ldy, over since the revolution, Christianity has 137,000 students listened to the Gos-' been seen in its true light. It is pel message and other helpful lec- inseparable from such institutionstures. Hundreds surrendered them- an integral part of them. It is clearly selves to Christ and to Christian ser- to those men who were avowed vice at the different meetings held in Christians that the Chinese owe their fourteen important centers, while deliverance from the petrified cu,;- over seven thousand pledged them- toms and procedure of the past. selves "not only to Bible study and The future we believe is bright daily prayer, but in most instances with promise. May our Christianity consented to enroll in Bible classes." "be equal to the task." May the Another enlightening and encourag- Christianity of all the churches "go ing item is that the .American Bible to the limit of devotion to the plane Society has sold 2,000,000 Bibles this of Christ."

Lure of Recent

· Literature* BY REV. A. WOODRUFF HALSEY, D.D.) NEW YORK Secretary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign :Missions, U.S.A.

HE mission book is a and dominate the whole Christian fJT missionary. The story of missions as told in conception. recent literature has a ' charm all its own. In "It makes some difference whether we look upon the support of mis- sions as one among many manifes- ~ a large number of vol- tations of a spirit of charity, whether we look upon charity itself as one umes treating directly or indirectly of among many fruits of the spirit, or whether we look upon charity as the work of missions it is difficult to select any number which would be the nature of the spirit and mission- of equal value to all lovers of mis- ary charity as the manifestation of sions. The work done by the mis- the spirit in a world which needs sionary is so extensive, so varied, so above all things redeeming love. And world-wide, that it is not possible for it makes some difference whether we look upon redeeming love as active anyone individual to keep in touch toward us only, or as active in us with all the volumes that relate to the toward others; whether we receive a spirit of redeeming love embracing great movements now going on in the world which is active in us, and non-Christian lands as a result of the proceeds from us, or a spirit of rediligent, Christ-like work of the mis- deeming love which proceeds from sionary of the Cross. God taus and stops there. . . .

A few books chosen almost at ran- "The natural man does not desire the revelation of Christ to the world dom from the goodly number which and in the world. He may desire have recently come to my study table, progress, but not Christ. The desire set forth in clear light the work and for Christ, the desire of Christ in worth of the Christian missionary. the soul, is a certain sign of the The Heart of the Matter presence of the Spirit of Christ. If then a man finds this in his own 1. Missions to-day are causing the soul, he is convinced of the reality church at home to see the heart and of the Holy Spirit's indwelling in his own sou1." core of the Gospel.

A volume just from the press, en- These are well-chosen words which titled "Essential Missionary Princi- the Church of to-day needs to can ples," by Roland Allen, deals en- over.

tirely with this aspect of the mis- Rev. James S. Dennis, D.D., in his sionary movement. In a series of recent volume, "The Modern Call of clean-cut forceful chapters the author Missions," emphasizes another as- brings the reader face to face with pect of the same great truth. The the essential principles which underlie book is replete with illustrations 'These books may be ordered through the REVIEW. A list of publishers and prices is appended

drawn from the author's encyclopedic can race. After a series of chapters knowledge of the modern missionary dealing exhaustively with the whole movement, of how the simple ele- manner of the life of the African, ments of the Gospel are operative in his chapter on "The Progress of on all classes and conditions of men. Christian Missions," Mr. Harris In a striking paragraph he writes; writes: "In the sphere of discovery and "The day has gone by when the exploration; in the development of world could dismiss Christian misbackward races, in the molding of sions in West Africa with a connational life, in the shaping of politi- temptuous sneer, for Christian miscal destiny, in the reformation of sionary effort with its eloquent facts, administrative methods, the training definitely established, can no longer of public servants, the reconstruction be ignored. Of all the forces which of judicial systems, especially among have made for real progress in West barbaric races, the opening of com- Africa, Christianity stands some say mercial doors, the promotion of inter- first, others second, but none can national diplomacy and commercial place it last. To it belongs primarily intercourse, and in the ethical and in point of time at least, the ecosocial regeneration of ancient com- nomic prosperity of the Gold Coast. munities of mankind still moving To it belongs, almost entirely, the slowly and wearily toward a higher credit for the native clerks and educivilization, missions have wrought cated men on the coast. To it the marvelously, and we will discover natives owe their knowledge of usemore and more as time goes on their ful crafts. To one section of the value along these lines of influence." Christian Church at least belongs the honor of having on the spot saved Books of the Down the Kongo natives from extirpation."

2. The mission book of former This has to do with the West days emphasized the low estate of Coast of Africa. The illuminating man. We do not deny that it was volume by Donald Fraser entitled a truthful picture which the poet drew when he declared that in many "Winning Primitive People··-An Aclands "every prospect pleases and count of 16 Years' Work among the only man is vile." In reading more recent books, however, one is imprest War-like Tribes of Central Africa," with the Psalmist's conception of man, "Thou hast made him a little sets before us a series of graphic lower than the angels," and with the possibilities in man. The theme of pictures of transformations wrought many a recent missionary volume among the lowest tribes of darkest might well be: Africa and of a development of na- "Down in the human heart Crusht by the tempter, tive character which a few genera- Feelings lie buried that tions ago would have been declared Grace has restored." impossible. Such a volume as "Dawn in Dark- "As a Christian missionary, I must est Africa," by John H. Harris, is a record the extraordinary advance revelation of the mentality, spiritual- which our religion has made, for, in it, I believe, the hope of the conity and possibility of the whole Afri- tinent lies. While I acknowledge the blessing of commerce, and good gov- ernment, and civilization, I can not see that these by themselves will ever lift a savage people into permanent and progressive prosperity, or eman-

LURE OF RECENT MISSIONARY LITERATURE

cipate them from the degrading su- pamphlet, issued by this worthy perstitions of animism, which only "fellow-helper" of the missionary, enmake the veneer of Western life lu-, dicrous and dangerous. In these re- titled, "Some Roads Toward Peace, 0'

gions the progress that has been is found much stimulating missionary made is built upon a Christian foun- information. "Some Roads To- dation, and the removing of old ward Peace" is the report presented magical and communistic restraints by Charles W. Eliot, President has been accompanied by the crea- Emeritus of Harvard University, who tion of a Christian law and con- writes: science. There is now a church with- in our mission with 8,200 members in "It is impossible for the visiting full communion, besides 8,500 cate- American with any experience in adchumens and 13,000 enquirers. In ministration and its normal difficulthese, through the power of living ties not to sympathize with the few religion, and its continual creation of hundred men who have taken their a new social conscience, and its .ac- lives in their hands and risked their tivity in propagating itself, will be whole careers in trying to build up found the guarantee of the future." a free government in China. What The chapter on "The Wisdom of American could fail to sympathize the People," in which are given racy with men in such a dangerous posi- tion, trying to do this immense sernative proverbs, stories and wise say- vice to such a people? Yet during ings, reveals a mental capacity in my stay in China I seldom met Octhe African that is alluring and in- cidentals long resident in the country spiring. in diplomatic, consular, commercial, "Dan Crawford," in his unique or industrial positions, who manifestvolume, "Thinking Black," and in his numerous addresses delivered in ed genuine sympathy with the revo- America and England during the lution, or any hopeful belief in the possibility of creating a free govern- ment in China. It seemed to me that year 1913, has dealt largely upon this lack of sympathy and hope was the mentality of the African. It has partly due to the fact that most fortaken many years for the Chri~tiall eigners in China live there for years world to recognize that these savages, without making the acquaintance of a single Chinese lady or gentleman. cannibals, men of the forest, of the The merchant may conduct for many jungle, possess mental characteristics years a successful and widespread and moral distinctions of no mean business in China without knowing a order. It is the missionary book word of tIle language, or making the which is revealing to us the possibili- acquaintance of any of his customers. In the clubs organized and resorted ties of the native peoples of the to by English, Americans and other world. foreigners in the Chinese cities, no The Hope for the World Chinese person is eligible for mem:- 3. Each group of new volumes bership. It is the missionaries, which treat of world-wide problems teachers, and other foreigners who labor in China with some philanthropserve to emphasize that humanity's ic purpose, who really learn some- "only hope lies" in the Gospel. The thing about the Chinese. They get volumes issued by the Carnegie En- into real contact and friendlyreladowment for International Peace tions with the Chinese, both educated can hardly be designated "mission and uneducated; while the foreign business men probably remain ignoliterature," and yet in the very latest rant of Chinese conditions and quali-

ties, and Chinese hopes and aspira- comes with the new republic is the tions. The ground for holding to fact that the man who has engineered the hope that it may be possible to the revolution is a Christian. He create a free government in China has the most loyal devotion of the is that the Chinese deserve to be men that have risked their lives with free because they are industrious, him. His influence is seen in the frugal, fecund, enduring, and honest. little loss. of human life that has China will need a long period of re- been allowed by the revolutionaries.

construction, and the Vvestern world There never has been in all the his- ought to stand by China with pa- tory of China such a bloodless revo- tience, forbearance, and hope while lution as this last one. It must be she struggles with her tremendous an omen of gladness to the whole social, industrial, and political prob- nation that Jesus has at last come to lems. She needs at this moment the take His place in the councils of the Chinese equivalents of Benjamin em p ire. Kang-hi, a celebrated Franklin, George Washington, and heathen emperor, in his great im- Alexander Hamilton. May she find perial dictionary that has been in the them." hands of the scholars of China for President Eliot makes very clear the last two centuries and a half, de- fined Him as being 'the Savior uf that he regards the Chinese as a the life of the world.' This silent, great race, "industrious, frugal, fe- unconscious prophecy is at length cund, enduring, and honest," but it being fulfilled in the new thoughts is the missionary who comes into about the preciousness of life that real contact with them, and it is to have come with the dawn of the new the missionary that China looks for republic." help. Yuan Shi-Kai in a personal conversation with President H. H. The thought of the Christian world Lowrie, of the Peking University, is now centered on China, many of said: "I am not a Christian, I am a the denominations are raising large Confucianist, but only Christian sums of money for the extension of ethics can save China, our morality the work; one denomination, the is not sufficient for the crisis." Presbyterian North, having already secured more than $300,000, as an Another volume, entitled "Men and additional sum for China. Manners of Modern China," by J. Macgowan, has numerous illustra- Books on China are mUltiplying. tions tending to show the latent PGS- The very last one which has come to sibilities in the Chinese race and yet my table,. "China Revolutionized," by making clear that China's only hope John Stuart Thompson, is full of good is a civilization permeated with the things. Some idea of the opinion of spirit of the Gospel. Mr. Macgowan the author 01" the subject under conhas lived in China for So years, and sideration can be seen from the folaccording to his own statement has lowing statement taken from the lived with almost every class in the chapter, entitled "Religious and l'iiscountry. His private conviction after sionary China." So years of close association with "I want to write a word of com- mendation of the missionary, for de- traction by some in high places, and this great people is given in the clos- by some authors who write as they ing paragraph of his valuable volume. fly and flit at the ports, is not un- common. The attacks upon missions "One element of strength that in Henry Norman's "Peoples and

THE LURE OF RECENT MISSIONARY LITERATURE

Politics of the Far East,'" and in It is the fashion in many quarters Pumpelly's "Across America and to imagine that missions are not need- Asia," are well known, and have ed in Latin America because for cenbeen repeated by others. One may turies a certain form of Christianity be a cynic at home, and with reason has held sway over the people. "Latin sometimes criticize some pulpits be- America: Its Rise and Progress," by cause they fear the magnate at the Calderon, and "South America," by end of some pews, and color their sermons accordingly. One may in a James Bryce, are in no sense missupercilious way sneer at the seeming lack of personality 111 the mis- sionary volumes, but they throw a sionary candidate, who in a gentle flood of light on the whole question faith stands up in her or his church of the Latin American peoples. If to answer the call: 'Go ye into all with these volumes we read the rethe world and preach the Gospel to port of the "Conference on Missions every creature.' But follow the in Latin America," held in N ew York worker into the China field, and see city in March 12, 13, 1913, the conwhat that call and the altruistic op- viction will be forced on the mind of portunity has done by its very im- the reader that the only hope of mensity. The gentle missionary has Latin America is the development of soon become many things; a brave character based on the pure Gospel. pioneer in exile; a scholar and lin- This report presents a series of guist; an organizer of great power papers by experts, most of whom and tact; a local foreign minister have their information at first hand. of great ability in adapting the West to the East; a scientist; housekeeper, Minna G. Cowan, of Girton Coltraveler, physician, explorer, ethnolo- lege, India, in hel very attractive gist, nurse, orator; the only host of volume on "The Education of the explorers; the most generous of man- Women of India," presses home the kind; an ideal example of what the same great truth. After recounting that the new type of woman is mak- 'Vest should be; the most inspired ing herself felt in India and giving of human beings in self sacrifice numerOilS example:,: of good work and wonderful accomplishments un- done by non-Christian natives, such der difficulties. Their expenses are as a Mohammedan lady of social many; their resources few. Many standing at Bombay opening a school have to live on the slimmest of C011- for poor girls in her house, or an tributions from home, such as the orthodox Hindu lady advocating a missionaries of the China Inland special system of Hindu schools,. or Mission, the Scandinavian Mission, an Arya Samaj widow having a high and the Scottish Missions which are school for half-caste girls in her not rich. own house and numerous other ex- amples. she states her convictions as "Many, like the American ~nd En- follows: ~lish missionaries, receive fair help from home, but spend on their equip- "The problem is a question of charment, and educational and hospital acter, hut of character built upon buildings the money that was due to personal contact with the Christ-life themselves and their families as sal- in God-a question of environment aries. The highly cultureu, brave and curricula, but also of showing president of the N ankin~ University accepts only $1,500 as salary, whereas if he were in America, on a purely business basis he would be expected to demand $15,000 for the same services and expenses of his high position."

that Christianity is of the East, and the people to whom she had minis- Eastern in its spiritual appeal; a tered were loathe to have her go. question of womanhood, but also of One little girl clung to her and re- that more perfect fellowship where fused to give her up. Christ is all and in all. 'Jesus Christ, by the silent action .of a life- "My teacher kept telling her to go time laid the first emphasis on the back, but she kept saying: 'I don't . identity of woman's humanity rather want Hoa Kuniang to go.' Do you than on the difference of her sex, wonder that I think of that little thus both dignifying her and man in darling out there and weep because his attitude to her.' The solution I must go from these people. Home of India's social problem lies in the is very sweet, and I love my dear fulfilment of the Christian ideal, and ones at home, and I thank God that the progress toward it must be a I shall soon see their dear faces united one, in which both sexes share again in this world, but the little alike." girl clutching at that little red work- bag who 'didn't want Roa Kuniang In a delightful volume, "Indian to go' is very deep in my heart, and the race she represents is my 'heri- Medical Sketches," by Charlotte S. tage.' "

Vines, is a chapter on "Christmas As told by Miss Burton, the story Eve," which is the story of the trans- of Dr. Hu King Eng and of Mrs. Ahok, the Christian mistress in a formed Indian home. On Christmas home of wealth, not only is fascinat- Day the young wife goes with a ing but stimulating, leaving the im- present of fruit to the hospital and pression that these godly Chinese women are the forerunners of a race says, "This is fruit for all of you because it is THE GREAT DAY." of Christian women who are to be of untold blessing to the millions of "Do you know why it is our great their suffering and degraded sisters. , day, why we are all happy to-day? To which she replies, 'Yes. My The world knows of the work of husband called us together in the Hepburn of Japan. It is simply and evening and read out of your Holy Book.' Then from heathen lips I forcibly told in this last volume by hear the story, told in very simple Dr. Griffis. language, told as a child would tell it, the story which has changed the The lure of mission literature is world." ever presenting to us the "large sym- There is a lure in such a story. metrical Christian man."

A Cure for Pessimism Some Important Missionary Books Df the Year 4. Missionary volumes drive out "Essential Missionary Principles." Allen. Flemthe spirit of pessimism. ing II. Revell CD. $1.00.

I know of no better antidote to "Modern Call of MiS5ions." Dennis. Fleming H. Revell Co. $1.50. peSSimism than s,.1ch volumes as "Dawn in Darkest Africa." Harris. E. P. Dut- "New Thrills in Old China," by ton & CD. $3.50, C h a r lot teE. Hawes, "Notable "Winning Primitive People." Fraser. E. P. Dut- ton & CD. $1.50. Women of Modern China," by Mar- "Thinking Black." Crawford. Geo. Doran Co. garet E. Burton, and a very recent flJ.;~O~nd Manners of Modern China." Macvolume, "Hepburn of Japan," by Gowan. DDdd, Mead & Co. $3.50. William Elliot Griffis. HChina Revolutionized." Thompson. Bobbs, Mer- When -Miss Hawes was about to ..{~Un&AC;::;"'i~;;5~ts Rise and Progress." Calderleave China for her last furlough, son. Charles Scribners' Sons. $3,00. "South America." Bryce. Macmillan Co. $2.50. "Hepburn of Japan." Griffis.. Westminster Press.

$1.50.

A Twice-born "Turk"–Part

THE REMARKABLE REMINISCENCES OF A CONVERTED MOSLEM SHEIKH TRANSLATED BY ARTHUR T. UPSON, CAIRO, EGYPT Superintendent of the Nile Mission Press I iA]HMED' the narrator, of the Arab poets to bring a chapter continues: After a like unto it. 'For if all men and s h art time I saw Jinns met together to attempt to Salim looking for the bring the equal of this Koran they Sheikh. When we had should not be able to do it.' Oh, my found him we sat down son, beware of such Satanic sugges- under a tree and after the usual tions."

salutations Salim said to the Sheikh, My father then went on to warn "Will you please tell me how your me against allowing anything to inter- father answered you when you wrote fere with the belief that the words of to him the letter from El-Azhar?" the Koran have been engraved from A Moslem Father's Anxiety all eternity upon AI-Lauh al-Mahfuz Sheikh: A long time has elapsed (the Preserved Tablet).

and I can only tell you what I re- A Bold Reply-The Koran me,mber.* Not 20 days passed before After I had read my father's letter I received a reply from my father as I wrote to him something as follows: follows: "To my highly respected Father: "My darling son, May God Al- "You said that on reading my letter you were consumed with the fire of mighty preserve you from going zeal for the Islam religion. Instead astray in religion, and confirm you of burning with fire would it not in the Sunni creed of the Moslems. have been better to have brought· Amen. forth a few solid arguments to but- tress my faith which threatens to "My love to you is well known. fall. Then you say, 'I took refuge I read your letter and understood it. in God from the evils of Satan.' If From my zeal for the religion of my contention is right and my argu- Islam I took refuge in God from ments are sound, then will it not be the evils of Satan, who has been your remarks that are whispers of leading you astray, as appears from Satan, and will it not be you that your new thoughts about the Holy have gone astray? As for the Koran Book (the Koran), the best of all being the best heavenly book, there the heavenly scriptures, which has no is neither internal nor external evievil or vain discourse, but was sent dence for this statement. down by inspiration from the All "As to the contradictions contained Wise One, by means of which our illiterate prophet challenged the chief *Attention is again drawn to the fact that the in it, I have already written. As to 'our prophet challenging the eloquent Sheikh has added to his knowledge since that time, ;0 that in all these discussions his present account Arab poets,' if the Koran had difis fuller than his original letters.-TRANsLAToR.

fered from the composition of men written in a more eloquent Arabic then we would not find the com- style than those in the Koran!) panions of the Prophet holding con- trary opinions as to whether some "Then with regard to its tedious chapters were composed by man or repetition, see how the story of the were sent down by God, for instance, creation and the stories of Adam, the Fatiha (first chapter) and the Moses, Abraham, Noah, Jesus ana two amulets (last chapters). If the others are repeated many times over. Koran had been given by a miracle, then there would be no verses in it "In every age there are some wri- not conforming to the laws of elo- ters who excel their fellows. Suppose quence, of which your excellency has that Mohammed were the best of mentioned some instances. Again, if his age in one subject (prose) and it had been supreme, the Polytheists one language only (Arabic), is that a would not have been able to say of mark of divine inspiration? Was it as in Surat Furqan, 'And the un- Euclid inspired because he surpassed believers said, Verily this (the Kor- others i~ his "Elements of Geometry" ? an) is nothing but lies which he What of the claim of the Persian (Mohammed) has fabricated.' They Baha Allah's Arabic writings, which also called it in another place, 'Fables riyal the Koran? of the ancients.' "On the ground that all the elo- Is Koran Eloquence Finite or Infinite? quence and rhetoric of the Koran is lost by translation learned men have "Many of the Moslems themselves forbidden its translation into other also deny its surpassing eloquence, languages. But. if we suppose that and others disagree as to in what God sent the P~ophet to all men, respect it is inimitable. . . .' even to the Jinns and the angels, how is it forbidden to translate His Look "It is said that its beauty consists into the languages spoken by His in absolute absence of differences and followers? . . . contradictions in it, in spite of its length, and t{1eir evidence for that is Mohammed Wrought No Miracle a quotation from itself, 'If it had been sent by any other than God "Now you, my father, speak of his then they would have found in it miracles in the plural, from which we much contradiction.' This evidence should infer that you believe that he falls to the ground, since there are worked many miracles. This is from found in it some hundreds of verses the traditions, as, for instance, his which show very clearly that they feeding the multitudes, causing water are mutually contradictory. I have to spring from between his fingers, of . given you many examples in my first which there was sufficient for a whole letter showing that the contraventions army to do their ablutions, the split- in it are to be counted by hundreds ting of the moon, etc., so much so or even by thousands." . that EI-Halabi says that the miracles of Mohammed are beyond count. (The Sheikh goes on to give ex- Others have said that there were amples of contradictions and also 3,000 besides the Koran, while in the quotes an artificial Sura actually Koran itself there were from sixty to seventy thousand. There is a

A TWICE-BORN U TURK"

verse in the Koran which says that "He then asked them if their irlols when Mohammed was asked by the could hear them or benefit them, and idolaters to produce signs to prove they replied: his mission Ar-Razi and other 'Thus have we found our fore- commentators have replied, 'If the fathers doing!'

sending of miracles was a condition, "From this and other examples it then it was only nece.ssary to send appears that the greatest obstacle in one sign, that was the Koran itself, the path of anyone wishing to follow which makes all others unnecessary.' the truth revealed by any prophet has From this it appears that the claim always been the fear of showing his of miracles for the Prophet other forefathers to have been in the than the Koran is not established." wrong.

(He then quotes similar passages "But do you, sir, wi3h that I shuuid proving the Koran to be no miracle, be like these ignorant ones imitating and goes on to show that rhetoric my fathers in whatever creed they can never be esteemed equal to the may have held, whether truth or er- physical miracles wrought by the ror? God forbid. You are noted prophets.) among your friends for your hatred "The wise man looks at the ultimate of conventionality. . . .

end of things and does not too "I ask your fatherly kindness to hastily decide as to the truth of a pray for me that God alone may be religion which he has inherited from my guide in my search for truth.

his forefathers, however wise and As you have invited me to tell you educated they may have been. Nor everything in religious matters, I ex- should he be satisfied with merely plain to you now that I h;!ve divested external evidences, but should inves- myself of every religious convention, tigate for himself impartially, for, as the only thing remaining being belief the saying is, 'Truth is the child of in the existence of the Ultimate search.' Cause; for the proof of the existence Ancestral Fallibility of an All-wise Creator is practically "Do you hold that my forefathers axiomatic. I pray to Him a private were infallible, however intellectual prayer of worship and petition ask- they may have been? God forbid. ing Him to lead me in His own way They inherited their doctrines one of truth. I have now bought a Holy from another, and if the error of any Bible, which is a collection of the doctrine appeared to anyone of them books of the Prophets, and bave he would not go back from it for commenced to read it secretly by fear of loss of standing among his night after doing my studies by day.

fellows. This we know from ex- I have also acql.lired one or two books perience, altho the imitation of one's such as 'Al-Milalwan-Nihal' (Re- progenitors in the matter of religion ligious Sects).

is blamed in the 'Koran in a number "In conclusion, I beg your merciful of passages. The idolaters blamed excuses for all that I have written to Abraham when he asked them: you, my only object being the searcll ~What do you worship?' after truth. May God preserve you 'Idols,' they said. to us. Amen."

Selim: You made the argument of all men, that He may make your stronger in the second letter than in faith perfect." the first, and I admit you have proved everything clearly. Corruption of the Scriptures Sheikh: My father was practically I answered my father thus: convinced of the non-miraculous "My respected Father: After kiSScharacter of the Koran and the ab- ing your noble hands I would like to sence of any miracle attributed to say that I have received your letter Mohammed, but he took refuge in and have carefully read it and found the charge of corruption of the if incumbent upon me to answer you. Scriptures. "As for your objection to my reac:- ing the Scriptures because you think The Father'. Reply that the Jews and Christians have altered them, this i.3 a charge which After 20 days another letter came can not be substantiated either canonito me from my father to this effect: cally or intellectually. Having regard, however, to the numbers of verses in "My son, I was glad to receive the Koran which mention the Tonrat your letter and to find so much clear (Law) and the Injil (Gospel) I debating and strong proof of what make the Koran the arbitrator, unyou hold about miracles and the Kor- dertaking to abide by its decision, you an, but I was grieved to learn that also agreeing to the same. I have you have divested yourself of all re- extracted from the Koran, after two ligion, halding only tpe existence of nights' reading, certain verses refer- God, which is not sufficient for the ring to the Jews' corruption of the salvation of the soul from everlast- Scriptures. ing perdition. I join with you in your private prayer asking Him to Do yoU wish that they should believe in guide you to the right way. As for you while a party of them were hearing the your remark that you are giving your- Word of God and corrupting it? (Cow: self to reading the Bible secretly, do not waste any time reading it, es- 75.) pecially as your time is valuable, for I know that the stories of the proph- "Among the Jews are those who displace ets collected in it have been talll- (Tahrif) the words." (Woman: 45.) See pered with by' the Jews and Chris- also Table: 14, 44. tians. They have altered and substituted, added to and taken fro111 it, "Now Razi says that the alteration altering both word and meaning. Not of the text of the Tourat and the that I say that everything in it has InjU is not held by the theologians, been abrogated, but I warn you for these two books had become so against the false doctrines in" that well known and the chain of tradition book. If anyone else discovers so strong, that it would be very diffiwhat you are doing it will lead to cult to do so, but they (the Jews j your ruin. In any case, I ask you were giving a false interpretation of to keep me acquainted with all your the meaning. Bukhari and others doings. There is no refuge but in have agreed with him. plenty of prayer to Him among the fingers of whose hands are the hearts "Now Tahrif may be held to mean either the alteration of the text, or of the meaning. If we look impar- tially into the above verses, and re- member that the Tourat and the Injil

9 1 4] A TWICE-BORN "TURK"

had been circulated in all parts of man to be Pharaoh's Prime Minister, the world in various languages at the and Pharaoh to be the builder of the time of our prophet, not forgetting Tower of Babel, etc. If we ask any the care of the Jews for their book in one which of the two books is wrong, counting its letters and its very points we at once say that the 'Koran claims many times; then if we also look at to have been sent to confirm the the enmity between the Jews and the Bible which came before it. It,. how.; Christians, we see the impossibility ever, disagrees with it in many of of a mutual agreement to corrupt the the stories by adding to or taking books of their religions. from them, and contradicts many of the judgments, etc. "Look also at the numerous verses in the Koran which say that it came (3) I have found in the Bible to confirm the previous Scriptures many wonderful bits of wisdom, eswhich were with the Jews and the pecially the Books of Proverbs and Christians, describing them as 'right Ecclesiastes and in the New Testaguidance,' etc., Mohammed himself ment, which bear a good deal of rebeing told to ask the people of the semblance to the Mohammedan tradi- Scriptures when he had any doubts tions, so that anyone might think about anything. Then God promised the latter had been quoted from the to preserve the Dhikr (His book) former. I have started to collect tofrom alteration and corruption. vVe gether the chief resemblances. therefore find that he who holds the corruption of the revealed Scriptures Selim: But what led you to speak is opposed to all reason and denies to him so boldly? the Koran and him who brought it. Think of that!· There is no need Sheikh: My friend, at that time I for me to enlarge upon it. May God felt a strong impulse urging me to preserve you. Amen." take any risk in order to find the true religion. I was like a man who Koran Quotations From the Bible had lost everything that was of worth in this world, but who had a strong Not many day~ passed before I fol- hope of being able to discover truth lowed up this letter with another giv- so that nothing should be able to ing what the Scriptures had revealed ultimately hide it from him. Thereto me of things which I had not pre- fore I was not afraid of anything viously thought of. Some' of them that my father might do, for I had remain in my memory. made a compiete sacrifice of every object other than that of finding the (I) That the verses in the Koran truth. which mention the creation of the heavens and the earth, sun and moon, This was, however, nothing cometc., etc., have, in most cases, been pared with what happened to me in quoted from the Holy Bible. Dumyat (Damietta, Egypt) and whal also happened to me in Tripoli, Beirut (2) By comparing the Bible and and Damascus. My father used to the Koran I have found certain his- say about me, "This boy is bold in torical mistakes in the latter, such as speech and will find that his tongue m;:tking Mary, the mother of Jesus, will get him into trouble." to be the daughter of Amran and· the sister of Aaron, and stating Ha- ( To be continued.)

BY REV. HENRY OTIS DWIGHT, LL.D., NEW YORK Recording Secretary of the American Bible Society.

~I N spite of the fact that scattered by a colporteur. Rev. Mr. there are to-day more Rosensky, pastor of St. Paul's Bibles and portions Polish Methodist Church in Milwau- published each year kee, writes: "This church is the than there were in ex- child of the American Bible Society.

istence two hundred It began this year to contribute to years ago, there is yearly an increase that society and will continue to do in the demand for the Scriptures. so as long as its 'mother' lives."

The American Bible Society has nine Another instance is cited by Mr. Top- agencies in the United States and ping, a Baptist missionary in Japan, twelve in foreign lands, and the who describes the way in which a British and Foreign, Scotch and other colporteur lays the foundation of new societies are also doing vigorous and churches in neglected districts. He efficient work. The demand for asks, "Shall I call these Bible So- Bibles is especially impressive m ciety churches?"

China. Both the American and the The total issues of the American British and Foreign Societies report a Bible Society at home and abroad sudden and extraordinary increase in last year were 4,049,610 Scriptures circulation, and last year each of and portions in 84 limguages. These these two societies issued over are distributed by 428 workers in the 220,000 volumes more than the pre- United States and 8ro in foreign vious year. This demand shows it- lands-a total of 1,238 persons, of self among the rich and the official whom 990 are regular colporteurs.

classes as well as among the poor The aggregate issues of all the laboring classes. In the field of the Bible societies in the world which Levant Agency of the American So- print the Scriptures, so far as is ciety, which includes the territories known, amounted in 1912 to 15,- involved in the war between Turkey 902,396 volumes. It is somewhat sur- and Italy, and the disastrous war be- prizing to note that of this aggregate tween Turkey and the Balkan States, 14,309,157 volumes were printed by the number of copies put in circu- the three great Anglo-Saxon socie- lation was nearly 35,000 more than ties. The issues of the British and the number reported the previous Foreign Bible Society were 7,899,502 year. volumes; those of the National Dible Every year brings new testimony Society of Scotland, 2,359,985 voi- of the power of the Bible to grip urnes, and those of the American the hearts of men of every race. Bible Society, as mentioned above, trace their 'origin' to the Scriptures 4,o49,6ro v 0 I u me s-I,444,oo(l of trace their origin to the Scriptures which were in English.

OF BEST

CONDUCTED BY BELLE M. BRAIN, COLLEGE HILL, SCHENECTADY, NEW YORK Author of "Love Stories of Great Missionaries, n "Adventures With Four-Footed Folks," "Holding the Ropes," etc.

PRACTICAL PLANS FOR THE YEAR New Belrinnings for Mi.sions it was a wide-spread custom to set apart the first Monday in the year EW YEAR'S DAY (in some localities the first Sundayj as a day of fasting and prayer for fNl ~hroug~out the vvorld the conversion of the world. Much 15 a time of new be- of the success of missions in those ginnings. In the Oc- early days of difficult and dangerous cident the idea of pioneering was directly traceable to turning over a new these and other stated periods of inleaf and beginning with a clean tercession. Many of the remarkable sheet is largely a matter of senti- revivals in Fidelia Fiske's school in ment. In the Olient it is a stern Urumia began on or soon after the necessity, enforced by law and re- first Monday in January, when Mary ligion. Only those who settle their Lyon and her girls at Monnt Holyoke accounts with the gods and pay theIr were on their knees praying for the debts to their fellow men dare face little seminary in Persia. In other the new year with peace and enter parts of the mission field also it was upon its festivities with joy. found that times of refreshing began simultaneously jVith the day of in- Quaint old Thomas Fuller was in- tercession at the dawn of the year. clined to censure those who waited to begin their amendment on the first Beginning with 1858 an entire day of the year. "I see no day equal week at the beginning of the year to to-day; the instant time is the wa~ set apart for prayer for missions. fittest time," was his wise and true This was in response to the call, iscontention. Yet no one can afford sued by the Ludhiana Mission of to let the New Year pass without the American Presbyterian Church some effort toward betterment. in the autumn following the awful Indian Mutiny, to "all God's people This is true of missionary socie- of every name and nation" to unite ties as well as individuals. No or- in an annual week of prayer for the ganization is wise that fails at New conversion of the world. The plan Year's time to look carefully over met with immediate response and its record for the past year and to was widely adopted with beneficent introduce new features that will tend results. But by and by tlK Church toward better results in the future. at home became selfish and spent so much of the week in praying for Beginning the Year with Prayer herself, that she lost sight of the missionary motive. Two days of the In the old days it was the practise of the Church to devote much time at the beginning of the year to prayer for missions. For many years

week of prayer are still reserved for and the birth of Livingstone in 1913, prayer for missions, one for home, and the jubilee of VI/oman's Societies the other for foreign, but very few in 1910 and 19I1, have each con- churches make use of the topics as- tributed to the rising tide of mission- signed. ary enthusiasm, and the Judson cen- This is a custom-the setting apart tennial, now in progress, promises to of time at the beginning of the year carry it still higher. The Layman's for definite prayer for missions-that Missionary Movement, born at the needs reviving. What will you and Haystack Centenary, and the post- your church do about it? jubilee campaigns of the Woman's Missionary Anniversaries of 1914 Societies have enlisted thousands of Keeping anniversaries is one of the men and women who hitherto cared best ways to arouse interest in any little or nothing for missions.

cause or person and conserve the in- No missionary society can afford fluence thereof. Secular educators to lose the impetus that comes from understand this and have made great joining in the celebration of anniver- use of it in colleges and schools. The saries such as these, no matter in Church, too, is beginning to realize what denomination they occur. They the value of it. are the common property of the Much of the present advance in whole church and in the keeping of missions is due to the jubilees and them there is great reward. The cen- centenaries that have followed closely tenary of the American Baptist Mis- one upon another during recent years. sionary Society occurs on May 18, The wide publicity given to missions and every society, Baptist or other- on these occasions through pulpit and wise, should devote at least one meet- press has molded public opinion and ing to the story of Adoniram and raised missions to a higher plane; Ann Judson and the peculiar provi- and the recital of the heroic d~eds dences of God that led to the estab- of the early pioneers has begotten a lishment of the Burman mission and new spirit of enthusiasm and devo- the organizatio)1 of the second great tion throughout the whole Church. missionary society in America.

The centenaries of Carey and the Nor should the lesser anniversaries Baptist Missionary Society in 1892, of the year be forgotten, even tho the London Missionary Society in an entire program can not be de- 1896, and the Church Missionary So- voted to them. In the keeping of ciety in 1899 with their great meet- them, as of the more important onc'5, ings and fine output of literature there are great possibilities of brought the 19th century to a fitting kindling fires of interest and enthusi- close and prepared the way for the asm and planting missionary pur- great missionary revival now ill prog- poses in human hearts. The Mora- ress. In the new century the cen- vians understand this and through- tenaries of the Haystack meeting in out their wonderful history it has 1906, the American Board in 1910, been a great source of spiritual the sailing of the first American mis- power. In July, 1876, while the sionaries to India in 1912, the Wes- United States was rejoicing over its leyan Methodist Missionary Society lOoth birthday, the Moravians at

OF BEST METHODS

Paramaribo were celebrating the cen- January tenary of an event, insignificant in the eyes of the world, but great in I, IBS4-New Year's Prayer-meeting, at the sight of God and the hrethren-·- the lOath anniversary of the bap- Ongole, India, 60th Anniversary. See tism of the first negro convert in the mission in Surinam. "It was charac- MISSIONARY REVIEW, January, 1911, page4S. teristic of the Moravian habit of ranking spiritual interests before all I, IB74-0nening of the First Hospital for others that this event should be commemorated by a centenary observ- Women in the Orient by Doctor Clara ance," says Dr. Thompson in "Moravian Missions." "The church at SwaiTJ, at Bareilly, India, 40th Anniver- Paramaribo, which seats 2,400 persons, was decorated with palm sary. See "Western Women in Eastern branches and garlands of flowers and was thronged with worshipers at Lands," by Mrs. Montgomery. each of the three services that were held commemorating the event. The 31, 1834-Completion of Judson's Bible, Te Deuln was sung in Negro-English; the document recording the 80th Anniversary. See "Life of Adonibaptism-nearly destroyed by action of the climate-was brought out and ram Judson," by Edward Judson. read; and the occasion closed by the Brethren entering anew into a coven- February ant to maintain mutual love and love to the Savior upon that opening of II, 1889-Granting of Religious Liberty in a new century of Christian labor." Japan, 25th Anniversary. See "History In 1909 the MISSIONARY REVIEW published each month a calendar of of Missions in Japan," by Otis Cary. important missionary events occurring during the month with suggestions 22, IBI4-Charles Rhenius sailed for India, and material for celebrating one event each month. These could be used looth Anniversary. See "Men of Might with advantage by any missionary organization during the coming year. in India's Missions," by Holcomb. The following list of special anniversaries occurring during 1914 is March herewith given in the hope that many Sunday-schools and societies will I, IB54-Hudson Taylor landed in China, commemorate them, if not by a pro- 60th Anniversary. See MISSIONAR~ REgram, at least by some mention in the way of a story, a motto, a Scrip- VIEW, September, I90S, page 656. ture lesson, a prayer, or something appropriate to the occasion that will II, 'rB89-0pening of the Sharada Sadan, impress it on the mind: Ramabai's Home for Hindu Widows.

See MISSIONARY REVIEW, April, 1904.

21, 1844-Birth of George Leslie Mackay, 70th Anniversary. See "From Far For- mosa," by G. L. Mackay.

2B,IB49-Martyrdom of Christians in Madagascar, 65th Anniversary. See MIS- SIONARY REVIEW, March, 1909.

2B, IB74-0pening of the Martyr Memorial Church in Madagascar, 40th Anniversary.

See same as above.

29, 1739 (Easter Sunday)-Baptism of Ka- jarnar, First Moravian Convert in Green- land, I7Sth Anniversary. See MISSIONARY REVIEW, March, 1910.

April B, 17B4-Birth of Gordon Hall, I30th Anni- versary. See "Men of Might in India's Missions," by Holcomb.

IB, IB74-Burial of Livingstone in West- minster Abbey, 40th Anniversary. See MISSIONARY REVIEW, April, 1909, or any Life of Livingstone. .

28, IB34-Jason Lee Began Work in Ore- gon, Both Anniversary. See "Missionary History of the Pacific Northwest."

May IB, 1814-Founding of the American Baptist Missionary Society, Iooth Anniversary.

See "History of Baptist Missions," by Merriam.

IB, 1834-Birth of Sheldon Jackson, 80th Anniversary. See "Life of Sheldon Jack- son," by Stewart or Faris.

June 8, 1824-Judson Seized at Ava, 90th Anni- versary. See "Life of Judson," by Ed- ward Judson.

9, IB34-Death of William Carey, 80th An- niversary; See "Modern Heroes of the Mission Field," by Walsh or any Life of Carey.

II, 1744-0rdination of David Brainerd.

170th Anniversary. See "Life of Brain- erd," by Sherwood.

28, I834-Martyrdom of Lyman and Mun- Map Trips Around the World son in Sumatra, 80th Anniversary. See "Encyclopedia of Missions." Maps are an important adjunct to missions. It was teaching geography 28, I794-Birth of Allen Gardiner, I20th by means of maps in his little school Anniversary. See "pioneers and Found- at Moulton that turned Carey's ers," by Miss Yonge. thoughts to missions and studying geography at school in N ew York .!9, I864-Consecration of Samuel Crow- city sent Eliza Agnew to Ceylon. Our ther, the First Black Bishop of Modern Lord taught that "The field is the Times, in Canterbury Cathedral, 50th An- world," and while pastor of Brown Iliversary. See "Life of Samuel Crow- Memorial Church in Baltimore, Dr. cher," by Page. John Timothy Stone, the present Moderator of the Presbyterian Genjuly eral Assembly, kept a large globe .standing on his pulpit as a silent re- 18, I864-Neesima Sailed for America, 50th minder of this truth. Anniversary. See "Life of Neesima," by Maps have great power to focus Davis. attention and inspire interest, as 26, I864-Death of Fidelia Fiske, 50th An- every worker, especially among chil- dren, well knows. At the Schenec- niversary. See MISSIONARY REVIEW, May, tady County Sunday-school COilFen- rgo9· tion last October, Dr. W. J. Swart, a 28, I764-Birth of Samuel Marsden, Isoth medical missionary from Siam, told Anniversary. See "Pioneers and Found- of holding the attention of a group ers," by Miss Yonge. of boys for several hours one even- ing in a home where he was staying, August by pointing out on a map of the 1, I834-Death of Rotrert Morrison, 80th wotld the places he had passed through while en route from Siam Anniversary. See "Modern Heroes of and telling them stories about them. the Mission Field," by Walsh. The boys were so fascinated it was hard to get them to bed. 1, 1834-Emancipation Began to Take Ef- fect in the British West Indies, 80th An- At Silver Bay last July, Miss niversary. See "New Acts of the Apos- Susan C. Lodge, of Lansdowne, Fa.• tles," by Pierson. president of the Philadelphia Branch of the 'Noman's Foreign Missionary 14, I3I4-Lull Crossed to Bulgia, There to Society of the Methodist Episcopal Meet Death as a Martyr, 600th Anniver- Church, told of a map trip around sary. See "Life of Raymond Lull," by the world that had aroused great in- Zwemer. terest in her Sunday-school. Mr. W. G. Landis, superintendent of the 22, 1864-Completion of the Arabic Bible. school and secretary of the Pennsyl- soth Anniversary. See "Fifty-three Years vania' State Sunday-school Associa- in Syria," by Jessup. tion, having been appointed a mern· ber of the commission to the Orient September in connection with the World's Sun- 22. I884-Horace N. Allen, First Resident Missionary Arrived in Korea. 30th Anni- versary. See "Korea, the Hermit King- dom," by Griffis.

October 26. I834-Arrival in Canton of Peter Par- ker. First Medical Missionary to China. 80th Anniversarv. See "The Uplift of China." by Smith.

November First Sabbath, r864-Baptism of the First Jaoanese Convert, 50th Anniversary. See "History of Japanese Missions," by Cary, Vol. 2, page 56.

20, r839-Martyrdom of Tohn Williams, 7.-th Anniversarv. See "Modern Heroes of the Mission Field." by Walsh.

December -, r82d-Kapiolani Defied the Fire-gods of the Crater of Kilauea. 90th Anniversary. See "Transformation of Hawaii," by Brain.

5, 1834-Titus Coan S8iled for Hawaii, 80th Anniversary. See "Encyclopedia of Mis- sions."

25. r8r4-Samuel Marsden Preached his First Sermon to the. Maori Cannibals and Started the New Zealand Mission, loath Anniversary. See "Modern Heroes of the Mission Field," by Walsh.

day-~chool Convention at Zurich last Missions," one inch and a half summer, the school obtained a copy of his itinerary and followed him square, may be obtained from the around the world by means of a large map hanging in the Sunday- Woman's Board of the Northwest, school room. Each of Mr. Landis' stopping-places was marked by a Presbyterian, Room 48, 509 Wabash small flag and a short talk given about the people he was seeing and Avenue, Chicago, Ill., for 25 cents.) mission work among them. The itinerary for such a trip This is an excellent plan that could be used to advantage, not only in should start with the United States the Sunday-school but in the Young People's Society also, during the Sun- (if the school is located there) and days of an entire year or a portion of it. It need not occupy more than should include both home and foreign five minutes a Sunday and the information gained and the interest TI11SSlOns. At each stopping-place aroused would more than justify the expenditure of time. Very few something should be told about the schools are fortunate enough to have a 'superintendent on a tour around mlsslOnary. Usually a short story, a the world, but an imaginary itinerary can be planned by the missionary quotation, a favorite hymn or Bible committee; or, as Miss Lodge suggesteq, the itinerary of Mrs. Mont- text will make a deeper and more gomery and Mrs. Peabody or Dr. Samuel B. Capen or some other lasting impression than an extended prominent person or persons could be used. biography. The following list of An adaptation of this plan might great missionaries covers most of the also be used to teach the names and stations of 52 great missionaries, one mission fields and all of the leading a week during the year, the idea being to make a map-trip around the denominations. Other names may be world visiting places made famous by their work. The requisites for this substituted, and denominational misplan are a large map of the world, a list of the missionaries, and 52 flags sionaries may be used entirely if deor knots of ribbon to be fastened to the map at the various stopping- sired. There is no better way than places. Small pictures of the missionaries may also be used to ad- this to teach the names and stations vantage if the map is large enough. (Portraits of the 50 missionaries in- of the -missionaries working unde! cluded in the game, "Who's Who in one's own board, tho the trip can not be made quite so attractive with these on account of the difficulty of ob- taining interesting material: United States-John Eliot, David Brainerd, David Zeisberger, Marcus Whitman.

Canada-James Evans, Egerton Young. Labrador-Wilfred T. Grenfell. Alaska-William Duncan, Sheldon Jackson. Mexico-Melinda Rankin, William Butler. South America-Allen Gardiner. Hawaii-Titus Coan. Japan-James Hepbnrt1. Guido Verbeck, Joseph Hardy Neesima. Formosa-George Leslie Mackay. Korea-Henry Appenzeller. China-Robert Morrison. Peter Parker, Hudson Taylor. Tohn Kenneth Mackenzie, Joseph Schereschewsky. Mongolia-James Gilm'mr. Burma-Adoniram Juoson. India-Bartholomew Ziegenbalg, Christian Frederick Schwartz, William Carey, Alexander Duff, James Thoburn, John Everett Clough, Pandita Ramahai. Cevlon-John Scudder (also worked in In- dia), Eliza Ag-new. Persia–Henry Martyn (also worked in In- dia), Fideli'l Fiske. Arabia-Ion Keith-Falconer.

Turkey-Cyrus Hamlin, William Goodell. as good for grown-ups as for chil- Syria-Cornelius Van Dyck, Henry H. Jes- dren, perhaps even better. Such a map hanging in the prayer-meeting sup. room of the church would be an in- Africa-Theodosius Vanderkemp, Robert spiration to the congregation and will have great educational value, especial- Moffat, John Ludwig Krapf, David Liv- ly if the ll,1arking of the stations in ingstone, Samuel Crowther, Alexander the various fields forms one feature Mackay, James Hannington. of the programs of the monthly mis- New Zealand-Samuel Marsden, George sionary meetings of the church. Augustus Selwyn. South Seas-John Williams, John Coleridge Our Own Mission Fields Patteson. New Guinea-James Chalmers. "The Missionary Survey" for No- Fiji Islands-James Calvert. vember, 1913, prints the following bit New Hebrides-John G. Paton. Greenland-Hans Egede. of rime contributed by Mrs. J. M.

Information about these mISSIOn- Williams, of Wesson, Miss., who has found it helpful in teaching the aries may be found in biographies, juniors the mission fields of the Southern Presbyterian Church-their the Encyclopedia of Missions, and own denomination. Tho they can not use it as it stands, workers in files of the MISSIONARY REVIEW. other denominations will filld !t sug- gestive: "Fifty Missionary Heroes Every Boy A is for Africa, dark as the night; and Girl Should Know," by Julia H. B for Brazil, still groping for light; C is for China, a land far away; Johnston (Revell, $1.00), and "Who's C also for Cuba-it waits for the day; Who in Missions," a card game ] for Japan-some day Christ will win; K for Korea, weary of sin; (Sunday-school Times Company, 50 M is for Mexico-great is its need; cents), will be found very helpful. o workers, go hasten to scatter the seed!

Still another adaptation of the map- Bulletin-Boards trip idea (one that was used with Is there a missionary bulletingreat success by the writer some board hanging in your church-vesti- bule? I f not, it would be a good years ago in a mission band of girls plan to put up one and begin its use on the first Sunday in the year. If from eight to sixteen). is to take a you can't get the board in time, begin by tacking bulletins to the wall with map-trip around the world for the thumb-tacks, and procure the board· as soon as possible thereafter. purpose of visiting the various fields in which one's denominational mission ·Wherever the bulletin-board has had a fair trial, it has proved an efboard is working. A large map of fective way of advertising missions. Hung in a conspicuous place in the the world is necessary for this, pref- vestibule, few persons who attend the church services will lail to stop, erably one that is put out by the for a moment if not longer, on the way in or out, to see what is on it. denominational board and has the stations marked on it. A brief stop should be made at each station; its location marked by a tiny flag, a bow of bright ribbon or merely the bright, brass head of a paper fastener; and some brief item of interest should be given about the work.

At the end of a year in which this plan has been followed, it will be found that the map has acquired a new value, for it will be possible to tell at a glance just where the board is at work, and how many stations it has in each field. The plan is quite

OF BEST METHODS S7

The board itself can be made of than the customary printed lists of inexpensive wood, stained' to match new books.

the woodwork or covered with burlap 3. Clippings from the daily papers in harmonicus tint, and finished with having a bearing on missions. In a narrow molding and hangers of "Missionary Methods for Sunday- some sort. I f there is some one in school Workers" (StJpday-school the congregation who can make it Times Company, 50 cents), Mr. Trull (preferably a boy who has had a gives some very clever suggestions course in manual training and whose for making these news items more interest can be enlisted thereby) the effective.

cost will be almost nothing. 4. Lists of questions on the con- If the committee put in charge is tents of some missionary magazine, wide awake and fully alive to the such as "The Clues to the Contents"

possibilities of the bulletin-board it printed each month in the JlvhSSJON- can be made a great power. Every ARY REVIEW; week should find something new on 5. Effective charts or small maps it-something radically different from the week before. There is such an colored or shaded to bring out cerabundance of material available and tain striking facts. These may be so many clever ways of putting it, found in almost all the mission study that there~ will be no trouble about books.

6. Quotations from great mission- securing variety. Here is a list of aries and testimonies to the value of things that may be posted on it: missions from great travelers and statesmen. I. Announcements of forthcoming meetings, in the form of attractive 7. Portraits of great missionaries posters, if possible. These should and striking pictures of scenes and have the right of way. It was while events in missionary lands, such as stopping for a moment to read the announcemep.t of a missionary mcet- "The Burning of the Opium Pipes ing posted on a bridge at the little in China," printed in the "Literary town of vVarrington, England, that Digest"; "Six Thousand New Testa- ments for Distribution among the Robert Moffat heard God's call. Police of Tokyo" (piled up in the 2. The outside paper cover of the form of a large cross) in the "Rec- latest book added to the missionary ord of Christian Work," November, library. This is the best way to ad- 1913, page 756; and "Contrasts in vertise new books. In the Public Womanhood in India," MrssIONARY Library of Schenectady, New York, REVIEW, April, 1913. Portraits of whence this suggestion came, it has missionaries and quotations printed long been the custom to pin the in suitable size for bulletin-boards paper covers of new books to a large may be obtained from the Missionary burlap-covered screen standing in the Education Movement, 156 Fifth center of the entrance hall. Almost Avenue, New York.

everyone stops to examine them, 8. Anniversaries of great events in and many 'go in at once to ask for missionary history presented in some the books. Mr. Glenn, the librarian, novel and attractive form.

regards it as much more effective 9. N otiees of articles of a mission-

ary character found in secular maga- obeying our Lord's command to pray zines or papers, and chapters of es- for laborers that should not be omitpecial interest in missionary books. ted. That this day, so sacredly ob- served in days gone by, is still ob- 10. Late neWs from the mission served in a majority of colleges, is field, clipt from missionary maga- a matter for rej oicing ; that it has lost zines, accompanied by pictures, if so much of its early significance and possible. power, is a cause for sorrow.

WILL ACT AS BEST MAN AT THE In one of the older Eastern col- WILSON WEDDING leges that has an enviable record for the number of ministers and mis- DR. W. T. GRENFELL. sionaries that in its early days were Special Dispatch to Commercial Tribune. trained within its walls, the number of those who enter the sacred calling NEW YORK, Oct. .3I.-Dr. Wilfred T. for either pastoral or missionary ser- Grenfell, medical miSSIOnary to the fisher- vice is now quite small. An elect men of Newfoundland and Labrador, has lady whose father waS for more than arrived here. He will act as best man at 40· years pastor of what was rethe wedding of Miss Jessie Wilson, daugh- garded as the college church, and ter of President Wilson, to his friend, who has herself been in close touch Francis B. Sayre, at the Nhite House next with the college during a large part month. Dr. Grenfell has known President of its history, was asked if she Wilson's prospective son-in-law for many could give any reason for the falling years. Mr. Sayre was secretary to the mis- off. Without a moment's hesitation, sionary in Labrador and has also con- she replied: "It is due almost entributed largely to the mission fund. tirely to the fact that we no longer observe the Day of Prayer for Col- The Day of Prayer for Colleges leges as we used to do. There used to be long seasons of pr.ayer in the January 22, the day of prayer for college chapel and aU-day meetings colleges, affords an opportunity for for fasting and prayer in almost all the churches. We asked God to raise up ministers and missionaries among the students and He did it."

In view of the great need oi laborers, not only on the mission field, but in the homeland where there are so many pastorless churches, mis- sion~ry organizations of all kinds would do well to keep the day, if not in special session, at least by appoint- ing a prayer-hour to be kept by the members in private at home.

"Ye have not because ye ask not.·' EDITORIALS MISSIONARY PUBLICITY Asia. This directory may be ob- MODERN inventions and modern tained free of cost to travelers in methods are being more and the East by writing to one of the more harnessed to the chariot of Missionary Boards. The small vol- God in the interests of missionary ume contains much of real interest progress. Formerly a few interested and value to every traveler and gives friends met at the wharf to say fare- besides a list of the various mission- well to one or two devoted souls ary agencies and activities in the who with "their lives in their hands principal cities of Asia and Egypt. and their hearts in their throats" :his publicity will no doubt greatly went valiantly forth into the lands 1l1crease the demands upon mission- of darkness and death. To-day aries but it should also help forward there are farewell receptions, dinners the work they are doing. and conferences where hundreds say God-speed to parties of from twenty The missionary light is not "hid to one hundred out-going mission- under a bushel" and the things that aries. Then long, weary, lonely these men and women are doing are journeys, full of danger and discom- not done so much "in a corner" as fort marked the pathway of those they were 50 years ago. To-day who were going out "to prepare the way of the Lord." Recently a everyone may know, if he will, of special car was chartered to carry missionaries from Chicago to San the real character and value of Francisco and on one Pacific Mail the missionary's service to mankind. S. S. company's vessel there were Their manner of life, the character fifty-seven missionaries-one-fourth and results of their work, the nature of the first cabin passengers-outward of the native Christians and the ex- botlnd for the Orient; and no one tent of Christian missionary influence suggested that their presence brought are manifest. Results in political, so- ill-luck to the steamer! The Presby- cial, intellectual and physical as well terian Board alone sent out nearly as in religious life show the power of Chri:;t. To-day he who runs may read and he who reads may run and tell the news to others.

roo new and returning missionaries last year and over 40 have g'One out THE LOUIS MEYER FUND under the Christian and Missionary I Alliance-an undenominational so- T is contrary to our rules to pub- lish appeals for individuals how- ciety only 25 years old. These num- bers as well as the high quality of ever deserving and needy they may the men and women going out have be. We cannot refrain, however, of COurse attracted considerable atten- from calling attention to the fund for tion on land and on the sea. the family of our late esteemed co- Another modern advance in the in- editor, Dr. Louis Meyer. His de- terest of publicity has been the plac- voted and self-sacrificing life may ing of missionary libraries on board lead many of God's stewards, and of steamships bound for the Orient. others blest by his ministries, to help Now a new step has been taken in supply the pressing needs of the the publication of a "Tourist Direc- yidow and orphans. It is through tory of Christian Work in the Chief human channels that the Heavenly Cities of the Far East, India and Father cares for His suffering chil- Egypt." This is an excellent idea dren. Friends may correspond with and leaves the traveler no excuse Mrs. C. T. Rounds, treasurer of the for ignorance of the amount and fund, 1425 Solon Place, Chicago, character of missionary work in Illinois. TOPICS FOR 1914 July- The Islands of the Sea and – MANY readers of the REVIEW de- Australasia. sire a list of monthly topics Arctic Missions, Alaska, Lab- rador, etc. that will help them in their programs Sunday-school Missions. for meetings during the year. Some excellent suggestions in this line will Augl1st- be found in OJ,l.r Department of Best Papal Europe. Methods this month. The news of Roman Catholicism. the Kingdom is so varied and chang- ing, and the March of Events so Immigrants in America. rapid that we can not predict the Bible Distribution. leading topics that will be treated each month. It is our plan, however, September- to cover the world field during the Japan, Korea, Formosa. year and to give prominence month Shinto. by month to the various mission Medical Missions. fields, the religions and the methods Young People's Societies. and problems of missionary work .at The American Indians. home and abroad. As a general guide to these topics we publish the October- following monthly tOpics: Moslem Lands. Islam. January- Laymen's Missionary Nork. The World Wide Survey. Christian Literature. A Review of the Year. The Church at Home. November- Literature of Missions. South America. Frontier Missions m Amenca. February- Voman's Vork. The Chinese Republic. The Mormons. Tibet, Mongolia, Manchuria. Confucianism and Taoism. December- Orientals in America. Russia and Greece. Greek, Armenian and other March- Mexico, Central America, Oriental Churches. Vest Indies. The Jews and Judaism. City Missions and Social Ser- Missionary Finance. vice. This list of topics may also serve The Anti-Vice Crusade. to suggest the date for articles sub- Unoccupied Fields. mitted to the REVIEW for publication. Ve welcome all such contributions April- and will give them as prompt atten- India, Burma, Ceylon. tion as possible, returning those un- used and paying ·for those accepted. Hindustan, Jainism, etc. Articles fo!' publication should reach the Editor not less than two months Educational Missions. in advance of the desired date of May- pu blicatiol1. Siam, Laos, Malaysia. The types of articles most desired Buddhism. Missions to Lepers: are those that show signs of mission- Philanthropic Agencies, Re- ary progress, new and successful lief Work. methods of work, special needs and problems, life stories of missionaries June-· and native Christians, practical me- Africa and Madagascar. thods of arousing and interesting the Fetishism and Animism. churches at home, inspiring incidents Neg-roes in America. Industrial Missions. and examples, and the true character of non-Christian religions as re- vealed in their literature, religious customs and practical results.

WORLD-WIDE

MISSIONARY NEWS Interdenominational Cooperation there will be given a favorable response. In this connection, mention ONE of the most pleasing features should be made of the joint action which is being carried on at the train- . of foreign missionary enterprise ing college for Indian Christian women in Calcutta, where lady work- 1ll recent years is the growing interde- ers, quite irrespective of ecclesiastical differences, are working most happily nominational cooperation, and that together."

~ithou~ 0e sacrifice of any distinc- tive princIples. The Christian World of London, speaking moofstthries cemnat t tienr~ says: "One of the stances of this sensible and economical What a Dollar Will Do rapprochement appears in the decision LITTLE Allen was keenly inter- of the Wesleyan Missionary Society ested in the experience of a rela- to unite with the Baptists in the theo- tive of the family who had been lo~ical classes of the Calabar College, fifteen years in India. He wanted to Kmgston, Jamaica. This, following help, but he had so little. He won- upon the opening of Serampore Col- dered what a dollar would do. The lege in India to all sections of Chris- missionary soon returned to her home.

tians, both as to its teaching staff and He would send her the dollar and its students-a step of which .advant- ask her .what it could do. After a age is being duly taken-is certainly time he received a reply showing all to the good. The most remarkable "what a little boy's doIIar did" in case of this cooperation is, in the having paid for the IJfinting of copies opinion of many, to be found in Delhi, of the following circular: where Anglican missionaries have not 1. Keep a child from starving for 50 only handed over a hostel to the Bapt- days.

ist missionary, but have invited him 2. Feed and clothe an orphan for 25 to take part in the work of their col- days.

lege and to give Scripture teaching. 3. Pay for the education of an orphan In China, too, for some time, with for 25 days.

. every satisfaction, the Baptist Mis- 4. Feed a poor widow for a month.

sionary Society and the Ameri- 5. Furnish a teacher for untaught children 2 weeks.

can Presbyterian missions have 6. Send out a Bible woman for 2 weeks acted together in the Theological when she may brighten 50 homes and and Normal College in Ching Chu Fu, 200 souls.

and at Wei Hsien and Chi-Nan-Fu, 7. Send out an evangelist for 1 week who may reach at least 14 villages and 1,400 souls. . Baptists and Angelicans have joined 8. Send out a colporteur with the Bible in the arts and medical institutions. for 12 days. On the Kongo also the English and 9. Buy 50 copies of the Gospel in any American Baptists are working to- language.

gether in the native training college 10. Buy 12 New Testaments in any at Kimpese. Another illustration of language. 11. Buy 3 Bibles in any language. this cooperation is presented in a pro- 12. Se~ in motion incalculable influposal to establish a united steamer ences. transport for Protestant missions on Why Give to Missions Weekly? the Kongo, an appeal having been REV. A. F. McGARRAH gives the made to the Baptist Missionary following five reasons for weekly Society to undertake the task, an giving to missions: appeal to which, if practicable,

I. It is scriptural. It is an act of The Divine Will is there, the one worship and should be a part of each principal purpose in the affairs of public service. Ps. ¢: 8. mankind. The only thing lacking is the instrument, which must be the 2. It is of untold advantage to the Church. When each one, and all in giver. Brings him into a closer and the Church, shall find that "spirit of more vital fellowship with his Lord wisdom," the spirit of willingness and Savior; makes business a spiri- and of "a sound mind," that shall tual service; leads to more earnest give all gladly, being "rich toward consideration of other duties to his God," and shall be able to receive needy brothers; causes larger interest bountifully and ready to administer in and more study of missions; stirs wisely, then shall great opportunities up to more diligent and more earnest find us ready to meet them simply, prayer; proves a moral help against gratefully, grandly! dishonest business methods during the week (for who dare offer God NORTH AMERICA that which is unclean?); causes an increase of the ease of giving; and Salvation Army Progreas means increased prosperity for the giver. T HE recent visit to America of General William Bramwell Booth 3. It is of great aid to the minister. calls attention to the wonderful Because it does away with appeals and growth of the Salvation Anny. Gendiscouragements at their frequent eral Booth is the leader of an army, failure. which with its affiliated agencies, numbers over a hundred thousand 4. It is desirable for the Church. men and women. By his authority Enables the rich and the poor to give some 82 periodicals are issued, scores according to their ability, and causes of industrial homes and schools, shelan increase in benevolence from 100 ters for women and children, hotels to 500 per cent.; gives it a right to for men, and farms for the "down the blessings promised, for obedience and out" are maintained. The Salvato scriptural principles and methods. tion Army has an annual revenue from its industries and from volun- 5. It is almost imperative jar the tary contributions of $30,000,000. welfare of the missionary cause. Like his father, the present Gen- The Real Difficulty eral Booth is what may be called a benevolent despot. The property and W E think in such large figures the policy of the Army, even the de- now-a-days that the title of a termination of his successor, are unrecent article in The Christian Intel- der his absolute control. ligencer "Why Do We Not Have $100,000,000 for Missions?" is not so Bible Teachers' Training·school and startling as it would once have been. The writer, indeed, says that we Missions should have $500,000,000, and outlines a possible distribution of such T HE Bible Teachers' Trainingan amount, showing that the field school of New York has been could absorb, and find good use for, taken as a model by the Nanking such a sum. The only reason why School of Theology, the Fuchau the Church does not have such large Union Theological School, and the amounts of money at her command Memorial Bible School of Seoul, must be that she can not be trusted Korea. It is a school that emphasizes with them. The need is there, for a thorough knowledge of the Bible the Gospel was given for all and and a practical use of its teachings in these have it not. The means are Christian work. Missionaries 'On furthere, within the Divine power; and we lough or in course of preparation atmight easily figure that they are, even tend the school, and a strong student now, in the hands of the Church. volunteer band of about fifty has been

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

organized. Missionary lectures are land purchases, etc., total $500,000; given, and there are now on various but this is the equipment for 31 staforeign fields 302 former students of tions, hundreds of out-stations, and this school. makes possible more efficient and far- Student Volunteer Convention reaching' work of the presenL force of T HE next quadrennial convention of missionaries. . the Student Volunteer movement is to be held in Kansas City, Mo., De- Much, therefore, is still to be done cember 3I, I9I3, to January 4, I914. in the remaining year and a half of the carnraign.

These conventions have always been The Methodist Missionary Funds gatherings of remarkable inspiration METHODIST Episcopal benevoand power. Two thousand ,or more lence has now reached $5,000,- students gather from all North Amer- 000 a year. It is divided among: the ica and speakers of national and inter- Board of Foreign Missions, $1,500,- national reputation bring messages 000; the women's foreign work, from the Word of God and from the $92 5,000; the women's home work, world of God. The general secretary $7°0,000; the general home work, $I,- is Mr. F. P. Turner, 600 Lexington 400,000; and the balance made up Ave., New York. by the smaller societies. At the The Presbyterian China Campaign meeting of the Foreign Board held in November, it was shown that re- T HE Presbyterian Board over a ceipts for regular work last year year ago undertook a three-year were about $50,000 more than the campaign for funds and men, which preceding year, and a debt of $138,- should enable the Board to send out 000 was reduced to one of $90,000. a hundred new missionaries, and add The women gave to foreign work needed equipment for the efficiency and increase of the work. last year $110,000 more than on any previous year. Converts on the so- The committee in charge reported called heathen fields are giving toto the General Assembly last May that ward their own support $850,000 "more than $300,000 have already a year. It was decided at this meetbeen pledged, and about forty men and ing of the foreign board to send adwomen have oftered themselves to go ditional missionaries at once into to ,China. The China campaign as Mexico, and try to prevent further carried on last year not only did not uprisings. interfere with the other benevolences Rescue Mission; Unite of the Board, but so far as can be I judged from the testimony of pas- Nmost cities the work of rescue tors and elders in whose churches the missions has been conducted on campaigns were held, were a great independent lines and has centered spiritual benefit to the Church and around the personality of the leader.

community." But the passion for organization, It should be noted, however, that, which is one of the distinctive fea- deducting vacancies filled, and the tures of our time, has taken posses- number needed each yeai" by way of sion of leaders in this line of ser- reenforcement, the additions to the vice also, and the latest "Interna- staff are only about twenty, or one- tional Union" is one of Gospei Mis- fifth of the new missionaries re- sions. This took form in N ew York quired. City last aut1:imn, and Mr. Sidney The requests from the China mis- 'Whittemore was elected president.

sions for property equipment, includ- Representative mission workers ing school, academy, college and semi- from the principal cities of the nary buildings, churches and chajJels. United States and Canada make up institutional churches and evangelistic the board of trustees, and il is headquarters, hospitals, residences, planned to hold a convention 111

Cedar Rapids, Iowa, next spring. A Campaign Against Polygamy Local federations are also being or- THE United States Congress is at ganized. The main object of the last confronted with a compre- Union is to arouse the churches to a new and deeper interest· in this hensive and unavoidable issue on the form of Christian effort. As one of question of polygamy. Congressthe leaders puts it, "the workers in man Gillett of Massachusetts has Gospel missions do, in a special and offered in the house an "eighteenth amendment" to the national constipeculiar way, represent some of the tution in the following form: fundamentally distinctive features of the Christian religion." "Section I. Polygamy shall not exist within the United States or Moral Victories in Texa. any place subject to their jurisdic- tion. HE ministers in the churches of T Austin, Texas, haye achieved a "Section 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by apgreat moral victory over commercial- propriate legislation."

ized vice in their city, which is hav- The legislation required to stamp out polygamy is a matter to coning the effect of a moral revival sider later; the thing in view now is to make sure of bringing the whole throughout the state. The united subject under federal jurisdiction.

Protestant pastors conducted a pub- Noone will dare oppose this prin- ciple; even in Utah, in the present licity campaign of newspaper ad- state of public sentiment, the Mor- mons themselves will not dare say vertising quite on the lines made fa- openly that this is a bad addition to the constitution. Undoubtedly they miliar in Atlanta, backing these ap- hope for a time when they could fight such a proposal openly and dipeals to public sentiment by much rectly, but at present they would venture nothing more than arguing preaching on the subj ect and by that it is not necessary.

mass meetings in the churches. Sus- The effective answer to that argu- ment "It is not necessary," is not in tained by a bare majority of the proof that the Mormons are practis- ing polygamy, but rather that they council, the mayor issued an order teach that polygamy is the Ideal marriage state, and that they exclosing the vice resorts of the town pect eventually to obtain the legaliza- tion of it. October 1st. To fortify the city The Call to Indian Students against the danger of a reaction, the THE American Indian delegates ministers have secured the coopera- at the World's Student Chris- tion of influential laymen in the tian Federation at Mohonk last June sent out the following call to Indian organization of the Austin Anti- students in North American schools and colleges: Vice League, which already has a "Ve earnestly express as our conmembership of hundreds, rapidly in- viction, attested by the knowledge of our respective tribes and our several creasing. • personal experiences, that the one fundamental need of the Red Men All this development of sentiment 'is Jesus Christ; that the Indian race will achieve a greater glory or will in Austin has attracted attention in other cities of Texas, and in Dallas the Council of Churches has had a busy time with the fight on the "reservation." In the summer it in- vited before it the police commis- sioner and discust with him the abolition of the district set aside by the city commission for vice. He refused to abolish it." The council gave him and the city notice that the first work of the churches this autumn would be a battle royal on legalized vice. That battle has stirred the city and it has resulted in doing away with what has been a long-established institution.

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

vanish from the earth according as had a monopoly of the island for it receives or rejects Jesus Christ; nearly 400 years.

that in Him only is to be found that SPANISH AMERICA. power that saves from the vices, greed, gross materialism, and selfish- A Notable Convert from Romani.m.

ness of modern civilization, and that B0 R N in Spain, for over 30 leads to the glory of a blameless years a Franciscan monk, now a Indian womanhood and manhood. Presbyterian missionary to his na- tive land-this is the outline of the "In view of these indisputable life story of Dr. Juan Orts Gonfacts we bid every Christian student zalez. He was one of the distinto stand with us, and to take heart guished scholars of his church, for as never before. And we call upon seven years president of a college, all Christian agencies working in and the recipient of unusual honors Indian student centers to strengthen and privileges. Among these was their hands in the endeavor to lead permission to read prohibited books. students to a personal adherence to His reading led him to question Jesus Christ and to foster all in- some of the main doctrines of Rofluences working for a settlement of manism, and further doubts were Indian problems along the lines of created by the discovery through Christian statesmanship."

Missionary Giving of a Canadian travel and study that far from Church Roman Catholic countries only be- T HE Sherbourne Street Methodist ing truly civilized and really pros- church of Toronto, Canada, sets perous and happy, as he had been a noble example by contributing readily persuaded to believe, both in the past and to-day the Roman twice as much to missions as to Catholic religion has always been accurrent expenses during the year companied "by the ignorance, poverty, decadence and ruin of the peoples ending September 30, 19I1: Total which have profest it, and that the for local church pttrposes, $12,075·- Protestant religion, on the contrary, 16; total for direct missionary work, $20,004.02; total for city mission- has been associated with the pros- perity, civilization, and uplift of ary and extension work, $2,104.21; every country and nation which has total for connectional funds (edu- followed its doctrines." cational, superannuation, etc.), $2,- 678.80; total, $36,806.1g. The fig- This remarkable man was so in earures giv.en above do not include nest about attaining to holiness and building fund subscriptions, nor pri- peace that for more than ten years vate givings to educational or be- he whipt himself daily except SUlJ.- nevolent work. The report shows day or holy days until the blood a decrease of $1,000 in current ex- came. In a recent article in The penses and an increase of over $2,- Continent, he draws attention to 000 to benevolences over the pre- what he believes to be a serious danvious year. ger.

Churches in Porto Rico There is already in the air not A C H U R C H c ens u s of both only the possibility but the strong Pro t est ant and Romanist probability of an American Roman churches in 23 municipalities, con- Catholic federation, beginning with taining 40 per cent. of the popUlation Canada and extending to the end of of the island, shows a total Romanist Patagonia.

attendance of 8,094; of Protestant, Catholic papers and Catholic bish- 8,870, an excess of 776 in favor of ops have often spoken in the highest the Reformed churches. Protestant terms of praise of such a policy and mission work is hardly 10 years of have indorsed it heartily. If a po- age, while the Church of Rome has litico-religious federation is formed,

then 110t only will every Protestant The English Church Army movement in Spanish America be THIS organiz.ation, patterned after crusht but even in this country the SalvatIon Army, is little Protestantism will be handicapped and the nation become entangled. more than 30 years old, yet it has so grown as to require 40 secretaries The Papacy in Brazil in its five-storied headquarters. Its annual budget amounts to $920,000. THE Correia Paulistano, a morning Its 400 evangelists and officers and . paper. of Sao Paulo, Brazil, pub- its 300 sisters work in cooperation hs~~~ on Its front page some scathing with the state church. Seventy cntlC1sms of the abuses which have preaching vans of the Church Army overtaken the Roman Church in cross England in all directions. In Brazil. They are the more striking London it carries on homes for outwhen their source is considered. casts, and similar institutions in 35 provincial cities. In its charge are "Catholicism has a great advantage numerous other institutions: a model over Protestantism in having an exter- farm for out-oF-works, homes of nal worship. External worship is as various description, numerous disnecessary to religion as scenery is to pensaries, a hospice for tuberculous the drama; but everything in this life children, etc. The Army is thoroughis liable to transformation and de- ly evangelical in character. It terioration. Perhaps, only in Portu- preaches the need of a real re-birth, guese Africa, under the influence of of holiness in heart and life. From the burning Libyan winds, is it pos- it the parish clergy are provided with sible to find devotion so sincere, and experienced evangelists, colporteurs, at the same time so noisy, as in Brazil. nurses and women misisonaries. It is incredible that in a city which calls itself highly civilized, the police and its authorities permit festivities AEnlisting the Young for Work which have nothing religious about WESLEY GUILD in England them, and only serve to augment the has reached a membership of criminal register." (iS2, with a junior guild of 500 boys EUROPE and girls. The lookout committee T A Wealeyan Centennial has mapped out every part of the HE British vVesleyans have been church and assigned a definite task celebrating the beginning and to each worker. No stranger ever progress of their foreign missionary gets away without an invitation to work. The beginning was a hundred attend the guild meeting. The whole years ago, and the record of achieve- neighborhood has been visited. As ments through the century was a soon as the Sunday-school boys and just and adequate cause of rejoicing. girls reach the age fixt for enter- The celebration had been planned to ing the guild they are welcomed and include a great gathering at Vest- made to feel at home. The junior minster in the new Central Build- guild is, of course, the great feedingings, and a simultaneous celebration ground of the older society.

in all the districts and circuits 'fHE CONTINENT throughout the land. It was ar- Protestantism in Europe ranged that on Sunday evening at 7 o'clock, the congregations in all the HE report of the Continental chapels, from Wesley's in London T Mission to the Irish General As- to the tiny wayside chapel in the re- sempIy says this about the progress motest hamlet, should bow for a of Protestantism on the Continent: moment in silent prayer, and then "The French Protestants have now rise to sing: "All hail the power of surmounted the temporary acute dif- Jesus' Name," to the tune "Miles ficulties created by the Separation Lane." Act, dissolving the connection be-

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tween Church and State:. . . They He is one of the most brilliant and have now a considerably larger in- successful writers of the present day, come from the free will offerings of as his book, entitled, "The Quest of the members than they formerly re- the Historical Jesus," witnesses. Havceived from the State. . . . Evan- ing had the matter of becoming a gelistic work is being carried on missionary upon his mind for some more extensively and vigorously time, he studied medicine, and has than hitherto. . . . And a farther now gone at his own expense to the and cheering factor in the situatiofl French Kongo-his work, while indeis that more and better men are of- pendent, to be closely affiliated with fering themselves for education for that of the Paris society. The funds the ministry. which are supporting Dr. Schweitzer have been secured through his gifts as "In Italy the influence of Protest- a musician. He is known throughout antism is seen, not merely in the Germany as a brilliant organist, and members enrolled in the different perhaps the greatest authority upon churches, but also in the spread of the music of Bach. The British spiritual life, and of a ·desire for re- Weekly speaks of him as ."a tall, form inside the Church of Rome. broad-shouldered man in the late thir- The cultured Italian modernists find ties, powerfully built. He has a pleastheir spiritual nourishment in Protest- ant dark eye, dark hair, worn rather ant literature; our latest books are short, with no suggestion of the diletto be found in their private libraries, tante, features blunt but well cut, with either in their original language or the strong chin of the man of action; in translations; and in their writings, the whole personality keenly alive and in their sermons, in their modernis- magnetic." tic utterances, the influence of French Protestant literature, es- Hospital Pledged for Albania pecially, is evident." REFERENCE was made in the Moral Decline in France December number of the RE- VIEW to the great opportunity be- A GROUP of Frenchmen declare fore the American Board in Al- ,," that a brutal appetite for bania, and it is a cause for thallks- . pleasure has been intensified in giving that some steps are being France; that scandals, crimes, sui- taken to meet it. At the annual cides and madness have multiplied. meeting of the American Board in They have posted statements to this Kansas City Miss Ellen M. Stone effect with reasons for the decline of pleaded for the Board to take postheir national power, on walls session of Albania in the name of throughout their country. They Christ. Learning that the Prudenstate that in the past few years more tial Committee had authorized the than 350,000,000 obscene papers and raising of a fund of $65,000 for pamphlets and IO,OOO,OOO filthy postal pushing the work in Albania, with cards and photographs have been cir- trembling voice she said: "This is culated in France. Besides these, it just the sum you paid for my reis said that thousands and thousands lease when I was captured by brigof excitements to debauchery from ands. You paid $65,000 to save one music halls, cafe chantants and real- American woman. Will you not do istic plays, have contributed to this as much to save a nation?" It was awful condition. If "we sow the a thrilling moment. wind we shall reap the whirlwind." After an address by Rev. C. T. A German Scholar as Missionary Erickson, of Albania, a home mis- siona,ry pastor from North Dakota RELIGIOUS and academic circles arose and headed a movement to in Europe are deeply stirred by raise $10,000 to build a Christian the going out to Africa of the famous hospital in Albania. The following German scholar, Dr. Albert Schweitzer.

cable message was sent from the cussion of questions of curriculum, meeting to the Albanian Govern- training of teachers, the use and abuse ment: of text-books, physical training, com- ity, salaries, relations with the govern- "Kaimal Bey, President, Avlona. ment, and Sunday-school work. The American Board of Missions in annual meeting assembled, profound- The Les.oD of the Balkan War ly sympathizes with Albania. May God speedily send peace, prosperity MR. FRANKLIN E. HOSKINS, and the triumph of national right- a missionary in Syria for 30 eousness. A modern hospital pledged years, speaks with authority of con- for Albania." ditions in that part of the world. He says, in a recent letter: "While each The following reply was received: nationality has had its champions to "American Board of Missions, Bos- uphold the one and defame all 'the ton. Thanks for dispatch. Please rest, it is more than certain that present the gratitude of the Albanian everyone of them has a story of people and government to the Ameri- barbaric crime and outrage. But it can Board for past and future fa- is equally certain that some have re- vors. Ismail Kemal, President of ceived much more of the blame than Provisional Government of Albania." they deserve. The Greeks have done the most looting and burning, the ASIA-MOSLEM LANDS Servians next.

Planning a Campaign "There is one lesson (of the Bal- kan War) written large for all who As a result of an educational con- are interested in Protestant Missions. ference in Beirut, Syria, in Austrian, Russian, and Turkish in- 191I, the Missionary Educational fluence have done their best and Union of Syria and Palestine has been their worst to keep Protestant mis- formed. The aim is to afford oppor- sions out of the Balkans. Austria tunity for cooperation among educa- has represented the most cruel and tional workers in these lands. The des pot i c influences of Roman first regular meeting was held in J eru- Catholicism. Russia has represented salem July 31, August I and 2, with the most archaic form of the Chris- the Rev. W. S. Nelson, of the Ameri- tian Church, while Turkey has for , can Presbyterian Board, as chairman, centuries represented the undying and Prof. W. H. Hall, principal of hostility of Islam to these con- the Syrian Protestant College, as sec- quered yet forever rebellious provin- retary. Later, officers were elected ces. These converging and hostile under the constitution adopted for a influences playing upon the confused term of two years, as follows: Mar- tangle of races, religions, languages, shall N. Fox, of the Friends' Mission, and century-old blood feuds, have chairman, and Miss M. C. Warburton, produced a seething mass of warring of the British Syrian Mission, secre- aspirations and expectations that tary-treasurer. The British Syrian defy the best effort of civilized Mission Schools, Church Missionary Europe to separate or reconcile Society, Church of Sootlan<;l. Mission them." to the Jews, Danish Mission in the Orient, Dufferin and Proctor Memor- From none of these peoples or ial Schools, Friends Foreign Mission governments can we expe~t much Association, Irish Presbyterian Mis- but opposition to Protestant missions. sion, J ebail Settlement, Jerusalem and the East Mission, London Society for A Constantinople Y.M.C.A. Promotion of Christianity among the Jews, Presbyterian Board, Syrian A YOUNG "'MEN'S CHRISTIAN Protestant College and a number of ASSOCIATION has recently other missions and schools were rep- been opened in Pera, Constantinople, resented. The subjects included dis- and is meeting a long-felt need, as is evidenced not only by the verbal

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assurances of scores of men but also undertakings; for building~; for by the way they come to the rooms home expenses; and last, but by no and use the various privileges. There means least, for philanthropic and is scarcely an evening hour in the humanitarian service especially in week when some class 01' literary emergencies of famine and plague, society is not in session. There are there has passed not less than $10,- already 64 men enrolled in the En- 000,000.

glish classes, which meet four times The Transformation Wrought a week. Several men are enrolled for classes in French, German, Tur- T HE change is not so much of in- dividuals as of the whole popukish, Greek and English and French lation-their style of living, their stenography. moral and social ideals, their capacity for progress. Hinduism itself is un- The Association might lay a fair dergoing a transformation. It is reclaim to the term "Cosmopolitan" as verting to all that is noble and great there are no less than I I nationali- in its ancient religious literature. The ties included in its membership. Most determining factor in selection from that vast mass of sacred books is of these members find in the reading room papers and magazines in their evidently the presence of Christianity own languages.-The Orient.

INDIA and the recognition of a Christian What Indian Missions Have Cost standard. The most popular religious book in India to-day is the Bhaga- A CCORDING to Rev. R. A. vad-Gita; and this beautiful poem Hume, it is absolutely impossible has been called out of its obscurity to give any exact or even any ap- and neglect because it offers a sin- I proximately adequate estimate of gular parallel to the main idea of what amount of money has come to Christianity. Krishna is presented India through 41 American and as the incarnation of Brahma, call- Canadian missionary organizations. ing his worshipers to himself, and But the pioneer organization which promising them, by way of contemleads in celebrating this hundredth plation and devotion, eternal life. anniversary of the coming of the Happily, the poem contains much first American missionaries, viz., the beautiful teaching. To have induced American Marathi Mission, is able to India to make the Bhagavad-Gita the make a fairlv correct pecuniary popular scripture of educated men is statement. Th~ books of its treasur- one achievement of Christianity.- er show that through the hands of the representatives of this single DR. HAIGH. American organization, for the di- A Remarkable Testimony from India T verse items of expense for outfit, HE late Maharajah of Travan- core had the reputation of being passage, support and furloughs of missionaries; for the training and one of the most learned of all mod- employment of large numbers of In- ern Hindu princes. When a young dian agents, largely Christian, yet, man, he used to give lectures to partly non-Christian; for direct spiri- the young men of his own country.

tual work; for many scores of edu- Altho he himself never accepted cational institutions of many grades Christianity, yet he said these strik- in which tens of thousands of Chris- ing words about the Bible: "Where tian and non-Christian boys and girls do the English people get their have received a sound education; for knowledge, intelligence, cleverness a large amount of original and trans- and power? It is their Bible that lated literary work in books, maga- gives it to them; and now they bring zines, newspapers, tracts, etc., etc.; it to us, translate it into our lan- for hospitals, dispensaries, and guage, and say, 'Take it, read it, ex- varied work; for advanced industrial amine it, and see if it is not good.'

They do not force it upon us as of the new bridge at Sara, Governthe Mohammedans did their Koran, ment was coIlecting six thousand but they bring it saying, 'This is children, whose heads were to be what raised us; take it and raise buried under the foundations. The yourselves.' Of one thing I am con- same report was current at the time vinced, that, do with it what we will, when the Jubilee bridge was being oppose it as we may, it is the Chris- built at Naihati; and has its origin in tian's Bible that will sooner or later the belief that the gods are angered work out the regeneration of our by the bridging of the river and the land."-The Bible in the W orId. interference with the current, and can only be appeased by sacrifice. A Oddities of Oriental Languages vehicle in which an unoffending Ben- gali was going to Howrah Station AN article in the Bible in the W orId, was stopt on a mere rumor that by Sir George A. Grierson, illus- he was a collector of children; he trates some of the language difficulties was beaten and the vehicle ruined. of the Far East. There are languages, iThen such reports can find accepsuch as Shan (used in Burma), in tance in Calcutta, what can be exwhich no word consists of more than pected in the rural districts!"- The one syIlable, so that one word has to do Harvest Field. duty for several ideas. The speakers help out the meanings of these words The Dancing Girl Cur8e in India by singing them, so that, to take an example, ma, ma, ma, ma, ma, m'eans THE attention of our readers has (if to be properly intoned), "Help the been drawn several times to the horse! A mad dog is coming." Hkai, laudable efforts of the British Govhkai, hkai, hkai, is sung so as to mean, ernment to improve the condition of HI wish to seIl mottled eggs"; and pa, the children in India, especially the pa, pa, pa, pa, pa, to mean, Aunt went girls (see MISSIONARY REVIEW, 19II, toward the jungle with fish slung on pp. 7II and 947). We are glad to her shoulder." notice that the question of Muralis or dancing girls attached to Hindu tem- Ignorant Opposition in Calcutta ples (who it is well known are almost without exception leading immoral T HE growth of universities in In- lives), is now engaging the atten- dia should not make us forget how tion of government. In South India small a proportion of the popUlation there are hundreds of Hindu temples is, after all, touched by the higher to which these devadasis or "hand education, and what a powerful hold maids of the gods" are attached in superstition has upon them. From large numbers, and any well-con- Calcutta, the home of the Bengali sidered step to reduce the baneful babu, who so boasts himself of his fruits of this hateful institution learning and his culture, comes the which is in no way connected with following item: Hinduism will be welcomed by the thoughtful section of the Hindu HAnticipating the Juvenile Offen- community. The Mysore governders' Act, the police last month took ment have banished dancing girls from the streets of Calcutta a nU111- from temple worship in the religious ber of children who were employed institutions throughout the state, and as beggars, cigaret sellers, etc., and nobody has ever sugge>'ted that the sent them to the Refuge, a home for action of that government was an the homeless poor of all creeds, interference with the religious usage castles and ages. This action was of the people, and there is no reason laid hold of by certain mischievous why what has been achieved in Mypersons as proof of the truth of a sore should be impossible of accomreport which has been in circulation plishment elsewhere in India. -that in order to ensure the stability

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Tibetans Seeking Knowledge tened w.ell to the Gospel." Mr. Podin FOUR Tibetan young men, sons held eight meetings and gave to each of high officials, and some Tibe- prisoner personally a New Testament. tan lads from Darjeeling, have sailed There were men among the prisoners to England, in charge of an English- who had never heard the story of speaking Tibetan, for education at Christ and Him Crucified, and all the government's expense. They will creeds and nationalities were represtay in England for ten years, sented. studying language, handicrafts and law. It is hardly more than a But the very next day he visited generation since similar notices could the second prison in Tomsk, with 908 be seen in our newspapers of Japan- inmates. It was of quite a different ese youth coming from their closed kind, with men who could not be let and isolated land. Ve observe also together, because among them were that a cinematograph company, fin- prisoners who had committed heavy anced and managed solely by Tibet- crimes. There were many, also, conans, has been organized at Kalim- demned to hard labor, hands and feet pong. It starts presently for Lhasa, in chains, who looked into a dark and giving exhibitions en route. Among hopeless future. There were women, the films is one of the English Coro- also, who had committed grievous nation. sins and crime. The story of Mr. Podin's visit to other prisons in Si- In Siberian Prison. beria reads similarly, revealing a dark picture of gloom and despair, into T HE reports concerning the state which fall the rays of hope and light of affairs and the treatment of from the Gospel which he preaches prisoners in Siberian prisons usuaUy to these men and women, and places speak of cruelty and barbarity, of . printed into the prisoners' hands. He utter desolation and hopelessness, so visited more than 23,000 Siberian that it is refreshing to read in Evan- prisoners in I9I I.

gelical Christendom of Mr. Adam CHINA Podin's visit to the great prison in Tomsk, in which he preached to about Union Movement in China P I,600 inmates. He says, "This prison RACTICAL progress has been made by the different denominacould be called the model prison of Russia, and perhaps it would not be tions in China toward union in re- too much to .'lay a model prison of ligions, educational, and humanitarian the world. The Governor was like a work. At Nanking, for instance, in father to his children. He was such central China, the ancient capital, the an inventor that he found work for Methodists, Presbyterians, and Dis- each one. They had factories within ciples have already united in all the prison, and their own electricity preparatory and college work, and -everything done by electric power. also in the theological and medical The best Dutch tiles made on the schools. The result is that better premises; brick-kilns where the best education is being furnished. The bricks are produced. They make their Baptists are planning to unite with own boots and shoes, weave all kinds the other bodies in the work at of cloth, and clothe 600 soldiers from Nanking.

head to foot. Besides, they have two In southern China the Methodists farms, where the criminals are work- and Congregationalists have already ing on the field. . The prison- united in their theological schools, ers are not guarded by soldiers, but and the Methodists and the Episco- all answer for one and for all. palians in the medical schools. In It works well, and they do not run western China the Baptists, Metho- away. The officials were thankfnl dists, and English Quakers have for my visit, and the poor men lis- united in all preparatory, college, 11or-

mal and professional work. In ed by fully 300 delegates. The parnorthern China the Methodists, Pres- ticipants came from distances rangbyterians, and Congregationalists are ing from 10 to 80 miles, and in planning to bring their theological various manners of conveyances. One schools together and in this region old lady, 83 years old, walked 2S all the missions have united in medi- miles to be present at the meeting. cal school work. Finally, as a re- She had been a Christian for more sult of the conferences held last than 3S years, and could not bear spring under Dr. Mott's leadership, to be absent. Others came by wheelall the Protestant missions in China barrow and some by the modern trains. have voted to unite, at as early a The spirit of the conference was date as practicable, in all educational deeply impressive, and after the wowork with the exception of the pri- men returned to their homes rumors mary schools.-The Outlook. began to come back of the work they were doing among their friends, How the Gospel .Transforms and neighbors. In one family-one of the most exclusive of the gentry T HE Mios, aborigines of southern of Weihsien–one of the young wo- China, were ten years ago un- men members, who is interested in speakable heathen-drunken and dis- Christianity, was allowed to attend solute. A great Christian movement the conference in a private room, and is changing the hearts of tens of thou- was greatly imprest. The attendance sands. Mr. Nichol, who is working of this young woman was a breakamong them, tells of "pig collections" ing of precedent, for this family for mission work, at which 174 were was one of those who do not aliow contributed by one. Christian commu- their women to go out to church or nity and driven to the market town, mingle in any of the new movements. bringing the total to date up to 300. She was deeply imprest by the ex- perience. To Be Known Only as Christians A Chinese Official's Bequest to Mi••ions W ORD comes from Peking that the Christians of that city have T HE financial evidences of Chrisalmost entirely eliminated from their tianity in a mission field are alvocabulary the denominational names ways impressive. Recently word has which the missionaries among them come that a Chinese gentleman has feel obliged to employ. No Chinese bequeathed his entire property to the speaks of a Methodist, Presbyterian, American Baptist Foreign Missionary Baptist, etc. The churches are called Society, with the stipulation that after by their location, "Church at Sec- his death it is' to be used for the ond Street," "Filial Piety Street," spread of the gospel in China. He etc. One of the Chinese Episcopal- has notified his brother in China to ians said frankly that the Chinese of act as executor for his property in their mission "would join hands with that country, to see that the proviother Christians, if their clergymen sions of his will are carried out. The did not object." name of this gentleman is withheld, for at the present time he is in Women's Conference in Weihsien America holding an important posi- tion under the Chinese Government. A L THO here and there a woman He is said to be a splendid type of has stood out strongly from Chinese Christian gentleman, well her sisters, the great mass of wo- educated, and able to speak three manhood in China has until recent Chinese dialects, as well as English. years borne very little public part INhen he was eight years of age his in religious life, but it is being in- father and mother became Christians. creasingly noted that the women are It is his desire and expectation, to coming to the fore. A women's conference held recently at Weihsien, in the Shantung province, was attend-

WORLD-WIDE M1SSIONARY NEWS

return to China at the close of his ty years. In the evening over 1,200 present government service, and spend people assembled in the theater and the remainder of his life in preach- listened most quietly to the preaching the gospel to his own people. ing and Bible reading and when he left the next day besought him to ar- JAPAN-KOREA range for some help in the way of pastoral care. The fact that these The Gospel Power in Japan large numbers in a place without a resident pastor can be willing to ONE of our Methodist exchanges listen quietly to the preaching of the says: Gospel is a most encouraging fact and should quicken prayer. "The reports for the past year show success at almost every point. "M Korea'. Unrest There is not even one point devoid of ISSIONARIES are sometimes hope. Methodism has graduaIIy accused of creating unrest prest forward until we are now among the Korean people," writes second in membership among all the Rev. D. A. Bunker, a Methodist the Protestant denominations of the worker in Seoul. "And I fancy we empire. For the past year that part shall have to plead guilty. No OlriSof Methodism called the Nippon tian man or woman can come among (Japan) Methodist Church, formed this people as a teacher of higher by the' union of Canadian, Northern things without causing unrest. A and Southern Methodists, stands first thought of something higher, somein the number of baptisms. The sig- thing better to be attained, implanted nal success of the Church in Korea in the mind of an ignorant Korean for several years past has been a is a revolutionary germ. It takes matter of great reioicing throughout root. It transforms a life. The the Christian world. This past year germ multiplies and spreads. A our Church in Japan has gone ahead, neighborhood, a village, a county, a in results. of our Church, even in state, is stirred up, revolutionized. Korea. This wiII be an inspiration The process is inevitable. No power to our Church in America, for some all earth can stop it. It is God's of you had lost hope for Christianity way of leading His people out of a in Japan. I am credibly informed barren existence into the more abunthat it is stated in America that our dant life. There is no other way. Church has lost its opportunity in Yes, the missionaries are guilty of Japan. Do not believe it for one having said a lot of things which minute. The work has been diffi- have set the Koreans to thinking. cult-is stilJ difficult. No nation was VVe have stirred up a wide-spread ever easily Christianized." unrest, and hundreds of thousands who sitting in darkness were unable A Remarkable Incident. to see or think intelligently, are clamoring for admission into the T HE Bishop of Kiu-Shiu, the circle of progressive humanity." southern of the principal islands of Japan, in the course of a sermon The Korean Revival Continues in Nagasaki on June 8, said that during the previous six weeks he had ONE indication of the virility been enabled to preach to over 12,- of the cause is seen in the 000 people, and that at one place be- recent opening of the Central Prestween Kumamoto and Kagoshima byterian Church at Seoul. The basewhere there had been no missionary ment accommodates a day-school of or resident pastor for twelve years, 100 pupils, and has besides a prayerhis visit was welcomed by the mayor meeting room accommodating 300, and ex-mayor who profest them- The main floor will seat (in Korean selves as being baptized Christians. style) over 2,000, and at the dedica- They introduced him to thirty others, some having been believers for twen-

tion there were by actual count 2,- ing practical interest in philanthropy 108 people present. This church is and reform. At Fayoum $5,000 was not for Sunday use only. Already subscribed at one meeting toward the it has been used for sessions of the establishment of children's clinics, men's training class of 600 coming while at Beni-Suef, $7,000 was sub- in from the country around, and scribed for a similar object. taught in eight grades, and also for the women's winter class of 500. A Anglo-Egyptian Sudan During the sessions of these classes c. M. S. st(1tion was open~d by over 200 were provided with sleeping the Revs. A. Shaw, K.. E. accommodations on the premises. And Japan is friendly to the cause, Hamilton and E. C. Gore, among the as the presence of the Minister of Azandi tribe in February at Yambio, the Interior, the second official in 259 miles west of Gondokoro. These Korea, and the Minister of Educa- people are described as considertion, proclaimed on the day of dedi- ably higher in the scale of intellication. gence and civilization than the Nil- otic tribes. They wear clothes and NORTH AFRICA manufacture ingenious domestic im- plements and musical instruments. Material Progress in Egypt. They are very numerous and cover a vast area, exercising a dominating A DISPATCH from Cairo to the influence over surrounding tribes. New Yark Herald reviews the General Gordon appealed for the remarkable development in Egypt un- evangelization of these people. der recent British administration. New works in connection with irriga- EAST AFRICA tion, drainage, roads, etc., are in progress everywhere. In every part From an African Girl Df the country new roads are being constructed. A few years ago it T HE following is an extract from was not possible to automobile for a letter received by one of the more than twelve miles outside Cairo, teachers at the girls' school at Lovenow automobilists can drive to Alex- dale, South Africa: "The best of andria, H elouan, Sakhhara and other all that I can entrust you with is places. The physical condition of this, that I am now a true child of the native Egyptian is receiving care- God. Oh, what· bliss to have a ful attention. In addition to the heavenly fellowship 1 I never knew eye hospitals and general hospitals what is sealed up in giving your which have existed for some time heart to the Lord. N ow I enjoy there are now being established in doing my work, and also do I underthe provinces maternity hospitals, un- stand the responsibility of it. Now der the control of Dritish nurses, I can read my Bible with more unand special clinics for the prevention derstanding; I can pray as one speakand cure of ankylostomiasis (Egyp- ing to a father. So this i.s the chief tian anaemia), a malady which hith- and best part of my letter to you. erto has been allowed to affect great I hope you will be very glad, as I ravages among the industrious fel- myse1 f am. For I know even in laheen. In Cairo evidences of the heaven there was joy for a soul reextraordinary activity of Lord Kitch- turned from the wild." cner are to be seen everywhere, and the city in places has been completely An African King Lays a Corner-stone transformed during the summer months. Vealthy natives are not in- T HE King of Uganda, in native different observers in the great work costume, and attended by native which is carried OIL Tn most of the provinces they are saiel 1() he show- chiefs, on September 5th laid the foundation-stone of the Church Mis- c., sionary Society's new building in Salishnr}"csql1are, – E. he fore a

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

large audience. It was recorded on At the new out-station Olama, 62. the stone that the ceremony was car- miles north of Lolodorf, So profest ried out by an African King-the Christ. Evangelistic spirit domill~,t"s first Christian King of Buganda. the Mission. Sir J 01111 Kennaway (president of the C. M. S.) received the King and his The engine and machinery for the chiefs. The stone -having been low- new saw-mill arrived safely at Elat ered, the King said: "In the faith and were duly place.d. From early of Jesus Christ we fix this stone." morning till late afternoon crowds of people came to see thi..,; "wonder." WEST AFRICA A great curiosity was a 28-foot well which the missionaries dug. "Who- Long Waiting for the Gospel ever heard of such a thing? If the white people say they are going to I Na town of the delta of Nigeria make water run up a tree I would missionaries found that the natives believe it and go to my town without bad long been waiting for their ar- even waiting to see if they do it," rival. For two years they had been were the words of an astonished bykeeping the Sabbath, and to aid their stander.-Presoyterian Bulletin. memories they had kept in their houses pieces of wood bored with Progress on the Kamerun seven holes in which they would insert a peg for each day as it passed. MRS. C. W. McCLEARY writes They had a meeting every morning fr0111 Botange, Kamerun: "Our and repeated this quaint prayer: "Oh average number of baptism is 200, God we beg you, make you look but a year ago, our church was blown good to-day; make you no trouble down, and we had no class advanced. we, or do we any bad; we beg you, These 50 candidates this time were we beg you." How pathetic it was strays and left-overs. The week prethat these Nigerian negroes should ceding was a strenuous one. One for two years have been meeting item I forgot was that on that day regularly and offering prayer while 150 new confessions were made. waiting for someone to come to them :1any of these were the result of our with the message of light. village school teachers, as our evange- lists were here in schoo!. Now they A Live Work in West Africa have gone out, about 40 in all, and we hope for good harvests~the fields T HREE thousand have been taken are white. In spite of local churches into the catechumen class at Elat, and out-stations, we still have great Vest Africa, during the year. Sun- crowds at our communion services. day-school membership, 3,500; church The last one, on April 6, eclipsed all offerings for each month of the year, former records. These are the figover $100.00. Fifteen hundred boys ures: Present, 7,000, plus three overand girls in the day-school and 4,000 flow meetings; baptized, 51 adults and in 50 village schools. 14 babies; advanced, 392 (eligible for memhership in a year); collection, New station at Metet growing 700 plus marks (German), nearly rapidlY-370 enrolled in the school. $200; present enrolment (church), Extensive gardens planted, school- I,I08. At one out-station that day, house, church, storehouses erected. 2,000 were present; at the other one, At out-station 74 enrolled catechu- 1,000. mens; all fetishes given up. Many confessions. CENTRAL AFRICA Large audiences at Efulen and Lo- Communion in Central Africa loclorf. Many candidates for the lllini~try. Early morning prayer EYERY newly organized church meet1l1gs in villages conducted by COUllts its 1110St solemn service ~'Olll1g SellOO] hays-very large atten- that one when the members meet at dance. the Coml1111njon tahle. Dan Craw-

ford, the African missionary whose :;upervi:;e the carrying out of the law.

'fascinating book, "Thinking Black," The mission stations are not directly is rousing such enthusiasm, teIls how affected, but their work will naturally the converted chief of a heathen vil- be made 1110re difficult, if they are lage came to him one day saying, separated in this way from the ma- "Might not we celebrate together the jority of the natives,-Translated Feast of ,Memories?" Then, remem- fr0111 Der Missions Freund.

bering who makes the third when two are thus gathered together, the mis- Christian Teaching in Madagascar T sionary and the African chief, there HE French Administration in in the jungle, celebrated the Lord's Madagascar opened more than Supper. "vVe had an old battered 500 official schools between the years box upside down," says Mr. Craw- 1896 and I912, the majority of the ford, "and a mug minus a handle, teachers being trained in the Normal but what of that? Is it not written School maintained by the Governthat on all the vessels shall be 'holi- ment. The instruction is on modern ness unto the Lord'?" lines. However, hundreds of ele- Hungry for the Word mentary schools maintained by the missionaries have been closed, and FROM May, 19I2, to January, I913, .in many places no adequate Chris- 64 different delegations visited the tian education is provided for the American Presbyterian Mission on children of church-members, As the the Kasai, asking for Protestant Government standard of normal teachers for their villages, These training is exacting some special efcame from a radius of 500 kilometers forts need to be made to place and represe!'lt a population of I20,- the teachers in the Christian schools coo people who are successfully re- 011 a par with those in the official sisting the pressure of Romanist pro- schools. To meet this need, ·the paganda. The king of Bakuba, one five Protestant missions of various of the 1110St industrious and military nationalities are uniting to establish peoples of the Kongo, is urging his a joint Normal school at Antananpeople to attend Christian services arivo. Meanwhile the organization and to send their children to mission of the Sunday-schools is partly makschools, Translations of reading ing up for the lack of religious inbook, hy11111 book; and parts of the struction in day schools. Courses of Scriptures have already been made graded lessons and other helps are into Bakuba. used among some 500 churches in Imerina and -Betsileo. The large SOUTH AFRICA AND MADAGASCAR day schools for boys and girls in Race Distinction in South Africa Antananarivo continue to flourish; T lIE Parliament of South Africa there are over 2,500 in these schools. has recently passed a law, from – T he Student rVo1"/d.

which it is to be feared there will No Color Line result not only great social changes, C but considerable hindrance to mission- HRIST died for yellow, black, white and brown. The bringing ary work. In the future the negroes are to be allowed to live with the of a yellow, black, or brown man into whites as servants and as industrial H is kingdom will cause just as deep workers, but in other matters a sharp a joy to well up in their hearts as line must be drawn between blacks ever welled up in heart of white and whites. The negroes must settle man. The joy in heaven over one in certain specified localities, and they sinner that repenteth is absolutely and the white men are not to be al- color-blind, and heaven is just as lowed to buy land from one another. near to the celestial empire or Dark- /. commission has been appointed, to est Africa or the Isles of the Pacific

as to the United States. "God's broke out, and developed into an country" is the whole round earth, organized attack upon the Chinese and not anyone section of it.-Chrzs- quarter, resulting in grave casualties tian World. and requiring the intervention of the military. OCEAN WORLD Evangelized Islands Moslem Activity in Java T HE withdrawal of a missionary T HE N eukirchen Missionsbote re- f rom a sphere of work is usual- ports the formation by the Mo- ly a matter for regret, but this can hammedans of Java of a "Sarekat hardly be the feeling in regard to Islam," or Islamic Association, 'whose the situation at Aneityum and Fuobject is to raise the Javanese com- tuna in the New Hebrides. Dr. mercially and economically, and to Gunn, the Scotch Presbyterian misplace the movement on a religious, sionary, has, along with his wife, i.e., Mohammedan, basis, as being Jone excellent work there for the the most binding force for the mass last thirty years. When they landed of the people. The association, in Futuna it was largely a heathen which is said to number already island without a Church-member. 3~ members, held its first gen- The natives have now abandoned eral meeting in March at Surakarta, heathenism and become a Christian the place of its origin, and was at- community. The evangelization of tended by thousands of members the islands has been accomplished from neighboring districts, as well as and Dr. Gunn has now asked the by a large number of delegates from Foreign Mission Committee to withdistant auxiliaries. It was stated draw him. He has done the work at the meeting that the aim of the he was sent to do. The Committee movement would be to promote the has agreed to his suggestion and has well-being of the natives of Dutch offered him a post in the Tral1skei. Indonesia and to further the Mo- tho it is possible that after his hammedan religion by means of the long labors in the islands he may press, the opening of cooperative retire and live in New South Wales. shops and direct propaganda. The The islands will henceforward be religious character of the movement supervised by the New South Wales is to be emphasized when dealing Church. with orthodox Mohammedans, while the natives generally are to be at- Islander's Church Costume tracted by the national note. If the movement should result in the T HE Rev. Philip Delaporte degrowth of freedom and independ- scribes some native laborers ence, it would render the people ftom the Truk Lagoon in the Caromore accessible for missionary pur- lines, who were working in the Marposes, and so far might be of ad- shall Islands. When their first pay vantage to the cause of Christian day arrived a suit of European gar- Missions; but in such case consider- ments was bought. After a while able reinforcements of the staff would this first suit became filthy and be needed both for evangelistic and dirty. Result! A second suit was educational work. The missionaries ·purchased with the next money who report this development regard earned and put on top of the first. it with some anxiety, and their at- "When I saw them they had just titude has been justified by recent covered the first two garments with occurrences. At Semarang, where a third edition. Proudly adorned the auxiliary numbers some 10,000 with three suits of clothes, a pair members, fierce religious excitement of Blucher boots and with their faces painted yellow, they came to church."

ON MISSION"S

AND MISSION LANDS ANTHONY COMSTOCK, FIGHTER. By Charles noble Stanislaus and the patient Kos- G. Trumbull. Illustrated, 8vo, 240 pp. ciusko were Poles. The story of Po- $1.25. Fleming H. Revell Co., I9I3. land is a sad one, like the history of Palestine, but it has inspiration and There is nothing more thrilling or instruction for all. more heroic than this story of the battles for youth and purity fought To-day the Polish peasants are reagainst human beasts of prey. The ligious but ignorant. The customary physical courage 'displayed is only greeting with bared head is "Christ be second to the moral courage that praised," with the response, "For ever could not be intimidated either by and ever." They are slow to move and physical violence or by attacks on slow to change, so that they are crude character. but seldom vulgar. The women do much manual work and live hard, Mr. Comstock began his fight for others at eighteen years of age when cheerless lives. There is a quaint cushe hunted a mad dog in his home tom of painting hands on the wintown. He next took up the fight dow-casing of houses in which there against a dive-keeper, whose place are marriageable daughters. Christmas the boy raided single handed. The and holy week are great occasions, but smell of battle led him on to fur- the people as a whole have little real ther contests in behalf of the boys mental grasp of the Christian religion. and girls and he gradually acquired Jews are numerous and are hated by a national reputation as the foe of the so-called Christians. The reading all forms of soul-destroying vice. of Mr. 'Winter's volume will create Mr. Trumbull, the able editor of more sympathy for both Jewish and The Sunday-School Times, has graph- Catholic Poles. ically and impressively told the story of the man, his fights, his foes and THE HORIZON OF AMERICAN MISSIONS. By his victories. The character of those he seeks to put out of business Isaac Newton McCash. 12mo, 192 pp. is shown by their unscrupulous methods of attacks-the deadly con- $I.OO, net. Fleming H. Revell CO. 19I3. cealed weapons, the smallpox scabs sent by mail, the inshmating news- Dr. McCash, secretary of the Ameripaper paragraphs, and the threats against his family. It is a stirring can Christian (Disciples) Missionary story for old and young and should not only beget sympathy for the man Society, delivered these lectures in the and his work, but should raise up other fighters to continue the battle College of Missions at Indianapolis. to the finish. They give us a simple but practical, POLAND OF To-DAY AND YESTERDAY. By Nevin O. Winter. Illustrated, 8vo, 349 well-balanced survey of American pp. $3.00, net. L. C. Page & Co. Boston, Home Missionary Endeavor, the ne- I913· glected fields, the problem of the cities, In attractive style, and with sympa- and the forces at hand for the Christhetic insight, this writer has described the romance and tragedy of Polish his- tian conquest of America and of the tory. It is a land of heroes, once free but now opprest and maltreated by world. He challenges the attention of Russia; the people looked down upon by Anglo-Saxons, who forget that the Christians to the important present- day problems and needs: A spiritual Church, a united Christian Army, and a Godlike statesmanship. .

FIFTY M1SSIONABY HEROES EVERY Boy AND GIRL SHOULD KNOW. By Julia H. John- ston. 12mo, 221 pp. $1.00, net. Revell. 1913.

The word "Missionary" in front of the word "Hero" should give added zest to a boy's interest in these life stories. To physical daring is added York City. Others may obtain tbe moral courage and to a pioneer's ad- Directory, postpaid, for 2S cents.

.ventures are added persecution and a GOOSE CREEK FOLKS. By Isabel Graham noble purpose. A boy or girl must be Bush and Florence Lillian Bush. 224 pp.

indeed indifferent who will not be in- $1.00, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New terested in such men as Ziesberger York, I9I2.

among the Indians or Melinda Rankin The mountains of Kentucky have among the Mexicans; and a child will been the favorite field for many story- be lamentably ignorant who knows not writers in quest of picturesque mate- the names and deeds of such men as rial. The peculiar dialect of the Cyrus Hamlin, David Livingstone, and "Highlanders of the South," their Marcus Whitman, or such women as vices and virtues, feuds, passions and Charlotte Tucker, Eleanor Chestnut, prejudices offer varied attractions to and Eliza Agnew. There are 50 of the reader of fiction.

them-all friends worth knowing, and The present volume deals with new their stories are simply told if not conditions in the Kentucky mountains, always in a literary style best adapted where the boys and girls are eagerly to children. responding to the educational oppor~ TOURIST DIRECTORY OF CHRISTIAN WORK. tunities offered by missionary and philanthropic schools. Already intel- Illustrated. Traveler's guide to mission- lectual and manual training of the ary institutions in the Far East, India young people have had an uplifting and Egypt. Issued by a committee (Rob- ert E. Speer, chairman) appointed by the influence on the morality of many a Conference of all the Foreign Mission Boards of North America. 1913. mountain community. Feuds have This is a valuable booklet to direct been peaceably settled, and families tourists in Asia to the places where religious services are conducted in En- long at war with each other nOw english and to the most interesting foreign missionary operations. The in- gage in friendly rivalry to secure at troductory articles by Dr. Arthur J. any sacrifice the coveted "l'arnin' " for Brown deal with criticisms of missions their children. <• and explain the various kinds of CIu-btian work abroad. The Directory This story describes the transformcovers Japan, Korea, China, the Philippines, Singapore, Burma, India, and ing' effect of education on so<;~al life Egypt. in the mountains, which musfiesult This Directory will be welcomed by in developing a new people, no1'onger every Christian traveler. We hope that a future edition will be even more content to lead a lazy, animal' -existcomplete and will contain a map. It would be helpful also if there were a ence, but inspired by high ideal~; am- 110te of tourist agencies in the East where guides to missions may be ob- bitions, and spiritual aims. T!i~au­ tained. thors have produced a study thatr~aqs like a faithful transcript of life as it is, without any fictional coloring. The characters are vital and interesting, drawn with unaffected realism from intimate observation. The story is handled with considerable skill'and artistic restraint.

The booklet is for free distribution THE BOOK OF BABIES. Child Life in Mis- to travelers in Asia. Copies may be sionary Lands. By Mary Entwistle. obtained from pursers or librarians on Illustrated. 6d., net. London Missionthe steamers of the principal Trans- ary Society. 1913.

Pacific and English-Indian lines and. This little book about babies of from the leading tourist agencies ina,; China, Africa, Persia, Japan, Burma, few of the seaports of Asia. Copie~; India and othEr lands gives just the will also be mailed free to those about!', material that mothers and teachers of to sail to Asia who write to the Anglo..;' small children will find useful in American Communities Committee, teaching their EttIe ones about other Room 806, IS6Fifth Avenue, New babies.

NEW BOOKS THE KEEPER OF THE VINEYARD. A Tale of W-IN NING A PRIMITIVE PEOPLE. Sixteen the Ozarks. By Caroline Abbot Stanley.

Years' Work among the Warlike Tribe Illustrated, 12mo, 344 pp. $1.25, fief. of the Ngoni and the Senga and Tum- buka Peoples of Central America. By Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, 1913. Donald Fraser. Illustrated, cloth. $1.50, LOVE STORIES OF GREAT MISSIONARIES. By net. E. P. Dutton & Co;, New York, Belle M. Brain. Illustrated, 16mo, 75 pp. 1913. A MISSIONARY'S LIFE IN THE LAND OF THE 50 cents. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, 1913. GODS. By Isaac Dooman. Illustrated, THE P AR~BLE OF THE CHERRIES. By Edward 12mo. $2.00, net; postage, 15 cents. Rich- ard G. Badger, Boston, 1913. A. Stemer. Illustrated, r6mo., 64 pp. SPIRITUAL CONQUEST ALONG THE ROCKIES. By Rev. William Niccolls Sloan, Ph.D. 5? cents. Fleming H. Revell Co., New 12mo, 242 pp. $1.25, net. George H. York, 1913. Doran Co., New York, 1913. OUT OF THE ABYSS. The Autobiography of EVERLASTING PEARL. One of China's one who was dead and is alive again. With a preface by the Rev. George Ste- Women.. By Anna Magdalena Johann- ven, D.D. Introduction by Gypsy Smith. sen. W Itl: ~ Preface by Walter B. Sloan. 12mO, 282 pp. $1.25, net. George H. Illustp' ~d, 16mo, III pp. China Inland Doran Company, New York, 1913. Mis~ -.1n, Philadelphia, 1913. AN HEROIC BISHOP. The Life-Story of French of Lahore. By Eugene Stock. HABEEB THE BELOVED. A Tale of Life in Illustrated, 12mo, 127 pp. 2S., net. Hod- der & Stoughton, New York, 1913. Modern Syria. By William S. Nelson, ANTHONY COMSTOCK, FIGHTER. By Charles G. Trumbull. Illustrated. I2mo, cloth. D.D. Illustrated, 16mo, 102 pp. 75 cents, $1.25, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York,1913. net. Westminster Press, Philadelphia, ESSENTIAL MISSIONARY PRINCIPLES. By Roland Allen, M.A. I2mo, cloth. $I.OO, 1913. net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, 1913. HEPBURN OF JAPAN AND HIS WIFE AND A S'fUDY OF THE THLINGLETS OF ALASKA. By Livin~ston F. Jones. I2mo, cloth, illus- HELPMATES. A Life Story of Toil for trated. :jiI.50, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, 1913. Christ. By William Elliot Gdffis, D.D., L.H.D. Illustr~ted, 12mo, 238 pp. $1.50, FIFTY MISSIONARY HEROES EVERY Bo¥ AND GIRL SHOULD KNOW. By Julia H. John- net. Presbytenan Board of Publication ston. Illustrated, 12mo, cloth. $1.00, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, 1913. Philadelphia, 1913. '

THE HORIZON OF AMERICAN MISSIONS. By BRIGHAM YOUNG AND HIS MORMON EM- 1. N. McCash. I2mo, cloth. $1.00, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, 1913. PIRE. By Frank J. Cannon and George L Knapp" I!!ustrated, 12mo, 398 pp. $1.50; THE NEW AMERICA. Home Missionary net. Flemmg H. Revell Co., New York, Study Course. By Mary Clark Barnes and Dr. Lemuel C. Barnes. Illustrated, 1913. 121110, cloth. 50 cents, net (postage, 7 cents), paper, 3OC. (postage, 5 cents). NINETy-SEVENTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Fleming H. Revell Co., N ew York, 1913. A~[ERICA~ BIBLE SOCIETY, 1913. Together THE CONTINUATION COMMITTEE CONFER- S90 With a List of Auxiliary Societies Their ENCES IN ASIA, 1912-1913. A Brief Ac- Officers, and An Appendix. 8vo pp. count of the Conferences, together with their findings and lists of Members. 8vo, American Bible Society, New Y drk, 1913.

418 pp. Published by the Chairman of THE RETURN OF THE LORD JESUS. The Key the Continuation Committee, New York, to the Scripture, and the Solution of All 1913. Our Political and Social Problems or THE PASSING OF THE DRAGON. The Story The Golden Age that is Soon Coming to the Earth. By R. A. Torrey, D.D. -16mo, c. of the Shensi Revolution and Relief Ex~ 160 pp. Bible Institute of Los Angeles, pedition. By J. Keyte, M.A. Illus- trated,Bvo, 3II pp. Hodder & Stough- 1913. ton, London, 1913. ELECTRIC MESSAGES. The Official Organ of THE MAN OF EGYPT. By Clayton Sedgwick Cooper, M.A. Illustrated, 8vo, 300 pp. The Oriental Missionary Society. N 0- Hodder & Stoughton, New York and vember, 1912. Tokyo, Japan. London, 1913. PRESBYTERIAN FOREIGN MISSIONS INVEST- MENT. Board of Foreign Missions – 156 Fifth Ave., New York City. '

FINANCING THE WAGE-EARNER'S FAMILY.

A Survey of the Facts Bearing on In- come and Expenditures in the Families of American Wage-Earners. By Scott Nearing. 12mo, 171 pp. $1.25, net. B. "1. Huebsch, New York, 1913.

ST. AUGUSTINE, THE MISSIONARY. By Sir Henry Howarth, KC.I.E., D.C.L. Illus- trated, cloth, 8vo. $3.50, net. E. _Po Dut- ton & Co., New York, 1913.- A CHUltCH IN THE WILDS. A Story of the Establishment of the_ South American In- dian Mission among the hitherto Savage and Intracable Natives of the Paraguay- an Chaco. By W. Barbrooke Grubb. Illustrated, cloth, 12mo. $1.50, net. E. P. Dutton & Co., New York, 1913.

The Missionary Review of the World — 1913 Index

CJ:he 8liss{onary 'R..eview

of the World VOL. XXXVI. OLD SERIES VOL. XXVI. NEW SERIES Founded in 1878 by Editor-in-Chief, 1888 to 1911 REV. ROYAL G. WILDER, D.O. REV. ARTHUR T. PIERSON, D.O.

JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 19]] EDITOR DELAVAN L. PIERSON ASSOCIATE EDITORS REV. D. L. LEONARD, D.D. J. REV. STUART HOLDEN FUNK & WAGNALLS COMPANY NEW YORK LONDON

BY FUNK & WAGNALLS COMPANY Printed ;n the United States

OF ONE VOLUME OF THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE

Each year the MISSIONARY REVIEW contains the equivalent of 21 volumes, a complete library .of Missions, on the history, methods, principles, and progress of Missions and the lives of Missionaries and Native Converts. Each small volume would contain about 30,000 words (150 pages).

INDEX FOR 1913 MAPS AND DIAGRAMS PAGE PAGE Balkan States •••….•.•…..•.•••.•••••••• 265 Methodist Cake is Cut, How the_ ………. _ 908 Cair<>, The Hand that Shoots the Arrow of Moslem World ……… _…….. Facing page 7 Mottoes Used in the United Missionary Cam- Thought into the Moslem World …•.••. 350 Charts Used by the United Missionary Cam- paign .•…………………………. 909 Protestant Mission Work for Indians ……. 835 paign .. __ …. _.•…•……… _.. _____ . 902 South America, North half of…………… 198 Theremometer, A Missionary……………. 29 Chinese View of the Church in China …… 641 Turko-Balkan Controversy, Region of the_.. 87 Every-Member Canvass Charts. _____ …. _… 909 United Missionary Campaign in One District 908 Home Missions, Striking Argnment for •….• 908 Maps Used in the Missionary Campaign …. 905 PHOTOGRAPHIC ILLUSTRATIONS PAGE PAGE Africa, Central, Audience at a Preaching Atlantic City, Men's Missionary Conference Service of the Scotch Presbyterian Mis- Dinner at ……………………….. 903 sion in Livingstonia……………….. 161 Beck, William ……………………….. _ 593 – – I n Livingstone's Ti~e ana NDW_~ __ …. 170 Borden, William Whiting ••……•…..••.• 561 – – and his Guide Mountain Climbing in – – Livingstone Monument in …………. 172 – South, Colored Churchwardens of the Switzerland … _…………………. _ 567 – – Boy Athlete ………….. _.. . . .. .. .• 569 Rhenish Mis~ion, Larepta…………… 49 Bulgaria, Czar and Czaritza of. ………… _ 413 – – Compound, Sunday' Morning Service in 432 – Monument to Alexander II. and Parlia- – – Inside a Zulu Kraal. …………….. 428 – – Typical Compound………………… 429 ment Buildings, Sofia ……………… 415 – Typical Boloki Headman …………….. 175 – Protestant Collegiate and Theological Insti- African Church in Southern Rhodesia, N alive 45 – Dance in Compound, Native South ..•••• , 431 tute, Samokov …………………….. 401 – – Compound Mission, EVangelists of the.. 433 – Students of the Collegiate and Theological Alaska Indians Ready for a Pot-Latch ••.•.. 127 – Kian Totem, Ketchikan……………… 125 Institute, Samokov ……………….. 401 – Old Kassam, Typical Indian Village in…. 131 Bulgarian Man and Woman ….••……••.• 417 America, Religious Sects in …………….. 257 Cairo, General View of……………….. 13 Arab War Dance, Mesopotamia ………… 737 "Caractors" fabricated by Joseph Smith in Arabic Leaflets for Moslems on Comparative 1828 ……………………………… 355 Religion ……………………. __ … 727 Chengtu Union University, Temporary Build- Armenia, Gregorian Church School at Dzak•• 815 – Interior of the Gregorian Church at Dzak. 801 ings of …………………………. 113 Asia Minor, Churches used in a Stereopticon Chew, Rev. Ng Poon ………………….. 509 China, City of Wuchang, Looking Acr<>ss the Gospel Tour in …………………… 801 – – New Protestant Chapel at Sheplk…… 801 Yangste River from Han yang…….. 109 – – Ready for the Pictures, Protestant – Distributing ~criptures to the Pilgrims Re- Church at Haiu;………………….. 817 turning from the Hunan Sacred Moun- Assiut Presbyterian Churcb cared fDr by an tain …………………………….. 328 – EYangelist Hsiao and the Idols in the Egyptian Pastor…………………… 499 Half-Way Tempi", Hunan Sacred Moun- tain ……………………………. 337 —-I Evangelist Hsiao Talking with .Pilgrim T'eng ….. _……………………… 337 PAGE PAGg China, Evangelist Li, Student and Preacher. 338 Japan, General Synod of the Protestant Epis- _ Graduating Class of Native Pastors, 1912. 531 copal Church in ……….••……….. 65~ _ Hunan Sacred Mountain and the Autumn – Graduating Class, Morioha Kindergarten.. 37 Bible-school •….. __ …………… __ ., 333 – St. John's Church, Kyoto .•.•….•…•.•• 658 _ John R. Matt and the National Mission- – Union Church at Karuizawa………….. 34- Japanese Christian Family…….•..•..•…. 661 ary Conference at Shanghai ………•.. 481 Jews of Morocco in the Ruins of their _ Kneeling Pilgrims Returning from the Houses ………•…….•…•.••.••.•• 409- Hunan Sacred Mountains .•….•.••.••.• 327 K<>ngo, At a Boloki Drinking Bout …..••••. 177 _ lIap Accompanying the Report of One – Houses of One Monsembe Man and his Party of Colporteurs ………….•.•… 336 Wives ………….•………….•.••• In _ ~Hssion School Children Receiving Diplo- — Woman of Wealth ………………….. 175 mas in ………………••.••..•••••• 35 Korea, Open-Air Meeting of the First Pres- _ Missionaries and Evangelists Attending the byterian General A&sembly .. :.. ……… 30 First Hunan Autumn Bible-school. ..•.•• 332 – Severance Medical College…………… 899 _ Pilgrims Kneeling at a Shrine of the Main – The Church that Song Ssi Saved-Now a Temple, Hunan Sacred Mountain ……. 321 Christian Girls' Schoo!. ……………. 283 _ Pilgrims on Steps Leading up the Ten- – The Man Who "Became as a Little Child"

Mile Road to the Top of Hunan Sacred for 'the Sake of Christ…………….. 285 Mountain ……….. . . . . . . . . . • . • • . . . .• 329 Korean Children ….•….•..••………… 36 _ Slave Girls at the Gateway of the Chief'. – Gentleman ………………………… 33 Compound …………………..•.••• 743 Livingstone Attacked by a Lion…………. 169 _ Son of a Pastor in………………… 33 Livingstone, David ……… ,………….. 166 _ Three Christian Leaders in …………. 111 ~ Monument in Central Africa …………. 172 Chinese Americans of the Pacific Coast, One Livingstone's Back, Large Spear Grazed ..•.. 170 of the …………………………. 501 – Pioneer Work, One Result of ………… 161 -Costumes for Missionary Sunday ………. 913 Long, George …•..•…….••…..•..•…. 594 _ Gospel Poster Used in Colportage Work •• 327 –at his Desk……………………… 587 _ Illustration, Mo.ses Lifting up the Serpent 331 Macedonia, Turkish Town of Monastir ….•• 267 _ _ The Wi,e and Foolish Virgins ……… 331 Masumi Hino and His Family …………… 647 _ Missionary Houseboat, Traveling in …… . 31 Mecca, A General View of…………….. 9- – Street Scene, Typical ……………•…• 32 ::Iesopotamia, Arab War Dance …………. 737 Constantinople ………………………. . 11 ?.1e5sage in Stone-Dr. Pierson's Monument. 207 _ Interior of Mosque of St. Sophia..•••…• 81 1feyer, Louis ……………………….. 671 _ Looking Across to Asia from Robert Col- Mohammed, Most Revered Portrait of. ….. 411 lege …………………………….. 89 Moscow, Holy Home of the hersky Virgin. 763 – Mosque of St. Sophia………………. 81 M(}rmon Municipal Dancing Pavilion ….••. 255 _ The "Sublime Porte"……………….. 16 – Public School Children ……………… 250 Ding Li Mei, the D. L. Moody of China ..•. 111 – Temple and Tabernacle, Salt Lake City•• 252 Egypt, Graduating Class, 1909, Girls' Board- – Young Men in Training to go on a "Mis- ing-school, Now Cairo Girls' College…. 499 _ New American Mission Buildings at Assiut 496 sion" …………………………… 251 _ Nile Mission Boat "Ibis" at Luxor …… 495 Morocco, French Army Maneuvering in…. 408 _ Third Class Ward in the Mission Hospital, – Jews of, in the Ruins of their Houses… 409 Assiut ………………………….. 497 – Mosque and Market Place in …………. 407 Eleonora, Czaritza of Bulgaria …………. 413 Navajos at Indian Wells, Arizona, Good Ferdinand, Czar of ·Bulgaria ……..•…..•• 413 Guatemala City, Fashionable Street in…… 811 Samaritan Hospital for…………….. 832 – Masqueraders at a Roman Catholic Festival Navajo Rogan …….. : ………………. 836 in …………………………….•• 807 Nosu Men, Group of Independent ……….. 742 _ Women Washing at the Public Fountain .• 809 ~ Warrior with an American Colt's Rifle .. 745 Hankow, City of, Looking Across the Han Nosuland, Missionary S. Pollard and Friends River from Han yang ……………… 108 Hsiao, Evangelist M. K. ………………. 335 in …………..•……•……•..••.•• 741 Idol Worship ……………………….. 754 – On the Border of. …………………. 743 Immigration Pageant at Silver Bay ……… 843 – Retainer's House and Lady Chief's Tower. 744 Oberlin College, Ohio, Severance Chemical India, Darkness and Light: Contrasts in Womanhood in ……………….•..••• 241 Laboratory ………………………. 898 Persia, Dancing Girls of Gishsoc ………… 487 – Dr. Martha Sheldon's Home, on the Road – Opponents-Turkish Moslems at Prayer on to Tibet …………••……….•••••• 275 the Persian Border………………… 491 – Man of Bhot, North, Near the Tibetan – Return from a Missionary Tour, Teheran. 493 Border ………………………..•.. 277 Philadelphia, Interior of the Inasmuch :Mis- Indian Church "n Klamath Reservation, Ore- sion ……………. _……. _…..••.• 591 gon ………………….. ; ……….. 836 – Some of the Raw Material at the Mission 589 Philippopolis, A Typical Bulgarian City .•••.• 412 – Tepees ………………..•..•…•.•••• 836 Pierson, Arthur T. .. …………………. 205 Japan, Christian Lecture in the Old Assem- Pollard, S.. and Friends in Nosuland …•… 741 Presbyterian Synod of the Nile-March, 1909 498 bly Hall, St. Margaret's Institute.•.••.. 657 Putumayo Indians. Some of the………… 197 – Conference of the S.P.E., CM.S., and Rhodesia, Native African Chur~h in Southern 45 American Episcopal Missions in ……… 654

INDEX

:PAGE PAG", Russia, Ancient Church of St. Basil, Moscow 761 South American Rubber Bought by Blood of – Street Shrine in ……………………. 762 the Indians………………………. 20Z Russian Parish Priest …………………. 761 – Peasants on the Way to a Church Cde· Tengchofu, China, Severance Buildings at … 895 Thessalonica Agricultural and Industrial In· hration …..•.••…•………..••..•.• 765 Salonica, Arrival of the Greek King in…… 268 stitute ……………………•……• 271 – Mosque of St. Sophia, in the Hands of the Tibetan Woman ……………………… 27t Tigris, Typical Arab Town on the ……….. 735- Bulgarian Soldiers. . . . • . .. . • • • .. . • . . . .. 265 Tokyo, Graduating Class of St. Paul's Col· – Quay at …………………. '" ……. 93 – Turkish Refugees at the International lege ……………………….•…..•. 659> Tsao Li, Y.M.C.A. Leader of Shanghai .•..• 111 Committee's Camp, near ……………. 269 Tucson, Arizona, John Eliot Memorial Chapel. Salt Lake City, Looking N<>rth on Main Papago Mission ………………….. 831 Street ………………………….• 247 – – Presbyterian Mission School at.•….. 83() San Francisco, Interdenominational Japanese Turkish Refugees at the International Com- Missionary Society . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • 505 mittee1s Camp, near Salonica ……….. 269 – Mission Day·school for Chinese Children. 503 Utah Gospel Mission Evangelists Vith Their Severance, Louis H. . ………………… 881 Shanghai, Interior of a Chinese Mohammedan Gospel Wagons …………………… 361 – Presbyterian Mission School in ……….. 363 Mosque in ……….•… ,………… 103 – The N ebo "Stake" Tabernacle, Payson .•. 254 Sheldon, Dr. Martha ….•…..•.••…..•.. 273 – Typical VilIage Tithing Yard, Willard …• 253 Smith, Josepb, Bronze Statue <>f. ••••••••••• 249 Weeks, J. H., Doctoring a Crocodile Bite … 179> – President Josepb F., Polygamous Family Western Reserve University, Col1eg€l for of, the Present Head of Mormonism •.•• 256 Women …………………………. 896 Sofia, Monument to Alexander II. and Par- Williamst Channing Moore ……………… 653 liament Buildings ………………… 415 Wooster, Ohio, Severance Library at the – Protestant Church in ……………….. 419 Solomon Islands Bushman ………..•.•..•• 520 University of ……………………. 807 – –.., Mission Schools, Missionary Visiting .. 518 –War Canoe of the ……………….. 519 Wl1chang, City of, Looking Across the Yang· Sun Vat Sen ……………………….. . 117 ste River from Han yang ………….. 109 Zia Hang-eai, Eloquent Chinese Preacher… III AUTHORS PAGE PAGE: BAIRD, ELIZABETH STRANG .••.••.••..••..••• 820 GYAW, HLA •••••••••…•..•••…….•. 294 BAKEMAN, PERCIVAL R.•………………. 123 HALLIWELL, H •••.•••••…………. :. 767 BAKER, A. W. • •••••••••••••…••••.•••••• 428 HANSON, O .••.•.••••.••…•••….•..•….. 291} BARTON, ]AMES L. •••••••••••.••••••••••••• 87 HARSAMJI, ALEX • . • • • . . . . . . . • . • . . . . . . . • . . • 595 BEAMAN, W. F………………………. 108 HARTZELL, JOSEPH C………………….. 769 BEACH, HARLAN P. ……………•..••.••. 45 HAYMAKER, EDWARD M. • ••••.•••..•.•..•••• 807 HENDRIX, E. R. ……………………… 442 BRAIN, BELLE M……… 173, 278, 753, 843, 910 BROUGHTON, W. G ••••••.•••••••••••••••••• 536 HERRICK, GEORGE F. • •••••..••..•••…. 119, 421 CARPENTER, W. B. …………………••. 52 HICKS, HARRY WADE ••••..•••••••••••••••• 843 CARROLL, H. K ••••••..••.•…•••…•••…. 257 HINMAN, GEORGE W. • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . • 501 CLARK, FRAN CIS E. …………………… 495 HlNo, MASUMI •••••…..•.•.••.••..•..•..• 647 CLARK, JOHN W. • •••.•…..••.••••••••••• 830 HOLLISTER, GEORGE W. ., ..•…•..•.•.••..• 600 eOAN, FREDERICK G. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 487 HOUSE, JOHN HENRY •••••.••….••••••.••• 26$ COCHRAN, MRS. JAMES •••••..•••.•.•…••• 135 HUNTER, SrANLEY A. • •••…•.•…••.•..•• 813 CRAWFORD, DAN • / ••••••.•••••.•..••..••••• 532 HUTCHINS, WILLlAM J. . ………….. 167, 521 CURTIS, PIERSON ..••••••••…….••.•••••• 115 INWOOD, CHARLES ••..•…..•…..•..•…•• 851 JARRETT, J. L. …………………… 201, 853 DANNER, W. M. . ……………..•…..•• 208 DEC-Ie, NORTH COTE ••••••••••••.•••••••••••• 518 JOHNSON, HOWARD AGNEW …………….. 937 ERDMAN, CHARLES R. …………………. 567 KELLER, FRANK A. …………………… 327 f'ROST, HENRY W. . ………………….. 134 KERR) ROBERT •.•••••…..•.•••….•. , ….• 407 KIRMICHI, KOZAKI ••.••.• _ . . . . . _ . . . . . . . . . .• 661 FULLERTON, W. Y. . ………………….. 378 GALE, JAMES S. ……………………..• 688 KOONS, E. WADE .••••••••••••••••..••.•••• 283 GLAss. FREDERICK C. …………………• 934 LABAREE, MRS. BENJAMIN W. • ••……..•• 578 GLOVER, ROBERT H. . .•.••………….. 585, 678 LEVERING, LEVI •..•.••.•••••••••………. 857 GoOCH, FLORENCE E. • .•…••..•..•.•••••.• 933 LoNG, GEORGE ••..•••••••…•••…•. 586 GoFORTH, MRS. JONATHAN, 529 MASON, MRS. LANDON R •••.••……..•.•.. 376 GoOD, JAMES I ……………………….. 608 McGILLIVRAY, DONALD •.•.•……………. 339 GRACEY, LILLY RYDER ••••.••••…..•..•••• 273 MEYER. LOUIS .•…•….••……•..••…••• 1 GRIFFIS, WILLIAM ELLIOT ••••.•…••••.•..• 653 MILLER, WILLIAM B. …………… 903

PAGE PAGE MORGAN. G. CAMPBELL ..••…•••…•.•••.• 23 SPEER, ROBERT E. . ..•………………•.• 204 MOTT, JOHN R………………………. 454 MYERS, H. W. • •••••••.••..•.•.••.•.•.••• 287 SPENCER, DAYID …………………….. 690 NUTTING, JOHN D. • .•••.••••.••.••••• 241, 355 ODELL, JOSEPH HENRY ……………….. 611 STANDING, P£RCY CROSS ..••.••..•.•••..••• 197 PADDOCK, Mas. JOHN .•••.•..•.•.•..•..•••• 855 STEINER, EDWARD A. •………•…….•.•. 187 PALMER, CAROLIIIE L. …………………• 31 TOML[NSON,_ ROBER'I: ••••••••••••••••••••••• 125 PARSHAD, MASIH ••••••••••••••••••••.••••• 669 TROTTER, MISS I. LILIAS ……………… 582 PETTUS, W. B. ..••••.•••………….••• 103 UPSON,. ARTHUR T. • .••.•..•.• 351, 730, 821, 926 PIERSON, ERNEST DELANCy ••••..•. 193, 369, 458 VAN. Ess, JOHN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 735 POLLARD, S. • •••••••••••••.•••••••••••••••• 741 VAN NORDEN, WARNER M ……………… 272 POPOFF, M. N. • •.•••••.••.•••••••••••••••• 412 VENABLE, MRS. W. A. ……………….. 694 RIGGs, CHARLES T. …………………… 17 VERMILYE, MISS ELIZABETH •••••……..••. 855 RIGGs, HENRY H. ••••••••••••••.•••••••••• 815 WATSON, CHARLES R. ………………….. 345 ROBERTS, PHILIP I. …………….•.••••• 181 WATT, MRS. STUART •••••.•••…•..•••.••• 685 ROHOLD, S. B. ………………………. 887 WHITE, STANLEY ••••••••.••.••••••••••••• 895 ROUNDS, MRS. T. C. ………………… 671 WILSON, S. G. •.•..••••…………..•.•.. 57 SMITH, ARTHUR H. • ••..•.•••.•.. 746, 837, 919 W,NTER, NEVIN O. • •••••••.••••.••••••••• 760 SMITH, FLORENCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511 YAPLE, G. R. …….. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. … 438 YOUNG, S. HALL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61~ ZWEMER, SAMUEL M . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7, 9S, 727, 769 SUBJECTS¥ PAGE PAGE Abyssinia, Death of Menelik Reported 310 Africa, Testimony of a Negro Boy i~ …… 463 – "The Year of Love" in Central (b) Dan Administration, Cost of Missionary……… 379 Crawford ……………………….. 532 Advertising and Missions •••••..•.••….••. 464 – Universities Mission in .•…•..•.•.•••.• 555 – West, New Station Opened in •••••••••.•• 232 Afghanistan, Moslems in ………………. 96 – …:.. British ………………………… 709 – – Islam Aggressive in the Yoruba Country 796 AFRICA, Anti·Moslem Sentiment in..••.•.. 721 – – Signs of Dawn in ………………… 165 – – Waiting for a Teacher in …•••.••• 155, 634 – Boy Preacher …………………….. 709 – Woful Spiritual Needs of ……………. 632 – C. T. Studd goes to ………………… 231 African Boarding-school under Difficulties… ISS – Chief Destroys Objects of Worship …… 873 -~ Central, German Mission at Ujiji. …..•.. 156 African Church, Another Live .•••…•.••.•• 953 – Experience, Stirring Volume of (a) Re- – Delights of Travel in ………………… 636 viewed by Belle M. Brain…………. 173 – Difficulties in Ovamboland………….•.. 232 – Mohammedans and the Gospel, North .•.•• 309 – Pentecost ………….'… .. . . . . .. • .. … 73 – East, Islam Making' Rapid Gains in .•.•..• 635 – "Rush" into the Church …………….. 874 – Savages, Life Among (b) Mrs. Stuart – Evangelizing a Great Agency .•••..••••.• 795 Watt ………………………….. 685 – German East, First Fruits in Ruanda •••• 155 African's Story of the Prodigal Son (b) .•.•• 696 Ainu, John Batchelor, Apostle to the …….. 626 Great Revival in ………..••.•..•.•••• 953 Alaska, Christian Endeavor in ••••……••.. 864 – Islam in ………. .. .. . .. . .. .. • .. • .. .• 309 – Good News from …………………… 545 – Protestant Episcopal Work in .••••..••••• 220 – Kings Baptized in Ovamboland ……….. 310 -Rising Tide in. S. Hall young………. 615 – Teaching the Indians in (a) Robert Tom· – :'>foslem Activity in ………………… 634 Iinson ………………………….. 126 — North, Discarding Islam ……•……… 565 Albania and the Gospel. ……………….. 322 – Missionary Ordered Out of ……….•… 225 – – Methodist Mission Work in. . .. . .. . .. . . 72 – News from •.•………….•……•.•.. 225 – – Outlook in •…….•…………….. 393 – Outlook in ……………………….• 885 Algeria, Emigration of Mohammedan from ••• 395 – – Then and Now ………………… 462 Alliance Mission in Gujerat ••.•••..•..••••• 622 Alone with God (b) John R. Mott ………. 454 – Progress in 1912 ………………….. I Alphabet for India? …………………. 949 "America, a FOTeign Mission Field" .••.•••• 313 – Promising Outlook in ……………… 311 – Results of Missions in …••.•..••.•.•••.. 952 – Rome's Work in ..••.••..•.••….••.•••. 462 – Royal Epistle •.•••….•….. '.' …..••.• 312.

– Shame in Southwest ……………….. 556 – South, Mission in the Gold Mines…….. 636 –Needs of ………………………. 875 – – New Scheme for Evan:;elization in …. 954 – – Problems of the Native Church in (a) H. P. Beach •••.••••….•.••••••.• 45 – – Progress in ……………………. 165 – – Strong Drink and Crime in •…•••••.. 955 – – The Color Line in (a) A. W. BakeT… 428 –The White League ………………. 312 * (a) indicates an article over 3 pages in length; the letter (b) a brief article from one to three pages in length. All other subjects indexed are less than one page in length. The number of the + month when any given artiele appeared may be found by dividing ,the number of the page by 80 and adding 1 to the unit so obtained. For example: page 548. -;. 80 = 6, 1 = 7 (July).

INDEX

PAGE PAGE AMERICA, Chinese Women Students in •••• 220 Bapti~ts, I{U5sians Against . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80l America, .At-ousing the Church in (a) W. B. Barnardo'. Homes, Dr. ……………….. 65 Miller ………………………….. 903 Barol)" David, in America •.•.• '.' ………..• 791 – Christian Work for Orientals in (a) Geo. Batchelor, John, Apostle to the Ainu .•.••..• 626 Battles of a Spiritual Warrior (Arthur T. W. Hinman ………..:…………… 501 – Comlention of Southern Laymen ••.••••••• 390 Pierson) (b) Robert E. Speer …••..• 204 – Cooperative Work for Orientals in ……• 485 Beast, Sacrifice to the ………………… 62 – Dendo-Dan, Japanese in ••••••••••••••••• 790 – Hindu Missionary on the Pacific Coast•••• 792 BeiJiss, Defeat of Superstition .•.•………• 947 – Hosts of Immigrants to …… '.. …….. 789 – Japanese in .'………………………. 792 Beirut Theological Seminary .•…..••••••.. 8S – Meeting Italians as They Land in …….. 789 Belgium and the Kongo …… -. . . . . • • • • • . • •. 462 – Outlook for Unity in ………………. 61 Berea, Kentucky, Revival at ……••.••.•.. 392- – Progress in ………………………… 1 – Revival at Berea, Kentucky…………. 392 Bermuda, Portuguese Becoming Protestants in 221 – Volunteer Movement for Home Missions •• 485 Bible Distribution, Hidden Fruits of, in China 7~ – Was This in Free …………………. 791 – – i n Hunan, China (a) Frank A. Keller.. 327 American Board Celebrating an Anniversary – for the Eskimo ……………………. 544 – for Travelers in Armenia ~"""'''''''''''''''' 782- in India…………………………. (381 – in Bagdad ………………………… 783 – Leper Colony, Visit to an (b) W. M. Dan- – in Russia ………………………… 717 ner ……………………………. 208 – Scenes and Customs in Korean Life. Mrs. – Savages and the Turk ……………… 469 Americans, New, for a New America ••..•.•• 941 W. A. Venable …………………… 694 Among a Forgotten People in Brazil (b) – Societies, Comity Between ……•..•..•.. 862- – Society, World's Greatest… . .•.•••••••.• 65 Frederick C. Glass ……………….. 934 – Teachers' Training School …••……••.. 62- Angola, New Station Opened in …. "……. 72 – Work, American …………………… 713 Anti-Mosiem Sentiment in Africa •••••••••• 721 Bibles for Arab Pilgrims ………………. 385 Apple, Trees in the …………………… 311 Bolivian Missions and Putumayo Indians (b) Arabia, Dr. Zwemer at Jiddah ••••••••••••,•• 469 – God's Hand as I saw it in (a) John Van Percy Cross Standing ……………… 197 Bombay Social Service League ……••.•••• 70S Ess , …………………………… 735 BOOKS ~new) •….. 160, 240, 320, 399, 480, 560- – Islam in …………………………. 98 Arabic Bible, New …………•…•….•.. 148 640, 720, BOO 879 Arabs, Among the Bedouin .••.•….•….. _. 386 Arab Pilgrims, Bibles for ….••••..••.•..••. 385 – Among Central African Tribes. S. J. Corey 239" Arctic Travel-A Parable …….•……….. 538 Armenia, Bible for Travelers in………… 782 – Among Kongo Cannibals. J. H. Weeks.159, 173 – Gideons iJf …………………………. 226 – America, God's Melting Pot. L. C. Craig. 798- Armenians 9iving of Their Poverty ……… 303 – American Social and Religious Conditions. – Two Great-Hearted ………………… 390 Army.and Navy Chaplains Needed ………. 543 Charles Stelzle ., …………….•..• 235 – – – Y. M. C. A. Secretaries for ……•.• 862 – Apa Suka Tuan. J. Angus • . . . . . . . . . • . . .. 638 Arthingtoll's Will, Robert …………….. 386 – Appeal of Medical Missions. R. F. Moors- Articles Worth Reading …….•……….. 240 head ……………………..•……. 960' ASIA, Methodists Work in Southern ……..• 147 – Apostle of the North. Memoirs of Rev. Atlanta's Campaign .against Vice., ………. 629 William Carpenter Bompas. H. A. Cody. 238 – Around the World in Studies and Stories of Presbyterian Missions. C.. E. Bradt, W. R. King, H. W. Reherd …………… 639' .~ Arthur T. Pierson: A Spiritual Warrior, Mighty jn the Scripture. D. L. Pierson. 204- – Banks of the Ganges. C. Morison …….. 479 A USTRALIA, Missionary Progress in…… 801 – Bibliography for Missjonary Students_ H.

– Revival in ………………………… 154 U. Weit'Jrecht. Editor ……………. 719- Australian Board 'of Missions … ", …. ' . " .. 312 – Burma, What Books to read on …•….. ,. 879- Austria, 'ILos von Rom" movement in …. 66. 620 – Call of the New South ………………. 319- – Methodism in ………. .. .. . .. . .. . …. 546' – Call of the World. W. E. Doughty…… 17 Azar;1Ih, V. S;-First Anglican Indian Bishop 145 – Can the World be Won for Christ? N. Baffin Land, Thrilling Experience in (b) W. MacLean·. ……….. ………….. 77 G. Broughton ……………………… 536 – Camp and Tramp in African Wilds. E. Bagdad, Bible in …………………….. 783 Torday …………………………. 478 – Opportuuity for Love in ………….••.. 868 — Canada's Greate;;t Need. E. Rogers…… 799- Balkan War, By-product of the ……. , ….. 547 – Catch-my.-Pal. R. J. Patterson ………. 236- – – Mohammedanism and Christianity (a) – Cantoa Christian College Bulletin …….. 879- J. L. Barton…. ………………. 87 – Children at Play in Many Lands. K. S.

– -. Political and Religious Results of the Hal! ………………………….•• 72Q- (a) C. T. Riggs …………..,' .. . .. 17 – Children of Borneo. E. H. Garnes .. 319, 64.

– -.Zone, Christians in the ….•…….•… 387 – China Mission Year Book. D. McGillivray. 158- Balkans, Missionaries in the War Zone…… 67 – Chinese St. Francis, or The .Life of Bro- – Open Door in the …………. ,…….. 321 ther Mao. C. C. Brown . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . 20110 – Religion and Politics in the .•…. , ….•… 644 – Christian' Education of Women in .the East. 159- Bangkok, Training School at ••••………. 147 – Christian Movement in Japan for 1913. J.

Baptist F. Y. S.• Woman's American ….•… 862 L. Dearing, Editor …………. 877 Baptist.. lot Ru..ia, Difficulties of .•…••••••• 405 – Chri.tianity at Work. C. S. Macfarland .. SSS:

PAGE PAGE Books. Claim of Suffering. E. K. Paget. .. 317 Rooks. Modern Call of Missions. J. S. – Comrades from Other Lands. L. A. Di· Dennis ………………………….. 798 mock ………………………….. 798 – Modern Pioneer in Korea. W. E. Griffis.. 79 – Constructive Quarterly. S. McBee, Editor. 638 – Mortimers. The. J. A. S. Batty ………. 640 – Daily Life in Palestine. A. Forder …… 479 – Muslim Sir Galahad. H. O. Dwight•••.•• 478 – Dry·Dock of a Thousand Wrecks. P. I. – Nathan Sites. S. M. Sites …………… 558 – New America. M. C. and L. C. Barnes .• 798 Roberts ……………………… 78, 181 – New Thrills in Old China. C. E. Hawes .. 55~ – Education of Women in India. H. C. – Notable Women of Modern China. M. E.

Cowan …………………………. 317 Burton •.•..•…••………•.••.•.•••• 557 – Elemental Forces on Home Missions. L. – Ordinary Man and the Extraordinary C. Barnes …………..•.•……….. 238 Thing. H. Begbie …………•……• 79 – English for Coming Americans. Peter – Our Missionary Heritage. A. D. Watson •• 639 – Our Neighbor: The Japanese. J. K. Roberts ………………………… 80 – English Woman's Twenty.five Years in Goodrich ……………………….. 877 – Our Opportunity in China. J. A. S. Batty 319 Tropical Africa …………………. 318 – Parish of the Pines. T. S. Whittles …… 236 – Epoch ~fakers of Modern Missions. A. – Pastor Hsi. G. G. Taylor ••••••.•••.••••• 639 – Pennell of Bannu. A. L……………… 159 McLean ………………………… 398 – Personal Life of David Livingstone. W. – Fight for Life. F. M. Hensley………. 318 – Ghosts of Bigotry. P. C. yorke .•..•••• 639 G. B1aikie •.••……….•………… 240 – Half 'I Century in China. A. E. Moule ..• 278 – Place in the Sun. H. W. Case ……•.•• 478 – Handbook of Modern Japan. E. W. Cle· – Primer of Hinduism. J. N. Farquhar •… 878 ment …………………………… 719 – Progress and Arrest of Islam in Sumatra. – Hinduism~Ancient and Modern. J. A. G. Simon ……………………… , 369 Sharrock ………………………. 719 – Putumayo: The Devil's Paradise. W. E. – Holy Bible ……………………….. 159 – Home Mission Task. V. L. Master …•.. 877 Hardenburg …………………….. 458 – Human Progress Through Missions. J. – Rainbow in the Rain. J. C. Cochran…. 160 L. Barton •.••••..•… , .••……•.•… 239 – Hundred Years of Missions. D. L. Leon- – Revivals of Religion. C. G. Finley…….. 879 – Scarlet Woman. I. M. Haldeman …….. 720 ard •…………………………… 559 – Shantung, the Sacred Province of China, – Immigrant: An Asset and a Liability. F. in Some of its Aspects. R. C. Forsyth. 157 J. Harkin ……….. , …………… 799 – Some Immigrant Neighbors. J. R. Henry. 80 – Immigrant Forces: Factors in the New De- – Sorrow and Hope of the Egyptian Sudan.

mocracy. W. P. Shriver .•..••••••••.• 799 C. R. Watson ……………… : ….. 639 – Indian Unrest. V. Chirol …•………… 959 – In the Heart of Savagedom. Mrs. S. Watt. 685 – South Mobilizing for Social Service. J. – Inside View of Mission Life. A. L. Baird. 800 – Islam Lands. Nubia, The Sndan, Tunisia E. McCullock ………………….. 878 – Spiritual Culture and Social Service. C. S. and Algeria. M. H. Shoemaker . . . . . . 318 – Isle of Edin. J. D. Duggan …………. 237 MacFarland .:…………………… 720 -Just Before the Dawn. R. C"Armstrong .. 193 – Steep Ascent. E. E. Entwistle ………• 638 – King's Business. M. W. Raymond .•.•… 798 – Struggle for Christian Truth in Italy. G. – Land of the New Guinea Pigmies. C. C. Luzzi ……..•………•..•……..•. 637 Rawling ……•.••……..•.••..•.•. " 477 – Sunshine and Shadow on the Tibetan Bor· – Land of the Peaks and the Pampas. Jesse der. F. B. Shelton ………………. 559 Page ………••………..•.•.••..•.. 637 – Survey of the Missionary Occupation of – Life of Arthur Jackson of Manchuria. A. China. T. Cochrane ……………… 797 J. CosIan ………………………… 79 – Theosophy and the Coming Christ. E. R.

– Life of G. L. Wharton. E. R. Wharton .. 479 McNeile ……………………….. 877 – Livingstone, David. C. S. Horne .••.••.. 239 – Thinking Black. Dan Crawford ••…. 397. 521 – Livingstone, David. Vautier Golding ..•. 240 – Three Men on a Chinese Houseboat. W. – Lotus Buds. A. Wilson·Carmichael. •….• 639 – Men and Religion Messages •..•…•….. 77 Munn …………………………. 239 – Men Who Were Found Faithful. R. E. – True Evangelism. L. S. Chafer………. 558 – Twenty·five Years in Qua Iboe. R. L. Speer ………………………….. 238 – Mexico To·day. G. B. Winton ••………• 960 McKeown ………………………. 477 – Mexico: What to Read on …•….••.••.• 800 – Twenty Years of Pionner Missions in Ny· – Millennial Dawnism. I. M. Haldeman ••.• 720 – ' Missionary Campaign. W. S. Hooton .•.• 238 a'sal.nd. J. T. Hamilton •..•……•.•. 558 – Missionary Ex.plorers Among the American – Veiled Mysteries of Egypt, and the Reli· Indians. M. G. Humphries ……•..•.• 800 gion 01 Islam. S. H. Leeder………. 397 – Missiouary Methods, St. Paul's or Ours. – Way of Honor. Henry Kingman ….•••. 558 – West·Pointer in the Land 01 the Mikado. R. Allen ……………………….. 557 – Missionary Study Principles. G. T. Man. L. D. Garst ..••…….•..••…..•..• 559 – What Next in Turkey. D. B. Eddy •••• 960 ley …………………………….. 159 – World's Student Christian Federation. Lake – Missions in Latin America ……………. 879 Mohonk Conference, 1913…..•…….•. 878 – Missions: Their Rise and Development. L. – Year Book of Missions in India, Burma Creighton ……•……………..•.•• 77 and Ceylon, 1912. J. P. Jones ……•.. 158 Booth's Latest Scheme, General •••..••..•. 865 Borden, William Whiting ……………… 75 – – – Ideal Missionary Volunteer (a) Charles R. Erdman ……………… 567

INDEX

PAGE PAG& Boxer Rebellion, Bible and the ….•.••….• 229 China, Education in …………………. 82 Boys, Student Movement Work among••..•• 562 – Educational Changes in ..••……….•• 805 Brahman became a Christian, How a .•.••••• 299 – Enlarged Work in …………………. 70 Brahmans's Also Awakening in India, Are the. 802 – Eventful Year in New (a) Arthur H. Smith 746 Brainerd's Words of Devotion •.••…••.•••• 688 – Famine Feared in …•…………..•.•• 704 Bra2il, Among a Forgotten People in (b), – Five Foreign Forces at Work in ……… 272 Frederick C. Glass ………………… 934 – Four Languages in Rivalry .•…….••..• 3i9 – Inquiries in ………………………. 715 – Free Church of ……………………. 786 – Strange Outcome of Persecution in……. 945 – From Benighted Hunan •.•………••.. 305 'Brent, Bishop, on Immigration …………. 714 – From Soothsayer to Colporteur ………. 230 Brother Mao: A Chinese St. Francis <a) …. 209 – Good Work in …………………….. 5·51 Brotherhood of Man .•…….•..••…….. SS8 – Government and Religion in …………. 217 Brown Children, Song of the (poem) …..• 917 – Great and Impressive Gatherings in ……. 787 Buddhism …………………………… 649 – Great Demand for the Bible in…..••… 703 Buddhist Missionaries Active •…•.•••.•..• 545 – Growth of a Quarter Century ..•..••..•.. 38;, Buddhists Imitating Christian Methods in – Hawaiian Missionaries for …………… 153 Japan ………………………….. 307 – Hidden Fruits of Bible Distribution in… 70 Bulgaria, Bible in …………………… 150 – How the Day of Prayer was Kept in….. 624 – Pomaks becoming Christians ………… 322 – How the Gospel Reached an Island in ….. 871 – Revival in ……•.•…..•…………•• 467 – Inland Mission Growth …………..•.. 946 – Situation in …….••.•..•.•..•……… 722 -John R. Mott in …………………… 481 – The Youngest Kingdom (a) M. N. Popoff. 412 – John R. Mott and Eddy Among the Stu· Burma, Conversion of Mos]ems in ………. 550 dents of (b) …………………….. 525 – One Hundred Years in ……………… 801 – Large Place for Mission Schools in…… 787 Business for God, In …………………. 58 – Largest Missionary Parish …………… 229 Cairo-Mecca-Constantinople (a) S. M. Zwe· – Lights and Shadows in ……….•.•••••• 643 mer . …….. ……….. … ….. …… 7 – Makers of the New ……………….. 872 Calabar Country, In the ………………. 634 – Men and Religion Party in …………•.. 551 CaHfornia on Missions in Japan, Influence of. 699 – Merchants and Missionaries in. . . . . . . . . . .. 472 Campaign for Home and Foreign Missions, – Missions in …………….. : …••….•• 141 Plans for the United (a) W. B. Miller .• 903 – Mixed Religion in …………………. 725 Canada, Mormon Invasion of ••••….••…•• 152 – Most Popular Book in …….•….••••.. 785 – Jews in ………………………….. 944 – Needs of a Single Province in ………… 5S() – Progress Toward Union in … . . . . .. . . . . . . 6 -New Alphabet and a New Vocabulary …. 550 Canada's Immigration Problem ………… 63 – – President and P,rliament …………. 949 Canadian Fruit of the Laymen's Movement.. 63 ~ – Woman in …………………….. 703 Canal Zone, Another Side of Life in the…. 864 – Observations in Japan, Korea and (a) C. Canton Christian College ••..•••.••.•….•.• 143 L. Palmer ……………………… 31 – Transformation of …………………. 564 Cape Colony, Cooperation in …………… 73 – of To·day ……………………..•.. 482 Catch My Pal Movement …………….. 791 – One of the Surprizes of Inland-Nosuland Cebu, Churches Wrecked in •..•……….•• 154 Central America, Conditions in •………… 223 (a) S. Pollard …………………… 741 Ceylon, Mission Centenary in ….•..•…..• 548 – Opium and Religion in …….•.•…•••.. 883 Chaplains Needed, Army and Navy………. 543 – Organizing a Y. M. C. A. in Yunnanfu •.• 473 Changing the Unchangeable in China (a) A. – Praying and Working in …………….. 142 – Preaching Christ in the Temple of Heaven. 383 H. Smith ….•….•…•..•………… 919 – Present Conditions of Missionary Work in Chicago, World in ……………………. 219 Child Wives of India • _. . . . . • . . . . • . • . • . . .. 300 Western (a) W. F. Beaman ……•..•.. 108 Children, CaU of Moslem (a) J. C. Hartzell – I'rogress in ……………………….. 1 – Revival in North •..•….•……….••.. 472 and S. M. Zwemer ••.•………••….. 769 – Revival in Southwest …………….•.. 242 Children's Gifts to Missions ..••………… 315 – Revival in West ………………….. 564 China about to become Christian, Is …•…. 618 – Revival of Confucianism in ………….. 243 – and Japan Recognizing the Power of Chris· – Roman Catholic Church in …..•…..••. 702 – Russian OrthodoK Church in ……..••.• 143 tianity ••••..•..•….•…….••..•.••. 401 – Significant Changes in …….. .r……… 141 – Burning Lepers in …•..•.•••…..•….. 306 – Singapore Praying for ……………… 711 – Changes in Two Provinces in ••.••.••…. 625 – South, Activity in ……••…….•…•.• 704 – Changing Conditions in •..•.••….•••..• 139 – Step Toward Independence ………•..•. 305 – Changing the Unchangeable in (a) A. H. – Striking Contrast ………………•…. 703 – Strange Prayer Meeting in ..••…….•.•. 950 Smith ….••….•…….•..••.•……•• 919 – Student Conversion in ……………… 804 – Christian Church in (a) Arthur H. Smith. 837 – Successful Fortnight ……………….. 304 – – in the Cabinet in ……………….. 471 – Sun Yat Sen and the Awakening of (b) – – Influence at Work in ……………. 870 Pierson Curtis …………………… 115 – – Literature for ………………….. 472 – Temperance far Children in •.••…••••• 625 – Christian Officials in Kwangtung •…….. 701 – Three Signs in New ……………….. 563 – Church.Union Movements in ………….. 141 – Tug.with·all·yaur·Might Society .•….•… 305 – Civilized Nations Obstructing Civilization – Union School for Children of Missionaries in ……………………………… 882 in ……………………………… 2;19

PAGE PAGE: China, Victories Gained for the Gospel in 879 Christianity, the Religion for Japan •….•… 65() Christians, Indian ……………………. 228 – What I Saw in. Stanley A. Hunter •••••• 813 Christmas Programs, Missionary Suggestions – Wholesale Burning of Idols in •••••••••. 143 for <a) Belle M. Brain ………… : … 91() Church Awake? Is the ………………… 53~ – Woman Suffrage in …………………. 305 – M; E. Some Encouraging Figures……. 79~ – What Missions do for a …………….. 378 – Women's Convention in •••••••••••••••. 625 – Which Means Business ……………… 23~ Citizenship Movement, World's …………. 151 – Work of Grace in North Honan. Mrs. J. Clues to the Contents ………………… gg() Coillard's Gift, Francois ••••••••••••••.•..• 133 Goforth •• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • .. • • • .. • • • • • •• 529 Collection, National Missionary ••.•…..••.• 866 College in Turkey, New Christian •••••••••• 707 – Year of the Republic in …………….. 3 Colombian Mission, Progress. in a John L.

– Yuan Shih Kai and the Y. M. C. A …… 243 Jarrett …………………………… 85~ Comity Plan for Home Missions ………… 942 – Y. M. C. A. Convention in …………… 229 Conference, Officers Foreign Missions ……. 218 Confucianism ………………………… 648 – Y. M. C. A. in Hongkong …………… 473 Confucianism as a State Religion ••..•.•••. 9S() – in China, Revival of ……………….. 24~ China's Christian AmDassador ………….. 950 Congregational Reorganization •••••.••••••• 942 Constantinpole–Cairo-Mecca(a) S. M. Zwe- China's Day of Prayer, One Observance of. .. 545 mer •………… ,. ..•……….. ….. 7 – Fierce War on Opium ……………… 383 – College …………………………… 547 – Relief Work from …………………. 468 – Greatest Need ……………………. 384 Constantinople College ………………… 948 Convention, Memphis Home Mission •..•… 166 -New Alphahet ……………………. 142 Conventions in Store. Fifty Missionary ••••. 218 Cooperation in Cape Colony .••••••••••••••• 73 – New Women, One of ………………. 228 – in the Philippines, Church ••••.•••••••••• 313 Coptic Church of To-day ………………. 461 – Religions Fail, How. Mrs. James Coch· Cost of Missionary Administration ……•… 37~ – of Religion •………•……………… 734 ran . . . . . . . . . . . 135 0 • • • • • • • • • • • • • 0 • • • • • 0 ••• Country Towns, Good Plan for …•……… 619 Crawford, Dan ..••.•.•……………….. 55'> – Self-Government Begun ………..•….. 402 – – On Trees in the Apple ………….. 311 Critics, An Answer to …………………. 539 – Spiritual Outlook …………………. . 69 Crime and Strong Drink in South Africa .•.. 955 Crowther Memorial, Bishop …….•.••.•… 395 – Taoist Council ……………………. . 474 Cuba, Presbyterian Church in •••.••••..•… 222 Daudi Chwa in London ………………. 793 Chinese Advertisements, Some ………… . 786 _ King, of Uganda, in England .•……•.. 636 Deaconesses in India, Heathen …………. 382 – Bandits Capture Missionaries ……….. . 950 DEATHS. – Bible DiStribution in Hunan (a) Frank – Abrams, Minnie D., of India………… 156 – Adams, Joseph S., of China .•……….. 156 A. Keller …………………….. .. 327 – Bergin, G. Fred, of Bristol …………. 75 – Bezjian, Prof. H. Alexan, of Armeai….. 476- – Bible in English Letters ……………. . 303 – Boggs, Dr. W. B., of India ………….. 718 – Borden, William Whiting. …….. . . . • . .• 39~ – Christian Leadership ••••….•.•…..•.. 482 – Butier, Mrs. William ……………….. 876 – Christian, Remarkabl~ .••……•…….. 701 – Duta, Henry Wright, of Uganda .•.•…… 718 – Easton, P. Z., of Persia••••••• , •…….. 958 – Christians, Zeal of ..••.••………•….. 305 – Forbes, Robert ……………………. 95S – Gates. Dr. Goo. A., of Fisk…………. 76 – Church at Peking ………………… . 142 – Gay, Dr. TeofiJo, of Italy …•………… 23.4 – Graybill, Mrs. A. T., ot' Mexico ………. 476 – Church, Statistics of the •……..•.•…. 69 – Greene, Rev. Daniel C., of Japan ……..• 87& – Handmann. Senior' Missionary. . • . . . . . . . .. 234 – Colporteur, Blind …………………. . 230 – Kahler, Professor Martin ……………. 234 – Faith and Works ………………….. . 282 – Karmarkar, Rev. S. V.. of India…….. 1& – Kluge, Director H. J. . …………….. 234 – "Free Church" ……………………. 70 – Lane, H. N., of Brazil. ……………. 47& – Mansell, William Albert, of India…….. 396 – Girls, Modem …………………….. 304 – Meyer, Dr. Louis …….'…•………… 566 – Ogden, Robert C., of New york ……… '9& – Government and Opium .••••………… 383 – Phraner, ·Rev. WilsC>n ……••.•…•…… 391£. —-.. Riggs, Edward, of Turkey …… ~ …….. . – Idols in a Bonfire ………………….. 752 – Immediate Conversion Among the (b) Belle M. Brain …•..••….•..•..••.•.••…. 278 – Magazines for Women. 786 0 •••••••••••••••••• – Mohammedanism (b) W. B. Pettus •.••…. 103 – Preacher's Institute (b) ·Percival R. ·Bake.

man …••……………•…••….•••. 124 ~ Prison, Chapel in a ………………… 950 – Prisons, Christian Teaching in ……….. 474 – Republic and Missions ……………… 141 – Republic as a Mission Field (a) Donald McGillivray ..•…………………•.. 339 …..c. Republic, Moslems in the ..••.••…•…•. 97 – Senator, Another Christian •………… 471 – Student Volunteers ….••••…….. 304, 805 – Temples. Utilizing …………………. 231 – Women, Critical Time for •.•••……….. 871 – Women Students in America •..•…•…. 220 Christ, Cross of (a) G. C. Morgan………. 23 Christian Endeavor, From Hinduism to ….. 623 – – in Alaska ………………………. 864 – – in Egypt ……………………….. 72 – – in Japan and Korea ……………… 626 – – i n Micronesia …………………… 74 – – Society, Moslem …………………. 301 – How I Became a (b) Masih Parshad••.••. 669 – Prince in Israel (Louis Meyer) <a) Mrs.

T. C. Rounds ……………………. 671 Christianity, Balkan War, Mohammedanism and (a) James L. Barton ………….. 87 – a Universal Religion ……………….. 939

INDEX

PAGE PAGE 'Deaths. Roe, Walter C., of Oklahoma 395 Germany, leAn Epoch in Mi~sion History" .. 467 – and Missions ……………………… 620 _ SeveranceJ Louis H., of New york ….. 718 – Christian Status …………. ;………. 149 _ Sheldon, Dr. Martha, of Tibet……….. 76 – Exodus from Rome in ……………… 620 – Great School of Languages..•.•.••…•••• 224 – Smiley, Albert K., of Mohonk……….. 76 – Religious Conditions in .•….•..•.•.••••• 806 – Sabbath Neglect in ……. "………….. 867 – Terry, Dr. Erna, of China .•••••..•.••. 958 Gideons of Armenia……….. . .. • • . .. • .. •• 226 Gift to Charity, Great …………………. 865 -Thoms, Sharon J., of Arabia …………. 234 Gifts at Swanwick ……………………. 865 – to Missions, Children's ……..•…..••.• 315 Debt to Humanity, Our……………….. 60 Giving to Missions, Excused from ……….. 494 Glory of the Impossible (b) Miss 1. Lilias Deficits Reported, Serious……………… 619 Trotter …………………………. 582 Disciples and Missionaries……………… 56 God·Prayer-Man-Missions. Henry W. Frost .• 134 God's Hand as I Saw it in Arabia (a) John Donations Received …………………… 217 Van E………………………….. 735 Dream, Converted by a……………….. 707 Gospel the Real Reforming Force……….. 143 Great Britain, Mormonism in …………••. 149 Dutch East Indies, Unoccupied Fields in .. 956 –Movement Toward Unity in ……….. 388 Greece, Mission Work in ……………..•.• 468 East, Convictions of the. J. S. Gale ……. 689 Greek Church, Reform in the ………….. 163 – Orthodox Church in Russia (a) Nevin O. Eddy and Mott in Bombay…………….. 145 Winter …..•….•……..•.•…••.•.• 760 Education in Japan, Emphasis Laid upon ..•• 788 Greene, Rev. D. c., Japan Honors………. 788 Educational Changes in China…………… 805 Guatemala Conditions (a) Edward M. Hay- EGYPT, America's Contribution to (a) Fran· maker …..••………….•.•…•..••• 807 cis E. Clark……………………… 495 – Idolatry in………………………… 223 – and the Barbary States. Zwemer's Visit – Preacher as Minister to ……………. 945 to Belbeis ………………………… 461 Haiti, Missions in …………………….. 221 "Hands-Across-the-Sea" ……………….. 384 – Christian E;ndeavor in………………. 72 Hawaiian Missionaries for China ………… 153 – Dr. Zwemer's Work in ………………. 308 – Missions, Fifty Years of…………….. 790 – Islam in …………………………. 98 Heart of the Problem …………………. 377 – Missionary Value of a Printing Press in. 633 "Heathen" Happy? Are the ……………• 611 – Prayer for …….•…•••….•………• 393 Heathen World, Picture of the …………. 289 – Progress of Education in……………. 85 Hedin, Sven ………………………… 740 – Women's Education in ……………… 632 Hell's Half Acre, Preaching the Gospel in Egyptian Schools, Bibles in……………. 462 Elat, Amazing Growth Continues in .•••… 953 (a) George Long ………………….. 587 England, Strangers in ………………… 546 Himalayas, Missionary Life in the (b) Lilly – Laymen's Conference in •••..••••.•••.• 885 Episcopal Missions, 'Growth of ….•.••…• 951 Ryder Gracey ……. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 273 Eskimo, Bible for the…………………. 544 Hindu Girls, Union Training of ………•••• 381 EskimosJ Blonde …………………….. 466 – Missionary on the Pacific Coast, America.. 792 Europe, Progress in…………………… 1 Hinduism, Stronghold of……..•…•.. 470, 704 Evangelism as a Means to Reform……… 435 – to Christian Endeavor, From ………… 623 – Good Plan for Summer……………… 629 Holy Spirit, Bible Teachings About the ….• 618 Evangelization in South Africa ………… 954 Home and Foreign Missions, Joint Campaign Expense, Missions and Current. ..•••….•.. 790 Factors in Missions Four ……… "….. _. .. 138 for …………………………….. 380 – Missions, Comity Plan for …….•……. 942 j – Mission Work, Great …………•…•..• 149 – Missionary Methods for Workers at (a) Facts for Fuel……………………….. 698 Famine Feared in China ……………….. 704 Miss Belle M. Brain ………………. 753 Federal Council in Chicago……………. 61 – Missions' Council …….. • ………… 218 –Plans of the ……………………. 219 – – Volunteer Movement for ………….. 485 Federated Forces in Japan ……………•• 244 – – Week, Annual ………………….. 542 Federation in Porto Rico ………………. 792 – Workers, Ne'W Ideas for …………….. 726 Figueras Evangelhtic Mission, Spain …….. 388 Horton's Impressions "f India. Dr…….•• 469 Fiji of To-day ……………………….. 541 Hospital, At the "All Pervading-Love" (b) – Population of …………………….. 541 – The Lotu in ………………..•…•.•• 632 Florence E. Gooch ……………….. 933 – Then and Now in …………………. 313 How a Governor in Siam Found Christ (b) Filipino Church ……………………… 712 – Policy, American …………………. 955 H. A Johnson …………………… 937 For All Thy Missionary Saints. (Poem.) Hungary and in the United States, Hun- Elizabeth S. Baird ………………. 386 garian Protestants in. Alex. Harsamji. 595 Forder. Archibald ……………………. 386 Immediate Conversion Among the Chinese Foreign Missions, How to Further………. 467 – – Joint Campaign for Home and…….. 380 (b) Belle M. Brain ……………….. 278 –Pay? Do ……………………… 600 Immigrants-The Melting Pot of the Nations. Formosa, Synod of .•….•………..•…• 486 – Open-air Preaching in …………….. 956 (a) Edward A. Steiner ……………. 187 France, MeAll 'Mission in …………….• 65 – Flood of …………………………. 941 – Methodism in ….••.•……………..• 389 – to America, Hosts of……………….. 789 – Protestant Activity in ……………… 794 – Temperance Law. in ……………….. 946 Free Church Missions in a Nutshell…….. 224 – Preacher as Minister to .••..••.•.••••• 945 German Princess as a Missionary………. 946

PAGE :PAGE Inasmuch Miss-ion, Philadelphia, Story of the Indhn Empire, Christian Progress in the (b) (a) George Long…………………• 587 O. Hanson ………………………. 290 INDIA American Board Celebrating an Anni- – Pastor's District .•…•.•.•…•…•….. 69 versary : ………..••…………….. 381 – Patriotism for the ………………….. 944 – Population, Our …………………… 544 _ Alphabet for …….•………………• 949 – Student Conference ………………… 147 – Among the Bhils in………………… 228 – Students Organize ………………..•. 404 – ..re the Brahmas Also Awakening in …. 802 – What the Bible Did for an …………… 705 – Awakening in Western ……………… 622 – Women Studying Medicine …………..• 470 – Bell as Missionary ………………….. 300 Indians, American, and the Gospel (a) John _ Centennial of Missions In…………… 869 _ Change from Hate to Love ………….• 297 W. Clark ………………………. 830 – Child Wives of ……………………. 300 – in Alaska, Teaching the (a) Robert Tom- _ Christian Congress. in………………. 5 – Christian Unity m …•••••…..•…….• 404 linson ………………………….. 125 _ _ W()Tk for Women in …………….. 145 India's Christians at Work …………….. 548 Infidel Converted ……………………. 716 _ Christianity as Revealed by the Census in. 68 International Missionary Inquiry………… 467 _ Christward Movements in……………. 644 Irish Protestants Opposed to Home Rule …• 946 —' Compulsory Segregation of Lepers in …. 382 ISLAM Aggressive in the Yoruba Country … 796 – Councils of Missions in ••…………… 948 – and Easy Divorce ………………….. 554 _ Conference, Dr. Mott's ……………… 226 – Blight of .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .• 704 – Converts Refuse to March on Sunday … 471 – Change of Front in…………………. 161 – Dr. Horton's Impressions of …………. 469 – in Africa………………………….. 309 – Expulsion Results in Conversions in, …. 785 – in Sumatra, Christianity vs. Ernest D. – Great Host of Widows in ……………. 470 – Heathen Deaconesses in …………….. 382 Pierson ……………………….••• 369 – Homes for Children of British Descent. .. 299 -is Lacking, Where …………………. 621 – in the Interest of Missions, Conferences – Making Rapid Gains in East Africa ……. 635 – North Africa Discarding ……………… 565 in ……………………………… 364 – Present Struggle with ……………….. 394 – Incidents of Mission Life in ………… 470 – Religious Status of …………………. 781 – Living Epistles in………………….. 869 Israel, Christian Prince in (Louis Meyer) – Mass Movement in ………………… 83 – – – in Hyderabad ………………… 470 (a) Mrs. T. C. Rounds ……………. 671 – Mission Schoolboys in………………. 68 – Present Condition of (a) S. B. Rabold … 887 –Work, New Step in ………………. 705 Italy, Change of Sentiment in …………… 947 – Missionary Life in the Himalayas (b) – Modernists in …………………….. 562 – Protestantism in ………………….•. 867 Lilly Ryder Gracey·……………….. 273 JAPAN Agnosticism in ………………. 475 – Mohammedan Educational Conference ….. 227 – and China Recognizing the Power of – Moslem Unrest in ……… _…………. 162 – Moslems in ………………………• 96 Christianity ••…………………•… 401 – Native Missions Society …………….. 298 – Before the Dawn in (b) Review by Ernest – Notable Methodist Ingatherings ………• 949 – Opium and Farming in …………….. 884 Delancy Pierson …………………. 193 – Plans for the Future of …………….. 241 – Power of the Gospel in……………… 146 – BW°Il:. ~~~~i~~.. ~'•..'::i~l.i~~~: .. ~~ .. ~:~ 653 – Progress in ……………………….. 1 – – Seen in One District in………….. 68 – Buddhists Imitating Christian Methods in. 307 – Salvation Army Work in …………….. 297 – Changed Conditions in………………. 403 – Self-Supporting Hospital in …………… 784 – Chapter in the History of Christianity in – Signs of Promise in……………….. 242 – Social Legislation in ……………….. 548 (a) Kozaki Kirmichi ……………… 661 – Some Specimen Evangelists ………….. 298 – Christ in the Slums of (b) H. W. Myers. 286 – Sorabji School in …………………… 706 – Christian Work for Students in………. 724 – Test of Christian Doctrine …………… 622 – Christianity in …………………….. 474 – Training·school for Workers in ………. 785 – Disastrous Fire in Tokyo ……………. 475 – Trials of a Christian in. H. Halliwell ….• 767 – Emphasis Laid Upon Education in …….. 788 – Union for Central. …………………. 483 -Family Worship in …………………. 71 – United Theological College at Bangalore .. 297 – Federated Forces in …………………. 244 – Unreached Classes in ……………….. 623 – Gospel for Unrest in ……………….. 724 – Woman Question in …………………. 300 – Honors Dr. Greene …………………. 788 – Women Students and tbe Student Move· – Important Questions in …………….. 641 – Influence of California on Missions in … 699 ment in …………………………. 549 – Korea and China, Observations in (a) – Work for Low Castes in …………….. 705 Indian Bishop, First Anglican………….. 145 C. L. Palmer ..•……………….•.. 31 – Christians ………………………… 228 – Mott Conferences in………………… 566 – – Would Know, What …………….. 622 – New Era for ………………………. 244 – Does it Pay to Christianize the. Levi – Poverty in •••…….••………….•••. 553 – Present Situation in (b) David Spencer.• 690 Levering ………………………..• 857 – Progress in …..•………………..•. 1 – – of a Generation in ……………… 951 – Recent Progress in…………………. 84 – Religious Condition in ……………… 326 – – Statistics of ……………………. 699

INDEX

l"AGE l"AGS Japan Schools no Longer Non-Religious ….. 626 Korea, First General Assembly in……….. 5 – Seeking a Religion ..•..••••.•….•..•.. 951 – How a Fortune was Lost in •..•.•..•.•• 552 – Service a Christian Idea in ………….. 872 – Student Religion in ……………….. 71 – Japanese in ………………………. 627 – Superstition in ……………………. 553 – Leading Japanese Christians in •••••..•.• 788 – to Become a Christian Nation? Ought (a) – Missionaries and Japanese in ………..•• 861 Masumi Hino ……………………. 647 -to Win the Orient, Win …………….. 787 – New Lines of Work in ………………. 700 – Union Christian College for …………. 652 – Odd Missionary Collections ……….••• 872 – Women's Work in …………………. 552 Japanese and Koreans ……… ,……….. 59 – Outlook in ……………………….• 627 – Christians, Increase of …………….. 70 – Dendo-Dan in America …………….. 790 – Sunday-school Commission in ……….• 701 – Enlightenment …….•……………… 474 – Home, Christian …………………… 307 Korean Bible Class, Large ………….•.• 873 – in America ……………………….. 792 – Christian, Third Trial for ………..•.•• 553 – in America, Mission Work for……….. 63 – in Korea …………………………. 627 – Christian Woman …………………. 554 – Layman ………………………….. 144 – Christians, Trial of Cb) A Statement by the – Pastorate, Notable …..•……………. 144 – Presbyterian Chief Justice …………… 144 Protestant Missionaries in Korea …….. 39 – Side of the Korean Question…………. 71 – Statesman. Testimony of a …………… 307 – Colporteur, Pak ……..•…………… _ 44 – Tribute, Intere.sting ………………… 700 – Woman's Work ……………………. 307 – Conspiracy Case ……•.•.. _……….. , 384 – Women Like? What are …………… 699 – Women, Notable ………………….. 872 – Converted During the Trial •••••….•… 385 – Y_M.C.A. Secretary ………………… 63 – Foreign Mission …………………•.• 385 Japan's Christian University …………… 788 Jamaica, Religious Census of …………… 223 – Heroes, Some Obscure (b) E. Wade Koons 283 Janvier, Dr. C. A. R., to Return to India .. 544 – Life, Bible Scenes and Customs in. Mrs. Java, a Destitute Field ……………… _.. 631 – Mothodist Work in …………………. 631 W. A. Venable …………………… 694 – Moslem Colporteur in ………………. 712 – Missionary to China ……………….. 952 Jerusalem, Opposition in ………………. 708 Jewish People and Missionary Effort (a) S. – Question, J .panese Side of the …….. _.. 71 B. Rohold •……•……………….. 887 – Reference Bible ………….•…• _.•..• 475 Jews Burned to Death ……………….. 794 – Saloon-Keeper, Conversion of a ………. 308 – in Canada ………………………… 944 – in Palestine ………………………. 782 – Trials, Final Outcome of ….•…. _.•..• 951"

– in Russia ………………………… 546 – – More About the _……………….. 140 – Rumania's Treatment of the………….. 794 Joint Campaign for Home and Foreign Mis- – View of Japan's Policy in Korea ..•..•.• 450 sions ..•………………………..• 380 Koreans are Taught, What ….. _……… _ 144 Judson Centenary ……………………. 298 – Going as Missionaries ……………… 701 – Centennial, Plans for the ……………. 298 – Japanese and ……….. _.. . . .. . . .. . .. . • 59 Kaiser Becomes Teetotaler ……………. 947 Korea's Foreign Missions ……………… 789 Karens of Burma, Power of the Gospel Among the. Hla Gyaw ……………. 294 – Work of Foreign Missions ..•…..••..• 627 Kennedy School of Missions ……•…….. 862 Kumamoto Band in Retrospect (a) Kozaki Khama's New Church …….. "……….. 955 Kirmichi . . . . . . . . . . . . 661 0 •• 0 •••• 0 •••••••• Khutba on the Birth of the Prophet Cb) Ar- Kwangtung, Christian Officials in .0 •.•• ··•·• 701 thur T. Upson ………………….. 351 Language Schools for Missionaries …….. . 624 Latin America, Interest in 0.·.·.·········· 392 Known by their Fruits ……………….. 277 – – Mohammedans in …………. – ….. . 64 Kongo Atrocities, Reform in •…….. _. . .. 645 Laymen, An Appeal from the ……..•..•..• 139 – Belgium and the ……………………. 462 – Success on the ……………………. 953 – on a World's Tour ………………… . 151 – Cannibals, Pioneering among Ca) Reviewed Laymen's Conference in England ………. . 885 by Belle M. Brain …………………. 173 – Movement, Canadian Fruit of the ……. . 63 – for Christ …•…………………….. 231 – Lan~age Difficulty, New …………… 635 LEPER Asylum in Siam …………….. . 147 – MillIons Hungry for the Word in the …. 874 – New Mission on the ………………. 73 – Colony, Visit to an American (b) W. M. – Phenomenal Achievement in the ….. _. . .. 462 Danner ………………………… . 208 – Protestant Influence on the ………….. 795 Kon~oland, How ~he Gospel Advances in…. 874 – Marcus the (b) Mrs. Landon R. Mason .• 376 – Ltquor Traffic tn …•………•……… 484 KOREA J and China, Observations in Japan (a) – Once a Missionary, Now a ………. · … . 784 C. L. Palmer •…………………… 31 Lepers in China, Burning .. 0 ••••••••• 0 ••••• 306 – Christian Growth in ……………….. 642 – in India, Compulsory Segregation of ….. . 382 – Christian Leaders Visiting ………….•. 230 Leprosy in Paraguay ……………….. .. 630 – Convictions of the East. J. S. Gale…… 689 "Let Down Your Nets" (Poem) ……….. . 449 – Examination of Converts in ………•.•. 475 – Eager for the Gospel in …•.•..•…•••. 700 Limiting God ……………………… 0 •• 859 72 ~T~:ffi~n~n~iJs~~~~.:::::::::::::::::: :::: 709 – Traffic in Kongoland ……….•..•…..• 484 Literature for Oriental Women ………… . 703 – Missionary-How to Secure Readers (a) Belle M. Brain …………..•…•….• 753 Livingstone Centenary ……………….. . 215 – Lessons from the Life of (a) William J. Hutchins …..•… _….•…….•…… 167 – Memorial Station ………….•..•…… 620 Livingstone's Achievements, Some of ……. . 555 – "Faithful Nasik Bovs" …………….. . 954 Livingstonia Mission, Marvelous ……….. . 74 – $25.000 for ………………………. . 463 – Bearers Still Living, One of …………. . 711 Lord's Prayer as a Missionary Document (b) Joseph Henry Odell ……………. .. 611 "Los Von Rom'" Movement in Austria … 0 •• 66 Luebo, Day at …. _………………….. . 709 Medieval Worship and Christian Missions .• 957

! FAG!: PAGB Macedonian Problem and Missions (a) John Mormonism To·day and Its Remedy (a) John -Henry House ……………………. 265 D. Nutting …………………… 247, 355 Madagascar, French Opposition to the Gospel Mormons, Mission Workers Wanted Among.. 256 in ……………………………… 464 Morocco, Division of …………………. 72 – New Regime in (a) Robert Kerr…..••.•• 407 – Latest from .•••………••…….•…… 711 -Work in …………………………. 163 – Martyr's Memorial in ………………. 636 MOSLEM Activity in Africa ………… 634 – New Clerical Law in ………………. 803 – Appeal Against Christianity •.•….•….• 302 – Religious Liberty for •••••.•..••…….. 6 Malaysia, Progress in …………………. 1 – Children, Can of (a) J. C. Hartzell and Manchu Woman •..•..•.•….•..•……… 473 Manchuria, Outlook in ..•……………. 81 S. M. Zwemer …………………… 769 – Practical Sign of Christianity ………… 308 – Christian Endeavor Society …•………. 301 Marathi Mission Centenary ……………. 549 – College Girls . _.. .. .. • .. .. . . .. . . .. .. … 547 Mauritius, Moslems in ………………… 97 – Convert, Faithful ……… ;…………. 554 – Lands, Foes Meet and Mingle in Mission Marcus, the Leper (b) Mrs. Landon R. Ma· son ••••.••…..•.•.•.•…………•.•• 376 Scbools in …••••••………………• 547 – Shereef, Remarkable Reminiscences of a Martyn, Henry, Centenary in Tokat …•.•… 302 McAn Mission, France, New Center for….. 65 Converted (b) Arthur T. Upson …….. 730 Mecca-Constantinople-Cairo (a) S. W. Zwe- – Students Becoming Protestants …•.•…. 149 – Unrest in Indian ………………….. 162 mer …………………………….. 7 – Women to Christian Queens ………… 621 – Moslem University at …….. _………. 783 – Workers Active in the Sudan …..•….. 633 Medical Missions, Cause of ••….•…•….. 716 – World, Around the Horizon of the (a) – Missions Pay? Do ………………… 146 Medieval Worshin and Christian Missions … 957 Samuel M. Zwemer …………….. 95 – World, Three Strategic Centers of the (a) Memphis Home Mission Convention ••••.•.. 166 Men and Missions, Seven-fold Results of …. 152 S. M. Zwemer ………….. :…….. 7 Menelik, Death of, Reported •..•.••.••••••• 310 Moslems, Advertising for Interviews with .••• 394 Methodism in Austria …………………. 546 – Baptisms of ……•.••.•…•…•…•…• 873 – in France ………………………… 389 – Comparative Religion for (b) S. M.

Methodist Budget ……………………. 62 Zwemer ………………………… 727 – Ingatherings, Notable ………………. 949 – Gosrel for …… :………………….. 781 – Men in Conference ………………… 941 – Hal the PopulatIon ………………•• 795 – Mission Work in North Africa………. 72 – in Burma, Conversion of ……………. 550 – Missions, Ten Years' Growth in Southern. 600 – Interest in Missions to …………….. 219 Methodists Work in Southern Asia ……••• 147 – Missionary to Chinese ……… ,……… 75 Metho~.sl Department of ……………..•• 698 – Persona] Work among ……………… 721 – for workers at Home, Missionary Ca) Belle Motive, Missionary …………………… 70 Motor Cars, Gospel ………….•…•….. 790 M. Brain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 843, 910 Mott and Eddy Among the Students of China MEXICO, Evil Conditions in ………….. 715 Cb) ……………………………. 525 – Missionaries Return to ……………… 64 – and Eddy in Bombay ………………. 145 -John R., in China …………………. 481 – Missions in ………………………. 466 – Conferences in Japan …………. … …. 566 – – – ~efu~es Ambassadorship ………… 389 – Political and Missionary Interests in …… 324 – – – In Smgapore …………….•…•• 381 – Politics and Patriotism ……………… 721 – – – in Soutb China ……………….. 402 – Statistics of …•.•………•••………. 721 – – – i n the Far East ………………. 364 – Unrest in Unhappy ………………… 166 Mt. Lebanon, Sanitarium on …………. 948 – What Protestantism has done for .•.••.•• 864 Mott's India Conference ………………• 226 Meyer, Rev. Louis (a) Mrs. T. C. Rounds .•. 671 – Visits to India ….••..•………….•.• 241 – – – Illness of ……………………. 540 Millionaires, Ch'ristian …………. "-. . . . . .. 629 Mottoes, Some Missionary …………….. 684 Missionaries Go, Why ………………… 215 Music and Song-Please Go Shares …••..• 917 – Philanthropist (a) Stanley White …….. 895 Natal Missionary Waste in …………….• 875 – Have Done, What …••.•.•..••.•..•…. 957 National Bible Institute ………………• 460 – Making Long·Lived ………………… 866 – Reform Bureau's Plans …………….. 220 – Part Played by ………………….•• 708 Nations, Melting Pot of the (a) Edward A. Missionary Committee Do? What can the … 216 – Exhibits and Demonstrations. Harry Wade Steiner ……… . . . . . . . . .. . .. . . . . . . … 187 Navy, Y.M.C.A. Secretaries for Army and.. 862 Hicks ………………………….. 843 Needy, Decade of Work for the ………… 597 – Methods for Workers at Home (a) Belle N eg-ro Church Statistics ………………. 465 M. Brain •..•.•………………….• 753 =- Emancipation Celebrated ……………. 314 – Review Council ……………………• 698 – Silent Influenc-e of the Cb) Geo. F. Herrick .. 119 – Has Done Well ………………….• 153 -Tree •..•.••………………………. 863 – Work, Value of •……………….•… 216 ~'M'~~~olbo:u?~~t:~..~t…t~~. : : : : : : : : : : : :: :~~ Missions a Debt, or a Charity-Which? R. –Notes of ……………………….. 314 H. Glover ………………………. 585 – Progress in Fifty years …………….. 943 Micronesia, Christian Endeavor in ………. 74 – Self·Help Creed for the _…………… 465 – Results in ………………………… 541 N egros, Unique Colportage Work in ……… 233 – Guinea, Darkness in ……………….. 7S Mohammedan Educational Conference in India 227 – Views of Statistics …………………. 781 – – Once Cannibals, hut now Christians in. 232 – Woman, Heart of the (b) Mrs. Benjamin New Features for 1914 ………………. 940 New Hebrides to Date …………………. 632 W. Labaree ……………………… 578 – Guinea, German MissIon in ……….•.. _ 956 Mohammedanism and Christianity, The Balkan New York City, Bible Distribution in ……• 713 – – Home for- 'Nomen Workers In …….. 220 War (a) James L. Barton …………. 87 – – Most Remarkable Convert in Water – Chinese (b) W. B. Pettus ……………. 103 Street Ca) Philip I. Roberts ………… 181 Mohammedans and the Gospel, North Africa. 309 – Conversion of (b) Charles R. Watson …• 345 New Zealand Missionary Association . . . . . . . . 711 – jn Latin America …………………. 64 News Bureau, Scope of a Missionary . . . . . . . 943 Nigeria, Good News from …………….. 310 – Literature for ……………………… 150 NiJrerian Missions, Fruits of ……………. 634 – More Missionaries to ………………. 231 Nile Mission Press …….•……………. 633 Mohonk Student Conference ………….. 483 –.,..-Dr. Zwemer on the …………….. 154 – Conference ……………………….. 942 Nosuland, Independent Ca) S. Pollard …… 741 Monastir. Center of Interest …. _……… .. 868 Nyassaland, Great Gathering of Christian Mon,R"olia. Dispute about ………………. 82 Nations …………… _. . . . . . . . . . . . . .• 312 Moody Bible Institute to be Enlarged…… 62 Mormon Invasion of Canada …………•.. 1S2 Opium and Farming in India …•.•…….• 884 – Prophet Exposed ………………….. 391 =Cu~se~ig~1n .::::::::::::::'.: :'.: •.•. :::::::: ~~~ Mormonism, Dangers of ………………. 717 – Facts on. Mrs. J. Paddock and Miss E. – Curse of China Withdrawn ………….• 617 – China's Fierce War on …………….. 383 Vermilye ………………………… 855 Oriental Women, Literature for ….••.•… ; _ 703 -in a Nutshel! ……………. ; ……….. 863 -In Great Bntaln ………………….. 149 PAGE PAGE Orientals, Cooperative Work in America, for. 485 Putuz.nayo Indians, Missionaries to the…… 64 – M.sslOn ……………………. .- . • … 865 _ in America, Christian Work for Ca) Geo. – – Question (b) J. L. Jarrett ……….. 201 W. Hinman …………•……..•••..• 501 -The Devil's Paradise. Ernest D. Pierson. 458 Orthodoxy Among Missionaries •.•…•.•••• 859 ~ueenJ Praying …………… '.' …. …… 710 Ottoman Educational Conference .••.••••••• 244 uestions, Twenty Leading …•…•.•….•.. 726 easons for Missions …………………. 377 8~t1;~ft~/~~~e'W~;ld: Ch;i~ti~;'; .(bj .w: .iI: 706 Reform, Evangelism as a Means to ..•.•••• 435 Carpenter ……………….•…..••.. 52 Religion and Religious Growth in the United Ovambo Land, Difficulties in ………….. 232 States Ca) H. K. Carroll •….•…•…. 257 Pak, ~orean Colporteur ……………….. 7~~ _PalReasiblnwe~y Among Jews In Robert Coilege ………………………. 468 from Port Said ……………. . 783 Roman Catholic Church in China •••••.•.••. 702 to Jaffa …..•••• – Catholicism Working ………………. 233 Pamphlets •••••……… 240, 319, 400, ~60, 640 Rome in Germany, Exodus from ……….. 620 PPaa~nuaam, aAnAsnwoetrhsertoSiPdreayo:efr Li,fe in …… .~….•…•.•. 864 -to be Reformed? Is……… ………… 66 in . … . 542 – Work in Africa …………………… 462 _ Former Cannibals BUild a Church m ….. 956 Rome's Meager Gifts to Missions ………… 958 Papuans Giving to Missions…………….. 712 Rumania's Treatment of the Jews ………. 794 RUSSIA. Bible in …………………… 717 Parable of the Seed Corn Cb) ………….. 196 – Child-Drunkards in ………………… 717 Paraguay, Leprosy in ….. : …………… 630 _ Difficulties of Baptists in •.•..•…….•.. 405 Paris, For the Unprotected In………….. 224 – Greek Orthodox Church in Ca) Nevin O. Winter ………………………….. 760 Paul's Missionary Principles II. ……….. 60 – Intolerant ………………………… 325 Peace Balkan War and Ca) George F. – Islam in ………………………… 98 Herrick. ………………………… 421 -Jews in …. , ………………………. 546 _ on Earth …………………………. 617 – PersecutlOn m …………………….. 150 – Religious Freedom in ………………. 867 Peking, Europea.n Vice in ……………… 871 – Settlement Work Impossible in ………. 66 _ Prayer Meetmg; …………………… 551 – Under the Czar in …………………. 224 Russian Influence in Persia and Missions. _ Union Church m ………… : ……. : .. 471 _ Union Medical College: Its F.rst Fru.ts. 472 S. G. Wilson ……………………. 57 – Orthodox Church in China •…..••…..• 143 PERSIA and Missions, Russian Influence in. 57 – Serfdom, End of ………………….. 389 Russians Against Baptists ….•…..•…••.• 803 _ C~~isG·inW.i~s.o.~. ::: : ::: :: : :: ::: :::::: :::: 86 Sabbath Neglect in Germany ………….. 867 _ Girls' School in ………………….. 387 – ·school Missions, Presbyterian .•…….•• 315 _ Gospel and Its Opponents in Ca) F. G. Salvation Army ……………………… 65 – – G<;n,ral Booth's Latest Scheme ……. 865 Coan …••..•……..•.••.•.•…•.••.• 487 – – M,sSlOns ………………………. 619 _ Population of …………………….. 547 – – New Hotel for the ………………. 465 _ Recent Changes in …………………. 323 – – Praise for the ………………….. 784 _ Urgent Need in ………•.••..•••…•.• 386 – – Work in India ………………….. 297 _ Values Mission Schools ••…….•….••• 708 Santo Domingo, Archbishop President of. .• 222 _ Work for Lepers in ………………… 869 Scotland, Church Union in ••…••••••••••• 645 Persian Convert, Hardships of a………… 869 Seed Corn, Parable of the (b)…………. 196 _ Doctor,.Baptism for ……………….. 783 Severance, Louis H., Life and Work of Ca) -Girls, Hope for ……….. : ………… 162 Peru, Progress of the Gospel In •…….•• 64 Stanley White …………………… 895 Philippines, Advance in the .•.•..••.••.••.• 484 Sheldon, Dr. Martha A., of North India, _ Ag.tation in the ……..• • • • • . . . • • . • • .• 802 Glimpse of the Character and Work of _ Church Co()pera.ti.on in the .: … : …….. 313 Cb) Lilly Ryder Grace'y …………..• 273 _ Economic CondItIons ImprOVIng In the … 232 Shinto ……………•…..••…………. 647 _ Presbyterians in the ……………….. 542 Siam and Laos, Progress in …………… 707 _ Slavery in the ……………………. 876 – First Leper Asylum in ……………… 147 – Found Christ, How a Governor in. H. A. – Typhoon in the •..•••••…•….•••.•••• 154 Johnson ………………………… 937 _ Y.M.C.A. in the …….•…•………••. 74 Sierra Leone, Gospel Progress in …•.•…• 954 Silent Influence of the Missionary Cb) George Philippopolis and Philippi ……………..• 217 F. Herrick ……………………… 119 Pierson Bible School in Prospect……….. 71 _ Life of Arthur T. Reviewed Cb) Robert Singapore, John R. Mott in ……………381 Slave to Schoolmaster, From ………….. 710 E. Speer …………………….•••• 204 Slavery and European Governments …….. 246 Please Go Shares-Music and Soog ..•..••.• 917 Poem-For Ali Thy Missionary Saints, Eliz- – in the Philippines ………………….. 876 Social Legi.lation in India…………….. 548 abeth S. Baird ••..••.••.••..•…..•… 820 – Service, Presbyterian Bureau of ……… 597 – He Is Counting on you ……………… 192 – Reformers in the Non·Christian World, _ "Now, Concerning the Collection" ……. 217 Pokomoland Africa Difficulties in …… '. .. 796 Need for (a) George W. Hollister …… 601 Pomaks Bec{oming Christians …………… 322 Society in Great Straits, Wesleyan………. 223 Solomon Isles, The Gospel in the Cb) North· Porto Rican Progress ………………… 63 Porto Rico, Federation in……………… 792 cote Deck ………………………. 518 _ – Missions in …………….. . . . . . . .. 222 Sorabji School in India ………………. 706 South Africa, Moslems in …………….. 97 – – Rest Home in ………………….. 222 – African Students at Work ………….. 464 Portugal Open to the Gospel…………… 150 SOUTH AMERICA, Among the Women in – Opportunities in …………………… 406 CaJ Florence Smith ………….. ; …. 511 Power, Question of ………•…•……… 460 – – Continent of Dead Souls …………. 792 Pray lor World·wide Power …………… 939 – – Opportunity in (b) Charles Inwood … 851 – – Remarka.b1e Advertisement in ……… 630 Prayer in Papua, Answers to ………….. 542 – – Why Send Missionaries to (a) E. R. – Scriptural Missionary ………………. 380 Presbyterian Bureau of Social Service…… 597 Hendrix ………………… " …… 442 – Plans for China …………………..• 70 – – News from the …………………. 713 _ Reinforcements ………….. • . .. .. . • … 629 Southern Lavrnen, Convention of ……….. 390 _ Sabbath-school Missions …………….• 315 South Seas, Century in the…………….. 886 Presbyterians in the' Philippines •……..•.. 542 Spain, Figueras Evangelistic Mission …….. 388 – How a Church Began in ……………. 868 Press Bureau, Mission ……………….. 619 – Liberal Laws in ………….. , .. ,….. 486 Princeton, "The Ideal Student" at………. 628 – Outlook in ……………………….. 610 Problem, The Real Heart of the Missionary – Pre-sent Protestantism in. James I. Good. 60R – Religious Toleration in .•…………• 65, 325 (a) R. H. Glover ……………….. ; 678 Statistical Table 1913, Mission to ther Jews .. 891 Prodigal Son, African's Story of the (b) …. 696 Statistics-Missionary Figures for 1912…… 2 Progress in 1912 ..•…….•……….•..• 1 Prosperity-Its Use and Abuse ………….. 780 – – Work in Alaska ………………… 220 Protestant Episcopal Cooperation …….•••• 881 Punjab, Reform in the ……………….. 884 Putumayo Atrocities, Ending ..•……….. 630 _ Indians, Bolivian Missions and (b) Percy Cross Standing .•..••••…..•…….•• 197 PAGE PAGE Statistics-Mohammedan Views of ……….. 781 Turks and Christians Fraternizing ….•..•.. 302 – of Communicants in the United States …. 259 – of Japan, Religious ……………….. 699 – Attitude of the …………………… 387 _ of Mexico …………….. , ……….. 721 – Facing Eastward ………… ,…….. 226 – of the Chinese Church ……………… 69 _ – – Growth in Communicants in United – Returning Home from Asia …………. 301 Tuskegee, Good Work of •..•.••…..••.•.•• 465 States .•.•…•……………………. 261 __ – Protestant Foreign lVlissionary Soci- – Continued Growth in ………………. 311 eties of the World for 1912 ….•….•• 1 -King Daudi of, in England …………..• 636 – Success Proved by …………………. 152 – Wonderful People …………………• 462 .Stefansson, Mr. . •…………………… 466 Stelzle's New Field ………………….• 714 Uganda, Choosing a New Name in …….••• 952 Studd, C. T., Goes to Africa .. , .. , …….. 231 Union Church in Pekin ………………• 471 Student Christian Movement ………….. 863 – In Canada, Progress toward ………••• 6 _ Conversion in China ……… _. . . . . . . . .. 804 – Medical Colle~e, Pekmg: Its Firstfruits .• 472 _ E'Vangcli~m World-wide •…•.•…•.••.•• 561 – Traimng of Htndu GirlS …………….. 381 -Movement'in India, Women Students and United MissIOnary Campaign …………..• 714 the ••••..•.•.•…………………… 549 UNITED STATES, Hungarian Protestants – – Work Among Boys …… ,……….. 562 – Pledge to a Goaly Life …. ,………… 543 in Hungary C!.nd in the United States. __ Volunteers, Chinese ……………….. 304 Alex. HarSaII1Jl ………………….• 595 Students and Missions …………. – ……. 607 – – Negro Population of …………….. 466 =_ Missionary Opportunity for (a) George E. Unity in America, Outlook for…………. 61 Hollister •……………………….. 601 W!~~iz'eO;f~~~;~e '~i 'Ch~;;t;~~':::::::::: :~~ – Movement towardJ in Great Britain …… 388 Universities Mission in Africa …………. 555 Value of Missionary Work …………….• 216 – Opposition in ……………………… 153 Venezuela, Archbishop's Alarm in……..••• 945 Vice, Atlanta's Campaign against ………. 629 Volunteer, Ideal Missionary (William Whit- ing Borden) (a) Charles R. Erdman …. 567 Studies, Board of Mission •…. , … '.. . • . . .• 152 – Movement for Home Missions in America. 485 Successors in Service …………………. 780 "Waste Paper Saving" Scheme …………• 716 Sudan, Moslem Workers Active in the. . . . . .. 633 Water Street, New YOTk, Most Remarkable .

– Pioneer Mission •………………….. 462 Convert in (a) Philip 1. Roberts …….. 181 – – – German ……………………… 231 Wesleyan Society in Great Straits ………. 223 – Slave Traffic •.•••••…•…………… 62 Sumatra, Christianity vs. Islam in (a) Ernest D. Pierson •..•…………….. , ….. 369 White Children, Song of the •.•…….•… 917 Widow's Mite …..•.•……………….. 586 – Half a Century in ….•……………. 4 Williams, Bishop Channing M., of Japan (a) – Progress in ………………………. 631 W. E. Griffis .••….•…………….. 653 Sun Yat Sen and the Awakening of China (b) Pierson Curtis ……………….. 115 Woman, Heart of the 'Mohammedan (b) Mrs.

Summer Conferences …………………. 392 Benjamin W. Labaree •…………..• 578 Sunday's Campaign, Results a Year and a – in China, New •••…••••………….•.• 703 Half After (b) G. R. yaple …..,••.••… 438 – Question in India …•……………… 300 _ Campaigns in Columbus and Ene, Some – Suffrage in China •…………………. 305 Results of ……•……. , …………. 435 Woman's Work, One Japanese ………….• 307 Sunday·school CommissIOn tn Korea ……… 701 Women, Chinese Magazines for………… 786 – in India, Christian Work for …. , ……. 145 –Progress, Woria's .' …………….. 723 __ Missions in the …………………. 957 – in South America, Among the (a) Florence Supernatural-From Benath …… ,…….. 500 Smith ………………. '" ………. 511 Superstition, Defeat of ………………. 947 – New Ideas of India's ……………… 146 Swanwick, 1nspiring Gurs at ……………. 8~S – One of China's New ………………. 228 Syria, Hopeful Outlook in …….. , …….. 164 – Students and the Student Movements in _ Remarkable Assembly ………………• 301 India …………………………… 549 _ Turks and Christians Fraternizing in ….. 302 Women's Convention in China …………. 625 – Education in Egypt ……………….. 632 Syrian Church, New Life in the Ancient. … 566 – Summer Schools of Missions…………. 646 Taoist Council, China ………………… 474 – Work in Japan ……………………. 552 Telugu Missions, Successful …….•…. 227, 471 Word of God, Spreading the……………. 717 Temperance for Children in China …•…… 625 Wurld Challenges ……………………. 61 – in Europe, Outlook for …………….. 866 – Christian Citizenship ………………• 645 – Laws in France …•……………….• 946 – Christian Outlook on the (b) W, B. Car· Temple of Heaven, Preaching Christ in the .. 383 penter ………………………….• 52 Testimony of a Japanese Statesman……… 307 – Conference of Christian Students …….. 483 TThhienrkmionmg eBtelr~ckA Missionary •……..•..•… 29 – Missionary. Conference, Next ………… 388 (b) W. J. Hutchins …….. 521 – Opportunlbes … . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Tibet, Challenge to Occupy •…………… 870 – Student Christian Movement to Date…. 628 Tibetan Tongue, Bible in the………….. 69 – Tragedies … • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. '61 Tibetans in En~land ……. : …… ,…….. 546 World's Christian Citizenship Conference …. 392 Tokyo, Institutional Church In ..••..•.••.•• 552 – Student Christian Federation …….. ; … 391 – Y. M. C. A. for ………….•………. 626 – Sunday·school Convention …………… 716 Toro Princess Testimony .. ~ ~ ………….. 635 Yuan Shih Kai and the Y. M. C. A …….. 243 Tract Did, What One ……•….••.••.••.•• 298 = J,;':ik'o';g' ::::::::::::::::::::::::::: Y. M. C. A. as a World Force………….. 793 Training of Missionaries ..•…………… 388 – ConveI!tion in China ………………. 229 Translating Denominationalism ……•…..• 942 f~r 1~~ Turk, American Savages and the………. 469 _ Further Light as to the…… . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 – in the Philippines ………………•..• 74 -Twice·Born (a) ArthurT. Upson .. 730,821,926 – Membership Basis of the …………….• 628 TURKEY Gospel with a Stereopticon in (a) — Secretaries for Anfiy- and Navy ……•..• 862 Henry H. Riggs ………………… 815 -. Work for Immigrants ……………… 789 _ Imperiled Christians of …•…………. 387 – Yuan Shih Kai and the ……………. 243 – Islam in ………••……………….. 98 _ Missions and Higher Education in ……. 868 – in Yunnanfu, Organizing a ……..•.•.. 473 -New Christian College tn…………. 707,782 – Work, World's …………………… 545 _ Ottoman Educational Conference ……… 244 Y. W. C. A. Headquarters, InternationaL… 62 _ Outlook in ……………………….. 3 YounK Women Wanted for Foreign Work … 806 _ Present Outlook in , ………………. 321 Zeal Not Enough, Missionary ………..•.. 470 Zionist Congress ……….•……….. 867, 947 – Races in …………………………. 148 _ Through Defeat to ~etter Things …….. 468 Zulus Turning to Christ …….•……•…. 245 =_ Up-rising Among Onental Women…….. 67 Zwerner at Jiddah, Arabia, Dr. ……..••..• 469 ~;feM'%~[~n~~e~' A;~ 'D~i~g' 'f~~:::::::: ~g~ – Dr., on "The Nile Mission Press·' …•…• 154 Zwemer's Illness, Dr. . •……..•…..•…• 554 Turkish Youth Seeking EducatIOn •..•••…• 782 – Visit to Belbeis .•….•…………….• 461 – Work in Egypt ……………………. 308

The Missionary Review of the World — December 1913

J'Ji II } } ~ L. ); J

Clues to the Contents SOME QUESTIONS ANSWERED IN THIS NUMBER PREPARED BY MRS. F. M. GILBERT I. What favor did the heathen governor ask the missionary to do for him when the missionary reached Heaven?

2. How did a country church in two years increase its contributions for current expenses 400 per cent. and for missions 4,000 per cent.?

3. 'vVhat creed did a heathen governor make for himself from studying the Bible alone?

4. What important plan that is being widely adopted is described as System in place of Spasm?

5. Why did a Moslem teacher, under false arrest, refuse to accept the consul's plan for rescue?

6. 'vVhat kind of a Christmas entertainment did the small boy say was "a lot better than candy" ?

7. What was in the letter taken from the drunken soldier's pocket?

8. Why did the Indian rajah refuse to use his foreign machinery?

9. "The Church of the Kicking Overseers" is the Chinese name for which of the Christian denominations?

10. What was the reason for holding the Christmas entertainment in July? I I. Why did the convert in Uganda decide to take the name of Jonah? 12. What recent ccnverts from heathenism are now sending out their own foreign missionary?

13. What two foreign things do the Chinese say have been forced h. upon them?

14. In what country do the Protestants number one-fourth of the population and produce more than two-thirds of the revenue?

IS. Where are people coming 50 miles on foot to ask for a pastor?

16. Where are empty school buildings waiting for missionary schools to be opened in them-rent free?

17. Where in United States is the American flag flying where it has never flown before? 18. 'When three business men of South America lost their positions because they became Christians what was their next invest- ment? 19. How have the Austrian authorities. tried to check Polish immigration to America?

20. 'vvVVhat happened when the Young Vomen's Band "got tired of missions" ?

H. SEVERANCE-MISSIONARY PHILANTHROPIST

Missionary

@ of the World ~ Vol. XXXVI, No. 12 DECEMBER, 1913 Vol. XXVI, No. 12 Old Series New Series Signs of the Times PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL cooP· fort to arouse, organize and direct the ERATION missionary spirit and activity of Chris- tian people, to the end that the peo- AT the General Convention of the ple of this Church may be enabled to discharge their duties to support the Protestant Episcopal Church, mission of the Church at home and held in New York in October, some abroad, through prayer, work and givimportant decisions were reached- ing; provided that the expenses innegative and positive. There was no curred in such cooperative educational definite action taken toward changing efforts shall not be a charge upon the the name to "The American Church" funds raised through the apportionor "the Church of America" and the ment." motion to change the wording of the prayer for the conversion of "Jews, The Church Board of Missions felt Turks, infidels and heretics," was it necessary to withdraw from official lost. Perhaps the most important connection with the United Missionaction taken from a missionary view- ary campaign now in progress, bepoint-tho not so radical as was cause this sanction had not before hoped-was the permission of this, been given; in all the mission fields the highest court of the church, to the Church of England and the Prothe Board of Missions to cooperate testant Episcopal Church of America with other denominations in efforts have been the only important branch to stimulate churches at home and of Protestant Christianity that has to establish the Kingdom of Christ refused to join in union movements in all lands. The resolution was as for the purpose of more effective and follows: economical missionary service. It is hoped and expected that this action "That the Board of Missions is in- of the General Convention will reformed that, in the judgment of the move an obstacle to Christian union General Convention, it has full au- and progress. thority to take such steps as it may deem wise to cooperate with other The House of Deputies, in harmony Christian Boards of Missions in this with this spirit, also voted to coopercountry and elsewhere, in united ef- The editors seek to preserve accuracy and to manifest the spirit of Otrist in the pages of this REVIEW, but do not acknowledge responsibility for opinions exprest, nor for positions taken by con· trihutors of signed articles in these pages.-ED,TORS. ate with the Federal Council of unity throughout the world, and Churches of Christ in America, but showed the actual cooperation thus far the House of Bishops rejected the re- obtained by the Commission both in solution. On this point The Church- this country and in Europe. man remarks: "This action of the House of Bishops will be a grievous The Commission asked for the condisappointment to that large number tinuance of its existence, so that it of churchmen who, with all allegiance may represent the Church at all times to the Church, and with all regard for in the event that overtures for reunion the Church's historic traditions, yet are received by the Episcopal Church. have had reason to deplore her aloofness, and, in some instances, her lack Furthermore, this General Convenof charity, toward other Christian tion registered a long step toward the bodies. The rejection of the resolu- recognition of social service as an estion must inevitably prove a serious sential phase of the Church's relation embarassment to our Commission on to the world. The Joint Committee on Faith and Order. . . . Is it our Social Service held meetings for a ecclesiastical pride and arrogance week, which included conferences on which prompts us to withhold from such subj ects as "The Church and Inour brethren of the Protestant dustry," "The Church and the Rural Churches any official recognition of Problem," "Cooperation with Secular their existence? If so, our efforts in Agencies," and "Education for Social behalf of unity had best be confined, Service." During the past three years for the time being, to our own consti- the number of diocesan social service tuency." commissions has increased from twenty to seventy-five, and a growing A resolution was, however, adopted number of parishes throughout the country have begun to relate themby the Conference commending the selves in some systematic manner to work being done by the Federal community welfare. Council of Churches, and recommending to the Commission on Social Ser- CIVILIZED NATIONS OBSTRUCTING vice and the Commission on Christian Unity to send representatives to P CIVILIZATION IN CHINA its meetings. RESIDENT YUAN'S expUlsion of 300 members of the Chinese Speakers both in the House of Parliament because they obstructed Bishops and in the House of Deputies his policies, was not only a personal struck again and again the note of a move against the followers of Dr. Sun wider outlook, of a broader concep- Yat Sen. The revolution and the distion of the mission of the Church to solution of parliament is a war of the world. The report of the Com- principles, writes Rev. Hugh W. mission appointed three years before White, of the Presbyterian Mission to bring about a world-wide Chris- in Yencheng, Kiangsi. Yuan Shih tian conference "on questions touch- Kai is the leader of the party favoring faith and order" was one of the ing a centralized government, possimost significant features of the pro- bly even a new monarchy and a gram. It outlined the present-day return of the Manchus. The other movements tending toward Christian party, headed by Sun Yat Sen, is thoroughly republican in theory and

OF THE

in practise. Dr. Sun has not the all replaced with new idols and the personal ambition of President Yuan temples were repaired. The five 'civand against the advice of Chinese ilized' powers have forced China to colleagues and foreign advisers, he revert to heathenism." gave up his authority to throw his strength on the side of Yuan. But God is working and we believe Now Yuan, by his monarchical ten- that the tide of events will be fordencies, and by connivance in the warded. In other lands it has taken assassination of a prominent Repub- a hundred years or more to establish lican and by dismissing 300 deputies liberty, and reactionary movements and declaring martial law in Peking can not permanently hinder free govhas shown his purpose to maintain ernment and free religion. In God's dictatorial power. own time righteousness and liberty will prevail. In the meantime the peo- The platform of the Ku Ming-tang, ple must be educated to know God or people's party, stands for Independ- and to know how to govern themselves ence, Republicanism, Civilization, and their land according to His laws. while that of Yuan's party is for centralized power and military rule. OPIUM AND RELIGION IN CHINA "The Republicans have thus far EVERY evil overcome is a new failed," says Mr. White, "for the 'five cause for thanksgiving. The powers' have enabled Yuan to main- baneful effects of opium on progress tain control of the infant Republic. toward Christianity in China was Yuan promised his right-hand man, indicated in an address by General Chang Hsun, that if he captured Nan- Chang, president of the National king there would be no roll-call for Opium Prohibition Union of China, ten days, allowing them to work their at the annual meeting of the Soown will on the helpless non-combat- ciety of Friends in London. General ants. With fiendish cruelty they Chang spoke with touching directrobbed, raped, ravaged. Yuan re- ness and simplicity on this burning warded this Chang with high honors. question, saying in conclusion: "As Civilization has had a set-back. The to the harm caused by opium to educated, traveled men are being put Christianity in China, I will not reout of office everywhere, and the1r frain from telling you the truth places supplied by pig-tailed heathen about our fellow countrymen. They of the old school. While Dr. Sun was call the opium 'Foreign Opium' and president, there were given strong Christianity 'Foreign Religion.' They guarantees of freedom of conscience, regard the 'Foreign Opium' in the and preference to no sect. Now a same way as the 'Foreign Religion.''' strong effort is being made to estab- Of course, the opium was forced lish Confucianism as the state reli- upon China by a foreign country gion, and thus discountenance Christi- and the religion was also forced anity. Under the genuine republicans upon us by a foreign country. As in many cities the idols were removed. long as the 'Foreign Opium' is· al- In Nanking and in Hsuchoufu they lowed to be in China, the 'Foreign were taken out of all the temples. But Religion' is unwelcome to the people. when Yuan came into power they were Let the 'Foreign Opium' be banished

at once, then the 'Foreign Religion' a cessation of the importation of the will be gladly welcomed." The ac- drug from India, the Indian Empire tion taken at the recent Internation- itself seems to be increasing in the al Conference on Opium, held at The use of the poison. In ten years the Hague in July, was also encourag- amount of opium consumed in India ing. has increased 181,439 pounds. While the population in British India lU- Twenty-four governments sent del- creased only 5~ro, the opium 111egates, mostly their ambassadors. All of these delegates signed the treaty creased over 200/0. then drawn up, and the signatures of nine other governments have since The British government has, howbeen obtained. There are still twelve ever, entered into an agreement to governments which were invited to lessen the production of opium in Insign the treaty which have either dia, writes Mr. Stanley A. Hunter, so refused to do so, or have failed to that in a few more years not an acre respond to the invitation. The will be under poppy cultivation. Some of the Indian princes are at a loss as ot treaty deals with the exportation to what should be done with their farm lands. As a result there has been raw and prepared opium, with the an increased interest in scientific agrimanufacture of prepared opium and culture, Professor Samuel Higgininternal traffic in it, and with the bottom of the Arthur Ewing Christian question of the restraint and control College'S department of agriculture, of the sale and use of opium in has found the people enthusiastic'. He foreign concessions in China. This found that one of the rajahs had mais an official recognition of the fact chinery which had not been used since that the opium evil is world-wide, its purchase four years before because and calls for international suppres- he thought the oxen could not pull sion, but the signing of the treaty the plow. Professor Higginbottom does not mean the end of the curse. surprized them by hitching four oxen In the first place, the treaty has yet and plowing the garden, in the presto be ratified, and this Great Britain ence of the rajah and his ministers. and Germany refuse to do until several of the twelve remaining gov- "The Allahabad Pioneer," the best ernments have signed. After rati- known daily paper in India, devoted fication must come diplomatic agree- two columns recently to a description ment as to a date for the enforce- of Mr. Higginbottom's new enterprise, ment of the treaty. Public senti- and Brahman students of the college ment will be the most important have begun to work with their own factor in making this treaty effec- hands-a new thing in India. tive, and to rouse this sentiment the forces of pulpit, platform and press A REFORM IN THE PUNJAB must combine. MOVEMENT for religious and social reform is reported among WOPIUM AND FARMING IN INDIA the Sikhs of the Punjab. Idols have RILE China is endeavoring to been removed from the Golden Tem- stamp out opium and Great ple at Amritsar, and polytheistic rites Britain has finally consented to permit have been banished from daily life.

OF THE TIMES

The new party of reform among the what they had seen in their service Sikhs is called Singh Sabha, or the So- abroad. Just here the question sug- ciety of the Lions. Their motto is gests itself, whether the attitude of "back to the warrior prophet of the the American Government represen- Sikhs-Guru Gobind Singh." tatives in foreign lands toward Amer- The new Sikhs, who are a vigorous ican missionary work should not be military people, are steadily moving made a matter of deeper concern on out of pantheism into theism. The re- the part of tlle Church. Native Chris- ligious reforms are accompanied by tians from Africa, India and China social reforms. A marriage bill passed were among the most effective speak- by the Punjab legislative council has ers at the Buxton Conference. Pro- freed marriage from the contamina- fessor Baju of India asserted with ting influence of popular Hinduism, emphasis that Christianity is not sim- and there is an advance in the mar- ply one among other great religions riageable age. A high school for girls of the world, and that Jesus Christ at Ferozepur promises much for the is not simply one of the world's great development of Sikh womanhood, and teachers, but that He is the expres~ many young men attend the flourish~ image of the Father. The keynote of ing Khalsa College. The Khalsa edu- the conference was struck by Mr.

cational conference gives direction to Kenneth McLellan, when he said, the educational movement. A large "We can influence two generations, Sikh orphanage at Gujranwala is an~ the generation that is, and the one other illustration of the awakening so- that is to be. And it is our privilege cial conscience of these people. to see that never again shall there be a generation oI men who do not be- THE LAYMEN'S CONFERENCE IN lieve in foreign missions."

ENGLAND THE OUTl.OOK IN ALBANIA FlVE years of the Laymen's Mis- THE Balkan War has completely sionary Movement in America changed the whole Albanian have given it a 1ecognized place with question. It is resulting in freeing recognized power in the missionary Albania from Turkish rule arid so campaign. Recently Great Britain from Mohammedan domination, and has taken up the plan and has held leading Albanians have spoken freely the first British Laymen's Missionary of their intentIOn to throw off Mo- Conference in Buxton, England. Cer- hammedanism. They claim that they tain features showed its distinctively were made Mohammedans only by British character-the telegram to King George, expressing the loyalty compulsion, and now that the comand good will of the assembled lay- pUlsion is remO, ed, they are free to men; the statement of Lord Laming- adopt any reiigion that in their judgton, "We certainly could not hold our ment is best suited to their needs. Empire together without the help of This religion, their leaders have Christian missions"; the striking tes- stated, they believe to be Protestant timony from officers of both Army Christianity. They have petitioned and Navy, who had been made en- the Powers to gIVe them a Protestant thusiastic for foreign missions by prince, and they are asking for Chris-

tian schools. :Mr. C. T. Erickson, Protestant, with its emphasis on missionary of the American Board, Christian education. says: "They say frankly they will not trust their boys and girls to other The significance of Christianized nations who would willingly give the Albania to the Christianization of the whole nation an educational system Mohammedans of Turkey can hardly free of charge, for political propa- be over stated. The Albanian is held ganda, of course. In half-a-dozen in high esteem by Moslems everycities the local officials showed me where and will find an access to the school-buildingl>, once occupied by confidence of the. Moslems of Turkey. Turkish schoois, in which Turkish He can command a hearing, far bewill never again be taught; and they yond that which any Armenian, or begged me to bl ing teachers and open Greek, or any member of an ancient these schools, promising us building~ Christian race can possibly expect. free of rent, and all the boys and girls the buildings would hold." A CENTURY IN THE SOUTH SEAS There is a pressing need, not only SOME of the most notable evifor schools, but for medical work and dences of the transforming powfor industrial development. Mr. and Mrs. P. B. Kennedy, who were ex- er of Christianity are found in the pelled by the, Greeks from Albania, islands of the sea. The early work have been given permission to return of the London Missionary Society in as soon as order is restored. the Society Islands was marked by enthusiasm, heroism, and patience. The Albanians are a people of fine The first missionaries were sent out qualities, naturally peace-loving, in 1796, and their ranks were soon quiet, industrious, morally clean, in- thinned by sickness, murder, and telligent, capable of a splendid cui- death. It was over four years beture, with a fine sense of honor and fore enough of the language had chivalry, lovers of home and children, been acquired to admit of preaching, loyal in friendship, full of sentiment, and even then another twelve years poetry, imagination, ready to follow elapsed before there was any sign new leadership into new life once of response to the message. On their confidence is won. July r6, 1813, thirty-one names were recorded in the first church roll of A strong holo has been obtained by the Pacific. the American mi~sionaries in the confidence and allection of the Alba- N ow, in regions where barbarism nians and the American Board feels reigned unconscious that it was barthat the present state of affairs there barism, where language was posiis a striking challenge to the Church tively without words to represent and has a special bearing upon the what are commonplace moralities Mohammedan question. The Moslem and amenities with us, may be found Albanians are particularly urgent in in every village a church, a school, asking for mission schools. Many and a native ordained pastor. of the leaders declare that the future Church in Albania can not be Greek The first century has been one of or Catholic or Moslem, but must be noble and effective pioneering; the second must be one of development and consolidation.

PRESENT CONDITION OF

A BIRD'S EYE VIEW OF THE JEWISH PEOPLE AND MISSIONARY EFFORT BY REV. S. B. ROHOLD, F.R.S.G.S., TORONTO, CANADA Superintendent of the Presbyterian Mission to the Jews ~. T HE year nineteen hun– Thus we are face to face with an dred and thirteen has extraordinary spectacular tragedy of given a new revelation 10,000 Jews fighting on differ- of the tragic condition ent sides-killing one another to save of the Jew. The trag- their "Fatherland ?" Has anything edy shows the para- like this ever been known?

doxicality of the Jewish people not Come a little closer and view the appalling situation. The energetic found in any other race. Here are Chief Rabbi of Salonica appeals to all to fight and save their "Fathera people, rich and poor, clever and land?" (Turkey), exhorting them to disregard even life itself and never stupid, wise and unwise, morally to surrender. Now Greece has be- come the mistress of Salonica. The high and morally degraded, learned very same Chief Rabbi tragically ap- peals to his people to become loyal and unlearned, religious and irre- Greeks, and consequently 80,000 Jews have in a day, without a murmur, ligious, reverent and free-thinking, ceased to be "Turks" and have be- come "Grecians!" easy going and energetic, Zionists But what about the heroic Chief and anti-Zioni!ts, at peace and at war Rabbi of Adrianople, who actually fought with the soldiers, and did all at the same time, in a conflict that in his power to resist the Bulgarians? When the victorious Bulgarian army is not their own. entered Adrianople he received them with open arms. Later, when in The Balkan War and the Jews their turn the Turkish soldiers re- take Adrianople, the Rabbi, at the At the opening of the Balkan war head of his people, receives them the Chief Rabbi of the Turkish Em- with manifestations of rejoicing! pire made an appeal to the patriotism Where can a parallel be found? of all the Jews within the Turkish Dominion, to give of their very best Israel's Religious Condition -yea, to lay down their lives-to save their "Fatherland?" So the The same unparalleled condition is Jewish people all over Turkey and true in relation to Israel's religiotlii Arabia sent their noblest sons, and condition. We may class them under did all that was in their power to three heads: save the Empire. At the same time the Chief Rabbi of Belgrade made (I) The Rabbinical Jew, still holds a powerful appeal to all the Jews of Servia to fight the terrible Turk, and save their "Fatherland?" Similar appeals were issued by the Rabbis of Greece, Bulgaria and Montenegro, and, loyally and enthusiastically, the people responded and went forth to the battle field.

tenaciously to the Law of Moses, tell us, "We believe that Jesus was and to the so-called "Oral Law," one of the greatest of prophets-a which is Rabbinism, pure and sim- great moral teacher-one of the ple. The Talmud, which contains noblest of God's creations, with the "Traditions of the Fathers," is Moses and Isaiah. We do not give of at least equal authority with the Him the attribute of deity, but of "Written Law of Moses." They are divinity, and there is a spark of of the same standard, in every sense divinity in us all."

of the word, as the ancient Pharisees. (e) Further, they declare that all Jesus is regarded as a false prophet, that is good and true in Christianity a blasphemer and deceiver; they is neither original nor new, and until abhor His Gospel, and the churches lately they have prophesied the over- are considered unclean places. They throw of Christianity.

stiIl hold fast to the promises of (3) The Radical Jew. Moses is God, and are looking for a complete to them a mere teacher, the prophets restoration, and the coming of a per- mere politicians, poets and orators.

sonal, conquering Messiah to reign They deny all revelation and positive over them. religion. In his official statement at (2) The Reformed Jew, has no the inauguration last year of the known creed. They follow neither Liberal Synagogue in London. Mr.

the Bible nor the Talmud, but selec- Claude G. Montefiore, its President, tions from the Old Testament and who is perhaps the most cultured the Talmud, which suit their rational- and earnest Jewish theologian, de- istic minds, and which they pro- clared: nounce compatible with modern "We have no creed, and we will thought and life. Their so-called re- have none. We have no narrowing forms are so many and varied that cut and dry series of dogmas, no their creed is practically a new articles 13 or 39. We do not say, Judaism. They assert: Believe this and that and you are a 'Unionist,' deny and you are not. (a) The world is not tainted with We stand for a fresh and changed sin and there is no devil. attitude toward authority, and es- pecially toward that particular type (b) There is no original sin, no fall of man, and, therefore, no need of authority, which is of central imof vicarious atonement. portance in Orthodox Judaism, the authority of the Book and the Code. (c) They entertain no hope of a We accept nothing which does not personal Messiah, but they expect seem to us good. The authority of the coming of a Messianic age, when the book, so far as it goes is its humanity will enjoy the reign of worth, and so far as that worth righteousness. reaches, so far reaches the authority. The book is not good because it is (d) Their position toward Jesus from God. It is from God so far and Christianity can not be easily as it is good. The book is not true summed up. In the face of modern because it is from God, it is from thought and education, they can not God so far as it is true."

turn a deaf ear to the tremendous_ Mr. Montefiore elaborates his sy~­ claims of Christ, or ignore the fact tern of theology and ethics, and of Christianity; so they graciously makes a very passionate appeal, con-

PRESENT CONDITION OF

eluding with this emphatic declara- This is, perhaps, the noblest eulogy tion: from one of the greatest Jewish the- "The traditional conception of ologians, but it does not actually Judaism, both in theory and practice reveal their true attitude; for it must is, we think, doomed. It mixes up so not be forgotten, that with all their much error with truth, so much ot "up-to-date" liberality and charity, the obsolete with the living, that the and though in many ways they professerroneous and the obsolete clog and edly accept certain Christian ethics, ruin the living and the true. The yet they are combatants more danivy is killing the tree." gerous to Christianity than either Reform or Orthodox Jews. Of their position toward Jesus and Christianity, it is still harder Renan influenced and taught modto give an adequate idea, for, con- ern Jews to assume a friendly attitrary to all expectations, we find the tude, and to claim Jesus as their same Mr. Montefiore in his book, greatest teacher, and His ethical "The Religious Teaching of Jesus," teaching as their own inheritance-a speaking about Jesus and comparing subtle attempt to destroy Christianity His teaching with that of the Rabbis by leveling it to the position of a and Prophets; he says: mere ethical religion like Judaism.

"Herein we may at once observe One of the claims of Radical Ju- daism is, that the Free Synagogue is that Jesus differs from, or as some established to save the young Jewry from the influence of the Christian would say, goes beyond, the prophets. missionary. The same Mr. Monte- fiore declared that, "'Liberal' Juda- 'More than a prophet is here.' None ism has been the salvation of Juda- ism for thousands in America." The of them ask for renunciation or Ie'wish Chronicle, the foremost English Jewish paper, commenting sacrifice 'for my sake.' The per- upon this, says: sonal note, the personal touch, are wanting. But all these things are predicted of Jesus, and some of them, or all of them, may be his- toric! . 'Do this for my sake, be good for my sake, take this pain- ful resolve, go through with this hard task, achieve this sacrifice'- 'for my sake.' There was a new mo- "One has only to observe the ex- tive, which has been a tremendous treme lengths to which it has been power and effect in the religious carried by such thorough-going Dishistory of the world. The devotion senters as Dr. Leonard Levy and of the leader to his men and to his Rabbi Stephen Wise, to see that all cause-Jesus shared it. The devo- these saved people to Judaism in tion of the led to their leader-Jesus nothing except in name-they are at inspired it. He kindled a flame best nominal Jews, and only for the which was to burn more brightly time being. To ethical culture, to after His death than ever in His Theism, to Unitarianism, their prin- life-time. 'For Jesus Sake!' Of what ciples may accord, but not to Judaism fine lives and deaths has not this as such. Those familiar with Dr.

motive been the spring and sustain- Levy's Sunday lectures do not need ment! This must be freely and fairly to be reminded that they may be acknowledged by all those who stand outside of the Christian sanctuary Theistic and Unitarian-they assur- edly are not I ewish." and are not called by the name of Christ." S1,~n i~ the awful religious condi-

tion of Israel, which we have ven- is not strong and separate enough to tured to class, inadequately but con- save the American Jews from abscientiously, under three heads. But sorption. The bulk of American what about the masses who belong Jewry knows more of Christian to none of these? Science than of the Talmud, or even the Mosaic code. Thousands of the The 6,000,000 of Jews in dark rising generation have never seen Russia-we must not even touch Phylacteries or carried a Palm upon their awful, peculiar condition; Branch, or sat in a Tabernacle. In for there lies, in the very nature of the new towns of the West the poor things, the most distressing, uncon- Jew drifts into the Church as easily ceivable chaos. To touch an isolated as the rich Jew in the Eastern towns. phantom that meets the observer's In the Jewish Gazette of New York eye, in a few passing remarks would for March 7, 1913. there is a rebe unjust. Ill[e must, therefore, deal markable answer given by an emiwith these unhappy 6,000,000 Jews grant to the reproach that he had at another time. But with regard joined an Episcopalian congregation. to the condition of the masses in 'Why not,' said he, 'In the church I Christian and enlightened lands, let am told to be good; in the Temple us take the evidence of their own I am told to be good. In the Church leaders, which is absolutely true. the organ is playing; in the Temple Rabbi Shanfarber of Chicago, says: the organ is playing. In the Church Christian choir-girls are singing; in "We Jews have given religion to the Temple Christian choir-girls are the world, but we have little our- singing. Why should we not all selves. We gave God to the world, pray tog-ether?' Asked how he could yet we have little of God in our believe in Jesus, he replied that a hearts. The Jews are not studying Tewish Rabbi had preached that their Bible–other people are study- Jesus was a great Hebrew Prophet; ing it. Our tremendous indifference and the assurance he had received is our worst ailment. We are. from the Episcopalian Rabbi, that troubled with the teaching of agnostic stress was no longer laid on the imatheism. Materialism and Christian maculate conception, had set his Science." conscience completely at rest."

Dr. Melamed, the eminent scholar This does not need any comment. of London, England, in his great book declares: "The Jews have now No honest Rabbi or Jew will dare scarcely anything in common with to tell us that all is well with Israel. the Jews of the Bible." In his great induction sermon, the Israel's spiritual needs are by far new Chief Rabbi of the British Em- greater than Israel's temporal needs. pire, Dr. Hertz, makes this emphatic admission: "Hosts of our men What Has the Christian Church Done for and women of to-morrow are losing Israel? belief in Israel's future and are drifting into unbaptized Apostacy." As a Church, what have we done Mr. Israel Zangwill tells us in the to lead these wanderers into better Jewish Chronicle of April 4, 1913: ways? What has the Church contribu- "The religion of American Jewry ted to mold their life ami character?

It is rather melancholy to have to confess our neglect. But the Chris- tian Church had to make this con- fession three years ago! The great Missionary Conference Oat Edinburgh, Scotland, declared in their Report of

PRESENT CONDITION OF

Commission I : "The attempts to series of articles appeared by Rev. give the Gospel to this people have G. Freelander and Mr. Goodman, been altogether inadequate." So. we rudely assailing Jesus and the New also need not fear to frankly confess Testament. our neglect. Some Christian theologians are The Obligation to Preach the Gospel to afraid to touch on the question for the Jew fear of giving offense. On the other hand the Jew is not in the least con- It is the imperative duty of the cerned about hurting our feelings. Church of Christ to preach the Some time ago, while attending the Gospel to the Jews, as well as to General Ministerial Association at all other races of mankind. In fact, Winnipeg, Rabbi Levine, who was a the Church exists, like her Master, me~ber of the said Christian Assonot for herself, but for mankind. ciation, made a bitter attack on Chris- For the Church to exclude the Jew tian Missions. The attitude of Jewfrom her missionary program to ish leaders toward Christianity reevangelize the whole world, is to mains one of intense bitterness and expect the Church to undo herself. open hatred, and there is scarcely a "For there is no difference between periodical that does not contain some the Jew and the Greek, for the same of their uncharitable sentiments. To Lord over all is rich unto all that the Christians of to-day belongs the call upon Him." (Rom. 10: 12.) duty of teaching and exemplifying the life of Christ. The Jew can no longer say, "Leave us alone, for we leave you alone," The Jews must learn that we know for they do not leave us alone. On what ails them, and that we are inevery hand· the tenets of Christianity tensely anxious to fill their spiritual are roughly handled. In the Jewish emptiness with Christian feeling; Chronicle and the Jewish W or'M a O/"15510N5 TO THE -.JEWS 0 .sTATISTICAL TABLE 1913 0 If) If) z:(() aI/) ~ID wZ:: COUNTRIE.5 ILJ I-Ll Q ~~ M 15510NARIE5 INCOME n::!! F D:: r~ ~ MALE FEMALE WIVE'SS TOTII.L [3~ <{ If) ::> ]:11:: vILJ .:J >< 1: 0 ::l If} <{ 0 V I GREAT ~RITAIN __ 30 8 135 12 314 269 81 664 166 $520,000 Z GERMA~Y ____ 4 6 14- I 21 12 2 35 10 30,000 3 SWITZERLAND 2 — 4 – – 5 – – — 54 10,000 4. FRANCE ____ I — I – – I 2,500 — – – 1 — 4,000 5. NETHERLAMD__ :3 I 4 — 5 — — 52 6. SCAI'IDI/'IAVIA__ .3 7. RUSSIA __ –_ 5 I 9 .3 17 12 .3 32 7 22,000 8.AFRICA _____ I 5. ASIA ______ 4 — 5 — 5 5I "2 5 4.200 10. AU5TRALIA __ 2 2 I — 2 — – – 4,000 I II . UMITED S,.ATES_ 45 I~.CAMADA ____ 7 — 4 – – — 6 — 8 I 5,000 — 2 – – 2 1,500 — — 2 I 6 48 3 66 58 23 147 51 102,000 I 6 I 15 8 4 27 15 33,500 ,~ ==, =, TOTAL: 107 25 233 20 453 372 114 939 2b"3 $7.~8,OOO –.

that we bring them Christianity, not longing and burning desire of the the fair-sounding, meaningless lip- missionary, at the same time rememphrase, which is their confession of bering that the offense of the cross faith, but a living Christianity of will not cease, for the Chief Cornerthe heart, inspired by the living stone, our blessed Lord Himself, so Christ of God. This living Christ precious to us who believe, is still is the only power to develop, to to the disobedient a stone of stumchange, to renew and to grant the bling and a rock of offense. "New Life." There is, however, a possibility for us so to order our habits and ac- What the Christian Church is Doing for tivities as to "give none offense, the Jews neither to the Jews, nor to the Gen- tiles, nor to the Church of God." There are some I07 Societies laboring among the Jews through- All the organized missions to the out the world, few of which are Jews recognize the above to be most adequately equipped, manned or sup- essential, and therefore we feel that ported. The foregoing s~atistical their testimony IS powerful and table will give some idea of the num- fruit-bearing. ber of workers, stations, etc.

The Character of the Work The Attitude of the People In order to reach the Jewish peo- The influence of the Rabbis is less ple with the mes~age of love, we strong than we usually imagine. must show them the reality of During the past year strong appeals our message-unconditional, whole- were issued against Christian mishearted, sincere love, without interest, sions, in leading cities all over the is demanded. The Jewish people, world, and in some cities anti-misabove all others, are suspicious of sionary societies have been formed. Christians. Centuries of persecution, But the common people practically hatred and gross ignorance of the took no notice; in some cases the true principles of the Christian faith appeals have rather helped to adverhave implanted a national mistrust. tise the missions and their meetings. The Jews, therefore, seek to find the Christ of God in the lives of From almost every Mission all the missionaries, before He will be- over the world we hear of increased come a living reality to them. The attendance of men and women, and character, devotion and spiritual the reverence exhibited at the difpower of the missionaries is really ferent services has been most signifiwhat a mission represents. The mes- cant and encouraging. Women, essage which has entered their own pecially, are taking a real, deep inlife and soul is now entrusted to terest, and are inquiring' more earnthem, and this they must proclaim estly than ever before. Parents bring and exhibit in their life. At the their children to Sabbath-school, and same time the missionary must con- are speaking openly against the intinually have before his mind Israel's terference of the Rabbis. In some peculiar position and clamant need. cases when Rabbis stationed them- The reconciliation of Israel with selves in front of a mission, think- Christ must be the continual, intense ing that their presence would hinder

PRESENT CONDITION OF

some from entering the mission, they missionaries conduct sewing-schools were utterly ignored, which is really and Sunday-schools, in order to atremarkable, considering the fear tract the Jewish children, and at the which prevailed a few years ago. sam~ ~ime accustom them to singing Chnstmn hymns." The confidence which the missionaries have gained is most remarkable. But more significant is the ac- It is a matter of utmost importance knowledgment of the eminent ZiOnIst that better relations should be culti- organ, Die Welt, in an article on vated, and therefore, the results are Jewish baptisms in Berlin in 19II: most encouraging. The Hebrew Christian has not to face the bitter "Two hundred and twenty-four hatred and persecution he had a few Berliners left Judaism in that year, years ago. We find that everywhere most of them identifying themselves the common people have implicit with the Lutheran Church-this does faith in the sincerity of the Chris- not mclude children. Among them tian missionary, and they even con- were persons of prominence-Dr. tradict statements of the Rabbis. Otto Brahms of the Lessing Theater j They declare openly that the motive the 'cellist, Dr. Heinrich Gruenfe1d. of the Christian missionary is un- Thirteen were physicians, four lawselfish love for their souls, in obedi- yers, eight engineers and three chemence to the divine command of the ists. These are not dry leaves that Lord. are falling away from us," he con- tinues, "but the very best." . . . The most encouraging news comes "Well informed people know that in from dark Russia. There the en- Russia there are to-day currents in lightened young men are earnest Jewish life which are setting toward "Seekers after Truth," and the true Christianity." spirit of inquiry has remarkably spread all over Russia. New Testa- What are the Results? ments and Christian literature have never, in the history of Jewish mIS- It would be idle to attempt to sions, been in greater demand. measure results. Statistics may in- Jewry is Religiously Hopeless dicate the abundant labors of the The Jews can not ignore these facts any longer. Therefore all the workers, but they are no true index Jewish papers are alarmed and are scheming to keep the young Jew in of fruitage that abides. It is very the Synagog, and to combat missionary influence, which, they are difficult to even approximately estiforced to acknowledge, is most powerful. The Canadian Jewish Times, mate the spiritual results indicated April II, 1913, in a plea to counteract the missionary activities, makes in the statistical table, but it is unithe following remarkable admission: versally acknowledged that at least "The missionary influence in the Ward has reached a high pitch 2,000 Jews have been baptized each among the Jewish children. The year since 1900. We can not meas- ure the success of missions to the Jews by the number of baptisms.

Many of the missions do not aim at baptisms and incorporation into the visible Church of Christ, but at evangelization only. Thousands of Jewish men, women and children have publicly confessed their faith in the Lord Jesus Christ, and have borne the burden which is still the

portion of Jewish believers in Christ. Church, which they feel is a great Many more, however, have become loss and a weakening of their testisecret believers, lacking, alas, the mony as Hebrew Christians. courage for public profession. The Hebrew Christians of Toronto, The direct results are encouraging Canada, members of the Presbyterian –yet the indirect results are most Church, made this the burden of valuable and of utmost importance, their prayers, and after waiting upon for they have set before the people God, they petitioned the Presbytery true Christianity as they have never of Toronto to grant them permission, known it before. and to help them organize the first Hebrew Christian church in Canada, The Time to Favor Zion under the name of the "Christian Synagog" (Presbyterian); the ser- Perhaps the most significant en- vices to be Presbyterian, as well as couragement comes from the Hebrew in doctrine, but its members to be Christian himself. There is a great Hebrew Christians. The Presbytery longing, such as has never before unanimously granted the petitIon, been felt by the Hebrew Christians, appointing interim session, and on for a real union. This influence has Thursday evening, July 24, 1913, extended to all the missionaries, and amidst rej oicing and thanksgiving, now we find the different missions the first Hebrew Christian Presbyin London, England, and other parts terian Church saw the light, and is of the world, are dropping their now an established fact. Its members petty jealousies, and are uniting in are enthusiastic, and its testimony has a common effort. On the great Jew- become a power among Jews and ish Day of Atonement the different Christians alike. missions and missionaries have united in intercession on behalf of Israel. The Issu'; Unchanged During the high festivals united services have been arranged, meeting It is stilI Jesus Himself whom the at different miSSlOns alternately. Jews must accept or reject. The Thus, we feel that the outlook has gulf between them and Christianity never been brighter in the history is practically as wide for the Reof Jewish missions. The strong de- formed and Radical Jew as that sire of Hebrew Christians that their which must be crossed by the Orthotestimony should be effectual to Jew dox Jew, before he acknowledges the and Gentile, has been the cause of Lordship, Divinity and Messiahship great discussion all over the world. of Jesus of Nazareth. However far Some have even wanted to organize they may have drifted, there still rewhat they called a "Messianic Jew- mains with them the inherent religisll Movement," but the Hebrew ious instinct, that capacity to appre- Christians, as a whole, would not ciate great moral and spiritual truths, listen to the formation of any new which has characterized the m sect, or even a revival of ancient throughout their history, and, which, "Ebionitism." Yet the Hebrew Chris- consecrated to the service of Christ, tians feel that they are being ab- will enrich and revitalize Christianity sorbed within the Gentile Christian itself.

Girls' HIgh School Dormitory and Dining Hall Ladies' House-

A FE W OF THE SEVVERANCE BUILDINNGGS AT TENGCHOWFU, CHBINA-A 1MIO0DEL STAATION A MISSIONARY PHILANTHROPIST A SKETCH OF THE LIFE AND WORK OF LOUIS H. SEVERANCE BY REV. STANLEY WHITE, D.D., NEW YORK Sec retary of the Prreessbyterian Board of Foreign Missions .,~I N the death of Mrr.. listed in the hundred-day service, he Louis H. Severance remained in the bank for eight years. the Christian Church In 1864, he removedd.. to Titusville, has suffered a seem- Fa.., where he was engaged in busi- ingly irreparable loss. ness for ten years, and then returned – A man of wealth and to Cleveland. Frrom 1876 to 1895 he was cashier and treasurer of the leisure, he consecrated both to the Standard Oil Company, in which at the time of his death he was a large service of his Master. His ability stockholder. In addition to his Stand- ard Oil interests, Mr. Severance to do this lay in the fact that he was connected with many other financial enterprises, the success of had first given himself to the Lord. which increased his ability to share in the work of God in the world. Mr. Severance was born in Cleve- Mr. Severance was twice married, in 1862 to Fanny B. Benedict, who land, on August I, 1838, less than died in 1874, and again in 1894 to Florence Harkness, who died less a month after the death of his father, than a year later. He is survived by two children, John L. Severance and Solomon Lewis Severance. His Mrs. Dudley P. Allen, both of Cleve- land. Mrr. Severance was apparently mother was Mary H. Long, the only well up to within a day or two of his death, when, on June 25, daughter of Mr. David Long, the 1913, he was suddenly stricken at first physician of Cleveland. She died on October I, 1902, at the age of 86 years.

Like many another successful busi- ness man,, Mrr. Severance received his education in the public s~hools, from which, at the age of 18, he went into the Commercial Bank of Cleveland. With the exception of a short interval in 1863, when he en-

his home in Cleveland and was taken Superintendent in 1r8897. He was an away without suffering. He went elder from the year 1884 until his to the reward which is reserved for death. There is, however, a story those who have been faithful stew- connected with this fact which should ards in this world. not be concealed. The Woodland Such is the brief record of his Avenue Presbyterian Church not only life as it might be recorded in history. claimed him as a member, but it It is, however, only the background found in him, whether present in Cleveland or away from the city, a most faithful and devoted servant.

This church is one of those which in all large cities suffer from the fluctuation of population and the changing conditions of city life.

Little by little there has grown up around it a great business center, bringing with it large numbers of people who need a church home but are financially unable to meet the responsibility. Devoted as they may be, the work would be impossible unless some one stood behind them..

Mr. Severance's love and devo- tion for this church never wavveel"rfp'u..

He gave it his time, his thought and his support. He believed in its mis- FLORENCE HARKNESSSS MEMORIAL CHAlJ""EL sion, and was ready to aid in carry- ing it out. It was a noble tribute Western Reserve University, CollJege for WOO.Qlll1een, to him that, at the Memorial Service Cleveland,. Ohio. Built by Mr. Louis Sever· on Sunday, September 28th, this ance and Miss Anna M. Harkness of a picture which is beautified by great church was almost filled with personal devotion and service which those who had learned to consider has rarely been equalled. It should Mr. Severance, not simply their bene- be an inspiration to all .-other men factor, but their brother and servant who have been entrusted with large for Christ's sake. Just prior to his possessions. death he had completed the renova- In the first place Mr. Severance tion of the church, so as to include was a devoted church man. His a gymnasium and the other equip- formal membership was with the ments that belong to a people's church.

Woodland Avenue Presbyterian He saw that the problem in his Church in Cleveland, with which he neighborhood was changing and, like united in January, 1875, when it was a man of vision and wisdom, was a new enterprise. He was elected ready to meet it.

Assistant Superintendent of the Sun- Mr. Severance was also the servant day-school in 1882 and became its of the church at large and was in-

A MISSIONARY PHILANTHROPIST

terested In all its 'enterprises. He long to be remembered, to see and was President of the Presbyterian hear at the Memorial Service, Union in Cleveland from 1&89)3 until the presidents of three colleges, tell 1903, was a delegate to the Ecumeni- not only of his gifts, but also of the cal Conference in 1900, and was irntflIuence of his life and counsel in Vice":Moderator of the General As- pushing forward their work. Mr. sembly in 1904. In addition to, his Severance was a faithful member of interest in his own church he had :the Board of Aid for Colleges and also built the , Boulevard 'and May~ 'had given large sums in its support.

THE SEVERANCE LIIBBRRARY AT THE UNIVERSITY OF WOOSTER, OHIO flower Chapels in other parts of the Our thoughts, however, must take city of Cleveland, which were both a still wider range. From his boydedicated in ,the year 1&89)7. His hood he had been interested in misheart was large enough so that it sIOons. ' The source of his interest did not expend itself only on the inter- seems to have lain in the following ests of his own town. Believing as he circumstances: The Rev. Samuel did in the church of Christ and that Hutchings, who became pastor of the it must have an educated ministry First Presbyterian Church in Cleveand a strong, virile leadership, he land, in 1831, had been a ,missionary threw himself with his accustomed in Ceylon with his wife, and had but energy into educational work. He recently returned on account of ill was a trustee in Wooster and Oberlin health. Through their influence, a Colleges, and in Western Reserve young ladies' missionary society was University,. It was an experience formed in the Church, in 1832, and

continued until 1871, when it became ence with the missionaries that would merged into the Presbyterial Society have overburdened a man whose of Cleveland. Through the influence heart was not ready to expend itself of these devoted people there was in this work. During the last 12 created the atmosphere of missionary years he is known to havee'' given interest in which Mr. Severllnce about $500,000 to the work of forgrew. Another life also added' in- eign missions-probably but a small tensity to this interest. Mrs. Sarah portion of the total amount, for one C. Van Tine Adams, a friend of the of Mr. Severance's common habits family, who went out to the Zulu was to give in a way that would not Mission in 1834, returned after 15 be publicly known.

THE SEVERRltANCE CREE..:MMIICCAL LABORATORY, OBERLIN COLLEGE, OHIO The gift included land, endowment for building and for the clinic of chemistry years of service, and found a home In estimating the value of such in the family of Mr. Severance's a life, it would be well to bring into mother.' The mISSIonary fervor the foreground several things. When flowed through her life to touch the Mr. Severance's death became known, life of Louis H. Severance, in whose the fact that he was financially a home in Titusville she lived for two great force in philanthropic and misyears, sion work faded away in the sense of the personal loss that came to In 1907, in his 70th year, Mr. everyone who knew him. He had· Severance went to the Far East and a marvelous capacity for friendship spent 16 months in his missionary and for attaching people to him by tour around the world. From that ~pontaneous goodness. Some one time forward foreign missions be- has said that large wealth means came with him an absorbing passion, liO::1Ieliy living and that it puts a barand at the time of his death he was rier between a man and his friends, conducting a personal correspond-

A MISSIONARY PHltLANTHROP!S1'

but Mr. Severance absolutely dis- His characteristic answer was: "Do proved the necessity for this. He not talk to me about that now, for had probably given as much to the I lay awake all last night suffering Seoul Station of the Korean Mis- because of it." Whheer)n. I was in Can- sion of the Presbyterian Church as ton recently I saw the beginning of to alllYY other one place. The Sever- a new s<~!hhoooo;: building that was being a.nnce Hospital there was not only put up for the girls' work. It waa.s made pussible by his gifts, but, hu- the gift of Mr. Severance. When manly speaking, its future was de- the question of rebuilding this school pendent upon tthheem. It is very sig- came up, he thought of those faith- . nificant then to read the statement ful workers who had devoted so published in the Seoul paper, which much of their lives to the work and expresses the major thought in the remarked: "They need help and I hearts of the people. The following am going to help them." He sym- sentence is eloquent: "Late in June came the news of the death of Mr. THEE SEVERANCE M EDDI CAL COOLLEGE, SEOULL.. KOREA . Severance, the friend of missions, as he was of every good cause, as he pathized with them, and his money was the friend of his Lord and did not harden his heart. Master, Jesus Christ, and of all that concerned the welfare of His King- Another characctteerriissttIiCc of Mr. Sev- dom. Mr. Severance, however, not erance was his marvelous capacity only befriended the Koreal!j}l Mis- for studying the details., of prob- sion, but was the personal friend of lems and thoroughly understanding many of us, as he was of hundreds them before acting. In ' making his of other missionaries, no doubt, and gifts he was not content to base his doubtless they feel as we do, that action upon a general knowledge of he was our particular Mr. Sever- facts or on the opinion of others. ance." Thus did this noble man He would make personal inquiry of solve the problem which most men those who were in close touch with of large means have to face. He the work, and would ask for maps was not submerged by his posses- and plans of property, the location sions, and refused to live a lonely of the buildings in relation to the life. work, for the exact cost down to the last details, and he would put as Another characteristic of Mr. Sev- much time and labor into his task erance was his capacity for genuine, as tho he were planning a busi- human sympathy. In making his gifts, he was continually fighting be- tween what he knew was his duty in the matter of careful investigation and discrimination and the appeal of his sympathies. He suf- fered with those who suffered. I recall a conversation in which men- ' tion was made of one in whom he was interested who was in trouble.

ness operation. The meaning of On a recent visit to the foreign this is clear. He took the capacity field Mr. Severance asked me par- which was his as a business man ticularly to study educational ques- and laid it in service at the feet of tions in India and to discover why his Master. He believed that in the so many of the students passed King's business there was' a place through the colleges without openly for a man with business talents. This making confession of faith through may well be a suggestion for those Jesus Christ. He knew there were in the church who sometimes ask great forces in India's life that hin- what opportunity there is for ser- dered it, but he wanted to know the vice. If men will really consecrate exact reason. He said : "We must their business capacity to God, it IS never lose sight in all that we do all that He would ask of them. It that our purpose in being in the would be difficult .to estimate the Far East is not primarily for edu- strength that has been imparted to cation, but that it is for an educa- the building of the Kingdom of God tion that may make men like unto because of Mr. Severance's rigid ad- God their Father." From this he herence to this principle. could never be diverted. He never As a natural result .of this charac- allowed the work to sink into mere teristic way of working and of put- philanthropy. He always lifted it ting the best that he had at the ser- into the high sphere of the spiritual.

vice of God, Louis Severance knew This sketch would not be com- the fulness of the joy of Christian plete did we not speak of his con- life. At 74 years of age he still stant desire to help those who were maintained his youthful enthusiasm. struggling to regain their place in I never saw a man who seemed to life. At the memorial service in be so enthusiastic about the thing Cleveland, the story was told by one he was doing and often asked my- of the speakers of a visit which Mr.

self how this could be explained. Severance made to a rescue mis- Generally, when men have amassed sion in New York, when, without large fortunes and have satisfied previous notice, he was asked to every earthly desire, they lose en- speak. The remarks which he made thusiasm. This man kept the glow were indicative of the man's whole of life because he made the major life. Taking as his theme the won- passion of his life the major pur- derful painting by Munkacsy of the pose of God. Some men of wealth "Descent from the Cross," he plead- have a passion for art and some ed with those men to turn to Jesus have a passion for travel. With Christ as the one power that could Louis Severance the conversion uplift them and that could give them of the world to Jesus Christ was a sense of forgiveness and a hope his main thought. Enthusiasm for the future.

means to be "in God." In a very Here was a man who success- real sense he lived in God and God fully solved the problem of the right lived in him. He was also able to use of wealth. He was a great man act from the higher spiritual motives because he mastered his money and and was never diverted. did not let his money master him.

A MISSIONARY PHILANTHROPIST 90

He refused to allow it to isolate Severance, but of far more signifihim, to make him unsympathetic, cance is the fact that all over the and he never used it as an excuse East there are men and women upon for lack of personal service. He whose hearts are deeply written the allowed all the appeals and duties name of Louis H. Severance. I befrom which some men try to escape lieve, and say it reverently, that not to beat in upon his life that he in the building made with hands, might bear his share of the burden. not only upon the hearts of men, He made God's purpose his purpose but in Heaven above, his name is and kept the spiritual in the ascend- also written as that of a man who ant. All over the East and in mastered life for Christ's sake. As America, there are buildings which an inspiration to others, one pays are associated with the name of Mr. this loving tribute to this noble man.

THE SUPREME NEED By DR. J. R. MOTT "When I made my first journey round the world I went home and wrote a book in which I laid great stress upon the need of an increase in the number of foreign missionaries. When I returned from my second tour, I laid stress upon the need of a great army of native workers, sons and daughters of the soil. When I came back from my third extended journey to the East, I was led to see that I had taken a very superficial view. What we need is not so much an increase in the number of missionaries, not so much a vast army of native workers; what we need is the discovery of the hiding of God's power and the secret of the releasing of that power. We need more workers through whom God shall have His opportunity. Here and there He is accomplishing through one worker what many workers could not accomplish where the hiding of His power is not discovered.

"Since then I have found the same thing exemplified all over the home field. God has His ways, and they are not always our ways. One of the most striking passages in the old Testament is the One representing God's eye searching up and down the world trying to find a man whose heart is right toward Him, that He might show His power through that man. The discovery of that secret is the great thing needed all over the world to-day in our Christian enterprise, the discovery of the secret which enables God to find the object of His quest, that He may realize His consuming desire and show Himself strong."

ORGANIZATION AND WORK OF TIlE

CIIlJIlCH MISSItNABY COMMITTEE 1.000.000 AleaF Coming FIELDS OF WORK >. ~ . 250,000 AYeap RelUPlling c: 0lIl( OUR NATIONAL PERIL OR OPPORTUNITY The Churches Must Decide WHICH WHAT'S WRONG MISSIONARY GIFTS WITH INCREASING MISSIOIIIlY FIIIICES? I. IN CANADA Home and Fopolgn Missions I . ONLY V3 OF CHURCH 1909 $ 1,492,000 INTERESTED. 1912 2,500.181 CURE 1.lnfoprnation 2.IN THE UNITED STATES 2. Sympathy with Fopelgn Missions Chpriisst 1907 $ 8,449.693 2.ONLY V3 OF CHURCH 1908 8.916.589 1909 10.086.216 GIVING. 1910 10,497,798 1911 11.030.715 CURE I. Weekly Offering 1912 14.942,523 2.AnnuaJ Canvass FROM "THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD SOME CHARTS USED BY THE UNITED MISSIONARY CAMPAIGN The charts, 2 ft. x 3 ft. (on cloth), may be obtained fwm the Laymen's Missionary Movement, 1 Madison Avenue, New York.

MEN"S UNION MISSIONARY COONNFFEElUtENNCCE DINNER AT ATLANTIC CIlTY, SEPT. 27

AROUSING THE CHURCH IN AMERICA PLANS FOR THE UNITED CAMPAIGN FOR HOME AND FOREIGN MISSIONS BY WILLIAM B. MILLAR, NEW YORK General Secretary of the United Missionary Campaign.

N the one hundredth cultivation of the home base; that all the forces combined could bring a mO anniversary 0 f the much stronger impact upon a com- birth of David Liv- munity than could be brought by ingstone, that g rea t communions working separately, with- ~ apostle to the dark out reference to each other's plans. continent, a notable Wasteful or ineffective methods in missionary decision was reached. On missionary work should no more be that day (March I9, I9I3) represen- tolerated than in the ordinary lines tatives of the Home and Foreign Mis- of business. The present world situsionary Boards of North America ation demands methods and plans that met in New York City for prayer promise largest results. The needs and conference and decided unani- are too great and pressing for anymously to cooperate in a united mis- thing less effectiv.e. sionary campaign to bring the worldwide missionary needs and opportu- To plan and conduct such a connities before the Christians of North tinental campaign, a central commit- America. This conference had been tee was organized, composed of 80 preceded by several weeks of earnest members, representing the different consideration, so that the action rep- Home and Foreign Mission Boards. resented the careful thought of the The following officers were elected: leaders of the missionary enterprise. Rev. Arthur J. Brown, D.D., secretary It was clearly recognized that the cooperation of these forces would of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign mean greater efficiency and economy Missions, chairman; Rev. H. C. Herof time, money and effort in the ring, D.D., general secretary of the Congregational Home Missionary So-

ciety, vice-chairman j Mr. Eben E. Ol- The organization and direction of cott of the Reformed Church of Amer- these interdenominational confer- ica, treasurer, and Mr. William B. Mil- ences has been intrusted to the Lay- lar, of the Laymen's Missionar,y emn's Missionary Movement, and the Movement, secretary. An executive Missionary Education Movement has committee was appointed to look after been asked to formulate a plan for the details of the campaign. S. Earl the educational features. Already Taylor, LL.D., secretary of the Board some 500 conferences have been of Foreign Missions of the Metho- arranged for the autumn and win- dist Episcopal Church, was appointed ter. The reports indicate that, with as chairman and Rev. Charles R. but few exceptions, there has been Watson, secretary of the Board of a good attendance and a deep Foreign Missions of the United Pres- interest awakened in the conferences byterian Church, was made vice- already held.

chairman. The United Presbyterian The educational plans for this year Church was also .asked· to give the include the study of the home mis- services of Mr. George Innes as one sion field in the autumn, with special of the general secretaries of the cam- emphasis upon the question of immi- paign. In the interests of economy gration. Dr. Shriver's new book on it was agreed to use existing agencies this subject is recommended as the so far as possible. 'text book, and after the first of Jan- This campaign is intended to pro-, uaryforeign fields will be empha-, mote the entire missionary work of sized with the study of Mr. Sher- the church at home and abroad, and wood Eddy's new book on "The New the effort will be made to enlist the Era in Asia." The four chapters of entire membership of all denomina- Mr. W. E. Doughty's "Call of the tions. Emphasis will be placed upon W orId" will form the basis of dis- fundamental spiritual requisites for cussion groups for men and for the abundant Christian life and for fruit- midweek meetings during one.month.

ful Christian service. The simultaneous personal canvass During the first season-Septem- for missions has many advantages.

ber to February-plans have been It is not a new plan, since three de- made to hold interdenominational nominations have already tried it conferences in which will be present- with most satisfactory results-edu- ed more adequate methods of mis- cational, financial and spiritual. Un- sionary education in local churches der this plan the United Presbyte- and better methods of finance. 'These rians have increased their gifts for conferences are to lead up to a mIsSIons and benevolences from nation-wide simultaneous "Every- $552,347 in 19IO to $739,452 in 1913 Member Canvass" in March, 1914, -and this does not count the offer- in as many denominations as can ings of the Women's Missionary So- arrange to undertake it at that ciety. The total giving in the entire time; the month of February to communion for outside objects aver- be devoted to special denominational aged $6.10 per member per year.

effort in lining up the churches for With this also came an increase of this canvass. gifts for the current expenses-as .s

THE'MOSLEM

, WORLD 200,000,000 or PEOPLE HUMBLED BY WARS MORE OPEN THAN FOR MANY CENTURIES The Least Occupied of AUll Mission Fields OR CRESCENT?

CHINA AFRICA Population 400.,000,000 Population 150,.000,.000 , IMPRESSIVE CHARTS AND MAPS USED IN THE MISSIONARY CAMPAIGN These charts, in colors, on cloth, 2 ft. x 3 ft., may be obtained from the Layman's Missionary Movement,l 1 Madison Avenue, N. Y.

always the case. "There is that its, in part at least, the fact that the scattereth and yet increaseth." Board of Missions of that church received last year $95,688 more than What has been the result in other in the preceding year. churches? Two hundred and fifty of the Southern Presbyterian One district superintendent of the churches adopted the every-member Methodist Episcopal Church reports canvass with the result that they that 60 out of the 72 churches in his have given over $7.00 per member to district have adopted the new finanbenevolences, while the strongest cial plan and in every case with succhurches of the denomination not cess. In addition to providing for using the canvass, are giving at less all local expenses, the increase in than half that rate. The spiritual re- benevolences in each case was from sults of this movement are shown by 20 per cent. to 600 per cent. on the the fact that these same 250 churches basis of the previous year's offerings. also showed last year a marked in- Better than all, new life was increase in the number of conversions. fused into every church. Reports Throughout the denomination there from 165 Methodist churches that has been a steady advance in the adopted the canvass method showed amounts given under the better finan- a 73 per cent. increase in one year cial plans. The offerings for foreign in their foreign missionary offerings missions alone increased from $420,- -from $66,395 to $II5,479. At the 602 in 1910 to $631,069 in 1913. same time their gifts to home mission work increased 52 per cent. and to RESULTS IN DENOMINATIONS the Women's Board, 30 per cent.

1. UNITED PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH The Baptists of Cleveland last year united in a canvass which increased To all Missions, 1912 . .$580,169 the number of givers by 1,474 and To all Missions, 1913. . . 739,452 the total gifts for benevolences from Membership, 142,081; with $33,807 to $45,891, and this in ad- dition to private gifts made in the women's societies . . . 853,569 canvass of some $40,000.

Average per member to Missions, $6.11 (29 per cent. of total); average per member, all purposes, $20.97.

2. SOUTHERN PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH RESULTS-GROUPS OF CHURCHES To Foreign Missions, 1907 .$276,263 To Foreign Missions, 1912 . 501,412 24 CLEVELAND BAPTIST CHURCHES To Foreign Missions, 1913 . 631,069 Added 1,474 new sub- Membership, 301,000. Gain in SIX years, 129 per cent. scribers.

3. BAPTIST CHURCH Secured from churches .$45,581.00 From individuals . . 40,000.00 To all Missions, Ontario and Quebec, 1908. . . . .$103,000 To all Missions, Ontario and Quebec, 1913.. . 220,000 Membership, 55,000. Total for Missions . .$85,581.00 .f. CANADIAN PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH Average per member. 12.13 To all Missions, 1908 .$472.075 22 BUFFALO METHODIST CHURCHES , To all Missions, 1913 . 927,728 Membership, 301,465. 1909 To Foreign Missions.$ 7,502.00 1910 To Foreign Missions. 17,023.00 Gain, 127 per cent, In r ,200 parishes of the Protestant Episcopal Communion, better meth- 18 PRESBYTERIAN CHURCHES, ods of finance have been introduced, For Home Missions, from $20,969 with the use of the duplex envelopes to $35,119. and a weekly basis of giving. To For Foreign Missions, from $11,- this fact the Spirit of Missions cred- 161 to $21,336: For Current Revenue, from $82,268 to $110,935.

THE CHURCH IN

Through the annual canvass the largely the offerings from the Baptists of Toronto have more than churches but will result in untold quadrupled their missionary output in spiritual blessings to those commuthe last six years, increasing from nions that persistently and faith- $~3,000 in 1907 to nearly $100,000 fu:Iy adopt its program. this year. The Presbyterians of that same city in the same period in- RESULTS-INDIVIDUAL CHURCHES creased their missionary offerings from $62,000 to $I32,000. A RURAL CHURCH, Dunkerton, Iowa, Membership, 52. All Current Benevo- Expenses lences Total 1910—0ld plan. .$220 $5 $225 RESULTS IN ENTIRE CITIES 710 1911-New plan. . 635 75 GREENSBORO, N. C. 191Z—New plan, sec- To Foreign Missions, 1909 $7,304 ond year . 900 202 1,102 To Foreign Missions, 1913 16,094 A VILLAGE CHURCH, South Framingham, BUFFALO, N. Y. Mass. Methodist Episcopal. Member- To Foreign Missions, 1909 $36,000 To Foreign Missions, 1912 56,000 ship, 200.

All RICHMOND, VA. Benevolences To all Missions, 1909 . .$118,213 1910-0ld plan .$150 To all Missions, 1913 . . 181,287 1911-New plan. . . . . . 228 TORONTO, CANADA 1912-New plan, second year. . 547 To all Missions, 1907 . .$175,000 A LARGE CITY CHURCH, Toronto, Canada. To all Missions, 1908 . 236,088 Bloor Street Presbyterian. Member- To all Missions, 1909 . 363,697 ship, 1,100. To all Missions, 1910 . 410,000 To all Missions, 1911 . By the old plan . . . . . . $6,000 To all Missions, 1912 . 441,194 By the use of the Duplex Envelope 12,000 479,000 By the Every-Member-Canvass . 16,000 These illustrations could be mul- It is no light task to change the tiplied many times, for it is univer- l1lethods now in operation among sal testimony that the new plan more than 20,000,000 of church works wherever it is given a fair members. This work is not to be trial. At the same time the reports accomplished in one year or in two, show increased gifts to local ex- as was clearly recognized by the ofpenses, missions and benevolences, ficial action taken at the first conan increased interest on the part of ference on the I9th of March, where laymen, a restoration of backsliding the following declaration was passed: or lapsed members and a general "This united campaign is not for quickening of the spiritual life of the this year only but it is to be church. In one canvass the pastor a comprehensive and sustained efreported that 200 members whose in- fort, with such developments as may terest had died out were found and prove necessary, to lead the whole brought back into the active life and Church out into the discharge of its work of the church. total missionary duty, in this crisis hour of national and world history." Similar reports of enlarged giving and of increased blessing as a result As a result of this conviction and have come from many churches that this action the Laymen's Missionary have put "system in the place of Movement was requested to take at spasm," so that it is not a stretch least three years to cover the counof faith to believe that the united try with the interdenominational concampaign will not only increase ferences. Those scheduled for the

first season are for the most part put into operation' will go far to- east of the Mississippi River, with ward solving the pressing mission- the exception of a series in Califor- ary problems. It will be made clear, nia. Many 0o£: the smaller places, however, that method alone is not that have generally been overlooked sufficient-that only as a deep spiri- A SSTTRRlIKKl/'IlG ARGUMENT FOR HOME MIISSSIONS tual revival and uplift shall come to the churches will they be 1m0 a SOhOowiinnc propotr1Iioo 01 the p~ opuIarioo "'ported u PP….-..-.. Rom.. position to "scale the heights." The CattJh.ooIKIK, "..".d" …. <Oiother".. dch"u,rrddo "…"..".!".n-.".".d" pnro>ppoeortioo IDlOl n~ parted speakers on these teams are secreu d….ch .-…b..beenn. I.. c,o.dd>, ….. .".".d" "..'."..'"..'.r,.. taries of mission boards and kin- PN.:a.W:.wt.d.I "' .. Uu.M…JISsw….t.Cc- ~ dred organizations, prominent pas- tors, laymen and missionaries. The — appeal will also be made through the eye by striking charts which ex- press forcefully the missionary ideals of the Church, the present-day call of the fields and the response that has already been made to the call.

The message of this campaign will be strong and positive. As al- ready intimated, it will be a unified message, presenting the Kingdom outlook rather than the denomina- tional. This should do much to in- crease the unity of the · Christian Church in the accomplishment of its great task. It will also emphasize _ _— a ….—- _ _—— 0— the world-view of missions and the in past campaigns, will be visited. oneness of the campaign–home and By deputation or extension work to foreign.

adjoining territory it is planned to '

carry the message of this united ef- fort to every church in each district, incdluudding the most obscure country parish.

Twenty teams of speakers, with four men on each team, have been organized to conduct these two-day conferences. They will aim to place before the missionary leaders of the local chnrches the immediacy of the present opportunity at home and abroad, the inadequacy of the edu- cational and financial plans ilnl vogue to-day, and the larger plans and bet- HOW TH E lMlEETTHHQODD1IST CAKE ]IS8 CUT ter methods which if adopted and The percentage of missionary gifts used in varioouu!s.

fields "llnnd for administration. .

untie IWUUSSIIQQUURRY aUPlIGI

PIHBB1IIQB ~InSIOI.

– • .t.

.. ~ …. , ..:l.i-.l,f._ .:::,,~.~ ___ la'h•.•• '0,….!a–_…. – …. ~… ~I'U8BOIi!"~ .. ~""" … , •. ,// ~.r'" /")':' su(;;.;;.,…. – ..,.'i.~h 8".!."!.'1~I ~ …,.. .l l …. i:- ……..~. ~/1'"••u •• U .1:. !-… …… ….,.~….. ",. ……"o:rfl!·..

~ eoloWU" … IJ:)~G .,fi.1o••••• / "?U,-'i. _.- – – "~~:-/…… … .. – ….:-…… -hah ,,. -'-C.;;:.hr I ··r, __ ,I too •• a••IIU..l,…. • t ~".l'.l."'lU,. ~J~~a."'.J' ; __ ….. t,…… ' , I … , • I ..U …. .. , , …..,1.."……. -""1111…… "'fI.. …….. .-<<6i–I .•CC11..II''"" "'fI. ann •• •• ,~ Jil1.~.S'. •••• ~:….

,, ""__ll..llrr;j•.•• ••••• 8•.1.•''.*'7t1.1'".0…".'0'.'''.''.00.11''. .••.••t •• 1.. t •, •••I"•_111".11.1.00.. :E . . . . . •• ~ • ••• Ct'U.•••• ', ••••S•' •.ff ~••• I ,n. __ ….. _ …. IU·1 •• ilo. ……….., I . . . "II •••• _ _ ,, ,, Ol'U ••o~ "

MAP SHOWING THE UNITED MISSIONARY CAMPAIGN IN ONE DISTRICT Thi. represents the work of two teams in the Pittsburg Division-Meetings in 70 towns, Oct. 12 to Feb. 18

can do 'T/Je

Is mope than PPC!}' R..ESOURCES OF GOD MOST WORTH AFTER LIVING TO HIM ARE PROMISED WHOSE You have ppoyed: ONLY TO mOSE But you cannot WORK do mope than »Pay WHO UNDERTAKE Is MOST WORTH UNTIL 'T6e WHILE You have Ppayed· PROGRAM OF GOD – ~ 1~ " -~' – THEWORLDFORC~T THIS IS STEWARDSHIP IN THIS GENERATION GT~E~HNIEE~ROAN11L0YN I WE PRAY I~:~g: =iE~~~ST8 I~ will· place· no·value· on· I STUDY I. THE WORD OF GOD anything· I· have· 2. THE fACTS OF MISSIONS op .may· possess· except· in· PLAN I~::w:J~T relation· to .the .

I GIVE I.PIIIlI'OIITIIIImvlIIIwEELv CAN REACH KINGDOM rf CHRIST 2:EVERY ONE Of YOO- IJavid Livingstone I SERVE I. GOD BY HELPING UEN 2. AT HOME AND ABROAD The NOT file .FiPst WOPl( LIGHT How much of of the My Money will THAT SHINES WHOLE CHURCH I give to God .FARRTJIfEESSTf IS TO GIVE THE SHINES BUT GOSPEL BRIGHTEST How much of God"s Money to the NEAREST HOME wiilllII kkeeep – WHOLE WORLD – .- ,~, ~ 3 – fop mysellf MOTTOES USED IN THE UNITED MISSIONARY CAMPAIGN

THE CHURCH IN

The message will be inspirational, must have a share in this great unpresenting with stirring effect the dertaking. momentous facts of the missionary enterprise. As the late Dr. A. T. The message will be strong and Pierson said, "facts are the fuel of posit'lVe, and not apologetic. The day the missionary fire." Men who know for apologizing for missions, thank the facts and have seen the victories God, is passed, and passed forever. of the Church at work on our fron- The appeal in this campaign, if it is tiers, in our cities, among the immi- to win, must be of a virile character grants-who have witnessed the and must appeal to the heroic and darkness of heathenism illuminated sacrificial. The Christian men of by the light of the Gospel-are the America do not ask an easy taskones who will present the message it would make no appeal to them. so that there should be a great con- They have not lost the fire and heroflagration as a result of this cam- ism of their ancestors, nor has the paign. iron departed from their blood. What challenge is there to-day compared It is also to be a very practical to the missionary challenge to rally message. Too often have men been such men for a vigorous worldsatisfied with mere inspiration with- campaign? out action. Because a great address has been delivered and the hearers Is it too much to expect that this have appeared to be mightily moved kind of message, appealing as it in spirit, it has been taken for grant- must to all that is high and holy ed that the victory is won. But sad and heroic, will find a ready response experience has taught that inspira- in the hearts of a host of devoted· tion, without a considerable amount men and women? May we not beof perspiration, does not win the lieve that under the leadership of battle. Those who have to stay at the divine Son of God they will home have something to. do for the hasten to obey the summons to' the salvation of our great cities, for the conquest of a world? If that shall redemption of aur beloved land, and be the outcome then our generation for the evangelization of the world. may expect to see the accomplish- How shall they do it? A program ment of the mighty task to which of prayer and of ~ducation, a pro- our great Captain and Leader has gram of finance and of service, will called us. Then "He shall see of the be strest 1mtil every man who travail of His soul and shall be hears the message will feel that he sa tisfied."

Features of a Standard The Every-Member The Every-Meritber Mi••ionary Church C a n v a. .- H o w ? Canvass-Why 1. A Missionary Pastor. 1. Conduct educational cam- 1. The only method that en- Z. A Missionary Committee. Z. HpoaI :rnm• en's supper. lists entire membership. 3. A Missionary Sunday- 3. Exhibit church statistics. Z. Compels personal consid- 4. Set financial goal eration of duty. school S. Appoint canvassing com.. 3. Suppleatiftlts public in- 4. A Program of Prayer for mittee structiQn. Kiasions. 6. Canvass membership. 4. Increase. nlUllbet'· of 5. S),stematic Missionary W A. Goin Two by Two givers. '. Educltticm. S. Increases pll -6iterim;s. 6. An Annual Every-Member B. For eekty Offering v..lIii10£~rs. 7. Adopt Duplex envelape 67.. DReecvlealimop'Ss . ember•. CanvalS for :Misaions. S. Report progress often. S. Promote" f~I?:"Ftf'~.~, 7. The Weekly Offering for 9. Complete canvass soon.

Miseions.

METHODS FOR WORKERS AT

CONDUCTED BY BELLE M. BRAIN, SCHENECTADY, NEW YORK MISSIONARY SUGGESTIONS FOR CHRISTMAS PROGRAMS IGHTLY viewed, ceiving at the Christmas entertain- ment rather than the blessedness of ImiRI Christmas is the most giving. Now, however, a gradual distinctively mission- change is being effected along this line. In an increasing number of ary holiday of the year, and should be kept as such by Sun- schools what is known as a "giving day-schools, Young People's Socie- Christmas" has become the rule, i. e., ties and missionary organizations of a Christmas in which the children every description. The angelic mes- bring gifts to the Lord Jesus to sage of the first Christmas day, "Be- supply the wants of His poor and hold, I bring you good tidings of needy ones at home, and extend His great joy, which shall be to ALL kingdom throughout the whole earth.

THE PEOPLE," has a distinct mis- It is to be hoped that the old-fash- sionary note which should always be ioned "receiving Christmas" will sounded. soon be a thing of the past~at least The Christmas missionary meeting in every well-to-do school.

should be the brightest and best of A Novel Christmas Entertainment the year. The room should be decorated with Christmas greens, the At the missionary conferences of program be made attractive with the Missionary Education Movement music and other special features ap- held at Silver Bay last July, the Rev. propriate to the great day, and George F. Sutherland, secretary of through it all should run a note of the Department of Missionary Edugood will to men and joyous thanks- cation in the Methodist Episcopal giving to God for the unspeakable Church, told of a novel Christmas gift of His Son. entertainment given by the Sunday- Special emphasis should also be school of Christ Methodist Episcopal Church in Madison, New Jersey, a placed on the giving. It is an almost suburb of New York, at which gifts universal custom to give gifts to persons on their birthdays, yet on were brought for foreign missions as Christ's· birthday the majority of well as the work nearer home. Christians have fallen into the The idea of a giving Christmas strange habit of giving gifts to one another and forgetting all about Him. was new in this school, and at first there was a good deal of opposition This has been especially true in the on the part of the teachers, on the Sunday~school where the children ground that the children would be of· well-to-do parents, already' sur- . disappointed if they did not receive feited with gifts and goodies at home, the usual gifts of candy and toys have been taught the pleasure of re- from the tree. Finally a compromise was effected. All the gifts were for Christmas dinners for the poor, they some form of missionary work, but came in a few at a til!1e with their there was a social gathering after guns. One boy happening along the program, at which ice cream was who had not been present when the served. plan was agreed on, the whole thing had to be explained to him. He im- T~ere was a Christmas tree gaily mediately went back to get his gun. decorated as in former years. But On his return the whole class went instead of having a lot of gifts out the side door of the church, fired around the tree, the children brought off a few blank cartridges, and came the gifts themselves, each class hav- back with a dozen rabbits! It was ing decided beforehand what the na- great fun for the boys. They seemed ture of its contribution should be. to think it about the biggest thing The program consisted largely of they had ever accomplished. "stunts" performed by the various classes in presenting their gifts. A class of j uriior girls, wearing sunbonnets like -farmers' lasses, The Men's Bible Class having brought in potatoes; another, with agreed upon mittens, socks and the girls drest in the quaint cosstockings, each man carried a paste- tume of the maid on Baker's Chocoboard box containing either a dozen late, gave packages of chocolate. A or a half dozen of whichever he had third carried in a large wooden box elected to give. of "Shredded Wheat," and made clever use of Shredded Wheat adver- A class of senior boys gave a tisements. barrel of apples which they rolled onto the platform themselves. A _ class of little girls from the Primary Department gave cans of A class of intermediate girls pre- Campbell Soup. They were drest pared a dinner for a poor family. as "Campbell Kids" and recited Before presenting it they gave a little Campbell Soup verses. dialog on the platform, in which they discust what they should- give The program closed with a tableau and how it should be prepared. by the Beginners' Department. The children were drest ready for bed, A class of senior girls packed a and had their stockings filled with box for a hospital in China contain- oranges, their contribution to the ing bedding, bandages and a little Christmas party. table linen. Representing themselves to be a class of Chinese girls on the With the exception of the gifts Pacific Coast, they gave a clever for China and some supplies for poor little dialog in which the needs and families in Madison, everything was conditions of the Chinese people were shipped that night to Newark, New clearly set forth. Jersey, the nearest point of need, to be used in City Mission Work. A class of intermediate boys brought a rabbit apiece (not live It proved a most interesting and ones, of course) which they pre- profitable entertainment, and was sented in a novel manner. Trans- voted a great success by the entire forming the platform into a street school. "Gee! that was a lot better corner where they had agreed to meet to go hunting to get rabbits for

than candy," was the enthusiastic year to a Home in North CarOlina, comment of one small boy. nothing but money was asked for at A Home Missionary Entertainment this time. Each class was allowed The Sunday-school of the First to select its own special object for Baptist Church, Bennington, Ver- its gifts, but was asked to keep that mont, gave a very successful and object a secret.

helpful Home Missionary Christmas On the platform stood a Christmas entertainment last Christmas, prepa- tree, beautiful in its living green, but rations for which began with Rally devoid of decorations of any kind.

Day. Mrs. Alfred S. Davis told At the appointed time representatives the story at Silver Bay last July. of the classes came forward, one at On Raily Day, held in the previous a time, and hung on the tree some October, .each class was asked to article typical of the special object drop into a box a sealed "Declaration they had chosen, their contribution of Purpose;" i. e., a sealed envelop being concealed within it. The audi- eOhtairiing a statement of something ence was then asked to guess what definite tne class had decided to ~t­ the object was.

tempt along the line of home mission- Among the articles hung on the ary work ·during the three months tree were the following: Small toy ~nding with Christmas. ship (Immigrant work); doll drest At the Christmas entertainment as an immigrant with an immigrant's one feature of the program was the pack (also Immigrant work); toy opening of this box. The envelops car (chapel-car work); Eskimo doll were handed back to the classes and (Alaska); black Dinah ( Freedmen's a representative of each was called to work) ; Indian moccasins, Indian doll, the platform to read its "Declaration and Indian canoe (offerings from of Purpose" and testify as to whether three different classes for the North or no the class had lived up to it. American Indians) .

Some of the classes had agreed to The school is not a large one and raise money for various phases of only the Intermediate and Adult De- home missionary work; one had partments participated (the Primary promised $25 for new books for the and Junior Departments held their Sunday-school library; another had festivities on an afternoon during decided to visit the inmates of the the week following Christmas), yet Poor Farm and read and sing to the contributions amounted to $28.

them and keep them supplied with After the program there were games, papers, magazines and books. All guessing contests and refreshments.

the classes had done well and made In larger schools where foreign a very creditable showing. missions are included also, a great Another feature of the program variety of objects might be used.

was the presenting of gifts to the For China, a small Chinese lantern, Lord Jesus on His birthday for the a shoe or a doll would be appro- extension of His kingdom in needy priate; for Japan, a lantern, parasol, parts of the home mission field. As or bunch of chrysanthemums or the school sends large boxes of cherry blossoms made out of paper; clothing and other supplies every for Turkey, a candy box in the shape

METHODS FOR WORKERS AT HOME 9

uf a Thanksgiving turkey; for Siam, guided parents; war, slavery, opa small white elephant; for Africa, pression and other sorrows prevalent a miniature grass hut; for Egypt, in Palestine and elsewhere). a pyramid; for India, a doll; for ., 2. The expected Redeemer, the Korea, a model of a Korean hat; Hope of the Hebrews. for medical missions, a doll drest as a nurse, a model of a hospital or 3. Annunciation of the Shepherds a tiny satchel such as many doctors and birth of Christ, the Light of the carry.

The idea of the sealed "Declaration of Purpose" couullcd! be used to induce the children to make Christmas offerings of time and talents to the Lord, the classes being asked to drop their sealed envelops into a box at the Christmas entertainment, the opening to be a feature of the proggrraa:m of Easter Sunday oOrf Children's Day.

PrrOo.lfrraamms for Christmas Sunday CHINESE cCoOsSrTUUMMEES FOR MiUISSSSIIOONNARY SUNDAY (For a full description of these pro- World. When the birth of Christ grams, see Sunday School Times for was announced a small electric bulb, connected with a dry battery, flashed ccrf 22, 1913.) out its light on the map at Bethlehem In the Bedford Presbyterian Bible in Judea. School of Brooklyn, New York, it is the custom to combine Christmas 4. Purpose of Christ's coming and with missions in the program on His farewell message:' to His follow- Christmas Sunday. Variety and ers to be "angels" bearing the Christnovelty, Christmas joy and earnest mas message to all the world. missionary purpose have been combined with great success. Outlines 5.' Gradual spread of the Light of three programs used in this school around the little land of Palestine, in recent years are herewith given. w'hile most of the world remained in 1I. "The Light of the World." For darkness. th'is program, a large map of the world was hung on the wall and an 6. Lands where missionaries have appropriate talk was given on the carried the Gospel, planted schools world as it was in the time of Christ and as it is now, the whole being made effective by the use of small electric lights.. The outline of the talk was as follows: I. Vivid pictures of the darkness and evil · in the world when Christ came (ignorance of children, their neglect or murder by cruel or mis-

and hospitals .and won converts to the actual testimonies of real con- Christ. At the mention of each verts given in the Assembly Herald field an electric light flashed out on the for December, 1gog. They came ma,p until it was dotted all over. most realistically, like voices from far away, and were very impressive. 7. The need of the world to-day. The testimonies included those from In token of our appreciation of His Kim Sung Suk, Taiku, Korea; Christmas gift, God asks .its. to Elishua of Degala, Persia; Engsih of make Christmas offerings in order Ningpo, China; Matias Jaucian of the that the news of Christ's coming Philippines; Muragishi of Japan; may be carried to those who are still Yeshwant from Kolhapur, India; in darkness-as the angels carried and Senora Margarita of Chile. the news to the Shepherds. In connection with each of these II. "Christmas in Many Lands." three programs there was, of course, For this program members of the a missionary offering, each class beschool were asked to recite, in cos- ing allowed to select its own object tume, stories of how Christmas is and what it should give. Some gave celebrated in non-Christian lands. dolls to hospitals in the city, others The recitations were taken from the gave money to Water Street Mis- Assembly Herald for December, sion, New York; to a hospital in 1909, and were as follows: "Christ- China; to the lepers in India; to the mas in Pyeng Yang, Korea"; "How work in Korea; to missions among the Poo Ying Boys Had a Merry the North American Indians; or the Christmas (China)"; "Christmas at mountaineers of the Southland. A Ludhiana, India"; "Merry Christmas variety of obj ects was suggested by at Elat, West Africa"; "Christmas in the missionary committee and a few the Philippines" ; "Christmas in of the classes gave to missions in Brazil." which they had been interested all the year. The Christian idea of Christmas was emphasized rather than folklore The Missionary Christmas is voted celebrations. The interest was un- the very best kind of a Christmas in wavering and a deep missionary im- Bedford Bible School and it is hoped pression was made. THE MISSION- and expected that the interest awak- ARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD and ened will not only result in present other mIssIonary magazines have good, through broadened vision and published from time to time suitable enlarged hearts, but that some of material for programs such as this. the members will form the purpose The costumes may either be made to go themselves as missionaries of or may be rented from the mission Christ in response to His last comboards or the Missionary Education mand. Movement. A Mid·Summer Christmas III. "Christmas Messaflcs from Heathen Lands." This program con- When Christmas comes many a sisted of recitations .by boy~ and girls missionary organization· finds itself from the· schoo!' in costume, imper- wishing it could do something ~or sonating Qonverts from heathenism in the children of missionary lands who mission lands. The recitations were have no Christmas at all save as 'the

METHODS FOR WORKERS AT

missionaries provide it for them with Episcopal hospital at Seoul (see gifts sent for the purpose by friends "The Happiest Girl in Korea," by in the home land. But it is too late. Minerva L. Guthapfel, chapter I) Anything done along this line must would be excellent to use in this be done long months before Christ- connection. So also would "Tired mas. It takes so long to prepare of Missions."* a dialog by Kaththings and send them to the foreign arine Young Thaxter, which treats field. of a band of young women who be- came tired of missions and voted At Silver Bay last July, Mr. Harry to give up the work they had been S. Myers, of the Missionary Educa- doing, among other things the prepation Movement, told how one school ration of a box of Christmas gifts for solved the problem by holding a a mission school in Japan. The Christmas entertainment in July! second scene pictures the dismay of There was an interesting program the missionaries and the disappointand a tree on which the children ment of the children when word is hung things to be sent to a mission- received that no box will be sent ary to provide Christmas gifts for that year. the little children under her care. When the real Christmas came, six A c::;bristmas Candle Talk months later, there was joy in that school over the thought of how happy Like Charles H. Spurgeon of Lonthey were making the children over don, Mr. Charles H. Yatman, the the sea. evangelist, has often given a "Candle Sermon" which has delighted thou- Schools adopting this plan would sands of people. Somewhat enlarged do well to make an announcement of to make it more distinctively misit at their Christmas celebrations in sionary, Mr. Yatman's sermon makes December, as it takes some time to a fine talk for a Christmas program. dress dolls and make and collect other things suitable for the purpose. An assortment of candles of all Nothing of the kind must be attempt- sizes and many colors, representing ed, however, without first writing to different characters and races, should the denominational mission board to be provided and kept in concealment ask where such a box would be ac- until it is time to introduce them ceptable and just what to put in it. to the audience. If it is not possible Things that make acceptable gif,,, to provide candlesticks for so many in one field might not do at all in candles, they can be !'astened singly another, and the cost of duty and or in small groups to inexpensive tin transportation make it imperative pie plates by holding a lighted match that nothing be sent that is useless. for a moment under the lower end [Directions for packing and sending of the candle and letting a few drops such boxes were given at length in of the wax fall onto the plate. If THE MISSIONARY REVIEW for Sep- the candle is immediately placed on tember; 1903, pages 682-684.] these drops of wax, it will harden at The st~ry of Oak-pun-ie, the little *"Tir,ed of Missions," by Katharine Y-oung, crippled 'girl Who found such joy Thaxter. Woman's North Pacific Presbyterian in a Christmas tree in the Methodist Board of Missions, Portland, Ore.

once and remain in place. The can- if desired, those suggested by local conditions being especially desirable. dles must not be placed too close For example, if a missionary has gone out from the church or school, together on the tin plates as the heat there should be a candle to represent him (or her) and a special set of will make them melt. candles to represent the people among whom he is at work. There should be candles to repre- No one should attempt to give sent the following characters: this talk who is not familiar with giving object talks to children and The Primary Class in the Sunday- every precaution should be taken school and teachers (a group of against fire. little candles with several large ones). Sugge.tion. for the Chri.tmaa Program Miss Fairface from Fifth Avenue (a candle beautifully decorated in There is no lack of appropriate colors and gilt). material for every part of the Christ- Tommy Dirt from Tangle-foot Alley (a candle much smeared with mas mISSiOnary program. Here is a soot). list of some of it that may prove Jim Worst, the drunkard (a large white candle cut almost, but not helpful: quite, through to the wick in sections about an inch long, so that Scripture Lesson. "The First it will be unsteady like a drunken man). Christmas Gifts." There are many Topsy (a black candle); passages of Scripture appropriate for Mr. Turnback (a candle with a very short wick, that will burn only the Christmas meeting, but none a short time) . Mr. Preach-the-Gospel (a large more so than Matt. 2: I-II, with candle to represent a missionary). special emphasis on verse I r. The A group of yellow candles, some story of the presentation of the large, some small, to represent the gifts of the Wise Men to the infant Chinese; of black ones, for the natives of Africa; of red ones for the Savior as told in "Ben Hur," book North American Indians; of brown I, chapter 14, makes an excellent ones for the Japanese, Siamese, or South Sea Islanders. Brown and reading to use in connection with black candles must be painted, as this Scripture Lesson.

they can not be bought. Prayer. "A Christmas Gift of "Shining for Jesus" is the topic Prayer for ." In December, of the talk accompanying the candles, 1889, the Rev. James S. Dennis, D.D., the object being to show, by lighting contributed an article to "Woman's the candles, one at a time, that all Work" entitled "A Christmas Gift classes of people, large and small, of Prayer for Syria," that being the rich and poor, rio matter where they month of prayer for Syria in the live or what their color, can become calendar of the Presbyterian Church. followers of Jesus and shine· for This makes a beautiful and sug- Him. By letting one candle light gestive title to give to the Christmas another, the lesson that one person can lead another to Christ may~lso service of prayer, the topic for be imprest. prayer in other denominations for Other characters can be introduced December being substituted for Syria.

Music. In addition to the carols

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"PLEASE GO SHARES" Inca Melody Harmonized by Charles Gardner ~~~~I+'' I+ ~=Jf: ~:~ ffi ..J.-:-a<9- tff;=EE;~L-• b:~ –=~ -=– :~ -p1 –:..: =+= _ –~I-•— ~+.— t–=–=—l1i– – —4 – – —_ -,-<–~-~ I – + ~ ~or~ -=1- :1- -1- —=====+= ff–=-=-rs=:":c" t-=-=–=~+l -~w==-t=~ =-Ij~=I=I~.=.~-==~-=1 t-=~9 -t=.==9~Er.II ..-=~~.!– .I1·.-II~~ ,I-l- — -~..II '- ===– — I=-~ III~·='–£r~.~ L-"y~ '=- -_—.=-_J~_-I~ l=_ =~==_~==I_D ~~~==D SONG OF THE BROWN CHILDREN SONG OF THE WHITE CHILDREN We have heard of Santa Claus, Listen, Iudian girls and boys I We will answer to your song, We, the children of Peru; We should like a Christmas, too- We are happy all day long, Please go shares with yours! Not because of books and toys, We have heard of pretty toys, But because of Christ above, We, the children of Peru; He who loves us one and all; We should like some playthings, too- He who sees the sparrow's fall, Tho we're only Indian boyyss_, He who makes us love.

We have heard of do1ies, too, I forgot vou did not know- We, the brown-skinned Indian girls, But He loves you same as me; With our black and tangled curls- Wants you good and glad to be; We should like to play with you. Vants you like Himself to grow.

We have heard of play-books, too, lOU shaall1l share our books and toys, We, the boys who can not spell: You shall love our Jesus, too; Happy English children telI- We will all be friends with you, Shaall1l we ever be like you? 'Cause we love you Indian boysl and Christmas hymns found in every Hawaii; "Arabic Jubilee," a sweet hymn-book, it would be well to make and plaintive Arabic air with the use of Christmas music from the words, "Hark, the Herald Angels mission field. In "Peru, Its Story, Sing," in English; and "Aya Isa, People and Religion," by Geraldine Yar, Sade Pas," a Punjabi Christmas Guinness, page 145, there is a native hymn used as a carol by the natives Inca melody with English words, en- of JulIunder, India, one Christmas titled "Please Go Shares!" which when they came from the surroundwould make a fine number for the ing villages and encamped in tents Christmas program in the Sunday- in order to spend Christmas with school. In "Music from the Mission the missionaries. Field" (United Society of Christian Endeavor, Tremont Temple, Boston, A Christmas Impersonation. "God's Mass., price IO cents) there are three Christmas Gift," the story of Soo- Christmas numbers that could be boonagam AmmaIl, a high-caste used in any society: "Hele I Ke Hindu girl who left her home on Kula," a Christmas hymn from Christmas night because she was not allowed to worship God, and took

refuge with Miss Grace Stevens, a [See the Sunday School Times, Demissionary of the Methodist Church cember 14, 1912.] in Madras, would make a fine impersonation for the Christmas meet- "A Hungry Christmas," an expeing, especially of a young woman's rience of David Livingstone in circle. It is a wonderful story that Africa. [See "Last Journals of never fails to make a deep impres- David Livingstone," entry of Decemsion and should be given by a good ber 25, 1866.] speaker, a singer if possible, drest in native costume. [A condensed ac- "Christmas with Formosan Headcount of the story of Sooboonagam Hunters." [See "From Far Formay be found in THE MISSIONARY mosa," by George Leslie Mackay, pages 262-264.] REVIEW for December, 1903. The costume is easily managed and costs "Christmas Among the Lepers of Chandag," an account of a Christbut little. [See "Oriental Costumes mas spent with Mary Reed by Doc- tor Martha Sheldon. rSee "Life of and How to Make Them," price 5 Mary Reed," by John Jackson.] cents, Woman's Baptist Foreign Mis- "A Christmas Feast on Tanna," slOnary Society, Ford Building, Bos- how Christmas was kept on the ton, Mass.] island of Tanna, where John G. Paton did his first work in the New Christmav' Readings and Stories. Hebrides. [See "Lomai of Lenakel," Wherever the missionary goes he by Frank H. L. Paton.] takes Christmas with him, sometimes a Christmas of gift-making and "Christmas in the Grenfell COUl,- feasting, always a Christmas where try," how Grenfell and his associates Christ is proclaimed as on the first play Santa Claus to the children who Christmas Day. True stories of the live in little huts scattered up amI sacrifices great mIssIOnaries have down the Labrador Coast. [See "The made to preach the Gospel on Christ- Congregationalist and Christian mas day where Christ is not known, iVork." December J2, 1912.] and accounts of Christmas festivals in mission schools should form a "What the Reindeer Brought," a large part of the Christmas program. brief story of a Christmas in Alaska Here is a list of some of the material where Santa Claus visited the homes available along this line: of the boys and girls in a mission school in a real sleigh drawn by "How Twenty Islands Heard the real reindeer. [See "Adventures Gospel," a story of Doctor Coke's with Four-Footed Folk," Revell, first Christmas in the West India Islands. [See the Sunday Sclzool "What Christmas Brought to Motk Times, December 14, 1912.] Sen," a beautiful and touching story of the leper discovered in Syracuse, "Making A Plum-pudding Under New York, and how a ministering Difficulties," how Hannington kept angel in the form of a Christian Christmas in Central Africa. [See woman led him to Christ and made life of Hannington by either Dawson Christmas a joy to him. rSee the or Berry.] Sunday School Times, May 17, "A Christmas with Cannibals," 19 13. ] Christmas, 1814, when Samuel Mars- The Printed Program. If printed den preached the Gospel for the first time to the Maoris of New Zealand. programs are to be used, try print- ing them on the back of either Brown or Perry pictures of some scene in the life of Christ or on some Orient picture appropriate to the Christmas season. If it costs too much to print them, the work can be done on a mimeograph nearly as effectively.

THE UNCHANGEABLE IN CHINA*

BY REV. ARTHUR H. SMITH, D.D. Author of "China and America To·day/' uChina in Convulsion." etc.

Adminiatrative Change. with such an innate, developed, and IOIiF. all the r.ecent adminis- confirmed respect for law, have in trative changes in China practise never been able to keep order the one of most practi- throughout the whole empire. Some- cal importance to the where a rebellion was always in evi- people is doubtless that dence, appearing, or perhaps just dis- by which the local ma- appearing. Piracy on the seacoast gistrates are no longer men from a and brigandage inland have been at distance, but, generally speaking, are certain seasons the normal conditions natives of the province itself. They of almost every province, but of deal with a local council called an I some far more than of others.

Shih Hui. This body, the constitu- The "quiet anarchy" which has tion of which differs widely in dif- been remarked during the past year ferent places, is in reality a close has always existed in China, and we corporation which can often (but not may add will exist, until the grave eco- always) neutralize the actions of the nomic problems of this great land and district magistrate, and in many cases great people find some approach to (but not by any means in all) can solution. And this will be true in the force him out of office. Thus for the future as it has been in the past, quite first time in the age-long history of independent of the form of· govern- China is most realized the ancient ment. It is an ominous sign that the dictum of the book of history, that bomb which exploded at the railway "the people are the root of the station in Peking in 1905. upon the country." It is, unhappily, necessary occasion of the departure of the to add that if, as not infrequently commission to study constitutional happens, the scheming and evil ele- government abroad, has been fol- ments always found in organized lowed at frequent intervals by similar society are predominant, the I Shih attacks upon public men with this and Hui only established a new form of with other weapons. Political mur- social and political tyranny which can ders have become endemic ln' China, neither be resisted nor overthrown, which in this respect at least may be the monarchial King Log being re- said to have become thoroughly mod- placed by the republican King Stork. ernized.

On the other hand, if the local coun- The administration of the provin- cil really responds to and' represents cial governments and of their. sub- the popular will, the latter have at a divisions, always complex, has under bound practically attained complete the republic become far more so self-government. It is one of the than ever before. The old titles of historic puzzles of China that a people office are almost entirely abolished, *Conc1usjon of Chapter I in th~ China Mission Year Book for 1913,

and new ones have sprung into portance. The traffic on this route, general use, which often turn out to both passenger and freight, is heavy, ~e those current in ancient dynasties, and is rapidly increasing. The ·man- such as Tutu for governor. The agement of all the rail lines leaves civil and the military in this period of much to be desired, especially in the transition are no longer strictly de- item of responsibility for freight and limited. Prefectural and sub-prefect- for luggage, for the convenience and ural cities (fu and chou) as well as the comfort of the passengers, and the peculiar class known as t'ing, are for the sale of through tickets on all to be abolished, which must in- connecting lines with adequate trans- volve the renaming of many cities. fer facilities. Some of these greatly I n some provinces, as Shansi, this needed improvements we are told are seems to have been alr~ady accom- already on the way, tho most of plished, but for some unexplained rea- them appear to be coming by "slow son in others little or nothing has freight." been heard of it. The laws of the great pure dynasty are (theoretically) The growth of the Chinese postal no longer in force, but as no code, service continues to be phenomenal and especially no criminal code, has and satisfactory, altho the slow rouyet been adopted to take its place, de- tine of official publication does not cisions are at the discretion of the even yet afford later statistics than magistrate, with results upon which as to the close of 19II, at which time yet it is difficult to generalize with the service was maintained, and safety. There is a (theoretical) rev- throughout the revolution, with surolution also in the methods of the prizing efficiency. . In a country like collection or taxes, of reckoning cash China where comparative promptness into silver, and the like, but in this and reasonable security have been al- (as in everything else), there is no most unattainable, the registered letuniformity. ter and parcels post are peculiarly prized. Its postal improvements ex- Financial Problems hibit perhaps the most impressive progress which China has made dur- " For many months together scarcely ing the past 16 years. Another half any provincial funds were remitted to generation will doubtless witness such Peking, the general government being an expansion as now appears incredcompelled to depend upon small loans, ible. The new government has shown and to subsist mainly upon the in- its wisdom in its reduction of the come of the state railroads, which has previously almost prohibitory telebeen maintained at a gratifyingly graph tariff, and, more recently, cable high figure. Railways have now be- rates. Currency reform, the promise come thoroughly naturalized in China, of which was so cordially welcomed and generally speaking they are every- in the British and the American treawhere welcomed. The long expected ties of I I years ago, seems even opening last December of the farther away than it did then. There through line from Tientsin to Pukow are as many varieties of dollars and on the Yang-tze, with the magnifI- as many kinds of taels as ever, and cent bridge over the Yellow River at there is the same thorny jungle of Lokow, was an event of national im-

THE UNCHANGEABLE IN CHINA

"exchange," whether in Chinese cash- western world is overflowing. But shops, in mercantile establishments, national pride and universal distrust or in the foreign banks, with their prevent.

time-honored tormula: "Heads I win, The Chinese Golden Fleece taels you lose." It may be necessary A syndicate of syndicates checked to keep accounts in taels, in some of by adequate international guaranties, the numerous kinds of dollars, in employing Chinese labor and Chinese silver fractional currency, in ten-cash skill as a medium, might conceivably copper pieces, and in brass cash, until within the compass of two generations in his hopeless (and helpless) be- make China the richest country that wilderment, resident and traveler is or was, but at present the capture alike learns, more or less successfully, of the golden fleece, or the com- to take joyfully the spoiling of his mercialization of the fruit of the goods. Customs returns and trade garden of the Hesperides would not statistics alike exhibit the wonderful be more impracticable. In the mean- business vitality and the recuperative time the lucid report of the Central power of the Chinese people. Good China Famine Relief Committee is a government, with an honest and an finger-post pointing to the line along impartial dispensation of justice under which China must grope her way if a code of laws approved by Chinese she aspires ever to reconstruct the public sentiment, would within a prevailing discordant relations be- measurable time make China one of tween heaven, earth and man.

the great countries of the earth. The Every province in China is urgently unending problem of how to deal in need of modern science applied to with famine conditions in China natural resources, the control of oppresses China itself, and more par- rivers, the dredging of harbors, the ticularly foreigners in China, with its afforestation of mountains, the im- deadly and its accumulating weight. provement of seed, the intelligent and Scientific surveys of famine areas, systematic acclimatization of new like that of Mr. Jameson in central plants, the recovery of exhausted China, serve to show the stupendous soils, the conquests of soda-flats, and magnitude of the treatment necessary a hundred other like enterprises. By to adequate control of China's rain- these means in some future genera.

fall. Yet within a few decades the tion, the "farmers of forty centuries"

vast sums required to accomplish this will for the first time reap the due re- would all come back in bountiful and ward of their unmatched patience, uninterrupted harvests. Two deadly perseverance, and industry.

deficiencies, however, render China at In connection with the struggle present as incapable of escaping such against famine, it is worthy of men- calamities as of neutralizing the law tion that the practical introduction of of gravitation. There is no available the Red Cross Society is an event of funded capital, and there is no mutual international importance, which will confidence. There is also a third be better appreciated by the Chinese lack, that of scientific knowledge, when they shall have learned to bring altho this might be remedied by bor- its administration into line with that rowing the experience with which the of the most advanced Western na-

tions. There is in China great apti- ence which met in Peking in 191 I, and tude for this type of work, and there again the following year, attended by is a universal and an overwhelming representatives from all the provinces, need. Through the Red Cross organ- decided that to require school children ization the numerous existing chari- to memorize the classical books before ties of China, so many of which have they are old enough to understand but recently lost their income and are them is contrary to the principles of falling into desuetude, might be re- modern pedagogy, and that with the incarnated and might become a na- introduction of the new subjects the tional blessing. children can not afford the time to commit the classics to memory. The The political uncertainties of the course of study for the middle and past year have prevented any note- higher schools has not been issued, worthy progress in Chinese govern- so that we do not definitely know ment education, if indeed there has what the government intends to do 110t been serious retrogression. Wide in them, but it is probable that the regions often have no pretense of any Chinese classics will find a place in primary schools except of the old the course of study when the minds type, and in other places while the of the students are mature enough to old is tabooed, the new is practically understand them.* The important non-existent, or might better be so. bearing of this policy upon the moral Callow youths are turned out by the education of the Chinese people is "short-cut" normal schools (which obvious, and must more and more bemight better be styled abnormal) to come an object of serious discussion. pretend to teach subjects which they The experiment in Japan in relaxing themselves have not half mastered, to moral restraints without replacing scholars who have not half learned them by religious influences ought how to study anything. not be disregarded in China. The long predicted time when the Chinese, Educational Changes or the directive part of them are more ready to change than to conserve, has The old learning is hopelessly already arrived. The city walls of gone, and the new has not come Canton, Shanghai, and Hangchow, are to fill its place. In many of the in process of demolition. New gates higher institutions culminating with are opened at the corners of the walls the Peking University, there is a of the capitals of Shantung, and of mischievous theory of authorized li- Szechwan, and perhaps elsewhere. cense under the name of liberty, The walls of the Imperial City in which makes both the principal and Peking have had many openings made the professors subject alike to the in them without gates, for the public "referendum" and to the "recall," convenience. The large plaza bedemoralizing the whole process of tween the Forbidden City and the education and boding ill for its future. great Front Gate (Ch'ien Men) is The Board of Education, itself in a now open to public traffic. Markettransition state, has seemed to be unable or unwilling to cope with the "See a letter by Mr. Fong F. Sec in the Chinese new conditions. Recorder, December, 1912, The Central Educational Confer-

THE UNCHANGEABLE IN

places for the people, and even parks, cultural China can not be squared are projected in parts of Peking once with solar months, for in China semi-sacrosanct. The Temple of "month" and "moon" are synonymous Heaven and that of Agriculture have terms. It is indeed the finest example been employed as spacious fair- and proof of the proverbial constancy grounds, and the complaints against of the moon that despite republican such "desecration" have come mainly insults she continues to shine on as if from foreigners. It is certainly desir- rothing had happened.

able that adequate police protection Changing the Unchangeable should be afforded to such memorials of an epoch gone by, that they may The disappearance of the Chinese be kept in a state of suitable preser- queue has been very gradual and in- vation for generations yet to come. complete, and despite ill-advised In all parts of China magistrates are orders from military sources leading clearing out temples to be used as to blackmail, terrorism, and violence, public schools, and are diverting the this appendage may be said to be temple lands to their support, with or throughout rural China very deeply without the consent of the people. In rooted. Even where it has been re- many instances the people them5elve~ moved it is frequently laid carefully take the lead, and the magistrates away, so that when there comes offer no opposition. At the New another political overturn it can be Year season the police in Peking deftly tied on again. In northern (and elsewhere) forbade the explo- Kiangsu and in southern Shantung sion of firecrackers as an obsolete fhe saying went: superstition calculated to excite ridi- Yu-liao pien-tzu pu hao hun; cule abroad, and to alarm the people Ch'u-liao pien-tzu p'a Chang Hsun. at home who might mistake them for "One can't subsist if still he wears a a revolutionary attack! queue, The movement toward a revived Yet fears without it what Chang Hsun Buddhism (if such there be) is prob- may do."

ably mainly a device of the priests Kneeling is practically out of fash- to save their revenues. In the south ion, but some magistrates require priests and nuns alike have been un- litigants who have not changed their ceremoniously expelled from their style of hair-dressing to kneel, while monasteries and advised to "go others are allowed to stand. The home." pretty Manchu curtsey is gone, or at The Western Calendar is thorough- least rapidly going, and the indis- ly established in official use, but the pensable kotow is needed no longer, people at large almost entirely dis- but is generally, as in western lands, regard it, and will have none of it. regarded as a mark of intolerable How is it possible for Chinese to get servility. In certain circles hand- on with no knowledge of when the ~haking has become nearly universal, first and the fifteenth days of the but the Chinese have not yet learned moon are to falJ? The three day or that the guest should be allowed his five day markets so intimately inter- choice of forms. As in the troubled Voven with the greater part of agri- wake of the French Revolution titles

are for the most part abolished. Yuan since, of whom much more will be Shih-kai, Dr. Sun Wen, any official of heard later. Chinese lady physicians any rank, any man in general, "the and trained nurses are everywhere in butcher, the baker, the candle-stick demand at dazzling salaries, and the maker," the blind beggar on .the supply is infinitesimal. The education street are all alike hsien-sheng or of the women in China has not been plain, flat "mister." Foreigners are a slow and a normal evolution, but a compelled to recognize that the polite- superimposition upon existing pro- ness hitherto ingrained in the Chinese cedure. Chinese social restraints are is disappearing, leaving behind to everywhere tending to break down take its place, or a small part of it, a where the new influences are in the compound of stiffness and more than ascendant, and the educated young occidental brusqueness which makes women of China are in great peril of one sigh for the former days. Cere- gaining intellectual enlightenment at monies, too, are either abolished, alto- the expense of their greatest treasure.

gether, or so transformed as to be Chinese women are now actually ap- unrecognizable. The bride perhaps pearing on the stage. It is no longer goes to her wedding no longer in a an uncommon occurrence for a young sedan-chair, but in a carriage, wears Chinese woman, married or unmar- a wreath of flowers, and is married ried makes no difference, to address with a ring. A compendious essay a mixed audience upon a popular sub- might be composed on the marvelous ject, at times with surprizing force changes in Chinese costume, especially and fervor. Wild social theories are that of Chinese ladies. making-have already made-their The Chinese language is itself prob- way into feminine circles in high life, ably undergoing a more rapid evolu- unchallenged and apparently un- tion than any tongue used by man. noticed. The abolition of marriage is Threats of phonetic alphabets for it earnestly advocated. In the autumn are frequently emitted, and in general of last year a Chinese woman from a linguistically nobody knows either distant part of the country made her where we are or where we are going. appearance in the capital of Shansi, New Women in China and drest in men's clothes, gave an address on the public street in The most comprehensive and far which she informed her auditors that reaching change of all, greatly tran- men, and women, and everybody are scending in importance the spectacb.- all on a level (ping teng) and that lar alteration in the form of govern- the five relations are now all abol- ment, is the potential and in part the ished. Dr. Sun Wen has declared actual liberation of the women of himself a socialist of a pronounced China, one of the great events in the type. He is honest, able and fearless, social history of mankind. Western and were he once in charge of the influences now readily penetrate ship of state might bring about re- everywhere in China, so that we have sults which would throw the feats of seen militant women in the revolu- old Wang An-Shih of the Sung tion, and resolute suffragettes ever dynasty quite into the shade.

The Parliament foreign powers; by the prevalence of Owing to exceptional circumstances new national ideals; by the influence the foregoing general review has been of a common education; by improved necessarily brought down to the as- communication between different parts sembling of China's first Parliament, of China; by the wide circulation of April 8th, and later. With that im- newspapers and books of the new portant event the history of China type; and especially by representative enters upon a new and a dramatic government in lihe provinces and in stage. There is a constitutional strug- the capital. To this process no limit gle-which may easily become un- can be set. constitutional between the Provisional Government and the Parliament. The III. The chinese have shown themlatter, after wasting in bitter quar- selves, especially within the past two rels several precious weeks in elect- decades, as susceptible to world in- fluences as any other people. This ting its officers, is thirsting to take must be increasingly true in future. into its inexperienced hands the entire IV. Chinese respect for law and destinies of China. Both the Senate and the House are far too unwieldy historic submission to constituted bodies to be efficient. Party spirit authority has always been tempered by a powerful element of "passive"

is bitter and acrimonious. The mur- democracy, which has assumed the der of Mr. Sung Chiao-jen in right to resist administrative wrongs. Shanghai in the month of March was The composition of these forces will a most unfortunate incident, and has not improbably make or tend to come near to plunging the country make, the Chinese "Republic" in into civil war. The signing of the some respects a government different Quintuple loan late in April without from any that the world has seen. reference to the views of the as yet V. History has shown that no unorganized House of Parliament country and no alien race can per- (Chung I Yuan) added a large sup- manently dominate China and the ply of fuel to the already fierce Chinese race. The difficulties of such flames. domination are now infinitely General Principles greater than ever before and are steadily increasing. May we venture to conclude this portion of our inadequate survey with VI. China might conceivably be a few general principles? overrun by a sufficient alien force; but no matter how great the force I. Whatever happens to China the employed, China could not be profit- three hundred or more millions of the ably administered. . As an inevitable Chinese people are to be reckoned result of such an attempt, no matter with as an actual and an increasingly how apparently successful, the Chi- greater force in the world. nese themselves would reap most of II. Events have shown that the the advantages, and the country, or historic disunity of the Chinese people countries, making the experiment is susceptible of being gradually trans- must eventually relinquish it, or be formed into a unity. This process is themselves confronted with financial greatly assisted by the pressure of and economic ruin.

A TWICE-BORN "TURK"-PART

THE REMARKABLE REMINISCENCES OF A CONVERTED MOSLEM SHEIKH TRANSL:TED BY ARTHUR T. UPSON, CAIRO, EGYPT Superintendent of the Nile Mission Press ~A HMED' the narrator, whole province of Adana. At a ~ says: At eig~t o'clock suitaLlc opportunity I told him pri- next mornmg the vately what had been told to me Sheikh 'and his boy about the danger to us and the Chris- ;s were standing on ~he tians. His eyes filled with tears, and path by the Ezbekleh he said, "There is no power and no Gardens of Cairo. Here they were strength but in God." met by the Bey, who, after exchange of salutations, turned to the Sheikh I replied: "Doubtless, but Gael and said, "Let us go together to a has given us senses and bodily cafe where I may hear the remain- strength with which to flee from dander of your story." ger. Now leave off trusting to the Sufis or to political arguments, other- Sheillh: A day or two after the wise you will be held responsible in director of the Secondary School this world and the next." He asked had left I saw the Moslems, and the me to inform the Committee of Mohammedite Society in particular, Union and Progress, and I went to preparing for a new insurrection. them with all haste. When I told They were getting ready various thcm the news, I found that they arms as tho they were expecting were rather hoping that some decisive to meet a strong enemy, and when action would take place, and were I asked a friend for the reason, he planning to flee if necessary. They told me that strict orders had been also hoped to take vengeance. upon received from Constantinople, telling the }Iohammedites* at a suitable the Mohammedite Society to hasten time. in order to wipe out all the Constitutionalists and to cut down the r next went to the Mitran (Bish- Christians, for they had taken part with them in aiming at the over- op) of the Orthodox Greeks and inthrow of the Islamic law. My friend formed him what his enemies had added that the Mohammedans would derided upon. He thanked me and probably attack the Christians that at once went to the Council and to1:1 very night. them. 11essengers were sent to the ambassadors of the various Euro- I thanked him and went to the pean Powers and to the Mutasarrif, Mutasarrif, whom I found doing his who, poor fellow, was timid with best to collect money to feed the poor fear. Steamers and other warships Armenians who had fled from the began to threaten Latakia until towns and villages between Antioch and Latakia in order to escape from *By "J!lohammedites" the translator means the death, which was rampant in the (political) Mohammedan Society for opposing the Society of Union and Progres~not religious Mo- hammedans, whQ are always called Moslems. things became more settled by the and the Unionists requested it be- deposition of Abdul Hamid and the cause he himself wished to remain accceeSsSsliOon of Sultan Mohammed the m Latakia.

Fifth. Arrest of the Leaders Before the oath of loyalty to the Not many days passed before a new Sultan was taken, the peril in- telegram arrived in cypher ordering creased. My house was somewhat the arrest of the leaders of the inisolated toward the Christian quar- surrection, those who had attacked ter, and the roughs used to come the Director of the Secondary School each night to strike my strong door, and those who had led the masses trying to break in, in order to at- to attack the Unionists and the tack me, but God is the preserver of Christians. They were all to be those who call upon Him. Their sent under guard to Beirut to be threatening increased until news handed over to the military courts came to the East by telegram from at Constantinople. the West, and the voices of the Mohammedites were silenced. Joy As the Mutasarrif knew thetr then became universal and the spirit names, he gathered them all together of the Society of Union and Progress by night and informed them that returned. he could not any longer delay arrest- ing them because the order had been The Mohammedites hypocritically issued from the Martial Court. They profest joy and repentance for offered money to the Mutasarrif to their misdeeds. When their presi- allow them to flee, but he would dent was informed of the deposition not accept it. They then made an of Abdul-Hamid he fell down from agreement with him that they would fear and I awoke him by sprinkling send him a ransom for themselves in water on his face. His colleagues the shape of a substitute whom disappeared, but I advised them to they would style the leader in everyattend the celebrations next morning thing that had happened. They ofin order to be in harmony with the fered 100 pounds more, asking him Unionists. to hurry up and arrest this poor deputy, who should not be allowed Not many days later an order was to say one word in defense. The issued for the Mutasarrif of Latakia Mutasarrif was to write to Beirut to be promoted to the district of Tripoli on account of his care for the that the one sent was a clever, lying, Armenians who had fled from Adana scheming rascal, and that no opto Latakia. When news reached the portunity was to be given him for ears of the Unionists they united defense. He was to be sent directly with the Mohammedites, and retro- to Constantinople, for if he once grades, and all the inhabitants, and had audience with the Vali, their sent telegrams asking that the scheme would fail.

Mutasarrif might be kept in Latakia. The Mutasarrif asked (while ring- The retrogrades wished to white- ing the coins upon the table), "Who wash the dirty patch on their past is this poor man who is to be the history in the eyes of the Mutasarrif, ransom and whose blood is to be

shed on the altar of sacrifice for tered the dark room, and the door you ?" They said, "It is the Director was locked without my knowing what of the Primary School, who is your crime had been attributed to me. confidant in everything. He has received more than a thousand Turkish My mind remained troubled until pounds to get the people's request the Chief of Police opened the door granted and there has been no sec- and entered the room and said that tion of the local Government not our only friend had sent him to me controlled by him." to comfort me in my loneliness. I begged him to go with all haste to When the Mutasarrif heard this enquire of the Mutasarrif the reason he replied: "I am surprized at this, for my imprisonment. He left, and for I have marked the integrity of when he returned he informed me this man; are you sure of what you that the decree of the Martial Court are saying?" had been issued and I was to be sent in custody to it for reasons un- One of them said, "If you wish, known. I can bring you ten witnesses from whom the Sheikh took money in the I asked him to bring my boy to name of your Excellency." The the prison, that I might see him be- Mutasarrif said, "It is sufficient. fore I traveled. He brought him. Go to your houses; to-morrow morn- When I was left alone with him I ing I shall arrest this poor rogue comforted him and told him to comand send him to Beirut and from fort his mother. Then I wrote two there to Constantinople, altho he postcards, one to the head of the may have been a Unionist and a Society of Union and Progress and Constitutionalist for years." the other to our friend, whom I asked to get from the Governor the Arrest of the Sheikh truth about the telegram so that I might understand the cause of it. I About mid-day, during the schol- sent my boy with the two cards, and ars' dinner-hour, a policeman entered in an hour no answer came from the school and informed me that the Chief, but my friend wrote back the Mutasarrif was wanting me at like this: "My heart is torn asunder Government House. I went, not with the sorrow of parting from my thinking what was going to happen. dear friend. Your case is unknown, When I reached the Palace the Chief even the Mutasarrif himself swears of Police told me that the Muta- that he does not know about it. Rest sarrif was in the Court of Manage- assured about your family. Toment and asked me to wait. I had morrow morning I will see you off hardly sat down when the police- from the port." At this I increased man came and said, "The Mutasarrif my fear and panic and told my son has ordered me to imprison you in to bring me my traveling coat in the his private room without anyone morning. speaking to you. If you say a single word I am directed to call for the When dawn broke, the police took help of others and we shall forcibly me down, guarded by a few officers, put you in prison immediately." my .boy following behind, carrying the cloak. All my friends were as- I therefore surrendered and en-

A TWICE-BORN "TURK"

tonished at the sight and not know- waiting for me and directing the ing the news until I reached the captain's attention toward me by a port. They put me into a room motion of his fingers. When the and left a soldier at the door to steamer had started, the captain came guard me, not allowing anyone ex- to me and spoke to the policeman in cept my boy to enter. French, which I did not understand, but the appearance of his face w~s At mid-day, one of the consuls pleasant and the policeman answered forced his way into the room, and him very politely. He then went told me to hold his hand and that away and .when he came back he he would bring me out, even tho brought a bottle of Cognac and he should be killed in my stead. opened it for the policeman and He said that this was on account after much talk between them the of my having informed the Bishop policeman rose and unlocked my of the intention of the Moham- handcuffs, giving me permission to medites to kill the Christians. I walk on the deck of the steamer. thanked him for his care, but excused myself saying, "It is well While I was walking, the captain known to yoitr Excellency that there came with an interpreter and took is much disturbance in this town. me into his room. I said to the Very likely we may not reach the interpreter: "Tell the captain that I house at all. If we are caught in do not wish to flee from the policethe street, those who made this con- man until I know the contents of spiracy against me will stir up all the letter sent by the Mutasarrif to the ignorant masses to shed blood the Vali. If I find the charge simwithout any cause. I will rather be ple I shall not run away, but if killed myself than that a drop of otherwise then flight might mean innocent blood should be shed in safety. In any case, after a couple the path of safety. I have surren- of hours the policeman will be dead dered my case to the justice of God. drurik, for he is a hard drinker. I Let His will be done." can then steal from him the letter, open it, and after reading what is The consul replied: "But the Gov- therein I can return it to its place." ernment have determined to send The captain agreed with this plan. you in the French steamer and I will come down and command the cap- After drinking tea I walked up to tain to put you in his own private the policeman and found very little cabin, to keep you there and not brandy left in the bottle. Before deliver you, but to set you free at another hour he had drunk the last one of the European ports, and to drop. Then the captain gave him give you what is necessary in the certain sweetmeats which only inway of money." He then left me. creased his drunkenness and he slept a heavy sleep. With all caution I Transported to Beirut put my hand in his pocket and took out the letter, and went to the cap- Near sunset, a soldier and a police- tain's cabin and opened it, and found man put me on the steamer, after its contents as follows: having handcuffed me. On the deck of the steamer I saw the consul

"According to the Sultan's decree a card saying I was going to Beirut a private enquiry has been held as under arrest, probably also to Conto the leaders of the disturbances stantinople on account of a fabricated against the Director of the School charge from which I was assured and the attempt to attack the Chris- God would acquit me. The card tians and the Unionists and concern- did not reach him until after the ing the leaders of the Mohammedite Society and their conspiracies against steamer had left again. On account the Constitution. It has now be- of his sorrow and regret he left come clear that the whole of that at once for Beirut but did not reach was by the direction of the Director there until too late. of the Primary School, Sheikh –.

He is now under arrest to your Maj- Imprisoned in a Hashish Den esty. that he may be tried in the Miiltary Court in Constantinople, but When I reached the Government having regard to the sagacity and House in Beirut they put me in a cunning and strength of his self- crowded prison full of roughs of pleading, without doubt he will at the lowest class from whom I smelt his hearing capture his hearers, giv- hashish smoking.* I therefore said ing false proofs of his innocence. In to the officer who was carrying the any case, supposing you agree to cloak for me "Put it down outside, acquit him of this charge I beg he may not be allowed to come back and go and tell the Mamur of the to Latakia, for, if he once came back, prison that the Sheikh will not go no doubt, there would be a great into this place, and if you put him row between the ignorant ones of in forcibly you will be sorry for it, his party and the rest of the inhab- and you will be removed from your itants. Therefore, on arrest, I re- quested the Public Instruction Officer post."

to appoint another headmaster in his The Mamur came, and before he place." could speak to me I'said "You have As soon as I read this letter and made this prison a hashish den for understood from its contents that the prisoners. Is it right, therefore, it was pure fabrication and having that you should imprison in it one trusted in God who cares for his of the Sheikhs of religion and of people, having regard to His omni- the nobles of the lands? Have you science and His answer to prayer to no humanity, or are you free from those who call on Him, I knelt such things?" I spoke very angrily, before God to answer my prayer that but he replied with all respect and he would make the truth of my case asked me to excuse him and said clear to those in authority. that he had never told this policeman I put back the letter and asked (whom he curst with all his might) to bring me into this dirty place the interpreter to communicate to the but would I follow him and excuse captain my great thankfulness for him? He brought me to a very his kindness. There was no need clean room where there were political to put me ashore in Europe, for the prisoners who had been brought from matter was a simple one by the Damascus, Aleppo and other places, help of God. We cast anchor in the port of Tripoli and I learned from some one of the sailors that my *Hashish is a kind of extract of hemp, of nearly as. baneful effoct as opium, its importation is profather was in Tripoli, so I wrote him hibited, but smugglers introduce it secretly_

all of them being suspected as being of our sorrows and was sending it members of the Mohammedite So- to the Vali by some secret way. I ciety and opponents of the Constitu- then related everything that had tion. After we had made ourselves happened exactly as it was engraved known to one another we agreed upon my heart ~ltld the Vali consulted that each should tell his own story his papers every time until I finished to the others. The Mamur of the my story. He then said, "I call God prison brought me some bedding, to witness that the wicked men of and I slept with all ease and with a free mind. to Latakia have fabricated against you About three hours after sunrise I a false charge in order free themwas sent for to go to the Vali. I selves from what they have done. found his Excellency alone in his The Mutasarrif has evidently sold private room. After we had drunk yon to them and rewarded your coffee he asked me. to relate to him benevolence to him by malevolence. incidents that had happened at Praise be to God who has revealed Latakia from the time of the procla- the truth to me. Kindly give me the mation of the Constitution until I names of the leaders." was arrested, on condition that I should not alter a single word. I "N0; never," I replied, "I beg you then related the whole story, during excuse me from this, for they would which he repeatedly consulted the not have made this false charge exofficial papers that were on his table cept to get out of their own diffias tho he were comparing my culty. I forgive them for their evil story with the words written there, deeds." until I reached the account of taking the letter from the policeman, at After pressing me very much to which he laughed. I hid from him write down the names, he then said the matter of the hashish den in "I am sorry to tell you that you will the prison for fear of injuring the have to travel to Constantinople, for Mamfu who had been kind to me. it is not possible to secure your liberation anywhere else, seeing that Then the Vali said, "I beg you to the M t1tasarrif will, no doubt, have relate what you said last night to written to the Martial Court somethe Sheikhs in the prison even tho thing about you, but I can guarantee there be some repetition, my motive your exemption from now. I shall being to set you free from this false write what is necessary." accusation." He then called his aide-de-carnp When he said that I learned that and told him to seat me in the room there must have been with us in the of the Chief of Police until- the prison some of the secret police and steamer arrived. He then left me, I remembered that there was among promising to write to Constantinople us one Turkish man who did not fnll details. The Chief of Police speak to anyone but was writing a gave me permission to leave the room secret cypher of which we could whenever I wisherl to go as far as not read one letter. Probably he was writing down what we related the tower to look at the garden, only on condition that he knew where to find me when the boat arrived.

Bey: Evidently this Vali was a in speech and its literal agreement just and humane man. with everything you said in Beirut Sheikh: He was so, but do not has convinced us of your sincerity forget that God is the most just and innocence. The proper criminal and the Most Merciful, and since shall receive what he deserves." He He is merciful to those who trust then gave me a certificate of ac- in Him he clears the way for them, quittal and they let me out.

especially if the trusting one should I went straightway down to the have suffered injury. port and found a ship starting for Bey: Praise God, kindly proceed Beirut, from whence I went home with the story. to my birthplace. From there I sent to Latakia to bring my family, who, In a Constantinople Prison in my absence, had been bearing all Sheikh: Next morning I heard sorts of threats and dangers from from the Chief of Police that I the Moslem roughs. These men, should prepare to travel, for the impelled thereto by the heads of the steamer had come. Then the Vali Mohammedite Society, had declared called me and delivered to the Chief their readiness to shed the blood of of Police letters which he had prom- everyone belonging to me.

ised to· send, and took leave of me. Bey: Did not the Committee of Just as the steamer was leaving the Union and Progress prohibit all this harbor I saw my father on the deck folly? What about the friend of of a small steamer coming from whom you have spoken, did he not Tripoli. I called to him but he did care for your family in your ab- not hear my voice. I was very sorry sence?

for I knew how great his grief would Sheikh: As for the Committee, be. those of influence in it were officials On the sixth day I was taken to serving under the Turks, whom I the prison at Constantinople, It was was opposing to my utmost on ac- a dark underground place with hun- count of their despotism. I had dreds of Sheikhs and political prison- called upon them to elect their presi- ers who were receiving all kinds of dent by a majority of votes according punishment, but praise be to God, to the law as declared by the central I only sat there a few hours when authority at Salonika. I had also I was ordered to be put in a clean used my influence to get an Arab room belonging to the officers. On elected president. Their anger against the second day after my arrival I me increased when I went against was called to the martial court. their wishes. They therefore in- There they held an inquiry and I structed their roughs that I was not answered every question with abso- a Moslem at all, but an enemy of lute truth. The Court then retired the Moslems and a warm friend of and deliberated, and after one hOllt' the Christians. The result was that they came out and called me forward I was only subject to danger.

and declared my acquittal from every- Narrator: Then the men parted, thing with which I had been charged. after promising to meet again.

The president said, "Your boldness (To be continued.)

THE "ALL PERVADING-LOVE" HOSPITAL*

BY FLORENCE E. GOOCH HANG NAI-NAI, of child's body was able also to cure her sin-sick soul, and she resolved ICI Hankow, China, had to attend the "Hall of Glad Tid- a sick child. When a ings," and to learn more of the Christian neighbor urged her to take the "Jesus doctrine." ~ little one to "The For- After some time of instruction and eigners' Hospital," she probation, she was baptized, and has replied, indignantly: ever since been a Christian-a very "What? Take my only child there? imperfect Christian, perhaps, accord- Everyone says that the foreigners ing to European standards of con- will take out her heart and gouge duct, but still a real Christian in out her eyes to make their medicine! her strong belief and sincere wor- I will never go there!" ship. The child so cured and since "All rumors, nothing but rumors," educated in a Christian boarding- said the neighbor. "Don't you know school, hopes to return to the hos- that the hospital is called 'The Hos- pital next year to be trained as a pital of All-pervading Love'? They nurse.

have a clever English lady doctor, a Some months ago, when the lead- matron, and 15 Chinese nurses, and er of the class to which Chang Nai- they all have loving hearts. If you nai belongs was leaving China on take your little girl there, she will furlough, she brought a little fare- soon be quite well." well token, and said: But the mother preferred to take "Little Elder Sister, I bring you her child to a native quack, who this, not because it is pretty, and guaranteed to cure her on payment because I love you, but because it of an exorbitant sum. When his has a meaning."

quackery proved to be unavailing, The little gift was unwrapt from Chang Nai-nai, in desperation, came the scarlet tissue paper, and glittered to the "All-pervading Love Hospi- in the lamp light-a gilt ornament, tal." Afraid to leave her child with a cross, hanging from the Chinese the dreaded foreigners, she was al- character "Fuh." "Do you see the lowed to remain in the ward day and meaning? 'Fuh' is 'Happiness.'

night, and to her great joy, she soon 'Happiness through the Cross.'

found that the child was recovering. Please take this to remember me, While Chang N ai-nai thus lived and remember that all my happiness in the hospital she not only noticed has been through the Cross."

the methods of the doctor and nurses Chang Nai-nai had no merely for- and the loving attention which they mal belief in the Cross, for she spoke gave to all patients, but she was of Christ's death on the Cross, using also present daily at morning and a quaint Chinese idiom, and saying, evening prayer, and listened to the "Jesus for us has on the Cross eaten simple expositions of the Scriptures so much bitterness that we might and the clear Gospel teaching. The obtain happiness." What a rebuke Christian hymns attracted her, and the little gift brought! "Jesus for she learned to repeat several before me has eaten so much bitterness!"

she left the hospital on the restora- What have I done for Him?

tion of her little girl. When that Chang Nai-nai knows not only the day came, she felt sure that the joy of salvation through the Cross, Good Physician who had healed the but the joy of bearing the Cross in 'From The Foreign Field.

witness and in persecution. She is tells us of Jesus, who loves even a type of many Chinese women who Chinese women. All our happiness would say to us, "All our happiness has been through His Cross." has been through the Cross. Do you know what our lives have been? And what are we doing at home When we are born we are not wanted, for we are disappointed that our Chinese sisters may all hopes, and not precious, as the boys share in this joy? Are we eating are! A little later our feet are any bitterness with Jesus, or are we bound, and who shall express the denying ourselves the greatest hapsuffering? When we are quite young piness in the world because it is "the we are betrothed to unknown husbands, and on our marriage we be- joy of the Cross"? To give money, gin lives of drudgery and slavery to give oneself, to give one's son or in the cruel service of mothers-in- daughter to the foreign field is but law! But your Christian religion to copy Jesus, "who for the joy that was set before Him endured th ~ Cross, despising shame and is set down at the right hand of God."

-AMONG A FORGOTTEN PEOPLE IN BRAZIL * BY FREDERICK C. GL;SS, GOYAS, BRAZIL f~JT .- HREE hundred miles certain that the Indians owe their from the nearest final 'Subjection as much to the as- white man's habita- tute diplomacy of the Jesuit monks tion, the nose of my as to the arms of the invaders them- ,. dug out" canoe selves.

grazed the edge of a This Indian village, with its clean, broad sand rather neat and regular row of ten bank, of the beautiful Araguaya huts or cabins of green withes and river. palm leaves, seemed half deserted, At about latitude 12 deg. S., fac- and only a small group of women ing the great fluvial island of Bana- and children and half a dozen stal- nal, the small Caraja Indian village wart, highly-colored warriors greet- of Capitao Joao, pursues the fairly ed our arrival.

even tenor of its way, far from the At first my own presence seemed disturbing haunts of the white man, quite overlooked in the excitement and with verv much the same con- and joy on their recognizing in my ception of life and its duties and pilot their long-lost relative Odidi.

pleasures as that held by its prede- More than a year had passed since cessors of four centuries ago, ere he had left his native village on a the paleface drove them from the journey to see the white man's now far-away shores of Brazil, world-a journey which had finally where they had hitherto reigned su- landed him in our home in Goyaz preme. city, on the headwaters of one of The redskins who then inhabited the Araguaya tributaries, where ex- this coast were only driven back ists an outpost station of the Evan- after many a bloody contest with gelical Union of South America.

their invaders, and time and again Here he was back again, with a the battle turned in their favor, and great deal of superfluous clothing, a the trained Portuguese soldiery gave straw hat, a very extraordinary col- way before them. But it was only lar and tie, and an old alpaca jacket, to renew the struggle under 1110re which he had specially brought with favorable circumstances, and it is him fr0111 Goyaz) a's trophies of civi- 'From The Neglected Continent.

A FORGOTTON PEOPLE IN BRAZIL

lization with which to dazzle the eyes suIting fashion plates, completed my of his numerous and worthy rela- discomfiture by raising a high-pitched tives. howl over Odidi, which could be heard half a mile away. His completely unclad brethren gathered around in very critical ar- Before nightfall I had managed to ray, and Odidi seemed vastly overcome the reserve and timidity ashamed of his shirt, and hung his of the whole village, and succeeded head. His little cousins, however, in drawing their smiles, while the thoroughly enj oyed themselves, liter- children began to renew their naturally dancing round him with glee, al happy manner. Soon after sunset frequently stopping to examine, in a I heard, far away over the dim exvery embarrassing way, every detail, panse of water above the village. every button, of his modest outfit. some faint but oft-repeated cooing When, however, his hat was re- cries, which were answered by a moved, and it was seen that his long loud chorus from the village. It black hair was cropped, a kind of was a fleet of canoes returning home shudder went around the long-haired with the day's catch, and everybody group, and shortly afterward I saw seemed to brighten up in the anthem trying to trim up what re- ticipation of a good meal. Each mained more to their liking. canoe, constructed of a single log of wood, hollowed out by fire, was The majority of the inhabitants, laden almost to the water's edge with about a hundred big fish, as well as including the Chief (Capitao Joao) a few turtles, a few score eggs of the same, a couple of chameleon, and were away on one of their usual a big bunch of short green sticks. fishing and hunting expeditions. For this their sole and sufficient equip- An Indian Feast ment is the bow and arrow, which is as convenient for shooting a fish The newcomers gave another asas for spearing a chameleon or land- pect of life to the village. The. ing a wild duck, for their skill with canoes were rapidly unloaded, and the weapon is amazing. the fish and other edible contents. just as they were, scales, intestines; A White Man's Advent sand and all, were soon piled up Ott extemporized tables of green sticks, After a while my presence was erected between each cabin and its noticed, and for some time I was neighbor. A fire produced by the eyed in much the same way as the friction of two sticks, was applied small boy first gazes at a grizzly beneath these heaps, and soon the bear; and the Caraja children, with smoky frizzling mass-some hal£- queer little cries, ran for protection cooked, the rest burned, and all unbehind their mothers, who looked salted-was ready for the redskins' rather scared themselves. And yet stomachs. I was not half so civilized-looking as Odidi, with my bare legs, and Three or four or these fires were crumpled panama, in which the par- burning at once, and intensified by rots had bitten two big holes. I the fat of the roasting fish, their was nearly as red as an Indian with bright rays in the dense darkness sunburn, and looked as near like a that now covered the scene, gave the savage as I knew how, but even village an intensely weird and unthe great scarlet macaws perched on earthly appearance. Meanwhile the the cabin tops detected an impostor, naked redskins stretched themselves and started screeching as only ma- out full length round the fires, the caws can, drowning all other sounds soft, clean sand being still warm with in their scathing denunciations of the the sun's heat, and in quiet, musireskins' hereditary foe. cal voices, they recounted little in- cidents and adventures of the day, As if this were insufficient, an elderly lady of the village, who evidently did not waste much time CQU-

interrupted repeatedly by hearty peat "Ah-ado-edanare. Ahado-enanbursts of laughter, or short exclama- are" (God is good, God is good). tions in a shrill falsetto, while every But, alas, "Ahaho" also means few words of each speaker drew a "moon" ! It is true I had not gone chorus of sympathetic "Ulum, there to preach, but to explore and umm's." I took my place in one report, with the view of some future of the largest of these circles, turn- attempt to reach them for Christ, but ing my bare feet to the fire in the it was none the less grievous to orthodox fashion, and with a big, think that I possest the secret of highly-painted, and strange-smelling Eternal Life, and the remedy for all savage ott each side of me, whose their sorrows and aspirations, locked oQ"ly dress consisted of wrist bands up in my own breast, and was as (to take the jar of the bow string), incapable of expression as a Romish and a small tassel tied below each image could be. knee, in the case of unmarried men. The fish supper ended, and the tur- One of these latter was a cousin tles disposed of, an Indian next to of my pilot Odidi, and had hugged me began to address me in a very me with great warmth and evident soft but impressive way, and not signs of good will, at our first en- without some oratorical effect in counter. I might have been a twin voice and gesture. He spoke with brother. After a while the conver- a certain dignity and weight, and sation evidently turned on the white might have been expounding some man present, as a score of keen dark profound philosophical views, or eyes were turned in my direction, discussing the latest theory of the while in the same quiet tone and universe. I endeavored to appear inmanner, they discust my person terested, and was pretty free with and belongings, tried to make sure my "umm's" at every pause. This that my mustache was not stuck on, went on for some time, and I beand said many things, complimen- gan to feel uncomfortable, and when tary or otherwise, which it was im- at last he made a long pause and possible to more than guess at. looked at me fixedly in an enquiring way, I felt things were critical. For- As I lay there looking back into tunately at that moment I caught a glimpse of Odidi, who had now their strangely attractive faces, with joined the company around the fire, their interesting figures, lit up to and beckoning to him, I made him fine effect against the dark back- understand that I wanted to know ground by the flickering light of the waning fires, and with. the agree- what his friend was saying. "Umm," able cadences of their strange lan- said Odidi, after a few words with guage in my ears, I felt my heart his cousin, "he wants to know if you would oblige him with a brick of go out to these long-forgotten peo- raw sugar !" This is about the ple, and a sense of the utter loneli- highest conception of happiness that ness, hopelessness and brutality of a Caraja possesses. their lives came over me. They All very picturesque and interestcould never even' conceive of the ing, but all very cruel and sad; livrealities of the love of God, of ing like animals, and dying like the Eternal Life, and of the grace of beasts that perish. How much lonthe Lord Jesus. There they sat gaz- ger must they perish in ignorance? ing strangely and wonderingly at me, The way is open, the day of opthese beautiful, noble-looking sons of portunity has come, and the answer Adam, and I utterly helpless and may rest with you. Surely it is time unable to say what I was yearning to give these forgotten Indians an to say of the good news of salva- opportunity to know the power of tion, for as yet I had found· no words Christ to transform and save. in their dialect for grace; pardon, or Savior, and could only vaguely re-

A GOVERNOR IN SIAM FOUND CHRIST*

BY REV. HOWARD AGNEW JOHNSON, D.D.

OWN in the Malay were one day mending some of their broken idols, he suddenly stopt and mD Pe?ins~la a Christian called her attention to the wonderful m 1 s s 1 a n a r y was character of the human hand, capa- preaching the Gospel ble of making so many things. He to the multitudes who said that his hand was a greater gathered to hear his message. For more thing than these lifeless images they than 30 years he has been a mission- were mending. Then he declared ary in that country, and he loves the that human beings, intelligent and blest work of traveling over the creative, were greater than these various provinces on long itinera- pieces of wood and stone that they tions, often lasting six months. When shaped into images and worshiped.

I saw him in his home in Bangtok "How absurd it is for us to worship he was just starting on a journey of these dead things, as if they could do this sort. From his own lips I heard anything for us!" he exclaimed. His the fonowing story: wife agreed with him, saying that Some years ago he was in the she had often thought the same thing.

Malay Peninsula in a region where They decided that they would wor- he had never been before, and was ship these creatures of their own very much surprized to hear that the hand no longer, but would destroy governor of that province believed in them. This they did, and returned Christ. He inquired if any mission- to the empty room from which they ary had ever been there, and was told had taken the idols, wondering what that no preacher had visited the they should worship now. The gov- place, but that once a man was sell- ernor said to his wife: "There must ing copies of a book. The gover- be a Being greater than man who nor heard of this book, and bought made man, and the earth and the aile of the volumes. Now the teach- stars. We will worship him, the ings of this book, according to the greatest Being in the universe." For report that came to the missionary, thirty years they had been going to- were very like his preaching. He ex- gether into that empty room to bow prest a desire to See the governor, before their God, "feeling after him, and was told that a messenger had if haply they might find him," as the gone to announce the stranger's com- Apostle Paul said to the Athenians.

ing. Soon he received a request to It was a striking instance of Paul's visit the palace, which he rlid, accom- statement, in his letter to the Ro- panied by his wife. mans, that even thoughtful heathen As they entered the beautiful are led to believe in a great Being grounds about the palace, they saw because of the evidence of his intel- through the trees an old man with ligence and power revealed in nature.

a gray beard, clan in white, stand- Paul said: "The invisible things of ing on the veranda of the house, Him since the creation of the world and by his side his wife, also in are clearly seen, being perceived white. When they caught sight of through the things that are made, the approaching visitors, they ex- even His eternal power and divinity, claimed: "Hosanna! Hosanna!" so that they are without excuse."

When they were all seated together" Through all these years these two on the veranda, the old man told of children of God lifted up their hearts their remarkable experience. Thirty to Him in worship, striving to obey years before, when he and his wife the law of God written upon their 'From "The Famine and the Bread."-International Y. M. C. A.

he:lrts. But they needed more light, sentials of the faith that is accepted by the Evangelical Christian Church, and anxiously hoped for it day after with no addition of false views. The day and year a,fter year. The gov- missionary said farewell to the aged ernor said that at last he heard of a ~ouple, telling them that he soon ex- man in his province who was selling pecte<1 to go home to America to a book. A sudden thrill of confidence came into his heart that this book visit his parents. The governor lookt appealingly at his newly-found was what he had waited for so long. Christian brother and said: In eager haste he sent for the man and asked about the book. The "Missionary, I am an old man, and man said: "This is the greatest book may not live until you come again, that tells about the greatest Being in but 1 wish to ask one favor. When the universe." With trembling hands I <lie I will go to heaven, but I will the governor took it. It was a copy be far back among the unworthy of the Christian Scriptures, trans- ones, for I have been an idolator and lated into his own language. have done so little for my Lord. But you will be close up to the As he read the Old Testament, he throne, for you have had a long life said, the pictures seemed very famil- of blest service. Please promise iar, for they were just the pictures that you will tell Jesus that I would of the life of his country. When the love to be allowed to come near to governor and his wife came to Paul's Him just once that I may see His sermon to the Athenians on Mars glory." Hill, where he spoke of the people worshiping the "unknown God," he This man was the only person said: "Wife, we have been living in who had the right to present any of Athens 30 years." his people to the king, and he had not appreciated the difference be- Through this word of God alone, tween the kingdoms of the earth without a human voice to help them, and heaven in some of these things. taught by the Holy Spirit of truth. Like a little child he believed and they came to know the true God and loved his Lord, and in his humility Jesus Christ whmll He has sent. he counted himself one who would sit far down at the feast. When the governor ceased to worship idols, he told his people of his With tears of joy they separated. convictions and practises, but he More than a year later the missioncould not tell them much about any ary visited the place again. The other religious life. When he came governor had gone to behold the to kllOW his Bible, however, he was King in His beauty, and to realize prepared to teach them and help that he would not have to wait for H'cm to know the truth and obey it any special introduction by any man. The people had asked him for a The governor's wife was living, and statement of his faith, and he told was teaching her people the truth as the missionary that finally he had it is in Jesus. written it down. Going to a little box he took from it his confession There are manv instances of the d faith and read it aloud. With people who have -been led to know ke{'nert anticipation the missionary the true God and to find peace and listened to learn what a man thus joy in Christ simply through the readtaught only of God would formulate ing of the Bible, without any person as his creed. It began thus: "I be- to teach them. The Holy Spirit has lieve in God the Father, who made been their teacher, leading them into all thing". I believe in Jesus Christ, the light of life. It is a striking evithe Son of God, as my Savior. I dence of the sufficiency of the Word believe in the Holy Ghost as my of God to give all men everywhere Comforter and Teacher." The state- all the light they need to make plain ment contained the fundamental es- the way of salvation.

EDITORIALS·

CHRISTIANITY A UNIVERSAL The real difficulty that stands in the way of a man or a nation accepting RELIGION Christ is either an unwillingness to conform evil habits to His laws and T HE Japanese have, as a nation, principles, or it is pride and self-satis- objected to Christianity on the faction. I f Christ comes in, then evil ground that it is a foreign religion. must go, if He becomes supreme in- Many of those who are convinced of dividual talents may be developed and the truth of Christian teachings have find expression, but self-content must claimed that the religion must be be uprooted. The greatest danger to adapted and improved to meet the re- any man or any nation is to be withquirements of the Japanese mind and out God, and weakness and failure are customs. This would be a "denatured" in proportion to the dimness of the Christianity and would not be the knowledge or the lack of allegiance to "power of God unto salvation." Dr. God. H. Kozahi, a Japanese pastor in Tokyo, has written an able answer to PRAY FOR WORLD-WIDE POWER the objections. He shows that Christian religion, like all truth, is not local O DR God is not limited in His but universal in its application and power but He is limited by the appeal. The question is not: From channels through which that power is whence did Christianity come, but are exercised. There are united efforts to the revelations of God, the principles arouse the Church and united efforts of life and the way of salvation as on mission fields. Most of all we need taught in Christianity, true or false? a world-wide union in prayer for Japan and any other nation should no spiritual quickening at home and more hesitate to accept religious truth abroad, individually and collectively. hom Europe or America than they should hesitate to accept scientific and The Home and Foreign Missionary historical truth. As Dr. Kozahi points leaders of the United States and Canout, a Japanese leader, J un Ohashi, ada are engaging in an extensive and formerly sought to exclude modern important cooperate work which is medical and surgical science on the described on another page. The obground that it was foreign and that ject is to inspire the church-members Japanese physical nature was different to become intelligent missionary workfrom European. ers, supporters and intercessors. Of the more than 20,000,000 of Protestant It is unnecessary for any people to church-members in North America, adopt the many traditions and prac- less than one-half are doing anything tises that have adhered to Christianity or giving anything to bring the world and are not an essential part of the re- to Christ and the Gospel of Christ to ligion of Christ. But all nations and the world. peoples who have accepted God as revealed in Christ and who have sought During the extensive campaign now to conform their beliefs and practises in progress and in preparation for the to the teachings of the New Testa- personal canvass in March, 1914, the ment, have been strengthened and up- executive committee has appealed to lifted. It is only partial or distorted Christian people everywhere to join in views of Christianity that hinder na- prayer for God's guidance and rnanitional progress. True religion devel- fested power in this undertaking. In ops the best that is in a man or a private prayer, in the home, in the nation. church services, and in other mcet-

ings, it is earnestly urged that unceas- that number of the REVIEW. The ing prayer be offered for a mighty questions are most useful in helping spiritual quickening that will enable to interest friends in missions, and in the church to strengthen and enlarge putting life into missionary meetings. its work so as to meet the present op- Try them. portunities both at home and abroad. This' quickening can come only from The Editorial Council has now God when His people show that they ueen formed to help guide the. policy are ready and willing. "Ask and ye of the REVIEW, broaden its vision, shall receive." and improve its makeup. The Coun- cil is not yet complete, but those al- NEW FEATURES FOR 1914 ready promising their cooperation in- sure its quality and success. These THE general policy of the MISSION- ARY REVIEW will not be essentially include Rev. Arthur J. Brown, D.D., altered during the coming year, but every effort is being made to improve vice-chairman of the Continuation every department. Some of the Committee; Rev. Charles R. Watson, strongest, most virile, most spiritual D.D., secretary of the Board of Misand best-known writers of the mis- sions of the United Presbyterian sionary world, at home and abroad, Church; Prof. Harlan P. Beach, Prohave promised articles. These will be fessor of Missions in Yale Univerpopular in style, with the great facts sity; Rev. F. P. Haggard, D.D., Home of missionary history and biography secretary of the American Baptist presented in graphic, stirring stories. Foreign Missionary Society, and Mrs. The illustrations, maps and charts will Helen Barrett Montgomery, missionbe numerous and illuminating. The arv author and lecturer, now on a general program involves a rotation of w~rld tour. topics, month by month, to cover the world field during the year and to The cooperation of every friend of present each month the outstanding the REVIEW is asked in prayer for events of all fields in their relation to the guidance of the editors, in written the progress of Christianity. communications concerning the ways in which the magazine may be made The new Department of Best M eth- more helpful, and in bringing the ods will be continued under the able REVIEW to the attention of pastors, guidance of Miss Belle M. Brain, local missionary workers, missionauthor of "Holding the Ropes" and aries and other intelligent Christians other volumes. These methods for who may be helped by its contents. stimulating interest at home are Notice the prospectus published this gathered from actual experience in month in the advertising pages. hundreds of societies and churches. They are unique and successful. Only WE THANK THEE the best and most practical are given and no church or society can afford Not for the harvest alone to overlook their wealth of suggestions. They will greatly lessen the But for the field to till, arduous work of any pastor or com- ~ot for the gifts we give mittee and at the same time will increase interest and efficiency. But for the heart's good will, The Clues to the. Contents, pre- Not for the great high tower pared bv' Mrs. F. M. Gilbert, is a n~w feature printed each But zeal in building up, month on the back of the frontispiece. These "Clues" bring out, Not for the draught we share in twenty spicy, interest-awakening questions, some of the facts given in But joy filling the cup, Not for the evening red Or for the bird's sweet call, But for joy, joy in it all.

-Leigh Richmond Miner

WORLD-WIDE

MISSIONARY NEWS AMERICA Last year it was only one-quarter, a Methodist Men in Conference remarkab.ly low proporti?n, for the average IS nearer one-third. There A MOST significant and important ~ere ~ome notabl~ changes in the na- . conference was held in Indianap- tIonahty of the Immigrants. Never before in one year have so many Slavs obs the last of October. Methodist entered tne country. The total was men gathered three thousand strong 388,968, as compared with 362,193 in and were deeply stirred by the ringing 1906-7. The chief contributors to this increase w~re Poles, of whom 174,365 appeals and masterly addresses of were adml.tted, the largest previous number bemg 138,033. The emigra- Robert E. Speer, Sherwood ERdodwy~ tion from Austrian Poland was so Bishop Wm. McDowell, C. A. ~Te3Jt that ,the governor of the provland, J. Campbell White and others. mce recently ordered the police to ar- rest a~lll male perssoonn.s bettw~een the ages Stimulating stories were told of what of -eIighteen and thirrttYy-SsiIx, and liable for military service, who attempted to other denominations have done. The leave ,the country, and send them to their homes. The Russian immigrants Southern Presbyterians have in ten numb.ered 51A7~, greater by 20,000 than m any prevIous year. Ruthenians years doubled their missionary force came in larger numbers than ever be- fore. Of the South Italians there were and nearly quadrupled their gifts. One 231,613, an increase of approximately man supports an entire station in 96,000 over the previous year, and ex- ceeded only twice before. Armenians, Korea, with 13 missionaries and build- Dutch, Flemish, Syrians and Portu- guese came in larger numbers than ings and equipment included. The ever before.

disciples have been conducting a mil- lion dollar campaign and have received $1,100,000. One man offered a mil- lion if they would raise $5,000,000 for both home and foreign work. The United Presbyterians reported an in- crease of average gifts from $1.12 to $6.11 per member at the same time that they increased gifts to local church support-without any effort.

Great results are expected from this conference in stimulating the great New Americans for a New America Methodist Church to accept a larger share of their missionary responsibility THIS was the motto for Home Mis- sion Week, which was observed by an increase in the missionary forces and in the average gifts per member. this year from November 16 to 23. The Home Missions Council-the A.. The Flood of Immigrants federation of the Home Mission CCORDING to the figures of the Boards, the Church Building, and the ~ National Bureau, the number of Sunday-school and Publication So- those who landed on our shores last cieties of the Protestant Churches of year was almost as large as in the rec- the United States-and the Woman's ord year .of 1906-7. The total for last Council for Home Missions, invited year was 1,197,892, as compared with all of the Protestant Churches to face 838,172 for the previous year, and America's greatest religious problem.

1,285,349 in 1906-7. There was a de- To fuse a score of race stocks, with a crease in departures. In 1911-12 the half-dozen colors of skin, speaking number of departing aliens was ap- forty. languages, and inheriting the proximately two-fifths of the arrivals. most diverse social and religious tradi-

tions, into a single homogeneous, consider the work of the home and democratic, and righteous nation, is foreign societies, to prevent duplicathe task that confronts us. tion, effect economy in administration and secure a maximum efficiency at A large amount of attractive liter- minimum expense. Dr. Charles R. ature was prepared for general use. Brown of Yale, was elected moderator of the council, and Rev. Hubert C. Comity Plan for Home Missions Herring, D.D., is the secretary of the National Couacil-a new office with T HE Home Missions Council has large advisory powers. worked out a comity plan under which the different denominations are The Mohonk Conference invited to agree on a distribution of unoccupied territory, so that the vari- D EPENDENT people need friends ous bodies shall respectively become -in the United States and elseresponsible for churching unchurched where-and they have friends in Mr. communities within specified bounds. Smiley and those who meet each year Obviously this implies a pledge from at Lake Mohonk to discuss the probeach party to the bargain that it will lems connected with the advancement not invade territory set aside for an- of Indians, Filipinos, Hawaiians, other denomination. The scheme is Porto Ricans and other wards of the exactly what now prevails on most United States. At the thirty-first anforeign mission fields. The Methodist nual conference, which was held in Episcopal Board of Home Missions October, considerable interest was favors the arrangement in principle, aroused in the criticisms of Mr. Warbut has no power to make or keep the ren Moorehead of the Board of Incompact until the General Conference dian Commissioners, on the existing of the church orders bishops and dis- conditions in Oklahoma. "The Intrict superintendents to observe ~t. dians," he maintained after special in- American Christian sentiment, there- vestigation, "can no more keep their fore, will look to the next Methodist property than a lamb can escape from General Conference for such an order. the jaws 'of the wolf." Mr. Moore- The Protestant Episcopal Board has head proposed that in place of the answered in about the same terms as present advisory board, the president the Methodist Board. of the United States be empowered by congress to appoint a commission It would seem obvious that a plan of nine men with adequate salaries which has proved itself so useful on and absolute authority, to hold office foreign fields might well be put into for ten years. Such a <commission effect on missionary territory at home. would be responsible for the protec- -The Continent. tion of the Indians and for the de- velopment of plans for.their improve- Congregational Reorganization ment. Congress, however, resents the criticisms and the federal department T HE Congregational Council in rejects the suggestions. Kansas City last October accomplished three things of note. They Translating Denominationalism adopted a new constitution that increases unification of interest and cen- W HILE the recent Episcopal Gentralization of power; they adopted a eral Convention was being held brief and simple statement of belief in N ew York, Bishop Williams of and they accepted a new plan to Michigan, preached from a Baptist coordinate the seven missionary pUlpit a striking sermon on Christian societies of Congregationalism. Ac- unity. He enumerated some of the cording to this latter provision all causes in our life to-day which are active members of the National Coun- making for unity, and then went on to cil are members also of the various say: "Still more does the pressure societies; a Commission of Missions is to be formed with 21 members to

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

wme upon us from the mission fields Nashville, Tennessee. Publicity is a at home and abroad. What do our denominational differences mean to growing force in every line of work the Chinese or the Japanese? That fact is illustrated in the attempt to and it is needed by the Church -as translate our denominational names much as by any other organization. into the Chinese language. The Baptist Church becomes the 'Big Wash The Nashville Christian Advocate explains that the Bureau represents only a step toward the better accom- plishment of the task of the Church Church,' the Presbyterian the 'Church in its evangelizing capacity. To make of Ruling Old Men,' while the Protest- missionary life, enterprise, and deant Episcopal Church is rendered into velopment news for the great reading the 'Church of the Kicking Overseers.' constituency of the secular world is "In desperation, we had to abandon good. To publish this news in the our title and take the old historic name papers of the Church itself is better. of the Catholic or Universal Church of To increase the circulation of this Jesus Christ. Our missionaries are Church literature so that the voice of feeling these insurmountable difficul- missions may reach the largest numties, and consequently they are work- ber of really interested men and ing out a policy of comity, dividing women is undoubtedly best.

responsibilities, arranging regi{)ns of work and spheres ·of influence. Better Negro Progress in Fifty Years still, they are simplifying their Gospel, T HE fiftieth anniversary of the signstripping it of denominational accre- ing of the Emancipation Proclamations, and giving the people simply the tion has been made the occasion for truth of Jesus." considerable comment on the achieve- Response to a Missionary Appeal ments of the race since becoming free. A Hampton Institute leaflet gives an O N a recent Sunday in the Gospel interesting array of facts to support Tabernacle, New York, Rev. A. its statement that no other emanci- B-:-Simpson so stirred a great. audience pated people has made so great a progby an appeal, that $43,142 were sub- ress in so short a time. In 1863 there scribed for missions at the close, in were 4,500,000 negroes in the United amounts varying from $1.00 to $4,000. States and their total wealth was esti- So eager were some to give that they mated at about $20,000,000. To-day went forward and subscribed while he the 10,000,000 negroes own over was in the midst of his appeal. The $700,000,000 worth of property. Fifty most striking incident of the occasion years a:go there were in the South no was the dedication of a one-year-old negro architects, electricians, photogboy, the son of Dr. R. H. Glover, as raphers, druggists, pharmacists, dena missionary. It should be stated tists, physicians, or surgeons; no that the money subscribed was not negro owners of mines, cotton mills, all in cash or personal pledges, but dry goods stores, insurance companies, was for the most part pledges of publishing houses, or theaters; no money to be collected during the year wholesale merchants; no newspapers from local congregations of the Alli- or editors; no undertakers; no reab ance in various States. Nevertheless estate dealers; and no hospital man-.

it represents noble giving. aged by negroes. In 1913 there .are The Scope of a Missionary News Bureau Negroes managing all tht: above kimnds. of enterprises. .

A Missionary Bureau, under the The educational progress of the auspices of the General, Mission race las been no less remarkable than. Boards of the Methodist Episcopal their advance along economic lines.

Church, South, the Southern Presby- Fifty years ago the education of the terian Church, and the Southern Bap- negro in the South had just begun.

tist Church, has been established in There were less than one hundred

schools, and no institutions of higher of the expedition is to heal the old education and secondary education. In wounds that time has partly closed, I9I3 there are over a million and a and to plant in the bosoms of these half negro children in the public original Americans a love for the flag schools of the South, and over 100,- of the country that has adopted them.

000 enrolled in the normal schools and Each tribe is to be given an American colleges. The normal and industrial a flag, many of which are already fly- schools number over 400, and there is ing over Indian reservations. Altho an imposing array of colleges and pro- the Government office on each res- fessional schools. Especially signifi- ervation has its flag, never before, it cant is -the increasing demand for an is said, have the Stars and Stripes efficient and trained ministry, and the floated over the soil reserved for the development of theological seminaries Indians. The only way, however, to to meet that demand. make good citizens of the red men is There has been great progress in to make them good, intelligent Chris- religious matters. It is said that no tians. It has been found on investiga- other people have given a larger per- tion (as reported in The Southern centage of their earnings to religious Workman) that almost none of the work. Ov'er eight per cent. of the Indians educated in Christian schools total wealth of the negro is in Church ever return to the customs of their property. There are four large pub- forefathers.

lishing houses which issue only negro Church literature. Sunday-school The Jews in Canada work has been extensively developed; THE Edinburgh Conference declared a laymen's movement is well under "The time to reach the Jews with way; institutional churches are being the Gospel is now, when they are successfully carried on in several rapidly drifting away from the faith of cities. All the important negro de- their fathers and are groping for somenominations now maintain home and thing they know not what, and the foreign missionary departments. They attempts to give the Gospel to these are contributing over $50,000 a year people have been altogether inadeto foreign missions, and over $roo,ooo quate." The Board of Home Misannually to home missions, supporting sions of the Presbyterian Church in 200 missionaries, and giving aid to Canada is grappling with the problem of Jewish evangelization, which is besome 350 needy Churches. This is coming one of increasing importance. a larger number of Churches and During the last thirty years the numministers than there were in regularly ber of Jews in the Dominion has inorganized negro denominations when creased from 667 to at least I 50,000 the Emancipation Proclamation was signed. and the great promoters of the power- Patriotiam for the Indian ful Jewish Colonization Association T HE American treatment of the In- and the Jewish Territorial Associa- dian from the days of the first set- tion have prepared a scheme for s<:tlers is not, as a whole, a record of tling some hundreds of thousands of which to be proud. But there is prom- Jews in Canada. ise in the plans of the Rodman Wana- A Jewish alderman estimates that maker Expedition of Citizenship to the there are 60,000 Jews in Montreal. North American Indian. This expedi- Twelve or fifteen years ago, when tion, which left Philadelphia with the there were but six or seven thousand, sanction of the President, is visiting the Protestant School Board agreed every one of the 169 Indian tribes in to take and educate the' Jewish the country, bearing to the Indians a children, provided no change be made message of good will and sympathy in the regulations of the Protestant from the great White Father at Wash- schools. For the past few years about ingtem and his people. The mission forty per cent. of the children attend-

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

ing the Protestant schools are Jews, 'Conversation about Present-day Protany they have cost the Protestants estantism.' $roo,ooo a year over and above the taxes received from the Jewish rate "Give heed, beloved children, to the payers. recommendation which we here make to you to read this precious book, The new home of the Toronto which will leave your souls a super- Jewish Mission, with the above name, abundance of faith and enable you to is admirably suited to its work. It look down on Protestanism with the was formally dedicated, on the Sat- disdain which it merits."-Assembly urday afternoon of Assembly week. Herald. June 7th. There were services both afternoon and evening, and quite A Preacher as Minister to Guatemala a number of members of Assembly were present and took part. One of REV. WM. HAYNE LEAVELL, the speakers told of an incident of D. D., has been appointed Envoy last winter, in Knox Church. A Extraordinary and Minister Plenipo- Jew and his wife and eldest child potentiary from U. S. A. to Guatepublicly profest their faith in Christ, mala. The Guatemala daily papers anand then the parents presented the nounce that he is a Presbyterian pastor rest of their children for baptism, a of great reputation and learning, and household of eight. It was like the also famous in matters of science and scenes told in the Book of Acts, where philosophy; that he comes from one whole households were baptized by of the best families in the U. S. and is the Apostles. The pastor is Rev. B. from the first rank of the typical citi- Rohold, a native of Palestine. zens of the northern republic.

SPANISH AMERICA The appointment of a Protestant clergyman to this Roman Catholic An Archbishop's Alarm in Venezuela country is a new experience in diplo- macy. The influence of a strong THE building of a Presbyterian Christian gentleman may be a mighty Church in Caracas, Venezuela, has factor in the progress of Guatemala been made the occasion by the Arch- and may help to develop a still more bishop for the issuing of a manifesto, friendly spirit between the people of addrest to the clergy and the faithful Guatemala and the people of the of the archdiocese, which the Protest- United States and may also help forant missionary calls a splendid adver- ward the cause of Christ. tisement for his work. It is both a lament and a warning, as the follow- Strange Outcome of Persecution ing extracts will show: T HE conversion of three officials in "The Protestant Temple which they an English gold mine in central are building in the center of the capi- Brazil led to the establishment of the tal, already raises its height in the face Brazil section of the Evangelical Union of the towers and cupolas of our of South America. These men-elec- Churches! trician, stenographer and assayer- were finally forced out of their posi- "It would be very strange and as tions because of their Christian testia last calamity which could come upon mony. They put together their savings our country that this false religion, -$s,ooo-dedicatedit to the Lord, enemy of the Immaculate Virgin hired a hall in Ouro Preto, the capital Mary and of the most holy Sacrament, of Minas, for evangelical services and should come at the last hour to leave undertook long cross-country colportits fatal tracks among us! age service. Their center was lat~r "Therefore, beloved children, we transferred to Sao Paulo. Here in come to recommend to you as an antidote to all these errors of Protestants, three years a Church of 150 conthe reading of a book written …by verts – all ex-Romanists – has been Monsignor de Segur, which he called gathered together. In connection with it are nine established stations with

workers in charge, and nearly 600 earth," and as the proposed Dublin baptized converts. One of the native parliament would undoubtedly be conpastors, the late Samuel Mello of trolled from the Vatican, the Protes- Paranagua, was perhaps the most re- tants of the country are stirred to the markable evangelist that Brazil ha~ depths at the prospect of losing the produced. civil and religious liberty which they EUROPE-GREAT BRITAIN have so long enjoyed under the pres- ent union with Great Britain, a union China Inland Mission Growth which secures just and equal treatment T HE number of missionaries has to all Irish subjects regardless of re- grown in fifty years from none to ligious faith. Tho the Protestants 1,040. This number includes 260 as- constitute only one-fourth of the pop- sociate workers who are in the main ulation, they produce more than two- Swedish, Norwegian and German. Of thirds of the revenue of the whole the remaining 780 missionaries, a cer- country. That means that under the tain proportion come from North proposed Home Rule regime the Prot- America and Australia, but the bulk of estants would earn the money and the them are from the British Isles. It is Romanists would spend it, and spend important to observe that tho the staff it, as past experience proves, in the in- numbers 1,040, not all of these are terests of their Church. The Presby- available for active service at the terian, the Protestant Episcopal (pop- front, so that the need for more mis- ularly known as the Church of Ire- sionaries becomes more manifest and land) and the Methodist Churches, more urgent. There are: On the home which together comprize almost the staff, 28; detained at home, 37; away total Protestant population, have all on furlough, 227; students in China, taken official action on the subject, de- 45; in the field, 703; total, 1,040. claring in strong terms their opposi- What a remarkable progress, since it tion to Home Rule.

was founded in 1865! In forty-seven THE CONTINENT years it has grown from nothing to a T staff of 1,04o-an average of a clear Temperance Laws in France increase after all loses of 22 per an- HE French Government, alarmed num. There are few other foreign at the rapid spread of drunken- missions (if any) that can show such ness in France, is bestirring itself to a record as this one which has gone drastic measures for its suppression, forward so bravely, trusting in God. and with a finely independent scorn In addition to the staff of foreign mis- for any paltry gibes about "grand- sionaries, the C. 1. M. has 21,190 motherly legislation"! The proposed recognized Chinese helpers of varying provisions will deprive a creditor of kinds. With the missionary staff and his power to recover a debt incurred associates this makes a total of 3,230. for drink; will protect the rights of The comlllunicants number 27,344; mothers and children, and deal with and from the commencement there the drunken husband; and will forbid have been over 40,000 baptisms. the employment in public-houses of boys under fifteen, and girls under IIrish Protestants Opposed to Home Rule sixteen years of age. It makes us feel N return for the long-continued sup- it is time for our own legislature to port of the Roman Catholic Na- "get a move on" in the dir,ection of tionalists of Ireland, the Liberal Party similar repressive measures.

in Great Britain has promised to es- .A German Princess as a Missionary tablish Home Rule in Ireland, with a T parliament at Dublin. As three- HE German Sudan-Pionier mission has sent recently several missionfourths of the Irish people are Roman Catholics and boast that they are "the aries one of them was Princess Maria most Catholic nation on the whole Agnes von Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen.

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

The Kaiser Becomes a Teetotaler tion of land in Palestine amounts to BERLIN, Sept. 2o-(Special to Co- over $880,000. lumbus Citizen) .-Kaiser Wilhelm has become a "teetotaler." This is not A Defeat of Superatition a sudden notion of the Kaiser. It is FOR a thousand years ignorance said to be the gradual development and superstition have been workfrom moderate drinking to abstinence ing hand in hand with religious covering a period of several years and now resulting from the personal con- prejudice. This is especially true in reviction that alcohol is injurious to the gard to the Jews of Russia and central individual and an obstructive factor Europe. It is worse than the witch- hunting mania of four hundred years in the development of the nation. Statistics of the havoc caused in Ger- ago. The latest outbreak of this hatred many by the immoderate use of alco- and superstition that has come to pubhol are said to have made a deep im- lic notice is the now famous case of pression on the Kaiser. Germany is known as a nation of moderate drink- Mendel Beiliss of Kiev, Russia, who ing rather than for unusual drunken- was accused of the murder of a young ness. And yet it is shown that drink boy for ritualistic purposes in concauses annually 11,,600 suicides, 1,300 nection with the passover feast of accidents, 30,000 cases of delirium tremens and insanity, and 180,000 119911 I. There were many similar accucrimes. More than 60 per cent. of the sations in the middle ages, but in every insane, S2 per cent. of the epileptics, case that is possible of investigation 46 per cent. of the criminals, and 82 the evidence of gross superstition, haper cent. of the immoral women are tred and ignorance is too clear to give reported to have been born of drunken the slightest grounds for belief in such parents. a practise among the Jews.

The astounding thing in the present case is that the Czar of Russia, Nicolas II., and other prominent Russians are The Zionist Congress said to believe in the truth of these T HE world was deeply interested in stories of ritualistic murder. Protests . the recent great Zionist convention against this have been made in many held in Vienna. There had been so lands by Jews and Christians. In spite much bitterness manifested by those of threats and much pressure brought who oppose the Palestine colonization upon the court to find the defendant movement, that the best informed ex- guilty, Mendel Beiliss has been ac- pected a serious rupture when the quitted. Russian newspa{Jers general- meeting convened. Both sides did ly accept the verdict as just, but many take strong ground, and the two fear a popular anti-Jewish agitation parties had frequent and serious that may even end in another pogrom.

clashes. The strife between foremost A band known as the "Black Hun- Jewish leaders threatened for a time dred" has been making hostile demon- to break up the convention, but the strations. Russia is still struggling to skies cleared and from it all the Zion- emerge from medieval darkness. The ists came out all the stronger for the acceptance of the full teachings of strife. The effort to turn away those Jesus Christ and the establishment of who were undecided proved a failure, true religious liberty is the only hope arid before the convention closed, dif- for a victorious civilization in the Rus- ferences were forgotten, and $100,000 sian Empire.

was subscribed for a Jewish university A Change of Sentiment in Italy at Jerusalem. Much is being done to W aid Jews in Palestine to secure em- HEN the Baptist Convention was held in l3isaccia, in Southployment, and directors of the Jewish National Fund voted 2,000 pounds ern Italy, the Mayor attended the re- sterling for dwellings. The money in ception given to the delegates, and the banks available with the acquisi- about 800 persons were present at the

service in the chapel. This statement, write that it is impossible .to raise the in a daily newspaper, would mean lit- money for them to go back to college, tle if it were not remembered that in as the war has taken everything. 1910 Bisaccia was filled with the cry "Down with Americans! Down with The college is entering on a new Protestants!" and the Mayor threat- era of prosperity, with a new campus, ened to drive out the heretics, once for fifty acres in extent, and the fine all. The Government, to avoid blood- buildings, j u'st completed, which are shed, protected Mr. Stuart, the Amer- the gifts of Mrs. Sage, Mrs. Helen ican Baptist missionary, with soldiers, Gould-Shepard, Miss Olive Stokes who were sent to Bisaccia and kept and Mr. John D. Rockefeller. there at the expense of the town until complete order had been restored. A Sanitarium on Mt. Lebanon Over 40 persons were arrested but the Baptist pastor interceded in their DR. MARY EDDY of Syria, writfavor, asking that they be pardoned ing from the heights of Lebanon, or sentenced to a minimum punish- reports that building is going on slowly ment. but steadily for the necessary struc- tures of her tuberculosis sanitarium This magnanimous attitude caused among the Lebanon cedars. The open a reaction so that Mr. Stuart was able air dining-room, inclosed in wire to buy ground on which he built a screens, is finished, as also two new stone chapel and a school. The re- bath-houses for men and women and action reached its climax when the a recreation pavilion for men. The Baptist pastor married the daughters foundations are in for the reception of the Vice-Mayor of Bisaccia, who hospital and the separate shelter pavihad been one of the leaders against lions for the men and women patients. the Evangelicals. The new water system is also in opera- tion and the fresh. supply of running MOSLEM LANDS water in every building is considered the greatest boon of all. Conatantinople College Meanwhile, the very limited tem- O NE of the results of the Balkan porary building which Dr. Eddy wars is that many of the students placed on the mountain when she first of Constantinople College for Women began sanitarium work is crowded were unable to return at the be- with a total of forty-five patients and ginning of the autumn term. Its attendants. pr. Eddy is raising ten students, who number more than 300, kinds of vegetables in the sanitarium come from all parts of the Balkans. garden and is fighting in every posand represent different races and lan- sible way to keep down the cost of guages, which in the college come living and make her funds serve as together on a common basis as stud- many sufferers as she can possibly ents of one language and literature. reach. The Outlook thinks that if the Balkan States are ever welded into something INDIA like lasting solidarity, it will be because two institutions on the Bospho- Councils of Missions in India rus-Robert College and Constantinople College-have taught the men O NE of the far-reaching results and women of the peninsula that civ- traceable to the meetings which ilization is founded on mutual under- were held under the auspices of the standing. The need for such training Edinburgh Continuation Committee is makes the loss of it more to be de- the organization in Bombay last Sepplored, and adds pathos to the fact tember of the Representative Couricil that among others, two fine girls, who of Missions in Western India, the first would be seniors this year, daughters permanent official interdenominationof Protestant pastors in Bulgaria, al union of Missionary Societies in the Bombay Presidency. Every mission in the Presidency had been invited to

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join. Twenty-five of these had offici- far into the night. When they leave ally accepted the invitation. Among they unfold' from their scanty garthe business transacted was theelec- ments an offering, sometimes even of tion of representatives from this Bom- a hundred rupees) to the Lord's work. bay Provincial Council to the National There are now 14,000 church-mem- Representative Council of Missions; bers and the number grows continuthe decision to take over the work ally. Hundreds of colliers in the mines which is now being done by the West- have been baptized. Railway workers ern India Missionary Association in and locomotive engineers are being respect of the Poon~ L~nguage ~ch.ool, converted. The pastors tithe their the Marathi Exammahon of MlsslOn- salaries of $50 annually. Farmers aries, and a General Educational Com- come seventy miles on foot to plead mittee for the Presidency; plans for for pastors. One pastor came to the taking up work now carried or: by the station hatless and shoeless to win help Missionary Educational Umon of for 170 persons whom he had pre- Bombay and the Western India ~is­ pared for baptism, by night trips over sionary Association, and the appomt- cobra-infested paths. This makes 600 ment of a committee on Christian lit- whom he has won for Christ. Villages resound with Gospel hymns. erature for the Presidency. A Native Indian Christian Congress was also held in Madras for the week CHINA of October 6 to 12. Bible readings The New President and Parliament were given on "Christ, our Exemplar." Evening addresses were on the A few days after his election by the subject "Heaven and Hell," and eva~­ two houses of Parliament, early gelistic meetings were conducted m in October, Yuan Shih Kai was inaugurated with elaborate military the open air. pomp and ceremony, at the palace of One Alphabet for India? the Ming dynasty in Peking. His term THE illiterates in India are said to of office is for five years, and he is number 295,000,000. They speak eligible for reelection to one term only. 200 languages and dialects with over 50 different scripts. They are scattered The keynote of his inaugural adover an area of 1,500,000 square miles dress was modernization and progress, and live in 800,000 villages with only without too rapid transition from the one school for six villages. The aver- old to the new. He spoke cordially age earnings of the poorer classes are of education and science and of the I I-3d. per head per day. When these need of foreign talent and capital, perfacts are realized, the importance of tinently remarking that China was like a common alphabet becomes immense. a man possest of buried treasure Rev. Joshua Knowles, formerly of the who yet complains of poverty. He L. M. S. mission in Pareychaley, has promised also to strengthen the friendso far developed his plans for a R?- ly relations with foreign powers and manic alphabet for the whole of IndIa to observe all treaties entered into by that he was asked to read a paper to the Manchu and the Provisional govthe British Association in September. ernments. He hopes that state action may follow in due time. Whether President Yuan's financial and political-success will equal his mil- itary and disciplinary achievements re- mains to be s·een, but the expUlsion of Notable Methodist Ingatherings 300 deputies from parliament because T HE Methodist revival among the they opposed his policies and program, Telugus is as remarkable as that the declaration of martial law in Pe- in the Baptist Telugu Mission two tkoin~gwweearnr,d the recall of older statesmen decades ago. Companies of villagers savors more of Mexii.can .ddic- are reported as walking long distances tatorship' th:amn of true Republhicamnism.

to attend prayer-meetings, which last President Yuan has a difficult task be-

fore him but it is hoped that he may appointment becomes highly signifi- yet bring order out of chaos. cant when we think of the dreadful WConfucianism as a State Religion? year 1900 when China wanted to de- HILE encouraging reports have stroy every Christian in her land: To- come of the interest in Christi- day she is represented by one.

anity shown by thousands of Chinese A Chapel in a Chinese Prison students, it must be remembered that By the order of the governor a new there are thousands more who have prison was built in Fuchau, not been touched. We have already which is provided with a chapel where referred to the attempt of a former the Christian inmates may hold serstudent of Columbia University, New vices, and the local missionaries have York, to induce the Chinese govern- been requested to appoint regular ment to restore Confucianism to its old prison chaplains. Unrestricted priviplace as the State religion. Officials leges have been granted to Christian regard the movement as of importance, clergymen to visit the prisons. believing that it indicates reactio.nary tendencies. Chinese Bandit. Capture Missionaries C The leader of the movement is Che HINESE brigands, said to num- ber one thousand, led by the Huan-Chang, one of China's most learned young men, a member of the notorious bandit, White Wolf, whom Hanlin Academy and a doctor of the Government has been fighting for philosophy of Columbia University. several months, early in October cap- He has organized the Confucian As- tured five American and four Nor- wegian missionaries of the Lutheran sociation, which numbers among its Church at Tsao Yang in the northern ranks some of the most distinguished part of the province of Hupeh. Four scholars of the republic, and which has thousand troops were ordered into the just closed a national convention at district, but it was suggested that ran- Chu-Fu, Shan-Tung, the birthplace and burial place of Confucius. While soms might prove a quicker means of the state religion movement will prob- saving the lives of the captives as the ably fail, the revival of Confucianism troops were not capable or zealous enough to effect their release. The is one of great importance. American vice-consul at Shanghai re- I f a state religion were revived ported that the little son of one of the missionaries had been killed and other many conscientious men in official life foreigners maltreated by the brigands. would be obliged to decline to take part in state religious services, because Later, when the brigands attempted to force their way out of the city, the to do so would violate their own re- Government troops attacked them, and ligious beliefs. Such an act would they retired within the walls of the also create difficulties for Christian city. Two hundred bandits and eleven schools and Christian government of- soldiers were killed. ficers. The young Confucian said he did not see why this should be so, and.

declared that there had never been any A A Strange Prayer Meeting trouble of that sort in China until CONTRIBUTOR to the Quar- Christianity came in, as the Buddhists terly Record of the National and Mohammedans had found it pos- Bible Society of Scotland reports sible to join in Confucian ceremonies. that in June the Buddhists, Taoists China's Christian Ambassador and Mohammedans in Tientsin held D R. W. W. YEN, the newly ap- an indignation meeting to protest pointed Chinese Ambassador to against the slight placed upon their Germany, is a Christian. He is the religions by the President when first Chinese Christian to hold that he asked the Christians to pray office. His father is Rev. Y. K. Yen for the welfare of China. After a of Peking. The importance of this good deal of aimless discussion and

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mild vituperation, one of the leading knowledged Jesus Christ as Lord; men proposed that they should show now there are 84,000 Protestant their patriotism by sinking their differ- church-members. Then scarce an orences for the nonce, and holding a dained n<ltive minister; now 665. monster prayer-meeting of their own. Then the only Sunday-schools were But they could not decide to whom the close to the missionary's home; now prayers should be addrest. A promi- there are 1,850 of them. Then the nent Christia;n, who had attended the scholars in these schools were largely meeting from curiosity, suggested that the pupils in the few Christian they unite in presenting their petitions schools; now we have 100,000 such to Shang-ti, the term used in the Chi- childern in the Sunday-schools, and nese Classics for the "Supreme Ruler," when 12,000 of them gathered in one and adopted by the Protestant millions hall in Tokyo recently it made an imas the Christian term for God. This pression that has been lasting. Then suggestion being favorably received not a self-supporting church in the the meeting soon changed in character, land; now 174 of them, and the church when fervent prayer was offered by is steadily growing in power. the few Christians present; but when the members of the other religions Japan Seeking a Religion ventured upon extempore prayer, their efforts are said to have been sadly THE Japan Mission of the Southern lacking in coherency and unction. Presbyterian Church in their an- nual meeting drew up an appeal to the JAP AN-KOREA Executive Committee at home which is to be commended for its statesman- Growth of Episcopal Missions like quality. The careful study made of the field assigned to the Mission IN 1861 there was only one bishop of has led to the following conclusions: the American Episcopal Church "That in order to fully occupy our and one bishop of the Church of Eng- territory with that end in view, we land in all China and Japan. The first should establish at least fifteen new converts of modern missionary effort stations, in addition to strengthening had not been baptized in Japan. There the seven already partially occupied. was but a handful of Christians of any name in China. To-day in both China "An increase of 65 ordained men and Japan there are fully organized national churches. Japan has 7 dio- and 69 single lady missionaries, ~hat ceses with as many bishops, two American, four English and one is 134 in all, will be necessary for the Canadian. China has 11 dioceses and complete occupation of the field. as many bishops, three American, seven English and one Canadian. In "That a careful estimate of our both churches the communicants are needs in material equipment calls for numbered by the thousands, besides at least $700,000. many additional thousand baptized members and adherents. "Current statements to the contrary, the day of opportunity has not waned Progress of a Generation in Japan. We have never had a wider opportunity than at the present time. C HRISTIANITY has already The nation is seeking a satisfactory made great progress in Japan. basis fO'[ its morals, and it is realizing The changes leading toward the Chris- as never before, that morality must tian goal are everywhere manifest and have a religious basis. Japan is seekthere is much to enCOU!1age. Thirty ing a religion. Now, if ever, is the years have seen immense changes. opportunity of the Christian Church." Then there was scarcely a church building in the land; now there are Final Outcome of Korean Trials 1,600 of them. Then very few ac- T HOSE who have been following in detail the prosecution of the Korean Christians will remember that the first trial of Baron Yun Chi Ho

and his five companions was declared ually-minded and strongly religious. void by the Supreme Court, and that Many missionaries believe that the when the case was remanded they were Koreans are to become the evangelists tried and sentenced again. The report of the Orient.-Christian Observer. of this second trial makes it more than ever difficult to understand how the NORTH AFRICA condemnation of the prisoners can be justified, or even sustained by legal "A Results of Minions in Africa technicalities. The Supreme Court on ND now what of the results of review of the original proceedings held Protestant missions in Africa? that the evidence did not support the I submit a few suggestive statistics, verdict against the prisoners. At the quoting first three sentences from Mr. new trial no new evidence whatever Donald Fraser's book. 'In this wide was introduced and the prosecution field of West Africa there are now 20 rested wholly on the same alleged mbsionary societies at work and a naproofs that it presented before. On tive Christian community of at least these discredited grounds the court 175,000 souls. . . In South Africa reaffirmed its former verdict so that there are now some 30 missionary so- Baron Yun Chi Ho and his compan- cieties and they claim a membership of ions must serve their sentence. He is, a little over a quarter of a million nahowever, using his term in prison to tives. . . In East and Central Africa preach the gospel to his fellow prison- there are at least 50,000 native memers whom no missionary can visit. bers of the Christian Church.' Turn- ing to the Kongo mission I consult the A Korean Missionary to China volume lately issued by Dr. Anet, the Belgian pastor, who has recently vis- T HE Korean Church in many re- ited the Kongo in the interests of the spects approaches nearest of all new Belgian mission. He gives these the Churches to the Apostolic Church. totals, confessedly incomplete, as some It has suffered the fiery ordeal of per- returns are wanting. Protestant missecution. Its members are apostolic in sions in Kongo BeIge have 52 stations, their evangelistic fervor and zeal and 947 outstations, zz7 white missionin their implicit faith .in the power of aries, 2,z75 native helpers, zz,013 prayer. They consecrate thek prop- communicants, 34,167 scholars, IO erty and their talents and their time in doctors, 9 hospitals, 25 dispensaries, much the same way that the early 7 printing presses and 6 steamers. Christians did. And now the latest These figures do not include the Eng.. evidence of -apostoliC zeal is the send- !ish and American Baptist missions in ing of a Korean missionary to China, Portuguese Kongo, nor the Swedish Pastor Pak., who is to go as the rep- mission in French Kongo." resentative of the Presbyterian Church. EAST AFRICA Korea thus answers the argument Choosing a New Name sometimes made against foreign missions, that there is too much work at F ROM Uganda comes the news that home to send missionaries abroad. Al- one of the converts recently baptho there are millions in Korea yet tized at Mityana, in the county of Sinto be evangelized, men and women and go, is called "The Last of the Barons." children of their own people, language In the days of King Mwanga he was and customs, and nation, yet the Kor- a prominent figure at court, but after ean Christians are willing to send their Mwanga was exiled he settled down missionaries to other people. And out at Kasaka. There he twice burned of their scanty means, a daily income down the mission-house. He chose the so small that Americans wonder how name of Jonah, and when he was they live at all, they provide the salary asked why, he said: "Jonah was a and expense of their foreign mission- rebel; that is what I have been; now ary. Koreans are naturally spirit- I want to claim my Nineveh." Jonah,

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back again in his old home, is already savage lives, wearing little or nothing a real influence among the pleople who in the way of clothes, living under an along with him have all these years awful tyranny of barbarous customs. been rebelling against the Gospel of associated with bloodshed and much Christ. agony of mind and body. Yet now if any of the readers of this book could AnotAer Live African Church go out to the heart of Kongoland, they would be astonished at the aspect of T HE Rev. A. W. McGregor of Wei- many villages, with their well-'built thage, in the Kenia province, is brick houses, their happy, contented. greatly encouraged by the fact that the industrious people, clothed to a rea- Christians and catechumens are realiz- sonable extent, and as Christian in ing more their responsibility for bring- thought oOr behavior as the people of ing the truth to the heathen around London are or should be." them. Every Wednesday they go to four large markets where the audiences A Great Revival vary from five hundred to five or six thousand. Another encouragement is T HE Missionary Intelligencer, orthat Mr. McGregor can appeal to any gan of the Christian Church, reof the native Christians to help in any ports that this has been the greatest way, either in the services, schools or year their mission in Africa has ever open-air work. He mentions an ap- known. Heaven's blessings have atpeal which he made in behalf of the tended their labors. The number of British and Foreign Bible Society: baptisms so far has reached 1,30 1. "I told the congregation that on the There seems to be a revival in several following Sunday we would have col- of the outposts. When we remember lections for the Bible Society to send that in the last nine months there have the Word of God to other nations who been 331 baptisms at Lotumbe and were not as favorably situated as even 468 for the year, we s~e that the rt;- the Kikuyus were. On the following vival must be somethmg extraordI- Sunday their offerings amounted to Rs 35 (£2 6s. 8d.). One wrote me: nary. 'I send a sheep, but I don't want my name mentioned lest people should Amazing Growth Continues talk. I want to give it to send the Gospel to others.' This sheep was sold for T HE wonderful Church of Elat, in Rs 12 (16s.). A good number of ru- the center of the West Africa pees were in the collection. When the mission of the Presbyterian Board. Kikuyus give rupees away for God's continues to grow at a marvelous rate. work there must be some reality." At the midsummer communion the congregation numbered 5,800, and 2()() WEST AFRICA were baptized and received into full membership. The first confession of Succeaa on the Kongo Christ was made by I40. After ser- vice the elders met and advanced 45() FIGURES appeal but faintly to the from the first to the second class of imagination. A volume has just catechumens. At Eulasi, where a been published by Mr. Kenred Smith, preaching outpost has been esta~lished Kongo missionary, entitled "Kongo- in order to prevent overcrowdmg of land, a Book for Young People." Sir the main Elat Church, there were Harry Johnston has written an intro- 3,600 present. Here 27 were baptized duction, which contains the following and 200 advanced to the second class passage, immensely significant as the in the catechism. It thus appears that statement of so competent and dispas- on communion Sunday the total atsionate an observer: "Many of the tendance for Elat congregation in its Baptist missionaries still at work in two houses 'of worship considerably inner Kongoland have known that exceeded 9,000, and the communion region when it was populated exclu- additions were almost 300. – The sively by negroes leading absolutely Continent.

Gospel Progress in Sierra Leone their precious burden to the British O NE mission reports as follows: authorities at Zanzibar. The Rev. G. Number of missionaries 27. Na- W. Wright, of Mombasa, says: "One tive workers 68. Our mission is located by one our old friends who were land- in Sierra Leone, which is a British ed here from British warships after possession on the west coast, between Sir Bartle Frere had made his treaty seven and ten degrees north latitude. with the Sultan of Zanzibar, are pass- It lies between the French possession ing away to their rest. Retired Mom- of Senegal on the north and the inde- basa missionaries, and perhaps their pendent negro republic of Liberia on friends, may remember the name of the southeast. Its greatest length from old Leah Rubea; also of Alamasi, west to east is about 180 miles, and afterward baptized Danieli. Both died from north to south about 210 miles. lately. Old Leah Rubea had a shin- In addition to this, recently a strip ing face and a smile that was worth about 25 miles wide has been added having come a long way to assist to to its eastern frontier from Liberian intensify. Perhaps it was the suffer- territory. According to the recent ing these rescued slaves had often to census, the population is given at 1,- undergo that deepened their natures 4°2,785; of these 822 are white and and steadied them. Alamasi had done the remainder belong to the indige- a great deal of caravan work before nous tribes of the territory anci settlers he settled down. In those days he from other parts of Africa. Probably gave little promise, I am told, of be- no other part of the continent has so coming a help to us. His baptism and many different tribes within so small confirmation changed all that."

an area. In the city of Freetown and on the small peninsula can be found SOUTH AFRICA the representatives of at least 40 dis- A New Scheme for EvangeIization tinct tribes, while some authonties put A LAYMAN, writing in the London it much higher. The following tribes Guardian, thinks that it is due to are indigenous to the territory: Temni, the missionaries more than to any Sherbro, Mendi, Kono, Koronko, other agency that the small minority Mandingo, Ulunko, Limba, Lukko, of white people in South Africa are and Susu. The great number of tribes, able to live in security among the overand, consequently, the diversity of whelming mass of the native populalanguage, makes the field a particular- tion. If it were not for them, the naly difficult one, and at the same time tives might feel that they had no has led all the missions to conduct friends among the whites to care for their schools in the English language. them for their own sakes, and when Our mission conducts work among the natives have before their eyes so many Tertmi, Sherbro, Mendi, and Kono bad examples in white persons, l1he tribes and the Creole peoples. work of missionaries is needed to show CENTRAL AFRICA them that such conduct is not the livingstone's "Faithful Naaik Boy•." recognized standard of Englishmen and Christians. The writer states that THE celebration of the cenetenary a friend, in answer to some such ob- of the birth of David Livingstone servations, said it would be much bet- and references in recent letters from ter, instead of missionaries. to send out the East Coast to the freed slaves re- a thousand traders of such excellent mind us of the six faithful N asik character that they would set an ex~ "boys" who, in spite of hunger, fatigue ample of higher civilization without and sickness, bore the body of Living- preaching Christianity and upsetting stone across an almost pathless coun- natural conditions. "But who is to find try for more than a thousand miles, the virtuous thousand? Who is to fi- their journey extending over a period nance them? And supposing the of nine months, until they delivered thousand found, what is there to se-

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cure that their virtue will be perma- causes mentioned are: (I) the large nent and stand the strain of years of congregation of natives in mining exile and isolation??"" The scheme of areas, separated for long periods from industrial missions for the training their native women; (2) the contact and employment of natives, and for with undesirable Europeans; (3) the the development of the natural re- employment of male natives as domessources of the country, under Chris- tic servants and nurse boys. Respecttian laymen who are men of business able natives have a feeling of abhor- and under missionary auspices, but rence against such crimes, but when separate from the missionaries, is very native respect for white women is dedifferent and much more practical. creased or when the power of self- "T Khama'. New Church restraint is lessened by indulgence in HE new church in Khama's strong drink, sexual and other crimes capital is not ready for opening greatly increase. yet," writes Miss Sharp of Serowe, "It has taken much longer to build The Commission favors the enact- ment and the enforcement of stricter than they at first thought, as there laws prohibiting the sale of intoxihas been difficulty in getting supplies cants to natives, the infliction of of water. The rainfall has been so heavier penalties on white men and small in Bechuanaland this year that women who supply liquor illegally and the water has had to be brought long the establishment of canteens where distances. Our people have worked non-intoxicating "Kaffir Beer" shall well to help with the building, have be supplied regularly and in limited carried up all the stones as they were quantities.

prepared, in their wagons, and a ISLAND WORLD number of the men have been working American Filipino Policy F on the building with the white men RANCIS BURTON HARRISON, the new governor-general of the every day since they began to build. '[<he people have, as you know, col-' lected all the money to build their own Philippine Islands, on October 6th, at church-some £10,000. The women Manila, announced the policy of Preshave carried almost all the water used, ident Wilson toward those islands. Semane, the chief's wife, often going The declaration had been prepared by with them, to set them a good ex- the President before Mr. Harrison ample. I t has been especially hard left for his post. It is in no important work for the people this year as there sense different from what has been deis very little corn in the town, and the clared by other presidents to be the inpeople kave had to be away at cattle- tention of the United States governposts most of the time, where they can ment toward the Filipinos-ultimate get milk. When one goes round the independence. President Wilson says: town it looks quite empty, with gates "We regard ourselves as trustees, act- ing not for the advantage of the and doors shut." United States but for the benefit of Strong Drink and Crime the people of the Philippine Islands.

A GRAVE question in South Africa Every step we take will be taken with is the relation of the natives to the a view to the ultimate independence white race. A kindred subject is the of the islands and as a preparation for prevalence of crime. The South Africa that independence, and we hope to Commission on the "Assaults of move toward that end as rapidly as natives on white women" report that the safety and the permanent interests the use of intoxicating liquors is one of the islands will permit. After each of the chief causes of such crimes. step taken, experience will guide us to The total number of charges of as- the next." There is to be a change in sault for the Union in I912 were IIS, the composition of the Filipino Com- resulting in 70 convictions. The other mission membership. Heretofore five

members of it have been Americans in our mission. Just out in front of and four Filipinos. Hereafter the ma- the present mission house is a huge jority will be Filipinos. rock, nearly covered at high tide. This is called 'Tau veu,' or 'man- Raymond Robins, returning from rock,' and here in past days the people the Men and Religion trip around the of Suau laid their victims, while the world, says that while in the Philip- horrible process of dividing the spoil pines he learned to believe, contrary was carried out. to his untraveled impression, that the United States ought not to try setting "The church is well built and goodup the Filipinos to govern themselves looking, and, as tho a further proof any time in the near future. An "anti- of its consecration, twenty-eight new imperialist" before, Mr. Robins now church members were baptized at the tells friends that he thinks the pres- very first service in it. There seems ence of an American government in a great and good future before this the Philippines well justified by what new church in the old heathen village, it has accomplished for the betterment and we earnestly hope it may fulfil all of life there since the Spanish regime expectations. Suau is not 'a city set ended. on a hill' in the actual sense a f the phrase, but it is 'a village at a good Open-air Preaching in Formosa anchorage,' which out here means the same thing. Boats pass and repass T HESE striking examples of results and often anchor at Suau which are of open-air preaching are given by never even seen by other villages, and Mr. Hope Moncrieff: "Some years if Suau earns and keeps a good repuago a man stopt to hear a foreign mis- tation it will travel far." sionary preaching in mid-Formosa. He passed on. Two years later German Misllion in New Guinea trouble visited his home, and he remembered a few words of what he T HE Neuendettelsauer Mission had had heard, and went at once to the at the beginning of this year in nearest church to see if the Christians' -Kaiser-Wilhelm-Land, New Guinea, God could help him. To-day he is 16 mission stations with a plantation one of the finest Chinese Christians I and sawing plant; 26 missionaries; 17 have ever met. A notorious Chinese lady missionaries; 9 merchants. Of criminal was imprisoned by the J ap- these 35 are native workers. Its conanese. After many years of confine- gregational membership is 3,593. Pument he suddenly remembered having pils in the different schools 1,393; inheard a man preach of Christ, in the quirers 1,290. The contributions of streets, years before. He fell on his the native Christians amounted to knees, and prayed: 'Jesus save me!' 169,752 marks. From that time his conduct changed and he was granted a remittance of Unoccupied Fields in Dutch East Indies sentence. It was a Sabbath morning when he was released, and he literally T HE missionary occupation of the ran to the nearest Christian church. East Indian Archipelago under Afterward he bcame a member of Dutch rule is far from adequate. that church." Twelve societies are at work there with 266 foreign missionaries. The Former Cannibals Build a Church total popUlation of the Dutch East In- dies is about 37,000,000. Of these T HE London Missionary Society nearly all are Moslem (35,000,000), Chronicle tells of the dedication while 500,000 are Christians and the of a new church at Suau, in its mis- remaining 1,500,000 are heathen. sion in Papua, and Mrs. Rich, of the mission, writes as follows: Some of the islands are entirely un- occupied fields: Madura, Bali, Lom- "Suau was a cannibal village, its bok and parts of Sumatra. The greatpeople wild and savage and feared; est obstacle to the Gospel is :Moslem to-day it is one of the most promising aggressiveness. Some fields are espe-

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

cially fruitful in Christian converts been twenty years on the field, he and in this Archipelago large numbers was worth in his indirect expansion have been won to Christ from Islam. of trade and commerce £10,000 per The Netherlands Society is placing es- year to British Commerce.-:-Ex. pecial emphasis on native evangelism and has established six training T Mi••ions in the Sunday-.ehool schools in the last six years. Day HE SPIRIT OF MISSIONS schools, hospitals, leper asylums, (Episcopalian) from henceforth churches and other forms of work are is to have a Sunday-school department, also bringing encouraging results. and says concerning it: Dr. Baron van Boetzelaer van Dub- "Doubtless there are superintendents beldam has been appointed Missionary and teachers who do not recognize Consul or Confidential Agent of the missionary instruction as being a nec- Rhenish Society, to represent the mis- essary or desirable part of the Sunsion before the Government Council. day-school curriculum. As a matter of fact, it is the very soul of all suc- MISCELLANEOUS cessful Sunday-school work, and in its essence is doubtless being inad- What Miaaionaries Have Done vertently and unconsciously given by all faithful teachers. The purpose of MISSIONARIES have translated a Sunday-school is the education of a the Bible into about seven-tenths Christian; a Christian is a member of of the languages of the world's speech. a body; that body is the body of Christ, and its purpose in the world is Missionaries have done more than to make Christ known. By these anyone class to bring peace among steps we arrive inevita~Jy at the missavage tribes. sionary idea. In some form the mis- sionary motive has underlain all real All the museums of the world spiritual and ecclesiastical progress. have been enriched by the examples But it is desirable to make definite, of the plants, animals, and products systematic and attractive this thing of dista.nt countries collected by which has been too much in the backmissionaries. ground of our religious education, for from it will flow the inspiration of the The export trade of the United whole." States to Asiatic countries jumped from about $58,000,000 in 1903 to Medieval Worship and Christian Missiona about $127,000,000 in 1905, which was due chiefly to missionary in- A CORRESPONDENT of East fluence. and West voices his feeling that those who would imitate the devo- Missionaries were the first to give tion and self-sacrifice of medieval any information about the far in- Christians make a mistake in clingterior of Africa. They have given ing to the same form of expresthe world more accurate geographi- sion. During the Middle Ages those cal knowledge of that land than all who desired to consecrate their money other classes combined. to the extension of the kingdom of God felt that the erection of It is to missionary efforts that all costly churches was the most effec- South Sea literature is due; there is tiv~ means of advancing the kingdom not a single case on record of the of God and His glory. It was not reduction to writing of a Polynesian possible then for them to contriblanguage by another than a Chris- ute to missionary colleges or to multian worker. tiply churches outside the pale of Christianity, inasmuch as three-quar- The missionaries have expanded ters of the globe was unknown to the world's commerce. The trade with the Fiji Islands in one year is more than the entire amount spent in fifty years in Christianizing them. A great English statesman estimated that when a missionary had

them. Their spiritual successors to- she then took charge of the train- day best follow them, not by erecting ing of Bible women.

buildings that vie with one another Sailing for Tsun Hwa, China, in in cost and magnificence, but by giv- 1887, she began the first medical ing their support to those who are ork undertaken by a woman in promoting Christian worship in places that city. From a handful of pa- which so far lack the institutions of tients the first year, she worked UP.

the Christian religion. with tireless zeal, a training class.

Rome'. Meager Gifts to Missions and opened a hospital and dispensary. From a hundred or so to thousands IT is an interesting fact that the Prot- of patients treated annually, from estant churches of the world give brief journeys outside the city to long more than $20,000,000 annually for trips to the Chinese Wall, from a foreign missions. This fact was smattering acquaintance with the brought out prominently through the language to a charming familiarity compilation of statistics made by -all this was the achievement of the Laymen's Missionary Movement. Dr. Terry. Once she made a famous When the startling figures were pub- journey of twelve hundred miles in lished, Roman Catholic prelates be- a Chinese cart. When she came gan to investigate the contributions home on leave she used her vacations of that Church with its large member- largely to increase her skill in her ship, and now the general director of profession. K0 missionary has a more the Society for the Propagation of the successful record than Dr. Terry. Faith gives out the information that after canvassing the gifts of that Rev. Robert Forbes D.D.

Church throughout the whole world, T HE Board of Home Missions and he finds the sum to be in excess of $6,- Church Extension of the Method- 000,000 for missions, both home and ist Episcopal Church has lost a valued foreign. The Society for the Propaga- officer by the recent death of Rev. Rob- ert Forbes, D.D., Corresponding Section of the Faith reports about $1,- retary of the Board. He passed away at Duluth, Minn., on October 25, after 300,000 as passing through its treas- being seized with a sudden and seriou::> ury, one-half of which is given in illness while attending a conference at France and one-sixth in the United States.

OBITUARY Eugene, Ore.

P. Z. Easton of Persia Dr. Forbes' career embraces 42 years of ministry in the Methodist REV. PETER ZACCHEUS Episcopal Church. He was a member EASTON, who was for forty- of five General Conferences, from 1896 five years missionary to Persia and to 1912 inclusive. In May, 1903, he Russia, died on September 22d in Ta- was chosen by the Bishops as First Asbriz, Persia. Mr. Easton was born sistant Corresponding Secretary of the May 30, 1846, and after graduation Board of Church Extension and was from the College of the City of New reelected to that position by the Gen- York and from Union Seminary went out to Persia and there rendered noble eral Conference of 1904. In 1907 the service to the missionary cause. Bishops elected Dr. Forbes corre- sponding Secretary of the Board of Dr. Edna Terry, of China Home Missions and Church Extension.

O N August 19th, in Taianfu, Chjna, Dr. Forbes has been recognized as occurred the death of Dr. Edna an able and earnest advocate of the G. Terry, who had spent 26 years cause of Home Missions and Church in China. Extension, and was unsurpassed as a A few years ago she became so platform speaker. He also possesst crippled with rheumatism that she high executive ability, and was one of could not do her medical work, and the most brotherly of men. AND MISSION LANDS INDIAN UNREST. Valentine Chirol. 8vo. have served the cause. The study of $2.00, nct. The Macmillan Company, the French Revolution and of the Fe- New Yark, 1910. nian outrages has cooperated with the revival of the most sensuous and One who would understand the shameful idolatry. magnitude and delicacy of Britain's problem in India can ill afford to ig- It is to be regretted that the Arya nore this volume, the chapters of Samaj, which 'stands presumably for which appeared originally in the Lon- the renovation of the life of India, don Times. The book is cordially in- has given itself so largely to the protroduced by Sir Alfred C. Lyall and motion of a false nationalism. The offers a discriminating analysis of the native states hav~ been influenced,·but diverse causes of current discontent have not been seriously disaffected. and incipient revolt. The Mohammedans, numbering per- haps 65,000,000 of the population, There are "two forces that aspire to have stood loyal, knowing well that substitute themselves for British rule, their interests are one with those of or at least to make the continuance of Britain, but they have been fearful of British rule subservient to their own the increasing influence of the Hindus ascendancy. One is the ancient in the affairs of state. Determined efand reactionary force of Brah- forts have been made to shake the manism. . . . The other is a mod- loyalty of the army, but without maern and, in its essence, progressive terial success. force generated by Western education. . . . The most rebellious elements in Particularly suggestive to those who both have effected a temporary and are studying and promoting educaunnatural alliance on the basis of an tional missions are the chapters which illusory 'Nationalism,' which appeals deal with Government education in Into nothing in Indian history, but is dia. The author believes that this has calculated and meant to appeal with failed to meet the social, industrial, dangerous force to Western sentiment ethical and religious needs of the and ignorance. . . . It rests with us people. There are words of high to break up that unnatural alliance." praise for our missionary educational institutions. Chirol's solution of the The agitators are for the most part problem of religious education in the men who for personal' reasons harbor common schools is this, that "capable grudges against the British raj. Brah- and enlightened representatives of the man influence has been undermined, different creeds exercise the necessary not so much by overt acts of Govern- amount of supervision in a spirit both ment as by the tendencies of the times. of sympathy and of loyalty to the Meanwhile England has been educat- Government they serve." ing hosts of young Indians, who have had nothing in view but positions un- Another interesting if not convincder the Government. The supply has ing suggestion is made regarding the far outrun the demand. Some men "deprest castes." Fifty millions out with a superb education, more men with a superficial education, many half of the 300 millions of Hindus are constarved and degenerate, have been fo- demned "to a life of unspeakable degmenting discontent. The malcontents radation." Too often these "unhave with the utmost skill combined touchables" are unable to attend the the power of religion with other ap- ordinary schools, "owing to the idea peals. Bombs and the worship of Kali that it is pollution to touch them." "Now the question with which we are confronted is whether we shall our- of 'China" is worth telling and it is selves take a hand in the elevation of here given in sufficient detail to make the reader acquainted with a man the deprest castes, or whether we worth knowing. The story is briefly shall leave it to others, many of whom told but is full of interest and inwould exploit them for their own pur- spiration. Dr. John was a missionary poses." . . . In the Christian missions, in China for over fifty years and acthey [the Government] have an ad- complished a great work in Hankow mirable organization ready to hand and the Central Province,;. Dr. John was one of the men who has molded which merely requires encouragement the Christian Church in China and and support. The writer thinks that his influence still abides. the usual objections to giving official countenance to proselytizmg work can WHAT NEXT IN TURKEY. Glimpses of the )l1Ot lie against an effort to reclaim American Board's VI/ork in the Near '''whole classes which the orthodox East. By David Brewer Eddy. Illus- trated. 12mo, 191 pp. American Board, Hindu regards as beyond the pale of Boston, 1913. human intercourse." While Mr. Eddy has never been in The author writes not as a pessi- Turkey he has used his many sources mist but quotes Morley's word, "We of information to good advantage and have a clouded moment before us now. has perhaps chosen the facts and in- We shall get through it." "The justifi- cidents that interest American readcation of our presence in India is that ers better than one would have done it gives peace and security to all the whose mind was crowded with first" various races and creeds which make hand impressions. The story of the up one-fifth of the population of the land and its peoples, the political and globe." The foundations of British religious history is told with a snap rule are deep and strong. There is a and purpose that holds the attention. -"sentiment of reverence for the crown, The work of tiie American Board is wide-spread and deep rooted among described in some detail, with the successes, thc limitations and the op- ;a11 races and creeds in India." portunities clearly set forth. The few errors concerning the founding of MEXICO TO-DAY. Social, Political, Re- Robert College, etc., are compara- ligious ConditIOns. By George B. Win- tively unimportant. The appendix ton. Illustrated. Map. 235 pp. SOc., gives some valuable suggestions for ,cloth; 35c., paper. Net. Missionary Ed- leaders of Study Classes and Sunday- ucation Movement. New York, 1913. schools. MallY besides Congrega- tional circles will be glad to add this This is a timely and informing vol- to their librallcs. ume on the republic (?) so prominently now beiore the public eye. It THE ApPEAL OF MEDICAL MISSIONS. By R. is prepared for the missionary study Fletcher Moorshead. 12mo. 244 pp. 2s. courses and will make an attractive 6d., net. Oliphant, Anderson and Farrier. subject for classes or individuals. Mr. Winter writes not as a traveler Medical Missions makes a stronger or a missionary but as a reader who appeal to the ayerage man or woman than any other form of Christian has gathered his material from many work. Mr. Moorshead has here presources. The missionary situation is sented a more complete statement of described and emphasized and the the basis, the need and the power of political situation is brought down to this arm of the missionary army than the beginning of Huerta's presidency we have seen since the volume by John Lowe. The basis and the prog- (April, 1913). For those interested ress of the work is set forth in a in missions and for others who wish convincing manner and facts and inmuch information in brief space this cidents are put in a way to deepen interest and arouse to action. is an excellent handbook.

GRIFFITH, JOHN. The Apostle of Central China. By Nelson Britton. Illus- trated. 12mo. 143 pp. 9d., net. Lon- don Missionary Society, 1913.

The story of how "the boy preacher cf Wales" became "the apostle John

The Missionary Review of the World — May 1913

KNEELING AT A SHRINE OF THE MAIN TEMPLE, HUNAN SACRED ~lOUNTAIN

Missionary

® of the World ~ VOL. XXX'I, No. MAY, 1913 VOL. XXVI, No. 5 Old .)'crics New Series Signs of the· Times THE PRESENT OUTLOOK IN TURKEY will give place to one of toleration, if not to one of almost frantic ap- T HE sad assassination of King peal for help to western civilization George. of Greece, by a poor as represented in our educational and other missionary work. Mohammedfanatic, has placed King Constantine anism will hereafter lack the watchon the throne, but otherwise has not ful care which the government of changed the situation in the Balkan Turkey has heretofore given it, and war. The fall of Janina and the in its reorganized position or under capture of Adrianople has, however, the protectorate of foreig-n powers, brought the war nearer to the end. the government will not interpose the Turkey can not hold out much longer. same obstructions and hindrances The question uppermost in the minds against whtch we have battled in the of those who seek first the Kingdom past." of God is: What will be the probable effect of the war on Moslem God has, perhaps, at last broken work. A missionary writes to the down the opposition which has hith- American Board, in answer to this erto kept back the Church. It is question: "It will probaGly mean the time for a forward movement, with opening of doors which have never the cooperation of the native Chrisbeen open, in the lines of an approach tians, to a degree that could not have to the Mohammedan people. In fact, been possible before. these people are already looking to us, in our capacity as missionaries AN OPEN DOOR IN THE BALKANS and representatives of a higher civilization which they recognize and long THE Christian churches of Amerfor, to help them in their present ica are already planning to enemergencies. I think our opportunities for approach to the Mohammed- ter the Balkan field with missionan people will be immensely in- aries who could never have estabcreased as the old time position held lished mission stations in these reby the Turkish Empire in regard to gions so long as Turkey was the missionary work for Mohammedans dominating power. Methodists and Congregationalists, especially, will The editors seek to preserve accuracy and to manifest the spirit of Christ in the pages of this REVIEW, but do not acknowledge responsibility for opinions ex prest, nor for positions taken by contributors of signed artic1es in these pages.-EDITORS. joyfully enter these new fields opened robbing priests and churches as well on the other side of the Mediter- as hodjas and Mohammedan mosqties? ranean. There is no doubt that Rob- They are hated worse than the Turks ert College, founded by a New York were hated before them. As for the merchant connected with the Con- Mohammedan population, I am congregationalist denomination, has ex- vinced, having it from the mouths erted tremendous influence by in- of the people themselves, that once stilling the love of liberty and states- they are free from the Turkish yokE, menlike courage in the heart of off goes the Moslem yoke as well. people who are now crushing the What are these people to do?" "What cruel despotism of Turkey. The is to save them from religious an- American Bible Society has prepared archy? Only Protestant Christianity the way for missionary work by the can do it. Protestant missionaries sale and distribution of 65,000 Bibles have their confidence and regard; and Testaments a year for many England and America are their ideals, years. It is said that many a Bulgar and their highest hope as a nation soldier, buried as he fell, has taken is to be like them. It is hoped that to the grave with him an American the American Board will open new Xcw Testament. Verily, God is the stations in Albania, and that this God of nations, and "He setteth up new nation will become a Christian one and !l11tteth down another." nation.

IFREE ALBANIA AND THE GOSPEL APOMAKS BECOMING CHRISTIANS T is expected that before long a LARGE number of Pomaks, or new flag will wave in the Balkan Bulgarian Moslems, in the Che- Peninsula. The ancient people of pino Valley, in the heart of the Rho- Albania-2,ooo,ooo of them-after the dope Mountains, are reported as turnstruggles of centuries, are to be free ing Christians-Greek Christians. A and independent, according to the population of some I2,00C of them verdict of the Peace Conference in were baptized about the first of London. r<ebruary into the Bulgarian Church. The six Moslem villages in question Protestant mission work has been were incorporated in Bulgaria with hampered in this mountainous re- the rest of Eastern Rumelia, in 1885, gion, because of Turkish fanaticism; after they had taken their share in but, while most of the Albanians the massacre at Batak nine years behave been nominally Moslems, they fore, but until now they have kept have not been staunch adherents to their Moslem faith. that faith. Rev. C. T. Erickson, the American Board missionary at Elba- H. M. Wallis, of the Friends' Resan, thinks that the new nation will lief Mission to Bulgaria, writes (in be bound neither by the "Orthodox" the Manchester Guardian): "For 30 Greek Church nor by Islam. "Vhat years these people have paid their influence," he says, "can the 'Ortho- taxes and given no trouble. Send dox Church' wield in Albania after their children to school they would the armies of Greece have swept the not, nor register their births, but country with fire and sword, rapine King Ferdinand is very lenient and and plunder, murder and outrage, wise; he let them bide, he allowed

OF THE TIMES

them to keep their old guns and dioceses and districts can be arswords until the outbreak of this ranged, now reports that 300,000 war, when their weapons were col- applications for baptism have either lected, as a precaution, and without reached him or are confidently exany difficulty. pected. The watchwords of the movement are 'Brotherhood' and 'Bul- "They all came over to Christian- garia.' At Chepino the new Chrisity with a rush, not under pressure, tians, after baptisms, voluntarily dug for when the war opened the Mos- up the font of the buried and lost lems were six to one. They came Christian Church, desecrated and forwhen they did come almo.st as one gotten since 1657." man. It has been a landslide, due, as I believe, to natural catlses. In the RECENT CHANGES IN PERSIA first place, the unchecked march of the Bulgarian troops from victory to SINCE 190 5, Persia has been the victory, and the deplorable show scene of political changes that made by the Tur~ have imprest the imagination of a fatalistic race. It have followed one another with perhas been Allah's will; who may re- plexing rapidity. Persons living in sist Him? The contrast between Persia feel that a new era of fortheir own educational; social and eign control has begun, tho the exact finaiIcial condition and those of their form of that control is not yet fixt. Christian neighbors, always obviotls, Underlying the political revolutions has lately grown acute. They can no there has been a social change that is longer blink the patent fact that a both extensive and profound, and not Pomak stands no chance with his entirely a result of the political Christian brother at any game, or changes. There are increasing signs that the root of his inefficiency is of a breaking free from the tradiignorance. The big, whi.te school- tional trammels of religion, which rehouse which he has hitherto refused strict intercourse between Moslems to allow his children to attend is, in and non-Moslems. There is a growthe speech of Bulgaria, the stick that ing realization of the inadequacy, has beaten the Turk, and has beaten and, in many cases, of the futility of the Pomak. 'You can't expect us the old learning and the old system oldsters to like the change; we were of education. There is also a quesbrought up in the old way,' said a tioning of all religious sanctions, and greybeard elder over the coffee; 'but an increase of unbelief. what is done is well done, and it gives a better chance to the young- The power of the mullahs has been sters.' broken, and people are accustomed to breaches of the traditional prohibi- "The Greek Church of Bulgaria tion of iJ;ltercourse with Christians has a marvelous opportunity. The and the acquisition of European culemergency has come with such dra- ture. The appetite for knowleds'e matic and overwhelming suddenness has been awakened and demands that no church organization in Eu- satis faction. rope could cope with the inrush efficiently. The man whom the Exarch The change was felt in mission has placed in command until new work, first of all, in the growth of educational work. About a thousand children from Moslem homes are in

attendance at Protestant mISSIOn p()v~riy, and faill1r~ to obey the laws schools in Persia, a threefold increase of God. Dr. Aves, Bishop of the in seven years. Of these, over 200 Protestant Episcopal Church in Mex- are girls. The pupils come from ico, and also Bishop of a native in- t Vtfy class in society, but mainly dependent church called La Iglesia from the upper and more influential Catolica Mexicana, says that the classes. teachings of socialism are being Evangelistic work has been re- widely disseminated in Mexico, and stricted by the unsettled condition are peculiarly pernicious and danger- of the country, which has made trav- ous when addrest to the partially eling difficult, and often dangerous. enlightened minds of men living un- The number of converts to Chris- der conditions that are enthralling tianity from Islam is slowly increas- and oppressive. It is hardly a matter ing, the largest number being found of sl1rprize that American Protestant in the south. The change in the missions should be under indictment temper of the people has given by Roman Catholics, as the genera- greater freedom than in the past, and tors of discontent and sedition, as the profession of Christianity is at- well as of apostasy.

tended with less risks, tho there is The education necessary for intelli- no recognized freedom of religion gent citizenship is being offered to and no guarantee of safety to any the people of Mexico through the one who renounces Islam. efforts of the Baptist, Methodist, The political changes have made Presbyterian, Congregational, Friends, possible, also, a freer use of native and Protestant Episcopal mIssIon- workers. The disabilities under which ary workers, and by the Ameri- Christians, both Armenian and N es- can Bible Society colporteurs. The torian, have lived, are being re- Methodist Church, both North and lieved somewhat, and there is a pros- South, have leaders who feel that as pect of greater opportunity for their soon as possible a national Mexican progress. Methodist Church should be formed, as has been successfully accomplished POLITICAL AND MISSIONARY in Japan. There is need of still fur- T INTERESTS IN MEXICO ther union in the conduct of higher HE assassination of Madero and educational work, publishing and other leaders in Mexico, con- printing for all interdenominational tinues the period of carnage with but work. If some community school faint hope for speedy peace. The con- for Christian training can be estab- ditions are very similar to those pre- lished, it may prove the nucleus of vailing during certain periods of what Mexico has long urgently Israel's history. The outlook for needed, a Christian university. Had permanent peace implies a firmly es- such an institution been established tablished government; a popular gov- and endowed 25 years ago, it would ernment, such as that to vvhich the to-day have an influence in Mexico United States of Mexico is com- comparable to that of Robert College, mitted by its constitution, can never in Southeastern Europe. Already become stable so long as it rests on Methodists and Presbyterians are a social basis of popular ignorance, considering such a union work.

OF THE

The property of the various mis- Further evidence of religious tolerasions does not seem to have suffered tion is seen in the fact that the govmuch during the recent disturbances. ernment itself is beginning' to recog- The building of the Presbyterian Mis- nize the rights of the Protestants. The sion Press came within the zone of following message from Madrid apfire when the forces of Madero and peared recently in the LOlldon Times: Diaz were fighting in the Mexican capital, and the building was for a "A royal order has been issued from time hotly peppered with shot. Not the ministry of war by which nonbeing, however, directly between the Catholic soldiers shall in future be excontending forces, it did not suffer cused attendance at mass on Sundays severely, but while the battle was on and feast days, altho they must still the employees were huddled together be present at religious ceremonies in one lower room, where much of which the troops have to attend uuthe time they lay on the floor in order der arms." to be protected from the fire. For some time, English Protestants The Y. 11. C. A. did not escape have with prayer and patience coas fortunately, for .the handsome operated with their brethren in Spain central building of the association in to secure this decree, and we are the City of Mexico was occupied as thankful that it is now forthcoming. a fortress first by one side and then That it should be necessary at all, may by the other, and as a result became enlig-hten some as to the hardships of a target for fire from both parties. Protestants in Roman Catholic lands. The damage is estimated at $40,000, nearly one-half the original cost of INTOLERANT RUSSIA the building. The Y. M. C. A. secretaries seem to be looked upon by RUSSIAN religious intolerance is those in command as indispensable asserting itself once more. Acadjuncts to both army and navy. cording to dispatches, a fresh out- SRELIGIOUS TOLERATION IN SPAIN burst of persecution against the Bap- PAIN seems to be breaking with tists of the empire has taken place. its intolerant past and religious In the province of Livonia the Baptoleration is secured for evangelical tist chapels have been suddenly raided workers. The circulation of the Bible by the secret police, and securely increases, and there is a greater will- closed, while in Siberia a whole colingness to read Gospel literature. In ony of Russian farmers have been the recent synod of the Spanish Re- evicted upon no other charge than formed Church, the ministers read en- that they were Baptists. The annual couraging reports of the divine bless- meeting of the Russian Baptist Union ing that rests upon their work, and has been prohibited, and Baptists are told of increased self-support. The harassed in every possible way. excesses of anti-religious propaganda in Portugal have led serious people It is stated that these persecutions to consider their duty to God. Evan- arise from the Holy Orthodox Synod, gelical literature is being read, and and are undertaken under the authormany new faces are seen at the Prot- ity of the Czar. Th::y were expected estant mission services. by the Baptists, because the present Procurator-General is 110 less cruel ami fanatical than his infamous prede- cessor, Probiedonostjeff.

At the same time the cruel edict for are filled with children. The young the expulsion of Jews, issued some people are organizing for aggressive munths ago, is being rigorously en- work. The men of the churches are fo:-ced. Since September 1st, 6,000 beginning to realize their responsibil- Jews have been expelled from Nicola- ity. Materialism, rationalism, and jeff. They were mostly well-to-do immorality are here, but the people shop-keepers, traders, and small land- are ready to be led to the Cross. owners. A few weeks only were granted them to liquidate their af- "After all, Christ makes a living apfairs, so that they were financially peal to the young mind of Japan. ruined, and they were forced to leave Hard work awaits us. Difficult probtheir homes in the middle of a Rus- lems need solution. But now is the "ian winter. time when we must both sow and reap in this fertile field of Japan." It is stated that the remaining 30,- 000 Jews of Nicolajeff will be expelled As to how Japan may be won for en masse as soon as the Russian Gov- Christ, Bishop Tucker, of Tokio; ernment carries out its purpose of voices the conviction of most mismaking that port a first-class naval sionary workers when he says that it station. The theory upon which this can be won for Christ only by J apa- Jewish expulsion is predicated has nese working in the power of the never been officially explained. They Holy Spirit. An independent, selfare not accused of being meddlers in supporting, self-led Japanese Church political affairs, or revolutionists. is the agency through which Chris- They are acknowledged as peaceful, tianity must be carried to the great industrious, and law-abiding men. mass of the people of the country. Thus it almost seems as if the only Missionary work in Japan has for its reason for their expulsion is that they aim the founding of such a church, are "Jews." and the equipping of it for its task. "For this," says Bishop Tucker, "two Is it not time that the civilized na- things are necessary: Japanese Christions arise and teach Russia that we tian leaders and congregations strong live in an age where persecution for in faith and self-supporting finanreligion's sake is an offense? cially. It is not enough, therefore, simply to endeavor to carry the Gos- RELIGIOUS CONDITION IN JAPAN pel message to an ever-widening circle of individual hearers, but a "T HERE never was a time in the wise policy will direct that mission- ary effort and money be largely de- history of our work when the voted to the strengthening and de- Gospel had a better chance than now. velopment of those groups or con- The field is open," writes Rev. F. 'N. gregations of Christians which show Veche1man. "The people are inter- promise of becoming spiritually and ested. There is no opposition. The financially self-supporting. It is such officials are more than friendly. The congregations that form our hope for newspapers are lending their columns the future Japanese Church, and it to the publication in full of sermons is upon them, ultimately, that the wnich have been preached by our burden of the real evangelization o'f pastors. The preaching services are Japan must fall." well attended. The Sunday-schools

A CHINESE GOSPEL POSTER USED IN COLPORTAGE

One of leveral Rinds of posters printed in Chinese &tyle in red and black or yellow and black. The title of this one is: "Believers Obtain Salyation," with the quotation, John 3: 16. (See page 333.)

PILGRIMS RETURNtNG FROM THE HUNAN SACRED MOUN'l'AINS

Every 5, 7,. or 10 steps (according to the; vow) these Pjlgrims kneel, plaee the stool with burning incense on the ground and bow until the forehead touches the stool. This is done all the way from their homes to the mountain.

BIBLE DISTRIBUTION IN HUNAN, CHINA IIY FRANK A. KELLER, M.D ., CHANG SHA, HUNAN, CHINA Missionary of the China Inland ]fission, 1897 – OUR YEARS ago a rounding towns and villages were visited. Similar parties were busy mF ~ trim launch steamed in other centers, the plan being to up the Siang River touch every home and shop through- and dropt anchor at out China in the shortest possible ~ Changsha, the capital time. As we saw their strenuous of Hunan. Without de- work, and heard their far-reaching lay a party of foreigners and Chinese plans, we thought of the thousands came ashore and began distributing and thousands of towns and villages in every shop and house attractive where millions of people, who had little boxes containing samples of never heard of Christ, nor even seen cigarettes. Late in the afternoon, a copy of God's Word, would soon when the farmers and merchants be smoking free samples of foreign from country. towns were starting cigarettes. Our hearts burned with for home, these men stood on tem- shame and sorrow, and at the same porary platforms at the city gates time throbbed with a great ambition. and gave samples to all who passed. Why should not the .ambassadors of After canvassing the city, the· sur-

DISTRIBUTING SCRIPTURES TO 'THE PILGRIMS RETURNING FROM THE HUNAN SACRED MOUNTAIN the King be equally comprehensive A New Work Organized in plan, wise in method, and prompt iJ! action? We reported this work to our friends at Los Angeles, and told Just at that time a gift came to them, too, of the launch and the hand from the Bible House of Los work of the cigarette party, and how Angeles. "To be used for the free it had stirred us. We also called distribution of the Scriptures in their attention to the remarkable op- Hunan." I invited an evangelist and portunity offered by the great water- Christian school teacher to my office, ways of Hunan to reach nearly every told them what I had seen, and part of the province by boat. The asked them if they would not like to heads of the Bible HOllse of Los get up a party and spend their vaca- Angeles saw the vision, they heard tion in visiting hitherto lin reached the cry of the twenty-two million peoplaces. I promised to supply them ple of Htman, and they accepted as a with boat, food and books. They commission from God the task of entered into the plan with enthusi- visiting, so far as possible, everyone asm, and a party made up of evan- of I-Itman's 4,268,000 homes, to tell gelists, teachers and Christian busi- the people of Jesus Christ, and to ness men from several missions put leave with them as a free gift a in a happy and blessed 1110nth of free- printed portion of God's Word. will service, and on their return gave a thrilling and inspiring account of The writer, a member of the China their work. Inland Mission, was asked if he vould organize and superintend par-

DISTRIBUTION IN HUNAN

I'ILGRIMS ON STEPS LEADING UP THE TEN·MILE ROAD TO THE Tor OF HUNAN SACRED MQUlijTAIN

ties of colporteurs to carryon this meeting for reports and testimonies. great undertaking. On consultation This hour has proved of great value. with the directors of the mission, permission was kindly granted to do The Method of Work so without any change in the relationship of the previous twelve years. After the morning Bible study and prayer the men go out two by two At present we have two parties at to visit as many homes as possible in work, each party consisting of twelve the villages near which the boat is colporteurs under the leadership of anchored. Thoroughness is never an evangelist, all living on a large sacrificed to numbers. While we Chinese house-boat. urge the colporteurs not to waste time in argument or fruitless con- These boats are well adapted to versation, we also seek to make them our work, having a kitchen, a num- realize that it is more important to ber of sleeping-rooms, and a good- do real heart-to-heart work in a few sized saloon which serves as dining- homes than to visit in a mechanical room, study and class-room, and also way a large number of homes. A as a chapel for small evening evan- recent letter from one of our leaders, gelistic services. Mr. Hsiao, shows how really they are entering into this spirit. Mr. Floating Bible-schools Hsiao writes: "My earnest hope is that there may be in the heart of If colportage is to be successful it each colporteur, in the fullest measis absolutely necessary to provide for ure, a burning desire to save men." the maintenance of the spiritual life of the colporteurs. They must be An incident in a late report shows men who are growing in grace and the tactfulness and persistency of the in the knowledge of God and of His men in their work. As they ap- Word daily, men in whose hearts is proached one home the people quicka constantly increasing passion for ly closed and barred the doors and souls. We aim, therefore, to make windows. However, these windows, our boats not merely colportage as is frequently the case in China, boats, but floating Bible-schools. The consisted of a lattice work over men rise daily at a stated hour for which was pasted tissue paper their private devotions. Immediately through which the voice could be after breakfast they have an hour heard as well as if the windows were of united, systematic Bible study wide open, so in spite of closed winunder the leadership of the evangelist dows and the ridicule of some chilin charge, who is a man thoroughly dren, the two colporteurs stood outtrained in methods of Bible study side and gave their message of love and teaching. Every evening they and joy and peace. Soon the doors have another hour of study. One were opened and they were invited of the day's studies is in the Old in. The people explained their ac- Testament, the other in the New. tion by telling of some rough men who had passed that way recently In addition to a brief season of and had both robbed them and deunited prayer each morning, the men manded supplies of food. "But," also have a weekly evening prayermeeting, and on another evening a

DISTRIBUTION IN HUNAN, CHINA 33

they said, "We know that men who of the Christian religion. There is bring such good news as you have also a cordial invitation to the reader told us can do us no harm, and we to visit a gospel hall when he goes welcome you to our home." The to the city, to talk with the attend- ing evangelist about the gospel, and ~ ~~ to purchase a New Testament and ~~=-~.=- study it diligently to get more light upon the truth.

One of these books, the "Fu-Yin- Tso-Yao," or "Synopsis of the Gos- pel," is a brief connected statement of the life of Christ, wholly in words of Scripture, and makes very plain God's plan of salvation. Another book, the "Sheng-King-Tseh-Luh," or "Selected Portions of the Holy Scrip- tures," is the fruit of three years of prayerful labor on the part of two well-known Christian workers. The Bible House of Los Angeles has MOSl<:S LIFTiNG UP THE SERPENT Chinese illustration, reduced, from "Selected Por- tions of the Holy Scriptures"

colporteurs remain in a house from 10 to 20 minutes, tell the people of the one true God, and of salvation through faith in the Lord Jesus Christ. They show them a Bible and explain its character. They also tell them of the gospel halls established in various towns and cities, and on leaving, present them with a printed portion of the Scriptures.

Books Specially Prepared for this Work THE W I SE AND FOOLISH VIRGINS We have several specially pre- Chinese: illustration, reduced, from "Selected Porpared books of Scripture passages so tions of the Holy Scriptures" combined as to form a connected narrative and give a simple statement printed over 800,000 copies in Spanof the way of salvation. Each has a ish, under the title "Porciones Esbrief introduction stating that the cogidas de la Palabra de Deos," and extracts are from the Holy Scriptures has circulated them in 24 Spanish-

M.ISSlONARlES AND EVANGELlSTS ATTENDING THE FIRSt HUNAN AutUMN BIBLE-SCHOOL The teachers are in the center of the second row from bottom. (Beginning at the right they are, l{ev. George L. Gelwicks, Rev. G. G. Warren, Dr. Keller, Mr. M. K. Hsiao, Rev. 0. Holleollweger.

speaking countries. 'vVe have just and things invisible, whether thrones published our first edition of 100,000 or dominions or principalities or powcopies in Chinese. The portions of ers; all things have been created Scripture are so selected and com- through Him, and unto Him."-Col. bined that one passage of Scrip- 1:15, r6. Then comes a description ture is used to illustrate, explain of Adam in Eden followed by the or emphasize another, no other note first Psalm and the story of the fall. or comment being added. For ex- God's judgment of sin and His plan ample: The book begins with "In of mercy for the sinner are shown the beginning was the Word, and the by passages from Old and New Tes- Vvord was with God, and the Word taments. The story of the brazen was God. The same was in the be- serpent is preceded by Rom. 6 :23, ginning with God. All things were "The wages of sin is death, but the made through Him, and without Him free gift of God is eternal life in was not anything made that hath Christ Jesus our Lord," and is folbeen made."-John r, 1-3, 14. Then lowed by John 3 :14, IS, "And as follows the story of the creation Moses lifted up the serpent in the as given in Genesis I :r-5, 24-31, and wilderness, even so must the Son of the section closes with, "(Jesus) Who man be lifted up; that whosoever is the image of the invisible God, the believeth may in Him have eternal firstborn of all creation; for in Him life." And so right on through this were all things created, in the heavens book of 200 pages, by "comparing and upon the earth, things visible Scripture with Scripture," God's

DISTRIBUTION IN HUNAN, CHINA

THE HUNAN SACRED MOUNTAIN AND THE AUTUMN BIBLE·SCHOOL In the farm building in the foreground the Bible-school was held in 1911 and 1912_ great plan of salvation is presented the same plan might not be used to with striking clearness. Key texts call attention to the wonderful teachare printed in heavier type to catch ings of God's Word. As a result of the eye, and illustrations, specially this correspondence we were asked drawn by Chinese artists for this to prepare and publish a large edition book, add to its attractiveness and of lithographed posters for use in the make the story more reaL 'vVe also Hunan colportage work. The posters have dainty little eight page booklets are 30×40 inches in size, the characwith one or two verses of Scripture ters are beautifully written by expert on each page. Chinese penmen, and are lithographed in two brilliant colors on strong The Gospel Posters paper. Their general character is shown by the reduced copy shown After we had been at work a few facing page 327. The translation of months, Rev. F. C. H. Dreyer, this poster reads as follows: superintendent of the China Inland Mission Bible-school in Shansi, "Believers Obtain Salvation" wrote to the secretary of the Bible HOllse of Los Angeles telling him of "God so loved the world that He the beautiful lithographed posters gave His only begotten Son, that used by the tobacco and patent medi- whosoever believeth on Him should cine companies to advertise their not perish but have eternal life."- products in the East, and asked if John 3 :r6.

The smaller characters at the left Work for the Pilgrim.

read: In the early fall we take our col- "These words have been taken porteurs to the so-called "Sacred from the Holy Scriptures of the llountain" of Htinan for a month of Christian religion. All who read are Bible study, conference, and special invited to visit a gospel hall and in- work among the pilgrims who, at vestigate. I f you will purchase a· that season, come in large numbers copy of the complete New Testament to worship at the famous shrines.

and read it you will be able to under- During one week of this time about stand more perfectly this important IO,OOO pilgrims come daily. That teaching." others may have a share in this time Other titles and texts are: "There of refreshment, we invite the evan- is Hope," I Pet. 2 :24; "The Free gelists of all missions working in Gift of Eternal Life," Rom. 6 :23, Hunan to spend this month with us etc. Altogether we have published 18 on the mountain. In I9I I, 83 evan- different texts and to each one there gelists and colporteurs from 10 dif- is added the statement and invitation ferent missions came up for the as above. month of study and work. Rev. Two men in each party devote their George L. Gelwicks, of the American Presbyterian Mission, Rev. O. Hollentime to pasting up these posters in weger, of the Liebenzell Branch of the conspicuous places by the roadside, China Inland Mission, and Rev. G. in inns, tea-houses, barber-shops .and G. Warren, of the English Wesleyan other public places. When a crowd Methodist Mission, were associated gathers to read the posters the col- with the writer in the teaching and porteurs stop work, hold a short open other details of the month's effort. air preaching service and give a cor- In 1912, Rev. Mr. Warren kindly elial invitation to the evening evan- took general charge, and associated gelistic service. In one large town with him were Revs. Gelwicks and Mr. Hsiao and party held services W. H. Watson. The daily program for several evenings' in a theater. follows: Forenoon-Three lecture and These services were well attended quiz periods of 45 minutes each. Af- and one evening six of the hearers ternoon-Practical work and Scrip- returned to the inn with the preach- ture distribution among the pilgrims.

ers to join with them in their prayer- Evening-Evangelistic services, writ- meeting. One of these men, a Mr. ing up lecture notes and study.

Liang, a teacher of some 40 years of To systematize the work we divide age, manifested such an interest. that the men into 12 groups, and assign Mr. Hsiao gave him aNew Testa- certain groups to work on each of the ment in classical Chinese and with it four main roads leading into the an explanatory tract. Mr. Liang sat temple village at the foot of the up all night reading the New Testa- mountain. On these roads, about a ment, and the next morning gave a half mile from the village, we have remarkably clear and sympathetic re- booths with tables, stools, and sup- sume of the teaching of the gospel plies of the indispensable tea. We to the students in his school. never approach the pilgrims when

DISTRIBUTION IN HUNAN, CHINA

they are going toward the mountain, to go out and work until breakfast but after they have performed their time among these faithful but devows and are returning home we luded worshipers. They kept up this invite them into the booths and offer st.renuous service for the entire them a cup of tea. Then as they sip month. In 1912, during the four the tea we tell them as much as weeks on the mountain, there were possible of the gospel and present presented to the pilgrims, after per- sonal conversations with them, 4, ISO EVANGELIST M. K. HSIAO New Testaments; 33,000 copies of the "Synopsis of the Gospel"; and In charge of colportage work in H11uan 6,798 smaller collections of Scripture passages. Gospel posters were pasted each one with either a New Testa- up for miles along the roads leading ment or a copy of one of our other to the temples. One incident from books together with one or two a recent report will demonstrate the tracts. If the pilgrims are in too far-reaching influence of this departgreat a hurry to tarry, one of our ment of our work. One of our leadparty walks along with them preach- ers, Mr. Cheng, writes: "Last year ing the gospel by the way, .and then, the five sons of a prominent resident after giving a Testament or book to of Tui-Kuang-Chow, a man 76 years each pilgrim in the group, returns of age, went to the Sacred Mountain to the booth to join another party. to worship, and each received a copy The colporteurs learned that many of the New Testament. On their pilgrims started for their homes very return the father devoted most of early in the morning, and so they his time to reading these new books. began rising at two and three o'clock Very soon he became convinced of the truth of the gospel and then em- braced every opportunity to talk to his neighbors about it, until they said he had become crazy. He took one of the Testaments and sent it to a very dear friend in Kweiyang, the capital of the pmvince of Kweichow. 'When we reached his village and the old man learned that we were preach- ers of the gospel he welcomed us to his home as tho we were near of kin. He asked many questions about the gospel, to which we replied by show- ing him passages of Scripture bear- ing on the points raised. At the close of our conversation the old man said: 'If only I were younger I would like to go out with you and proclaim widely this wonderful story of the saving grace of the Lord. As

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1-f 'MAP ACCOMPANYTNG THE REPORT OF ONE PARTY OF COLPORTEURS Arrows show the directions of the itinerations from the river, and the Chinese characters along the arrows indicate villages. The large city at the left of the river is IIengchowfu, the headquarters of Rev. George L. Gelwicks of the Amorican Presbyterian Mission, who has charge of this party.

it is I shall do my utmost to lead my spheres of influence our colporteurs entire family and my neighbors to do nDt enter the territory of any repent and believe.' " mission without first rec.eiving a cor- dial invitation from that mission. Supervision and Reports Moreover, they always work in co- operation with, and' under the imme- As the various missions working in Hunan have quite clearly defined

DISTRIBUTION IN HUNAN, CHINA

diate supervision of the missionaries ing two weeks, visited 2,556 homes, who are responsible for the district had preached the gospel to 9,305 ih which they are visiting. One of people, (the large majority of whom our parties is now working in a large then heard it tor the first time), and had pasted up r,094 gospel posters. They had given away of either New Testaments, single gospels, or our "Synopsis of the Gospel" 2,06r copies, and 4,809 tracts.

Some Bleued Results In one village they met a woman past 80 who for years had been a devoted worshiper of the "Goddess of Mercy." After a long conversa- tion with the colporteurs she said: EVANGELIST HSIAO TALKING WITH PILGRIM T'ENGJ 53 YEARS OF AGE.. ON HIS 22ND ANNUAL PILGRIMAGE Presbyterian district under the direc- EVANGELIST HSIAO AND THE IDOLS IN THE HALF· tion of Rev. George L. Gelwicks, WAY TEMPLE, HUNAN SACRED :MOUNTAIN while Rev. G. G. Warren is directing the work of the other party in the "I now realize that during all these Wesleyan and adjoining districts. years I have been worshiping a false god, you have brought me word of In addition to this personal super- the true God, from this time I shall vision on the field, the leaders send me semi-monthly reports giving detailed account of each day's work. The reports are accompanied by a tabulated summary, also by maps drawn for the purpose showing the exact location of the 'places visited.

A recent report shows that the party sending it had, in the preced-

no longer worship the false god, but mid-summer heat, they can work for worship only the true God, and I 4.0 weeks, which means the gospel earnestly hope that my sons also preached and printed copies of the may hear and believe this true gos- Scriptures left in 64,000 homes per pel." The results already seen have year by these two parties. But divide filled our hearts with encouragement the more than 30,CXXl,000 unreached and praise. Thousands of families homes by the 64,CXXl reached in one have heard for the first time of the year and we are brought face to face love of God, and of salvation through with a tremendons appeal. Would faith in Jesus Christ. Whole fam- that several such parties might be ilies have become regular attendants set at work without delay in each inat church, and have asked for baptism. Numbers of children have been EVANGELIST Ll3 STUDENT AND PREACHER placed in Christian schools. Two men, both pilgrims last year, now Fifteen years ago "he had never heard of Jesus walk seven miles nearly every Lord's Christ a!; his Savior. Day to attend the service at a Christian church. One party of pilgrims land province of China! What shall were so interested in the books re- we as "Ambassadors on behalf of ceived at the mountain that they Christ" do with the message entrusted hunted up a member of the Presby- to us? Shall we not rouse ourselves terian Church in a town 10 miles to an effort worthy of our task and from their village and begged him to determine, God helping us, to go out come to their village and preach the and deliver the message at once? gospel. He has been going to them once a month ever since. NOTE.-Large editions of the Gospel Posters and of the book, "Setlected Portions of Holy Mr. Hsiao writes: "On this jour- Scripture," have b'Cen published in Chinese by ney we have visited many places with Rev. W. E. Blackstone, secretary of the "Dis· large popula,tions where no one had tribution Fund." Applications should be made previously heard one word of the to Rev. W. E. Blackstone, Secretary, Nanking, gospel. This is glorious work ! We Kiangsu. China. Publications are furnished free. are, indeed, following Paul's example and 'Not building on' another man's foundation.' Throughout this j ourney people have listened with evident gladness, how different from previous years! Truly this is the time for preaching the gospel in China!" Yes, it is the time! Every door wide open! Hearts ready and waiting! There are over 6o,CXXl,CXXl of homes in China and to more ,than half of them no word of the gospel has ever come. Our two bands of c.olporteurs can average 1,600 homes per week, allowing for spring rains and intense

CHINESE REPUBLIC AS A MISSION

DY REV. DONALD MC GILLIVRAY, D.D., SHANGHAI, CHINA Editorial Secretary of the Christian Literature Society for China ~I N the year 1895, there ternal politics of the country, have appeared in Shanghai, always carefully abstained from poli- the home and mother tics. Chinese officials used to suspect of revolutionary ideas, them of being political agents, but a small book of Chi- not a shred of evidence in proof was nese prophecy, with the ever produced. Nevertheless, what .. startling title, "Push Him Out." In does it mean when we hear both Chi- this the Chinese were exhorted to nese and foreigners utter such say- push out the Manchus. Probably ings as the following: few of its readers realized how soon Mr. Li, the Vice-president of the the exhortation would be successfully Republic: "If it were not for the acted upon. In 1912-1913, the Man- missionaries, China would not be chus were pushed out, and to the what she is to-day."

astonishment of everybody, the Re- Dr. V. A. P. Martin, more than public became an accomplished fact. 60 years a missionary in China: "The The Chinese used to lay great stress on Republic is largely due to the influ- a quasi-apocalyptic book of prophecy ence of the Christian Church."

caIled, "Chart of Opposing Backs," Is this a just claim? In what which was supposed to foretell the sense is it true? Christianity did not vicissitudes of Chinese dynasties dm- determine the particular political ing many centuries. The interpreter form which the revolution has shown, claimed that the verses foretold the but undoubtedly the truths of the Ming and Ching dynasties, but, need- Bible had greatly influenced the actual less to say, the prophet failed to give agents of the change. For example, any inkling that the monarchy should with the Bible came new conceptions ever give place to such a new-fangled of the rights, duties, and dignities thing as a republic. of man, and in so far as the Chinese Manifestly, Christianity now finds accepted the truth, the truth made itself in an environment which differs them free. Of course, the common considerably from that of pre-revolu- people take but little interest in the tion times. Boards and their agents Republic, but that interest is bound are carefully studying the new situa- to increase with the spread of edu- tion, and there is general agreement cation. There will be much passive that the new forces which are now resistance to reforms in the rural assembled in the Republic are vastly districts, but the new generation, now more favorable to Christianity than coming up, will be of a different those which were formerly so often spirit.

the puzzle and despair of those who Many of the present officials are studied them. Christians of more or less pronounced type. The worship of idols, incum- Politics and Christianity bent by previous laws on all off.cials, Protestant missions, warned by the excluded Christians entirely from example of the early Jesuits and their such a career. The old prostrations, disastrous intermeddling with the in- knockings on the head, etc., are abol-

ished, and even conservatives, who becoming entangled in the dubious still wish to show respect to Confu- agitation of the politicians. Many cius, no longer fall on their faces Chinese pastors felt bitterly on the before him, but simply bow the head subject, but they now see that if they thrice. The decree of religious "re admitted to the franchise, Bud- liberty, issued in the early days of dhist and Taoist priests, as well as the Republic, is not like the protesta- Roman Catholics, would also be ad- tions of the old imperial decrees to mitted, and the latter are not wanted the effect that the throne sternly in politics. Moreover, the pastor commanded all officials to protect the begins to see that his work is to build Church and converts. These were such a character among his people usually accompanied by secret orders that they will know how to fulfil to worry them as much as possible. their duties as citizens. In this way The republican decree has been tested Christianity will continue to exert a by time, and as far as the govern- legitimate influence on .politics in ment is concerned, there is not only China.

religious freedom, but much prac- The Republic is at present strug- tical discountenancing of idolatry. gling with many difficulties, and, per- One official delivered a harangue on haps, attempting to do too many the subject to a number of students things, but the greatest difficulty of with such effect that they proceeded all is to prevent the corruption of straightway to a large temple and public life, which was rampant under totally destroyed the gods before the Manchus, being prolonged into whom the city's inhabitants were the life of the new Republic. Some wont to burn incense and do obei- of the leaders are doubtless public- sance. spirited and clean-handed, but the Altho the Chinese Christians re- same temptations are now appealing ceive no political teaching from the to the same elements in Chinese hu- missionaries, they are naturally most man nature, and if that nature be alive to the importance of taking an unchanged by the Gospel, the reign active part in civic and national af- of corruption will go on forever.

fairs. A number of erstwhile pastors Notwithstanding the safeguards are now in official positions, having which the sextuple group impose upon thrown in their lot with the new China as to the spending of a £20,- party in the earliest stages, even 000,000 loan, it will be .strange if when the fortunes of the day were Oriental astuteness can not devise still hanging in the balance. But, some way of diverting large sums strange to say, according to the new from their proper use. Still, an ex- franchise law, pastors are excluded cellent judge recently said: "Making from the right to vote. China in every allowance for the selfishness this is but following the example of and cupidity of many who rise to Japan, where, as far as we know, power, there is a momentum toward there is no desire on the part of the patriotism, altruism and useful serv- Christians to change the law. It is ice under the present democracy felt that the voting pastor would be which would have seemed beyond in danger of neglecting his office and hope a year ago."

CHINESE REPUBLIC AS A MISSION FIELD 34 I

The Republic and Education much indifference, and even hostility, The Manchu Government, in its to these changes. Recently in Shan- expiring days, had promulgated a tung a dominee who persisted in wonderful new system of education, teaching in the old way was fined but China soon found that without $120, and the money given to other money and without honesty educa- villages for educational pUfposes on tion could not be reformed. In the new line. Naturally, it will take those days the government made the several generations before the whole mistake of trying to build from the lump is leavened with the new edu- top by establishing several univer- cational idea.

sities and colleges, in which the men The missionaries are aware that were all from the old school, and their monopoly of education is near were supposed to build the new sub- an end. The new government insti- jects on the old foundations. Now tutions will be, as far as secular edu- they see that they must begin with cation is concerned, within a decade thE primary schools, and no real edu- far ahead of the mission schools. The cation can be the result of grafting consequence is that pressure will be Western subjects onto Chinese. The brought to compel our schools in a Republic has been overhauling the given area to unite their forces. No educational system as devised by its matter how good the secular educapredecessors. The government called tion may be, Christian schools will to its aid a representative convention still be needed to give education un- OJ educationalists, and this convention der Christian influence. Probably the '_nade many recommendations which Church will not need to have so the government is now trying to many primary schools, but the higher carry out. Instead of each province institutions must be strengthened having a university, they will begin more than ever. The burden of the with three or four good schools at Church may be lightened in one dicentral points, such as Canton, Nan- rection by the Chinese state doing king and Wuchang. Primary schools its duty to its own people, but this will be pushed forward. In the old simply sets free the Church's reprimary schools the Chinese classics sources for other work which the were still studied, but the new gov- ernment has decided against this, and state can not do.

the classics are relegated to a later From everywhere word comes that stage of education. By this far- the attitude of government students reaching change Young China will be toward Christianity has undergone a relieved of a terrible handicap, and vast change. There is a desire to rational methods of education will study Christianity at close quarters.

prevail. In Canton, where a Chris- -Many Bible classes for the study of tian is superintendent of education, the E11glish Bible have been started the worship of Confucius has entirely at the request of the students them- lapsed. A census of all children of selves. Attempts to revive Confu- school age has been made, and other cianism have all fallen flat. It is sweeping reforms instituted. Of looked upon more and more as an course, in the rural districts there is ethical system, not a religion.

The Republic and Commerce growing in numbers and power, and a happy thing it is for the Republic Everything that the Republic has that it is so. A good thing it is in so far done is in the direction of every way, but also in commerce. facilitating the free progress of goods China's millions in shop and field from one part of the country to the know no rest day. Christianity must other. The Shanghai-Nanking Rail- give to them the priceless boon of the way, which formerly labored under Lord's Day. For years in Shanghai the vexatious Iikin, an internal tax there was only one Chinese shop on goods, was, notwithstanding its which hung out the sign: "To-day unexampled passenger traffic, steadily is Sunday; we are closed for the losing money. Likin has been abol- day." But recently we have seen a ished, and the railway receipts have number of other shops adorned with gone up· with a bound. Dr. Sun similar signs. What will China be Yat-Sen is now clothed with plenary when special signs of this nature will power to carry out a vast railway not be necessary, because Sabbathscheme. He is trying to obtain for- keeping has become universal! eign capital for the purpose. The effect of these railways on commerce Society in the Republic is simply incalculable. The great and radical changes in The natural resources of the coun- Chinese society, that is, in the protry, formerly dealt with in a half- gressive, educated part of it, which hearted and tantalizing way, will now had begun in the ten years before be thoroughly exploited for the bene- the revolution, have been greatly fit of all. There will be a greater accelerated and popularized by that use of foreign experts in all branches event. Freedom is now a word on of business. every lip. Political and intellectual emancipation has found outward ex- But there is one article of com- pression in the pulling down of merce which the Republic has deter- ancient city walls, which hampered mined to ultimately exclude from the free movements of the populathese shores, and that is opium. Re- tion, and were more often the decently certain opium merchants ill fense of official tyrants than a pro- Shanghai brought a libel suit against tection to the citizens. The queue a Chinese paper for its anti-opium is discarded by an ever-increasing utterances. The merchants employed number, and once discarded, is never the ablest foreign lawyers, but failed likely to be regrown. The dress of to make their case good. Opium, the people in other respects is also which in the time of confusion was changing. There is more freedom hastily planted by interested farmers, for the women of the land, tho this, is being uprooted by Republican sol- of course, has many dangers. The diers. This and other reforms which old marriage customs have already have always had the solid and per- been set aside by the more advanced sistent support of the Christian Chinese in favor of what is termed 01l1rch are bound to succeed, w'hile "civilized" marriage, and their exthat support will henceforward be ample is likely to be followed by given in an ever-increasing intensity. others. The extreme respect of the The Chinese Church is rapidly

CHINESE REPUBLIC AS A MISSION FIELD

young for the old is seriously shaken, able, and, doubtless, the party will and doubtless there will be a relaxa- grow gradually, if not rapidly. If it tion of the excessive and foolish de- is held to be impossible to apply so- mands of the old upon the young. cialism to the comparatively small There will probably be a period dur- kingdoms of the West without terrific ing which all of the relationships of bloodshed, one wonders at the faith life will be more or less in a state of Chinese socialists when they look of solution, but reaction will follow at the· customs and institutions of extremes, and the final resttlt will be their own vast country. No doubt, for the praise and welfare of all. political and socialist doctrines of all Recently a widow lady married again kinds will find adherents in China.

and her little boy was taken to pay We know a missionary who goes his respects to his new father. The about with tracts on the single tax officiating clergyman was careful to in his pocket.

explain that in the Republic the old Religion in the Republic custom of kneeling and knocking the head was abolished forever, and, So far, there is no sign that the therefore, the lad should not do so, government intends to favor any of but merely respectfully bow three the old religions. The Manchus fortimes. merly were constantly giving signs of favor to the priests of Buddhism As to ancestor worship, it is too and Taoism, not to speak of costly soon to say what its fate will be in sacrifices at the shrine of Confucius. the new China. The treatment so We have not yet heard of a single roughly accorded to idols will cer- such sacrifice being made under the tainly not be in store for the an- new regime. The Temple of Heaven, cestors. Even Dr. Sun, the first in Peking, was, and is, the most sa- President of the Republic, who is a cred spot in China. There, once a Christian, when he visited the tombs year, the emperor, in the name of of the former emperors, at Nanking, the people, worshiped high heaven. and announced to them, in the name After the abdication, this picturesque of the Republic, that the Chinese and solemn service naturally fell into were once more masters in their own abeyance. There has been much house, bowed his head three times speculation as to what the Republictoward the tombs at the close of his ans mean to do with the altar. The speech. It is, however, clear from latest news is that the Christians in this and other signs, that the exces- Peking have held some meetings in sive ceremonies in connection with the principal building, once sacred to ancestor worship will be greatly less- the emperor alone, and no one would ened. Respect for ancestors will re- be surprized if we should hear of main, as it rightly should, but with- some great Christian convention hold- out superstition. ing sunrise prayer meetings on the There is said to be the beginning summit.

of a socialist party in China, to The idols throughout the country which it seems Dr. Sun himself is have very generally been maltreated, partial. Socialists in Japan were not and the priesthood is so ignorant that tolerated, but China is more hospit- it is not able to make any sort of

defense. Temple lands, which con- the main disseminators of such in- stituted rich endowments for the formation, but recently the secular priests, have been, in many places, press has joined the ranks of mis- seized, and used for the benefit of sionary educators, so that now it is the children by establishing and sup- said that some of the secular papers porting schools. Buddhist and Tao- published in China are more in- ist priests have no vote, neither do forming than the missionary maga- they wish to have. zines. A wonderful preparatory Some few Chinese entertain the work has been done in China itself.

idea that a new eclectic religion will Hoary walls of prejudice and super- be best for China. They wish to stition have been broken down.

unite what they regard as the best There is a general diffusion of knowl- elements of Confucianism, Taoism, edge on subjects, secular as well as Buddhism, Mohammedanism, and religious, in China. The Bible has Christianity, and give it a new name, been translated into many dialects but history shows that all such at- and languages, and a large Chris- tempts are futile. The most influen- tian literature prepared, with the ob- tial religion in the Republic to-day is ject of explaining its truths to the undoubtedly Christianity. The other people. The whole land has been faiths are dead, or dying. Chris- dotted over with mission stations, tianity alone lives :md grows, and more especially at all strategic cen- with its growth so Vv ill increase its ters, where large plants in every de- influence upon the Rerublic. Even partment of missionary work are now, nothing is done to offend it or daily humming with activity. A Chi- its just claims. Its influence is out nese Church has been gathered in.

of all proportion to its size. Self-supporting congregations have The Chinese Church has many dif- been established. Y. M. C. A., Chris- Scult problems, but it is bound to win tian Endeavor, and Sunday-school through. In so far as the Republic work goes ahead by leaps and succeeds in solving its problems, it bounds. Among the Christians able will be owing to its help and the help and wise leadership is assured. The of those who have drunk in its ideals. Church is rapidly heading toward in- What Has Been Done by Christianity dependence when the missionary will for China take second place, and last, but not least, comity, federation and coopera- We have already spoken of the tion are more and more in evidence. indirect fruits of Christianity in China, and these alone are enough What Next?

to make all the world wonder. The We have now got to the stage magnitude of the changes has greatly when scientific study of the field, its stimulated the interest of the home occupation and its problems, is more Church, resulting in a vast increase and more yielding fruit. Dr. Mott of accurate knowledge and practical is about to visit China as the repre- sympathy, especially among the sentative of the Edinburgh Continua- young, such as was unknown to a tion Committee, and once more he previous generation. Once upon a will gather conventions of picked men time the boards and their agents were to consider the next moves. Even

CONVERSION OF MOHAMMEDANS

now, several things are clear. For Another thing. There should be a one thing, the missionaries want more special board of education for China, of everything good they have al- having its counterpart on the finanready. The old methods which have cial side at home. These boards been successful must be continued should, in some way, unify Christian and more adequately supported. education in China, and insure its Again, more respect must be paid to complete equipment for its task. Chinese opinion, and more authority Above all, institutional work should entrusted to the Chinese Church. The not claim the emphasis which rightly unpleasant period in Japanese Church and always belongs to evangelistic history when the Japanese Church came to self-consciousness and the work. foreign missionary was for a time not In conclusion, the old appeal on a "persona grata" is a warning to us in China. behalf of China was thought before the revolution to have attained its At the same time, more power to maximum strength, but lo! a Repubdecide matters should be given by lic is born in a day, and the old apthe boards to their missionaries on peal is immeasurably strengthened. the field. Things now move more quickly than ever. News picked up "Hark to the voice of the time! by flying visits of board secretaries Multitudes think for themselves, to the field is not to be pitted against And weigh their conditions, each one; the funded knowledge of the mis- The drudge has a spirit sublime, sionaries themselves. While the te- And whether he hammers or delves, dious red tape of the boards is slowly He reads when his labor is done deciding, the golden moment on the And learns, tho he groans under povfield may be passed. erty's ban, That freedom to think is the Birth- right of man."

THE CONVERSION OF MOHAMMEDANS * THE STRATEGIC TIME, PLACE AND METHOD BY REV. CHARLES R. WATSON, D.D. Secretary of the Board of Foreign 1{issions of the United Presbyterian Chu.rch N missionary work fo,r At Khartum, at Cairo, at Constanti- nople, the conviction was forced upon III I Moslems there is a me that a new day has dawned in strategic time, a stra- so far as missions to Moslems are tegic method, and a concerned. strategic place. The present is a Among the forces that have helped strategic time for mlsslOnary work to usher in this new day, there are among Moslems. This is my deep to be reckoned, first of all, the politiconviction as a result of observations cal upheavals of recent times. I made during the past winter and mean not only the political upheaval spring while visiting the Near East. which is now 111 progress in the • An address delivered at a parlor meeting in the interests of the Nile Mission Press of c…iro.

Balkan world, but I refer also to northward and Canada should extend the eventful political developments of her power southward along our westthe past decade in the Levant. ern shores, until the spheres of influ- ence of these two nations meet, and Begin with Persia: During the they take possession of those three past 10 years, the sphere of influence vast states that lie along the Pacific of Russia has moved southward and Ocean; and not only of those three the sphere of influence of Great states, but also of the next three Britain has moved northward, until which lie east of them. these two spheres have met, and within their respective spheres of in- What does it mean for Tripoli to fluence, these two nations have been pass into the hands of Italy? laying claim to a power and an au- Imagine a foreign nation like Brazil thority that is all but absolute. A claiming the area of all the states little farther south, along the Persian which front the Atlantic, with the Gulf, the whole coast of Arabia single exception of Virginia. which fronts the Persian Gulf, is feeling the all but absolute power of Then, do we realize what it means Great Britain dominating that region. to have France assert her power over Morocco? Imagine some foreign na- Then we come to Egypt and find tion claiming an area from us equal Lord Kitchener, whom Steevens in his to five-sixths of the vast state of book "With Kitchener to Khartum," Texas. Now can you imagine Amerdescribes as the perfect human ma- icans subjected to such great changes chine, because of his marvelous ca- and such far-reaching upheavals withpacity for detail in administration- out being profoundly affected by you find Lord Kitchener holding them? We may think that the Mos- Egypt in control as his predecessor, lem world is dead and unresponsive, Sir Eldon Gorst, was not able to and in a measure the Moslem world do. Then we pass westward and may be slow to respond, but it is not come to Tripoli. It is only a few so dead, nor so unresponsive that it months since Tripoli passed into the is not being deeply affected by these hands of Italy. Beyond Tripoli lie political changes. These changes Tunisia and Algeria. It is more than have helped to usher in the new day a decade since France has been in that has dawned in the Moslem control of these lands, but farther on world. lies Morocco and it is only within the last decade that France has been Again, among the forces that have given a practically free hand in Mo- ushered in this new day must be rocco. reckoned the impact of westernism upon the Orient. I usc that word to Do we realize the extent of these represent the totality of influences political changes? Perhaps we may which go forth from our western understand the situation better if we world, not only along political lines, illustrate by areas with which Ameri- but in other directions also. Think ~ans are better acquainted. What of the influences that have been exdoes the aggression of Great Britain erted along the lines of commerc~ and Russia mean in Persia? It is and travel, in journalism and general as if Mexico should extend her power literature, in new thought and educa-

CONVERSION OF MOHAMMEDANS

tional awakening, in social reform tion of woman. But we step into the and material improvements. These Mission building, as it was our privi- influences have gone forth from the lege to do, and this young woman is West and have surged up like a great introduced to us by the missionary. tidal w.ave around the resisting Mos- There are no Moslem men present. lem world. They have succeeded in She throws back that black veil and penetrating the Moslem world and you see features that bear every rehave brought about a new attitude ~emblance to our western type. You and ushered in a new day. see a complexion that is clear and fair. You see lustrous brown eyes In traveling through the Levant, and beautiful brown hair. She speaks one is constantly perplexed to know with a voice of rare sweetness and to what extent conditions have actu- purity. She will talk to you in ally changed. There are times when Turkish, her native language; or in one imagines that the East is still the French, if you prefer; or in Eng- East and that everything abides the lish, if you please. She is a regular same. There are other times when contributor to the Young Turkish one feels that the changes have been paper. And in the recent war, I am so far-reaching and complete, that told, that she brought together sevlittle remains of the past. But one eral of a spirit kindred to her own is never sure of his ground. In Con- and went forth to serve under the stantinople I was made to realize Order of the Red Crescent as an keenly how difficult it is to discover angel of mercy to the wounded and the extent to which these forces have the dying. They said her name was operated upon the life of the Orient. Halideh Hanem, and that her father It was there my privilege to meet a was treasurer to the old Sultan, Abmost interesting personality, a woman dul Hamid. She does not call herwho may be counted as a part of the self a Christian, but you would no Young Turkish movement. If one longer call her a Mohammedan. The should meet her on the street, he spirit of the West has entered her would find her drest in Turkish cos- life. The training and the ideals of tume, wearing the heavy black veil the West became hers at the Amerwhich they still use in Constantinople. ican College for Girls, but conditions That veil invariably aroused within do not permit her as yet to cast off me a feeling of indignation and of the veil, so that if you would see resentment. It is not like the veil her on the street you would be quite which is used in Syria or Egypt, likely to say, Here is the old and the which begins just below the eyes, unchanging East. Nevertheless, beso that the most human part of a neath the veil the influences of the woman's face is still visible. But it West have wrought a change. is a heavy black veil that covers the entire head and which is absolutely After such an experience as this, impenetrable. one does not dare to despair. Rather. As one would see this woman on does one have the faith to believe the street, he would say, Here is the that the day is at hand when the veil Moslem world with all of its con- shall be lifted not from one face servatism, its seclusion and degrada- only, but off the face of the whole

East, and the results will be manifest managed to keep from being overof those silent processes which a run with out-of-town calls, and he Divine Providence has directed explained that in a measure he could throughout the years and the decades. control them by increasing the charges considerably. As we talked together, Among the forces which have I asked him, "What is the biggest fee helped to usher in the new day of you ever got?" After a moment's opportunity for work among Mos- thought he replied, "Fifty pounds," or lems, must be reckoned also the mis- two hundred and fifty dollars. It is sionary labors and activities of the to be remembered that all of this past. We, might as well recognize money goes back into the medical the fact at once, that the Moslem work and it is in this way that the thinks of our religion as polytheism. medical work becomes practically He believes that the Christian has self-supporting. "I got that fee from three gods: God the Father, God the a wealthy family for special services" Son, and God the Holy Spirit, or the -then he checked himself. uNo, the Goddess Mary. But not in vain have largest fee I ever got was the other been these years of the preaching of day. I was called to a home in one the gospel. Not in vain has the of the poorer sections of Assiut. A missionary, with a passionateness that young woman was sick and seemed rivaled and out-stript that of the about to die. I saw that they had Moslem himself, declared the unity had the native nurse and the native of the Godhead. Not in vain hav~ doctor, and that these had failed, so so many of the rising generation of they were calling in the American Moslems learned something of ~he doctor as a last resort. That is algospel story in mission schools, even ways the way. The mother anxiously as they learned to read. And not in asked me, 'Is there any chance?' And vain have Moslems visited Protestant I said to her, 'Yes, there's just a churches and been amazed to discover chance.' So I bundled the young neither picture nor image. Above alI, woman and the mother into the carnot in vain has the medical miSSIOn- riage and took them to the hospital. ary ministered to the sick and the We did what we could. After some suffering. time, I came out into the hall or ves- tibule, where the anxious mother was Let me illustrate the power of walbng. She came up to me and medical missionary work to break said (using the favorite Arabic word down prejudice and inspire sympathy for daughter), 'Doctor, how is my and even devotion. I was on the bint?' I said to her, 'Mother, your train in Egypt going southward. At bint is all right. She is going to live, Assiut there is a great mission hospi- and she has a fine boy.' 'Then,' tal. As the train stopt at that sta- said the doctor, 'she stept back for tion, I noticed that Dr. Henry, who a moment as if to take in the news, is in charge of the hospital, came on and then, opening up her arms-forboard. I said to him, "Doctor, how getting Oriental decorum and the secan you leave your hospital?" He clusion and position of woman in the said, "I am just going to a nearby East-she ran up and flung her arms town and will get back in the morning." Then I asked him how he

CONVERSION OF MOHAMMEDANS

around my neck.' 'That,' said Dr. in every dispute. It is the reading Henry, 'was the biggest fee I ever of the Sacred Book that is the most got.' " It is by such ministries of common pleasure provided by a host mercy wrought by the medical mis- at a feast, and to know the Sacred sionary, as well as by the preaching Book is the highest learning. Just and the teaching of the Word by because Mohammedanism is a reother missionary agencies, that the ligion of the Book, the printed page new day has been ushered in to becomes the most strategic method which we have referred. for work among Moslems.

A Strategic Method Have you ever noted the unusual advantages which this method pos- Now let us speak of a strategic sesses as a practical method of work? method for work among Moslems. There are advantages attached to It is the method of the printed page. the labors of a living messenger, but I am not emphasizing this particular there are other advantages which the method of work simply in loyalty to printed page alone possesses. The Dr. Zwemer, who has given so much living messenger is often too conof his life to it in the city of Cairo, spicuous. His presence is too noticebut I speak of it out of a conviction able to permit the timid inquirer to that was born of observations and appeal to him for a knowledge of the studies of the Moslem problem, both Way of Life. But the printed page during the past winter and in pre- may slip into a home, secretly, hidden ceding years. I do not hesitate to in the fold .of the flowing robe, or say that the strategic method for in the bosom of the Oriental gown. work among Moslems is the printed The living messenger may, at best, page. speak for but an hour or two, but the printed page may abide in the It is the method of work that we home and prolong the appeal throughwould naturally expect would be out entire days and far into the effective in laboring among Moslems, nights. The living messenger, if a for it is the method of the Book, man, may ordinarily speak to men and the Moslem's religion is a re- only; or, if a woman, to women ligion of the Book. You will easily only. But the printed page may recognize that if we were dealing speak alike to men, to women, with a people whose religion found and to children. These are some of its strongest anchorage in ritual, then the reasons why I have come to the it might be that by laying emphasis conviction that no agency can peneon Christian ritual, we could best trate Islam so deeply, abide so permake our appeal to the adherents of sistently, witness so daringly, and inthat religion. Or if we were dealing fluence so irresistibly, as the printed with a people whose religion laid special emphasis on hero-worship, we page. would best make our appeal to such The printed page is also a strategic a people by putting to the front heroic Christian characters. But Mo- method of missionary work, because hammedanism is essentially a religion it is able to transmit life, the imof the Book. The printed page of pulses of lives that have helped to the Sacred Book is the final authority prepare its messages. I think: we

CAIRO,.. THE HAND THAT SHOOTS THE ARROW OF THOUGHT INTO, THE MOSLEY WORLD are all f.amiliar with this strange mer has pointed out that the politiquality of certain printed messages. cal center of Islam is at Constanti- We open a letter and read it, and nople, the religious center at Mecca, we feel the thrill and the throb of the intellectual center at Cairo. Not inspiration or love which animated long ago I was looking at a map of the writer of the letter, it may be, the Moslem world. There were poracross great intervals of time and trayed upon this map a bow and arspace. The life that went into the row. The bow was so placed that message comes out of the message. one end of the bow lay at Constanti- That is the power of the printed page nople, and the other at Mecca. It to-day. ,vas a suggestive picture, for the power of Islam, the spring of the The Strategic Place bow of Islam, are derived from its political center and its religious cen- There is also a strategic place for ter. But the arrow that is shot from work among Moslems, and especia1- this bow of Islam, and the hand: that ly for the operation of this method draws the bow and shoots the arrow of work among Moslems. Dr. Zwe-

KHUTBA ON THE BIRTH OF THE PROPHET 35

of thought and of knowledge, is to and issuance of the Christian literabe found in the valley of the Nile ture for Moslems, the strategic place at Cairo. The greater the political for the establishment of the Chrispower, the more intense the religious tian Mission press must be at Cairo. passion, the stronger will be the Over against the Moslem press, we spring of the bow of Islam, and the must place the Christian press. Over farther will reach the arrow that is against the Moslem University, we shot from the Moslem press and must establish a Christian University, from the great educational center of and thus, and thus only, shall we an- Islam at Cairo. Because of this fact, swer fully the challenge of the Mosthe strategic place for the operation lem world.

THE KHUTBA ON THE BIRTH OF THE PROPHET TRANSLATED BY ARTHUR T. UPSON, CAIRO, EGYPT Superintendent of the Nile Mission Press N the Khutbas, issued In Thy Name, 0 God, let every new enterprise be blest, and by Thy III I by the Nile Mission Spirit let this pamphlet be illumi- Press, of Cairo, the nated.

press has sought to There is no God but Thee, the most merciful of merciful ones, be supply a series of Thou blest and exalted, 0 Lord of the worlds. . popular tracts in Ara- As for what follows: bic, written in a style 0, worshipers of God, this is a summary of what is to be found in which characterizes the Mohammedan the story of the birth of Christ and of Mohammed, leaving the judgment tracts, and which will thus present by discrimination to the conscience of the reader. Turning aside from Christian truths in a manner that hurting feelings, and leaving blind fanaticism alone, the only object is to will appeal to Moslems. These set forth the truth, that it may be followed, and to expose error, that it Khutbas have been widely distributed may be avoided.

over the Mohammedan world, and As for the birth of Janab* Mo- have exerted a strong influence on hammed, the narrators of tradition have recorded hundreds of stories the minds of the readers. concerning the occurrence of won- ders, and of the appearance of mar- We give here a translation of one vels, both in the heavens and the earth, such as the tongue would tire of these Arabic tracts which was cir- of telling and the pen would tire of writing. culated in Egypt on the occasion of If, however, we look at the science the Prophet's birthday. The result • A term of respect in the East. was that a prominent daily news- paper of Cairo made a bitter attack on the Khutba, and on the mission- aries who circulated it. No attempt was made to answer the argument presented-but this is characteristic of the Moslem world, to meet argu- ment with vituperation.

Over 100,000 of the Khutbas have been printed and distributed, but thus far no Moslem has been able to answer them, and no Moslem paper has even attacked them Dr their statements of fa Ct.-EDITOR.

The Birth of the Prophet BISMILLAH (In the Name of God) :

of "Conventional Tradition" and its ad lib., no less than 40 being men- fules, we find that the majority of tioned.) these, if not all of them, are abso- Let these suffice as a specimen of lutely fictitious, and even if any the many remaining traditions which could be proved to be correct in their are astonishing, which show that the attribution to the speaker of them, relater failed to speak the truth at all. yet in any case there is no evidence 0, people, this is only a part of that the events ever happened. Here what is to be found in the traditions are some supposed wonders: about the birth of Mohammed, but in (I) That Mohammed was actually the Koran itself it does not say one thing about the event, either explicitly a handful of the Light of God.

(2) That he was the first created or implicitly, but of the birth of being. Sayidna Jesus Christ we read of it (3) That Gabriel saw him as a in Al 'Imram and in the Gospel ac- cording to Luke, I :28-39. From planet 70,000 times, and between these passages we see that the Koran every two times 72,000 years elapsed.

(4) The dividing of the light of his essence into four parts, from agrees with the witness of the Gospel which all living creatures were cre- as to the wonders which occurred at ated. (5) That he was a prophet while the annunciation to the Virgin Mary, and also at the unique birth. Let us Adam was yet unmade. compare the Koran and the Gospel. ( 6) That all the animals of the tribe of Qllraish talked in order to Gospel-"And the angel came in proclaim the pregnancy of his unto her, and said, Hail, thou that mother. art highly favored, the Lord is with (7) The hastening of all creatures thee; blessed art thou among women."

to proclaim his birth. Koran-ClAnd the angels said, '0 (8) Every pregnant woman in the Mary, verily God hath chosen thee tribe of Quraish bore a male child before the women of all the worlds.' "

that year as a special honor to him. Gospel-HAnd when she saw him, (9) There was fertility that year she was troubled at his saying, and instead of sterility. cast in her mind what manner of ( IO) Flaming comets at his birth salutation this should be." Koran- to keep the devils from overhearing. "She said, I will take refuge from ( I I) The priests proclaimed his thee with the merciful one, if thou birth. be pious."

(12) Some of the idols spoke. Gospel-HAnd the angel said unto (13) He was a light which was her, Fear not, Mary: for thou hast conveyed from loin to womb from found favor with God. And, behold, Adam down to his father and mother. thou shalt conceive in thy womb, and (14) That all the idols fell down bring forth a son, and thou shalt call upon their faces. his name Jesus, for He shall save (IS) The overthrow of the kings His people from their sins." (Matt., of the earth. 1:21.) HHe shall be great and shall (16) The drying up of Lake Ti- be called the Son of the Highest."

berias at his birth. K oran-"When the angels said, 0 (I7) The light of the magi was Mary, verily God bringeth thee good put out in all the earth. news of a Word from Him, whose (18) Fracture of the palace of name is Jesus Christ, the Son of Khosroes and the fall of its battle- Mary, respected in this world and the ments. next, and of the exalted ones." Also, (19) The crowns fell from the "He said I am only a messenger of heads of the kings of the earth. (Etc. the Lord to give thee a virtuous son."

KHUTBA ON THE BIRTH OF THE PROPHET

Gospel-HThen said Mary unto the which would necessitate the prIOrIty angel, How shall this be, seeing I of the Father. May God be exalted know not a man." Koran-HShe far above that, but the meaning of said, How can I have a son when no this sonship is the spiritual relationman hath touched me, neither have ship, which is understood from the I been a harlot." meaning "His Spirit" and "His Word," namely, that as the nearest Gospel-HAnd the angel answered to one Himself is His Spirit and His and said unto her, The Holy Ghost Word. Thus is the Son without parshall come upon thee, and the power tition, connection or division, and this of the Holy Ghost shall overshadow the human mind can not comprehend thee: therefore, that holy thing which as we all admit in the matter of the shall be born of thee shall be called Essence of God and His attributes, the Son of God." Koran-"Christ for God is far above the understand- Jesus, son of Mary, is the apostle of ing of the human mind and the God and His Word which He cast limitations of our thoughts. into Mary, and a spirit from Him." Also, "Thus God createth what he 0, ye Mohammedans, this is what pleaseth." And in Surat Maryam, is to be found in the Gospel con- "He said, Thus Thy Lord saith, it cerning the birth of Christ and the is a small matter to me to make it Koran, as agreed with it (as we have a sign to men and a mercy from us; shown). and it became a decreed matter." As for that which is mentioned in 0, ye believers in the Unity of the Gospel only (here foHows the full text of Matthew, 2: 1-12, and of God, look at this significant agree- Luke, 2: 7-20) .

ment between these two books, from May God have mercy upon you, and cause you to look with the eye which it appears that the one quoted of penetration into these two births and consider the testimony of the from the other. Be not disturbed by two books, and then make the mind and conscience arbitrators, leaving the difference between the expression aside all fanatical inclination. May God make us all to follow the truth of the Gospel, "Shall be called the and to avoid error, and to bow to justice wherever we find it, and to Son of the Highest" and also "shall listen to His word. Amen.

be called the Son of God," and of the Koran, "His Word and a spirit from Him." His Word must neces- sarily be an attribute of His Most High Self existing from eternity, and by means of which He gives expres- sion to His divine will, and "by Whom all things are." Thus, He said at the beginning of the Gospel of John: "In the beginning was the Word, The Sequel: A Newspaper Attack and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. . . . All things How THEY SLANDER ISLAM.- were made by Him, and without Him Egypt has been afflicted with a party was not anything made that was who have taken upon their shoulders made." to stir up the people; I mean a party The spirit of a thing is the es- of proclaimers of other religions.

sence of itself. Be careful not to It has been afflicted with that party understand from the word "Son" of evil-doers who have entirely failed merely animal physical generation, to appreciate the favor of the Mos-

lems in allowing them to gain a liv- is preferred before him, because there ing among them! are mentioned in the Old and New That party has made a solemn Testaments his virtues and his won- promise, and a severe oath, never to derful miracles.

be abrogated that they would circu- 0, people, the Moslems are a late their evil thoughts and the delu- people who know the truth, and are sions of their brains among a quiet not going to listen to the lying say- people who are attending to the im- ings of these people.

provement of their own country! By God, the distribution of these They have taken to distribute little papers is quite futile, for the abominable tracts, in which, with simple Moslem derides their sayings their sharp tongues, they attack the and crushes their papers under his Moslems with words filled with the feet. Oh, that the leaders of Islam spirit of fanaticism! would arise and expose the sayings They criticize and deny the apostle- of these deluded ones.

ship of Mohammed (upon him be Where is the government? It prayers and peace), and despise the should stop these men from their words of the Holy Koran and its atrocious deeds.

judgments, and they put 'Isa before (Signed) M- T- Mohammed by various proofs from their Gospel. The Journal-The Khutba referred They have printed a number of to has reached us in the post, and we find that it was printed at the Khutbas, which they have distributed Nile Mission Press, Bulaq, Cairo. among the Moslems. Among these Now, the printing of such publicais the Khutba called "The Noble Vic- tions, in which their writers investitim," which the Honorable Sheikh gate the religion of Islam upon such Abdul Fattah referred to last week a plan as that, and their distribution, in this paper. Then, before very especially in country districts, must long, they came to my own village doubtless affect the public safety in at the time of the prophet's birthday a way that will not please the author- (upon whom be prayers and peace), ities, for Mohammedans in the towns and cities have enough brains and and distributed another Khutba on knowledge to enable them to reply to the Moulid (birthday), containing these attacks with strong proofs, but every kind of insult, abuse, and ex- in the country, among illiterate peoposure of the words of the Moslems ple, there is no one that can defend and their book, according to their his religion.

On that account we ask the Egyp- own sons, and the evil constitution, tian Government to intervene in this which is theirs by nature. matter, in order to protect the pub- They say that Mohammed is not a lic safety.-EDITOR OF THE JOURNAL.

prophet, as the Moslems hold, but [Where are the opposing proofs?- that Olrist 'Isa (upon him be peace), A. T. u.] H1 will place no "alue on an?tbing 11 ba"e or ma? poaaea9, ercept in relation to tbe 1king~om of ~briat."

-lDauih 1h,ingstone

~"L Xc:- ~c(/ractord

/;T It c t!!7 (l Lj. b't AT.1 ))c (f-/ A- q: u ;;Z (":":liJl ) f !:., '"11111/ 7 A i ) . . 51 f/{ ./'? 'J FJ:;J., ?). Effi })-.1,2 y(l e ) ( ?r 7 A ;Y -S J ~ (L 20c /.!..!.!.!.!.!J.' ot: 2 (J2 / I- ~ o L/ )' ~ ED i/-> 7' /f i) fV') C 2 -:2 ) H 2 ,}:(. I} 31)(( tJ Isf~oI.l.!/~lt.l-(.l.J -;) .-JI< ~ '3'J~-)-!t'!::-h~- f"I 2t– 13 cO U i I't – ')) ~ £. 3 – t .-1 J. (VT- – • J.t -'Z – J.;to (',L •• C C) – 'l of- '7 – I Zu .~ ~_.!. …. '1-=:'f,t GG II( '! 'J $oj j ……. .t; [ – z.;!roJo – I J~~ ('.J.<zrL – ~""J ),."

rlat~!!!S~~h p;~~h t~:tt E~~nrg~lhisahJ,h:uqs:u~aOl~lfyatm~sa.deIIrqnu~etnn;l~y~yoErp'tVwtivs~tae~d~'eto':!!die!c!esiv(e:-n~saehe~~bae~lofw~.':~e;Thi~e:r~ee;id;exp~r~oebea~b~ly~~in:o:tCta~. ~~l.!ePttc!riToc~f'ga:n~y: letters at all are o.nly fO~I,.n lan.KU8Sc In the whole. Smith's ignorance is shown by the two errors in spelling the title word.

Jllirlt Lift4: .trfbackWOlrcb), H, 4, …. , (, L. 4, C. t,A,'t.l.n.c.8w1, 4withs, T, U. Z.·ct" 8."). &co~ Liu: g, ….., 1. A, t.2.ffbactwanis. H. r-" …….. St 3. I.II g. – –Ibackwards. t,:.Sbackw1.rcla, Nt Z. ft:rntf ,the pag~ bottom up mak~1 clear t.h~ fraud of several letters E "he, aSlty of the claim tl!.at,theo "plates" were engraved in America in lines 2 ttl 7' turning endwise shows sfeavcetratlhamt otrht~ about 400 A. D: is further shown by the bo"o'krs"K~fni::nc:~.r oi"!~:e:;h ~~~ 'p;::h~s.. I1(S:I~t1La~:tt"Cit~aj~~~~; ~i::ila/~~~s ca~~ }~u:jO{~~~f~:v~or~~~ b!~k., :MormoA Reduced fac-simi1e of the "caractors" fabricated by Joseph Smith in 1828 to support his claim to having the "gold plates" for the Book of Mormon. This one page is sufficient alone to prove lformonism a fraud, (See the explanation below the "caractors.") MORMONISM TO-DAY AND ITS REMEDY-II BY REV. JOHN D. NUTTING, CLEVELAND, OHIO Secretary of the Utah Gospel Mission IV. Mormonism as a System of Religion (a) There are many Gods, of whom Adam is the "god» of this and Morals world and the one to be worshiped by its inhabitants. Both of these This phase of Mormonism is more ideas are official doctrine, tho many important than alI the foregoing put Mormons of the better class repudiate together, tho usually given hardly a them both. Yet numbers have told tithe of the attention bestowed on us that they worshiped Adam, and one of their most frequently used them. For it is the only thing which hymns makes Joseph Smith now a "god," and ascribes divine powers to could make the others at all possi- him. hIe, in the very nature of the case; it is the fundamental cause, while "Hail to the Prophet, ascended to they are somewhat superficial results; heaven! and in it is the only key to the un- Traitors and tyrants now fight him derstanding of all the rest. Hence we must consider briefly some funda- in vain; mentals of Mormonism as a religion, Mingling with Gods, he can plan for his false tho it be in every essential. . brethren, The fundamental and formative Death can not conquer the hero factor in any religion is its doctrine again." of God; whether right or wrong, it will bring all the other parts of the "Are there more Gods than one? Yes, system into essential harmony with many."-Catechism, p. I3, (also see quotaitself sooner or later, if allowed to tions below). operate. "He" [Adam] "is our Father and our 1. The Mormon doctrine of God- God, and the only God with whom we the basis of the system. (The quota- have to do."-Brigham Young, !. of D., tions are from Mormon writings.) 1. 50.

(0) These 'were all formerly hu-

man beings on this or some other (e) As a divinity gets power enough over the forces of nature he earth, becoming "gods" by an evolutionary process. goes into some unoccupied corner of space and there organizes a new "God Himself was once as we are world out of the chaotic matter there now, and is an exalted Man."-Joseph (we are not responsible for the con- Smith,!. of D., VI; p. 4. "And you have tradictions of Mormon theology) and got to learn how to be Gods yourselves, goes to it with one of his "wives" the same as all Gods have done before and begins to populate it with bodies you."-Jos. Smith, f. of D., VI., 4; Camp. for the spirit babies of the "gods" 283. Liabona, Dec. 5, 19II, gives the whole already mentioned. These spirit babies these are taken, approvingly. were born of the "flesh-and-bone"

(c) They are male and female, and "gods" and goddesses, in the other with their former human marriage re- world, and are allowed to come here lations, (especially if polygamous), and enter bodies, in order that they still continued; and sex-propagation is their "chief glory;" the more chil- may go on and become divinities. Adam was the "god" who thus ordren, the greater the "god," as each rules over his own posterity only. ganized this world (creation is ridi- Their number is constantly increasing culed by Mormonism) and thus beas Mormons die and "evolute" into came its "god," as already stated. new divinities. "In that endless future, new worlds, "When our Father Adam came into systems of worlds and universes will be created from the exhaustless store of the garden of Eden, he came into it eternal matter, and made the habitation of the ever-increasing posterity of the with a celestial body, and brought Eve, Gods. Let no one fear-there is room for all this multiplying and increasing in one of his wives, with hirn."-Brigham limitless space."-New Witness, 474-5.

Young, f. of D., I. 50. "One great object of the creation of the world, was that bodies might be "Each God, through his wife or wives prepared for those spirits who already existed, and who, when they saw the raises up a numerous family of sons and earth formed, shouted for joy."-Taylor, M ed. and At., 130. daughters: for each father and It follows from the above that mother will be in a condition to multi- such "gods" must all be sinners, for ply for ever and ever."-The Seer, I. 37. no human being but Christ ever lived By this process "the race of the Gods without sin; while polygamy and lying, of which their own books acis perpetuated," and by it, in connection cuse these supposed "gods," are cer- tainly sins. with the rest of Mormonism, "man will "Adam found himself in a position yet attain unto the power of the God- that compelled him to disobey one of the requirements of God."-f. E. Talhead, and like his Father-God-his mage, Art. of F., 68. "God's plan in re- lation to man was that he should fall" chief glory will be to bring to pass the -Pres. Taylor, Mediation and Atonement, 187. eternal life and happiness of his poster- And any such beings, if they exity."-B. H. R~berts, New Witness, 4(j2.

(d) They have fleshly bodies.

Speaking of polygamists only: "Worlds will be filled with their generations and they will ascend to the majesty and splendor of the Gods on high."-Mor. Doc. 51-2.

"There is no other God in heaven but that God who has flesh and bones."- f as. Smith, Camp. 287. "Jesus Christ and the Father are two persons, in possessing every organ, limb, and material part that man possesses."-Key 42.

TO-DAY AND ITS REMEDY

isted, would not be gods at best, but for the most part swallowing it only human beings grown large, with whole and without the least apparent all their faults and limitations, just impediment to their intellectual and as paganism teaches. So Mor- theological digestive apparatus, tho it monism teaches directly that its is never digested. "gods" can not be in more than one place at once-as is, of course, true The simple fact is, as shown by of any being having flesh and bones. the above quotations and many others, It is also true that none of the that Mormonism is simply a modern other attributes of God could belong phallic paganism; its doctrines reto any such being; he could not be volving around the idea of propagaeither eternal, unchangeable, spirit, tion through physical sex, in both trinity, omnipresent, omnipotent, om- worlds. It is impossible to analyze it niscient, invisible, perfect, infinite in down to anything else. Fuller statelove or otherwise, holy, or the only ments, in quotations, can be found in one of his kind; all of which are "True Mormon Doctrine," "The Priimperatively taught by the Bible and vate Doctrines of Mormon Theology" good reason as characteristics of the and "The Truth About God," by the true GOD. The foregoing doctrine writer (I 5c.). is clearly pagan in almost every feature; and the counterpart of its 2. The Doctrine of Christ-No every detail may be found in the Trinity. The Trinity is openly jeered mythologies of heathenism, while at, and the first so-called "Article of every point is, of course, squarely Faith" (the whole of these are incontradictory to the Word of God. tended as a blind more than a trt~e Indeed, aside from the licentious statement of faith), which seems to features of the worship of Venus and teach the Trinity, is explained to Bacchus, one might search in vain mean three separate Gods, of whom through all heathenism to find a the Father and Son have fleshly doctrine of God more entirely con- bodies, but the Holy Ghost has not. trary to the Word and reason than The Holy Spirit is a different being is this of Mormonism to-day. And still, the permeating light and life of the above is no out-of-date teaching, the universe. "Every tree and stone but is held NOW, and is officially has a spirit, everything has a spirit," taught. One of the Mormon journals said a good and prominent Mormon published Joseph Smith's worst last summer to the writer. "sermon" on this subject only a year ago, with foot-notes to prove it by Like other human beings, Christ B. H. Roberts, the foremost Mormon had pre-existence as the spirit son of writer, and editor of the young men's some ex-human god and goddess. publications. It is astounding that His earthly life began, not by the such a renascence of paganism miracle of the Bible, but by the comshould be able to obtain even passing ing down of the fleshly "Adam-God" credence in this age; but we find to Mary; and instead of being the both the leaders craftily defending its double, divine-human nature which worst points and the common people the Bible teaches, he is simply a human physical, "elder brother" of us all, born as above. (The doctrine is contradictory and irreconcilable

here.) He is generally believed to one ordered by God in his infinite wis- have been married in polygamy to Mary and Martha at Cana, which dom. Q. Did Adam and Eve lament or was his own wedding feast; and by these he had children (base interpre- rejoice because they had transgressed tation of Isa. 53:10). the commandment. .? A. They "The Father had begotten him in his own likeness. He was not begotten by rejoiced and praised God."-Catechism, the Holy Ghost. And who is the Father? He is the first of the human 32,33; Comp.4. family."-Brigham Young, J. of D., I; 50. 4. No Conception of the Atone- "We say it was Jesus Christ who was ment. With the Mormon idea of married (at Cana, to the Marys and Christ as himself debased to a sinful Martha) whereby he could see his seed level, and that of sin itself almost an- before he was crucified."-Apostle O. nihilated, there is slight need or pos- Hyde, sermon. sibility of atonement by Christ. So their doctrine on this point also must 3. Conceptions of Sin and Righteous- be untrue and contradictory to the ness Lacking. With the worship of Bible and fundamental doctrine of a "god" who is sinful, as we have Christianity from the beginning. seen, neither abhorrence of sin nor Hence, too, its counterfeit of the love of righteousness is logically pos- Lord's Supper dt:ops out the symbol sible; for both alike are mutually of the blood shed for sin, and substiconsistent and objects of worship in tutes mere water; and this while its the divinity. The being one worships stock charge against us is that we is his ideal; he can rise no higher, "have changed the ordinances I" and if already higher is bound to sink to its level in time, because if "The Atonement made by Jesus Christ honest with his ideals he is bound to strive to attain them. Hence we brought about the resurrection from the find, both theologically and in practical life among the people, no real dead, and restored life."-Taylor, M. and abhorrence of sin on the one hand or love of righteousness on the other; A., I78. (See B. of M., Alma 42 :22.) The moral distinctions have largely been annihilated by such wicked theology, atonement "signifies the deliverance . . . as is inevitable. One might go through the many hundreds of Mor- of the earth and everything pertaining mon reports of their sermons in the writers' library, such as the News to it, from the power which death has constantly publishes, and not find one idea of sin or righteousness above the obtained over them through the translevel of mere expediency; the moral sense is dulled and distinctions largely gression of Adam. . Redemption obscured. from personal sins can only be obtained "We ought to consider the fall of our first parents as one of the great steps through obedience to the requirements to eternal exaltation and happiness, and of the gospel [Mormon ceremonies] and a life of good works."-Comp., 8, 9.

5. Four Bibles-Continuous Reve- lation. Before Mormonism can foist its own system on the world it must get rid of Christianity. It must teach the incompleteness and unre- liability of the Bible, and its own powers as a modem channel of con- tinuous revelation from God. So, from Smith down, these have been fundamental doctrines. One of the saddest things we meet among Mor- mons is their intrained distrust of the Word of God; and one of the

most striking of encouraging things "exaltation" in one of the degrees of is the fact that, notwithstanding this, heaven, of which the highest is occu- God still gives his Word so much pied by polygamists and others who force with them as he does, in spite have become "gods"-not a very atof their teaching, that the Bible is tractive prospect! Grace, gift, faith unreliably translated, that much has and forgiveness are all unknown to been lost out of it, etc. Mormonism in this connection, and, indeed, are often ridiculed when men- "Add all this imperfection to the un- tioned. The heathen idea of paying certainty of the translation, and who, in off for sins with good deeds is almost his right mind, could, for one moment, universaIly the limit of ideas on this suppose the Bible in its present form subject. One of the most painful exto be a perfect guide? Who knows that periences among the people is to find even one verse of the whole Bible has their almost entire ignorance and escaped pollution, so as to convey the even frequent ridicule of these very same sense now that it did in the ABC ideas of the New Testaoriginal?"-Apostle Pratt, Divine Auth. of ment. As a Mormon woman in B. of M., .p. 218. Idaho said to the writer, when asked what she thought we must do to be "The living oracles [priestly revela- saved, "0, if r do more good than tions now1 are worth more to the Lat- I do evil, I'll get to heaven after I've ter-Day Saints than all the Bibles, etc." been punished for the sins I've com- -Apostle M. W. Merrill, Conference, S. L. mitted;" the statement being affirmed City, Oct., r897. also by dozens of others to whom it was quoted. They generally ridicule A common idea is that the Bible the idea of any hell, tho their own was God's revelation for a bygone books are full of it; thus making age and the European continent; salvation consist only in getting to while the Book of Mormon was for some degree of "exaltation;" the this continent and the same bygone teaching being also that all but a age, and the Doctrine and Covenants very few will so attain, after their is for this continent and age both; purgatorial experiences. (See quotathey also believe in the Pearl of Great tion under Atonement.) Price. Such ideas rob the Word of its value and power; but in spite of The results of such ideas are now them it miraculously holds greater and everywhere just what they were power for almost any Mormon than in Paul's time (Rom. 9 :30-32)- the other books, tho the living voice lowering the standard to match the of their leaders stilI eclipses alI in immoral life as the failure to raise the minds of many. The Bible is the life to the true standard becomes used vastly more than even ten years manifest. And this is always a charago, and will surely vindicate its real acteristic of Mormonism in practical character in time. life. There is no hope of help from its sinful, ex-human deities, nor in a 6. Salvation by Deeds and Ordi- Christ who is not the Christ of the nances Only. Since the death of Bible, nor in a salvation which is at Christ was only to produce a physical the best like trying to lift oneself by resurrection, in which good and bad alike share, we are left to good works for salvation, so far as any is needed. Indeed, their idea of salvation is merely the obtaining of an

his own bootstr.aps. Hence the moral small attendance .and the seeming or level of Mormonism is and always real impossibility of treating upon must remain very low, except as it some of the very things which they is influenced by Christianity from need most to learn. There are, peroutside in spite of itself. We have haps, 120 schools now in operation in not room to consider this phase of the Utah and the eastern (Mormon) part subject, tho very important, further of Idaho, with probably 10,000 memthan to say that instead of Mormon- bers. dom being the paradise on earth often portrayed by the Mormon Next in order of time came preach- "elder" on his proselyting errands ing services and the church. Accordoutside, after 20 years' experience the ing to the best figures at hand, writer is compelled to say that it which are not complete, there are seems to him the lowest moral level about 100 churches and regular of all the nine places in five States preaching-stations in Utah and conin which he has lived. Yet the people tiguous Mormon territory. The Bapare far better than the pagan, phallic tists have about II, the Congregationsystem by which they are enthralled; alists about 12, the Disciples 1, the because very many of them have Episcopalians about 16, the Methodcome out of Christian churches, as ists and Presbyterians each about 35, honestly deceived by a system which and the Lutherans about 7. Perhaps hid its realities from them as are J8 of the whole are self-supporting, the adherents of Christian Science or tho usually barely so; the total memother religious fads. The good they bership is about 8,000, and the atbring over helps neutralize the bad tendants nearly all non-Mormons. into which they have come. The 1,10rmons are often "counseled" to keep away, and are always With all the foregoing facts as the taught that Christian ministers are background, we are now ready to ask counterfeits, working merely for the great question, money and sect, and the churches spurious; a very small proportion What is the Remedy for the Mormon only of the Mormons are ever in at- tendance at these services. Evil? Next came the mission school The political, financial, social and work; and for many years it was the religious characteristics of Mormon- largest and most effective agency for ism which have been pointed out are the Kingdom which we have ever had. the indications by which any rem- But the public school has now covedy which will succeed must be ered the field of secular education chosen. Let us glance, in passing, well, and only about a half-dozen at the work which has already been mission schools remain, with as many clone. academies; and the latter are finding their pathway made increasingly diffi- The Sabbath-school was the first cult by the incoming high-schools. form of Christian work in Utah. Consecrated by the life-blood of its The mission school was intended first superintendent at the hands of largely as a religious agency as well Mormon hatred, it has endured until as intellectual; the scholars daily now. Its value in helping the Mormon people has been limited by their

TO-DAY AND ITS

learned Bible truth and on Sunday reach them as well as others with attended the services which the His gospel. In pursuit of stich an teacher held-perhaps the only ones idea, several forms of traveling work for many miles around. Now a num- have been in operation among the ber of such places are without any Mormons. The American Tract So- Christian work, while the buildings ciety for some years had one or two stand in reproachful neglect and the men at work selling good books from children of Gentile and Mormon house to house. The American Sunalike go to be taught that there are day-school Union has also had one many gods, of whom Joseph Smith or two workers in the field for some was a prophet, with all the other years, founding several schools. The UTAH GOSPEL MISSION EVANGELISTS WITH THEIR GOSPEL WACONS false and debasing tenets of Mor- Baptists have had one or two men monism; and later they intermarry in wagons; the American Bible Soand increase the Mormon dynasty. ciety has had several workers, tho for some years now working mainly The gospel is the power of God through the Utah Gospel Mission. unto salvation only when it is made to come strongly into contact with the This Utah Gospel Mission, of souls in need; and since the 11Of- Cleveland, is the result of a broad, mons will not come to us in any experimental and very careful study great measure to be taught the Bible of all the factors in the problem of way, it is perfectly clear that we reaching the Mormon people with must go to them or fail of carrying what might be called a fair gospel out the final command of Christ to chance.

It was incorporated in I900, with 1110st heartily in favor of having law a Board including members of various do all that it can do; but let us denominations; and its every detail cease making the mistake of expect- fits the peculiar needs of the people. ing it to do things entirely outside of The "sect and salary" objections are its province or power. And until an met by going without both, finding amendment to the national Constitu- friends to help meet actual, eCOnom- tion is passed, the national govern- ical expenses as they occur. Its ment has no power at all to inter- workers live in great gospel wagons fere in such matters in any State; the year round, visiting all the homes while Utah laws, tho good, are prac- and holding meetings outdoors, in tically null because Mormons will meeting-houses or dance-halls, so never enforce them against themselves.

planned as to be most attractive and Others haye expected that secular useful. N early all the 550 odd set- education would correct the evil. The tlements (450 with no local Chris- statement of a skeptical professor in tian work), have been visited three one of the largest Utah schools some times in about I I years of the work, years ago is instructive in this re- making about 180,000 visits, holding gard : "When I came here, six years 2,000 meetings with 160,000 present, ago, I thought that education would and using over 13,000,000 pages of solve the problem. But since I have special literature; while in the East seen some of their brightest young it has done a large work of public men go even to foreign lands and information, also. In character the come back with a string of degrees work is educational-evangelistic; first after their names, and as much Mor- seeking to make the great truths of mons as ever, I have given that all the Bible clear and strong to the peo- up." "How do you explain it?" the ple, and then to secure the undivided writer asked. "Vias their secular surrender of heart to the God thus education only so much added power perceived and to all His truth. behind their old religious ideas, which Many persons have the idea that education had left untouched, or was some sort of legal measures will it because of social or financial rea- solve the lJormon problem. But sons after they returned, or both?"

such surely forget that the evil is "I guess it was both," he replied; fundamentally that of a false re- and such is doubtless the fact. Secu- ligion, and that so long as the leaders lar education does not touch the can keep their grip on the religious sorest spot of need, tho it helps by nature of the people (no matter cultivating thought and giving. a whether sincercly or not) they have broader basis of facts. True re- that which gives control in finance, ligious education is necessary till they . politics, family relations, residence can see the great religious facts to and everything else; and that hence which their false training has blinded there can be no real cure except one them as others are sometimes color- which shall correct .their religion. blind. Ordinarily they get nothing in Law can help suppress outward po- their meetings and reading, but the lygamy or other crime; but that is pagan ideas of Mormonism, from one about all it can do. The writer is end of the year to the other; and

TO-DA YAND ITS

these are presented in the most at- and will triumph if its messengers tractive and reasonable ways possi- are faithful and sufficiently numerous. ble, "to deceive if possible the very As long as Mormonism sends out elect." In similar circumstances we perforce 1,000 young men a year to would believe as they do-and far recruit for itself, each without salary more deeply than many pro£est Chris- and finding his expensts as he can tians believe their doctrines, because from friends and enemies, we must far more intensely indoctrinated. The be stirring to do what may be done only real cure for such religious dis- for the Kingdom against their aggresease lies in reversing the process by sive system; and strong men ought some means, so that the people shall to be offering . themselves in plenty gradually learn the truth instead of to help carry the light back to them. error:, and shall become really converted to Christ. The process must There are two ways to prevent necessarily be slow to be genuine; Mormons from getting many conbut it may none the less be real and verts: one is to keep people taught thorough. God is working; let us work by all possible methods which in the truth of the Bible so well that will lead to this end. The traveling they can not be deceived by false work of the Utah Gospel Mission is doctrine; the other is to so inform especially important, as the only way the public about Mormonism that yet found to reach the whole people people can not be made to besystematically and with the methods lieve untruths when these "elders" and messages suited to their needs. come. It is time that pulpit and press All other forms of Christian work alike are teeming with the facts on mentioned should be continued, espe- both these lines till all are informed cially the Sabbath-school and church and awakened. Dr. Kinney's book, work; and these should be made "Mormonism, the Islam of America," more effective by greater versatility is exceedingly valuable, as are also of effort. Let no one be discouraged many tracts issued by various houses. about the Mormon field; tho it is the Upon the faithfulness of Christians hardest in the world, the gospel of to the work thus needed in the TVesl Christ is stronger than that of Satan and elsewhere depends the ou/com.: of the Mormon issue.

It. PRESBYTERIAN" MISSION SCHOOL IN UTAH

R. MOTT IN THE FAR

CONFERENCES IN INDIA IN THE INTEREST OF MISSIONS HE "imperialist of sire to know more about His claims. These inquirers are to be enrolled mT Christianity," as Dr. R. in Bible classes, and much follow-up F. Horton calls John work must be done, for very few R. Mott, after wit- committed themselves definitely to the nessing his recent work Christian .life. in India, is just now concluding a tour of Asia as "the One of the most notable consegeneral of a far-flung battle line quences of these meetings was the which is bent on conquering the closer fellowship among the Chrisworld." As chairman of the con- tian leaders of all denominations in tinuation committee appointed by the Madras, as a result of the prepara- Edinburgh WorM Missionary Con- tory united prayer anu effort. ference, in 1910, Dr. Mott may he said to have gone as the special am- These conferences, held in Madras, bassador from the home church to Bombay, J ubbulpore, Allahabad, Lathe mission field. His schedule pro- hore and Calcutta, were conducted on vided for about seven weeks in the similar lines. From 50 to 70 dele- Indian empire, six weeks in China, gates were present at each, including five days in Korea, and three weeks Indians and foreigners, and reprein Japan, ending April 20th. The senting all denominations. They dereports of the conferences in India voted themselves to the disc11ssion of may be taken as typical of the gen- a syllabus of topics, which had been eral purposes and methods of the prepared by the chairman, in conwhole tour. sultation with missionary leaders in Europe and North America, with Sectional conferences were held in the continuation committee and its Rangoon, Burma, in Colombo, Cey- special committees, and with mislon, and in six cities of the Indian sionaries and native leaders on the peninsula. In each of these centers field. It covered the principal problarge meetings for students were also lems of missionary theory and pracheld by Dr. Mott and Mr. Sherwood tise, and the recommendations of each Eddy. In Madras, the sessions of the conference upon these points were conference occupied the daylight embodied in formal findings, to be hours, and the five evenings were presented to the national conference, given to student gatherings, for which which convened in Calcutta from careful preparation had been made: December 18th to 21St. Admission w:ts by ticket only, and the demand for these exceeded the This great gathering may be concapacity of the hall, which seated sidered one of the most significant over 2,000. Christ was clearly pre- ever held in India. It was significant sented as the only source of that in its personnel, its methods, its higher type of character which is declarations upon missionary quesessential both for the individual and tions old and new, and its plans for for the nation, and some 300 stu- the future. Five delegates were elected dents signed cards e~pressing a de- by each sectional conference, and about as many more were selected by Dr. Mott from India at large, making associated with it, plans that will in- 58 in all. This small number in- clude the whole range of the Chriscluded representatives of the ancient tian program as it is brought to bear Syrian Church of the Malabar Coast, upon these multitudinous peoples, of British, German, Danish, Swedish plans that will not leave great areas and American societies of every de- that we will continue to call unoccunomination, of the Young Men's and pied fields, plans that will take in Young Women's Christian Associa- the citadels or Gibraltars, in front of tions, and the Bible Society, 3 bishops which we will not flinch-in a word, of the Church of England, 7 women, plans that will be adequate to include and I I Indians. The last item is, this vast, complex Indian situation perhaps, the most significant of all. in all its wondrous unity as Christ Foremost among the Indian delegates sees it." He went on to point out stood Rev. V. S. Azariah, since con- that the realization of these plans secrated as the first Indian bishop of calls for a larger dynamic, not an the Church of England. There were increase of machinery. "God is not two lawyers, the secretary of the mu- calling us to new organization, but nicipality of Benares, the secretary He is calling us to new power." of the Indian National Missionary Finally, in this opening session, the Society, and several professors. chairman struck the keynote of the Among these may be mentioned Dr. succeeding days, in emphasizing God's S. K. Datta, of the Forman Christian call to larger cooperation and unity, College, in Lahore, who represented to participation in "this triumphant India at the Conference of the movement, the most characteristic World's Student Christian Federa- movement in Christendom at the tion, held in Denmark, in 1902. His present time, this drawing together aunt, Miss Bose, a missionary of the of the followers of Christ of every Church of England in the Punjab, name." had the honor of being the one In- The conference resolved itself into dian woman among the delegates. committees, to deal with the follow- The statesmanlike qualities of Dr. ing SUbjects: Cooperation, Survey Matt, which have led President Wil- and Occupation, the Indian Church son to offer him the post of Minister and Indian Leadership, Mass Moveto China, were never more evident ments, Christian Education, Christhan in his handling of this gather- tian Literature, Medical Missions, ing. But it was the statesmanship . 'Vomen's Work, the Training of Misof the Kingdom of God that was in- sionaries, the European and Anglovolved. His address on the opening Indian Community. They spent the evening of the conference challenged second day in separate sessions, rethe delegates to hear the voice of viewing and coordinating the findings God calling them into very large of the six sectional conferences on things, "things worthy of a great these heads. They were instructed, God who has great designs." He also, to bear in mind the resolutions interpreted this call as a summons, of the Madras Decennial Conference first to "plans that will include the and of the Commissions of the Edinwhole of the Indian empire and all burgh Conference, and to determine

whether, in view of the needs of service should be more fully empha- India as a whole, other matters called sized, in order that a larger number for findings or recommendations. It of the highest type of men and was an unusual sight when the ver- women might offer themselves to it. andahs and public rooms of the The need of evangelistic work with Grand Hotel, in Calcutta, were filled the deprest classes, among whom the with groups of earnest men and remarkable mass movements toward women, bent on the solution of the Christianity are taking place, was great missionary problems of India. fully recognized. Another point on which the gathering agreed was the The results of their deliberations importance of the production and were presented to the conference on distribution of Christian literature, the following day, for discussion and both for the training of the Chris- action. Only such resolutions as were tian and the winning of the non- approved by a two-thirds majority Christian. were incorporated in the findings of the conference, which have been is- On the question of the training of . sued in a pamphlet, called the most missionaries, . the main point empha- valuable forty pages that have ever sized was that the missionary should been published for Christian mis- have as thorough a knowledge as sionary work in India. These de- possible of the history and religions cisions are significant in their bearing of India before leaving home, but upon what may be cColled both the that the practical study of the ver- older and the newer questions of mis- naculars should be left until the arri- sionary policy. On the subject of val on the field. Union language educational missions, for example, it schools for missionaries are being es: was agreed that, tho education is be- tablished in certain centers, and meet coming more costly, its efficiency a real need. must be maintained. There was some discussion of the various aims One of the most striking features of Olristian education in India, the of the newer day in Indian missions strengthening of the Church, the con- is the place given in the conference version of the non-Christian, the to the question of the Indian Church spread of Christian ideals throughout society, but the conference declined and Indian leadership. The findings to fix the order of importance of these aims. on this subject seem of sufficient im- The committee on medical missions portance to be quoted at length. reported that there had been a faIl- ing off in the number of candidates "This conference notes with pro- for medical missionary service, altho, found thankfulness to God that, as in spite of government and mission- the outcome of Christian effort in ary effort, it is estimated that there this empire, there is riow .an Indian are still Ioo,OOO,OO8 people beyond Church firmly established which, not scientific medical help. It was urged only in its numerical growth, but also that the Christian, as well as the in the reality and vigor of its spirit- humanitarian aspect of this form of ual life, in the development of its organization and growth of its mis- sionary zeal, affords great cause for encouragement. It is the conviction of this conference that the stage has been reached when every effort should be made to make the Indian

Church in reality the most efficient opportunity for the development of leadership, but will also tend, from factor in the Christian propaganda the first, to emphasize the fact that tlJe Indian Church, and not the forin -this land. To this end, it is es- eign missionary organization, is the permanent factor in. the evangelizasential that the Church in western tion of India."

lands should continue to cooperate The report of the Committee on Survey alld Occupation also marked in the further development of the the arrival of a lIew day, a day of large vision, and of scientific methods Indian Church, that it may most ef- as well. It was agreed that a com- prehensive missionary· study of the fectively accomplish its providential entire country should be undertaken by a paid secretary and staff, in order mission in the regeneration of India. to discover the identity and extent of its occupation by missionary forces, While this conference be- and to make the unoccupied areas definitely known. It is more or less lieves that the Indian Church should vaguely realized that there are vast stretches of territory in India in continue to receive and absorb every which no missionary effort is being carried on. Readers of Dr. Samuel good influence which the Church of M. Zwemer's book, "The Unoccu- pied Mission Fields," will remember the West may impart to it, it also how he summons statistics to prove that even in this; the oldest and the believes that in respect of fotms and best occupied missionary field, there are great areas in Eastern Bengal, in organization, the Indian Church Central India, in Sindh, and espe- cially in the native states, such as should have entire freedom to develop Bundelkhand, Gwalior and Bhopal, which are deserving of that name. on such lines as will conduce to the The missionary army now encamped in India is attempting far-reaching most natural expression of the spirit- strategy in this contemplated survey of the whole country, with a view to ual instincts of Indian Christians. its occupation. Dr. Mott immediately guaranteed the securing of the $2,500 This conference rejoices to which is estimated as the cost of the first year's work, so, with the finding recognize widespread indications of of the investigator, the carryillg out of the plan is assured. the awakening of a true spirit of This united action is 111 itself sufsacrifice and service in the Indian ficient evidence of the spirit of co- Church, and especially the inspiration operation which characterized the sessions. But there was a report on which the growing Student Christian Movement is bringing to Christian students all over India, leading them to offer themselves for direct Chris- tian work. This conference regards it as of primary importance that every suitable effort should be made to present the highest ideals of sac- rifice and service to our Christian youth, so that the best type of con- secrated leadership may be secured for the Christian Church. . .

This •conference desires further to record the conviction that whenever capable and spiritually-minded men and women are discovered, churches and missions should make a real and unmistakable advance by placing I n- dians on a footing of complete equal- ity, in status and responsibility, with Europeans, and thus open for them the highest and the most responsible positions in every department of mis- sionMY activity. This con- ference is of opinion th;..t all posi- tions of responsibility made available for Indian Christians should be re- lated to church organizations rather than to those of foreign missionary societies. This will not only provide

cooperation, which seems to have tion of important interests." These been the central point of the whole councils are to be permanent bodies, conference. It was a statesmanlike and are to elect a national council, document, presented by the brilliant which it is hoped wiII adequately chairman of the committee, Bishop voice the missionary sentiment of the Lefroy, who began his missionary entire country, and will act as a concareer in India as a member of the necting link between the several pro- Cambridge Mission, in Delhi, who vincial councils and the Edinburgh has served for years as Bishop of Continuation Committee. The specific Lahore, and who has recently been functions of this national council appointed the Metropolitan of all have not been defined, and will, India, with his headquarters in Cal- doubtless, take some unexpected cutta. It dealt with the treatment forms as time goes on, but there is of questions which are likely to no doubt that there is a large field of cause friction between various mis- service before it in the unifying of sions, such as overlapping of work, activities which have hitherto been a uniform scale of payment for na- carried on independently, and in tive teachers and helpers, the exer- making cooperation not an abstract cise of discipline, and the reception ideal, but a reality. Meanwhile, the of members from other missions. The Indian Conference, like the great report dealt also with cooperation in gathering in Scotland, which is reits broader and more comprehensive sponsible for its existence, has a Conaspects, and outlined methods by tinuation Committee of its own. To which these may be achieved. It is this select body, to which both forin these plans for future united eigners and Indians belong, is enaction that the greatest significance trusted the completion of this great of the gathering may, perhaps, be scheme. found. The personal fellowship of the It is intended to organize repre- three days will prove to have been sentative missionary councils in the no small factor in bringing about areas from which the sectional con- such cooperation. The sessions of the -ferences just held were drawn, conference were held in the rooms namely, Madras Presidency, Bombay of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, but Presidency, Central Provinces and the delegates were all housed in one Central India, United Provinces, hotel. T'ime was found in "those Punjab and Rajputana, Northeast crowded hours of glorious life," as India and Burma. These councils the chairman himself called them, are to be made up of one repre- for an informal reception at Governsentative from each mission which ment House, where each one of the desires to participate, and one repre- delegates was presented by Dr. Mott sentative from each of such church to Lord Carmichael, Governor of organizations as shall be determined Bengal, and Lady Carmichael, ana upon by the provincial council, with where His Excellency exprest his certain additional representation from sympathy with the objects of the the larger missions, and some jointly conference. An informal meeting, elected members "for the representa- held one evening after dinner, with-

VS. ISLAM IN

out any prearrangement, is spoken of ence, and its broad program for the by several of the delegates as having future lay a further responsibility been one of the most memorable upon the home church. The army of events of the conference. Bishop missionaries which confronts the vast Whitehead, of Madras, spoke on the need of India needs not only to inquestion of church union, and some crease its power by cooperation, but of its present-day hindrances, and Dr. to be sustained by an adequate and Wilson, of Indore, who is called the intelligent support. The unifying and Apostle of Indian Federation, told consolidating work which has been of the progress that has already been accomplished and further planned for achieved, and the efforts that are should stimulate the church at home being made toward that end. In to do its part toward maintaining view of what seems to be a growing the courage and idealism of the demand on the part of many of the workers abroad. Those who have leaders of the Indian Christian com- hitherto been indifferent to the great munity for a comprehensive church missionary enterprise may well be organization adapted to the country, stirred to interest by the sight of an this discussion had especial signifi- united army, bent upon victory, and cance. organized to achieve it.

Some one has commented on the What the Continuation Committee note of triumphant thanksgiving and its chairman have accomplished which characterizes the findings of for missionary work in India has the conference. In this thanksgiving been largely repeated, along lines the church at home may well join. adapted to each country, in China, But the achievements of the confer- Korea and Japan.

CHRISTIANITY VS. ISLAM IN SUMATRA * A REVIEW BY ERNEST D. PIERSON, NEW YORK ~I N the Island of Suma- a book that may be said to mark an tra, where the ]'vIoslem epoch in the scientific study of mis- sions to the Moslems. His attitude , propaganda has suc- toward Islam is naturally uncompro- mising and aggressive, for he is firm ceeded in winning over in the belief that the faith of the Prophet of Mecca can never bridge 3,500,000 converts from the gulf between heathenism and Christianity; it is a hindrance, rather – the population of 4,- than a help. As Dr. Zwemer says. in his introductory note: 000,000, Christian mISSIOnaries have "Islam is not a schoolmaster to also been more successful than in lead the pagan races to Christ. The pagan who becomes a Moslem also any other field, in their efforts to win becomes a fanatic in his opposition the followers of Mohammed to the standard of Christ.

Gottfried Simon, who for I I years was a missionary on the Island of Sumatra, has published the results of his observation and experience in .. Review of a remarkable book recently published, entitled "The Progress and Arrest of Islam in Sumatra," by Gottfried Simon. l1arshall Bros., London, 1912.

to Christianity, and shows at once lems confronting Christian mISSIOnthe strength, and weakness of Islam over against the Gospel, when the aries in Sumatra, and yet in no other Christian missions begin their work. The author's attitude is one of strict mission field have evangelical misadherence to the vital truths of Christianity, which makes the impact of sions met with such success among these two religions necessarily a death struggle. He shows the ur- Moslems as in the Dutch East Ingency, and the possibilities, of winning over the pagan races in Ma- dies. laysia and Africa before the advent "This fact utterly disposes of the of Islam, but makes clear no less, that the struggle against Islam itself anxious fear that exists even in some is not hopeless, but if carried on in mission circles that Mohammedans the spirit of the Gospel, is sure to are lost to the Gospel. The Gospel bring results." has enough for all; even the soul of the heathen Mohammedan yields Wherever the seeds of Islam have at last, if it is brought in active contaken root among the primitive peo- tact with the Gospel. This fact should encourage and reassure us in ples, the difficulties of reaching them the face of Moslem peril. We need greater confidence. More with the Gospel are doubled. Ani- than is desirable, Islam is beginning mism, with its cult of spirit, is difficult to prescribe the line of march for the evangelical missions. Doubtless, to understand, but when blended with we must succor first the peoples in a new world of ideas from Islam, immediate danger, but missionary the result is even more incompre- work is also possible among those hensible to the Western mind. "Hea- who have already been overtaken. then Mohammedans," as Mr. Simon May this prevent our undue haste. calls them, "live in a constant state A people that has gone over to Isof mental perturbation; with his lam is not on that account lost to lips he emphatically renounces hea- the Gospel."

thenism, while inwardly his soul still The first division of Mr. Simon's dallies with heathen conceptions, monumental work deals with the ·cohopes, and fears. There is a continuous wavering between the new and operative factors and the religious the old in the mind of the distracted motives which have led so many Maman. This present life is pleasant, but it is to be despised because of laysia pagans to accept Islam. His the vision of the Hereafter. The historical survey of Islam in Malay- Moslemized -pagan's religious zeal blazons itself abroad, and he is con- sia, from its beginnings in Java, in sumed with outward acts of piety, but all the time he suffers from the the fourteenth century, down to the old languor of fatalism, which does present day, is an authoritative exnot satisfy the soul. All this rends planation of Islam's progress. When the soul asunder." Christian missions were established One need only attempt to grasp the mental outlook of the heathen in Malaysia, early in the second half Animist and the Moslem conception of the nineteenth century, the progof God to realize the difficult prob– ress of Islam was arrested, and at the opening of the twentieth century the marvelous, the unheard of, has happened. The enemy has made no appreciable advance in 50 years. What are the reasons for the suc- cess of the Mohammedan propaganda in Malaysia? The heathen dislikes novelty, and clings to the faith of his

VS. ISLAM IN SUMATRA

fathers. He likes to eat dogs, swine however, there is a prospect of his and monkeys, which are forbidden being received into the Mohammedan to Moslems. The heathen people world of the dead. Further, it is to also know the cruelty, cunning, and the advantage of young people of trickery of the Mohammedan, but a marriageable age to join Islam.

the Moslem teacher has his way of Non-Mohammedan young men have converting the heathen, making them difficulty in finding wives. Also, hea- think it a great privilege to be re- then girls show prefer~nce for Mo- ceived into the company of the faith- hammedans, as higher class youths.

ful. The Mohammedan suitor is accept- "The heathen is to be won, not by able to Mohammedan and heathen love, but by fear. He must be im- girls alike, whereas, the heathen prest. Uncivilized peoples are known young men can at best hope to marry to be attracted most by what im- heathen maidens. Thus, the young presses them. The ruthless person people have every encouragement to makes a strong impression, because join Islam." the heathen think that he would not make so bold without power to cor- A large part of Mr. Simon's book respond at his command. So the is devoted to describing and discus- Mohammedan does not care if the sing the factors that have aided Islam iJumediate effect of his behavior tow- in its triumphant progress across the ard the heathen is repellent. In the world. Islam, says the author, lacks long run the desire will be kindled even the good will to exercise a in the heathen one day to be able to moral influence on the heathen, and behave in like manner; in other does not combat their vices. Heathen words, himself to become a Moham- chiefs have become Mohammedans for material advantages, and to medan. Thus Islam does accomplisa strengthen their influence. If nothing else avails, they use force to perits end. Fire and sword ,are spent! Therefore, as ruthless an attitude toward believers as possible to inspire them with respect."

The difference between this and suade their followers that Islam is Christian methods is obvious, and best for their interests. There is no young native Christians have fre- question of a change of convictions. quently advised missionaries to adopt Islam does not maintain any mis- an arrogant and superior manner, like sionaries, as we understand the word, the Moslems, as the best means of in the Dutch East Indies. Traders winning the heathen. go out to seek first their own advan- The Mohammedan tries in every tage, and such conversiolJs as they way to make the native's life so in- bring about are a side issue, but are tolerable that he must perforce pro- helpful to their material interests.

fess Islam to enjoy any privileges or "There is a warmer welcome for freedom of action. The heathen can them from fellow believers, and also not be properly buried unless he be- protection. Converts are not so apt comes a Mohammedan, for he be- to complain of high prices. A debtor lieves that without any funeral rites who has been behind hand can even the dead man may be driven to cease- be threatened, in the last resort, with less wandering over the world. punishment in the hereafter. A "Buried with Mohammedan rites, couple of lusty curses from the Ko-

ran will overawe the newly converted wished to attend a Christian school, Mohammedan. The recent convert 'If yon attend that school you will has boundless respect, too, for the be hewn in half, from your head to man who has kissed the sacred black your feet, when you die. The onestone at Mecca." half which knows how to recite the Koran, will go to heaven. The other Tho the Mohammedans secretly half, which has gone to school, will despise the heathen, it is considered a go to helL'" work of merit to convert them. Thus, the Arabs, always greedy for gold, An oath was sacred to the Anioften give the chiefs money to win mist, for he feared God's curse on over their people to Islam. No at- himself and his posterity. Islam tempt, however, is made to stop hea- holds that a lie to an unbeliever is then practises after "conversion," ex- excusable, bu t an oilth on the Koran cept that certain laws concerning can be made invalid by placing somefood are insisted upon. "Converts" thing, say a pig's bristle, between are asked to wear Mohammedan the book and the head of the person dress, but they are not at first bound taking the oath. (The Koran is alby any very hard rules. Such super- ways placed on the head while taking ficial conversion of the heathen to an oath.) Islam can not involve an inner change of heart, such as will grip the In social and family life Islam has whole people. a degrading and malign influence. As polygamy receives divine sanction, Much has been written favorably there can be no enduring family ties. concerning Islam's prohibition of al- Prostitution flourishes in the East cohol among the negroes. In recent Indies, and the Mohammedans are years, since the natives began to imi- involved in it not only as frequenters, tate the European customs, and pass but as keepers of brothels. Married around spirits on festive occasions, life in Javanese villages is little more alcohol is gaining a strong hold in than disguised prostitution, and Java. "And we are bound to say during the pre-Islamic period, the that it is the Mohammedans, and women of Java enjoyed a much betespecially traders on the coast, and ter reputation than they do to-day. government officials in the interior, Now they enjoy scarcely any rights, who have led the way in the use of are merely the husband's chattels; spirits." hence manifold degradation, repudia- tion, and prevalence of divorce. Gambling, tho forbidden, is very general in Java and Sumatra. The "Islam completely ignores its most Arabs carryon an active trade in important educative duty, namely, opium, and smoking it, tho forbidden that of purifying family life among by orthodox law, is quite prevalent. the uncivilized peoples. The rela- Untruthfulness, the fundamental evil tively close bond of marriage is of heathenism, is actually fostered by loosened, and polygamy is encour- Islam. aged. The brutal egoism of the hus- band it does not combat. Islam has "What lies are spread among the not hallowed family life, nor given heathen about Christianity by Mo- woman her freedom." hammedan agitators! One teacher told the Mohammedan children who

VS. ISLAM IN SUMATRA

Conversions to Christianity knows, however, the European's pur- pose in praising Islam, and so, when To "The Conversion of the Mo- it suits him, he says flattering things hammedan to Christianity," the au- about Christianity. In any case, the thor devotes some interesting chap- native is confirmed in the belief that ters, in which he examines the per- Christians have no religion, just as sonal difficulties in the way of the the Moslem teachers tell them." The acceptance of the Gospel. The Mos- Moslem considers the Christian unlem does not want to become a Christian, and the heathen's attitude at clean, for he eats forbidden food and first is much the same. Mohamme- drinks alcohol. He knows nothing dans, in their discussions, endeavor to of ceremonial ablutions; the very class Christians with unbelievers, and contact with a Christian, therefore, even those who have recently gone is defilement. over to Islam are determined in their opposition to Christianity. In Borneo, "That the Christian religion is out Mohammedans frequently call Chris- of date is deduced by the Mohamtian missionaries "angels of death" medans from the encomiums passed and "spirits of Satan." Many draw on Islam by Europeans. This is the conclusion from what they ex- often done with the best intentions, perience at the hands of certain out of a feeling that the native must Europeans, that Christians are actu- not be offended. But the native ally as godless as their Moslem always pricks up his ears when he teachers would have them believe. hears a word of commendation of Islam from the lips of a European. "Heathenism has much more the If the Christian himself says what appearance of a religion than Chris- the Mohammedan is always asserting, tianity. The latter has no external then, surely, it must be true." ordinances for every-day life, such as laws about food and fasting. In Islam's unfavorable position poheathenism there are prayers and sac- litically has not affected its widerifices, and a multitude of rules for spread belief in the ultimate triumph daily observance. Superstition, and its decrees indicate a much more re- of the Mohammedans over Chrisligious life according to Mohamme- tians. Even when compelled to dan ideas." It is unfortunate, says humble itself in the dust before some Mr. Simon, that many Europeans European power, Islam has always make no attempt to conceal their ir- been able to make the heathen peoples religion from the Moslems. "Some, with a smattering of modern mate- believe that it is invincible. Because rialism, will tell the native that there the Mohammedans, on the whole, is no God, that man was developed have become indifferent to religion, from' the brute beast, etc. Still others their conscience killed by the docthink that they will win the natives' confidence by forswearing Christian- trine of salvation by works, and faity and praising Islam. Men with- talism and truthfulness obliterated out any religion are, however, re- from their natures through the conpugnant to the Mohammedan. He stant deception of teachers, it must not be thought that this indifference makes them receptive of Christianity.

"The very earnestness of Christian preaching avails nothing- with the fathomless frivolity of the Moham- medan nature. They mock at the mis- sionary who attempts to awaken their

conscience, not only because of the parently trivial change of attitude is slackness of the national character, but because the Moslem spirit, while full of possibilities. delighting in idle speculations, shuns any appeal to conscience." "To my mind, it accounts for most of the conversions we have witnessed Great as the obstacles are in the in the past few years. In so far, namely, as Christianity has lost the'

path of Christian advance, Dr. Simon odium of not being a religion, the notes many encouraging signs that aversion of the Mohammedan for should enhearten those who are the Gospel has, to a large extent, working against great odds for the vanished. Arabs in Java have been triumph of God's kingdom. known to say: 'The missionary is no kafir. He is our friend. His medi- "The result of our mission to the cines and his prayers are potent for Mohammedans of Angkola, in Su- our sick.' A father whose son bematra, for instance, is not adequately comes a Christian in our schools, no represented by the mere number of longer curses him for his change of more than 7,000 baptized Christians faith, because Christianity is now and 1,000 catechumens. What is far recognized as a religion. People are, more important is the degree to therefore, no longer afraid to send which wide circles of Mohammedan their children to a Christian school."

population are wavering in their faith Mr. Simon reports that in the East to their own religion." Indies, year by year, Christians The mission schools being open to are gaining more and more the con- all, show the Mohammedan that his fidence of Mohammedans, and over- prejudices are unfounded; the chil- coming their antipathy. This is dren return home more obedient and shown in the friendly relations be- intelligent, and often are the means tween individual missionaries and of bringing their parents to accept Mohammedans, and in the latter's Christ. Islam, therefore, does all it contributions- in money and labor to can to counteract the influence of church buildings, schools, and even the mission school. missionaries' houses. Mohammedans Christian fellowship has also proved who are brought in intimate coritact an attraction to a people which has with believing Christians are willing always been communistic. "A spirit to acknowledge that they are true of peace rests upon our congrega- servants of God.

tions. The Moslem sees this. He The peaceful influences of Chris- knows the distraught condition of tian communities in the East Indies the Mohammedan community better have been recognized by the Dutch than we do, for we have the church authorities, who for years were afraid of the Apostolic age as our ideal. the Gospel might arouse Mohanime- The sharp contrast between that and dan fanaticism. "That short-sighted Islam binds believers together in a fear is being more and more replaced way that amazes the Mohammedan. by the very opposite opinion that, Contact with living Christianity, for purely political reasons, no ob- Christian love and evangelical faith, stacle should be put in the pathway have softened the Moslems' hard of the missions."

judgment of "unbelievers" in Su- According to the best estimates ob- matra. Christianity is recognized there tainable, there are over 35,000 Chris- by them as a real religion. This ap- tian converts from Mohammedanism

VS. ISLAM iN SUMATRA

in the Dutch East Indies. This is, in- mental character that any short re- deed, a remarkable showing. view of it mnst, of necessity, be in- "Christianity requires the com- adequate.

plete demolition of the old house; The author is optimistic, but he it does not wish to give anew, more appreciates the many obstacles in the elaborately decorated fa<;ade. All way of the Christian progress, and must become new. There must be a does not attempt to minimize the new birth, there must be a new man. strength and Cl111ning of the Moslem This is our gigantic task. This is opposition. There is mnch in his the work of the Spirit of God." book, however, that will cheer and The Mohammedan can not go over encourage those doubting hearts that to Christianity by degrees. To be- are to be found even in the Christian come a follower of Christ, he must camp, and arouse them to strQnger break completely with old beliefs and efforts and inspire them with greater principles, and throw aside the Mos- zeal. In these pages the pagan and lem conception Elf God. "In the na- Mohammedan character has been tive Christian community the Mo- studied and analyzed by a patient hammedans see the proof of the fact and scholarly observer, and so thor- that God's Spirit is creating a new oughly as to leave no possible detail creation. The native Christian com- in doubt. All who are laboring for munity is not to be compared with the Master, whether among pagans the heathen Mohammedan commu- and Moslems, or, indeed, in any mis- nity. No childlike faith is found sion field, are under obligation to Mr.

there, only fatalism. The Christian Simon for this masterly study of knows he is safe in God's fatherly nature, peoples and Moslems, and care. This completely transforms his for his description of the helps and attitude of mind, because ~ssured hindrances to Christian progress in protection means certain obligations. the Dutch East Indies. The author Fatalism makes a man lazy; God is is more than hopeful of the ultimate an incentive to action. Trust makes triumph of the Gospel over Islam, for freedom, but at the same time it but "we must so preach Christ to binds a man to that which has won the Moslem world that it shall rec- him his freedom. And the Moham- ognize that we have in Him what medan Christian grasps this differ- they, as Mohammedans, are seeking ence. Paul, one of Ollr converts in apart from Him. They are seeking Java from Islam, used in his Mo- forgiveness of sins. We have it in hammedan days to go about a dis- virtue of His death. They are seek- trict infested with tigers quite un- ing mediators; in the risen and lov- armed, because he was a convinced ing Christ we have the true Mediator.

fatalist. When he became a Chris- Our real and complete surrender of tian he was very prudent, because ourselves to the service of the Mos- he said it was not right for a son, lem world, in the strength of the even when living under his Father's self-surrender of Jesus, can alone protection, to be careless and fool- conquer this proud religion. For only ish." so will the all-conquering plenitude "The Progress and Arrest of Islam of the power of Jesus Christ unfold in Sumatra" is a work of such monu- itself to us." BY MRS. LANDON R. MASON, RICHMOND, VA.

ARCUS had been re- slowly-developing symptoms were only a false alarm, and when told i 1M rJ moved from his leper that all was settled, he slipt away ~ mother and had been to Mr. Bailey, who was visiting the placed in an asylum asylums, and burst out into an agony for untainted children, of tears, crying: "Oh, sahib, I do ~ to save him from con- not want to go into the leper asytracting the disease. Of the many lum." Every consolation that the little ones in the institution, he alone, missionaries could devise was ofafter a time, showed symptoms of fered to Marcus-a little garden and the malady. a rabbit of his own, as he was espe- cially fond of rabbits and flowers- Miss Budden, the missionary in but he went back to the lepers, weepcharge, began to suspect the develop- ing bitterly. Poor, little, despairing, ment of leprosy, but its approaches broken-hearted boy! Only God knows are so insidious that Marcus himself all the grief that was in the aching did not realize the signs of its pres- little heart that first day of his beence until one day, when, happen- coming an acknowledged leper. ing to touch a hot stove, he burned long blisters upon his fingers without Some years have passed, and now feeling any pain whatever. This lack Marcus is working as a teacher of sensation in his hands was a final among his fellow-sufferers at Amproof of leprosy. He was gently and bala. He is an honest, good fellow, kindly examined and questioned, but the right-hand man of the missionwith great hesitation and reluctance ary in charge of the asylum. The misgave answers which might prove to sionary writes: "Of all the lepers at others what he was struggling against Ambala, Marcus is the only one alacknowledging even to himself. No lowed to come to my own house, but wonder, poor child! He well knew for him I always have open doors. that leprosy meant his removal from I am especially sorry for him, as he his happy home, among healthy, un- feels the isolation of the asylum and tainted children, to a neighboring the foulness of the disease." Poor asylum, where he would be sur- fellow! Yet, how patiently he bears rounded by distorted men in every his awful cross. He is a fine, tall stage of horrible decay, as a reminder young fellow, with a sad, thoughtful of his coming dreadful fate. face, as yet untouched by his dread destroyer. Marcus was sent to the leper asylum, but for some time was not Work on, Marcus, in your asylum. treated as one of the regular inmates. Work on, also, poor leper, to awaken He was allowed to live apart from in others across the sea a desire to the others, and his food was sent to help your unfortunate brothers and him from the untainted children's sisters. Thus you will go about, home. This could not continue in- through friends and sympathizers, definitely, however, and after a time doing good in the great world, from he was told that he must take his which your blighted body is forever place with the other regular inmates. shut out. He had striven to hope that the

EDITORIALS

CONCLUSIVE REASONS FOR sincere, open-minded but indifferent objector. Of course, if a man has MISSIONS no loyalty to Christ, he will have no interest in the extension of His King- T HERE are five arguments or dom, and little in the Salvation of reasons why churches and indivi– men.

duals should consider it a duty and a THE HEART OF THE PROBLEM privilege to give of time, strength, W HAT is the real heart of the missionary problem? Is it a money, prayer, yea one's whole self, problem of men? Or one of money? Or of method? Or of prayer? It to promote the cause of Christian includes each of these phases, but it is deeper than any or all of them. missions. These five reasons are as If we press past all secondary COll- siderations right home to the real good as 500, and if the five do not heart of the missionary problem, we convince a skeptic, 500 would not. shall find that it is a problem of love -personal love for the Lmd Jesus There are only two real reasons why Christ. Why? Because the very soul of missions is sacrifice, and men and women neglect or oppose nothing less and nothing else than Divine love can call forth the sacrihome and foreign missions-such men fice that is needed.

and women are either densely igno- The spirit of missions is the spirit of Jesus Christ, and the spirit of rant, or they are spiritually dead. Jesus Christ was essentially a spirit of supreme self-sacrifice. Those The five reasons that are sufficient words, "He saved others, Himself He can not save," flung derisively at for any Christian of sound mind and Jesus as He hung upon the Cross, were, nevertheless, the expression of heart might well be developed into a a profoun-d truth. Had the Lamb of God, in retaliation to that mocking sermon or an address. We give only crv, come down from the Cross, our salvation would not have been an the main points: accomplished fact. He has savee! us, but it cost Him His own life-blood 1. The Need of the World. Men, to do it women, children, suffer from slavery, Listen to our Lord's own words, "Except a corn of wheat fall into vice, war, cannibalism, helplessness, the g-round and die, it abideth alone, but if it die it bringeth forth much spiritual famine and death. fruit He that saveth his life shall lose it; he that loseth his life the 2. The Christian's Debt. Our an- same shall find it." Such is the law of the kingdom of God. Such is the cestry. The fruits of Christianity at law of missionary life and labor. When we quote the expression, "The home. Personal debt to Christ for blood of the martyrs is the seed of the chmch," let us realize that it is life, liberty, knowledge, opportunity. no mere sentiment, but an actual fact. We praise God for the mis- Compare the world now and before sionary graves as well as the mission- Christ's coming. Compare Christian and non-Christian peoples and lands.

Compare your condition with and without Christ.

3. The achievements of Christian Missions. Not fruitless. Wonderful transformations. Uganda, Telugus, Karens, China, Korea, Fiji. Individ- uals like Ramabai, Neesima, Pastor Hsi, Khama, etc.

4. The Reflex Influence of Mis- sions at Home. Experience of in- dividuals and churches. L"1ymen and women and young people. Missioll and anti-mission Baptists.

5. The Command and Promise of Christ. The Supreme and all suf- ficient argument. No blessing with- out obedience. All-power accompanies perfect obedience. The promise of Christ's presence fulfillfd on condition that we "go teach."

Try this line of argument on any

ary stations, knowing that each of only begotten Son, and He will finish it in no less worthy a spirit or costly those precious lives laid down has means.-R. H. GLOVER.

contributed to the hastening of the WHAT MISSIONS DO FOR A CHURCH Kingdom of Christ. REV. W. Y. FULLERTON, the . ~ble secretary of the Baptist There is need to-day to reempha- MISSIOnary Society, of England, has size this principle of sacrifice in lately pointed out some important s~r,:ices which the missionary somissions as one that is fundamental cIetIes may render to the Church at home, in addition to what may be essential, vital. ' called their own definite work. It is theirs, We live in an age in which self- (I) To recall the Church to the sacrifice is by no means popular. conception of its proper mission in the world, which is not to make it- The aim and effort are to eliminate self great or rich, but to squander itself in efforts for the lost. sacrifice and to indulge ease and (2) To preach in season and out selfish comfort. This tendency is of season the essential oneness of man and the supremacy of God. creeping into Christian churches and (3) To sound a call to the ~omes, ~~ individuals, and produc- strengthening of belief in the power of the Gospel of Jesus Christ. mg a spInt of complacency instead (4) To keep the Church fronting of concern with regard to missions. the impossible; and, There are few churches or Chris- (5) To call the Church into living union with Christ. tian.s that would not be agreeable to Mr. Fullerton's wOl'ds are worthy havmg the heathen evangelized if a of note: mere resolution would suffice. If we The missionary soul can never doubt the grace of Christ. Always are not seriously disturbed or incon- somewhere He is working miracles' an.d, while ?-t home people reject venienced, and can only v,: ear as HIS Gospel, m other lands, disciples are dying for it. We have a great good clothes, live in as comfortable apologetic. The thing is true, for it works, is working, and will alhomes, and spend as much for pleas- w~ys work when it is properly ap- plIed. Who shall proclaim that, if ure or fashion; if churches can still not we? The missionary propa- ganda should mean the revival of be as lu.xuriously furnished, and as faith at home. When Fuller urged hi~ people to send the Gospel to the well equIpped with musical talent; if Hmdus, and tolc! them what it could do, the thought took root in their e:,ery small town and many a mere hearts: "If it can do this for them it can do it for us;" and Fulle; VIllage can have its own peculiar found t~at without trying to do it, he h.ad achIeved .the thing his soul paschurches for each sect and if the sIOnately deSIred-the renewing of the .life of his own people. pittance that is over, both of men This blessing will come back to and of money, will suffice to break the Church in the measure in which she spends herself in missionary efthe Bread of Life to a thousand mil- lions for w~0l!1 nothing is prepared, then the mIssIOnary project will re- ceive a unanimous vote of approval.

In a word, if we could save the heathen without any real sacrifice, we would. But the hard fact which we have to face is that we can not.

This is clearly demonstrated by the ac!ual facts of the missionary enter- pnse to-day, and it is equally plain for the. reason that the plan of pro- cedure IS contrary to the Divine law of missions-the law of sacrifice.

"He saved others, Himself He can not save." No more can we. God never intended we should. It would be to .leave out of the missionary enterpnse that which is its very es- sence and glory. God laid the foun- ~atio? of t~is work of world redemp- tIon m sacnfice when it cost Him His fort, either around her own doors or tion, etc., ?r about eight per cent. of far hence among the heathen. the total mcome.

THE COST OF MISSIONARY Some mission boards have a better record financially, but they may not ADMINISTRATION make as good a showing in spiritual results. Few insurance companies A TRUE sense of stewardship is can equal the missions in economy one of the first requisites for and efficiency. It is stated that the missionary administration. We doubt false report is the outcome of a perif there are anywhere in the world sonal grievance, so that it is not a set of men who study more con- only due to ignorance, but is mascientiously and carefully the prin- licious. ciples and practise of stewardship than those who control the finances As a rule, the larger denominaof our great missionary boards and tional boards are more economically societies. Many business corpora- and efficiently managed than the tions could take lessons from them small independent societies. This is in the administration of funds, and natural, since all receipts over a local churches are, as a rule, much certain necessary sum for adminismore careless stewards-if they have tration can go direct to the mission large sums of money. fields. Some of our ablest and most conscientious business men make up Notwithstanding the fact that the these mission boards, and they freely statement has been refuted times devote many hours to the considerawithout number that "it takes a dol- tion of the administration of their lar to send a dollar to the mission trust funds. field," we find this untruth again appearing in a charge against one The case of the China Inland Misof our large horrie mission boards. sion is inspiring, and we doubt if Under the heading "Missionary there are many societies that will be Leakage," daily papers have been able to render such an accounting as printing the statement that "it takes that shown in the report of income 61 per cent. of the money contributed and expenditures during the past 15 to the – – – Home Mis::ion Society years. to administer its funds." This falsehood will probably never be over- Of the total sum received, more taken, but the friends of missions than one-third was for special obshould inform themselns of the facts jects, and only two-thirds for the and contradict the false statement general mission work. For 1897, the whenever possible. total income was $187,000. For the following year $225,000 followed in What are the facts? The Board succession by sums varying between of Home Missions referred to re- $182,000 and $255,000 annually. ceived last vear from all sources, $1,491,182.85; of which they expended With this sum-an average of for various purposes $10445,656.97. about $200,000 a year, the China The expenses of administration (for Inland Mission supports 1,000 forevangelization), were $51,649.32, or eign missionaries in China with 1,200 about three and one-half per cent. native helpers, and they are doing To this might be added the cost of an aggressive work not surpassed by communicating information, $18,965.- any Christian agency in the world 98, and the denominations execu- to-day. This is a remarkable showtive commission budget, $3,666.67. ing when we consider that another If we include all this and other missionary board spends $455,046.93 similar charges for administrating the to support 316 foreign missionaries school work and the woman's missionary board, we have a total of $116,- in China and 653 native workers. 930.05 for administration, informa~ The denominational board workers baptized 1,728 new members in 1910- 19II, and the China Inland Mission 2,837 during the same year. A JOINT CAMPAIGN FOR HOME AND This means that the Christian lead- ers of North America are agreeing FOREIGN MISSIONS on a plan of cooperation between all Evangelical churches with a view of T HE Spirit of Missionary Union is winning not only America but the increasing. The line between de- world for Jesus Christ Our Lord. nominations is growing less pronounc- This cooperation should increase ed and now th:: distinction between efficiency, economy, the power of "Home and Foreign" is disappearing. Christian testimon,y, the volume of Soon Christians will be speaking in united prayer and the spirit of loving terms of the world and the Church fellowship. rather than in the provincial dialect of nation and denomination. A SCRIPTURAL MISSIONARY A joint meeting of rEpresentatives o PRAYER* of the Conference of Foreign Missions THOU LIGHT to lighten the Boards of North America and of the Gentiles, and the Glory of Thy Home Missions Council of the United people Israel, (2) Thou hast made of States, was held on March I9th to one blood all nations for to dwell on consider the desirability of a united all the face of the earth; (3) Many national campaign for introducing ade- shall come from the East and from quate world-wide methods of mission- the West and sit down with Abraham ary education and finance into the in the Kingdom of Heaven. (4) churches of North America. Other sheep Thou hast, which are not of this fold, them also Thou must Th:: conference came to the unani- bring and they shall hear Thy voice, mous conclusion that the time has ar- and they shall become one flock, one rived for a United Missionary Cam- Shepherd. (5 ) We that are afar off paign and a Central Committee was are made nigh in the blood of Christ, created with power to add to its num- Who made both one, and broke down ber. Bishop Arthur S. Lloyd, of the the middle wall of partition, that they Protestant Episcopal Church, was also should be fellow-heirs and of the made Chairman of this Committee; same body, and partakers of this Dr. Hubert C. Herring, of the Con- promise in Christ. (6) So that there gregational Home Missionary Society, cannot be Greek and Jew, Barbarian, Vice-Chairman; Mr. Ebm E. Olcott, Scythian, bondman and freeman, but Treasurer and Mr. William B. Millar, Christ all and in all. (7 ) Worthy art Recording Secretary. Thou, for Thou wast slain and hast redeemed us to God by Thy blood out The Executive Committee of the of every kindrEd and tongue and Laymen's Missionary Movement was people and nation, and hast made us requested to take general charge of unto our God kings and priests; (8) the organization and direction of the till we all come in the unity of the interdenominational convention and Faith and of the Knowledge of God,- conference features of the united cam- one Lord, one Faith, one Baptism, one paign. The Missionary Education God and Father of all, Who is above Movement was asked to plan the edu- all and through all and in all; (9) cational features of the campaign. unto Him be the Glory in the Church by Christ Jesus our Lord throughout The necessary funds for the ex- all ages, world without end. ( IO) penses of the campaign are to be se- Amen and Amen.-Men and Miscured by voluntary subscriptions and stons. existing agencies are to be used as far as possible so as to avoid a large cen- *(1) Luke 2:32. (2) Acts 17:26. (3) Matt. 8:11. tral budget for salarIes of executive (4) John 10:16. (5) Eph. 2:13 & 3:6. (6) Col. officers. A nation-wide simulta- 3:11. (7) Rev. 5:9. (8) Eh. 4:13 & 4:5·6. (9) neous campaign is to be conducted in March of next year, preceded by a Eph. 3 :21. series of interdenominational conven- tions throughout th:: United States and Canada.

WORLD-WIDE

MISSIONARY NEWS INDIA AND MALAYSIA Besides continuing their own edu- cation, the students are taught how John R. Molt in Singapore to teach in a very modern and thor- ough way. A hundred little day- ATHREE days' conference was held scholars form a practising school. at Singapore during the last week Two teachers have charge of each of January. Among others present group of children-a regular qualiat the conference were the Church fied teacher, and a young student who of England Bishop of Singapore, the is undergoing her training. The whole Bishop of Sarawak and Labuan, the spirit and tone of the college is ex- Methodist Bishop, and 6 other dele- cellent, and the girls quickly respond gates from the Church of England, to the careful training. Bishop ]. E. Robinson and 19 delegates from the .Methodist Episcopal Many promising girls are unable to Mission, 2 from the English Presby- enter, as they can not pay for their terian Mission, 2 from the Plymouth training. A few more scholarships Brethren Mission, 2 from the Rhenish would keep the college full, and make Mission, 2 from C. E. Z. M. S., 1 it possible to turn out more trained from the Netherland Bible Society, teachers each year to meet the needs 2 from the Y. M. C. A., 2 from of our schools.-L. M. S. Chronicle. the Salatica Mission, 2 from the British and Foreign Bible Society, Celebrating an Anniversary and I from the Netherland Missionary Association, stationed in the FEBRUARY IIth was celebrated Straits, F. M. S., Celebes, Java, in the American Mission Church, Sarawak, Batavia, and other islands. Among these were four Chinese and Byculla, the 100th anniversary of one Tamil (Rev. S. Abraham). the landing of the first American missionaries in Western India. The As a result of this conference, in meeting was preliminary to the main future uniformity will prevail among centenary celebration to be held next the different denominations of Ma- November. Rev. R. A. Hume, D.D., laysia in the scale of salaries for of Ahmednagar, presided. Rev. Henry Asiatic preachers, in their transfer Fairbank conducted the ceremony of from one mission to another, and in the naming of the building, which the admission of members from one will henceforth be known as the church to another. Hume Memorial Church, in memory of Rev. Edward S. Hume, through Union Training of Hindu Girl. whose efforts the church was built. Rev. Tukaram Nathoji, formerly pas- AN encouraging example of union tor, spoke of the growth of the mis- in missionary work is the United sion in Bombay; Rev. Dr. Abbott Missionary Training College, Calcutta, told of the prominent workers of the where the London Missionary Society church in Bombay; and Mr. A. H. and the Baptist Zenana Mission are S. Aston, speaking in English, traced training Christian girls as teachers most interestingly the visible course for our elementary girls' schools. of Christianity in the city, what it This new venture promises great did-or in the former years, failed things. The college is a long, two- to do-what it has done, and what storied building, standing in a fairly it may do in the coming century. The large garden. On the ground-floor collection, taken for tne Centenary are the class-rooms, library, dinillg- Fund, amounted to Rs. 148, with room, common room ~nd chapel; up- pledges for about Rs. 250 more. stairs are the dormitories, teachers' rooms, and isolation ward.

Heathen Deaconesses in India management. The number of lepers T HE work of the missionaries in ;n the asylum is 321, ten months after India has laid bare the numerous :he act was applied.

evils of the caste system and forced The Act has also been applied to even the Hindus to think of remedies ,he city of Poona and its neighbor- for the most glaring of them. In most hood. A leper asylum has been erect- of their efforts they directly imitate ed at Khondhwa Budruk by the gov- Christian work, thus proving its ne- ernment on behalf of the Mission to cessity and usefulness and also, per- ,Lepers in India and the East, which haps, its influence in favor of Chris- already contains 50 lepers. Property tianity which they dread. 'at Belgaum known as "Rehoboth" has Thus efforts in behalf of the uplift ;, been bought by the Government for of Hindu women have been the establishment of a leper asylum made by their coreligionists and under the care of the Independent Christian methods have been care- Mission, and the question of extend- fully copied. The Ramkrishna ing the Act to the local limit of numer- Mission in Calcutta has been 111 ous municipalities is under considera- existence for some time, and it tion. The fate of a leper in India is has aided the Hindu women generally pitiable. He is turned out of caste, to a good extent. It was founded by and to the loss of all property are high-caste Hindu women who had added great indignities in the case of traveled in Christian lands and had the rich sufferer. In early days the thus imbibed Christian ideas. Now lepers were buried alive in the super- the well-known Hindu Reformer, Ber- stitious belief that it insured against hanshi Malabari, is urging the found- the spreading of the disease to other ing of a Hindu Deaconess Home (Sera members of the family, and the three Sadana, House of Service), where barbarous acts forbidden at once Hindu girls and women shall be when, in 1846, the Punjab was taken trained for work among the poor. It over by the British, were the burning will be opened in Poona and branch of widows, the killing of new born institutions shall be started in other daughters, and the burying alive of cities speedily. It is rather curious, lepers. While no lepers are now being however, that this strong Hindu in- buried alive, their lot is still one of sists that the home must be superin- unmitigated misery, especially since tended, at least in the beginning, by a his creed teaches him that his affliction European Christian woman. is a curse from his gods. Thus the A rich and benevolent Hindu has at enforcement of the Lepers' Act and once offered a donation of $100,000 the compUlsory segregation of pauper for the founding of such a Hindu lepers in Christian asylums is a bless- Deaconess Home, and we may thus ing to the lepers themselves, who find soon see heathen deaconesses at work there not only shelter, but Christian among the low caste Hindus. sympathy and love, and taste spiritual Compulsory Segregation of Lepers in joy and eternal hope. India The census of r881 reported 13 1,- T 618 lepers in India, that of 1901, 97,- HE Government of Bombay has 340 , and the gratifying decrease has recently adopted measures for the compulsory segregation and confine- continued steadily. There were segrement of lepers under the authority of gated in mission asylums 1,998 lepers the Lepers' Act III. of 18gB. In the in 1887, and 6,835 in 1910. The Mis- town of Bombay the Acworth Leper sion to Lepers in India and the East, Asylum at Matunga has been desig- founded in r874, supported II asy- nated as the place to which pauper lums, containing 500 lepers, in India lepers not in proper custody and care, in 1894. In 1911, the asylums num- are to be compulsorily removed and a bered 42 and the lepers 3,788, while Board has been constituted for its the 21 homes for the untainted child-

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ren of leprous parents contained about number of adherents. The Bible So- 500 boys amI girls. ciety has a block of buildings at Muk- den, branches in Newchwang and CHINA Changchun, and 12 sub-depots, to- Preaching Christ in the Temple of gether with a staff of 40 colporteurs, not to speak of voluntary and sub- Heaven sidized workers.

ASTONISHING transformation China's Fierce War on Opium has taken place in the attitude of the authorities at Peking as to the T HE Chinese Students' Monthly nse of temples and temple grounds, gives a translation of the terand particularly with reference to rifically drastic law recently enacted the Temple of Heaven. To this temple the emperor formerly came in China, aiming to suppress the thrice yearly to pray for the people, for rain, for good harvests, etc. Re- use of opium completely. This law cently the government has allowed the people to use the temple grounds actually makes it a capital offense to for a series of fair, and permission was also given the missionary so- smoke, sell, grow, or transport the cieties to hold Christian services here in connection with the fairs. Preach- drug. The magazine holds that there ing is done from a platform erected is not the least likelihood that the within the inner shrine, and streamers hang at the back, giving in Chi- law will be allowed to serve as a nese characters the names of the various speakers and the days on which dead letter. Indeed, it has already they are to speak. One banner gives the words of familiar hymns. The been enforced by the execution of exercises are conducted under the direction of the five missionary so- two opium criminals at Changsha. cieties at work in the city-four American and the London Mission- The statute in English translation is ary Society-but the speakers are all Chinese. as follows: , All the Chinese Christian ministers "All opium criminals of the first in Peking shared in these services, at one of which was read St. Paul's degree will be shot until they are sermon on Mars' Hill to the men of dead. A person or persons who shall Athens. None but those who have realized Chinese exclusiveness in the be convicted of any of the following past can fully understand how much this permission means. offenses will be punished as an opium The Growth of a Quarter Century criminal in the first degree: "1. A person who shall actually A MISSIONARY in Manchuria writes that 26 years ago there smoke the opium drug. were but 6 missionaries in the prov- Ince and only 350 Christians, and "2. A person who shall actually most of them in and about Mukden. smoke the opium drug, and secretly But now there are well-organized sell the same. mission stations, with splendid hospitals, in nearly every Manchurian "3. A person, planting the poppy, city; also some 500 outstations, 520 native pastors, evangelists, trained who shall create any disturbance with teachers and Bible women, and 20,- force and arms, when government of- 000 church members, with a large ficers are on duty to enforce the opium extirpation law.

"4. When three persons, or more, shall form a combination to smuggle or transport the prohibited drug, and who shall create any disturbance with force and arms, when these persons are put under arrest or detained by authorized officers, or by gentries of the locality where the illegal trade is found."-The Continent.

The Chinese Government and Opium I Na telegram from Peking, the correspondent of the London Daily Mail shows that he is absolutely con- vinced of the good faith of the Oli- nese Government in its agreement

for the suppression of the opium tions, will make up the remaining traffic, and of the rigorous nature of $600. Only members of the Girls' the campaign which it is prosecuting Club are to be allowed to contribute with this end in view. Some of his to the fund, and the money must be words should be specially noted by earned through personal effort. all who have any doubt on the subject : A China's Greatest Need RECENT writer in the Church "All opium smokers were disfran- Missionary Review gives a long chised during the recent elections. list of problems which confront Not a single member of the Chinese 01ina to-day. Clean collection of Parliament has been appointed who the taxes, popular education, a new has not declared his hostility to this judicial system, independence of forobnoxious traffic. Every section of eign control in the customs system, the government is declared anti- currency reform, and development of opium in policy, as well as every the country's natural resources, espepolitical party and every responsible cially her mineral wealth, are all official of the central government and ends to be achieved as soon as posin the provinces. The degrading traf- sible. The enumeration is not inspir- ing. A Chinese statesman, in an fic is doomed. Nothing can prevent interview with an American traveler, reported in the Observer, saw deeper its extinction." into his country's needs. When asked Dr. Arthur J. Brown was right what he considered China's greatest need to-day, he replied, unhesitatingin saying, "Never before, in all the ly, "Christianity, of course, because history of the world, has any non- it is the only thing that goes deep Christian nation conducted so reso- enough. China needs all those lute and successful a warfare against things you mention, and many more, a vicious indulgence." The part but it needs Christianity first, bewhich missionaries have played in cause that underlies all the rest. rousing the public conscience regard- China can never be reformed until ing the evils of opium should not be it has a new business and governforgotten. It was the memorial on mental honesty, and it can never have the subject, signed by 1,200 Protes- these until it has a new moral sense, tant missionaries, and presented to and it can never have that until it the throne in 1906, which led to the has become Christian." imperial edicts of 1906, 1907, and JAPAN-KOREA 1<)08. The Korean Conspiracy Case "Hands-Across-the-Sea" As a result of the retrial of the T HE largest club of girls and 105 Koreans charged with con- women in the world has entered spiracy against the Japanese Govthe field of social service. The Girls' ernor-General, Count Terauchi, and Club of The Ladies' Home Journal who were condemned to various has undertaken to raise among its terms of imprisonment last year, the members a fund of $1,200, to be Japanese Court of Appeals has reused for endowing a perpetual schol- versed the decision of the lower arship in medicine for Chinese wom- court and has found 99 of the acen at the Union Medical College cused "not guilty." The remaining for women, located at Pekin, China, six are condemned to various terms with the. understanding that the suc- of imprisonment. cessive beneficiaries will devote their service to the neglected and suffering Baron Yun Chi-ho, an ex-Cabinet among their sex. June I, 1913, is Minister, is sentenced to six years' the date set for the completion of imprisonment. On the first trial he the fund, and the ]oumal has prom- was sentenced to ten years. Yan ised to subscribe to one-half of the fund, $600, if the members of the club, by small individual contribu-

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Ki-tak, formerly connected with the grace. Japan is having a rare op- Korean Daily N ews An Tai-kog, 1m portunity to see the power of the Christian religion." J It may be that God's purpose in Chi-Chong, and Yi Sung-hun were this persecution is to give to the also sentenced to six years' imprison- Japanese a convincing proof of the ment, while Ok Kwan-pin was sen- power of the Gospel. tenced to five years. A Korean Foreign Mi""ion Baron Yun Chi-ho is one of the best known English-speaking Ko- UNDER the heading, "The Forreans. He was at one time Minister eign Mission Enterprise of the of Education and ·Minister of For- Korean Presbyterian Church," in the eign Affairs in the Korean Cabinet. Christian Observer, Rev. R. T. Coit He is a member of one of the most says: "That sounds interesting and ancient families of Korea, and held encouraging, especially in view of at various times the post of King's the fact that Christianity has been Privy Councillor, Governor, and established here only 30 years. But Legislator. He was wealthy and de- six years ago the Presbytery of voted his time to farming his great Korea undertook to evangelize the estates, which have since been con- large island of Quelpart, lying sevfiscated. He is a graduate of Van- eral hundred miles south of Mokpo, derbilt University, Nashville, Tenn. inhabited by Koreans of a type alto- He is a Methodist, and was at one gether different from those on the time at the head of the Korean mainland, and with a language al- Young Men's Christian Association. most unintelligible to Koreans. Rev. He also attended the missionary con- Yi Ki Poong was sent there as the ference at Edinburgh, Scotland, as a first missionary, and for a while it delegate from Korea. seemed as tho he would lose his life. The natives are very fierce, especially Baron Yun Chi-ho is now said to the women, who are strong and robe suffering from incipient tubercu- bust, and do most of the work suplosis, and, in the opinion (f ma;lY porting the family. Rev. Mr. Yi was of his friends. if he is incarcerated, stoned and persecuted .in every way, he will not live to serve the full while the people stopt their ears term of his sentence. at his message and declared him a perverter of their beliefs, a destroyer Converted During the Trial of idols, a traitor to Koreans, etc., and at several times riots were pre- IT was hoped that the second trial of vented only by police or some wise the Koreans accused of conspiracy hand g-uided 1.)y a still wiser Unseen against the life of Governor-General Hand." Terauchi would result in their acquittal. A letter from one of the MOSLEM LANDS Christian workers in Korea tells the story of the conversion of one of the Bibles fOT Arab Pilgrims prisoners during his imprisonment. STEERAGE passengers in the East "Among the prisoners now being travel .on deck, so that the decks tried for the second time for 'con- of Eastern steamers are often spiracy' is a man of influence among crowded with them. They are usuhis people, a man of means. Yes- ally pilgrims or traders, but do not terday' as he was being questioned combine business with relig-ion on the by the judge as to whether he was pilgrimage, for that would lose them a Christian or not, he said, 'Yes, I the merit of the journeying. am a Christian.' The judge said, 'At the former trial you said you were The pilgrim, with his roll of bednot a Christian.' The man answered, ding and his baskets of food and 'At that time I was not a Christian. cooking utensils, is of romantic in- One month ago I gave myself to terest to the tourist, and of unbear- Jesus.' Torture does not stop, persecution does not stop, the work of

able annoyance to the Anglo-Indian. have increased and its influence has But to missions in towns that are widened. This year the attendance ports of call he is a constant buyer is well on toward 300, of whom of the Bible in many languages, and about one-half are Moslems, and the his acquaintance is faithfully culti- others are Syrians, Armenians, and vated. Jews. We believe that in time it is The Arabian Mission, with its stations on the Persian Gulf, last year going to be a power for good also sold hundreds of Scripture portions to the Kurds; it is, in fact, the only to traders and pilgrims to Kerbela school of its kind that is likely to and Mecca. These Scriptures are in reach that wild but most interesting Arabic, Persian, Gujerati and Hindi. people. Portions in English and Portuguese are sold to the officers and Goanese This year the Syrian boys' "colcabin boys of the ships. The mis- lege," as it has been called, has been sion does the work of a Seamen's united with it. This institution was Bible Society for the gulf. at our mission compound, nearly two miles out of the city; but it was too Among the Bedouin Arabs far away for the Moslem day stu- dents, who form the largest section MR. ARCHIBALD FORDER, of of our scholars; so that we have had Jerusalem, has recently returned a day school for the city boys in the from a six weeks' mission among the very narrow and ill-suited buildings Bedouin Arabs, in the region of Sinai in the city. Last year the Presby- -a district hitherto untouched by terian Board gave us $8,000 for a Christian missionary work. He found new site in the city itself, so that the people to be extremely poor, very with what we had in hand in the way simple and primitive in life and of property, etc., we had about thought, but open to the Gospel $12,000. With this we purchased a message. They seem to be Moslems splendid property, covering three only in name, as they are ignorant acres, inside, but close to the city of the religion of Islam. walls. It had a fine, large building upon it, which was remodeled for a Mr. Forder found life among them school building, and a teachers' house far from comfortable, as the Bedouin was erected upon it. Arabs have scarcely enough to eat, and less to give away. He hopes The present need grows out of this to visit these people again this year. rearrangement of our boys' schools. The most pressing is one of about An Urgent Need in Persia $1,000, to complete the teachers' house, carry out the plans for re- ROBERT M. LABAREE, a mis- modeling the school building, and sionary of Urumia, who has buy some very necessary equipment given himself and all that he has for in the way of desks, etc. It seems Persia, writes: "There are one or a very small amount, but I know two pressing needs in Urumia which not which way to turn, since the make me long to get hold of a little Presbyterian Board feels that it has money for the every-day work that given all it can in appropriating the needs to be done. We need a large $8,000 and about $4,000 for the sum for a girls' college, but there Moslem Girls' School. are other needs also that seem small in their financial demands but are Another great need of the school large in their claims on sympathy. is for a dormitory on our new These wants have to do with our grounds for the boarders that we boys' school, of which I was the plan and hope to get. We have reprincipal the last two years of my fused boarders so far, because we missionary term in Urumia. It has had no place for them; but this year been wonderful to see that school one boy, from a distance, has been grow. Each year sees its numbers so pressing that room was made for him; he was tucked in somehow.

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This will be one of the most hopeful caliph by the Christians may provoke ways of getting hold of the Moham- an outburst of fanaticism.

medan and Kurdish boys. A dormi- In these conditions, a duty con- tory will be impt:ratively needed fronts Christendom and demands the within a very short time, and will safeguarding of the people in the re- cost about $10,000. The smaller need moter parts of Turkey. It is not is the more crying at present, but enough to exact punishment after the both call for some Christian invest- deed is done-that will not restore ment. any lives or homes. Action of the A Girls' School in Persia powers has heretofore been necessary after massacres; why is it not equally T HE girls are the coming mothers proper in order to prevent massacres? and the trainers of the children Every governor and local magistrate in any land. To-day Persia is pass- should be warned that if there is ing through a transition stage, and killing, his life will pay the penalty.

what is done now is sure to mold the Then there will be no massacres to future people. The women of the report.

East are awakening, and are demand- The Attitude of the Turks ing an education. Shall that educa- R tion be Christian? EV. CHARLES T. RIGGS, of One of the greatest needs of the Constantinople, writes in a pri- hour is a college for girls in Persia. vate letter: The work already accomplished by The attitude of the Turks here is the missionaries has changed the an interesting study. Among the edu- sentiment of hostility to that of cated there is a growing feeling that friendship, and Moslem boys are the capacity for ruling a mixed popu- coming to Protestant mission schools lation is lacking-a frank recognition by the hundreds. The homes, also, of failure. But among the more are being opened, and girls are com- blind there is often heard the re- ing out into the light. It is hoped morseful confession that the present that soon a far-seeing friend of troubles have come because of their women and a devoted follower of neglect of religious duties: have not Christ will respond to the need for said their prayers regularly, have a Christian school and college for had too much contact with Euro- girls by establishing one that will peans, have allowed their women to help to mold the women of the East go unveiled, and in such ways have for time and eternity. been lax. Alas! One does not hear the confession of unrighteousness in The Imperiled Christians of Turkey their treatment of others, nor any T HE cables have been too busy thought of the superiority of Chris- with other news from Turkey tianity as a religion. Most of them to make room for the stories of the say that after all, they belong in murder of Armenians in the villages Asia. Now is the time for Chris- of Asia Minor. Yet these crimes tians to show the spirit of the Mas- have greatly increased during the ter in dealing with the Turks.

war. The primitive Moslem expresses his mind upon the Balkan Christians in the Balkan War Zone I situation by killing the nearest Chris- T is a great encouragement to learn tian, who is usually an Armeni,"n. that in the midst of the awful These murders are usually bLlt mut- deeds perpetrated in Macedonia terings before massacres. While, on the Protestant Christians have shown the whole, the Moslem population their real character. Dr. Haskell, of of Turkey has displayed unexpected 'the American Board Mission, writes self-restraint thus far, it is to be that the Protestant communities have feared that the general dissemination not only kept from pillage, but have of the news of the humiliation' of the sympathized with and have shown

sympathy with the Turks in their suf- afoot in Scotland, in proposals that fering. Another item of news is that the "Established" and "United Free"

the l'omaks, who are the Bulgarian Churches should join hands as a Moslems in the Rodope Mountains, corporate body. There is much to have already begun to receive bap- be said for this, to prevent over- tism from the Orthodox Greek lapping and to present a solid front Church. While this is only a formal to grapple with the forces of evil.

conversion, it may indicate that the doors are really open for the preach- The Next World Missionary Conference ing of the Gospel among them. GERMANS seem to be determined EUROPE-GREAT BRITAIN to have the next World Mission- ary Conference meet in their country.

Millions for Pioneer Work On November 26th, a number of I N Robert Arthington's will he left prominent friends of missions met in $4,500,000 to the Baptist Mission- Hamburg at the invitation of Pro- ary Society and the London Mission- fessor Meinhop, the president of the ary Society (Congregational) of Eng- Laymen's Missionary Association of land. The capital and income are to Hamburg. After some discussion of be used by the trustees "for the date for the next World Mission- the purpose of spreading the ary Conference, it was decided to give knowledge of God's Vord among the up the idea of having it meet in 1917, heathen." The will directs that the the memorial vear of the Reformation, Gospels of St. John and St. Luke, and and to plan for 1920. An attempt is the Acts, be given "to every tribe of to be made to have it meet in Ger- mankind that has them not in their many, where Hamburg, Berlin, and own language or dialect, and that they Barmen are ready to entertain it, be taught how to read, if necessary." Hamburg seemingly being preferred "It is my wish," the testator declares, by those at the meeting. A committee, "that everywhere in all Africa, in of which Professor Meinhop is chair- South America, in Central America, man, was appointed to follow up the in Asia, in the South Sea Islands, and matter diligently.

in the Indian archipelago, all tribes I The Training of Missionaries and great populations destitute of the N view of the success which atsaid Gospels in print, should by some tended the vacation course for spemeans be reached promptly, the actual cial missionary preparation held at heathen first, and put in possession of Oxford in August last, the board the Gospel." of study for preparation of mission- A Movement Toward Unity aries has decided to hold a similar T WO practical proposals in the course at Cambridge, during August, direction of religious unity are 1913. The lecturers will deal with put forward in an appeal just issued the study of religions, anthropology, to every clergyman of the Church of and education as applied to the needs England in Canada, and it is in- of the mission field, and the principles tended that the necessary steps shall and methods of missions. Partictl- be taken to carry them into effect. lars will be annotlncc:cl later.

The letter, which is signed by 30 THE CONTINENT representative churchmen, from Hali- fax to Vancouver, urges that minis- Figueras Evanlrelistic Mission D ters of other churches shall be ad- R. J. D. BLUETT-DUNCAN, of Putney, England, says that if mitted to Anglican pulpits, and that Christians of all denominations be friends at home, who are in sympathy welcomed at communion services in with Gospel work carried on on Prot- Anglican churches. And if in- Can- estant lines, could pay even a short ada, why not also in the motherland? visit to the headquarters of the mis- Another movement toward unity is sion in Figueras, not only would their

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hearts be stirred to do all in their follows: When the rescript of eman- power to help forward this most en- cipation was issued March 4, 1861, couraging work, but they would de- by Alexander II, 23,000,000 serfs rive physical benefit and enjoyment were liberated, but the Caucasus was from their visit to a place where, even excepted from its provisos on account in the winter, balmy air and sunny of special conditions existing there.

skies are the rule. Temporary transitional measures were Evangelistic work in the province instituted pending the adoption of of Gerona, which has a population of the most suitable method to bring about 400,000, is at present carried about freedom. Altho there was still on by three evangelists from as many opposition even this year to the eman- centers. These evangelists, who are cipation of these serfs, Premier Ko- themselves converts from Romanism, kovsoff personally appeared before are well fitted for the work of con- the Council of the Empire and urged veying the Gospel message to their the passage of the new law providing fellow countrymen. Each itinerates for freedom which had already passed through the country surrounding his the Duma. It is difficult to realize own center, visiting the people in their that of the total population of Rushomes, holding meetings, or having sia in 1861, which was 61,000,000, conversation with individuals, as op- no fewer than 23.000,000 were the portunity offers, as well as distribut- serfs of private nobles, and more ing Gospels and tracts, which are than 26,000,000 were peasants on the nearly always gladly accepted and state domain. These latter, while enread. This method of evangelism ap- joying a better lot than the serfs, peals to me as being most Scriptural were none the less attached to the and effective, and it is only the lack of soil. Following the emancipation of funds that prevents a much larger the serfs in r861, the peasants, five number of centers being established years later, were raised to the level of these freedmen. Civil rights were throughout the province. granted, and communal self-govern- Methodism in France ment instituted. And now, by the latest act, all serfdom in Russia has A VERY remarkable religious finally been abolished. movement is prevailing under our Methodist mission in Savoy, France.

Not long ago a petition was sent to AMERICA the municipal council, asking that the John R. Mott Refuses AmbassadorsLip village church-a deserted Catholic institution-be placed at our disposal. T HERE are some positions in the The council was in favor of the gift of God that are immeasurproposition three to one, but the pro- ably higher than any in the gift of posal was thwarted by the activity human rulers. Special advices from of the Roman Catholic bishop of the Washington report that President diocese. Our services are being held Woodrow Wilson has offered the post in a tent, and are regularly attended of American Minister to China to by r50 to 200 people. A small John R. Mott, LL.D., general secrechapel is soon to be erected. A site tary of the World's Student Chriswas offered free by a man in the vil- tian Federation. The selection does lage, and an Italian Roman Catholic honor to President Wilson's, and eshas t1l1clertaken the building contract. pecially to Secretary Bryan's, judg- ment, for Dr. Mott would be a power The End of Russian Serfdom for good in such an office. But he T HE Council of the Russian Em- has been called to higher ministry pire has adopted a law abolish- in the Kingdom of God, and is not ing the last vestige~ of serfdom. The willing to dwindle into an ambassa- history of Russian serfdom, and the dor of human governments. Should emancipation of the serfs, is briefly he accept such a post his remarkable and well stated in Zion's Herald, as world-wide evangelistic work among

students, and his opportunities to use such as the country, the city, the divine strategy in the development of negro, the social evil and immigraworld-wide missions, as on his pres- tion. How large the rural problem ent tour, would necessarily be cur- bulks in Southern life was shown by tailed, and there is no one to take the fact that four-fifths of the audihis place. We are thankful to learn ence raised their hands when asked that Dr. Matt has declined Presi- how many had been born in the coundent Wilson's proffer. Only God, who try. A negro member of the South appointed him to his present office, Carolina legislature presented the could release him from it. claims of his race on the Christian white men of the South. The speak- An Every Member Canvas er on immig-ration pointed out that the opening of the Panama Canal T HE executive commission of the will make that problem a pressing Presbyterian General Assembly one for the South, and will bring (North), with several other bodies, about changed conditions, with which has decided that from henceforth these Presbyterian laymen are preevery year, in March, an every mem- paring themselves to cope. An adber canvas shall be made for all the dress that seems to have made a very benevolences, with a space for each deep impression was delivered by a one of the benevolences. physician of Atlanta on the social evil. Another Atlanta layman told The Convention of Southern Laymen of the remarkably successful cam- paign which has recently been waged THE Laymen's Missionary Move- in that city against organized vice. ment of the Southern Presbyterian Church has held three large The duty of every Christian to be conventions within the last four a soul winner was the theme of the years. The first two were devoted daily devotional hour, and this to the subject of foreign missions; thought of individual responsibility the last, held in Memphis, Tenn., was emphasized at every point. The from February 18th-25th, had home climax came when a carefully premissions for its theme. The wider pared "Purpose Card" was presented. horizon which their interest in for- Practically every man in the great eign missions had given them enabled convention pledged himself to some the laymen to see American prob- definite purpose-with God's help to lems in their larger relationships. undertake certain definite lines of "By the longest road," said one service. One of the chiefest of these speaker, "they have come home was the purpose of consecrating a equipped to deal with American definite proportion of income to. the crises." Nearly 1,500 delegates were service of God, this proportion to be present, practical and enthusiastic at least one-tenth. men. W. T. Ellis says: Personal work and personal conse- "These Southern Presbyterian con- cration of time, talent and money ventions are unlike anything the were key notes of the great COllven- North knows. They are homogene- tion. A ringing call came to the men ous. The church's leaders are pres- in the words of Dr. Sun Yat Sen, ent, but they do not run the meetings; they are merely a part of this quoted by Mr. J. Campbell White: refreshing democracy. The family feeling, which makes the men ac- "God is not asking for your patronquainted with the whole work and age, but for your obedience." all the workers, links the gathering into extraordinary oneness. The dele- Two Great-Hearted Armenians gates are all of a type-and a powerful Anglo-Saxon type at that." T WO Armenians in New York, successful business men, have The program made place for the pledged $50,000 for a special work many elements which enter into the in their native city in Turkey. This newer conception of home missions, is to be under the care of mission-

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS 39 I

aries and in full sympathy with the a very large number of text-books general work of the American Board. for the study circles. They have given generously before and affirm that they expect to con- The Student Volunteer Movement tinue so to do. is incorporated in the federation. In connection with it, 494 volunteers The World's Student Christian sailed for the fields during the past year alone. Federation The Mormon Prophet Exposed T HE tenth conference of the World's Student Christian Fed- BISHOP SPALDING, of the Proteration will be held at Lake Mo- estant Episcopal Church in Utah, honk, N. Y., from June 2d to 8th, has just published a pamphlet, which I9I3, as guests of the Student Move- has been characterized as the greatest ment of North America. The Federa- blow which the faith of Mormons tion is a union of twelve national has ever received. From a roving or international movements in 21 showman, Joseph Smith obtained, in different countries, and each move- I835, some strips of papyrus covered ment represents an organization of with Egyptian hieroglyphics. Smith local societies. The total number of soon announced that he had been these local societies is 2,288, and the enabled by direct divine revelation total membership is I52,000 students to read the inscriptions, and he had and professors. The objects of the discovered them to be autograph writfederation are: I. To unite student ings of the patriarchs Abraham and Christian movements or organiza- Joseph. Later he published "The tions throughout the world and pro- Book of Abraham," purporting to be mote relations among them; 2. To a translation of the Abraham papyrus, collect information regarding the re- and with it he reproduced rude copies ligious conditions of students of all of the hieroglyphics which he lands; 3. To promote the following claimed to have rendered into Englines of activity: "to lead students to lish. All this material is preserved become disciples of Jesus ,Christ as to the present generation in that volonly Savior and God, to deepen the ume of Mormonism's sacred library spiritual life of students, and to en- entitled "The Pearl of Great Price." list students in the work of extending the kingdom of Christ through- This book Bishop Spalding subout the world." mitted to the most distinguished Egyptian scholars alive to-day, and Dr. John R. Mott is the general asked if Smith had translated corsecretary of federation, Miss Ruth rectly. Without comment-for no Rouse its traveling secretary among comment is needed-the bishop's new women students, and Mr. Sherwood pamphlet prints their answers. All Eddy perhaps its best known and of them say in unqualified terms that most successful "personal worker." nowhere in the hieroglyphics which The federation is doing an excellent Smith reproduced is there the slightwork in the organization of Bible est resemblance to the meaning which study circles, in which 65,000 stu- he attributes to them. So far from dents were studying the Bible in being documents connected with groups or classes last year. Social Abraham, the papyri were simply the problems are beginning to occupy a ceremonial funeral incantations which large place in all the movements, the Egyptians always buried with especially in North America, where their dead. The bearing of this hoax this social work, to our joy and satis- upon the question of the miraculous faction, is definitely Christian. The origin of the Book of Mormon and federation, through its various move- the other claims made by their proments, shows immense literary ac- phet must be obvious to every tivity in North America, Great Brit- thoughtful Mormon. ain and China, and it has published

The World's Christian Citizenship to 27th. Text-book, "The King's T Conference Business." Write to Mrs. C. W. HE second conference is to be Peterson, 2449 Prairie Avenue, Chi- held at Portland, Oregon, June cago.

29 to July 6, 1913, under the auspices Summer School for Women's F. of the National Reform Association ]'1. S., Northfield, Mass., July 10th for the consideration of many of to I7Jh. the questions and problems that are THE pressing for solution in all countries. A Revival at Berea These are to be discust by representa- setting part of a week in the tive Christian thinkers and workers midst of the college year for from many lands, upon a platform evangelistic services, with the college distinctively Christian. pr(;sident as evangelist, is sufficiently The highest courts of many of the exceptional to-day to merit special largest churches in America have set notice. Such has been the program their seal of approval upon this con- at Berea, with rich spiritual results.

ference and have appointed repre- President Frost felt that no one knew sentatives. In all, over ro,ooo dele- the inner life and needs of the 1,000 gates or representatives have been students under his care as well as he thus appointed by various Christian, himself, and that he was the one missionary, ecclesiastical and moral to give the Gospel message and direct reform associations in our own and appeal. Two Sundays and the inter- other countries. The call for the con- vening week in January were given ference announces that all churches, to mid-day meetings and evening either local or general, all missionary preaching service. Nearly 300 stu- societies and boards, young men's and dents enrolled as inquirers. The young women's Christian asscoiations, large college chapel was crowded at temperance societies and other organ- all services. The college Y. M. C. A., izations having both a Christian and Y. "V. C. A., Christian Endeavor So- patriotic purpose are entitled to repre- ciety and Bible class leaders provided sentation. an earnest corps of personal workers.

Dr. James S. Martin, 603 Publica- The thought and theme of each even- tion Building, Pittsburgh, Pa., is gen- ing was summed up in a motto over eral director of the conference. the rostrum. That Berea secures the T Some Summer Conferences conversion and evident spiritual re- HE Pan-Presbyterian Conference, newal of the great majority of its at Aberdeen, Scotland, June. students is proof that it is among The International Missionary Union colleges which still believe the su- Conference at Clifton Springs, New preme end of education to be char- acter. York, June 4th to roth. All mission- aries invited. Write to Mrs. H. J. Interest in Latin America N Bostwick, Clifton Springs, N. Y. JRTH AMERICAN Christians The World's Sunday-school Con- have a special responsibility for vention at Zurich, Switzerland, July the moral and religious welfare of 8th to 15th. Write to Marion Law- the republics of Latin America. The rence, Chicago. United States has warned European The Missionary Education :Move- governments -to keep "hands off" po- ment Conferences, Blue Ridge, N. c., litically, and thereby assumes definite June ;27th to July 6th; at Silver Bay, obligations. This, with the growing N. Y., July lIth to 20th; at Lake commercial relationship, the pros- Geneva, Wi.s., August 1st to I HI!. pective opening of the Panama Canal, Write- to C. V. Vickrey, 156 Fifth and the omission of Latin America Avenue, New York. from the program of" the Edinburgh Winona Summer School of Mis- Conference, gave peculiar weight to sions, Winona Lake, Ind., June 19th the call for a missionary conference

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

in the interests of these republics to ping, establish union schools and col- be held in New York, March 12th leges, and union presses.

and 13th. There was some apparent differ- A strong program was arranged by ence of opinion as to the right atti- the committee, of which Dr. Robert tude of evangelical missions toward E. Speer was chairman, and the con- the Roman Church in South America, ferences, including a dinner, were but prevailing opinion was that, while well attended by representatives of the truth must be spoken, it should mission boards and societies of the be spoken in love, and that the pur- United States and Canada. The pa- pose of sending missionaries is not pers and addresses-some of which to denounce Romanism or enter into we will print later-presented many controversy, but to preach the Gospel sides of the subject. They included of Jesus Christ and to teach the the following: people its full significance.

"A Missionary Survey of Latin Amer- ica." By Robert E. Speer. Prayer for Egypt "Work among English, German and AN urgent appeal for prayer has Italian speaking people in Latin Amer- been issued by workers in Egypt. ica." By Rev. T. B. Ray. After many months of prayer, the "The Bible in Latin America." By Rev. John Fox, D.D. command, "Launch out into the deep "Religions Liberty." By A. K. Car- and let down your nets for a draught," has been heard. In Cairo, roll, LL.D. where a beginning is being made, be- "The Roman Catholic Church in Latin America." By Rev. ]. G. Meem and Rev George Smith. sides nearly 700,000 Arabic-speaking "Attitude of Missions to the Roman people, who are mostly Moslems, there are 20,000 Jews, 19,000 Greeks, Catholic Church." By Bishop E. R. 13,000 Italians, 7,000 English, 5,000 French, 4,000 Austrians and Ger- Hendrix. mans, and 1,000 Russians. A tent "Education Work in Latin America." for prayer and evangelistic work is to be erected On: Sharia Kasr-el-Nil, By Rev. W. E. Browning, Miss Florence beside the Savoy Hotel.. E. Smith, Miss Carrie Carnahan and The Outlook in North Africa Mrs. Bauman. "The Native Church and Ministry." T HE organ of the North Africa Society gives these encouraging By Rev. James B. Rodgers, D.D.· signs of the times: "Cooperation in Mission Work." By Rev. Ed. F. Cook, D.D.

"Moral and Social Problems." By Rev. L. C. Barnes, D.D.

"How to Interest the Church at Home." By Mr. J. W. Wood and Rev.

W. F. Oldham, D.D.

There was a general agreement Firstlv-There is more freedom for among the speakers on the deep spirit- gospel -testimony in North Africa ual darkness, the widespread igno- than there has ever been before.

rance, the gross immorality, the po- Those who remember the govern- litical unrest and instability of these mental obstacles that had to be sur- Latin American republics. At the mounted years ago in Algeria, Tunis, same time there was a recognition Morocco and Tripoli will rejoice that of the noble characteristics found in those days are past and a new era many of the people, their native abil- has dawned-an era of freedom from ity, the richness of their country, and Moslem authority, and also largely the possibility of a great future be- of freedom from suspicion of the fore them. It is a delicate but im- European over-lords of these lands.

portant task that confronts the church, This is .a wonderful advance.

and one that calls for consecration, Secondly-The attitude of Moslems tact, patience, and united action. One generally is much more friendly than of the most pressing needs is that the in days gone by. They recognize the missions at work in Latin America good intentions of the missionaries, come into closer fellowship; that they even if they do not appreciate their divide the territory, avoid overlap– message. Medical missions and kind-

ness shown in the homes of the stamps for postage to the underpeople have done much to transform signed, when he will receive a reply enemies into friends, and to prepare by mail. If he encloses 25 cents in some hearts for the reception of the stamps, he will receive, in addition, gospel message. the following books." (The books mentioned are published by the Nile Thirdly-Great advance has been Mission Press.) made in translating the Scriptures into the Kabyle .and other Berber "The advertisement appeared only languages, and also in rendering the in one paper so far, but we have alclassical Arabic into the colloquial, so that the few who are readers are ready had 35 replies, and the most now able to understand what they remarkable thing, which gladdened read. our hearts, was that the first reply came from the leading opponent of Fourthly-God has been continuing Christianity in Cairo, who was glad to give conversions in various sta- to receive the books, and who has tions both among Moslems and Euro- since called on me, and with whom peans. Some, it is true, have gone I have had prayer." back, and some have caused disappointment and .anxiety; yet God's Personal interviews are increasing Spirit is manifestly working in not in number, and students from the a few Moslem hearts. Azhar University are seeking out Dr. Zwemer for conversation and prayer.

Advertising for Interviews with Moslems The Present Struggle with Islam DR. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, now THE NiIe Mission Press is one of of Cairo, has adopted a novel the best examples of what philplan in his missionary work for Moslems. Just before he left America, a anthropic British and American effriend placed in his hands a sum of fort can do for Egypt. Dr. Zwemer money to be used in his work as he says that in spite of its spread and saw fit. With a part of this money scope, orthodox Mohammedanism is he inserted in one of the Cairo pa- doomed to fade away, and the conpers a paid announcement, saying that flict in Egypt is not now against the he would be glad to correspond with Mohammedan Church so much as it any who would like to inquire further is a struggle to keep the way bright into the claims of Christianity. Dr. and clear for the minds that, falling Zwemer says in a private letter (Feb- away from Islam, need a religion to ruary 17, 1913): take its place. Therefore, all the great work of translation and publica- "When we remember that there tion is pushed in order to present a are some 80 dailies in Cairo, and that fair hope and a new life of faith and some of the larger ones have a cir- cheer to Apostate Moslems. There culation of from 15,000 to 20,000, is, of course, some ecclesiastical aryou can well see the opportunity pre- g-ument, as priests make inquiry and sented by such advertisements. The answer tracts and books; but the response is most remarkable. I doubt large thing is the placing of the whether a religious advertisement in means of intelligent information aNew York daily would bring in throughout the Arabic world. Funds half as many replies as our first ef- are needed, and any with a little to fort did here. The advertisement spare might remember that nowhere reads as follows: will a contribution do more good to the advancement of the Kingdom of "THE FOUNDATION OF THE CHRISTIAN Christ.

RELIGION As a result of the activity and "Everyone who desires to investi- prayers of the American Committee gate the truth or falsity of the foundations of the Christian faith is re- of the Nile Mission Press, $29,000 quested to send his address and has been sent to Cairo for the pur-

chase of the needed property, so that OBITUARY it is expected that the Press will Walter C. Roe, of Oklahoma T soon be established in its own quar- HE American Indians have lost a faithful friend and a noble, efters.

Emigration of Mohammedans from ficient missionary by the death of Rev. Walter C. Roe, D.D., on March Algeria 12th, at the age of 53. Dr. Roe was GERMAN papers call attention to graduated at Williams College in the numerous Mohammedan 1881, and after taking his theological Arabs who are emigrating from course at Rutger's Seminary, New Algeria and are settling in Syria. . Brunswick, went to a pastorate in From the neighborhood of Tlemsen, Fort Worth, Texas. In 1897, he was in Northwestern Algeria, near the called by the Woman's Board of Doborders of Morocco alone, more than mestic Missions of the Reformed twelve hundred families emigrated in Church in America to take up mis- sionary work among the Cheyennes 1911. These Moslems are dissatisfied and Arapahoes of Oklahoma and Inwith the conditions in Algeria, and dian Territory. He became superinconsider themselves limited in their tendent of this mission in 1903, and civil rights. They hope that under with his noble and capable wife, Mohammedan rule in Syria, which they think as much civilized as Al- rendered great and lasting service to geria, they will find better conditions the American Indians. Some years and more justice. Their arrival in ago failing health compelled him to Syria will bring them in contact with give up the more active service, but organized missionary work for the he kept up his oversight of the misfirst time, perhaps, for the station sion to the end. Dr. Roe will long nearest to Tlemsen is Oran, where be remembered as a most consecrated only two workers of "Christian Mis- worker and effective missionary.

sions in Many Lands" are stationed. William Whiting Borden WEST AFRICA T HERE are few young men whose Home-going- will leave such a g-reat gap in Christian circles as is Bishop Crowther Memorial caused by the decease of William W. Bornen, of Chicago, who passed ON October 5th, Bishop Tugwell away in Cairo on April 9th. Mr. opened the Bishop Crowther Borden inherited wealth from his Memorial Theological Institute, at Bonny, in the Niger Delta. The pur- father, who died seven years ago, pose of the institute is to train Af- and he consecrated that wealth, as ricans of the delta as catechists and well as his time, his strength and pastors, for work under the Niger his winning personality, to the serv- Delta Pastorate Church. Hitherto the ministry has consisted of men ice of God and of his fellowmen. drawn from Sierra Leone, such men He was a trustee of the Moody Bible really being foreigners. Bishop Tug- Institute, Chicago, director of the well wrote from Calabar: National Bible Institute, New York, a member of the American Committee "The institute has been erected at a cost of £ 1,200, which amount has of the Nile Mission Press, and a been largely raised in West Africa. helper of many other benevolent and missionary causes. When a student It reflects great credit on the good at Yale he founded and supported judgment and skill of Archdeacon the Hope Rescue Mission. After Crowther, who has been architect and graduation from Princeton Theologi- builder. A young man has been en- cal Seminary he devoted three months gaged as the principal, and there to volunteer mission work among the are 12 stnoents available for train- colleges, and then, in December, ing." sailed ·for Cairo to prepare for mis-

sion work among Moslems. Already T William Albert Mansell, of India his power was being felt in Cairo, HE death on March 4th of the. and the future was bright before Rev. W. A. Mansell, D.D., Prin- him. His noble Christian mother, cipal of the Bareilly Theological Semi- who had not hesitated to give one nary, removed from India one of the daughter to India, did not shrink from choicest spirits that ever labor-ed for the sacrifice of giving her beloved India's salvation. Dr. Mansell was in son for work among Mohammedans. many respects an ideal missionary, and God, in His love and wisdom de- his death at forty-nine years of ago: creed otherwise, and the son has is a grievous loss not only to the: been called to higher service. On Methodist Episcopal Mission but to about March 17th he was taken ill the Christian work of North India. in Cairo with cerebral meningitis, Yet his death in the very prime of and altho everything possible was life does not leave an unfinished work, done for him, William Borden en- .a circumscribed influence or an incomtered into the Life Beyond after plete life. Dr. Mansell's father was three weeks of illness. His mother called to be a missionary at seven years arrived in Cairo on the day of his of age by reading "Little Henry and departure, she having left America His Bearer." Thus it happened that W. before her son's illness was reported. A. Mansell was born in Moradabad, Much beloved by many, and a friend U. P., on the 30th of March, 1864: to every needy one, or Christian work, Eight years later he: was taken to William Borden's loss is deeply felt America and received his college eduby hosts of friends and those whom cation in the Ohio Wesleyan Univerhe helped. The only consolation is sity. He entered the ministry of the in the knowledge of the love and Methodist Episcopal Church in 1885, wisdom of our Heavenly Father, being ordained Deacon by Bishop Whose we are and Whom we serve. Foster, and then entered the' Boston University School of Theology. The Rev. Wilson Phraner, D.O. same year he started for India as a missionary, and arrived in November, O NE of the most honored men in 1889. On arrival in India, Dr. Mansell the Presbyterian Church of U. was appointed to a Professorship in S. A. and perhaps the one with the the Lucknow Christian College. Later longest record of active service has the exigencies of the work of the Misrecently passed to his reward (April sion, coupled with Dr. Mansell's own 4th) at th~ home of his daughter Mrs. eminent qualifications as an evangelist, F. D. Arthur, in Brooklyn, New York. led to his appointment as Superintend- ent of the Oudh District. In 19o1 he Wilson Phraner was nearly ninety- was appointed Superintendent of th·:: one years of age and had been in the Bijnor District, and at the Conference ministry for nearly seventy years. He of 1904 was made Principal of the was the sup~rintendent of the Sunday Theological Seminary at Bareilly. Dr. school when Arthur T. Pierson first Mansell was a great missionary both entered the infant class at six years on account of his work and his charof age and he spoke at Dr. Pierson's act::r. He will remain as an example funeral service in 1911. Dr. Phraner of a nian who knew how to live while was also for a time the honored teacher he worked. He seemed to undErstand and the pastor of the late Editor-in- that a man can accomplish as much by Chief, in his boyhood. Dr. Phraner his influ·::nce as by his labors. Probwas always deeply interested in mis- ably what imprest itself most 011 sions and was a member of the Board those who knew him was his goodness. of Home Missions of the Presbyterian His Indian associates in the work, Church. He was a man of rare Chris- however ml1ch they value:d his e1evotian spirit and an able preacher. For tion to the cause, were' most of all immany years he was pastor of the prest with his character. Munn Ave. Presbyterian Church, East Orange, N. J. AND MISSION LANDS THINKING BLCK. By Dan Crawford. Ve plan. for a fu1ler review In a I1!ustrated. 8vo. 502 pages. 75., 6d. subsequent number, but the book is Morgan and Scott. London; $2.00 net. one that an intelligent reader can not George H. Doran Co., New York, afford to miss. Its picturesque origi- 1913. nality will make the perusal a delight, while the intimate view of the au- Twenty-two years -in Central Af- thor, the African and the mISSIOn, rica without a furlough did Hot cause inspire us with a longing to save Daniel Crawford, missionary of the these men and women, who may not Christian Mission in Many Lands be "proud of their descent, but may (Open Brethren), and Fellow of the become proud of their ascent." Royal Geological Society, to loose. his keen insight and clear outlook, VEILED MYSTERIES OF EGYPT, And the Rehis sense of humor or his natural ligion of Islam. By S. H. Leeder. 411 forcefulness and originality of ex- pp. London, Eveleigh Nash, 1912. pression. These characteristics seem rather to have been developed by his In the preface to this interesting long sojourn and intimate contact and beautifully illustrated book, the with the blacks. His volume of travel, author says that there has always observation and experience compels been a veil of mystery over the reattention, for it is one of the most ligion of Islam from its first days, unique, fascinating and important of and if he had been able to lift this the recent volumes on Central Af- veil, by a knowledge of the original rica. It is published attractively with sources of Islam, or even by a perucolored illustrations and halftones, sal of Moslem literature in its unex- purgated form as given in the standand looks like a $4.00 book. ard works of Captain Matthews, on Dan Crawford is a rare character, Tradition, "Mishkat el Misabih," Muir's "Life of Mohammed," Koelle's and his 'wit, wisdom and originality "Mohammed and Mohammedanism," stand out in every page. He has and especially W eil's German transsought to understand the African lation of Ibn Hisham, the earliest nature and to "think black," as he biography of Mohammed, he would terms an inside view of the African not have fallen into the snare of his mind. He traces many unfamiliar own ignorance and given his readers paths in the African jungle, both a superficial view of the Moslem physical and mental, and is an ex- faith and of things in Egypt. celleltt guide. Everywhere his Christian purpose and spirit stand out, side This new Western apologist for' by side, with his exuberant humanity. Islam claims that no writings on Mo- hammedanism are "more misleading Mr. Crawford leads us through than those of missionaries," espe- African forests and up African rivers cially those published in recent years. from Benquela, on the west coast of Their writings are said to be cruel Angola, to Loanza, on Lake Mweru, and relentless attacks on Islam. This book is a sympathetic study and apin the heart of the continent, on preciation of the high ideals and mothousand mile trips in the interior, tives of Mohammed and his foland after 22 years out on the east lowers, and consists of four parts: a description of Moslem life in town coast, at the mouth of the .Zambesi River. His contact with Portuguese and village, some reflections and obslave traders did not increase his servations in the mosques, a book on respect for some white men, and his the great feasts and festivals, and, finally, the great questions of Islam life in Mushidi's country gave him as interpreted through the Moslems a close view of a black tyrant's ways with his many wives, his piles of human skulls, his slaves, and his subjects. themselves. The book is well written of Mohammed's own life, some of and makes interesting reading, even which have been given in Latin foot- where those who know Islam can notes by Dr. Koelle, and all of which not agree with the author's conclu- may be read in the Lives of Moham- sions. The section of the 'Moslem med that are sold by the thousands population in Egypt with which the and ten thousands on the streets of author came in contact is not truly Cairo, representative of 90 per cent. of the EpOCH MAKERS OF MODERN MISSIONS. By people in Egypt, nor in any part of the Moslem world. Whatever mys- Rev. Archibald McLean, D.D. 8vo, teries of Egypt can be unveiled for 301 pp. $1.00, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., 1913.

the tourist by the loquacious drago- If the proper study of mankind is man or the Moslem who has him- man, one of the most important self abandoned his religion and is branches of mission study is the anxious to make the worse appear the missionary. This we have presented better reason, both as regards the in compact, readable form in the ethics and the ritual of Islam, Mr. Leeder has seen, but the real mys- brief biographical sketches of 16 wellteries of Egypt-mysteries of in- known pioneers-Henry Martyn, iquity, or ignorance and of degrada- Robert Morrison, Robert Moffat, tion-are still veiled to him, and John Hunt, Alexander Duff, Guido will remain so, because, as he says, F. Verbeck, and others. The least known is Zenas Loftis, of Tibet, who "A profound study of Islam, based upon the immense Arabic literature, died in 1909. The life stories are it is not in my power to attempt." well outlined and forcefully written. We can not forbear quoting in this Of Henry Martyn, he says: connection what the London Times says in regard to the author's at- "To translate the Scriptures was a great work, but to translate the life tempt to discredit the testimony of and character of Christ into the lanmissionaries. guage of the present is a stilI greater "If Mr. Leeder must needs cross 5ervice." daggers with the missionaries, he should look to the joints of his own "It is not the dying for faith that is so hard; it is the living up to that armor. He is wholly uncritical in faith that is most difficult." his references to Arabic theologians and to the Koran and Sunna, and he The thrilling incidents in the lives misrepresents, unintentionally, some of each missionary are described, of the writers he quotes. We make their characters and achievements are no doubt, from his own statements, portrayed, and many of their notable sayings are recorded. The volume furnishes excellent material for brief that he speaks and understands the sermons and talks to young people. modern Arabic of Egypt; but his nu- The North American Student merous errors in writing Arabic words can not all be misprints, and Here is a new monthly magazine, suggest an almost too confiding turn published by the Council of North of the cheek to the smiter." American Student Movements, of A book might well be written on which John R. Mott is chairman.

the Unveiled Mysteries of Egypt, the The council has been formed for the unspeakable sorrow and degradation purpose of promoting unity 'among of Egyptian womanhood in the vil- student Christian organizations-men lages, the immoralities and fanati- and women-and the magazine is in- cisms connected with the worship of tended to promote the practical pur- the dervish orders, the character of poses of the council. The first num- popular Islam as shown in its cur- ber contains articles on "Why Go to rent literature (some of which is Church," by Dr. G. A. Tohnston being supprest by the present Egyp- Ross; "A Council of War and tian Government), or the mysteries Peace," by Miss Bertha Conde; "The

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REPORT OF THE THlRTIETli ANNUAL LAKE PAMPHLETS M()H()NK CQNFERENCE of Friends of the Indian and Other Dependent Peoples. RELIGIOUS" E1"HICAL AND SOCIAL WORK IN October 23d, 24th, and 25th, 1912. Re- THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA. lOco ported by Miss Lilian D. Powers. Edited by the Secretary. 278 pp. Lake The story of Christian work in a Mohonk Conference of Friends of the Indian and Other Dependent Peoples, gr~at university is inspiring and stimu- Lake Mohonk, N. Y., 1912. latmg. It shows what may be done IN JESUIT LAND. The Jesuit Missions of Paraguay. By W. H. Koebel. 381 pp. ~y a few earnest men with divine help 12s. 6d., lut. Stanley Paul, London, 1912. m a great body of comparatively Tm: CALL OF INDIA. A Study in Condi- thoughtless students. This brief pam- tions, Methods and Opportunities of Missionary Work Among Hindus. By phlet tells of the religious meetmgs, Rev. E. W. Thompson. Illustrated. 319 pp. Is. 6d., net. Wesleyan Meth- SOCial .se~tlement work, Bible study odist Missionary Society, London, 1912. and ~111~slOn study classes, Christian THE ISLAND EMPIRE OF THE EAST. By aSSOCiatIOn work, South China Mis- Rev. J. Cooper Robinson. 255 ?p. Prayer and Study Union of Missionary sion, employment bureau, conferences, Society of Chuch of England in Can- ada, Toronto. 1912. etc., all under student management.

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IRELAND'S HOPE. A Call to Service. 232 University of Nanking. This pam- pp. Irish Inter-Collegiate Christian Union, Student Christian Movement, phlet comprises the report of the 93 Chancery Lane, London, W. C. president to the trustees, and shows HENRY MARTYN. First Modern Missionary to Mohammedans. By William Henry how a union Christian university can Harding. 16 pp. 1d. Morgan & Scott, London. be planned and successfully started in . A SOCIAL SERVICE PROGRAM FOR THE P AR- China by missionaries of Mdeentohmoidniast~ ISH. Sc. The Joint Commission on Presbyterian and Disciples tions.

Cycle of Prayer. January to June, 1913. 5c. Issued by the Baptist For- ward Movement, Boston. For each week there are a list of subjects for panradyweri,thwoicthcaisniofnoarml Sactiroipntuarbeoupat stshaegme~ and . o~her quotations on prayer.

LZ7!lngstone Centenary Literature.

Pubhshed by the Missionary Educa- tion Movement, New York. These i?clude programs, recitations, sugges- tions for sermons and prayer meet- ings.

The Missionary Review of the World — January 1913

OF THE PROT~STANT FOREIGN 'Mr~$lON~~' SOCIETIES OF THE WORUJ .FOR

COLLECTEJ) AND TABULATED FOR "THE MISSIONARY REVIEW 0 'THE WORLD" BY REV. LOUIS MEYER, D,D.

(Copyrighted. 1912) (See Editorial Note on page 2) ,_____~___,_ __-=cc== _ =-c=-=== –=c—-===.— – – – – – – I ""- =–=-=–~=—=-=–~=- ~~—==;—-=~-=c===;===–;=–=-='-=- Foreign CQuntries in wlJich Missions are sustained and number of klissions N/ullB1!:R FOR.EI.C~ '11I.SSIONARlES NATIVE WOllKEllS ltMT1JE.N I PHY51CIAKS II.~PTIZItD I.A~T 'YEAR NAME OF ORGANIZATION (Abbreviated) I,,', — – – – – – . ~— – – . .-,—–~–.— I-AMERICA 1. Canada 120.000 ' 2,8001 31 (1) (5) ,25 39 95 8 486 494 589 24 200 67, 8,500 5,900?72 ••.• 403 11,250 i,200 212 5,290 6 25.000 India, South America. 900 " 169 7 '-Janadian Baptist …………… ··· 1912 1 63 '" 46 3 _.-."'…. Japan, China, India, Palestine, Africa (2). 3.257 " 87 71 Church of England in Canada ….. . 1883 )36.507 5161 18 4 (1) 1 2 ' 21 55 2 9 11 66 19 4 ••.• 18 40 1,750 ,46 4i 25 8 62 474 15,407 15 1.502 1 8 2.410 9 Chilia, Japan. 360 Methodist Church ……………. . 1824 160,000 2,463" 55 13 ' '3 19 69 41 202 61 80 1411 343 25 84 11 168 1.394' 93 8i' 662 215.570 '25,668 43 10 7 57 40 164 ,408 408, 572 19 ll5 46 6,523 ····1 5,707 1.519 10 16 252,412 Cbina (3), Formosa, Korea, India.

rresbyterian Church ………. ····· 1844 1 85 7~1 , 15,933 1 15 4 3 25 2 2 27 9 …. i, ….. . 9,304 25 35 '648.010 Two Other Societies•…… ········· ~–m —w 41 ml«" 54171 -ggs -;;Os611,597 -"96 403124=I=~==.2=O=9'i===='='=4=O'*-,;:;-=-=-=9-.~'O:'4:4:;==i'~!H;=I=:;=~~:1:216.394 t –1-1 , 2. United States 17 190 196 70 586 46 928 974 1.560 i 3.104 17,565 2i 6 7 9 739 16.451 13 724 192 6,730 4 8 Africa, Asia, Australia, l:~tropc, South America. 140 145 413, 14.461 i 84 …. 1 400 9 900 2 120 12 I Seventh Day Adventist………… 1863 357.588 135,235 106 250 28 1.558 9' 700 9/311 ····1 1,835 67,897 2.099 740 'I! '4'7',7'60' China, Cape Verde Islands. 2 3 6 13 40 40 53 8 165,461 51 24 63 23.000 700 2 1350 •••• 1 200 .Butma, Assam, South India, Bengal, China (4), Japan, Kongo, Philippines. American Advent ……•..••.•…. 1897 400 l;tIlO' … ;: 422 14.562 61,828 19 33 •••••• i Cbl~a, India, Europe (3). 1 128 2.614 1.43.! 15(l.897 J,063 9 American Baptist •.•………….. 1814 1,130,051 818,422 240 (55) (18) 34 259 181 114 5,436 10,000 ,3', •••• ! 41 180 ……i Aftica (4)" South America (2}. West Indies. 5, 436 1 6.150 2.832 42,299 ::::i 1,281 81.789 1,106 3 18 II ,.47 77 49~178 125 20 13' 1,112 2,200 114 9.143 89.364 340 18 451 494 71 3,976 Gen. Miss. Board Ch. of Brethren.. 1884 2,635 273 18,408 43 14,700 1,900 55 3.140 23,499 1,700 43 51 83 2,995 7 National Baptist Convention…….. 1880 2,500 25 391 26! 5' 1JD 91 2.098 164 5,4841 Chfila. Dutch East 'Indies, Western Africa. 18,019 2,300 2 2 2 2 10 25 36 600 5.248 5.568 Seventh Day Baptist ••.•………. 1842 113.715 170 1.507 51.7961 China (4). Africa. Japan. Mexico (2), South America p), EuM1"'" ! 310 20 819 217 6 13 5771 844 342 826 34'l 24.689 6.000 3./91 4 Southern Baptist ••••••••••.•….. 1845 580,408 77,872 101 12 2 2 104 46 267 112 465 717 10 18,917 1 9 32 3.732 1.345 5! ;11 6 286 so 4,592 1.150 6 SO …… 1 10 430 Two Other Baptist Societies ….•… 3.000 1 4 16 660 12 599 39 ;;;.~~:I Japan, Porto Hico. 'I 250 87 19.827 1,137 6 6 2 14 13 181 32 34 18, 1.029 103 17 47 198 .621 322 102 1.357 621 ' 77,651 217 7 Christian Church Mission Board…. 1878 I ····1 6,673 65.066 2S 40 Af~reicxal.c(o3J),ETuruorpkeey (4L India (2), Ceylon, Japan China (4), PhifilJpines. Mict"on.esia, 580 300 (2). ' American Board •••,……… .•••..• 1810 1,062,443 314.040 175 25 12 17 194 4,711 5.033, 5.654 267 600 7 247 24 55 ,59 1141 138 81. 102 8,281 269 .:~~I 41 333,320 450 Ch1nese, Japanese; Hawaiians in Hawaii. 325 46 33.515 Hawaiian Evangel. Assn.·………. 1823 39,951 20 7 8,752 3.000 7 100,000 India, New Zealand, l'l~fdeat :Mexico, South AMerica, West Indies (2). Christian Woman's Board………. 1874 324,000 682 Foreign Chdstian Miss. Soc……… 1875 353,127 12.000 16 (4) 16 41 73 178 178 251 20 , 40 50 4.616 1.720 Evangelical A~sociation •••…••…. 1875 2.770 United Evangelical Church……… 1894 36,668 1 …. 532 4,882 23 153,287 Japan, China, Tibet, India, Philippines, Africa, West Indies, Europe (3). 37,831 47,601 82 (16) 60 29 171 1,085 1,085[ 1,256 32 232 155 13.568 I 123 l°i 143 275 Japan, Cbina. 2 8 11 28 28 19 47 75 27 30 13 1.161 7.366 15 1 184 6,000 China. 715 49 8 7 20 22 22 42 61 185 22 •••• 1 1,371 i 6 46 99 82 la[.an.

Friends of Philadelphia…•….. ··· 1882 17,487 468 3 4 11 ·r·· 59 5': 70 8; 7.376 94.400 34.169 1 41 2;109 2 2 ••…. 1 Palestine, Japan, China, India, Africa, Mexico, Vest Indies (2). Guatemala. Alaska. 22.007 63 60.000 17,400 26 8 24 2Z 88 7 258 265' 353 31 72 29 3,962 100.699 " Amelican Friends .••••..•……… 1894 24.529 ~ I 6 61 6, 2,068 71 119 143 10 3,398 India. 22.566 20 •• '>,. 59 212 German .Evangelical Synod……… 1865 15.000 . 3:~~~1 10 5 230 230, 250 683 1 101 321 30.000 4 1,045 30 111.528 3 14 12 12' ! 26 24 2 5.000 China. 6 2 Augustana Synod, China Miss…… 1902 2 4 ! 2 20 5,000 12 2 7 10 32 2 ' 375 377' 409 16 521 311 10,292 6261 2.436 24 6,373 2 21,000 India. Japan. 2' 6,870 8 13 Gen"eral Council Luther. Ch……… 1869 i 770 i 9 541 547' 15,176 1 289 18 9,863 2 61,498 India. -Vest Africa. 2 12 11 General Synod Luther. Ch………. 1842 21,7501 21 19 13 55 773! 828 2,348/ 2 22 6 i 2.616 .~1jQfwcaian Luth. Synod *… 189,1 5 5 18 i 82 82i 100 -4 39 4, 567 48 2.597 137 I China. 14 11 ,8 19 '4) 43 62 5 7 ~ … 464 77 ····1 ~?S 500 2 '2 ¥issouri Synod ……••••..•…… 1877 7 311 100 Por~o Rico. 10 l.;" , 66 12 5 8 8 13 Porto ·Rico Mission, Gen. Council… 1898 , 86,I 127 11 12 774 .··.·.·.I! 1,485 Japan" India, Transvaal, Venezuela.

Scandinavian Alliance Miss……… 1891]. 7 12 12 41 81 10 7 30 42 :~! 72 6 14 546 China, Alaska. 11 21 Swedish Mission Covenant……… 1885 4 7 400 800 16 8 220 JapJn.

United Luther. Synod in the South. 1892 20,000 700 3 8 2 i' '450 . '~~~I 84.548 2 19 14 56 6 131 131'1 193 12 76 1,293 751 ::::) 293 S78 6 •••••• 1 Chipa. MadagasCBT. 93 784 United Norwegian Luther. Ch……. 1890 49,000 1 20 6 18 18 67 8 40 lOl! 168 16 57 1,I-51 500 2 Six Other Lutheran Societies …….. . 21 18 177.818 4 6 1 18.000 India. 8,274 4 20 40: 60 4 488 25 …. 1 65S In~.

American Mennonite ……………. . 1899 16,623 ······1 6 I 27 3 2 107 ····1 165 General .conference Mennonites …. . 1900 25,000 ······1 4 4 9 18' I 9,326, 10.564 70 351 412 1.238 1.052 198 1.041 2.154' 174.876 20.006 18.8951156.856 8l,869 37 325.891 Ch~iltnnaen(c5a), Ja.p~n (2), ,KEourreoap, ~ India (7) Philippines, Africa (4), Majay~a, Soutb 10,162 8 (3), "Mexico. (12). • Me1hodist EpiscopaL •.•……. · '.' .. 1819 2,450.381 8~:::::1 329 37 ····1 ….. 60.000 ChUla, KoreaJ Japan, BI:3Z_il,.. Mexico, Cuba. ].1ethodist Ep~scopal, South ………. . 1846 894.777 107 (7) (1) 96 1;51 354 139 831 970 1 1,324 46 200 643 29.825 830 1 1 876 ······:1 Af?~ _,0,), West Indies, South America.- 40 African Methodist Episcopal * ….. . 1844 15.015 4,762 6 8 8 ,2 24 12 23 J 59 10 73 I 2,796 …… We~t Inelies, Western Africa. 8 18 3 5 228 African M. E. Zion Church *……. . 1892 18,000 700 2 5 97 185 349 631 ·· ..iI I 21 84 27 25 82 6 1.619 227 47 Af~ca, India. China, Japan.

Free Methodist ……••..•…….. 1882 54.412 1.707,1 21 2 1 Ja~ 3 6 16 18 ::f 40 4 'f2 1.609 326 III ~ 265 2 640 2 Ja~·Chlna. 6 _21 Methodist Pl'otestant •.•. ~ .••.••••. 1880 23.414 1,763, 398 3 Method. Prot., Woman's Board …. . 1879 20.000 Wes[eyan Methodist …………… . 1889 18,000 400 2 (2) (6) 2 6. 10 5 4 12 15 1 5 16 10 lOi 26 2 9 1 At~Ca. India.

16.000 . ….. ! 13 8 28 5 10 38 . ….. 1 J …… So~th -Africa, Japan~ India~ 1I.1:exico. Cape Verde Islands. 39 385 Pentecostal Church of the- Nazarene* 1897 10 86 35! 7, 17 520 .J … ~~ 8 315 1 3 Melded, India. 3.451 155,667' : Q.707 55,982 71 96 Associate Reformed Presb. Church. 1873 23.246 420 2 2 IS ,9 19 10 25 54 20 18 594 142 29,158 3! 102 10.813 9 58 470 206 i 2.380 60,734 15 23,725 7 23 1,000 2 8 463.782 AChf(niln~cnaa,A(7Bf)nr~caJzaai,lpS~(no3..),&KCoCrheeiann,tarI·an(l2dA)ia,m. JeParhpiciaHanp,(p5Kf)n~erseM.a,eI.nxMdic~i"a~i(cC3~a)J.!:tp~ea.r.s.tKao,rSea·lanms,. i. . 1.007 82 Presbyterlan Church …………… . 1837 2,877,845 501,192 341 76 26 215 1,082 271 4.764 1 5.041 6.123 162 . . .. 115.976 346 :1 1.874 401 aos, Syria, West- 173 6 15,605 8 15 55 243 35 793 82S1 1.071 68 758 121 1, 14.721 724 10,889 ····1 , Japanese. in U. S. 248 81 233 Presbyterian Church, South …….. . 1861 501,412 45,435 74 1 289 3,096 3 63 204 13,600 Syria) Asia Minor, Chjna,~ Cyprus.

Reformed Presbyterian Church ….. . 1856 48.527 ······11 11 3 3 ~1 45 55 55, , 100 6 10 31 438 67 6 810 136 364,340 232.620 1 51 8 4 n 201 96 1.278 1,3d 1,575 24 830 125' 39,984 46.045 3,525: 108 27.372 6 13 192,512 i Inqi-. Egypt, Egyptian Sudan. 2,ll2 55 United Presbyterian Church ……. .. 1854 1 160 1 (59) 5,000 9 8,386 4 3 32 35 39 2 4 7' 558 725 379 ..•. 1 Two Other Presbyterian Societies .. .. 675 3,096 1 11,760 i 1,951 10.605 7 11 140.000 Africa. China, Japan, Brazil, Mexico, Haiti, Cuba 11.528 10 7 118,951 China, Japan (2), India, Arabia. Protestant Episcopal Church t …… . 1821 784.883 130.4701 87 14 44 i2 315 151 110 861 1.176 93 324 •••• I 12,066 400 15 41 32 6.500 Cbina, Japan. 2 20 ! 45 5,771 13,0181, 36 (11) 6 130 44 636 680 810 24 330 •••• J Reformed Church (Dutch)……… 1832 287.769 (7) 3 24 1 12 37 1 i6 22 16 , Reformed Church (German),……. 1878 126.000 2,5001 20 2 3 25 62 18 125 143 205 6 73 9: 2,600 90 20 18 18,1 38 3 4 1 81 •••• f 7 11 Two Refonned Episcopal Societies .• 52,100 146 212 i 134 46 1.446 7 26,821 W4tSt Africa. China, Japan, Philippines. Porto R;ico. United Brethren in Christ………. 1853 Ten Other Denominational Societies 99,881 13,239 25 (2) (1) 66 22 124 18 129 861 4,868 294 ·· .. 1 6.026 Africa Inland Mission t. . . . . . . . . . . . 1859 51 3 157 6 203 1 42 63, 18 1,107 …… 2.343 50 86 4,350 2 4 67,199 209' 366 •• .. 1 2 2 60 40 40 1 100 12 3 100 3 •.••• 12 9 Bdgian Kongo, Gennan and British East Africa.

25.000 6 Araerican Bible Society ………. ·· 1816 386.500 66,746' 27 57 815 815 1i 872 25 320 Turkey! S01.}th America, Central America. West Indies, China, Korea, Japan, Egypt. Arab:la, Slam, Laos, etc. (45 countr~s). Christia.n and Missionary Alliance… 1887 307,104 10,000 95 258 40 335 375i 633 89 148 60 4.500 6,500 750 1,200 99 4.500 149 2.785 W+~t Central Africa, 'India, China, Japan, South Amerka (3), Palestine. 2 ······1 2 China.

Distribution Fund •.••…..•……. t 909 15.000 ······i 26 26 In&. Ceylo~ Chitta, Japan, Argentina.

Foreign Department, Y. W. C. A… 1906 51,885 6 26 Internal'l Y. M. C. A., For. Work. Woman's Union Miss. Soc.'……… 1889 299,317 127 127 ······1 127 .. 1,718 IAln,..,.~.~t'el~'-n''ha~,l"ne,ay'"a-,BJ..rnataZ,ip1a~Pn-h.Cilhiiplep,i..n,eCsu,bUa ruWguea.syt.. Indies Mexico, Ceylon, India, China. Japan, Yale Mission in Chin'a …••.••••…. ' Other Christiall College Alissions .•• 207 3,506 5 194 256 3 47,359 Ten Other Interdenom, SQcietie'S ..•• 75.341 12,109 (7) 35 152 152 187 7 12 50 10,000 1860 19,994 10 Total., ….. 1902 103.418 256,836 13 3 4 14 6 61 20 I 1 70 11 ell/a&; • – – – = – – : . – – – – – – – —-.—.~— 68 29 136 115 116 252 6 • ••• 1 3 916 7 2,400 12 1,013 3 2 118 97 97 215 …… 83 … … m ….. ….I .. … 41 752…. •••.. •… • .•••. _3 ~ 26 28 38 .-:..:..::I~ 8,037 2.497 35,,354 37,951 45.988 508,!72 46.533 Z7:9Ulm:68I 18.156 –;;uoo ~ iO;;l 4~560 255 338 —'_. —- -'— _.— 81.165 10 2,484 30 199.iI6 2,024 11.420 8,514: 781,4" —-'–'-1— — 14,942.523 3,641,585 2.330 258 115 751 2.475 3. West Indies, Cen- tral and South i America 11I u: Six Societies actu"ally doing work in 51 , 43 152 35 …. : 47 7,013 87 11.$U -fmOln'eiginmmcoigurnatnrtises . or among • hea· 17,291 36,282i 58….. . …. 515 550 702 80 198 I – – = = __1–_- ••. .••.•.. …• , I =~====~==~=——–= = —.=j~ –[– I I : ' I II~REAT BRITAIN 1. England I I i 1 ii- India, Ceyion, China, Delgian and-P~rt~guese Kongo, Jamaica, Europe (2).

Daptist Missionary Society (includ· 509,465 34.451 191 (20) (3) 4 142 122 I". '459 41 1,204 1,245 1,704 81· 1.143 •••• 1 22.970 44,000 1,881 15,210 327 145 32,385 11 21 ing Zenana Mission)…………. 1792 1,639 54 52 1 / ….. . 88.019 …… 1.275 Other Baptist Societies…..••….• 36.047 3,572: 7 4 18 8 '109 117! 135 6 42 6f 824 3,500 81 48 I 2.793 1.640 Christian Missions in Many Lands. 1836 136.262 10.880 Propagation Society (S. P. G.)§…. 1701 1,035.619 2~~:~~~1 490 I •.••j 3.200 8 India. Ch.ina. Spain, llalaysia, Angola. Northern Rhodesia, Belgian Kongo, West Indies" .I ….. 14 Argentina. etc. 6 220 180 100 "507 ~5~ ·1 . ••.•• • .. ·.. 507 15;;~~1 .~: .;~~, '8'8:;;~ 160f ……. III 1.961 104 Ind.ia. China, Japan. Malay~ia. AfJ:ic4l, West_Indies, etc., etc. Total, 32. 9 822 252 24 28 2ii 3,041 3,294: 4,116 543 159,574 •••••• 6,797 31,433 1' 50 71,500 22 20 28 460 Church Society (C. M. S.)……… 1799 1.829.413 25,892 1 403 63 27 62 385 404 1.344 428 8,788 9.216: 10,560 556 4.2.30 •••• 1113,447 358,855 404,451 ''If,449 1.,816 45,596 2,066 193,117 54 102 1.243,809 Africa (4), Egypt and Sudan. Palestine Arabia India (7). Ceylon, Mauritius. Chin., South American Miss. Society…… 1844 76.443 3.039 (5), Japan (3), America (2). ',' Jerusalem and the East………… 1888 41.495 (2~ J 2:::. :::::: ~,…. 1 125.000 2 Brazil, Uruguay, Paraguay, Argentina, Chile. Universities Mission *. …… . . .. . .. 1858 261,434 2 (17) 22,946 :: 15 2: 2 9 : : 4: 4:i :: Palestine, Syria; Egypt. – Zenana Miss. Society (Ch. of Engl.). 1880 1 ~~:~~~i 35 1,~:: I,;;; 27 50 3:: ::: 23 : 8:~~~ 2:: 1 32.307 .,…. ….. 238 5.359 3 6 Nyasaland, German East Africa, Zan-zibar. 280 : : : : ,I .. ~ ….. 13,595 23 40 329,000 India. Ceylori, China.

1.051,1 ····1 119 Seven Other Church of Engl. Soc .. 70.200 22 2 41 71 120 1 1 9 1 , 5 2 ; l 8 ."f •••• 43 Friends' Foreign Miss. Ass……… 1868 162J755 15,763 4 2 40 39 27 112 1,258 ~I 1 258' 1,370 29 67 200 1 -3.385 20,493 J. … 233 10,017 19 1.640 129 4,966 10 11.H2 India, Ceylon, Madagascar, Syria, China. 50 • 12 1 East Af~iea. 57i ····r … i ', 1 ., ….. 125 21 J•••• , Friends' Antislavery (Pemba Ind.). 1896 14.200 ······1 5 2 2 9 "" ::::1 80 Primitive Methodist … ~. .. .• .• . ••• 1842 …. 55 54,045 10,0001 29 20 Ja 68 2,809 Silo i 200 60 '3.000 .• Z 20 1,000 Western, Sou·thern arid Central Africa.

1 603 109' 10,411 136 United Methodist ……………•. 1857 74.973 15,531 1 22 26 5 59 29 629 658: 717 346 236 387i 16,688 '"' .1 6.531 5 325 129 3,598 5 55,000. China (4),- Eastern and Western Africa. Wesleyan Methodi.t·………….. 1813 1 795,757 1.044.425 319 19 185 12 535 301 5.134 5,435, 5,970 620 3.416 ..•. 140.671 259.029 1.836 116,147 West .Africa (3), South Africa (2), India Ceylon, Burma, Chiila, Vcst Indies (5),' 4.081 14 South and Central America, (5). • 1 1 is 602 521' 28.000i 28 Presbyterian Church of England…. 1847 173,070 16 (4) 30 34 113 49 432 481:, 594 602 133 11,286 8,859 ." .. ~ ····1I 49 1,567 7 256 193 160,086 China, Formosa, India, Straits Settlements.

······1 British -and Foreign Bible Society… 1804 1,255,606 18 14 32 1.700 1.700 1,732 All countries, excepting U. S. A., Norway, Sweden and Denmark.

British Syrian Mission *. . …. . . . … 1860 30,992 7.513 20 20 '87 87 1 107 8 27 23 801 2 119 40 3,339 2 Syria. 6,717 Chi~ (7), Japan. *……….. , China Inland Mission ! 618 26.354 14.029, 1.893 308 6 50 1865 365,688 85.457 386 (18) (2) 271 352 1.009 21 2.153 2.174, 3.183 221 871 Egypt General Mission…………. 1897 16,015 4.535 4 19 32 :22 54 6 1 ····1 ……. ·1···· •••• 1 4 200 7 341 1 3 •••••. , Egypt. . ……. ····1····· English Council. Y. M. C. A……. 18QO 18.169 13 8 21 21 8 7 ·i···· :~~ ···;I···~~ 27 ······1 India, Burma, Malaysia, China, Palestine, Egypt~ British East Africa.

India Christian Literature Soc.*…. 1858 60,202 2 .J 6 191 191: 1~7 2 39 .1….. •••. i 898 India. Kurku and Central Indian Hill Miss. 1890 12,369 3,938 '21 8 7 8 23 1 45 7 2 8 175 102 550 20 ….. , 10 3 80 1 6,572 India. '15 7.22603 5.815 22' 1 . "'1'I S'8".3'0'6' …. : 1,865 ~~'.;;~ 1:;~~I' 8'2',~;~ 1 1 ……. Syria. . 123 ,1',9'3'3' 11 Lebanon Hospital for Insane .•….• 1896 7,000 10.418 2 I 5· 22 1 82 ::::1 320.226 8 181 ,60 London Society (L. M. S.)……… 1795 797,195 218.596 167 32 88 482 966 6.-/81"1"1,' 109 .)"'" 62 34 442,158 India _(3), Chinal Africa, J.Iadagascar. West Indjes, Polynesia (7). 11 200 2 12 •…• , North Afri~a (5). North Africa Mission………….. 1881 42.080 II 18 34'60' 22! 17 1 2: 93 , 20 950 11 20 3 60 1 Regions Beyond Miss. Union *…… 1899 90.000 22 9 49 12 46 '10': 188 3.150 ! ••…••••. 1 …. . 69 2,113 9 ••…• Central Africa (Kongo), India.

Salvation Army:]:……………… 1865 2.494 2.499 4.380 4,380i 6.879 3,118 . .•• ····1· …•• …. i 54~ …… ····1····· 12.384 151 …. . 481 ll.825 4 21,402 South Africa, Dutch East Indies. India, Ceylon, Japan, Korea, W('st Indies. 22 South Africa Gene.'al Mi.sion t….. 1889 62.470 12 15 24 ~ 81 78 78i 159 30…. 221 948 306 5,000 •••• i 659 1 •••••• 1 South Africa (5), Southern Central Africa. Portugu~se East Africa.

Sudan l'nited Mission t………… 1904 40,480 11 4 27 'I 1, 28 7 1 I 12 20 8 :::::: .. '~I";;; 7 5 •••••. 1 Western Africa. 103.815 10 ·f·· . 51 Zenana Bible and Medical Mission.. 1852 44.149 113 123 268 268 1 391 25 15 :::: …•.. 2,744 5 10 96,600 India (4).

_~._2~ -m 1.672 9.4U 4s:9s3 —'- s:«s 241:au 1.919..S3l2.2i7 2.2Oi 2.130 37:m 6.807 2,641/517.485 -=–:.:.:..:.: 141.992 103.480 13 156 Tw.nty.fottr Other English Societies 84 51 97 255 ., 458 459 1 714 96 114 115 2,987 6,990 13,; 1,655 142 7.280 5 18 Total.. ….. ………………. 13.092 -si 3,OgO ~—– I' .. No recent statistics available. 39.5i71 806,220 843.136 25,560 31.1551 87.430 2.014i 92,454 -7-,9-1-0 -48-3-,5-9-0 -23-6 -34-8 ••…. 1 _ § Exc1usive of stahshcs for Am:~rl~1 a and stahstlcs not complete from fie-ld=s. -=,-====~~===,~=~=~~=~;;,~=====:===================–===~=—=~.:=:.-=–====-::.–:-~=– _. – -: + — t Statistics for Hawaii~ Porto Rico, Alaska and Phi1ippine~ are, not included. An mternatlOnal socIety•

Missionary

~ of the World ~ VOL. XXXVI. No.1 JANUARY, 1913 VOL. XXVI. No.1 Old Series New Series Signs of the· Times SOME SIGNIFICANT SIGNS OF First Protestant Indian Bishop. PROGRESS IN 1912 Signs of the breaking of the power DEFEAT of the Moslem power in of caste. Congress of all religions in India. Europe by the Balkan Allies. Growing power of Christian Educa- Control. of Tripoli by Italy. Division of control over Morocco tion in India.

between Spain and France. Japan and Malaysia Strengthening of work for Moslems Conference of religions in Japan. in Egypt. Fortitude of Korean Christians under Remarkable progress of the Gospel in Japanese accusations. 'Kamerun,West Africa. Progress of Christianity among. Mos- Growth of the Christian Church III lems in Malaysia. British Central Africa. Progress toward Christian Union in Europe South Africa. Greater Religious Liberty In the new Republic of Portugal. China Opening of Pastor Fetler's Baptist Leadership of Christians in the Chi- Hall in St. Petersburg. nese Republic. Anti-Clerical Revolt in Belgium. Religious awakenings in Western Conference of Missionary Societies China. in Great Britain. Increased demand for Christian Edu- cation in China. America Growth of Union Missionary work Men and Religion Campaign In in China. America.

Progress of moral and social reforms Federal Council of Protestant Church- in China. es, Chicago.

India Meeting of the Continuation Commit- tee of the Edinburgh Conference- Encouraging awakenings among the at Lake Mohonk. Telugus of India. Missionary Tour of John R. Matt Consecration of V. S. Azariah as and Sherwood Eddy.

The editors seek to preserve accuracy and to manifest the spirit of Christ in the pages of this RE.VIEW, but 40 not acknowledge responsibility for opinions exprest, nor for positions taken by' con~ tributorS of signed articles in these page•.-EDITORS. .

MISSIONARY FIGURES FOR 1912 of Statistics than we have now. No effort has been made to fill out blank (Sec insert facing page x) spaces by estimates of any kind. iVherever the reports furnished no THE Statistical Table of Protestant figures, and wherever the secretaries Foreign Missionary Societies of reported personally "no information at hand," the writer simply left a blank the World for 1912 has been built space, thinking that the discerning entirely anew. It includes only the reader would rather have blank actual Foreign Missionary Work of spaces than mere estimates. The Protestant Foreign Missionary So- main columns pertaining to Incomes cieties throughout the earth, an at- and to the number of Foreign Mistempt having been made to report sionaries and Native Workers, and to only that part of the work of the Stations, Hospitals, and Dispensaries, societies which, after careful inves- will be found perfect, while those in tigation, was found to be "Foreign regard to Schools, Communicants, Work." Thus, for instance, the great etc., show more or less numerous work of the Canadian Methodists blank spaces this year. In leaving among the Indians of the Canadian these blank spaces, the writer has fol- Northwest has not been counted; nor lowed the example of The World has the work of the five societies Atlas of Missions. with headquarters in Spain and Italy, which receive their support from Inasmuch as the tables this year Great Britain and America. These have been prepared on a little differare only doing that which in the real ent basis from that followed in forsense of the word must be called mer years; we have omitted the usual "Home Missionary Work." comparison with the figures published one, five and ten years ago. We can, The tables have been prepared with however, note the following facts:- all possible care. Every society throughout the earth was requested to The table shows a healthy increase send its latest report to the compiler, of missionary activity throughout the who made a careful study of the re- earth.. It reveals growing liberality ports, and, after having gathered from of the Christian forces. A greater each report the figures, submitted number of men and women are willthem to the secretaries of the societies. ing to go out into the field, and the The great majority of the societies re- increasing numbers of converts and sponded at once with the latest re- communicants and of the pupils in ports (those who did not are marked the missionary schools prove clearly that the Spirit of the Lord is at + with a cross in the table), and the work, and the seed sown is bringing forth fruit abundant unto Eternal busy secretaries cooperated in a Life, but, at the same time, a glance splendid manner with the writer, for at the table shows that after all only which cooperation he hereby renders a small part of the work which ought his heartiest thanks. A considerable to be done by the Christian Church number of the secretaries have asked among the multitudes of· non-Chrisfor blanks that they may be able to tians throughout the earth is being secure from the field better information for next year's statistics. Thus we are quite sure that next year we will have a still more complete Table

OF THE TIMES

performed, and that prayer should be hospital in Konia and other mlsslonmade without ceasing that. the Lord stations make similar complaints. stir up His Church to greater zeal, to greater activity, to greater liberality In spite of Government opposition, and to greater consecration in the however, the people of Turkey have service of the Master. been welcoming, more than ever, the opportunities offered by Christian THE OUTLOOK IN TURKEY mIssIons. There are more Moslems in the college at Beirut, altho attend- WITHOUT doubt one of the ance at Bible-classes and chapel wor- ship is strictly enforced. Turks and most significant events of the' Kurds are attending mission-schools in large numbers; many hundreds of year in its influence on the kingdom Bibles and Testaments are being sold to Moslems-in the city of 'Kania of God is the war of Greece and the (Ancient Iconium) alone I,500 were sold to Moslems in the last 12 Balkan Kings against the Turk in months. The influence of Protestant schools and colleges is being more Europe. This subject is dealt with widely recognized and after the pres- ent war is over we believe that they more fully elsewhere in this number will be more than ever patronized by <JJI sects. Temptations will come to and we here call attention to only one the Christian because of increased lib- erty and opportunity to secure wealth or two salient facts. aThbearrTieurrkanhdas~ and advancement in the State. With for many years, been enucation also may come growing self-sufficiency and rationalism-almenace to Christianity. Oppression, ready it has begun to creep into Prot- estant pulpits-followed by infidelity bribery, persecution, massacre have in the pew. The faith of Moslems in their prophet and in the Koran is characterized the Ottoman dealing being shaken; will the faith in Jesus Christ, the Son of God, take its place? with Christians, so that the prayer Imans and Mullahs are calling down curses in vain on those who disreg~rd of missionaries has been that God tradition and sacred law; will rever- ence for the law of God as revealed would "turn and overturn" fhe evil in the Bible take the place of that which is discarded? The day of rule of the Sultan's Government. opportunity is dawning. Will the Christian Church be ready to take ad- This prayer has been abundantly an- vantage of it?

swered in the uprising of the Young IA YEAR OF THE REPUBLIC IN CHINA N October the republic of China had Turks and now in the victories of been in existence for a year, altho it has not yet been "recognized" and the Balkan armies. We can not doubt that God has in view great and bless- ed changes that will come out of this terrible bloodshed. The Ottoman Empire is suffering for the misdeeds of centuries~ and out of the trouble and turmoil the hand of God is sure- ly working out beneficent results.

In spite of the promises of relig- ious freedom given by the reform government it has been as difficult as ever to obtain permission to estab- lish Christian institutions; .open-air Protestant meetings were stopt in Oesarea, the Syrian Protestant Col- lege in Beirut has been denied per- mission to take over purchased prop- erty for church or school use; per- mission was also refused to build a

many predicted that it would not last Chinese hitherto untouched by Chris- six months, probably not six weeks. tian influences are moved to inquire At the expiration of a year from the what Christianity is. The Y. M. C.

declaration of a "republic" the men A. student summer conferences, fol- who began the work and who put it lowed up by other methods later in through are still to the front. Dr. the year, are interesting incidents of Sun Yat Sen (Sun Wen, or Sun this enlightening process. The Chi- Chung Shan) unquestionably did nese churches tend more and more more than any other single individual to call themselves "independent," but to bring about this mighty change. the meaning of this term is by no He has given himself with energy to means as yet clear even to them- the task of traveling through China, selves. The great question is whether studying its conditions and its needs, these bodies are able to stand for a and by his presence, his stirring ad- positive faith, and to maintain true dresses and his earnest private ex- Christian standards among their hortations doing a great work of uni- members.

fication. Dr. Sun is an avowed so- While perhaps the republic is not cialist, a specialist in economic re- assured, it is on its feet, and shows forms, and is enthusiastic in regard its ability to remain there indefinitely.

,to the necessity for a vast network of The capacity of the Chinese people is railways to overspread all China.. unlimited both for government and The National Assembly has risen for social order.-A. H. Smith.

to its duties in a way which no most ardent friend of China would have HALF A CENTURY IN SUMATRA ventured to predict. It attacks ques- FIFTY years ag-o, on October 7, tions of the utmost intricacy and diffi- 1861, four Christian men coun- culty with an offhand air of extreme seled together concerning the work of confidence. As an avenue for accom- God in the highlands of Si Pirok, on plishing things the National Assembly the island of Sumatra. Two, Klam- leaves the American Congress out of mer and Heine, were messengers of sight. the Rhenish Missionary Society; Betz The national system of education, and Van Asselt were missionaries of a much interrupted by the revolution, is Dutch Society, but ready to aid the om.e more in operation, with ideals Rhenish missionaries in the new great which are gradually becominge1e- task of taking the Gospel to the vated, but with resources which prob- Bataks. This was the first conference ably bear no relation to the magni- of Rhenish missionaries that marked tude of the vast task to be under- the opening of the first mission upon taken. Sumatra. '

It is the general testimony that the Fifty years have passed and a flour- Chinese .are now more open-minded ishing native Church has arisen among toward religion than at any previous the Bataks. Her members number period within foreign experiences. 103,000, and out of her have come 29 This does not mean a readiness to ordained ministers and 659 missionary accept foreign dogmas or to accept teachers and helpers. The one station anything, but it means that classes of of fifty years ago has grown to 41

O.F THE TIMES

mIssIonary centers and 432 out-sta- sion upon the community was pro- tions, upon which 55 European mis- duced. (See illustration on page 30.) sionaries are at work, while 27,500 The General Assembly of Korea Batak children are pupils of the 494 consists of 7 Presbyteries, and these missionary schools. A great training Presbyteries contain some of the lar- school for native evangelists and gest Presbyterian churches in the teachers and a well-appointed hospital world.

stand in the valley of Si Lidung, and The Assembly decided to undertake on the shore of Lake Toba have been missionary work among the Chinese, erected a large asylum for unfortu- thus launching out on a distinct for- nate and helpless lepers and an ex- eign-mission enterprize. The plan is tensive industrial school and printing- to secure a definite field (probably office. To the south the natives in North China) and establish a sta- brought to Christ through the instru- tion there. The work, however, will mentality of the Rhenish missionaries not be started until a sufficient sum is are successfully opposing the threat- on hand to pay the expenses and it ened progress of Islam, while to the was proposed to begin the raising of north district after district is opening money on November 12th, which is up into the preaching of the Gospel. a sort of Korean Thanksgiving Day.

The forerunners of the Rhenish The Presbyterian churches were missionaries in the work among the asked to take a special offering for Bataks were two American mission- foreign missions on their Thanksaries, Munson and Lyman, who came giving Day.

to the island in 1834, but soon fell vic- IN INDIA-THE CHRISTIAN CON. tims to the cannibalism of natives. GRESS THE FIRST GENERAL ASSEMBLY IN CONFERENCES and cooperation among Christian workers have I KOREA T was a noteworthy event in the come to be a recognized order of pro- history of Christianity in Korea cedure. There are interdenomi- on when the first General Assembly of national and international conferences the Presbyterian Church convened religion, on missionary policy, on Sunday, September I, 1'912; II8 pas- division of territory and on educa- tors (including 50 foreign mission- tional work. Such meetings are ta- aries) and 123 elders were present. king place in Africa, Japan, China, Dr. H. G. Underwood was elected as and elsewhere. Last October there the first moderator, and Rev. Kil were ten sections of the Christian Moksa, of Pyeng-Yang, vice-modera- Church in India that united in an tor. Indian Christian congress, held in One of the striking features of the Madras. The speakers included min- first Sunday session of the Assembly isters and missionaries and laymen.

was an open-air meeting, consisting In the evening meetings the Lord's of the missionaries, the members of Prayer was expounded by 12 Euro- the Presbyterian church at Pyeng- pean and Indian teachers. Five hun- Yang, and visitors. . Three or four dred believers united in a Commu- thousand persons were present at this nion service, in which ministers of 8 service and a most profound impres- different churches took part. This

Congress (which has been held an- tant denominations. Various bodies of nually for 25 years) proves an lll- Baptists, Congregationalists, Methodspiring time of fellowship and in- ists and Presbyterians have already struction, as natives and European united in their own families, and Christians unite in the worship of nine years ago the Congregational, their one Lord. This. Congress is Methodist and Presbyterian Churches doing much to break down denomi- appointed committees to consider ornational barriers on the mission-field. ganic union, and these committees re- ported favorably and prepared a basis RELIGIOUS LIBERTY FOR for union. The Baptists remained apart on account of close Communion, T MADAGASCAR and the Church of England because HE French Government has of emphasis on the "historic Episco- adopted a decree for the regu- pate." lation of public worship in Madagascar which will, in the opinion of The basis of Union consists of 19 friends. of religious liberty in France articles not so much as a hard and who have seen it, constitute an im- fast creed as. a general basis of agreeportant advance in the direction of ment. The Methodist and Congregareligious liberty. The decree has not tional bodies have already voted in yet been officially published, but will favor of union. The Presbyterians appear shortly in the Journal Of- showed a minority of about one-third {iciel. While it does not fully satisfy against union on the basis proposed, the wishes of our friends, it has been and the committee therefore deterframed, we are assured, in a liberal mined that it is not practical at presspirit. The decree puts an end to the ent. The Assembly last June dearbitrary regime which has hitherto clared in favor of union, but deemed prevailed in Madagascar, and having it unwise to consummate it immebeen adopted by the ConseiI d'Etat diately. Recently three theological in Paris, it will, as soon as it is pro- colleges in Montreal have united in a mulgated, become a legislative enact- joint session; Presbyterians and ment of the highest authority, which Methodists are planning a similar it will be impossible for any illiberal step in Winnepeg and in Toronto and governor-general to set aside. On Vancouver. A Union hymn-book is the other hand, there is not likely to proposed. If the three denominations be serious difficulty in obtaining any unite the result will be a membership amendments which experience may of over 600,000 as opposed to the prove to be necessary in order to 200,000 Anglicans and the 135,000 carry out the intentions of the legis- Baptists. Canada is in a marked delature-in this case the weighty body gree a Christian country. Rev. Wm. of French jurists known as the Con- T. Gl1nn, general secretary of the seil d'Etat. Congregational Union, reports that there is not a place of 150 inhabit- PROGRESS TOWARD UNION IN ants where Christ is not preached. CANADA The great task for the future is the education of the large immigrant C ANADA has taken the lead in population.

active measures looking toward the closer cooperation and union among at least three of the Protes- ( A -;: :~ lQ04"'OR l' J) J A N 0 a J: A N •,1-1——–1——-.;: 111111 shonlllg til ..

1—– 'i:""———- • PRESENT EXTENT or ISLAM Loogllt;de HI; l~u'luli of III Illel..-al Ilh..lun 8tlllluII8 to l'cllt'1i l!uslf'DlS Moslem Pop. under Chri,lian P.ule" ____ ~ Moslem Pop, undel Yoslenl Rulers .• __ ._~ Pagan Tribes ___________ j("-';'~":.1 Direction of Moslem Advance —- – ____ I.utrrom G'~n . . 'cb •• ,.0 P''''(ip.' M"'lon Sllllcns ________ • Bomb., [.

Ora n for the Mi",-;,:UI13r)' Re"jcw of the Wurld MAP TO ACCOMPANY ARTICLE BY DR. S. M. ZWEM ER (Page 7) The Moslems in China are more scattered than the map repre sents and are n ot . ~f course. under Chri stia n S2'ovprnm p:nt. All th e terr itory where I slam prevails in North Afri ca and m ost of that in AS ia , now under n omit1al Chr istian r u lers , was f ormerly nnde r Moslem ,·ulel's. llersi n is practicall y control1 e d by Rus sia. I sla m ha s al so lost poweJ" in Southern Eurone.

MECCA-CONSTANTINOPLE-CAIRO

THREE STRATEGIC CENTERS OF THE MOSLEM WORLD BY REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D.D., CAIRO, EGYPT. Author of "Arabia, the Crad1e of Islam," liThe Moslem World," "Islam," etc.

HE unity of the Moslem Moslem empire. It is the heart of Islam. Cairo is the head, where re- IITI world is recognized to- ligious thought and education, con- day as never before, by troversy and Moslem propagandism through the press have their real cen- the secular press, by students of Islam, by , the Christian Church in ter. And Constantinople has, since its mIssIonary councils, and by Mos- the Ottoman Turks made it their lems themselves. The most vivid capital, been the hand of Islam, the illustration, however, of this unity is center of its political power and also, found in the present-day importance alas! of grievous political persecution.

and influence of the three great capi- Mecca-The Religious Capital tals of the Moslem world which knit together, by the warp and woof of 1. Mecca is not only the religious their cosmopolitan influence, the capital of the cradle of the Moslem whole. Mecca, Constantinople and faith and the birthplace of their Cairo stand out supreme as cen- prophet, but it is the central shrine of ters of influence to-day. Every Mos- Islam, toward which for centuries lem throughout the world, even at the prayers and pilgrimages have gravi- uttermost extremities of the vast tated. The whole Old Testament brotherhood, as, for example, those narrative as it is given in distorted who are in Japan or in China, has form, both in the Koran and in tradi- personal relations almost daily with tion, finds in Mecca its real environ- these three cities. He stretches his ment. Adam and Eve met each other prayer carpet toward Mecca; he prays at Mt. Arafah. Eve lies buried at on Fridays, not for his own local Jiddah. God himself appointed the sovereign or ruler, but for the caliph p1<lce for the Kaaba, and the stone is of Stamboul; and the chances are that still sacred on which Abraham stood if he reads the Koran, it bears on its when he erected the building!

title-page the imprint of Cairo. His The importance of Mecca is not in hope for salvation culminates in a its stationary population of scarcely pilgrimage to Mecca; his hope for vic- 60,000, but in the number of pilgrims tory over the unbelievers who oppress from every nation of Islam that visit Moslems, and for whom the day of ii: every year. Statistics are hopelessly vengeance will come, is in the great contradictory and confusing as re- Rajah of Constantinople; and his hope gards the number of those who visit to succeed in worsting his Christian the city annually. According to Turk- opponents by arguments, is fostered by ish official estimates in 1907, there the productions of the Cairo press. were no less than 281,000 pilgrims.

Mecca has not lost its importance with Their coming is an index of the -the passing of the centuries, but is growth .and strength of Islam, and more than _ever a city. whose p'ulse their retu-rn from Mecca to their throbs with a religious life that finds native villages in Java, Bengal, West an outlet to the farthest limits of the Africa, Cape Colony and Russia,

means the advent of fanatical am- ter to which his followers should gather, and hence he reasserted the bassadors of the greatness and glory sanctity of the Black Stone that 'came down from heaven;' he oro£ their faith, however much they dained that everywhere throughout the world the Moslem should pray lookmay have been disappointed in the ing toward the Kaaba, and enjoined him to make the pilgrimage thither. actual condition of the city and of the Mecca is to the Mosl-em what Jeru- salem is to the Jew. It bears with it Kaaba. When we consider Mecca, all the influence of centuries of as- sociations. It carries the Moslem back Mohammed's words of prophecy in to the cradle of his faith and the child- hood of his prophet.. . And, the second chapter of his book seem most of all, it bids him remember that all his brother Moslems are worship- 'to have been literally fulfilled: "So ing toward the same sacred spot; that he is one of a great company of we have made you the center of the believers united by one faith, filled with the same hopes, reverencing the nations that you should bear witness same thing, worship1ng the same God." to men." The old pagan pantheon The question of the occupation of has become the religious sanctua~y Mecca as a center for Christian mis- sions may well stagger our faith when and the goal of universal pilgrimage we consider at what tremendous cost the city w.as unveiled by intrepid for one-seventh of the human race. travelers. Augustus Ralli has recently given us a book under the striking title From Sierra Leone to Canton, and of "Christians at Mecca," in which he tells the story of all those Christian from Tobolsk to Cape Town, the pilgrims who, either in disguise or by abandoning their faith, or in one or faithful spread their prayer carpets, two cases, under compulsion, reached the sacred city. From Bartema, Wild build their houses (in fufillment of an and Joseph Pitts to Burton, Burck- hardt, Hurgronje and Courtellemont, important tradition, even their out- they took their lives in their hands, herded with strange companions, unhouses!) and bury their dead toward derwent untold hardships, and by luck or pluck came scathless out of this the meridian of Mecca. Seen from lion's den of Islam. According to Doughty, scarcely a pilgrimage takes. an aeroplane, there' would be con- place without some persons being put to death as intruded Christians. An centric circles of living worshipers educated and pious Moslem here in covering an ever-widening area and one would also see stretched ont vast areas of Moslem cemeteries with every grave built toward the sacred city.

Well may we ponder the words of Stanley Lane-Poole as to the place which Mecca and the pilgrimage hold in the Moslem faith. Have they not a special significance at this day when we speak of the strategic occupation of the world for its evangelization?

He wrote: "Is it asked how the destroyer of idols could have recon- ciled his conscience to the circuits of the Kaaba and the veneration of the Black Stone covered with adoring kisses? The rites of the pilgrimage can not certainly be defended against the charge of superstition; but it is easy to see why Mohammt;d enjoined them. . He well knew the consolidating effect of forming a cen-

MECCA-CONSTANTINOPLE-CAIRO

A GENERAL VIEW OF MECCA AND THE KAABA-fHE MOSLEM "lIOLY OF HOLIES"

What J erusalem and Palestine are to Christendom this. and vastly more, Mecca and Arabia are to the Mohammedan world. Not only is this land the cradle of their religion and the birthplace of their prophet, the shrine toward which, for centuries, prayers and pilgrimage have gravItated; but Arabia is also, according to universal Moslem tradition, the original home of Adam after the fa.ll, and the home of all the older patriarchs. Here Allah constructed for them a tabernacle, on the site of the present Kaaba. H e put in its foundatIon the famous stone once whiter than snow, but since turned black by the sins of pilgrimst In proof of these statements trav'elers are shown ,the Black Stone at M,ecca and the tomb of Eve near Jiddah. Mecca lies in a hot sandy valley absolutely without verdure and surrounded by rocky barren hills, destitute of trees or even shrubs. The valIey is about 300 feet wide and 4,000 feet long, and slopes toward the south. The Kaaba (or Beit Allah) is located in the bed of the vaHey and all the streets slope toward -it. so that it is almost closed in on every side by houses and watts, and stands as .it were in the pit of the theater. The Sacred Mosque (Mesjid el Haram) containing the Kaaba, is the prayer·center of the Mohammedan world and the objective point of thousands of pilgrims every year. According to Moslem writers it was first constructed in heaven, 2,000 years before the crea· tion of the world. Adam. the first man, built the Kaaba on earth exactly under the spot occupied by its perfect -model in heaven. The 10,000 angels appointed to guard tbis bouse of God seem to have been very remiss in their duty, for it has often suffered at the hands of men and from the elements. It was destroyed by the flood and rebuilt by Ishmael and Abraham. The name Kaaba means a cube; but the building is not built true to line and is in fact an unequal trapezium. Because of its location in a hollow and its black-cloth covering (the yearly gift of pilgrims) these inequalities are not 'apparent to the eye. The Kaaba proper stands in an oblong space 250 paces long by 200 broad. This open space is surrounded by collonnades used for schools and as ,the general rendezvous of pilgrims. It is in turn surrounded. by the outer temple wall with its 19 gates and 6 minarets. The Sacred Mosque and its Kaaba contain the following treasures: the Black Stone, the well of Zemzem, the great pulpit, the staircase, and the two small mosques of Saab and Abbas. The Black Stone is undOUbtedly the olde.t treasure of Mecca.

Cairo assured me only a few days ago surely waiting for some one to go to that when he went on pilgrimage and this great city and to stand amid its took pictures of the city, his life was hundred thousand pilgrims and point endangered more than once by the them away from the reeking shambles fanaticism of the inhabitants. How- of their yearly sacrifice to the Lamb ever, there are many who believe that of God that taketh away the sin of the the opening of the Hedjaz Railway, es- world; away from the well of Zempecially as a branch is to be carried to zem to the Water of Life! Jiddah, and the gradual breaking up of Turkish power in Arabia, may mean Constantinople-the Political Capital tte removal of restrictions against non-Moslems. II. Constantinople by its very location on the Bosphorus, facing two Mecca is a challenge to faith and to continents and two great civilizations, Christian heroism. If it were an is- will always be of political and comland in the South Seas with a similar mercial importance. In view of the population and annual pilgrimage, how wonderful events that are transpilong would the church wait for men ring as we write these lines, the words like Paton, Chalmers or Williams to of Sir William Ramsay concerning enter fearlessly, even tho it shouln this great capital of Islam seem alcost life? No one who has read the most prophetic: "Constantinople is account of social life at Mecca, as the center about which history regiven by Hurgronje, and corroboraten volves. It is the bridge that binds by every recent traveler, can doubt the East to the West, the old to the the utter need of this city for the new civilization, which must be Gospel. Mecca is the microcosm of Is'- brought into harmony before the cullam in its religious life and aspirations. mination of all civilization can appear, According to Hurgronje, "it is Islam, bringing peace on earth and goodthe official religion, which brings to- will toward men." gether and amalgamates all the heterogeneous constituents of Mec- Founded by Constantine and beaucan life. On the other hand this tified by Justinian, the old city repsociety itself welds into a chaotic represented visibly the overthrow of whole the prejudices and supersti- paganism and the triumph of Christions of all countries." In other tianity. The great church of St. words, Mecca is the sink-hole of Sophia was literally built by stripping Islam. All witnesses agree on the the glory from heathen temples fC.r flagrant immorality which pervades and near, and yet that very church the streets and even the mosque of has for centuries since the fall of the sacred city, on the prevalence of Constantinople in 1453 also symbolthe slave trade, on the fleecing of ized the conquest of Oriental Christipilgrims, and the corruption of the anity by Islam. Will it soon again local government. If Mecca is the resounn with praises to the Trinity? glory of the Moslem world, they glory in their shame. The Christ It is evident to the student of hiswho wept over Jerusalem and had tory that all other factors which add compassion on the multitudes is to the glory of this metropolis are insignificant in comparison with its political and religious importance in

MECCA-CONSTANTINOPLE-CAIRO

CONSTANTI NOPLE-LOOKI NG ACROSS FROM GALATA . TO STAMBOUL relation to the Moslem world. The Ottoman Empire. To it all the states position of Turkey and of the Otto- of Turkey look for political direction, man Empire is unique among other and representatives from every tribe Moslem countries. For centuries it and race in the empire are found on has stood out as the one great tem- its streets. "As a base for missionary poral power of Islam with laws and operations not only upon Turkey, but usages built upon the book and the upon adjacent countries as well," traditions. of the prophet. Here is says Dr. Barton, "it is unexcelled. the residence of the caliph, the lmam- A publishing house at Constantinople el-Muslimin, the supreme pontiff of is calculated by its very location to the church state called Islam. Even reach millions who might otherwise at the present day Constantinople and refuse to read what is printed. In its politics are the cynosure of Islam Arabia an Arabic Bible, at first refrom Morocco to the Philippine Is- jected because it is an infidel's book', lands. The fall of Constantinople is later accepted because it bears upon would be interpreted by Moslems its title-page the authoritative pereverywhere .as the dires.t disaster. mission of his Imperial Majesty. As This accounts for the enthusiastic a strategic center for Christian work and almost fanatic response in every calculated directly and indirectly to part of Moslem India to the appeals reach the 200,000,000 who bear the to help the Sultan during the war in name of the prophet of Arabia, there Tripoli and in the Balkan States. is no place that can compare with Constantinople, resting upon two con- Constantinople is the capital of the

tinents and swaying the most mighty in its ignorance; the strength of religious empire on earth." Christianity in Christian education. [he new situation calls for an enor- The population of Constantinople mous expansion of all the present exis given as I ,106,000, but of these isting agencies to win the political scarcely more than one-half are capital of Islam for Christ. Moslems. This fact only emphasizes, however, its importance as a mission- Cairo-The Intellectual Capital ary center. Here the forces of Christianity and Islam, numerically con- III. Cairo, "the victorious," as its sidered, are so nearly balanced that name signifies, is at once the capital the impact of a vital Christianity once of Egypt, the metropolis of all Africa more dominant in the Oriental and the brain center of the Moslem churches would count as nowhere world. With a Moslem population else. And for the past fifty years nearly twice as large as that of Stamit has counted. The late Mr. William boul and larger than that of any other T. Stead once said, "How many city in the world, its influence is American citizens, I wonder, are aware steadily growing, not only throughout that from the slopes of Mt. Ararat North Africa but throughout the all the way to the shores of t.he blue nearer East. Its statistics of popu- L"Egean Sea, American missionaries lation, its architectural monuments, have scattered broadcast over all this educational institutions, municipal distressful land the seed of American government, street cries and street principles? They are here everywhere signs and daily life make evident to teaching, preaching, begetting new life even the casual observer that this is in these Asiatic races." Robert Col- a thoroughly Moslem city. Of the lege, the Bible House at Constanti- fifteen quarters into which the vast nople, the American College for Girls city is divided. there is only one and similar institutions have from this quarter, the Esbekieh, where nonstrategic center sent out, as from a Moslems are in the majority; and yet power-house, currents of life and this quarter contains 13,000 Moslems thought throughout the Moslem world. over against 14,000 Copts. In the But for the adequate occupation of Darb-ul-Ahmar quarter there are 62,- this center, especially face to face 000 Moslems and a non-Moslem popuwith present-day changed conditions lation of only 2,000. Bulaq quarter and unheard-of liberties, the present has 82,000, a city in itself, with a missionary force might well be total !lon-Modem popUlation of only doubled. Can it be true, as Dr. 7,800. The Gemalieh quarter has Dwight asserts. that in place of ap- 50,000 Moslems over against 2,000 plying its tremendous power to the non-Moslems, and the Khalifa quarter problems of these awakening races, has 53,000 Moslems and 1,340 nonthe Christian printing apparatus at Moslems. Saida Zeinab quarter has Constantinople is crippled for lack of over 63,000 Moslems ?nd a non-Mosfunds ?* The strength of Islam lies lem popUlation of only 2,300. The Moslem population of Gizah Mudiri- * See his ch;pter on "A Half-forgotten Agency" hay, close to Cairo, is J 1,900, while in Constantinople and its problems; and also an the number of non-Moslems is less important article on "Cairo as a Center of Islam," in The Moslem World, Volume I, page 229.

MECCA-CO NSTANTINOPLE-CAIRO

A GENER.L VIEW OF CAIRo-THE INTELLECTUAL CENTER OF ISL.M Looking Northwest over the City and the Citadel from Mokarram Hill; Mosque of Sultan Hassan in the foreground. The Nile is seen in the distance.

than 4,000. The total population of capital, whose reputed restlessness in this great world capital is nearly 700,- his tumble-down tomb raised a riot on 000, of which probably 90 per cent. is the streets of Bulaq only a month ago. Mohammedan. Cairo has 206 mosque8, The best book on Moslem home life not counting the smaller ones, and and social institutions still remains among them at least 100 are archi- Lane's "Modern Egyptians," which tectural monuments of' the history and describes every-day life in Cairo. the glory of Islam. In the Khedivial If Mecca is the religious center and Library one can trace the literary his- . Constantinople the political center of tory of the city in priceless MSS. of the Moslem world, Cairo above all the Koran and other books. Away things is its literary center. The from the tourist-infected Esbekieh Earl of Cromer, not withollt reason, and the shopping district of the Le- described the ulema of Cairo as "the vantines, Cairo is still such a Moslem guardians of the citadel of Islam." No city that it is the best place in the other city in the Moslem world has world for the study of Moslem life so many students of Moslem theology and superstitions. Only a stone's and law, or pours out such a flood of throw from the Central Railway sta- Moslem literature as does Cairo. Miltion is the tomb of the famous Weli lions of pages of the Koran in many Madbouli, the patron saint of the and beautiful editions, commentaries

and books of devotion by the hundred med and the old traditions as far as thousand, ten thousand books and possible, to substitute for the Mohamp.amphlets attacking the Christian med of history an idealized prophet. A faith or defending Islam and propa- new commentary to the Koran, which gating its teaching, come ceaselessly is to supersede the old standards, is year after year from the Moslem appearing month by month in a leadpresses of this great center of Moslem ing paper. When the attempts to relearning. Books printed in Cairo are form the Azhar University in its curread by the camp-fires of the Sahara, riculum and administration failed, in the market place of Timbuctoo, there was a great clamor for the under the very shadow of the Kaaba, founding of an Egyptian University and in the bazaars of Bagdad, and to provide at once Arabic and Westare treasured as authorities in the ern learning from a Moslem standmosques of Java, Burma, Cape Town point. According to the testimony of and Canton. There is no speech nor one thoroughly acquainted with the language in the Moslem world where situation, all the government secondthe voice of the Cairo press is not ary and professional schools in Cairo heard. Its line is gone out through are either Moslem or agnostic in their all the earth and its words to the end influence. "The universities, both old of the world. A visitor to the book and new, are centers of Islam and sellers' quarter near El Azhar Uni- under purely Moslem control. Neither versity is soon convinced of the in- in their ethical teaching nor in the tellectual vitality of the Moslem re- lives of their professors is there to ligion. The intellectual readjustment be found a base for the upbuilding which has become necessary in the of Christian, spiritual, moral charminds of all thinking Moslems, be- acter. The students of the secondary cause of the philosophical and social and professional schools are drifting disintegration of Islam through the away from their traditional moorings impact of the West and Christianity, of belief and the restraints of life into is here felt as nowhere else. The unbelief and immorality." currents of thought run contrary and with terrific force. One must read With ,increased intellectual llight Moslem papers to appreciate the and the enormous development of pathos of the situation. Attack and education in recent years, there has counter attack are incessant. The come a flood of literature in French conservatives have as their watch- and in Arabic translation, which is word "Back to Mohammed!" They not only non-Christian and often antihope to reinvigorate the old religion Christian, but in a large degree imby a return to the golden age. The moral and corrupting. The vendors weakness of Islam, they say, is its of this literature are found on every spirit of compromise. This movement street corner, and it is even offered still finds its stronghold in the Azhar for sale on the tramways and at the University in spite of recent attempts railway stations. . This brings us to mention a second at reform. .The progressives, the ad- point in the strategic influence of vocates of a new Islam, are just as Cairo, namely, its journalism. At the anxious to get away from Moham- gateway between the East and the

MECCA-CONSTANTINOPLE-CAIRO

West and on the crossroads of the It is the Gibraltar of the Moslem faith.

commerce of three continents, it is no But Cairo is also becoming a Gib- wonder that Cairo has more than raltar of the Christian faith, not only eighty daily newspapers. In one year for Egypt but for all North Africa.

(1909) 25,169,000 newspapers and The splendid work of the American periodicals passed through the Egyp- Mission in the Nile Villey is known tian mail, and of these more than to every student of missions. The 2,500,000 copies went from Egypt into wonderful results of their educational other Moslem lands. Of the dailies policy, the establishment of a strong thirty-nine are published in Arabic. evangelical church, so that the census There are seventeen Arabic literary of 1907 showed 25,000 Protestants, reviews, three judicial periodicals, the revival of the Coptic Church, three medical journals, two women's and the well-known fact that Chris- journals, and eleven Moslem maga- tians of Egypt, intellectually, socially zines devoted to religion. One of the and morally, are head and shoulders most influential dailies, the 'A lam, above the Moslem popu!ation,-all has just been supprest by the govern- these together prove the strategic im- ment for indulging in criticism of portance of Cairo as a missionary Turkish and British rule. It was be- center. Cairo is to be the seat of the lieved to have a circulation of at least future Christian university for the 15,000 copies daily, probably the big- Nile Valley. Men of vision are al- gest of any Arabic paper in the ready laying its foundations in faith.

world. In Cairo the Church Missionary So- If, as some suppose, the dervish ciety, the American Mission, the orders and Sufiism are the real Bible Societies and other agencies are strength of Islam among the masses, working in perfect harmony for the then also Cairo holds perhaps the first strategic occupation of the city.

rank as a Moslem city, for since the Last, but not least, the Nile Mis- decay of temporal power in the Mos- sion Press must be mentioned. Es- lem world, all the various dervish fra- tablished in 1905 for the purpose of ternities have their centers here, as producing and distributing religious has been shown by the investigations books and magazines in Arabic, and of Depont and Coppolani in the strik- preparing special literature for Mos- ing may which accompanies their lems the world over, the Press has book.* grown with startling rapidity, and has The intellectual revival in Egypt,- more than fulfilled the hopes of its therefore, the spread of education, founders. What better proof can be the freedom of the press under the given that Cairo is the intellectual British Occupation, and the increased center of Islam not only, but for use of Arabic and the Arabic char- reaching Moslems, than this eloquent acter throughout all North Africa, list of countries which purchased have facilitated the propagandism of Arabic literature from the Nile Mis- Islam from Cairo as a center, and sion Press for Moslems last year?- emphasizes its growing importance. Kameruns, Lagos, South Nigeria, * Les Confreries Religeuses Musulmans, Algiers, North Nigeria, Hausaland, Morocco, ,897. Algeria, Tunisia, Tripoli, Egypt,

Egyptian Sudan, German Ea st A{rica, hypocrisies, its hatred of the Christ, British East Africa, Nyasaland, remind us of what Luke · records; Transvaal, Natal, Cape Colony, Tur- "When He drew nigh, He saw the key in Europe, Russia in Europe, city and wept over it;" while some of Russia in Asia, Asia Minor, Cyprus, us who are working here in Cairo, Syria, Palestine, Arabia, Turkish when we experience how accessible Arabia, Persian Armenia, Persia, the Moslem population is and how India, Bengal, United Provinces, Pun- comparatively little is yet being done jab, Sindh, South India, China, for them, think of the Lord's words to (every province), Chinese Turkestan. Paul at Corinth, in a vision; "Be When we notice the avidity with not afraid, but speak and hold not which special literature for Moslems thy peace, for I am with thee and no is received in Cairo itself, and how the man shall set on thee to harm thee, s.ame class of literature is demanded for I have much people in this city." by workers among Mohammedans Mecca represents the unoccupied fields everywhere, the conclusion reached by of Islam, and challenges faith and Dr. Charles R. Watson seems in- heroism. Constantinople, with its evitable ; He stated that his dominant mosque of St. Sophia, appeals to our impression, after a recent visit to the loyalty. We must win back what Levant, was that "no agency can pene- was lost to Jhe Church of Christ. trate Islam so deePly, abide so per- And Cairo is the city of opportunity, sistently, witness so daringly, and in- of the open door and the beckoning fluence so irresistibly as the printed hand. Mecca represents Islam as the page." excluder, behind elOped doors, defy- ing the entrance of the Christ; Con- The three capitals of the Moslem stantinople, Islam as the intruder into world come to us with a threefold the domains of the King; Cairo reappeal. Like Nineveh of old Con- minds us that in Africa Islam is the stantinople, because of its vast popu- great rival faith, and that here must lation, appeals to our pity. "Should be fought to the finish the struggle not I spare Nineveh, that great city, for a continent. The three cities voice wherein are more than six score thou- the appeal of three continents, Asia, sand persons that can not discern be- Europe and Africa, to be freed from tween their right hand and their left the thraldom of Mohammed and welhand ?" The conditions in Mecca, comed into the glorious liberty of the children of God. that Jerusalem of Islam, with its Scribes and Pharisees, its sins and THE uSUBLIME PORTEn-CONSTANTINOPLE

· POLITICAL AND RELIGIOUS RESULTS OF

"' . BALKAN WAR BY REV. CHARLES T. RIGGS, CONSTANTINOPLE, TURKEY Editor of 4'~The Orient," Special Correspondent of the MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD BE "cockpit of Europe" Preveza; how the Malissore Albanians fTl has been for the past united with the Montenegrins in month and more the the conquest of northern Albania and how they met with obstinate resistance scene of terrible car- in the siege of Scutari or Shkodra. Yes, and much more will never be told,-of , nage. On October 8th the storm burst, for which Europe and the world had the cruelties and treacheries and petty waited for years. M. Plamenatz, the revenges on both sides, of the terrible Montenegrin Minister to Turkey, sufferings of all the armies and the handed in a brief declaration of war, destruction of villages and the and left the country. Ten days later ravaging of whole districts. For war this formality was repeated by the is hell, and dead men tell no tales,- Minister of Bulgaria, Greece and Ser- which is often a relief to the ears of via, Messrs, Sarafoff, Gryparis and the survivors.

Nenadovitch, and the great Balkan Unexpected Factor. war was on. Turkey elected to take the defensive, and her four neighbors All the theories of professional poli- were swift to assume the offensive. ticiaRs and of amateur speculators The story has already been told,-how have been upset by the unexpected with irresistable force the Bulgarians factors of this war. It has been drove the main Turkish army from an axiom for many years that Kirk Kilise to Bunar Bissar, to Lule Greek and Bulgarian interests so Bourgas and Vize, and then back all overlapped as to be diametrical1y op- the way to Chatalja, with its line of posed to one another, and that there- fortifications across the peninsula fore these two nationalities could not from the Black Sea to the Marmora unite against the former master of some thirty miles only from Constanti- both. This axiom was based on the nople; how the Servians swept every- experience of decades of bloody feuds thing before them in the region known as between Macedonians of the two as Old Servia, the Montenegrins co- races and between roving Greek and operating with them in the west and Bulgarian bands, as well as the wordy the Bulgarians in the east, till King and documentary wars of Patriarch Peter entered the ancient capital of against Exarch, and the long-standing Dskiib in triumph and the remnants quarrel regarding the possession of of the Ottoman army were driven into church properties in Macedonia. But the mountain, fastnesses near Monastir, one of these unexpected factors de- or hurled back on Salonica; how the veloped from an unexpected quarter, Greeks revenged themselves for their and to-day Mr. Venizelos, the Cretan, defeat in 1897 by a well-planned ad- is hailed not only as the savior of vance culminating in the capture of Greece, but as the unifier of the Balk- Salonica, their fleet meanwhile occupy- an States, the father of the Coalition.

ing the five northern islands of the Some of his strong admirers even in- JEgean and assisting in the capture of sist that he has supernatural powers,

and is a sort of divine incarnation. made a single successful stand in the Certainly he has accomplished wonders open field for any length of time. by his far-sighted statesmanship. He And these were the armies that went saw that the true interests of Greece twice up to the very gates of Vienna, were not in insisting on Hellenic rights and terrorized the whole of Europe, as over against Bulgarian, but in yield- the armies that destroyed the old Sering to a certain degree in order to vian empire, and that only fifteen come to an agreement with Bulgaria years ago gave Greece such a severe against their common foe. When the drubbing,-the armies that Italy was history of the great Balkan struggle is glad to avoid all this past year, by written, the name of this Cretan will confining her attentions to North be inscribed in letters of gold as the Africa, where they could not go. true founder of the Alliance. 'Where was the famous Turkish sol- Another most unexpected factor in dier,-that stubborn and well-nigh inthe struggle has been the military skill vincible fighter? Military critics are of King Ferdinand, Tsar of the Bul- to-day busy finding adequate explanaga:rians, and his generals. With con- tions of this surprizing and total failsummate generalship, they have oc- me. They would do well to apply to cupied every point of vantage, sur- the German officers who have trained rounded and isolated the strongly for- that army and to the British admirals tified city of Adrianople while ham- who have undertaken the reorganizamering away at the main Turkish tion of an Ottoman navy. These genarmy, have brought up their reserves tlemen could testify to the supreme at the right moment, used their artil- self-satisfaction of the Turkish officers lery, their aeroplanes, their search- and their supercilious scorn of learnlights, their cavalry raids to the best ing from foreign instructors. You possible advantage, cut the lines of may be able to instruct a Turkish ofcommunication of their enemy at every ficer up to a certain point, but there possible point, while preserving their he balks. The European system wont own longer lines intact. So that the do, he says, for the Ottoman army or Bulg<l,rian army accomplished in two navy, so there's an end on't. weeks what their sanguine friends had given them at least six to do. Ferdi- Further than ,this, the strenuous efnand may be German by birth, but he forts of the former Minister of War, i3 so essentially Bulgarian by adoption Gen. Mahmond Shevket Pasha, to that his people utterly forget his for- keep his young officers out of politics eign extraction. He is to them the reveals a fatal tendency. Since the embodiment of their national aspira- army was the liberator of Turkey tions,-their Tsar. from the Hamidian yoke, these young officers persisted in the idea that their But the most unexpected factor of realm was in the world of politicians; all has been the utter failure of the and the wrangle of Ententist and Ottoman armies, east, west and center. Unionist among them to-day reminds Scutari in Albania and Adrianople, it one of the quarrels of the Byzantine is true, have stood out stubbornly and Greeks over the "Filioque clause" and have endured long their sieges. But it the Azymites while Mohammed was still remains true that the Turks have thundering at the gates of the city of not won a single important battle, nor Constantine.

OF THE BALKAN WAR

Then, too, there was a disastrous ceived one more confirmation. No inclination to despise their foes of the soldier can be expected to fight for Balkan Alliance. Whether or not the days in succession on an empty stom- Ottoman legations at Sofia, Athens, ach. The Ottoman forces at Lu1e Belgrade and Cettigne had been fol- Bourgas and Vize were half-starved; lowing the development of military for this enormous mobilization and force in these countries, it is certainly concentration had not been preceded true that Ottoman military leaders by adequate preparation of food-suphave shown unwarranted contempt for plies. And now the weakened physithe skill, training, resources and spirit sique of the soldiers has yielded to an of the Allies. Now the evolution es- alarming outbreak of cholera in the pecially of the Bulgarian army has camp. Had sufficient care been exproceeded by leaps and bounds. And ercised as to food a month ago, the the youth of all these states, particu- story might have been different.

larly of Bulgaria, have, since the tear- Political Results ing up of the Treaty of San Stefano by Europe in 1878, been brought up Whatever may be the final redison the Delenda est Carthago doctrine, tribution of the conquered territory, -for over thirty years these states and whatever other European counhave been quietly preparing to take tries may say, some results seem astheir revenge on their one-time op- sured. First of all, Ottoman dominapressor and liberate their Macedonian tion in Europe is at an end. Turkey compatriots. 'this was no time for may retain Constantinople and perthe Turks to despise such determina- haps the north shore of the Marmora; tion, or evince a Brobdingnaggian con- but her European possessions are tempt for such vigorous Lilliputians. gone. It may not be easy for an out- sider to realize what a blow this is to Another contributing factor in the Turkish pride. For five and a half collapse of Ottoman resistance was the centuries, from the day that Murad I placing of raw recruits in the front crossed the Hellespont and laid the rank with the seasoned veterans, foundations of European dominion by so mingled that the inability of taking Adrianople and shattering the the former to use their rifles or Servian Empire, the Osmanli has been a force to reckon with in Europe. withstand a charge, caused panic and Now, the gradual disintegration of disorder among the latter as well. empire has snatched away from him Thousands were hastily called to the his last hold on Europe, save for the colors who had never seen military Imperial city itself. The Turks service, or who had never had any themselves realize this, and are crusht target-practise. Some, moreover, by the thought. proved treacherous and either fell away to the enemy or sneaked back Secondly, the Cretan question has home. The mobilization of a force of been finally settled. This is no foreseven or eight hundred thousand men cast of continuous peace and prosis no child's play, and there was a perity for this turbulent island in the lack of organization and discipline. future, but merely that Crete has been eliminated from the list of interna- Equally serious was the failure of tional problems .and a thorn has been the commissariat. The old saying that an army moves on its belIy has re-

removed from the side of Europe. the army have now spread that Under Turkish rule, the Greeks of scourge, brought by soldiers from that Crete were constantly intriguing for region, to a far more alarming ex- independence or for union with tent; and the experience of former Greece. They have now attained their years indicates a still greater spread- desire, and are a part of that king- ing of cholera with the scattering of dom. Whether or not this will satisfy the troops to their homes.

the two parties now concerned, at As over against all these, one re- least the Cretan question will no long- deeming consequence of the conflict is er trouble European diplomacy. the splendid effect of the work of the A third and far sadder result is the Red Cross and Red Crescent. Most impoverishing and devastation of five unfortunate was the ill-advised dec- nations. Tho the territory of but laration of King Ferdinand at its in- one has been devastated, if this terri- ception, that this was a war of the tory is now partitioned between the cross against the crescent. The others, all will share in the work and Church of Christ has advanced far be- responsibility of reconstruction. But yond the spirit of the Middle Ages; far more significant and ruinous is the and the Bulgarian King did not voice, financial loss and the extra burden and had no mandate to voice, the sen- thus placed on all concerned. The mil- timent of the Church. But the prompt lions expended on powder and ball, on and generous efforts of Red Cross rifle and cannon, on earthwork and agencies in the United States, Eng- fortress, ought to have been spent in land, Russia and elsewhere did much public works and other improvements; to counteract the evil results of this and these countries will have to work untrue pronouncement. The Moslems long and hard to lay up an equivalent marveled to see their wounded so fund for such worthier causes, or tenderly cared for and so skilfully re- even to keep their commercial and stored by the loving ministry of Chris- financial heads above water. The most tian doctors and ,nurses,-yea, even by terrible loss, however, is in human those of their Bulgarian enemies. In- blood and precious lives. The tale stances were not lacking when, as in is not yet told; but thousands upon Smyrna, religious fanaticism refused thousands of homes will wait in vain the help of the hated Christian. There for the return of father, husband and had been an awful railroad accident at stalwart son. Farms will lie untilled; Ephesus, wherein hundreds of Turk- flocks must learn the voice of ish soldiers were killed, and more than other shepherds, and the young or- a hundred injured. Incensed by the phaned boy must henceforth work to . mistaken belief that Greeks were re- sustain his grief-stricken mother. Had sponsible for the wreck, the poor it been possible to have settled the wounded Moslem soldiers absolutely question by other means, these five refused to be carried into the Scotch nations might to-day all have been Mission Hospital at Smyrna, saying prosperous. It will be long ere they they.would rather die than be treated regain their sacrificed prosperity. by Christian doctors. Nevertheless, When the war began, cholera was in most instances the aid of Red mildly prevalent in Cilicia and north- Cross doctors was gratefully accepted ern Syria. Unsanitary conditions in and acknowledged, and the spirit of

the Master is better understood by the as schismatics* Of recent years ani- Mohammedans because of their ef- mosities and jealousy between the two forts. churches,-both branches of the Holy Religious Results Apostolic Orthodox Eastern Church, The American Board has mlSSlOn has led to scenes of disgraceful and stations in the region of the war at criminal violence in many parts of Salonica, Monastir, Kortcha and El Macedonia, where not a few murders Basan, and the London Jews' Society have been committed in the name of at Adrianople. There are also many religion and patriotism. But to-day outstations within the devastated area. the feeling is utterly different. Politi- Details of losses at these points are yet cai rapprochement has been accom- lacking; but naturally the evangelical panied by a beginning of friendly re- work at many of them must have suf- . lations and an interchange of visits be- fered to some extent. Yet in each tween patriarchate and exarchate; and case we may well believe that the pres- indications are not lacking that the ence of evangelical workers and faith- reunion of the two churches has be- ful believers has furnished eloquent come possible. Community of aims witness to the power of Christ; and and interests has healed the schism.

we rejoice that there have been so Poor Turkey has suffered a still many to testify of Him amid fire and further dismemberment. The Treaty sword, trial and tribulation. of Berlin in 1878 cut off 138,000 Mention should be made of the im- square miles of her territory at one proved state of feelings between fell swoop, by the loss of the Balkan Greek Patriarch and Bulgarian Ex- States. The war with Italy, after arch. Pa:triotic or rather racial feel- dragging on its weary length for over ings led to Bulgarian agitation, half a a year, was at last brought to a close century ago, for a separate ecclesias- last month by the Treaty of Lausanne, tical organization. This led to the is- whereby Tripoli and Cyrenaica, or sue by the Ottoman government in Benghazi were made over to Italy, en- I870 of a firman granting the Bul- tailing a loss of an indefinite extent garians the right to possess their own of desetft, the total area heing es- exarchate independent of the Greek timated at 400,000 square miles, or Patriarch at Constantinople. This nearly the combined size of France measure the Patriarch strenuously op- and Germany. What has till this year posed and delayed its execution. two been known as European Turkey yeats. In 1872 the first Exarch was has an area of 65,598 square miles; .appointed, and the Patriarch im- and now the great part of this is gone.

mediately excommunicated him. On This means that the Ottoman Empire April 23d of that year the Exarch, in the past thirty-five years has lost supported by three bishops, all lying all its possessions in Europe and under the ban of the Patriarch, cele- Africa, and is hereafter only about brated the communion in the Bul- one-half the size it was previous to garian church at Phanar, on the Gold- that. But this is not a mere question en Horn; on May Ilih the Bulgarian of territory. The Ottoman Empire church was declared independent; and has for five hundred years stood as the on Sept. 16th the Patriarch formally "'"Von Mack, The Bulgarian E.xa1"chate~ p. ]8; Adeney, The G"eek and Eastern Churches, p. 350. cut off all followers of the Exarchate

bulwark of Islam, the pride of the fUt'lds available for Christian work in Moslem world. In these last days, these lands. At first a large amount since the passing of Morocco and will be needed for Red Cross and simi- Persia out of the category of inde- lar relief, for reconstruction as well as pendent states into the hands of for medical care. Whole burned vil- France, Russia and England, Turkey lages must be rebuilt; penniless wid- has been the one Moslem power left. ows and orphans must be clothed and Her Sultan is the Khalif of an the fed through the coming winter; faithful. So that this disastrous churches and schools raised up again.

month's war, while not a religious Into this new territory,-new in war, has struck a heavy blow at the hopes and possibilities because new pride of Islam. In fact, the Ameer of in government and ambition,-the Afghanistan is reported to be seriously agents of our great mercantile houses contemplating proclaiming himself the will hasten; thither will also crowd in Khalif because of what he regards as the saloon, the brothel and the gamb- the forfeiting of all right to that title ling-hell, the besmirching book and the by the Sultan of Turkey. Without yellow journal. Is not this very fact a doubt the disastrous outcome of a challenge to the Church to send in these two 'wars will also seriously speedily competent men of consecrated diminish Ottoman influence in Arabia, common-sense to preempt the land for and indeed damage the prestige of our Master? vVe should be there with Turkey all through the Moslem world. the returning refugee and the new set- There surely ought to be another tler,-to furnish him with a house of sort of result in the case of the nomi- true worship, a competent and Chris- nally Christian population of the con- tian school for his children, and good quered territory. The war has been healthy literature for his awakening waged ostensibly in order to better intellect and heart, and an outstretched their lot. Whether opprest by an hand of help and good-cheer in the incompetent and unsympathetic gov- Master's name. Workers we have to- ernment or harrowed by bloody in- day among Albanians, Bulgarians, terne<;:ine strife of Greek against Slav Greeks and Jews. Let us hold up their or Vlach, the non-Moslem inhabitants hands and allow them to lengthen have indeed been between the upper their cords and strengthen their and the nether millstone. But now, stakes. Let us help them to train up if indeed the amicable agreement be- a native ministry for Christ.

tween the allied governments extends As we stand humbly and teachably to their peoples, this should be the bEfore our Lord Jesus for his direc- dawn of a new era for all the peoples tion as to the way we should take, of Macedonia. With freedom from there appears before us, as appeared the terrorism of bands of Komitadjis, to Paul many centuries ago, a man; or secret agitators, from bomb-throw- hut now he is tattered and shattered ers and revengeful fanatics, there and battered with the shock and carn- ought to come a day of quiet and age of war; and as of yore, he speaks prosperous growth. with frWeet compelling plaintiveness :- And finally, this swift and decisive "Come over into Macedonia and help war calls for large increase in the us."

CROSS OF

THE HEART OF RELIGION, THE CENTER OF THE MISSIONARY MESSAGE BY REV. G. CAMPBELL MORGAN, D.O., LONDON, ENGLAND "Now is the judgment of this world: now shall the prince of this world be cast out. And I, if I be lifted up from the earth, will draw all men unto myself."-St. John xii, 3r, 32.

HE Cross of Christ lies Jerusalem, and consequently were angry, but in the process of time His IITI at the very heart and own disciples came to understand that center of everything in He referred to the destruction of the life and religion. There temple of His body by His foes, and is no other subject so to its resurrection. Very soon after full of value and of in the conversation with Nicodemus, meaning in all its varied applica- He said in answer to the Pharisee's tion. In the Word of God we have question as to how a man could gain the glimpses of the cross from its life: "As Moses lifted up the serpent beginning to its end. In the inspired in the wilderness, even so must the writings of the apostles, to whom Son of Man be lifted tlP, that whosowas committed the work of perfect- ever believeth in him should not pering the doctrine upon which the ish but have eternal life." This was a church should base its walk and con- clear declaration of the fact that if duct perpetually, the cross has an men were to find life they must find ever-present place, for they evidently it by the way of His death. Thus looked to it as the center of revela- through all the ministry of Christ we tion and of power. The more closely find references that show that in His the life of Christ is studied, the more mind at least there was the perpetual conscious do we become of the pres- subconsciousness of the vital imporence of the cross in His consciotlsness tance of that work accomplished in from beginning to end. the cross and by the resurrection that followed it. In the words quoted from the twelfth chapter of St. John's Gospel, In the twelfth chapter of John we J estls makes a threefold declaration see Jesus with the shadow of the concerning the value and effect of the cross over Him. At Bethany, Mary, cross. At the time when he uttered looking into His face, saw with these words, the shadow of the cross the keen, quick intuition of a was on Jesus. He had been con- great love the sorrow and the shadscious of it from the very beginning ow of death that was upon Him. of His public ministry. The cross Then she broke the alabaster box of was the ultimate fact in His earthly ointment and anointed Him, and He life and in His work, toward which rebuked the avarice of the man that He was moving. When, at the be- criticized by saying, "Let her alone; ginning of his ministry, after the she hath done it unto my burial." cleansing of the temple, men asked: After that, on His way into Jerusa- lem, He saw the city and He wept "By what authority doest Thou over it. When the Greeks came to see these things?" Him the answer of Christ seemed strange at first: "Except a corn of Jesus replied: "Destroy this temple, wheat fall into the ground and die, and in three days I wiII raise it up."

The materialists of the time saw nothing further than the temple in

it abideth alone: but if it die, it have both glorified it, and I will globringeth forth much fruit. If any rify it again." Surely the reference man will come after me, let him fol- is to the glorification of the name of low me." Perhaps we may interpret God in the life of Christ, and the the meaning of the answer in this promise that God would glorify it wise: Do these Greeks desire to see through that death toward which He Me? The men of culture, the philos- was going. ophers, the thinkers, are they now· coming? They will never be able to Then immediately after Jesus utsee Me through my death and tered these words about His cross, through my resurrection, and through he added: "Now is the judgment of their death and their resurrection. this world: now shaH the prince of As long as I am a man, I am the corn of wheat, undying and unburied this world be cast out. And, I, if I and unrisen, but presently through death I will come forth out of my be lifted up from the earth, will draw limitations, and in the resurrection, all men unto ·myself." From the wail of which I shall be the first fruits, of His sorrow, Jesus merges into the the men shall see Me. The Greek declaration of His coming triumph. must follow in that way if he would As tIe has declared the necessity for come into life with Me." To the the cross and has told His disciples amazement of the disciples, our Lord how His own soul is troubled in view seems to refuse to see these Greeks thereof, now at last He declares what because he was not yet "lifted up" shall be the issue of His cross. Here and they could not therefore so see a threefold fact concerning the cross Him as to understand Him. and its value is declared.

From that point, the whole burden First, Jesus declares the discerning of the cross was upon the mind of power of His cross: "Now is the Jesus. Having declared the necessity judgment of this world." Secondly, for the cross, there breaks out from He declares the destructive power of Him the consciousness of the terrible His cross : "Now is the prince of this experience that awaited Him. It world cast out.'.' And lastly, He deseems sometimes as if these words clares the drawing power of His ought to be whispered in awe if they cross: "I, if I be lifted up out of the are read at all. We hear the Master, earth, will draw all men unto n;Iylooking on to the cross, which He self." has declared to be necessary, say: "Now is my soul troubled, and what Look at the cross. We pass over shall I say? 'Father, save me from the intervening days, and come in this hour?' But for this cause came reverent imagination to stand in the I unto this hour." Did He say, presence of the cross. Think for a "Father, deliver me from this hour?" moment of what that cross really was Nay, verily. What then did He say? so far as human intention was con- "Father, glorify thy name." That is cerned, and then see whether what the supreme thing. Then there came men said was true, or if what Christ the great answer from heaven: "I declared concerning it was true.

In the intention of man the cross was man's judgment upon Christ. Jesus said that the cross was his judgment upon the world. Man in-

CROSS OF

tended the cross to be the place where living a life that denied the spiritual, the prince of this world should gain for they were living absolutely within his victory over and cast out the the material.

Prince of Life. Christ declares that Such teaching as that of Jesus His cross was the place where the Christ is revolutionary and His life prince of this world was cast out. In and teaching can not be separated.

the intention of man the cross was He did not say, I teach truth, but the place where Jesus was cast down, He said, "I am the truth." Those where Jesus was rejected. Our Lord wonderful words that we call the says that the cross was the place Beatitudes may be woven into one where He was enthroned so that all glorious chaplet for the brow of the men must be drawn unto Him. Man who uttered them. His teaching and His life were both contradictory The Diacerning Power to materialism. He contradicted the Now look at the declaration con- man who lived only in the present cerning the discerning power of the hour, for He lived always in eternity, cross. So far as men were con- even while He was in time.

cerned, the cross was man's answer There is only one alternative open to all that Jesus was and all that to a· man or a people to whom Christ Jesus taught. Jesus stood among is presented in His person and His men for the spiritual ideal as against teaching. You must either crown the prevalent notion that man lives Him or crucify Him; there is no wholly within the realm of the nat- middle course. These men in Judea ural, of the animal, of the flesh. crucified Him because they refused to Jesus had taught and lived the su- accept His view of life. They re- premacy of God and the supremacy fused to hear His word "Repent,"

of spiritual things. He lived a life which declared that their view was that was perfectly human, touching wrong. They refused to turn back all the affairs of man's life, but He from the evil of their ways. They re- nevertheless touched them in the con- fused to crown Him King, and, sciousness of their relation to the therefore, they cast Him out and cru- eternities. In other words, Jesus cified Him. As we look at the man lived eternal life. This eternal life is Jesus Christ, lifted on a cross, from not a quantity, but a quality, and the human standpoint we say, "At Jesus lived life, as a boy in the car- last they have silenced the teacher; penter's shop, in His public ministry, they have won their victory." That at the house of feasting, at the house is the world's verdict. Now is the of sorrow, amid the rulers, and with j lldgment of Jesus, the teacher and the little children. Everything He the revealer, and the world has cast said and did were conditioned not by Him out.

the hour in whiCh they were done, But let Christ speak. He says: the circumstances that were apparent, UNow is the judgment of this world,"

but by the eternity at the center of with its worldly materialistic idea.

which He lived. The infinite fact of The world is j lIdged in the cross of God was never absent from His con- Jesus, for in the very fact of His sciousness. The men of His age were dying He was fulfilling- the philos-

ophy of life that He exprest in of the world came, and the eternal the light of His own cross, when He verdict was passed upon it, and the said: "Fear not them that kill the spiritual was elevated, and .to all men body, and have no more that they can for all time there was revealed the do." As Jesus walked in calm, dig- kingly splendor of man as a spirit nified majesty toward that cross, led who holds communion with God. as a lamb to the slaughter, and as a "Now is the judgment of this world." sheep dumb before her shearers, He Oh, that rugged cross of Calvary, was vindicating in death more power- where cruel, brutal, animalized men fully than ever in life the supremacy cast out the Lord of life and glory of the spiritual, challenging men by and beauty! Out of that very depth His very submission and silence to and agony He passed a verdict upon do their worst and attempt within the all the ideals of life that crucified philosophy of their materialism to de- Him, and ascended the throne of stroy Him; and yet at the last saying power, from which He will reign in quiet, kingly dignity, from amidst until He has subdued all enemies the sorrow of the cross; "Father, under His feet. "Now is the judginto Thy hands I commend my ment of this world." spirit." Even when the world was pronouncing its final sentence upon The Destructive Power Him, He crowned the spiritual ideal as He quietly, calmly went to that The second word of Christ is; cross. When that cross was uplifted "Now is the prince of this world cast in the midst of the materialism of out." Again, as we look at the cross life, the quiet, dignified, kingly exodus we are inclined to say at first: "Now of the Man was the passing of a ver- is the Prince of Life cast out." dict upon all materialistic ideals, and That is what men meant to do when in that moment came the judgment they encompassed His death. Nineof the world with its maxims and its teen centuries have demonstrated methods and its manners and conception of life. the truth of what JeSllS said.

There are only· two ideals in the Look at history for a moment. world to-day. The one is flesh and How often it has been remarked the other is spirit; and you may take that when Pilate wrote that accusaall the dwellers in your cities, and in- tion he wrote far more than he knew. stead of dividing them into the Latin was the language of military people in the suburb and the people government, material power exercised in the slum, divide them according to in government; Greek was the lanthese ideals: the people that live in guage of culture, and Hebrew was the realm of the flesh, material- the language of religion. The three ized, animalized, sensualized, and the great world forces· in the day of people who live in the realm of the Christ's crucifixion were the Roman spirit, the people who live in the con- and the Greek and the Hebrew. In sciousness of God, of eternity, of the some senses those three great world spiritual nature in ~an. That cross powers were united in the casting out was the point at which the judgment of Jesus Christ. The very root of the whole. trouble was that religion had become materialized, and this is

CROSS OF

the worst thing in the world for "Now is the prince of this world men. Whenever you find the ma- cast out." On the rough and rugged terialization of religion, which al- cross of Jesus, it seems at first as ways has its expression in the official- tho the prince of the world, the ism of a priestcraft, you find the most one that had enslaved men in perilous and blighting and awful things material, has nailed to the thing that can touch a human life. crOss the very Prince of Life; but as So at the root of this casting out the centuries pass (slow-moving to we find the Hebrew religion and the our observation, quick as the light- Jewish high priest. The Roman ning's flash in the economy of God), power lends itself through Pilate to we see that the crucified Christ has the fulfilment of the malicious desire taken hold of the prince of the world of the Hebrew priest; and the Greeks and has hurled him from his seat of look on cynically, for to them the power so that He is bringing governcross was foolishness. Those were the ment and religion and culture under powers through which the prince of His own sway. He is realizing for this world held his sway over men, the sons of men everything of value and they were all united for the cast- in these things, while He casts out ing out of Christ. the things that have harmed and spoiled humanity. "Now is the They think they have cast Him out, prince of this world cast out." but Jesus says : "Now is the prince of this world cast out." Look at his- The Drawing Power tory .and see what happened. In the case of the Hebrews, who stood for Finally Jesus said: "I, if I be the world's best religion, the cross lifted up from the earth, will draw came and regenerated it, and sent it all men unto myself." We have no down the centuries as a new life- right to say that Jesus said: "I, if gIvmg message to man. You know I be lifted up, will draw all men who the story of Rome. The cross found believe unto myself." We have no its way into the Imperial City, and right to say that Jesus saiJ: "I, if I the followers of the Nazarene under- be lifted up, will draw the elect unto mined pagan Rome until at last she myself." Neither did he say: tottered and fell by the very power "I, if I be lifted up will draw all of the cross which she had helped to men unto me, and they shall all be erect in order to cast out the Christ. saved." We have no right to limit As for the Greeks, when the Apostle the word of Christ by any doctrine of Paul took their words and used them election, and we have no right to within the realm of Christianity, expand the word of Christ by any they caught new meaning, and the doctrine of universalism. Neither false materialism that lurked within the one nor the other are found here. great Greek words were burned out, and the words became brilliant and What did Jesus say? "I, if I be glorious with the infinite meaning lifted up from the earth, will draw of the cross. Mystery-how the all men unto .myself." First, His Greek loved the word-but the death is the point at which the Apostle Paul gave it new life. world is judged and that which has been the attractive center of human

life is spoiled, and He says: I will things that pull down and the things be the new center. Second, the that spoil. prince, the one who has held men in his thraldom, is cast out, and Thus in the midst of human his- Christ says: If I be lifted up out of tory, according to the jUdging of the the world, I will bring all men into Lord Himself, that cross became relation with my kingship and my judgment against the world, a verdict government. "I will draw all men found; that cross became the destrucunto myself." tion of the prince of the world, a force that cast out the evil thing; What does this mean? I believe that cross became a great attractive that as Jesus, the Christ, was lifted center, men being drawn into the up, all men will come to a recogni- power of which they are set free from tion of His supremacy. Henceforth every other power and every other every man must make his choice as force that tends to their destruction. in the presence of those spiritual principles for which Christ stood, and Right here and now the cross of which He has made possible for man Jesus is still the discerning power; by His cross. it is still the throne of judgment; and if you want a true verdict about By the cross Jesus Christ set the a man, about a movement, about sohuman will at liberty. Here is a man ciety, about a nation, arraign it bewho says: "When I would do good, fore the cross of elirist; and if it evil is present with me. I will, and does not harmonize with all that cross yet I can not. The forces of evil stood for, then the cross condemns it. that have taken hold upon me and If it does harmonize, then the cross have mastered my life have made it crowns it and pronounces it permaimpossible for me to act according to nent. We must test everything by my own willing. My will is spoiled, the cross. And to-day, the crucified dominated, hindered by something Christ is stilI the only power suffiwithin me." Jesus Christ says: Come cient to the casting out of the prince to the eros; and your will is set free, of this world. If we attempt to corfor by the way of this cross I have rect material despotism by material cast out the prince of the world; and methods, we will simply initiate a by virtue of what I have done you new material despotism. If we may do the things that in the past attempt to correct animalized culyou have not been able to do. ture by a new animalism, we will When a man stands face to fac:e with simply create a new sensualism. If the cross of Christ he can say: we attempt to throw off the burden When I would do good, the power of of a materialized priestcraft by mathat cross is present to enable me." terial methods, we will create a new The power of sin is broken and in and more pernicious sacerdotalism. the presence of the victory of the It is only the cross of Christ that cross every man may choose what sets man free from the tyranny of he will do. There is no other power material oppression, from the slavery that will save a man or society than of cultured materialism, from the the power of the cross, which alone priesthood of materialism. Finally, is able to lift a man out of the if we want to lift a man out of all

CROSS OF CHRIST

the forces that pull and wreck and repeat them until they become a perspoil, we must take him to the petual song of victory in Ollr hearts. cross. There is no other way in We are not fighting a battle which is which a man can be lifted out and critical. We may be fighting a battle made superior to the things that of administration, but in the hour of spoil and that wreck. that cross the final victory was won. All the slow-moving processes of the This cross stilI stands, and Christ's centuries are after all but the years word about it is still true. But the through which in patience and in pity question for each one to ask him- God by the Spirit and the church is self is this: How does my life stand administering the victories won in the in relation to that cross? What ver- hour of that cross. "Now is the dict does that cross pass upon my judgment of this world; now is the life? Does it condemn it? Then it prince ot this world cast out. And is condemned. Does it approve it? I, if I be lifted up from the earth, Then it is approved. Is my life in will draw all men unto myself." harmony with that which the world attempted to cast out, or with that aO/L/NG The Ideal Church. Al- ways Abounding In the which JeSllS cast out? Is my life in Works of the Lord.

~armony with that spiritual ideal for HOT Prays and Longs tor which the Savior stood, or is my life governed by the material ideal 1100DHfAT Members to Go. Misthat crucified Him? sionary Sermons Most WARM Popular. Gifts for For- Let me ask another question: LUKfWARM eign Missions Equal to Which prince rules in my life? The or in F:xcess of Selfprince that attempted to cast out COOL Support. the Prince of Life, or the Prince who Prays Earnestly. Gives cast out the prince of the world? COlO Freely to Missions. How shall we know? By deciding FREEtlNG Living Link or Share' whether that cross lies on all my life In Station. A Power In as the expression of my life's sacri- the Local Community. fice and my life's going down into Deepening Interest In death, that through it I may come J.lissions. No Apolointo the larger life that lies beyond. gies, Stu die s the If any child of the King is mastered Fie Ids. and Forces. by some evil power, it is because he Evangelistic Passion has lived to·o far from the cross. Growing. He who was first lifted by the cross Assents to Missionary out of the earth, lifts you out of the Teaching, Little Acrealm over which the evil forces tion. Apologie, for reign. Missionary Offering. Thinks Charity Begins at Does it seem to-day as if the world Home and End~ There. was casting out the Christ? It does Not Much Charity at not seem so half as much as it did Home, Either. when that cross was first lifted. Let Callous; about the Hea.. us take these words of Christ and then and about Every- body Else.

Thinks Missions a Huge Mistake.

Opposes and Criticizes !1issions. D e a d in Spiritual GUts.

Where does the ther- mometer siand ill your Church or school?

From The Missionary Voice.

A N OPEN·AIR MEETING OF THE FIRST PRESBY'fE1UAN GENERAL ASS~MBLY OF KOREA, AT PYENG YANG (~ee page 70)

IN A CHINESE MISSIONARY HOUSEBO.-T

OBSERVATIONS IN JAPAN, KOREA AND CHINA BY MISS CAROLINE L. PALMER, NEW YORK ~…..,……..,.."..="' JAPANESE evangelist fores, either of that which is right tells the story of one or wrong, we can not claim to of his own countrymen understand. who took a long jour- ney from his village The Country home to the city of The first and obvious imp~ssion Tokyo, in order to buy a clock. In of Japan is the country-the beautithe Orient clocks are for ornament, ful hills covered with trees and folinevertheless this man cherished his age, the terraced rice-fields, the atpossession. tractive gardens and flowers, all give one the sense of a people who love It went the way of all clocks and the beautiful. The Japanese cook finally stopt. The man took it who, looking up from a less than carefully apart, returned on his long frugal meal, said "vVhat does anyone journey to the city, told his tale of want of a supper when he can see the clock and, when asked to produce such a sunset as that," was only reit, carefully untied his furishika and vealing the esthetic nature which he produced the hands of the clock, for shares with many another. these he explained were alI that had gone wrong, the rest seemed all right. We hear of it as the land of cherry- blossoms, but a stay of a fortnight Observations of the Far East are at the foot of Mt. Asama, an active apt to be as superficial as this ex- volcano with its pillar of cloud by amination of the clock, and all tour- day and often the piUar of fire by ists can 'do is to point to the hands night, is just as symbolic of this mysof the clock; the why, and the where- terious island people.

The People remark, "Well, if He dies, I hope they will all commit suicide." Again From all of these scenes the people you exclaim and think of the exawait you at every turn. The black pression of Dr. Chamberlin, "The imbands, around the arm, the black bows penetrable mind of the Japanese." At and ribbons even on the tiniest child, once there comes the Pauline exall spoke plainly of the love of this pression, "The mind of Christ." To united people for their late Emperor. them there is the impenetrable mind The united Japan is soon recog- of the Anglo-Saxon, and not until nized. So many things conspire to we all have the mind of Christ shall make one think. The tales of old we truly understand. There is no Japan serve to explain the graves of other meeting-place of the races. The the 47 Ronin and why they are among A TYPICAL CHINESE STREET SCENE the Japanese heroes-all so strantie only solution for all of this seems to and unbelievable to us. The tragedy be to arrive at His mind via His of the suicide of General Nogi fol- parables with their lucid illustrations lows-still so wrapt in mystery- of true life, His teaching of the added to this the story of the man nature of the Father and what He who very recently asked a missionary requires of His Son-to at last unto read the Bible to him. Together derstand that He only is worthy to be they read the Gospel by Luke; and his the hero of all men. interest, as the days went on, kept increasing, until he was filled with hor- Chesterton has said that the suicide ror when he reached the verse, "They dies for the sake of dying. Jesus died all forsook Him and fled." The man for the sake of living, and for the sake who must wait for another day to of giving life to others; seeking in finish the narrative turned with the every way to show forth the worth and value and purpose of life.

IN JAPAN, KOREA AND CHINA

Education longer needed in Japan seems such idle talk, in view of the large uo- Because of close connection with evangelized districts, of the great neec[ a school, hence with a vital interest of educational work, and of trained in education, many questions were men and wOlllen to do the work so impossible for the small nl1l11ber of missionaries. It seemed as tho there never was so great a need for a multitude of men and women to live the life of Jesus Christ, to ex- emplify His humble, unostentatious and unselfish living.

Religion How often our minds turn to the great centers of religious interest- to St. Peter's at Rome, the seat of the Roman Catholic Church, to St. Isaac's at St. Petersburg, one of the THE SON OF A PASTOR IN CHINA asked concerning the educational sys- A KOREAN GENTLEMAN' tem in Japan. The usual .answer was that the system was all right, but great cathedrals of the Greek Caththere was a continuous failure to ap- olic Church,to the mosque of St. ply the system. There was so much Sophia at Constantinople, a landto acquire that the process had be- mark for the Mohammedan faithcome one of infilling and informing rather than of development. A Cambridge teacher in speaking of Hebrew education as observed in the Bible says, "Education was adapted to mold the minds, the principles, the habits and manners of the young. It w.as development as distinguished from instruction." The missionary schools are surely filling a great need in this country where the end sought is development as distinguished from instruction. That anyone should speak .as tho missionaries were no

THE UNION CHURCH AT KARUIZAWA, JAPAN these are Meccas for the tourist. Of The well-known monkeys on the course, in Japan, there is the same desire to see the religious life of this stable of the Sacred Pony with their people. A visit to the great Diabutsu was of intense interest; its passive face caution to hear, see and speak no evil was supposed to give the expression of yet never the impulse or help to cast the perfection of education and the subj ugation of all passion. Yet it it 'out. The pilgrims toiling to the ""as all so lifeless and try as you top of some high mountain, all drest would you could see no relationship in white, reminded one of the Scripbetween this image and the boys and girls of the surrounding villages. ture' teaching of those whose robes Vith their hearty "Banzai" you felt that tho they might reverently bow are made white, and yet you painfully before the image, it offered for them realize that there is no transfigured no assistance in the thick of the fight of life. Christ for them on these mountain The symbolism of the Temples at peaks, for no one has yet made Him Nikko seemed in part strangely Chris- known. The strange ceremony of tian-the Goddess of Mercy showering out blessings yet she gives none drinking wine from the cup so like to her worshipers. As some one has said, "Paint a fire, it will not there- our symbolic wine, with yet no sense fore burn." Again the Buddhas of communion, with the Christ. So one coming out of the lotus flowers, purity out of impurity, and yet they give looks in vain in these centers for some no real help toward the pure life. expression of hope on the faces of the worshipers who know not what it means to worship God in spirit and in truth.

Missionaries The advantage of going to the Orient in the summer-time is that one can go to the summer resorts of the mIssIonaries. Karuizawa, nestled among the hills, with its attractive

IN JAPAN, KOREA AND CHINA

MISSION SCHOOL CHILDREN RECEIViNG DIPLOMAS IN CHINA homes, its places of recreation, its cal work, alI of this to conserve effort inimitable single street where you can and eliminate waste. do your daily visiting and shopping, all of this makes you glad to be there. The Union Bible School in Nan- Never imagine an idle body 0 f mis- king, China, a union of the Northern sionaries at these resorts, one only and Southern Presbyterian Churches, wonders when they rest. It is surely of the Christian Church and the a privilege to be in the company of Methodist Church, seems a wonderful men and women who have counted the cost and made large ventures of portent of what may be done in the faith. That going to the foreign field is a guarantee to saintship–do not near future all over the Orient. think! In no other situation are the The Oriental to whom our deconditions so trying, the temptations so great, nor the obstacles so tre- nominationalism is only a hindrance mendous. It is a superficial observer and a menace, for it is of Anglowho brings home pictures of the Saxon origin, whereas Christianity is re~idences of the missionaries with universal. The only difficulty thus never an appreciation of what a small far experienced in Nanking was that part of his life is the framework of the Presbyterian cook complained behis house. cause the Methodist cook paid too much for rice! One problem of great consequences on the field is that of church unity, It was good, indeed, to see the of the cooperation of various boards new dormitory at Nanking to be used in educational and other work, of the for this Bible School and to realize demand for union Bible and theologi- that it was erected by the Christian Church on Presbyterian soil.

The same union work is now being carried on in Korea and a similar movement in Japan is in progress.

One of the wonderful times of the is continuously put to shame in the summer was to be present at a meet Orient by the white light of the native ing at Karuizawa, which did not Christians. We attended one meetclose till eleven at night, when there ing in Korea where 4,000 people gathwas a full and free discussion of the ered in the hot sun, in the early afternecessity for the united action of the noon, many of them having walked Christian Churches in order that the for miles. Vhen that vast company Christians may show to the world that sang, "All hail the power of Jesus' they are in very truth "one body in name;" it thrilled one to think that Christ." all men would one day give Him the honor and glory which is His due. Native Christians Sitting on the platform of the Gen- vVhen Jesus Christ came to the SOME KOREAN CHILDREN earth and used illustrations of faith, eral Assembly were three earnest he called attention to a Gentile; when pastors who before becoming Chrissought to impress the truth of sin- tians had gone to a mountain and cerity in prayer he told the story of remained in a standing position roo a publican; when He wished to ex- days without sleep save as snatched plain the meaning of love, He spoke between moments-searching after of the sinful woman. God! What will not such zeal mean among these people when they really If He were in this world to-day know God? No wonder these and with His knowledge of all, He' would hosts of others have made such phedoubtless find· His best illustrations nomenal progress in Christian life and of generosity in Korea, of unselfish- work. Even at the railway stations ness in some humble Chinese home, in Korea one felt the influence of of true self-sacrifice in Japan, for one

IN JAPAN, KOREA AND CHINA

Christianity in the greetings of the room just for sitting and all the uppeople. stairs just for sleeping." That the simplest American home has more Poverty comforts and conveniences than the houses of those who have most in the The man who had seen the Orient Orient is beyond question. Their rethrough travel voiced the sentiment spect for the foreigner seems to be inof most tourists when he said, "What creased or would be decreased by the can you do for these people in the mode of living expected of him. To East-money is what they need- pass by miserable hovels where the they are so wretchedly poor. When wretchedness can only be exprest one is told in a kindergarten con- as "a grief without a pang, void dark ducted by one of our American missionaries that the children came from GRADUATING CLASS. MORIOHA KINDERGARTEN.. JAPAN such poor homes that all they have and drear-which finds no natural to eat is boiled sweet-potato rinds, outlet or relief in word or sigh or it is all but incredible. tear"- this is to feel the hopelessness of the Far East. From such you turn The poverty of Korea immediately to the universities and schools filled strikes an American, for the people live with the finest men and women main such tiny homes. The average king ready to guide the feet of such as Korean room is 8 x 8 feet. One these into the paths of peace. Or as Korean woman visited the simple mis- you turn to the Union Bible School, sionary home, stood on the threshold with the teeming life of the city on as she entered and said, "Is heaven one side and the ground covered with like this?" She later explained to grave mounds on the other, or, as the another 'Korean, "Just think! They Chinese say, the school that stands have one room just for eating, one

between the light and the shadow of to show the value of the little child China, then your heart fills with hope, and to bespeak for it our care. for a better day is dawning. No one could fail to observe the shorn heads The joy of seeing the children of of all the Chinese in Nanking, for in the missionaries and of having 24 in this city a fine is imposed for non- training for an exercise in the Gospel conformity to this law. Perhaps the by Luke ca11j not soon fade from greatest lesson of the Orient is memory. As one little boy stood bepatience. God has been working for fore an audience to repeat the lines hundreds of years and no impatient quoted below, it seemed a call to the observer of missionary work can hope Christian world for the children: for an immediate transformation of each individual citizen in the Far "The world was dark with care and wo; East. A little Japanese woman ex- With brawl and pleasure wild; prest it as well as any. The audience were singing with true American When in the midst, His love to show, zeal, "Work, for the night is corning," God set a child. when the woman turned to her missionary friend and said, "Mrs. G., The sages frowned, their heads they what's the hurry?" There is no im- shook, imperious demand when one works with God toward a sure end which For pride their heart beguiled. He expects to bring in His own time. They said, each looking on his book, 'We want no child.'

The merchants turned toward their scales, Around their wealth lay piled; Said they: "Tis gold alone prevails; We want no child.'

The Children The soldiers rose in noisy sport; Whoever visited another country Disdainfully they smiled, and failed to be imprest with its children! With their laughter and And said: 'Can babes the shield support? frolic, their childish joy and sorrow -how alike are their natures the We want no child.' ' world over. The visit to the butterfly kindergartens in Japan, to the day Then said the Lord: '0, world of care, schools in Korea, all being taught by their own trained people-the con- So blinded and beguiled, centration of interest-the alertness for development, all of this gave evi- Thou must receive for thy repair dence of the future of these countries if only the advantages could be given A Holy Child." . to all. In a book written by Dr. Cabot on The sad part is that there are many "Social Service," he calls attention babies being carried on backs too to two great factors, first the imsmall for their burdens, babies on the mediate relief which one may give to backs of hard-working mothers, suffering exprest by the idea of forebabies being sold or thrown aside- grounds. all of this to-day and yet J estts Christ came to this world 1,900 years ago But how futile is this without a study of the backgrounds. What has brought these conditions, how may we remove the causes of this suffering and prevent it for others? This has its very direct application to the foreign field. The work which needs to be done immediately is appalling. One comes home startled by the indiffer-

TRIAL OF KOREAN CHRISTIANS

ence of the Church to the immediate those who support missionaries must needs of the Orient. There is an- have inunediate results." There is other question 0.£ equal importance, evidently need of statesmanship of how can we best work toward the the supporter of missions at home as betterment of all conditions for the well as of the missionary abroad. coming generations, for this generation faces .a tremendous responsibility The picture of these myriads so for the future? often comes to me. The toilers in the field, the crowds in the cities, the af- Putnam Weale, a close student. of flicted and the helpless, the throng of the Orient, in speaking of the fact that worshipers prostrate in the Temple, missionary work should look ahead the young men and young women full and plan for 25 or 30 years, adds: of expectation, all cry to us .and shall "The difficulty in doing this is that we not hear and answer that cry?

THE TRIAL OF KOREAN CHRISTIANS* A STATEMENT BY THE PROTESTANT MISSIONARIES IN KOREA CONCERNING THE TRIAL FOR CONSPIRACY ~T HE following statement call attention to these conditions so ~ concerning the "Con- spiracy Case," except that they can be corrected. certain minor changes, was prepared before We are glad to credit Japan with judgment was rendered. While it hardly would have been having done much for Korea in a maproper, in advance of the judgment of the court, to give to the public terial way. We earnestly desire that such a statement, it seems to t1S that if should now be given out as the rea- in all respects worthy and creditable son why we do not accept the court's decision as a proper criterion for de- conditions may be attained and stand termining the accused guilty of the crime charged. ready to lend our aid to this end. We The decision, we feel, not only af- have only this in view in calling attenfects the reputation of the men on trial, but, if unanswered, is calculated tion to wrongs which come under our to reflect upon both the Christian Church in Korea and a number of observation. In the present case, too, foreign missionaries who are at work on this field. the public has taken such interest as We do this with no thought of op- to be entitled to the fullest possible posing the Japanese Government, but believing that wrong conditions exist, light on the case. it is only true friendship to Japan to The case has been appealed, and we have hope that justice will be awarded by the higher court; nevertheless, in view of the judgment rendered by the lower court, we feel that in the in- terest of the truth and right we should make this as the statement of men who have been in attendance upon the trial and have given careful consideration to the proceedings: SAMUEL A. MOFFETT, WILLIAM N. BLAIR, s. NORMAN C. WHITTEMORE, w.STACY L. ROBERTS, GEO. MCCUNE, G. CRAM, C. S. DEMING, E. H. MILLER, J. L. GERDINE, H. M. CABLE, P. L. GU.LETT.

H. C. UNDERWOOD, 'See Editorial, page 57.

The first arrests in the present so- The alleged "confessions" were in called "Conspiracy Case" were made stereotyped form and thus bear out the in September, 191 I, and continued at sta:tements of defendants that they irregular intervals through April, 1912, merely assented to the questions form- the number of arrests being about 130, ed by the police and recorded as state- of whom 123 were placed on public ments of the prisoners.

trial June 18, 1912. The official or- The majority of these men are not gan, the Seoul Press, was giving out only Christians but many of them information from time to time inti- Christians of long standing, of tried mating that an indefinitely large num- and proven integrity of character.

ber were involved, and when applica- Their "confessions," while false, were tion by one of the attorneys to consult not in the nature of deception, for they with his client was made in April, it were made under protest, and after was refused on the ground that other such repeated denial that the men who arrests were to be made. This was extorted them could not well be de- subsequent to the publication of the ceived into believing them true. These main feature of the official charges. alleged "confessions" are further Of the 123 men put on trial 5 were clearly proven false:- pastors, 6 elders, 8 deacons, 9 leaders, The "Confeaaiona" 45 baptized members, and 13 catechu- mens of the Presbyterian Church; First. Because of easily established while 8 were Methodists, including alibis in such numbers as to be over- Baron Yun, probably the best known whelmingly convincing. Witness the Christian in Korea. Two were Congre- following ; – gationalists, I a Roman Catholic, 22 Baron Yun's "confession" alleges unbelievers and 4 unknown. Besides him to be in Seoul for meetings at these, 9 men of whom 7 are Chris- 1m's house on certain three dates, tians, were banished without trial in while documentary proof of School June, 1912. and Sunday-school records show him The statements made by the de- to have been in Sengdo on those days fendants on trial were that they were with no possibility of reaching Seoul.

examined at the Gendarmerie Head- Pastor Yaung Chun Pak was in quarters where they denied any knowl- Kwak San for a Bible class of seven edge of the conspiracy until forced by days when his "confession" places him the police to assent to questions pro- in Syen Chun, and in Seoul for twenty- pounded to them. This assent was five days when his confession places given after repeated denials and when him in Syen Chun.

it appeared that there would be no ces- Elder An Choon whose "confession"

sation of torture until such assent was alleges him to have gone to the sta- secured. In some instances men held tion for the purpose of assasination out as long as two or three months, and to have attended meetings in Syen and one said that he was tortured 22 Chun on certain dates was, as Rev.

times. They gave detailed descrip- Mr. Lampe's diary shows, with Mr.

tions of the torture as far as they Lampe on an itinerating trip in the were allowed to do so by the court, country 011 all these dates.

and several times tried to show the Teacher Kil Chin Hyung, son of marks on their bodies. Pastor Kil of Pyeng Yang whose "con-

TRIAL OF KOREAN CHRISTIANS

fession" given, he testified under tor- It is clearly known that two men, ture, after two months of denial, makes Pak and Chang, who were arrested and him state that he went to Syen Chun who made the stereotyped confession and Eui Ju on certain dates, was in of guilt before the police, were at the College in Pyeng Yang on those dates time of the visit of the Governor Genas shown by the records of Dr. Baird eral in the hands of the Gendarmerie and Mr. Billings. for other charges. Since these two men made confessions, which the Elder Chung Ik No's "confession" police were compelled to admit were places him at the station in PyengYang false, suspicion arises as to the truth for the purpose of assassination on a of all the confessions and one is forcday and at an hour when the Minutes ed to the conclusion that false conof the Church Session show him to fessions were extorted by the police. have been at a session meeting in the Library Building where he made a Of course it was admitted that the motion and was appointed on a com- large number of students were at the mittee. station in Syen Chun to welcome the Governor General, but their presence A Syen Chun student's "confession" there was not a planned presence for says he went to the station in Pyeng the purpose of assassination but an Yang, but in court he asserts that he unpremeditated going to the station was sick with typhoid fever for a on the sudden order received from the month at that time. Dr. Sharrock's police. This indictment alleges that records at that time confirm this and the plot was not executed because of show visits made to him in Syen the vigilance of the police, but the Chun. trial deduced not one word in support of this, but on the contrary, the de- Yi Sung Hoon and An Tai Kuk pro- fense can show that no police atduced telegrams and hotel registers tended the Governor General when he to show they were in Pyeng Yang and stood before the students at the Syen Seoul when the Procurator asserts Chun station. they were in Syen Chun. The Missionaries Pastor Cho Tek Chan's "confession" places him in Syen Chun but before Second. Again the "confessions" the Court he testified that on those are clearly proven false, because the dates he was in another country statements implicating the missionaries preaching, and that hundreds that can be disproven. The "confessions" heard him could support that testi- allege that missionaries plotted with mony. the prisoners, secreted revolvers for them, made speeches urging assassina- Besides there were many others, tion, etc., etc. These statements inprobably twenty or thirty, who testi- volving some twenty missionaries can fied that they were "at home," "preach- be shown to be false, but the Court ing in the country," "sick," "at such has refused to allow the missionaries hotels," "in other places," etc., etc., on to be called as witnesses for the the dates when their "confession" im- defense. Five of these missionaries, plicated them in attempts at assassina- ·Whittemore, Moffett, Lee, Becker, and tion; but as the Judge allowed so few Bernheisel, were not in 'Korea .at the explanations, and refused to call witnesses, the details of asserted alibis can not all be given.

time stated, being in America on fur- these things to the police. If I had lough. 110t done so I would 110t be alive to The well-known admission of the tell the truth here." This was not authorities that they do not believe interpreted into Japanese.

that the missionaries were implicated Paik II Chin said: "Under torture is an admission that the "confessions" I would swoon and assent (to the are false; yet false "confessions" questions asked of me) and I would corroborative evidence are the only change it the next day when they were testimony against these men now on read over to me. I never con fest."

trial. These statements were not interpreted The Trial into Japanese.

Evidence of the unfairness of the Yi Chai Yoon (16 years old) said: trial is shown. "I could not stand the beating and 1. In the misinterpretation and lack confest." The interpreter said for of interpretation of the answers given this statement "No" (arimasen).

by the defendants. Witness the fol- Wednesday, July 3, 1912. lowing:- Cho Moon Paik said that he was Monday, July I, 1912. told that he would be sent back to the Kit Chin Hyung said: "I was re- police (from the Procurator) if he peatedly beaten and forced to answer did not reaffirm his testimony given . as I did." This was not interpreted before the police. He said: "I was afraid that I would be killed, as I saw into Japanese. one man killed before my eyes." These NoHyo Ook explained the form of statements were not interpreted into Japanese. torture, but it was not interpreted. Chang Si Ook said: "I was beaten Choi Chu Ik testified to being beaten and abused. This was not interpreted until I was about to throw off my into Japanese. body (die), and answered." This was not interpreted.

Chyeng Tuk' Yun testified that he had been beaten to the point of death, A lawyer rose and spoke to the and said further that he was told that Judge: "The Judge says 'scold' (ljtif he changed his testimony before the meru) and 'avoidable' (yamunaku). Procurator he would suffer again. The interpreter says 'punish' (basse- This was not interpreted into J ap- raru) and some times 'torture' (seme- anese. rant). But the accused go on to tell how they were tortured, and they say Tuesday, July 2, 1912. they were beaten (utaru) , 'bound'

Yi Tong Wha said that for three (shimeraru) , or 'burned' (yakuru).

months in prison he maintained that he The Judge's reply to this was "No was not present at Syen Chun, but notice need be taken of that; they all that he was sick at the time alleged. mean the same (yoshimasho, mina But under continued torture he lost onaj ikoto. ) "

his senses and did not know what he Friday, July 5, 1912. said. These statements were not in- terpreted into Japanese. 1m Kyung Yup had been in Japan, Chu Hyen Chuk (Syen Chun doc- and began his testimony in Japanese tor) said: "It is not strange that I said but had to change into Korean on a<;-

TRIAL OF KOREAN CHRISTIANS

count of not knowing Japanese well refusing to call these witnesses must enough. He said that he had said be that the Court would accept no evibefore the Procurator that his answers dence to contradict a "confession" to the police were made when he had once made. Under such a ruling any "no means," and that he did not know man who is once arrested has no opwhat he said (to the police). He fur- portunity for escape. He may be put ther said that he had been tortured under secret e.x;amination for such a for fifty days. These statements were time and under such conditions as may not interpreted into Japanese. be necessary to extort a confession of guilt, and then, tho he may have 2. By the restricted scope of the ex- absolutely conclusive proof of innoamination by the presiding judge. cence, it will not be heard. One of the witnesses said that for more than two The sole purpose of the examina- months he affirmed that he did not go tion seemed to be to have the accused to the depot as he had been ill at the affirm the records of the police ex- time; being at last forced by unenduaminations, and not to ascertain rable torture to make the admission dewhether or not these records disclose manded, he said that he would tell the real truth of the case. When the facts in the Court. Dr. Sharrocks prisoners denied the statement in the was ready to testify that the man was alleged "confessions" the judge, in- sick ·and under his treatment at the stead of probing into the assertions time mentioned, but the Court refused of tortnre as the reasons given for to call this witness. It is inconceivthese "confessions" sought only to able that "confession" of guilt, which make the prisoners reaffirm their is considered the weakest of testimony former confessions. This effort to should thus override positive inconconfirm the police examination is trovertible proof. bound to give the impression that the judiciary in 'Korea is subservient to Another distinct ground for comthe Police Department. plaint is found in the treatment ac- corded to the American missionaries, In view of the Governor-General"s men whose well-known character enwritten statement: "If any confession titles them to respectful treatment by or statement be taken under torture the Court. Instead of this, alleged it would serve no purpose in the trial "confessions" made on the secret exat the Court," the judge's refusal to amination were read as evidence investigate the assertions of torture in- against the accused. This evidence clicated an attitude at variance with would make these missionaries infathe assurance given by the Governor- mous criminals. These same mission- General that a "fair trial" would be .aries were refused the privilege of granted. testifying against the charges. Their names stand upon the Court records as 3. The refusal of evidence in re- criminals and no word of contradicbuttal of charges. tion is allowed from them. And yet it is said that these missionaries are The defendants asked for various not believed guilty by the higher auwitnesses, amounting in the aggre- thorities. There is no justice or logic gate to perhaps fifty. It was proposed in this position. to prove by the witnesses facts which would establish the innocence of the defendants. Unless there should be a judgment of acquittal the reason for

A KOREAN

AK UNG YUNG'S two or three persons to buy and read copies of the Gospels. _The congregaiPl foster-father was an tion there to-day numbers 140, and official in the palace of one of the office-bearers is the head- the Korean Emperor, man of the village, who said to him, and Pak entered the palace service at the "Get out of this place, you dog."

age of fifteen. Upon the death of Across the country 25 miles is a his father, thirteen years later, he group of villages in a valley. Thither was, according to Korean usage, Pak went. The first to give heed to obliged to resign his position. He his teaching was a farmer who bought returned to his ancestral home at the four Gospels and Acts, and is Tok Bowie, where he had lived for to-day the leader of a group of seven years. One day a man came Christians. He went to Sang Sim and preached near his house, and Li, which means "The town of lofty from him Pak bought a copy of St. thinking." By the Word and his Matthew's Gospel. He read it and instruction, Farmers Pai and Cha re-read it through the night, and in were converted with four others. In the morning sought out the wander- three years the little church had ing preacher, and was led into the grown to twenty members. Pai be- light. He was the only Christian in came a mighty man of prayer, and a district covering 70 miles by 35. said to Cha, "Brother, God has given From the first he worked for Christ, us His Word, but we can not re- but after some years devoted him- ceive its fullest blessing until we have self to colportage service for the given it to others." They toured Scottish Bible Society. the surrounding district with Pak.

Pak's service has been one long The work of grace spread like a line of conquest. He has never known forest fire, until to-day that little defeat. Tok Bowie, the village in group at Sang Lim Li has become which he had lived, was his Water- the mother of 16 churches, besides loo, for if he won there, he need many cottage meeting-places.

fear no place. God was faithful to These are only illustrations of the every promise Pak claimed, and a devoted and fruitful service of this little group of Christians now wor- man. Through his conversion he lost ship there. N ext came An Kol, a much of his property, but he could hotbed of iniquity. The "squire" of live the rest of his life in retire- the village warned the people that if ment. He prefers, however, the long anyone gave shelter to Pak he would rough roads and the mountain passes, forfeit his right to live in the vil- the heavy pack and the enemy's abuse, lage. Now a little church has been because he has had a vision of the built there, with 50 regular attend- Lord. Mr. MiIIer, of Seoul, says: ants. Thirty-five miles east of An "His life is }Vorthy of a place among Kol is Yang San Kol. Here Pak the greatest of our society's workers.

worked and prayed for some time He is made of the stuff we find in without result. Not a door would martyrs. Faith and patience are his open to him. At length he persuaded constant companions."

A NATIVE AFRI CA N CHURCH IN SOUTHERN

PROBLEMS OF THE NATIVE CHURCH IN SOUTH AFRICA BY PROF. HARLAN P. BEACH, NEW HAVEN, CONN.

Professor of Missions in Yale University ~A s the avowed objective difficulties which the missionaries and of South African mis- native leaders are facing in South sionaries is the founda- Africa. tion and upbuilding of a self-supporting, se1f- I-Problems of Environment Time was when the missionary to governing and self- the subcontinent found his constitu- propagating native church, the prob- ency living free and untrammeled lems involved are theirs as well as lives under conditions not differing more distinctively those of the materially throughout South Africa.

leaders of the churches themselves. To-day this is not the case. The in- "Native," it may be stated, is here coming of the white man and his used in the usual sense obtaining occupation of much of the territory in the subcontinent, and desig- of the blacks, as well as his legisla- nates the aboriginal negro and not tion concerning the natives, have ma- the colored, i.e., mulatto, section of terially differentiated their environ- the community. Only a few of the ment. They no longer live where problems connected with the South and as they please, but rather as African native church have been se- white legislation has decreed. Tho lected, and these not for full discus- they outnumber the whites more than sion- space limits prevent that-but three to one in the Union of South rather to make clear some of the . Africa, and in a much larger ratio in facts in the case and to suggest the other portions of the subcontinent,

their habitats are disliked and U11- building outside the reservation limits natural for the most part, and hence, does not meet the convenience of Afpresent problems for· Christian solu- rican Christians who are far more tion. Only four of the types of en- dependent upon frequent public servvironment need be considered, as most ices, such as daily prayers, than we negroes are found living in eme or are. Isolated converts in their huts other of these. are liable to interruption and ob- structive ridicule in their attempts to ( I) The reserves shelter a very nourish their spiritual lives, and large percentage of the natives. Tbe hence the public meeting is desirterm varies in its significance, but is able. Moreover, here in the reservahere employed to indicate land set tion tril;>al pressure, as well as omniapart for the exclusive use of negroes, present temptation to evil, make an tho traders and mi~siollaries may be unusual demand upon the native allowed to reside there under certain Christian's stedfastness. He needs restrictions. Ordinarily, residents of personal help, more than in those rereserves arc amenable to a modified serves where the church or the tribal law, and live under the juris-· church-school is allowed. In the latdiction of native chiefs. This en- ter class of reservations, the church's vironment resembles somewhat closely problem is mainly one of providing the original habitat of the natives. strong leadership in the form of a Here the "red" or raw native is wise native pastor or teacher. In much in evidence, and old customs case the chief or several of his counwith their temptations, especially cilors are Christians, the reservathose connected with marriage, beer tion is a place of strategic importance drinking, circumcision, etc., need to to the church. be combated. Yet this old kraal life is the cause of more nostalgia among (2) Locations are places set apart the masses who emigrate to the locally, usually near cities and towns, mines than that of any other place where natives in the employ of citiof residence. If one visits the great zens must live unless their employers compounds to be mentioned later, provide them lodgings in their homes. one notes a perpetual harking back As might be supposed, the locato the huts of the reservation and to tions, even when as commodious the "good old times" enjoyed there. houses are provided as one sees at Here individualism is lacking very Buluwayo, are the abodes of men largely, and the old communism pre- mainly, and are as devoid of homevails, with its subordination of per- likeness and as fraught with moral sonal to the clan good, as does perils as one can imagine. They are an undue influence emanating from often remote from the man's place of the chief and the leading councilors, labor, so that it entails a weary walk after work is over. Then, too, the In some localities there is no church curfew laws are very rigid in many on the reservation, and in case that towns, and all must be home by nine is not permitted, or is allowed only o'clock. In the one item of church under serious restrictions, the attendance at night, which is typical ch11[ch's problem is to influence the of other obstacles to Christian work, people continuously. To erect a

PROBLEMS OF THE NATIVE CHURCH IN SOUTH AFRICA

the location causes such ministrations imparted. No part of Africa is such to be of little value. The anxious a danger center as the Rand and gaze at the clock and the thought of Kimberly. Unfortunately, the chtll"ch possible arrest if the service does not has little opportunity for continuous quickly close, and the limited time influence here. Such work as she between the end of the day's work does is under the greatest of handi· and curfew, make evening services caps, since the best chance is on partially ineffective and interfere with evening-schools. wc Sunday, a holiday and Vanity Fair Yet on Sundays locations furnish in the compounds, such as have opportunities of reaching the people never elsewhere seen. In the c1ose<L which are lacking elsewhere. Thus compounds of Kimberly none are when 'the projected Durban location allowed to leave its limits, and an becomes a reality, many of the city's abutting chapel; but where compounds 37,404 negroes will be concentrClted are open, such services as that at in a sma.ll space, easily accessible to Johannesburg just mentioned are ,pos- Christian influence, whereas in the sible. Natal reserves they might be scattered over 200 or 300 square miles. Quite as impressive as is the prob- Even as it is, the centers of work ability of evil, which is inseparable at Durban are so near each other from the compound life, are the posthat the writer has attended eight sibilities for good. Many mine worknative services on a single Sunday, ers are Christians, whose character as many a missionary does. Such here finds its Marathon. Unless the centers afford the material for very church helps them, they are almost strong churches, like the main Na- certain to deteriorate, or lose altotive Church of the Wesleyans in J 0- gether their spirituality. Then, too, hannesburg, where we have seen over the multitudes who come up from 1,200 assembled at an ordinary serv- heathen kraals have here their only Ice. opportunity of hearing the Gospel. It is most natural, therefore, that (3) The compound system is much emphasis is placed upon work mainly found in the great mining in these maelstroms of evil. At the centers of the Rand and at Kimberly. Cape Town Conference in July it These immense yards, with their was stated that fourteen societies cheerless barracks, constitute the were laboring at Johannesburg and home of more than a quarter of a on the Rand, and that from 25,000 million natives on the Rand alone. to 30,000 attend services with a fair Men from all parts of the subconti- degree of regularity, to say nothing nent are here herded together in ,a of the large number in mission nightway which makes the local designa- schools. tion, "the university of crime," wholly comprehensible. They stay only a (4) The farms, strange to say, are. year on an average, when they re- not very favorable to Christian work turn to their kraal homes to carry for natives, nor for Christian nurthere the worst that a corrupt civili- ture. Canon Wyche, who has made zation and worse native evils have a most careful study of the prob- lem, aided by some 300 correspond- ents, reports that most farmers prefer

heathen hands and try "to elimini- as Dieterlen, of Leribe, could stand nate trousers from those who are at the head of a union training insti- Christians." They favor polygamous tution, with Taylor, of Natal, and servants, and too often provide their Junod, of the Mission Romande, as laborers with liquor, which mission- associates, a type of native would aries told us in Cape Province was arise who would be equal to any the greatest enemy the church there emergency. Happily, the day of union had to deal with. So o,cattered are training is just dawning, and we such n'atives that church and school may hope for better things in native Frivileges are not commonly enjoyed. leadership than we have hitherto seen The canon's informants led him to -a leadership which must be aggressuggest that schools be established in sively sociological and wisely politisuch circumstances; and others would cal, as well as predominantly theoemphasize, as better still, a church- logical and deeply religious. school under efficient native care. (3) To meet the present demands II-Problems of Leadership of a nascent self-consciousness among the educated native leaders of the If environment presented varied church, coordination must be the difficulties, it is manifest that the watchword of the new order. Subdemand for wise leadership consti- ordination has had its day for the tutes a central problem for the na- most part. White and black leaders tive church. must be at one and wholly brotherly. More and more the former must de- (I) Unfortunately, one phase of crease while the natives increase. Yet its complexity lies in the foreign this can only be possible and prumissionary. He has been too promi- dent when the black minister has been nent in the church, and has person- adequately trained and empowered ally borne too much of its burden for this new program. Wesleyans and devised too many of its plans. and Anglicans have so emphasized Native initiative, so essential to the certain principles of their polity that solution of environmental problems, they are likely to be even more than has been lacking and is still left out in the past leaders in the movement of account by many white workers. for effective cooperation between dif- Exceptions, such as are found in the ferent grades of helpers. Yet there Paris Mission in Basutoland, prove still remains the all-important questhat it would go far toward supply- tion as to how the best use call be ing the remedy, if natives in the made of varying talent. The mischurch were helped to solve the diffi- sionary who combines the qualities of cult questions suggested by "environ- Wesley and General Booth might aid ment, while the white man applied in this matter; no native, not even himself to other matters. Tiyo Sogo, has had, or is likely to have, the wisdom to devise a scheme (2) But there is an almost univer- of coordination which will be at once sal belief among missionaries that acceptable and practicable. whatever the black man is capable of doing, thus far very few natives Ill-Problema of Propaganda have been sufficiently traine<i for their demanding tasks. If such men The Propaganda at Rome has a

PROBLEMS OF THE NATIVE CHURCH IN SOUTH AFRICA

wisdom which Protestants might mental problems described, the peremulate. The present writer, at the meation of every nook of the suboutset of his' African tour, visited continent calls for an immense that ancient and wonderful institu- amount of itineration and a larger tion in the attempt to learn person- number of agents than are called for ally some of its secrets. Needless to in such countries as China and India, say, its highest official but one, who where populations are dense. In Afmost politely received him, was rica this last condition is at the oppoequally polite in his determinatiO!l site pole. Thus, the 1911 census that the Protestant should learn noth- shows that in the Union of South ing from him. One thing he could Africa negroes average only 9.93 COLORED (NOT NATIVE) CHURCHWARDENS OF THE RHENISH MISSION, LAREPTA not conceal from his vi5itor, namely, per square mile, which means that the that any success wrought by the general average proximity to each Propaganda does not come by chance; other is 1,596 feet, tho that figure is it is based upon the best available only given for whites and blacks, not wisdom from Rome not only, but being calculated for blacks only. In from every mission field. The inter- India the ratio of native agents to view, it may be added, was wholly the foreign workers is about one to conducted in the language of China, eight, whereas in South Africa, where where the official had been a mission- the density is a seventeenth as great, ary for years. the ratio is about one missionary to five native agents. In such sparsely ( I) One thing seems evident, settled regions, there is no possibilnamely, that in view of the ellvirOll-

ity of planting mission stations very lands is that of a varied and attract- thickly, nor even outstations. The ive native literature. Here again itineracy is the only way of providing there are exceptions, as the Sesuto the necessary contact of Christian- publications of the Paris Mission and ity with heathenism. So also is it those in Zulu of the American Board.

necessary to strengthen the native It is true that thus far there are few arm for compound work and other readers; yet more could be done in forms of service where personal con- the propaganda, if more numerous tact with multitudes is essential. and different books and periodicals (2) A well-considered and coordi- were available. In a land where· nated plan of cal:npaign is a lack populations are sparse, the printed which must be made good before any page is a preacher to isolated groups wide propaganda is possible. At where a ChristiaI'. could read on a present the various societies are more Sunday a virile sermon, or an inter- careful to avoid trenching on one esting story of Christian daring or another's confines than they are keen service. Then, too, native helpers in to devise plans whereby all negroes their isolation tend to grow repeti- may be reached. The writer found tious and unproductive, if without more evidence of overlapping in the stimulating religious reading and various fields than he did of compre- helpful commentaries. With these hensive, interdenominational plans the spread of Christianity wortld be for covering all the subcontinent with greatly furthered.

systematic itineration.

(3) The propaganda wiII not cease IV-Nationalization of the Church to be a pressing problem until a new This is only an impending question, spirit is instilled into the majority of but it has been discust, and it will South African churches. It was this be argued until it arrives at some spirit which made the Basutoland form of materialization. For'years Christians evangelists to far away this part of Africa has been rent by Barotsiland; it is this spirit which is the activities of Ethiopianism, a making second Ugandas of the re- mingled blessing and bane. Its roots gion west of Lake Nyasa and are many, but it is evident that one Kamerun, just as it has made Ko- alluring item in its program is the rea the marvel of modern evangel- establishment of a church which shall istic effort. In most churches per- be African and not European. To sonal responsibility for spreading the be sure, it is divided denomination- Gospel is confined to a few in a con- ally, yet it has some marks of a gregation-paid helpers or officials in genuine national church.

the church, usually. The lUXury of ( I) Ethiopianism itself is a proof soul-saving they have not learned. that this problem has its very real A multitude of Coilhrds are needed perils, unless its founders and pro- to solve this problem of the native gram arewell-nigh perfect. Africans, church through their tongue and in- even those leaders who have had the spiring example. benefit of an American birth and (4) A notable lack as compared environment, have not arrived at that with what one sees in other mission maturity of judgment and develop-

PROBLEMS OF THE NATIVE CHURCH IN SOUTH AFRICA

ment of initiative necessary for the and most momentous problem on the establishment of a national church. South African horizon. As one of Nor are there white missionaries who the missionary statesmen of the subwould be acceptabe to more than a single denomination, even if they continent, Mr. Jacottet, said at the were capable of so complicated a task. The very conception of an General Conference in 1904: "If enduring movement of this kind calls Christianity is to possess Africa, and for the emergence of a native eccle- there become a living and life-giving siastic who may stand in the same power, it will have to assume an Afrirelation to his race as Booker Vv'ash- can form to meet the demands of the ington, so perpetually quoted 111 Africah mind. If it can not do that, South Africa, does to the American our work is bound to become a huge negro and his educational and indus- failure. The complete Christianizing trial problems. The emergence of of the native mind can only be perils in the recently established Na- brought about by the Christian native tional Congress, with so representa- himself. The native church is ob- viously the only organism which can tive an African as Jolm Dube as its do that work; and it can only do it in so far as it is to be a thoroughly president, is suggestive of the wide African church itself, imbued with range of obstacles lying in the path- African ideas and feelings, and realway of a national church movement. izing the Christian life in a truly Af- rican fashion," :Missionaries are at (2) There is, nevertheless, a real present intimately related to this call for such a church, if Christian- church; and to yield the product of ity is to become indigenous and im- years to an untried experiment, and prove upon the denominational and to attempt the task of guiding the sectional Christianity of Christendom. infant church may be more than they With increasing limitations in their feel like undertaking. They should racial life owing to white legisla- look at it in the light of Principal tion, South African negroes will find Shairp's word, "Toward the forwardthe chief theater of their united ac- ing of this silent, ever-advancing tivities in the church. Growing ani- Kingdom, our little work, whatever mosity to the foreign domination, so it be, if good and true, may contribute restrictive to national development, something." Nor should the proswill probably lead to the determina- pect of added troubles and the probtion to find an autonomy in religion. ability of variance and even strife At first it may be that denomina- deter them from aiding any wise entional leaders of allied churches will deavor to bring in the new order. make out of Methodists and Wesleyans, for example, a national Afri- Leaving the future to work out its can Wesleyan church; later the lead- own destiny, the present item of ing denominations of Christendom transcendent importance in African may become component parts of the missions is the native church. The Church of Christ in Africa. This is few problems here suggested are typiprobably a far-off event, but the pre- cal of many more. They demand of liminary stag'es are in process of de- missionaries careful consideration, of velopment and constitute the deepest us prevailing prayer.

CHRISTIAN OUTLOOK ON THE WORLD *

BY BISHOP W. BOYD CARPENTER.

ISSIONARY work of every country; and in order that that shOUld be the case, the press of EMl must always be one of foreign lands, and above all, the two kinds. In the press of the East, should somehow first instance we all or other be brought under Christian think of the individual influence. These are what I may call souls for whose benefit protective influences for the re;c.1 the missionary works. growth and maintenance of Chris- We must believe that he who goes tian civilization. out preaching the Gospel has a message for every individual soul of Christians in the Past man. Having premised that much, there is a disposition-and perhaps Take a brief survey of the promisit is a providentially guided dispo- ing conditions of the outlook upon the sition-to look at missionary work world. Among .these, first of all, not from the standpoint of the salva- is the extraordinary progress of tion of the individual, but from the Christianity in the past. Christianity standpoint also of the ultimate des- has made its place good, and its hold tiny of the world at large. From that strong upon the world. If we look point of view I think it is wise to back to the days of the Apostles we note what are the conditions now at realize what a thin little stream was work and what are the prospects of trickling forth from the Land of the power of Christian teaching mov- Promise at that time. But the stream ing through the world and establish- has become a river, and the river is ing itself in the present generation. running onward toward the sea. It has broadened and deepened as it has Lord Carnarvon said years ago gone. Whereas in the days, for inthat the greatest power in the world was the power of public opinion, and stance, of Constantine, after the poas we look out upon the world to- litical victory of Christianity, accordday we see that there is slowly being ing to the best calculations there was not much more than one Christian formed what I can only describe as to every ISO of the inhabited world; a world-wide public opinion. A few at the present day the proportion years ago there was public opinion may be not unfairly said to be one of England or of Germany or of person in three of the population of America, as the case might be; but the globe that would call themselves now that newspapers are interchang- Christians.

ing their communications, and the What an enormous change in the distant parts of the East have their interval of those fifteen or sixteen journals also, there is being slowly hundred years! That change has formed a kind of distributed public been most remarkable in that the opinion throughout the whole world. progress has been in an ever-acceler- It is very important that we should ating degree. It is a fair calculation do our best to take care that that to say that at the beginning of the great public opinion should be inter- nineteenth century the Christians could penetrated with Christian ideals. be reckoned as 200,000,000, whereas When it is considered that Christian to-day they can be reckoned as 500,- 000,000. That in itself is a very civilization might any day be threat- promising fact, and I think it is ened by a change of conditions, all a wise thing for us to encourthe more earnest should we be that age ourselves and say, "Here the Christian ideals shall be main- is the energy of the power of Christ's tained in the press not of our own country only but as far as possible *Bishop Carpenter has recently paid a visit to America. He is one of the strong men of the Church of England. This address was delivered to the members of the C. M. S. Clergy Union in the Church Missionary House, London, on Monday, March 18, '9'2. It was reported in the C. M. S. Review from notes taken down at the meeting.-ED. Spirit which has been working at home may of course be repaired through the centuries and at last has by the converts brought into the fold transformed the aspect of the world of Christ in other lands, but that in in such a way that whereas after a itself will not be an adequate comhundred years of the Christian era pensation. The mere maintenance of had run only one out of every 150 numbers will mean little if Europe, of the world's inhabitants acknowl- this great citadel of Christian civiliedged the name of Christ, to-day one zation, is being worn down by loss of out of every three does so." force from within. In the order of God's providence Christianity has What is still more remarkable, the laid hold upon the dominating powers power of Christianity is seen not of the world, and showed that it was merely in the number of its members, not a question of numbers merely but but in the extraordinary ascendancy of the world influence which the of the Christian nations over the Europea,n nations have exercised. world. That is one of the providen- Europe has stretched forth her hands tial things which I can not help think- in all directions and has dominated ing we ought to be always grateful the East and South and West by her to God for. There are plenty of power. But what if her population drawbacks, but I am now pointing is beginning to decline? The presout these encouraging facts, namely, tige which arises from vital strength the progress of Christianity, which of population is a genuine thing, and has won numbers to the cause of if Europe, which is looked upon by Christ, and the fact that this progress has chiefly been among those the East as the great center whence nations which now have the political Christian forces come, turns out to ascendancy over the world. be a dwindling and a withering pow- er, I can not see that Europe will ** * * escape with its ascendancy and its prestige unaffected by those move- The Darker Side ments which are so rapidly advancing in the East and are likely to become Now turn to the darker side, not merely embarrassments to the and look at the factors in the politicians of Europe, but, I think, problem which give us grave rea- also dangers. That is one of the sons for earnest prayer, and oc- factors which we have to consider. casion a certain doubtfulness of Is the Cnristian population of the ourselves. The whole of Europe, the world so growing tha,t it will keep citadel of Christian civilization, is pace with the great progress of the suffering- from a decline of the birth- non-Christian world, or are we derate. There is no single nation in clining in population relatively to the Europe exempt from that decline. Conditions ar.e best in Norway and great masses of mankind? Will our Sweden, where the decline is only children have to say in the year 2,000 that whereas in 1900 Christians foul per cent. The conditions in claimed one-third of the population France, as is well known, are terrible of the world, they are not able to beyond words, France having passed daim so large a fraction? the line of natural increase a year or two ago, and having been obliged to There is a still more serious facwrite a deficit, that is to say, more tor. The withering of population is deaths than births. But what is our one thing, but the withering of faith own case? Our decline within a is a far worse thing, and there are short time has really been more rapid influences at work which are tending than that of France. England and to disturb if not to destroy faith. I Wales stand with the diminution of mention first the materialistic CODseventeen per cent. during the same ditions of our present-day civilizaperiod that Norway and Sweden tion. Men have had to struggle, as diminished by four per cent.

The loss of Christian population

God meant that they should struggle, Then we must reckon that Social- for existence, struggle to gain their ism, from one point of view, is anposition. All human beings are so other. I use the word Socialism to constructed, as it seems to me, that connote an extreme wing. The they are for ever fighting to get into harmony with their surrounding-s, be- Sunday-schools are being conducted cause only when there is harmony by Socialists, which means really between the organism and its envi- Secularists, men who are teaching ronment can the organism be able pure Secularism and therefore are to fully discharge its own functions. anti-religious ill all their influences. Therefore the whole history of the Here is a factor which I think we past is largely the struggle of various should carefully weigh. What has taken place in France should not be civilizations and human beings, tribes forgotten. Under the pretense of and nations to place themselves in liberality France has reached a cona position in which they will be in dition which I can not help regarding harmony with their surroundings and as little short of tyranny. I call it thus be able to use them to the best tyranny when at the' graveside a advantage for themselves, But one strange effect which waits upon all man is allowed to proclaim his atheprogress is this-that the moment people get into harmony with their istic or his socialistic views with loud physical surroundings and the necessity for strenuous effort is removed, voice to an assembled multitude, but they begin to sink into laziness and luxuriousness. When things go in the same graveyard a Christian comfortably with us and we get into a condition of ease, we are then man is not allowed to deliver an oralazily inclined and we do not put out our full energy. Is the materialism tion concerning the Resurrection or we deplore due very largely to the the hope of the life to come. The fact that we have reached a state in which the scale of living has risen same tendency which we see in enormously? A very large proportion of the population can Thive in France is lateri't in all the secularistic comparative comfort, and therefore there is the desire for ease; a little Socialism of to-day. This irreligious more of the folding of the hands follows the comfort. Hence the ma- Socialism is a danger because it is terialism as we call it, which is the domination of bodily indulgence over epxrotrpeamgae~lvdaa,ctiavne.d It never ceases its all the higher faculties, higher qual- it carries on its ities, higher aspirations of our nature. work not in one country only, but in That is one of the temptations of every land, so that it is a factor the day, and I think it is one of which we may well put down on the those dark factors which we ought dark side.

to consider. Men need to fight Another factor to be reckoned with against themselves, fight against their own indolence. After all, the old is the spirit of unrest which is around adage of "high thinking and simple us. It is not merely in our country; living" comes in here, and I think we should be wise to regard the mater- there is unrest, either mental or politialistic conditions of the day as one ical, all the world over~ and when I of the really perilous factors that we cast my thoughts beyond the bounds of Europe and remember the nnrest have to encounter. which is going on in the Far E~st. the upheaval in China, the doubts which are discust in the press of Japan, I can not help feeling that here are elements which may at any moment take a form and a direction which will not be in favor of Christ- ian influence. I am aware that a great deal of the mental and religious unrest in China, Japan and India is largely due to the influence of Christ- ian missionaries. It stands to reason that if we bring religious ideas into these countries that a ferment will

CHRISTIAN OUTLOOK ON THE WORLD

be created in the minds of the peo- It may mean something else, It may ple, they will begin to reflect and to mean newspapers and telegrams and speculate, and they must to a degree telephones. These are what manv become dissatisfied with their own regard as the great manifestations of forms of faith. That is one of the modern civilization. This is the civinecessary effects of the teaching or lization which has beeri laid hold of preaching of Christianity in the world. It can not be helped. It is sometimes by the"e people. The Japanese have necessary to overthrow in order to shown us they can use fleets and build up. But, nevertheless, these weapons of war as well as we can. times of destruction are perilous times·, because they are times of tran- A very interesting man who travsition, and our anxiety is lest those eled in the Far East made a very who have been thrown out of the old striking statement when he said: "I home should not have been brought know the East, and you may take into the new home, under the safe my word for it that a Chinaman is egis of the highest and best religion as good as or better than a Japanese any day, physically, mentaily and the world has ever seen, the faith in morally, and what Japan has done our Divine Master and the peace of China can do better." In other heart and soul which comes through words, Japan and China, having got Him. A transition time is a dan- hole! of what is called modern civiligerous time, because, like Noah's zation, in a short time will be able dove, the soul flies between the rough to show us that they can use them, seas and stormy skies, and the ark "Now," said this man, "it is just a race has not yet been found. Souls in between you and them, and if the that condition of unrest constitute a East gets hold of the idea of its own very grave anxiety for all Christian power before you can fill their minds people. with the Christian ideals of life, then God help you al1." I have put these factors of difficulty forward not because I wanted Oddly enough, I was reading in to depress but because I want to the British Museum one day, and I arouse to the thought that there is came across in a French writer a not much time to be lost. Weare letter written by a Roman Catholic bound to consider that time is a real missionary who had spent the greater element, and that in this affair the part of his life in China. Some one message of the Master does demand had asked what was the secret of haste. The problem presents itself to the prosperity of China and he gave me at this moment as a race between fourteen reasons. Very curious reasthe work of the missionary and the awakening which is taking place, the ons many of them were. He pointed, rapid movement toward modern civ- of course, to the filial ideas which ilization which is going on in the Far possest them, to their temperate East. and quiet life, to their eating fish which he thought was one of the What is meant by this modern reasons of the productivity of the civilization? When I inquire I find population, and so on; and he wound that it is intended to mean aero- up his letter by saying: planes, and steam-engines, and of course guns and ironclads and all "Remember, China has existed as kinds of weapons of war, the sub- it is for countless generations. Babymarine, and hidden mines that are lon has risen and fallen, and Persia Hoating to the danger of all navi- has risen and fallen, 'and Greece has gation. It includes, in fact, all those risen and fallen, and Rome has risen appliances which the wit and the and fallen, and your European civiliscience of men have brought together zations have all risen up, and China for the destruction of their fellows. is the same to-day that she was thou- sands of years ago, but in the day that OIina recognizes her power she

could by her own hand place herself we remember that the power of that at the head of all Europe, and in the truth set us free from the prejudices day in which she awakens to that and from the. destructive influences power, God help them and us." which might have ruined national life, remember also that that truth is owed So that here were two witnesses, to the far-distant parts of the world; the one writing as a Roman Catholic let others be sharers of that freedom missionary from the heart of China, by being sharers of that truth. Mean- the other writing as a man who had while, turn back from the path of traveled and was acquainted with mere pleasure, go into the narrow Oriental life, and both of them way again, learn that life is too great pointed out the same thing that it is and too serious a thing to be frittered a race between the effort of the mis- away. We need the invigoration of sionary and the awakening of the religion among us and we need the Far East. Can we so impregnate the invigoration of moral ideals. We minds of these Oriental people with must be constantly preaching to our the true ideals of Christian civili- people that unless the nation has zation that they shall not, like foolish within its sinews and bones whole- children, make ill use of the terrific some moral fiber, it has lost its power, weapons of modern civilization? To and it can not possess this moral fiber bring the individual to the knowledge save under the inspiration of religion of what Christ is to him, that is a and by the indwelling of the Spirit of great work. But surely it is also a great work to show the necessity, God. from the standpoint of a nation, of Look out on the world of to-day the existence of great ideals which mean protection of the ordinary and see both its opportunities and its maxims of morality, which mean the perils, but see also that the power of recognition of a Power greater than Christ is the same to-day that it ever ourselves that is dominating and was, and do not lose heart. He is directing the world, which mean the an unwise man who ignores the ,reverence for life and the reverence danger and undervalues the power of his foe; while he is the wisest of all for God. who, from the contemplation of every danger, turns his face upward again **** and looks into the face of his Master and knows that the Master Who in- Remember, the spirit which helped terceded at the throne of God and liS to fight for freedom was the spirit upheld His first martyr in his struggle which came from a little band in the is the one Master Who will be with East, It was a gift from Christ us still to the end, and that our labor therefore can never be in vain in the Himself, and we ourselves owe all Lord. that is best in our civilization to-day to Him Who taught that the truth should make us free. Therefore, as DISCIPLES AND MISSIONARIES "MISSION" means "a sending;" from the Greek meaning the same, is "missionary" is one "sent;" the "apostle." When we call the chosen 12, the 12 apostles, we are calling "mission" of the 12 was their being them the 12 missionaries, the I2 "sent sent out at our Lord's command for a out" by our Savior. Paul was also an "apostle" of our Lord. "Disciple" brief, special work. We might also means "pupil," or "learner," and all speak of their mission to the world, who often listened to Jesus to be inmeaning their whole ministry, as we structed by his words were "dismight speak of our own life mission, ciples." The 12 were "disciples," as meaning our appointed duties under well as "apostles." God's will and guidance. "Missionary" is from the Latin; our word

INFLUENCE IN PERSIA AND MISSIONS*

REV S. G. WILSON, D.D. TABRIZ, PERSIA Y the treaty of 1907 backward town, the seat of a Moslem Khanate of the oppressive type, it has IBI Russia and Great Brit- become a fine modern city. Chris- ain divided Persia into tians of various names have flocked "spheres of influence." to it. Armenians, Russians and Ger- mans compose half its population of The continuation of in- 200,000. Christianity holds an in- ~ ternal strife in Persia. fluential position there, for besides Orthodox Russian, Roman Catholic subsequent to the Con- and Gregorian Armenian churches, stitutional movement, led to Russian there are Fussian Baptists, Molakans, military occupation of Tabriz, Kasvin German Lutherans, Armenian Luand other districts in 1909. Since the therans, Armenian Evangelicals and "Shuster Affair" and its accompany- the Church of England. In contrast to Baku, Tabriz – tho its population ing ultimatums were followed by the is estimated to be greater-seems like sending of more sotnws of Kossacks an overgrown village, with its narrow, to Azerbijan, Gilan and Khorasan, it crooked, dirty streets, and its harem has been evident that Russia's hold on life secluded in high walls. It is un- North Persia would be permanent, progressive, unenterprising and of a that either under the name. of a pro- backward and different civilization. Russia will bring in the modern era. tectorate, an occupation or annexation, the sovereignty would pass to the Czar.

The chief interest of America in Persia is in its mission work. As the fields in which our missionaries re- (II) Russian annexation will bring side are all in the Russian "sphere," to an end the gradual depletion of the it is important to inquire what effect ancient Christian population. Who Russian annexation will have on mis- has not been struck while traveling sion work and on Christianity in those in Persia by observing the number of regions. villages formerly Christian which are (I) Russian annexation will bring now occupied by Moslems. The dis- in its train the environment of a trict of Pers-Annenia-from Kara- Christian civilization. It is the habit dagh to Salmas-is a striking example.

in some quarters to speak with scorn In many districts of Karadagh the Ar- of the condition of civilization in Rus- menians have been driven to the high sia. But such an attitude is the out- and rugged hills, abandoning the come of prejudice. Especially in beautiful and fertile valleys to the comparison with Persia, her north- Moslems. The traveler notices a ern neighbor is vastly superior. Let shrine or a church, possibly in ruin, one contrast the condition of Trans- apart or in a Moslem village, and is caucasia under Russia with Azerbijan, informed that it was formerly sur- the best province of Persia. Take rounded by a Christian population.

Baku and Tabriz, two large commer- In some cases the bishop of the church cial cities. I have had more than retains the title to glebes where no thirty years' residence in the latter Christian remains. In the region of and have recently visited the fonner. the Shakoik Kurds, above Salmas, is Baku was a surprize to me. It has a so-called Kurdish tribe, composed wide, asphalt-paved streets, trolleys of families which were Christian at and automobiles, fine blocks of stone no distant date. Under my own ob- buildings, modern schools, various servation, Christian villages have dis- railroad and steamboat connections, appeared north of Tabriz. Two out great petroleum and other industries of three have no Christian people.

and water-works at the cost of thirty They have been driven out by op- millions of rubles. From being a pression. In Khoi, Maku, in Persian * From the Assembly Herald December, 1912. l

Kurdistan, along the uplands of Sal- tagia or religious dissimulation, now mas, we find the same condition. It necessary in order to avoid persecu- was an effort to protect Nestorians tion. In Russia this persecuting (including Protestants) from mas- power of Islam is curbed. In the past sacre and to punish the rape and converts from Islam have found murder of Christians that directly asylum in Transcaucasia from the caused the murder of Rev. Mr. La~ trials they were called upon to endure baree. Under the new regime the in Persia. Under more favorable cir- age-long oppression of Christians will cumstances the number of such con- verts will no doubt increase. The cease. Russian government will have no de- (III) It will put an end to the in- sire nor reason to interfere with ef- forts to convert Moslems, especially equalities of law under which Chris- when carried on prudently and tact- tians have suffered. These can not fully as heretofore. It can be as- be mentioned in detail now. It is sumed that its officials will allow in- well known that in a Persian court creasing liberty for such evangelistic the testimony of a Christian is not work.

received against a Moslem nor is it The work of Bible distribution will valid against his testimony. A Chris- be made easier. Such work is not only tian's blood is valued at a trifle, as a free in Russia, but is much encour- donkey-load of wheat. The pervert aged.

to Mohammedanism, called Jadid-i- Regarding mission schools, there need be no difficulty. The missions Islam, can make extortionate claims will cordially adopt the Russian language as the basis of instruction on the property of Christian relatives. -as the principal language of the cur- For example: If a Christian girl riculum. The missions will conform elopes with a Moslem, she and her to the Russian school law and enjoy new relatives despoil indefinitely her its protection and privileges. An era former family. Was it not a deep of higher civilization, too, will aug- sense of the injustice of their Moslem ment the demand for educated men by masters and the hope of release from. increasing profitable avocations and so decreasing the emigration of edu- their oppressions that led I5,o00 of cated youth, which now drains the ex- the Nestorians to adjure the creed of isting Protestant congregations. .

their forefathers in 1899 and unite, Summing up, then, the outlook is en masse, with the Russian Church? favorable. Assuming the fact, which we have no reason to doubt, that the (IV) Russian administration will in- Russian government, on annexing crease religious liberty. Altho Rus- North Persia, will recognize and le- gally authorize established mission sian law has not yet reached the high- work, we have strong reasons to be- est standard with regard to freedom lieve that such work will enjoy greater of conscience, yet it has improved privileges and opportunities than here- tofore. greatly in the last decade, and the tendency is toward liberty. We are not now comparing it with the ideal, > but with the law and custom of a Moslem country. There can be no doubt that Russian administration will free Persian sects, as Ali-Allahis, Bahais, etc., from the necessity of IN BUSINESS FOR GOD W ILLIS R. HOTCHKISS men- could spend so much time away from tions a friend who has a business business and he said: "It is like this amounting to a quarter of a million -I have a Partner in my business, dollars. He devotes two hours a day and we have an understanding that to business, and the rest of his time to when I am away on His business He the interests of the Kingdom of God. takes care of mine." Someone asked him how it was that he

EDITORIALS

THE JAPANESE AND KOREANS may have implicated others so that the Japanese believed they had good T HE full reports of the Korean grounds for numerous arrests. Conspiracy trial have reached us Weapons may have been found together with newspaper comments which strengthened the belief that violence was contemplated, but it is and correspondence presenting J:tp- not surprizing that many Koreans possest weapons. They are even anese and Korean views of the case. found in houses and on men in the Undoubtedly the Japanese have had United States. It is not surprizing a difficult situation to handle in that friends were not allowed free Korea. It is hard to take over ten access to prisoners before or during million unwilling subjects, in a land the trial or that pressure was where the people had been independ- brought to bear on the accused to ent, and the work of governing cause them to admit damaging evithem with liberality and justice dence. It is also not surprizing that could not be an easy one. Many Japan resented any interference Japanese soldiers and subordinates from missionaries or other foreignwould naturally deal harshly with ers. Such interference may even the subject people and commanders have made the case go harder would at times feel it necessary to against the Koreans. On the other enforce unwelcome laws and take hand it would be difficult for any disagreeable action. man or woman with courage, heart and brain, to see those whom they The Koreans also have been in an loved and believed innocent accused unenviable position. One can not of a crime and imprisoned without be surprized at their feelings of out- taking steps to prove them innoraged patriotism as they saw their cent and to secure their liberty. beloved country in the hands of a foreign power; and as their own au- When accused prisoners first conthority and liberty were curtailed, it fess and then deny their guilt it is is not to be wondered at that many difficult to ascertain the truth. It is Koreans cherished hopes of setting also said that Koreans do not look free their fatherland. They may on assassination with the same horeven have combined for the purpose ror with which it is regarded in Amerand in the hope that patriotic feel- ica, but consider it a legitimate weapon ings and institutions might be kept with which the weak may remonalive. There was nothing wrong in strate against oppression. this, even for Christian Koreans, tho the Japanese could not be ex- The charge of "persecution" is not pected to look upon it with favor. made against the Japanese because of arrests and confinement of Koreans, From a study of the court proceedings and in consideration of the but rests on the ground of the evident character of the charges and of the unfairness in the examination and trial men involved, it would seem that the of the prisoners. This will be seen in general charge of conspiracy made the report of the trial printed on page against Korean Christians is not sus- 39. It is to be remembered, however, tained. The Japanese may have that Japanese judicial procedure difhad reason to suspect a plot against fers radically from that obtaining in General Terauchi, especially since America and England. the assassination of Marquis Ito and Mr. Stevens, and the attack on The Japanese court seems, more- Count Yi W an-Yong revealed the over, to have failed to establish the purpose of some 'Koreans to use guilt of all those who were conviolence. Some Korean prisoners demned and the evidence was strong doubtless con fest to a plot and

that confessions had been secured moral and spiritual ruin of the race under torture or by promise of lib- and be unmoved! Have we not all erty. These confessions were after- one Father? And are we not all ward retracted. The accusations brethren? What would be thought of against such missionaries as Mr. a family that should allow a member McCune, and such Christians as of the household that was living thou- Baron Yun and some of the Korean sands of miles away in destitution and pastors, also seem absurd to those degradation to go unthought of, unwho know the character of the men. cared for, unaided, because remote They would scorn the thought of from home? Is not that very remotemurder and would repudiate the sug- ness a reason why the heart goes out gestion of assassination as sinful, and in especial tenderness in that direcconspiracy against Japan as impolitic tion? Let a Christmas season come, and futile. An appeal has been taken and the annual love tokens be disto the judgment finding most of the tributed, and the first child provided accused guilty, and it is hoped that the for will be the absent one, nay, even retrial will reverse the decision in the alienated one. Such is the love of many instances. God and the love born of God; it seeks the farthest, neediest, poorest, OUR DEBT TO HUMANITY first of all, because the more liable to be overlooked. (Paul's Missionary Principles II.) Indifference to foreign missions is PAUL was moved to preach by the the natural outcome of infidelity and principle of obligation. "I am materialism. Deny the unity of the debtor both to the Greeks and to the human family; make man the off- Barbarians, both to the wise and the spring of the monkey or the clod of unwise." He was a debtor, owing and earth, and a true manhood the result owning a debt-something was due, of development, and the logical effect from a man who had such ample reve- is apathy toward a pagan world. Then lations of truth, to the rest of man- the Hottentot is a brute and the French kind. governor of the Isle of Bourbon is right: "You may as well attempt to Ve often speak of the family of convert oxen or asses as to make man. God's universal Fatherhood in- Christian men out of the Malagasy." volves and implies man's universal If fetish worshipers are brutes, at best brotherhood, and this brotherhood im- only on the long road toward manplies a mutual bond of obligation. vVe hood, why not let them alone and are each our brother's keeper. Huber, take care of the higher products of the great naturalist, observed that a evolution! Let these millions of canwasp or an ant would not stay alone nibals die eating each other; it matto enjoy some precious morsel, but ters not if they are never evolved! would go to the nest and return as leader of a host that might partake of . But the instant we heartily believe the same delicacy. If I have found that God has made of one blood all the Bread of Life lowe a duty to my nations of men; that the family of hungry and perishing brother to sup- man is one; that there is no human ply his needs, especially since the more I divide my loaf the more it multiplies. being however embruted or brutal that He that is content idly to enjoy the is a bntte/ that behind the darkest skin gospel blessings, without caring for and most bestial physique an immorthe starving, dying millions, is guilty tal soul burns like a gem buried in the of inhumanity. There is such a thing dust; that the Maori, Papuan, Tierra as encouraging a monopoly in salva- del Fuegan is our brother, and capable tion. And monopoly is monstrous in of a future equally glorious with that proportion to the value of the article of any other soul-the moment we monopolized. must accept this truth, such indiffer- ence can not survive.-A. T. P. How can any man contemplate the

WORLD-WIDE

MISSIONARY NEWS World Challenges and with the exception of the reaction- ary section of the Cumberland Presby- r. A new China-What will it be? terians, most of the denominations 2. An enlightened Japan-Whose seem to be ready to confer. It is diflight? ficult to understand how any Chris- 3. An educated India-What kind tian body can refuse to enter such a of education? conference. The first step toward 4. A reformed Turkey-Reforma- unity is a better understanding. Many tion or regeneration? need to be educated, and when they 5. A civilized Africa-Mohamme- learn the points of agreement and difdan or Christian. ference there will be more sympathy and harmony. None are asked to give World Opportunities up truth or conviction, but all are asked to unite in affirming what is I. A bundle of peace treaties- held in common and in working for Now for the "federation of the the end which is of supreme importworld." ance to the Master of all. If there is to be any adequate unity, there must 2. A growing world market-Not be first a joint reassertion of a few exploitation, but Christianization! fundamentals, and second, a yielding, in the spirit of love and liberty, in 3. A changing Orient-"Strike the matter of non-essentials, of church while the iron is hot!" government, worship, ordinances, and personal opinion. The life and spirit 4. An awakened home church-Let are of first importance; the form and us forge resolves into deeds! . expression may differ.

5. A forward movement-Let us Federal Council in Chicago join the procession! THE second quadrennial conference World Tragedies of Protestants in America was held last month in Chicago (Dec. r. Two hundred and seven millions 4-10). Four years ago in Philabound by caste-from Hinduism. delphia the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in Amer- 2. One hundred and forty-seven ica was launched, representing more millions permeated with atheism- than 30 denominations and nearly from Buddhism. a score million members. The im- pressive program in Chicago included 3. Two hundred and fifty-six mil- addresses by such men as Vice-Presilions chained to a dead past-from Confucianism. dent-elect Marshall, William J. Bryan, 4. One hundred and seventy-five Prof. Walter Rauschenbusch and millions under the spell of fatalism Prof. E. A. Steiner. A banquet at the –from Mohammedanism. La Salle Hotel was among the special features. . Among the topics discust 5. Two hundred millions more sit- were cooperation with organized labor, ting in darkness-from Paganism.-L. temperance and reform legislation, in- B. Wolf, in Lutheran Church Work. ternational peace, uniform marriage and divorce laws and similar problems AMERICA no.,,,,: entering into the present social Outlook for Church Unity cnS1S.

MOST of the Protestant denomi- nations have indicated their readiness to join in a conference on questions of faith and order, the plan proposed at the Cincinnati Convention of the Episcopal Church in 191 r. During the last six months several informal conferences have been held by the leaders,

The Methodist Budget few weeks since. Not only are there more students than ever this year in THE commission on finance of the the school, but ;f larger proportion Methodist Church which has su- than in any former year have had pervision of the benevolences re- university and col1ege training. The cently fixt the apportionment at Italian department has found it im- $4,125,000 in closing a two-days' ses- possible to accommodate all its apsion made up the following budget :- plicants. Not many higher institu- tions of learning gather their stu- $270,000 for the Freedmen's Aid dents from a wider range, either de- Society, Cincinnati. nominational, educational or geo- graphical. $210,000 to the Board of Sunday Schools, Chicago. International Y. M. C. A. Headquarters $I35,000 for the Board of Educa- T HE new 12-story headquarters of tion, N ew York City. the National Board of the Young Women's Christian Association at $1,560,000 to the Board of Home Lexington Avenue and Fifty-second Missions and Church Extension, Phil- Street, N ew York City, is said to be adelphia. the largest structure ever erected for a National Women's Organization. $I,800,000 to the Board of Foreign Missions, New York City. The lot upon which the building stands was given by Miss Gould, $50,000 to the Church Temperance who is a member of the National Society (designated by the General Board. The building contains the ad- Conference) . ministrative offices and a Training School for Secretaries to Young $100,000 to the American Bible So- Women's Christian Associations, acciety (designated by the General Con- commodating 100 students. An audiference). torium on the second floor will ac- commodate 300 persons. Above are Moody. Bible Institute to be Enlarged the living rooms and a roof garden.

PLA"JS for an additional building The Sacrifice to the Beast to be erected within the present year, costing approximately $250,000, T HINK what it means-the awful were recently approved by the trus- statement that of 300,000 women tees of Moodv Bible Institute. The and girls living in houses of ill-fame in North America 60,000 (sixty thou- Rev. James M. Gray, dean of the sand) are Canadian women and girls! Think of the rescue work recently institute, reported that I,695 students undertaken by Presbyterians in Monhad been in the various departments treal, and that of the sixteen girls in the year, from Canada, England, rescued and cared for in the short Scotland, Wales, Sweden, Switzer- time the Home has been in operation, land, Australia, New Zealand, Aus- all but three fell in homes where they tria, Russia, Japan, India, Turkey and were employed as servants, and Mexico, and almost every State. The through men who live in these homes! financial report showed assets of Think of the horrible work of the $927,I70. As a result of 15,065 white slave trade, where innocent meetings in jails, hospitals, churches girls, under various pretexts, are and missions, 4,308 conversions to the lured to some place under false prechurch were reported. In addition, tenses, ruined, kept prisoners there 9,266 Sunday-school and Bible-classes until, hope and character gone, they were taught and 13,I24 visits to lodg- abandon themselves to their hopeless ing-houses, jails and homes were life and are never heard of more! made.

The Bible Teachers' Training School MRS. JOI-IN S. KENNEDY has just given $100,000 to this excel1ent institution. With the largest registration in its history, the Bible Teachers' Training School, New York, opened for the fal1 term, a

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Mi••ion Work for Japanese in all to $2,499,815, an increase in five years of sixty-six and two-thirds T HE Japanese are surely an active, per cent. Of that amount the largest vigorous race. The Christian denominations contributed as follows: Japanese missions and churches on 338,500 Methodists gave $870,408 ; the Pacific coast have now founded 290,000 Presb:>:terians gave $808,637; an interdenominational missionary so- 180,000 Anghcan~ gave $353,762; ciety, the "Dendo Dan," whose aim and 135,000 BaptIsts gave $292,842. is to bind the missions of the various churches together and cooperate in Canada's Immigration Problem reaching all Japanese in this country where organized Christian work is REV. G. WATT SMITH, of being done. They have sent out two Ottawa, dealing with the untraveling representatives, who, among paralleled influx of people into Canother things, are carrying Japanese ada, writes in the Glasgow Herald: Scriptures for sale and distribution. "The stream of settlers is running Mr. MeIl, our Agency Secretary, has at the rate of 1,000 every day made an arrangement with them to at present. The Government and snpply them with Scriptures on terms railway authorities have little diffisatisfactory to them, and they will re- culty in coping with the unpreport monthly on their sales. The cedented rush, but the churches are "Dendo Dan" has the good will and miserably behind. They can not do support of all denominations and is anything like enough to provide the the authoritative Japanese agency for necessary means of grace in lands such work on the Pacific coast.- where townships are springing up in Bible Society Record. a week. Therefore, from the practical side is coming a strong appeal that· A Japanese Y. M. C. A. Secretary wasteful overlapping shall cease, if only to set at liberty a host of men for THE Union Pacific Railroad Com- service at the frontiers, among those pany employs more than 700 who need the ministrations of the Gos- Japanese, while in the employ of vari- pel most, when they are forming their ous other railroads west of the Mis- homesteads and rearing their young sissippi are enough more of the men families." of Nippon to bring the number of Japanese railroad men up to 6,000. "T Porto Rican Progress Most of them are engaged in the HERE have been many doleful construction and maintenance of the prophecies as to the certain failroadways. To be a friend and guide ure of American occupation and adto the Union Pacific's Japanese em- ministration of the islands which ployees Mr. Y. Inouye has recently were taken over at the close of the been appointed by the Railroad De- war with Spain. These forecastings partment of the International Y. M. have failed of realization. Observ- C. A. Mr. Inouye is a member of the ers of other nationalities bear flatter- Congregational church in Cheyenne, ing testimony to the happy results Wyo., and will conduct his work which have followed American occufrom that city. pation in the Philippines. A French writer has been studying the re- Canadian Fruit of the Laymen's sults in Porto Rico and bears wit- ness which is most gratifying. Movement Property values have more than doubled. So have wages. 'There AT the annual meeting of the has been notable progress in educa- Canadian Council of the Lay- tion. In 1899 over 83 per cent. of men's Missionary Movement, held the population could neither read nor not long since, some very interesting write. There is now compulsory edufacts were presented. Secretary Cas- cation. There are over 1,000 schools, key reported that during 1911-12, the Canadian gifts to missions amounted

II 1,000 pupils enrolled, 1,000 pupils John L. Jarrett, both of whom have in high-schools, and 8,000 in night- had long experience in Christian work schools and kindergartens. Under in South America, to establish a mis- the Spanish regime the pupils in sion in the Putumayo country on the schools did not exceed 18,000. There headwaters of the Amazon in Peru.

has been remarkable improvement in This is the district out of which there public health since American posses- recently came horrifying stories of tor- sion began. The hookworm had tures atrociously inflicted by their plagued the inhabitants without re- masters on the Indian slaves who gard to race or color. It caused one- gather rubber from the Amazonian third of the deaths. Public dispen- forests. Word of these outrages saries for treatment of the malady stirred the British people deeply. While have been organized. About one- politicians demanded that the govern- third of the entire population has ment should protest to the republic of been treated. Of 50,000 patients Peru, church people began to consider treated last year 40 per cent. were the sending of missionaries to work cured, and 20 per cent. much relieved. among the Indians and be as far as There is honest and efficient admin- possible their friends and defenders.

inistration of public affairs," At a farewell meeting in London Missionaries Return to Mexico Messrs. Glenny and Jarrett declared that they anticipated no interference FOR nearly a year now our work in with their mission from Peruvian of- Mexico has been prostrated by ficials, and Dr. Glenny reported that the revolution. Particularly have we suffered in the state of Chihuahua he had had private assurances from where revolutionary bands have friends connected with the government crossed and recrossed the country, of Colombia that moral support at least destroying villages, homes and prop- would be given them from that nation. erty generally, until the people were I f there is any difficulty whatever, the in desperate condition. The mission- missionaries propose to live across the aries, except at Mexico City and Guadalajara, who were obliged to leave the Colombian line and do their work in Peru on itinerating trips.

country upon the advice of our Progress of the Gospel in Peru T government, have been patiently HE missionaries of the Regions Beyond Missionary Union have waiting until conditions were sufficiently settled to warrant their return. been at work faithfully in Peru, and Surely the people never needed them have many signs of God's approval, as they do to-day. especially in the city of Curzco.

Mohammedans in Latin America There have been conversions, bap- T HE Revue du Monde Musulman tisms, well-attended preaching serv- is a scientific and well-edited ices, and Sunday-schools. This has publication. In a recent number Mo- naturally aroused the Bishop of Curzhammed Dschingniz reports that the co to strenuous efforts to counternumber of Mohammedans in Central act the influence of the Protestants. and South America is about 158,000. He tried to have the civil authorities The majority of these live in Brazil, support his efforts, but they refused. where seven papers in the Arabic lan- Then he issued a pastoral letter and guage are being published. A large caused it to be posted on all the number of these Mohammedans are church doors of the city and district. coolies from India. He stated that the object of the Prot- estant propaganda is the spreading of Missionaries to the Putumayo Indians the false, erroneous, immoral doc- THE Evangelical Union of South trines of the apostate Luther, and America, an independent mission warned his people of the clangers which has headquarters in London, has which "the sons of lies and false 're- sent Dr. Elliott T. Glenny and Rev. form" had put before them, to make

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them fall into heresy and vices to the Girls' Village Home (consisting of danger of eternal perdition. Then 1,300 girls), have been added to the he forbade the faithful, under the grand work. penalty of mortal sin, to go to the meetings of the Protestants; to send The Salvation Army their children, pupils, or servants; to read or obtain Protestant Bibles and THE Salvation Army Headquarters literature; and to bring immediately in London receives, on an averto the clergy or to the father con- age, 1,000 letters a day. Salvationfessor all Protestant printed matter ists have distributed 10,000 leaflets which they had in their possession. in the prostitute quarters of Japanese cities, explaining that the Army Thus opposition has come to the homes are open to those wishing to work of Christ in South America, leave their present life. The owners from those who profess to be His of the places are described as franfollowers, but who have kept the tically buying up the circulars. The light of the Gospel from the people. Salvationist report announces that 105 fishing-boats were saved in the EUROPE North Sea in 1911 by the Army life- boat, "Catherine Booth." The World'. Greatest Bible Society New C THE CONTINENT •Mission I N 1804 the British and Foreign enter for the MeAII Bible Society was formed in London. It has had a steady growth T HE fortieth anniversary of the ever since, both in the number of MeAll Mission in Paris was copies annually sent forth, and in the number of languages. The report celebrated by the dedication of a fine for the last five years is as follows: building on the Rue Pierre Leve, just off the Avenue de la Republique, the Year Copies Languages great thoroughfare of Eastern Paris, 1907 5,688,000 412 which has been provided by Ameri- 1908 5,934,000 418 can contributors at an expense of 1909 6,620,000 424 $100,000. In the building are two 1910 6,975,000 432 lecture-halls, one seating 500 and the 19II 7,394,000 440 other 200, room for boys' and girls'

guilds, classrooms, roof-garden, gym- Dr. Barnardo's Homes nasium, evangelist's apartments, etc.

T HE 46th annual report showed The president of the meeting, M. that on December 31, 1911, altogether 75>462 children had passed Bach, remarked that, in giving this through the rescue doors of Dr. Barnardo's homes, and that 2,2II of building, America had done far more them were admitted last year. Twothirds of these children came from for Paris than in presenting the statthe country, and one-third came from London. At the end of the year ues of Washington, Lafayette and there were 9,049 boys and girls in the homes. Of the 1,008 young emi- Franklin. These recalled a glorious grants sent out in 19II, 1,002 went to Canada, and 6 to Australia. In past. The new building will con- 46 years 23,622 emigrants went out from the homes, and 98 per cent. of tribute to a better future. them are successful. The total in- Religious Toleration in Spain!! I come of the homes was $1,192,750, of which amount $283,5°0 came from S PAIN is breaking with its intolerlegacies. Lately the Boys' Garden ant past. Religious toleration is City, which accommodates 900 boys, now secured for all evangelical workand the Australian Hospital at the ers, who find many ready to welcome their ministry. The circulation of the Bible increases, and there is a greater willingness to read Gospel literature. In the recent synod of the Spanish Reformed Church, the min, isters read encouraging reports of the divine blessing that rests upon their work, and told of increased seIf-

support. The excesses of anti- sian Work (Inner Mission), was religious propaganda in Portugal have added in Vienna on May 28th. It led seriously minded people to con- is intended to secure the cooperation sider their duty to God. Evangelical of all Austrian societies and instituliterature is being read, and many tions through this central body. new faces are seen at the services. Mission tours have brought the Lusi- Is Rome to Be Reformed? tanian Church into touch with Bible readers in rural districts, where work PROF. LUZZI, the eminent Walwas formerly impossible, and in spite densian professor of theology, reof the pervading political discontent, siding in Florence, Italy, believes that the church makes progress. Roman Catholicism is on the eve of a marvelous reformation from within; The "Los Von Rom" Movement he writes: "In the whole history of the church of Rome there has never been T HE Evangelical Church Council a period that compared with the pres- in Vienna has published the fig- ent one. History records in every ures concerning the accessions in period sporadic cases of rebellion 1911. The Lutheran Church was easily hushed by violence. But now joined by 4,302 persons, and the lhe rebellion is growing vast, is gain- Reformed Church by 589, no figures ing the enthusiasm of the best, is bebeing available in regard to acces- ginning to rouse the interest of the sions to the Old Catholic, Methodist, laity." Congregational, Moravian, and other churches not officially recognized by Settlement Work Impossible in Russia the Austrian Government. Of these, 4,891 were admitted to the Evangel- I N November, 1906, a number of ical Church, 4,348 came directly from public-spirited Russians organized the Roman Catholic, while only 1,179 a society for the purpose of carrying members of the Evangelical Church on social settlement work in one of became Roman Catholics. In 1910 the most crowded and neglected parts the number of accessions from Ro- of Moscow. The government granted manism directly to the Evangelical a charter, the society was duly regis- Church was 4,695 (see MISSIONARY tered under the name "The Settle- REVIEW, September, 19II, page 646), ment," and before the dose of the so that there was a decrease of 347, year a little corps of teachers had but 1910 was the year of the promul- commenced work. The people gladly gation of the infamous Barromaeus received them, and the work ex- Encyc1ica, which drove large num- tended rapidly, until it included nursbers of Roman Catholics out of that eries, schools, libraries, playgrounds, church. The number of accessions children's gardens, lectures, excurto the Evangelical Church in 191I sions, and uplifting agencies of all was larger than that of any year from kinds. Then the reactionaries' atten- 1902 to 1909. Since the "Los Von tion was attracted, and soon the Po- Rom" Movement commenced in No- lice Prefect of Moscow was told that the Settlement was "exerting an invember, 1898, 63,635 have joined the jurious influence." He appointed a Evangelical Church, while the Old special commission of investigation, Catholic Church has received almost which, without visiting the Settlement 18,000; and the large majority of or examining its managers, reported these thousands came from Rome. in such a way that the Governor- General of Moscow ordered the mat- The increasing strength of the ter laid before the Council for the Protestant cause in Austria is seen Regulation of Societies. It closed the from the fact that last winter a so- Settlement and stopt all its activities. ciety for church sustentation (Gemeinschaftspflege), in Austria and Hun- The managers of the Settlement gary, was founded, to which an Evan- thereupon appealed to the Russian gelical Central Society for Home Mis- Supreme Court, asserting that the

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superficial and secret investigation of hurnan family. "Of the high perthe special commission had wholly sonal qualities of the Turk-his courmisrepresented the aims of the Settle- tesy in intercourse, his intellectual ment and the tendency of its work by capacity, his courage and his ability stating that its methods of instruc- to lead-there has never been any question. Had he developed a capaction tended to undermine authority ity to adapt himself to the free inor change the existing structure of stitutions which he nominally adopted society in a political sense. The Supreme Court asked the Minister of after the revolution which expelled the Interior and the Minister of Pub- Abdul Hamid, he might yet remain lic Instruction for an expression of secure in his European possessions." opinion concerning the case. Both There are no foreign missionaries sustained the conclusions of the spe- in Servia, Montenegro and Greece. cial commission. Then the Supreme The Board has stations at which mis- Court approved the closing of the sionaries reside-Samokov, Philippop- Settlement, and thus an end has been olis and Sofia in Bulgaria, and Monput to all settlement work along liberal lines in Russia. The Russian astir, Salonica, Elbasan and Kortcha in Macedonia. At Adrianople there Government seems still to be afraid is a native Greek church connected of the amelioration of social condi- with the Constantinople station. The tions among the poor by means of Methodist Episcopal Board has a schools, libraries, public lectures, and small missionary force in Bulgaria, similar agencies. chiefly north of the Balkan range.

MOSLEM LANDS Uprising Among Oriental Women Missionaries in the War Zone W ITH the proclamation of the constitution in Turkey in Au- DR. J. L. BARTON, of the Ameri- gust, 1908, thousands of women threw can Board, says that missionary off their veils and streamed into the work for the most part, in both Bul- streets with their husbands to join in garia and Macedonia, is at a stand- the general shout of "liberty." Tho still, because of the war. There are this proved to be a premature atbetween 40 and 50 American mis- tempt and the women have since been sionaries in the countries now forced back into their former secluplunged in this war, says Dr. Barton. sion, yet below the surface the fer- The most of these are in the Balkan ment continues unabated, and it can States, while I I are located in four not be long before the social life different places in Macedonia. Four of Turkey is transformed. The last of these, Rev. and Mrs. Phineas B. few years have seen the birth of a Kennedv and Rev. and Mrs. Charles national consciousness in Persia, and T. Er(ckson, are in the interior with it there also an awakening has among the Albanians; four others, begun among the women. In one Rev. and Mrs. William P. Clarke town a hundred schools for girls and Misses Mary L. Matthews and have been opened within a year; in Delpha Davis, are at Monastir, one orie of the largest a mother was found of the Turkish frontier military head- sitting in the same class with her two quarters; three others, Rev. and Mrs. daughters, the youngest a child of William C. Cooper and Rev. Dr. Ed- seven. In China, also, schools for ward B. Haskell, are at Salonica, on girls are springing up like mushthe sea. "(jams in almost every province, and tho, owing to the lack of qualified Further Light aa to the Turk teachers, much of the work that is being done is almost comically crude, THE Congregationalist presents a yet the pathos of these women's view of the Turk which is not eagerness turns laughter into somecommonly held. The usual conception of him makes him one of the thing nearer tears. least attractive of the members of the

INDIA higher classes. The number of work- ers in this district is 300, including Christianity as Revealed by the Census missionaries and assistants, men and women. Baptisms now number about T HE London Ti~ncs gives an analy- 2,500 a year in this district, and in sis of the completed figures of the the Conference nearly 10,000 a year. last census taken by the British gov- These figures could easily be doubled ernment, which is brim full of en- if the workers were not overburdened. couragement. "There are 3,574,000 native Christians in India-apart Mi….ion Schoolboys in India from Eurasian Christians. The Ro>- man Catholics still have first place, T HE following interesting .account with 1,394,000 adherents, but the ad- of native boys in a mission school vance of Roman Catholicism in the in India is from the Etah News Bulledecade is surprizingly small com- tin, and refers to the Boys' Boardingpared with Protestant progress. In school in Etah: "These boys are surthe ten years the Protestant Chris- prizing1y like American boys. There tians have increased by nearly half are, of course, some differences. They a million, compared with the 272,000 are different in color. (I have still to increase among Catholics. The Bap- be convinced that a white skin is more tists have grown in numbers from becoming to the 'human form divine' 217,000 to 331,000 and are now only than beautiful shades of brown). a few hundreds behind the Anglicans, Most of the boys are probably more who take first place with 332,ooo-an comfortable on their heels than on a increase of 26,000 in the period. Con- bench. In the study-room they work gregationalists have made very and read aloud. And right here is the marked numerical progress, especial- most rem:ukable thing about the ly in Southern India, and they now school, the fact that Brahmans and have 134,ooo—an increase of 97,000 other high-caste boys sit on the same in ten years. The Presbyterians have benches with the lowest of the low, added 120,000, and the Methodists those people who have been known in 96,000. The total Christian popula- India as the 'untouchables.' tion of India is now nearly four millions, or about one in every eighty "This has been brought in two of the 315,000,000 living in the great ways. The school was started and is Dependency." maintained primarily for Christian boys. High-caste non-Christians can Progress Seen in One District come or not as they please. Their par- ents have thus never been in a posi- REV. THOMAS S. DONEHUGH, tion to dictate to the management, superintendent of the Meerut for the school is no way dependent District of the American Methodist upon them. The second reason is a mission, renders a :.tirring report of modern miracle of the Christ, for He progress in the Snrthw(st Confer- has redeemed these boys to a large ence. This division of the field in- extent even socially. It must give a cludes the territory west of the Gan- high-caste Hindu father a strange senges from Allahabad to the frontier, sation to have a boy from a people where work was not formally opened that he has always considered brainor constituted into a separate con- less leading the class in which his boy ference until 1892. After 30 years is, and, what is more, having that 106,000 Christians are reported in class taught by a man from the same this territory. The Meerut district, a people. Nothing can have such a part of this Conference, covers a re- levelling effect upon Indian society as gion almost the size of New Jersey, this, and it is India's terrible religiouswith a population of about 3,500,000. social system that forms the greatest Here there are 27,353 Christians, obstacle in this land to the spread of chiefly from the Sweepers and Cham- the kingdom of God. ars, but many are from other and "If some of the low-caste Christian

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boys took prizes on the last day of CHINA school in general efficiency, it is also true that in one of the lower classes a I Statistics of the Chinese Church little Mohammedan boy walked off T must not be thought that the newwith the Bible prize." ly-organized Church is insignif- icant in numbers. It contains over An Indian Pastor'. District 600 missionaries, clerical and lay, men and women-American, English, T HE Rev. J. Gnanapragasam has Canadian, Irish and Australian, more charge of a sub-district of Ellore than roo Chinese clergymen, nearly covering an area of about 600 square 700 Chinese school-teachers, 30 Chimiles, and having some 600 Christians nese doctors and about 600 other and ISO inquirers in 28 villages. He trained Chinese workers who give is assisted by 34 paid Indian workers, their entire time to carrying the Chrisbut he is the only person in holy orders tian message to their fellow-countryto minister to the spiritual wants of men. T'bese men and women are the sub-district. He writes: "My po- really the most efficient agency in the sition corresponds to that of a rural Chinese Church. Many of them are dean' without any curate to assist me. qualified to take the lead in develop- The Lord has fulfilled in me His word ing the Church of the future. The that was given when He sent me to Church also has 7 colleges, 455 the Telugu country-'As thy days so Church-schools of all grades and' 47 shall thy strength be.' Since October, hospitals and dispensaries. It min- 1910, 33 adults and 42 children have isters and directs religious work in been admitted by baptism. Two old no fewer than 842 cities and towns villages have been reopened and two of the new republic. It not only new ones were occupied. Four new pushes on its work among the Chivillages have applied for instruction, nese, but it ministers also to 29 conbut neither men nor means are avail- gregations of English and Americans, able. A vast tract of mountainous thus trying to keep those who come country, unexplored by any evangelist, from other lands firm in the Christian lies between the Ellore and Dumma- ideals and standards which are so gudem mission districts." hard to keep in the Orient.

TIBET China's Spiritual Outlook The Bible in the Tibetan Tongue RETURNING from a visit to China, Colonel Lamb, of the Sal- T HE Moravian Himalaya mission vation Army, gives an encouraging re- to Tibetans reports the comple- port as to the possibilities of extendtion by its missionaries of the trans- ing the Army's operations in that lation of the entire Bible into the country, for which, he believes, the easy classical Tibetan language. The opportunity is ripe. On the general New Testament has long been com- outlook he says :-"There is a great pleted, and is being extensively dis- awakening in China-how wide-spread seminated. "Besides the regular Sunday and week-day services for it is or how deep it is, nobody can both Christians and heathen at the say. There is an important native stations, evangelistic work has been movement in progress. The man recarried on by missionaries and native- sponsible for it is the grandson workers around the stations and on of the first Chinese ambassador to longer tours. Leh has an organized London. He has seen our work in hospital where each day's medical Japan. He is an earnest Christian, work commences with morning and believes that the spirit, methods, prayers, and medical as well as spirit- and ideals of the Salvation Army will ual aid is rendered the sick and suf- give him that practical expression of fering at each of the four stations." the Christian faith which will produce the greatest and best results among

his fellow-countrymen, to whose m- The movement is full of promise and terests he is entirely devoted." full of risk; but the missionaries in Enlarged Work in Prospect the city are alive to the situation, and are seeking to guide it into spiritual T HE mission board of the Episcopal rather than merely patriotic ways. Church is making an appeal for Presbyterian Plans for China $200,000 as a special fund for the en- P largement of its work in Shanghai, RESBYTERIANS are planning vigorous measures to meet the Hankow.and Wuhu by securing more land and buildings. The Presbyterian current crisis in China. The Board board is planning to send out IO new of Foreign Missions asks for $700,- missionaries, not counting wives, dur- 000 within the next three years, in ing the present year and to raise an- addition to the usual income. To nually for the next three years, $245,- make the money really effective men 000 over and above the regular con- and women are needed. The Board tributions for sending them out. therefore calls for 100 volunteers- The Hidden Fruits of Bible Distribution 67 men and 33 unmarried women. It hopes to send one-half the number A CHINESE teacher in Shanghai, during the coming year; the others whose father had held a com- are to follow during the succeeding mand in General Gordon's "Ever-Victorious Army," gives the following two years. Nearly one-half the account of his conversion: "When amount asked for will be needed to Gordon bade my father goodby," he provide 80 residences for the in- creased staff. The remainder will be said, "he presented him with a beauti- used chiefly for schools and hospitals. ful copy of the Chinese New Testa- The women of PhHadelphia have alment. My father never read it, but ready promised $roo,ooo. kept it among his treasures. When I JAPAN-KOREA was about IS, I found the book and The Missionary Motive read it constantly, tho not as a believer! Some years afterward I met .SAYS Dr. Sidney L. Gulick to cer- tain statesmen and educators of a colporteur and saw that he was seIling similar books. He talked with me Japan: "As a missionary I came to and discovered that I knew .already Japan not to proclaim a certain kind much about the Gospel. From this of philosophy or creed, not to teach we grew intimate and eventually I be- a ritual, but only to make known the person of Jesus Christ; to try not . came a Christian." only to live like Jesus myself, but to Chinese "Free Church" get others to be Christlike. This is what I regard as the kernel of Chris- I N the great martyr city of Taiyuan- tianity, its essence. Here is its vi- fu, China, there has been a new tality. All the rest is clothing, form. departure· which is big with possibil- The clothing and form must change. ity for the future. Led by the gov- But Christianity is a specific kind of· ernor of the province of Shansi (now life, filial in relation to God, brotherofficially styled as "overseer"), a num- ly in relation to man. Fellowship ber of Chinese men have banded with Jesus can maintain the spirit themselves into a "Free Church of even when external forms of faith China," to which they invite the ad- and creed change." hesion of all in the province who desire the public weal. The Church is Increase of Japanese Christians to preach Christ, and seek to extend T His Kingdom. The manifesto de- HERE has been an increase of 70 per cent. in the number of Protclares that the prosperity and liberty of the lands of the West are due to estant Church-members in Japan the doctrine of the Protestants, and during the past IO years. At the end that the same faith is China's hope. of last year the Christians numbered:

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

Protestants, 83,638; Roman Catholics, reg<l;rd. to the attitude adopted by 66,019; and Greek Catholics, 32,246; Chnstlans of all nationalities concern- ?laking. a total of 181,903, and show- ing: the situation in Korea. He mg an mcrease of 7,334 persons over wntes as follows: "I feel confident the previous year. that the government has no intention of hindering Christian work in A Student Religion in Japan Korea, or of taking a position against RELIGIOUS census has recently Christianity. But if the government been taken in the Imperial University of Japan in Tokyo with astound- has made mistakes, or even resorted ing results. It classifies the more than to torture, there is a right and a 4,600 students by religions as follows: wrong way to correct it all. We shall Shin~o 8; Buddhist 50; Christian 60; gain nothing by attempting to dis- AtheIst 1,500; Agnostic 3,000. These count or discredit the Japanese govfigures reveal a condition of vast significance, showing that the educated ernment. We would do better to fol- ~ow the ord~nary course of suspended classes c:f Ja?an. have practically Judgment till the case is tried and ended. I advise that course, and then broken wIth ShmtOlsm and Buddhism when we see the end, if there finally and are looking around for some bet- proves to be a miscarriage of justice, ter basis for ethics and faitl1. The issu~ ~n Japan is no longer between let us speak as strongly as we please. Chnshalllty and Buddhism but between Christianity and nothing. Family Worship in Japan A The Hardest Fact to Face THE KirisutoliOYo Sekai publishes a T the World's Missionary Con- letter on family-worship, written ference at Edinburgh a J apanese Christian, speaking with all the by a Japanese lady whose husband is fervor of nationalism and of a disci- a Christian. She says that the familyple of Christ, said : "We Christians in Japan can face almost anything; we worship in her home lasts less than can face Buddhism and Agnosticism 15 minutes. The whole family asand materialism with Christ for He is greater than all of these, but there sembles at 6.45 a. m. around a table is one thing that we can not face and that will seat about 10 people. Each it is this: we send our young' men person reads his verse of Scripture home to Great Britain to your univer- in turn, the little children and the sities. They go into the east-end of servants often making rather amusyour great cities and there they see squalor and wretchedness and ing mistakes. Each member of tl1e misery. side by side in the streets, they house~old has his or her morning for see chtldren starving, women drinking, and men fighting for work at choosmg a hymn. After the Scripthe dock-gates. They go into the west-end of your cities and there ture-reading is over, the master of they see vice and wealth flaunting the ~ouse explains the meaning of themselves side by side in the streets, and they come back to us in Japan certam verses and chooses a text to and they say, 'If that is the best that Christianity can do for England it is be taken as a motto for the dtahy~reaonnd. a poor thing,' and," said the Japan- makes a few simple remarks ese, "we are dumb." Each member of the household takes ONEA Japanese Side of .the Question of the older Baptist mission- it in turn to pray morning after aries in Japan has recently sent to the home board a warning with morning. The children's prayers are very, very short, but impressive in many ways, and the way the servants ;epeat the same prayer day after day IS rather funny. vVhatever happens i~ the house, family-prayers are not gIven up.

A Pierson Bible School in Prospect T HE effort to raise $50,000 to erect a Bible-school at Seoul, as a memorial to the late Dr. Ar- thur T. Pierson, is progressing fa-

vorably. More than half the sum order to prevent the establishment has already been subscribed. of a fortress counterbalancing Gib- raltar. With this exception the AFRICA-NORTH western portion of Morocco, along the Atlantic, and the Mediterranean .. I Christian Endeavor in Egypt coast, belongs now to Spain, which N this Saturday evening meeting thus possesses the coast of Africa of the Cairo society," writes Miss facing her Canary Islands. By far Thompson, "the energies of some the greater portion of the country, of the young men have been turned however, goes into the undisputed to evangelistic meetings among the possession of France. It includes different houses or flats where the Fez and Morocco City, and its popstudents live or lodge, assisted by ulation is variously estimated at one or more of our young missionary from four to eight millions, and its gentlemen. Some of these students area as almost equal to that of are in the medical-school, or 1aw- France itself. school, or other higher schools, and their influence seems to be doubled WEST AFRICA owing to their social positions. These meetings have been held on Friday Liquor and Missions afternoons, as that day is a legal holiday, the Sabbath of the Mo- AN African missionary tells us of hammedans." a steamer loaded to the water's- edge with rum. Not only was the Methodist Mission Work Prospering hold full, but on the decks were piled hundreds of green boxes and REV. WILLIAM E. LOWTHER, wicker demijohns so well-known on of the North Africa Methodist the west coast of that continent. mission, writes: "The development These steamers carry about 4,000 of Methodism has been rapid in tons of freight each, and hundreds Oran, Algeria, and Oran is the gate of them are running on the west of Morocco. We came to this city coast laden with the vilest rum as strangers less than a year ago. that chemistry could concoct. Against To-day we have a mission-hall these odds the few missionaries at where services are held every week work among the people of darkness in Spanish and French. The attend- are waging an unequal and unfair. ance is so large that we must have war. The missionary says: "At more room and we are planning to Freetown our ship had a lot of open two branches in the city. We powder to discharge, but it could have two Sunday-schools that are not be landed at the regular wharf. well .attended, and a night-school. Oh no; the ship had to steam up A Spanish assistant from Spain is a quarter of a mile, and land it soon to arrive." there in the state of quarantine, while the red-flag was kept flying at The Division of Morocco the mast as a danger-signal. What a farce, what a caricature! There ON October 28th France and lay the liquor-ship landing thousands Spain signed a treaty virtually of cases of all that is dangerous dividing Morocco into two colonies, in a thousandfold greater sense and putting an absolute end to than all the powder that ever went Moroccan independence. This leaves to the Dark Continent." Abyssinia and Liberia the only portions of Africa n0't under the con- A New Station Opened trol of a European power. The negotiations for this important treaty T HE mission of the Americ::>n have occupied more than a year. Board in Angola, West Af· Tangier is placed by the treaty under rica, rejoices in the establishment of the joint control of France, Spain, a new station. . This station has Germany, and Great Britain, in been in contemplation for a num-

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

ber- of years but its founding had touched by Christian-missions. It been deferred On account of financial is the purpose of the Board to send and other considerations. The Can- Ollt three or four missionaries as adian Congregational churches hav- soon as plans can be completed. An ing raised a fund of $IO,OOO for in- appropriation of $15,000 has been stituting a new work, the mission made for the beginning of the work. was able to proceed. After exten- Among the missionaries will go .a sive exploration, a magnificent site medical-missionary and one reprewas found at Dondi which is 6,000 sentative of the Colored Methodist feet above sea-level and has an un- Episcopal Church. It will be reexampled climate for tropical Africa. membered that Bishop Lambuth ex- The first night after the missionaries plored this region during the last ;trrived water froze to the depth of summer, and was hospitably enteran inch, greatly to the astonishment tained and assisted by the Presbyof the natives who passed the mor- terian mission at Luebo. There is sels of ice from hand to hand, a large field for missionary labor on watching it melt with great· glee. the upper regions of the Kongo and The annual meeting of the mission there is no indication that it will be was held on the new site and during overdone. a period of one week only two mosquitoes were seen, a truly re- SOUTH AND CENTRAL AFRICA markable thing for Africa. Here will be established, through the Cooperation in Cape Colony generosity of the Canadian churches, the central training institute for the REPRE:SENTATIVES of three of mission and in fact for the whole the German Missionary Societies, of Angola, a district as large as from viz.: The Berlin Society, the Rhenish New York to Chicago and from Society, and the Moravians, met on Lake Erie to the Gulf. The in- December 28, 1911, and discust the imstitute will combine industrial, agri- portant question of closer cooperacultural, normal and theological tion. It was decided to prepare a comcourses, the obj ect being to equip mon book of discipline first of all, and native workers for all departments to use the missionary training school of the work. of the Moravians in Genadendal for the training of the native workers of A New Mi..ion On the Kongo the three Societies. An agreement was entered into that the Moravian paper, T HE board of missions of the Genadendaler Bode, and the Berlin Methodist Episcopal Church, paper, De Pilgrim, should be united South, has authorized the establish- and become the one weekly religious ment of a mission-station on the paper for adherents of the three Kongo, not a great distance from societies in the Cape Colony. A comthe Southern Presbyterian stations mon hymn book will be gotten up in on tlle Lulua River. This will open the near future. up work in the Batatala tribe. Dr. Verner says of this tribe that they A Central African Pentecost are "the most famous warriors in the whole Kongo regions. They REV. CHARLES INWOOD, who have never been conquered by an- has just concluded a tour of the other tribe, by the Arabs, or by the American continent in the interests white men." The country in which of the Evangelical Union of South they live is said to be exceedingly America, tells a most interesting rich and fertile, being a level prai- story in his little book, "An African rie-land, with deep, black soil. The Pentecost." In 19IO he acted as depu- Belgian government enlists a great tation from the Keswick Convention many of the Batatala men as sol- in Central Africa. At Loudon, in the diers. The tribe has hardly been Nyasaland Protectorate; he witnessed a remarkable scene in the mission of the United Free Church of Scotland.

The big church building seats 2,500 trial, and civic, that is transforminp" people, yet it was filled at the first a vast extent of Central Africa, and meeting, as many women as men effecting a revolution in the whole being present, and hundreds of noisy, life of the people of which the reccrying babies as well. The first meet- ord shall remain always among those ings seemed to bring little real con- of the greatest achievements and rovicti011 of sin, but at the close of the mances of missions. If Livingstone week remarkable scenes ensued. First could have foreseen this answer to came a great stillness over the vast his prayers and his hopes in this place audience, then prayer commenced. and work which perpetuates his Slowly one and another rose, and name! "On Sabbath, June 16th, some sad confessions of sin were Communion-services were held at made. Then two prayed together, which 2,000 people gathered." then three; then suddenly, as if a divine breath had passed over the THE ISLAND WORLD audience, everybody began to pray. The sound rose like the murmur of THEY. M. C. A. in the Philippines the sea-deep, solemn, sacred. In a $ro,ooo with which the camfew moments absolute quiet was re- paign for a Y. M. C. A. in stored, and the meeting was closed. Manila was started was the gift of Mr. Teodoro R. Yangco, a lead- On the Lord's Day not less than ing shipping and business-man of 7,000 people came to the morning Manila, himself a Filipino and presiservice. A number of heathen chiefs dent of the Filipino Young Men's and people were present. When the Christian Association. Among his Word was preached, lips quivered and other philanthropies have been the tears flowed. The Lord was present. gift of two public school-buildings Then came again a flood of prayer, to his native province, the gift of a and as the whole congregation began dispensary to a poor part of Manila to pray, the heathen at the outskirts (in the house in which his father of the crowd fled in alarm and ter- started in business, now rebuilt and ror. But again this mighty sound equipped with all appliances for surof crying and weeping and praying gery, etc.), the support of a dozen subsided, and the service closed in Filipino girls studying to be nurses, profound silence, such as the Spirit and of several students in Europe alone can produce. and America. Mr. Yangco is fur- ther director of an association for The influence of that awakening the development of the agriculture extended far and wide, and it was and industries of the islands. followed by a great ingathering of souls. Chri.tian Endeavor in Micronesia CENTRAL AFRICA "THERE are 4,000 Christian En- deavorers in the Marshall Is- «I Marvelous Livingstonia Mi••ion CAN NOT attempt a description lands," declares Rev. C. F. Rife, of the marveloLls place, or the M.D., for many years a missionary marvelous work," writes the Rev. T. of the American Board in Micro- 11. Kapier, of Stitchel. "The mag- nesia, "more Endeavorers, indeed, than nificent site, the well laid-out estate, there are church-members. This is the substantial houses, the beautiful because when the Marshall Islanders hospital, the church and school, are converted they are not immedispensary, industrial-buildings, the diately admitted to the churches, power-station, the agricultural de- but undergo a period of testing and partment,-all these, that impress training lasting about six months. so much every visitor, are only the They are, however, immediately adexternals-the throbbing center of mitted to the Christian Endeavor a great system of activities, evan- Societies, and get a large part of gelistic, medical, educational, indus- their training from the Christian

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

Endeavor work. There are Chris- Chicago, to become a nllSSlOnary of tian Endeavorers on everyone of the China Inland Mission among the the 22 islands of the group. Their Mohammedans of .the province of KansLl, China, one of the darkest secweekly prayer-meetings are held at tions of the earth. The Christian inmore than 80 centers, so that the fluences which surrounded him Marshall Islands have at least 80 throughout his youth, and finally a Christian Endeavor societies. Only visit to the mission fields in 1904 and 2 committees are used by these so- 1905, caused him to decide to become cieties-the prayer-meeting and the a missionary himself. At the Stulookout. Entirely of their own mo- dent Vohmteer Convention of 1906 tion the Marshall Island Endeavorers he decided that his work would have established the custom of build- be among the Mohammedan Chinese. ing Christian Endeavor houses. These are buildings near the church- Mr. Borden graduated from Yale es, but separate from them. Each University in I909. While a senior is about 12 by 12 feet, and the there he established the Hope Mishouses are used solely for the meet- sion in New Haven. He bought the ings of the lookout and prayer- property and started the work. It is meeting committees." still going on and much blest. In the winter on cold nights as many as Darkness in New Guinea T50 men go there at night, but noth- ing is ever charged for board or MISSIONARY work among the lodging. Afterward Mr. Borden Papuas, the heathen inhabitants went to the Princeton Theological Seminary, from which he was gradof New Guinea, has been carried on uated last spring. He has been en- gaged in work for the Student Volunfor many years. In Dutch New Gu- teer Movement until December, when he sailed (December I7th) for Cairo, inea the Utrecht Missionary Society where he will study Arabic under Dr. Zwemer, thus preparing himself most maintains a good-sized work; in Ger- thoroughly for the great work before him. man New Guinea, the Rhenish and OBITUARY Neuendettelsan societies are estab- G. Fred Bergin of Bristol lished; . and in British New Guinea, A GREAT loss has come to the the London Missionary Society and Christian world and to the or- phans of England in particular by the the Australian vVesleyans are labor- passing away of Mr. G. F. Bergin, the honored director of the Ashley Downs ing. But New Guinea is a hard and Orphan Homes, and second successor to the late George Mueller. Next dangerous field. The pernicious clim- April he would have reached the three- score years and ten. having seen 53 ate has caused the death of many a years of service for Christ. Mr. Ber- gin was converted in his youth through consecrated laborer and the Gospel words spoken to him by his dying father, and while still in his teens gave is making progress only slowly. Sor- himself to preaching the Gospel. He identified himself with the Open cery still prevails, and the annual re- Brethren. ane! for 24 years minis- tered as a pastor in Bristol. jJort of the Lieutenant-Governor, pre- On the death of George l{neller, sented to the Australian Government, gives a revolting picture of native customs and beliefs. The English of- ficials, and the press, are inclined to think that the best way to deal with these superstitions and cruelties is to ignore them, except they are used for a purpose evil in itself. To us, how- ever, their existence reveals the cry- ing need for continued faithful preaching of the Gospel among the Papuas.

PERSONAL A Missionary to Chinese Moslems N September 21, William Whit- ing Borden took the vows of ordination in the Moody Church in

in 1897, James Wright succeeded to born at Topsham, Vt., Jan. 24, 1851, the great work of ministering to the and was graduated from Dartmouth hundreds of children gathered in their College, and later from Andover Orphan Homes, and he requested Mr. Theological Seminary. Bergin to share his responsibilities, so that when in 1905 Mr. Wright passed Dr. Gates was ordained to the Conaway, the charge of the great family gregational ministry in 1880, his first of 2,000 children devolved upon Mr. pastorate being at Upper Montclair, Bergin. N. J. In 1887 he became the Presi-· dent of Iowa College. He was Presi- He and his family have been united dent of Pomona College, from 1902 in their faithful devotion to this ser- until 1909, when he became President vice of faith and of love. We pray of Fisk University and there dethat his son, who is in the work, may voted the last years of his life to be sustained and guided so that the teaching the negro. work may continue to be a testimony to the faithfulness of a prayer-hearing Dr. Martha Sheldon of Tibet God. DR. MARTHA A. SHELDON, Albert K. Smiley of Mohonk one of the missionaries of the iTomen's Foreign Missionary Society, O N December 2d at his home in Methodist Episcopal Church, died in Redland's, California, there October in Bhat, India, her field of passed a~ay Albert K. Smiley, organ- ticeless and renowned labors for 20 izer of the Lake Mohonk Conference years, just on the borders· from on Indians and prominent in the Tibet. Dr. Sheldon was born in world peace movement. Mr. Smiley Excelsior, Minnesota, in I 860. While was born in Vassalboro, Me., March in her teens she read an appeal from 17, 1828 and was graduated in 1849 Dr. Joseph Cook and formed the plan from Haverford College. With his of going to India as a medical mistwin brother, Alfred H. Smiley, he sionary. She was a graduate of the founded the English and Classical State University of Minnesota and Academy in Philadelphia. In 1869 of the Medical School of Boston Mr. Smiley purchased property at University. Her ministrations among Lake Mohonk, Ulster County, N. Y., the Bhatiyas and among the Tibetans and built there a large summer hotel, who heard of her skill and crossed where every autumn since 1882 he over into her province to see her, had called a four-day conference to made the Bhatiyas and many in isodiscuss the Indian question. For the lated Tibet regard her as a being to last 8 years the question of the Fili- be worshiped. pinos, Porto Ricans, and Hawaiians had been included. Rev. S. V. Karmarkat of India Each spring since 1894 Mr. Smiley THE Indian Church has suffered a had invited from 200 to 300 guests great loss in the death of Suto a similar conference held in the mant Vishnu Karmarkar. He was interests of international arbitration. the son of the Rev. V. B. Karmarkar (a Brahman convert), and began his Mr. Smiley was a Christian of rare life-work on a printing-press in conspirit and nobility of character. He nection with the Bombay Guardian. stood firmly by his principles and con- In 1889 he sailed with his wife for victions of a Friend in spite of all the United States, and while he, after temptations to turn aside into the study, obtained the theological degree ways of the world. of RD. from Yale, she obtained that of M.D. from Philadelphia. Return- Dr. Geo. A. Gates of Fisk ing to India, they have ever since been laboring in a spiritual fellow- REV. DR. GEORGE AUGUSTUS ship in connection with the work of GATES, President of the Fisk the Church Missionary Society. University, Nashville, Tenn., died recently at iTinterhaven, Fla. He was AND MISSION LANDS MISSIONS: Their Rise and Development. that officialIy prepared by Rev. W. By Louise Creighton. 16mo. 256 pp. H. T. Gairdner. 50 cents net. Henry Holt & Co., New York, 1912. THE CALL OF THE WORLD. By W. E. Doughty. 16mo. 111 pp. 25 cents. Mrs. Creighton is one of the lead- Laymen's Missionary Movement, New ing missionary women of the world. York, 1912. She is the widow of a former Bish- op of London and a member of the As Educational Secretary of the Continuation Committee of the Edin- Laymen's Missionary Movement, Mr. burgh Missionary Conference. Mrs. Doughty has had an unusual expe- Creighton therefore has unusual ca- rience and an opportunity to special- pabilities for the difficult task of tell- ize on the appeal which missions ing the story of the development of should make to laymen and the missions in such condensed space. methods by which men may be As a contribution to the Home Uni- brought into line. This book is exversal library the volume is an exce1- cellently adapted for men's mis- 'lent introduction to the subject of sionary study groups and to furnish missions. From apostolic days Mrs. suggestions for good sound argu- Creighton proceeds briefly to describe ments in missionary speeches. It is the progress toward reformation and full of facts and true principles. the branching out into remote regions following the era of world- MEN AND RELIGION MESSAGES. Seven wide exploration and colonization. Volumes. 12mo. $4.00 net per set. The The book is more than a history Association Press, New York, 1912. since it touches also briefly but ably on the problems of governments and The men and religion movement enmissions, Islam, social work, and listed many of the strongest men in work among Colonists. There is a the country in its campaign and exgood brief bibliography and. an index. pended many thousands of dollars in its efforts to bring men and boys into CAN THE WORLD BE WON FOR CHRIST. By harmony with God. The platform was Rev. Norman MacLean. 12mo. 194 broad, and made it possible for all pp. $1.25 net. Hodder & Stoughton, creeds and sects to work together. It New York and London, 1912. is almost impossible to ascertain what were the permanent results for men or The main portion of this vol- for the church, but one benefit has ume is made up of reports and ob- taken tangible form, namely, the publiservations made in connection with cation of these seven volumes prepared the World Missionary Conference by experts in their departments. in Edinburgh in I9IO. The spirit and impressions made by the Con- Volume One contains the stirring ference are well brought out in addresses delivered at the Conservathese pages and many who could not tion Congress in Carnegie Hall, New attend may receive from this brief York, April 19 to 24, 1912. These epitome benefits that they would addresses include strong utterances by not have patience to dig out from the Hon. Villiam ]. Bryan, Dr. James E. eight volume reports. New chapters are added by Mr. McLean on Freeman, J. A. McDonald, LL.D., of Christianity's claim to be the final religion, the impelling motive for the Toronto Globe; Bishop William missionary work, the caIl to union Anderson, Booker T. Washington, and the great opportunity. There is Richmond P. Hobson and D1". John no better popular interpretation of Henry Jowett. These addresses prethe Edinburgh Conference-not even sent the. many-sided relationship of Christianity to the world, the State. the Church, the negro, and temperance problems, and the student classes. They are all vorih reading and w;ll tll11C dealing with the boy prohlcm in turlllsh man' a 11IIllister wIth fruitful its many phases. themes for future discourses. Volul11e Six deals with the important Volume Two deals with social serv- Cjuestion of the rural church and is ice, and besides the illuminating re- perhaps the 1110st original and fresh port of the Commission, of which Dr. of any of the volumes in its treat- Henry Sloan Coffin was chairman, ment of a topic which has only recentgives masterly addresses by Miss Jane ly been attracting general attention. Addams, on "The Social Evil"; by Our rural population have been either Professor Rauschenbusch, on "The neglected or overchurched, and their Social Service Messages," and by Pro- peculiar problems have never until fessor Edward A. Steiner, on "The now been properly studied. Country Immigrant." Miss Addams' address pastors will find this volume of inshould be read by everyone interested valuable help to them in their diffiill the welfare of young men and cult work. young women in our cities. The final volume is devoted to "The Volume Three includes the reports Church and the Press." Mr. George of the Bible Study (Professor Ira M. W. Coleman, of Boston, was the able Price, chairman), and the Evangelistic chairn"lan of the Publicity Commission, Commissions (Dr. John Timothy whose work is here reported. Dr. Tal- Stone, chairman). The former com- cott vVilliams, head of the new School mission is rich in suggestion, tho of Journalism, gave a thought-com~ not as strong on Biblical inspiration as pelling address on "The Relation of many would wish. The place and im- the Newspaper to Religion." Many portance of the Bible to the individual, practical suggestions are given in the the home, the church, the Sunday- report of the Commission as to the use school, the seminary and the Y. M. C. of secular and religious papers in ad- A. are dealt with in a way to impress vertising religious work and conducteven a careless reader. ing a campaign of education. c The Commission on Evangelism Each of the commissions made a gave a Brief but stirring report and careful list of books relating to the presented some excellent suggestions subjects treated, and these bibliografor future work. phies are printed in the present vol- umes. They indicate the judgment of The reports of the Commissions on men who know as to the books worth Christian Unity (Dr. Ira Landreth, reading and worth owning. As a chairman), and on Missions (Robert whole, this is a unique and valuable E. Speer, chairman), are given in library on the 1110st pressing religious Volume Four. They are full of force problems of the day. and fire, and present many old and unanswerable arguments in a new and THE DRV-DoCK OF A THOUSAND WRECKS. convincing manner. On missions notable addresses were delivered by Dr. By Philip r. Roberts. Illustrated. Samuel B. Capen, on "Laymen in Action," by Dr. 'I!ilfred T. Grenfell, on 12mo. 212 pp. $1.00 net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, 1912. "The Romance of Missionary Life," and by Dr. John R. Mott, on "The The stories of transformed lives Vorld's Problem." never grow old and new stories of those rescued from sin and despair "Boys' 'I!ork in the Local Church" by the power of God give new in- spiration and help to those who read. is the subject of Volume Five. The II!ater Street Mission is the famous "dry-dock" to which the many huchairman of this commision was Rev. man wrecks find their way or are towed in for repair. Many seem Charles V. Gilkey, and among the hopeless but with human and divine members were such experts as Judge aid thousands of them become transformed into seaworthy vessels Ben Lindsay, Dean George Hodges and go out to search the high-seas and J. L. Alexander, of the Boy Scouts. The result is an excellent vol-

")T3] FOR THE MISSIONARY LTBRARY

to uring 111 others who need help. YOllnger generation. He died in What human means alone have 19II as a martyr, not to the hatred failed to uo God's power through 11t1- of man, but to the deadly plague in man agents has accomplished. Manchuria. He came of a mission- Mr. Roberts tells stories of re- ary family, and after going out to generation similar to those by Harold Mukden, sent by the English Pres- Hegbie anel S. H. lIadley, but he hyterian Church, he died after only does not speak as an outside ob- ten weeks' activc service at the age server Ijke Begbie or as a 111i5Siol1- of 26. Yet in those short weeks he superintendent like Hadley; he had so imprest himself on his fel- speaks frol11 experience and as a vol- low-workers that the world is given unteer-worker in the new "dry-clock" his brief Ii fe-story. By his death, at 316 Water Street, New York. The and the record of his life, many result is the best book on the subject. have already been led to' more thor- It is more spiritual than Mr. Begbie's ough consceration to Christ. Dr.

and more literary than Mr. Hadley's. Jackson was a man who was human The characters are well pictured but in his sympathies and interests-a above all the power of Goel in the man through and through-and yet Cross of Christ is revealed in this one in whom the spirit of Christ lived stirring volume of real wonder- and worked. The story is to be tales." compared with that of Keith Falko- THE ORDINARY MAN AND THE EXTRA- ner and Horace Pitkin. The biog- raphy has unusual interest and in- ORDINARY THING. By Harold Begbie. spiration for young men. Inciden- 8vo. $1.25. George H. Doran Company, Mr. Begbie's "Twice-Born Men" tally there is an interesting account sounded a fresh note in the history of the Manchuria Mission, of Mukof religious experience, and was prob- den, the metropolis, and of the ravably read by more men of the world ages of the plague.

that: any work of its kind in this cen- A MODERN PIONEER IN KOREA. By Willtury. In the present volume the author tells the story of that vast and benefi- iam Elliot Griffis. Illustrated. 8vo. cent brotherhood, the Young Men's 298 pp. $1.25 net. Fleming H. Revell Co., 1912.

Christian Association, and of cer- Henry G. Appenzeller was a tain conversions that were brought Methodist missiO'nary who went out about through its influences. His story of the Young Men's Christian Asso- to Korea in 1885 and proved to be ciation is inspired by the same en- a very efficient leader of rare C0111thusiasm, freshness of vision and penetrating, spiritual insight so charac- mon sense as a missionary. The teristic of the author's dealings with storv of his life and work has alevery religious Cjuestion that enlists ready been told briefly in the REhis sympathy. Some excellent books VlEW by Dr. Griffis (April, 1912). have been written about the Young The book however contains much Men's Christian Association, but Mr. that is new about Korea and many Begbie has some new and vital things side-lights on Korean missions. It to say in his brief survey of this world- is, in fact, more about Korea than about Mr. Appenzeller, who was in the country for about 16 years. He wide institution which will be found was a lovable and inspiring character memorable and illuminating. and accomplished a great work for THE LIFE OF ARTHUR JACKSON OF MAN- the Korean Christian Church. Many of his most abiding services were in CHURIA. By Rev. Alfred ]. Costan. the social and industrial education Illustrated. 8vo. 188 pp. 2s. net. of the people. The volume is in- Hodder & Stoughton, 1912.

Dr. Jackson was a Cambridge teresting reading, but the writing is graduate and one O'f the able and not by any means up to Dr. Griffis'

heroic British missionaries of the best style. SiJME IMMIGRANT NEI~HBORS. By John tion. Illustrated, 12mo., 385 pp., $1.50 net. E. P. Dutton Co., New York.. R. Henry. Paper, 12mo. 93 pp. 25 1912. cents. net. Fleming H. Revell Co., .1912. DAWN IN DARKEST AFRICA. By John H. Harris. Smith Elder & Co., London; This Junior Course text-book for E. P. Dutton & Co., New York. Home Mission study is written by the pastor of the "Church of all Na- VEILED MYSTERIES OF EGYPT. By S. H. tions." Mr. Henry therefore speaks Leeder. Illustrated, 16s. net. Evefrom first-hand knowledge. He an- leigh Nash, 36 King St., Covent Garswers the question, "Who Are Our den, London, W. C. 1912. Immigrant Neighbors?" "Why Do They Come?" "How to Make Good AMONG CONGO CANNIBALS. Experiences, Neighbors," etc. He deals especially Impressions and Adventures During a with Russian, Italian, and Chinese Thirty Years' Sojourn Among the Bolimmigrants. oki and Other Congo Tribes with a Description of their Curious Habits, The text-book is well written with Customs, Religion and Laws. By John many little touches of human nature H. VVeeks. Illustrated, 8vo., 351 pp. that awaken feelings of kinship and $3.50 net. J. B. Lippincott Co., Philareveal the problems connected with delphia. 1912. the coming of foreigners to America. The low wages for which immigrants SHANTUNG. The Sacred Province of China work is a great cause for dislike in in Some of its Aspects. Being a colthe mind of the American-born, but lection of articles relating to Shanwe must remember that our ancestors tung, including brief histories with stawere once immigrants. tistics, etc., of the Catholic and Prot- estant Missions and life-sketches of ENGLISH FOR COMING AMERICANS. By Protestant Martyrs, Pioneers, and Vet- Peter Roberts, Ph. D. 12mo. 82 pp. erans connected with the Province. International Y. M. C. A. New York, Compiled and Edited by Robert Cov- 1909. entry Forsyth. Illustrated, 8vo., 427 pp. Christian Literature Society, Mr. Roberts gives a practical prim- Shanghai, China. 1912.

er to guide those who are teaching THE CLAIM OF SUFFERING. By Elma K. Paget. Illustrated, 12mo., 125 pp., Is. English to foreigners. All those who 6d. net. S. P. A., 15 Tufton St., Westar'e thus trying to help the coming minster, S. W., London. 1912. Americans will find the book extremely useful. THE CHRISTIAN EDUCATION OF WOMEN IN THE EAST. Being Addresses delivered NEW BOOKS at a Conference of University Women at Oxford, Sept. 4 to 10, 1912. 12mo., HUMAN PROGRESS THROUGH MISSIONS. 160 pp., 2s. net. Student Christian By James L. Barton, D.O. 12mo., 96 Movement, 93 Chancery Lane, London, pp., SOc net. Fleming H. Revell Co., W. C. 1912. N ew York. 1912. YEAR BOOK OF MISSIONS IN INDIA, BURMA ELEMENTARY FORCES IN HOME MISSIONS. AND CEYLON. 1912. Edited by the By Lemuel Call Barnes. 12mo., 123 pp., 75 cents net. Fleming H. Revell Rev. 1- P. Jones, D.D. 12mo., 780 pp. Co., New York. 1912. Christian Literature Society for India, THli: . PARISH OF THE PINES,. The Story Pasumalai. 1912. of Frank Higgins, the Lumberjacks' Sky Pilot. By Thomas D. Whittles. PENNEL OF BANNU, By A. L Frontis- Illustrated, 12mo., 247 pp., $1.00 net. piece, pamphlet, 60 pp., 6d. net. Church' . Fleming H. Revell Co., New York. Missionary Society, Salisbury Sq., Lon- 1912. don, E. C. 1912.

OUR OPPORTUNITY IN CANADA. By Eda MISSIONARY STUDY PRINCIPLES. By the Green. Illustrated, I2mo., 127 pp., IS. Rev. G. T. Manley, M.A. 12mo., 148 pp., net. S. P. A., 15 Tufton St., Westmin- Is. 6d. net. Church Missionary So- ster, S. W., London. 1912. ciety, Salisbury Sq., London, E. C. 1912.

AN ApOSTLE OF THE NORTH. Memoirs of CHILDREN AT PLAY IN MANY LANDS. By the Right Rev. William Carpentet,: Katherine Stanley Hall. Illustrated, Bompas, D.O. By H. A. Cody, B.A. 8vo., 104 pp., 75. cents net.Mission- With an Introduction by the Most ary Education Movement, 156 5th Ave., Rev. S. P. Matheson, D.O. Third Edi- New York. 1912.

THE HOLY BIBLE. Containing the Old and New Testaments. An Improved Edition. Based in part on the Bible Union Version. 8vo., American Bap- tist Publication Society, Philade1nhia, 1912.