The Missionary Review of the World — January 1936

1936

Ethiopia as a Mission Field Stuart Bergsma Foreign Missions with a Forward Look Robert E. Speer America through a Missionary's Eyes Mrs. E. Stanley Jones Frank C. Laubach Building a Missionary–Minded Church Enos J. Windsor Results of the Gospel in Latin America George A. Miller Social and Religious Problems in Chile Pedro Zottele The Pageant of the Philippines Charles R. Hamilton 25 Cents a Copy $2.50 a Year

to Remember Obituary Notes ical Arts and later president of

Massachusetts State College and the January 6-12 – Universal Wee k of Dr. Lewella Miner, for nearly fifty Michigan State College, died at his Prayer. years a missionary teacher in China, home in Amherst, Mass., on November died in Tsinan, Shantung Province, on 25th. He was born in Lapeer, Mich- January 8-10-Foreign Missions Con- December 3d. Miss Miner went out igan, 67 years ago, and for the last ference. Asbury Park, N. J. to China in 1887 as a missionary of ten years has been the councilor on the American Board. She taught first rural work for the International Mis- January 12-17-Home Missions Coun- at Tungchow and later founded the sionary Council. In this connection cil and Council of Women for Home first college for women in China, the he has studied rural life in many Missions Annual Meetings. Wash- Women's College of Peiping, in 1905. parts of the world and has rendered ington, D. C., Headquarters Cal- Until recently she was Dean of Wom- an invaluable service to rural missions vary Baptist Church, 8th and H en and Professor of Religious Educa- in India, China, The Philippines, and Streets, N. W. The program is tion in Shantung Christian University. planned around the theme, "The She went through the Boxer Rebellion other lands. Rural Church Today and Tomor- and wrote a book entitled, "China's row." Book of Martyrs"; also "Two Heroes *** of Cathay." She was a member of January 15-17-National Conference the National Christian Council of Dr. Robert W. Hockman, mission- on the Rural Church. Washington, China and of the Council on Religious ary of the United Presbyterian Mis- D. C. Education. Dr. Miner was born in Oberlin, Ohio, was graduated from sion, located in Ethiopia as a medical January 21-24 – Cause and Cure of Oberlin College and received the de- missionary in charge of the American War Conference. Washington, D. C. gree of Doctor of Literature from that institution in 1914. Red Cross unit, was killed on Decem- February 2-The Moody Bible Insti- ber 13th while examining an unex- tute Jubilee and centenary of the *** birth of D. L. Moody. This day ploded Italian bomb. Dr. Hockman will launch the Founder's Week Dr. Kenyon L. Butterfield, formerly was born in China twenty-eight years Conference. A folder on "Moody president of the Rhode Island State ago, where his father and mother were Day" may be had by writing to A. College of Agriculture and Mechan- missionaries. Dr. William H. Hock- F. Gaylord, 153 Institute Place, man, the father, is now a member of Chicago, Ill. the faculty of the Moody Bible Insti- tute, Chicago. Mrs. Robert Hockman and their infant daughter were in (Continued on 3d cover.) THE WEEK OF PRAYER The Federal Council of Churches of Christ in America and the World's Evangelical Alliance of Great Britain again call Christians all over the world to observe the week of January 6th to 12th as a special Week of Prayer for an increase of personal spiritual life and service, for improvement in the home, the Church, the nation and the world. The Federal Council of Churches has sent out the Call which includes the following: First Day-For Ourselves. For courage; for a clean heart; for freedom in the Lord; Scripture, Romans 12.

Second Day-For Our Homes. For husband and wife; for children and youth. Scripture, Ephesians 6: 1-20.

Third Day-For Our Churches. For obedience to the mind of Christ; for grace to open wide the doors of the church; for daring to use all our resources. Scripture, Matthew 16: 13- 20 and 1 Cor. 3: 1-9.

Fourth Day-For the World Mission of Christianity. For courage to accept the task; for those on church boards; for nationals overseas; for the Federal Council of Churches; for men, women and children on the mission field. Scripture, selected verses.

Fifth Day-For Our Own Nation. For healing of our present distress; for the unemployed; for humility as a people; for industrial peace; that our nation may put her trust in God. Scripture, Psalm 33.

Sixth Day-For Every People. For recognition of our common sins; for sympathy with the infirmities of others; for statesmen; for grace to live together as brothers. Scripture, Acts 2: 1-21.

Seventh Day-For Light on the Way Ahead. For release from all bondage of body, mind and spirit; for order out of confusion; for eyes that see and ears that hear; for thanksgiving for sure Words already given; for grace to live well; for guidance. Scripture, John 1: 1-18 and John 8: 12-20.

The complete ordetof services include the daily calls to prayer, hymns, Scripture sentences, special prayers, litany and topics for addresses.* "I know the thoughts that I think toward you," saith the Lord; "thoughts of peace and not of evil. . . . Then shall ye call on me and ye shall go and pray unto me, and I will hearken unto you. And ye shall seek me and find me when ye search for me with all your heart. (Jeremiah 29: 11-13.) • These programs may be secured from the Federal Council of Churches, 105 East 22d Street, New York, at 3 cents a copy or $1.50 a hundred.

MISSIONARY Missionary Medical College for

REVIEW OF THE WORLD VELLORE, INDIA DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor LET YOUR TAX EXEMPTION HELP TO GIVE MEDICAL VOL. LIX JAN., 1936 No.1 AID TO MILLIONS OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN PuTbhliicrdatiaonnd aRnedilyBuSstsin.,eHssarOrifsfbicuer-g-, Pa. This Medical College trains Christian women doctors, nurses and Editorial and Executive Office– welfare workers for those without medical aid or comfort in Christ.

156 Fifth Avenue, New York City. When you make out your income tax, include in your exemption a Entered as second-class matter at gift to this great work under Dr. Ida Scudder's leadership. One Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of March 3, 1879. hundred million helpless women burden her heart. 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. $25,000 will endow a Chair, $10,000 a ward in the Children's Hos- Published monthly, except August. All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1935. pital. $1,000 will endow a bed~ Givers maY,t'ilme these. British agents – Marshall, Morgan Send for ill~trated, free booklet to Mrs. Hl!nty W. Peabody, care and Scott, 12 Paternoster Buildings, of Miss Hilda L. Olson, Marmion Way.,Roc~port, Massachusetts. London, E. C. 1 shilling per copy, 10 shillings a year. Send us addresses of people who still .h:av~: irlcomes, or see them MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- personally for this cause. i· LISHING CO., INC. BOARD OF DIRECTORS Personal Items Society" sailed last fall to attend the centefiariesin Assam, Bengal-Orissa ROBERT E. SPEER, President Arthur E. Slater, Presbyterian mis- and South~India. WM. I. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President sionary at Etah, India, has been WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer honored a second time within a year. *** DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary In January, he received the Kaiser-i- hind Silver Medal; in August, the Dr. William R. Galbreath has re- SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT Silver Jubilee King's Medal. The signed ,'a;g"Medical Director of the MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD latter is especially appropriate, since Presbyterian Hospital in San Juan, Mr. Slater is celebrating his own silver Puerto Rico, because of ill health. WM. B. LIPPHARD jubilee, having been a missionary in Dr. F. Glenn Irwin has been ap- India for twenty-five years. He is en- pointed to succeed him. ERIC M. NORTH gaged in industrial work and has de- JESSE R. WILSON veloped a large and widely known *** poultry farm. Raising chickens and A. L. W ARNSHUIS milk goats offers an unusual oppor- Mr.,David Glass, son of F. C. Glass, tunity to reach the people of rural has been' appointed a missionary in SAMUEL M. ZWEMER India. Brazil, a field in which he has already served. He has recently been study- Editorial Chat *** ing at the 'Missionary Training Colony and at Livingstone College, London. A Happy New Year is our wish for Dr. James R. Joy, dean of Methevery reader and for the world that odist editors, having reached the age *** of 72, plans to retire from the editor- "God so loved" and that "Christ came ship of the Christian Advocate of New Mrs. Vivian Bose, of Nagpur, Into save." York at the coming general confer- dia, daughter of Dr. and Mrs. John R. ence. Dr. Joy came in 1904 to the Mott, en route to America with her *** assistant editQrship of the Advocate two-year-old son, traveled most of the under Dr. James M. Buckley. Since three months' journey across Asia and The year can be made happy by 1915 he has served as editor of the Europe in an open touring car. In spreading the Gospel and by living publication. Persia they traveled days on end withand serving in the Spirit of Christ. out seeing anyone and for a week *** could find no tree to shade them. *** Their car broke an axle in a lonely Rev. William Hallock Johnson, spot, but within five minutes a truck This is the great aim of the REVIEW D.D., President of Lincoln University came along with a driver who spoke -to reveal the world-wide need for near Philadelphia, has resigned be- English, and gave them a tow. cause of his reaching the age of re.- Christ and to tell the Good News of tirement. He was immediately elected Planned along ad· what He had done for mankind and President-Emeritus. He is the author vanced peda;,ogical lines what He is doing in the world today. of several books on religious and to provide both Home and Class philosQphical subjects. lor the pupil. Varied *** such as Quizzes. Reading Tests, True Dr. Walter Livingstone Wright, False Tests. and Completion Tests. How far is the REVIEW successful? vice-president of the University since the pupil to work out each lesson from 1926, has been elected to succeed Dr. Bible lor himself. Here are some comments of our Johnson. readers: Samples 01 our Sunday School pubhcatlOns and *** Bible Courses tor '{ oung P"ople"s SOClehes "The Latin America number is, I sent hee On request sincerely believe, alone worth a year's Rev. Albion Ross, rector of the subscription." G. W. SPURLOCK. Episcopal Church in Hollidaysburg, CHRISTIANEpm~LI(tTIONS.IN<: Pa., has been appointed pastor of the Bonnie, Ill. American Church in Berlin. Phillips 1502 N. Third St., Harrisburg, Pa. Brooks was once minister of this *** church, which is undenominational, and serves the American colony in the "I have been highly impressed with German capital. the high calibre of the issues which I have read." REV. EDWARD H. JONES. *** The Presbyterian Church, Mrs. Howard Wayne Smith, Presi- dent of the Woman's Baptist Foreign State College, Pa. [ 1] *** "I think the Methods are very valuable. I have kept the back numbers for years and find many suggestions I can adopt successfully in my work."

MISS SHIRLEY V. SCOTT, W. M. S. Community Worker, Presbyte- rian Church, New Westmin- ster' B. C.

*** "I was very much interested in the articles contained in the July issue of THE REVIEW and read them with profit." REV. GEO. A. BROWN.

Elyria., Ohio.

"TThhe Rainbow Emppire," by DDrr.. Stuarrt Ber.qQssmma, Wm. B. Eerdmans Puubblliisshing

Gr(aUnuai' Ramd8, Michigan. MISSIONARIES ON TREK IN ETHIOPIA Native carriers will carry loads of fifty pounds over single path tracks, over mountains and through rivers. There are practically no roads in Ethiopia,, eithheerr for autos or wagons–,except in the Capital City and a few miles In the vicinity. There iIs only one short railroad.. Fallen 1lo01lt:8s often furnish the only bridges. Mules must ford the streams.

NARY

REVIB ORLD VOLUME LIX AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER 1 JANUARY, 1936 Topics of the Times GOOD CHEER FOR THE NEW YEAR bers and influence; it is organized for service A New Year always has many possibilities for and has able leaders and immense financial regood and evil. On the one hand politicians in power are vying with each other in predicting sources. Yet not such were the reasons Christ reasons for optimism, while their opponents paint dark pictures of what the future holds if there is gave for courage then and they are not the true not a change in governmental policies. Economic and moral leaders point out the social evils that reasons for good cheer today. weaken society and religious teachers deprecate the departure of young and old from the Way The one reason given by the Son of God before of God that leads to peace and prosperity. He went to His death on the Cross was: "I have It is easy to enumerate reasons for disappointment and discouragement and yet we search the overcome the world." Whatever may be the seemhorizon for some "cloud the size of a man's hand," for some basis for good cheer for ourselves and ing evidences of defeat for His Church today, the our neighbors. Is there any such basis that will not disappear as a mist, that does not rest on the victory is assured. Christ declares that even the quicksands of human instability? devil and all his hosts cannot overcome those who In what seemed to be the darkest hour of the world's history, Jesus Christ told His disciples to have faith to follow their divine Leader. There "Be of good cheer" and gave them the reason (John 16: 33) . Those to whom He spoke were a may be trials, persecution, suffering and physical small band of weak and unlettered peasants, without political influence or financial resources. They death ahead today as there has been all through belonged to a subject nation, they were following a leader who was soon to be condemned to an the years past. But Christ _as overcome the ignominous death and they themselves were told that they must look forward to tribulation, perse- world by His victory over temptation, by rising cution and death at the hands of their acknowledged religious and political leaders. superior to worldly conditions, by overcoming evil It was in the midst of this discouraging situa- with good. And His followers can enter into His tion that their Master told His disciples to "be of good cheer." It was not an exhortation to shallow victory and partake of His cheer. Is there any optimism, but to courage. The message is also for today. Conditions are bad enough but how reason why Christians also cannot overcome the much brighter than in the days just preceding the world as martyrs and saints and servants of Christ have overcome in the past – by faith, by loyalty, by fighting the good fight of fai~h; by cooperation with Him in carrying out HIS pro- gram rather than adopt the program of worldly leaders. Christ's program includes full personal surrender, following the guidance of the Spirit of CGohdri,stwiaintnsemssainyg"btoe Christ actheheorm," enoant 1 dmearberoyaId.I.I of good spite of the dark outlook due to evil forces at work in the world, but because of the all-powerful wise and loving Eternal Spirit with which followers of Christ are allied. He is already victor.

"LIFE CHANGERS" AROUND THE WORLD Multitudes in all lands are looking for the pan- Crucifixion? Not only have science and learning acea for human weakness and the cure for all evil.

made wonderful progress but the forces contend- At many and divers times and in divers places ing for righteous have greatly increased in num- men and women have claimed to have found the ber and power. The Church has grown in num- remedy. Each of the great ethnic religions be- [3]

gan as a reformation and produced corrective have a faculty for bringing the challenge and the philosophies and better rules of conduct. They transforming power of Christ into the lives of accomplished something and leaders have come worldly leaders in society, professors and stuforward-like Zoroaster, Confucius, Buddha, Mo- dents, stockbrokers and statesmen. They occahammed and Gandhi -leaders with many noble sionally reach also the depressed and degraded. characteristics, but they and their religions have They have changed the order of "to the poor the failed to transform men and women into Godlike Gospel is preached." Word has come from many characters. A "new bir,th" is required for such a missionaries testifying to the new spiritual life, transformation, the impartation of a new life by new earnestness in evangelism and new power the Spirit of God if men are to become children that has come to missionaries and national Chrisof God. Such transformations have been going tians as a result of contact with Christ through on for nearly two thousand years, from the days the Oxford Groups. These testimonies come, not of Paul to the present, in every land and among from active leaders in the movement, but from all races. The secret of such transformations is fellow Christians who note and rejoice in the living contact with Christ. changes wrought. The Burma Gospel Team fur- nishes one example. Missionaries of the Evangel of Christ are the greatest "life changers" of history-witness Sam- In some of the countries of Europe the beneficial uel Crowther, the slave boy who became a bishop; effect has been felt in Church and State, in labor Africaner the Hottentot Terror, who became a and capital. While the movement begins with Christian chief; Narayan Sheshadri, the Brahman changing lives of individuals it is now attempting who became a Christian preacher; Pastor Hsi, to change society, business, governments, the the Chinese opium smoker who became an evan- world. A headquarters has recently been estabgelist; J. H. Neesima, the Japanese Shinto wor- lished at Geneva, the court of the League of shiper who founded the Doshisha Christian Uni- Nations. Christians believe that the only hope of versity, and Dr. Sa'eed Khan, the Kurdish Moslem success, individually or collectively, is in wholewho became an honored Christian physician and hearted acceptance of Christ, the giver of new evangelist. The list might be increased by hun- life through His death on the Cross, and in dedreds of thousands, known and unknown disciples. pendence on God for guidance and power to do His will. Today the "Oxford Groups," so-called from tlleir activities in Oxford, England, have taken SAVING THE WOMEN OF INDIA th~ name of "Life Changers," and have extended their activities not only in the United States and The new constitution for India brings new re- Canada but in the British Isles and on the con- sponsibilities to the men and women of that great tiw~mt of Europe, in Egypt and South Africa, in land. There are many evils to be corrected, as all India, China, Japan and other mission fields. They know who have read "Mother India" or have seen emphasize the need of everyone for full surrender the sickness, the poverty and ignorance, the superto _Christ and for the guidance of the Holy Spirit. stition and sin that hamper progress. In the past They call for "absolute purity" of life and thought; India's destiny was controlled first by the war- "absolute honesty" in dealing with God and self riors, then by religious leaders, and later by and _other men; "absolute and unselfish love" as financiers and politicians. Women have taken althe ruling principle of life. The characteristics most no part publicly in education, business afof mflmbers of the Oxford Groups are almost as fairs, religious rites or government. Hinduism varied as those found in members of Evangelical declares that women have no souls. Their place churches. There are among them the well-in- has been in the home and any power they have formed and the ignorant, the wise and unwise, exerted has been behind the purdah walls. They the weak and the strong. But the leaders testify have suffered and died that the men might live. to their faith in Christ as the Son of God and Saviour from sin; they urge the study of the Today great changes have taken place through Bible -as the Word of God to lighten our path; the reforms instituted by the British Government they believe in prayer-in the "Morning Watch" and through the light brought by messengers of -and in seeking and following the guidance of the Christ. Under the Gospel, with its new hope and Holy Spirit. Some leaders may not sufficiently life, women have been educated; many have -disemphasize the atonement of Christ for sin, and carded the veil that has shut them in-mind, body other Bible teachings, but none of them have been and soul. They are more and more-like Pandita charged with denying these Christian truths. Ramabai, Lilivati Singh, Dr. Cornelia Sorabji and others-taking active public part in education, in One of the chief peculiarities of the Oxford reforms, in medical ministry, in law and in poli- Groups is their ability to reach the "up and outs," tics. How important it is that in the new India more than the "down and outs." They seem to

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

they be godly women "thoroughly furnished unto expected adequately to support this work without every good work." help from more favored Amercia. It is one thing to establish a work and another thing to maintain One of the great Christian enterprises for In- it so as to make it effective. Dr. Scudder says dia's women is the work started thirty-five years that the present needs are for endowment for ago by Dr. Ida Scudder to minister to their phys- ten "chairs" for teachers of Bible, medicine, surical, mental and spiritual needs and to train gery and other branches; for radium and x-ray Christian women physicians and nurses to serve equipment; for endowed beds in children's, matheir suffering and neglected sisters. "Today," ternity and surgical wards; for nursing and pharsays Dr. Scudder, "in South India we face the macy departments; for leper work, and for amproblem of one hundred million women without bulances and roadside clinics. It is a large order any medical aid. Caste and religious customs of but small in comparison with the amount spent that ancient civilization have kept women in the in American hospital centers to meet one tenth background. They were forbidden to have a med- the need. Indians should themselves bear a large ical man treat them and were left to the mercy of part of the load but wealthy Indians will not mainignorant, untrained, superstitious older women, tain a definitely Christian hospital. utterly unfit to meet the terrible need of motherhood and childhood." This is the only Medical College for women in South India as that at Ludhianna is the only sim- To help meet this need the Veilore (South In- ilar Christian Medical College in North India. dia) hospital was established as the result of Already the college has sent out 146 graduates and much prayer, hard work and sacrifice, with a dis- has now 105 students; more would come if there pensary, a maternity building, a children's. hos~ were room. This college should cover South India pital, operating room and surgical block, nurses with medical and welfare service carried on by hostel and the chapel. In 1918 the Medical Col- Indian women physicians and nurses – all thorlege for Women was opened to train doctors and nurses. While the hospital was started under the oughly Christian.t Arcot Mission of the Reformed Church in America, the Medical College is interdenominational CRITICISMS AND CONFIDENCE and international but wholly Christian and Evangelical. The American section of the Governing Every phase of life and every enterprise has its Board includes representatives of the Baptist, critics-science, art, politics, war, education, reli- Congregational, Lutheran, Methodist, Reformed gion. Some critics are captious and prejudiced, more interested in finding faults than.in pointing and Presbyterian Churches.* The British socie- out remedies. Others are intelligent and construc- tive and are true friends of progress. They seek ties cooperating are the· Church Missionary So- not to hinder but to help; they do not discredit ciety, the Zenana Mission, the Church of Scotland work and workers but awaken a desire for imand English Methodists. provement; they do not exalt their own authority, infallibility and programs at the expense of other Some years ago, as a result of a financial cam- workers and plans, but endeavor to strengthen paign, money was obtained to furnish the neces- weak places and remove hindrances to the attainsary buildings and equipment. They are beau- ment of ideals. tiful, enduring and practical and are being used night and day to bring physical health and spir- Critics are and should be a help to the Church itual life to women and children and to train them of Christ and to the missionary cause. The hufor Christian service. Dr. Scudder and her help- man element is always faulty andthe faults should ers also go out each week into the villages to treat be recognized and corrected-but it is a mistake lepers and other sick and suffering folk. The use to weaken confidence in the enterprise or in earof this equipment has already more than justified nest and honored leaders. Even the best and most the money expended. intelligent workers are not infallible and critics sometimes do great harm to worthy causes and The women of India must be prepared for the great injustice to faithful servants of Christ. great task and new opportunities before them. They must be rescued from physical neglect; they In our December issue we printed extracts from must be released from ignorance and supersti- the "Report of a Friendly Critic" of the foreign tion; they must be brought into vital contact with mission enterprise as it is conducted today.·That Christ to give them purpose and power in service. there are weaknesses and imperfections at home This is what the Vellore Hospital and Medical and abroad no one can question. Times change. College for Women are doing. But the people of New methods must be adopted to meet new condi- India, even with government subsidies, cannot be t Send to Miss Hilda Olson, Treasurer, Rockport, Massachusetts. • The American Governing Board Includes Mrs. Henry W. Peabody, Miss Clementlna Butler, Mrs. DeWitt Knox, Mrs. Wm. R. for a copy of the beautifully Illustrated booklet on Vello're Medical Moody, Mrs. Phillip N. Rossman, Mrs. George W. Doane and Mrs. College containing the messages by Dr. Scudder and Mrs. Peabody. Wm. Bancroft HilI.

tions but the aims and ideals of Christian mis- Recent news from Berlin brings disappointment sions, as presented by Christ and His apostles, are to those who hoped for liberty and justice for unchanging. They are rooted in the abiding char- Evangelical Christians who believe that the will acter and will of God, in the unchanging Christ of God and not the will of Hitler should control and the ever-present need of sinning and suffering the Church. A wireless message to The New man. York Times on December 2d, says: Dr. Barnhouse pointed out what he believes to Germany's struggle between the totalitarian State and be some weaknesses in foreign mission work as the Protestant Church took a dramatic turn today when conducted today – especially in the selection of Hanns Kerrl, Minister for Church Affairs, undertook to personnel. The Executive Council of the Presby- paralyze the opposition to his regime. He decreed the supterian Board, to which he presented his report, pression of all groups that attempt to interfere with State received it with expressions of appreciation and, control of the Protestant Church through the new governwhile exception was taken to some statements, ment-appointed church directorates. they promised to look carefully into every case and to take immediate steps to correct anything M'r. KerrI's official explanation says that the decree was found to be out of harmony with the spirit and designed primarily to prevent the exercise of spiritual or teachings of Christ and contrary to the doctrines other authority by the Confessional Synods or other adand polity of the Presbyterian Church. The whole ministrative organs of the Confessional Church, of which Board later took the following action at their first August Marahrens of Hanover, president of the Lutheran meeting (November 18th) after the report was World League, is Presiding Bishop. presented: The Confessional Church was founded over a year ago Resolved, That the Board of Foreign Missions expresses to preserve the independence of Protestantism and to preto Dr. Barnhouse its appreciation of his efforts and con- vent the introduction of Nazi doctrines into its teaching. sideration; and that the Board of Foreign Missions again The Confessional Synod pastors throughout Prussia accuse assures the Church which it represents, that it is, and ever the Government of placing "under State protection the has been, the constant aim of the Board of Foreign Mis- propagation of heresy" in the church. sions to prosecute its work in fidelity and loyalty to the purpose of missionary endeavor as set forth in the Word The new decree of the State prohibits "the exerof God and the Standards of the Presbyterian Church, cise of spiritual and material administrative func- U. S. A.; and further, that we assure the Church that the tions by any organization or group within the special cases cited in the report of Dr. Barnhouse which church." seemed to him to be at variance with the Word of God and our Standards, are receiving and will receive our im- It prohibits the nomination ~f pastors and pastoral asmediate and serious attention with the view of either sistants, examination and ordination of candidates for the justifying or rectifying the conditions cited; and that the ministry, regular visits to parishes, issuance of declararesults obtained from the inquiry will be reported to the tions to be read from the pulpit, collection and adminis- Church. tration of church taxes, collection of funds in connection with services, and parish assemblies of any sort and the This prompt action on the part of the Board summoning of synods. should, we believe, strengthen our confidence in their loyalty to Christ, as well as in their integrity This seems to mean that the administration and and ability in administering the wO'rk committed financial affairs of the churches are to be under to their care. The officers of the Board should be State control. The Government, not content with given enough time to check up on facts by cor- drastic moves to "purify" the Reich by eliminating respondence with the fields. citizens with even a fraction of Semitic blood, now seeks to strengthen the State by insisting on The position of judge is a delicate one and re- church union under State control, even at the cost quires the wisdom, the patience and the Spirit of of Christian character and religious liberty. Evan- Christ. It is comforting to know that "all stand gelical church leaders refuse to capitUlate. They before the judgment seat of Christ" and to Him do not recognize human dictators, in the Church each one is to give account of his stewardship. or out of it, and the synods insist on preserving Mission Board executives have a difficult task and their independence and refuse to compromise do not take their responsibilities lightly. They with Nordic paganism or with any German covet our prayers more than our praise, but merit churches that bear the name Christian but lack our cooperation more than our criticism. the power and spirit of Christ. Christians in Ger- many, as well as Jews, are having difficult times, GERMAN EVANGELICALS STAND FIRM not only in preserving their true Christian char- acter but in functioning as Christians to extend The true followers of Christ, the Son of God, the Good News, and to reveal the life of Christ at always suffer at the hands of earthly potentates home and in their foreign mission fields. . Conwho do not know and follow Him. We see this fessional pastors and other Evangelical leaders illustrated not only in still pagan and Moslem declare that they "must obey God rather than lands today but in Russia, Italy and Germany. men." They may suffer but they will not sur- render and are convinced that even the "Gates of Hell" shall not prevail against the Church Qf Christ.

Missions With a Forward Look *

By ROBERT E. SPEER, New York –t!iI Author of "Christian Realities," "Are Foreign Missions Done )g.- For?", "Rethinking Missions Examined," etc., etc.

BUT is there any forward look? Are foreign selves to the view that the foreign missionary missions not done? This question is an- enterprise as we have known it in the past is draw- swered affirmatively and with contentment ing to a close. As a very well known recent book, by those who believe that the central and essential appraising the missionary enterprise, declares: task of Foreign Missions has been accomplished. "There is no ground for a renewed appeal for the The Gospel has been made known in every land support, much less for the enlargement of these and in almost every land the Christian Church has (foreign) missions as a whole in their present been established as a living institution. It is quite form and on their present basis." If the foreign true that there are many people in the world who missionary enterprise is to go on at all, it is de- do not know the Gospel but that is true in Chris- clared, it must be radically reconceived and tian and non-Christian lands alike. The name of whether when so reconceived there will be ade- Jesus has become the most widely known name in quate motive power to sustain it is an undeter- the world. mined question.

There are some who do not accept this cheerful There is, after all, perhaps not so much novelty view as to the completion of the missionary task, in these ideas. They have a familiar sound to who would like to see it go on and who believe that anyone who has known the missionary enterprise the work is still unfinished, who, nevertheless, feel from the beginning. In Carey's day, when that that the enterprise cannot live in the atmosphere tiny handful of Baptist ministers began the mis- and among the conditions of the new day. The sionary undertaking, how much Christianity was old ideals out of which it sprang, and the motives there in the Church at large, and who knew better by which it has been sustained, they regard as the inadequacy of the motives of romance and now obsolete; the desperate need of man for the glamor than these men who conceived that those Gospel is no longer felt. It is not believed any who were going were going down into a pit and longer that people are lost without Christ. The that those who remained must hold the ropes for old romance and glamor of Foreign Missions them? In the Massachusetts legislature, when the have vanished. We no longer attach to man's life charter for the American Board of Commissioners on earth the dramatic and determinative signifi- for Foreign Missions was under consideration, ob- cance that our fathers attached to it. We are no jection was made on the ground that there was longer disturbed by the fact of men living with- not religion enough to meet the needs of America out thought of Jesus Christ, the Saviour. We no and that there could be no justification in export- longer regard the non-Christian religions as either ing what we had. Dr. Ritson of the British and false or inadequate as our fathers did. We think Foreign Bible Society has preserved, in his ac- of them in the most generous way and are sure count of the monthly conferences of Foreign Mis- that God has not left any of His children without sionary Secretaries held in London ever since adequate guidance. Weare not concerned over 1819, an account of the difficulties which the mis- the spiritual destitution of other peoples. sionary societies were meeting in those early Weare taught, further, that Christianity has years a century ago. He writes: ceased to have the divine value which we once at- At this period the whole outlook of missions changed tributed to it. We are in doubt whether there is from enthusiastic expectation of world-wide success to a any absolute religion or whether we have even in humble hope that a few elect might be saved. A good deal of hostile criticism was leveled against the Societies. In Christianity, as we know it ourselves, something 1825 the Association was enquiring, "In what light are we worth carrying to the rest of the world. In a word, to regard the opposition now so generally excited against so we are told, the old ideals and motives are gone the diffusion of divine truth, and in what mode should it and however reluctantly, we must reconcile our- be met?" and then in 1826 they tried to profit from the opposition-"What practical lessons may be learned from • An address dellvered at the Biennial Meeting of the Presbyterian the recent animadversions on benevolent institutions ?" Women's Home and Foreign Missionary Societies at Ashev!l1e, North Again a little later they discussed, "What are the causes Carollna, in June, 1935.

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of that distrust which has been excited respecting the man- ment in his First Epistle to the Corinthians tells agement of religious societies, and what is the best mode them of his plans. "I will tarry at Ephesus until of removing it?" There is a tone of resignation in the Pentecost; for a great door and effectual is opened title of a paper read in l849. "The trials of missions- unto me, and there are many adversaries!' I have the reasons of these afflictive dispensations and the bene- always been glad Paul said "and," not "hut." The ficial results of them." But they were not allowed to work presence of the adversaries constituted, they did in peace, for within three y~ars it was said, "A notion not qualify, the opportunity. It was because of prevails to some extent that the missionary enterprise is them that St. Paul intended to stay. The door a comparative failure. Is there any truth in it, and what that is open to us today is greater and more effec- are the best methods of dealing with it?" The Minutes tual, and there are no greater adversaries. of this ,meeting record the conviction that "missions had been successful beyond expectation, and probably far sur- Present-Day Difficulties passing the hopes of the fathers and founders of them." As we stand today, accordingly, at the end of a The storm broke out again in 1858 after the Indian great history and consider foreign missions with Mutiny-the friends of missions urging a bolder Christian a forward look the first thing that we note is the policy on the Government, and the critics declaring that summons of the difficulties of our task in the new the Mutiny was caused by proselytism. In the same year day. The old difficulties are with us still and there the Secretaries were also driven to examine "Some of the are new difficulties besides these. We will do principal objections made against the management of reli- wisely, as we gird ourselves for the task not done, gious societies such as the cost of deputation work, pub- not to underestimate the difficulties and adver- lications and periodicals, etc." Criticism from without saries as we go forward. I would name a few of , never ceased, but for half a century the Association has these which instead of constituting a barrier to not spent much time in discussing it. Of course it has not advance constitute an unquestionable divine sum- always come from without. There have been critical and mons and appeal. argumen,tative and candid friends in the inner circle. In 1825, Edward Irving's famous L. M. S. sermon declared 1. There is the old difficulty that is called by a that the current methods were all wrong, and a few years different name in each generation-the interpre- after there was a topic of discussion which sounds pecul- tation of life that leaves out the living God. We iarly modern-"What line of conduct should be adopted by call it humanism or naturalism today. I was with Missionary Societies in order to obviate the dangers, which a group of young student leaders recently in which may be apprehended from the agitation among their one of the ablest of the group spoke of the entire friends or agents, of those' controversies which have re- change of attitude that had come to him as a result cently been moved in the Christian Church?" of a recent trip to China. He had been inclined to stress the humanistic conception of Christianity The lllen and women who began the missionary until he had seen on a large scale in China the utter futility of a leadership dominated by a hu- undertaking a century ago faced all the objections manistic philosophy. He said he doubted whether any nation had done any other nation a greater that we are facing now, and others. If such ob- disservice than America had done China in giving jections are fatal to the continuance of the mis- so many of the young men who are now in posi- sionary undertaking, how is it that they were not tions of leadership in China the humanistic or fatal to its origin? naturalistic philosophical view in the American universities where these men had studied. He I have been reading lately some of the accounts had seen the hopelessness of their attempt to guide of these early missionary discussions in the and lift China, with no resources drawn from Diary of the Rev. John C. Rankin, who was one above and without, through a frank recognition of of our early missionaries in India from 1840-1848, man's need of God and of the hopelessness of up- and in the charges that Walter Lowrie and Elisha lifting a nation save by power from outside itself. Swift gave to the very first missionaries of the He saw now more clearly than ever the impotence Presbyterian Church. I have been noting the of a philosophy of man's sufficiency and the indis- arguments that were made at the beginning of the pensable need of New Testament Christianity. work in China as to whether the mission station Weare cQnfronted today with a new interpreta- in Canton should be continued or abandoned. The tion of life that confines man to his own limits. Persia and some of the India Missions have been This disbelief, with the elimination of God from recalling both this year and last the memories of human life, this disbelief in enlisting superhuman their establishment a hundred years ago. Let any- forces in the help of men is a difficulty that is an one go over this material, and the great mass of appeal. which it is representative, and he will see that we are facing no conditions adverse to the contin- 2. We are ~lso confronted with a distorted and uance of the enterprise that were not matched by exaggerated concept of nationalism. There is a equal or greater difficulties at the beginning. We are unworthy children 'of the fathers and mothers who went before us if we falter now on the thresh- old of the future when they refused to falter on the threshold of the past. To them the difficulties and hindrances appeared not as an impediment but asap appeal, just as to St. Paul. His state-

FOREIGN MISSIONS WITH A FORWARD LOOK

true nationalism just as there is a true sense of forms which it takes in the modern world is surely family integrity and pride but the nationalism at enmity both with Christianity and with natu,re, with which we have to deal today is too often both 'and with truth. It proposes communistic 'equality false and fictitious. It is false in that it will even but applies its proposal not to the energy of pro- go to the extent of rewriting national history in duction but to the distribution of what is pro- disregard of truth in order to create a nationalistic duced. It seeks to establish a principle of equality myth. It is false and also fictitious in that its which is irrational and impossible. There never isolation is selfish and misguided. No nation can has been equality either in nature or in man and separate itself from the rest of mankind today, there never can be. There are true Christian prin- and yet repeatedly nations attempt to do so by ciples which alone will provide what Communism admitting so much influence as they think will help is striving after. They are embodied in the for- them, rejecting the rest, by seeking only to get and mula: "From every man according to his ability; not to give, and by folly of choice as to what to to every man according to his need," but a Com- admit and what to exclude. There are organiza- munism that seeks to share that which it has not, tions built on fiction, on the possibility of national according to its ability, shared in producing is self-containment as though the Dead Sea were suicidal. It is this false Communism which across not a sufficient object lesson in nature of any at- the world today supplies a newdifficulty and a new tempt to apply the principle of self-containment appeal. "On every road in China," a recent writer to human life or society. What more direct chal- states, "there are two men today; one of them lenge to the very essence of Christianity could preaching Karl Marx and the other preaching there be than this national advocacy of a principle Jesus Christ." That is an extreme generalization.

of racial selfishness and human disunity! There are roads in China today where only the 3. Weare confronted with a new idea of toler-, man preaching Christ will be met, but alas, there ance that equalizes all religions and gathers them, are other roads where the Marxian has his way.

into a mutual recognition, into an association of We need the man of Christ on every road, in every faiths. But Christianity has never consented and land, in every market place and every shop, in never can consent to any such equalitarianism in every place, high and low.

religion. There is a great deal to be said for John 5. We have the difficulty of schism and division Dewey's view, in his Terry lecture at Yale, that among men just at a time when there is the great- the concept of religion itself is meaningless. His est and most tragic need of unity. We have this contention is that it is too indefinite and incoher- schism and division even in the Christian Church.

ent, that it means nothing by meaning everything. But then, this too, is not new. Our own Board of When you class atheism, deism, polytheism, mono- Foreign Missions originated at the time of the theism, animism and a belief in a personal God all division of our Church in the Old and New under one term it is obvious that the term means Schools. There were parties in the Church of the so much as to mean nothing. Christianity does New Testament itself, and Paul had to meet no not belong to any such common pool. It cannot greater difficulties at Ephesus than he had to deal be classified with what we speak of as "the reli- with in the parties and divisions in the Corinthian gions of the world." They are human phenomena. Church itself. If we cannot hear today the cry They are the attempts on the part of man to an- of the torn body of Christ we must 'be deaf indeed.

swer the great and irrepressible questions of the We face all these difficulties~ old arid new, as we soul: Where did I come from? What am I to do? look abO'ut us and look forward but we find in'them What can I know? Where am I going? At its simply a guarantee of" the future; they are the best they are the efforts of man to find God, but summons of God ·Himself to us to gird ourselves Christianity is nothing of this sort. It is nota for our task. Two generations ago, in the struggle set of questions asked by man. It is a revelation over the Corn Laws, someone said to Cobden that from God. It is not the attempt of man to find a certain action was impossible. Cobden replied, God. It is God's effort to find man. The religions "Is that all? Then it is time we set about it at of the world at their best are the efforts of man to once." And this also was 'the spirit and principle stumble up the altar stairs to God, but Christianity of General Armstrong, the founder of Hampton is God coming down the altar stairs to man. The Institute, and one of the great creative, educa- very intellectual difficulty which the new view pre- tional, Christian personalities of America. His sents is itself a fresh missionary summons to men daughter writes of him, "He was filled through and women who believe in the Christianity of the and through with a deep sense that by hard work New Testament. alone can a'ny of us be saved." "God's hand," he 4. Both at home and abroad today Christianity ,said,once, "points to a steep and craggy height.

meets the theory of Communism whic:!h ca:llsits:elf ,It must, be climbed. I will climb it!" "I feel happy the foe o-f Christianity and which in many of the when all my powers of endurance are taxed."

Once at one of the conferences at Lake Mohonk hold but man is not living in it as one family," or somebody spoke of a proposal as impossible as to say the same thing in other words, "Weare as someone had done in Cobden's time. Armstrong a political fact members of one another, yet we was on his feet at once with the exclamation, act towards one another as strangers, rivals and "What are Christians in the world for but to ac- even enemies." Once again the only solution is complish the impossible by the help of God?" the Christian principle of human brotherhood con- This was St. Paul's religion. "1 can do all things strued in terms of justice and righteousness. Just through Christ who strengthens me." as the Roman Empire was saved for a new lease of life through the unification which Christianity The old day has come to a close and we cannot brought, so today this disordered and divided recall it; but it is not night that is ahead of us; world can be saved by no other unity. it is the dawn of a new day and the difficulties that we confront ought to appeal to youth as strongly In spite of·· revivifying movements here and as the difficulties of their day appealed to those there in the non-Christian religions it cannot be denied that the old faiths are disintegrating. before us. Francis Wei, president of Hua Chung College in Wuchang, China, said a few months ago in an ad- New Opportunities Today dress at Yale: "The three ancient religions, Tao- ism, Buddhism, Confucianism, are losing ground But there are not only difficulties around and in China. One quarter of the human race is at before us-there is the glory of great new oppor- the crossroads wrestling with its destiny. China',; tunities. "Behold, 1 set before Thee an open door most difficult problem is not political or economic. which no man can shut." We look out on this The problem of gravest concern is whether the world of new difficulties but also new and inviting spiritual forces in the country are sufficiently opportunity. strong to direct and mold her political and eco- nomic development during the next thirty years." It is a contracting world that is becoming slowly Hu Shih, the leader of the young intelligentsia of self-conscious of its identical interest in meeting China, declared recently that Taoism and Conits deep ethical needs. It is different from the old fucianism are both dead. William Hung, of Yenchworld sprawled out over noncommunicating me- ing University, advises the missionary agencies ridians. It were well if our nation would remem- no longer to concern themselves with the study of ber this. There are no isolated or remote places the Christian approach to the non-Christian relileft in the world today. The whole of mankind is gions because they are already incapacitated and bound together in the unity of a common life. The have been replaced by different forms of antagoidea that any people can segregate itself from the nism, namely, "scientific agnosticism, materialistic rest of the world is as fictitious as that one mem- determinism, political fascism, and moral iconber of the body can detach itself from the rest of oclasm." Or as Mr. John McMurray, of BaHiol the body. College, said in a paper that was circulated at the International Missionary Conference in Jeru- It is a world that must act together and that yet salem: "These religions are going to be smashed does not have the instrumentalities for united ac- anyhow, perhaps not quickly but surely, and what tion and it is America which has most at stake; is going to do it, indeed is already doing it, is which is bound to suffer most; which has been modern science, modern commerce and modern most unwilling to share in the development of political organizations." Let anyone go through these instrumentalities which the common inter- China today and visit the abandoned Confucian ests of mankind absolutely require. In the last temples and he will realize what a change is comchapter of his recent book, "The Fact of the ing over the non-Christian world. Once again it Christian Church," Dr. Carnegie Simpson points needs to be said that the non-Christian religions out the way in which Christianity from age to age are far from moribund, but not one of them is has come with the only solution that could meet what it was, or can ever be again what it has been. the emergency of the time. When Christianity One can venture to believe that the day is drawentered the Roman world, he says, it found there ing near {)f which Sir Charles Trevelyan wrote patent inequalities running through society. Of years ago: "Many persons mistake the way in these the most conspicuous and the most deep which the conversion of India will be brought rooted was the line of demarcation between the about. I believe it will take place wholesale, just free man and the slave. Christianity did not at as our own ancestors were converted. The counonce end slavery but it introduced the idea which try will have Christian instruction infused into it in the end dissolved it. In the Middle Ages man in every way by direct missionary education, and had to make the transition from the old order to indirectly by books of various sorts, through the a new which was only possible through the contribution of Christianity once again of the principle of liberty. Now we have a new world and a civilization that is afraid of itself. . "It is one house-

FOREIGN MISSIONS WITH A FORWARD LOOK

public papers, through conversations with Euro- lem women from one of the schools in Constanpeans, and in all the conceivable ways in which tinople coming unveiled away from Santa Sofia. knowledge is communicated. Then at last, when A revolution has come fraught with danger but society is completely saturated with Christian fraught with promise if the Christian women of knowledge, and public opinion has taken a decided the West will meet the emerging womanhood from turn that way, they will come over by thousands." the non-Christian world with Christ.

In the third place the comment which I quoted I will mention only one more of the fresh opat the beginning is quite true; that is, that the portunities now-the appeals that come ever more name of Jesus is more widely known throughout clearly and distinctly from our Christian brethren the world today than any other name. A Canadian in the fields where we have been carrying on forfriend who has just come back from a visit to the eign missions work. Weare often told that the Far East, where he has been more than once be- missionary is no longer wanted and that he ought fore, said in my hearing recently that the first not to go where he is not invited. These invitaimpression made upon him on this recent trip was tions that are pouring in today from the authoritathe increased respect and reverence for that Name tive agencies of the National Churches of Asia and which he met everywhere. A Scotch minister Latin America are a conclusive answer. They set wrote recently about being asked to preside over forth in the most urgent way the desire of these a meeting in India addressed by one of India'~ churches for help. The voice of India was uttered nationalists, a Cambridge and Moscow graduate, by the Bishop of Dornakal in the appeal which he who for two hours poured out a passionate denun- sent to the meeting of the British students in ciation of India and Great Britain, of every class, Edinburgh in January, 1933: of every evil, but who closed his address with these words: "I have to thank you all for allowing me We cannot, therefore, at this time restrain ourselves to speak as I have done for two hours abusing all from sending you a call to "come over and help us" with that you hold most dear, but you must have noticed all the earnestness and passion at our command. that there was One whom I did not even criticize, and indeed He is above all my criticism or any 1. There are vast regions in many parts of India and man's – the lovely Lord Christ." There has re- Burma into which the message of God's revelation in cently appeared a book entitled, "India's Response Christ has not yet penetrated. to Christ," published by Mr. P. K. Sen, a Hindu of Calcutta, in which he writes, "I believe in my 2. There are still whole classes of people, even in alheart of hearts, that India cannot escape Christ. ready evangelized regions (like the middle class Hindus, No one can escape Christ. So has it been with me. Muslims, Buddhists, and Untouchables) to whom Christ The hostility to Christ that made itself manifest and His message have not yet been demonstrably put. in the first clash of the East and West has disappeared. Years have passed and Christ has slowly 3. The small church in India needs outside aid to train and silently entered the hearts of the thinking sec- its manhood and its womanhood and its ministry for nation of the people. Slowly and surely He will tional Christian service and for effective witness to the enter the hearts of all. For Christ is such an One regenerating power of Christ. as cannot but be accepted. 0 what picture of simplicity, reality, holiness, sweetness and love. 4. The rural churches and ,those established among . . . One sees Him and simply cannot escape classes of people once despised and suppressed need guid- ance and help to enable them to play their part in service Him." for rural India. All this represents a vast change in India and 5. Doctors and educationalists are needed for mission throughout the non-Christian world. The Name hospitals and colleges to serve India towards stronger that is above every name is becoming increasingly and saner citizenship. recognized and reverenced. The world is far from accepting Him as Saviour and Redeemer but it is We fear that the strong national feelings exhibited in slowly coming to recognize that at least He is the recent years in India may estrange even the disciples of supreme moral ideal and if men will thus recog- Christ from the call to serve Him in a land that is full nize and obey Him and do His will they will come of racial antipathies. We may assure you that, while that to know the doctrine. is true to a certain extent in the sphere of politics, it is not true in the sphere of religion. At no time has there been The new world above and ahead of us is marked a greater friendliness among the people towards Chrisby nothing more clearly than by the new freedom tians and Christian messengers than at the present time. of women. I contrast in my mind the sight of the British missionaries of the true type – missionaries who veiled women of the Near East a generation ago endeavor in the spirit of our Master to come to India with with what one sees today-concretely, with the sympathy and discernment and to serve her people with laughing faces of a great company of young Mos- that peculiar self-effacing love and power that issues out of the Cross of Christ-such are in greater demand now than ever before.

Again we fear that some may be deterred by a con- sciousness of personal inadequacy for the needs of India, and by a procrastination that makes them wait for some inward guidance and special call before they respond to an appeal for service in India. But surely the crying needs of this great country and its peoples, and especially at a time like this, and the possession of that life and power which issued from Calvary and the Upper Room, coupled with the consciousness of ability with the help of

God to meet these needs – constitute a call the Divine need to remind.ourselves of the word of one of source of which no one can easily doubt. our own missio,nary fathers, Simeon Calhoun, We therefore plead with you to consider whether Chris- whom men called "the Saint of Lebanon": "If the Christi~n Church were what it ought to be, twenty tian students can now fail to give India what they alone years would not pass away before the story of the can give and whether they do not owe India this immediate help at the present crisis of her history. We pray that the call to come over and help us may touch the hearts Cross would be uttered in the ears of every living of some of you, resulting in your surrender for mission- man." ary service in India. And the life is available. We have on the rolls This is an authoritative voice, quite different of the Candidate Department in one Board the from the irresponsible statements of non-Chris- names of some seven or eight hundred young men tian students from these lands studying in West- . and women who are preparing themselves for mis- ern universities. sionary service; Some are paying for their med- These appeals from the National Churches deal ical education by giving their own blood in trans- very specifically with the idea that missionaries fusions in hospitals. Some are ready to go and ought not to go except when sent where they are are offering themselves to the Board and the invited. The National Christian Council of Japan Church. The following letter is signed by four- at its meeting last December spoke these manly teen students, some of them sons of missionaries: words: As students of Princeton Theological Seminary and as The work which Foreign Missions Boards have started members of the band of Student Volunteers, we believe in Japan has by no means reached a full-round goal. that Jesus Christ is the only Saviour of the world; and Much remains to be done to bring it to full completion. we realize that "it behooved Christ to suffer, and to rise We are anxious that they shall finish it fully and hap- from the dead the third day; and that repentance and re- pily. The reason self-support and the spirit of independ- mission of sins should be preached in His name a-mong all ence lags among our churches is the tendency to lean on nations." We adhere to all the doctrines of the Presby- friends and funds from abroad. The Japanese Church terian Church. Because of this belief we are eager to should cut loose and launch out for itself. This has been preach the Gospel in foreign lands. However, because of done in every other sphere of life in the Empire; diplo- lack of funds, of the twenty-one who have volunteered macy, education, commerce, industry go forward through from the last two graduating classes and the present senior Japanese initiative and effort. Why not the Church? class, only two men have been sent to the field.

Mission organizations and missionaries should act from With an increasing conviction of the world's immediate any irresistible sense of mission and not wait for an invi- and imperative need of Christ, we appeal to the Church, tation. The missionary attitude of American Christians to individuals or local organizations, to share with us the motivated by an impelling inner urge should be positive responsibility resting upon all the followers of Christ to and aggressive. Regarding policies for evangelism in send us out as your representatives to proclaim the mes- Japan, we believe that the Japanese Church should in the sage of salvation. main take the initiative. However, we welcome assistance "For whosoever shall call upon the name of the Lord from abroad which is motivated by a positive urge. We shall be saved. How, then, shall they call on Him in whom fail because there is too much of a spirit of compromise they have not believed? And how shall they believe in with the "Japanese spirit." If Christianity were to be- Him of whom they have not heard? And how shall they come a Japanese religion it would cease to be Christianity. hear without a preacher? And how shall they preach When this is put squarely to the student, for example, he except they be sent?"

is attracted by it. We need to be more forthright in our We, the undersigned, are willing and desirous to go for presentation of the essential differences between Chris- evangelistic work to any field to which the way may be tianity and Japanism. . opened.

We thank God for the new and rich opportuni- Will the Church turn away from such a priceties in this new day. "I have set before you," God less offering of life as this? is saying to younger men and women, "a door that cannot be shut." What we need is the sacrifice that will bring together this life and the latent resources of the OUT Adequate Resources Church, such sacrifice as is not impossible, for we have seen it again and again in our churches and And as we look forward we remind ourselves missionary societies. As illustration I quote from not only of the summons of the new difficulties and two letters representative of the consecration the appeal of the new opportunities but.we remind which now and again we meet and which is God's ourselves of the new and adequate resources. It greatest gift to His Church. Some six or seven is true that there has been a falling'off in contri- years ago-I received a letter from a dear old butions but that is not because the ·Church could friend, the Rev. William Sidebotham of Michigan, not give as it did. There are individuals, of written just after his wife's death. Mr. Sidecourse, who have reached the limit of their ability botham had given three sons to the ministry, one and would gladly give more if it were in their of .whom had been a missionary in Korea who had power, but the Church as a whole is abundantly met a tragic death while home on furlough, two able to give all that is needed for tne full accom- daughters to home missionary work and teaching. plishment of our foreign missiona,ry task. W~ This was his letter:

FOREIGN MISSIONS WITH A FORWARD LOOK

My wonderful wife died last night. The funeral will be than ever before the sacrifices they made in their earlier tomorrow. I am sorry that you cannot be present. The years, that we might be"eaucated, and 1 have come to arrangements are all made. For some years the money to understand a little more fully the joy .they had when we cover expense of funeral has been ready. Many and many all entered Christian work. I feel as though we had been times she has said: "Don't spend a cent for flowers when left a great heritage, something that will be an inspira- I die. Give it to Foreign Missions." Accordingly not a tion to us all our lives. We have a· precious memory of a penny of mine will be spent for flowers. But I enclose wonderful mother and father. $100 from her for the field in Taiku, in memory of our son. She has often wished she was rich, but never that This was the faith and love of the generation she might have a better wardrobe, etc., but that she might that bore the burden of the past, and that is now help the poor and help foreign missions. Some seven gone. There are many among the older ones who years ago, at a presbyterial, Mrs. J. K. Mitchell, appealing will follow shortly on the same road. Before we for more generous giving, said, "Mother Sidebotham, don't go we want to lay this glorious work on the minds you think every woman could forego one pair of silk stock- and hearts of you who are to follow us. We reings to help the cause?" At once she said aloud, "I never joice in the oncoming company. I went recently had a pair of silk stockings in my life." to speak at a meeting of the Presbyterial Society in myoId Huntingdon Presbytery in Pennsylvania She gladly gave Richard to Korea, and she wept when where I grew up as a boy. Th€ old home church the physician blocked the way for Robert's going in Rich- was crowded to the· doors and on either side of ard's place. She gladly gave Emily to home mission work the pulpit were arrayed the representatives of the in 1900, and grieved in 1924, when it was necessary for young people of the Presbytery, some two hundred Emily to come home and be our housekeeper. My salary or more. As I saw them come in and take their was never more than $700 and manse (often less) till I places I had a fresh feeling of confidence and joy. was sixty-four; never more than $800 and manse till I It is clear that .there is to be no breach between was over seventy, in 1918, never more than $1,200 and the future and the past; that tl),ere are rising in manse till I retired, and began to get $50 a month from the Church new forces that will welcome the new the Board of Relief. Yet she uncomplainingly gave her difficulties and the new opportunities, and that children and rejoiced in our tithing until the end. En- will draw on those adequate resources that are closed is $100 in her name. I wish it could be $10,000. available in God for the carrying forward of this enterprise into the new day. Withgratefulness Some time afterwards I received the following and hope we lay it in your hands now with the letter from one of Mr. Sidebotham's daughters: prayer and assurance that the future is to out- shine the past. On February 6, my father, Rev. William Sidebotham, entered into his well-earned rest after an illness of only Let us pray: Oh Lord Jesus Christ, who art the same ten days of bronchial pneumonia. He had been unusually yesterday, today and forever – who walkest serene amid well all winter, and we were hoping for him a few more the changing generations – not fearing to hold the stars years of life. He would have been eighty-four the first and the churches in Thy hand-we are Thine and we are day of April. We know that he is happy now, united with not going out at our own charge or on any self-appointed my mother, whom he has missed more than we have real- errand, but as Thy servants, yes, even more as Thy friends. ized, and my brother Richard, whose work in Korea was For the servant knoweth not what His Lord doeth, but all so dear to my father's heart. Our only sorrow is for our- things that were made known unto Thee by thy Father, selves in our loneliness. Thou hast committed unto us. Lay Thy hand, we pray thee, upon young life, to carry the flame of a new loyalty When we opened his will, we found a sheet of instruc- to Thee wherever it goes; and to set the torches blazing tions. Among them was the following: "After my funeral across the length and breadth of Thy Church. Kindle the expenses are all paid, take $100 for flowers. Do not buy ancient fires afresh on the altars of the new day; and flowers, but send it to Dr. Speer, asking him to see that send us all out with a new sense of our commission from it is used for work in Korea, in memory of my son Thee, and a new purpose in life and death to serve Thee Richard." until the end of the day, which is the Dawn. This is our prayer. Fulfill it to us, Lord Jesus, we ask in Thine own So I am enclosing a check for that amount. I am glad name. Amen. – father was able to do this, and that he had commissioned me to carry out this wish. You may remember that he sent a similar amount at the death of my mother three years ago.

During the last eight and a half years that I have been at home caring for my parents, I have realized more possibly than the other children how dear the work of His Kingdom was to their hearts. I have appreciated more To witness to the world and to win the world are not necessarily coextensive undertak- ings; and when the Church shall have testified the Gospel of the grace of God among all nations it may be that multitudes will yet remain disobedient to the heavenly message.There- fore I boldly affirm that the Church has nowhere assigned to it the achievement of converting the world in this dispensation. Let none be offended at this statement, since I emphatically add that though our task is not to bring all the world to Christ, our task is unquestionably to bring Christ to all the world. A, ·J.GoRI)ON:

Based on a map copyrigM.ed by the National Geographic Society ETHIOPIA – THE LAST INDEPENDENT KINGDOM IN AFRICA The scene of the present Italian Invasion from Eritrea and Italian SomaJlland. Dessye recently bombed. The flteJd of Christian missionary service. Mission stations are underlined. FigUres on the map show heights of mountains and plateaus. For list of Protestant Mission Societies and names of Mission Stations see opposite page.

as a Mission

By STUART BERGSMA, B.A., M.D.

Formerly of the American Mission, Addis Ababa and Sayo, Ethiopia ETHIOPIA has so long been a hermit empire, and such country is extremely hot, dry and unin- withdrawing herself from contacts with the teresting, the soil consisting of volcanic ash, lava, rest of the world, proud and free on her na- boulders and sand, with little verdure. The poptive highland plateau, "forgetful of the world by ulation of such areas is very sparse, for even the whom she was forgotten," that it is not surprising most ignorant native will prefer a higher, more that many questions arise in the minds of Chris- healthful location, if available, to a location in tian people as they read erroneous and conflicting which he is daily burned by a merciless sun and reports about this land which now is the site of a in which he can find scarcely any water. The shameful war of conquest. Reporters following nomadic tribes inhabiting such districts constitute the armies or writing from the capitol city send the wilder people of Ethiopia. No missionary such conflicting reports as these: Ethiopia is a work is done among these people, life being prac- Christian country; Ethiopia is a country of sav- tically impossible for white people for any ex- agery and barbarism; Ethiopia is a remarkably tended period in such a climate. In the hot low- fertile and wealthy country with vast mineral re- lands malaria abounds wherever mosquitoes can sources; Ethiopia is not worth a dollar per square live, and the population is so scattered the mis- mile. sionary would find no audience.

Since the area of Ethiopia is about one-eighth Perhaps three-fourths of the people of Ethiopia that of the United States it can be readily under- live at an altitude above three thousand feet, and stood that there will be great differences in alti- I would judge that at least half of the people of tude, climate, healthfulness, people, customs, and Ethiopia live at an altitude of a mile or more above even religions in various sections of so vast a sea level. A few small villages are located at an country. The lowlands of Ethiopia are found es- altitude of two miles or more above sea level, but pecially toward the east adj oining the Red Sea, the population of these higher levels, where the PROTESTANT MISSIONS AND MISSION STATIONS IN ETHIOPIA 1. United Presbyterian of U. S. A.-ll workers now on the field.

2. Sudan Interior Mission (Interdenominational and International)-60 workers now on the field. 3. Seventh-Day Adventist-23 missionary workers in Ethiopia and Eritrea. 4. Missionssallskapet Bibeltrogna Vanner (Swedish)-18 workers. 5. Bible Churchman's Missionary Society-18 workers. 6. British and Foreign Bible Society-l worker. 7. Evangelical National Mission Society of Sweden-no detailed report.

8. Church Mission to the Jews-British-7 workers. 9. Roman Catholics have stations at Addis Ababa, Dessye and elsewhere.

10. Hermanaburg Evangelical Lutheran M. S.-West Gallaland-no report.

Protestant Mission Stations and Societies at Work in Ethiopia * Marked on the Map. Societies at Work Are Marked by Numbers.

* Addis Ababa (Capital)-I, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. * Gembe (Wollega)-3. * Gore (or Gorei)-1. Addis Alem-3. * Harar-4. * Asmara (In Eritrea)-4. * * Allata (or Homatcho)-2. Ira (German Mission). Arusi 4. * Jiran (Jimma)-2. ** – * ** * * Bulke (In Kafa)-2. (not underlined). Lalibela (or Lallibella)-2. Chercher (Arusi)-3 Lambuda (Cambatta)-2. * Maraka-2. Darassa (Allata)-2. * Nakempti, or Nakamti-4 (not underlined). Debra Tabor-3. * Saio (or Sayo)-I.

Debra Markos-3. * Dessie or Dessye (Wallo Province)-3. * Shamma (Chincha)-2. Djenda-8. * Shoa-3. * Soddu-2. •* Dire Dawa-4. Wanda (near Soddu) -2. Duromay-2. * Yerga Alam (Sidamo Provin Fitchay-5. ce)-2.

[ 15]

nights become so cold and the rains so severe and of many calling themselves Christians. By this I the air so thin, is a scattered and sparse popula- do not mean to insinuate that none of the mem- tion just as it is in the lower altitudes where the bers of the Church of Ethiopia has a living faith heat is so intense and the land so sun-baked and sufficient unto salvation. His Majesty the Em- the temperature so intensely high. peror seems to be a Christian of the highest type, Missionary stations in Ethiopia are all placed and some of the priests and nobility have a firm where the largest number can have access to the grasp of essential Christian truths. The main preaching of the Gospel and the benefits of our body of adherents to the Ethiopian Coptic Church, schools and hospitals. Hence missionaries in however, seem woefully lacking in knowledge of Ethiopia usually live in the cool, green, beautiful the simplest essentials of the Christian faith, highlands of Ethiopia, where the rainfall is about scarcely ever attend a church service or sacra- sixty inches per year and the temperature range ment, depend .on fasts and external observances is from about 32 degrees Fahrenheit in the cold- for their salvation instead of on the mediatorial est season to about 95 degrees Fahrenheit in the blood of Jesus Christ, and lead a life that cannot hottest season. This temperature range is most be reconciled with that of one bearing the name of remarkable when we remember that Ethiopia is Christian. Many people who have been baptized situated between parallels of latitude 4 degress into membership in the Church of Ethiopia know and 14 degrees above the equator. It answers the no more than that the baptismal string which is question so frequently asked: "Why should a placed about their neck at the time of baptism is European nation desire this country?" Because the guarantee and unshakable proof that they are it is white man's land from climatic standpoint, Christians. As one simple convert told me: "To whereas the present possessions of European na- wear a string about the neck means one is a Chris- tions adjoining Ethiopia are hot and dry wilder- tian, and to be a Christian means to wear a string ness wastelands. about the neck."

Roughly speaking, missionaries in Ethiopia deal The Need of "Christian" Ethiopia with two classes of people, the real Ethiopians or Amharas, and the more negroid subject people, The very members of the Church of Ethiopia the Gallas. The total population of Ethiopia is ap- itself, including even some of the priests, are in proximately ten million, although estimates as low need of the preaching of the Gospel. It is obvious, as six million are given, since there has never however, that missionary endeavor directed to the been a census. Of the total population of Ethiopia ruling class people will be far more difficult than approximately two-thirds are Gallas and one-third to a group which has had no contact with the Amharas. Gospel. A little knowledge is a dangerous thing, The Amharas or Ruling Class it may mean the eternal loss of that soul, for one who thinks he has sufficient and turns a deaf ear The Amharas are the ruling class of people, tall, cannot grow spiritually.

strong, well-fed, proud, brave, and intelligent, and Addis Ababa, the capital city of Ethiopia, is the trace their origin back to the time of the Queen of "Jerusalem" of the present-day Church of Ethi- Sheba, who they state was an Ethiopian, and who opia. It is the stronghold of the ancient faith and they affirm bore King Solomon of Israel a son, the here are concentrated an enormous number of the son becoming the head of the great Solomonian priests of the Church. Missionary work will conline of Kings of Ethiopia which extends down to sequently be more difficult in Addis Ababa than this day. The Amharas, or ruling class people in in outlying parts where the people are heathen. general, are usually adherents of the ancient The number of converts will be small. Christian faith of Ethiopia. There is in Ethiopia a Christian Church which is a branch of the Cop- Within the last decade the attitude of the tic Church of Egypt. To the presence of this Church of Ethiopia to Evangelical Christian misgroup in Ethiopia is due the common report that sions has been one of friendliness rather than op- Ethiopia is a Christian land. position. This attitude is perhaps due to the fact that modern missions have wisely combined edu- To most of the ruling class people their peculiar cational missions and medical missions and indus- form of Christianity is so vital that they would trial missi9ns with the evangelical work. Ideally gladly die to preserve the Church of Ethiopia, as considered a mission station should have an in- did many of their forefathers in past ages in com- dustrial missionary to teach the natives better bating heathenism and Mohammedanism round- farming, carpentry and other trades; a teacher, about. However, devotion to their Church as a doctor, nurse, and an ordained missionary. His peculiar national institution which must be pre- Majesty the Emperor Haille Selassie I has been served at all costs seems to be the most commend- extremely favorable to missionary work..

able thing one can mention concerning the faith The headquarters of all mission·organizations

ETHIOPIA ASA MISSION FIELD

From "The Rambow Empire"; published by Wm. B. Ee.rdmansll, G(froand Rapid8, Michigan THE ROYAL FAMILY OF ETHIOPIA Emperor Hoaoimlle Seelloaossssie 1I , with the Empress, Woaolzlzeerro Menan , the Crown Prince Astao Wassan and Prince Makonnen working in Ethiopia are situated in Addis Ababa In Addis Ababa is to be found the largest hosand at least one third of the total number of mis- pital in Ethiopia, that of the United Presbyterian sionaries resident in Ethiopia are working in Mission, with 100 beds and modern in every way, Addis Ababa. Here we find the largest hospitals, having electric light, X-ray, adequate medical and schools, and a leprasarium. Addis Ababa is sit- surgical equipment, and a model laboratory. The uated in the very center of Ethiopia and from same mission has also on its twelve-acre compound this city radiate all the roads, most of the roads a girls' boarding school and a church organizamere mulepaths, which lead to the larger cities tion which meets in the hospital chapel. In the and villages in which missionary work is being capital city is also found the headquarters of the carried on. With very few exceptions the mis- Sudan Interior Mission, a mission which has had sionaries approach their stations by way of Addis an unusual growth since its organization in 1927, Ababa. and which has at present approximately eighty missionaries. This mission has in Addis Ababa Addis Ababa is a city of approximately 100,000 a clinic and a leprasarium housing seventy-five inhabitants and is situated at an altitude of 8,700 lepers, and maintains a bookshop, and reading feet above sea level. The city has electric lights room in the downtown section of the city. Swedish and macadam roads. Here are to be found the organizations in Addis Ababa maintain strong legations of America, England, France, Germany, schools for girls and boys, with approximately 200 Italy, Sweden and other nations. From a mis- pupils, and also have had splendid results evansionary viewpoint Addis Ababa is very important gelistically. The Seventh-Day Adventists have a for here the missionaries representing the various modern hospital of forty beds and maintain a Boards make invaluable contacts and foster the small school. There is also a Roman Catholic friendly spirit and show the mutual helpfulness hospital of 100 beds. toward the Government of Ethiopia so important in the continuance of the work in the distant prov- His Majesty the Emperor HailIle Selassie I has inces. two hospitals with a total bed capacity of about

100 beds, and maintains two schools with a total civilized people more and more into barbarism and enrolment of perhaps 500 pupils. In Addis Ababa anarchy." The Gallas are more negroid than the are the government buildings of thheei-:- Ethiopian Aniharas a.nnd have not as strong and rugged Government and the palace of the Emperor. The' bodies, nor" are they as tall or as proud as the most important churches of. the Chu~chOf Etlii- Amharas. "'

opia are also in Addis Ababa, and here resides the Numerically the Gallas outnumber the Amharas Archbishop of the Church and many'':.dther impor- about twoto one. The Gallas in Ethiopia number tant officials of Church and State. . approximately six million. They do most of the The Amharas are especially numerous about work and own least of the land. The system of Addis Ababa and certain provinces ape principally land tenure is in the main that of. a feudal system, Amharic or of kindred stock. Ruling class people the Gallas being the serf class and having over- are also found in every'village in Ethiopia in lords. Some of the Gallas have a nominal attach- ment to the Christian Church of Ethiopia, some are Mohammedan, but by far the greatest num- beelr' aare heathen. Their worship is animism, wor- ship of the things of nature such as rivers, trees, mountains and hills. Sacrifices are given to these natural objects and evil spirits of rivers and moun- tains and trees and other objects are believed to be hovering about seeking to do harm and must be placated. The witch doctor and the Galla medi- cine man still practice their pernicious rites.

The Gallas today are loyal to the Emperor and are of course real Ethiopians today, having had no other home for four centuries. The greatest part of the present army opposing the invaders will perhaps be Gallas, with Amharas generally in the higher positions. The Gallas are brave peo- ple, fatalistic, poor and ignorant.

AN OLD ETHIOPIAN PRIEST WITH HIS CHARMS Evangelistic Fruit Among the Gallas greater or lesser numbers for they function there It is especially among the Gallas that the preachas government officials, land owners, traveling ing of the Gospel has borne fruit. Many are merchants, and most of the priests of the churches heathen and the message is new and startling and are Amharas. A small church building and a appealing. Their aggressive nature makes them number of priests will be found in every impor- good evangelists when the Gospel grips them. The tant village in Ethiopia. Gallas have their own language, the Galla or Oromo language, while the Amharas have the Am- The Gallas, or subject people, are not real Ethi- haric language. There are, however, also other opians racially. They came into the country four languages and numerous dialects. The Gallas hundred years ago as savage invaders, attempted come in large numbers to mission services, our to conquer the Ethiopians they found there, but church at Sayo in Western Ethiopia frequently in turn were conquered themselves. The Galla having above 400 present and at one time as many invasion of Ethiopia retarded the advance of as 555 present at a Sabbath morning service. Ethiopia enormously. "The invasion of the Galla Within the last five years the church at Sayo has tribes has had the effect of checking national prog- received 128 converts. Other stations show enress to this day, and of throwing back a once- couraging results but exact figures are not avail- able.

It is in the outlying districts of the hinterland especially that the Gallas show their appreciation of the medical work done by missions. At our Sayo station in western Ethiopia, where we have a small hospital of twenty-five beds, 15,000 treat- ments were given last year and approximately 20,000 people heard the Gospel in the hospital and clinic services. The need of the Gallas for evan- gelistic, educational and medical assistance is great, for in many locations the doctor in a sta-

ETHIOPIA AS A MISSION FIELD

tion will be the only medical man in a radius of Swedish Mission station with church, school and five days' journey. Superstition must flee wher- hospital. From the north the armies advancing ever a mission station is established, and round- toward the Lake Tana region are near a small about Sayo the witch doctors at first complained station at Djenda and in time must pass through about the reduced income, since people stopped Dessye, a larger station of the Seventh-Day Adbelieving in them, and then the witch doctors ventist Mission, where a hospital, school and moved to sites more distant from the mission. church are to be found. Addis Ababa is the nat- ural focus of advance for the invading army and How will the war affect missionary endeavor in bombing of this city would result in a distinct Ethiopia? The answer depends, of course, to a shock to the morale of the Ethiopians in general. great extent on the outcome of the war. If Ethi- If the railroad should be taken by the invaders the opia retains her independence there may be a con- missionaries and legation officials will be pracsiderable number of important Ethiopians who tically cut off from the rest of the world. will have learned to distrust all foreigners as having selfish motives in coming to their land. On "God moves in a mysterious way His wonders the other hand, the friendly and cooperative spirit to perform" and surely this is true regarding the shown by missionaries to the Ethiopians in this missionary situation in Ethiopia. It seems myshour of intense testing may win alarge and whole- terious to us that a work as promising and fruitful some respect for Evangelical missions on the part as that in Ethiopia must go through the trial of of the natives. The organization of an Ethiopian fire dropping from heaven on an unprepared na- Red Cross by missionary doctors, the care of the tion feeling its way into the light, and that the war wounded by mission hospitals, the sharing of sword of steel must wreck its havoc' rather than dangers common to missionaries and Ethiopians the "sword -of the Spirit" its blessing. Mysterious alike, may reap a mighty harvest later. as it is, let us trust and believe that His Kingdom can come and His will be done even now in If Ethiopia should fail to remain independent Ethiopia. the future of Protestant missions may not be so bright in Ethiopia. In an adjoining territory, Family health had made necessary our deparonce the property of Ethiopia but now a protec- ture from Ethiopia several months before the war torate of Italy, Protestant missions were slowly had started. It is a time of great testing for the closed out by a government policy of refusing to missionaries also, but in this hour of great need, grant a visa for reentry into the country once the with the unusual opportunities of counselling, missionary had left on furlough. comforting, cheering and alleviating the miseries of the Ethiopians our friends in Ethiopia are to The present war situation is not without its this distressed people "as rivers of water in a dry dangers for missionaries and mission property. place; as the shadow of a great rock in a weary The army from the south is approaching Harrar, land." a city of 30,000 population, in which city is a

Through a Missionary's

-tEf11 By MRS. E. STANLEY JONES, of India 11JBe– "WHICH end of this thing do you talk on all sides by the sick and the suffering who have into?" I asked as a young cousin handed no medical aid; the poverty-stricken who have me a peculiar black instrument. never once known what it means to have their "Why the end with the cord attached," she hunger satisfied.

gasped, her eyes wide with astonishment. We fight against filth, ignorance, superstition I finished my conversation and put the receiver and sin. And somehow, as the years go by, we on the table. She snatched it and laid it in its forget that America has faults and shortcomings.

cradle. We think of America as a land of churches and "I have not used a telephone for nearly nine schools and hospitals; we think of America sing- years," I said apologetically. ing, "Our fathers' God, to Thee"; stamping on "I suppose things here seem very strange and her coins, "In God We Trust"; putting the Eight- marvelous to you now," she remarked. "Of course eenth Amendment into the Constitution; leading telephones are old. But we have progressed a lot in idealism. And then-we come home!

in many ways, haven't we?" We were in America on our last furlough dur- "Ask me that question after I have been here ing the days of prohibition. In ,the eighteen a month," I said. months that we were here, not once had any of She asked it again after three months. us seen a saloon, a glass of liquor or a drunken "Well, what do you think of us now? I suppose man. I am not suggesting that they did not exist.

you are always being astonished." But we could honestly say we had not seen them.

"Yes, I am being astonished," I replied slowly, But we returned this time- "but not with Frigidaires and airplanes and air To find ourselves in a city where we had to go conditioning and radios." hungry because we could discover no place to eat "With what then?" she demanded. where beer was not sold.

"I'm afraid you won't like it . but if you To be confronted by miles of glaring advertise- really want to know. . . ." ments, imploring us to drink, smoke, visit certain I was right. She did not like it. She is still in- roadhouses.

dignant and hurt. But we, too, are hurt. Dis- To find it almost impossible to escape the ever- illusionment is painful. And when the object of lasting cigarette. Many a time in train or bus or that disillusionment is anything as dear as one's waiting room or restaurant, I have said, "Is it own beloved native land the pain goes deep. possible that this is America, the land of the free, We have sometimes wondered about the atti- where I don't even have the privilege of breathing tude of the student who returns to India after pure air!"

study abroad in a so-called "Christian" land. But We were startled to see not only men but women we begin to understand his reactions. Because of and girls smoking, drinking, carousing in saloons our long residence out of the country, whether we and beer gardens.

will or no, I suspect that we see it very much as To hear oaths and vulgar expressions on the the foreigner sees it. lips of high school and college girls of good fam- It is very easy for us over in India to begin to ilies-expressions once limited to the type of folks idealize America. with whom one did not associate.

We live with the caste system. We see sixty We noted the change in vocabulary: Self-ex- millions of outcastes despised and looked down pression, syncretism, freedom, nudity, thrill; not upon by the 2,300 upper castes as are no other often the Fords modesty, decency, duty, responsi- people in all the world. We see the sickly, stunted, biIity, obligation.

pathetic little girl-wives and mothers; the widow We were puzzled to find many churches closed treated as an iII-omen; millions of lovely women on Sunday evening, but cinema doors wide open kept behind closed doors. and crowds pouring in.

We see men, women and children worshiping Often we could discover no mid-week prayer the cow, the cobra, the monkey; bowing down be- meeting, but forums, dramas, scouting, dancing, fore idols of wood and stone. We are surrounded bridge, in church parlors.

[20 ] To find churches being sold for debt; benevolent suppose you are dreadfully shocked with us, aren't budgets cut; Christian work of all kinds being you?" closed because of lack of funds; thousands losing their homes, unable to get work, going on relief; "No," I said, "it would take a good deal to shock but to find that, apparently, America still had a missionary who is as old as I am. But I must abundant money for ball games, motorcars, mov- confess that I am puzzled. I am wondering why ies, cigarettes, and beer. you expect me to be shocked if you consider these things to be perfectly right and proper. And I Coming from a land where if we offer to pay am wondering why the East, as it becomes more 12 cents a day for ten hours of hard labor we will and more what we have always considered 'Chrisbe besieged by ablebodied men begging for the tianized' and 'civilized,' tends to put on more job, it was strange to be in a town where there clothes, becomes more chaste and reserved in lanwere hundreds on relief but to find it impossible guage, drops habits and modes of life that we are to get a man to cut the grass or a woman to do taking up." plain sewing at $2.00 a day. The girl glanced uneasily at her watch. "Oh, We were nauseated over the nastiness of the my gracious!" she exclaimed, "I've got to get my modern literature that we sampled. Latin lesson." No missionary can remain a prude and work in It was disconcerting in our search for a Chris- India. What the Hindu has to say he says. What he has to do he does. There is a simple frankness tian college to discover that in very many inabout the most intimate details of life. But he is stances there was now no difference at all between not vulgar. State colleges and the schools founded with conse- crated money. We were accustomed to hearing a spade called a spade when necessary; we were not accustomed To find professors in those "Christian" schools to deliberate verbal filthiness. giving sly digs at the religion which brought those schools into existence; going out of their legiti- A young boy who entered our school in India mate way to speak sneeringly, disparagingly of brought with him a story book. Presently some the faith of the founders; to find even Christian of the older boys suggested that it was not a men raising questions in the classroom that they proper book for boys to read. I asked to see it. did not answer.

"It's just a translation of an American book," One puzzled college senior who had come to me said the boy defensively. with some of his problems said earnestly: "They don't let us flounder around in language or mathe- "Still, I wish to see it." matics, but when it comes to ,the things that matter He brought it reluctantly. I read it and then most if they know anything themselves they're I called the boys together. Page by page we tore d– careful to give us nothing but a question it up and threw it into the fire, and I said confi- mark." dently, "If this book is a translation of an American book it has been made vile in the translation." I talked one day at a summer conference with a Made vile in the translation! Never again can group of girls, all from "Christian" colleges. One I say that! We have turned in disgust from the said: "Our professors don't take any stock in obscenities of Hindu literature. We are producing Christianity. Why should we?" much in America that is no better. Last year I joined a Book of the Month Club to Another said: "I used to pray and I got a good which a dormitory of girls in a Christian college deal of comfort from it. But af.ter I majored in had subscribed. Over half the books we carried psychology, and began to understand the laws of down to the furnace and burned. No matter how the mind, it seemed so silly to pray." beautiful the container, we do not keep garbage in these lovely modern sanitary homes of ours. Another remarked. "I went to Sunday school Why keep on our tables literature fouled with ex- and church until I went to college. But I didn't pressions more revolting, more adominable than want to be queer and different, so I stopped." the filth that contaminates the cesspool! We are accustomed in India to a frank, un- We have monkeys in India. Day after day I ashamed nakedness of body. We are not accus- have watched them in our gardens, on our roof tomed to a flaunting of that nakedness. tops, by the roadside and even at closer range, A high school girl came to see me soon after I for a misguided son of a missionary manse prearrived. She wore as little as the law allows, and sented us with his pet monkey when the family that is very little indeed in some sections of our moved away. country. She lit a cigarette and talked of sex in the words of a medical book. Finally she said, "I And, somehow, now that I am once more where I can see my own kind in action I am inclined to believe that there may be, after all, something in the Darwin theory. There is a similarity to some- thing that I have known all too well that is very disconcerting!

A monkey shows a surprising tendency to imi- Americans, I frankly admit that at first we could tate-.to follow blindly what someone else is do- not see it.

ing, even to his own detriment. A young monkey I passed a beautiful girl on the street one day, sat on our garage roof eating a guava. I sat on lovely eyes, clear skin, hair like sunshine, but when the housetop eating a banana. I threw away the I first glanced at her, I saw only an ugly mark banana skin and without rhyme or reason he across one cheek.

tossed away his half-eaten guava. I broke a sprig Many of these blemishes on the face of our fair from a climbing vine–he broke a sprig from the land are merely unsightly excrescences-skin dis- babul tree above him. I put the sprig into my eases, as it were, which will pass away of them- mouth and although the babul was as bitter as selves or for which we will find the remedy.

quinine he promptly put his sprig into his mouth. But the foreigner, who seldom sees beyond the In our monkey friends we notice a dependence blemishes, returns disappointed, disillusioned, on mechanical amusements, an absorption in the critical, contemptuous. Is this the land that he trivial, a perpetual restlessness, a startling disre- has looked upon as a model of what he wants his gard for the proprieties of life, a heedlessness of own land to become? Is this what Christianity brings a country to? What can a foreigner think consequences, an unstable affectional nature. who must base his knowledge of America on what And somehow my mind goes back to our Indian he hears on our streets, sees in our dance halls garden when I meet those whose only sources of and on our beaches, reads in our modern magaamusements are movies, cards, dancing and wild zines and books? motor rides; when I hear of divorces secured on the most trivial grounds; when I hear complaints A Hindu student was studying in a university of boredom at the very thought of a quiet evening. in Ohio. A young woman rather thoughtlessly said to him – "Now that you're in a Christian When I listen to remarks like these: country, what do you think of Christianity?"

"I know I shouldn't drink, but everyone does." With the inate politeness of the Hindu he began "My mother hates my smoking but even Miss to apologize. "I'm very sorry. I have been so K. smokes." busy with my studies that I have had little time "I suppose sixty miles an hour isn't very safe for anything else. I'm very sorry to say that I but j.t does give one a thrill." haven't been able to see anything of Christianity "Why shouldn't I paint my lips on the street yet." car. Folks needn't look at me if they don't like it." There were other things- A young Chinese student, a Christian, entered The price of a night's sleep and breakfast on a one of our large International Houses. The first train. America, America, no other land so dear! morning at breakfast he bowed his head and silently said grace. Those at the table snickered The high standard of material comfort. We and a young American girl said to him, "Oh, you knew why a visitor from India exclaimed, "If I mustn't do that in America!" am seeing America in a depression, what must it be like in a period of prosperity?" Mr. Natarajan, brilliant editor of the Indian Social Reformer of Bombay, visited the World'~ Fresh from the preciseness and the conserva- Fair in Chicago. Since his return to India, his tism of ,the English press we were sharply aware paper shows that he has become a very enemy of of the untidiness of our national speech; of our Christianity.

prodigal use of superlatives; of the inaccuracy of If he saw what I saw, heard what I heard, when reporters; of the impudent, conscience-less false- inadvertently I found myself about midnight in hoods of the advertisements. And why, oh why, that section of the World's Fair called "The were we so interested in the nauseous details of Streets of Paris," I do not wonder. Mrs. A.'s divorce, the insipid love letters of Mr. A barker spotting my shocked face shouted, "If B., the kind of cigarette used by Mrs. C., the color you can't stand what's going on here, you'd better of the underwear of Mrs. D.! get out. This is no Hall of Religion."

We were aghast over the grotesque, artificial But I saw there young boys and girls of our own appearance of the girls; the freedom of the sexes; land. Young students from India and China and the studied frankness, often vulgarness, of their Japan and. I stayed.

speech; the queer songs and sounds that came "Surely," I said to the friend who was with me, over the radio. The first time we heard crooning "a married woman of mature years may hear and we decided that the singer had been taken ill but see what these young people are hearing and seewas bravely keeping his appointment. ing." But I found myself saying over and over, Being Americans we knew, of course, that there "Oh God! Oh God! What are these Eastern was very much that was fine and splendid and students going to say of us when they get back Christian in America. But although we were home!"

AMERICA THROUGH A MISSIONARY'S EYES

I have just read what one of them said. He like the other commandments it is violated at wrote: "The West is incredibly immoral. There is no such thing as a chaste woman." times, the prohibition ll:!-w is as effective as other .When we first went out to India a good many laws. . . . It is unthinkable that America will years ago, America was more or less idealized by the East. From America came the Bible, tracts, ever go back to the days of booze drinking." books, educative, elevating, inspiring. From America came money for schools and hospitals; And he concludes: "If we Indians are not blind food in time of famine. to our present and future welfare should we not America was the symbol of a people free, educated, sympathetic, generous – a Paradise for take a tip from the American policy of prohibiwomen and for the poor and downtrodden. Young India today has no such delusions. I said some- tion? Let us free our nation from alcohol." thing one day to a Hindu barrister about this change in attitude. He said: "Forgive me. But I wonder what India is saying of us now. Perdo you wish to know the truth ? We. feel that in a moral sense America has failed us. She has let haps Mr. Natarajan expressed it when he reus down." marked to a friend in Chicago, "We can never I picked up a book the other day written by Dr. Suhindra Bose, a Hindu, who has spent many forgive America." . years in America. The book was written for India about America while the 18th Amendment was There are reasons why the Hindu, though he still a law. may desire our Christ, wants nothing to do with He writes, "Thou shalt not drink is the Eleventh Commandment for the United States. Although what he considers our "Christian" civilization.

A Hindu judge was calling one day. In the course of our conversation he said, "Christian America, as you say. . . . "

"Oh, no," I hastily interrupted, suspicious of what might follow, "I never said 'Christian Amer- ica.' "

He smiled, "What shall I say then? Heathen America ?"

Heathen America? Oh certainly not! Chris- tian America? Dare we say it?

America Through a Missionary's Eyes Another View by Dr. Frank C. Laubach of the Philippines SOME of us who have returned to America Men's organizations of all kinds seem equally recently after an absence of from five to ready to meet need. Kiwanis and Lion's clubs, seven years sense some changes for the farmer's meetings, men's church dinners gave better. This is a pleasant surprise. We had suf- very much the same sort of response: surprise fered from a tragic decline in benevolences for that conditions are like this on the other side of foreign enterprises, and had expected to find this the world, and surprise that missions are inter- accompanied by a corresponding decline in spir- ested in illiteracy, hunger, disease, and fear.

ituality. We thought that interest in religion must "This is something so big and so important that have dropped off fifty per cent, since gifts for men ought to do it. What can we do?" One foreign missions had gone down one half. Dur- county judge said: "I have had no use for mis- ing previous furloughs we had experienced a sions. I thought it was the sob stuff we often hear guilty feeling of having overpraised America in about. If mission work is really tackling the great foreign lands. This time we think that perhaps world problems then I am for it." This seems we have underestimated our America. to summarize fairly well the reaction of fifty The first surprise did not come in churches. It men's meetings visited last Fall.

met us in a Rotary club two weeks after our ar- Church audiences, it must be confessed, did not rival. These Rotarians heard that over half the seem to be so uniformly responsive. Some of the world is still illiterate, and therefore suffering churches appear to be frozen; one felt that they from disease, hunger and fear. "We didn't know expected a pious entertainment for a half hour, that!" they said. "Let us do something about it that those who attended sought serenity, sweetness at once." So they formulated resolutions that and light, but no heat; the assurance that "God's filled a column of the newspaper and forwarded to in his heaven; all's right with the world." A mis- the International Rotary Committee in Chicago a sionary with his pictures of sin, ignorance, suf- proposal to make World Literacy a major project fering, and ugliness is a jangling discord in for their organization. A half dozen other rotary churches which usually hear only heavenly music clubs immediately did the same. . apd soothing reassuring cadences from a soft

voiced preacher. Such churches are perfect Bud- only in brutal frankness, disgusted with sham, but dhists with the word "Christian" tacked on the wonderful if you meet their real life questions outside by mistake. honestly. The only thing they seem to lack is a gripping cause that sets their hearts on fire. This But very many of the churches were neither is just what the cause of Christ can give them. cold nor soft. The farther west we went the warmer and stronger religion became. Chicago What these young people seem to need as was our farthest west visit. It was also the most much as piety is a better course in geography. aggressively religious-to our great astonishment. Robert E. Speer and his generation used to tell us The city of murders, corrupt politics, unpaid taxes that we should go to the foreign field unless we and unpaid teachers, did not live down to its repu- could prove that God wanted us to stay here. I tation. We were shown the former rendezvous of do not think that argument will convince youth Al Capone, and, still glancing furtively backward today. But one can say pretty nearly the same for possible pursuing gunmen, we were ushered thing in a way that will grip them mightily. into a Sunday school throbbing with wholesome, healthy, eager children, all of them ready to write "You are about to step forth to rule the world. letters to any and every Filipino, send boxes of You have perhaps forty years of strong active life Christmas presents or trunk loads of books, to ahead of you and this planet under you. Do not convert or educate half the world – anything decide where you will give this, the only life you progressive-and they wanted to get it all done have, without knowing all the facts. Study the by the following Sunday at the latest! Everyone whole world and then decide where you can do the of twenty-five meetings in Chicago vibrated with most good. If you decide upon a narrow basis in that same spirit of "Let's do it, and let's be at it ten years you may regret your decision. at once!" Twice I was introduced to audiences of business men by Professor Arthur Compton, A rather young man in Chicago asked for a without knowing it! America's leading scientists private interview. He started by saying that he can be chairmen of missionary meetings-in Chi- had lost every cent he owned during the deprescago at least. sion and now had less than nothing. I was about to offer my sympathy, but he said: In Michigan we were entertained in homes where they read the Bible around the table, two "N0, I don't need your sympathy. It was gloverses for each reader, sang hymns and knelt de- rious, the most glorious deliverance of my whole voutly to pray – they were not minister's homes life. It drove me to God and to real happiness. either. In Ohio, we found a man of large means Life has been simply glorious ever since." who would not spend over fifty cents for any meal, so long as other people in America were unable His radiant face told the same story. Has finanto spend that much. He and his church were cial depression driven so many people back to making a sound, successful experiment with con- God that they are toning up the entire country to sumer's cooperatives in Columbus. a greater or lesser degree? Many a man who has been serving God and mammon now has more time There is a very marked upturn in the sense of for God because he has no mammon to serve. For responsibility for unfortunate people. Whatever such men the depression can be a "glorious delivpeople may think of the present New Deal, there erance," the kind of deliverance Jesus sought for is an increasing conviction that poor people must the rich young ruler. never again have the unfair deal we once gave them. Consciences never before seemed so tender There.is one more step that America ought now for the unfortunate, the poor, the aged, and for to take. She is pretty emphatic in saying that she children. will not fight anybody or oppress anybody. Let her add one more resolve to that, and she will be There is also a very great increase in interest in nobly Christian: "America does not wish to fight world affairs. The minds of men are being or crush anybody, America desires to serve hustretched across both oceans. Every continent is manity!" America is ready, I think, for that now first page news. Ethiopia, China, Brazil and slogan if the foreign mission leaders can show France take precedence in many newspapers over her just how she may make it effective. Here is the latest murder – which is indeed a sign of a summons to the greatest statesmanship of our progress. greatest Christian statesmen. How can we out- line and formulate the world program so that it But it is youth that have given us our greatest will grip men and women, not only in churches surprise. Before we returned to America we but also in clubs, and schools? How can we bring heard shocking stories, and expected to confront our youth to say: bleary-eyed debauchees. Where are these terrible youth? We face in high schools just healthy, "I love my country so much that I want her to lovable young boys and girls; they seem terrible become a blessing to all the world."

Certainly God desires nothing less than that. How then can we, as Christians, work for less!

a Missionary–Minded

By the REV. J. ENOS WINDSOR, Cincinnati, Ohio Pastor of the Columbia M. E. Church N OW that I look squarely at the title, I am ing. Why? The early disciples won for one rea- almost afraid to proceed. The mere sug- son: they had the passion of their divine Leader gestion seems that of a project greater than with a purpose. The same prescription will win I can lay claim to. Two things cause me to hesi- today. The Church of Christ can only find hertate. There are so many who have both builded self and her task, and once again have the respect and suggested ideas and programs better than 1. of a needy world, when wandering steps have been This is problem enough to be sure. Yet even retraced and some things forgotten are relearned. greater is the inconsistent title. Could we honestly This prescription has worked in my own life and have a Christian Church, in the true sense, which has worked not only in my present church but in is not missionary-minded? If we are Christian, every church I have pastored. should we not be Christlike? And if Christlike, must not our hearts burn to preach Him wherever Success in any line is largely a matter of leader- He has not been named? ship. I was reared in the church and within the sacred walls of a Christian home. Both parents Let us ask some other questions. Can the knew Jesus Christ as their personal Saviour and Church be missionary abroad and not missionary were not afraid to let it be known. In our family at home? Can we succeed in Samaria and fail to of four girls and three boys, none were exempted do justice to Jerusalem? Is the church divided as from church school and church service on Sunday. to its community and its commission? Can there We were thrown constantly in contact with the ever be any other program for the Church of church programs and personalities. At twenty- Jesus Christ than the one which He gave us when one I left home to go to the university and sem- He said: "Ye shall receive power after the Holy inary. I may frankly say that I went to the latter Ghost is come upon you and ye shall be witnesses because it seemed to me rather a fine thing at unto me both in Jerusalem and in all Judea and least to prepare for the ministry. I left both inin Samaria and unto the uttermost part of the stitutions later almost an atheist, or at least an earth." (Acts 1: 8.) Only the foolish or uncon- infidel, because I saw the inconsistency between cerned are unaware that the Church as a whole is theory and practice. In most cases I saw that not fulfilling its task. With few exceptions there the ministry was a profession rather than a pasis retrenchment and retreat at a time of great sion. As a result I practically turned from both need and greater opportunity, instead of reveille church and preacher in disgust. A few years and recovery. Instead of seeking to save the lost later, while engaged in the manufacturing busiwe are seeking to save our faces, and our very ness in a large city, I found Jesus Christ in perchurches at home. I may be criticized for this sonal, joyous experience as my Saviour from sin statement, and called a pessimist, but I can only and my Captain in life's program. I then realsay I prefer to have my eyes open rather than be ized, what I never had known as a nominal Church like the ostrich with his head in the sand. member, that each individual has a need and that this poor old sinful, sorrowing, sobbing world has Our problem today is the same which eleven a need and that both of those needs are not for men faced on Mount Olivet nineteen hundred better philosophies, psychologies, programs, and years ago. They saw only as far as the forbid- material things, but the one great need is Christ. ding hills of Judea; we have been commissioned I began to serve Him first as a layman in a harto look up and see the uttermost parts of the earth. vesting of souls, but soon came the distinct com- They were poorly equipped and organized from an mission "Go, preach the Gospel." There were earthly standpoint; we have wonderful material problems, not the least of which was my own busiequipment and human organization. They were ness with a good income. But from that moment poor in this world's goods, we are rich. They I experienced a passion for men's souls, greater walked to carryon their work, we ride swiftly by than any desire for earthly things. God's leading land, sea, or air. But they won where we lose. that at that time seemed to be that I should con- Why? Today some Christian movements and tact the Christian and Missionary Alliance movesome churches are succeeding, but many are fail- [25 ]

ment and should partake in some measure of the upon me in the day of trouble and I will answer."

experience and passion of its sainted founder. In My first text to that little discouraged congrega- that contact I realized my further need of the ex- tion was the message: "I seek not yours but you."

perience of receiving the Holy Spirit, as the eleven I meant it when I told my people that I was not apostles received Him. Two things came from interested in their money but in their souls. I this experience of being filled with the Spirit: showed that little congregation that God, our Fa- (1) the passion for souls and the vivid vision of ther, Jesus Christ His Son and the Holy Spirit a lost world; (2) I was conscious that the Holy had an interest in men rather than in money.

Spirit gave the power to carry that message wher- One of the besetting sins of the ministry is the ever God might lead. preaching "for filthy lucre's sake" and that ap- Some Practical Results proach incidentally has driven many a soul away from the church. To our shame be it said that Does it work? I shall speak only of my present some churches and pastors seek to obtain as much church. Picture, five years ago, a medium sized as they can from the flock instead of showing how frame church of rather nondescript architecture; much of Christ and blessing they can bring to a hopelessly out of date even when it was con- community.

structed forty-four years ago; situated in the East My one aim was to preach Christ-a living, lov- End of Cincinnati, on a business thoroughfare. ing, saving, interested Christ; One who came On the south within three squares is the Ohio from Heaven to lay down His blessed life on the River; on the east six squareS away. is the air- cross of Calvary that men might live and experi- port; and on the north two squares away is Alms ence life more abundantly. We preach a Christ Park. Parks and rivers and airports are tre- who has a program wonderful enough to challenge mendously unproductive things in building either not only preachers but doctors, lawyers, teachers.

a church or a missionary program. To the west business men, kings and emperors, or what have lies the great city with its many churches and you. Real religion is not a mere form, not sub- movements. In our narrow neck of land are four scribing to a creed, not membership in a church, other churches, one of which is of my own denom- not just a moral life; but the Christian religion ination, to shepherd a small number of people of is a love affair with God as our Father and with the respectable working class, with the usual pro- Jesus Christ, His Son, the "lover of our souls."

portion of professionals, clerks and business men. Our people began to see that they must be "born We have no wealthy people and the years 1929- from above," saved and cleansed; then they could 1934 hit us hard. be empowered – made new creatures in Christ Now another picture: this time a struggling Jesus. Many prominent preachers have openly little congregation of about twenty-five active stated that in our day this sort of preaching is out members and sixty-one communicants; finances of date and ineffective. Let us have done with almost at a standstill; members pulling out to go such foolishness. Jesus Christ called and or- elsewhere; building in a tragically bad state of dained us to preach what He told us-not to pro- repair. Naturally the people were utterly discour- claim our own opinions or the products of imagina- aged. The only services held in this church were tions. "Ye bear witness of me," said He. That church school followed by church service each little flock in Cincinnati began to believe that if Sunday morning. Missionary offerings totaled they would fall in love with Jesus, take Him into only $105 a year. Worse than this there was no their lives and surrender themselves to Him, all mIssIOnary VISlon. There was no sign of life other needful things would be added unto them.

either within the church or in its outside interests. Then He could have their money, time, talents, Plans were under way to give the church prop- interests, or anything they might have, and He erty to the Y. M. C. A., which had already received would supply all their need.

the neighboring church property of another de- The important question is-does it work? What nomination, once prosperous. has happened?

A discouraging picture,· you say. Very! No The first noticeable result was an increased in- one who has not had such an experience can feel terest in all departments an.d work of the church.

the heartache which this sort of situation brings. Attendance in church school increased one .hun- It makes one more sympathetic toward men who dred per cent and in Sunday morning worship one have preceded us, Gideon for instance, who wept thousand per cent. Sunday evening services of because God's cause languished in the land. But, an informal evangelistic type, began four years thank God, there is a better and brighter picture. ago and now the average attendance is close t9 How could the. discouraging situation be four hundred. The. old parsonage, next door. to changed? No man is sufficient for such a task; the church, has been taken as an annex for the and all the glory must go to Him who said "call enlarged program, and a better parsonage was

TO PASTORS-"BEGINNING AT JERUSALEM" 2'1

secured on a fine residential street. The schedule, But the best part of the whole story, like the which at one time consisted only of the church good wine at Cana of Galilee, is left to the last. school and Sunday morning service, now includes All of this has been accomplished without special two regular Bible studies, class meeting, teacher's pleas or financial canvasses. Money is seldom training class, personal worker's class, and other mentioned in our church. I refuse to preach about activities. One noticeable feature is the number it. This whole program is a spontaneous response of young people in all the activities and services- from our people, who bring not only the tithe but another body blow to those who say young people the free-will offerings also to God's storehouse bewill not accept the Gospel. cause they nave come to appreciate God's unspeak- able gift – His only-begotten Son. "Love never And now what about the missionary attitude faileth" and having found Him and fallen in love and missionary gifts of the church? Here are the with Him they have His passion that others who figures for the years 1930-1934 inclusive-$105.00, sit in gross darkness in regions beyond may come $463.00, $657.00, $1,006.00, $2,082.00, and pledges to know and love Him. This does not seem to for 1935 already amount to $2,750. These figures them a strange thing but the natural thing to do. represent only the actual gifts to missionary work We look "unto Him who is able to do exceedingly in home and foreign lands. They do not include abundantly above all that we can ask or think." the large amounts expended on relief and social He abideth faithful. God has promised and will service work in our own community. The pastor's perform: "Them that honor me I will honor." salary has also been increased fifty per cent and Yes, the proclamation of the Gospel of Christ and several thousands of dollars have been expended a passion to make Him known to others is a proin repairs and improvements on the church prop- gram that succeeds in building a missionaryerty. Plans are under way for further extensive minded Church even in depression years. changes.

To Pastors-"Beginning at Jerusalem"

I II~- -o!§{ By WILLIAM A. RICH, Lawrence, Massachusetts A YOUNG friend of mine, who as a grammar were appreciative and responsive, and my joy was school boy, graduated while he was actually heightened greatly by their own simple profession two years behind in his requirements. A of faith in Christ, after their youngsters had at- friendly principal "saw to it" that he "got by." tended a few weeks, and had brought home mes- He has taken physics and chemistry in an evening sages from their consecrated teachers.

school, without the necessary foundation or be- Seeing a greater field wherein I might serve sev- ginnings, and has had to abruptly abandon his eral churches, as well as the groups to whom the further education. He intended to become a me- Gospel was made available, I made my plan known chanical engineer. Chances are he will be only a to several pastors. One at once grasped the idea laborer. and asked his Young People's Society to choose a Is there not a spiritual parallel which most so- young man to help distribute Christian literatur~ called religious educational programs fail to recog- on Sunday afternoons. This youth, in his second nize? How can a dead person receive instruction year of high school, was a stranger to me, but w~ or training? In religious education, to have value came quickly to understand each other and for al- of abiding and fruit-bearing qualities, a new birth most a year and a half we went once a month to must be experienced before one is prepared to re- the homes and institutions, confessing our faith ceive even the best seed. in Christ, handing out suitable literature and not In 1921, I began at my "Jerusalem""":':"which is forgetting children's needs for good stories. This my home city-by simple personal efforts to reacll youth made a full surrender, dedicating his life to several language groups living near my church, the Christian ministry and is now preparing for whose children were spiritually neglected. In his chosen calling. , about three weeks with the help of a cooperative Another pastor found a promising young mart teacher, I had the pleasure of seeing thirty-five who occupied a responsible position and seemed children enroll as regular attendants. Parents settled for his life's ambitions. After some1llOnths

cooperating with me, God spoke. He gave up his sensible, sober-thinking youth whose aspirations fine prospects in commercial life and is now in are heavenward, who in the depths of their hearts college preparing for the Gospel ministry. desire honestly to take their part in building the Two more have indicated their desire, as soon Kingdom whose values are not measured in terms as finances permit, to go to school with the view of worldly pleasure.

of engaging in Christian life work. Religious edu- In his young manhood the great evangelist, cation that omits personal evangelism in practice Dwight L. Moody, was a stranger in a city "at Jerusalem"-where we live-is a .poor substi- church. After becoming a regular attendant he tute for the Holy Spirit's enduement. Most decided to hire a whole pew and make an effort to churches have no aspirants among their youth for fill every seat in the pew. He succeeded and sev- Christian service higher than money-raising ef- eral of his guests became regular in their attend- forts. The secularization of youth's church ac- ance. A committee, yes, or an individual, with- tivities is nothing less than an abomination in out appointment by any society, can successfully many places. We would express horror if a par- undertake a similar venture almost anywhere.

ent insisted upon the amputation of a child's arm Initiative is not given to all young or old but where because of flabby muscles when the physician says spirit is low, let pastor or church officer suggest that all the child needs is proper nourishment and a move of such nature, even if team work and exercise. If the pastor or church would promote competition of teams may be involved.

missions, let not "Jerusalem" – the home field A class in personal evangelism conducted weekly where we live-be overlooked. As a self-appointed at the parsonage or in homes of some of the mem- recruiting committee, I decided to use my ordinary bers may teach how to win souls by putting into opportunities to bring one family a week into con- practice what they learn from the lives of eminent tact with my church. In six weeks five families soul-winners. But here, as in other lines, we shall responded. These all lived in the district where I have to use our own, not another's, talents as lived, and where my church was located. God's spirit shall inspire and direct. If your Since my voluntary activities from the early church would produce a group of soul-winners, its days of my Christian experience have put me youth must have more secure foundations.

under further obligation, because of the joys I There are wonderful opportunities for Gospel must share or lose, I must in all earnestness ap- tract distribution. One inexpensive slip of print peal to pastors and church officers to raise the was used for the salvation of an Italian acquaint- standard of service which you are calling upon ance in my home city. He then sent the message youth to render. No organization can do more for to his brother in the homeland, and later recited youth than the church. In many places young with great joy the message from the absent people see nothing in the challenge which the brother whose heart was warmed when he yielded Church offers. The Church caters too much to to the same Christ. Tracts in many languages the whims and fancies and thrills Which unregen- will be sent for postage if desired languages are erate youth are ambitious to grasp. This insults specified.

SOME PECULIARITIES OF SOUTH AMERICA Winter comes in at the time of the North American summer and autumn comes in April and May. The north wind is hot and the south wind is cold.

In many cities hovels crowd on palaces, and costly motor cars jostle donkeys and choke narrow streets.

Natives speak their own language with a foreign accent, and people and plants seem like strange transplanted things that have taken on queer forms in the new soil. Blue eyes are set in swarthy faces, fat, fair features flash brilliant tropic smiles; shining black orbs peer out of rosy fair complexions.

Exiled oak trees in Argentina and Chile, in despair at the topsy-turvy seasons, put out buds on one side while on the other their leaves turn brown and shudder in an antarctic gale.

Straw hats are often worn with thick fur coats; houses may be floored with marble, while streets are paved with wood. .

The mixture of races has practically obliterated the color line.

Indian or African blood do not stand in the way of intermarriage or of social and polit- ical ambitions.

of the Gospel in Latin

By BISHOP GEORGE A. MILLER, Balboa Methodist Episcopal Church C HRISTIAN missions in most Latin Amer- a once-a-month visit from a native pastor. This ican countries are entering upon a new seems commonplace enough. But wait! The epoch of great significance. The early days rough dances have ceased. Dishonesty has greatof missionary occupation are finished. In places ly abated, and any member of the church who where there were a dozen or two of missionaries secretly has one wife too many is condemned. A one or two or five now remain. The fruits of our new moral standard of decency has been set up planting and planning and praying are now vis- for the whole region. That country district can ible, trained natives are in practically all admin- never be the same again, but you cannot tell istrative positions, and are doing well. things like that in statistics.

Twenty years ago the idea still prevailed among There is a mission farm of nearly 4,000 acres, missionary secretaries that "The educational ap- where an agricultural school, an experimental sta- proach is most effective in Latin America." Ev- tion, a varied farm production, a series of primary angelical schools have done well, though too often schools, a good church, four Sunday schools, a they have tended chiefly toward good educational night school, a Men's Club and Women's Society, output with a high moral content and "good Eng- a social hall and organized athletic program min- lish," that open sesame everywhere. Today the ister to the 300 resident working people of the work of the organized churches, with emphasis farm and five hundred more in the district. One on effective religious education, is increasingly can get a few statistics out of this case, such as influential and these churches are coming to larg- the marriage one Sunday of 19 couples when most er measure of self-support and missionary activ- of them brought their big children as witnesses.

ity. Children are growing up and they are giving We can record the conversion of more than half a good account of themselves. of the people on the farm, the setting of new Latin American missions have always been at standards in athletic sports for the young men a disadvantage in comparison with other fields and women, the preparation of expert agricultural where the peoples are in strong contrasts with the leaders in the technical secondary school, the pro- homeland in dress, customs, religion and manner duction of new and better crops, and leadership of life. Most South Americans dress and live as in neighborhood improvement enterprises. And we do and many possess a culture and charm that so the list might grow, including sanitation and put some of us to shame. the improved housing of the people under more The results of missions in Latin America have decent living conditions.

not usually offered first page publicity material There are plenty of spectacular instances that because of the normality of what is being done. make capital stories. I know of three men, sepa- The more spectacular a story, the sooner it must rated by at least 1,500 miles, in three directions be marketed and consumed before it becomes who have each gone out without support of any stale. The permanent, climate-changing work of kind and have won converts and founded churches the evangelical movement, both in Christian edu- as apostolically as anything described in the Acts.

cation and in evangelism, do not show in any form But these are not the most significant things that of statistics yet invented. I know a neighborhood are happening. All over these lands a new moral in a lovely valley, where ten years ago no mis- tone is evident. The Roman Church is improving sionary had ever been. Concubinage was general its methods and slowly cleaning up its morals.

and respectable. Neighborhood dances were New standards of domestic decency, commercial drunken orgies. Dishonesty was prevalent. Then morality, educational open-mindedness and indus- one man came into possession of a Bible. He read trial justice are being established by the steady it through, gathered up a little money and made a and unspectaCUlar release of spiritual life and the week's journey to get more light. Then he re- unanswerable evidence of changed men and wom- turned to do what he could for his family and en who were once morally blind but now see. Re- neighbors. Work thus begun has gone on there newed life carries its own credentials, becomes until now there is a small home-built chapel, and self-extending and registers in remote regions [29 ]

where no records are kept and publicity stories Evangelical missions have also had a vast influare not published. ence in promoting better understanding between the Americans of the North and South. No other The investment by the churches of North interpreter has so sympathetically understood the America of men and money in Latin America has best in each nor so helpfully worked toward the been small in comparison with that sent to other elimination of race prejudice and that antipathy lands, but the returns have been out of all pro- that grows out of ignorance. We need missionary portion to the life and dollars used in the work. specialists, not merely in education, leadership What might have been accomplished had a really training and other technical activities, but also adequate staff of workers and support been sup- in the promotion of good will among men. We plied to, these American republics, where the same need a few well-equipped schools for the training tides of new-world life flow as those that wash of national leaders, and those schools must be our own social shores! thoroughly and unblushingly Christian. We need especially the continued help of Christians in One of the most transforming results of evan- North America in the confident faith that if reagelical missions is the widespread movement sonable missionary help can be continued for a few among the women. In nearly all denominations, years more, these vigorous young churches will the women have been organized, under one name stand on their own feet, and as one of their leador another, into what usually comes to a combina- ers has said, will "take our share in the evantion of Ladies' Aid Society, Women's Study Club gelizing of the rest of the world, alongside of our and Missionary Society. The results have trans- brothers in North America." formed most of the churches and the lives of thousands of women have been uplifted.

Social and Religious Problems in Chile I -e{ 'By PEDRO ZOTTELE, Santiago, Chile I)ie- SOUTH AMERICA is again becoming a battle- that the sword has not been efficient in solving field. Each country is shaken by strong the pending problems. Other methods must be waves of restlessness – extreme nationalism sought. Will these countries look for peaceful and agitation for social-economic welfare. The methods or will they again resort to violence? governments are facing grave problems. As a general rule, their administrative programs do not The world-wide economic depression has been recognize the confused but genuine aspirations of disastrous for most of these countries. They are the masses. Their programs reflect only the in- suffering from a depreciated currency; salaries terests of the classes which have dominated the have not been increased in spite of the fact that organized national life for nearly a century. prices have gone up; the cost of food and the housing are the nightmare of the masses desirous Armed revolutions have taken place in most of of economic progress. Pauperism is worse in the countries in South America to establish the those countries most highly industrialized, where rights of those deprived of earthly benefits. production has been according to the old concep- "What interests us in these commotions," says tions of economy, and where over-production, the review America (published in Quito), "is not under-consumption and unfavorable exportations what general may have been executed by the have created the unavoidable problem of unemorders of some other general, but what is the des- ployment. tiny of the cane-cutter in Cuba, the coffee-planter in Brazil, the peon on the Argentine'stock farm, Poverty has been a means of increasing sickthe miner in Peru, the grape-cultivator in Chile; nesses due to under-nutrition, lack of hygiene and in a word, what interests us is the destiny of the poor housing. Plague, in Chile, in the last two proletariat." years, has caused the death of over eight thou- sand persons, while tuberculosis has attacked al- But, after ten years, most of the countries which ready over two hundred thousand persons, givexperienced such commotions are in the same ing this country the world's record! condition as before, or even worse. There is still political corruption, economic suffering and very It is true that most of the countries in South marked social divisions. It has been discovered America have written in their constitutions that education is the primary responsibility of the

SOCIAL AND RELIGIOUS PROBLEMS IN CHILE

State. Nevertheless, there is a very slow prog- 400 years has not been beneficial to the oppressed ress in the eradication of ignorance, because the peoples. It has been presented as an ecclesiastical, budgets for education receive secondary atten- ritualistic and legalistic system. It has always tion. The first place is always accorded to the supported the status quo. It has fed the people military defense of the nation and the adminis- with "other-worldly" aspirations only and has trative budget. Teachers are poorly paid and made it emphatic that religion is very essential they become enemies of the educational authori- for dying well. For the poor, it has this, renunties and of the State which treats them unfavor- ciation; for the well-to-do, indifference. The· ably. The wave of discontentment against the dominant church (Roman Catholic) has been government is thus being fostered by teachers silent when the poor and oppressed have adand students. Child labor is abolished in letter dressed her for help. They have found her albut not in actual practice; economic ills have ways ·on the side of the dominant powers and conobliged thousands of students to go to work so stantly in opposition to their most cherished that culture has been clipped. The problem of the ideals. campesino, or the worker in the agricultural sections, is desperate. The inquilinos are real slaves When, in the Congress of one South American of the farm owners. They receive no instruction; country, legislation was proposed making primary their houses are very primitive, and poorly venti- education obligatory the representatives of the lated. In Chile, an agricultural country, where Roman Catholic political party fought against it. about one million people depend directly on the One of them declared in Congress: "We are land, many workers receive a daily wage of only against this law, because we are against rebellion. ten cents gold, plus a plate of beans and a hard Education of the peon simply means that we would piece of bread. be contributing to the rebellion of the workers." The Catholic Church remained silent! Alcoholism exerts one of the most pernicious influences in these republics. Created interests The same can be said regarding the fight against have always ignored the aims and demands con- liquor. The forces of the dominant church have nected with the salvation of the race. The river been against control of this deadly foe of human of alcohol has been given free license; public bars lives. In some countries the producers of the are popular; the fact that the 18th Amendment strongest wines are members of that church. was defeated in the United States has made it difficult to impress public opinion in favor of es- The present energetic battle for a more social tablishing dry zones. In Chile, a few years ago, order find that church in open opposition to the there was a very strong movement in favor of masses which compose the majority of the popsuch zones but the Minister of Finance fought it ulation. The laboring classes see in the Church on the ground that the country needed the revenue the symbol of opposition to all which involves sofrom the alcoholic traffic. He secured a wider cial and economic welfare. After years of struglicense for liquor and declared officially that beer gle the labor leaders and their followers have deis not alcoholic. Officially, beer contains no al- cided that the liberation from their shackles lies cohol, but the people get drunk on it. Strong in their own hands. drink is very productive of venereal diseases and in Chile medical statistics report nearly a million The Evangelical Church has been helping forpeople suffering from these diseases. ward every reform tending to the welfare of the people. This has been more true in recent years Communism has entered South Amer:ica as a when the Evangelical movement has sought to "new gospel." It promises a time when all eco- solve the urgent problems of the hour. There renomic, social and educational ills will disappear mains a great deal to be done and the grave quesand so has attracted the attention of the masses tion is this: How far will the Evangelical Church who are neglected by the established governments. cooperate in endeavoring to transform the pres- Communism has won many sections by the affir- ent structure of society? mation that in curing the economic ills all the others will be cured. Communism offers salva- The interpretation of the principles of Christ tion here and now with the result that the masses must be applied to the.social as well as to the inof the underfed, u n e m plo ye d and sickness- dividual life. The more youthful Evangelical stricken, exhausted by prolonged suffering, em- preachers and lay leaders consider that the Gosbrace the new social and economic movements. It pel of Jesus Christ contains the happy solution seems that their whole attention is set upon ma- for all the critical social, economic, national and terial interests. spiritual problems which the countries of South America are facing. It must be remembered that the prevailing type of religion preached on this continent for nearly With that faith in the heart, the Gospel of Christ is being introduced into the heart of the great masses which have wandered as sheep without a shepherd.

Evangelization of

By PROF. JOHN C. GRANBERY -t&f Formerly of Brazil,. Now Professor in Southwestern University, . – Georgetown, Texas N o SUBJECT is discussed in Protestant Bahia until 1881. Now Baptists have 427 churches circles in Brazil as much as evangelization. with 34,358 members, every State being occupied.

The Bishop of the Methodist Church in The Protestant Episcopal Church which began Brazil, the first Brazilian Bishop ever elected by work in 1890 now has 32 churches, all in the south any Protestant Church, Cesar Dacorso Filho, except one in the Amazon Valley, with 3,430 hastened to give evangelism the first place on his members.

program. Sermons, addresses, and articles in the The Salvation Army entered Brazil in 1922. religious papers declare that evangelization is the The Assemblies of God, largely under Swedish Church's first and most important duty. And yet missionaries, are represented especially in northhow seldom the subject is comprehensively ern Brazil. The Seventh-Day Adventists are in treated! Often there are generalizations and the center and the southern part of the country. platitudes, or some one aspect only of the subject Anglican and German churches are not strictly is considered. missionary agencies working among Brazilians in This phase of mission work is given its rightful Portuguese. place in "The Republic of Brazil: A Survey of A map giving the distribution of Evangelical the Religious Situation," by Erasmo Braga and churches in 1930 indicates that every State is rep- Kenneth G. Grubb, published by the World Do- resented, centers of population being followed.

minion Press in 1932. There are included very There are 1,358 churches with 135,390 members. valuable maps and carefully compiled statistics. Anglican, German Evangelical, Lutheran, and Any study of the subject must be made with a Oriental communions are not included in these knowledge of the history of Protestant missions figures. Including the Independent Presbyterians, and with a map of Brazil. who have never had financial dependence upon a It is nearly one hundred years since Protestant foreign board, the most numerous body is the missionary work was begun in Brazil. The Meth- Presbyterian, with 45,550 members. Then come odist Episcopal Church sent the Rev. Fountain E. the Baptists, who, both in and out of the "Conven- Pitts to Rio de Janeiro in 1835 to look the ground tion," number 41,190 members. Braga and Grubb over, and after he had made a favorable report, estimate that "the Christian community, reprethe Rev. R. Justin Spaulding was sent to open the sented by the Evangelical churches, is in excess of work in 1836. He was reenforced by three others. 400,000." Elsewhere in their book they claim that This work was suspended at the close of 1841, with Anglicans, Germans, and inquirers, the but was resumed in 1876 by the Rev. J. J. Ransom. Protestant constituency amounts to about a mil- Today the Methodist Episcopal Church in Brazil lion, or one to forty~one of the population. is credited with 15,480 members and 122 churches. No single church or group of churches seems to In 1855, Dr. Robert Reid KaIley, Scottish phy- have a well-considered, systematic plan for the sician, landed in Rio, and in 1858 organized a evangelization of all Brazil. The Presbyterians Congregational church looking to no foreign board are working toward a definite policy. Erasmo for help. There are 31 of these churches, on or Braga said that the occupation of gaps and of the near the coast, with 3,430 members. vast hinterland is at present "a missionary and Ashbel Green Simonton, of the Presbyterian not a national task," by which he meant that the Church, came to Rio in 1859, and in 1862 the first work must- be done by foreign missionaries and Presbyterian church in Rio was organized. To- not by the Brazilian national churches. Certain day there are 251 churches, fairly well distributed it is that on the present lines the national churches over Brazil, with 32,622 members. are incapable of the task. Even if they should In 1859 the Baptists sent a minister to look get together, as there is now a disposition to do, things over, but as he was not favorably im- removing overlapping and friction, merging conpressed. Real missionary work did not begin in gregations, and dividing the field, there is yet no [32 ] indication that the Evangelical forces on the field Friends or Heralds of Jesus, who would go forth, are ready to undertake seriously and systemati- possibly in New Testament style two and tW.o, cally the evangelization of the whole country. living by the h.ospitality of the communities vis- Equally remote is the likelihood that the Foreign ited, teaching school, or by other employment, in MissiDn Boards of North America, either singly the spirit of the New Testament Christians, of or together, will take over the job. The northern the preaching orders of the later Middle Ages, Presbyterians appear to be giving the matter the and .of the pioneer Methodists of the United most serious consideration. States. This venture calls for a breadth of vi- sion and depth of consecration. There seem two possibilities: First, an awaken- ing of greater interest in the United States. If, One fundamental question in this connection then, the evangelization of Brazil is to be seriously has not yet been considered and is practically enterprised, let the foreign missionary withdraw ignored in discussions, namely, the meaning of from the areas already occupied, except fDr spe- evangelization. In many places only one class of cial, educatiDnal, and institutional work, leaving people has been reached; organized labor, the that field to the national churches. All the efforts upper middle classes, the academic element and of the missionary will then be directed toward the the so-called "intellectuals" have hardly been areas still unevangelized. In any case, this seems touched. Comparison in numbers with some past period is often made, but certain factDrs are over- toO me desirable. A sentiment .of intense natiDnal- looked. The population of Brazil one hundred years ago, when missi.onary work was begun, was ism has seized the Brazilian people, who have so probably not over seven or eight millions; today long been considered exceptionally hospitable to there are forty-two millions. Still more signifi- the foreigner. Fortunately all the large denom- cant is the growing complexity .of the situation. inational groups have been nationalized, and they Then there were no CDmmunists and Fascists. are capable .of running themselves at least as well To mean anything evangelization must now ap- as anybody else. The existence side by side of a proximate something like what Kagawa means f.oreign missionary on an ample salary in Amer- by the Kingdom of God movement. Neither mis- ican dollars, and the poorly paid Brazilian sionaries nor Brazilian Evangelicals have been preacher, is unwholesome. In my judgment, the willing, to any considerable extent, to face the . time has come when the FDreign Mission Boards facts of our modern world, and give hospitality should withdraw financial subsidies from these to these larger conceptions. independent Brazilian churches. . From the beginning one of the most powerful The second possibility is s.o remote that I hesi- agencies of evangelization has been the work of tate to mention it. The national churches have the Bible Societies. The statistics of the churches not the resources to send out well-equipped and were for the year 1930, and only relatively repre- well-paid workers to evangelize their people. But sent the present situation. Another fact of prime should there come to them a vision, a baptism of importance is that there are a few young Brazilian fire, a spirit of evangelical devoti.on, the forces Evangelicals who are alive to the situation and already on the field could accomplish the evan- eager to do something about it. At present they gelization of the country. The converted priest are somewhat appalled by the enormity of the Jose Man.oel da C.onceigao, .ordained a Presby- task, and paralyzed by the seemingly impenetrable terian minister in 1865, went out with Bible and wall of conservatism that confronts them; but medicine chest but without money, proclaiming they may yet surmount all difficulties and take the the gDod news. He was stoned and beaten and leadership in a forward march. after 'seven years, died .on Christmas Day, 1873. I have suggested the formati.on of a group .of the A GREAT MISSIONARY'S AMBITION William Carey listed the following guiding points for himself and his colleagues in the missionary enterprise: 1. To set an infinite value on human souls. 2. To abstain from whatever deepens India's prejudice against the Gospel. 3. To watch for every chance of doing good to the people. 4. To preach Christ as the means of conversions. 5. To esteem and treat Indians always as our equals. 6. To guard and build up the "hosts that may be gathered." 7. To labor incessantly in Biblical translation. 8. To be instant in the nurture of personal religion. 9. To give ourselves without reserve to the cause, not counting even the clothes we wear our own.

Evangelism in

By FRANK RAWLINSON, D.D., Shanghai, China Editor of "The Chinese Recorder"

"COOPERATIVE Evangelism" was the key- able to. SUPPo.rt a pastor and woman wo.rker. Such note of the Natio.nal Christian Co.uncilof workers should have at least a middle school edu- China at its spring meeting. This Coun- cation before taking special ministerial training. cil represents Evangelical Christians in fourteen One important feature of the wo.rk will be the provinces, representing fourteen church bodies, training and supervision of lay wDrkers, who. are and nine natio.nal organizations which include to be trained under village cDnditions. There about fifty-eight per cent of the PrDtestants in must be closer cooperation between theological China. Miss Wu Yi-fang, President of Ginling seminaries and churches. These centripetal mDves Women's College, Nanking, is chairman of the help to put more creative thinkers into Christian Council. service.

For over a quarter of a century certain natiDnal Rural reconstruction is one Df the movements Christian organizations have had a centrifugal in China which tends to compete with the church tendency. Recently a centripetal tendency has for its leadership. Mr. Fu-liang Chang, Rural taken its place. The China Christian Educational Secretary of the China Christian CDuncil, has re- Association and the Council on Medical Missions signed to devote his time to. rural rehabilitation of the Chinese Medical Association are now com- in Kiangsi under the NatiDnal Economic Council.· missions of the National Christian Council, re- Through .the last twenty-two years Christian taining their autonomy, at least for the present, cooperation in China has moved forward in while their staffs confer and their budgets are set strength and scope of program, but the Protestant up conjointly. Such a realignment of the Chris- movement tends to move in two. sections. The tian forces comes from a changed Christian atti- centripetal cooperative move hopes to bring them tude. Moving in the same centripetal direction closer together and find a program that will ap- the Council also appointed a "Commission on the peal to youth and open up to the organized its Life and Work of the Churches," to. be composed rightful place in the building of the new China. mainly of church administrators who will seek to There has also. been growth in the Christian co- tap more fully the thinking of the churches so as operative purpose in China. Before the Shanghai more effectively to influence the cooperative work Missionary CDnference of 1907 cooperation was of the Council. functional and resulted in the production of the The organized church is at present the weakest Bible in Chinese and in commentaries, and other part of the Christian Movement in China. During specific pieces of work. At that Conference the the last twenty-two years hospitals have gone for- cooperative purpose of the church took two forms: ward and Christian schools have largely increased denominational integration and regional councils their enrollment but during the same period the with doctrinal as well as functional bonds. The number of those preparing for the ministry has first went forward; the second expired. The decreased 31.2 per. cent. The appeal of the China Continuation Committee was organized on churches to youth-especially educated youth- the functional basis with tacit agreement on a has weakened. Without new blood the future of "zone of common ideas" (never formulated), and the organized church is imperiled. The Council toleration of doctrinal differences which were did not recommend at present any new youth or- more and more excluded from cooperative discusganization but decided to approach the youth sion. The National Christian Council has gone problem cooperatively through a "National Con- forward on this basis and in its present planning sultation of their representatives." One great dif- the major emphasis heads up in a cooperative ficulty is that of providing Christian leadership evangelism which aims to meet the needs of the for rural churches.. Groups of viIIagechurches- who.le of life… There is. tpday a greater oppor- each village is to have its own fellowship-should tunity than ever before to. lead the Christian be organized into. parishes of abo.ut three hundred, forces fo.rward in society-wide evangelism.

[34 ]

SIGN OF EVANGELICAL PROGRESS IN THE PHILIPPINES; SILLIMAN UNIVERSITY AT

The Pageant of the Philippines By the REV. CHARLES R. HAMILTON, D.D., -ot§f Manila, P. I;, 1907- President of the Union Theological Seminary, Manila THESE are days pregnant with great possi- erns the status of the masses. The people have bilities for the Philippine Islands. A people no important political rights. There is no unify- of fourteen millions have just entered upon a ing tongue but a large number of dialects so difnew period with the inauguration of the Common- ferent that they amount to separate languages.

wealth. The history leading up to this point may Spanish is spoken by only a very small percentage be divided into stages which can be envisioned as of the people, the official and wealthy classes.

the progress of a pageant, in five acts. Scarcely any highways exist for social and com- I. The curtain rises on May 1, 1898. At the mercial convenience and there are only seventy- rear of the stage there is a dim light. It repre- five miles of railway. There is no religious free- sents the Spanish period from 1565 to 1898. The dom. It is a crime to own or read the Bible. The conditions in that half light are seen as character- 'Roman Catholic friars dictate the policy both of ized by ignorance, with no system of public schools Church and State. On September 30, 1896, Jose for the children beyond those where the RomanB.izal, the greatest of the Filipinos, said by many Catholic catechism and prayers have the largest historians to have been the greatest of the Malay emphasis and where the attendance is extremely race, is led out to the field of Bagumbayam, Ma- meagre. Superstition holds the people in its grip. 'nila, and shot to death by the firing squad, the Pestilence and plague hover over the Islands.. Eco- work of the government directed by the unseen nomic oppression prevails.. A social serfdomgov- hand of the Church. Rizal's novels, "Noli Me [35 ]

Tangere" and "EI Filibusterismo," picture the sit- Hon. William H. Taft, Secretary of War under uation of that day. President Theodore Roosevelt, has arrived to rep- May 1, 1898, shows the Spanish fleet in Cavite resent the United States Government in this im- harbor in Manila Bay, with Commodore George portant function. With him on the good ship Dewey leading the Asiatic battle fleet of ,the "Minnesota" traveled three young married cou- United States navy – an episode in the Spanish ples, just appointed as missionaries by the Presby- American War. The engagement is brief, but de- terian Board – Dr. and Mrs. Robert Carter, Dr.

cisive. The Spanish ships are afire and the sailors and Mrs. George W. Dunlap, and the writer and dying, while for the American force, the victory his wife. Dr. Carter gave seven years of splendid is almost bloodless. The American flag is raised medical service and died in 1919. Dr. and Mrs.

over this Far Eastern' archipelago to become the Dunlap, after doing an outstanding work among new symbol of sovereignty. the students during twenty-seven and a half years, II. The curtain rises again four years later- have retired from the service. The writer and his wife gave twenty-ope years of service in Laguna on July 4, 1902. President Theodore Roosevelt Province, Mrs. Hamilton in medical work and the has just proclaimed at an end the Filipino insur- writer in evangelistic service, then two years in rection against American arms. Through mis- educational work as Acting President of Silliman understanding between General Emilio Aguinaldo Institute, now Silliman University, in Dumaguete and United States representatives, the former pro- and since then as President of Union Theological claimed an independent Filipino Republic and de- Seminary in Manila. fied the authority of the American Government, hostilities having broken out between the insur- The scene shows the people of the Philippines gents and the American troops in the early part gradually led along in the paths of citizenship, of 1899 and continuing for two years under electing their Mayors and Town Councils, and two Aguinaldo. His capture broke the backbone of of the officials of their Provincial Boards. The the rebellion, but in various localities the insur- establishment of the various departments of a gents kept up the fight a year longer during which civil government directly touch the life of the peo- time the civil government with William H. Taft, ple. Public schools have been established on a as the first civil governor, exercised control over scale covering the Archipelago. Hundreds of the provinces where civil government had been American school teachers are in service. The Bu- established. The military governor continued in reau of Public Works has built numerous high- charge of the remaining provinces until they were ways in practically all of the provinces and has duly organized and transferred to civil control. dug artesian wells to supply water for the people.

This scene shows not only government officials The Public Health Service has grappled cour- from America coming to take part in the new de- ageously, and with a large measure of success, velopments, but a group of missionaries led by with disease epidemics such as smallpox, cholera Dr. and Mrs. James B. Rodgers, the first duly ap- and plague.

pointed missionaries of any evangelical church to It is a great day when the members of the first the Philippines. They were transferred from Philippine Assembly, chosen by the electorate of Brazil after eight years of service there by the their country, come together, conscious that they Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions. The have been charged with the responsibility of mak- stream of missionaries becomes a river flowing in ing laws for their people. They go seriously about with the personnel and equipment of the larger their tasks. Men who later become outstanding evangelical bodies of American churches – Pres- political leaders are in that first Assembly. Its byterian, Methodist, Congregational, Baptist, first speaker is a young man from Cebu, the Hon.

United Brethren, Disciples, Protestant Episcopal, Sergio Osmena. The Assembly chooses as the first Christian Missionary Alliance – the beginning of resident commissioner to Washington, the Hon.

a work which has coursed down through the years Manuel Quezon, who has risen step by step to of this epochal generation. In a true sense the political power, and is now the acknowledged mas- work of the American Government has also been ter of Philippine politics.

missionary in leading and training and developing IV. The curtain again rises in 1916. The the people for a higher type of political, social and scene is the inauguration of the Philippine Senate, economic living, while the missionaries of the the Upper House of the Philippine Legislature, Cross have gone on calling the people to life in taking the place of the Philippine Commission. Christ, establishing churches and· relating them In 1914, the writer sat in the gallery of the to world-wide Christendom. House of Representatives in Washington and lis- III. Again the curtain lifts-October 16, 1907. tened to Mr. Quezon discuss the Jones Bill provid- The inauguration of the first Philippine Assembly, ing for the establishment of the Philippine Senate the Lower House of the Philippine Legislature. as the next step in the extension of autonomy to

19836] THE PAGEANT OF THE PHILIPPINES

the Filipino people. While Mr. Quezon's English ization of the evangelical mISSSIIOons, assigned to was not as good as it is today, one was impressed each mission its particular territory and this prinwith his courage and ability in debate, even when ciple of division of territory has characterized the hectored by such eminent and veteran leaders as work of the missions and the churches ever since. Representative Mann of Massachusetts and others. The Jones Bill was passed by Congress and be- V. Now the curtain rises for the last time– came the organic law of the Islands, a further November 15, 1935. Over the radio waves comes step in the new era of political development. The the program of the most significant event that has scene shows Governor-General Francis Burton ever happened in the Philippines, the establish- Harrison, sent out by President Woodrow Wilson ment of the Philippine Commonwealth and the into speed up participation in the government by auguration of its first President, Hon. Manuel Filipinos and their investment with authority and Quezon and the Vice-President, Hon. Sergio O08sresponsibility as rapidly and widely as conditions mena, two able leaders who were elected twentywould allow. His regime covers the period of the eight years ago to that first Philippine Assembly, most extensive FiIlipinization of the government. the latter made the Speaker and the former hav- The manner and speed of bringing this about has ing been the first Resident Commissioner to Washbeen severely criticized, but it placed the Filipinos ington. The scene shows the Vice-President of in a much larger control of their own affairs than the United States, John N. Garner, the Secretary ever before. During this period we see the Filipinos taking positions as judges in the provincial Courts of First Instance, also filling four of the nine places on the bench of the Supreme Court.

Filipino teachers in the public schools increase in great numbers. Automobile highways continue to be widely extended. Many new miles of railroad are constructed. Health conditions improve. Dev- astating epidemics come under as complete con- trol as in the United States. The whole standard of living is raised. The demand for independence becomes stronger and louder.

During this period we see the evangelical churches growing in numbers and strength. The missions have established schools and hospitals throughout the Archipelago, which stretches 1,200 THE DIA BROTHERS-PRODUCTS OF E1VANGIDLICAL miles from north to south and 600 miles from east MISSION WORK to west, with a land area of 114 square miles, equal Leonardo (Th.B.), Leon (B.S.E .) and Severo (B.S.E.) to the area of New York State and the six New of War, George H. Dern, and forty-six American England States combined. These islands are esti- Congressmen and Senators representing the mated to be capable of supporting a population of United States Government at this inaugural cere- between sixty million and sixty-five million. The mony. They bear the congratulations and good Government Health Service has inaugurated hos- wishes of the President of the United States and pitals in most of the provinces, while the mission of the American people for a happy and success- hospitals not only minister to the body, but bring ful issue of the final autonomous step of the Philip- healing to the soul. The outstanding educational pine people preceding the establishment of the institution of higher learning, other than the Gov- Philippine Republic ten years hence, as the Inde- ernment University, is Silliman Institute, as it pendence Bill provides.

was called for thirty-four years, but is now Silli- Hardly any event in history is quite like this in man University, located at Dumaguete on the its significance.

Island of Negros. Its alumni have gone out to Since 1914 no less than ten special commissions every province and have taken places of trust and have been sent from the Philippines to Washing- responsibility in Government service, in commer- ton, knocking at the doors of Congress and ask- cial pursuits, in law, medicine, teaching, the min- ing for independence. At the first these Commis- istry and in other useful occupations. The Philip- sions were inclined to be peremptory and defiant.

pine Sunday School Union, later the Philippine In recent years they have become less caustic, Council of Christian Education, has been estab- more respectful and voicing their desires with exlished, and out of the Sunday schools orggaanniizzeedd. pressions of gratitude and appreciation for what in many barrios strong churches have grown. In America has done in the Philippines. The tenth the early days the Evangelical Union, an organ- Commission was headed by Mr. Quezon, then

President of the Philippine Senate, and was suc- and the former American Governor-General, Hon.

cessful in bringing about the passage of the Frank Murphy, has become the first American Tydings-McDuffie bill containing the plan for the High Commissioner to the Philippines. After the ten-year period of the Commonwealth, to be suc- continuance of the Commonwealth for ten years, ceeded by the Republic. This was signed on and the adoption of certain amendments by the March 24, 1934, by President Franklin D. Roose- Commonwealth Government, the Philippine Re- velt. Upon the return of the Quezon Commission public is to be ushered in in 1946 or 1947. Thus, to Manila on April 30th, the welcome given them after thirty-six years, the United States has ful- was the largest, most enthusiastic ever tendered filled her pledge, uttered at first by President Wil- such a group of returning political leaders on liam McKinley, that the United States was tak- Philippine shores. The address of Mr. Quezon was ing over the Philippines not to exploit, but to fit given in Tagalog and English on the Luneta in and train the people for self-government. AI- response to the program of welcome. He ex- though the action of Congress in passing the Inde- pressed the gratitude of the Filipinos to the United pendence measure was not motivated wholly by States and endeavored to impress upon the peo- altruism, but was influenced largely by the in- pIe in a sober, practical way, a sense of the great sistent demands of partisan industrial groups in responsibility about to be accepted by them and the United States, yet much of. the spirit that pre- the need of unity in spirit and effort. vailed in Congress looked mainly to the benefit of On the next day, May 1st, the thirty-sixth an- the Filipino people. There the action stands niversary of the Battle of Manila Bay, the Philip- taken before the whole world, as the one instance pine Legislature met in a special joint session to in history of a sovereign nation voluntarily grant- consider the approval of the Tydings-McDuffie In- ing freedom to its colonial possession. "The event dependence Act. It was the great privilege of the is in the hand of God."

writer to be present at that momentous hour in This brief outline of progress does not tell the Philippine history. President Quezon of the Sen- story of the gradual growth and development ate presided. As he brought down his gavel at the which has taken place in things which mean an appointed time, the Chamber became quiet and improved civilization. Probably in no country in expectant. It was a memorable moment. The the world has there been witnessed such strides resolution for the acceptance of the Tydings-Mc- in a like period of time as in the Philippines.

Duffie bill was read and an opportunity was given These improvements include a system of public for discussion, but there was no debate. The ques- school education from primary school to state uni- tion was passed by a unanimous vote. Mr. Quezon versity, with education absorbing 30 per cent of then delivered an address in English, dwelling on the national budget; a complete system of judi- the gravity of the occasion and the solemnity of ciary from Justice of the Peace to the Supreme the hour. He summoned the people and the legis- Court; a coordinating system of municipal, pro- lators to their best thought and highest endeavor vincial and national governments; an ever-ex- in working out the problems immediately before panding system of railroads and metalled high- them. Mr. Osmena addressed the Legislature in ways; a modern health and sanitation service; a Spanish in much the same vein. constantly improving water transportation; a A new era had begun. The formal relations of radio service including radio telephone giving in- the Filipino and American people had been stant communication with the world outside; an changed. Heretofore the Filipinos had entered efficient and up-to-date postal service; airways and traveled freely in the United States; from with regular schedule between chief cities and fur- now on the quota regulations governing the immi- nishing special transportation on occasion to all gration of foreigners are to be enforced for the parts of the Islands and the Trans-Pacific Clipper Philippines, with the quota fixed at fifty per Service from San Francisco via Honolulu, Mid- annum. A United States Vice-Consul has been way, Wake and Guam now in regular operation; : ppointed to superintend matters in connection industries such as sugar, coconut, tobacco, cordage with Filipino emigration to the United States. fiber and lumber, which, developed to an alleged The Rubicon had been crossed. A few weeks after dangerous point of competition in the United this memorable day, the delegates were elected to States markets with American domestic indus- the Constitutional Convention; that Convention, tries, have accelerated from the American .side after continuing in session for about six months, Philippine independence; a gold mining industry adopted a Constitution which was sent for ap- which, in actual production ranks fifth in the proval to the President of the United States. The United States gold producing areas, with two of document was then returned to the Philippines the largest producing mines in the world. These and was there approved in a plebiscite vote… The' are some of the marks of progress in this land of President of the Commonwealth is now in office, vast unexplored forest and mineral resources,

THE PAGEANT OF THE PHILIPPINES

THE UNION THElOLOGICAL SE'MINARY AT MANILA, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS healthful climate, unsurpassed beauty of scenery, response of the Filipino people. This fine coopand a happy, hospitable, forward-looking people. eration will, we hope, continue as the two peoples march down the corridors of time as independent This development has gone forward with an but friendly nations.

ever-increasing Philippine autonomy. Out of The best thing done for the Philippines by 7,000 or 8,000 in the public service at present, America, as often stated by Hon. Teodoro R. Yangco, merchant prince, the greatest Filipino there were a few months ago but a few hundred philanthropist, and former Resident Commis- Americans, those chiefly in the Bureau of Educa- sioner to Washington, was the giving of religious tion. Twenty-eight years ago there were 618 liberty and the open Bible. As a result an evan- American teachers in the public schools. Recently gelical Church of probably 200,000 communicants, there were only 188, with 27,769 Filipino teachers. with an equal number of adherents, is exercising In the higher positions of the Government only the its beneficent influence on the life of the people. Governor-General, Vice Governor-General, Insular SOme friends in the States have asked what effect Auditor, six out of eleven Judges of the Supreme Philippine independence would have on mission- Court, two Provincial Treasurers, and directors ary work and evangelical church activity. No of the Bureaus of Education, Public Works and particular effect is expected. The missionary and Forestry, were until the inauguration of the Com- church work will go on without change, though monwealth, Americans. At present these, as well the majority of the people are still Roman Cathas all other high government officials, heads of de- olic. 'Many of these are liberal-minded and many partments and bureaus, and a vast majority of the are affiliated with no church. On the whole the personnel, are in the process of becoming wholly temper of the Filipino people is to hold fast to the Filipino. The goal of complete FiIipinization of principles of religious liberty and to oppose anypublic service will be reached within a short time, thing that might look toward the union of Church certainly within the Commonwealth period. The and State, or that suggests control of the State by record of this development and the' part in it the Church. which the United States has played are things of which the American people may well be proud. There are today about 150 evangelical'mission- Politically and economically the United States has aries in the Islands. The original hope of, those endeavored to deal fairly, by her ward. The re- who organized the Evangelical Union in thhee early sults achieved have not been, however, the work days has been in large part realized in tlieestab.; of the United States alone. They could not have lishment of the United Evangelical Church of the seen the end brought about without the cordial

Philippines, organized from the constituency of Missions. The spirit and principle of cooperation the Presbyterian, United Brethren, and Congre- have taken form in the Union Theological Semgational churches and having a membership of inary, Manila, conducted by five of the evangelical about 46,000. The Methodist Episcopal Church Mission Boards in America, the Presbyterian, represents the largest communion in the Islands, Congregational, Methodist, United Brethren and with a membership of 86,000. Last year the Disciples. United Evangelical Church added 3,000 new converts to its local churches and expended $25,000 on There is promise of a great future for the running expenses. The President of the Univer- Philippines if economic adjustments are wisely sity of the Philippines is Dr. Jorge Bocobo, an made and if high ground is taken on educational, LL.B. from Indiana State University and an LL.D. ethical and social matters and if the great prinfrom Southern California University. For many ciple of religious liberty is held inviolate. One has years he was Dean of the College of Law of the faith to believe that the character and wisdom of University and was inaugurated as President in the leaders, supported by the rugged strength and January, 1935. Although he is an active evan- honesty of the common people, will meet the degelical leader, a member of the Methodist Epis- mands of the new era now upon us. One of the copal Church and President of the Philippine Na- things that begets strong hope for the years ahead tional Christian Council, he was chosen President is the splendid response which the Filipino people of the University by a Board of Regents, the ma- have made to the opportunity of the open Bible jority of whom were Roman Catholics.. The Mod- and the message of the evangelical faith. An inerator of the United Evangelical Church is Dr. telligent, thinking constituency, with life actuated Enrique C. Sobrepena, an alumnus of Macalester by the highest Christian standards of truth and College in Minnesota, educated in theology at conduct, give promise of a virile group exerting Princeton and Drew, a member of the faculty of a mighty influence for the safe guidance of the the Union Theological Seminary, Manila, pastor people in the days to come. Christian education of the largest English-speaking Filipino Church must be given the oncoming generations, so that in the Philippines and was an influential delegate with the training in modern scientific achievement to the Constitutional Convention which framed and broadening of knowledge there may come the present governing instrument for the Com- those great elemental truths which relate life to monwealth. Silliman Institute has become dur- God and call for the dedication of every talent and ing the past year Silliman University, with an an- power to the service of Christ and fellowmen. nual enrollment of over 1,000, whose President is If we can be sure of this, then the Filipino people Dr. Roy H. Brown, brother-in-law of Dr. Cleland may face the future with confidence and "tread B. McAfee of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign the earth with dignity."

One Thousand Tribes Without the Bible* THERE are about 5,000 languages and dialects America and on through Yucatan are tribes re- spoken by mankind; in 954 of these we ha.ve lated to the once mighty Mayan race; and over a translation of at least a part of the Bible; the rugged plateaus of Mexico there are more than 3,000 hardly demand attention, the people being forty other linguistic stocks, including the sturdy sufficiently accessible through other tongues, or Aztecs. Few of these five hundred tribes have else are nearing extinction; 1,000 tongues, how- ever felt a single ray of Gospel light. ever, still beckon for Bible translators. Herein lies the most urgent task of the church today! Missionary work has been carried on in Africa for over a hundred years. Much has been accom- South of the Rio Grande, in Latin America, there plished. Thirty-five tribes have received the enare 17,000,000 dialect-speaking Indians with five tire Bible, seventy-eight tribes the New Testahundred different languages. In the highlands of ment, and 191 more some portion of the Scripthe Andes live the descendants of the ancient tures. Ho-wever, conservative reports state .that Incas, as well as remnants of other former civ- there are three hundred African tribes to whom ilizations; throughout the jungles of Amazonia nothing of the printed Word has been given. rove several hundred wild tribes; in Central If to these are added unreached tribes of many * Condensed from The King's Business. Mr. W. Cameron Town- parts of Asia, we have, perhaps, two hundred tribes more for whom translation work must yet send. the author, has been a missionary to the Cakchiquel Indians be done, for our obligation is undeniable. of Central America, affiliated with the Pioneer Mission Agency.- EDITOR.

a Century Ago*

D=.D;;;;'~II'- -6(1.1.=;;;;B;;;;Y;;;;th;;;;e;;;;R;;;;E;;;;V;;;;.;;;;W=.D=O;;;;U;;;;G;;;;L;;;;A;;;;S;;;;MA=C;;;;KE=N;;;;Z1=E;;;;, 1 T HE American Board was organized in 1810. resolved to check this invasion by nearly a thou- Within twenty-five years it had sent mission- sand Boer wagons. He was a treacherous man aries to India, Ceylon, the Sandwich Islands, and foully murdered about fifty Boers with their Turkey, China and West Africa. Then its officers leader Peter Retief, at a conference meeting and made inquiries of Dr. Philip, the famous director attacked other groups at various points. . . .

of the South African missionaries of the London Chaka and his successor created a new era in Missionary Society, about possible fields in South the history of the Zulus. That influence spread Africa. He advised them to begin work among far and wide. One of his most successful genthe powerful Zulu tribes of the southeast corner erals decided to set up for himself, invaded the of the Dark Continent. Orange Free State, and then swept northwards to settle in what became Matebeleland. In 1834, six young men were ordained and despatched with their wives to that far off, hardly As a young boy I remember that able and ruthexplored and restless region. It is doubtful less monarch, Moselekatse, whom I saw in his whether, if the Board had known all the facts, court. Some of his wives stood behind him and they would have deemed it wise to send those his soldiers in a wide circle before him, with young couples on so desperate an undertaking. shields and spears in their hands. I remember the shock which came when the King spoke and About the beginning of the nineteenth century all the soldiers replied with a deep voice "Bo-o-m." the Zulus had been suddenly roused from the easy, unorganized, unenterprising life of all South Absolute subservience, prompt and merciless ac- African tribes. A young man named Chaka tion when the chief commanded, were obvious learned from another chief, Dingiswayo, who him- even to a very young boy. self had learned during an exile of six years at These were Zulus from Zululand and their or- Cape Town (1793-1799), that effective warfare ganization and habits were carried to Matebeledepends on discipline and drill, and that regiments land from the land of disorder where the first so organized and trained cannot be resisted by American missionaries arrived in 1835. the miscellaneous, undirected and uncontrolled The revolution wrought by Chaka and Dingaan methods of tribal attack and defense. was made possible because the Zulu native was Chaka carried his teacher's instructions beyond splendid material. There were in those people anything that the Zulus had ever known. He latent energy, a readiness to take new paths, and made his whole tribe an army of fierce, victorious, a mental capacity which only needed to be fired irresistible warriors: They now lived for war. with ambition and guided effectively to give them Chaka absorbed the young men and women and the renown which they have won throughout the children of conquered neighbors into his own South Africa. It is these qualities which imtribe. He destroyed the unusable enemies and dev- pressed the first missionaries and which have astated their villages and gardens. His name made the spread of Christianity among them the became a terror through a large part of South fascinating story which it is.

Africa. He was succeeded by his brother Din- The Zulus gaan, also a man of vigor and ferocity.

The Zulus first came into contact with white The Zulus have many of the beliefs and social men when a few enterprising Englishmen settled customs of the great Bantu race to which they beat Port Natal, now called Durban. With them long and which is spread almost all over the there seems to have been no quarrels. But Din- African continent. They are ancestor worshipgaan was aroused to suspicion and fear when a pers, but they believe or are ready to accept belief large movement of Boers from Cape Colony took in one supreme Creator or Ruler of the world. place in the direction of Natal. Their worship is one of mingled dread and com- fort, dependent upon the class of spirits whom The Zulus knew the Boers as slave owners and they believe to be in contact with them at anyone tyrants over the black man. Dingaan therefore • From The Missionai"3/ Herala, Boston. time.

[41 ]

But they are also slaves to magical superstition. gish souls of contented, sensual, lazy tribes that Their "medicine men" are extremely clever spe- their more active and alert minds were more open cialists in the art of creating- fear and suspicion to the startling word of God, which laziness can even among the best of friends, when sickness or never understand, for whose sowing only alert other calamity falls upon them. This makes the minds are prolific soil. people slaves to witchcraft with all its cruelty and bitter hatreds. But that could not be apparent in those confused and baffling years from 1835 to 1842. The six They are polygamists and victims of that de- couples on arrival at the Cape were divided into grading institution in their characters and even two companies. Three couples traveled fourteen in their economic life. For a man's status is af- hundred miles north to those Zulus whom Mosele- fected by the number of his wives and that de- latse had led thither, but they found the conditions pends on the number of his cattle, which of old so hopeless that it was foolish to settle down and were the "coins of the realm." they trekked the long way south to Natal.

The missionaries found these Zulu men addicted The other three couples, after various explor- to all manner of self-indulgence except when they ations, finally settled on the coast of Natal and were at war or preparing for it. Their women began that long story of devoted and powerful were the providers of food, the real workers. Only work which their successors are carrying on the care of cattle and an occasional hunt were the today. male contribution to family sustenance. Drinking . beer was their chief amusement, along with the Some one else may pay worthy tribute to the war dances which often accompanied it. men and women who pressed up into Zululand proper. Later on some of them followed their But withal there is in the Zulu nature that ele- people into the compounds of the gold mines at ment of moral and spiritual insight and apprecia- Johannesburg where their work, at first viewed tion which all their sensuality cannot utterly de- with suspicion by the mine owners, has elicited stroy. Dr. Josiah Tyler, in his interesting book, their admiration, confidence and gratitude. Forty Years Among the Zulus, repeatedly empha- sizes the fact "that conscience among a heathen When a great civilization has been developed, people is a great auxiliary to the missionary." when Zulus are the equals of any race in all the riches of culture, with scholars, scientists, states- I once asked several old men how they felt be- men equal to those of Boston, it will be remem- fore the arrival of white men in Zululand when bered that from Boston those six young couples doing right or wrong. Their reply was "Some- went out, joyously, earnestly, to open the doors of thing within us approved when we did the former the highest life to people who were then called de- and condemned when we did the latter." graded heathen.

The missionaries bear abundant witness that These six men and women: George Champion, these people, apparently sunk in sensuality and Alden Grout, Newton Adams, M.D. (who would hardened in cruelty, were sensitive to love and not leave in those first years, when the others de- sympathy. When they saw the integrity of the spaired of the situation, and who died all too soon "men of the Book," their superior knowledge, even of over-work) besides the Lindleys, the Wilsons, their greater possessions, which seemed enormous the Venables, are the true parents of that Zulu even to a chief, they could not but wonder at their civilization which is still only in its earliest stages conduct towards themselves. but destined to become glorious.

Their incredible message about the God who Later on they were joined by others, of whom had saved the world by our Lord Jesus Christ, one of the greatest, Josiah Tyler, son of Bennet was gradually made credible, realizable, accept- Tyler, was the first president of Hartford The- able by their whole manner of living. To be al- ological Seminary. ways helping others not only in those teaching ways which were at first so hard to understand, As one reads the story of their early years but in many practical ways, chiefly by relieving among the Zulus one feels himself in contact with the sick, and training the young, that was a new that thrilling combination of heroism and saintkind of life, incredible if they did not see it with hood which has been and is the glory of our pio- their own eyes, absurd but that .they were the neer missionaries everywhere. Ready to die be- recipients of its boons. cause they loved, they made real and luminous, let me repeat,… to the hearts and minds of mere sav- But let us go back for a little to the years of ages darkened by evil, the story of "the in'esti- this new revolution in Zulu history. Perhaps mabIe love" of God "in the redemption of the Chaka by his methods had so quickened the slug- world by our Lord Jesus Christ."

A Mission Doctor's Daily Dilemma*

~1~I-=-=~B~Y~S~.~H~.~M~A~R~T~IN~'~M-=.D~.'~S~OO_U~l'~Ch-=O~se~n-=-=~II~ THE day broke through smoke and cloud over it's the doctor's invariable rule never to leave a the South Mountain and into empty corridors waiting patient, he could not leave these cases, yet with their clean smell of lysol disinfectant. he had an appointment at 5 P. M. He knew there The clinic workers were singing, "What a Friend were no empty fourth or fifth class beds (5th is We Have in Jesus," when the doctor with his as- charity). He knew, too, that one case like this sistants started his long round of treating the sick, was being treated in the third class ward on per- and of giving bedside instruction to students, in sonal account. All the charity prescription blanks the main wards of the Severance Hospital. Many were locked up. Miss S., our American "Goddess acute cases were rapidly becoming normal, and of Mercy" (Kwannon) had gone home. As he others were patiently holding their own. took off his overcoat he saw, posted on the wall, But it is after 10: 00 A. M. and the doctor must the notice that he was down to speak at College hurry to the clinic, where the waiting room is the next day. He would probably plead with the filled with suffering humanity waiting in turn be- students to treat patients' souls, as well as their neath a huge painting of "Christ healing the sick," bodies, and here was he, a fine example of a mis- sionary doctor, not even caring for the bodies of when he, too, was a practicing physician. The people five feet away from him. They were examfirst patient, a youth of twenty, accompanied by ined, medicines were given and charged up to the many uncles and aunts, sat with the shoulder long list of Kimses, Pakses and Yesses to "perblades of his emaciated chest flaring, a replica of the "Winged Victory"; but this picture repre- sonal account."

sented defeat. Of these two- pictures, "Misery" and "Woe,"

Many other cases were seen, and one young such as are often seen in the doctor's clinic, woman of university standing was told, quietly "Misery" was a deserted wife of fifty, and "Woe" and honestly, that she had not a weak lung, but was the son, with a shock of matted hair and a the truth, which she already knew, was that she bony framework supporting an acute peritonitis must be treated for tuberculosis immediately. of tubercular origin. There were no beds, "There She received the shock with immobile features, was no room in the inn" for this mother and her and departed with faith in her heart, and six son. Well! what could one do for all the unfor- Kagawa books in one of her sleeves. One of the tunates in Seoul! One was not expected to take booklets was entitled "The Thorn in the Flesh," care of all the unfortunates in Seoul! Nevertheand another "Mediations on Christ." less, here was the one opportunity in the whole day to do something really worth while. Why An old man with visible stomach cancer tried bother about research on dead rabbits when liv.e to get the doctor to tell him that it was due to in- pulsating humans were suffering in sadness, with digestion, although he really knew that the demon only an occasional cry, "Sal yaw chusio!" (Please that had seized his vitals was cancer, and there save our lives). I could put a needle in the boy's was little hope. A Chinese "dancing girl," with abdomen and remove fluid, but he might die of a Shantung accent, told her many woes and de- shock and it would be considered criminal on my parted with hope and medicine. And so, through- part if he died. To make it short, a few minutes out the day, they came and went, some with bodies later, No. 51, the doctor's old Ford, in which all eased, and others with hopes denied; some with classes of people from Government officials down the gratitude and the hope of the Christian, and to opium derelicts picked up at 2: 00 A. M. have others with the Oriental fatalism. ridden, was taking these people to a home of rest, warmth and good food. As the sun set over West Gate prison, the doctor rushing into his overcoat, passed into his Leaving them there the doctor, having opened waiting room to smell and see two perfect pictures all the glass windows of his car for ventilation, of misery; one of the pictures holding, in an rushed off to the other end of the city to a very emaciated hand, a note from a missionary. As clean Japanese home, where all was silent save • From The Korea Mis·.inn Field, May. 1935. the "bara bara" of the tadis (Japanese slippers) [ 43]

on the polished floors within, and the "goro goro" tude, she placed on the table many "sticks" of of the rain without. The patient, a dignified eggs. She departed into the mud and rain (Komatron, with her son, told him of the onset of in- reans hate mud), and the doctor felt a lump in his sidious cancer. Diagrams were drawn to illus- throat as he saw her going off alone into the darktrate the operation to be done the next day. ness and again he questioned, "Should I have sent her home in a taxi?" Elaborate bows were made and No. 51, after being driven, drenched and cleaned, was housed And so to bed, until the roar of the city again again for the night, or so the doctor hoped. He steals to his window, and a lurid red breaks over climbed the hill to his home, and opened the library the South Mountain, and the corridors of the city door to find a poor woman who had been waiting hospital fill again with the sick and the suffering. two hours. She apologized as he tried to dig up As the doctor starts anew he wonders, "How from the tired depths a Christian smile of wel- many shall I turn away today, and how many come. She had come to thank him for "saving times shall I fall short of what Christ would have someone's life," and with many words of grati- me be and do?"

Yun Chi Ho of Chosen* Y UN CHI HO, who has been called the best- In 1906, General Yun, the father of Yun Chi Ho, beloved man, and the most genuine Christian said to Bishop Candler: "You were his teacher. in all Korea, celebrated his seventieth I am an ignorant man and cannot say whether or birthday last November. Dr. Yun's modesty not you taught him well, but I know this, that he threatened to veto the plan for a general celebra- came back from you a different man and differtion but he was finally convinced that the occasion ent from other Koreans. He is honest, truthful, would be in the interest of the coming of the King- obedient and diligent. I am grateful for what he dom of God. has been taught and for what he is!"

In Korea it is almost a proverl) to say that if a In 1910, he was sent as a delegate to the Edinman was of the nobility he was proud; if he was burgh Missionary Conference. Early in 1911, wealthy he was miserly; and if he lived long he after he had devoted some years to Christian edumultiplied his troubles. In the case of Dr. Yun cational work in Korea, he was falsely charged all of these statements were contradicted. Many with complicity in the attempt to assassinate Geninteresting facts of his life were brought out at eral Terauchi, the Japanese Governor-General. the celebration in Seoul, when Dr. Yun sat with The Japanese Government held him in prison for his wife, eleven of his twelve children, and his quite a while, finally liberating him without trial mother, who is ninety-two years old. or conviction.

Fifty years ago, as a result of political intrigue, Dr. Yun has been very active in the Y. M. C. A. in which he was not a participant, Yun Chi Ho in Seoul and is still active in various educational was exiled and went to China where he met Dr. enterprises. He has given some of his best serv- Young J. Allen in Shanghai, and was converted, ice to the Korean Methodist Church. He sponsors being baptized on March 23,1887. On Dr. Allen's several philanthropic projects, is the active head advice he went to America to study and entered of various cultural and research societies, and is Vanderbilt University, and later completed his alive to every significant Christian movement in studies at Emory University, at Oxford, Georgia, Korea and the world. where Bishop W. A. Candler was president. The authorities of the college were ready to help him Last December, Dr. Yun wrote to Bishop financially; but he chose to provide for his own Candler: expenses by lectures. He earned several hundred dollars for his own support, and when after two The so-called celebration of my seventieth year, which years he completed the courses at Emory University, he placed in Bishop Candler's hands $265 of some friends planned without my knowledge, has brought his earnings with these words: "I want to make this the nucleus of a fund for establishing a Chris- me some letters which are very embarrassing. The friends tian school in Korea, should I find it possible to go home." who wrote them, in their efforts to say something nice • Condensed from The World Outlook. about me, seem to have drawn more on their imagination than on actual facts. I have to take their love as a jewel and what they say simply as a wrapper. . . .

My mother is ninety years old now; my youngest boy -Joseph-is six years old. One of the reasons why I can't visit America is that I can't leave them even for a few short months.

Your affectionate boy, T. H. YUN.

Japanese Return

-at I By GEORGE WARREN HINMAN, I A Former Missionary in Japan I M OST of the second generation Orientals in at least in the large cities, has gone so far in adopt- America are Americans in spirit as well ing the standards of American life that there is as in legal status. But some of them, less danger than formerly of becoming alienated handicapped by discrimination in finding jobs in from the common life of the country by residence the United States, turn back to the land of their in America.

parents to find opportunity for using the education Dr. Kagawa made the surprising statement that and training that America has given them. We ninety-five per cent of the leading Japanese are much more fair in providing education for preachers and Christian educators have spent American children of every race than we are in some time in America, though nowhere near that providing a chance to use that education. proportion have given much time to systematic Of the older generation of Japanese a consider- Christian work among Japanese communities in able proportion return, or wish to return, to their the United States. The homogeneity of the Japa- native land. They do not go back" as some "100% nese in America, both workers and students, so Americans" imagine, to assist Japan in the ulti- different from the situation among the Chinese, mate struggle against the United States. Intimate makes it much more natural for every Japanese acquaintance with Japanese in the United States, student and visitor to identify himself with the and with those who have returned to Japan, tends resident Japanese communities and to contribute to discredit the assumption of an inevitable war. something toward work among them. The older Japanese go back home because of an Dr. Ebina, former president of Doshisha Uniunusual loyalty to the culture and traditions of versity, and one of the "elder statesmen" of the their people, and because of the difficulty of find- Christian movement in Japan, calls attention to ing an accepted place in American life. the difference in preparation and attitude between We wonder sometimes what has been the effect some of the earlier Japanese immigrants and the of American contacts, and particularly religious later students and visitors. Those who went to contacts in the United States, upon the returned America, as did Neesima, with a serious devotion Japanese emigrant. Sometimes too much atten- to the spiritual service of their country, came back tion has been paid to the experiences of the stu- to be Christian leaders because they had the dents from Asia. But the Japanese farmer and springs of leadership in them before they went.

merchant, the Chinese laundryman and shop- In general, the men and women who have had keeper, and those from both races who have some experience in Christian service in Japan, worked as house servants under alien conditions, and have proved their earnestness in life, come instead of depending upon government or private back from America strengthened and stimulated subsidies for education in the United States, are by their contacts with the religious life there and likely to provide the best evidence of what America find their way naturally to places of leadership.

does to the Oriental strangers within her gates. But many have come to America, moved merely When they return to the lands of their birth we by material considerations and without knowledge can see the indirect influence of Christian work of Christianity. Their natural energy and purpose- among Orientals in the United States upon the fulness and qualities of leadership have been de- Christian movements in Japan and China. veloped and directed by the influence of the Chris- A careful study of the subject reveals the share tian schools and churches in America to which in the Christian life and work of Japan taken by they may have come at first merely to secure help those Japanese who have lived for considerable in learning English and finding a job.

periods in America. A Japanese pastor 'who has worked sixteen Many of them are fitting in so well to the local years among his fellow nationals in Shanghai Christian institutions that the missionaries hardly was converted in Los Angeles, and spent fourteen think of them as especially influenced by their years in Christian service there. He is just cele- American experiences. Some have acquired a brating the thirtieth anniversary of his conversion "United States complex"; but Japan, as a nation, with a book of religious essays. He has visited [45 ]

the Japanese in the mandated islands of the South two years, as a private in the Japanese army in Seas, and seems to have a special calling to the Manchukuo. One wonders how his American life work among the overseas Japanese in any land. and study will affect his approach to the problems Another Japanese who came to the United States of Japan's militarism. primarily for business, and went through an American business college, was turned to Christ A mere listing of the men and women who have by the missionary forces working among Orien- come back to Japan from actual service, not meretals in California. He worked his way through ly study, abroad would fill many paragraphs. More college and theological school, selling shoes as important than such a record, however, is their Moody did, gave several years to Christian service loyalty to the friends who helped them and the in Los Angeles, taking a large share in the financ- ideals they caught from Christian life in America. ing and erection of the great Union Japanese An afternoon of friendly conversation with a church there, and is now a close associate of Kaga- Japanese girl in America years ago brought to wa in his evangelistic and social service enter- Mrs. Hinman while in Tokyo, an unforgetable prises in Japan. Another man who served a Japa- visit from the daughter of Japan's Salvation Army nese community in California is preaching to the commissioner, herself a prominent officer after Japanese in Hongkong; another is with the Japa- years of service as well as training in America, nese in Korea, and another in Manchukuo. England and Scotland. The Japanese who have returned from extended Christian service in Several of the leading pulpits in Tokyo and America are not forgetful of those who have other large cities of Japan are occupied by men of shared with them in labor and faith and brought long experience in the Japanese churches of Cali- the support of the American churches to this fornia. It was my privilege to occupy the pulpit form of missionary work among the Orientals. of one of my former colleagues in the Japanese Many men, now pastors of strong, self-supporting work in California. The church was well filled by churches, with influential political and educational a cultured audience and the number of students connections, received us to their homes and hearts attending church was very noticeable. An artist in a way few. foreign visitors are welcomed. They member of the congregation had carved a little made it seem like a spiritual home-coming. bird which was presented to me with the hope that it would symbolize the dove of peace in the rela- Government officials testify to the service done tions between Japan and China. One of the by those who have worked in the United States. former Japanese pastors in San Francisco is chap- One of the strongest women leaders in social servlain of a great girls' school in Yokohama. A man ice in Japan, joint author of the mission study who spent many years in the principal Japanese text book about women in Japan, was brought up church in Honolulu is the very earnest preacher in a Japanese parsonage in California, and the at Doshisha University. The new dean of Kobe present president of Doshisha University spent a College spent a term of service in an American year with his uncle, the pastor, in the same home Y. M. C. A., as secretary for American boys. and church relationship. Scattered all over Japan are men and women who, in spite of the suspicion These returned Japanese have not lost touch and misunderstanding all around them when they with America since their return to Japan. Many were in the United States, saw through the mists subscribe for American religious papers. The pas- the true heart of American Christians and retor of one of the large churches in Tokyo has left sponded with a new devotion to service and to inhis son as an instructor in Japanese in Stanford ternational brotherhood. They have gone back University. Another Stanford boy has returned from their American life to a larger service in from his years of American experience to serve Japan with a broader spirit.

WHAT THE DAY OF PRAYER MEANS TO AFRICAN CHRISTIANS* We went into the street and asked two women, "What do you think of the Day of Prayer? Does it really help or is it just another meeting?"

They exclaimed in one voice, "Help? It helps, truly! When we know about the condition of other tribes then we know how to pray for them. When we know how many do not yet know the good news ·of Jesus, we realize how faithful we must be in prayer and in giving money, and how we must send the words of God to them. What we learn on the Day of Prayer makes us very grateful to God for the many blessings which he has rained down upon us – the greatest of which is that we know Jesus our Saviour."

• From The Drum Call, Elat. West Africa. II Effective Ways of Working 'T'estedMethods for Increasing Interest at Home s. EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO THE NEW YEAR'S part of the present distress is new study books summon you, it OUTLOOK due to the need for those whose is one that demands our very attitudes were formed under the best consecration and endeavor. "Behold I make all things older regime to change some of This is not mere rhetoric or relinew." their thought habits, their stand- gious vaporing. The Church, the "Prove all things.. hold fast ards and ideals, even their very Christian world-builders are not that which is good." nerve reactions in the process of rising to the present emergent In the harmony between these integrating themselves into a situation nor even holding their two tones lies the keynote for the new order. But it is imperative own with the forces of disinteopening year. Pastors and all that all of us find our place and gration: but the reason may be varieties of church workers line up in an advance which im- laid at our own door in our lack should attune themselves accord- peratively conditions even the of zeal and dependence upon God ingly. This is "Moving Day" survival of the Christian Church, for guidance and the power to throughout the world, though to say nothing of civilization and follow it. Choose your own fronsome (mentally) old tenants do the perpetuation of democracy. tiers. Break your own paths. not realize it. George B. Rich- Your Department Editor is far But do get going. The Way of ter says, in Modern Salesman- from being able to blaze the trail ship: or comprehensively to map out Christ through the wilderness the exploration. She can only has not failed: it has yet to be A frog is a particularly daft crea- give a few high lights in a tried. Never for one day have ture. If it is put into a bowl of cold sketchy itinerary, from which we as individuals or the Church water and the water is very slowly you may set out for yourselves as a collective unit lived the Serbrought to a boil, the frog is so un- mon on the Mount. Volumes of conscious of the gradual change that on a pioneer journey, or at least theology have been written on select your traveling compan- theories of the birth and the it is boiled to death when at any ions. moment it might have jumped out. So death of Jesus Christ and the it is with many people. I meet scores The New Frontier of them so unaware of any change in bloodiest wars of all history have conditions, so obstinately unwilling to Pioneering is easily the key- been waged in the name of the admit that there is any change that, word of the day, but without its Prince of Peace, born of a virgin as they die peacefully in their minds, old connotations of covered wag- and dying as an atonement for their work dies imperceptibly in sym- human sin – forgetting most of pathy.

If our readers have reason to ons, camp fires, wilderness perils that Life which lay between the suspect that they are biped frogs, and log homes hewn out of the two goal posts and which, alone. gives validity to all theology and it is high time to do a little jump- forest. However in this shift all endeavor in His name. Let us ing, for the water is coming to a from geography to the realm of begin to take Him seriously and boil very rapidly. Basic needs human thought and endeavor we act as if His work were the and the fundamental verities have not been the gainers in the greatest thing in the world. with which to meet them are un- matter of perils or strenuous en- This will necessarily enlist us changed and unchanging.. but among the missionary pioneers. the thought patterns and the deavor; for the obstacles of the old frontier were but foothills modes of operation must change compared with the well-nigh in- Missions the Prime Endeavor because they are the necessary surmountable ones we now face mutations of advance. Any be- among social conditions, racial Just here lies, for some of us, lief, any enterprise which can- prejudices, class antagonisms, one of those mutations incidental not or should not be changed (by foreign folk so stultified in their to advance. "Go ye into all the enlargement or otherwise) is new nationalism that they resent world" has all the timeless urge dead: theology, missions, the Christianity and the messengers of an unchanging necessity back Church are no exceptions. It is who bring it. While it is a new, of it-but not, for many in the futile to sigh for "the good old regirded, recommissioned type younger generation, as primarily days." Look and work rather of pioneering to which religious obedience to a command (though for the better ones. No small leaders and the writers of the that may later approve itself as [47 ] a changeless verity also), but of missionary endeavor. Thus our sired pUblication) is convincing. rather as that more fundamental purpose to obey His commands will It is fine "sales talk" if backed urge toward sharing what we be deepened and intensified and our by "the goods." The sampling have reason to know is the high- interest in missions will become posiest revelation ever given by God tive rather than passive. . . . Our process is illustrated by an acto man. The non-Christian cul- magazine introduces us to and ac- count in Women and Missions of tures have much that is fine and quaints us with our missionaries. a successful literature meeting worth Christian consideration: · . . After we have come to know last spring in a Denver Presbybut anyone who claims that any them personally from reading the acpagan religion fits human need counts of their work, we not only terian church: as does that taught and practiced pray more effectively in a subjective by Jesus Christ is simply igno- way but our prayers take on objec- "Read the End Yourself." First, 10 rant of the facts, and should be tive force as well. We find ourselves members gave brief and interesting sent for a lengthy sojourn in an writing a letter, sending a bit of a papers on "The Negro Since the Civil oriental land or even in a church- gift perhaps, remembering that the War" and "Outstanding Negro Womless community under the Stars giving of a definite part of our in- en." When they had finished half a and Stripes. The evangel of the come is one of the ways we can go to dozen women jumped to their feet and Great Commission applies not the uttermost parts of the world. quoted articles in Women and Misso much to geography as to every sions, each starting her story and phase of human existence, not It is an indisputable fact that the then stopping short in an interesting forgetting the frontiers of a war- missionary-minded church is a vital, place and finishing with "But you less world and a social order dynamic church. . . . It is likewise must read it for yourself and see how without competitive antagonisms true that a missionary-minded Chris- it comes out." (Several of these or liquor-born crime. Let no one tian becomes a spiritual power in his "spontaneous" remarks were prearpersuade you that missions have circle of influence. A Christian who ranged.) Subscriptions to the magahad their day. Their need is reads eagerly his missionary maga- zine were received at the close. At timeless. zine, who comes to feel that he is a the same meeting the Year Book of coworker with God, is one who never Prayer was stressed and the society Equipment for Pioneering yields to discouragement. . . . Even went over the top in the sale of that. more than that, such contacts with the So much has been said in this great ones of earth give me the con- Samples on a larger scale are Department about mission study, sciousness of my own spiritual need furnished by a meeting in which the necessity for a church mis- and drive me back to God who re- a synthetic program affords a sionary committee for compre- kindles my own spiritual fires. mosaic of best features from hensive planning, coordinating past issues of a given magazine and activating, the annual hold- When growth stops, decay begins. or is built entirely from features ing of a school of missions or · . . How does the missionary maga- in the issue of the current month. "world friendship" which shall zine aid in spiritual growth? . . . As An illustration of the former reach every department of the food, exercise, warmth are the impor- may be found in the article on Sunday school and church life, tant factors in physical growth, it (the "The Silver Anniversary of Misthe maintenance of a circulating magazine) supplies all these elements sions Magazine," on p. 241 of library of attractive missionary which are essential to growth along THE REVIEW of May, 1935. The books, the adoption of definite spiritual lines. . . . In the magazine latter might be exemplified in the field projects to obviate the evap- we see Bible facts and truths at work following outline constructed oration of emotion aroused by in- in the lives of men and women, ac- from the October issue of THE formation into mere sentiment, complishing things for God's King- REVIEW and adapted from a proetc., that it seems unnecessary to dom, effective in the lives of believers. gram actually used that month do more than mention such mat- · . . These vital facts of missionary by a Baptist women's society: ters. Study, reading, attendance success strengthen us for our task upon good meetings for "arouse- here in the homeland. Setting: Wayside camp of a group ment" are all prime equipment of Christian tourists exploring South devices: but one of the greatest There is one thing that cannot be America with the current study books of these is the thorough reading claimed for the magazine. It has no as guide books. Camp fire, rustic of a standard missionary maga- magical power. A dozen copies scat- benches, trees scattered about (tall zine. tered through the home but unused shrubs in pots), "pup tents" and the will be of no avail. . . . It is difficult U. S. and other Greater American Jesus said, "Go ye into all the world to decide which is the more short- flags as a background. Participants and preach the Gospel to every crea- sighted policy-not to take the mag- seated and, presumably, talking over ture" and we daily pray in His own azine or to take it and fail to read it. the day's experiences. Native speakwords, "Thy Kingdom come, Thy will Therefore we urge-read, digest, as- ers with or without a touch of costume. be done." In our missionary maga- similate, then release for God the new zine we should be able to find ways energy which has been produced. Talks should be mere briefs of the and means whereby we can go into all (The Women's Missionary Magazine text indicated-a few minutes to each the world with this good news, either -United Presbyterian.) and participants strictly held to time in person or by sending our prayers by flashlight signals from a front seat and means. We can pray more sin- A number of artful and enter- in audience. cerely … as we readofothe progress taining devices for stepping up The object of the meeting will be de- the subscription list have ap- feated and the Magazine brought into disrepute if the audience is fatigued peared in this Department from by an over-long presentation. An hour time to time; but intelligent peo- all told is long enough to give to a missionary program. ple are most reliably reached by testimony fro m trustwo.rthy Music should be interspersed among the talks to relieve voice-monotony readers of the publication in and freshen attention. This is very question or by the commercial important. Use "The Missionary lure of "sampling." A testimony Call," p. 470, as solo or quartet to the meeting of brief, pointed state- ments as to "What THE REVIEW has meant to me" (adding or substituting the name of any de-

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

familiar tune; short numbers of char- why should missions be so "sin- dents of 29 colleges and schools acteristic music on some stringed in- gular"-so set-apart, when it is of New Engl~nd enlisted as an. strument such as guitar, mandolin or ukelele, and "America Both North and an integral element in the outcome of just one of the 10 South" (see p. 495) as a close. church's task, to be assumed by. regional conferences on the 1. The Head Scout Speaks (material taken from "The Latin American the recruit as an "of-course" cause and cure of war. It is note- Lands," pp. 455-457, opening the subject and giving both atmosphere and and not a "maybe" obligation? worthy that youth is not content background. Use real map or reproduction of the one on p. 456). "What God (through His Son) merely to form resolutions and 2. Through the Surveyor's Transit hath joined together, let not the memorialize congress. The s e (presumably a report from the surveyor of the party, using material Church put asunder," as it has young folks made arrangements from "Unevangelized Areas of Latin America," pp. 462-464, and a repro- been doing. Especially let mis- not only to study but to take defiduction of the graph on p. 470). sions permeate every department nite steps against compulsory 3. The Doctor D i a g nos e s (the party's medical man adapts the high of the Sunday school. Looking military education and all forms lights of "The Need for the Gospel," pp. 459-461, apparently writing a pre- through the Church School Sup- of war propaganda. Other description at the close). ply catalog of The Westminster nominations have taken similar 4. The Tourists Talk (a few informal moments to relieve the monot- Press recently, the writer noted action. There is no more timely ony, in which items selected from "Our World-Wide Outlook," pp. 500-509, are that instructional and stu d y or important enlistment of piogiven informally, back and forth, as if conversationally spoken as observa- courses on missions extended neers than this. tions of recent features in the tour). from the primary departments Another line which will be pio- 5. Guests in the Southland (introduction of two or three native South through the discussion groups, neering to many good church Americans who give the merest outlines of the corresponding sketches on men's clubs, brotherhoods, fel- folk is the approach to the Jewpp. 491-494, in the first person). lowships, missionary societies, ish problem mapped out in the 6. Why Send Missionaries to South America? (Head scout proposes this ladies' aids and the home depart- study book, "The Jew and the question for discussion as a focus to the foregoing topics and atmosphere, ments, even to the Sunday ser- World Ferment." A set of forceseveral tourists giving points from the editorial of that name, pp. 451, mons by the pastor. In the study ful programs has' been printed 452.) courses which are a part of the by the Women's Missionary So- 7. Close with singing of suggested hymn and prayer for the objective. new program for Christian Edu- ciety of the United Lutheran After the camp presumably breaks up, the leader mentions the source of the cation in the Presbyterian Church, 723 Muhlenberg Buildsubject matter and introduces the librarian who will show his bookshelf church, Unit D takes up the ques- ing, 1228 Spruce St., Philadeland dispose of study books, also take magazine subscriptions, after the serv- tion "Is the Missionary Idea phia, Pa. The monthly topics ice closes. (See "Our Missionary Bookshelf," pp. 510-512). Valid in the Modern World?" considered are: The Heritage of Can you imagine a program more (the basic book selling in paper Israel; They Still Throw Stones; easily arranged or more profitable, provided the parts are not over-long covers at 15 cents) and "endeav- Next Year in Jerusalem, and !l.nd are invariably spoken and not read? You can do this with any copy ors to lead the readers to face the Thy Neighbor, the Jew. Ruling of THE REVIEW. Mix an ounce of consecrated imagination with a pound facts of the present world situa- out a few denominational speof worthful subject matter, then work. tion in its bearing upon King- cifics, these outlines are available "Calling All Pioneers" dom enterprises and lead to a for any denomination, and seJl "Mission Stu d y: Abstract noun, third person, singular fresh appraisal of the Gospel and for five cents each or 40 cents for number, feminine gender, objec~ tive case-object of feminine en~ the Christian life as solutions of the set. Much supplementary deavor in local church." Wrong! Obsolete usage! Parse the term the world problems as well as to material is included. in common gender this year; make it "collective" instead of develop and foster an earnest In the last analysis, our ml:l,in- 1'ingular, including everybody from the beginners in Sunday purpose of cooperation in the stay for successful pioneering is school to the invalid enrolment of the Home Department. And advancement of the Kingdom with the younger generation.

throughout the Church." In- Mrs. Katherine V. Silverthorne, Cluded in the missionary studies writing in Women and Missions, are booklets for leaders as well says: as students, m. s uggugpe sat e dschporooIc0ef- dur t Much is said and written nowadays es f or set about. "Youth Building a New World." missions and for cultivating the Before we dare begin building we must mind for peace, inclusive of "Be- have some new facts about the world yond War-a Program of World and its needs. . . . Missions is not Peace," describing the roots, re- something vaguely religious, set off apart from life or young people's in- sults and remedies for war, and terests. Tie missions into the young an effective dramatization (10 people's and children's programs cents). For further information rather than have it drawn: away as a write to The Westminster Press separate interest. As they plan their year's programs . . . whether the at 216 S. Wabash Ave., Chicago, label "missions" is used or not, they Ill. will come to see if guided aright that Another down to date depart- ttehlelyigecnatnnoatndbuicldonasntryucktiivned opfroagnrainm- ment of endeavor enlisting youth without including the spiritual needs is exemplified in the formation of America as well as those of the in the Presbyterian denomina- world at large, which has become tion of an intercollegiate com- such an interdependent world that we cannot separate the missionary ele- mittee to prevent war, with stu- .' ment out of'it. . . .' The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK IN THE BEGINNING BaTbara Green.

God, the Father of us all, is re- The Teton Mountains, Wyoming, furnish the background for a rural church where sponsible for the beginning of tW() summers ago two young p eople met (or the first time during vacation. This summer life. The Hebrew hymn writer they made their way back to the same little rural church and were married. tells us that "God saw everything that he had made, and, behold it THE RURAL CHURCH TODAY AND TOMORROW was very good." The Home Missions Councils Missions Congress was held in According to John, "in the be- are now in the second five-year 1930. The cooperation of the ginning was the Word – the period of planned cooperative Word became flesh and dwelt advance, under the direction of Washington Fed era t ion of among us, full of grace and the Committee on Planning and truth." That was over 1,900 Strategy, representative of the Churches is assured. New Years ago! constituent Boards. The National Conference on And now-"Please turn over," "The Rural Church Today and the Rural Church is concentrated as is often written at the bottom Tomorrow" was the emphasis in three days of the Annual of a page. New Year 1936 chosen January, 1935, for the Meeting, from January 15-17, inmarks not the beginning of our Annual Meeting program of the clusive. The program will prelives, not the beginning of the Council of Women for Home church, not the beginning of Missions and theHome Missions sent the religious and economic men's fears and hopes and de- Council, to be held January 13mand for new life. On January 17, inclusive, Washington, D. C. situation in rural America, and 1, 1936, most of us, and most of Preparation has been made in ac- the significance of urban-rural our causes were like unto that cordance with the theme and relations. The speakers and. pattern carried into sleep De- place, and the programs are cember 31st or early morning of available. Meetings will be held leaders are from church and the new day, except as we con- at the Calvary Baptist Church state, from "town and gown." sciously turned over the begin- of which the Rev. Dr. W. S. Christian education of young ning of the new day with the re- Abernethy is. pastor. It isthe view of who we are, where we same church where- the Home people and of those older, will be are, .and where we are going. considered. The design for our lives and the [150 ] church is long since determined On Wednesday evening, Janby God the creator, and our response through the years to his uary 16th, in a general session, will for our lives and his purpose for an creation. the conference will consider the subject, "Christian Youth in Ac- WHY? Why? tion in Rural America," to be My tears fall- While the people are wanting food, and starving, Heartless militarists make war upon them! Wandering in the hills are men and women Hunting firewood and praying for peace. Do the militarists know these gentle hearts?

-ToyohikoKagawa.

BULLETIN OF THE COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS

presented by young people them- happen, however, that she and ness friends who. will do more selves. The guest speaker for her family and many others like than be sorry for her. She needs the evening will be Daniel Pol- her are suffering from social in- "open doors" to life's best gifts. ing, Jr., pastor of the Presby- justice of long standing. terian Church of Bedford, New Why do we Americans persist York. The young people of Cal- The picture of the Haskell in calling the first Americans vary Baptist Church and of the graduate is given for compari- "Indians," as if they were more Washington Y. W. C. A. are co- son. She is not the grand- alien than Irish, Latin, Dutch, operating in the plans. daughter. She is probably not Swedish, or others of us whose of the same "tribe of Indians." ancestors left a known country The program of Christians for She is the modern girl with for the new land? Their ancesworld peace through work for dreams and hopes, with second- tors gave them a legend of the securing social justice within the ary school education completed, Great Spirit placing them on land and through support of gov- eager for life's best gifts. this beautiful American conernment policies making for "no "What is unusual about that?" tinent. more war" is a dominant interest Nothing unusual- that is the of the church women. The Coun- point. But, she with other In- In connection with s eve n cil of Women for Home Missions dian youth is unusual in her ex- U. S. A. schools which Indian is one of 27 national member or- treme need for honest-to-good- Americans, not resident near ganizations of the Nat ion a 1 standard public high schools, at- Peace Conference, who are at tend, the two national Home Misone in their determination to sions Councils now maintain Reunify peace action. The Council ligious Work Directors. There has been a constituent member are other schools where interdefrom the beginning of the Na- nominational Christian workers tional Committee on the Cause should be preaching and teachand Cure of War, whose Elev- ing "the Good News." In the enth Conference will be held in seven – Riverside, Albuquerque, Washington, D. C., January 21- Santa Fe, Haskell, Flandreau, 24, inclusive. All peace work of Chemawa, and Lac du Flambeau the Council representing 20 na- ~there are more than eighty tional Home Mission Boards in tribes represented among 3,400 U. S. A. and three Canadian students. The boys and girls church women's groups, is based come from homes typifying on the Gospel "of peace on earth every stage in the merging of to men of goodwill" and on the Indian and white cui t u res. conviction that "now is the day United Protestant cooperation of salvation." makes possible a ministry of Christian friendship and leader- FIRST AMERICANS ship training. Americans thus served can be a power in bring- The grandmother with her dog ing "peace on earth through men had supervised the building of of goodwill." the temporary "wickiup" in the Northern Wisconsin woods, and Will you who read this do had placed the huge kettle in the what you can to open doors of center for "sugaring off" time. opportunity for the I n d ian Her children and grandchildren youth? You can secure for five were each assigned a specific cents from the Editor a mimeotask and place. No one entered graphed News Release giving ex- "the wickiup" where the syrup cerpts from the recent reports of was boiling except upon invita- the Religious Work Directors. tion. One of the youngest of the You who observe the World Day grandchildren had his fingers of Prayer (February 28, 1936) rapped when he stuck a long stick of his own finding into the should tell others how this minboiling mass of sugar. The visi- istry is supported financially, tors were given the privilege of and interdenominationally from a taste, and samples of maple year to year by the share in the sugar which had been finished in freewill offerings, and furthered previous boiling. spiritually, by the prayer pre- vailing throughout the land. "What's unusual about that?" Nothing – that is the point! It In the seven schools the Indian just happens that her tent is young people also observe the called a "wickiup" instead of Day of Prayer, and send freewill just plain "tent." It just doesn't gifts for the ministry of others -like the Migrant children, or the children of other lands.

~ Our World–wide Outlook ~I

II ~ A Missionary Newspaper of Current Events ~,==—-=–===========,~ EDITED BY MRS. HENRIETTA H. FERGUSON, XENIA, OHIO "

MISCELLANEOUS what better than that of the mis- ened to the exigencies of the times. For more than a year an sions, due to better living condi- enlarging group of ministers Missionary Meeting At Sea tions. The missionary group has has met for consultation and prayer; between the meetings Last August a novel mission- lower incomes, more exposed oc- prayer has gone up to God for ary meeting was held for Deep cupations and locations, less va- His leading, and for His bless- Sea fishermen on board a mis- cations, and more strenuous ing especially upon all who are sion smack, the "Edward Birk- work. seeking to do His will-that if it beck." Two addresses, with lan- . 6. In general,single persons, were in accord with His will, all tern slides, were given on the especially single men, did not who worship Him in Washing- Uganda Mission. For such' a last long either as bachelors or ton might be led to appeal as one lecture the sea must be fairly as m.issionaries, they left the so- man to those who are forgetting calm, so that the lantern will be ciety early or got married. God. steady, and the time chosen must 7. It is often said that the not interfere with the work of present – generation missionary This group has been joined, the fishermen. The seats were . does not view his work as a work at least in spirit, by practically fish boxes and the smell of fish for life. In recent decades, how- all denominations in the city, by and the oil lantern made it a bit ever, the proportion of life-long fellow Christians of the Roman difficult for the speaker.. After services has been increasing. In Catholic Church, and by Hebrew hearty singing of ','All Hail the the past nine years, ten per cent believers in the God of Abraham, Power of Jesus' Name," the men of all withdrawing women mis- Isaac and Jacob. Thus the peolistened with rapt attention for sionaries, and fifteen per cent of ple of God in Washington are an hour and a half, occasionally the men, had served for forty preparing to appeal with one adding their comments and ask- years or more. voice, as they have never been able to do before, to fellow couning questions. Salvation Army Extension trymen living wit h 0 u t God. -Toilers of the Deep. President Roosevelt has put on record his appreciation of the "Health and Turnover" The Salvation Army is quick- value of this movement. – An- of Missionaries drew R. Reid, in The Christian ening its pace. During the six Observer. In a Medical Missions Bulletin, Dr. E. M. Dodd, of the Presby- years of General Higgins' com- Peniel Community Center terian Foreign Board, U. S. A., quotes from the "Lenox Report" mand it invaded Tanganyika, One of the centers of evanin regard to the "health and gelism in the United States turnover" of missionaries. Belgian Congo, Ashanti, Algeria, which has had a continuous rec- ord of progress is Peniel Com- 1. Looking back over a cen- French G u ian a, Yugoslavia, munity Center, Chicago, an entury, there has been marked de- terprise of the Presbyterian cline in the missionary death Southern China and the Straits Church. It began in an abanrate. Africa shows the highest doned church, from the changrate. Settlements.' It also opened a ing neighborhood of which the members had departed. Now 2. Losses from ill-health are chain of large "Shelters" in there are seventy thousand Jews greater among women, and in the community. During the losses from death are greater seven of the principal capitals of Center's twelve years of history, among men. the work has been enlarged, new Europe, stretching from Riga to buildings erected, and a Chris- 3.' The greatest needs lie in tian influence exerted which has treatment for infectious dis- Rome. In Paris in the last two broken down barriers of prejueases, and neurosis. dice and won many to Christ. years,1,300 beds in 1,000 bed- 4. The highest turnover is re- -Forward. corded for Latin America, pos- rooms represent its capacity insibly due to the scarcity of missionary doctors in these areas. crease iIi this direction. In Great 5. The turnover of career men Britain it is also trying to "take of the diplomatic service is some- the sting out of old age," to its eighteen "eventide homes," with 210 men and 477 women in resi- dence, it plans to add three more shortly. -So S. Tim~s.

. NORTH AMERICA Religious Life in Washington Christian people in the Na- tional capital seem to be awak- [52] Interdenominational ranged for their distribution, the larger circulatioFl of strongly Oonference government providing transpor- evangelical literature. In addi- Between 80 and 100 men and tation. The Bible Society head- tion to its sales, both retail and women from foreign mission quarters in New York specify fields will assemble in Dayton, quantity and destination in re- wholesale, the Association is con- Ohio, January 19 and 20 for sponse to applications from the chaplains, of whom there are stantly sending large quantities what is said to be one of the some 250, army and reserve, each in charge of several camps. of books, booklets, Scripture porlargest of such conferences ever Since the work started in June, held in the country. The meet- 1933, the Society has supplied tions and Gospel tracts to prising is a cooperative program 2,000 camp libraries each with a Bible. At its meeting on August ocncse, hospitals, lumber camps, among all Protestant denomina- 1, the board authorized a further camps, fire stations, lodg- grant of 10,000 Testaments, tions, and for the purpose of ob- making a total of 105,000 Testa- ing houses, mountain and piotaining from people on the field ments so far provided for distrithe real impression and story of bution among the men, besides neer schools, Alaska, French many thousand portions sent in reactions of those countries and response to requests from chap- Louisiana, Latin America, Philnations. Mainly, the program lains. It is required that Testaaims at dispelling fear and prej- ments be given only to those who ippine Islands, India and other wish to use them. udice through learning the atti- needy places for free distribu- -Christian Observer. tude of national leaders abroad. tion. These totaled 3,735,620 The conference is to be na- Southern Presbyterian Jubilee copies, during the past fiscal tional in scope. Approval of the year. plan and acceptance of the invi- Since July 1st, the Association tation to participate has been received from national heads of has sent its literature to the practically all denominations. teachers of 2,373 mountain schools, upon their request. To these schools no less than 68,934 copies of the Horton edition of the Gospel of John, with helps, have been sent, and a copy of the Pocket Treasury offered to every On the "Up and Up" The Diamond Jubilee of the boy or girl who will read the Southern Presbyterian Church Gospel of John and memorize The Woman's Home Mission- as planned by the General As- the nine verses listed under ary Society of the Methodist sembly is intended to be a great "God's Plan for Saving Sinners." Episcopal Church reports 12,983 forward m 0 v e men t in the More than 4,000 Pocket Treasorganizations with a member- Church. Daily Bible reading is uries and 1,181 Testaments have ship of 276,325. "We rejoice given an important place in the been thus earned by pupils. A that for the first time in eight Jubilee Year observance. Other total of 12,199,343 pages have years," writes Mrs. DeVinny, been mailed to these mountain corresponding secretary, "we aims put forward are: schools, and there are still 2,100 have a net increase in member- to be supplied. ship of 4,570, also a net gain of 1. To foster a more vital sense of 545 in the number of organiza- the fellowship of Christ and a more Lincoln University tions. ardent desire to do His will. This institution was founded "The treasurer reports re- 2. To develop in individuals and in in 1854, to train missionaries for ceipts of $1,901,243.02, an in- the churches a more fervent and con- Africa and Colored ministers for crease of $505,968.03. This in- stant spirit of evangelism, that the their people in this country. crease was largely due to the Church may not lag in her supreme President William Hallock John- business of winning men to Christ at home and abroad.

3. To lead people into a better splendid personal gifts for build- understanding and more faithful prac- son recently received a letter tice of Christian stewardship of life ings. The total for buildings and possessions. from the Rev. Joel D. Mbengowas $221,733.21." . Nyangi, '13, from East London, It is hoped that a hundred -Christian Advocate. thousand tithers may be enrolled South Africa, in which he says: and a thank-offering of half a "It is gratifying to know that Bibles for 000 Oamps million dollars received. The Lincoln University is getting theme for the Jubilee Year is The American Bible Society "Christ and His Church First." stronger every year. The seed recognized a responsibility and of righteousness sown by good an opportunity when the CCC -Christian Observer. camps were inaugurated in 1933. men of that institution will grow up even in this dark continent of J. E. Yates, chief chaplain at ours." that time, responded gratefully "Ye That Sow Beside All to the Society's offer to supply Waters" A recent study sponsored by the General Education Board Scriptures for camp libraries The Bible Institute Colportage shows that of the Color.ed minisand for men who wanted them. Association of Chicago, founded ters who have the bachelor's de- It was arranged that a stock of by D. L. Moody, celebrated its gree, one-third of them were Bibles and Testaments be main- 40th anniversary last year. The trained at Lincoln University; tained by the Society at Wash- circulation of destructive litera- and of the 150 leading men of ington, under the charge of the ture by religious cults and athe- the race, more were graduated Chief of Chaplains, who ar- istic associations has called for a from Lincoln University. than

from any other single institu- In the City of Mexico a young man C h u r chis now much tion. The University stands lawyer, friend of the Minister of stronger than ten years ago. foursquare for the Gospel. Education, spends fifteen min- utes every morning studying The Protestant Episcopal -The Presbyterian. Moody's "The Way to God" and Church in Cuba has become dis- the New Testament. There have tinctly Cuban, an end toward New Japanese Mission been ingatherings among the In- which Bishop Hulse has worked. dians also. In Yucatan, where Three-fourths of the 3,411 com- Portland, Oregon, has a new the Church is mainly Maya In- municants are Cuban. Sermons Japanese Mission under the care dian, twenty-nine new groups for the most part are in Spanish. of Rev. K. W. Nakajo, Protestant have been formed, and the total The number of Cuban ministers Episcopal minister ordained in membership is now four thou- has increased almost twofold. July, 1935. He has been work- sand. There are nearly 3,700 Sunday ing among Japanese in Utah. school pupils. What One Christian Twenty-five or thirty adults Accomplished -The Living Church. are connected with the new mission, and as many children. Bartolo is in the coffee-grow- Clergy Banned from Ecuador ing section of the Lares Moun- Mission Force Reduced tains in Puerto Rico. Years ago Within six months from Oc- the Gospel was preached there, tober 16, all foreign clergymen The United Church of Canada but because of economies and re- must cease their activities in has been obliged to make drastic ductions in budgets, work was Ecuador, in accordance with a readjustments on the mission discontinued. The place became decree promulgated by President field, because of progressive noted for lawlessness and hor- Federico Paez. The decree folshrinkage in income at home. rible crimes. lowed one which nationalized The board decided to recall from church property. Churches and the fields about 60 persons rep- A Christian moved into a other buildings, designed for resenting missionary homes. In large farmhouse near the com~ public worship and built by pubsome cases this may imperil the munity and began to hold meet- lic subscription on privately future resumption of the work ings in his home, since there was owned lands, become State propshould the civil authorities, ac- no church. To his surprise erty, according to the terms of cording to their laws, take over crowds began to attend, until he the presidential decree. The the mission property for use by had to send an appeal to a Sup- buildings will not be subject to the nation. As soon as news of day school missionary. taxes and cannot be mortgaged this decision began to reach the or sold. -The Living Church. congregations, a marked in- "Come quickly with your crease in the daily receipts at the tent," he wrote. Mter the mis- Among Nicaraguan Indians foreign missionary offices was sionary had spent 15 days in noted. evangelistic services, the 103 The Moravian Church main- who confessed Christ wanted a tains a mission to Indians in Nic- LATIN AMERICA chapel. A prominent man gave aragua. One feature of the work the site; and today the Bartolo is an annual school for evan- More About Mexico people are sacrificing ollt of their gelists, usually held at Bilwask- poverty to build a place of wor- arma. Each "catechist" has According to Rev. Bancroft ship. charge of the work in a village Reifsnyder, there are more op- or a group of villages, under the portunities than ever for mis- Protestants in Cuba superintendence of an ordained sionary work in M e x i c o. minister. In villages where Churches and ministers all over The bishop of Cuba, Rt. Rev. there is no officially appointed the country are making plans Hiram R. Hulse, affirms that catechist are helpers who voland carrying them out. When Protestant missionary work has untarily keep up regular Sunday the Government a few months had a noticeable effect on the services, although they do not ago, in cutting a new boulevard Roman Catholic Church. Cath- give instruction to candidates in Mexico City, was obliged to olic bishops, suddenly realizing for baptism, nor are they retake over the Presbyterian what co u 1d be accomplished sponsible for day-school work. Church, which has a thousand among the country people, have There are also keen young Chrismembers, it gave in return a now sent priests outside urban tian men who are ready to much better building formerly boundaries. This is especially preach occasionally and assist in occupied by a group of schis- true in the Province of Cama- any other church work which matic Roman Catholics in a bet- giiey, where Spanish padres-have they find to do. It is for all these ter location. The high altar was followed close upon the heels of that the school is held. In 1935, not removed but the images were their Protestant cousins. Often fifty-four men and two women taken out of their niches, and Bishop Hulse receives inquiries were in attendance. At least John 3: 16 placed by the church from officials in the Roman Cath- six languages were heard on the members where the Guadalupe olic Church asking just how he premises. Subjects taught were Virgin had stood for many does it. Partly for this reason, Old Testament History, New years. Bishop Hulse concludes, the Ro-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK &6

Testament Exegesis, Christian ned as one feature of a scheme Gladstone was based upon what Doctrine, Moravian Church His- to evangelize that city. This is he called "the impregnable rock tory, Elementary Homiletics, but a preliminary to a world- of Holy Scripture." Lord Salis- Day-School Methods and Sing- wide evangelistic campaign, and bury was a devout churchman, ing. There were also Medical next March the effort will be ex- and so was Asquith, the Congre- tended to provincial centers and gationalist; Balfour, MacDon- Lectures. The contrast between the afterward overseas. Dr. Thomas ald and Bonar Law, the Presbypresent and 30 years ago is Cochrane, the president of the terians; Lloyd George, the Bap- striking. Then there was only movement, said that the coun- tist and Stanley Baldwin, the one Indian young man who was tries which had sent mission- Anglican of Methodist ancestry, even trying to lead a decent aries abroad were now them- who, in outspoken fashion, con- moral life : today there are many selves in danger of becoming fesses that without the Bible, he young men who are keen, pagan, and it was therefore ur- would be hard pressed by the straight-living Christians, and gently necessary to seek a re- weight of his responsibilities.

thoughtful Bible students. To- vival at home. John Bright, the B r i tis h day there are Christian Indians -The Living Church. Quaker statesman, lifted the ora- who even on business journeys tory of the House of Commons will not let Sunday pass without Oxford Group at Geneva and of the political platform into trying to gather people together the realm of prophecy by his defor a simple service. Some of the strongest repre- votion to the Bible. King George sentatives of the Oxford Group -Moravian Missions. promised his mother, Queen assembled at Geneva when the Alexandra, that he would read Evangelical Trend League of Nations was in ses- the Bible every day, and he Rev. C. Darley Fulton, South- sion, and so managed it that Dr. states that he has kept the ern Presbyterian worker, writes Benes, President of the As- promise.

from Brazil: "I am amazed at sembly, invited his associates to the extent and momentum of the Evangelical Movement in North a luncheon to meet the Groupers Waldensians in the Crisis Brazil. I am confident that the and hear their message. Some committee has little idea of the 400 persons, including represen- Young men of the Waldensian fine work that has been done and tatives of forty-four nations, ac- Church, the oldest Protestant the results that have been at- cepted the invitation. Ethiopians communion in the world, have tained. I had imagined that one and Italians were present. They been drafted to service in Africa. might possibly find as many as heard representatives of this The battalion of Alpine, first to a dozen congregations scattered Christian fellowship make a plea embark, was commanded by a through this vast territory. In- for the settlement of interna- Waldensian, son of a well-known stead I found that there are lit- tional disputes by the method of professor of history. Waldensian erally scores of them, that the Christ, by reason and under- chaplains have not been apchurches and chapels are crowd- standing, absolute honesty, sin- pointed for Africa, but the spired everywhere, the people eager cerity, purity. They did not stop itual needs may be cared for by and enthusiastic and the pros- Mussolini, but they did make a two Waldensian pastors working pects bright for a great develop- great impression on those who with the Swedish Mission in ment of the Church in this area. were present, some of whom had Eritrea. Opportunities are taken never realized the vitality of for the distribution of the New "It is freely recognized that Christian religion when em- Testament and Gospels. the evangelical cause is enjoying bodied in living men and women. a season of great favor in this One man who was present said: The situation in Italy is one of area just now. The stronger "The Oxford Group has given me exceptional gravity for Waldenchurches seem to be conscious of a new faith in the body of Christ, sians; almost every activity is their responsibility for sur- where miracles happen. The faced with the danger of being rounding communities. Prac- Group has given us a new vision closed, and the League's sanctically every organized congre- of the Church as. a living body, tions may eventually make it gation had a number of mission with Christ as the soul – a difficult, even impossible, for points through which it was Church marching, fighting, vic- Protestants outside Italy to send preaching the Gospel." torious." financial help to the Waldensian Church, although no embargo at -Christian Observer. -The Christian Advocate. present is placed upon gifts for religious and humanitarian pur- EUROPE Public Men and the Bible poses. After the present trou- bles are ended, the clerical party World-Wide Campaign for The Watchman – Examiner may come into power, with grave London urges the habit of daily Bible results to the Waldensians.

reading by calling attention to -The Christian.

With the whole-hearted coop- the fact that the Prime Minis- Warning to Nazi Neo-Pagans eration of several hun d red ters of Great Britain, one after churches, fifty campaigns in and the other, have been men of the The Nordic pagan symbol, a around London have been plan- Bible. The entire thinking of silver swastika in the form ofa

sunwheel on a robin's-egg-blue ism is probably only a bargain- were recorded during Mayas field has been subjected to offi- ing point in his controversy with against 4,381 marriages. This cial Nazi "desecration." Alfred the established churches. What revision is directed toward tight- Rosenberg and other recognized really is at stake is the moral ening responsibility of parents neopagans of the Nazi Retch, leadership of the 6,000,000 boys for their children. Indications united in what is known as the and girls in the German Youth multiply that Soviet Russia is Wagnerian Guards, have been Movement. . . . Hitler insists in recognizing the value of the told to cease their propaganda bringing them up under the home to the nation. for the neopagan cult apparently guidance of the swastika." because the propaganda is an- Signs in Germany seem to The Gospel in Siberia tagonizing other nations. Hitler point to a restoration of the priv- Although Soviet Russia tries was said also to have imposed ileges of religion within the to keep her frontier from pene- bans on Teutonic cult-festivals State. The Evangelical Church tration of the Gospel, Christian and on further building of open- Committee, recently created by workers are finding it possible air amphitheaters in Germanic Hans Kerrl, has ordered legal ac- successfully to evade this pro- style where such gatherings tion against Protestant pastors hibition. Agreements have been might be conducted. in Prussia to be stopped. made with sailors on the Sun- German churchmen believe gari River whereby they are in- that Hit I e r 's announcement Russia – Whither Bound? termediaries in this connection. means tliat twilight had set in Steamers from Harbin reaching for the Wagnerian Guards and Many different opinions are that Dr. Alfred Rosenberg's phi- expressed about Russia, Dr. the Amur River visit the wharfs along the Russian coast. There losophy of a German faith with Walter Van Kirk, Secretary of they quietly leave Scripture cop- German gods will no longer be the Department of International tolerated. ies, and there are always plenty Justice and Goodwill of the Fed- of persons eager to read the Hans Kerrl, the Nazi Minister eral Council of the Churches of much prized books. One Red Christ in America, upon his reof Church Affairs, has also is- soldier wrote the radio station, sued the following statement: turn from a recent tour of in- expressing gratitude for the ser- "Reich-Chancellor Hitler, acting vestigation, reports: mon broadcasts and saying there were many religious people in at the wish of Dr. Hjalmar "I have the distinct impres- Schacht (P res ide n t of the ·sion that before very long that the Soviet army, and that often Reichsbank and Economics Min- country will be, in the main, a they have long conversations ·godless and churchless land. upon the question of salvation. ister), has had country and dis- Churches are neglected. They As it is impossible to find a Bible trict leaders advised that 'Hitler have been stripped of their in the place where they are stawill lead the Party along the crosses. Their general appear- tioned, they were very happy path of positive Christianity and not along the false path of anti- · ance is one of desolation. Train- when some frontier sentinels ing for the ministry is strictly discovered a few small-sized Christian doctrine.' " forbidden." The offering at one Holy Scriptures when by chance The Washington Post says: church, visited by Dr. Van Kirk, they visited one of the frontier "Doctor Schacht must have been "consisted of five pieces of black villages. At first the Gospels largely motivated by a concern bread, four green apples and an for the strangling economy of his were thrown under a bench, but country. The connection between egg. Russia is in the business afterwards the soldiers began to of getting rid of religion as well take them out one by one and as Reich Treasury statements and as ecclesiasticism." – read them. They were amazed Reich Druid dances is not so re- by the logical force of the Bible, mote might at first appear. – Watchman-Examiner.

"Dances and all the other rites Divorce Law in Russia and the soldier mentioned above of the Wagnerian Guards, as the says that until he secured a copy neopagans were officially known, The Soviet Government is he had read nothing but atheistic have come .to represent in the changing its laws governing di- literature. AFRICA mind of the world the psycho- vorce, which have been so shnple pathic hysteria which dominates that a man or woman could go to Ethiopia's Black Jews the divorce bureau, signify that Germany today.

"Consciously 0 r otherwise, he or she wanted a divorce, pay a Among the 5,000,000 inhabit- there has developed a disinclina- trifling sum, and leave entirely ants of Emperor Haile Selastion on the part of civilized peo- free from a former life partner. sie's land are 50,000 who call ple everywhere to enter upon Frequently the divorced party themselves "House of Israel."

dealings with a people seriously was completely ignorant of the They claim to be descendants of interested in the worship of step taken. The new law gives Abraham; worship in syna- Wotan." eith!'lr party the right to obtain gogues, keep the Sabbath and ob- Nazi· neopaganism has made a divorce, but registration of the serve a ritual distinctly Jewish. little real progr~ss, ,says the Bos- divorce.can be effective only with The rest of the population call t o n f f e. ~r a" l "d,',-..w ·the}rnpwledge of both: parties…. them Falashes. ' It is generally hfch a d d ed : ' , , "" , " "Hitler's disavowal· of pagan- In Moscow alone 2,040 divorces conceded they are Negroes.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

These are not the only Jews The United Presbyterian Mis- ditions changed more definite whose racial origin must be ques- sion has been very successful organization became necessary. tioned. There are Chinese Jews among the Copts and the Evanand the "Bene Israel" of India; gelical Church has 50,000 mem- -C. M. S. Outlook.

on the Malabar Coast is a group bers, largely recruited from the Faith That Gets Things Done of Black Jews who unmistakably Coptic community. belong to the Negro race. Scat- Malingi and her husband were tered along the Loango Coast of -Blessed Be Egypt. old, and the big tree that stood North Africa is a tribe of Ne- stubbornly in the middle of the groes, called by their neighbors Dugald Campbell Crosses bit of land they wanted for their J udeos, who follow many Jewish Sahara garden was too much for their customs. In New York and old African strength. "I give other American cities there are The National Bible Society of up," said the husband, and went synagogues of Black Jews. Scotland has published letters back to the house leaving the from Mr. Dugald Campbell, the gardening, which is woman's Though Jews of today claim Society's agent who recently work, to his wife. to be nonproselyting, there have crossed the Sahara. He has piobeen periods in the past when neered his way through hitherto Malingi looked at the tree, and Judaism was aggressively mis- absolutely untouched peoples, go- looked at the big stretch of sionary. Christ referred to this ing from oasis to oasis, and in ground which she might use if when He declared of the zealots his six months' journey he had it weren't there. "Didn't our of His day: "Ye compass sea circulated many thousands of Lord say if we had faith we and land to make one proselyte." Scriptures, and had established could move mountains ?" she said contacts with desert dwellers of to herself. "I'm going to move -Our Jewish Neighbors. Berber, Arab and Tuareg races. that tree!"

The Copts Today He had at last arrived at Taman- Back to the house she went rasset, 4,700 feet above the sea, and brought coals from the The Italo-Ethiopian conflict where the temperature was cool. hearth fire. She laid them at prompts a word about the Copts The king of the Tuaregs had wel- the base of the tree, chopping of today. Those in Egypt and comed him cordially. He had al- out a little hole with her cutlass in Ethiopia are closely related, most died of heat and thirst in so that the fire would get a start. and in spite of age-old enmity of the desert. The temperature It was a big tree, and it didn't Mohammedans, one sees the was 1200 in the shade, and all burn all at once, but little by strange spectacle of Moham- the water he discovered was salt. little as she worked at it it medans and Copts openly united yielded. Now it lies on the in their desire to aid the Chris- -The Christian. ground, like all the others that tian nation of Ethiopia. Such Two Jubilees Malingi has brought down' to an unusual gesture may be sus- make her garden. "The Lord pected of having a political mo- The C. M. S. will celebrate two gave me my garden, because I tive. jubilees in 1936 -the diamond took His promises as he gave The Copts at present number jubilee of the Uganda Mission them to me," Malingi says. -Presbyterian Pastors' nearly one million, one-fifteenth and the golden jubilee of the . News.

of the total Moslem and Chris- Gleaners' Union, which in 1891 tian population of Egypt, and are became the Missionary Service an important minority. They League. Its chief aim has been WESTERN ASIA cherish a bitter hatred toward not to collect money, but to stir New Social Ideals other Christians, outdoing Mos- Christian people with a new vilems in this respect. Their fa- sion of the work overseas as "a A social experiment is being naticism has led them to offer great and holy cause demanding tried at Kayseri, Turkey, by open opposition in many places and deserving a front place in common accord the dirtiest town to the work of Protestant mis- the Church's thought." From the in Anatolia, despite the prover- sions and churches, but over beginning the emphasis of the 'bial shrewdness of its 40,000 in- against this are some encour- Gleaners' Union was on fellow- habitants. A state-owned settle- aging facts. Many Coptic priests ship rather than organization; ment has been created on factory are open-minded and enlightened in fact its simple form was de- grounds where workmen will be and the rank and file are reading vised by Dr. Stock to meet the given opportunity to practice all Christian literature. In the objection expressed by clergy sorts of sports and games, each Coptic church there are several and lay workers: "We really are under the guidance of some reform movements, especially overdone with organization, es- amateur official, engineer or among the younger men, and pecially C. M. S. organization." foreman. The canteen is on a co- what is more hopeful still is the The object of the Union was operative basis. Extensive build- fact that Coptic church.societies simply to unite in a fellowship of ings for personal housing are in certain place& have begun to personal service the rank and file now being erected and will con- invite missionaries to speak to of . missionary-hearted people. tain up-to-date accommodations.

them. But as the Union grew and con- A cinema, it is e~pected, will be

added. The workers will be in- the calm way in which the wom- as their bodies. To the regular troduced to a standard of living en present took it all, praising af,ternoon service on Sunday we hitherto unknown. But the fac- God for His goodness, for the have added an evening service of tory, not the individual, is the meeting, for His Word, and a free and easy type, with a wall social unit. praying for strength to meet picture to serve as an illustration these calamities bravely and to of the little talk. Each weekday -The Christian Century. be a witness to their neighbors. begins with a prayer service One poor woman whose son is a with the hospital staff, though Palestine Citizenship cripple and husband a lame ped- others are invited. This year we dler, when asked what she would have been delighted beyond A campaign is planned by do when she lost her house, an- words to see three of the staff Zionist leaders to persuade per- swered, "I don't know at all. We become Christians." manent Jewish residents of for- are just trusting God." eign nationalities to adopt Pales- -Neglected Arabia. tine citizenship. Of Palestine's -Missionary Herald. 350,000 Jewish residents, only Ion Keith Falconer Mission 130,000 are Palestine citizens. Progress in Arabia Disease and other obstacles Syrian Orphanage Dr. Paul Harrison writes that have made it difficult to estab- the new hospital at Matrah, lish a missionary footing in On November 11, it was sev- Arabia, is a joy, and that the South Arabia. Fifty years ago enty-five years since the Syrian people show genuine cordiality. Ion Keith Falconer went there Orphanage began its blessed "It has been a particular pleas- as a missionary of the Free work in Jerusalem. At present ure," writes Dr. Harrison, "to Church of Scotland, and two there are 53 European and 37 gain the appreciation and warm years later this scholar missionnative workers who carryon in friendship of the ruling sultan ary died a victim of malignant 4 stations. The mission prepares and to see the hostility of the in- malaria. His work was not in the children under its care for land sheikhs diminish, so that vain-a mission was founded in the most varied pursuits and at opportunities for touring are Sheikh Othman. In spite of disthe same time constitutes a opening in several directions. couragements this mission has strong moral backing for the Our plans for touring miscar- definitely developed. Fifty years Evangelical native Christians. ried, so that the total volume of ago the work was carried on in a The chief settlement in J eru- work is less than last year, hut fifteen feet by twelve which salem is now compelled to move though the numbers treated in served as consulting room and since the part of the city in Matrah are larger. Five thou- dispensary, and accommodated which it stands is being occupied sand patients made 18,000 visits three in-patients. Today there more and more completely by ,to the dispensary. Major opera- are two hospitals – a general Jews. The city administration tions were just over fifty. The hospital with about fifty beds, proposes to convert it into an in- summer was a very trying one and a leper hospital with about dependent Jewish suburb with and the resistance of the people thirty. There are two schools a Jewish city council and mayor. was evidently greatly reduced. for boys, a junior and senior, There have been several cases of and some educational work for The Syrian Orphanage is to tuberculosis applying for treat- girls. There is the nucleus of an move from the northwestern ment. When possible we send orphanage. In 1893 the Keith part of the city to the southern. such cases to India where X-ray Falconer Memorial Church was For the same reason the two is available, and, with it, more built; it has undertaken chap- Kaiserswerth institutions, the constant supervision and better laincy service among troops in girls' orphanage, Talitha Kumi, nursing. For nine out of ten Aden. and the German hospital, have such patients a trip to India is also decided to plant new settle- impossible, and we hope for the Converts to Christianity have ments in the southern part of the time when a small X-ray plant been so few that there are no city. will make us more competent to native Christians available as as- handle them. Practically all our sistants, but the doors into this Armenian Refugees Evicted general surgery is done under closed land are being very slowly spinal anesthesia and the results opened. About ten thousand people have been very satisfactory, so were put out of their homes dur- satisfactory indeed that we feel -E. M. M. S. Quarterly. ing the summer in the Armenian that some of the solutions now Settlement near Aleppo, Syria, in use in Muscat may be worth INDIA AND SIAM the government tearing down publishing. Women and chiltheir shacks or small houses of dren have been coming this year A Difficult Problem sun-dried brick because the own- in much larger numbers, due to ers of the land demanded their the fact that Mrs. Harrison is The so-called Chamar moveproperty. Mrs. John E. Merrill, there to mix their medicines ment is presenting a difficult American Board missionary at with sympathy and interest, and problem. The Chamars are Aleppo, led the last meeting in be a nurse to their souls as well workers in leather. Within the the Bethel Church, also to be past few years they have become torn down, and was amazed at greatly interested in Christian- ity and have eagerly welcomed

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Christian evangelists. No", they Shine on, Lone Star I Thy radiance ready for dedication in less than are seeking baptism in large bright a month. Bricks can be dug and numbers. The que s t ion is dried for nothing; palmyra trees whether to baptize them, and Shall spread o'er all the eastern sky. supply light, strong roof timber then not be able to teach them and a leaf thatch will keep out adequately, so that they may be- This time the poet prevailed. sun and rain for two years. The come communicant church mem- floor is clean sand. This little bers. Last year a large gather- Again in 1862 there was a de- church is only a mile from aning of mission workers and mand that the Mission be aban- other congregation, whose leader Chamars met to discuss the sub- doned, but again ,the decision will go every Sunday and hold a ject. Many groups are eager to was overruled, reenforcements service. -C. M. S. Outlook. have their own church building. were sent, and today there are Workers are adding to their ter- over 110,000 members of Bap- To End Animal Sacrifice ritories, already too large, to get tist churches in that area; in semi-frequent visits to these twenty-eight stations and over A Hindu pundit, Ramchander, people. 300 organized churches. has fasted for more than a month outside the temple at Indian Poverty -Watchman-Examiner. Kalighat, near Calcutta, as a protest against animal sacrifices According to a statistician of Devil Devotees Buy Gospels at the temple. Frantic attempts Gujerat College in Armadabad, are being made by priests of this the latest estimate of the aver- Mallianoor is not a very im- temple to counteract the inage annual income for each per- portant spot in Madras Presi- fluence which the hunger strike son in India is Rs. 58, which dency, except for its annual fes- is exerting among Hindus. Raamounts to 6 cents a day. This tival in honor of a goddess be- bindranath Tagore has appealed is believed to be the lowest lieved to be the head of all devils. to his countrymen in Bengal not among civilized nations. People Most of the devotees are young to turn a deaf ear to the meswho borrow money from Pa- women who begin, as soon as sage of this pundit. thians and other money lenders they arrive, to dance, jump, sometimes pay 150 per cent in- scream and run in fearful fash- -The Living Church. terest per annum. One case is ion, to eat the ashes of burnt cited where a sweeper had bor- corpses, and some hang the en- Christmas At Moulmein rowed Rs. 100 from a Pathian, trails of animals about their and in twelve months had paid necks. Without the Camp for October Rs. 150 as interest, yet not a pie sketches the 1934 Christmas at of the principal. To the festival this year came Moulmein L e per Hom e in six missionaries, to share with Burma. The patients began -Duyanodaya. the deluded throng their knowl- three months in advance to pre- edge of Christ. With a large pare for it by practicing scenes In Telugu Field supply of tracts and Gospels they from "Alice in Wonderland" and stood in different centers and "Little Red Riding Hood." The Those familiar with the more told gospel stories appropriate to men manufactured instruments recent history of the Telugu the occasion. They even entered for their Burmese band, even to mass movement know that there the temple with their message. a violin with a horn. Early in were three proposals to abandon In less than two hours they were November they gave a public this mission because all effort sold out of Gospel portions. concert. An offering was taken seemed fruitless. The first was and about $19 realized. This when Mr. Day, founder of the -Bible Society Record. went to the lepers' own Christmission, after the first ten years mas tree and for needed things of service, reported that there A Church for $4.00 for the colony later in the year. were few converts. "We must Gifts came from far and near; close the Mission," said his Far away from any road at mufflers from England, a good Board. "N0, we must send re- Mangulam in Tinnevelly, stands gift from America and another enforcements," said Mr. Day, a 15 shilling (less than $4.00) from India. Tea, coffee, sugar, and his advice prevailed. church. Eighteen feet by nine, milk, shirts. Game boards given it can seat 30 people, but it fills to the wards caused great joy. Again in 1853 the question the present need for there are The boys asked for baseballs and came up again. A poet was only six baptized Christians and bats. The soft indoor balls will present, and so profoundly was 20 inquirers in the village. The be very good for hands that he stirred by the proposals to usual service is a few simple bruise easily. For the whole abandon the Telugu Mission that prayers, and a Scripture lesson home, a hot water heater has he had a vision in his room that read by the only one of the been made and the Hindus of night and dared to become a group who knows one letter from our community are to be responprophet. The next morning the another. One family in the vil- sible for two or three good milk poem was read and it is stated lage has been Christian for many cows. This last gift caused that the whole assembly wept years, and new inquirers have much joy. At the lepers' own when they heard the words: come in as the result of a visit from a preaching band. It was the energetic leader of the band who decided .that they must have a church at once, and it was

gift giving the children gave a streets and preach to the mer- Chinese Peace Prayer pageant of the "Infant Jesus." chants in their little booths. Conference After the pageant, homemade Some say, 'Yes, we have read the Followers of Confucius in gifts, userul and humorous, were little Gospels, the Jesus doctrine China are proposing a World exchanged. A chance visitor seems good, and we will likely Peace Prayer Conference to profrom America was carried away all believe some day.' Others mote "Confucian cosmopolitanwith the genuine joy and good mock and say, 'We have read the ism." The promoters recognize cheer. Jesus Gospels and we read that the menace of the present com- when Jesus was on earth he petition in military training and A Hindu patient came to those worked miracles. Now you show equipment. They have therefore in charge of the pageant and us a miracle and we will believe,' invited their "Great Teacher," said, "I am not a Christian but and when they say that, Pastor, Tvan Szetsun, to give a series of I want a part in celebrating the I am troubled and I don't know lectures on "Confucian Cosmobirth of Jesus." He brought how to answer them." politanism" and to pray for with him little pots filled with world peace. Many high officials incense sticks, and so for the 1 thought a moment and re- of the Chinese military and civil pageant there was incense-not plied, "Well, Mr. Chang, these government – national and local only from the sticks, but the love men know what kind of man you -have endorsed the movement. of a simple heart. were before you became a Chris- The honorary secretary is Sung tian, don't they?" He said, "Oh, Hsien-zong, 862 Boone Road, The Boon Itts yes, they know that I drank and Shanghai. gambled and led an impure life." Pitsanuloke Station, Siam, was So I said, "And they know what Communists Leave a Trail served by Rev. Boon Itt, a man kind of man you have been since of determination and spiritual- you became a Christian?" "Oh, ity, grandson of one of the first yes," he said, "they know I am a Like a horde of wild beasts, Siamese Christians and a grad- very different man now." So I the large army of Soviet commuuate of Williams College and of said, "Well, Mr. Chang, the next nists who were driven out of the Auburn Seminary in the United time one of these men asks you southeastern provinces of China States. His son, Boon Itt, II, to show him a miracle, you say, have moved across country to was educated in Bangkok Chris- 'Look at me. I am a miracle of the far west border and then tian College and at Silliman Uni- Jesus Christ.''' His face lit up. turned north, leaving a trail of versity in the Philippines. On "Why," he said, "I hadn't death and destruction. Missionhis return he took up medical thought of that. But it's true. aries had to evacuate their staservice in a government hospital. I'll tell them that. I am a mir- tions in Kweichow, Yunnan, Later, two years were spent in acle of Jesus Christ." scholarship study in America. western Szechwan and western Kansu. The workers of one He was in line for notable ad- Concentrate on Christianity C. I. M. station crawled on hands vancement. Then God spoke to him and he heeded the call to The American Board reports and knees up on the city wall, Pitsanuloke to take charge of that the heads of several villages medical work under the Church in the Paotingfu area invited then dropped over and crawled of Christ in Siam. So Dr. Boon Dr. Samuel H. Leger, Secretary out of sight. Unspeakable atroc- Itt takes up the work his father of Religious ';Education for the ities were committed. From one laid down. Tiny Boon Itt, III, Church of Christ in China, and community it was reported that completes the family group. a missionary: to speak to them the Reds rounded up all the on the different religious and young men they could catch and -The Christian Century. moral teachings. Before he be- asked them how many would like gan, however, one of the village to join the "movement." Out of CHINA gentry remarked, "We really fear a number signified their willingness to join up. Then A Modern Miracle know a good deal about Bud- these "volunteers" were com- dhism and the moral teachings manded to slay their neighbors The U'(I,ited Church Record of of Confucius. What we do not who preferred' to remain at Toronto gives an example of a know enough about is Christian- home. modern miracle, and its use as ity. I think we had better ask an answer to argument. The in- Dr. Leger to spend his time on Missionaries in Kweichow, cident is told by a missionary of Christianity." He did! – And Yunnan and parts of Szechwan the United Church of Canada. every day the gentry and head- are now back in their stations seeking to comfort the hearts of One day in Hamheung, Elder men came to hear him. When it their little flocks who suffered so Chang was calling on me, and he was all over these villagers in- terribly, and gather up the broken pieces for a fresh start. said, "Pastor, there is something vited a Christian teacher to their The latest word reports these that troubles me." I said, "What school, and hired Miss Chang hordes as converging toward the is that, Elder Chang?" He said, from the Paotingfu Bible School southern part of Kansu. Per- "In my spare time I go down the to work among them. sons familiar with that section

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

are wondering what will happen not only to bring ,these men to members," 60, 70, even 90 years when they attempt to pass Christ, but to help them to be de- of age. They may be seen every through the territory inhabited livered from besetting tempta- afternoon at two o'clock, aslargely by Mohammedans, who tion. The nation's leaders are sembling at their own tile roofed· are not of the sort to tolerate an sorely perplexed with problems building near the West Gate invasion by communists or any of character building, relations Presbyterian Church. The only one else. between parents and children object of their Association is to and the like; and those who are pray, and they call their build- -Moody Institute Monthly. seriously concerned about the ing the "Old People's House of moral and ethical tendencies in Prayer." Moslem Union in Manchukuo Japan are anxious to find out the best and most effective way for Some months ago Mr. Chang The Moslem World announces the guidance of the younger gen- Shup, 81-year-old chairman of a Moslem Union in Manchuria, eration. They are kindly dis- the Association, said to Prof. M. composed of nearly 600 Moslems, posed toward Christianity. W. Oh: "We cannot forget Mr. including I n d ian s, Tartars, R. J. Thomas, his preaching and Turks and Japanese. The aim is -The Living Church. his martyrdom, and want to do to preach the Koran in the Far something in his memory. We East. The headquarters of the Kagawa's New Novel prayed for a long time about this. Union is in Tokyo. Moslem Eventually God told us to build a mosques and schools are being The first instalment of Kag- preaching boat to be called "Margradually set up in Tokyo, Kobe awa's long anticipated novel, tyr Thomas" to preach the Gosand other cities in Japan, for "Christ," has appeared in Kaizo, pel to boatmen on the Taidong which land has been given free a secular magazine of liberal and River. We never heard of anyby the Government, who is also intellectual inclination. The one trying to preach to them. providing teachers and paying story starts with the coming of Weare old and weak physically, their salaries. It is estimated John's disciples for the Bap- but we cannot sit still. We dethat there are 17,000 members tist's body, and plunges quickly cided to raise money for the of this Union in the Far East. into the incidents of Jesus' early boat. It will seat about 50, and ministry, as seen through orien- cost 600 yen. I am sure God JAPAN tal eyes. will bless this small work of His 'old children' in Pyengyang." Anglican Opportunities They Wanted a Christian Funeral -Korea Mission Field. The Anglican Church in Japan has 11 bishops, 400 clergy and A young Japanese pastor was ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC lay workers, and about 20,000 called to an isolated village communicants. This is the out- where lived a lone Christian Silliman University Attacked growth of 70 years' effort on the mother. Her baby had died and part of churches in England, the she wanted a Christian funeral. Silliman University is under United States and Canada. The As the pastor entered the door heavy fire from Catholic forces Japanese Church has not yet the grandmother said, "I want a in the Philippines. The opening reached complete autonomy. Buddhist funeral. That's what gun was fired in these words: we are used to here." Kneeling, The Brotherhood of St. An- the mother pleaded, "Please stay. After noting the activities of Protdrew has recently been revived I want a Christian funeral for estant schools, and their methods of in Japan, and finds abundant op- my baby." "Of course I'll stay," destroying the faith of young men and portunity for putting its motto, responded the minister. After women, we remind the parents that "Prayer and Service," into effect. it was all over the grandmother they are under obligation not to send Some forty years ago when suddenly said. "I want you to their children to the aforementioned young men were graduating come and give me a Christian schools, with this warning that they from Christian Mission Schools, funeral." "Bless your heart, are amenable to punishment as folgovernment offices and chief Grandma," laughed the young lows: "Parents and guardians, who, business and banking houses minister, "you have many happy by their own free will, send their chilwere closed to them. They had years of life ahead of you." dren to the schools where non-Catholic to trust only in their own sheer "Well, then," she insisted, "come religion is taught, are amenable to exability. In these days, however, and teach me to live a Christian communication, which right is redanger lies in just the other way. life." He promised to visit her served in the hands of the Bishop They are employed by some busi- once a month. This body also reminds the cure of ness and banking firms simply their duty to refuse the sacraments to by virtue of their being Chris- -Overseas News. those parents and guardians who do tians. However, when they are not endeavor to avoid the danger of brought in contact with non- Preaching Boat in Korea losing the faith of their children and Christian men who work in the wards." same office, temptation gathers Pyengyang has an "Old Men's its tremendous force. The duty Association," formed six years This was added as a sort of of the Brotherhood workers is ago. There are now over 100 postscript : And perhaps the parents will ask this question, "To what schools the Catholic children should not go?"

(A) "Silliman Institute." .

The University· waited . to Bible into Tahitian was cele- ago. Colonial authorities never watch the effect on attendance. brated in December in all Prot- allowed a mission to start work When classes opened the enrol- estant churches in the South there, but now there are a num- ment was 150 more than last Seas. ber of churches consisting of year. At the 34th anniversary The end of his 22 years of Batak immigrants.

celebration in Aug u s t, 140 labor on the project was signal- Amboinese Christians are in alumni were present for the va- ized by Henry Nott, one of the somewhat similar conditions to rious activities. Never in the great South Seas missionaries, the Bataks. Their native islands history of the school has there in a letter to the London Mis- cannot hold them, and for many been such a group gathered at sionary Society late in December, years they have been spreading one time. At the banquet, the 1835, with the words: "You will all over the archipelago, being mayor of Dumaguete, the gov- be pleased to hear that on the employed as government officials, ernor of the province and the 18th of December last, at half soldiers, police, etc. Everywhere representative of the district in past 1 0'clock, I finished the they cling to their faith, and in the legislature spoke in glowing translation of the Bible into the some cases have been the means terms of Silliman, and apologeti- Tahitian language." of spreading the Gospel among cally for the rabid attacks. Nott made his translation not non-Christian tribes. The latest -Philippine Presbyterian. only from the English but also instance is in the island of Bali, from Hebrew and Greek sources. on which attention has lately One X-Ray for a Million He arrived at Tahiti in 1797 been focused. -Malaysia Message. Milwaukee Mission Hospital, aboard the Duff, first missionary Legaspi, P. 1., is rejoicing in the ship sent out by the London Mis- A New Hebrides Martyr sionary Society, and remained at installation of an up-to-date his post until his death in 1844. The John G. Paton Mission in X-ray unit which will do all In four years the missionary had the New Hebrides has suffered mastered the native language a severe setback at one of its kinds of radiography, fluoro- sufficiently to make his first pub- stations, opened two years ago lic address to the Tahitians in among the cannibals of North scopic examinations, and surface their own tongue. Nott's body is Malekula. For more than forty and intermediate therapy treat- buried near the royal tombs in years missionaries have sought ments. Since it is the only X-ray the district of Arue. to gain entrance there, but the power of the ancestral chiefs between Legaspi and Manila it Missionary Aeroplane was so great that not until two years ago were they able to settle must serve over a million people. The Neuendettelsau Mission Apon, a native teacher, in one of in Dutch New Guinea uses for its the villages. It was a position During a ten-day agricultural work an aeroplane, named the of great danger, requiring in- "Papua" which has been in use finite tact, but through sheer and commercial carnival and this past year. Up to June it strength of character Apon suc- had made 145 flights in 107 fly- ceeded in gaining the goodwill of fair, free fluoroscopic examina- ing hours and had carried 258 the savage tribesmen, and nine tions were offered, and 1,734 per- passengers and 16,000 kgs. of converts were won. Then trousons took advantage of the offer. freight. From now on it is to fly ble arose from the recruitment every Tuesday to one of the three of native women for plantation All were intensely interested in inland stations, Ega, Ogelbeng w 0 r k. Infuriated husbands finding out whether or not they and the American station, Kero- started a vendetta not only wagi. The main purpose of these against whites, but all who were had tuberculosis. Many came out Tuesday flights is to carry pro- friendly with whites. Apon was of the room with glad faces and visions. at once marked down as a victim. a joyful "0. K." on their lips for One day when returning home their waiting companions. Those Batak Christians after his morning's visitation he was shot down from behind by who were asked to wait for fur- Because their own country is a savage, although personally re- over populated, the younger gen- spected. ther advice did not look so eration of Batak Christians is happy, but all were grateful for spreading all over adjacent In his short period of service the help. Records show that 30 areas; even in the largest towns Apon had made a beginning of a of Sumatra and Java there are Christian village. With the. conper cent of all deaths in the Batak settlements, and every- verts he had planted hundreds of Islands are due to TB. A spe- where they found their own coconuts, had introduced new churches. There are colonies of kinds of fruit, and was looking cial effort was made during the free X-ray clinics to distribute tracts and h e a I t h pamphlets. Many were the discussions overheard as to spiritual things. Said one young woman: "My husband and I have long been seeking just what we now find in the Christian religion, but we never knew where to find it before."

-Philippine Presbyterian.

Tahitian Bible Centenary Batak Christians in the Atjeh forward to a life of usefulness in territory, whose inhabitants are the service of the Master. His The centenary of the comple- considered the most fanatical death has scattered the little tion of the translation of the Muslims of the whole archipel- flock. -The Christian.

Missionary

I Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information ~'I===-=—=-=-=—-=–=–=~==~—-==-~=—=~ The Netherlands Indies. By Joh. tion of this island world, a sketch and the numerous appendices, Rauws, H. Kraemer, F. J. F. Van of its history, and of the dawn Hasselt and N. A. C. Slotemaker de of missionary interest in Hol- including one on Bible transla- Bruine. World Dominion Press, land. This is followed by an il- New York City, 1935. 186 pp. 58. luminating chapter on Culture, tions for this vast area. The net. Politics, and Religion by Dr. H. Kraemer. He describes the Is- five maps are large and well At last we have an adequate lamic and Animistic background and accurate account in English in which Christianity has had its printed. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER. of that part of the great mission- conquests. Today nearly one and ary enterprise hitherto shrouded a half million natives belong to Rivalries in Ethiopia. By Elizabeth in the mists of reports, manuals the Protestant Church. The P. MacCallum. Introduction by and monographs in the Dutch number of Pagans is rapidly de- Newton D. Baker. 8 yo. 64 pp. and German languages. It is as- creasing and a real impact has 50 cents. World Peace Foundation. tounding that we have English been made on Islam. In no other New York. 1935. biography of Nommensen the field are there so many Moslem great pioneer of Sumatra and converts. This is a little book of facts that the extraordinary success of touching on Ethiopia and the the work among the Bataks is Weare told that in Java Italian invasion. It contains a almost a closed chapter to those "every year the number of Jav- small sketch map to show the reotherwise well-informed on mis- anese Christians by conversion lation of Ethiopia to the sursions. There are probably 41,- from Islam is increasing by rounding Italian, British and 718,000 people on the one island many hundreds. Forty thousand French interests. Miss Macof Java, nearly all Moslems, a in the midst of forty million Callum seeks to be impartial in density of population without Moslems is, however, a very her statements, showing the imparallel (817 to the square mile) small number. Yet Java as a portance of this "bone of conand that among them Christian mission field is an exception tention" and the history of missions count 67,346 converts. among the Moslem countries of treaties that affect the country's The oldest and most successful the world. In central and eastern fate. Italy covets this "Naboth's of missions in this area is that in Java wherever well planned mis- Vineyard" and has determined Sumatra where there is a self- sionary work is undertaken re- to take it by force. Ethiopia, supporting Christian church of sults are sure to follow. The rea- Britain and France object. The over 300,000 members. Thirteen son for this exceptional situation League of Nations covenants are years ago it was our privilege to in a Moslem country is that only flouted by Italy who is losing visit the Dutch East Indies and the north coast and the western prestige and seems to care nothlearn something of the marvel- part of Java are consciously and ing for the consequences to other lous work of God's Spirit among tenaciously attached to Islam. nations. primitive tribes in Sumatra and The remainder of the country is among the Moslems of Java. still in process of Islamization. The book is readable and in- The old Javanese heritage and forming on a subject of present- This is one of the best surveys the innate Javanese psychology day interest. yet published by the World Do- make the people more openminion Movement. It is a com- minded to spiritual forces of dif- Christian Youth in Action. By Frank posite picture by two mission- ferent origin than is usual in W. Herriott. 8 yo. 169 pp. $1.00, aries and two administrators. Moslem countries." cloth; 60 cents, paper. Friendship Apparently much of the material Press. New York. 1935. was translated from the Dutch A description of the work of language and is not without oc- thirty-seven Protestant societies The youth movement of today casional error due to lack of and eleven Roman Catholic or- is not quite so insistent on its knowledge of Dutch ecclesias- ganizations and orders is crowd- "divine rights" as it was ten tical terms. In ten chapters we ed into these significant chapters years ago but the youth must have first a geographical descrip- still be reckoned with. They must be helped to establish true standards and reach Christ's ideals. Dr. Herriott has had twenty years' experience with youth-in the pastorate, during the War and in Y. M. C. A. work.

Any of the books noted in these columns wil1 be sent by the R1VI1W publishers on receipt of price.

[63 ]

He is now Professor of Religious The third volume takes up how also number 3,196,623 in the na- Education and Psychology in to win people to Christ, the prin- tional (Colored) Convention. Union Theological Seminary and ciples and practice of steward- Other denominations inc Iud e at the same time Educational ship and the missionary call. Colored members in their statis- Secretary of the West Side Y. M. tics and have no separate bodies. C. A., New York. Dr. Herriott The fourth volume is, what its This Year Book gives a full re- takes up America's needs – for name implies, brief outline port of ·church Boards and offi- economic betterment, for health- studies of Bible characters in cials, of Negro churches in ier race relationships, for social their historical setting. twenty-two branches, interna- justice, for release from mili- tional organizations, missionary tarism and for a more adequate Each chapter suggests a series work, publication soc i e tie s, religious life. Christian youth of "problems" for review and ex- Negro colleges, the Negro in wants action, rather than talk, to amination and many have black- business and other valuable correct present evils. board outlines. Each volume facts. contains a selected bibliography Next Dr. Herriott shows what in its subject but we are sur- Can God-? 10,000 miles of Miracle Christian young men and young prised to note the omission of in Britain. women are doing and can do to such valuable books as those by meet these needs-in local com- Lawrence, Hoslett, Schauffler, Prove Me Know. 10,000 miles of munities, in national service and J ames, Pease and other recog- Miracle to Moscow. By J. Edwin for world betterment. The sug- nized authorities. Since these Orr. Is. each. Marshall, Morgan gestions are varied and practical studies are put out by the South- & Scott. London. 1935. so that any earnest group of ern Baptist Convention there Christian young people should be can be no question as to their The first v.olume tells how Ed- able to find 'here something to fit conservative viewpoint. They win Orr traveled six times over their abilities and opportunities. are evidently based on wide read- England, Ireland and Wales, wit- Each chapter has references to ing and experience. nessing for Christ, and living by recent books and articles for faith. He tells here the story of further study. The whole study Cooperation and the World Mission. answered prayer. It is told is practical and social rather By John R. Mott. 79 pp. $1.00. simply and to the glory of God. than spiritual in its ideals but it International Missionary Council. presents effectively the call for New York. 1935. The second volume tells of a definite service for all who claim similar experience on the con- . to follow Christ in His ministry John Mott's name on the title tinent. The age of miracles is to meet human needs. page of a book is a hallmark of not past. worth. The Christian world has Creative Learning. By J. M, Price learned that he has something to The Basic Beliefs of Jesus. By and J. L. Corzine. 8 vo. 272 pp. say and that he knows how to Bishop Paul B. Kern. 12 mo. 247 say it clearly and effectively. In pp. $2.00. Cokesbury Press. Nash- Old Testament Biographies. By H. this small but important book he ville, Tenn. 1935. W. Tribble, John L. Hill and K. M. summarizes the achievements Yates. 8 vo. 229 pp. and progress of the cooperative The author, a bishop of the movement in missionary work as Methodist Episcopal Church, The Bible and the Bible School. By he has had abundant opportunity South, has given here a study of J. B. Weatherspoon and G. S. Dob- to observe it in his extensive Jesus as revealed in his beliefs bins. 8 vo. 268 pp. travels. It is an authoritative which underlie His life and and valuable compendium and work. Here are set forth His Making the World Christian. By P. heartening to all who hope and character and His conception of E. Burroughs, A. J. Brown and John· pray for unity of planning and the universe; His belief in God I. Freeman. 8 vo. 335 pp. 75 effort in world evangelization. and in ultimate good; His faith cents each. Broadman Press. Nash- in the oneness of the human race ville, Tenn. 1935. ARTHUR J. BROWN. and in universal brotherhood; His view of himself and His rela- These four volumes offer a val- Year Book of Negro Churches. Com- tion to God. These chapters uable course in religious educa- piled by Bishop Riverdy C. Ransom. form a valuable contribution to tion for teaching training classes 1935-1936. Wilberforce University. present-day theological and prac- at home or on the mission field. Wilberforce, Ohio. tical problems. Many will differ They are prepared by teachers from the author in some points~ and are well printed and bound, The first Negro Methodist was as for instance in his view of offered at a very low price. baptized by John Wesley in "election" and "decrees of God" 1758; the African Methodist -yet all earnest and intelligent The first volume takes up ele- Episcopal Church was begun in students will find here much ments in character-building – a Baltimore in 1884. Today they light to correct misunderstand- psychological background – and have a well organized church ings and good material to stim- goes on to deal with the meaning with many educated ministers ulate thought. Bishop Kern has and methods of imparting and and a membership of over 1,200,- combined his liberal Christian receiving knowledge. 000 in three bra n c h e s – the philosophy with his Biblical the- African M. E., the Zion M. E. ology. The second volume is a more and Colored M. E. The Baptists general study of the Bible and the Bible school and shows how to make the best of both.

Books ~bt 1Stng'1S rsU1Stnt1S1S

The Answer of God. Seventieth An- published by niversary of the China Inland Mis- sion. Marshall Broomhall. 93 pp. BIBLE INSTITUTE OF LOS ANGELES China Inland M,ission. London. A monthly Bible Family Magazine with something in it The American College and Univer- for every member of the family circle sity. A Human Fellowship. Charles Franklin Thwing. 244 pp. $2.25. I SSUED for twenty-five years without interruption. THE KING'S BUSI- Macmillan. New York. NESS has consistently represented the best thought of the funda- Bible Stories for Small People. mental Christian churches of the nation. In addition to its Muriel Chalmers and Mary Ent- interesting contributions by leading teachers, evangelists and pastors, wistle. Illus. 12 vol. 60 pp. each. it prints every month several valuable departments, including: An 25 cents each. Thos. Nelson & Sons. International Lesson Commentary, Notes o~ Christian Endeavor, Daily New York. Devotional Readings, Girls' Query Corner, Junior King's Business, and Church Community and State. J. H. Helps for Preachers and Teachers. Trial subscriptions (3 months) 25c; Oldham. Pamphlet. Harpers. New Annual subscriptions $1.50. The following premiums are at present York. avaiJable ,fre~ with annual subscriptions: a teacher's Bible, a copy of Jam1eson s Bible Chart, or a copy of Objects that Talk and Teach, con- Ethiopia-A Pawn in European Di- plomacy. Ernest Wrok. 354 pp. taining 52 new and interesting object lessons. The supply of each of $2.50. Macmillan. New York. these premiums is limited, so order at once.

Ethiopia in the Light of Prophecy. Address: L. Sale-Harrison. 29 pp. 20 cents. Evangelical Press. Harrisburg, Pa. mbt i{ing'5 j'Su5int55 Jeremiah. With Explanatory Notes 558 South Hope Street Los Angeles, California and Paraphrases. E. H. Broadbent. 284 pp. 4s. Pickering & Inglis. Sex and Temperament in Three Prim- Obituary Notes London. itive Societies. Margaret Mead. 335 pp. $3.00. William Morrow. (Continued from 2d cover.) The Love Life. W. Graham Scroggie. New York. 96 pp. 1s. Pickering & Inglis. Egypt at the time of Dr. Hockman's London. Tracts for the Times. 1. Why Chris- death. He was a popular and efficient tian Missions? E. H. Jeffs. 2. Un- missionary, devoting his life sacri- Ralph Norton and the Belgian Gos- dying Flame, McEwan Lawson. 3. fieally to help the Ethiopians in both pel Mission. Edith F. Norton. Are Missions Up to Date? A. V. peace and in war. 253 pp. $2.00. Revell. New York. Murray. 4. Cmsar or Christ? B. C. Plowright. 5. Seeing, We Perceive *** Religion in the Republic of Mexico. Not, D. W. Langridge. 6. What G. Baez Camargo, Kenneth G. God Is Doing About It, C. North- The Rev. Sumner R. Vinton, for- Grubb. 165 pp. 5s. World Do- cott. 7. What Right Have We to merly a Baptist missionary born of minion Press. London. Go? H. Partington. 8. Can a Man missionary parents in Rangoon, Bur- Save Himself? E. J. Price. Each ma, died at his home in Roselle, New Rockefeller Foundation. Annual Re- about 24 pp. 4d. each. Livingstone Jersey, on November 26th. Mr. Vin- port. 407 pp. Rockefeller Founda- Press. London. ton was 61 years of age and after his tion. New York. return to America helped to promote Cosmic Christianity. Leon H. Bar- missionary and welfare work through The Shadow and the Substance. Sir nett. 45 pp. $1.00. Revell. New photography. He was for some years Arthur Blackwood. 124 pp. 1s. York. in charge of the photograph publicity Pickering & Inglis. London. department of the Golden Rule Foun- The Great Battle and Our Glorious dation. His wife, Nellie Bunker Vin- The Collapse of Cotton Tenancy. Victory. M. Borduin. 23 pp. 25 ton, and a son, S. Brainerd Vinton, Chas. S. Johnson, Edwin R. Embree cents. Zondervan Pub. House. survive him. and W. W. Alexander. 81 pp. Grand Rapids, Mich. University of North Carolina Press. *** Chapel Hill, N. C. The Gist of the Lesson. R. A. Torrey. 156 pp. Revell. New York. Mrs. William G. McClure, who Four Girls and a Fortune. Esther E. went to Siam fifty years ago, died in Enock. 256 pp. 2s. Pickering & Golden Watchwords. Almanac. 40 Chiengmai, Siam, on November 29th. Inglis. London. pp. Marshall, Morgan & Scott. She and her husband, Dr. William G. London. McClure, who died in 1927, were mis- I Go a Fishing. John McMeill. 127 sionaries under the Presbyterian pp. 1s. Pickering & Inglis. Lon- How to Teach Evangelical Chris- Board of Foreign Missions. Mrs. don. tianity. Theo. Hackel, Norman E. McClure was before her marriage Miss Richardson, Klaas Jacob Stratem- Jeannie Henderson. She was born in Keswick Convention Report, 1935. meier. 122 pp. 75 cents, paper; Aughnacley County, Tyrone, Ireland, 271 pp. 2s. 6d. paper; 4s. cloth. $1.25, cloth. Zondervan Pub. House. on April 18, 1863, and came to Amer- Pickering & Inglis. London. Grand Rapids, Mich. ica at the age of four. After grad- uating from Park College she went The Prose Poetry of Su Tungo-P'o. Agnes Weston-The Sailor's Friend. to Siam as the first foreign mission- Cyril Drummond LeGros Clark. Jennie Chappell. 96 pp. 1s. Pick- ary from that college. She became a 280 pp. Kelly & Walsh. Shanghai. ering & Inglis. London. teacher in Bangkok and later went with her husband to Petchaburi where A Historical-Educational Study of What Happens After Death. William she had charge of the Boys' School and the Japan Mission of the Reformed Striker. 226 pp. $1.50. American also directed a Girls' School. Later Church in America. S. W. Ryder. Tract Society. New York. Dr. McClure became principal of the 172 pp. $2.00. Union Theological Bangkok Christian College. Seminary Book Service. New York.

Between Two Centuries: A Study of Four Baptist Mission Fields-As- sam, South India, Bengal-Orissa and South China. 246 pp. $1.00. Judson Press. Philadelphia, Pa. THE MOSLEM WORLD SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, Editor SOME ARTICLES IN THE JANUARY NUMBER January, 1911-1936 ………………………………………. Murray T. Titus Islam in Ethiopia and Eritrea …………………………… Samuel M. Zwemer Evangelism in Iran ……………………………………… John Mark Irwin The Muslim Point of View ……………………………………. Orientalist A Life of Mohammed for Children …………………………… Oscar M. Buck Theology and Philosophy at Teheran University …………….. Walter A. Groves Sacrificial Giving in Iran ……………………………….. Frederick G. Coan The Kansu-Sinkiang Marches …………………………… Harold D. Hayward The Views of a Chinese Moslem …………………………….. Virginia Dacca Mohammed, Seal of the Prophets? ………………… Maulvi Abdu Rahim Nayyar and Edwin E. Calverley Current Topics – Book Reviews – Survey of Periodicals » » SUBSCRIBE NOW « 50 Cents a Copy. $2.00 d Year (postpdid) In combindtion with THE MOSLEM WORLD THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City $3.50 d Year. (Foreign Postdge, 50 Cents) British Asents: MARSHALL, MORGAN" SCOTT, 12 p.lerno.ter Buildinss, London, E. C. Price in Great Britoin, Eight Shillings 8 Yeor, net READ THE COMING ARTICLES By MISSIONARIES, NATIONAL AND TRAVELERS CHANGING ATTITUDES IN IRAN Commodore B. Fisher FROM BONDAGE TO LIBERTY IN CHILE Laura Jorquera CONTACTS WITH MOSLEMS IN ARABIA N. D. Hakken A BLACK MAN WITH A WHITE SOUL • Casa Collier THE FIRE.WALKING FESTIVAL IN INDIA MISSIONS AND MOTION PICTURES • Millicent Moody Samuel King Gam Also Look for the Special Number on Africa and Home Mission Number on Negroes in America Have you sent your subscription for 1936? Send it today and make your yearly volume complete.

Each issue contains valuable hints for "Effective Ways of Working."

THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD Third and Reily Streets, Harrisburg, Pa. $2.50 a YeaT 25 Cents a Copy

The Missionary Review of the World — January 1935

1935

Robert Laws of Livingstonia D. R. Mackenzie Problems and Encouragements Robert E. Speer John R. Mott Robert P. Wilder Robert H. Glover Stephen J. Corey C. Darby Fulton A. C. Snead The Present Situation in Missions Julius Richter New Cooperative Advance at Home Charles E. Schaeffer When a Kurd Becomes a Christian Delavan L. Pierson Mrs. E. E. Olcott-An Appreciation Samuel M. Zwemer

to Remember Obituary Notes widow,Mary Wentworth McConaughy

January 2-4-Annual Meeting, For- The Rev. Henry C. Velte, D.D., two brothers, one of whom is Dr. eign Missions Conference, Garden missionary in India for the past fifty4 David McConaughy, expert on stew- City, N. Y. two years, died at Saharanpur on N0- ardship; by a sister, a daughter and vember 19th. He was a highly hon- January 6-12-Universal Wee k of ored missionary of the Presbyterian two sons, one of whom is Dr. James Prayer. Church, U. S. A., and for 20 years was at the head of Saharanpur Theo- McConaughy, President of Wesleyan January 7-ll-Annual Me e tin g s, logical Seminary. Five years ago he Home Missions Council and Council was elected Moderator of the United University, Middletown, Connecticut. of Women for Home Missions, Phil- Church of Northern India. The situa- adelphia, Pa. tion changed greatly during his mis- The Rev. Al*ber*t * Fulton, D.D., sionary career and Dr. Velte was born January 22-February 16-C 0 r nell in Wertheim, Germany, in 1857, and A. School for Missionaries, Cornell, was educated in Hopkinton, Iowa, and N.Y. McCormick and Princeton Theological for 42 years an honored miSSionary of Seminaries. He is survived by his FLORIDA CHAIN OF MISSIONARY wife Charlotte Haduth Velte and a the Presbyterian Board of Foreign ASSEMBLIES son, the Rev. F. Mowbray Velte, who is a missionary in India. Missions, died on December 10th in For further information, write to Miss B. Louise Woodbud, 930 23d *** Pasadena, California. Dr. Fulton was Ave. N, St. Petersburg, Fla. Mrs. Wallace J. Anderson, a mis- born in Ashland, Ohio, in 1849 and January 26-30-0rlando. sionary of the Presbyterian Church, January 27-30-Deland. died in Seoul, Korea, of peritonitis, after being graduated from Princeton January 30-February I-Palm on November 30th. Mrs. Anderson College and Seminary, was appointed (nee Lillian E. Beede) was born in a missionary to Canton, China, in Beaches. Charleston, Nebraska, and was edu- February 2-7-Miami. cated at Occidental College and the 1879. He was preeminently a pioneer February 7-S-Bradenton. University of California. She went February 7-S-Fort Myers. to Korea as a missionary in 1917 and missionary, est a b lis h i n g many February 9-1S-St. Petersburg. was engaged in educational work in February 10-13-Clearwater. the Girls' Academy and Bible Insti- churches and preaching halls in South February 13-1S-Tampa. tute, Seoul. She is survived by her February 17-19-Lakeland. husband and two young daughters. China. When he went to China there February 17-19-Winter Haven. was strong opposition to Christianity February 19-21-Gainesville. *** and almost no railroads, electricity or February 23-26-Jacksonville. other modern improvements. The Dr. David S. Oyler, former mis- Presbyterian Church is almost the II If you use sionary of the United Presbyterian only agency to carry the Gospel to Church in the Egyptian Sudan, died 8,000,000 people of Kwangtung Prov- PRINTING in Monmouth, Illinois, November 19th. ince. Dr. Fulton was honorably re- Dr. Oyler was born in Nortonville, tired in 1922 and returned to America. Y OU will profit from an ac- Kentucky, January 11, 1881, and after quaintanceship with us. We graduation from Sterling College and Mary Halse* Gr*igg*, wife of Rev. do the job complete in our own Xenia Theological Seminary, Ohio, plant, whether it be large or went to the Sudan in 1910. After Ernest Grigg of Burma, died October small. seventeen years of service in Dolieb 15, 1934, after more than 40 years of Hill, he was obliged to return to service in that country under the Bap- While our specialty is Books, America for health reasons and be- tist Foreign Mission Society. Her Magazines and Pamphlets, yet came pastor of the United Presby- work was carried on among Chins, we have a variety of modern terian Church at Cutler, Ill. He is Chinese, Indians and Shans. equipment to meet all the re- survived by his wife, the former Lil- quirements of your particular lian Picken, and four children. *** job. You will find our service prompt, careful and courteous. *** The Rev. and Mrs. John C. Stam, Will you allow us to estimate Rev. James E. East, D.D., formerly American missionaries under the on your next printing? We be- a Negro missionary to Africa from lieve you will be delighted with the National Baptist Church of Amer- China Inland Mission, and their 10- our product, price and service. ica, died in Philadelphia last October. J ames East was born in Alabama, weeks-old daughter, were captured on The EVANGELICAL PRESS fifty-three years ago and in 1906 December 10th by Communist bandits went to South Africa, and was sta- in Southern Anhwei Province, China. Printers of tioned at Ganda, Middlerift, where he The Missionary Review of the World did notable work among the Bantu, Mr. and Mrs. Stam were murdered helping to found over forty native but the baby was allowed to live and PLANT AND MAIN OFFICE Farmer's Associations and coopera- was restored to her grandparents. Third and Reily Sireet. Hlrrlsburg, PI. tive banks. Then Dr. East was called back to America to become secretary Mr. Stam was 27 years old and was of the Foreign Mission Board of the National Baptist Convention, with the son of Rev. Peter Stam, pastor headquarters in Philadelphia. of Star of Hope Mission, Paterson, Dr. James M*cC*ona*ughy. of Phila- N. J. Mrs. Stam was a daughter of delphia, for some years secretary of the Rev. and Mrs. Charles E. Scott, the American Sunday School Union, American Presbyterian missionaries died in his home in Germantown, Pa., on December 6th at the age of seventy- at Tsinan, Shantung, China. seven. Dr. McConaughy was for- merly a teacher of Bible in Mount Her- Mr. Peter Stam and family, in a mon School for Boys and did a notable work as Bible teacher, author, editor telegram to the C. 1. M., give clear and executive. He is survived by his testimony to the victorious spirit in which they received the heart-rending news: "Sacrifice great but not too great for Him who gave Himself for us. Experiencing God's grace. Ro- mans 8: 28." (Concluded on 3d cover.) Sunday School Supplies J'ouoo:, spliiltml ~i1osofk WI'IlJ,JUI'-I"''' I-fIotirlIe/rInII6ktlHiM!tngifnIeflrIsiHMIss

MISSIONARY look well on any library table in the post-war experience. Recently

REVIEW OF THE WORLD country." WILLIS CHURCH LAMOTT. has been a good deal of building and I am not certain that 'eight in a room' DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor Tokyo, Japan. would still stand true."

VOL. LVIII JAN., 1935 No.1 *** "As to my own expense fund, I re- ceive $5.00 a month while I am at Publication and Business Office "Each issue of THE REVIEW brings K. H., and it should be added that my Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. a vast amount of very helpful infor- travel in England, postage, phone ma.tion, and I have been enjoying to calls and medical attention are pro- Editorial and Executive Office the fullest extent this splendid mag- vided free, so that I am well cared for. 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City azine." REV. MERLE ApPELGATE. My own annuity fund is operated Entered as second-class matter at solely by the working people of the Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act Christian Church, Los Angeles, locality and provides 'home helps" for of March 3, 1879. California. families where a crisis leaves the 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. mother in need of help." Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. "The October*RE*VIEW* , with its chal- Published monthly, except August. Personal Items All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1934. lenging and informing array of ar- British agents, Marshall, Morgan ticles on Japan, surely ought to be a The Rev. Alex. Harsanyi, Pastor of and Scott, 12 Paternoster Buildings, valuable number for supplementary the Hungarian Presbyterian congrega- London, E. C. 1 shilling per copy, use in the foreign missions study pro- tion of Yonkers, N. Y., a descendant 10 shillings a year. jected for the current year." of a Hungarian Protestant martyr family, was honored and feted re- MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB· WILLIAM B. LIPPHARD, cently by his people and his American Editor of "Missions," New York. friends at the fortieth anniversary of LISHING CO., INC. his ordination to the ministry. As TWO CORRECTIONS organizer of a number of Hungarian BOARD OF DIRECTORS congregations, as author, editor, and RoBERT E. SPEE'R, President Dr. E. W. Koons, of Korea, calls at- pastor he has rendered great services WM. I. CHAMBERLAIN, Vloe-Presldent tention to an error in the September to the cause of Christ among his coun- WALTER MCDOUGALL, Treasurer REVIEW (page 395) where the title to trymen. Mr. Harsanyi is Nestor of DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Seoretary the picture of the "public notice the Hungarian Protestant ministers SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT against foreigners" should be cor- of this country. MRS. BO.RRLIlNPPHRA. RJUDDD rected to read: WM. *** "This tablet containing public no- ERIC M. NORTH tice warning Koreans against for- Martin L. Harvey, a young Negro MILTON T. STAUFFER eigners was made in 1866 and was set of Hempstead, L. I., has been elected up by the Tai-wun-Kun in the center president of the Christian Youth A. L. W ARNSHUIS of Seoul in 1871. The translation by Council of North America. He is the SAMUEL M. ZWEMER Dr. L. G. Paik, reads: When foreign first of his race to fill that position. barbarians invade the country we Editorial Chat neither wage war nor make peace *** with them. We warn our descendants Have you recommended THE REVIEW for 10,000 years." Dr. Frank C. Laubach expects to to your pastor and friends as an up- visit India some time after March, to-date and delightful way to keep in *. * * 1935, to demonstrate his method of touch with the progress of the work teaching which has been so successful of Christ throughout the world? Some Miss Muriel Lester, of London, in reducing illiteracy in the Philipof your friends would appreciate a writes that there are some slight in- pines. gift subscription and their interest in accuracies in the article on "Voluntary missions would be stimulated. Poverty in Action" which appeared in *** our November number. Miss Lester Here are the recent comments of says: "It was my grandfather, not Samuel Coles, agricultural missionsome of our readers: my father, who went to work as a ary at Galangue, West Africa, under bricklayer at the tender age of 8, the American Board for twelve years, "A friend of mine expressed the con- when his father had been press has been loaned for a period of three viction that if all the magazines in the ganged to fight in the Napoleonic years to the Booker T. Washington country would follow your step in de- wars. Again, overcrowding in the Institute of Katata, Liberia, to supervoting an issue to the cause of Chris- East End of London was much worse vise their building program. He is tian missions among other races, the than 'eight in a single room' in my very enthusiastic over the possibilities problem of racial understanding would in this new field. not be such a difficult one. I agree USED CUTS with him." – Jose G. Deseo, Pastor- *** Director, Filipino House of Friend- Plates and half tone illusship, Stockton, Calif. S. Franklin Mack, Publicity Direc- trations used in THE tor for the Presbyterian Board of * * *. Foreign Missions, is now engaged in MISSIONARY REVIEW making a three-months' tour of Latin "We appreciate the service rendered American countries to take motion through THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF during the past two years pictures and secure other publicity THE WORLD, and are trying to pro- material. The itinerary calls for a mote its circulation." for sale from 25 cents up, visit to Peru, Chile, Argentine, Brazil, Venezuela, Guatemala and Mexico. MRS. S. L. V. TIMMONS. plus postage. The material secured will be widely Director of Educational Dept., used in connection with the mission The Missionary Review study of Latin America, projected for Women's Work, Presbyterian 1935-36. Church, U. S. of the World *** *** THIRD AND REILY STREETS HARRISBURG, PA. Dr. Robert P. Wilder. formerly "The material in the June issue is General Secretary of the Student Volan excellent exposition of American [1 ] unteer Movement and later Secretary Oriental life and I hope the magazine of the Christian Council of Northern will receive wide circulation." Africa and Western Asia, is now in America but plans to go to England GRANT K. LEWIS; Secretary, United Christian Mis- (Concluded on 3d cover.) sionary Society.

*** "Let me congratulate you on the Japan number of THE REVIEW. It covers the field so thoroughly that I am wondering what else mission study classes will have to study! I like the make up of THE REVIEW. It would

FOR PRACTICAL INDUSTRIAL TRAINING IN LIVINGSTONIA

A GThOUP OF AFRICAN PASTORS PREPARElD TO EVANGELIZE THEIR OWN PEOPLE TRAINING CHRISTIANS IN LIVINGSTONIA, CENTRAL AFRICA REVIB ORLD VOLUME LVIII AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER ONE JANUARY, 1935 Topics of the Times BEGINNING THE NEW YEAR the direction and help of Almighty God and by A man's character is largely indicated by the men and women filled with the Spirit of Jesus Christ. way he closed the old and begins the New Year. It is fitting then that again, at the first of the While New Year's Eve an'd New Year's Day are year, Christians be called together to observe the "Universal Week of Prayer" (January 6 to 13). widely and variously observed all over the world, This custom was organized by the Evangelical Alli- ance nearly ninety years ago (in 1846) and has some observe them by hilarity, drinking intoxi- been observed annually ever since, not only in America and Europe but now all over the world. cants, by feasts and ente~tainments; others ex- Great things are accomplished through prayer, not only subjectively in those who pray but objectively change friendly greetings, or join in Christian by the working of the Spirit of God to bring har- mony to the "good and acceptable and perfect Will Watchnight services with prayer and song. It is of God."

a time to take account of stock; to settle old debts This year preachers everywhere are asked to co- operate by preaching and leading prayer groups on and complete unfinished tasks; to prepare for new the following topics so that a world-wide circle of joint thinking and prayer may unite Christians undertakings and seek fresh visions for larger everywhere. The world situation at home and abroad calls for this more than ever. There are service. To some the New Year season is one of grave dangers that face church and home and State, but there are also reasons for good cheer and waste and frivolity, while to others it is a time of encouragement. The following are the main topics suggested: sobering thought, prayer and preparation for a new advance.

The old year is gone-irrevocably-and we can- not undo the mistakes we have made or all the harm that has been done. There has been waste and folly; gossip and unfriendly criticisms' self- ishness and greed; thefts, murders, oatdhuerltsemriaes~ blasphemies and other sins. We and suffer because of the mistakes and follies of the past but we can learn valuable lessons from them if we will. With the New Year come new oppor- tunities to learn, to grow, and'to achieve what is Sunday, January 6, 1935. TOPICS FOR SERMONS: worth while. There are new opportunities to pro- Trust in God-John 14: 1; Mark 11: 22, 24; 1 Tim. m?te peace on earth in place of war; to do away WIth race and class prejudice; to develop and ap- 4: 1~ . ply the principles of economic and social justice in place of unfair rivalry and oppression; to estab- Fellowship with Christ and Other Disciples-1 John 1: 3, lish honest politics and the true and equal observance ?~ laws, in place of political chicancery and 7; John 17: 21.

Service of Man in the Name of Christ-Mat. 25: 40; Mat. 28: 19-20; Mat. 24: 14.

Hope and Its Basis-Acts 26: 6; Rom. 8: 18-25; 1 Thess. 1: 3, 9-10.

favorItIsm; to promote education that develops Monday, January 7. NEED FOR REPENTANCE.

character rather than a system of fads and un- Thanksgiving for God's loving provision for all human tried theories; to express religion in deeds not need; that Christ finished the work of man's redempmerely in· words; to furnish the money and life tion and committed to us its proclamation to all men. needed to give the Gospel of Christ to all men without rivalry or prejudice, rather than spend money Confession for our failure to respond to human need' a,nd effort on luxurious church equipment and for our selfishness, pride, indolence, and lack of faith, rItual at home. Here are achievements worthy of for our hardness of our heart that hinders true reour best effort-but they can only be attained by pentance.

Prayer that God may open men's eyes and soften their hearts, bringing repentance and forgiveness. That [8]

the burden of the need of others may be felt by His from the outcastes and primitive peoples of India, children everywhere. Africa and other lands; for a revived interest among Christian statesmen in the cause of minorities. Scripture Readings-Rom. 3: 1-26; Gal. 5: 1-26; Ps.51. Confession of the growth of anti-Semitism in many na- Tuesday, January 8. THE CHURCH AND NEED FOR FAITH. tions; of the slow response to the needs of oppressed and persecuted peoples. Thanksgiving for the Church which includes peoples of every nation; for increasing opportunity and power Prayer for a keener sensitiveness to the needs of the to witness; for evidence that the GQspel is the power oppressed and helpless; for a fresh vision of Christ, of God unto salvation. who, without respect of persons, welcomes men and women of every class and nation. Confession of lack of faith and enterprise in completing the world-wide work; for lack of humility and for Scripture Readings-Rom. 11; 1 Cor. 1: 18-31; Rev. 7: failure to interpret truly Christ's spirit and message. 9-17.

Prayer for a new vision of our spiritual resources in Sunday, January 13. SPECIAL SERMONS ON CHRISTIAN Christ; for a deeper faith in God's power to establish UNITY, WITH C,QMMUNION. "That they all may be one His Kingdom through faith and obedience; for a vital …… that the world may believe that Thou hast sent spiritual quickening of the Church today. Me." John 17: 21.

Scripture Readings-Acts 2: 1-21; Mat. 16: 13-28; Col. THE FELLOWSHIP OF THE SPIRIT* 1; John 17: 9. An interdenominational fellowship of Chris- Wednesday, January 9. THE NATION'S NEED FOR FELLOW- tians has been formed to unite those who seek a spiritual reinvigoration of the Church, with new SHIP. power and enthusiasm; along Apostolic lines. It is similar to the First Century Christian Fellow- Thanksgiving for forces which restrain men's selfish am- ship – or Oxford Group Movement -with em- bitions; for all that nations have to give one another. phasis on Gospel witness, soul-winning, regenera- tion and enduement with power of the Holy Spirit. Confession of national self-seeking, suspicion, and jeal- ousy; of intolerance and suppression of freedom of Dr. William Carter, the Chairman, issues a speech and conscience. challenge to the churches to awake in these days of adversity. He says in substance: Prayer for a new sense of the nature and possibilities of fellowship; for wise leaders in national and inter- Times of prosperity affect us adversely just as much as national affairs. That each nation may contribute its times of adversity. Speaking of the rich, Job says: "They peculiar gifts to build up the Kingdom of God. spend their days in wealth, and in a moment go down to the grave. Therefore they say unto God, Depart from us; Scripture Readings-Rom. 12; Isa. 2; Isa. 52; Micah for we desire not the knowledge of thy way. What is the 4; Rev. 21: 1-7, 23-27. Almighty that we should serve him?"

Thursday, January 10. WORLD EVANGELIZATION. Times of adversity come and wealth is swept away; affluence becomes indigence; assurance becomes despair. Thanksgiving for a world-wide awakening to the pri- Then it is that some "Job's Comforter" comes crying: mary need of evangelism in Christian service; for na- "Dost thou still retain thine integrity? Curse God and tional leaders who are calling their fellow-countrymen die!" Many do both! The whole trouble with the Church to widespread evangelism; for the growth of self- is that we have joined altogether too much with the world support and of extension among native churches. instead of trying to win the world to Christ.

Confession of the narrow outlook of many Christians; Thank God, the material and physical crises cause some of the lack of sensitiveness to the need of the millions to turn to God, and these become the leaders not of a for- who have not yet heard the Gospel; of our reliance on lorn hope, but of a victorious advance. When Pentecost human resources rather than on the power of the had fully come, Peter turned from his cursing and denials Holy Spirit. of his Lord; James and John turned from their seeking for preferment; Thomas turned from his doubting to un- Prayer for a realization that every Christian is called alterable faith and love for his Lord and Master and all to be a missionary everywhere and at all times; for commenced, boldly, to preach the unsearchable riches of the realization that Christ and His Church can meet Jesus Christ their Lord. The cult of cowardice was the spiritual needs of this generation. changed into the cult of courage. These men crossed the seas, braved martyrdom and still preached, even to their Scripture Readings-Mark 16; Isa. 61; Acts 1: 1-11. jailors and persecutors, the unsearchable riches of Jesus Christ, their crucified Redeemer. Friday, January 11. YOUTH MOVEMENTS. No class, no condition, no age is kept from the blessing Thanksgiving for Christian homes, Sunday Schools, and if they watch and pray earnestly for it. Every day may all movements for the spiritual welfare of youth; for be a Pentecost to those fulfilling the conditions. Are we the new earnestness among the youth. looking for Pentecost? Do we want the same blessing? The godly Joseph Neeshima, of Japan, in a time of great Confession of failure to give youth a larger place in Christian enterprise; of neglect of the family as the • The chairman Is Dr. William Carter, a Presbyterian clergyman, chief means of Christian training. formerly of Brooklyn, New York; the secretary Is the Rev. Frank E. Simmons, of Brooklyn, New York, and other members of the gen- Prayer that the youth of this generation may surrender eral committee Include William A. Harbison, Hugh R. Monro, Dr. to God in Christ; that teachers of youth may utilize Don O. Shelton, Dr. Will H. Houghton, President of Moody Bible their opportunities and realize their responsibilities; Institute, and Rev. Daniel A. Poling, President of the World's So- that the enthusiasms of youth may be directed into Ciety of Christian Endeavor. The headquarters are 1421 Madison right channels. Ave., New York.

SC'npture Readings-1 Sam 3; Joel 2: 18-32; 1 John 2: 1-17.

Saturday, January 12. RESPONSIBILITY TO THE JEWS AND TO OUTCASTE AND PRIMITIVE PEOPLES.

Thanksgiving for the increasing response to the call of Christ among Jews; for large accession to the Church

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

stress said to his Christian followers: "Brethren we must This evangelical movement among Italians was advance, but we must advance on our knees." This is a great need of the Church today-to pray. To be effective, not the product of the missionary societies, but prayer must be personal, importunate ….. . came rather from the faith and passion of two The Church is needing another Pentecost. The President, his helpers, governors, mayors, and leaders in gen- Italians converted through American friends. A eral, are urging people to strive to solve these present national and international difficulties by moral and spir- little more than fifty years ago Antonio Arrighi itual means. The phrase most upon their lips is: "The Life more abundant," which means, in ecclesiastical terms, began his work on the lower east side of New the life that is hid with Christ in God. Evangeline Booth in her farewell address urged the nations, that had tried York which has continued in the far reaching everything else in their depression and anxiety, to "Try religion!" The Presbyterians of New York have inaugu- ministry of the Broome Street Tabernacle. Later rated a "Spiritual Crusade" and a "Covenant of Reconsecration." All of these are signs of what is expected of Michele Nardi, a talented young Italian padrone the Church and that the Church is getting a larger view of its duty to the perishing souls of men. in a mining camp, was given a New Testament The Fellowship of the Spirit stands for: (1) A recog- which so gripped him that he gave up his mining nition of the Lordship of the Holy Spirit in lives and hearts of men; (2) A whole Bible as the Word of God; and began the life of a missionary lay preacher. (3) A place for prayer in daily life; (4) A witness for God to others who need Him; (5) Individual sacrificial Italian churches in Pittsburgh, Chicago, New service to save the individual, the nation and the world, from itself, to God. A practical experience of these things York and other important cities trace their origin will revitalize the Church, stabilize society and change the world. to Nardi's flaming evangel. A report made to the This movement is only one of many that reveal Presbytery of New York in 1907 shows his influa hunger in men's hearts today and a sense of need for God and what He alone can supply. It ence by the following report: "During the past is evident not only in America and England but on the continent of Europe and in many parts of year two new Italian missions have been estab- India, China, Africa and other lands. But it is still a very difficult thing for human nature to lished and have been blessed with almost phenommake full surrender and then to follow the Way as revealed by the Spirit of God. enal results. The one in East 106th Street in the EVANGELICAL MOVEMENT AMONG colony known as Little Italy, with the noted evan- ITALIANS gelist, Mr. Nardi, in charge. He labors without compensation. From the first the room which accommodates only 114 has been crowded to over- flowing." Later, the city mission and denomina- tional home missionary societies gave their sup- port to the movement. Christian mission work of a very distinctive sort will be required for many years in the more congested and poorer Italian colonies. The continued need of these people de- mand the continuing interest of the missionary societies, but the responsibility for the conduct of the churches and for the direction of the work must reside in the Italian language churches and their leadership. W. P. SHRIVER.

A national interdenominational conference, SHALL WE ABANDON MEXICO?* which may well mark a new epoch in the evan- gelical movement among Italians in America, was Recent events in Mexico have prompted some held in New York, the first and second days of to question the worthwhileness of carrying the November, at the suggestion of the Italian Evan- Gospel to a people who are promoting education gelical Ministers Association. The conference was along nationalistic lines and seem to want no reconvened under the auspices of the Home Mis- ligion at all. When the liberal Constitution of sions Council and Council of Women for Home 1857 was adopted by Mexico and the Reform Missions, and began with a fellowship dinner, Laws promulgated, a section of the Mexican peowith over four hundred present, to celebrate the ple availed themselves of the privilege of religious contribution of Italian life to America. The ad- liberty and formed an independent evangelical dress was given by the Hon. Eduard Corsi, Di- church. When the Constitution of 1917 was rector of the Department of Public Welfare of adopted, all the provisions of the Juarez Constitu- New York. A united service of the fifty Italian tion were embodied. Church property was nacongregations of greater New York later brought tionalized and religion became a matter of govtogether an audience of nearly two thousand ernmental regulation. Moreover in Article 130 which filled the auditorium of the Fifth Avenue of the Constitution each State was given the right Presbyterian Church-a most unusual gathering. to decide how many clergy are to officiate within A fine spirit of unity prevailed throughout the its borders. Very little effort was made to enconference and the Home Missions Council was force these severe provisions during the years of asked to create a permanent committee to foster continuing cooperation in evangelical work among • Extracts from a statement prepared by the Rt. Rev. Frank W. Creighton, who was Protestant Episcopal Bishop of Mexico from the four and a half million Italians in America. 1926 to 1933.

reconstruction following the active period of the King Dormitory and Gymnasium were destroyed; Revolution. In fact not until 1927 was there any Junka Hall and the Dining Hall were badly dam- enforcement act passed by Congress. aged and other buildings suffered severely. The In spite of difficulties, evangelical Christians in total damage is estimated at Yen 123,578 but for- Mexico are doing an effective and helpful piece of tunately there was no loss of life.

work and are growing stronger in numbers and The Doshisha was started in 1875 with eight in zeal. Two articles of the Constitution of Mex- students. Today it has a total enrollment of 4,456 ico, as well as parts of others, deal with the ques- students (1,184 girls and 3,272 boys), 302 protion of religion. One of those articles grants en- fessors and instructors, with 12,591 alumni. The tire religious freedom under the law and one sec- Doshisha now consists of a Girls' Academy, Boys' tion of the Department of Interior is charged with Middle School, Woman's College, Semmon Gakko the duty of religious administration. Mexico is (a professional school of junior college grade), still very much concerned about religion, but is College of Commerce, Preparatory College, and very insistent as to the kind of religion to be University. It has always maintained the Christaught and how it shall be practiced. Mexico's tian principles of its founder, "for the advanceis a one-party government and any opposition is ment of Christianity, and the furtherance of eduanti-government agitation. When the Roman cation, to train men of living power for the serv- Catholic Church finds itself opposed to practically ice of true freedom and their country." every ideal of the Revolution and says so, the issue becomes clear. Protestants are not antagonistic The typhoon is also said to have greatly affected to the Government but suffer because of the con- Japan's political currents so as to force their actinuous strife. But the followers of Christ can- tivities into new channels to repair the damages. not either run away from difficulties or abandon An extraordinary session of the Diet was called the field because difficulties are acute. Such a sit- to meet the demands of the situation. The rice uation tries our mettle and steels us to go on. crop has been very seriously damaged and imme- Mexican Christians need our prayers and our sup- diate relief was required. The silk industry, on port as they go forward to make the living Christ the other hand, has been suffering from over-proreign in Mexico. We must respond to the crying duction, due to lack of foreign demand. This sit- uation and the need for relief have called for a need for the Gospel. decrease, rather than an increase, in appropria- The editor of World Dominion says: tions for the army and navy.

Mexico is making gigantic efforts to build up an original, THE FEDERAL COUNCIL LOOKS AHEAD genuine and national culture embracing all aspects of human life, without trying to copy or to be dependent upon The annual meeting of the Federal Council of other cultures and countries. The Indians are sharing the Churches of Christ in America was held in Dayresponsibilities of government. ton, Ohio, December 2d to 7th. Dr. Ivan Lee Holt, pastor of St. John's Methodist Episcopal Mexico is emphasizing, more than any other country in Church, South, of St. Louis, was elected president Latin America, the need of a school which will be coherent to succeed Dr. Arthur W. Beaven of Rochester. from the very beginning with the whole life of the Mexican The new vice-president is Dr. George W. Richnation, basing it more on life than on theories, more on ards, President of the Theological Seminary of the doing than on learning, and adapting itself to the daily Reformed Church in the United States, at Lanlife of the average Mexican-particularly the Indianmaking the schools, the text and the teaching to promote more a better life than general knowledge.

EFFECTS OF THE TYPHOON IN JAPAN caster, Pa.

The most terrific typhoon ever experienced in As in many other groups, the need for evan- Japan in modern times swept over the Osaka- gelism-the personal salvation of men through Kyoto district last September and destroyed or the Gospel of Christ-was emphasized, rather damaged many mission schools and churches in than the need for new methods of social service Osaka, Kobe, Kyoto and elsewhere. Approxi- and more money for education. A national mismately 3,000 people were killed and 14,000 in- sion to reach the "unchurched" was proposed, with jured. Eighty thousand houses were demolished, daily open-air evangelistic meetings in as many 350,000 were flooded, and 300 primary and sec- cities of the United States as is possible. Plans are ondary schools collapsed. Of 60,000 factories in being made for a ten-weeks' tour of twenty-five the Osaka district, 22,000 are reported damaged metropolitan -centers, with a team of some ten or or destroyed, causing merchants, artisans and twelve speakers. peasants to call for relief. The Federal Council stood strongly against One of the Christian institutions which severely traffic in alcoholic drink and in favor of all efforts suffered is the Doshisha University, Kyoto, to promote social and economic justice and interfounded by Joseph Hardy Neesima in 1875. The national peace and goodwill.

A VILLAGE ON THE SHORE OF LAKE NYASA – MT. WALLER IN THE

Robert Laws of Livingstonia By the REV. D. R. MACKENZIE, Edinburgh, Scotland IF ONE had to put into a single word his im- years, it is justly regarded as an outstanding ex- pression of Dr. Robert Laws, the first impulse ample of Christian progress in a heathen land. would be to say "massive." He was like a great block of Aberdeen granite, firmly rooted in the Pioneering soil congenial to his soul-the soil of the Kingdom of God. But "massive" after all means little; and David Livingstone died at Ilala in 1873. While Laws meant much over a wide area of human life the great traveler was pursuin,i his epoch-making in Central Africa. He did more for that great discoveries, his almost equally great spiritual sucland than any other man, of whatever rank or cessor was preparing himself for the task soon to occupation. He was a man of wide vision and far be placed in his hands. This was the task of givseeing wisdom; of purposes firmly held in the ing continuity to the work and shape to the asface of difficulties and opposition; of unfailing pirations of the Blantyre lad who had become the skill in the use of whatever materials lay to his world's hero. hand; and of sagacious adaptability in entering doors which either stood open or which, more fre- Robert Laws was born in Aberdeen in 1851 and quently, he was the means of opening. Add to this began to work as an apprentice in his father's a staunch courage, often called upon in those days shop, learning cabinet-making; but he was nursof the beginnings of his work, and always equal ing in his soul higher ambitions. Through the to every emergency. Equally massive are his difficulties and hardships which many another achievements. The Livingstonia Mission, under Scottish lad has overcome, he finally emerged, a his wise guidance, moved from one great success fully qualified physician and minister, a carpenter, to another until today, after a history of sixty with some knowledge of building, and a general handiness that never lost its skill in all the half century he was to spend in Africa. When the [7]

news came that Livingstone had died, Laws was guage had to be learned, houses and other buildready; and prosperous Christian men in the great ings to be erected, communication with the outer cities of Scotland formed a committee and estab- world to be maintained, and the health of the staff lished the Livingstonia Mission, now famous all cared for. It was a task for strong men, and over the Christian world. strong men had it in hand.

One watches in imagination a band of young Lengthened Cords and Strengthened Stakes Scotsmen, with Laws as one of their leaders, start out on the twelfth of October, 1875, to make their The tribes around Lake Nyasa shared to the toilsome way into the heart of Africa. Up the full the superstitions and beliefs of the Bantu great Zambesi River, with its age-long romance, peoples to whom they belonged. Witchcraft spread its baneful influence. The poison ordeal weeded out the enemies of the witch-doctor and the chief. The, spirits of the dead, always of- fended, were believed to send disease and death. Dangers lurked everywhere; for lions and leop- ards, controlled by evil men whose power was never doubted, sought the enemies of those who hired them, and killed or mauled them. Hunters went to the forest, and fishers to the river, guarded and reinforced by charms and magic medicines. Sickness was rampant and knowledge small of how to deal with it. To all this add the horrors of the slave trade, "the open sore of Cen- tral Africa," and inter-tribal warfare with its WHERE MARRIED APPRRiNTICES LIVE IN LIVINGSTONIA INSTITUTE they traveled into the hitherto little known Shire, A PARTLY COMPLETED NATIVE-BUILT CHAPEL its huge tributary. At last, in their tiny steamer, the "Ilala," rebuilt after passing the Muchison terrible toll of human lives and you have the ma- Rapids, they sailed out into the mighty waters of terials for a picture of what Laws and his com- Lake Nyasa, Livingstone's proudest discovery. panions were facing. And one listens, still in imagination, as these young men fling their challenge to the winds of a They faced it with a message of the Love of continent: "All people that on earth do dwell, God, and with a Book in which that story was sing to the Lord, with cheerful voice." Was it a told; but it first had to be translated into the lanchallenge, or was it merely a glad recognition that guage of the people. at last the end of their long journey was in sight? The winds carried the words three hundred and The first five years at Cape Maclear were years sixty miles up the Lake; then over hill and plain of toil and death. It was evident that if real progto what is now Northern Rhodesia; far out east ress was to be made a change must come. In and west to Zanzibar and the mouth of the Con- 1881 the headquarters were moved up the Lake to go; and in all that vast region there was none to Bandawe, in the land of the Tonga people. From join in the song, and none to whom the words, that time the development was rapid. Schools even had they been understood, would have con- were opened and teachers trained; men were veyed any real meaning. taken into the carpenter's shop for instruction; At Cape Maclear, famous as the first station of the Mission, the party settled down to work. Slowly the years passed; men came and went; or they came and stayed until death claimed them, and there they lie, witnesses to the compelling power of Christ, and to the strange tenacity of His servants in every land and every age.

Laws made voyages of discovery in the little "Ilala"; he undertook long overland journeys, establishing contacts with leading chiefs up and down the lake shore. An utterly unfamiliar lan-

ROBERT LAWS OF LIVINGSTONIA

others were taught bricklaying, printing, book tions were formed, with Kirk sessions and minbinding, and agriculture. The whole region was isters and evangelists, and schools were spread explored, and Dr. Laws, in such intervals as he all over the land. The Livingstonia Mission could command, took up his great task of trans- reached out into Northern Rhodesia at Ilala, at lating the· New Testament, preparing school Lubwa, and at Mwenzo; the people thronged to books, a grammar of the language, and dictionary the schools, eager to seize every opportunity for the use of new members of the mission who placed before them. were now coming to his aid. Under the direction of the Rev. A. G. MacAlpine a great mother The mind of the African race was being slowly church was built up, slowly other congregations reformed by many methods. Into the now safe were formed and other stations were opened world they went far from their home to work in throughout the land. Teachers, doctors and nurses the gold mines of Rhodesia, the copper mines of were sent out from Scotland and the Mission The Belgian Congo, and to other enterprises as was fully established.

Reforming the Africans But trouble arose. The wild and warlike Angoni, an offshoot of the fierce Zulus of South Africa, swept down from their high- land plateau and harried the unhappy Tonga people, burning villages, killing the men, and carrying off the women and children. Robert Laws went up into their country where he met the great warrior chief, Mombera, and the two strong men formed a friendship which was never broken. As a result of this conference Dr. Elmslie went to Ngoniland, and, after adventures that would have satis- fied a Knight of the Round Table, he won over the people and Christian progress was assured.

Meanwhile other events were happening.

Laws had long foreseen that the British Gov- ernment must take control of the country and, after a preliminary blunt refusal by Lord Salisbury, this was done in 1889. A great impulse was thus given to the forces of progress; peace was assured; the postal service united the country from end to end; roads everywhere began to be made; magis- trates administered the law, and numerous ancient feuds died out. Other missions were coming in. The Church of Scotland had long had its headquarters at Blantyre; the Church of England Mission established itself on Likoma Island; while the Dutch Reformed Oopyright-MoUat, Edinburgh. ROBERT LAWS OF LIVINGSTONIA Church of South Africa was working in the southern parts of Nyasaland. The Roman Church far as Zanzibar, and Durban. The homecoming also took up work, as well as the Baptists, and of these far traveled individuals brought new others. ideas to the villages, with new clothes, new ameni- The transformation of Africa was proceeding ties of civilization, new sources of wealth.

apace; and Laws, now a recognized authority in All this brought fresh problems to the mission- all matters concerned with mission work, was the aries, but Laws and his colleagues were equal to guide and counsellor of all. His advice was sought the demands made upon them, though often at by government, as well as by the heads of the new great cost to themselves in loss of health, and industries with which the country was being de- occasionally in loss of life. The problems of suc- veloped. Most important of all, the native Church cess took the place of those of failure. The great was growing with amazing rapidity. Congrega- crowds attending church and school had to be or-

ganized and shepherded. In 1894 it was decided In 1908 the Scottish Presbyterian Church be- that a central institution for training and educa- stowed on Dr. Laws, now grown famous, the high- tion must be established, and as a result the Ov- est honor in its power: he was summoned home ertoun Institution was founded, with Dr. Laws as to fill the Moderator's chair of the General As- principal. The Home Committee responded with sembly of the United Free Church. Already uni- funds and men and, as the years passed, this great versities had conferred degrees upon him, D.D., institution came to be regarded as the most im- M.D., LL.D.; the Government bestowed upon him portant educational work between the Zambesi the C.M.G. (Companion of the Order of St.

and the Congo. Students flocked from far and Michael and St. George); The Africa Society near, all keen to seize the unique opportunity pre- gave him the African Medal, which so very few sented to them. The Overtoun Institution trains have received. In the United States, which he teachers, ministers, evangelists, doctors, as well visited more than once during his furloughs, he as carpenters, bricklayers, book printers and bind- made many friends and highly esteemed support- ers, agriculturists, engineers, tailors. Today one ers. There were few to dispute with him the title, can see there, as now elsewhere in Central Africa, from which he himself would have shrunk, of the the sons of men who knew of no implement but greatest living missionary; for the Livingstonia the hoe and the spear, controlling complicated Mission was now, under his inspiring leadership machinery at the mines, on the river steamers, one of the greatest epics of the Church of Christ.

and in motor cars; the fathers knew nothing but But the years took their toll. In 1927 he was war; the sons preach the Gospel. The fathers asked by the Mission Council to meet the Gover- heard the drums beat for vile dances, the sons nor of Nyasaland, along with other leaders, to hear them summoning the people to worship God. discuss the question of Government assistance to An Independent, United Church education which had become of first rate impor- tance. But his health suddenly failed and he The story now runs with great rapidity. The sailed for home where he underwent a severe operchurches of the Presbyterian Missions, Scottish ation. He lingered on, still vigorous, and taking and Dutch, combined their presbyteries to form an active share in the concerns so dear to him, one United Synod of the Church of Central Africa until August, 1934, when he passed to his reward. Presbyterian. The natives wholly supply the funds of this church and draw nothing from Great Brit- Mrs. Laws was the great wife of a great man. She was great in herself; a great linguist; a great hymn writer, whose hymns nourished for a generation the native Church which· her hus- band did so much to establish. Indeed her history is so much the history of her husband, that it is difficult to think of any activity of his in which she was not his efficient and loving helper. She was, too, a woman of wit and wisdom, ready at repartee, a famous housekeeper and hostess, and the willing friend of all her husband's colleagues.

Men are great, not merely in virtue of the great -deeds they did in their own proper persons, but they are great because others have contributed to that greatness. Livingstone had his Laws; and Laws had his great lieutenants: Elmslie and Stuart who brought in the wild Angoni; Mac- Alpine, who built up the great Mother Church at Bandawe; Fraser, beloved at home and abroad; MacMinn, whose linguistic work is bringing fame to .Livingstonia; Chisholm and Moffat, who A CiHll:Ral-IS~T-IA-lN-FA-M-I-L-Y-I;N;"-L.;:aIo"V".I:oN:;;G:;;.;s'-TO-N-I-A—…&. brought in the tribes of the north and west. The history of the Livingstonia Mission will never be ain. There is a native Central Fund Treasurer; fully told until the great deeds of these great men the Clerk of Presbytery is a native minister; and, have had their full count of credit. So long as so far as possible, they are encouraged to manage the Church can find such men, and send them out their own affairs, but always with the mission- and support them, the fame of Robert Laws will aries to guide them where that is necessary. The go on and that for which all great servants of Church in Central Africa is standing on its own Christ stand-the evangelization of the whole feet, subject only to its Divine Head. world-will suffer neither eclipse nor collapse.

Problems and ,Encouragements

As Seen by Some Foreign Mission Executives T HE difficulties of the present hour are so many and so obvious that we are sometimes prone to be discouraged and to overlook the encouragements. In the home and foreign mission work the prob- lems were never more numerous, and sometimes they seem baffling. They clearly call for earnest study as to their causes and solution and they require faith and greater dependence on God rather than on human wisdom and power.

In response to a letter sent to a number of missionary leaders in America replies have been received to the following two questions: 1. As you see it, what are some of the special present-day problems that we face in the foreign mission enterprise? Such problems may relate to finance, changes in policy, difficulties in the field or in the home church.

2. What are some of the encouragements that you note in the hQme church and in the field? Such encouragements may relate to improvement in finances, to increase in interest in the home church, to the attitude of the young people, or they may appear in reports from the field as to the progress and outlook.

The answers received-somewhat condensed-throw much on the present situation. An editorial presentation of the problems and encouragements will appear in the next number of the REVIEW.

EDITOR.

I. SOME PRESENT-DAY PROBLEMS 1. The need for taking the whole subject of cooperation far more seriously than at present is ROBERT E. SPEER being done, judged by the results. There is im- perative need of our Christian forces entering Secretary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions more promptly and thoroughly, having counted the full cost, upon what I call the third stage of Among the problems we face in the foreign mis- cooperation. By this stage I mean not only for sion enterprise today I would name the following: chiefly the pooling of knowledge and experience, but more specially pooling of plans (before they 1. Problems arising from false nationalism. A are made or entered into), personalities, money, true nationalism is inherent in Christianity and names, administration. in the missionary idea. Weare seeking to help each nation to achieve its own true personality 2. In almost every field and in almost every and accomplish its own mission of service in the board there is need of re-stating and revising proworld and we are doing our best to build up in- grams, looking ahead for a period of five years. digenous Christian churches to serve in the fullest I would find it difficult to name a half dozen agenway the true interest of the national life. The cies which have done this and have their program difficulties of the problem lie in the spread of a or plan in a form to be submitted, and have it false and unworthy nationalism. generally understood and accepted by their lead- ers near and far. This is very serious. 2. The problems which secularism and the naturalistic view of the world and of life present to 3. There is need for the creation of a deep and the Christian Gospel. We must have missionaries unshakable conviction on the part of the leaders eqUIpped to deal with these problems both by rea- and other discerning members of the churches son and by love. that the missionary enterprise has by no means attained. It is a shocking, tragic fact that with 3. The problems of devolution as it is called, reference to totally unoccupied mission fields (by meaning thereby the transfer both of control and which I mean those in which there are no misof responsibility from the foreign mission to the sionaries, or almost none), we stand just about national churches. where we did at the time of the Edinburgh Con- ference in 1910. In the partially and even largely 4. The problems arising from confusion and occupied fields we have, in most cases, only encontroversy among the Christian forces, absorbing in internecine conflict the energies which are needed for the work of aggressive evangelism of the New Testament type.

JOHN R. MOTT tered upon the period of high specialization, and, in my judgment, have still to render many of our Chairman of the International Missionary Council most distinctive and critically important services Among the most pressing major problems of in the work of evangelism and the training of the foreign missionary enterprise, as I see them, Christian leaders.

are the following: 4. The catching of the imagination of a new [11 ]

generation with such vividness, with such appeal keener sense of responsibility for the evangelizato the heroic, and with such compelling force as tion of the world in this generation. There is to ensure beyond peradventure a tremendous re- also the problem of finance, which must be solved sponse. In this respect the Church of Rome just if the work is to be carried on adequately.

now is putting us to shame.

Basically these and all other problems that are ROBERT HALL GLOVER pressing upon us will not be solved until we make much more ground than we have been making in Home Director of the China Inland Mission for North America recent years in solving our problem of leadership, 1. As related to the work of the mission in among missionaries, indigenous churches, and China there are the following problems: mission boards and their auxiliary agencies. a. The continued communist menace in several provjnces of Central China. The present situation ROBERT P. WILDER in Kweichow and Szechwan is particularly seri- ous. Two C. I. M. missionaries in Kweichow have Formerly Secretary of the Student Volunteer Movement,. been in the communists' hands since October 1, Recently Secretary of the Near East Christian Council and two others have recently been killed.

1. Some of the present day problems in the for- b. The difficulties confronting the Chinese churches in their efforts toward full self-support eign mission enterprise are the problems due to and taking a larger share in the work of carrying the Gospel further afield. I refer especially to the non-Christian religions, humanism, secular- exhorbitant taxation, burdens imposed by milita- rists, and heavy losses through communist banism, nationalism and the growing power of com- munism. / 2. Among indigenous Christians are the prob- lems due to persecution, especially on the part of ditry and calamities such as flood, famine, and fanatical Moslems and caste-ridden Hindus. pestilence.

There are also the problems of indifference. Often c. The cruel persecution of Christians among among indigenous Christians, the second and third several of the aboriginal tribes of Southwest generations have lost some of the glow and radi- China, notably the Lisu in west Yunnan. Bitter ance which the first generation possessed. This persecution is being meted out there by greedy is sometimes shown in diminished evangelistic and unscrupulous officials, because of the Chriszeal, in less of the prayer spirit, in doubt as to the tians' refusal to grow opium, and because of the full trustworthiness of God's Word, less reliance steady shrinkage of the whiskey trade due to the upon the power of the Holy Spirit, and less time rapid increase in the number of Christians. given to Bible study. 2. As related to the enterprise in general- 3. Among missionaries we find at times it is a problem to establish a firm conviction about the Undoubtedly the greatest problem, far more necessity of maintaining the devotional life serious than the financial depression, is the loss through giving an adequate time each day to Bible or weakening of conviction on the part of so many study for personal spiritual growth and private in the home churches, ministers in particular, reprayer. Work presses in, especially when the mis- garding the great essential truths of the Christian sionary staff is depleted owing to the financial faith. "Modernistic" teaching in seminaries and crisis. preaching in many pulpits are directly responsible for this. The inevitable and obvious results are 4. Some missionaries seem not to realize fully the waning of missionary interest and the dehow essential it is to know how to do personal crease of missionary giving among those thus work with individuals. Some are strong in pre- affected. senting the claims of Jesus Christ to an audience, but weak in helping an individual to take the de- If the missionary work of the Church is really cisive step in definitely accepting Christ as per- a divine enterprise, and not a merely humanistic sonal Saviour and Lord. project, then how can God's blessing be expected upon it, if ~ny are harbored in its ranks who are 5. It is not always easy to warn young mission- disloyal to His Word and reject the truths that aries against an assumed superiority as belonging lie at the very heart of the Gospel which we have to a better race than that to which the people been commanded to take to the whole world, and belong, among whom he labors. The Christian if "another gospel" is substituted? It is idle to a't- Gospel is one of love and should always produce tempt to make the economic depression wholly rein a missionary the right attitude toward other sponsible for the falling off of missionary support races and religions. when at least part of the cause clearly lies else- where. The ,cure cannot be effected until the 6. In the churches in America, we find the prob- cause is acknowledged and removed. lem of how to secure a deeper spirituality and a

PRESENT PROBLEMS AND ENCOURAGEMENTS

STEPHEN ]. COREY during the past three years that there is danger American Secretary of the United Christian Missionary Society lest we lose our capacity to be distressed at the injury to the work. The depression attitude has The problems, as I see them, include: already become a habit with some people, and 1. An exaggerated feeling that personal and lo- while many are in genuine want, others have been cal problems eclipse all else, although this is not too ready to avail themselves of the excuse af- as evident as a year ago. A sort of "pernicious forded by the psychology of the times.

localitis" effects both interest and giving. Anxious to prove to their constituencies that 2. The difficulty of maintaining interest when every economy was being practiced, boards have so many missionaries have returned from the vied with one another in making reductions in fields. We have been too slow in building interest their budgets and it has actually been true that a around Christian nationals and churches. We board which could show the most drastic cutting must press this point hard. They are our children has gained the highest approval of the Church- in the faith and greatly deserve and need our and this at a time when the need of the world for prayer, interest, and our support when necessary. Christ is so desperately apparent!

3. There has been too much dependence upon 3. In certain quarters there has been a relaxa- loyalty to organization and not enough on the tion of those basic Christian convictions that con- inherent necessity of the missionary enterprise stitute the very premises of the missionary enter- as an inevitable and inescapable part of an ade- prise. The nature of sin and its consequences, the quate Christian program. depth of man's need for Christ and the indispen- 4. The ideals of internationalism and world sability of Christ as the Saviour of the world, are brotherhood have received a severe blow. This elements in the missionary imperative that have has slowed down missionary interest in some either been challenged or rendered indistinct by quarters. the humanistic philosophy that has accompanied 5. The ideals of Christian stewardship have modern "liberalism." These basic Christian prem- slipped somewhat in recent years, due ises are essential to a vigorous missionary attitude a. To the excessive burdens taken by American and program.

churches in more prosperous days, with new build- 4. The spiritual condition that we confront in ings and equipment. The churches now find them- the world today is more difficult to reach than selves taxed to the utmost to amortize and stabi- were the simpler forms of paganism of the past.

lize their capital investments. While millions still cry vainly to gods of wood and b. To the tendency to be satisfied with paying stone, other millions have merely exchanged idol- taxes for relief in substitution for church and atry for godlessness. Surfeited with the super- individual efforts of love and mercy. The first stitions of the past from which they feel them- is necessary, but people forget the wider interest selves emancipated, they have turned violently of the church in a Christian program which state against all religions, and have become repudiators and municipal help can never reach. of faith, haters of God. Professing no God of their own, they deny freedom of worship to others, C. DARBY FULTON and are working to bring the world into one united Executive Secretary, Executive Committee of Foreign Missions, blasphemy. The difficulty of reaching these is immeasurably great. Presbyterian Church in the United States First of all, may I share with you some of our A. C. SNEAD problems: Foreign Secretary of the Christian and Missionary Alliance 1. The most obvious problem is due to the fifty per cent decline in financial support, from $1,248,- In the twenty mission fields of The Christian 000 in 1926 to $611,000 last year. Despite these and Missionary Alliance three problems stand out rather desperate figures, we have not had to recall as of major importance. any missionaries, though sickness, age, death and retirement have reduced our missionary personnel 1. In a number of the fields, particularly French from 516 seven years ago to 403 last year. Cuts West Africa, French Indo-China, Netherlands amounting to about thirty per cent in missionary East Indies, southern Philippines, and some provsalaries and stipends, and even heavier reductions inces of China, many' peoples and tribes give eviin appropriations for the work have had to be dence of being moved by the Holy Spirit to a made. Reserves possessed by institutions or by recognition of their need for Jesus Christ as Savmissionaries individually have been used up so iour and Lord when they first hear the Gospel. that we are now face to face with the time when This is so marked in some tribes that the number the work must depend only on its present support. of missionaries and native Christian workers is much too small to properly present the Word of 2. We have become so accustomed to reductions God to interested inquirers.

2. Another problem, met especially in Borneo 5. The widespread interest in evangelization and a French West Africa is that of shepherding and the breaking out of remarkable evangelistic the new converts who have been baptized. For movements in so many parts of the world, also in example, 628 were baptized by one missionary in the raising up of new and mighty evangelists, as one month recently in a district in Borneo, yet to well as apologetic writers and lecturers, within teach these converts and the more than 1500 other the past one or two decades, both among mission- Dyaks baptized during the last three years there aries and nationals. are available only one missionary and two or three native workers. ROBERT P. WILDER 3. A third problem has to do with government Some encouragements, as I see them, are: opposition in some areas, the imposing of an income tax and an increase in property taxes by 1. A growing desire for a religious awakening some governments, thus diverting funds from the missionary work. at home and abroad.

II. PRESENT-DAY ENCOURAGEMENTS 2. A greater spirit of cooperation among re- ROBERT E. SPEER ligious bodies, as seen in the work of the Christian Among the encouragements we see in mission and Missionary Councils and International Miswork today one would suggest: sionary Council; also in the movements which 1. The spirit of the young men and the young women who want to give their lives to foreign look toward church unity, as in Persia and South mISSIOns. A number of first-grade candidates have been earning their way by giving transfu- India and the recent conference of missionaries sions of their own blood. and indigenous Christians on evangelism, Chris- 2. The evidences of the working of God's spirit in individual and collective life, as, for example, tian education and on the production and circulain the baptism of Brahmans in India and the movement in the upper castes. tion of Christian literature. There are also signs 3. The increasing acceptance of the moral au- of closer cooperation between Oriental and Occithority of Christ in non-Christian lands. This is not enough but it is something and it represents dental Christians, as in the Fellowship of Unity a great advance. in Egypt, and in the work of the World's Sunday 4. The reality of the rootage which Christianity has taken all over the world and its indestructibil- School Association. ity by the most hostile forces, even in Russia. 3. The recent growth in the membership of in- 5. The steady growth of the churches on the mission field, in autonomy and self-dependence. digenous churches, as in India where there are 6. The increasing evidence that there is no hope now 6,296,763 Christians; in China' where the for man save in Christ; that the evil forces of the world cannot be conquered except by His Five Year Movement, from 1929 to 1934, has repower. sulted in stimulating the Christians to a deeper JOHN R. MOTT spiritual life and shows a willingness on the part Among the greatest encouragements in foreign missions today I would name: of the Chinese Christians not only to win others 1. The evident growth in conviction among dis- to Christ, but also to shoulder a larger proportion cerning Christian leaders as to our shortcomings and sins of omission. of the financial load carried by missionary soci- 2. The multiplication of fruitful and very re- eties. The Forward Movement in Japan has rewarding pieces of experimentation in missionary methods and practices, covering a wide range in sulted in 50,000 having signed cards, signifying the missionary program. their purpose to follow Jesus Christ. Though all 3. The growing interest in cooperation, notwithstanding failure to take the whole subject of these have not yet joined the Church there is more seriously. increasing evidence that Christians in Japan are 4. The fact that doors are open today, as at no time in the past, to the friendly and constructive recognizing their responsibility to evangelize their ministry of the Christian Gospel. fellow countrymen in Japan and overseas.

4. Another encouragement is found in the work of the Bible Societies. The Bible is still the best seller.

5. It is said that while Latin America has large- ly turned away from organized Christianity a speaker presenting the Christian message, as a new and vital challenge, can always get a sympa- thetic hearing. In Buenos Aires, Santiago and in student centers in Brazil, Colombia and Venezuela there have been eager audiences to hear the Gos- pel. – ROBERT HALL GLOVER 1. We of the C. I. M. are greatly encouraged by the sustained interest of our constituency of friends at home, as evidenced by their many let- ters, and also by our contacts in the autumn con-

ferences in the East and the West. Our Prayer Japan, China, India, and Africa all face great Union membership, composed of those who ex- issues and are in expectancy.

press the desire and purpose to pray regularly for 5. The penetration of Christ's influence, far China and the work of the Mission, is steadily beyond what we can count in statistics or mem- increasing. bership in the churches, is a matter for great 2. There has been a steady succession of appli- encouragement. The New Life Movement in cations for service in China; the number during China, based largely on Christian ideals, is an the past year has been particularly large. We illustration. It would be hard to find among edu- sent twenty-six new recruits to China in 1934, and cated and religious nationals anywhere in the non- we must have dealt with three or four times that Christian world, one who would not hail Jesus as number of applications. the ranking ethical teacher of the ages.

Eighteen new workers have also been sent from Great Britain and twelve from Australasia last C. DARBY FULTON year. Over against the problems and difficulties that 3. There has been a steady and substantial ad- face us today one could set a long list of encour- agements that far outweigh the difficulties. I vance of our Forward Movement on the field, with mention three that seem to stand out strikingly ever increasing visible results in conversions and in the missionary picture: baptisms. The opening of nineteen new main centers of work, and the baptism of 7,221 con- 1. The increasing open-heartedness of the peoverts, during 1933, made that a record year in ples of the world to the Gospel of Jesus Christ. the history of the Mission. This is not inconsistent with the fact that many governments seem to be slowly closing to religion. 4. There has been marked blessing attending In the time of Christ, just when the chief priests the special services on many of our stations for and the rulers of the Jews were seeking to destroy the deepening of the spiritual life of the Chris- Him, the common people were hearing Him gladly. tians, and the stirring of them to increased zeal A missionary writes: and effort in behalf of the salvation of souls here at home and the spreading of the Gospel farther "The doors for Gospel advance are flung wide as never afield. Chinese workers and foreign missionaries, before. The church in Brazil faces an unprecedented op- have conducted such services with blessed results. portunity. Crowds everywhere, as reports come in from Special encouragement has also attended the far and near, are willing to hear with attention and symholding of short-term Bible Schools throughout pathy the call of God to repentance and faith in Christ. our mission field, with the object of increasing The day of march has come!" the knowledge of the Word of God among the Writes another: "God evidently wants Africa, for never was the Holy Spirit more manifestly present there. At rank and file of our Christians, and fitting them Luebo Station alone we baptized this year 2,548 adults, and the church is aflame with zeal for Him." for more effective soul winning, and some among From another missionary comes this message: "There them for full-time preaching. During last year 329 such schools were held with a total of 11,500 is a mighty tide sweeping through China. It is the tide enrolled, in addition to our regular Bible Schools, of God's spirit moving upon the hearts of men." for the fuller training of Chinese pastors, evangelists, and Bible women. Dr. Stanley Jones declares that China presents the greatest evangelistic opportunity in the world. Dr. George Truett, returning from a South Amer- STEPHEN J. COREY ican tour, says the supreme challenge is there. Surely God is at work in all the world!

As to encouragements I see the following: 2. The new fervor for evangelism is one of the 1. An increased wistfulness on the part of min- most encouraging factors in the present mission- isters and others for the realities of religion. ary outlook. Despite the limitations that falling 2. Increased cooperative effort on the mission income have placed upon the work, our mission- fields. aries and their fellow workers are everywhere 3. Humility on the part of Christians in the manifesting an eager desire to extend the work recognition that as a church we have not come into unreached territories. In some fields this abreast of Christ's ideals in America and that centrifugal instinct of our missionaries is quite we must go to others depending upon Him and conspicuous. It is interesting to compare the lat- not on our own superiority. est reports of work in Brazil with those of fifteen 4. The great issues that face us abroad bring years ago and see how the names of stations and stirring challenges. The tides of secularism, na- outstations of former years are being replaced tionalism, and communism, call Christian people, from year to year by new towns and communities.

as never before, to take the message and life of The older ones are not abandoned but they are Christ to the whole world. The distress and dis- being brought to self-support as rapidly as pos- quietude of mankind summons us. Also lands like sible in order to release money and personnel for

the work of extension. It is gratifying to note that remains to be finished; there is even more that in several fields, despite every discourage- that yet remains to be begun. ment of the depression, new work has been opened and is being successfully sustained with most 4. The world has always needed Christ. Her gratifying results. need of Him today in the face of her complexity, bewilderment and sin is more apparent than ever. But it is the native leaders themselves that offer the most conspicuous examples of this evan- 5. In some lands, governments seem determined gelistic fervor. One needs only to mention the to close the doors against Christian missions. Kingdom of God Movement in Japan, the Five Year Plan in China, the evangelistic movement 6. The young life of the Church is ready to go that is sweeping certain sections of the Belgian forward. Applications from volunteers are pour- Congo under the leadership of Tshisungu Daniel ing in to our offices from some of the choicest and others, and the quiet revival of prayer and young men and women in the Church, who are personal work in Korea, as examples of such zeal. prepared to answer the need. The significant thing about these movements is that they have not been born in the initiative and 7. When in ~:very sphere of life the peoples of leadership of missionaries, but are the expression the world are being reminded of their mutual of the evangelistic fervor of native sons who have interdependence and responsibility, shall the set their hearts upon the winning of their own Christian Church forget her responsibility to people for Christ. every man or allow her sense of world mission to be dimmed? Dare we forget that our Lord's 3. Where two such movements as the foregoing, command has never been revoked and still conthe eagerness to hear on the one hand, and the stitutes the marching orders of the Church? eagerness to tell on the other, are found parallel, things are bound to happen. And things have A. C. SNEAD happened. The past year has been the most fruitful results in all the more than 70 years of our In presenting the problems I have already made foreign mission history. Outstanding among the results of the year is the record number of 8,383 mention of some encouragements in the fields. added to the church on profession of their faith 1. The Alliance is privileged to preach the Gosin Christ. It is granted that we cannot always measure spiritual results by statistical standards. pel and to have a share in building the Church However, it is a cause for great joy and thanks- of Christ in more language groups today than giving throughout our Church that last year in our foreign fields the number who stood before ever before in its history. The Church in the fields the world to acknowledge their sins and receive is taking over territory formerly under mission Christ as their Saviour exceeded by more than 2,000 those who took this stand in any previous responsibility and the Mission and the Church year. together are going forward into new tribes and To summarize, it is our feeling that the time new areas where the Gospel is thus being preached has come when a call to advance should be sounded for the first time. among the churches of America. Today the whole world situation is like one vast syllogism every 2. Despite government opposition in Cambodia, premise of which leads to but one inevitable con- the results during 1933 and 1934 are more encourclusion, namely, "Forward again in missions!" aging than at any time since the field was entered 1. The openness of the hearts of men and wom- in 1923. In a few fields the work of translating en around the world to the message of Christian the Bible into tribal languages is being steadily missionaries, attested by the letters that come carried forward and last year one of our mission from every field, constitutes a clear call to renew presses printed over 25,000,000 pages of Scripture our missionary advance. portions and Gospel literature.

2. The unparalleled productivity of mission 3. Both in the home church and on the fields work, yielding richer returns than ever before, there is evidence of the gracious working of the encourages us to move forward. Holy Spirit in causing believers to humble them- 3. Vast untouched areas await a new venture selves before God and definitely seek for a revival. of faith. With national churches gradually taking 4. Twenty-six new missionaries were appointed up the burden of the work we have been doing, it should become more and more our missionary for our Alliance fields in 1934 with the expectation aim and purpose to press out into territories where Christ is not known. There is much work of their sailing during the year or in the early months of 1935.

5. We praise God for increased missionary in- terest evident in many of the home churches and for the missionary zeal shown in the younger churches in -the mission fields. .

I believe that, despite every hindrance that Satan brings, we are facing a day of marvelous opportunity for evangelization in many parts of the world and we are encouraged to press forward in the name and by the enabling of Christ our Lord.

Situation in

As Seen by Dr. Julius Richter of Berlin I N THE Neue Allgemeine Missionszeitschrift, is the well organized propaganda such as that of Dr. Julius Richter of Berlin deals with a num- Agha Khan in the Tanganyika territory and oth- ber of present-day problems which are so im- ers. portant that they deserve close study. The first problem is that presented by the world- The fifth consideration is that to which we are forced by the world-wide propaganda of Bolshewide depression, which demands an adjustment vism. Its soil is amazingly well prepared by the to the shrinking incomes of all mission groups. unworthy and in many instances impossible con- This question in the background of all "recent dis- ditions of obtaining a livelihood among the procussions of missionary problems is "How can the letarians of the earth, as for example the 30,000,- important part of mission work be preserved even 000 unemployed and the abysmal poverty of though many related developments must be cut hundreds of millions of peasants in Imlia, China down ?" Can the present retrenchments of the and Japan. The great strength of this kind of sending bodies be made fruitful by granting the propaganda can hardly be over-estimated. new national churches in the mission field a greater measure of independence, and by urging great- Sixth, there looms the awakening, floodlike and er self-support in view of the diminished income powerful influence of an increasing nationalism. from the home boards?" These efforts of the Hand in hand with it, we observe the awakening younger churches on the mission fields are oc- of the national religions and sometimes the recurcurring at the time when they too are affected by rence, as in Germany, Turkey and Persia, of earlier and forgotten religions, which oppose the world depression. Christianity as being irreconcilable with the new Many factors have altered the position of Prot- ethic.

estant missions since the end of the World War. Changes Since the World War The first factor is the enormous loss of prestige Such conditions are entirely different from the which Christian nations suffered by the disillu- sionments which have befallen the non-Christians. views which prevailed before the war. It was These matters are too well known to need discus- then held that occidental civilization was either sion. identical with Christianity, or at least closely con- Second there is the growing gap between Chris- nected with it. This was the great time for such tianity and some views of modern science. All splendid movements as the Student Volunteers, nations want modern sciences and arts; but they the Missionary Education Movement, the Lay- are very reticent about any desire for Christianity men's Movement and for such slogans as "Evan- or the Christian Church. If we meet within the gelization of the World in this Generation." In body of Christendom such a thing as Bolshevism, Germany, in this period, the great colonial expan- with its radical hatred of all religion, and even in sion gave an impetus to missionary undertakings.

a country like Germany see a decided self-asser- Now, however, many churches are passing tion of a new German paganism on a nationalistic through an era of an ebbing of interest, a reac- basis, need we wonder at a holding back from tion! This reaction is to be deplored. During the Christianity on the part of non-Christian peoples? time referred to there were in most of the fields Third, we should earnestly consider the sur- efforts at work which were to crown the preceding prising progress made by the Roman Catholic efforts, by leading the young churches toward a Church in Africa and the Dutch East India, with complete self-support. But such aims demanded an expenditure of men and money such as the time for maturing. The highly developed conduct combined Protestant missions cannot equal. In of Protestant missions contained within itself an French, Belgian and Portuguese countries this inclination toward institutionalism, such as the Papal church may count on a far-reaching assist- founding of colleges, universities, hospitals, Y. M.

ance from the colonial authorities. C. A. buildings, publication houses. In the case Fourth, in the last few years before the World of even a great lessening of the supply of men War it seemed as if the progress of Islam had and means, there arises a danger of freezing up been retarded. Now we observe that in equatorial the assets of such enterprises. The men and Africa and in Further India, this religion is mak- monies necessary for the work of evangelization ing its power of assimilation felt among the prim- and the growth of the missionary enterprise leave itive peoples within its reach. A decisive factor too few means available for the magnificent enter- [17 ]

prises which have already been called into being. There is the hope that these young churches Dr. Richter thinks that there should be a new will develop a sufficiently large and strong initia- consideration of the work of missions but he de- tive that they will be able to take care of the non- clines such a study on the basis of some sugges- Christian masses surrounding them. We point tions in "Rethinking Missions." There should not with great hopes to the Five Year Plan of Cheng- be any reduction of the Biblical message of salva- chin-yi, the Kingdom-of-God Movement of Kaga- tion. Neither can there be any "moratorium" of wa and can well rejoice in what they have the missionary obligation on account of urgent attained. But as yet, the new churches, notwith- demands at home. The all-obliging missionary standing their excellencies, have not acquired the command, the royal authority and the divine missionary attack that is needed. Besides, we promise are sufficient for all believing Christians. can hardly compute the comparatively enormous What May We Expect? expenditures of effort and means required to carry on such work asthe occidental churches can carry, What may we expect as the fruit of our mission owing to the momentum acquired through the work? Dr. Richter enumerates answers to this centuries.

question, based upon experience gained in many 3. This places us before a great and difficult ages and many countries. task. At present many free missions are hunting 1. There are in Christian history three typical for unoccupied fields for their activity. Most of developments: First, the permeation of the Ro- them fail. The result is that Protestant missions man Empire by the Christian spirit and the Chris- tend to degenerate into aimless guerilla warfare.

tian Church in its competition with Oriental Besides, when we consider the many costly un- mystery cults, then the century of effort to realize dertakings carried by the sending churches, such "One Church-One Empire," and a failure of all as the establishment of such institutions as were these efforts since the rise in the fifth century of mentioned above, how can we expect these young- various separatistic churches. er churches to undertake work of such dimensions, Secondly, in the Germano-Slavic middle ages without abundant assistance from the sending the passing over of entire tribes and peoples under churches?

the leadership of their rulers and then a very slow 4. In the last century the missionary enterprise and very gradual penetration of these peoples with found open doors everywhere. Dr. Richter shows the Christian spirit and ethics. Thirdly, in the by the example of the missions in Africa that, Spanish-Portuguese national or state missions of while then one could be of the opinion that paganthe sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, with ism would soon collapse and what was most Church and State in close alliance, the setting-up needed was to gather the new Christians into of a hierarchy with state subvention. Modern churches, this is far from being true today. Modmissions offer few parallels to such work as the ern civilization is entering Africa by the three christianizing of the South Sea Islanders, largely channels of Protestantism, Catholicism and Islam under the influence of their rulers. and these forms are fighting each other tooth and 2. Nowadays the attention of Protestant mis- nail. However the Protestant churches today face sions is focused on the development of Christian the task of gathering the Negro peoples, so far as groups, with the aim of making them National possible, into Christian churches and train them Churches. It is generally thought that, when this into a real Christian life.

aim is attained, there will be no further need than 5. In Asia the strata first reached by the new to assist such churches in the case of emergencies. influences were the cultured circles. This may be Is such an expectation justified? First of all, in traced most easily in the case of three leading most mission countries the Protestants constitute countries. In Japan, the Samurai were the real only a small percentage of the total population. light bearers of culture. They have also given the For instance, in China two-thirds of a million church some outstanding leaders, such as Neeamong 500 millions, in Japan, 200,000 among 65,- sima, Ouchimura, Kagawa. In India, broader 500,000, in India five millions among 350 millions. areas were more quickly reached, but the caste In none of these countries is the Christian increase system stood in the way. In China the literati less than the increase in the number of births, so that the ratio is constantly shifted. Secondly, in were the on£s who hindered the spread of the all these countries we cannot fail to notice two incoming religious influence, but in more rece'nt peculiar characteristics, the one tending to isolate times there was being prepared a notable change the Christian bodies, the other to absorb them here too. However, since the war, the condition completely. We are not yet advanced to the point of things has changed surprisingly. The greatest where we may be sure that the present day Chris- difficulties today come from the growth of nation- tian groups will escape a similar fate. alism, which in most cases has become a violent

PRESENT SITUATION IN MISSIONS

passion and proves a considerable hindrance to 9. A noteworthy fact is seen in the circumstance the spread of Christian missions. that early Christianity faced a world in the proc- ess of dissolution, while the modern missionary 6. The question arises whether we might not finds that ancient systems are becoming more conhave some other means of reaching the great solidated. This is eminently the case with Hindumasses of Asia, aside from the natural work with ism and Confucianism and only in the case of individuals. In the world of Islam, most mission- Islam in Turkey is it possible to observe a general aries still feel that they must observe a waiting breaking down of the old. attitude before closed doors. But we still have the tried means of entering wedges, such as medical In early mission work in Europe, the bearers of work, schools and colportage. In Japan the work the Gospel found fresh youthful masses that were of Kagawa seems to find access to the masses. In not influenced by any great civilizing movements. India the efforts among those not in the castes We meet such a condition now only in Africa and seem to be gaining in influence. In China we face the South Seas; but in Asia the missionaries have a catastrophe in civilization, and that of colossal had to face ancient cultures, and their initial sucdimensions. Two overpowering influences are at cesses were gained mostly among the lower strata work through the collapse of the ancient Manchu of society. Today the problem is to reach those power. This involves not only the whole ruling who are the possessors of higher culture. In the system with its prestige and its cultural forms, attitude so far observed among such peoples, many but also the break-down of the old Confucian missionaries have had the feeling that all doors system of scholars and men of letters. Three were closed and all seats occupied. Now there are great forces are now entering the country: an indications that catastrophic changes are impendun-religious science, communism and Christianity. ing. Bolshevism is a new force which is present- China and Africa present the greatest missionary ing an aggressive front all over the world and problems in the Christian Church today. people are weighing the claims of Bolshevism against those of Christianity. Here the mission- 7. Christian leaders are sure that foundations ary faces not only a challenge, but an opportunity. have to be dug deeper along three important lines. The first field is the ethical, and spiritual. The 10. Since Lausanne, Christians have come to an problem shows itself most clearly in Africa. There understanding of the definite and essential conpaganism appeared under six forms, ancestor wor- tent of the Christian message. In this there has ship, magic, tyranny of chiefs, polygamy, slavery been a decided gain for the preaching of the and tribalism. Since missionaries were convinced Gospel. that these conditions were impossible among Christians they very properly proceeded to exter- 11. Dr. Richter says that great spiritual moveminate them. However it was frequently over- ments usually pass over peoples like great waves. looked that in the conditions that had matured for He thinks that all countries are at present not on centuries, there might prevail aspects that could the crest of any such waves, but in the depressions be used for the implanting of that which is truly between them. He refers once more to the great Christian. In many cases the African was con- losses which the world has incurred in recent sequently so denationalized that there remained years, such as the collapse of the church in Russia, nothing that could be done, except to ingraft a the liquidation of Panislamism and the Caliphate, life that was really foreign. Now the problem is and the breakdown of Confucianism in China. seen under the aspect of so anchoring the Chris- He mentions also the stop of great Christian movetian church in the native life, that the strength ments in the United States, and similar collapses that actually inheres in it may be used to make its in Germany. powers helpful to the Christian development. A careful study of present-day conditions and Three methods have been held proper in India. resources must give us the conviction for our faith The Roman Catholic Church acted as if paying no and a guidance for our conduct as follows: attention to caste. The Leipzig Mission regarded caste as a social and civil order, which merely That the living God is quietly building His Kingneeded to be purged of non-Christian extrava- dom through all the confusion of the peoples and gances. The Anglo-Saxon missions in the main that this is the end of the ways of God. regarded caste as a satanic perversion that must be utterly exterminated. That the person of Jesus Christ is central for all Christian proclamation and that all mission- 8. A similar problem arises from the conditions of language. At present it is being more fully ary preaching must have its start and goal in it. recognized that the language of a people contains peculiar elements of power that may be fully util- That Jesus Christ and His salvation is the final ized and thus become of great help in the develop- and deepest answer to all questions of human bement of a people. ings and that it is our task to hear the questions that arise from the depths of men and to give the true answer to them.

IF I WERE A MILLIONAIRE* By REV. W. H. Moss, M.A., B.D., HYTHE, ALBERTA, CANADA Do you sometimes plan what you would do if you suddenly became a millionaire? I am do- ing that today after spending two days of pastoral calling in a homesteading part of my parish. I parked my car near the highway and borrowed horse and buggy for the bush trails. Later I parked horse and buggy in the bush and walked more than two miles to visit a lonely bachelor on the far side of a muskeg over which horse and buggy could not travel. Incidentally I got my feet wet. My friend served dinner-fried potatoes, fried eggs, fried meat. (How do their stomachs stand it year after year?) As I was going from place to place, I was wishing I had money. If I were to become a millionaire, I think I should do some of the following things: 1. I should ask for Divine guidance in the discharge of such a responsible mission as the wise handling of so much money.

2. I should give at least one-half to the Missionary and Maintenance Fund.

3. I should continue to be a home missionary.

4. I should, as long as possible, let no one know that I had money, lest I become the prey of those who would besiege me with requests for help and so interfere with my regular work.

5. I should payoff the debt on the local church and relieve my people of the almost intol- erable burden of paying eight per cent interest and thus put new heart into them for complet- ing their place of worship.

6. I should send to Edmonton for a hundred-dollar violin that was sent in by a new settler for repairs two or three years ago and is being held there until the bill of thirteen dollars is settled. Thereby great joy would return to this music-loving homesteader who really needs his beloved instrument for the good of his soul.

7. I should take a pair of shoes to the cobbler and have patches put on the soles.

8. I should accede to the unusual request of one man for certain drugs for the treatment of bedbugs. He says he can't abide them.

9. I should buy school books for a girl. The grade desired is being taught in the local school and all she requires to continue her education is about eight dollars for books.

10. I should send a most promising young man to university in order that he prepare him- self for the Christian ministry.

11. I should buy organs for three log schools where I hold services.

12. I should provide a home in this village under the care of a Christian matron, so that several girls in the surrounding district might go on to school. Their people can supply meat and vegetables; what is needed is a place to stay and that place ought to be under reliable supervision.

13. I should build a hospital here, for the nearest at present is forty-five miles away and difficult to reach when roads are blocked in winter. I should have free medical service for the poor. Then there would need to be no babies born in crude shacks without a doctor in attend- ance.

14. I should give to every minister on a home mission field a year's leave of absence once in seven years and pay all expenses while he and his family visited their friends and he took a term at college.

*** But as I am not a millionaire, I pray that I be not like the Irishman who had a needy friend and said that if he had two cows he would give him one; and yet he did have two pigs and would not give one of those.

• Adapted from the United Ohurch Record and Mi88io,nary Review.

Cooperative Advance at

By the REV. CHARLES E. SCHAEFFER, D.D.

President of the Home Missions Council; Secretary of the Board of Home Missions, Reformed Church in the United States I T SEEMS anomalous under existing conditions These Christian leaders felt that a new social in the Church today to be speaking of an ad- order, new conditions territorially, religiously 1l.nd vance. The organized forces of Christianity ecclesiastically required a new strategy and a new are almost everywhere sounding the note of re- approach to the whole problem. Consequently treat. The slogan along the whole battle line is they launched "The New Cooperative Advance." that of retrenchment. Nearly all the home mis- If the advance of former days had spent its force, sion boards are either marking time or have re- a new advance would have to be made, so that called a large part ·of their forces from the field. home missions might always be true to its real Whole areas which were once missionary ground genius and spirit.

have been given up and the financial pressure has This new advance was to be along three distinct been such that curtailment of effort has become lines.

imperative and has caused grave concern among 1. The old home mission advance was on de- missionary leaders. nominational lines and the early religious history The heart and kernel of the work of home mis- of America was based largely upon denomination- sions has always been the pioneer spirit. The alism. This was practically inevitable when home mission forces have always constituted the America was new and young. Denominationalism advance guard of the Church. They have blazed had its rise in national, social, lingual, creedal, new trails, opened up new highways, discovered new areas and have always marched breast for- and racial peculiarities. I ward at the van of the procession. That is the very genius of this great movement in the bosom Some of these were an importation from the 'old or world, and some grew out of the religious soil ill America itself. But whatever their origin of the Church. A little more than a century ago historical basis, these denominations were per- the religious forces of North America were cen- petuated and extended into other sections of the tered in the eastern part of the continent. Then country. This has resulted in an oversupply of when the various denominations became auton- churches in many communities and has become the omous and indigenous, there followed a wave of chief target of the critics and of the cynics. It missionary expansion such as has never been wit- has resulted in the multiplication of churches of nessed in any age or in any land. Impelled by an many stripes and names, of sects, some of which onward urge the forces of Christianity pressed are so small as to be mere insects. This has been into the virgin lands and into the frontiers of our the scandal of Protestantism in America. Some country. The results were astounding. Churches churches are so small that they have no ability to and schools and colleges sprang up like Jonah's function effectively in Kingdom building. They gourd overnight and dotted the land with religious have a struggle for self-preservation. They be- a,nd educational institutions. All this was accom- come ends in themselves and thus they obscure plished practically within the space of a century the real mission of a church in a community.

and a half. Then suddenly, as though a hand had The new home mission advance now shifts the reached down, this expansive program of the emphasis from denominationalism to interdenom- Church was arrested. It halted along the whole inationalism. It does not advocate undenomina- front until today we are compelled to take an in- tionalism but it espouses interdenominationalism.

ventory of stock and make a fresh 'appraisal of It believes that there are foci points where denom- our task. Noone so keenly sensed this change of inations can join hands and where united effort conditions as did the home mission leaders. About becomes more effective, if not more economical, ten years ago they began to see which way the than single handed denominational activity.

wind was blowing and undertook to set their sails 2. The second new line of advance is that of in the right direction. They who walked late on cooperative effort. The old home mission enter- the deck saw strange lights rise and fall and they prise was inspired largely by the competitive prepared to meet the new situation when once it spirit. Each denomination tried to outrun, out- confronted them. strip, outdo the others. The law of the jungle [21 ]

prevailed. The Nietsche law of the superman in activity. Even this is better than unfriendly rivreligious circles dominated almost every situation. alry and un-Christian competition, but it by no Consequently there was a rivalry for place, pres- means exhausts the meaning of comity. There is tige, power. The rivalry was not always friendly. a positive aspect which involves not merely keep- The Kingdom of God suffered violence and the ing out of each others' way, but also means muviolent took it by force. There was a regular tual support and aid. Comity involves the idea stampede to occupy territory first, to erect the of the "big brother" on the part of denominations. most handsome, most costly edifice, and to secure Thus when a given field is allocated to a denomthe largest possible membership. Proselytism was ination the other denominations should say not practiced beyond measure and the church that had merely "Go to it-God bless you," but they should the pull and had the preacher and had the purse, come forward with their treasures, their money, got the lion's share and the others had to take the their members and pour the same into the allohindmost. Many a poor, discouraged minister had cated field so that the denomination that has asto be satisfied with the gleanings in the corners sumed responsibility for it can meet the situation of the field which had been neglected by the har- adequately. This can be done far more readily in vesters who reaped the full harvest. And all this new than in old communities. In new communitime the established Church in the East kept pour- ties local loyalties and traditions have not yet had ing money into these "mission fields" which were time to take root and develop as is the case in old largely competition centers. and well-established communities.

The wastefulness, the extravagance, the sinful- Certainly such principles of comity could be ness of this sort of ruthless rivalry in due time readily worked out among foreign-speaking comlaid hold upon the consciousness and conscience munities. Already much progress is being made of missionary leaders. They saw what a violation along many lines. I name only a few. There is this was of the spirit of the Christ whom they the matter of Religious Work Directors in Govprofessed to serve. And they said among them- ernment Indian schools. There is the work among selves, "This thing must stop!" There must be a the Mexicans, where nine denominations are cosubstitute for competition. There must be an end operating in work among Mexicans and Spanishto ecclesiastical rivalry. And happily they hit speaking Americans. There are the Summer upon the word cooperative, and declared that the Schools for rural ministers; there is the Chrishome mission advance must be along cooperative tian Approach to the Jews; there are definite lines. They set up committees on Comity; they local projects such as at Radburn, New Jersey; advocated the organization of State and City Boulder City, Nevada; the Tennessee Valley Councils, and projected programs of united action. Project; the work in the West Indies, in Puerto This involved a change of the whole psychology Rico and Santo Domingo. There have been set up of the churches but this cannot be effected over Denominational Community Churches, Federnight. Prejudices and policies are too deep seated ated Churches, Undenominational Community to be immediately supplanted by something else. Churches and Affiliated Churches. It is evident A long process of education is required to change that the home mission forces are on the advance people's mental and moral attitudes. Today no in Comity and Cooperation. one can question the rising tide of interest in comity and cooperation throughout the Protestant 3. The old home mission work centered its ef- Church. This growing interest proceeds in part forts almost exclusively upon individuals. The from practical considerations. Our Home Mis- work of making Americans Christians has been sion and Church extension agencies are financially only a partial success, as statistics sadly reveal. embarrassed and sheer necessity is compelling Out of 125,000,000 people, at least 70,000,000 rethem to pool their forces and resources with main outside of any organized institutions of reothers if the task is to be completed. This interest ligion. The National Home Missions Congress in springs also from spiritual considerations. Minor Washington, 1930, stated the task of home misissues which divide us are being put into the back- sions as involving "the winning of men and women ground and major issues which unite us are thrust to discipleship of Jesus Christ and to unite them into the foreground. The clearer vision of the with other disciples in the fellowship of the Chrismeaning, and the mission of the Church is serv- tian Church." ing as a great unifying and cooperative impetus among all right thinking people. This is only one phase of the task. The Con- gress went on to say that the task is also "to bring But comity has both a negative and a positive the Christian impulse to bear upon the broad, aspect. Negatively, it means not interfering with social and civic questions of our day." In other the plans of my Christian neighbor. It is the easy, words the new cooperative advance includes em- "let alone" policy in the field of denominational phasis on the social application of the Gospel of Jesus Christ, the christianization of all of life as

NEW COOPERATIVE ADVANCE AT HOME

well as of every life. It insists that all relation- and unified promotion of all the interests of the ships of life must be brought under the dominant Church. control of Christ. Here we face a task of tremendous proportions. This is a real job and the 2. An Advance in Promotion. This involves: task remains unfinished until every area of life (1) The bringing to the Protestant Church of is thoroughly christianized. Horrie missions today America a new vision of its entire task. (2) A is as nect!ssary and its opportunity is as great as thorough coordination of all the agencies of the ever in the history of our nation. The enterprise Church in an inclusive program in order that their somehow must recover its ancient passion and essential unity may be adequately expressed. (3) power. To the Church there must be restored a Not only to express this essential unity but at the sense of urgency and obligation in christianizing same time to contribute to the efficiency, the econ- America. But this task must be done not in the omy and the goodwill of the total task. haphazard, helter skelter fashion of pioneer and frontier days, but along well planned and defi- In the language of Dr. Henry W. A. Hanson, nitely constructive ways. The program must be President of Gettysburg College and Chairman of along educational and inspirational lines, based the Special Committee on Review and Forecast: upon sound ethical principles involving construc- "If Christianity is to make an impress of any contive methods of comity and cooperation. sequence, it will be done by a cooperating Church. The time has come for suspicions and misunder- The Home Missions Council and the Council of standings, based largely on superficial differences, Women for Home Missions have planned this co- to be put into the background. The great task of operative advance along two fronts: putting Jesus Christ into the life of our age will be achieved only by a cooperating Christian 1. An Advance in Program. (1) This involves Church. Will the Church be equal to the opporan adequate occupancy of every community with tunity of the present hour? If we fail in this the Christian ministry. (2) The avoidance as far as possible of all duplication of effort and of com- hour, the opportunity will be gone and we shall petition. (3) The setting up over the whole field of interdenominational organizations, in regions, stand condemned as unprofitable servants who states and cities, for the purpose of church planning, comity adjustments, cooperative activities have failed in a great crisis."

In the language of Dr. E. Stanley Jones: "We cannot go further unless we go deeper."

Satisfied I do not ask that I may see all of the road But if my groping hand can find Thee close beside My feet must press from day to day. Me, when the darkness closes round; I do not pray that all the burden of my load, If o'er my heart Thy love flows like a tender tide From off my heart be dropped away. When heavy burdens press me down; I do not wish that all the stones that bruise my If I can feel Thine arm about me when I fall feet Because the path is rough and steep; Be flung from off the path I climb. If I can lift my tear-stained face at Thy sweet I do not want the sorrows that my soul must meet, call Changed to some ecstasy sublime. When torn by pain and sorrow deep.

Then will the wounds I bear more precious be than gold, Or any treasure I can gain.

Then sudden shock or conflict fierce will find me bold To stand for Thee, nor heed the pain.

Then with Thy tenderness my brother's head I'll raise, And walk his faltering steps beside; Rejoicing in Thy love and at Thy smile of praise. And .0-1 shall be satisfied. -Don C. Carver, in The Christian Intelligencer.

a Kurd Becomes a

The Remarkable Story of a Moslem Mullah of Kurdistan -~I J; ;I ;;;;;;PI;;;;;;E"""RS_O;;;;;;N=====!.III~ ====B"""Y"""D"""E"""L;;;;;;A;;;;;;V;;;;;;AN=;;;;;;L;;;;;;.

ISLAM is proverbially the impregnable rock or religious dignitaries, and his father, Mullah which defies the advance of Christian mis- Rassul, was a distinguished Moslem theologian. sions. Raymond Lull, the early apostle to Mos- The boy was brilliant in mind and devout in spirit. lems, declared that he would die content if he At six years of age he could read the Koran and could see one follower of Mohammed truly con- soon mastered the Persian classics and Moslem verted to the Christian faith. Of all Moslems theology. When he was thirteen his father died there are probably none more fanatical and bit- and Sa'eed, a student of Moslem law and theology, terly antagonistic to Christianity than the Kurds became a teacher in the mosque school. He ad- of Kurdistan. These people are hardy mountain- vanced rapidly in religious and literary circles, eers, living in the territory of western Asia, a was considered a brilliant theologian, a master of t~rtitory extending from Lake Van and Mount Persian literature and a pious worshipper in the Arttrat to Kermanshah in Persia. They are fierce mosque. He was initiated into the mystic and fighters and many are brigands. Dr. Isaac Yonan powerful Naksh-Bandi order of the Sunni sect of'/(jrumia calls them generally "illiterate, crafty, and was looked upon as the rising star of Senneh.

wild, fanatically religious, warlike, lazy, treacher- While he was still in his teens people came from ous, cruel, hospitable, independent and remorse- far and near to ask him to write prayers, to be less robbers ….. To a Kurd a rifle of any new sewn in their clothes or hung in their houses, to European model is worth more than a wife, and ward off sickness and misfortune.

a good horse is worth more than a wife and two While Sa'eed was still in his early teens, he first concubines!' These people are all blindly fanat- came into contact with Christianity. Two of his ical members of the Sunni sect-those who strict- private pupils were sons of a Roman Catholic ly follow Moslem tradition. merchant and in their family he saw the use of Can one of such a race, and with such inborn strong drink which is very obnoxious to orthodox prejudices and wild ways of life, be persuaded to Moslems. A copy of the New Testament in Per- forsake his people and religion and become a true sian came into his hands through a student but follower of Jesus Christ? It is certainly impos- he could not understand it and a Catholic priest sible through any message or philosophy'recom- whom he ·consulted could not explain passages mended in the Laymen's Missionary report. that puzzled him. So he cast the book away in But that such a transformation is possible disgust. Image and picture worship, both ana- through the Gospel of Jesus Christ, is clearly thema to Moslems, which he saw in Catholic homes proved in the story of Sa'eed the Kurd, of SennElh' .a.nd.:cliurches, jed~himto believe that all Chris- who became Sa'eed, Khan, the Beloved Physician tians were idolaters and gewors (heathen). He of Teheran. His experience is one of the most gave thanks that he was a Moslem and determined remarkable and thrilling in the annals of mission- to do all in his power to bring infidel Christians ary history. The man is today an answerable to the true worship of.Allah as revealed in the argument for the power of Christ and the worth- Koran. .'~ whileness of Christian missions.* Thus he became~till more studious and devout Sa'eed was born seventy years ago in Sen- in his observance' of all the requirements of his neh, a city of some 60,000 inhabitants, with the Islamic faith. – reputation for being the most fanatical in Eastern At about this time an Assyrian Protestant Kurdistan. It has more mosques than any other Christian, Kasha Yohannan (Pastor John) of city of its size. Sa'eed came of a line of mullahs, Urumia came to Senneh, sent by the American –;-;rhls remarkable life-story is told In "The Belo·ved Physician of missionaries as an evangelist. He inquired for bTuerhyeraPnr,e"ssb, yNDasrh. vIisllaea,c TYenonneasnseoef. Pe$r1s.i0a0.. Published by the C<>kes- some one to teach him Persian and was referred [24 ] DR. SA'EED KHAN, THE CHRIST'I'&N KURD, AND HIS SONS to Mullah Mohammed Sa'eed as he was then called. controversy was an eye-opener for Sa'eed and Finally an agreement was reached whereby the created in him a genuine admiration for his mullah would teach the pastor Persian in ex- Christian teacher. change for lessons in Syriac. They used the Psalms and the Gospels in Persian and Syriac as At this time the elder brother, Kaka, the head a basis for their study. At first Sa'eed would not of the family, became disturbed over the growing give a "Salaam" (peace be on you) on entering friendship, and forbade Sa'eed to continue assothe house of this unbeliever so he deceived him by ciating with the gewor. But when the young man saying "Sahham" (may the sword come upon explained that his purpose was to expose the unyou). While the Prophet Mohammed indorsed tenable position of Christians and to lead them to both the Old and New Testament, Moslem tradi- the true faith, Kaka was persuaded to withdraw tion teaches that the Bible of the Christians is a his prohibition. The brilliant youth continued to hopelessly corrupted form of the original text. visit and argue with the older pastor who dis- Pastor John's prayers were not formal but sin- cussed with him patiently the relative merits of cere and included confession of sin and petitions Islam and Christianity, comparing the Bible and for friends and enemies alike-something abso- the Koran, Jesus and Mohammed. Sa'eed began lutely foreign to Islam. The pastor was a man to see that the Pastor understood the Bible and of tact and loving spirit. He did not criticize also the Koran. They read together the Sermon Mohammed or the Koran but lived a Christian on the Mount and the Gospel of John, one prelife before his pupil-teacher and so won his con- senting the social principles of Christianity and fidence and respect. the other presenting the evidence of the deity of Jesus. The Psalms and Isaiah brought to light Christian work among Moslems being pre- the Old Testament prophecies of the Messiah-all scribed in Senneh, Pastor John started his mis- points of controversy between Moslems and Chrissionary work among the Jews. One day a group tians. Sa'eed's interest deepened from day to day. of young Jews challenged him to prove that Jesus He compared the prophecies, the birth and life was the promised Messiah of the Old Testament. and death of Jesus with the history of Moham- Sa'eed happened to be present and, as a neutral, med. The explanations of Sheik Imam J umeh was asked to act as judge. Later Sa'eed wrote: were not satisfactory, while those of Pastor John "Pastor John, throughout the discussion that last- showed knowledge and honest reasonableness. ed three hours, impressed me with his unpreju- Sa'eed had been taught that Old Testament prophdiced honesty and remarkable knowledge of the ecies referred to Mohammed not to Christ but Old Testament. I often had to rebuke the Jews as he read the forty-second chapter of Isaiah and for their stupidity and hardness of heart." This other passages he could not fit them into the his-

tory of the prophet of Mecca. The one was the Finally Christ conquered. Sa'eed says, "In the embodiment of love and purity and peace; the twinkling of an eye the raging sea was hushed, other was the prophet of the law, of compromise and peace flooded my soul. I could not have ex- with the flesh and an advocate of war. Sa'eed plained why I loved Jeesus but I was simply began to study Hebrew so that he might find out charmed." It had taken two years to reach this if the Old Testament had ,been accurately trans- decision and Sa'eed had counted the cost. He knew lated. Later he said: that apostasy was looked up'on among his people "The things that impressed me most and caused as a crime worthy of death.. ,' His bigoted brother the light to come into my soul were the beautiful and uncles and the whole clan would be enraged life of Pastor John, his truthfulness, his wisdom at the thought of one of their number-a mullah- and knowledge of the Scriptures. As I compared becoming a renegade. It was a gigantic battle this with my own life and the lives of great Mos- for a youth of eighteen, but he felt convinced that lem ecclesiastics I said: 'Surely there must be in God was with him. Soon after this Pastor John Christianity something more sweet and powerful was obliged to.1eave Sennah but before leaving he than there is in Islam.' ….. One day I asked the baptized Sa'eed behind closed doors.

pastor plainly: 'What do Christians think of Mo- For some time the young convert continued to hammed?' He hesitated and then said, 'Jesus said teach in the mosque and to perform his duties as that false prophets would come after Him. The a muezzin five times a day. Then one day, as he life and character of Mohammed are such that read the words of Christ, "Ye cannot serve two we do not think he is a worthy prophet to repre- masters," he seemed to hear a voice saying to sent the Holy God.''' him: "Sa'eed, you are trying to serve two mas- But Sa'eed was not ready to yield. He was ters. You do not believe in what you testify in angry and returned Pastor John's Bible, ceased the muezzin call that 'Mohammed is the apostle his visits for a time and devoted himself more of God.''' That evening he compromised and in than ever to the Koran, to his religious duties, to place of calling out, "ashad-inna" (I testify) he his religious teaching and to his work as a muez- used the words "astakh-/er-Allah" (God forbid) zin (giving the daily calls to prayer). But he that Mohammed is the apostle of God. But this could not escape from Christ. One day the thought did not long satisfy his sense of loyalty to his came to him: "What, after all, if Mohammed was Master. One day when he was sitting in a vine- an imposter?" The shock was so terrific that yard, reading the story of the crucifixion and men- Sa'eed began to buffet himself saying, "0, cursed tally picturing Christ's death on the cross for him, fellow. Satan has got hold of your heart." He he had a desire to celebrate the communion.

sought cleansing and peace by ablutions and Opening his handkerchief he took out the bread prayers, but in vain. He was in agony and con- for his luncheon squeezed grapes into the palm tinually sleepless. One night he jumped up de- of his hand and partook of them in memory of termined to atone for his blasphemy against his Christ. "The vineyard became a temple and the prophet. He branded his legs with live coals, common meal a sacrament." New strength came making two deep scars to remind him that he was into his soul and he decided that he must deny a Moslem and that he must never again converse himself, take up his cross and follow Christ. That on religion with a gewor. night there was no muezzin call from the minaret.

Still peace did not come to the soul of Sa'eed. His kinsfolk noted the silence of Sa'eed's voice As the scars on his legs healed the burning in his and feared that he might be ill. When the young heart grew more unbearable. The. more he studied and taught the Koran, the more he discovered its man came home he found members of the clan errors. One night, as he returned from the mosque gathered and he handed his brother a letter which he stumbled and fell. Lifting up his voice he read: cried out, "0 God, make plain to me the right way and I will follow it. Otherwise I will go insane." In the nu'/11./l of one only God My Brother: The dangers to my life grow greater day by day. I am a Christian and confess it to you openly. If you will murder your brother my life is in your hands. I cannot escape-yet death will be gain to me. If you In an instant he says, "I felt lifted up and made spare my life, I will be thankful and will serve you as up my mind as to what I should do." much as I can. My wish is to leave here so that you Again he began to visit Pastor John and spent may be in peace. Your brother, Sa'eed. hours each day in study of the Bible, memorizing the Sermon on the Mount. He was particularly A bomb exploded in the midst of the company impressed by the book of Isaiah, the Gospel of could not have created greater consternation.

John, some of the Psalms, and the narrative of Women pulled their hair, beat their breasts and the suffering, death and resurrection of Christ. the men shouted "Ka/ir" (blasphemy). Kaka, his At the same time he studied and compared the brother, laid his hand on his dagger with the im- Koran and the Moslem commentaries. . pulse to slay the renegade who had become an

WHEN A KURD BECOMES A CHRISTIAN

infidel. The uncles urged delay and suggested that was called to their homes all over the city, night Sa'eed was deranged and that he be given an op- and day. Later he visited England to perfect portunity to recant. That night while the family himself in surgery and in the treatment of eye, were asleep on the roof the young man left his nose and throat. When he returned to Hamadan home determined to flee to Hamadan and there he specialized in eye surgery and word of his won- take refuge with the missionaries. He was over- derful kindness and skill spread to every part of taken and beaten. When his brother threatened Persia.

to kill him Sa'eed calmly said, "My brother, do During an insurrection he was called upon to not kill me-not for my sake but for your own." accompany the army of Ain-Douleh, son-in-law The Moslem's rage subsided before the gentleness to the Shah, to minister to the soldiers. In this of the Christian; the spirit of Christ was vic- campaign his private tent was next to that of the torious over the sword of Mohammed. As the general on whom his humble Christian life and brothers returned home Sa'eed began to tell his unselfish service made a deep impression. In rec- brother why he had determined to follow Christ ognition of his services, Sa'eed was given a yearly but Kaka only cursed him for his blasphemy. allowance for life and the honorary title of Khan.

Murderous threats followed from the fanatical He became for a time private physician to Ain- uncles. Again at night Sa'eed fled and again he Douleh with whom he had many private conversa- was followed and brought back but the third time, tions on spiritual themes. When one of the favor- by avoiding the highways and traveling at night, ite wives of the Shah, Muzaffar-AI-Din, was taken he reached Hamadan weary and famished. Here ill Dr. Sa'eed Khan was chosen, instead of any of Dr. Alexander, the Presbyterian mission surgeon, the foreign doctors, to perform the operation. He gave him food and shelter and after hearing his prayed earnestly to God for strength and the oper- story put him to work at the menial task of ation was successful. Thus Dr. Sa'eed Khan, the stable boy. persecuted and despised apostate Moslem, one- Now began a new period of Sa'eed's life. As time stable-boy in the American Mission, became the young man thought of his Master born in a one of the high dignitaries of the Persian Capital, manger, the stable became a sanctuary where he in great favor at the Shah's court.

could read his Bible and worship God without At one time he was called to the bedside of an fear. His family gave him up for lost but as the influential Moslem ecclesiastic who had been bit- news of his apostasy spread, all Kurdestan was ter in his hatred for the apostate doctor. The case stirred with rage; bazaars hummed with gossip was discovered to be beyond the help of medicine and decrees were issued by leading sheikhs sanc- or surgery. This was explained to the patient and tioning his murder. Dr. Sa'eed asked his consent to carry the case in Another Assyrian Christian from Urumia, Pas- prayer to the Great Physician. Now Sa'eed the tor Simon, who was living in Hamadan, soon dis- doctor became Sa'eed the intercessor. Taking the covered in Sa'eed a true Christian and a scholar cold hand of the mullah he kneeled down by the whose talents and training were too valuable to bedside and prayed, be devoted to caring for horses. He engaged the "0, blessed Jesus, our only hope for the recov- young man as a teacher of Persian language and ery of this Thy sinful creature is in Thee alone.

literature, while in his spare time Sa'eed studied Thy power and mercy are without limit. If it be English and medicine under Dr. Alexander. Be- according to Thy Holy will, wilt thou restore him fore long Kaka came to visit Hamadan, in search to health again."

of his brother, and was so impressed by his joy As he prayed, the tears rolled slown his cheeks. and beauty of character that he too became a The effect was startling-his courage, his sym- Christian. pathy, his honesty and his sincerity made a deep The Christian Doc.tor impression. The patient recovered and became the After a period of preparation Sa'eed became an life-long friend of the doctor.

assistant in the mission hospital and seven years But while friends increased, his enemies were later began his own medical practice. He also still many and bitter. At one time he desired to gave public adresses in Christianity to patients visit Urumia to see his wife's relatives and to meet and students. On all his visits to patients, both again his old friend and spiritual father, Pastor rich and poor, he carried his Bible and never John. His road led through Kurdestan which was missed an opportunity to speak to them of sin, its in turmoil on account of an effort to rescue a girl consequences and its cure and of the Great Physi- who had been taken by force into the harem of a cian of souls. Thus, in a remarkable way, he ef- Kurdish chief. The roads were unsafe and Dr.

fectively combined ministry to the physical and Sa'eed was urged not to pass through Kurdestan, spiritual needs of his patients. His fame spread the stronghold of his enemies who had sworn to so that hundreds crowded his dispensary and he kill him. After prayer, however, he decided to

trust in God's protection and to take the journey. begged to be excused from this liberal hospitality He went through the hostile country, ministering and settled at the home of Shamasha Shumel everywhere to the sick and giving medicines to all (Deacon Samuel), who was the native missionary in need. His courage, courtesy, kindness and from V rumia. An hour later a secretary of the skill disarmed the hostile Kurds and they became Governor appeared with four or five servants his friends. bringing a few cones of sugar, a quantity of tea, But Dr. Sa'eed's heart still yearned to help his some candy, and two young lambs for our supper, own people in Senneh, who were still bitter in as well as a letter of invitation to dine with the their hatred of the apostate who had disgraced Governor the next day. Our visit with the Gov- the family name. Since he himself could not re- ernor was most pleasant. He embraced Dr. Sa'eed turn home, he finally persuaded Dr. Jesse Yonan, very cordially for the two had become acquainted an Assyrian physician who had studied in Amer- when Zafar VI Mulk was Governor-General in ica, to go to Senneh to serve his people as a Chris- Hamadan. After dinner we met several of the tian physician. Dr. Sa'eed accompanied his sub- high dignitaries who all knew Dr. Sa'eed by repu- stitute for some distance on the journey. On the tation, as an apostate from Islam.

way they met a noted brigand who came to consult Many of the mullahs were anxious to meet Dr.

the doctor on prevalent diseases and their treat- Sa'eed for a religious controversy, and they ment. Learning something of the doctor's fluency crowded into the large living room at Shamasha in speaking and writing in Turkish, Kurdish, Shumel's. The doctor met their questions with Arabic, Syriac, Persian, and English, the chieftain such clear, uncompromising statements that Jesus asked him to write something that he could keep. is the only Saviour and gave such evidence of his In response the doctor wrote John 3: 16 and superior knowledge of the Koran and his ac- signed his name. The brigand was astonished to quaintance with the Bible that the audience was find that the name was Kurdish and when the greatly impressed. Instead of challenging him, doctor confessed that he was a Christian a change as had been their intention, they were spellbound came over the visitor and he said: "It is a pity under his earnest exposition of the Bible. After I have accepted your hospitality so that I cannot listening for more than an hour these men were kill you." Without another word he withdrew. changed from enemies to friends. Two "men"

At another time the doctor was waylaid by from Senneh who had vowed to kill him, ap- brigands but when they found that he was a physi- proached Dr. Sa'eed. They had been boyhood cian they only asked about the treatment of cer- classmates in Senneh and everyone expected them tain diseases, received a supply of quinine and to attack him; but as soon as they neared the boric acid and then sent a guard to accompany the doctor they embraced him most affectionately. The "Honorable Doctor" to his next stopping place. occasion was very solemn and made a profound Dr. Yonan, his companion, writes: impression upon all those present and the would- "Monday morning, before starting out, we were be murderers departed with love in their hearts.

warned by the Rev. Benjamin Labaree, not to go When Dr. Sa'eed and Dr. Yonan left Souj- through Souj-Boologh, because he was informed Boologh more than one hundred and fifty people, that two men from Senneh had come to Souj- most of them Kurds, from all walks of life, came Boologh and were waiting there to meet and kill to see them off and the two men, who had come Dr. Sa'eed. We hesitated and then the doctor with murder in their hearts, wer·e the last to say said: 'All of yesterday and today we have been good bye. No miracle could have been greater preaching to the people about the presence of God than the change from assassins to kind, and brothand about His p~otecting power; now we are dis- erly friends.

playing our own lack of faith in that power.' We Some twenty years ago Dr. Sa'eed received a decided at once to take the route through Souj- very urgent appeal to come to the help of a Kurd- Boologh and started out much encouraged. The ish sultan (or great chief) who lived at Awraman, city of Souj-Boologh is the seat of the govern- eight days' journey on horseback from Hamadan.

ment and is situAted on a mountain slope. The The danger was great and the Doctor's friends Governor's palace was in a most commanding strongly opposed his· risking his life among wild position, from which the Governor could observe, and fanatic Kurds many of whom were brigands with his field glasses the movements of the travel- and one of wbose sheikhs had issued a "decree of ers on the main road leading to the city. He evi- sanction" to murder Sa'eed as an apostate from dently saw our caravan long before our arrival Islam. The Kurdish sultan sent an armed escort for we were met by a deputation sent to inform and promised to be responsible for the Doctor's us that the Governor was greatly pleased to know safe return home, so after laying the matter be- of the presence of Dr. Sa'eed, Khan, and desired fore God in prayer, Dr. Sa'eed felt it was his duty us to be his guests at the mansion. Politely we to go. He reached Awraman safely, performed

the operation that successfully restored the sul- Dr. Sa'eed was teaching his regular Bible in his tan's eyesight and ministered to many other pa- home in Teheran, a man entered with a few of tients. The hostile sheikh, realizing that he could his followers. It was Mahmood Khan Sanni, the not kill the doctor while he was under the sultan's notorious Kurdish brigand. He had been capprotection, endeavored to win him back to Islam tured by Government troops and brought to Teby sending a large delegation of the mystical heran as a hostage. Now, conscience-stricken, he Naksh-Bandi, the society to which Sa'eed had fell on his knees and kissed the hem of the docformerly belonged. The doctor describes the tor's robe. Then he sat down and heard the good scene as follows: physician expound the passage from Romans 5: 8-10, "While we were yet sinners, Christ died for The court was packed as I entered and the sheikh wel- us." "If, when we were yet enemies we were comed me in the name of all, and showed me a place to reconciled to God by the death of His Son, much sit by his side. After a~ exchange of formal greetings, more, being reconciled we shall be saved by His everything became very quiet. As I looked around the life." audience, what a sight! Every eye was fixed on me. I could see blood and hatred, violence and vengeance, in At the close of the Bible study, the former brigthose serious and gloomy faces. A feeling of anxiety for and made a humble confession, and received a a moment depressed me and I prayed in my heart, "0 Bible and religious tracts. Since then the peni- God, I am in a lions' den. Be as close to thy servant as tent sinner has been a frequent visitor in the home thou wast to thy servant Daniel." of the doctor and he and his men have received hundreds of dollars worth of medicines and treat- At a sign from the sheikh all the audience at ment free of charge from the one whom he once once began to sing and chant, at first in moderate tried to kill. Once more Christ-like love has and subdued tones, then slowly growing louder proved itself more than conqueror over hatred and wilder. When they were well warmed up, and murder. reason gave way to emotional excitement; they beat their uncovered breasts and faces, shouting The captain of the sultan's band that escorted and howling like madmen. Their mouths were Dr. Sa'eed on his perilous journey was a devout foaming, but they still repeated the word "Allah" Moslem and a descendant of the prophet. On the until they had lost their voices. When they had journey he saw Christ and the Christian religion reached a high pitch of excitement, slowly they so clearly exemplified in the Doctor's life and in began to lapse into a state of hypnotic insensibil- his testimony from the Word of God, that he too ity. Dr. Sa'eed wrote: later confessed Christ as his Saviour and Lord. He visited Hamadan to learn more of Christ and took The sheikh had arranged this performance with the back with him Bibles in Persian and Arabic and idea of warming my cold heart, and to make me return tracts to distribute among his people. to the true faith. But as I listened and observed, how my soul bowed before Him, the Son of God who had sev- Can Moslems be converted? Can a fanatical ered my chains and had set me free from this wild slavery. Kurd become a Christian? Is Christ greater than Tears came to my eyes and I had difficulty in keeping Mohammed? Is the Word of God more powerful them back lest they should fall at the wrong time and than the sword of Islam? Who can doubt it after carry a wrong impression. Did not my soul tell him, reading the history of Dr. Sa'eed, Khan, the Be- "I have more understanding than all my teachers: for loved Physician of Teheran? He is now over thy testimonies are my meditation. I understand more seventy years of age and has been a Christian than the ancients, because I keep thy precepts?" (Psalm for over half a century. He has grown daily in 119: 99, 100.) Christian experience, has reflected Christ in his daily life and in his medical service. Without During the performance, which lasted over two slighting the requirements of his medical prohours, the doctor was a quiet listener and ob- fession he has been a true evangelist. He has server. When the meeting was over, he expressed been a constant student and teacher of the Bible, his thanks and returned to the sultan's house. and his faith and COlll"ag-e and love have never failed. Thousands of Kurds, Persians, Jews, The sheikh, seeing that his "spiritual perform- Turks, Assyrians, Armenians and others of all ance" had accomplished no result, wrote and stations and conditions-high and low, rich and asked for another private interview but the doc- poor, learned and ignorant-rise up to call him tor wrote him a letter, quoting verses from the blessed. Can anyone estimate the result at home Koran and traditions, and concluded by inviting and in the mission fields if ('very Christian would him to become a Christian. so reveal the spirit and power of Christ in char- acter and dailv jifp? What Jesus Christ can do The hostile sheikh, defeated in his purpose, for a converted Kurd, He can do for men and hired a notorious brigand, Khan Sanni, an enemy women of any other race or nation. of the sultan, to waylay the doctor and kill him on the road at night. This plot was discovered and the sultan sent the doctor and his escort by another road. After the brigands had waited in ambush for five days, they returned "like whipped dogs" to report their failure.

Fifteen years later one Sunday afternoon, when

Eben E

.If Devoted Friend of Missions and Missionaries _~I.L.._=R=E=V==.=AS_AnM_AU=EppL_rM_e._ZCiW_aEtM_iEoR_,n_D_b.yD=.t,hP_rei=n=c=et=o=n=,;N;;.!]J.il~~._ W HEN Kate Van Santvoord Olcott, of New ficial benevolence were all to one end, the advance- York City, fell asleep on Thanksgiving ment of the Kingdom of God. Day, November 29, in her eightieth year, Since 1901, Mrs. Olcott was a faithful member the missionary enterprise lost one of its most un- of the Woman's Board of Foreign Missions of the selfish, most loyal, most devoted friends. The Reformed Church in America. She became corworld's needs were always on her heart. Her responding secretary for Arabia the same year practical love and intelligent sympathy stretched and continued in that work until 1930. For all across all frontiers. An those years she carried on earnest Christian from her her heart the burdert of the earliest youth, she walked pioneer work in Arabia (at with God for eighty long that time a land of neglect years. To all who knew her, and darkness, of fanatic opher well-ordered life was a position and hope deferred) constant example of the with the intimacy and tender beauty of holiness and the solicitude of a mother. She calm of a life centered in was friend and counsellor, and source of spiritual en- God. couragement to each worker, U ntH the very day of her always eager to give prac- tical help where opportunity departure, Mrs. Olcott was arose. Every member of the about the King's business. Arabian Mission thinks of Like Moses, faithful in all her with deep affection and her house, she wist not that loyal devotion. To all memher face shone with a light bers of the Mission she was never seen on sea or land. an example of Christian self- At the funeral service held in the Collegiate Church of St. Nicholas no one in the lessness and faithful stew- great gat her i ng of her ardship.

friends needed a reminder When Mrs. Olcott retired that the two hymns rendered KATE VAN SANTVOORD OLCOTT from her secretaryship she by the soloist were an inter- wrote a tribute to the unflag- pretation of her life. Her "walk was close with ging zeal of the women of the Mission with whom God, calm and serene her frame." And Whittier's she had had "the high privilege of close associa- poem on the life "without strain or stress"-like tion for nearly thirty years."

that of the Master's by Lake Galilee-seemed a A nobler band of consecrated Christian women never full-length portrait of her who had fallen asleep. lived, and they have held on in the midst of great discour- Indeed her daughter found her early in the morn- agement-in "persecution often," in sickness, in separaing with the latest issue of the MISSIONARY RE- tion from loved ones and even unto death! VIEW OF THE WORLD turned open at Dr. Latourette's article, "The Evangelization of the World in Great will be their reward in heaven, and even now they are reaping a faint measure of it in the high esteem in which they are held by those among whom they are work- This Generation." It was the last thing she read. ing. Their homes have been veritable Light Houses amidst No student volunteer ever lived out the spirit of the gross darkness of Islam, and their family lives have the watchword more faithfully than Mrs. Olcott. shone out in contrast to those about them!

Her study of the Scriptures, her prayer-life, her "As his part is that goeth down to the battle, so reading, her talents of administration and counsel, shall his share be that tarryeth by the baggage; her indefatigable correspondence, and her sacri- they shall share alike." This is true of all who [SO]

MISSIONARY DOGS AND AIRPLANES

work at home for the foreign field. But great was always eager to send out all the money in the David's Greater Son has a far better promise, ful- treasury to meet urgent needs on the field. Her filled in her life: "Give and it shall be given unto thoughtfulness for others and her self-forgetfulyou; good measure, pressed down and shaken to- ness included long waiting at the steamship piers gether and running over, shall men pour into to welcome returning missionaries or to bid fareyour bosom." well to those who sailed. Her generous hospi- tality was proverbial and genuine. She had a In 1905, on the occasion of the Jubilee of the spirit like Nathaniel in whom there was no guile. Arcot Mission in India, Mrs. Olcott visited the for- Loyal to her own Puritan principles, she was eign field. Not only Arabia, but India, China, and tolerant of those who differed from her and had Japan shared her personal interest. For many a mind open to receive new truth. The center and years she supported her own missionaries, con- goal of her life was Jesus Christ her Lord and tributed to the regular work of her denomination, Saviour. The Bible and the place of prayer were cared for the Jacob Chamberlain Memorial Band the secret of her strength and beauty of character of Evangelists in India, had her share in the es- -a river of influence that made glad the city of tablishment of the Woman's Union Medical Col- God. lege at Vellore, as well as in many other union enterprises and efforts at home and abroad. In Mrs. Olcott's words were few in mission gath- 1911, Mrs. Olcott was one of the delegates to the erings for she was ever modest and retiring, but Edinburgh Missionary Conference and was an en- when she opened her mouth to speak it was with thusiastic supporter of its findings. She was one wisdom, and her tongue was ruled by the law of the charter members of the American Christian of love. All who knew her rise up to call her Literature Society for Moslems and its efficient blessed, and her own works praise her in the gates. Treasurer until the day of her death. No treas- May God raise up many others who will follow in urer was ever more faithful in securing and ad- her footsteps and emulate her character and ministering funds. A generous giver herself, she service.

Missionary Dogs and Airplanes By BISHOP P. T. ROWE, Seattle, Washington Protestant Episcopal Bishop of Alaska W HEN I went to Alaska, in the spring of dogs I pioneered the great interior of Alaska and 1896, the white population was estimated made a journey of 2,000 miles each winter. There to be 2,000. The conditions were much as were no road houses to spend the night in. You they had been under the Russian Government. simply camped for the night in the snow, what- There were no roads and no trails. Having in- ever the temperature, and the temperature went spected the southern coast, which meant Wrangell, as low as 78° below zero at times. Juneau and Sitka, I headed for the interior and crossed the mountains via the Chilkoot Pass. In For thirty-four years my winters were spent in doing so I hauled my own sled. Dogs were not traveling with the dogs. In doing so I not only obtainable. When I reached the interior and traversed the inland of Alaska but reached the winter approached, I got dogs from the Indians. Arctic coast and began work among the Eskimos. These dogs were maImutes and of wolfish descent. I had to train them and while doing so trained The use of dogs and travel, such as I have demyself so that I could meet the severe cold and scribed, is still a demand in Alaska, though not to travel on snowshoes without going lame. the same extent. Having grown old in the service requiring dogs and snowshoes, it is a happy I had also to cook beans, then freeze them, so change to use airplanes and to look down on places that I would have food for months of travel. For where you had terribly hard sledging, and fly in the dogs I had dried fish. The dogs drew the sleds comfort over the same. The airplane in Alaska loaded with my food, sleeping robes, and the dried is a commercial boon. It is also a boon for people fish. It was not possible to ride on the sled as the who are seriously ill or have met with an accident. snow was deep and you had to "break trail" for The airplane has come. I welcome it, and, though the dogs. Were you to ride you had to dress in I did much work by and through the dogs, I am furs, unsuitable for snowshoeing. So with the glad to take the airplane in their place. Effective Ways of Working I 'Tested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO ~'=I= = = = = = = = = = = =_________'I~ NEW WAYS FOR NINE- sionary activity and study, after meeting to which the missionary careful survey of Sunday school, .. committee, all officers and chair- TEEN THIRTY-FIVE young people's work, etc. Is the men of standing committees, A New Year's greeting to pas- work coordinated or haphazard, Sunday school teachers, etc., are tors and church leaders 1 What advance are you planning over each department on its own?) personally invited, and formuthe means and methods of last 3. Report from the Lookout at late a plan to gear every departyear? Is your church thoroughly aroused, informed and geared the Mast Head; or a Bird's-eye ment of church activity into a for missions? Don't rest back View of What Other Churches comprehensive missionary proupon an active group of women (bless them 1) plus two mission- Are Doing. (Cast your eye over gram. For such an endeavor, ary sermons a year to qualify you under the Great Commis- the Methods Department of THE read carefully the articles on sion and the Crying Need. Start the New Year right by a mission- REVIEW for-say two years past "Plans for Pastors and Church ary "arousement" which will stimulate the life currents in -and give a summary of what Leaders," February, 1933, page every department of church activity. How about devoting an impress you as the best plans 99 in THE REVIEW; also "Plans especially advertised mid-week meeting – or maybe an all- for mission study, children's, for Fresh Beginnings," Septemchurch evening dinner-to some such program as the following, young people's, women's, men's ber, 1933, page 452, these arusing either the plain or the fanciful titles according to con- and Sunday school work; for the ticles indicating the ideal comditions, but remembering that a touch of fancy in the presenta- field has been carefully covered position and functioning of the tion of a theme creates relish and so receptivity? and only such plans as have been basic church missionary commit- tested in reliable use appear. If tee. Abundant suggestions for you have not kept your files of implementing details are scat- THE REVIEW, let this be a lesson tered all through the year.

to you: and if you are not al- ready a subscriber, send in your STEWARDSHIP DECLAMATION subscription at once, as you can- CONTESTS not afford to limit yourself to Mrs. Carter Wright, South- brief surveys of the copy in the wide Stewardship chairman for public library. Articles through- the Woman's Mission Union of out the magazine afford ready- the Southern Baptist Conven- to-hand material for activating tion, and Miss Juliette Mather, many of the plans.) its Young People's Secretary, "Go YE-INTO ALL THE WORLD" 4. The Importance of the Log have brought out plans and ac- Book; or the Prime Place of a 1. Sailing Orders; or the Live Missionary Magazine that tivating material for a series of Place of Missions in the Church Records Daily Progress in the contests which should go far to- Program-Occasional or Perma- Kingdom of God. (Exploit your ward training a generation of nent? (Not as an adjunct to the systematic and proportional givwork but the Church's supreme own denominational organ or endeavor without which it has organs, and THE REVIEW which ers. no justification for considering "Few projects," they say, itself more than a club or fra- gives a world-wide view afforded ternal organization. Missionary by no other missionary publica- "have grown in favor and popuendeavor constitutes a test of the tion. Plan for follow-up work in larity as rapidly as the Stewardreality of our professed faith the way of solicitation of sub- ship Declamation Con t est s, and loyalty, for the very heart of scriptions w hi I e interest is delighting both the young parthe Gospel is missionary. Mis- warm. If you wait to draw the ticipants and the admiring audisions now have a strategic op- net, you may lose many possi- ences attending the contests. portunity, for they must save bilities.) Everywhere people speak of the the world from the tragedy of value of the contest in teaching human selfishness which has al- 5. Setting the Sails to Cateh the Wind; or Seeking the Dy- tithing and developing a real most wrecked it.) namic. (Season of earnest prayer sense of stewardship. The decla- 2. Taking the Reckoning; or mations present stewardship of for the Spirit's motive power What Our Own Church Is Doing. and guidance.) tithes and offerings, that the (Accurate statement of all mis- emphasis be clearly given this At the earliest possible oppor- difficult phase of stewardship.

tunity after this service, hold a The W. M. U. understands that [32 ]

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

stewardship includes more than American Life" appeared in part market or bake sale to which tithes and offerings, but in the in our September issue, sends each woman takes a basket of contest this is the theme." the following suggestions in the fruit, vegetables or other food capacity of her position as Mis- whose value equals her annual Sunbeam Band members (the sionary Education Secretary for dues and which, when sold, entiny tots) are asked to memorize Illinois under the Baptist wom- ables her to pay in full at the one of the two series' of Scrip- en's organizations. start. Call this a Dues sale. Use ture verses in a given leaflet, a Blessing Box, each person such as Gen. 1: 1; Psalm 24: 1; 1. Have each member of your young dropping in a penny whenever Job 41: 11; Psalm 50: 10; Hag- people's group read at least two books she has occasion to be thankful. gai 2: 8; Lev. 27: 30; Mal. 3: on the year's themes-Home and For- Or have roll call at each meet- 10, 11 and 2: 2; Lev. 26: 2, 12. eign. "Gold Mountain," by Payne; ing, members coming forward The second test is the Parable of "Lim Yik Choy," by Shepherd; "Ty- to pay, or answering to their the Rich Fool, as given in the phoon Days in Japan," by Spencer, names with "paid" or "unpaid"! twelfth chapter of Luke. and "Japan and Her People," by Hughes, are especially recommended. BUILDING THE NATION Junior organizations each se- BEAUTIFUL lect one of the talks furnished in 2. Present a play or pageant deala leaflet, memorizing and pre- ing with the themes, such as "The A Christian Americanization senting these at the contest, Color Line," "The Cross Triumphant," Pageant memory counting for 50%, enun- or original dramatizations from such ciation for 25%, posture for books as "A Daughter of the Samu- A summer survey of the new 10% and expression and inter- rai" and "A Daughter of the Narikin.' missionary literature revealed, pretation for 15%. among other things, that most 3. Present a debate on a topic ap- denominations are responding to Intermediate age groups select propriate to the year's themes, such the plea for more dramatizations and write upon a topic from a as: "Orientals in the United States as effective vehicles for both given list, some of which are: should have the same citizenship priv- information and inspiration. "Tithing Pays"; "Is the Money ileges as do other foreign-speaking Outstanding in artistry and im- Ours or God's?"; "Non-Tithers' residents"; "J a pan's geographical pressiveness is one arranged and Excuses Answered" ; "Obedi- limitations justify her expansion pol- directed by Mrs. T. J. Hopkins, ence the Master's Test." Essays icy." of Wayne, Pennsylvania, and as delivered are limited to five given at a Christian Americanminutes. 4. Have at least three meetings on ization meeting of the Woman's each of the themes, preferably basing American Baptist Home Mis- The Young Women's organi- them on current study books. Recom- sionary Society, at Washington, zations give original talks not mended for such use are "Out of the D. C. While couched in feminine. exceeding seven minutes in de- Far East" (Hunter) and "WorId terms in adaptation to its immelivery, based on such subjects Tides in the Far East" "Mathews). diate purpose, it is easily transas: "Owners-or Stewards"?; latable into the masculine or "My Partner's Portion"; "In Ac- 5. Have a creditable proportion of mixed terminology to be used in count with God" ; "Giving a Part your membership in a mission study a young people's group as well of Worship"; "The Tithe-God's class, in a school of missions if possi- as among their elders, and would Preventive of Covetousness." A ble. be very effective among pastors speaker exceeding the time lim- for· an evening service. The acit in delivery is penalized by a 6. Service activities: (a) A per- tion, costuming and staging are deduction of five from the sonal friendship with one or more so simple that groups of limited judges' final grade for each min- Oriental Americans; (b) A carefully resources would find it available ute's excess. All contestants are arranged visit to Chinatown; (c) A with a minimum of rehearsal. presented by number only until public program embracing all of your after the judges' decision is an- denominational agencies among Ori- The Master of Ceremonies nounced. entals in the U. S.; (d) A similar pro- states by way of introduction gram for Japan; (e) An international that Christian Americanization Awards (such as missionary forum with representatives or imper- work lends itself to the beautifybooks) are optional, but some sonations of Orientals, to discuss ing of the nation, for it is truly small token to each winner is "What are the next steps in interna- beautiful only as it is Christian. both stimulating and delightful. tional cooperation?" (f) A Japa- -A guest is expected. Here she The contests begin in the local nese festival; (g) Sending of desired comes now! church, progress through their supplies to a mission among Orientals. winners to the association, then Enter a woman called Mrs. the district and end in the state POLICY POINTERS FROM SUMMER Uncle Sam, or Mrs. U. S., competition. Is not this plan dressed in full red skirt with worth trying, either partially or CONFERENCES white stripes and close fitting in its entirety? waist of blue. Accompanying Programs are not the sole end her is a woman dressed as a PRACTICAL PROJECTS FOR and aim of our planning. The scribe and carrying a book made following excerpts from the of heavy 11×14 paper with the YOUNG PEOPLE Methodist women's meetings at Lakeside, Ohio, furnish policies Mrs. B. P. Heubner, whose in a nutshell: Begin the year outline study for "Orientals in with the sketch of a bare tree as a symbol of the local organiza- tion, and paste on a leaf for each new member. This year substi- tute cherry blossoms. Have a demonstration at the opening of the year to show what the mis- sionary dues and other contribu- tions do, using impersonations and dramatics. If commercial methods are unavoidable, hold a

American flag drawn on its cov- the Key Stones in the structure. next speaks to the Guest, hoping er. On the several pages are in- The Master Builder tells of the the purpose of Americanization work has been made clear and scribed in bold lettering the es- foundation in Jesus Christ (see mentioning the rare gifts of the sential points of the program, Isa. 28: 16 and Eph. 2: 20, 21) foreigners themselves: the Ital- and introduces several Ameri- ian love of music; the Armenian "Foundation," "Keystone," etc., canization workers to give brief with his steadfastness of purthese being displayed at the ap- pose; the Japanese-lover of propriate poi n t to reinforce talks on their work. children; the Chinese, devoted through eye-gate the coincident The Master of Ceremonies to the family; the Mexican with his gaiety; the Pole-strong of messages through ear-gate. The next describes the need for Mas- body and willing of spirit; the Master of Ceremonies introduces ter Craftsmen, and introduces Greek with his art, etc. A blend- Mrs. Uncle Sam saying she has one to speak on "Materials for ing of these gifts in the Chris- tianized foreigner will help crebeen invited to the gathering to the Superstructure" – stones ate the Nation Beautiful. record the essential points of the such as human life, men and work and then to carry back to women of varied gifts and a na- Mrs. United States then asks the women of the nation the idea tive love of the beautiful, "ma- permission to speak; and turn- terials of great price; folks with ing the pages of the great book of its worth and magnitude and one by one, she recapitulates the tell them the part it plays in souls as precious as our own, points made (which appear in building our "Nation Beautiful." bought with the blood of Christ." large lettering) and promises The guest responds suitably, She appeals to the Guest of the that this plea for Master Buildpromising to catch the spirit and evening to broadcast a plea for ers, Artisans, Master Craftsmen and Artists shall go from coast have the proceedings faithfully greater interest in the foreign to coast. She bids Godspeed to recorded in the book by her woman, a closer touch with her all the assembled group of mis- longings and needs with a view sionaries and volunteer workers scribe. The two latter are then to transforming her into choice and wishes them success. seated at a table on a platform slightly higher than that of the material for the Master Archi- Thanking the Honored Guest Master of Ceremonies. tect's use. for this promise, the Master of Ceremonies closes with the fol- Three stanzas of "America the The call for Craftsmen's Tools lowing poem and the singing of Beautiful" are then sung, after is next sounded by the Master of the last stanza of "America the which the Master of Ceremonies Beautiful" : makes the opening talk. She Ceremonies-the human materistates that the words just sung al (foreigners) becomes more To each one is given a marble to give inspiration to go out from carve for the wall: the meeting and engage in a beautiful after certain influences are brought to bear through the A stone that is needed to heighten Kingdom enterprise of nation- implements wielded by the Arti- the beauty of all: building; for making the nation sans, one of whom will now And only his soul has magic to give Christian is a vital part of the speak. it grace; 'missionary endeavor because it The Artisan tells of the use And only his hands have the cunning means Christ in the hearts of of the Book as the Rule, English to put it in place. men, women and children. Nehemiah of old, returning to re- lessons as the Mallet to drive Yes, the task that is given to each one build Jerusalem, set the people away ignorance and misunder- no other can do, at their tasks by groups made up standing, Friendliness as the of families, one building by the Level to straighten out the rough So the errand is waiting-it has wait- places for the foreign folk. ed through the ages for you. East Gate, another by the Fountain Gate and still another by One thing more is called for And now you appear: and the hushed the Sepulcher of David. We do by the Master of Ceremonies- ones are turning their gaze our missionary work by groups, Cement to hold all portions of the building together firmly- To see what you do with your chance one by the Good Citizenship and the speaker impersonating in the chamber of days. Gate, one by the White Cross Gate (hospital supplies, gar- this element makes a strong plea -Edwin MU1·khum. ments for the needy, etc.), an- for more Prayer to make the weak efforts of man into a USING SCREEN PICTURES other by the Literature Gate, mighty power and force. while Christian Americanization Harry S. Myers, of the Baptist workers build the portion by the "A building becomes beauti- Stereopticon Bureau, writes: Foreign Gate. The Master Architect-God Himself – supply- ful," says the Master of Cere- "The Religious Motion Picture monies, "through the skill of Foundation, 140 Nassau St., ing plans for the Nation Beauti- Artists who m a k e possible New York City, is an invaluable ful : under Him a Master aid in arousing interest in mis- Builder to carry out the plans. stained glass windows, frescoes, sions. The School of Missions in blended colors in tapestries and past years has been a consider- The first concern of the Master walls. Mrs. B-, who is one of able user of this material. The Builder, to have a secure founda- these Artists, will reveal the pos- missionary offering of 0 n e tion. Mrs. A- (Christian sibilities of music among our church was increased many Americanization superintend- times by its utilization." ent) will now give a glimpse of foreign friends." This Artist sings, "Come Ye Blessed of My Father." The Master of Ceremonies The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK ~=~==~===============~ EPIPHANY OR "REVELATION Church, Honolulu, the editor guese Evangelica, Mr. Talmage FESTIVAL" learned that churches, once be- longing to the foreign mission writes: -Chinese Christian. enterprise, have under the direc- tion of the Board of the Hawaii- In 1891 it was felt necessary to or- "They offered him gifts" an Evangelical Association ad- ganize work among the Portuguese of vanced into the cooperating, Honolulu. The Portuguese group, at "Praise the Eternal, 0 families of the coordinating stage of Christian that time, as now, was largely Roman nations fellowship. Catholic, but there were many children who were being entirely neglected by praise the Eternal for his glory and After many years of leadership in any church. his might! the missionary work of the Hawaiian Islands, during which time the Board A young man, Mr. A. V. Soares, praise the Eternal for his open glory organized its work by committees, was called to the Islands from the enter into his courts with an offer- representatives of Chinese, Japanese, Portuguese colony in Illinois. After Portuguese, Hawaiian, Filipino, and some years of constructive work, Mr. ing." English-speaking races, the Board in Soares and his assistants built up a "Let the skies be glad, let earth re- 1933 made what was felt to be a for- substantial small church. ward step, by placing all of the work joice of these various committees under one In 1926, Mr. Soares became ill, and let the sea and all within it thunder interracial group. it seemed an opportunity to make some Let the land and all it holds exult, radical adjustments for the church. let all the trees of the forest sing Up to that date each one of these The older people, all of whom spoke committees had been composed of the their mother language, decided that for joy, Anglo-Saxons and representatives of it should be an English-speaking at the Eternal's presence-for he the particular language group. church as soon as possible. After some months of supply preachers comes, Beginning 1933 these various races from the Hawaiian Board, the present he comes to rule the earth, were combined with the Anglo-Saxons pastor was called. Since that time, to rule the world with justice for the conduct of the church work aside from one Sunday School class and the nations faithfully." of the Board. for elderly people, and the rare use From Psalm 96-Moffatt translation. of a Portuguese hymn, the work has Whereas, in the past, the individual been carried on almost entirely in MODERN MISSIONS IN committees meeting once a month, had English. HAWAII been tending toward isolation, now it is impossible for any race to consider The encouraging thing in the From Rev. T. Markham Tal- itself alone. change from a foreign – speaking mage, pastor of the Pilgrim church to English was the fact that Of necessity our agenda is appall- the old people, who dearly loved their ing in length and often concerns in- church in their mother-tongue, made tricate situations, but there is a very the decision for the change to English. great gain in having our various races sit as advisers to determine the poli- When it was realized that this cies of all. Further, authoritative ac- meant for many of them, giving up tion is cumulative, as the races are the services of worship that they forced to act upon each others' prob- could understand, and around which lems. had been built their whole life, it seems to be one of the most beautiful This committee has now been work- and sacrificial offerings growing out ing for a little over a year, with some of our mission in the islands. This definite gain. It is exceedingly diffi- change was made because of the real- cult, but those who worked with the ization on the part of the older people committees in their old form, know that the church worship could not be that that plan also had its difficulties. vital to the younger people if carried on in a language which they could not Under the old arrangement, the understand. The older people took present chairman of the Churches upon themselves the situation usually Committee was the chairman of the demanded of the younger. Japanese Committee, and a member of the Portuguese-English-speaking Com- A YOUTH COUNCIL AT THE mittee. He can see no lessening of friendly interest from the Japanese ANNUAL MEETING OF group, due to the change. THE HAWAIIAN EVAN- This committee has under its leader- ship 91 churches, of which there are GELICAL ASSOCIATION 62 Hawaiian, 16 Japanese, 6 Chinese, 6 Filinipo, 1 Portuguese. Our church gatherings in Ha- waii, like our political cam- Concerning the church for- paigns, are very colorful. The merly known as Egreja Portu- Annual Meeting of the Hawaiian [ 35 ] Evangelical Association is a big event in the lives of the delegates. It means travel between So we had a conference and we them, customs have grown up the Islands, a week of splendid called it a "youth council." When and have been unchallenged for meetings, excellent Hawaiian it was all over, we found that years, and here as elsewhere we food, meeting of friends and 204 persons had registered and must keep gilding the monu- relatives, flower leis, music and attended at least one of the three ments of the past. Something lots of aloha. morning sessions, and 42 church- happens to the religious interest This year the 112th Annual es had been represented by them. of young people when they enter Meeting of the Association was The choirs were from Hawaiian high school age. It does not held in Hilo, Hawaii, June 23-27, churches only. Hence the major- seem to be a loss of religion.

1934. Hilo is the home of the ity of the young people were of Rather is it a change of values.

boarding school founded by Gen- that race. Yet we had Japanese, The reevaluation process goes eral Armstrong, who 1ate r Portuguese, Chinese, and Fili- on in relation to all of youth's founded Hampton Institute. Ha- pino representatives also. beliefs at that time. He becomes waii is the "Big" Island with its The Association gave official an explorer, and sometimes he two mountains Mauna Kea and recognition to the council and al~ seems to explore too boldly in Mauna Loa, both over 13,000 feet lotted two and a half hours each the sacred areas of religion. He high. On this island is the vol- morning for a meeting. becomes critical of the church's cano which has been very active It was the first major attempt program, its preaching, its mem- recently, always in a friendly of the great gathering of dele- bership. But he still expects the manner. The churches on four gates to give a real place on the church to be an institution deal- of the five main islands of the program to young people and ing with religion. The Christian group sent delegates by steamer. their problems. The meetings be- way of life, the unselfish and One whole ship was devoted to gan with a worship planned and gracious Christ, the ideals of them and they overflowed into conducted by the young people. Christian living, all make their another one-a happy, singing, They found Augustine Smith's appeal to him. Unless the church friendly crowd, most of them "New Hymnal for American meets him at this age and goes wearing wreaths of flowers Youth" very helpful for this with him into adult life, he tends called "leis." purpose. to become material-minded.

Hilo provided a royal welcome. They were very much inter- So the practical question More than 500 delegates partook ested in the discussion groups, arises, how to bring the church of three meals a day, cooked and which had about one and a half nearer to this group and this served by the volunteer helpers hours each day, to consider the group nearer to the church? of the entertaining church. They needs of their own churches. Our council decided that the were provided with beds and They asked and answered the first thing is to create clear unblankets and linen. They were question, "What does the church derstanding in this area, and the entertained at evening parties expect of the young people ?" second thing is that th€y should attended by over 700 people. and summed it up in the word choose their own representatives to sit as full voting members on And a notable choir contest was "Loyalty."

held the first night. In this con- They tried to determine what the official board of the church. test seven choirs ranging in num- young people expect of the Upon the s e representatives ber of members between twenty church. It may surprise us that should rest the responsibility to and sixty competed before a they decided that the church explain the attitude of the young great audience, singing in Ha- should be primarily concerned people, to see that the young peowaiian words Mozart's "Twelfth with religion. There was clear ple and their organizations are Mass," arranged by the leader of thinking on this subject. They given adequate consideration and the Hilo church choir. There is knew the church felt called upon to carryover to the young people probably nothing like this choir to develop activities. But they the high and broad principles contest. Memorized music, with- felt that there were enough ac- upon which the church operates, out instrumental accompani- tivities in school and community to see that the church calendar ment, a little pitch pipe in the life. They expected the church of activities is free from conhands of the leader to start them to be "a flaming torch leading us flicts in dates and plans. In fact off, and yet – and yet – music on to greater and higher things, they are to be ambassadors of whose chords and timing, timbre but today the church is like an goodwill. and phrasing and balance are so ambulance travelling behind, perfect that listeners tingle with Some of us who were privileged to appreciation and excitement. picking up the wounded." work with this group throughout the Then they spent some time sessions, felt that a very important It was this choir contest which with both feet on the ground try- step has been taken. made the conference of young The Association has officially rec.ogpeople possible. Many of the ing to devise practical ways nized its obligation to its own children. whereby the church might serve It is not starting a new organization. choir members are under 30 the youth of these Islands. They It is welcoming them, and acknowledgyears of age. The contest was felt that there is too great a dis- ing them as sons and daughters in held at the very beginning of the tance between the young people the Christian Church.- NORMAN C. meeting. After that the choir SCHENCK, Associate Secretary of the members had very little to do. and the older people at present. Board of Hawaiian Evangelical Asso- Language barriers separate ciation.

NEWS William Martin, well known as student cannot busy

editor of the Journal de Geneva, with his books in the face of Future of Christianity says in a recent article: "Never present threats of war…. It is Dr. Cleland B. McAfee of New speak of the 'next war'-for in this world of mass influence York, secretary of the Presby- nothing is more dangerous. Wars terian Board of Foreign Mis- become fatal at the moment and mass movements that the sions, says that if Christianity when people believe in them; keeps on its present rate it will that is, when they begin to per- claims of Christ have to be become the world's majority re- suade themselves that war is in- -Far Horizons. ligion within fifty years. This evitable. There is no such thing made." opinion was expressed recently as an inevitable war! There will in an article in the Portland, be no next war if the people do Russian Asks Christian Unity Oregon, Journal. Dr. McAfee not want it." who has given 46 years of his A plea for united, universal life to active Christian service, If "the people" want peace Christianity was given by Serobserved that he had seen the enough to work for it, to take as gius Bulgakoff, dean of the facbottom fall out of things several their slogan, in place of "War is ulty of the Russian Orthodox times before in his long life, and atrocious and futile, but," "War Theological Academy, Paris, at finds nothing in the present is atrocious and futile and-it the New York Cathedral of St. world economic upheaval to wor- shall not be!"-then we may see John the Divine, Sunday, Octory him in so far as the Christian fulfilled the prophecy, "From ber 7. religion is concerned. He is now on, war by governments equally positive that the Church shall be changed to peace by "Both spirits, that of the Tower of must supply the leadership in peoples." -World Outlook. Babel and that of Pentecost, have this time of need. He is confi- influenced the life of the Church durdent that: "We have reached Handicaps to Study ing her history," Fr. Bulgakoff dethe day when we are going to clared, "but the prevailing spirit have to have a better spirit in Dr. Visser 't Hooft, Secretary until now has been the schismatic the world, because we are living of the World's Student Chris- one. Fortunately, we are now able closer together than ever before. tian Federation, in a recent to notice a remarkable change. A We must learn how to live to- speech in England mentioned an new message sounds through the gether and the Christian Church Indian professor who said that world, a new spirit is breathing, the is the one institution able to give twenty-five per cent of his stu- spirit of Pentecost, the message of this message and program to the dents were in prison, twenty-five universal Christianity. world." per cent were engaged in politi- cal propaganda, twenty-five per This ecumenic spirit is now awak- Promoting Peace cent were spying on the others, ened as a first realization of the and the rest were doing a little Church's catholicity in our days. In- studying. He referred also to a stead of mutual exclusiveness and thousand Shanghai students haughtiness there comes a desire for mutual acquaintance and understand- ing in the spirit of peace and love. This change has already begun, as the representatives of many different confessions meet now with one an- other without feeling their own orth- odoxy endangered.

Fr. Bulgakoff pointed to two Dr. Mary E. Woolley tells us who asked for a special train to causes of separation between what we can do to promote Nanking in order that they Christian bodies-differences in peace. 1. Assure the President might express to the President creed which should not be evaded that you will support in every their views on the Manchurian in the effort for reunion, and difpossible way a program for situation. Their request re- ferences caused by provincialism "practical pea c e, permanent fused, they sat down in a body and narrow-mindedness which peace, real peace throughout the on the tracks so that no train should easily be overcome. -The Living Church. world." 2. Do not hide your light was able to enter or leave the under a bushel as far as your station. They got their train! EfTective Preparation senators and representatives are In Nanking they stood in a concerned. Rather, set it upon a freezing temperature before the In Basil Matthew's biography hill-that they may not fail to palace for forty-eight hours of John R. Mott, he gives the see where their constituencies until a deputation was received notes made for Dr. Mott's per- stand on this momentous ques- and promises of action given sonal guidance in preparation tion of international cooperation, them. for conferences.

versus national isolation. 3. Do Dr. 't Hooft, continuing his Personal: not join the "defeatist group." address, said: "The European Keep the Morning Watch.

[37 ]

Spend eight hours in bed; also The Elyria League has already of New York City by the Times take nap in afternoon. undertaken a specific work-the Square Mission. The record for support of a native evangelist in September indicated that more Take drive each afternoon. India. The Women's Missionary than 23,000 attended the open- Take time for preparation before Society has also taken on new air meetings. This only included all public work. life as a result. persons who stayed as long as Plan each day. twenty minutes. Many raised Before each address and confer- A College Student Church their hands for prayer and many ence remind oneself of the need of remained for interviews. Forty the Holy Spirit and definitely claim Last October Dr. Hutchison, thousand tracts and Gospels His help for the work at hand. President of Washington and were distributed, and 95 hours Be mindful of the things of others Jefferson College, Pennsylvania, were filled during the month -especially associates. presented to presbytery the with these outdoor meetings on Avoid: church letters of 44 students, one of the busiest corners of Sins of the tongue. with a request that these men be Broadway. The mechanical versus sense of vo- made the nucleus of a fully accation. credited Presbyterian Church on The Cost of Crime Content with small results versus the college campus. Dr. Hutchivery great, i. e. real spiritual results. son explained that none of the Not every one knows that Expect large results: present methods of providing re- Remember that there has been an ligion for students has proved crime costs us 25 % of the naadequate cause from which great re- successful, because the students sults may be expected, namely, the have had no responsibility for tion's income. Here are some long preparation, the self-denial, the the form or expression of their figures that came recently from prayers of many all over the world, religion. Under this new plan a Senator Copeland: the working of the Living, Almighty church will be organized entirely God. of students. Not even professors Losses through frauds. $1,270,000,000 of the college may belong. Elders Property losses and eco- "Spirit of Missions" will be ordained, all other church offices will be filled by students. nomic value of 12,500 Centenary The pastor will be Rev. Cameron m u r d e r s (annual Ralston, director of religious ac- toll) ………….. $1,160,000,000 At the end of 1934 The Spirit tivities for the college. Law Enforcement …. $4,000,000,000 of Missions begins its one hun- Waste involved in dealdredth year of continuous serv- Signs of Church Life ing with crime …. $6,503,000,000 ice. One can read in almost any In the first three months of The Protestant Episcopal paper that the Church is about 1934, four-fifths of all those ar- Church's only official periodical to die, but Dr. Herman Weber, rested were under 30 years of is entering its second century editor of the Year Book of age and many were only 19. Of with confidence and enthusiasm. American Churches has a differ- 12,000 murders during the last It will continue to depict the ent opinion. He says: few years, 4,000 were caught mission fields in America and and sentenced; only 153 paid the her possessions, afar in the Ori- More than 30,000,000 Americans, extreme penalty. It seems that ent, in Africa, in India. More attend services in Protestant and one may murder with a 3 to 1 than 4,000 missionary workers Catholic churches, and Jewish syna- chance of not being punished at have spoken through its pages. gogues every week. The churches all, or a 1 to 80 chance of paying are gaining members at the rate of the death penalty-a little less -Circular. 750,000 a year. Church buildings risky than going swimming! have increased sevenfold in number NORTH AMERICA in the last 75 years. The last census Hartford Mission Fellowship showed 232,154 houses of worship in A Men's Missionary League the country, and the church debts What do the young people of amount to only 11 per cent of the this decade think of foreign mis- A "Men's Missionary League" value of church property." We are sions? Are they responsive to has come into being in the First also told by Dr. Kieffer, president of the world's need of Christ? A United Presbyterian Church of the Association of Statisticians of group representing six denomi- Elyria, Ohio. The League began American Religious Bodies, that ap- nations has been formed in the with 16 men, including the pas- proximately one half of the popula- Hartford Seminary Foundation. tor, Rev. George A. Brown, on tion of the United States is definitely Twelve mission boards were con- October 20, 1933. The present related to some church. While the sulted, and the outcome was the membership is 37. After a full population of the country increased appointment of a Committee of year of experience the men and 22 fold between 1800 and 1934, church Nine to guide the training and their pastor, have a deep con- membership in the same period -in- activities of the group. This viction that they should give creased 80 fold. Hartford Mission Fellowship their testimony to the Church. has presented its message at A leaflet entitled "An Adventure -Presbyterian Banner. twelve student conferences and in Masculine Missions" has been several churches, and it is hoped sent out to leading men through- Times Square Mission to continue to reach colleges and out the denomination. The leaf- preparatory schools as far as let contains the Constitution and A notable piece of evangelistic possible. By-Laws, and, condensed, a ser- work is being done in the heart mon preached by the pastor on Men and Missions Sunday, "Missions-A Man's Job."

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

The group is seeking to go as 3. To stimulate older Christians in courses offered are training prayer and service. graduates to meet these needs. a unit, without stated salaries, 4. To instruct Christian workers to A religious education club, orand take up work in some unoc- ganized by students, is studying cupied mission field like Tibet, make their ministry more effectual. 5. To combat the error and evil problems of rural churches, con- centrating on methods, materi- Mongolia, India, Africa, Japan and deliver those who are being en- als, organization and equipment or China. Recently the group snared. for all ages which can be used has decided to concentrate its study on China and surrounding 6. To provide worth-while employ- ment for those who wish to serve Christ. 7. To furnish Gospel sermons and successfully. territories. Bible teaching to those communities which do not have a resident minister. The Farm School, N. C., has a New England's Student Gospel Team, numbering 35, Movement Nearly 400 different titles, with a waiting list. The team covering a wide range of sub- visits mountain communities On October 19, 20 and 21 students from all over New Eng- jects, are published today, and within a radius of 125 miles but land gathered at Northfield to 57,692,350 books, booklets and has concentrated in four near-by form a new united Student tracts have been distributed. settlements as an entering wedge for an intensive study to see Christian Movement, made up of representatives from 41 colleges, A Notable Work whether Farm school can put on an all around extension program and including both adults and Many useful organizations are there. Agricultural aid, health students from Y. M. C. A., Y. almost unknown and receive lit- work and recreational leader- W. C. A., S. V. M., and church tle recognition. A century ago ship, in addition to religious acyoung peoples' societies. the "Female Moral Reform So- tivities are possibilities under The"Aim and Purpose" are as ciety"-later the "American Fe- consideration. follows: male Guardian Society" was -Presbyterian Banner.

The Student Christian Movement founded in New York by a group Methodists Celebrate is a fellowship of students, men and women, who are challenged by the of women, who after years of More than 1,200 delegates replife and teachings of Jesus to seek enduring ridicule, secured legis- resenting the various branches for themselves the sources of His lation to punish abduction, and of Methodism and coming from power and to manifest, in all the re- by other laws to protect young all parts of the United States, lationships of their lives, His rever- boys and girls. The society later ence for personality and truth. started nine industrial schools Canada England and Australia A committee of 22 adults and for poor children, and initiated gathered recently in Baltimore 30 students was appointed to fresh air work. It provided a for the principal celebration of carry out the purposes of the sewing machine fund, which admovement. One of the aims is vanced money to poor women so the sesquicentennial of Amerito merge activities of church that they might pay for them in can Methodism. Practically groups, the Y. M. C. A., the Y. installments, and pioneered oth- everyone of importance in Meth- W. C. A., and the Student Volun- er forms of relief. Its various odism was present, as well as teer Movement in New England. orphan homes are doing effective various leaders in other denom- A similar movement was organ- work and 37,000 children have inations. An oratorio, "The gone through its institutions. At Evangel of the New World," and ized in the Middle Atlantic re- a pageant, "The Spreading gion last summer, and a national least one well known Presbytericommittee is studying the possi- an minister and editor, John Flame," were presented. bilities of cooperation through- Bancroft Devins, was brought up in a home of the Society and An interesting historical sumout the nation. the manager of the Tribune mary of the beginnings of. Meth- odism in this country was Issued, Forty Years Colportage Work Fresh Air Fund. with a message especially pre- -So S. Times. pared for the book by E. Stanley The Bible Institute Colportage Studying Mountain Needs Jones. Society of Chicago, founded by -The Christian Century.

D. L. Moody, celebrated its 40th At the Asheville, N. C., Nor- Lutheran Anniversary anniversary on November 15. mal and Teachers' College the This agency was started for the junior class is studying a typical Observing the 200th anniverpurpose of publishing and dis- sary of the landing of the Luseminating, evangelical books mountain community, to discov- therans in America at Savannah, er the number of regular church Ga., and also the 400th anniverand booklets, Scripture portions, attendants, standards and re- sary of Martin Luther's tran!'la- sources of religious, sodal and tion of the Bible, the Umted and Gospel tracts. economic life, number and type Lutheran Church in America The Association has kept sev- of schools, distribution of wealth en objectives in mind: 1. The salvation of lost souls who as shown by types of homes, and held its biennial session in Saotherwise might never be reached vannah early in November. The with the Gospel. manner of living. The students convention moved to bring about then turn to the school's curric- a union of all Lutheran bodies in 2. To establish young Christians in ulum to see how concretely the the faith and to develop fruitful lives.

America and created a commit- ard of the Indian Bureau, fed- After Sixteen Years ~ee to work out a plan for mergmg. eral policy toward the aboriginal "Mission Folks and Facts," a leaflet on Baptist home mission There are seventeen branches Americans was such that more work, says: In 1918 the Baptist of Lutheranism in the United Home Mission Society sent out States and Canada. Replies to a than 50 per cent of them "ceased its first missionary to Nicaragua. questionnaire sen t to every Beginning with a small group of clergyman of all these branches to be Indians and failed to be- less than fifty believers, he built up a Sunday school, trained show that 89 % favor a merger come whites." The Indian's en- teachers, and opened out-sta- tions. At the same time the into one Lutheran Church. If tire life was organized on a woman's society sent out its first this union should take place, it missionary teacher and founded would form a church of 4,381,- group basis. He could not suc- a primary school. The primary 094 members, with 15,469 con- school has developed into an ingregations. The L u the ran cessfully compete in white soci- stitution embracing all grades Church is now the third largest through high school, and now en- Protestant communion in the ety which is based on the indi- rolls over 400 boys and girls. The country, following closely upon church of 400 members has the Methodists and Baptists. vidual. In half Shaepacredn,tutrhy~ grown to be one of the largest according to Mr. in all Latin America, with a Sun- American Lutherans, with day.school of 425 and an evening Lutherans and evangelicals Indians lost 91,000,000 of the audIence of 600. The pastor is a throughout the world, oppose the native Nicaraguan. A Christian efforts of the German reich- 138,000,000 acres of land in the community has grown up, and skirche to force pastors of Ger- ~rained .l~aders in the ministry, man Evangelical Churches to original allotments. A few, the m medicme and teaching have support a political program at been sent out. the expense of their fidelity to Pueblos among them, which conthe historic confessions of the Church. tinued their communal traditions Large Home Mission Field lost little or none. Under the old In a block comprising all of order, the majority of the red Utah, Nevada, Wyoming, Arizona and New Mexico, and part men saw their own culture deof Colorado, Idaho and California, there is but one Protestant generate and were unable to ac- Christian colI e g e-Westminster, in Salt Lake City. quire that of the white man.

Westminister College has a Hence grew the unfair assumpthreefold task: to maintain a high standard of scholarship in tion that they are lazy and a Christian atmosphere; to provide college courses for Protes- worthless. tant young people in the Mormon are~;. and to offer this type of One of the Bureau's innovatrammg to young Mormons. Ten years of enlarging buildings tions is the training of Indian and equipment, followed by five years of depression, have left a teachers to work among their deficit of $75,000, which the management is now seeking to own tribesmen. secure in a three-year campaign. LATIN AMERICA EUROPE New Chance for the Indian Bitterness Toward Religion Salva..tion Army Work The Government is giving up the attempt to make the Indian A law was passed in Mexico On November 1st a great farea white man. Instead, he is be- two years ago forbidding the well was held in Royal Albert ing encouraged in self-govern- teaching of religion in all Hall, London, for General Edment, in his own native arts and schools, and since then there has ward J. and Mrs. Higgins. The is being provided with modern been a gradual increase in the sanitation and the comforts of rigor of enforcement. Control Duke of York, who acted as civilization. of education and the press is an- chairman, said: other government policy. Since 1887, says Ward Shep- The Salvation Army makes a great The present situation is one of bitterness, suspicion and confu- claim upon the regard not only of sion. An amendment to Article III of the Constitution, which members of the Royal Family but on has been passed by congress but not yet submitted to the states, all sincere and thoughtful people …. I requires that all education shall be socialistic, excluding all reli- believe there is today more mutual gious doctrines. Teachers in pri- vate schools must agree with sympathy and understanding, nation- these requirements. Religious all~ and internationally, and the Sal- corporations, ministers of reli- vatIOn Army, among other religious gion, and societies connected di- rectly or indirectly with the and philanthropic bodies, has had a propaganda of a religious creed, are forbidden to take part in pri- full share in bringing that about. mary, secondary or normal schools, or to give them economic Men of many faiths, some of them support. leading representatives of those faiths It is impossible to foresee the -Angli~an, non-conformist, Catholic, full effect of all this on Protes- tant mission work. Jew, Hmdu, Mohammedan-meet in glad accord to show their apprecia- tion of the retiring general, and thus pay ther tribute to the work of the Salvation Army. .

General Higgins reviewed the widespread activities of the a.rmy, which include the opera- tIon of 89 main hospitals, seven for lepers only; 18 separate col- onies for placing poor families on the land; 120 homes for de- tsheertperdovaisnidonoorfp3h4a,n0e0d0,0c0h0ilmderaeln~' in a year for the hungry poor;

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

139 labor bureaus, and 224 Russia; while the American under the Italian law and coop- workshops; work in 172 slum Christian Committee for Ger- erating with the Foreign Mis- areas in the large cities of the man Refugees, which is endeav- sion Board of the Southern world; the preaching of the Gos- oring under the chairmanship of Convention. The new president pel in nearly 17,000 mission Dr. Cadman to aid in caring for of this Italian Convention is Rev. halls, of which over 6,000 are in the non-Jewish refugees from Ignatius Rivera, pastor of the non-Christian countries; and Germany, is finding great diffi- church in Florence, who finished the direction and control of 45 culty in arousing any general his education in Glasgow, Scot- training colleges for officers. land, and is a well trained realization of the situation. It preacher. The Boys' Brigade is said that one in five of these refugees is a Christian. De- – Watchman-Examiner. In 1883, William A. Smith, a scendants of the Huguenots in Sunday-school superintendent of France have shown, perhaps, the Gipsies in Austria Glasgow, was faced with the problem of holding boys past 11 most concern. Jewish generosity There is still in Europe one years of age with two other men, toward Christian refugees has people who know almost nothing 'and 30 boys, he formed the been remarkable. -Advance. of God, and of His salvation "Boys' Brigade," a movement through Jesus Christ. This is which has spread throughout the Jews Turn to Christ the small nation of gipsies, rov- world. Within three years there ing, despised, often persecuted. were 61 companies in and The Maranos of Portugal are Many who formerly lived in the around Glasgow and later the Hungarian territory known as movement reached such propor- Jews who were forced into Ro- Biirgenland, have now* through tions that Mr. Smith gave up his the Treaty of Versailles, been business to devote all his time to man Catholicism by the Inquisi- transferred to Austria. Thou- the Boys' Brigade, until his sands of them are living in death in 1914. In 1909, King tion. They have retained Jewish closed settlements of miserable Edward made him a knight. mud houses. Isolated settle- customs and forms of prayer, ments are also found in Carin- There are now companies of thia and Upper Austria. To the Brigade in Canada, India, and have kept themselves from bring the Gospel to these gipsies Australia, New Zealand, Africa, is a task undertaken by a lay West Indies, Ceylon, Newfound- intermarriage with Catholics. worker, Walter Miiller, a former land, U. S. A., China, Latvia, student at the Bible School for Denmark, and now in Malaya. Orthodox Jews have been at- southeast Europe in St. Andrae, The object is, "The advancement near Villach. He reports: of Christ's Kingdom among boys tempting to win them back to and the promotion of habits of A gipsy invited me to come to his Obedience, Reverence, Disci- Judaism, but they are unwilling house, telling me that the thirty New pline, Self-Respect and all that Testaments I had forwarded to him tends towards a true Christian to return to a Christless syna- had arrived, and that they had been Manliness," and the motto "Sure reading them till 10 p. m. In that and Stedfast." gogue. So a Hebrew Christian room I found thirty gipsies assem- bled, and I was asked to speak of Relief for Evangelical Alliance of Portugal has been Christ. The gipsies sat with crossed legs on the floor listening devoutly Churches formed by a number of Portu- and eagerly, while the audience stead- ily increased. Thus I found that An important meeting of the guese Christians of Hebrew these despised people are open to the Central Bureau for Relief of the Gospel, and it has been. a joy to me Evangelical Churches of Europe, race,-teachers, ministers and to see their eager response to the now identified with the Ameri- message of Salvation. I am finding can Section of the Universal business men, to bring them into many open doors and many new coun- Christian Council, was held re- try places which up till now have cently under the chairmanship evangelical Christianity. On the been visited by no one with the pur- of Dr. William H. Foulkes. pose of circulating the Word of God. Plans were made for continuing badge of the new organization the important services which An Anti-Christmas Campaign this agency has been rendering are the letters XN. In the six- under the leadership of Dr. According to the New York Adolf Keller in Geneva. As teenth century Maranos, when Times, anti-religious efforts have fast as tthe situation improves so slackened and Christian or- in one European country, new signing official documents, were ganizations are so increasing problems arise in one or two their strength in Russia that the others. Many challenging situ- obliged to append these initial executive committee of the ations confront the churches of League of Militant Atheists have letters with their names. They issued a call for a "Christmas campaign" against religion, to stand for Christao Novo ("New begin November 25 and continue two months. The whole Soviet Christians"), in contradistinc- tion to Christao Vetno ("Old Christians," that is, Roman Catholics) . Mr. Pereira, the vice-president of the new Alli- ance says: "we are not ashamed to own that we are New Chris- tians of Jewish descent who have accepted Christ as Lord and Master." -So S. Times.

Italian Baptists There are in Italy about 3,000 Baptists organized into fifty-one churches and sixty out-stations, under the supervision of South- ern Baptists. Now the Italian National Baptist Convention has been organized with a board of directors legally incorporated

network-the Young Communist Mission, gave some pertinent sionary thinks he is sharpening organization, trade unions, agri- facts about that part of Africa his bush knife on the Lord's Day, cultural advisers, village teach- which are perhaps not generally but finds that the little hut is a ers and the movies, radio, press known. The Sudan is almost as Christian prayer house where and clubs is asked to mobilize to large as Europe, with an esti- the Ndali people hold evening push back the rising tide of wor- mated population of 32,000,000. services. Some people are passship. The northern portion is chiefly ing with hymn books and Testa- Mohammedan, the southern ments. Striking the stones was Reports to the central head- mainly pagan. There are over in imitation of church bells. quarters of the militant atheists 600 distinct tribes. For many indicate that there is some rea- hundred years it was closed to Inside the church were several son for the atheist league's dis- evangelism; now it is practical- little seats, consisting of forked quietude. In many villages not ly open throughout. limbs stuck in the ground and only are there no actively pro- supported in the fork a limb on fessing atheists but Communist Twenty-one missions are at which the people could sit. The party members are winking at work, with 180 stations and 672 speaker had a little stand conthe practice of religion or even missionaries, whereas thirty- sisting of a board resting on engaging in it. Most churches three years ago there was but three sticks of wood and behind that have not been turned into one station in occupation. Only it a firm, little bench. The movie theaters, warehouses, or about 50 per cent of the people church measured only six feet demolished, are f r e que n t I y have been reached so far. Some by twelve and the windows were crowded with worshipers. sixty-three languages have been mere openings in the walls. The reduced to writing sufficiently gardener made a short prayer, AFRICA for some portion of Scripture to the people then revently sang a be issued therein. There is no hymn; the gardener read Luke Covering Large Areas overlapping of missionary effort. 14, with much stuttering, giving his own original explanation. Nearly 30 years ago, Lord -The Life of Faith. He said: Cromer, then High Commissioner for Egypt, invited the C. M. S. Leper Work in Nigeria "The banquet which the King to enter the southern Sudan. In Himself cooked, and offers to us, 1905 the first party went in. The work of the Mission to that is the word which we hear Owing to climatic and other dif- Lepers at Garkida is beginning every day." ficulties all but one of that party to solve the tremendous leprosy had to retire, the present arch- problem in Northen Nigeria, Donald Fraser Hospital deacon who is still at work there. where there are at least 3,000 The C. M. S. has sole responsi- cases. There are 500 under August 16 the Donald Fraser bility for a vast area, compris- treatment at the Garkida colony. Hospital was opened at Sibasa. ing many tribes and tongues, Aid from the Nigerian govern- This event marks a further stage and it is in order to occupy the ment is promised in increasing in the development of the mediwhole territory that the eleven measure; gifts from the Ameri- cal mission established at Gooldstations are spaced about 100 can Mission to Lepers are ville in 1930 by the Church of miles apart. At each station ex- matched by the government. It Scotland. The hospital has been cept the newest, Ler, there is a is hoped that this whole area built and equipped from funds native church growing up. At may be rid of leprosy. raised in South Africa, and is Yei, the growth has attained the the first and only hospital in an proportions of a mass movement. -Without the Camp. area with a population of 150,- During the past year, between 000. At present, there are only 2,000 and 4,000 people have as- Small East Africa Church twelve beds, but it is hoped to sembled monthly for special add an additional ward very gatherings for the deepening of From time to time mention is soon. spiritual life. One of the leaders made of very small houses of here is a young chief from Yam- worship in which the spirit of The appreciation of the native bio, who secured leave of absence God is at work, and where men people was shown by the large frbm his small chieftainship for are led to Christ. European mis- numbers who gathered at Gooldtwo years and volunteered for sion journals give a description ville on the day of the official this service. This young church of a small church in East Africa opening. Early in the morning at Yambio contributes toward which shows under what varied the church was filled with those the work in other sections. circumstances the Spirit of God who had come to give thanks to is at work. Moravian Missions God, and to seek His blessing on -C. M. S. Gleaner. gives us the following account: the new hospital.

In the Sudan Missionary Gemuseus, comIng -South African Outlook.' to a congregation in the little vil- At the World's Evangelical Al- lage of Ndali, East Africa, hears Revival in South Africa liance reunion in London last a clear sound. On approaching, October, Mr. Gilbert Dawson, he finds a gardener crouching Under direction of the Move- Secretary of the Sudan United before a little hut, striking one ment for World Evangelization, stone upon another. The mis- Rev. Lionel B. Fletcher, who has

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

been conducting a six months' ing in some weeks more than understood by all he must exevangelistic campaign in South Africa, reports a spiritual awak- 2,000 people in Beirut and neigh- press himself in no less than ening which amounts to a sweeping revival. He was greatly boring parts of Syria. Last four or five languages – Arabic, pleased to find that converts won during his campaign twelve year's eleven graduates are scat- Turkish, Armenian, Kurdish and years ago have made marked progress in the Christian life. tered in Bulgaria, T u r key, Assyrian.

One man had deliberately com- Greece, Syria, Lebanon, Cyprus A pastor-at-Iarge is greatly pacted to sell himself to the devil, and had actually served the and Palestine. Students conduct needed to cover the entire field devil for sixteen years. By what some people would call coinci- a Sunday service each week at until organized churches can be dence, his saintly parents came from a distant part of Africa to Lebanon Hospital for Mental established. attend one of the evangelistic -Syria News Quarterly. meetings, not dreaming that Diseases, attended by all who are their wayward son, for whom they had prayed through the well enough to be there. It is one years, would be there. Their joy was unbounded as they saw this of the things to which patients New Ideas in Sidon son and his wife walk up and testify that God had saved them. look forward, and seems to bring Teaching in Sidon Girls' solace to their troubled minds. School is not in vain. One class -Life of Faith. studying "Home and Commu- -Syria News Quarterly. Opportunity in Near East American Press Centenary nity" was asked to write on the Dr. Charles R. Watson, Pres- topic: "What Have I the Right ident of the American University at Cairo, says that the Last year the American Press to Expect from My Commudegree to which old ideas in the in Beirut celebrated its hun- nity?" Here is a composite of Near East have yielded to sci- dredth anniversary of Arabic eight papers: ence is almost unbelievable. The changes have affected profound- publication in the city of Beirut. "I have a right to expect from my ly intellectual life, social life and The Press is actually 112 years community safety, clean streets, pure even political life. The auto, the movie, travel to Europe and the old, but the first twelve years water, good roads, electric lights, ice modern newspaper have been were spent in Malta and Smyrna. made from pure water, clean markets, factors in widening the horizon Several hundred million pages of of the rising generation. Educa- meat screened from flies, and the tion is advancing by leaps and religious literature have issued examination of milk and meat. bounds. Feminism is another movement of unusual signifi- "I expect the community to collect cance to lands that have hitherto kept women veiled and secluded. from it in half a dozen different garbage, care for sewage, isolate peo- In Egypt, unlike Turkey, the fez languages, and have been scat- ple who have infectious diseases, and is still worn by men and the veil tered all over the Near East and to punish dirty people; to pass laws by women, but many free social to keep the health of the people in relations between the sexes are even in China, India, South good condition, to open schools so that permitted. Africa and the Americas. the people may be educated, to use the Dr. Watson believes that with money I pay in taxes in the right way. this new day that has dawned To help defray expenses, all comes an opportunity for serv- sorts of commercial printing is "I expect the community to drive ing these people such as Chris- turned out. The present equip- out child labor. I also look for a good tianity has never had before. position and respect for women as WESTERN ASIA ment has been running contin- well as for men. These things will uously for 30 years. cost me a great deal, they will cost me Near East School of Theology courage and ability to work, for it is -Caravan Trails. not enough to see and say, and not to A glance at the field work program of the Near East School do anything. They also cost me time, of Theology indicates that its influence is very extensive, reach- Al Jazireh and this time, energy and money I should save by planning everything at Al J azireh is an island-like home. I should follow the laws of the community, pay my taxes on time and portion of Syria, lying between . be a good example." the two rivers of ancient history -the Euphrates and the Tigris. These ideas were put into Its missionary interest centers practice in a preliminary sani- in five villages, each having a tary survey of Sidon community. small, but earnest group of Under impressive police escort Christians. In Haseecha there groups 'of girls inspected the is a church building, and the men's p r is 0 n, the women's twelve Protestant families are prison, the public bath, the anxious for a school. Am- slaughter house, the meat, vege- moudah is a thriving wheat table and milk markets.

market, seemingly oblivious of When the girls were ready to the depression. The town's present their report they invited most distinguished citizen is a the honorary members of their Protestant. Kamishlie has 81 club, a group of Sidon women, Protestant Christians; they have and a representative of the purchased a site for church and Women's Club in Beirut. With- school. Aleppo station is help- in two weeks the Sidon Women's ing to supply a preacher-teacher. Club came into existence, stat- There are about fifty Protestants ing as its purpose: "The Im- in Ain Diwar, the most hetero- provement of Family and Com- geneous group to be encountered munity Life." Three committees anywhere. If one would be have been organized, the prison

committee, health committee and ing its influence felt in India suIts will be made, and plans outa committee to help the poor. also. Under the influence of lined for future work. INDIA some of the Roman Catholic pre- The initial expense is covered Evangelistic Week in Dornakal lates in India branches of this by a gift received through Dr. The Bishop of Dornakal believes that rural India is ready, league have been formed in cities E. Stanley Jones, whose work as never before, to receive the Gospel. Nearly 12,000 baptized like Calcutta, Madras and Bang- with the higher classes in India Christians were voluntary witness bearers during evangelistic alore. A public meeting was makes him appreciate the possiweek last May in Dornakal diocese. During the campaign held· in Madras under the aus- bilities of reaching in this way in the Kistna area nearly 5,000 people definitely decided to be- pices of the Catholic Social Guild large numbers of educated, but come Christians, and 21,000, of whom 12,000 were caste people, to protest against the unwhole- heart-hungry men who have stated that they wanted to know more about Christ. some cinema films shown in that little direct touch with Chris- -C. M. S. Outlook. city. Protestants and some non- tians.

What About Ceylon? Christians took a prominent A changed viewpoint has be- part in this meeting. In India, . Missionary Coordination come rather prevalent in Ceylon, expressed concretely in a book it is very rarely that Catholics Representatives of ten misby an English professor, "A and Protestants cooperate. sions met in Bombay September Buddhist Pilgrimage." The idea is that when a backward people -The Christian Century. 5 to discuss the question of eshave been lifted by a degree of western civilization they should tablishing a joint business office be left to work out their own des- Appeals for the Colleges in Bombay. The views expressed tiny. All religions are good, but for the Singhalese none is better Advisory committees on Chris- indicate that there will be many than Buddhism. tian higher education in India advantages arising from a joint office. The sale of American The C. M. S. has a large share have been set up in Great Britain in upholding a belief in Christ in and in North America, and in drafts will be facilitated and Ceylon, but there are only 30,000 India a Central Board of Chris- other items of business, par- Christians of the Anglican ticularly those that have to do Church in a population of over tian Higher Education has come with transit and shipping, will 5,000,000. The Anglican Church into existence. The object of has been renamed "The Church these bodies is to see that the be handled much easier from a of Ceylon"; it is the first fruits recommendations of the Lindsay central office. There will also be of 100 years' work. In nearly a a considerable saving in office hundred villages schools are Commission are carried out by staff· and equipment when the staffed with Christian teachers· the colleges, and to help the oran urgent need is that of,keeping ganizations connected with these work of ten or more societies can the faith of these teachers at a colleges to give effect to the be carried on through one office. high level, since even they are in It is recognized that at least two danger of succumbing to the recommendations. An appeal missionaries will be required, axiom "Buddhism for Ceylon." for £130,000 for Indian colleges and possibly a third to make At least a third of the 147 teachers are Christians of ten years' was launched last March; and provision for necessary furstanding, or less. However, in the colleges which are run by loughs. There would be one or many villages there is real prog- American missionary societies more permanent office assistants ress, and a steady flow of those have asked the American Ad- in addition. If this experiment who are "added to the faith." visory Committee to appeal for is made and proves successful, it -C. M. S. Outlook. Rs. 1,500,000 for helping the de- is quite possible that other mis- velopment of colleges like For- sions will wish to share in the Legion of Decency advantages of such a joint. office. man College, Lahore; the Chris- The Legion of Decency started tian College, Allahabad; the -The Indian Witness. in America on the initiative of Christian College, Lucknow; the Roman Catholic bishops is mak- American College, Madura; the CHINA Isabella Thoburn College for Women, Lucknow, and the Chris- New Broadcasting Station tian College, Indore. The largest broadcasting sta- Experiment in Press tion in Asia, and the third Evangelism largest in the world, has recently been opened by the Chinese Gov- Newspaper evangelism, al- ernment in Nanking. A circle ready a tested and successful with its wavelength as a radius means of Christian work in and Nanking as the center in- Japan, is being introduced in cludes Irkutsk, Chita, Delhi, Cal- India. Dr. James E. Manry, of cutta, Burma, Sumatra, New Allahabad, writes that during Guinea and the Caroline Islands. the coming winter it is planned Just what are we likely to hear? to insert articles on Christianity The program from 8: 00 a. m.

in a number of the best Indian till 9: 00 p. m. includes the news dailies, both English and ver- (broadcast in Mandarin spoken nacular. After a four-months' with a South China accent), lec- experiment, a check-up on re- tures and musical numbers.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Both Ginling College girls glee from the God of its fathers! It is the literature, and forming personal faith of the Pilgrim Fathers that club and the girls of Methodist made America great." contacts with men and women in Hui Wen High School have pro- the towns and villages in their -The. King's Business. districts. -Chinese Recorder. grams. A Professor of Nanking Theological Seminary has spoken A Model Parish Government Aid for Colleges on the topic "Educational Foun- dations of World Peace." At Pastor Tien Li Kung has made There are encouraging signs the invitation of the Chinese Government, messages from sev- his parish a model for the whole of cooperation between Chriseral Christian institutions are country. This out-of-the-way tian conferences and governbeing sent far and wide. church had been going down hill ment schools. A youth workers' -Woman's Missionary Friend. until only five members were conference, for instance, was held on the campus of the pro- Press Literature Prizes left, but Pastor Tien threw his whole energy into his task and vincial college at Wusih. A Two prizes were offered by the preached for 50 nights in the young people's conference in Presbyterian Chi n a Council, with a view to stimulating the street, organized two day schools Honan was held on the campus production of Chinese Christian and four night classes, all taught of a provincial rural normal literature. One prize of $300 by volunteers. In each of these school. Mutual understanding was awarded to the author of the centers he conducts a weekly best original production of preaching service. Difficulties and appreciation was one result. Christian literature in Chinese This is one aspect of the very published during the year 1934. which fill others with consterna- Another prize of $150 was tion only rouse him to action. cordial relations now existing awarded for the most effective between Christian and other intranslation of Christian litera- Pastor Tien's example has pro- stitutions in China. The Univerture into Chinese published dur- voked both the county normal sity of Nanking has during the ing the year 1934. The name school and the higher boarding "Press Literature Prizes" has last year received more than a been given in recognition of the school to zeal for the under- quarter of a million dollars service rendered by the Presby- privileged. For the first tim~ in (silver) from various public orterian Mission Press. their history they are conductmg ganizations, among them the na- tional government. Yenching -Chinese Recorder. classes for those who cannot read or write. Twice recently University, also, received about students from the latter institu- $60,000 (silver) from the minis- tion have paraded the city ex- try of education.

horting the illiterate to enroll in -The Christian Century. night classes. The results have Oriental Views America been commendable. New Mohammedan State -Christian Advocate. Chinese Turkestan is a poten- A distinguished Chi n e s e Friends' Work Strengthened tially rich land commanding the leader, Mr. Leland Wang, of Honkong, who paid a visit to A real strengthening of the trade routes that connect India, America recently, was educated Russia, Mongolia, Tibet and in three Chinese Naval colleges, Friends' forces in China has China. It has a large Chinese and at the time of his conversion Mohammedan population. Genin 1918 held a high position in been made by the return of five the Chinese Navy. Later, he re- eral Ma has now declared the signed his position to devote his missionaries from furlough, and state independent of China and time to evangelism. He has wit- given it the name of Islamistan nessed to his profession in al- the sending of two new ones. most every province of China, (the realm of Islam). Accordand in other lands as well. Re- Friends in England have made ing to reliable private informaturning from his visit to Amer- tion, "no Christian will be tolica, he has made various obser- this possible. In the two la~ge vations: erated in the State of Islamistan, cities of Szechwan, Chungkmg and Christian refugees are be- "We have traveled over eleven thou- ginning to trickle down through sand miles in three months, besides and Chengtu, each with over taking about one hundred meetings in the Northwest frontier into different places. One of my impres- 5s0ha0~0e00wiinthhaboitthaenrts,chFurrchi eesn ds India." There have been murder, sions of America is that there are too in imprisonment and torture in the many automobiles here. It is a nation on wheels." evangelistic and educational ef- small Christian community, and the reports declare that there With keen spiritual insight, forts. At the city of Chungking, will be exile for all survivors. Mr. Wang views America's real need as well as that of the whole Chinese Friends maintain the This son of an English manu- work unassisted. In Central facturer in London, a convert to Mohammedanism has assumed Szechwan, a large district with the title "King of Islamistan."

Tungchwan as its center, Friends are the only Christian represen- tatives. Further south, there has been a successful year in hospital work at Suining; while in the Tungchwan and Suining districts the workers have de- world, when he says: voted much time to what one of Inaccessible Turkestan them terms "old fashioned evan- "How sad it is to see this country, gelical work," h?ldin~ m~eti~gs, About the most inaccessible which puts the inscription 'In God preaching, teachmg, dlstrlbutmg spot in the world is that strip of We Trust' on its dollar, departing

territory stretching along the Pan-Pacific Buddhist has appointed pastor F. L. Ching northern side of Tibet through Conference and his wife to open work in which runs the age-long caravan A Pan-Pacific Buddhist Con- these islands. They are the first route from the Mediterranean ference was held in Kyoto last missionaries to enter this field. to the Pacific. Last year a com- July, attended by nearly 700 del- The prevailing religion among pany of six young men under the the island tribes is a mixture of egates representing Buddhism Mohammedanism and animism. direction of a veteran mission- all over the world. A message -The Evangelical Christian. ary entered the territory via the was sent to the Conference by Gobi Desert on two motor trucks. Mr. Gandhi, from which the fol- Jubilee in Malaysia One of the group writes of the lowing is taken: way this large, unevangelized It is impossible for Hindu India to- Malaya Methodists celebrate district is being reached. this month the fiftieth anniver- day to retrace her steps and go be- sary of the opening of the work On Sundays we hold services in our guest room, singing simple hymns and hind the great reformation that Gau- in Malaysia by William F. Oldgiving out gospel message to those tama effected in Hinduism. By his immense sacrifice, by his great re- who come. Quite a number of men nunciation and by the immaculate ham, now Bishop, who is planand school boys have come to listen, purity of his life he left an indelible ning to be present with Mrs. and a goodly number of people, both impress upon Hinduism, and Hinduold and young, just stroll in to see ism owes an eternal debt of gratitude Oldham. They will be guests of what is going on, attracted usually by to that great teacher. . . . .. Wherever the conference. Miss Sophie the sound of my little organ. We have the Budha went, he was followed by Blackmore, who opened the had many visitors from the various Woman's Foreign Missionary peoples that live here–dhinese, Tun- and surrounded not by non-Hindus gans, Turki, and others – and have but by Hindus who were saturated Society work in 1887, comes had opportunities to talk with them from Australia as guest of the about the things of God. . with the Hindu law. But the Bud- As there are many sick and suffer- dha's teaching, like his heart, was alling people here without proper medical aid, the traveling missionary expanding and all-embracing, and so Woman's Foreign Missionary always carries his medicine case, as it has survived his own body and Society. Bishop Badley will rep- swept across the face Qf the earth. resent the Board of Bishops. well as Bibles, gospels and tracts. Buddha never rejected Hinduism but Thus we have found it helpful to do he broadened its base. He gave it a A pageant entitled "The Morna little dispensary work for two hours new life and a new interpretation. every morning. During the last month Gautama was a Hindu of Hindus. ing Light," prepared by Mrs. E. or so we have seen some three hundred sick people, and have been able -The Christian Century. F. Lee, will be presented in Victo relieve much suffering. We hope toria Hall, Singapore. The hisin this way to show forth something ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC tory is given in a book entitled Religious Education Library Malaya Rejoices.

-The Christian Advocate.

of the love of God in Christ, and win In response to an appeal made Fijian Friends the confidence of the people. by Secretary Enrique C. Sob- repefia of the Philippine Com- It seems to be characteristic of -Moody Bible Institute the Fijians that when a new Monthly. mittee of Christian Education JAPAN -CHOSEN that the Philippine Islands be thing takes their fancy they put made one of the religious educa- amazing enthusiasm into it. The Professor Becomes Evangelist tion library centers, one hundred observance of Mothers' Day is choice books on religious educa- one instance; children do all the Here is a bit of early Chris- tion have been shipped to Manila work on that day to give their by the World's Sunday School mothers a rest. Sons send gifts, tianity in modern Japan. Mr. Association. These books will Suzuki, formerly teacher of form the nucleus of a circulating and students go home for the Physics in the Imperial Univer- library for use by religious edu- week end. Fijian women have cators in the Philippines and in linked up with the rest of the sity, has taken up a small farm Malaysia. in a mountainous region of world in the celebration of the northwest Japan, and built for Advance in Dutch East Indies Women's World Day of Prayer, himself a home from which, as a West Borneo, South Sumatra and attach tremendous imporbase, he engages in evangelism. and the 200 islands lying be- tance to it. They conduct their tween, a field comprising from He was once an agnostic, but his seven to eight million people, meetings in a fine, devotional contacts with the Omi Mission brought him to Christ. He fin- spirit. -The Missionary Review ished his scientific studies and (Australia). then mastered Greek and Hebrew in order to search the must be classed as unreached Scriptures in the original. Even- territory. These islands are in" WHY DO YOU GO?

tually, he felt called to give his habited by Chinese and Malay- Some go to church just for a walk, whole time to Christian work, speaking people in a proportion Some go there just to laugh and talk, and chose.this remote and unat- of about fifty-fifty. The Chinese Some go there the time to spend, Foreign Missionary U n ion, Some go there to meet a friend, tractive region. He has an as- Some go there for speculation, sembly hall in his own house which has seven Chinese mis- Some go there for observation, where he holds meetings and sionaries working in pioneer Some go there to doze and nod, Sunday school. -So S. Times. areas of the Dutch East Indies, Some–how few-to worship God.

'~I================I'~

1 Our Missionary Bookshelf j Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information ~,=====–==============~=,~ The Living Religions of the Indian carried on its great work result- able. The pages, too, show an ing from Stanley's call and the enthusiastic admiration for People. By Nicol Macnicol. Pp. beginnings by Hannington and China. The illustrations are Mackay. The book is a careful vivid and most attractively done. 323, 10 shillings, 6 pence. The study of the social and economic No child can read the book with- structure of the Baganda people out coming away with a warm Southern Christian Movement Press, as affected by European in- appreciation of the Chinese and fluences which have pressed in with something of a knowledge London, 1934. upon them. The writer is sym- of the sweep of Chinese history pathetic with the ethical prin- -and it is to be hoped with a The six chapters of this book ciples of Christianity and in the desire to know more. In what main with its social influence. appears to be its primary purwere presented in connection He thinks that missionary effort pose the book has been very suc- "would be infinitely more val- cessful. with the Wilde Lectureship in uable if its emphasis was trans- ferred from its present objects It is, however, easy for the Natural and Comparative Reli- to the advocacy of ethical ideals." To him it is conceivable that specialist to criticize a book of gions at the University of Ox- "ideals of altruism in which the this kind. Obviously it is writ- strength of Christianity has al- ten by one with no particularly ford (1932-34). They deal with ways lain might come to be re- garded as not necessarily insep- expert knowledge of China. The Hinduism, India Islam, J ainism, arable from a code of sexual morality which no European so- literature on which the book is the religions of the Sikhs and the ciety has in fact ever followed." based is good but does not in- clude enough modern works on Parsees, and with Indian Chris- In other words, he thinks that history to incorporate the re- Christian missions should lay sults of the best recent scholartianity. They are a temperate less emphasis on theology and be ship. The author apparently satisfied with their social and knows nothing of the fascinatand restrained study both of the moral influence, with an adapta- ing glimpses which within the tion of moral ideals to the old past two or three decades archrehistorical background and of the African social organization. The ology has given of the begin- evidence is complete that west- nings of Chinese culture, and present situation in the case of ern civilization is going to mod- still narrates simply the time- ify radically the life of the honored story of early monarchs each of the religions of India. African people whether for good who at best are probably only or for evil. The problem for myths. Lao Tzu is spoken of as They represent an attitude of Christian missions is as to how an historical personage, and no much they can contribute to the doubt seems to have troubled the great fairness, not to say of change for good and how little author's mind concerning his au- to the change for evil. thorship of the Tao Te Ching. tenderness, in dealing with the S 0 m e noteworthy characters ROBERT E. SPEER. who might well have been made non-Christian religions of India, very attractive, such as Wang The Pageant of Chine.s,e History. By Mang, Wang An-shih, and Chu but there is no question with Dr. Elizabeth Seeger. Illustrated by Hsi, are not even mentioned. Bernard Watkins. New York, Long- The romanization is frequently Macnicol as to the place of mans, Greene and Company, 1934. Pp. xvii, 386. $3.00. of the type which is not in ac- Christ and no equation of Him cord with the most generally ac- The author has avowedly writ- cepted usage. Moreover, the with any other. Dr. Macnicol is, ten for children, and most de- modern period is dealt with en- lightfully she has done it. The tirely too sketchily to introduce of course, thoroughly equipped style is vivid and eminently read- even children in any adequate fashion to the stirring events of with knowledge and understand- ing for his task and this is a good book like others which he has written. There is a slight slip in the footnote on page 160 in placing Kerbela in Persia in- stead of in Iraq. R. E. S.

An African People in the Twentieth Century. By L. P. Mair. Pp. 300, 12s., 6d. George Routledge & Sons, London. 1934.

This thesis, by a lecturer in Colonial Administration in the London School of Economics, is "A study of the influence of European civilization on the structure of African society and of the practical lessons to be learned in the shaping of colonial policy."

The people studied are the Baganda of East Central Africa -the people among whom the Church Missionary Society has Any of the books noted in these columns will be sent by the REVIEW publishers on receipt of price.

r 47]

the late decades or to an under- A History of Religion. By Herbert observe the distinction between standing of the China of to-day. H. Gowen. 8vo. 698 pp. $3.50. facts and the author's opinions. Nor does the author seem to Morehouse Publishing Co. Mil- Noone can prudently challenge know much about missions; the waukee. 1934. the authority of the professor of only mention of them in the nine- history in Harvard University teenth and twentieth centuries is Dr. Gowen, Professor of Ori- when he makes statements of by way of semi-disparagement. ental Studies in the University fact, but his opinions are in a of Washington, and the author more debatable category. For It is, therefore, a pity that a of several volumes on the sub- example, the fact that Mark bebook which in many ways is ex- ject, writes as an historian lieved that Jesus claimed to be cellent should not before going rather than as a theologian or the Son of Man is coupled with to press have been perused by missionary but his viewpoint is the opinion: "I do not think that experts and so have been able to avowedly Christian. His pur- Jesus can have meant Himself" avoid some of the defects which pose is to trace God's purpose (pp. 42-43). Anyone with the now are obvious. and method of leading men from New Testament in his hands can darkness to light and from judge of that. K. S. LATOURETTE. death to life. The untranslated quotations do not tend to make There is much in the book that A Bosporus Adventure. Istanbul the book suited to popular use. is fine but throughout the Bible (Constantinople) Woman's College, and Jesus (the term Christ is 1871-1924. By Mary Mills Patrick, Dr. Gowen begins with primi- avoided) are discussed from a Stanford University Press, 1934. tive religion, discusses ancient thoroughly rationalistic view- Pp. 284. Price, $2.25. and modern religions, and closes point. He frankly declares: "I with an attempt to look into the do not believe in the existence of Here is the story of a great future. He finds some difficulty any creator, and when I use the adventure in education for the in defining religion; "Man's word God, I mean the totality of womanhood of the Near East by faith in an ideal beyond him- values, not a person or a personal the president emeritus of Istan- self" is too broad a definition being" (p. 85). The reader is bul Woman's College. Dr. Pat- for it would include those who told that "Paul's teaching difrick went to Constantinople as a have no religion. The same ob- fered seriously from the teachteacher in 1875, four years after jection holds with regard to the ing of Jesus" (p. 75), and that the founding of the school. She author's treatment of Judaism the Christianity which will surretired in 1924. During this pe- and other religions, which he de- vive is neither St. Paul's teachriod the college grew from a scribes as "designed to prepare ing about Jesus, nor that of any girl's school of forty pupils to an men's minds for the dawning of one else, not even of Jesus himinstitution with several hundred a new spiritual day." If this self, but that which is freshly students, in modern buildings was the design, all except the evoked in each generation by the and on a campus of seventy Hebrew religion have failed to spirit which animated Jesus and acres. fulfil their purpose. He accepts Paul in theirs." We wonder the historicity of the Old and whether the students who heard The story is told in accordance New Testament but does not these lectures realized that what with the periods of Turkish rule, seem to recognize the Old Testa- they were getting as "modern before and after the Revolution. ment as a special divine revela- scholarship" was simply old in- Conditions under the reaction- tion to prepare the way for fidelity in a new dress. ary Sultan Abdul Hamid and un- Christ. He accepts Christ as dider the new republic are strong- vine Lord and Saviour but does ARTHUR J. BROWN. ly contrasted. The aut h 0 r not pronounce on such matters sketches the dark days of op- as virgin birth, the miracles and Ein Christ auf den Strasen der Welt. pression, the struggle for free- the resurrection. Das Leben des Dr. John R. Mott. dom, and the atmosphere of old By Basil Mathews. Herausgegeben Turkey as the background for The book has an immense von Professor Julius Richter (Berthe new day in modern Turkey, amount of information on the lin). Berlin: 1m Furche-Verlag. which she believes is one of the different r e Ii g ion s and is Price, R. M. 4,80. Pp. 347. most progressive of republics. adapted to discerning students She pays tribute to the noble rather than to the general read- Dr. Mott and his world-wide women who were her colleagues er. There are numerous refer- circle of friends are to be conon the field, and not less those ences to source material. gratulated on t his excellent who contributed of their substance so liberally for the build- translation of his life-story through the indefatigable pen of ing of the College and its endow- Paul, His Heritage and Legacy. By Prof. Julius Richter of Berlin. ment. We are surprised that Kirsopp Lake. The Mary Flexner there is almost no reference to Lectures on the Humanities at Bryn Islam, until recently the state Mawr College. 153 pp. $2.00. Ox- The original work by Ba'sil ford University Press, New York. Mathews was reviewed at length religion of Turkey.

An excellent bibliography, a This is not a biography of in this Magazine. It will suffice list of publications by the Amer- Paul but a general discussion of therefore to note that the trans- ican members of the faculty, and Jewish and Gentile Christianity, lation is unabridged, except for a good index add to the value of with Paul viewed as a "bridge" the omission of the maps and il- the book. S. M. ZWEMER. between them. Readers need to lustrations. S. M. ZWEMER.

and the Cosmos. By Theodore Missionary Facts from W orId Fields. Apolo, the Apostle to the

Graebner. pp. 352. $3.00. Wil- 18 pp. 15 cents. Baptist Board of Wm. J. W. Roome. 95 pp. 1s. liam B. Erdman Pub. Co., Grand Education. New York. Marshall, Morgan & Scott. London. Rapids, Michigan. 1934. The Omi Brotherhood in Japan. Wm. Church and State in Latin America: This author, a professor of Merrell Vories. Illus. 180 pp. A History of Politico-Ecclesiastical $1.00. Omi Brotherhood. Omi- Relations. J. Lloyd Mecham. 550 plIilosophy in the Concordia Hachiman, Japan. pp. $4.50. University Press. Chapel Hill, N. C. Theological Seminary in St. The Responsibility of Success. W. Wilson Cash. 92 pp. 1s. C. M. S. Shintoism: The Indigenous Religion Louis, calls his book "a critical London. of Japan. A. C. Underwood. 126 pp. 2s. 6d. Epworth Press. Lonanalysis of atheism." This is a The Re-Discovery of the Spirit. Wm. don. Owen Carver. 160 pp. $1.50. Retrue characterization. The vol- vell. New York. Zoroastrianism. J. W. Waterhouse. 134 pp. 28. 6d. Epworth Press. ume is a cogent and vigorous Something Happened. Mildred Cable London. and Francesca French. $2.00. 320 and, to the unprepossessed mind, pp. C. I. M. Philadelphia. Jesus Christ and Primitive Need: A Missionary Study in the Chrisa convincing statement of the in- Southern Baptists in the Great Ad- tian Message. C. P. Groves. 260 venture. T. B. Ray. $1.25. 201 pp. pp. 6s. Epworth Press. London. validity of any theory of life and Baptist Sunday School Board. Nashville. Problems of the Pacific, 1933. Prothe world based on materialism, ceedings of the 5th Conference of Stories of Hymns We Love. Cecilia the Institute of Pacific Relations. mechanism or atheism. There is M. Rudin. $1.00. 50 pp. John Edited by Bruno Lasker and W. L. Rudin & Co. Chicago. Holland. 490 pp. $5.00. Universa great wealth of quotation from ity Press. Chicago. Stories of Indian Saints. The Late an immense mass of reading and Justin E. Abbott. Rs. 3. 500 pp. Personal Items United Theological College of Westthe material is presented so ern India. Poona, India. (Concluded from page 1.) clearly and simply that any Peace by Revolution: An Interpreta- in January to conduct meetings under tion of Mexico. Frank Tannen- the auspices of the Inter-Varsity Stuthoughtful person can follow the baum. Illus. 317 pp. $3.50. Co- dent Christian Fellowship. lumbia University Press. New argument. There are some ty- York. *** pographical errors which should Sixty Years of Service on Behalf of Dr. Ju Sam Ryang, general super- Lepers and Their Children. 94 pp. intendent of the Korea Methodist be corrected in another edition. Mission to Lepers. London. Church since 1930, has been reelected for a second term of four years. Dr. It would be well if the authori- A History of the Church in Vene- Ryang is a graduate of Vanderbilt zuela-1810-1930. Mary Watters. and Yale Universities. ties quoted were more fully 260 pp. $3.00. University Press. Chapel Hill, N. C. *** dated as some of them also are Rebel Destiny: Among the Bush Ne- Rev. John W. Nichols, D.D., was perhaps outdistanced and sev- groes of Dutch Guiana. Melville J. consecrated Suffragan Bishop of and Frances S. Herskovitz. Illus. Shanghai, November 1st. eral authorities still living are 366 pp. $3.00. McGraw-Hill. New York and London. •*• quoted in terms to which they Malekula: A Vanishing People in Sir Wilfred Grenfell, who is nearmight justly take exception. But the New Hebrides. A. Bernard ing three score years and ten, plans to Deacon. Illus. 789. 42s. Rout- retire from active work in Labrador no such mass of material as this ledge. London. and Newfoundland but will continue to promote the work for people to could be assembled without some The World Wide Church-1934-5. whom he has devoted his life by help- 130 pp. 1s. Church House, Press ing promote the work of the Internaqualification, and the book can and Publications Boards. London. tional Grenfell Association. He has 1934. been for more than forty years a big be heartily recommended as a Christian brother to the people of The Case for Missions in Modern Labrador and the Newfoundland coast. straight out, plain spoken, well India. E. C. Dewick. 25 pp. 3 as. Palghat Mission. Palghat, South informed statement of a positive India.

Christian view of God and the Africa and the Making of Books: Being a Survey of Africa's Need of world. R. E. S. Literature. Margaret Wrong. 56 pp. 6d. International Committee New Books on Christian Literature for Africa. Obituary Notes Donald Fraser of Livingstonia. By China's First Preacher, Liang A-Fa, (Concluded from 2d cover.) Agnes R. Fraser. 7s. 6d. Hodder 1789-1855. G. H. McNeur. Illus. & Stoughton. London. 128 pp. Mex. $1.50. Kwang Hsueh The Archbishop of Rupert's Land, Pub. House. Shanghai. Jesus Christ and Primitive Need. By Rt. Rev. I. O. Stringer, D.D., died Charles Pelham Groves. 6s. Ep- Builders of the Indian Church. worth Press. London. Stephen Neill. 159 pp. 3s. 6d. suddenly in Winnipeg, Manitoba, on Hodder & Stoughton. London. Das Buch Der Deutschen Weltmis- his way to take part in a parish meet- sionen. Julius Richter. Illus. 332 Sadhu Sundar Singh: A Personal Mem- pp. Leopold Klotz. Gotha. oir. C. F. Andrews. 256 pp. 3s. ing. Since 1892, Bishop Stringer had 6d. Hodder & Stoughton. London. China's Problems and Their Solution. ministered to dwellers in the Arctic Wang Ching Wei. $2.50. China Aggrey the African Teacher. Wm. J. United Press. Shanghai. W. Roome. 94 pp. 1s. Marshall, wastes. *• * Morgan & Scott. London. Christianity Tested. Oscar Macmil- Dr. Marcus C. Mason, a retired lan Buck. 255 pp. $2. Abingdon Press. New York. pioneer missionary to Assam, died in The Daughter of Abd Salam. Flor- East Aurora, N. Y., October 15, 1934. ence Mary Fitch. Reprint. Illus. For fifty years he worked among the 75 pp. $1.50. Bruce Humphries. Boston. savage tribes of the Garo Hills. His Ein Christ Auf Den Strassen Der first task was to reduce the Garo lan- Welt-Dr. John R. Mott. Basil Matthews. 348 pp. Rm. 4.80. guage to writing, and it is due to him Furche-Verlag. Berlin. and to Dr. E. G. Phillips that the The Faiths of Mankind. William Pa- Garos have the Bible in their own ton. Second Edition. 156 pp. 2s. 6d. S. C. M. P. London. vernacular. THE MOSLEM WORLD SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, Editor SOME ARTICLES IN THE JANUARY NUMBER: Unitarianism and the Gospel …………………………… Archbishop of York The Study of the Koran Text ……….•……………………… Arthur Jeffery Does the Bible Speak of Mohammed? ………………………. James Robson A Baha'i Pontiff in the Making ………………..•………… Albert E. Suthers AI Madina: Arabic or Aramaic ….•…….•…..•………….. Eric F. F. Bishop Moslems in the United States ……••.•….••..••…………•… G. H. Bousquet Christianity and Islam in Lanao ……..•..•.•.•…………….. Frank C. Laubach To Whom Will Ye Liken God? ……………………….. Laurence E. Browne A Moslem Shrine in Buda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " …….. Ladislaus Draskoay The Moslem Doctrine of Revelation ……………………………"Orientalist"

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The Missionary Review of the World — December 1934

1934

Ancient Persia Goes Modern H. A. Lichtwardt Present-Day Shinto in Japan Albertus Pieters Present Value of Medical Missions Nathaniel Bercovitz Evangelization … in This Generation Kenneth Scott Latourette The Second Coming of Christ Henry W. Frost Go, Preach the Good News James H. Nicol

to Remember ABSOLUTELY FREE!

December 4-7-Federal Council of A CHRISTMAS GIFT EVERY MONTH FOR YOURSELF the Churches of Christ in America, AND A WORTHWHILE GIFT TO A FRIEND Biennial Meeting, Dayton, Ohio. God so loved the world that He gave His Son December 9-Universal Bible Sunday. Christ so loved mankind that He gave His life January 6-12-Universal Week of Millions of men and women have never even heard of this gift Prayer. of love. As a result they have not the benefits of this gift. What are you doing to make God's gift known? January 22 – February 16 – Cornell School for Missionaries, Cornell, Scripture Text Calendar, 1935 THE MISSIONARY N.Y. ~~W>RID FLORIDA CHAIN OF MISSIONARY Size of Calendar, 9% xl6 inches Makes known, month by ASSEMBLIES month, the need of men. FEATURES-This nationally ad- January 26-30-0rlando. vertised Messenger Scripture Text Cal- It describes January 27-30-Deland. endar has thirteen full-color copies of The wonderful work of God in January 30-February 1-Palm Beaches religious paintings of suitable size for February 2-7-Miami. framing. Brief stories of the, pictures. all parts of the world. February 7-8-Bradenton. Daily Scripture quotations. Schedule Carried on by all evangelical February 7-8-Fort Myers. showing how to read the Bible through February 9-15-St. Petersburg. in a year. Golden Texts for Interna- agencies. February 10-13—Clearwater. tional Sunday School lessons. Flower The spread of the Gospel in all February 13-1S-Tampa. and birthstone of each month. Pre- February 17-19-Lakeland. ceding and following month on each lands. February 17-19-Winter Haven. page. Phases of the moon, tides, holi- The transformation of men in February 19-21-Gainesville. days, etc. Value, 30 cents each. February 23-26—Jacksonville. all lands. The modern Miracles of Mis- To Rid Ohina of Leprosy SIons. Rev. T. C. Wu, M.A., B.D., the general secretary of the Chinese Mission Why not send THE REVIEW to Lepers, reports that he has found to your Friends-to some pas- Kwantung and Fukien Provinces to tor, missionary, parent, teacher? be most heavily infected with leprosy; It will bring the Christ Message Yunnan, Kwangsi and Kweichow are every month. This message second; Anwhei, Hupeh, Hunan and brings joy-peace-life. Kiansi third; Shantung fourth; Kiangsu and Chekiang fifth; and Shensi, Will you give as God has Kansu, and Manchuria with lesser given to you-FREELY? numbers. The total of China's lepers is estimated to be at least half a mil- CHRISTMAS CARD BOX ASSORTMENT lion. This gift box contains sixteen beautiful cards Mr. Wu's tours throughout China and folders, each with a Christmas sentiment, have resulted in the formation of engraved Bible text and an envelope to match. many local auxiliaries, and in the Every Scripture text card you mail will bear a establishment of leper hospitals at Christian greeting. The quality and variety of strategic centers. One of these, the both message and design found in our cards are Nanchang Leprosarium, was the first most attractive. They are produced by one of to be built solely through the efforts the finest art lithograph houses in America. of the Chinese. A campaign has been Value, 50 cents. conducted, under Mr. Wu's leadership, to have leprosy prevention informa- NOTIFICATION CARD tion presented to the public through posters, pamphlets, and text books. If desired, with every Christmas gift subscrip- The Nationalist Government was led tion we will send free one of our beautiful notification cards, size 5!4 x3!4 to enact suitable leprosy legislation inches, in colors. and to include "ridding China of leprosy" in its public health program. With every SUbscription we offer to send you FREE either The first National Leprosy Conference a box of assorted Christmas cards or two Scripture Text ever held in China was another proj- Calendars. ect of the Chinese Mission to Lepers whose latest step has been the spon- Send in your list of Christmas gift subscriptions today. We will send THE soring of a campaign to build a model MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD and Notification Card in time to National Leprosarium in Shanghai, reach their destination for Christmas, and your premium selection to you promptly. as a treatment center for Shanghai's estimated 2,000 lepers and as a dem- Subscription price, United States and Canada, $2.50; foreign countries, $J. onstration center' for the training of nurses and doctors in the care of Subscription Department leprosy. MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD Mr. Wu was educated at Shanghai Baptist College, and has also studied Third and Reily Streets, Harrisburg, Pa. in America at Rochester Theological Seminary, at Columbia University and THIS OFFER IS ONLY GOOD UNTIL DECEMBER 25, 1934 Chicago. Returning to China in 1919, he' founded and became pastor of the • North Shanghai Baptist Church, resigning this post to assist in organizing the movement which has given China a place of leadership and influence among the nations seeking to banish leprosy from the world.

MISSIONARY Personal

REVIEW OF THE WORLD Dr. William B. Millar, former gen- • DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor eral secretary of the New York Fed- eration of Churches, has been made with SPEED VOL. LVII DEC. 1934 No. 12 secretary of the Motion Picture Foun- COMFORT dation of the United States, recently ECONOMY Publication and Business Omce organized. The Foundation will com- Third a.nd Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. bat undesirable motion pictures by EmpresJ ofJapan . .. queen of the Pacifi~ supporting or actually subsidizing GO DIRECT … reach Yokohama in Editorial and Executive Omee good pictures, giving financial aid to 10 days on the fast sister-ships, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City independent producers of motion pic- Empress ofRflSjia and Empress ofAsia Entered as second-olass matter at tures who show a high moral tone. … the Pacific's shortest, fastest Post Omee, Ha.rrlsburg, Pa., under Act crossing. of March 3, 1879. *** OR VIA HONOLULU •.• the Empress oj 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. Japan (fastest liner on the Pacific) Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. Rev. Ren Da Ling, graduate of the and Empress ofCanada reach Hono- Published monthly, except August. Baptist Seminary, University of lulu in 5 days, Yokohamainjust8 All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1934. Shanghai, is the first pioneer mission- days more. ary to enter the land of Mongolia un- REDUCED ROUND -TRIP FARES ••• MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- der support of the Chinese Home Orient fares include passage from LISHING CO., INC. Missionary Society. He is supported Seattle. Luxurious First, excellent entirely by Chinese Christians. Tourist, low-priced Third Class. BOARD OF DIRECTORS FREQUENT SAILINGS ••• from Van· RoBERT E. SPEER, President *** couver (trains to ship-side) and WM. 1. CHAMBERLAIN, Vloe-Presldent Victoria. Orient ports-of-calI: WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer Dr. John W. Bradbury has resigned Yokohama, Kobe, Nagasaki, DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Seoretary his pastorate of the Wadsworth Ave- Shanghai, Hong Kong, Manila. SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT nue Baptist Church, New York City, Booklets, information . .. from your MR8. ORRIN R. JUDD to join the editorial staff of the own travel agent or any Canadian WM. B. LIPPHARD Watchman-Examiner. Dr. Bradbury Pacific office in N ewYork, Boston, ERIC M. NORTH is widely known through his writing Chicago, St. Louis, San Francisco, MILTON T. STAUFFER and preaching. Montreal, Toronto, Vancouver, A. L. WARN8HUIS Winnipeg, and many other cities SAMUEL M. ZWEMER *** in United States and Canada.

Editorial Chat The Rev. Harold H. Kelley, of Los Angeles, has been appointed superin- The Editor and the Directors of tendent of the Seamen's Church In- THE REVIEW heartily wish our read- stitute of New York. He succeeds the ers, and missionary-minded Christians late Rev. A. R. Mansfield. everywhere, a most Joyous Christmas and blessed. New Year. The only *** reason for the existence of THE RE- VIEW is the great Advent that we com- The Rt. Rev. Derwyn T. Owen, memorate at Christmas time. Christ D.D., Bishop of Toronto, has been is also the only hope for a truly elected Primate of All Canada, suc~ Happy New Year in any heart and in ceeding the Most Rev. C. L. Worrell, any part of the world. Archbishop of Nova Scotia, who re- cently died in Halifax. *** *** The coming year will be full of problems, and of opportunities, as is Dr. Alexander Hodge, of London, a true of years that are passed. One of these problems you can help solve graduate of Spurgeon College, has if you will take the opportunity to speak a good word for THE REVIEW been installed as pastor of the Baptist and the work for which we live and labor, and will do what you can to Tabernacle, Auckland, New Zealand, increase the number of subscribers. Help us to circulate our special num- where he suceeds the late Rev. Joseph bers and to promote interest in missions by leading others to read THE W. Kemp. He is regarded as one of REVIEW. If what readers say is any criterion, both you and they will be the most promising younger Christian gratified over the result. scholars and evangelical ministers of Here is a quotation from a recent letter: the conservative British Baptists. The Auckland Tabernacle is one of the '.'We are always glad to push the strongest churches in New Zealand sale of the MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD and at our National Con- and has connected with it an excellent vention I shall be glad to have extra Bible Training School for Christian copies and call attention to them by a special poster. We always list the Workers. special numbers in our monthly magazine in connection with Mission *** Study material. We also recommend them in our monthly program. Dr. Robert R. Moton, for nineteen "It is always a pleasure to us to years principal of Tuskegee Institute, forward the interests of the REVIEW, is resigning from that important powhich we feel is indispensable to our sition. Dr. Moton is 68 years of age work." and will retire May 1, 1935. He has MRS WYTHE F. MOREHEAD, Executive Secretary, Literature been called the "Elder Statesman" of 12,000,000 American Negroes. After Committee, Woman's Mission- 25 years at Hampton Institute he was ary Society, The United Lu- theran Church in America, called to succeed Booker T. Washing- Philadelphia. Pa. ton at Tuskegee in 1916.

*** Miss Michi Kawai, author of "Jap- anese Women Speak," is filling speak- ing engagements in the Middle West and in December will be on the Pa- cific Coast. She sails for Japan about Christmas time.

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TIlliE-HONORED BURDEN-BEARERS OF PERSIAN

lIOOERN CARS AND AUTO-BUSSES SPEED UP LIFE IN TEHERAN OLD AND NEW METHODS OF TRANSPORTATION IN PERSIA

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REVIB ORLD VOLUME LVII AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER TWELVE DECEMBER, 1934 Tapies of the Times CHRISTMAS AND THE CHRISTIAN Jesus himself proclaimed that He "came into Can a Christian be uncooperative in Christian the world to save sinners." History makes clear missionary work? That many who profess to be that men of all nations have made shipwreck of Christians are not missionary minded is self-evi- their lives. They have broken God's laws and as dent. They do not even claim to be interested. a result their lives have been destined for the The same anomoly applies to Christmas. Many scrap heap. They are like automobiles that have who celebrate the coming of Christ into the world failed to fulfill the purpose of the Maker so that seem to have no real interest in the work He came they need to be remade-to be saved-if they are to do. They join in the annual celebration but that again to function properly. is all. This is true in lands where Christ is generally know'll and widely acknowledged, as well as All that Jesus did on earth was done for the in nonchristian lands. In India, China and Japan, purpose of "saving the lost"; men who had lost and even among Moslems, one sees Christmas the way in the world; had lost their contact with decorations and festivals and the exchange of God; had lost their power and purpose. To seek· gifts. But the promotion of the Christmas spirit and to save men Jesus Christ came to reveal God is too often for social and commercial reasons and to men-in the fulness of His love and power. is not based on any desire to commemorate the He came to redeem men who were slaves of sin birth of Jesus Christ. Nevertheless the prevailing and under penalty for broken laws. He came to spirit of joy, of unselfish thought of others, and a show what men are intended to be and may bedesire to spread peace and goodwill among men come in the purpose of God. He came to make of all ages and classes and races, is something to clear that life on earth is but thEt threshold of a be fostered and promoted even though it fails to larger life, the school in which to prepare us for express the heart of the Christmas message. "God eternal life with God. is love . . . . . . if we love one another, God dwells in us and His love is perfected in us." Jesus came to bring joy to men, but it is the joy that follows release from bondage, the experience But the meaning of Christmas and the heart of of full fellowship with one another and harmony the Christmas message is not revealed in the spir- with God. Jesus Christ completed His work-the it of friendly joy and good fellowship, nor in the work of revelation and redemption-but He left giving and receiving of presents that bring pleas- His followers to complete the work of making ure to the recipient and profit to the tradesman. known the "Good News" to others. The heart of the Christmas message is the "Good News" that Jesus Christ brought when He came Nineteen hundred years ago He commissioned into the world over nineteen hundred years ago. us to carry the Christmas message, the Gospel, by word and life, into all the world; and yet today at least two-thirds of mankind have no clear knowledge of this Gospel. Too often the deeds of How then can anyone truly celebrate Christmas professing Christians have shouted so loud that and at the same time fail to be vitally interested the world cannot hear what our lips testify of in Christian missions? We enjoy Christmas mu- Christ. While the Christmas spirit of giving and sic; we give Christmas presents; we join in love is expressed by gifts and songs, does ;not the Christmas festivals and listen to Christmas mes- anti-Christmas spirit prevail through the year- sages-but what are we doing to complete the the spirit of selfish getting and indifference to the work which Christ Jesus came to do and which temporal and eternal welfare of our fellowmen He has entrusted to those who believe in Him? and women?

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Christmas celebrations are a mockery unless in these sufferers and to stir up governments to they are dominated by the spirit of Christ. This make adequate provision for them and the study spirit of One who gave Himself is best expressed of their disease; (4) to promote steps to rid the by giving ourselves to His service for the redemp- world of leprosy-by prevention, segregation, the tion of our fellow men, to carry out the purpose proper care and medical treatment of lepers, and and program of Christ. Can anyone be a true through a scientific study of the disease. Christian and be lacking in missionary mindedness? Those who would truly celebrate Christmas The problem is as yet far from solved. Much and show the Christmas spirit will feel no indif- has been learned about leprosy; thousands of sufference to the needs of men and progress of Chris- ferers have been comfortably housed; good food tian missions. "Let this mind be in you which and medical treatment have lessened their sufferwas also in Christ Jesus," who, "being rich, for ing; many have been discharged as cured or the our sakes became poor that we through His pov- disease arrested. Homes for untainted children erty might become rich." of lepers have been founded and the coming gen- eration have thus been saved from contamination. THE MISSION TO LEPERS More than this, healthful occupations, have been provided; hope has been given them and thou- One of the most unique and Christ-like pieces sands, who have come to know Christ as their of mission work in the world is The Mission to Saviour, have experienced the joy of new life in Lepers which celebrated this year its diamond Him. The only happy lepers in the world live in jubilee. It was founded sixty years ago in a draw- these mission homes where the love of Christ preing room near Dublin, Ireland, by Wellesley C. vails. Bailey. Thirty-seven years later the American branch of the Mission was organized and was in- But the vast undone overshadows the work accorporated in 1920 as The American Mission to complished. The American Mission to Lepers is Lepers. Christians have long been interested in carrying a large share of the work-in China, lepers; .for centuries isolated missionaries, like Japan, Korea, Siam, the Philippines, India, Per- Father Damien and Francis of Assisi, have sia, Africa and Latin America. The British Comworked among them here and there, but never, mittee is responsible for the work in India and until Mr. Bailey had it laid upon his heart, was Burma, Palestine and Syria. It is an interdenomany systematic effort made to interest people in inational work in which the Mission builds the the whole world problem, and to minister to their hospitals and supplies funds for running expenses needs wherever these sufferers are found. while the denominational boards support their own missionary workers who superintend the hos- Wellesley Bailey was a missionary in India and pitals. The need is great. was deeply impressed with the sufferings of lepers and their neglected condition. He was convinced The reports given at the recent annual meeting that the love of Christ must constrain His follow- of the American Mission show that this Christers to seek to obey His command: "Cleanse the like work has been wonderfully blessed. Christlepers" both physically and spiritually. mas is a great time for lepers and gifts of extra food and clothing have brought joy to hundreds Sixty years ago there was very little being done under Christian care in all parts of the world. In for the 2,000,000 or more lepers of the world, cleansing the lepers, physically and spiritually, we scattered over Asia, Africa, South America and minister not only to them but to ourselves and to the Islands of the Sea. Today as an outgrowth of Christ.* Mr. Bailey's work there are some 180 leper hospitals and settlements at which lepers are cared A REMARKABLE MASS MOVEMENT for by Protestant mission workers of many denominations in forty-four countries. These mis- Dansk Missionsblad calls attention to a remarksions are helping about 11,000 (not including able movement which suddenly and unexpectedly government institutions) lepers out of the 2,000,- has created problems that may prove to be of far 000 sufferers from this disease in all lands. Mr. reaching importance. Several thousand former Bailey still lives in Great Britain at the age of Roman Catholics of the lower classes have come eighty-eight and has the rare privilege of seeing to ask for reception into the Lutheran Church. the work which he started, under the guidance of God, extending its Christlike ministry in all parts In the Trichinopoly and Tanjore there are large of the world where lepers are found. areas where the Catholic influence is so great that in some places, where there are no evangelical The fourfold purpose of the mission is (1) to Christians at all, there are thousands of Roman minister to the physical needs of lepers; (2) to Catholics. Among them the caste question seems proclaim to them the Gospel of Christ and min- to loom large, the upper classes being privileged, ister to their spiritual life ; (3) to awaken interest • Gifts may be sent to the American Mission to Lepers, Inc., Flem- Ing H. Revell, Treas., 156 Fifth Avenue, New York. Dr. William J. Scheffelin is President and William M. Danner, General Secretary.

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

having beautiful churches and other advantages State interference. The Socialistic state believes setting them above the lower castes. Great oppo- in a totalitarian State with the State dominant sition has made itself felt among the lower castes, and no interference by the Church in politics, edu- especially under the influence of the Self-respect cation or business. Formerly in Roman Catholic Movement which has been stirring up the people and Moslem countries it was a question of liberty with promises of social equality and similar ad- or the dictatorship of the Church; today in many vantages. Under the agitations of agents three lands the conflict is between liberty and State dic- year:s ago many thousands of people left the Ro- tatorship. In Mexico any property used for edu- man Church without seeking affiliation with any cational purposes reverts to the State. It is ru- other. Their hopes were far from being realized mored that all Roman Catholic churches may be and since the Indian soul is essentially religious, closed as a result of the present dispute. Under and these people have lost confidence in the Ro- the Mexican constitution any Mexican receiving man Church they are turning in great numbers to appointment or commission from a foreign power the Lutherans. In a meeting which was said to (and the Pope is such) loses his nationality-and represent 30,000 people, they resolved formally to therefore priests of Rome, engaged in propaganda, turn to the great Tamil Church and the Leipzig are subject to expUlsion.

Mission which stands back of it. We cannot ignore the fact that the .Roman A commission, composed of Missionaries Fryk- Catholic Church, which was dominant in Mexico holm and Wangsjo of the Swedish Mission and for so many years, failed to educate or uplift the Dr. Grafe from the old Leipzig Mission, traveled people economically or socially. After four hun- all over the affected area and their report of the dred years of the monoply of education, 85% of investigations was recently published in Svenska the people were in dire poverty. In the fourteen Kyrkans Missionstidning. The commission was years since the State has taken over responsibility everywhere received in large gatherings and with for education, illiteracy has reduced to 35% and much ceremony. Their Indian speakers expressed economic and social conditions have been greatly their intentions of joining the Lutheran Church improved. The question now is-To what will and assured the commission that the spiritual the people be educated? Will they use their knowl- urge was the most important motive. They em- edge for the benefit of the whole country and will phasized the fact that great difficulties would at- there be liberty to worship God and to teach the tend their return to the Roman Church and that rising generation to know, to worship and to serve they expected no material benefits from joining Him. The Protestants of Mexico do not object to the Lutherans. the State control of education, provided that the While some of the motives do not seem entirely State does not prohibit or limit religious education clear and in several meetings representatives of and the worship of God as He is revealed in Jesus the Self-respect Movement seemed to be among Christ.

the prominent speakers, the commission was per- suaded that the movement deserves earnest con- PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL PROGRESS sideration.-C. Theodore Benze. This body of evangelical Christians, that has CHURCH AND STATE IN MEXICO recently held its General Convention in Atlantic City (October 10 to 20), voted to retain the name Now the Chamber of Deputies, the lower house Protestant. Thus they continue to link them- of the Mexican Government, has unanimously selves with those who have "protested" against voted to deport all Roman Catholic bishops and the abuses of the Papacy, while they continue also archbishops from Mexico on the ground that they to claim that they have always been truly "Cath- have engaged in subversive propaganda. This ac- olic."

tion is in line with the policy to exclude religious The convention in the great auditorium some- teaching from all schools so that the Government times numbered over 30,000 people including over can have full control of the education of the peo- one hUlidred bishops and a choir of nearly one ple. The archbishops and bishops are fighting thousand voices. The convention was dramatic against communistic or socialistic teaching l;tnd and even sensational at many points. On October thus the Church is considered an enemy of the 14th there was a "youth demonstration" when a State, which is endeavoring to control the press, seemingly endless line of hundreds of young peo- the schools, the industries, and the government. ple from six to sixteen years of age from all over The Roman Catholic Church believes in a union of the land, filed into the hall and listened to a stir- Church and State, with the Church dominant. ring address by Bishop James E. Freeman, of Protestants believe in the separation of Church Washington.

and State with the Church free to promote the re- The formal presentation of the United Thank ligious and spiritual life of the people without Offering, contributed by the women during the

past three years, was taken up by 150 members State, the new Reich Church proposes to provide of the Girls' Friendly Society at the corporate Nazidom with an alliance of Christianity with communion service of the women. The total Nationalism and Socialism on a cooperative basis.

amount of the offering was announced as $807,- This has led to the clash between "German Chris- 747.87. tians" and the conservative Evangelical Chris- At a joint session of bishops and deputies, the tians.

Presiding Bishop emphasized the fact that mis- Roman Catholics have been invited to join the sionary work is the chief business of the church, new Reich Church, but they have refused to let saying: their Church be used to further the ends of the "Weare here as Christian men and women to Nazi State. Some Protestants, on the other hand, perform the chief work which Jesus Christ has have cooperated with the State. The present con- committed to us. The whole membership of the flict is between German Christians who approve, church is embraced in the Domestic and Foreign and those who oppose this surrender.

Missionary Society. Tlle foundation stone of In spite of official optimism, the experiment with faith is loyalty of the individual to His Lord. the Church is not showing signs of a successful "Missionary work is the work of carrying out result. Some think that under the Reichsbishop the mission of our Lord Jesus Christ to the world. the Protestant Churches would eventually become This work is seriously hampered and endangered Free Churches, as in America, while others pre- by lack of support. Vacancies in the field cannot dict a more complete domination of the Church by be filled; volunteers for service must be turned the State. The situation may grow worse before away and work on the mission field must be a final settlement is reached.

closed." Current national problems affect all religious as This is true both at home and abroad. America well as political thinking and give color to the must not be allowed to become pagan. There is idea that "Germany needs her own type of Chris- need for vision, for courage and for self-sacrifice tianity." The widespread enlistment of the youth, in loyalty to Christ. A deficit of $529,804 was the unemployed, and the able-bodied men and reported in the missionary treasury. At the mis- women in the regimented political organizations sionary mass meeting, a young man knelt at the of the Nazi Party tend to popularize the slogan, altar and then made an inspiring appeal for a "One People, One Nation, One Church."

truly sacrificial offering. Only $5,000 had been The enthusiasm that has marked the political received from over 25,000 people. He pleaded that revival under Adolph Hitler was brought into the those who really cared would reach into their church by men who have banded themselves to- pockets and bring a ten-dollar bill or whatever gether and, according to Hitler's wish, called them- they could to the steps of the altar and lay it there selves 'German Christians.''' These men, led by with a prayer for the mission of the church. He Hossenfelder and Ludwig Mueller, a former naval led the way to the steps and, kneeling there alone, chaplain, resolved to reorganize the "church of placed the first offering. There was a breathless the people." From the start there was no clear moment of surprise, and then the Holy Spirit distinction between religion and politics.

moved that great gathering and they began to It is too early to judge the controversy object. come forward-at first by twos and threes, and ively. There will be a fight to the finish unless a then by hundreds and thousands until the mis- great Reformer appears to bring unity out of the sionary bishops had to act as ushers to guide the present division. The press is muzzled and men vast crowds. There were tears in many eyes, as learn little of what is going on; they see effects men and women old and young, bishops, priests without knowing their cause. The bad effects of the and laity, surged forward and placed $7,916 more struggle have cast a blighting shadow on the spiron the altar. itual health of the nation. The removal of 800 * GERMAN PROTESTANTS PROTEST clergy from office by the Reichsbishop belies the claim of liberty of conscience or of speech. The Protestantism in Germany is in a crucial state dissolution of the Protestant youth organizations in a great experiment. The Hitler Government and their merging into the Hitler Youth deprives has attempted to merge Lutheran, Reformed and the Church of its former influence on the younger Prussian Unionist churches into a new National generation. Nazi thought welcomes the help of the German Church. Protestants the world over have Church but does not protect it from the aggressive been anxiously waiting to see what will happen. so-called new heathenism and its unchristian standards of morality. The Aryan paragraph pro- Organized on the same principle of leadership motes racial discrimination and thwarts the uni- -the "Fuehrerprinzip"-that underlies the Nazi versality of the Gospel.

* This account of conditions In Germany Is written by a Lutheran C. THEODORE BACHMANN.

theological student w'ho spent the past summer In Germany.

PERSIAN PULLMAN CARS). ONE ON EACH SIDE OF A CAMEL ACCOMMODATES A WOMAN AND

Ancient Persia Goes Modern By H. A. LICHTWARDT, M.D.

American Hospital, Hamadan, Persia PERSIA, to many people, is just a word that itation, and had some fine sculptors, wonderful brings up visions of camel caravans winding artists and brilliant painters. their way along endless desert trails; of sweet-throated nightingales singing their beauti- Various factors entered into the decadence of ful songs in the deep-scented rose gardens; of this fine old civilization, causing Persia to lose veiled women and bearded men walking through her position of leadership. First there was milinarrow, winding village streets; of the quatrains tary invasion; the Grecian troops under Alexanof Omar Khayum as they have been so admirably der the Great swept from one end of the country translated by Fitzgerald. to another, robbing, pillaging, destroying, burn- ing, as was the custom of invading armies in those But Persia is more than that; Persia is a nation days. Gengis Khan and Tamerlane and their of fifteen million Aryan men and women striving hordes came down from the north, even more deto awaken from a lethargy of many centuries; structive and cruel. Arthur Upham Pope writing struggling to emerge from a political, economic of these latter invasions, says: and religious morass that has engulfed them for This dreadful succession swept over the country like a centuries. The Persians are a very intelligent bloody foam, leaving the fairest cities a wilderness of rub- People, capable and industrious " and are J'ust now throwing aside the heavy blanket of superstition, bish and rotting corpses. Their speed, their fury and their ignorance and illiteracy, and are stepping forth mastery of every branch of warfare, made resistance not into the light of the new day with political free- only futile but impossible. Their mark was a series of massacres and devastations, which not only destroyed dom, religious liberty and economic independence. every kind of public monument with invaluable contents, Persia was once one of the greatest nations of works of art and books, but blotted out whole cities. The destruction of human life was equally appalling; the acthe ancient world. Twenty-five hundred years cumulated knowledge and traditions of ages were obliter- ated. (Pope; Persian Art. Page 31.) ago, that progressive empire, under Cyrus, Darius Famine and flood have also played their part and Xerxes, was the most highly civilized, the through the centuries, as well as earthquake and most modern on earth. Today excavations at Per- epidemic, but in my opinion the most destructive sepolis and Damghan and Rhey are bringing new influence of all has been the invasion of Islam. evidences of the wonderful culture of that period, Forced upon an unwilling people, this philosophy showing us that they were great builders, fine of the prophet Mohammed, distorted at times by architects, had knowledge of engineering and san- his successors, was of a type that did not encour- [551 ]

age education, research or progress of any kind. ing about him men of real ability, his majesty The result was a mental stagnation of brilliant has succeeded in awakening a spirit of construcminds; a pathetic lethargy settled upon a capable tive nationalism such as Persia has never known nation. During these years too Persia was often before. Formerly the government was greatly inunfortunate in her type of leadership; she had fluenced, and at times actually controlled, by the some splendid men, such as Shah Abbas, who was Moslem ecclesiastics, the mullahs, of whom a few contemporary with Queen Elizabeth of England, were capable honest men, but many of whom were selfish, narrow fanatics. This is now changed, ANCIENT GRANDEUR~EXCAVATED RUINS OF PERSIPOLIS and although Persia is still officially a Mohamme- dan country, the mullahs are only the clergy, and and who earnestly tried to improve the condition have no voice in the central government. There of his people. is religious liberty in Persia today, although the government's interpretation of what this means When we went out to Persia in 1919, the coun- is not as broad or liberal as we should like. try was being ruled by a boy-king, Sultan Ahmet Shah, a selfish, sensual lad, surrounded by even Two decades ago, only one boy out of a hundred more selfish advisors. The central government had a chance for education, and only one girl out was weak, taxes were high, education was at a of ten thousand. Education in those days was standstill, industries were most primitive, and most primitive, with the exception of a few govthe lot of the peasant and laboring man was in- ernment schools and some well-organized mission deed difficult. This young Shah had no patriotic schools in the larger cities. Under this new Shah, motives, no desire to improve the condition of his Persia has had an educational awakening and the people, but merely strove to gather riches for him- leaders, at least, are becoming school-conscious. self; spending his life in luxurious indolence The Department of Education has been re-organeither in his capital city, Teheran, or in Paris. ized and the present head of that department is a The most constructive thing he ever did for Per- splendid Persian, a graduate of the American sia was when he finally went to Paris and re- Mission College in Teheran. New schools are bemained there until he died a few years ago, leaving ing opened even in the smaller cities-schools for an estate of several million dollars, squeezed out girls as well as for boys. The mission schools are of starving farmers and poverty-stricken working people. THE GATEIWAY TO TEHERAN–THE CIAPITAL CITY A new leader, however, was being developed in still maintaining their leadership and are present- Persia. A young man, born of an ordinary family ing a fine program of modern Christian education, in Mazenderan, who as a lad had no opportunity and are reaching hundreds of the finest of the for education, entered the Persian army as a pri- young men and young women of Persia. vate soldier. With no wealth nor influence, but by sheer force of character and ability for leader- In accordance with the government edict severship, he won his way gradually up through the al years ago there are no primary schools con:. ranks, until he became the commander-in-chief of trolled by the missions; however in some centers, all of the troops of Persia. He then became the such as Hamadan, the local Christian group has minister of war, then the prime minister, and assumed charge of the primary school, which is finally in the spring of 1926, he was crowned the real progress. The high schools and colleges in king of kings, the Shah of all Persia. In the eight charge of the missions, in various parts of the years that His Majesty, Riza Khan Pahlevi, has country, are exerting an immeasurable influence in been the ruler of Iran there has been more real progress, more constructive changes in Persia than in the previous eight hundred years.

Inspiring patriotism in his people, and gather-

ANCIENT PERSIA GOES MODERN

PERSIAN DEI.EGA.TES TO A STUDENT CHRISTIAN CONFERENCE, TEHERAN, 1933 Of these delegates, nineteen are from Moslem parentage. Others include Armenians, Assyrians, Jews, Greeks and Americans.

the spread of Christian ideals, as well as in the and textbooks. Post mortem examinations are al- presentation of modern pedagogy. so forbidden, which of course retards medical The new leaders of Persia realize that in addi- progress considerably.

tion to agriculture and the raising of sheep, there Since 1919 we have been working up at Meshed, must be industries developed to take care of the in the northeastern corner of Persia, 100 miles needs of the people; and in the past few years south of the Russian border, and 120 miles west mills have been established that weave a good of the borders of Afghanistan. Our little hospital grade of cloth; other factories make soap, thread, there (The American Christian Hospital) is the shoes, and many other items that formerly had to only one equipped with X-ray and modern surgi- be imported. The government is exerting a wise, cal equipment in that entire province of two mil- paternal control over these various industries to lion people. The Persians however are building avoid duplication and unwise competition. new hospitals gradually, and in Meshed itself, a As a physician, the thing that appalled me most large 300 bed general hospital is in the process of when we first went to Persia, was the great construction. But, even as in America, the physi- amount of disease; sickness, suffering, misery, cians tend to congregate in the larger cities, and death and so little being done to alleviate condi- as one travels through the villages, and up in the tions or improve them. Those who live in Amer- hills, one realizes the tremendous amount of suf- ica, where there are so many fine hospitals, fering and disease. Hundreds throng about the splendid clinics and excellent doctors cannot imag- doctor begging for relief; timid mothers holding ine conditions in a land like Persia with inade- up emaciated babies that have been hopelessly quate medical facilities, and a general lack of blinded by smallpox; young men prematurely knowledge of hygiene, sanitation or even ordinary aged by pulmonary tuberculosis, come in cough- cleanliness. In America today there is one doctor ing, coughing, spitting blood, and ask for medicine for every 780 people; in Persia there is only one to relieve the tightness of their chest: others come well-trained physician to every 100,000 people. holding out crippled hands or feet, covered with The only place in Persia where the young man sores, wounds, ulcers, open to the dust and dirt, may study medicine is in the Imperial Medical sometimes literally black with flies, sometimes School at Teheran, an institution which is gradu- white with maggots, occasionally covered with a a ally improving, but which is still far from what green leaf or a piece of paper, but no clean gauze would be considered class "A" medical school. or dressings such as we are accustomed to. Doz- As Persia is a Mohammedan country, the human ens come, shielding their eyes from the glare of body after death is considered very sacred, and the sun and the desert, and beg for eye-drops to thus the medical students in their study of anat- relieve this constant burning from trachoma or omy are not allowed to dissect the cadaver, but conjunctivitis; so much blindness everywhere, must endeavor to learn the subject from charts little children, old men, young women; blindness

not only from smallpox, but from gonorrhea, and filthy drinking water. Recently when cholera from trachoma and its various complications. threatened from an adjoining country, a vigorous Pale, anemic women, shivering, shivering with the quarantine was established. Free clinics are bechills of malaria, petition for some health-giving ing opened in various centers, and more-or-Iess quinine; crippled deformed lepers hold up their qualified public health doctors are being stationed fingerless hands and ask for some cure for their throughout the country. Medical practice laws disease. are being revised and strengthened to abolish quacks and charlatans, and there is a general im- It is all so pathetic and so unnecessary, for most provement in sanitary conditions, although there of Persia (except regions near the Caspian and is still so much to be done. In the capital city, Teheran, with its 310,000 inhabitants, although MODERN EDUOATION IN THE AMERIC'AN COLLEGE, TEHERAN there are many beautiful wide avenues, and large public buildings, there is no piped water system, down near the Gulf) is very healthy, as far as no proper sewage system, and much disease. climate is concerned; a high, dry plateau with little rainfall and an abundance of life-giving, One of the most hopeful things is that the edugerm-destroying sunshine. Most of the disease is cated Persians themselves are beginning to realpreventable, if only the folks would know how to ize the need of improvement of conditions and live, how to take care of themselves, and if ade- their own newspapers are full of editorials conquate medical facilities were available. We found, demning destructive practices and are suggesting, and even demanding, reforms. In the July 4th in 1920, that 85 % of the little children were dying issue of the Shafagh Sorgh, one of Teheran's larg- est papers, we find an editorial discussing the under the age of five; conditions are gradually question of why the population of Persia is deimproving and our last figures show that only creasing. The writer says that it is not that the young men are not marrying for they do, and 60 % are dying before that age. But even 60 % some get more than one wife. He continues: is much too high. Can you imagine the morbidity, MODERN ME[)ICAL CARE FOR CH~LDREN IN THE the needless suffering, the pain, the agony, the AMERIC'AN HOSPITAL distress, the misery? These conditions are due sometimes to ignorance, sometimes to over crowd- Moreover it is much better that this number do not ing, sometimes to superstition. Much of the in- marry, and not pollute the blood of the next generation fant mortality was due to the Mohammedan cus- with syphilis germs …… A few months ago I was visittom of child marriage; little girls of 9, 10 and 11 ing some of the southern cities …… I saw fathers who being given in marriage to men much older. These during 20 years have had 15 or 16 children, and have girls became mothers at 14 or 15 and know noth- buried all of them, one after another…… I saw quite ing of the care or feeding of infants. The new big villages or towns whose whole population is overtaken Persian Government has passed stringent laws, with malaria, ~hile the crops were left in the fields and forbidding this child marriage, and is enforcing there was nobody to take care of them. One passes them, indicative of their new attitude towards through hundreds of villages and towns without seeing a progress, and towards the general improvement single physician …… In some larger towns one physician of conditions for the Persian people. who has been sent by the government can be seen and this one was a fortune-teller. He diagnoses syphilis as sore The Public Health Department of Persia has throat and treats it in such a way that there is little ·hope been re-organized and improved; smallpox vac- of living. If someone has appendicitis they think it is a cination is being offered in the cities and villages, mere stomachache and in a short time will kill the paand in some places is being required before chil- tient. . . . .. (Shu/ugh Sorgh, July 4, 1934.) dren are admitted to school. Typhoid innoculations are available although few use them, and there is still a great mortality from typhoid, dysentery and various diarrheas spread through

However I am not pessimistic about Persia, for fluence. Commencing a century ago, in western when one considers the obstacles to be overcome, Persia, the modern Christian church has gradual- marvellous progress has been, and is being made. ly spread eastward, until today groups of believ- Superstition must be combatted, lethargy must be ers are found as far east as Khorassan on the destroyed, illiteracy must be removed, ignorance Afghan border, in all the larger cities both in the must be eradicated, immorality must be wiped north and south, and even in some of the smaller out; and all tlIe~e things require patience, wis- towns. Through the Christian schools and Chris- dom, energy and leadership. tian hospitals, as well as through the direct evan- Ancient Persia is going modern; new roads are· gelistic work, carried on by American and British being built, schools are being opened, industries are being developed, disease is being slowly com~ batted. In my opinion, what Persia needs today is not primarily a new civilization, with its new education, its new sanitation its new transporta- tion, as fine as all these things may be. What Persia needs today is a new salvation. The old philosophy of Islam has been weighed in the bal- ances of time and experience and has been found wanting. Persia today is drifting, and in what direction?

Sir Arnold Wilson in his new book on Persia, says: "The present tendency amongst educated Persians is towards a somewhat unenlightened materialism. They have thrown off the shackles of Islam, and have as yet found nothing to take its place; a rigid determinism underlies much of the popular expressions of thought."* DR. LICHTWARDT AND HIS SUNDAY; SCHOOL We who have been working in Iran, as real CLASS OF PEJllSIANS friends of Persia, feel that in the teachings of the missionaries and by the Persian Christians as Christ, there is a genuine philosophy, a workable well, this Gospel of hope is now being spread plan, a real salvation, which can and should take through the entire land. The workers are all to the place of Islam, which has not proven satisfac- few for the field is so large, and there is so much tory. Some of the young men of Persia are drift- to do, but backed by the intercessory prayers of ing into atheism, some into agnosticism, some into Christians throughout the world, we feel that the Communism, but more into Bahai-ism, which is Church of the Christ is the real hope of this new an offshot of Islam, an easy type of universalism, Persia.

that would appeal to a discontented type of shal- Not only does Persia need Christ, but the whole low mind. world needs Him. With so much strife, discon- The Church of Christ in Persia is growing, year tent, bloodshed, lust, hatred, violence, uncertainty by year, in numbers as well as in strength and in- and doubt, the hope of the world today is in the • Sir Arnold Wilson, Persia, page 184; Scribner, 1932. loving, sacrificial saving Christ, and in Him alone.

EXPERIENCE AND EXPRESSION The Wesleyan Movement made two great contributions to the world. One was the fact that the whole movement was founded up'on an inner experience of God which transformed and lighted up the whole of life. All else was secondary to this one central thing-a radiant experience of God. The chief business of the Christian Church is to produce the moral and spiritual miracle of conversion. When it has lost power to do this, the Church has lost its right to live. God has raised us up for the perpetuating of this miracle. Confused and paralyzed men need this today as never before.

The second great contribution of Wesley was his conception: "The world is my parish." There was to be no territorial or racial limitations to the redemption movement.

These two things stand together. One is the experience and the other is the expression. The experience goes to the depths of the individual's need and extends to the need of the earth's last man. Cool either one, and you kill both. We must hold to this vision and reaffirm that the world is still our parish. Put within that word "world" a deeper content than geographical extent-the world of economic relationships and the world of race and international relationships must be our parish. Christ must conquer it all.- E. STANLEY JONES.

A Brahman Becomes a Christian By the REV. H. G. HOWARD, Kodoli, India • Missionary .of the Presbyterian Church. U. S. A.

I N SOME sections of India where there have been mass movements among the outcastes there are now considerable numbers of middle caste aod high caste Hindus becoming Christians. In our part of India there has been as yet no such movement among the middle castes, though we think there are so many Marathas who are convinced of the truth of Christianity that if a few will take the lead in accepting Christ and enduring what persecution may result, many others will follow them.

A few months ago a young man, a Brahman doctor, trained in the Miraj Medical School, accepted baptism after having his heart filled with devotion to the Lord Jesus. Before being bap- tized he visited his home in South India to tell his brother and other relatives why he was taking this step and to try to persuade them, too, to accept the Saviour.

Last May I spent a week in Mahabaleshwar, where the language school for new missionaries is held. On the way there a Hindu sitting near me in the bus asked me where I was going. When I replied he said, "You will see Harshe pandit there; he has become a Christian." I answered, "I have known Mr. Harshe for many years; he is a Poona Brahman. How do you know that he has become a Christian?" "I read it," he replied, "in the newspaper."

On my arrival there I learned that Mr. Ha~she had been baptized on the preceding Saturday. As the service had been announced beforehand it was no secret and Mr. Harshe received many let- ters from people who urged him not to become a Christian. A delegation of Brahmans from Poona went to try to persuade him not to be baptized. When they found out that he was taking the step because of his personal convictions, they said that they would no longer try to dissuade him. An Indian queen wrote him that she supposed he was becoming a Christian because he was probably loaded down with debt, in which case she would give him Rs. 3000 to help him pay his debts and to keep him from being baptized. He replied that he was not in need of money, but it was because of his faith in the Lord Jesus that he was accepting baptism. She then wrote him to go ahead and be baptized. Mr. Harshe said that he could find beautiful passages in the Hindu sacred books, but he could not find in the Hindu books the power he had found in Christ and it was because of his having experienced the power of Christ that he was publicly accepting Him.

Especially interesting in connection with his baptism is the fact that his family did not disown him. His two sons, young men 21 or 22 year~ old, published a letter in the newspapers stating that they were still Hindus, but that they loved thelt father and would not disown him, in fact they hon- ored him more than before because of his acting in accordance with his convictions. Mr. Gandhi wrote them: "I congratulate you on your attitude toward your father. If you find in Hinduism the peace you need, it is your duty to remain Hindus in spite of your father's change of religion." The sons are seriously considering their duty in the matter; they wish, if they become Christians, to do so because of their own personal convictions, not because their father has become a Christian.

When the family returned to Poona in June the father was wondering whether his landlord would let him come back into his house, in the midst of Brahman neighbors. The landlord, how- ever, when he met him, embraced him and said, "You have been my friend all these years; you are still my friend." Many neighbors have asked for Bibles or New Testaments as they say they want to find out what it is in these books that has attracted Mr. Harshe. His sons say they had to get quite a supply of Bibles and New Testaments to give to their inquiring neighbors.

Pray that Mr. Harshe may be strengthened in his faith in the Lord Jesus, that he may have the joy of seeing his wife and two sons and daughter accept the Saviour, and that they may be used to lead others openly to confess the Lord Jesus.

From a letter dated September 10, 1934.

Present–Day Shinto in

By the REV. ALBERTUS PIETERS, D.D., Holland, Michigan Formerly Missionary of the Reformed Church in America; Now Professor of Bible and Missions in Western Theological Seminary THERE is at present one pagan empire in the require us to render it "gods," not god, for in all world-one only-the Empire of Japan. By historic time the Japanese have been, as they are a pagan empire we mean one that, on the one now, a polytheistic people. They have "gods many hand by the prevailing faith and worship of its and lords many." If you ask them how many, the population, and on the other hand by the formal conventional answer is: "Yao yorodzu no kami" profession and determination of its government, -800 times 10,000 gods. This is not to be underis committed to that form of religion that we call stood as an accurate census return of the divine paganism; which is primitive nature worship, population, but rather as a round number for an spirit worship, and hero or ancestor worship, un- uncounted multitude.

modified by philosophic thinking. The first chapter of the Epistle of Paul to the Anciently, the whole world, with the exception Romans contains an accurate description of the of the commonwealth of Israel, was pagan in this paganism of Japan. Sketched from life, as he saw sense, and practically every organized government the worship of the Roman Empire all about him, was pagan; irreligious governments being un- no change is required to make it applicable to that known in ancient times. Today it is not so. There of Japan today; from which we learn that, in its are still pagans enough in many lands, notably in essential principles and results, paganism is as China, India, Africa, and the islands of the sea; unchangeable as Christianity. Its root idea, but, with one exception, there are no "pagan" gov- everywhere and always, is the deification of the ernments. Africa and the South Seas have only creature.

unorganized races, or simple tribal governments, This creature worship takes various forms. In with scarcely a kingdom worthy of the name; one form it is the direct worship of the natural India is under a Christian sovereign, and the lead- object itself: the sun, the moon, mountains, rivers, ing general of the Repul1lic of China is a Chris- trees, animals, and insects. All these are wortian. It is thus Japan-Japan alone-that stands shipped in Japan. The Japanese have coined a forth in the 20th century as a survival of this proverb, half serious, half facetious: Aka iwashi ancient state of things. From the standpoint of no atama de mo shinjirlr-"even the head of a dried religion and missions this is a most interesting sardine may be a god." fact. At the same time Japan is a strong, virile, In a little higher form it is worship of the spirit expanding, military nation, the destiny of which, that resides in a natural object, or is symbolized whether for peace or war, is intimately linked to by it. Scholars call this "animism." Japan is full that of the United States. It is therefore impor- of it. People worship the "kami" of the mountain tant for us to know what the paganism of Japan or river. Although generally to be rendered is, and how this paganism is likely to influence its "god," the word "kami" in such connections means spirit, its attitude, and its actions. the spirit of the mountain rather than its god.

The paganism of Japan goes by the name of In still another form there is personification of Shinto, legitimately anglicised into Shintoism. the natural force or object; and the imaginary This is a compound word, being the Chinese read- person thus produced becomes, to the common peoing of two characters that stand for two Japanese pIe, a real historic individual, although the fact words; "kami"-god, or gods, and "michi"-way, that it is a personification only, remains clear or path: therefore also doctrine. It means, there- enough to any ,student. Thus we have the supreme fore, the way, or doctrine, about the gods. It does divinity of Japan, named Ama Terasu-"She Who not mean the doctrine that comes from God, or the Shines in the Sky"-plainly enough the Sun gods, for Shinto does not profess to originate in Goddess. Her shrine at Ise is the Mecca of Japan, any divine revelation. Although the word "kami" and in the mythology she is the ancestress of the in itself is neither singular nor plural, the facts Emperor, through her grandson, whom she sent [ 557]

down from heaven to rule the world. So nature cruder forms of Shinto, such as find expression in worship passes over into hero worship, ancestor these "ungraded and village shrines." Hence the worship, and emperor worship. decrease in the number of such shrines, both abso- lutely and in proportion to the population. Hence, Paganism, as briefly described above, consisting also, the very dilapidated and neglected condition of primitive nature, spirit, and hero worship, has of many that remain. Besides that, there are arisbeen since the dawn of history, and is today, the ing new forms of Shinto, organized in better harfaith of the masses of Japan. That Buddhism is mony with modern social conditions, and the Govalso largely prevalent, is not inconsistent with this ernment, for its own purposes, is providing larger statement, for most Buddhists are Shintoists at and more popular shrines. the same time. Now, since Japan, for fifty years or more, has been in touch with all modern devel- New Forms of SlrirlIto opments, has enjoyed the privileges of modern education, and has been the field of zealous Chris- The new forms of Shinto are a most interesting tian propaganda by missionaries and Japanese study. Many of them, in terminology and form of preachers, it is an interesting and important ques- organization, are very plainly imitations of Christion how far all this has had an effect. Is modern tian churches. This appears, first of all, in the Shinto losing its hold, and is it in any way differ- fact that they are not community affairs, but are ent from ancient Shinto? groups with voluntary individual membership. lIn its primary form, Shinto, like the ancient pa- Modern Shinto ganism of Greece and Rome, is a community in- terest. The temple is the village temple, main- One can point out certain effects of these mod- tained at village expense, and everybody belongs ern influences, partly in the outward manifesta- to it, merely by virtue of the fact that one resides tions of this ancient paganism, partly in its inner in the village. There is no group of which the life. Outwardly, one of the first results of Japan's individual is a member on account of his own faith contact with the Western world was the abolition or by his own choice. With the new forms of of all public phallic worship, that is, the worship Shinto, however, the case is different. They have of the sex organs. In the past, this logical develop- their membership lists, and a person may join, or ment of nature worship has been almost universal refuse to join, or withdraw after he has joined; in aH pagan countries. Japan was no exception, and therefore his membership is an expression of and when the missionaries began their work in his personal faith in certain doctrines. that country, this worship was carried on openly, in very indecent forms. It was abolished by the There are thirteen sects, or "churches" of this Government out of regard for the feeling of de- kind officially recognized and licensed as Shinto cency of the world at large; and is not now known sects, and their total membership foots up to the in Japan except in some out-of-the-way country impressive total of more than seventeen millions. places where it may still be found if sought for. Beside this, there are others, like Oh Moto Kyo, that carryon a vigorous propaganda, without Statistics of shrines seem to indicate another having, as yet, been officially licensed. The smallnoteworthy change. There are in Japan Shinto est sect, "Misogi Kyo,"-the Religion of Lustrashrines maintained at the expense of the nation tion, is credited with 307,000 members, and the or of provincial governments, for religio-political largest, "Tenri Kyo,"-the Religion of the Heavpurposes, of which we shall speak presently; many enly Reason, with nearly four millions. Brief others are maintained by the people voluntarily as notes on some of these new religions will give the the spontaneous expression of their religious feel- reader an idea of this modern development of ings. These latter are called "village and un- Shinto. graded shrines." From the official figures given in the "Japanese Year Book" for 1924, we learn TENRI Kyo is the most prominent. Besides its that there were at that time 111,181 such shrines, work in Japan, it carries on missionary work and from the same annual statistical publication abroad, having, at least some years ago, a mission for 1934, that there are now only 107,134, a de- station in London. It issues some literature in the crease in ten years of 4,149, or 415 a year. The English language, the latest publication of this proportional decrease is considerably greater, kind being a fine volume of 319 pages, in which since the population of Japan grows at the rate may be found-all that the authorities of the sect of more than half a million each year. It is clear wish the English reading public to know about that something is happening. Either the people their history and doctrines. The new religion are losing faith in their gods, or their faith is find- originated with a very devout woman, Mrs. Miki ing expression in other ways, or both. Nakayama, who was born April 18, 1798, and died on January 26, 1887. In the year 1838 she Probably both causes are responsible for this began to have certain experiences that caused her change. There is a weakening of faith in the

PRESENT-DAY SHINTO IN JAPAN

to think that ten gods, expressed by name, had of Japan, they say, are the model upon which the taken up their abode in her and wished to speak rest of the world was molded, and the superiority through her. These ten divinities are called col- of the Japanese, they teach, is seen in many ways, lectively, The God of the Heavenly Reason, and the but particularly in their hair, which is an instruclaim is even put forward that Tenrikyo is a mono- ment of divine inspiration. Hence devout Oh theistic faith. After the death of Mrs. Nakayama, Moto Kyo believers wear their hair long, for the divine revelations continued through her youngest longer the hair the better the divine influence can daughter, and a follower named Iburi, but these penetrate. It is the supreme misison, they say, had to do mostly with the organization and man- of the Japanese nation to govern the entire world, agement of the church. They ceased altogether bringing all nations into sUbjection to the Emin 1907. peror, who alone is a legitimate ruler, the vice- gerent of heaven upon earth. This sect has offices As now taught, Tenri Kyo is distinctly an eclec- in Paris, and even in Sao Paulo, Brazil. tic religion. Its theology is Shinto. The "eight million gods" are not denied, but practically wor- These two are given as samples of the new forms ship is confined to the ten that took up their abode which ancient Shinto is taking. There are many in the prophetess. Its ethics and its conception of more. All of them make much use of faith healing, the moral state of man, are from Confucius. Its and can produce as many and as striking instances view of the state after death is taken from Bud- of such healing as Christian Science in our own dhism, but with an important modification. Tenri country. Thus the decline in the number of "vil- Kyo accepts transmigration, but not into lower lage and ungraded shrines" is partly counterbalforms of insect or animal life. The soul is re- anced by the growth of these "churches." born, but always in another human body. In its emphasis on faith and love, its organization, and The most important influence in this field is, in much of its popular preaching, it is so nearly no doubt, the attitude of the government. The Christian that many Tenri Kyo exhortations can statesmen of Japan, fearing the disintegrating scarcely be distinguished from Christian sermons. effects of modern civilization, and eager at all Thus the various elements in Tenri Kyo are seen costs to rally the people around the Imperial to be simply those elements from other systems throne, found in Shinto an instrument ready to that have come to be the common intellectual and their hands. With more emphasis than had ever moral property of the common people of Japan. been known in Japan before, they taught the di- They are items of religious faith and feeling that vine nature of the Emperor and the divine basis pass as current coin, and no one asks where they of his authority. They did this so strongly, and were minted. It is not difficult for the ordi- with so little regard for the facts of history, that nary Japanese to become a Tenri Kyo believer. Its Prof. Basil Hall Chamberlin, an outstanding audoctrines are what he has always believed, and thority on all things Japanese, charges them with what seems to him reasonable. Of course it is the invention of a new religion. It is not really nationalistic, intensely so, as the following quo- new in content, but it is in emphasis. tation from one of the Tenri Kyo magazines will illustrate: This new form of Shinto is designated "Em- peror Worship." It has no separate shrines or Japan is the parent nation of the world. It is the source ceremonies, but attaches itself to the established whence the salvation of all nations proceeds. He who is Shinto worship. In many respects it closely rehostile to this nation opposes the will of God. (From the sembles the emperor worship of ancient Rome. "Michi no Torno," Sept., 1914.) As there, so in Japan, the basis is found in ancient faith and feeling, modified for political purposes. This fanatical nationalism finds perhaps its ex- Japan is a modern nation in most respects, but treme expression in OH MOTO Kyo-The Religion not so in religion. So far from belonging reliof the Great Origin-the origin, that is, of the giously to the 20th century, she is not even medire- Japanese Empire and people. This is definitely val. There is no parallel to her religious state an attempt to carry the faith of the people back closer than the state of Rome in the first three cento the ancient gods. It began with the incoherent turies of the Christian era. Dr. Robert E. Speer babblings and scribblings of an ignorant, and per- is reported to have said: "Think of Japan in terms haps demented woman who thought herself in- of ancient Rome." That is a correct summary of spired by one of the gods, and it has grown into her religious condition. a very considerable sect, claiming a million adherents.. In religious and moral content it is The rulers of Japan, in promoting Emperor perhaps the pObrest of all the modern varieties Worship, are not so much interested in religion as of Shinto, but it has certain very attractive mag- in finding a firm basis for the Imperial authority. ical or mesmeric practices. It claims for Japan If it were not for that necessity, they would cheerthe headship of the entire world. Even the islands fully dispense with Shinto, in which they probably believe as little as other intelligent men; but since

faith in the divine nature and descent of His Im- popular. The Christians, of course, object, and so perial Majesty cannot be divorced from faith in do the more earnest Buddhists. Collisions bethe Sun Goddess and all the rest of the ancient tween such dissenters and the government policy mythology, therefore that mythology is taught in occur from time to time, and of late with growing all the public schools as veritable history. There- frequency, chiefly in connection with the requirefore, also, it is required of school teachers to take ments imposed upon the teachers and students of their pupils, from time to time, to the local shrines, public schools. Not many months ago the teachers to do obeisance to the local gods. and students of the Ogaki city school went on an excursion to Ise, to worship at the shrine of the Such instructions to teachers encounter an ob- Sun Goddess. Three of the girls, being Chrisstacle in Article XXVIII of the Constitution of tians, refused to join in this worship. They were Japan, which guarantees freedom of religious expelled and fourteen or more Christian churches faith. To get over this difficulty, the Government in the province were closed by government order. makes a distinction between two kinds of Shinto, called respectively State Shinto and Religious The Roman Catholic Church, of course, stands Shinto. In the latter are included all the various out firmly against any compromise in this matter; new sects already alluded to. Profession of such and on the whole the Protestant leaders are no faith is absolutely a matter for private choice. less inflexible, although there are some among In the former term are included the chief shrines them who are inclined to yield. It is almost preof the ancient faith, and these are officially de- cisely the same conflict as that between the early clared not to be places of religious worship, but church and the Roman emperor worship. If conplaces for the commemoration and honoring of ditions were now as in ancient times, there is no national heroes and of the Imperial Family. At- doubt that the scaffold and the stake would again tendance and worship at such shrines is the duty be appealed to to settle the controversy; but presof every Japanese subject, no matter what his ent-day Japan is too sensitive to international religious beliefs may be. Meanwhile, however, public opinion to employ so crude a method. the old priests remain, and the same old rites are performed, the same prayers are said. Meanwhile, there is no doubt that the Govern- ment policy is meeting with a large measure of In any other country, the attempt of the Gov- success. The decline of Shinto, evident in the disernment to declare that to be irreligious which in appearance of many of the smaller shrines, is the faith and practice of the people has always measurably checked, and the progress of the Chrisbeen the heart of their religion, would be amusing, tian faith is retarded. The larger shrines, estabbut it is not so in Japan. Most people take it seri- lished and maintained at government expense, are ously or pretend to do so, and comply without hesi- becoming more and more popular; and the day tation. Hence, although the smaller shrines are seems to have been indefinitely postponed when decreasing in number and in the number of their the last pagan empire shall cease to be pagan. worshippers, the new shrines are increasingly A PIONEER CHINESE WOMAN DOCTOR By M. P . WALKER, Shanghai, China American Episcopal Church Mission, China AH MEl WONG was one of the few Chinese women doctors in China. She was the daugh- l'".. ter of the Rev. Kong Chai Wong, the first Chinese clergyman of the Episcopal Church in China and the younger sister of Soo Ngoo Wong (afterwards Mrs. F. L. Hawks Pott). After attending St. Mary's Hall, Shanghai, Dr. Wong trained as a nurse in the Memo- rial Hospital at Wuchang, and in St. Luke's Hospital, Shanghai. Wishing to become a doctor, ….1&he went to Canada and studied medicine in Toronto, where she was the first Chinese woman ';i"!medical student at the University. .

When she returned to China she set up a private practice in Shanghai, showing most unu- sual skill and general ability. She was highly respected by Chinese and foreigners alike and all her life was a devoted member of the Church. She continued her regular medical prac- tice until a few days before her death on May 7, 1933, at the age of sixty-five.

She bequeathed to the St. Elizabeth's Hospital over $190,000, Chinese currency, to found the Ah Mei Wong Endowment Fund, the income to be used by the hospital for maternity work.

Present Value of Medical

By NATHANIEL BERCOVITZ, M.D.

American Mission Hospital, Hoi How, Hainan, China A QUARTER of a century ago medical mis- of its value. There have also been great advances sionary work was looked upon as of special in medical science, especially in tropical medicine. value in opening doors, making friendly The bulk of medical missionary work has been contacts, and giving an opportunity for the presen- done in tropical or subtropical countries, and it tation of the Gospel. There are innumerable in- has been possible to bring about a better general stances where entrance, hitherto impossible, was state of health because of better methods of treatmade possible by medical work; where friendships ment. of great value to the whole missionary cause were made by doctors, and where vigorous churches Medical education has been carried forward in grew up as a result of faithful preaching in hos- lands where medical missionary work has been pitals and dispensaries. done and has resulted in the training of native men and women in modern medicine and surgery, The need for medical missions has been recog- with the result that interest in modern medicine nized. Throughout the world, and especially in tropical and subtropical countries, there was a vast amount of illness, formerly untouched by modern medical science. Many of the medical and surgical ailments encountered were imperfectly understood by medical science of that time, for some of the greatest strides in tropical medicine, in public health work, and in sanitation and control of epidemics have been made within the past twenty-five years.

Conditions in mission fields were appallingepidemics ran unchecked; infant mortality was the rule rather than the exception; fetichism and quackery, born of ignorance and based upon superstition, were all that the people had in the way of medical care. Existing conditions made a powerful appeal to doctors in America and Europe, and many consecrated noble men and women went to needy places, and established medical work in has become widespread. Some native practitioners response to the calls for help. may have been coolies in the mission hospital; some may have been amahs in a maternity ward; They went to alleviate suffering in places where but on the other hand, many have been trained in no other trained medical help was available; the best medical schools in their own country, or where disease, superstition, and the grossest hea- in Europe and America. In any case, what they then practices prevailed; and at the same time had to offer at the worst was better than the suthe love and power of Jesus Christ was preached perstition and quackery existing before they came. to transform lives, to make. for better living, and The qualified native doctors have done good work to do away with the unspeakable conditions under among their own people. In most cases financial which the people lived. gain has been their object, but even so, much good has been done, especially in an educational way. During the past twenty-five years there have .others have practiced medicine from altruistic been many changes in regards to medical work, motives. Not all of the native doctors, qualified especially in countries where conditions were the or unqualified, have been Christians, but it is safe worst. The work of pioneer medical missionaries to say that nearly all have come in contact with has borne fruit-much of the fear of modern Christian hospitals. In many countries, where scientific medicine has been broken down, and the medical missionary was the first to introduce people are now ready to accept medical and surgical treatment because they have been convinced [561 ]

modern medical science, the governments have druggists, and treatments by hospital doctors. In undertaken medical and public health work on a general these druggists have helped to stimulate large scale. interest in modern medicine and have helped to It is evident that the problem of medical mis- break down the earlier barriers.

sions as regards the scope and field has changed, A new problem is being faced now in the fact and that a new evaluation of the whole subject that several assistants have accepted positions as should be made. doctors in the Chinese army-with much higher While medical conditions throughout the world, pay than what the mission hospital can afford.

especially in countries where medical mission- For many years Dr. McCandliss worked hard to aries did their pioneer work, have generally build up the maternity work of the hospital. The changed along certain lines, there are still many Chinese in Hainan have been particularly quick places where the medical missionary today is as to realize the benefits of this work, and all over much needed and his work is much the same as Hainan there have sprung up maternity hospitals it was fifty years ago. For such places no new run by young women who have had some training evaluation need be made, except, in anticipation, as midwives in Canton. These midwives are al- as conditions are likely to change. Even in these leviating suffering and what help they give is places, although working under pioneer conditions, better than what the people had previously.

the doctors should be equipped with the knowledge The question is whether the hospital has lost an of modern medical and surgical methods, and opportunity as a missionary agency in not getting must expect to work under better conditions. into the field early, establishing such centers as But where health conditions are different from part of the hospital work, manned by midwives those of twenty-five years ago, new problems arise trained under our supervision, and sent out to do because of these changed conditions. These prob- this work in connection with the other activities lems are concerned with administration, relation of the mission. One maternity center and branch to local hospitals and practitioners, and to the of the hospital has been established in a town 44 local governments. Each missionary hospital must miles west of Hoi How, and is developing this face its particular problem. In view of the chang- work in a very needy and superstitious center.

ing relations between the local churches and gen- Another center was opened in a town 47 miles eral missionary work, the relation of the native south of Hoi How by a group of Christian women church ·to the missionary hospital must be con- as a project. Both centers are doing fairly well, sidered. The present financial situation, with con- and are helping in the study of rural medical mis- sequent limitation of many missionary activities, sionary work.

must also be studied. A former assistant in our hospital at Kachek The medical work in Hainan, China, was begun completed his studies as a doctor, and after three forty-nine years ago by Dr. H. M. McCandliss, years graduate work at the Peiping Union Medical who was superintendent until 1926, and was en- College returned to Hainan to establish a hospital tirely pioneer in its nature at the beginning. of his own in Hoi How. He enlisted the support Through years of assiduous labor he succeeded in of many wealthy Hainanese, and succeeded in building up a remarkable medical work and now erecting a three-story building, fully equipped. there is a well equipped group of buildings, with This hospital is about 300 yards away from our a trained staff of assistants, a training school for hospital and has been fairly successful.

nurses, and seven doctors. During 1933, the new If the Chinese can build, equip, and run a hos- inpatients registered in the hospital numbered pital as well as Dr. Chu's hospital, what is the 2,859, of which 739 were maternity cases and 580 need for the American Presbyterian Hospital in were surgical operations. The patients come Hainan, even though we are crowded with pa- chiefly from the northeastern section of Hainan. tients?

With the growth of the hospital many problems To date the government has not taken over pub- have been encountered. Assistants, trained by lic health work which is still a great untouched Dr. McCandliss, left the hospital and set up for field in Hainan. The American Presbyterian Hos- themselves, on the growing reputation of the 1;1os- pital is well known, and the people usually friend- pital, and their connection with it. At first those ly. How far should this hospital undertake public men attempted everything, although their train- health work? – The problems are extremely prac- ing did not qualify them for such operations as tical. What is the value, need and purpose of cataract, or dissection of the glands of the neck. medical missionary work under changing condi- Later, except for treatment of such diseases as tions? Has medical missionary work served its malaria and dysentery, these men gradually limit- purpose and is its work finished?

ed themselves to the sale of medicine. Gradually It is the opinion of the writer that the ultimate the people learned to differentiate between these purpose of medical missionary work is active ex-

1934J THE PRESENT VALUE OF MEDICAL MISSIONS

tension of Christianity through medical work. other lines as well as strengthening existing mis- This includes the pioneer type of work, as well as sion hospitals to reach the largest possible number every other type of medical missionary work. of people, in the hospital, in the rural dispensary, Without this purpose the field might as well be and by various projects. left to other medical agencies serving only humanitarian and scientific purposes. But the time Christian missions mean the proclamation of should never come when a mission hospital can the direct Gospel message; but the work includes cease to be an active evangelizing agency, as well living the Christian life in every phase and relaas a medical center. tionship, every good deed which is the fruit of the Spirit. Christian propaganda is the living witness One particular case in our work in 1932 was of Christ within men; a powerful demonstration worth the work of the whole year. A man came to all who come in contact with the work that to the hospital with a surgical condition and was there is something in Christ and in Christianity cured. The evangelist sat with him, and when the which is unique and is worth while having. patient left gave him some tracts and a Bible. Some months later the pastor of the Hoi How In all of the rooms of the Hoi How Hospital are church visited the region where this patient lived, placed Bibles and Bible texts are printed on the and was invited to visit the patient's village. The walls. It is not unusual for an educated patient pastor was amazed to find a group of ninety-four people asking for examination for baptism in a to read through the Bible while in the hospital and village where no evangelist had ever gone, and many ask for copies on leaving. One man, whose where the only work had been done through tIiis wife had a very serious surgical operation, said one patient in the hospital. The pastor felt that that one night when her condition was the lowest sixty-one of these candidates were ready to be he never took his eyes off the text on the wallbaptized. Since that time many have had to en- "God is our refuge and strength, a very present dure persecution, but a recent visit brought the help in time of trouble." word that the group was standing firm, a strong Christian nucleus in their village. It is advisable for hospitals to have the as- sistance of an advisory board, on which church It does not mean that because of this ultimate leaders have a prominent part. The church can purpose of medical missionary work that there be invited to assist in the evangelistic work in the should be any but the highest standards for the hospital, and follow up the work with patients who medical and surgical work. On the contrary, if have been in the hospital. Public health work, the mission hospital is to be most effective in rural health centers, clinics, and district maternity achieving its evangelistic purpose it must be out- hospitals, can all be conducted in cooperation with standing as a place of healing. Missionary hos- the church. pitals should be developed to the highest degree of efficiency in staff, nursing, buildings, and equip- As long as we adhere to the main purpose of ment, to do the highest grade of medical work. medical missions, Christian propaganda through With this purpose in view and under these condi- medical work, there is increasing opportunity for tions we believe that missionary hospitals should this form of missionary service. It should reseek enlargement and an increase in the numbers ceive unqualified support; its future should be of patients. They deserve the support of their planned along broad lines; it should be regarded constituencies in the homeland, and of the church as a major missionary activity; its opportunities on the field. should be fully grasped and used. We believe that the blessing of God which has been poured out so It has been argued that as the national medical richly in the past will be given in even greater agencies make progress medical missionary work measure, so long as this form of missionary acwill become less important. If the missionary hos- tivity is kept right in purpose, and in operation. pitals are to do merely humanitarian and scientific work then it might be reasonable to say that their work will become less important but since the great purpose of medical missions is to advance the cause of Christ, the mission hospital holds a unique mission. For this reason its work has not been completed. It will continue to be needed, no matter how much medical work is done by local agencies.

There should be continued activity i:q medical missions-extension of health work in rural districts, maternity work,caring for the poor, and

A Pioneer Journey in

Excerpts from a Letter from Mr. Raymond Joyce, Edsingol, Minghsia Province, to Dr. R. H. Glover, China Inland Mission O N THE edge of the Edsingol Delta, (North- pleasant. Slower going and perhaps more digging west China), with over half our journey would make it better. Cars with a lower center of to Tihwa behind us, we are faced with gravity would find it much less risky than we seeming impossibilities before we can continue. thought it to be.

There are four or more rivers to be crossed and The next part of the journey was mostly they are very full. through country made lumpy by tall grasses grow- It has taken us twelve traveling days to reach ing in clumps. This is the main feature of the here from Kalgan, seventeen days altogether. We route as far as Rain Unter. The river beds pre- rested two Sundays and spent three other days in vious to Rain Unter may give trouble, but are all repairing one of the cars. One of the little springs right if you keep going. The surface is gravelly in the universal joint either came out or, more sand but underneath is sticky red clay. We got probably, had never been put ~n. The whole back stuck before leaving the last river bed before Bain axle had to come off. Apart from this, however, Unter and took five hours to get out! One car we have had no serious mechanical trouble. Apart stopped in changing gear and the other car, fairly from the above delay we have had no undue hind- close behind, slowed up and both stuck and rance. Once we got stuck in a river bed of loose wouldn't start again but sank in. We made a sand with clay underneath and it took us five hours trench from the rear wheels towards the front of digging and "road-making" to get out. On a wheels gradually getting shallower. This was few other occasions it took an hour or two to get laid with stones and brushwood and one car was going again. However, considering the country, rushed out and up the bank. The other car was we have come through very smoothly. Not a few jacked up at the rear, a big pit dug under each cars have found it impossible and most of them back wheel and a firm stone bed made under the have taken longer than we so that there is much wheels. The first car then helped to pull this one to thank the Lord for. Rain on the stretch from out.

Kalgan to Sunit Wang would have meant mud, From Bain Unter onwards is desert and in but we had good weather. The same applies to the main the surface is firm, being gravelly, and the road after Uni Ussu. The sandier part of the flat. The chief trouble is soft patches of ground, journey, between Siao Ch'uan Tsi and Muringol, and hard low-gear work. The water question was fairly good owing to the sand being damp- gives no trouble. We passed water every day, ened by rain just before we arrived. In many though we did carry two drums or more from ways we know that the Lord has undertaken Bain Unter onwards.

for us. The journey from Yagan onwards is really good We had no trouble in getting away from Kalgan going and much of it is down hill after passing -no customs examinations or charges. This was through the hills.

chiefly because we were missionaries. Mr. Soder- The trip has been a somewhat strenuous journey bom was a great help, and Mr. and Mrs. Williams, but enjoyable-the daily round being:-break- were very helpful. Hattin Sumu was a very in- fast, packing, traveling, unpacking, supper, bed.

teresting little place. The missionaries were on We stopped for an hour at mid-day for light lunch.

furlough but the Mongol pastor entertained us As for food we have done very well. We have seen there and children sang hymns to us in Mongol! some wonderful sunsets and beautiful country, The journey as far as Yang Ch'ang Tsi Goh is though desert. The tent has proved waterproof, very interesting. You see lovely droves of horses and we have been glad of sleeping bags. Some careering over the steppe; you pass camel cara- nights have been quite cold but we've had no really vans and gaily dressed Mongols, Lamas and mer- cold weather yet.

chants, all were very friendly, interested and In EdsingoI we found Dr. Horner of the Sino- happy (outwardly at least). Beili Miao was busy Swedish Expedition. He entertained us royally, when we pased through as the Panchan Lama seeking to help and advise us in every way. He was there and many pilgrims had come to see has loaned us a large yurt (Mongolian circular him. felt tent). So we are very comfortable and are Yang Ch'ang Tsi GQh was our first rough ex- waiting for Cerat to return from his inquiries perience. It is not really unsafe but quite un- regarding a guide to take us to Hami.

[564 ]

Evangelization of the World in

Generation By PROF. KENNETH SCOTT LATOURETTE, Ph.D. New Haven, Conn.

Professor of Missions and Oriental History, Yale University WHAT has happened to the motto, "The ever, as many of us remember, was meant giving Evangelization of the World in this Gene- to all those now living an opportunity to hear the ration"? Many who are still in their late Gospel with a sufficient knowledge of it intelligentyouth can recall when much was made of it. As ly to accept or reject it.

the official watchword it was blazoned in huge Another factor has been the reaction from the letters across the platforms of the Quadrennial "extensive" to the "intensive" policy in missions.

Conventions of the Student Volunteer Movement. To many, "The Evangelization of the World in Its realization was one of the chief objectives of this Generation" has meant the establishment of the Laymen's Missionary Movement. Many pro- a large number of mission stations, most of them claimed it as an attainable goal. It had a marked understaffed, a superficial, broadcast method of influence in shaping missionary policies and pro- proclaiming the Gospel message, either by the grams. written or the spoken word, and the neglect of a Yet in late years we have heard less and less careful tending of the communities of those re- of it, and that little is often accompanied by a cently become Christian. The "extensive" policy half apology or thinly veiled cynicism. Officially has often meant absence of careful supervision, it remains the watchword of the Student Volun- lack of emphasis on trained leadership and of teer Movement, but no publicity is given it. Many growth in the Christian life. Laying the founda- of the younger generation of Christians, even tions for a strong continuing Christian commu- those committed to the missionary enterprise, nity, capable of taking its share in spreading and have scarcely heard of it. Certainly it forms no making effective the Gospel message, was sacri- part of their thinking. No longer is much said by ficed to reaching quickly as large a district and most of our major boards of the "unoccupied as many people as possible. From this policy, :flelds"-those regions still vast where the Gosp~l with its disastrously superficial results and its must be carried if all men are to have the privi- waste of missionary life and money, a reaction legp. of hearing it. Here and there are movements, was to be expected and has been in progress for some of them engaging the interest of large num- some years. bers of Christians, who hold to the motto and seek Still another possible factor is more serious, for to meet the challenge which it embodies. For it may indicate that, for the time being at least, most supporters of Protestant missions, however, great sections of the missionary enterprise are it no longer has an appeal and it would be a hardy slowing down and losing the sense of urgency.

mission board which would place it in the fore- Back of the watchword was the passionate confront of its publicity. For the time being at least, viction of the need of all men for the Gospel of "The Evangelization of the World in this Genera- Christ and of the infinite tragedy of the untold tion" seems to have been relegated to the archives millions who die without ever having heard it.

of half-forgotten slogans. In many of our church circles this sense of need The muffling of this watch cry of other years has weakened. As a partial substitute for it has is no accident. The causes are many and the come the conviction that missions have an impor- change may prove to be an indication of a funda- tant function in rural and village reconstruction, mental revolution in missions. One factor is to in meeting evils in industry, in relieving famine, be found in a widespread misapprehension. By in establishing better racial relations or an im- many "The Evangelization of the World in this proved international order. As a rull, these ob- Generation" was believed to be equivalent to "The jectives do not call forth such devotion and sacri- Christianization of the World in this:Generation." flce as does the conviction of the eternal loss suf- Under such an interpretation the watchword fered by those who sink into Christless graves.

would, of course, have been fantastic. By it, how- Many have acquired an easygoing tolerance of [ 565]

other faiths and to large numbers the threat of tinues, in some regions at an accelerated pace. "secularism," which has been substituted for non- Those peoples who, like the Japanese, have suc- Christian faiths as the major enemy, does not cessfully revolted against the control of the West seem sufficiently grave to warrant heroic meas- have achieved their political and economic autonures. On top of all these elements in the situation omy only by sacrificing their cultural independcame the World War, with its subsequent disloca- ence and adopting much of Western civilization. tions, and now has followed the financial depres- This continued disintegration of the older cultures sipn with its staggering blows to Board incomes. means that the traditional forms of resistance to the Christian message are continuing to weaken. As result of these many factors, the missionary The place of the foreign missionary is most cerenterprise is tending to dig in rather than to ex- tainly being altered, but, if new methods are pand, and even to retrench. To be sure, this is formulated and the younger churches can be put not all loss. It is leading to the placing of more in the forefront of leadership, the door of opporresponsibility on the younger churches which have tunity was never so widely open to the Christian arisen out of the missions of the past century and message. a half. It is accompanied by a more critical appraisal of methods and results than we have yet The factors which have been responsible for the had. neglect of "the evangelization of the world in this generation" must not be permitted to obscure the The Expanding Program continuation of the obligation embodied in that slogan. We must revive it, if not in these exact However, we need to recognize the significance words, then in others which will convey the same of the change. From the time of William Carey meaning and sense of urgency. We must, indeed, the Protestant missionary enterprise has had a not only revive it but greatly add to it. It reconstantly expanding program. We have believed mains eternally true that if the Christian message that, no matter how dark the immediate present "is not true for all, it is not true at all." So long might be, the future was "as bright as the prom- as we remain convinced Christians we must seek ises of God." We have had the conviction that we to share the Gospel with all mankind. If the faith must be ever entering new fields, opening new we profess is not the wellspring of our lives, then missions, founding new stations. In this we we had best either discard it or ask whether we shared the spirit of our age and civilization. The are missing what it may hold in store for us. If missionary enterprise has been intimately con- God in Christ is the source of life we must en- nected with that expansion of European peoples deavor to make others aware of Him. If the Gosand cultures which has been such an outstanding pel is true it remains the obligation of each genfeature of the past four and a half centuries. eration of Christians, as it has since the very be- That expansion of Europe, however, is ceasing, ginning, to try to give that message to all their at least in its economic and political aspects. The contemporaries. If we Christians ever lose sight tide has, indeed, begun to recede. In the Far East of that objective, if we narrow the horizons of European supremacy is being effectively chal- our planning to anything less than the entire hu- lenged by the Japanese, and only somewhat less man race, then we are both recreant to our trust effectively by the Chinese and Filipinos. In and are tacitly admitting our lack of conviction as India Western political domination is passing. Of to the importance of the Gospel for ourselves. the major sections of the world, only in Negro Africa is the frontier of European dominion un- What ,the Watchword Means shaken and unthreatened. We now see that this recession of the wave of European conquest has This does not mean that we must abandon the about it an air of inevitability. Western peoples "intensive" and adopt once more the "extensive" could not permanently hold the remainder of the policy of a superficial broadcast preaching of the . world in subjection. Other peoples were certain Word and many small understaffed Christian sooner or later to acquire the machines and the centers. Nor does it mean that we must close our political and economic organization by which they eyes to what being Christian involves in trying to had been subdued. Christian missions, however, make the Gospel effective in the social, economic, inescapably feel the results of this decay of Euro- international, and interracial relations of life. We pean domination. The efforts we are making to must bear in w.ind future, unborn generations as transfer to "nationals" the control of the churches well as our own, and for their sakes we must do we have founded are merely one evidence of that all that we can to see that strong, intelligent Chris- associatiOIf. tian communities are developed in every land to carryon, in ever-growing power and with decreas- We must not too lightly assume, however, that ing foreign assistance, the Christian task. We the passing of Western political and economic must, too, if we really strive to love our neighbors, control means the end of Christian opportunity. The disintegration of non-European cultures con-

THE EVANGELIZATION OF THE WORLD IN THIS GENERATION

seek in every way possible to help them realize ested. The writer recently gave to the Student that fullness of life, free from debasing economic Volunteer Movement a copy of the pledge which conditions and soul-destroying enmities, which we reads: desire for ourselves as .we pursue it, the implications of our Christian calling become ever more We hold ourselves willing and desirous to do the Lord's complex and far-reaching. work wherever He may call us, even if it be in a foreign land.

It does mean, however, that we must never al- Under this pledge are the names of thirty-four low present discouragements or apathy to narrow girls. Grace Wilder, our gifted and consecrated our horizons. We must continue to plan with the leader, served in India; Elizabeth Post, at Graaf whole world in view. We must not be content to RO.eiPnreets,tSoonu, t1h88A2f-r8i9c;a;anadlsoAninnaSoCu. tCh uAmfmricinag, sM, 'a8r3y, see Christians acknowledge, even tacitly, that any who was Vice-Principal and Principal of Huguehuman being exists who does not need the Chris- not Seminary, Wellington, South Africa, where tian Gospel or who does not possess an inalien- her service was lifelong; Mattie Pixley, '86, who able right to hear it. Nor must we ever be will- joined her parents in East Africa; Carrie Koering supinely to consent to compromises with a ner, '85, later Mrs. Lyman P. Peet, of Foochow, pagan faith or manner of life. We cannot com- China for twenty-eight years; Mary Hall, '83, pletely withdraw from the world. In practice, taught at Constantinople College; Helen Flint therefore, we are often less than Christian in the also taught in Constantinople College; Emily Bismany institutions and contacts in which our com- sell, '83, gave forty-four years to India; Marie plex civilization binds us. To be content with Oldham's field was Poona, India. While Ellen being less than Christian, however, is to deny the Peet's name is not here, she was a member, who, faith. We must continue to be awake to the eter- as Mrs. George H. Hubbard, gave her life to China nal tension between our Christian principles and and was buried there after forty years of service. the less than Christian society in which we are More than thirty years of the writer's life were inextricably enmeshed. We must never be satis- spent in work for girls in the Near East, under fied until that tension is removed by that society becoming fully Christian. While we may not see the American Board. the evangelization of the world a reality in our Not all were called to foreign lands; some were generation, we cannot, if we are Christian, be content with planning for any lesser goal. Let us, called Up Higher to special service; others, to then, once more revive the slogan of other years, and add to it. service in the homeland. It would be impossible to count the years of foreign work or of useful labor in the homeland The Story of the Mount Holyoke Mis, which were given by the members of this M. H. sionary Association, 1878,1884 M. A. Not all names have been mentioned, but these will suffice to prove that the M. H. M. A. By MARY L. MATTHEWS, has a right to be called the predecessor of the Student Volunteer Movement. It is the under- Recently a Missionary of the American Board in Macedonia standing of the writer that Grace Wilder told her brother Robert to go to the Conference at Mount NEARLY half a. century has passed since the Hermon and organize the S. V. M. and she would founding of the Student Volunteer Move- be praying for him at home in Princeton, N. J. ment at a Conference at Mount Hermon, What her life has meant to the world in foreign Massachusetts. Dr. Robert Wilder and Rev. John missionary work and in turning others in that di- Foreman will always be honored for their con- rection, no human being can estimate. nection with the Movement from its beginning. Many missionaries went out from Mount Holy- Probably less than a score of persons now liv- oke Seminary in the years before the M. H. M. A. ing know that there was a forerunner of the S. was formed, but that organization gave an added V. M., dating from 1878 to 1884, at Mt. Holyoke impetus to the cause. A tablet on the wall of the Seminary. It was called the M. H. M. A., mean- College Library lists the missionaries who were ing the Mt. Holyoke Missionary Association. Here pupils in the first fifty classes of the school, and a band of girls formed what was probably the the writer counts it a high honor to be named on only secret society in the Seminary. that tablet. The names of foreign missionaries from the institution in its second fifty years are M. H. M. A. meetings were held on Sunday inscribed in a beautiful parchment book. afternoons, once a month, and little notice was taken of the girls as they. passed quietly into the The Student Volunteer Movement has rendered room. Members were recruited by personal in- immeasurable service to the wide world in recruit- ing missionaries from many institutions of learn- vitation to those who seemed likely to be inter- ing.

Preach the Good

From the Baccalaureate Sermon Preached to the Graduating Class of the Near East School of Theology By JAMES HOWDEN NICOL, Beirut, Syria PREACH the Gospel-this is the whole com- mankind throughout the world, to their food and mission and the charter of the messenger of clothing, their transport by land and sea and air, God. The commission was delivered by Christ all are the legitimate field of trade. Of course himself. It has been passed down the centuries trade is legitimate and essential, but it is some- through a great succession. The Gospel-the times so sinister as to slink into the forests of "good news" of God's loving interest in all men, Africa and South America and the islands of the a loving interest exhibited in the earthlyexperi- sea, and pillage and rape and even murder in its ences, the death, the resurrection, the revealing own interest; it may make the people virtual words of Jesus the Christ. This is the content. slaves; and such are the distances in time and And what is the spirit! Someone has said, "the space between the deed and those who are ulti- ministry dare not be a profession at all, it is a mately responsible for it, that even Christian peo- passion." The great apostle said "Woe is me if I pIe may profit from it, blinding their eyes. And preach not the Gospel." This ,is the passion. those who thus exploit life, are the first to oppose Now the preacher goes forth to preach, and the approach of our servant of God with his pas- what does he find? If the world were eager for sion to witness about the worth of the soul of man preaching, the world would not need it. Its need -his passion to tell the Good News of God's lov- is in proportion to its reluctance. Therefore the ing interest, his passion to tell of the abundant minister's passion must be sufficient to carry him life for rich and poor alike.

past and through the world's opposition and We are commended for saving little children; through this reluctance to hear the Word of God. from starving, when we give them cleansing, food, The world seems to be clear for every sort of clothing and shelter, but many dispute our right preaching except the preaching of the G0spel. to share with them our knowledge of the Friend The passion of the servant of God to spread his of little children. I can give them much that is wares seems alone to provoke a strange opposi- good, but I am told not to give them of my best- tion. A bright salesman of a new variety of soap, my passion is taboo.

or of a new excellence in cosmetics, or of new As to the reasons for this strange prohibition models in radios, or new streamlined autos, which too often inhibits our passion to proclaim arouses no resentment and no opposition, unless the Word of God, we might mention two or three.

from competitors in the same line. Unfortunately There is always opposition from those whose, the same is true of the spread of less harmless selfish aims are frustrated by the presence and the wares. A company of men can sit down to plan preaching of the true servant of God. This has a great crusade, to create a great slogan and se- always been so. And it will be so, so long as sin- lect a goal, which may be to "put a cigarette into ful men can exploit weakness and ignorance and the mouth of every man, woman and child in poverty. It was so in Paul's day when the preach- China," and from the world there is little but ing of the apostle interfered with trade in amulets praise for the clever and effective extension of and idols. Demetrius the silversmith and indi- trade. But for a company of men to sit down and rectly Alexander the coppermith had cause to be counsel how they may put the word of a new and angry. And it will always be so. One of the things abundant life into these same Chinese raises a about Jesus that caused bitter opposition to Him storm of protest. Extracting oil from under the was that because of Him the poor had the Gospel feet of the inhabitants of Persia and Irak is an preached to them, and it opened to them the pos- enterprise to command the admiration of the sibilities of personality that made oppression less world. But any suggestion for a more aggressive easy. This makes it one of the functions of the effort to share with Persians and Irakians this Christian sometimes to preach as did the forerun- Gospel of Christ, is met with coldness and suspi- ner of Jesus, John the Baptist, to stir up these cion. Men do not hesitate to use the influence of nests of poisonous vipers and make them flee from politics and government to gain their commercial the wrath to come. Any preacher should know ends. From the oil and minerals under the feet of that life round about him, with all its seeming [568 ]i fairness and beauty, is full of these. There were sists in sharing, and there must be a way whereby preachers in the days of Amos who gave their we can freely give our best. attention to those who oppressed the poor. So today these oppressors must be warned to flee Sometime ago a very earnest Moslem leader from the certain wrath to come. With this John turned impulsively to me, clasped my hand the Baptist preaching there must be the preaching and said: "Oh, my brother, would that you had of hope to the penitent-but until he becomes the joy that comes from allegiance to our Great penitent he will like neither the preaching nor Prophet." He was living the life of sharing. He the preacher. Today, he and his kind, operators should be free to do it everywhere. So should you of unfair homes, and unfair shops and unfair and so should 1. That is what makes a happy factories-will tell the preacher to keep still, or world. "Freely ye have received, freely give." worse, will tell him to prattle sweet nothings to soothe the souls of the oppressed and make them 3. A third phase of our life today that leads forget their wrongs. Shall I allow this to silence to the same difficulty is the growth all over the my voice, or limit my speech, to make the Word world of the intense nationalistic spirit, connected of God of none effect? in many places with a growing strictness and with serious limitations on the preaching of the Gospel. Religion and Religions The spirit regards such preaching as subversive of social peace and a proper patriotism. 2. A second inhibition comes from the distinction between religion and religions; from the What then shall we do with our commission and seeming necessity of respecting all religions, even our passion to preach? Well, men of God have at the cost of losing opportunities to share our always refused to be silenced or limited. Our own with others. In these Near Eastern lands, business is to introduce Jesus Christ to the world where the three great monotheistic faiths meet, which needs what He has to give-with no trapthe problem becomes most difficult, further in- pings of ecclesiasticism, or undue insistence on tensified by the divisions within the religions creeds and forms, but only as the Saviour from themselves, especially among those called Chris- sin and the Lord of Life. The chances are that tian. Because of this, the minister with the pas- trade, religions, nations will find benefit rather sion for witnessing is inhibited at the very start than injury from a greater knowledge of Jesus, from freely sharing his faith. He himself feels but that is not for us to judge. Men struggling it is not quite Christian to discount another per- with sin and wrong need him, and that is enough. son's religion; he naturally hesitates to break up Our passion is to share with all our knowledge of home allegiances even if Jesus did say that such a great Friend whom not to know is to suffer revolutions in family life were sure to follow the grievous loss. Now in this work of introduction preaching of the Gospel. Here in the Near East let us clearly understand two things: his hesitancy is increased by the fact that political and personal rights are linked up with religious Introducing Jesus, the Saviour allegiance, so that what was meant to be a simple relationship between the soul and God, becomes 1. Be sure that it is Jesus the Saviour whom a most complex thing, with courts and judges, you are introducing. Inevitably there comes the legal forms, sanctions entering in. All this has temptation to present Him so that He shall be brought extreme sensitiveness, tending to dis- attractive and undisturbing to the world as it is. courage the frank sharing of one's faith with During the Great War we even had Jesus preothers. sented as preaching the necessity of armaments. The minister of Christ, seeing the world as it We hear constantly that religion must be left is with its notions of success, its personal rivalout of account while we concentrate on "good ries, its material pride, its exclusiveness of feeling" and brotherhood. Nor is this confined to race and wealth, its changing philosophies and the Near East. Everywhere in the world there pyschologies, each having its vogue for a dayare praiseworthy attempts to bring about a spirit this Christian witness ashamed at the "foolishness of understanding between the Christians and the of preaching" this other worldly Gospel, shrinks Jews but such attempts may be so conducted as to from the thought of introducing Jesus to this leave the Saviour practically outside the door of world. Oh, that He had been more practical, more a good fellowship meeting. Surely no Christian sensible, more successful; less in the clouds and should hesitate to cooperate with high-minded more on the earth. Oh, that He had kept still men of every faith, but not at the cost of losing about some things that make Him so unacceptable his message. We should not be satisfied with a to life as it is! Surely He didn't mean all He said! world like that, an unprogressive world that So the Christian witness says to himself: "I'll does not admit of the free sharing of good gifts leave out this and I'll put the soft pedal on that, and good news with each other. True living con- and I will make Him more like the pattern of life as it is. Thus too often a strange person is being introduced, made up of partial views of the Christ,

the Great Saviour of the world, and being partial, ality. In some way or other these qualities must an insult to God and a tragedy to needy man. I be made to appear in the life of the witness in wonder if to such a witness God's word may not some degree. The great words must be embodied well apply, "I would that thou wert cold or hot, in a consistent life. It must never be truly said of but since though art neither cold nor hot I will us that our lives are so loud with the noises of the spew thee out of my mouth." world, that the people can hear nothing of His words through us. Living letters are we. What It is the whole Gospel, the whole Person, the do the people read as we pass by? whole Word, with all its implications, that is to be preached. Christ is not to be made acceptable There was a nobleman on his way to visit a to sinful man, but sinful man, seeing Him in all friend in the country. A servant was sent to meet His beauty is to be made acceptable to Him. the guest at the station and asked, "How shall I know him?" "You will see a tall man helping 2. Moreover preaching is not confined to spok- somebody." en testimony. Many discount the value of sermons today, saying that Christian living is pref- Here then is the servant of God with his COlllerable by far, and the less preaching the better. mission which is also his passion. Let us go into There is no need of praising or discounting either the quiet places with our Lord and Master to get to the detriment of the other. And yet the preach- the strength that is needed to preach the Gospel er does realize that the Saviour whom he presents to a needy world-the Gospel which is the "good to the world cannot be'exhibited as a visible and news" of God's loving interest, expressed in the tangible person. We know nothing of His person- fullness of Jesus Christ.

WHY SUPPORT CHRISTIAN MISSIONS?

Because I am a Christian, a member of the Church, which is the Body of Christ. Our Lord established the Church on earth to evangelize the world. If I do not work towards the purpose for which the Body was made, I have no right to membership in it.

Because as a representative of Christ my love must embrace all nations, all types of men as His does; my sympathy must have bounds as wide as His.

Because in these days civilization is reaching to the outposts of the world and changing the lives of even the most primitive races. Civilization emanates primarily from the white races of which I am a member. It brings disease and death and an overturning of age-long beliefs, and can only be a blessing to the world in so far as its power is used in the name of Christ.

Because every nation has a special gift to bring to the Church of God, and until all have made their contribution, the Church can never reach the fulness of its life.

HOW SUPPORT MISSIONS?

1. Consider the call to personal service abroad. I have no right to send others unless I myself am ready to go, if God demands this of me.

2. Pray for missions. My prayer must be intelligent and regular. I must pray not only for the world, but for individual missionaries and their work, and my prayer must be offered in certain expectation of a definite answer.

3. Give to missions. Money is a sacrament, inasmuch as the use of it is the expression of those things we believe to be most worth having. I must compare my personal expenditure with my gifts to God. I must compare my own circumstances with the needs of others. I must compare the help, sympathy, and skill that I can claim with the loneliness and suffering of others.

4. Study and learn. There can be no real prayer without knowledge, for without knowledge of the ·magnitude and glory of the work there can be no intelligent desire for its progress; and prayer to be effective, must be the outcome of intense desire.

5. Interest others. Therefore, I will ask God to cast out from me the dumb devil of false pride and false reserve and try by my own enthusiasm and willing sacrifice to win others to help in evangelizing the world.-From the Presbyterian Mission House, 16 Falkner Street, Liverpool, England.

Second Coming of

Does the Premillennial View Cut the Nerve of Missions?

By REV. HENRY W. FROST, D.D., Princeton, New Jersey Author of "The Second Coming of Christ",' American Home . Director Emeritus of the China Inland Mission I T IS not the man who determines his objective; His heavenly state. He was, in consequence, an the objective determines the man. Objectives incomplete and unperfected man, but, as he saw are fixed; it is the man who changes. Hence, Christ exalted and enthroned, he fell at His feet as a man thinketh, so he is; and, we may add- as dead and immediately became God's mightiest since a man thinks as he sees-as a man seeth, so seer and prophet. These were transformations he is. Let a man see small and he is small; let by objective, Paul and John and many another him see large and he is large. Let him see near New Testament saint being utterly and forever and he lives near; let him see far and he lives far. altered in character and purpose by looking upon Let him see earth and he is earthy; let him see Him whom to see is life indeed.

heaven and he is heavenly. Objectives are forma- It was in expression of this principle of transtive in their influence, transforming the watcher formation by objective that God set before Israel for woe or weal. Objectives, therefore, are pro- in Old Testament times the promise of a coming ducers of character; of whatever sort it is. Cer- Messiah. From the garden of Eden, when the tain men of old discovered that certain other men seed of the woman was predicted, to the Bethlewere Christlike. Their explanation was that they hem manger, when that seed was brought into had been with Jesus and in seeing Him had be- life and light, God, by all the enticements that He come like Him. could devise, sought to make men look up and on God recognized this principle in Old Testament to the coming of Him who should be called Wontimes. It was not enough for Him to create Adam derful, Counsellor, The mighty God, The everand Eve; in addition, He gave them an environ- lasting Father and The Prince of Peace. It was ment of "all things fair and beautiful." It was this objective which made Israel to differ from not enough to give them to see growing herbage the nations about her and enabled her to become of tender green and fruits and flowers; He gave a separated, holy and mighty nation. That statethem also the vision of the Lord Gop, who walked ment concerning Moses in Egypt, "He endured as with them in the cool of the evening of every seeing him who is invisible," is symptomatic, day. And thus, long later, He revealed Himself being the explanation of the miraculous fact that to Abraham, Moses, Isaiah and many others as Israel has never been assimilated or annihilated. the "Vision Beatific," the sight of whose person In spite of her blindness of heart, she has looked could lift the low to the high, the little to the for a King and a kingdom and so has been strong great, the self-centered to the ~.ltruistic. to endure.

It was this same principle of transformation by Now, it is to be noted that what God did for objective which was so powerfully operative in Israel, He has done for the Church. For He has New Testament times. Take, for instance, the set before His present people, a new and great man Saul, who became Paul: spiritually speak- objective that He may lure them by sight of the coming King and kingdom, to nO,ble purpose and ing, what a small-minded and small-souled man splendid action. He has been frank to tell them he was as he went on his way to Damascus. Of that hard tasks are required. But He has incited course, he thought he was large and great, with them to undertake and accomplish these by the letters in his saddle-bag from the influential San- very splendor of the ultimate in view. As to the hedrin and with the mighty purpose in his breast outcome, think of these statements of the apostle of haling men and women and committing them Paul: to prison. But God suddenly gave him to see himself as he was by showing him Jesus as He was, Do ye not know that the saints shall judge the world? and from that moment Paul was transformed . ….. Know ye not that we shall judge angels? from the paltry. persecutor of Christians into the great apostle to the Gentiles. And think of that other statement made by the apostle John, Or take, f or m· stance, J 0 hn the apostIe wh0 had givIesnawunthtorotnheesman..d.t.h.e.yansdattuhpeoyn ltihveemd aanndd jurediggmneedntwwiaths seen Jesus on earth but had never seen Him in Christ a thousand years.

[571 ]

Such VISIOns of future power and glory are universal kingdom. That was premillennial teach- almost overwhelming! And yet God gives them ing and it then and there changed the whole cur- to us. Moreover and above all, He grants us to rent of my life, for I saw that riches, music, foresee the future, infinite exaltation of Christ as literature and other like things were desirable, King of kings and Lord of lords. And all this is but very secondary, and that the one great ob- to constrain us to gaze upon the glory that ex- jective in life was to prepare the way for the celleth in order that we may pass from glory unto coming of the King. The result was that I gave glory. Israel had a great vision set before her, a my life to missions, and to foreign missions, that babe, a man, a cross, an atoning death, a resurrec- I might do my small part in gathering out God's tion and an ascension. Powerful was the influence elect against the day of Christ's return. Since of this sight upon those who had eyes to see. But then I have become acquainted with hundreds of God has placed before us "the vision magnifical," great and good men in England, America and a coming, a throne, a crown, a scepter, a King, a other lands, who have gone through a somewhat kingdom; and he bids us visualize these things similar experience and have confessed that the that something of their luster and power may fall dedication of their lives to the cause of Christian upon us. missions, at home or abroad, was largely brought The writer of these lines believes in the pre- to pass by the acceptance of premillennial truth.

millennial second coming of Christ. But he would Indeed, I have reason to believe that literally thou- not say that the premillennialists are the only sands of men and women have gone forth into Christians who have an inspirational objective the darkest and hardest places of the earth, con- before them. The postmillennialist looks for the strained by the hope of hastening the coming of personal return of Christ and for a kingdom the Lord. Mr. Hudson Taylor once told me that which, through Gospel preaching, will be estab- the premillennial view was the inspiration of his lished on the earth. And the amillennialists look life and had been the chief incitement that had for a personal return of Christ and a kingdom taken him to China and had led him to form the which will be realized in heaven through the eter- China Inland Mission. Most of his followers have nal ages. By the token of sanctified lives, all the been like their leader, for the large majority of world knows that hundreds of these saints, as the over one thousand missionaries connected with they have looked upon the face of their Lord, have the Mission are in China today largely because been irradiated by the light that comes from His they are looking and waiting for the advent of the person. Moreover, men recognize the fact that Christ.

this light, in the persons of these saints, has been While premillenarians would not compare them- shed abroad into most of the dark places of the selves with others, and would not criticize those earth, until tens of thousands of those who were who differ from them in respect to prophetic dwelling in midnight gloom have come to know truth, they harbor the conviction that premillen- that the splendor of God's sunrising has shone nial views hav.e given them certain important and even upon them. So then, it is our conviction that precious outlooks. I have no right to speak for true Christians who look by faith upon the glory others in this particular, and yet I may venture of the Lord are, each in his own measure, trans- to classify their thoughts somewhat as follows: formed both in life and service. First, this doctrine has made Christ nearer and But the writer cannot leave the subject just dearer to them, and His promised coming more here, for his experiences have been too deep and long to allow him to pass lightly over the value of realized and desired; second, it has given to them premillennial truth, and this as related to mis- a sense of spiritual proportions which they might sions. I well remember the day in Attica, New not otherwise have had, wherein the things which York, when Dr. William J. Erdman expounded to are seen are temporal and the things which are me the meaning of Nebuchadnezzar's dream as not seen are eternal; third, it has developed withrecorded in the ,second chapter of Daniel. I was in them the consciousness that there is only one a young man then-it was forty-nine years ago- thing really worth living for, namely, the gatherand filled with earthly ambitions, to be rich, to ing out, the world over, of the elect of God in excel in music, and to make my name known as a order that the way of the Lord may be prepared; writer, with little thought of saving souls of men fourth, it has formed within them the conviction at home or abroad. But the good Doctor showed that the only-hope of the Church in her pathetic me that God's objective in the present age was weakness, and of the nations in their pitiable disthat of making the Stone smite the image of the tress, is in the coming of the King, the establishnations until it should become a great mountain, ment of His visible kingdom and the dispensing filling the whole earth. This, my friend said, of law and justice such as no king, queen, presi- pointed to the coming of Christ, the subduing of dent or judge has ever been able to bring to pass; His enemies and the setting up on earth of His and lastly, it has given them a desire, and with

WHEN THE DEACON TALKED IN CHURCH

some a veritable passion of longing, to see the With such facts before us, and with the added wrong that was done to Jesus Christ when He was fact that it is indisputable that a large part of here on earth, wholly and forever righted, and the peoples of the earth has been evangelized by this in the very places where He was defamed and those who believe in the premillennial return of dishonored, which is His most just due. This, as a Christ, it seems almost puerile to ask, "Does the total, is the great objective which premillenari- premillennial view cut the nerve of missions?" ans believe God has placed before them, and they Manifestly, it never has; and if those who have as find it uplifting and transforming in all the va- their objective the glorious and impending appearrious walks of life. It is this objective that lures ing of Christ will continue to walk with Him who, them onward and outward as evangels of the King in promising to come again, commanded that His and the kingdom, for in thus doing they seek to gospel should be preached to every creature, it "occupy" till Christ shall come. never will.

When the Deacon Talked in Church * ====;;;;;!JI~- -··+ilfIl!.1=====B;;;;y;;;;W;;;;I;;;;L;;;;LI;;;;A;;;;M=T;;;;.;;;;G;;;;U;;;;N;;;;N;;;;'

IT WAS a warm Sunday in June, and our for- Then he prayed. The choir didn't sing that day, eign missionary sermon was to be given. But but the organ played while the collection was be- we had slept, I may say, through both sermon ing taken. Old Deacon Bright got up to pass the and offering many a time before. The sermon plate on his aisle. He was as fine a man as you didn't seem different from usual; but it just hap- could meet in a day's journey-as good a neighbor pened to come home to the deacon. The preacher and as honest a man as ever lived. He owned a took for his text the verse about, "Go ye into all good two-hundred acre farm, and had a fine family the world and preach the Gospel to every crea- -all members of the church. Jim ran the farm; ture"; and he dwelt on the "go ye." He said it Jack, the second boy, was just ready to go to coldidn't say anything about taking up a collection, lege; and Mary had her diploma as teacher, and but it did say to go, and that the Lord would never was studying to be a nurse. The mother, too, was be satisfied until we went. as fine a woman as you could find anywhere.

Most of us hadn't ever given much, only just The old deacon had been getting considerably enough to look respectable when the plate was deaf of late years, and always sat alone in the ·passed. But the preacher showed us that this front pew. He seemed to be sort of dreaming over command, "Go ye," meant just what it said, and the sermon; for as he rose to get the collection that everybody was included. I always thought plate he began to talk out loud to himself. As far that there was some special kind of call that came as I can recollect, this is what he said: to one here and another there; and that only those who felt the call had to be missionaries. But he "So that 'go ye' means me and everyone of us; said that wasn't in the Bible, and that everybody this is the Lord's plate, and what we put in is was commanded to "go"-unless they had a spe- our substitute for going ourselves; it shows how cial call to stay at home. Even then they were much we love Him and how much we are worth bound to do their best to find a substitute to go to Him, if we don't go ourselves." for them, and to help everyone to go that could. He asked us how we would feel if we hadn't any He went to the back seat, and passed the plate. Christ to go to for forgiveness of our sins, or for The back seats are always full of young men, and help in our trials, or strength against temptations, as they put their money on the plate the old man or comfort in sorrow, or guidance in perplexity; went on: "Twenty-five cents from Sam Jones. no Christ to tell us how to live here, or to tell us My boy, you'd been worth more than that to the about the love of God, and where our loved ones Lord. Ten cents from David Brown, five from went at death. This is what makes life so dark Tom Stone, and nothing from Steve Jackson; and hard to the heathen. In our gifts the preacher forty cents for four boys, and everyone of them told us to think of the Lord's command to us and could go, too; and they's worth at least twentythe heathen's need for us to go. five dollars a week each to their fathers, and only forty cents to the Lord." • Condensed from an old leallet printed by the Ringe Missionary Literature Committee. In the next pew sat Mr. Allen and his family. Mr. Allen put on a dollar for the family, and the old deacon moved away, saying, "The Lord died

for the wife and little ones too, but they have noth- too, on the plate, wife. Jim, my boy, you'd be ing to give." worth far more than that to the Lord." Jack and In front was Judge Purvis with his wife and Mary sat in the choir. two daughters. "Less than the price of one of your dinners down town; half the cost of that So the old man went on from pew to pew until pair of gloves you wear; almost as much as you he came to the front again; and there he stood spent for ice cream last week; one box of candy," for a moment, the plate in his left hand, fumbling were the deacon's comments as the coins fell from in his vest pocket. But he said, "No, that isn't the hands of the judge and family. enough, Lord; you ought to get more than that; you've been very good to me." He put the plate Then farmer John Robb put on a bill rolled up, down, and, taking out an old leather wallet, and Mrs. Robb put on another; Johnnie Robb, a counted out some bills on the plate, and said: "I little envelope bulging with coppers; Maggie am sorry, Lord, I didn't know you wanted me to helped the baby to put on another gift; and the go. Jim will keep mother and me on the farm, old deacon said, "God bless them." now we're getting old; but I won't keep Jack back any longer, and Mary's been wanting to go, too, We were all listening by this time, though we only I wouldn't let her; take them both, Lord." didn't dare to turn round, and lots of us were mighty glad the deacon wasn't taking up the col- Then the old man sat down and buried his face lection in our aisle. in his hands.

John McClay's pew came. "Worth a dollar a Deacon Wise jumped up, and said, "Pastor, we year to the Lord, and two thousand a year to him- haven't done our duty, and we know it. Let's take self," said the deacon. "Seventy-five dollars for up the collection again next Sunday." A chorus a bicycle and twenty cents for the Lord don't of Amens came from all over the church. match, Tommy McClay. Miss Eden, it looks queer for a hand with a hundred dollar ring to drop five The pastor got up, with tears in his eyes, and cents on the plate. said: "My friends, I haven't done all I could, either. I want to give more next Sunday, and I'll "Less than last year, James Stevens, but the give my boy, too." Lord bless you, too. A new house for yourself and an old quarter for your Lord, Alec Bovey. Then we sang a hymn as we closed, but it sounded different than it ever had sounded be- "God bless you, Mrs. Dean. You take in wash- foreing and can give five dollars to the Lord! What! and Minnie has some, too, and wee Bobbie. Love so amazing, so divine, Demands my soul, my life, my all.

"Fifty, seventy-five, eighty-five, ninety; ah, The organist said she believed it went through your dinner will cost more than you have given, the roof, and I guess God thought so too. Mr. Steele. A bright, new dollar bill, and spread out, too, Mr. Perkins; ninety-five cents was for The old deacon felt pretty bad when he found show. A check from Mr. Hay. It'll be a good one, out how his daydreaming had been done aloud; too, because he gives a tenth to the Lord. Two and one or two felt pretty hard at first, but they· dollars from you, Harry Atkins, is a small gift to knew that what he said was true. the Lord that healed your dear wife. That was what started our missionary church, "Ah, Kitty Hughes, that fifty cents never cost and we've kept on ever since. Fourteen members you a thought, and you Marian, only a quarter, of our Christian Endeavor Society have gone out and you could both 'go ye' and support yourselves as missionaries in the last five years-six of our . . . . . . Five cents from the father and a cent each best young men and eight of our brightest girls.

from the family; John Hull and family don't seem Jack Bright? He married the organist, and to love the heathen very hard …… Ah, Mrs. Mc- they are out on the border of Tibet, where his Rimmon, that means a good deal to you; the Lord medical skill is winning a way for Christ. Mary keep you till you join your good man that's gone Bright married the minister's son, and they went . . . . . . Charlie Baker, and you too, Effie; I doubt to Africa. The old deacon has gone to his rest if the Lord will take any substitute for you. Noth- now. I wish we had more like him.

ing from you, Mr. Cantile? not interested, I I have two of my own boys in the work, one in s'pose. Heathens at home; perhaps you're one of India and another in China, and another is get- them. ting ready to go. My name? John Donald. You're "Five cents, Mr. Donald. I don't think you'd laughing? Yes, I was the one that gave only five· want to put that in the Lord's hand; and you, Mr. cents that day; what the old man said about put- Jenkins, no more." ting it into the Lord's hand stuck to me. But I The old man came to his own pew, and as his hope to give the Lord a boy or girl for everyone wife put in an envelope, he said: "Ah, Mary, I ·of those five cents. My two youngest are talking am afraid, my dear, we've been robbing the Lord about going already" You see, the Lord said, "Go all these years. We ought to put Jack and Mary, ye"; so we're going.

of a

-<tUf11 By R. c. TILLINGHAST, New York 11)Be- I LOOKED fondly at my bookshelves. I had been some books in the hospital, where, "men have lain reading of missionaries abroad as well as in for days without a thing to read." Do you know the United States who are far from public of closet shelves loaded with the accumulation of libraries and have very few books and periodicals. a year or more? It is as easy to send them to him They are hungry for such literature but are unable as to your next town and costs little more. Is it to buy. As I looked, the pleasant feeling of pos- not better to use one's own head and heart in session turned to uneasy discomfort as I became choosing various destinations than even to use the conscious that I was a miser, for a miser is one Salvation Army where you can not know how they who hoards what he does not need. My embar- are disposed? rassment increased as I thought how superior a book-lover should be to the selfishness of one who Why save things you will never use? hoards mere money. The feeling grew until I From a college of the Reformed Church in resolved to "bring forth 'books' meet for repent- Europe a professor, who is also an editor and an ance." Some resulting experiences have been so author, writes: "My college has lost all its funds, stimulating as to almost free me from the selfish only the buildings being left …… we cannot order habit of keeping books. Some of these may serve foreign papers …… a real treat to us ……hunothers as an antidote to this seductive habit. gry and thirsty for the best literature." Probably the libraries of clergymen contain a A missionary, who is so far up country in China larger percentage than others of books which are that it took 41 days for his letter to reach me, has valueless beCause they are as out-of-date as last written to thank me heartily for some second- year's newspaper. Had these books been passed hand reading matter. He tells about passing it on when new they might have been useful to many. on and on, speaks of how the cuts in the budget I know of widows who are burdened with inherhave forced them to "dispense with what are really ited libraries which cannot be sold for an aggrenecessities, but commonly are regarded as lux- gate of five cents per volume. There is no such uries-books and periodicals." He tells of a book thing as posthumous generosity. I remember no club through which, "If your friends can spare a promise of blessing or thanks for what is bebook of travel, discussion or (even) fiction ….. . queathed. It seems wise right now to avail ourit will reach over fifty people here and in other selves of the blessing referred to in Acts 20: 35. cities." The young people among whom he works That passage is not generally believed, for if we are "keenly interested." It costs less to mail to believed it we would Jive up to it. The mail, home him a book weighing two pounds than to send it and foreign, brings proof that it is true. I will be glad to assist any penitent like myself to Oregon. who has difficulty in starting a list of donees. By contrast, I saw in a friend's apartment rows The scheme is simple and costs only it few cents now and then for postage. Just take a book from and rows of books which are seldom if ever dis- the shelf, put it in an ordinary manila envelope, turbed except to dust them. The fact that some put on that your return address, and "Secondare handsomely bound and a few were gifts hurts hand Book. No commercial value." Erase any no one but a book-miser like myself. A library notes which may make it liable for a higher rate which was intended as a "lyceum" may become of postage; address it to an appropriate recip- ient; attach llhc for each two ounces for foreign, a "mausoleum." or parcel post rate for domestic, and drop it into the Our sailors and marines on various foreign sta- mail box. Then go out and tell some other miser all about it and laugh at the glassy stare you tions are very likable boys. One of the duties of receive. the chaplains is to provide for the reading-room. From an oriental port where we have about 1,800 of them, "Private Elwin C. Weston" writes of distributing some back numbers of magazines and He that is mastered by Christ is the master of every circumstance. Does the circumstance press hard against you? Do not push it away. It is the potter's hand. Your mastery will come, not by arresting its progress, but by enduring its discipline, for it is not only shaping you into a vessel of beauty and honor, but it is making your resources available.

[575 ]

Medical Needs of the Negroes*

By ANDREW H. CARNEGIE ~- Secretary of the Negro National Hospital Fund .nA .DEQUATE hospital facilities for the Negroes A National Board of Trustees of this Fund has in America constitute a great and crying been organized, with Mr. George E. Wibecan as need, not only for the sake of the Colored Vice-President and Rev. Amos H. Carnegie, race but for the welfare of the White race as well. Executive Secretary. The movement will be in- To supply this need the Negro National Hospital corporated as soon as the other officers have been Fund has recently been initiated, the purpose of elected. This movement is an interracial coopera- which is the establishment of a standard hospital tive enterprise. From all indications the White in every city, where there are 10,000 or more and Colored races are destined to live together.

members of the Negro race. This plan has already It is, therefore, of mutual interest to both groups won the endorsement of the American Hospital that the health of all be the best, for if one is dis- Association, The American Medical Association, eased, it will not be long before others are dis- The American College of Surgeons, The National eased and endangered, regardless of efforts to Hospital Association (a Negro association) and prevent it. Dr. B. C. H. Harvey, of the University of many well known leaders in education, busi- of Chicago Medical School, quoting from the ness, State and Church. United States Public Health Bulletin 174, for Dr. Bert W. Caldwell, Executive Secretary of 1928, says: the American Hospital Association, is deeply in- The mortality among Negroes in cities of the United terested in the problem and has given advice and States is 187 per cent of the mortality among Whites, and encouragement to the movement. in the rural areas it is 149 per cent. As compared with the death rate for the white population, that of Negroes Dr. William J. Walsh, former Executive Secre- from malaria is 344 per cent; pellagra, 327 per cent; tary of The American Hospital Association, has tuberculosis, 236 per cent; typhoid, 174 per cent; puerthis to say: "The need for adequate provision for peral sepsis, 170 per cent; lobar pneumonia, 166 per cent; the hospitalization of the Colored people when Whooping cough, 162 per cent; gastric ulcer, 154 per cent. required, at a cost within their means, is acute These are the diseases that swell the Negro death rate, in almost all localities where there are large num- and they are diseases which can for the most part be prebers of these people; I am convinced that if the vented or cured. Their prevalence among Negroes indi- cates a deplorable lack of medical and sanitary care and leaders among the Negro group will take the ini- education.

tiative in a movement to remedy this deplorable Whatever improvement of a lasting nature situation, the aid of many sympathetic white peo- comes to members of the Negro race must come ple will be soon secured." Mr. Alden B. Mills, as a result of their own initiative. In spite of Managing Editor of The Modern Hospital, which their poverty, they should lead in an effort to solve is regarded as the greatest hospital magazine in their own problems and we believe that $150,- America, said: 000,000 can be raised in twenty years almost alto- gether by Negroes giving on an average of one One of the most pressing social needs in this country at cent per week. the present time is for better facilities for the hospital care of Negroes and for the education and training of The promoters of the movement propose to call Negro physicians who shall be competent to bring to the members of their race the best fruits of modern medical on the Colored pastors throughout the country, science. In so far as the Negro National Hospital Fund who are the recognized leaders of the race, to rally is able to meet these pressing social needs it will assist in one hundred per cent behind the movement and elevating the living standards of a large and important allow the use of the 42,600 Colored churches as body of our citizens. By providing opportunities for professional activity among members of their own race for collecting centres.t the ablest Negro youth, the movement will help to solve t A strong steel bank, provided with a Yale lock will be placed the economic problem which has been the root of some of our racial difficulties and conflicts. If wisely and intel- In each church and the key placed in the hand of the banker with ligently administered, this movement deserves every whom the church dOes business. From week to week the members of the church will deposit their contributions in this bank and each success. member of the church is to make himself a committee of one to win one unchurched individual to Christ, to the program of the local * The Negro National Hospital Fund is a movement founded by church and to the program of The Negro National Hospital Fund. The movement will seU this idea to the pastors and the pastors in the Rev. Amos H. Carnegie, a Methodist Episcopal minister of the turn will seU it to the people, for, after aU, whatever improvement East Tennessee Conference, who was released from the pastorate on comes to the race, must come through the leadership of the pastors. October last and sent out by Bishop WaUace E. Brown of the At the end of each month, a hospital committee, which will be or- Chattanooga Area, to give himself to the realization of his dream ganized in each locality, will take the bank to the banker, have him of adequate hospitalization of the Negro race in America and open it before them, count the contents, buy a cashier's check with proper training for Negro physicians, nurses and social workers. the amount, and send it to the treasurer in New York, who will be The movement Is nonsectarian, but Christian and humanitarian. an outstanding banker.

[5761. While the hospitals will be interracial in man- ment in one payment and get rid of it. Very few agement, until the Negro race becomes capable of people will pay one cent a week. If we can just managing them, they will be owned by the Colored see that the thing is going, twelve millions of us people and managed in the highest interest of all will put it over in a little while."

by their duly elected trustees and their successors. The following are some of the blessings which The whole enterprise will be legally arranged may be expected to come to the Negro race if the from the very start so that it will be impossible program of the National Negro Hospital Fund is for any group of individuals to deprive the race of successfully carried out: their institutions. It will offer high training to Negro physicians, We hope not only to open doors of opportunity nurses and social workers. This will be accom- for the highest training within the realm of the plished by the help of medical schools of the North, medical science to Negro medical students, by af- East, and West, in which physicians will receive filiating fifteen teaching hospitals with as many their clinical training. Each of these medical of the great medical schools of the North, East schools will be asked to take a quota of Negro and West, but to offer them, after they have fin- medical students who exhibit the highest scholas- ished their training, standard hospitals which tic ability, moral character and lofty ambitions.

shall be modern in physical set-up and scientific It will open a door of opportunty for hospital equipment, so that every new discovery or inven- practice and administrative leadership in standtion, contributory to the conservation of health, ard hospitals to Negro physicians, nurses and so- will be placed at their disposal. Sound moral cial workers, which opportunities are beyond character, unquestionable skill and unselfish ap- their reach today. proach to the problem of medical care will be the It will open a door in the clerical field to the unalterable prerequisites of every physician who women of the Negro race to serve as bookkeepers, aspires to a place on the staffs of the hospitals and stenographers and typists, which is closed to them every hospital is to be imbued with the spirit of today. service. It will reduce the enormous death rate in the White leaders in every walk of life are not pre- Negro race, which runs as high as from ten to pared to share the privileges of their institutions twenty times in some sections of the United States with the Negro race socially, economically and higher than for the White population, according culturally, but they are prepared to encourage and to statistics from a very reliable source. assist the Negro to develop his own institutions It will teach the Negro race that they must and derive therefrom the training in independence and self-determination, without which the experi- paddle their own canoe and not look helplessly ence and discipline of life cannot be acquired. to others to do for them that which they can do for themselves. There is a new day ahead for the Negro race, but it must come from within. The Negro must It is estimated that the seventy-six hospitals to decide what he wants and then he must go out and be established throughout the country by the Fund get it. He must learn to exercise rigid economy, will give employment to from 30,000 to 40,000 thrift, simple habits of life. He must begin at Colored people. the very bottom and through a process of Christian education, based upon the impregnable Rock The Negro race will follow honest and unselfish of Truth, as Gladstone called the Bible; through Negro leadership. They want a practical program that has as its objective the uplift of the masses.

the development of rugged character, such as is inspired by hardships; through hard persevering "Don't waste your time in longing for great impos- toil, which is the price of real progress; through sible things, honest, virtuous living, which is the secret of Don't sit supinely yearning for the swiftness of every great people; through peaceful organiza- angels' wings; tion and collective planning; through unselfish Don't spurn to be a candle because you're not a and patriotic leadership in the pulpit, in the class- star, room and in every walk of life, he must forge his But brighten some bit of darkness by shining way forward, and, by God's good grace, he may where you are.

yet teach a lesson of far-reaching importance, not There is need of the tiniest candle as well as the only to this country, but to the entire world. giant sun, Everywhere the colored people of the United The humble deed is ennobled when it is worthily States have manifested keen, fervid interest in done.

the Negro National Hospital Fund. They see in You may never be called to brighten the darkened it the beginning of the physical salvation of the regions afar Negro race, and they promise to rally to it. One So fill, for this day, your mission by shining just man said: "I will payoff my twenty-year assess- where you are." -E. A. Guest.

Dividends in West Africa*

Reported by MRS. EDWIN COZZENS, Elat, Cameroun CARPENTERS, tailors, mechanics, shoemak- must go on to the next town the Spirit of God ers, sawmen, masons and apprentices they would remain to convict the man of sin. Three are usually called; but for the month of days later this obdurate father sought out the July (1933) they were evangelists. The Frank nearest evangelist saying, "I can't eat, I can't J ames Industrial School was closed down in so sleep. My heart keeps saying, 'Repent! Repent!'

far as was possible so that one hundred and Here are my fetishes. I will trust in Jesus."

twenty of the graduate employees and the appren- *** tices might, at their own expense, devote them- "Don't waste your time talking to me. I'm all selves as Christians to the business of winning right. Why, I beat the drum for all the meetings men and women to Christ. July was preceded by in the chapel and I put money in the collection intensive Bible study and many hours o'f prayer and do all the things I should. Go hunt the bad as part of the preparation for the adventure to people."

which we all looked forward. "But the evangelists would not leave such a A prayer meeting at dawn was the start, and man without expounding to him the third and from there the men went in groups to their des- fourth chapters of Romans, "We have all come tinations as far as thirty, even sixty miles out on short of the glory of God; we are justified freely the many paths radiating from Elat. Returning by His grace. Where is boasting then? It is ex- four weeks later, a report hour was held in the cluded by the law of faith." .

Elat Church. Thus another man moved his house from the "We did not experience what we expected," re- sand onto the Rock.

ported Simon Nna Nsim for his group, "but great *** joy far surpassing anything we had believed. Only "We heard that you Tellers-of-the-Good-News the words of the one hundredth Psalm can express were coming but we don't want to hear your Good our joy and thanks." These industrial-evangelists News in this town."

had seen the power of God triumph over many "But we've come to be your guests!" That was untouchable hearts. an arrow which lodged in the most vulnerable "Don't talk to me about God. He killed my wife; point of a Bulu man's pride. So, they broke bread He killed each one of my four children. I was together-Bulu bread, and finally, "Living Bread born into the world an innocent babe; it is He which came down from heaven; if any man eat who should make peace with me, not I with Him." of this bread, he shall live forever."

The evangelists did their best to show the poor *** man that God gave His only Son to bring to us life, abundant life, everlasting life. They talked "You won't find any men in the next town. long and earnestly, reading from the open Testa- They were going off to repair their stretch of ments in their hands; but felt that they had ut- road." terly failed. During the middle of the night one of the group was awakened by this same bereaved The industrial-evangelists went off to the inman who said, "I cannot sleep for my heart tells dustrious road makers. me that it is I who have done wrong, not God." And there, deep in the night, this Nicodemus was "Greetings, brothers!" born again into the tribe of God's children. "Greetings! But we've no time to talk to you today. The policeman is going to put us in jail if we don't finish our road." "Sure enough, and he will. We'd better help *** you." The evangelists set such a pace for work They did their best to present Jesus as the Way, that the townsmen were soon leaning on their the Truth and the Life to a man sitting by his shovels gasping for breath. Ashamed to have own fire. They made one final entreaty before their volunteer helpers outdo them, they kept at leaving his house to which he replied again, "I their job. Soon they suggested going back to refuse. I absolutely refuse!" Immediately his their town to eat, inviting their helpers to accomlittle daughter cried out to him, "0, my father, pany them. "There are no lunch counters in the I'm only a child but I know that God IS. Don't jungle; food had to be prepared. The soul win- refuse, don't refuse!" ners reached into their pockets and laid before the The hearts of these soul winners were troubled hosts that Word which is the Life and the Light for this father and they gathered the next morn- of all men. Into five of those darkened hearts ing before daybreak to pray that even though they that Light shone that morning and Life became • C<Jndensed from The Drum Call, Elat, Cameroun. their life.

[578 ]

WHAT'S RIGHT WITH THE RURAL CHURCH

A leading citizen, a graduate of their own in- out ceasing unto God." At daybreak they began dustrial school, had reverted to polygamy, influ- again to revisit the town. By nightfall twenty encing his whole town in his downfall. All day souls had been won for the Lord whom they had long a group of ten had visited in his town with- trusted. out arousing one spark of interest; without winning one soul for their Lord who had been so Weare told that there is joy in the presence of dishonored by one of their own alumni. What to the angels of God over one sinner that repenteth. do? Go on and mark that day down as a failure? We dare, then, to call you, who have sacrificed No! Prove God to be a living God. The ten evan- that the work of Christ in many lands might not gelists found a house in which they could all sleep be crippled, to rejoice with us over the twentytogether. They divided into four groups, the night three hundred and thirty-two lost sheep who were into four watches; and "prayer was made with- found by these jungle business-men-evangelists during the month of July, 1933.

What's Right With the Rural Church By RALPH A. FELTON, Ph.D., Madison, N. J.

Professor of Rural Sociology, Drew University O NE day while talking with a man in Roch- three thousand counties have from a dozen to ester, New York, I was told that there seventy-five boys in reform schools at a cost of would be no country churches left in Amer- six or seven hundred dollars each per year. Crime ica in ten years. This man said he knew what he is expensive in more ways than one.

was talking about for as a traveling salesman he A high school girl in a rural village was on the spent all of his time visiting churches. verge of being arrested for delinquency. A Sun- This was ten years ago, and I can't see any de- day s~hool teacher took time off from her busy crease in country churches. The 101,000 rural life to win the girl's affection and enlist her in churches in America are, in fact, stronger than Christian living. As a result she is now in college they were ten years ago. Other institutions and preparing for worth-while service.

agencies have come and gone, but the rural church The church is saving countless young people is still the farmers' most loved institution. What from reaping the wages of sin, and at the same makes the church live on through periods when time saving law abiding citizens from paying the other agencies disappear? cost of crime.

The Grange is a powerful force in rural Amer- The church is our most effective missionary ica, with 8,000 units and 700,000 members who institution. Who ever heard of a shipload of are a real social and educational factor in Ameri- Rotarians sailing off to New Guinea or Burma can life. It is the only secret institution to which to give their lives to teach the ideals and prin- the fathers and mothers both belong. But on ciples of Rotary! Today 7,000 missionaries of "Grange Night" the children are left at home. In the church are preaching the Gospel in China, most states the father leaves all of the family at 6,000 are proclaiming "the Christ of the Indian home when he attends the Farm Bureau or a meet- Road," 3,000 more are at work in South America ing of his Cooperative. Rotary, Kiwanis, Zonta and as many in Africa. The church is our only and other service clubs take father or mother, but institution whose members are concerned enough not both and never the children. The girls may for its teachings to carry its message to the ends attend the Camp Fire Girls, and the boys may be- of the earth.

long to the 4-H Club or the Scouts. The church Life on the farm often becomes humdrum. The is the only institution to which the whole family dairy cows do not take a vacation. Canning sea- may belong and which all can attend. In these son in the farm kitchen comes just when a trip to days when so many things tear the family apart, the seashore is most needed. But the Christian the church is still a family institution. It is of message in the church lifts our horizon from interest to all ages; it serves all; it unites all. monotonous chores and limited fields and stifling We hear and talk much today about a "crime kitchen, so that we become a part of God's great wave." It has been estimated that the average universe. We thus renew our faith in Christ and family pays thirty dollars a year in taxes to care become more loyal and effective in carrying out for our delinquents and criminals. Each of our His program for a better world.

A Woman of Ten

, An Appreciation of Helen Barrett Montgomery I -ef I By Her Friend, LUCY W. PEABODY, Orlando, Florida Jie- I FIRST met Helen Barrett Montgomery nearly team in their home, in their church and in social fifty years ago at a missionary meeting. Since life. Mr. Montgomery had a large Bible class of then I have known intimately the life and won- men and was respected for his sterling character derful accomplishments of this great and noble and business ability. These won for him wealth leader. Young, beautiful, radiant with a com- in his latter days, so that these two magnificent pelling appeal, her greeting to me, a young mis- stewards had the joy of giving largely for the sionary just home from India, was that of a highest ends.

friend, not a stranger. We both lived in Roches- Helen Barrett Montgomery was an educator ter, and met often. Later, as Secretary of the more than a mere teacher. After a year of teach- Woman's American Baptist Foreign Missionary ing in Philadelphia, she married, and then began Society, of which Mrs. Montgomery was a mem- her life, chiefly given to Christian and missionary ber, I realized the great power of this young col- education. In 1900, the year of the Ecumenical lege woman, a graduate of Wellesley, and much in Conference in New York, Women's Boards of Mis- demand for lectures before women's clubs, politi- sions formed a committee to prepare books for cal groups and college societies. united study of foreign missions. Following the Her home education was remarkable. Her fa- founder of that committee, Miss Abbie B. Child, ther, head of a boys' school, and later pastor of a I served from 1902 to 1930 as Chairman. During great Baptist church in Rochester, gave Helen her those twenty-eight years we were fortunate to sekeen intellectual inheritance. Her mother, .a bril- cure Mrs. Montgomery as author of six study liant, delightful personality, with a wide range of books: "Christus Redemptor," a study of the Is- interests-primarily in the church-endowed her land World; "Western Women in Eastern Lands,"

daughter with charm, versatility and power of ex- which gave the suggestion of the Women's Mis- pression. As life went on her talents and training sionary Jubilee in 1910 and 1911; "The King's were all consecrated to great spiritual ends. Highway," written after her return from the tour Mrs. Montgomery was a firm believer in wom- of mission fields; "The Bible and Missions,"

an's suffrage, and was active in Rochester's civic called by some experts the best mission study book and educational interests. She served two terms ever published; "Prayer and Missions" followed, as Commissioner of Education-the only woman and, last, "From Jerusalem to Jerusalem," written to hold that position. She was President of the after the International Missionary Council Meet- State Federation of Women's Clubs, and might ing in Jerusalem in 1928. These books had a sale have gone on in these interesting activities to the of more than a half million copies and did much very top. But Mrs. Montgomery's supreme inter- to educate women and girls for the highest mis- est was centered in Christ and the Church. For sionary ideals. years she taught a Bible class, numbering hun- Mrs. Montgomery was the most popular lec- dreds of women. She gave much time to the work turer at summer Schools of Missions. She began of missions in church and county, finally becoming at Northfield when the first Mission School opened Secretary for the Baptist Board in Western New in 1904 and her work extended across the conti- York. Her freedom from home cares, through nent. -the presence of "two mothers" and a devoted aunt, One of her great achievements was the transla- was not from lack of ability or interest and we tion of the New Testament from the Greek, which were often diverted from our major missionary commanded the respect of great Greek scholars.

program to one of recipes. Dr. A. T. Robertson, of Louisville, our first Amer- William A. Montgomery, her devoted husband, ican authority, said: "It is remarkable in its ac- deserves special mention and credit for Helen Bar- curacy and clear expression. I prefer it to Mof- rett's achievements. It was an ideal marriage, fatt's translation." She did this "Just for the joy happy to the very end. She, the intellectual, col- of the work." Mrs. Montgomery had ten talents, lege woman, learned many practical lessons from and she used them all.

him, the keen business man; they made a glorious In the Woman's Foreign Mission Jubilee, which [580 ] we planned one day in Boston, she carried inspira- women, there was nothing to do but to secure tion from coast to coast. The celebration brought funds to found the Seven Colleges for Women of voluntary gifts of one and one-fourth million dol- Asia, with the motto: "Lighted to Lighten." lars to the Boards participating and resulted in With the little Indian lamp as a symbol, the womthe organization of the Federation of Women's en of America made possible the building of Col- Boards of Foreign Missions of the United States leges in Japan, China and India. Though Helen and Canada. Montgomery had taken on the executive work of President of the Woman's Foreign Mission So- She was the only woman ever called to serve as ciety of the Baptist denomination-an absorbing President of the Northern Baptist Convention. task-there was still time and strength for this Wellesley College gave her the honorary degree educational work for women.

HElLEN BARRETT MONTGOMERY A favorite and essential type of mission work in which she was greatly interested was to proof LL.D., while other colleges also conferred de- vide for Christian literature for women and chilgrees upon her. dren in non-Christian lands. Her legacy of $25,000 toward a fund for this department of Out of our memorable trip around the world, work is an example of her wise stewardship.. The with our daughters, came her book, "The King's interest will help the scanty contributions from Highway," over which we traveled together over-burdened Boards. through Egypt, India, China and Japan. Having told a little of what Helen Barrett Mont- The daughters, one from Wellesley and one gomery did, how can we describe what she was? from Vassar, added to the joy of the travels and A loving, lovely, sympathetic, generous friend, an interested great companies of girls from mission ideal woman in her home-life, her church activischools, who begged for women's colleges. They ties, her social contacts, she was deeply, truly have them now. After the trip, not merely around spiritual. Christ, her Saviour, was her dearest the world but into the heart and life of Oriental Friend-always a reality. In these days when men trust so much to intellect, and seem to lose it in a maze of doubt, she, who was always a stu- dent and scholar, retained her firm faith in the supernatural, inspired Word of God.

In later years we met often in Florida, which we adopted ten years ago as our winter home. One more "Missionary Adventure" remained: The Florida Chain of Missionary Assemblies. We had been together at the School of Missions in DeLand, the first in Florida and later, in St. Pe- tersburg. Mrs. Montgomery was delighted to see these links grow into a chain-which now an- nually covers the State.

Last March she came over from St. Petersburg with her brother, Professor Storrs Barrett, and his wife, and was her dear, radiant self. Impaired health did not matter, and days of sunshine, flow- ers and memories, with the group of friends who gathered for the "surprise party" made it a beau- tiful climax to our friendly fellowship here.

Helen Barrett Montgomery has made her own memorial, which will continue. She was interna- tional long before most American women awoke tc, that relation, and realized that the only suc- cessful internationalism to date is Foreign Mis- sions: asking nothing but World Friendship based on faith in the World Saviour. It may be that, in our present dream of making the mission colleges permanent through endowment, we may have a Helen Barrett Montgomery Chair in at least one woman's college in the Orient. This should be made possible by the many whose lives she has blessed.

~' '~

Effective Ways of Working 'Tested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO ~'=I==============================.~ CHRISTMAS MEDITATION congregational singing of carols. In would make a deeply inspiring our program we tried, by entirely missionary presentation. An Suppose that Christ had not been oorn eliminating congregational singing, to abundance of such material is to avoid any interruption to the worship be found in most denominational That far away Judean morn. period, that all might feel the deep literature departments. Excel- inspiration and power of quiet, rev- lent Christmas pageants and Suppose that God, Whose Mighty hand erent worship. plays for schools, churches and Created worlds, had never planned clubs are listed in a catalog leaf- Carols played by a quartet of trump- let by The Woman's Press, 600 A way for man to be redeemed. eters stationed in the lighted tower Lexington Ave., New York City. Suppose the Wise Men only dreamed room drew an audience outside the church in addition to the one as- Christmas Suggestions for That guiding star whose light still sembled within. As the service was Children's Organizations glows to close exactly at midnight, pains had been taken to see that the watches An Oriental slant may well be Down through the centuries. Suppose of all persons taking part were timed given to celebrations this year. correctly. Carefully prepared pro- True stories from our mission Christ never walked here in men's grams in the hands of the minister, work in Japan and China might sight, choir director and pianist gave the be presented under the topic, closing time of each number, so that "Treasures for the King." Dec- Our blessed Way, and Truth, and adjustments could be made with ease orate the room with the usual Light. if the service proceeded faster or more emblems, arranging the chairs in slowly than had been planned. The a circle with alternating red Suppose He'd counted all the cost, items had been carefully timed at re- and green streamers extending And never cared that we were lost, hearsals, and took place in this se- from their backs to a central quence: chandelier. Under the light on And never died for you and me, a small table, set up a miniature Nor shed His blood on Calvary 10: 45 to 11: OO-Carols by trump- Christmas scene of small trees eters, beginning with "It Came Upon covered with snow and icicles. Upon a shameful cross. Suppose a Midnight Clear" and ending with Under these trees have two open That having died He never rose, "0 Come, All Ye Faithful." jewel boxes-one empty, with a gold star pasted on the lid, the And there was none with power to 11: 00 to 11 : 03-Prelude by pianist. other containing strings of pearl save As the last note of the trumpets died beads, rings, bracelets, etc. The away, the pianist took up the same story of "The King's Special Our souls from darkness and the carol and played it softly while the Treasures" may first be read grave! robed choir and the minister took from Mal. 3: 10-17, emphasizing their places. God's special treasures – his *** "jewels" – and stating that we 11 : 03 to 11: 04-Foreword by min- want to bring others to know As far as piteous heathen know, ister. Him too, adding to His jewels, as These things that I've "supposed"- missionaries are trying to do. 11: 04 to 11: 06-"The First Now- Then let each young person who are so! ell," sung by the choir. tells an assigned story of some- one won for Jesus in a mission.. MARTHA SNELL NICHOLSON. 11 : 06 to 11: 09 – The Christmas ary kindergarten or otherwise story from Luke. hold in her hand while she talks CHRISTMAS WITH A MIS- an object from the box of jew- SIONARY KEYNOTE 11: 09 to 11: 15-Carols by choir. els-the first story, perhaps, be- ing about "Rings of Gold," the A Christmas Eve Service 11: 15 to 11: 23-"Service of Lights" next about "A Ruby Necklace," pageant by young people. another about "A String of *Rev Carl H. Olson, of Kent, Ohio, writing in Church Busi- 11 : 23 to 11: 41-A Christmas story ness, says in part: read by minister.

The commercialization of Christmas 11 : 41 to 11: 47-Christmas anthem is a challenge to the Church to re- by choir. awaken an appreciation of the religious significance of this holy season. 11: 47 to 12: OO-Christmas sermon- Last year our church met this chal- ette by minister. The climax of this lenge with a Christmas Eve serv!ce sermonette was an exhortation that which extended throughout the entIre the bells of Christmas Day might find community. joyous echo in the hearts of men, and coincided with the ringing of the bell In many Christmas Eve services, which announced the advent of the the effectiveness of the atmosphere Day. created by dim lighting is destroyed when the lights are turned on for the By having pageant, story, etc., of a missionary application and • Duplex Envelope Co., Richmond, Va. giving the sermonette the same Copyrighted. keynote-all most appropriate to the occasion – the foregoing [582 ]

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

Pearls," still another about the winner is the one who fans lated, for the most part, to the "Diamonds Rare," etc. through goal first. theme for the corresponding Every Christian may have a part and may bring extra jewels Good handwork would be mak- month. When a member reads for the King, to put into the ing a Japanese garden as a gift a book, he checks it, and if he empty box. Let the members for Mother at Christmas. "Use reads an additional one, he lists suggest what we may place a china bowl, a piece of low pot- it in a blank underneath. What within it: Our money, our pray- tery or a pie or cake tin; a small a widening of horizons that ers, acts of service at home and mirror for the pool of water or amount of good missionary readin community and, best of all, else moss arranged to use real ing will accomplish in each life. "A Christmas Gift of Self." As water; small pebbles for paths, these are enumerated, emblems etc. Make some green things Among the titles of the such as small red hearts or other growing by sprouting carrots or appropriate articles wrapped in monthly meetings are: World silver and gold tin foil, white sweet potatoes in a glass. A ten- Highways; The Highway to the cards inscribed with individual cent store can supply wee names to represent gifts of self, bridges and people to walk in the West; Highways of Goodwill; etc., are to be deposited in the garden, or these can be molded empty box. It is suggested that from clay or putty or carved Setting Sail; In and Around in boys' organizations, nuggets from soap. Tokyo; Seeing the Country, etc. of gold, bags of silver and such The foregoing suggestions like would be especially attrac- Leading thought questions are: tive, the parallel being that have been taken from "The (1) What are the qualities or Window of Y. W. A.," a publimany lads in other lands or com- cation of the Women's Auxiliary characteristics possessed by our munities in our own land would of the Southern Baptist Conven- pioneer leaders? Wherein do tion. they differ from the qualities we need today? (Blanks provided for written replies.) (2) What are my attitudes toward the Jap- anese Americans? Would I be become real gold treasures for High Lights of Some Litera- willing to (a) Meet them sothe King if they had an oppor- ture Packets cially? (b) Admit them to our club? (c) Fellowship with them tunity. As a souvenir there may be pinned on each child a red bell Your Department Editor was in the church? (d) Form friendinscribed with the name of a pleased to note at summer con- ships with them? (e) Entertain Chinese or Japanese missionary. ferences the attractive forms in them as guests in the home? It would be Oriental to send which missionary literature is (3) When you think of Japan, around invitations to s u c h presented nowadays, even to the what comes to your mind? (4) Christmas-missionary functions delight for the eye of exquisite As world Christians we discover on a tray-just one, not a whole coloring and artistic decoration. all people are more alike than supply, on the tray at one time, Real down to date psychology is different. Record here racial the tray-carrier being in J ap- manifest, also, in the adaptation qualities or characteristics which anese costume and doing his of subject matter to the natural seem to you to be universal. (5) work with much bowing and interests of the various age As we leave Japan, we carry groups. The Editor will be memories of Christian men, greeting. Oriental curios such as Jap- pleased to pass on the high lights women and youth who have anese parasols, vases, prints, of denominational literature dis- helped us to know and underfans, etc., should be used to dec- plays and packets whenever they stand their country. Record orate the meeting place. Ohaio are presented to her for review. here your impressions of the is the word of greeting; Sayo- The United Christian Missionary Japanese people.

naro that of departure. To Society has an attractive buff In a similar program guide, create a merry atmosphere, a program guide for its High-Tri "Toward Understanding," to be few native games may be played clubs, the outline taking the used among young people's mis- beforehand. In "Japanese Ball" membership on an imaginary sionary circles, some suggestive one bounces the ball very hard, trip among Orientals in the topics for consideration or meditrying to whirl around and get United States, then on to Japan tation are: (1) What seem to be back into position ready to catch for six months. During the first the most outstanding problems the ball, then trying to hit it period a statement or question which the Japanese-American back to the floor instead of han- for each meeting proposes for faces? How can we help in solu- dling it. This should be done consideration some problem as it tion of these problems? (2) five times in succession. relates to the individual in the What are my own interests?

"Japanese Volley Ball" re- group life. During the second Are they contributing to Chris- quires each player to use a fan. period the guide becomes the tian growth and development?

The goal is made by putting two Travel Book in which members (3) In what way does our books on the floor a foot apart. are expected to record the names church share with the Japanese Then a three-inch square of of interesting places they visit, in the United States? (4) What tissue paper is to be fanned people they meet and types of are the religions of Japan?

through the goal from the start- missionary work that impress What is their appeal to youth?

ing line six feet back. Each them. The "Book-of-the-Month" (5) What is the appeal of player has a separate goal, and page suggests a book that is re- Christianity to me? In what

way is it a vital part of my life, come a globe of the world. Hesi- our Church in the face of Roman interests and enthusiasms? (6) tantly touching and seeming to influence in Mexico? Why send missionaries to a cul- gaze into it, she turns to the tured, educated people like the Your Help Wanted! Japanese? Write your answer audience and tells what she sees from time to time. This subject Your Department Editor is to this question beforehand. matter may pertain to the begin- ever on the alert for "Ways of Would you revise it after the nings of missions in general or Working" that have approved discussion? If so, how? (7) in any given field, certain faces themselves in action. What a joy What do I think of the Nation- seeming to stand out as the story it is when usable material is sent alistic theory that "Nations can proceeds. At an appropriate in. Have you something triedlive to themselves"? How do we point, costumed folk enter softly and-proved-good that might be gain or lose by wholesome rela- from behind the gazer and en- passed along? While plans for tions with other nations? (8) act a scene with dialogue, then all departments of church mis- What are the reasons for Japan's softly slip out again. In this sionary activity are acceptable, foreign policy? What is the at- way a fascinating story is told, there is an especial dearth of ma- terial for pastors and Sunday titude of Japanese Christians? with action to make it seem real. school workers. (9) Can I be a Christian and be- The second crystal gazer relieve in war and the preparation places the first presently and **• for it? Could I participate in it? says: "A glorious past. But we Mrs. T. J. Hopkins, of Wayne, (10) Has Christianity made any cannot dwell in the past. What Pennsylvania, a program builder impact on the everyday world in of the present? May I read of note, has sent an outline used Japan? If so, in what ways? what I see?" And in this sec- at a national gathering in Wash- (11) After studying Japan have ond episode, missions are pic- ington, D. C., on "Building the I gained any new facts? Formed tured, in narrative and action, Nation Beautiful" which will apany new attitudes? Decided on as they are today. The future is pear in this department next any procedure of Christian left problematic in a soul-search- month. She has already subethics? ing way as it hinges on present mitted an outline for a year's acute needs. The close is an an- meetings on the theme, "God's An instructive recreation de- swer to the challenge. Harvest Field," in which the scribed in the packet of litera- monthly topics – usable in any ture is called "What? When? The number of dramatic group-are: "The Field" (Fer- Where? in The World Call- sketches in this packet shows tile Soil); "Preparation of the this being the denominational how much this best-of-all ways Soil" (Pioneers of Yesterday) ; magazine. The method is to di- of vitalizing the truths of mis- "Sowing" (Neglected People, vide the participants into Groups Migrants, Frontiersmen) ; "Sun- A, B, C and D, giving to each sions is being used by wide- shine and Rain – God's Part" group three magazines (of dif- awake workers. (When Christ Was Born – a ferent dates) and twelve ques- Christmas Playlet); "Cultivations. Working together, the ••• tion" (Teaching, H e a lin g, group must find the answers in Preaching) ; "Reaping" (Inthe magazine and write them out In The Luther League Leader, gathering Through Christian or check the page on which each an organ of the American Luth- Centers); "Binding" (Brothermay be read. A time limit- ran Church, questions for study hood Through Good Citizenpossibly ten minutes-is set, the ship), and "Storing and Sharwinning group being the one and discussion reveal the amount ing" (Stewardship R 0 u n d which is through first or which of real thought young people are Table). A Mothers' and Daugh- putting into their mission study ters' Banquet and a Book Refinds the most answers in the nowadays. Some outstanding view meeting were interspersed time. questions are: among the topical sequences.

"Missions Through a Crystal" Do you find any reason for a A budget isn*'t s*um*s to me; is an excellent program device friendly internationalism in It's happy school girls' faces, which may be worked up with Paul's address from Mars Hill? any subject matter in any de- (Acts 17: 26-28.) It's tired, sick mothers getting well, nomination. On a stand at the How do national leaders have front is placed a globe of the responsibility for changing the It's light in gloomy places. world draped completely with a viewpoints of the people as did It isn't just long columns full square of white cloth. A candle- Samuel? (1 Sam. 12: 20-25.) lighted room is preferable for Of "headachy" addition, this gazing scene. The leader To what degree do you think It's missionaries sailing out says there are present two crys- the truth in James 4: 1-3 is back tal gazers who can see into the of warped national points of To fill a Great Commission. past, present and future, telling view? It's you and I, who'd like to go, the audience what they see. The How does the preaching of And send our gifts to prove it. first of these sits down before Christ's Gospel influence the How wonderful a budget is ! the globe, gently removes the world for peace? silk scarf from it and starts It lives, and so I love it. when she sees the crystal has be- Has the Church a right to ex- press a public declaration on the -Edith G. Estey, in The question of international rela- Watchman-Examiner. tionships? (Mat. 10: 7-15.) What is the evident duty of The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK by their prophets, probably more missionary enterprise, steward- ship, and a practical leadership than Chinese who lived the training course. Groups inter- truths taught by their leaders. Yes, there is but one God the ested in dramatics, music, life- Father from the beginning who saving, and nature study were is ever seeking to express Him- also cared for. self in the sons of men; and Jesus was born Son of God and The editor seems to recall that Son of Man. some one in Honolulu said the name Kokokahi means "of one The Christian records show that Mary was not disobedient blood." One is reminded of the to the heavenly vision. "Mary Chinese saying, "Under heaven, said, 'I am here to serve the one family." Lord. Let it be as you have said.''' When Mary listened to the story of the shepherds on the birthday of the little one and heard what was said about the child and that the angels sang of "peace on earth goodwill among men," we are told that "she treasured it all up and mused upon it."

Sometimes we Christians for- get that there was a Holy Fam- ily,-father, mother and child; and that within such a family, Joseph protected mother and child by flight to Egypt.

And "Jesus increased in wis- dom and in stature, and in fa- vour with God and man."

From the New China. YOUNG PEOPLES' CHRIS- Are we Christians preparing TIAN CONFERENCE now for His advent so that in MODERN CHINESE our land the shepherds and all MADONNA At Kokokahi on Kaneohe Bay, shall hear the angels' song on the annual conference for young In our Western world the Ma- people between the ages of 16 Christmas Eve? donna is Mary, mother of the and 25 was held August 26-Sep- Christ-child. Often in China, tember 2. From breakfast at 7 young Chinese women students a. m. to "Lights Out" at 10 p. m. who know that in their tradition the days were filled with wor- even five hundred years before ship, recreation and work in Christ there were prophets or study courses such as How We teachers of men who taught a Got Our Bible, Beginnings of the way of life similar to the Chris- Christian C h u r c h, Missions, tian way, ask "Why should God young peoples course for leaders, not have come as the Christ- and a discussion course on child among us?" And one an- youth Problems. The univer- swer can be that there was a sity age group studied "the im- goodly "remnant" among the plications of the Christian reli- Jews who lived the truths taught gion for social life"; also the [585 ] Why the Church of the Cross- Church of the Crossroads this roads? in part as follows: last summer in an open, covered "The spirit of Hawaii during the pavilion where during the week years from 1915 to 1923 the year the children of the neighborhood in which the church was organ- had gathered for activities and ized was definitely turned to- which for the Sunday services ward interracial cooperation, had been made a churchly place and the intermingling of racial with a simple altar with the groups in business life and so- cross and exquisite lilies. A lay- cial life. Racial lines were not man asked for volunteers to so important as they used to be. come one hour before services Language was no longer a bar- the next Sunday to prepare the rier. Some· of them were eager place of worship. He also called to meet together in religion." attention to the children's handi- REV. AND MRS. GALEN R. WEAVER The Hawaiian Board of Mis- craft work outside the pavilion. sions met the request of young During the meditation period, CHURCH OF THE CROSS- people of various racial back- ROADS grounds for a service in English, a beautiful victrola selection and known as "The Young Peoples' the far view from the open pa- Friends from afar sent Aloha vilion strengthened the bond in May, 1933, to the Church of Service." Attendance averaged existing among the Christians the, Crossroads, Honolulu, T. H., about 100 persons. of several races who "resorted for the tenth anniversary of the with one mind in prayer." founding of the church. Jane In May, 1923, the Hawaiian Addams wrote from Chicago: Board approved the recom- The place was filled with the fragrance of the beauty of holi- The Church of the Crossroads seems mendation of the Religious Edu- ness and life. to me a singularly successful and an cation Committee "that the reunusually brilliant effort to unite quest of 61 applicants for a For your Christmas program through participation in a common cause, people of varied origins and church be granted, and that the send for Services of Worship for experiences. I predict that its his- Secretarial Council in conference World Understandihg and Peace, tory will long be cherished as that of with Mr. Weaver shall take steps a pioneer in a path so often needlessly toward the organization of the 15c; C rea tin g a World of beset with insuperable difficulties. Friendly Children, 25c; A Mes- church." Kagawa, from Japan, wrote: sage to Christians of All Lands.

I am glad to send a message to your Rev. Galen R. Weaver has MISERERE ehurch's tenth birthday. It is very interesting that your church represents been a very true pastor to the God have mercy upon us miserand serves so many nationalities, and group since the organization of that in the Hawaiian Islands you able sinners, have a Christian brotherhood, to some the church. The present par- God have mercy upon us misextent, of all races. May it be per- ticipating constituency of the fected! And may God bless your erable sinners. church to that great end! ….. . church (that is members, asso- For our ignorance and our greed ciates, and attendants in Hono- We must have a world awakening. lulu and active in one or several which have brought to I do not say "revival," for here in the parts of the program totals about Orient we have not yet heard the Gos- 250 of whom 80 are in adult di- multitudes starvation in pel, so I use the term "awakening." vision, 85 in young peoples' di- the midst of plenty. Please pray for all nations, for the Lord, have mercy upon us. so-called Christian nations, and for the mission field. In Honolulu, where From sense of our own virtue at you can look out on all the world, both eastward and westward, you can have some slight charity to the the truly international viewpoint, and do much to bring the world together unemployed, in the Christian world brotherhood, the world family of God our Father. Good Lord, deliver us.

The Rev. Norman C. Schenck, From luxury and display, while of the Hawaiian Board of Missions, answered the question, many have not where to lay their heads.

Good Lord, deliver us.

From spending billions for bat- tleships while the unem- ployed live upon a crust, Good Lord, deliver us.

MEMBERS OF THE CHURCH OF THE That it may please Thee to guide CROSSROkDS, HONOLULU, EXAMIN- us quickly into the good ING THE ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE life in which there shall be peace and plenty; a· WE'EK-DAY SCHOOL vision, – and the rest younger. sharing of labor and leis- ure and joy by all the On other islands, there are 39 members. There are seventeen children of men, members on mainland United We beseech Thee to hear us, States, and eight in other coun- good Lord.

tries. The editor worshiped -From "Prayers for Self and with the congregation of the Society," by James Myers.

AMERICA unions, but a closed shop on reli- runs one story, "and never saw a

gion, especially as regards the steadier set of officials than the Century of Progress Campaign 'Leadership Group' made up of ones that have comprised these officials and office workers. In meetings, which have been well Midnight evangelism by wom- this connection, an advertise- attended. The drouth-stricken en was a feature of the Century ment for a stenographer for the areas are ghastly in their ap- of Progress threefold Evangel- mill specified 'none but active pearance, but the men have said istic Campaign, conducted in a Christians need apply.' Prayer that those grieving the loudest congested district of Chicago's meetings have been held since are the non-religious and non- West Side, under auspices of the 1916, and since the day now has members of the churches."- Presbyterian Church. A com- two shifts the meetings are at 6 Christian Advocate. mon experience of the women in a. m. and 2 p. m. The whole at- charge was to find girls under mosphere of the mills has Giving of Poor and Rich the influence of liquor attracted changed in these 18 years. There to the meeting, and to be able to has been friendliness, a better A recent book by Robert R. help some of them physically, spirit, and more.important still, Doane, "The Measurement of morally and spiritually. Anoth- the people are happy and con- American Wealth" makes clear er activity was the nightly open tented. Through all the labor that in the prosperous year 1929 forum, when a mixed group of upheavals that have occurred, only 13% per cent of church and 150 to 180 persons-educated this mill has come through un- benevolent contributions came and uneducated, bolshevists and scathed." from persons with an annual in- atheists, communists and other come of $25,000 or more. Those radicals-gathered in the chapel U.ndaunted in Drouth with incomes from $3,000 to of Third Presbyterian Church to $25,000 gave 18% per cent of discuss social, economic, political It is reassuring to read re- all that was contributed, but and religious problems. Ques- ports from drouth stricken areas those with incomes of $3,000 and tions were presented by the au- of the West, and find that faith less gave 68 per cent of the total. dience and answered by newspa- and courage have survived. A When it is remembered that in per men, lawyers, business lead- Methodist district superintend- 1929, a total of 1,122,650 per- ers, college professors, clergy- ent in Nebraska says: sons made income tax returns men and political and social showing incomes of $20,055,- authorities. "Our churches are rallying 000,000 but deducted from those marvelously. In this worst hit returns gifts to charity totalling A third feature was the eight section almost every church will only $380,000,000 or slightly less o'clock evangelistic me e tin g meet its estimate in full. Of sev- than two per cent it is evident when the Gospel was pr.esented enteen churches not more than that the economically better off directly and simply to men and one or two will fall below, and class of Americans have not giv- women of all walks of life. Defi- most of these will attempt to en till it hurts. nite acceptances of Christ were raise the same salaries next reported daily. year. I have never seen such -Presbyterian Tribune. heroic self-sacrifice on the part Prayer Solves Business of both ministers and churches." Curbing Drunken Drivers Another writer from the same Troubles area declares: "The hardest hit An Independence, Kansas, folks are showing the most faith daily newspaper is using this John E. Edgerton, President and vision. The greatest com- unique method to rid the streets of the Lebanon Woolen Mills in plaining is done by those who of drunken drivers. When a citi- Tennessee, believes firmly that have the most. My admiration zen of Independence is arrested Christian principles will cure for the great majority of the for drunken driving he is likely any labor trouble or any other ministers and for many laymen to appeal to the local paper to kind of trouble, if they are not has been heightened by the way keep the matter out of its col- only believed in but practiced. they are facing up to the crisis. umns. Whereupon the editor "Some mill workers in the South No church has refused to make places before the favor-seeking may excel in leading strikes," an estimate for next year." driver this pledge: says a press report, but in the Lebanon Woolen Mills they are Iowa is not. behind in the The undersigned, having been ar- able to'lead a prayer meeting. midst of overwhelming disaster. rested for drunkenness and fined in ,The factory is an open shop on "I have held 21 conferences," the police court of Independence, [587 ]

wishes to have no mention made of ments – religion and crafts. Indians. This work began in the incident in the Dail" Reporter. Classes will be held during the the year 1834 under Rev. Thom- In case no mention is made of this week as well as on Sunday. The as S. Williamson, M.D., at Fort incident we promise to leave liquor only requirement is that each Snelling, Minn. The first Indian alone, and in event that we get into child or adult registered must be church had seven members, and police court again for reason of enrolled in both departments. from this beginning the church "breaking over," then the Reporter has grown to 1,475 communihas our consent to publish a news Courses will be elective, and cants, in 39 churches. story concerning the same, as well as include: Bible study, religion to mention the particulars of the case and biology, normal training -Presbyterian Banner. which caused us to sign this pledge, and likewise the fact that we signed class; confirmation class, church Broadcasting in Alaska it. res ear c h, religious forum, church history, wood cutting, Recently the broadcasting sta- More than a hundred citizens printing, process printing, ec- tion in Anchorage, Alaska, was of Independence have signed this clesiastical embroidery, piano, equipped with the latest and pledge up to date. Only three boys' choir, first aid, weaving, most efficient machinery for have broken it. In all three cases broadcasting. In the fall of 1932 the newspaper gave the full scout craft, camp fire craft, sea- the minister of Anchorage First story to the community. manship, Indian craft, Indian Presbyterian Church made ar- lore, knotting, leather tooling, rangements with the station for -Christian Century. model building, cooking, wood a weekly broadcast of religious carving, folk dancing, sewing services during the winter. The Spiritual Service for Hospitals station agreed to give the use of and dramatics. its equipment for such offerings The Federation of Churches as could be secured from the lisof Rochester, N. Y., has engaged Lutheran Strength teners-in, seeking as a goal $10 a Dr. Frederick Palmer to visit Sunday. Measured by the interhospital patients in the capacity In 59 cities of the United est shown, it was a success from of personal counselor and Chris- the start. Missionary E. L. Wintian friend. Rochester's fifty States the Lutherans are the terberger writes: "We have a hospitals, public and private, board of deacons of 12 members with more than 1,048 patients, largest Protestant denomination. appointed from those who are were thus visited in 1933. One interested, and we issue yearly of the hospitals was so much Among these cities are Albany, certificates of membership to all impressed by Dr. Palmer's serv- those who make contributions. ice that it sent courtesy cards to Buffalo, Chicago Dubuque, Du- The missionary speaks to men, all the ministers of the city. The women and children, the messuperintendent of the Highland luth, Detroit, Milwaukee, Minne- sage of life and hope as they sit Hospital writes of Dr. Palmer's about their firesides, away off in work: "I have so many times apolis, St. Paul, Toledo and the remotest cabins. Two Eskinoticed the beneficial physical mo boys up at Wainwright heard results following the visitation Wilkes-Barre. In 28 cities they the services and asked Dr. Greist of patients by a spiritual adviser if it would be all right if they that I am of the opinion that you are the second largest denomi- took down the sermon and gave are actually a part with us in the it to their people in Eskimo on work of the hospitaL" nation, the list including Cleve- the following Sunday."

Taking Care of Leisure Time land, New York, San Francisco –':"'Presbyterian Banner.

The Church of the Ascension and Tacoma. Lutherans are first LATIN AMERICA in Chicago believes that the church of today has two great in number in eight States,- Whole Family Won problems: First, the teaching of religion; and second, the Michigan 199,694, Minnesota The Baptist Church of Barteaching of the proper use of ranquitas, Puerto Rico, had esleisure; since wit h shorter 483,905, Montana 19,339, Ne- tablished a preaching point in a working hours for adults, lack home about six miles out of of playgrounds and recreation braska 130,826, North Dakota town. One evening the pastor for children, the devil has ample found a congregation gathered, opportunity for the use of idle- 134,424, Pennsylvania 604,684, but no meeting place, because, ness. This church has accord- the owners of the house were ingly worked out a new plan for South Dakota 90,190, Wisconsin away. Preparations were made its school. for an open-air meeting, when 484,348. -So S. Times. an invitation came from a neigh- "The child being father of the bor to hold services in her home man, the child in the Sunday Dakota Indians Conference This family had not accepted the school is certainly father of the Gospel. After giving the mes-. man in the pew," says the an- A most interesting commemonouncement of the new plan, ration of the 100th anniversary which provides for two depart- of Presbyterian work among the Sioux Indians was observed at Fort Peck Indian Reservation last August. One thousand per- sons attended the conference. Each family brought its own tent. Ten churches of that sec- tion of Montana acted as hosts, delivering daily rations to the tents. These consisted, among other things, of 20 head of- sheep, 10 head of beef, a number of pigs and $800 worth of gro- ceries. Each evening a group of 200 persons presented a pageant representing the various stages of progress of" Christian mis- sions among the Sioux Tribe of

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

sage the pastor extended the in- Continuing, the letter says: experience. Dinner-hour meet- vitation to those who were "Yesterday I saw the Minister ings have also been held in facwilling to accept Christ as their of War again, and demonstrated tories; hospitals, schools and Saviour. The first one to come the hand grenade and the billy centers of the unemployed have forward was the owner of the …… The demonstration of the been visited, and 3,000 children house, followed by his wife, and hand grenade was ……entirely have been gathered nightly to then the remainder of his family successful. The Minister of War listen to Bible stories. -six young people; and finally asked your best price on 100 bil- -So S. Times. three young men from the neigh- lies and 200 hand grenades." borhood, making a total of elev- Simavi in Holland en who were converted that Morris Schools Nationalized night. This grouping of letters rep- The Argentine philanthropic resents a new contribution to the -Watchman-Examiner. schools and institutes, popularly formation of alphabetical names. known as the Morris Schools, It stands for six Dutch words: Convinced at 87 Years are being taken over by the na- "Steun In Medische Aangelegen- tional government. Rev. Wil- heeden Voor Inheemschen," i. e., A Bible Society worker, con- liam C. Morris organized and Assistance in Medical Matters versing with a fervent Roman administered the schools over a for Natives. This charitable or- Catholic of 87 years of age, in a period of about 30 years. These ganization assists medical missmall village of the state of San schools have been the outstand- Luis Potosi, made him see clear- ing philanthropic work in the sion work in the Dutch East Inly the difference in the Ten Com- Argentine republic. In 1930, 6,- dies, the German work in Nias mandments which appear even 200 children were enrolled in in the Catholic Bible, and the ten them, and 330 orphan boys and and Sumatra and the Basel Misdeficient commandments which girls were housed in the orphan- sion in Borneo. appear in the Catechism of Fa- age. In the course of those years ther Ripalda; at which the old 140,000 Argentine children have The founder of Simavi was a man was very much surprised, passed through the Morris Dutch medical missionary, Dr. saying: "Eighty-seven years schools. The work has been sup- Hubertus Bervoets, who died have I lived, and I had not seen ported by private contributions July 22, 1933, in Java. He volthis bait held out to the inno- by Argentine citizens and by unteered in 1894 with his bride, cent." He invited the colporteur public spirited foreigners resi- expressing the urgent desire to to speak to all the people of the dent in the republic. In recent be allowed to carry the Gospel village "in the name of God and years the schools have also re- to the natives of Java. He was of the truth." He went person- ceived a considerable subsidy the first medical missionary in ally to give the invitations and from the national government. eastern Java and worked with ordered that the bells of the Upon the death of Mr. Morris in his wife up to 1909 in the hos- Catholic church should be rung 1932 these schools found their pital Modjowarno, to the great -there having been no priest in continuance uncertain. The de- blessing of the people. He began this church for some time. The velopment of the government people congregated, enthusias- school program had lessened the the training of native medical tically listened and bought copies need as well as the. appeal for helpers. He also founded a leper of the Bible. their support, resulting in a asylum. The last commission heavy deficit during the past two given him by the colonial gov- -Bible Society Record. years. A bill providing for the ernment was to build a hospital nationalization of the schools re- in Patio This he was no longer Missions or Hand Grenades? ceived final approval by the sen- able to finish. Dr. Bervoets and ate and was converted into law his wife worked in this field for The Living Church quotes Sept. 28. more than 37 years, their motto from a letter read into testimony being, "He who enters the servof the Senate munitions inquiry. ice of missions, has made his Rev. Paul Young, sent to South choice for his whole life!"

America by a Christian mission- -The Christian Century. French Novelist's Conversion ary board to preach the Gospel, The Methodist Times and wrote to his brother, who is EUROPE president of Federal Laborato- Student Soul Winners Leader, London, tells of a re- markable religious awakening in ries, Inc., makers of gas bombs Eighty-five undergraduates of France which is taking place in and machine guns, as follows: "We have just spent a week Cambridge University, both men the Roman Catholic Church, and of joyful life at this Indian sta- and women, have held a ten days' is going far towards influencing tion. It was a blessing to us and evangelistic campaign in the thought and remodeling life in the two devoted girls who live manufacturing city of Oldham, that country. A remarkable at this post. Six or eight In- England. Open-air meetings thing about the movement is dians expressed a desire to fol- have been held nightly at twelve that one of its leading spirits low the Lord. They have had the places, where crowds varying and most effective evangelists is desire before but have been from 75 to 300 have listened to a novelist of note, Francois pulled down by sin. Indian work the testimony of these students Mauriac. He was born in 1885, needs a great deal of prayer." regarding their own Christian and in 1922 succeeded in produc-

ing a work which placed him in AFRICA Slrull Worshippers the front rank of writers of his time. Later, he experienced con- Demand for Literature The forests of Spanish Guinea version, and thereafter devoted his literary gifts to the service Except in Arabic-speaking are still full of idols, and the of Christ. With a sensuous book areas, Africa is still without a in hand at the time, he re-wrote native literature. Now, with the Okak still ardently worship the it, condemning his former writ- demand for education increasing. His influence is now said to ing, Africans are beginning to skulls of their ancestors. Pracbe widespread and profound. read for pleasure. Missionaries add the writing of books to other tically every hut contains a box Socialists Return to Church absorbing and ·exacting duties, and African authors are increas- or basket of family skulls. In One result of the riotous up- ing. In South Africa some notaheaval at Vienna last February ble literary work has been done each tribe is a "priest" or leader has been the great flow of social- by Africans, and in East and ists back to church membership. West Africa authors are appear- of their worship. When some- Daily papers spoke of 10,000 ing. In 1933 the International having rejoined the Roman Institute of African Languages thing has gone wrong in the Catholic Church in a few weeks, and Cultures, in response to a and many are also joining the competition, received 87 manu- town, a misfortune, loss of Protestant churches. Some 2,- scripts written by Africans in 300 joined one church alone. five different languages on a va- wealth, sickness or disaster, the While the motives are partly ma- riety of subjects. This awakterial and partly political, many ened desire for reading material men gather together the skulls are doubtless moved by desire has' led to the formation of the for better things. Bible Society International Committee 0 n and adjourn to the forest shrine. colporteurs are taking advan- Christian Literature for Africa, tage of the unusual opportuni- supported by a number of mis- The priest is there; the skulls ties not only in Vienna but in sionary societies in England and Graz, Linz and other places. One America. Its bulletin, Books for are heaped into a pile, and the colporteur in Graz, in his house- Africa, goes to over 2,000 misto-house visiting, found himself sionaries in Africa. The maga- idol is placed on top; the people in the midst of a crowd of armed zine Listen, printed in simple socialists. They at first took him English for schools and village are seated on the ground. A for a spy and threatened to hang people, is used in East, West, him, but he showed them his bag and South Africa, and material chicken is provided, and as the full of Bibles and New Testa- from it is translated into a numments, and they let him go. ber of languages. priest wrings its neck over the -Bible Society Record. -C. M. S. Outlook. pile, the blood is sprinkled over Temperance in Russia Boys' Club Wins the skulls and the idol. The Russia, drastic in everything, In the sfums of Cairo a boys' spirits of the ancestors are then is also drastic in seeking to curb club was started by the Church intemperance. Thomas Murray, of England mission less than addressed. Offerings of food Secretary of the Scottish Tem- ten years ago, in the face of perance Alliance, describes their strong Moslem opposition. Ser- are placed at the foot of the pile method in the Christian World. mons in local mosques denounced The advertising of liquor is pro- the Christian effort, Arabic and the men return to their hibited, and vodka shops merely papers thundered, neighborhood intimate 'Vodka sold here,' walls were scribbled with "Be- town. The wife of the priest sometimes adding, 'But you are ware of the Missionaries." From advised not to buy it.' At the a vacant lot across the street cooks up the food and the priest entrance to factories there is a mobs collected stones and bricks miniature model cemetery with and hurled them night after has a feast. If the men complain little crosses, on which appear night; three times the premises the names of workers who are were nearly wrecked. Courage that the trouble continues, the inefficient through drunkenness. and faithfulness on the part of- The names remain there until Egyptian helpers backed up the program must be repeated with reformation takes place. If be- English missionaries, and the ing made a laughing-stock does work developed. Now a new more elaborateness, and a dounot produce the desired result, building and a playground octhe 'habitual' is given a commu- cupy the very lot where the bling of the food offerings. But nal trial by fellow-workers and stone-throwers collected their sent to an anti-alcohol clinic." missiles. for all that, many prayers once addressed to wandering spirits are now ascending to the true God. JOSEPH McNEILL.

Benito, West Africa.

Unity in East Africa A united communion service at Kikuyu in 1913 marked the first definite step toward unity, and this was followed in 1918 by the formation of the .East Africa Protestant Missionary Alliance which affirmed the three great principles of faith in the Triune God, firm belief in Holy Scrip- tures as the Word of God, and regular use of the two sacra- ments, Baptism and the Lord's Supper. There was a variance regarding ordination, but this Alliance declared its purpose to work in as close harmony as pos- sible with other missions. In 1932, with the South India scheme for union in mind, a con- ference was held in Nairobi of delegates appointed by the Scot- tish, Methodist and Anglican Churches, and a representative committee was formed to work

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

out a draft Basis and Constitu- as a medical missionary of the Anatolia College tion. This was published in L. M. S. among the same Bak- July, 1933, and expressed a hope wena people from 1845-1852. The crowning achievement of that this might be a starting There is now a strong mission a strenuous decade was realized point for a much wider union of church there. An agreement on June 17, when the new Churches in East Africa. has been made between the camP1:ls. of Anatolia College at L. M. S. and the United Free SalomkI, Greece, and the build- -C. M. S. Outlook. Church of Scotland, whose rep- ings so far as finished, were resentative Dr. Shepherd is, d~dicated. President Ernest W. Helping Ovimbundu People whereby the activities of this RIggS believes that this was a historic station shall be carried most successful inauguration of Dr. W. E. Strangway, who on henceforth by the United Free the second decade of the service has just returned to his work at Church. There will be no sev- of the college. The friendliness Chissamba, Angola, writes for erance of the church life from of the Government, the Church the United Church Record of the its parent stock, the L. M. S. and the people shown at that encouraging outlook among the Church of the Bechuana, but time was most gratifying. A Ovimbundu people. "The chil- both bodies will form a common class of nineteen graduated the dren do not have to be urged to membership, working toward valedictorian being an Arme'nian attend school. They are all the ultimate aim of an indig- who spoke in Greek. At the afgrateful for the opportunities of enous African Church. There filiated School for Girls 32 dieducation. In almost every case will be no break in the existing plomas were granted, making 51 the classroom is filled to capac- Advisory Council nor in the na- young people going out this year ity. The church, too, is rapidly tive ministry. This is a new to take their share as capable increasing her membership. venture in missionary coopera- and public-spirited citizens in Seldom a service passes without tion. The actual erection of the Macedonia and the Near East. some making application to join Hospital buildings is an illustra- A former student has put the one of the catechumen classes, tion of the use of native skilled college in his will as a residuary and €ach time there is a com- labor. legatee, hoping that this will munion service a large number ultimately provide for the erecare received into full member- -South African Outlook. tion of another building, plus a ship." student scholarship fund. THE NEAR EAST Most of Dr. Strangway's time INDIA is spent in hospital work, and he The Christian Council says: "Gradually are we gain- Why Christians Are Needed ing their confidence as they lose The Near E a s t Christian faith in the witch doctor and the Council was organized eight The editor of Dynanodaya medicine man under whose spell y.ears ago to bring into coopera- thinks that the Bishop of Dornathey were so firmly held not tIon groups of missionaries un- kal spoke very much to the point more than a decade ago. Only a known to each other. Twenty when he said recently to the few years ago, when we asked missions united at the start; Medak Indian Christian Assothe lepers from certain com- thirteen others have come in ciation: munities to come for treatment, during the past six years. The the elders and chiefs laughed at Council area comprises eighteen We Christians are necessary factors us, saying that our medicine countries-M 0 roc c 0, Algeria, in the future of India. How? India would surely fail. A number of Tunisia, Tripoli, Egypt, Sudan, today is drifting away from all rethese outcasts have now returned Abyssinia, Palestine, S y ria, ligion. Our people are today more to their native villages with the Turkey, Cyprus, Greece, Bul- materialistic than 100 years ago and leprous sores cleansed, and no garia, R 0 u man i a, Albania, nationalism has now become the'relitrace of the dread disease re- Arabia, Iraq and Persia. In gion of many of our leaders. India maining. Ovimbundu people are these eighteen countries are 181 has been known as a land of religions very appreciative of any help we Christian organizations, with a and the people of India are nothing give them and express their sin- total of 1,997 workers. Through if not religious. Next to the Jewish cere thanks in many different standing committees, coopera- nation, I can say without any fear of ways. Many of them return to tion is attempted in Christian contradiction, that Indians are incorus every year to tell us the story literature, evangelism, educa- rigibly religious. That sacred heritage of how they have been helped." tion, rei at ion to Eastern 1S now threatened…… Materialism churches and work for Jews. and godlessness are threatening the Living.stone Hospital The Council has, after eight future of India. The old gods and years, succeeded in sharing ex- religions of India have ceased to The establishment of a med- periences, reporting causes of satisfy the thinking people. We Chrisical mission at Molepolole marks failure, pooling as far as pos- tians believe that Christianity is really a notable advance in medical sible their resources, preventing the .religion that will satisfy religious service in the Bechuanaland overlapping, and promoting in IndIa; and the onset of no-religion Protectorate. Dr. P. M. Shep- some cases united action. cannot be stopped except through alherd is opening up the tracks of legiance to Jesus Christ. The reli- David Livingstone who worked -Bulletin. gious nature of the Indian nation will respond to the truth of the revelation of God in Jesus Christ. There is an- other reason why Christians are a necessity for the future national life of India, and that is the growth of corruption in public life. Weare not

ignorant of the bribes, official inter- Drink Reform Needed through His servants in spite of many ference, underhand machinations that failures, ….. in view of the greatness are becoming too common at election The Madras Christian Council of the task which awaits us in the times. Giving of bribes to electors, in August passed a series of century to come …… and finally, in and receiving of bribes from candi- view of our own weakness and utter dates, are polluting our civic life. resolutions with reference to insufficiency, of our need of wisdom What can Christians do at this junc- present social and economic and power from on high, ……thereture? We ought to be the conscience problems; among them one on foreof the country. God has given us a drink reform: conduct superior to others. 1. Resolved, That throughout the (1) That in the opinion of this coming year, we give ourselves most A Christian Procession earnestly to prayer every day, thank- Council the Christian public must ing God for mercies received, humbly Ahmednagar, one of the confessing before Him our shortcom- American Board stations, has work for the extinction of the trade ings and sins, and waiting upon Him witnessed drastic retrenchment. for a mighty outpouring of the Holy Somehow the impression got in intoxicants for the following three Spirit ….. . abroad that Christian work was collapsing. When Easter came, main reasons: (a) That from the 7. Resolved, Finally, that a similar the Indian leaders, of their own call be sent to the older churches in accord and uninspired by mis- economic point of view the manufac- the U. S. A., by whose faith and sionaries, decided to have a pro- prayers and gifts the work was becession of Christians through ture and consumption of intoxicants gun, and who are still helping us to this city of 50,000, singing is mere waste. (b) That from the carry it on, asking them to pray with hymns appropriate to Easter. us and for us throughout the year. They said we must let the non- medical point of view it is injurious Christians know that the Chris- to the public health. (c) That from -Presbyterian Banner. tian movement is not dead. In this same district, because of re- the moral and religious point of view Baptist Telugu Mission trenchment measures, the responsibility for evangelizing the it is an impediment to the full de- From the Report of the Amervillages has fallen directly on velopment of the highest type of life, ican Baptist Telugu Mission, Indian leadership. This last South India, we find the total year has been marked by the whether individual or corporate. population is 7,648,139; mission baptism of a considerable num- stations are 28; missionaries on ber of Hindus, their preparation (2) That the ultimate goal of any the field, 78; organized churches, being entirely the work of In- 337; churches self-supporting, dians. Drastic retrenchment Temperance Movement is the creation 145; church members, 110,690; has brought its problems, but In- of a public opinion which accepts and and baptisms for 1933, 4,776. dian leadership has accepted its In 952 Sunday schools there challenge. acts on these propositions. were 27,550 pupils. The number (3) That the Council appeals to of ordained preachers was 67. Legislation on Temple Girls the churches to study the problem There has been a revival in Some of the more progressive the Kurnool field, with large in- Indian states were the first to from the religious standpoint, and to gathering. During the year introduce legislation which made some of the Christians were the dedication of girls to temple discover and live up to the full im- called to undergo persecution. service illegal. A few years ago Some were unj ustly thrown into the Madras legislative council plications of Christian discipleship in jail because they refused to vote passed an act by which this evil for certain officials, and others was met in the Madras presi- this matter. were imprisoned for refusing to dency. Last week the Bombay participate in Hindu worship. legislative council passed a bill (4) That the Government be urged Fiery persecution came to a which is more or less on the lines beautiful Komati girl of fourof the Madras legislation. Ac- to use all possible methods to educate teen years, and often her back cording to the bill just passed the rising generation on the economic, was covered with welts from the dedicating a girl or woman as a cruel rod. Her testimony was, devadasi (servant of the god) in hygienic and moral aspects of the "You may take my life, but I any place in the presidency of question. will not deny Christ." Bombay, even if it were to take place with the consent of the (5) That in the opinion of this -Watchman-Examiner. person dedicated, is prohibited. This ancient custom is attended Council the dependence of the Govern- CHINA with grave evils, for the girls ment on the liquor traffic as a regular thus dedicated become in reality Far East Awake prostitutes. source of revenue must be injurious The 97th Annual Report of· -The Christian Century. to the public welfare, and they would the Board of Foreign Missions therefore urge: (a) that steps be of the Presbyterian Church sur- veys the present situation in taken to find other methods for re- China, Japan and Korea: placing the revenue; (b) that so long All barriers and opposition seem to have vanished; the anti-Christian as any traffic in liquor continues it movement of a few years ago is should be taxed as highly as is pos- sible, short of driving it into illicit channels; and (c) that so long as any revenue from this source continues to exist, it be set aside for capital ex- penditure. especially for grants for original outlay on scientific research, medical or other philanthropic proj- -Dnyanodaya. ects.

Another Centenary November 5, 1834, marked the founding of Presbyterian missionary work in India, with the arrival of Dr. J. C. Lowrie in Ludhiana. It was from this Punjab station that, in the dark days of the Indian Mutiny in 1858, went out the call to prayer which resulted in the Week of_ Prayer throughout the Christian world. Early in this centennial year a similar call was sent out: In view of the completion of a cen- tury of Christian work by our Mis- sions in India, of God's great goodness to us throughout this long period and of the great things He has wrought

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

drowned in an ocean of interest. An ism, he said that this reverence or a certain organ designated by unbelievable harvest is waiting. The is more of a cultural than reli- the Central Government to look harvest is not only waiting; it is be- gious character, more accurately, after matters relating to drouth ing gathered…… The Japanese a school of philosophy. This prevention, its functions to be to Christian leaders feel that the Ap- does not detract from its value, direct and guide the farmers in praisal Commission tended to idealize or the greatness of the character the cultivation of late crops and the native faiths of Japan and did not of its founder. see them as they really are, "that they cereals which mature quickly, saw Buddhism and Shinto from the The Government holds in the seed to be directly supplied; front and not from the rear," as equal esteem all rei i gi 0 n s, to investigate actual conditions Doctor Ibuka, President Emeritus of whether it be Buddhism, Mo-. in the stricken areas and direct Meiji College, put it. They also say, hammedanism, Christianity, or farmers in the irrigation of "We want to make it clear that to any other faith. It also expects their fields; to make plans for neglect preaching in the pioneer stage all religious sects in the country the apportionment of seeds for of evangelism in which we find our- to maintain an attitude of toler- winter sowing; to supervise selves does not fit the national con- ance towards all other religions various districts in the creaditions obtaining in Japan" …… The besides their own. The Govern- tion of emergency organs for the "All Korea Evangelistic Campaign," ment will not, for instance, hold relief of the drought; to regulate in which Presbyterian and Methodist Buddhism in special favor be- the supply of foodstuffs in the Churches united, began during the cause of its desire to pacify the affected areas and stabilize the preceding autumn with a season of people of Tibet; nor will it hold price of cereals; and to prohibit prayer and study in the Churches de- Mohammedanism in special fa- making wine out of cereals. signed to deepen the spiritual life of vor because of its wish to pacify the members……after which the the Mohammedan people, Presi- 2. A drouth prevention fund churches and the missionaries distrib- of $1,000,000 be specially approuted 1,400,000 copies of a twenty-four dent Wang said. page "Life of Christ." priated, of w hi c h $800,000 -Chinese Affairs. should be expended on the pur- The Ohristian Population English Language Banned chase of seeds for distribution The National Christian Coun- among the farmers, and the balcil has attempted to compile statistics of the Christian popula- As an evidence that the ance of $200,000 to be used as tion connected with all non- Chinese are increasingly nation- administrative expenses. Roman churches, and of the -Chinese Affairs. number of foreign missionaries. conscience, desiring to preserve This has been the more difficult because national churches cross their country from cultural indenominational and missionary lines, but the following figures vasion from outside lands, Prof. Ohristian Rural Service Union are considered approximately Henry Huizinga of the Univercorrect: sity of Shanghai cites the re- The Kiangsi Christian Rural 1923 1932 cently adopted rule of the gov- Service Union is an organization ernment in Nanking, that no of Chinese and Western Chris- Communicants …… 402,539 488,539 signboards of Chinese stores in tians who feel the call to help Under religious in- Nanking may henceforth carry build a new rural citizenship to fit the new China. The work struction ……… 292,857 239,655 English words. Professor Hui- area is Lichuan Hsien in South- Ordained Chi n e s e zinga writes further: "In many eastern Kiangsi on the border universities Chinese professors of Fukien, one of the recently re- clergy ……….. 1,966 1,865 are no longer allowed to lecture covered Communist areas. The Foreign missionaries. 7,663 6,150 in English. In many parts of project is to be manned chiefly by young Chinese Christians The Church of Christ in China both teachers and stu- with special training, who, for China, comprising "the Presby- dents must wear clothes made nothing more than a bare living, terian and Congregational com- only in Chinese style and of cloth will dwell in the midst of the munions, ….. also small groups woven in China. At the recent people, identify themselves with of independent and Baptist National Athletic Meet in the their needs, and work with them Christians," with a communicant capital city, the English lan- in solving their problems of remembership of nearly 120,000, guage was drastically banned building life. In this area deis by far the largest group, the structive social forces have long China Inland Mission coming from the athletic fields. Church been at work, leaving poverty next with 77,000. services, prayer m e e tin g s, chapel, and many other kinds of the underlying menace to an -The Church Overseas. student meetings which used to orderly and abundant life. Inde- be held in English are now ex- pendently financed, the project Religious Freedom clusively in Chinese." President Wang Ching-wei has reaffirmed the principle of -Missions. religious freedom. It cannot be attained, he pointed out, except To Oope with Drouth leaders will be quite free to through religious tolerance-re- bring the principles of Chrisspect for other sects and faiths. The Ministry of Industry has tianity to bear upon the acute Referring in particular to the approved a series of measures to problems of the countryside. national esteem for Confucian- cope with the drouth problem, The general plan is one of using providing that: local village men and women 1. A special organ be created who, through the "training-in-

service" method, will be molded show what this service has JAPAN-CHOSEN into leaders in their own com- meant. Gospel Towels munities. The movement is fi- "One poor fellow, lying on his nanced largely by Chinese Chris- bed in a state of extreme ex- Every Japanese has a towel tians. haustion was too far gone to somewhere on his person or near -Agricultural Mission Notes. speak, we were told. After sev- by. Accordingly, Kagawa con- eral of the other sick ones in ceived the idea of putting a peace that ward had been spoken to, message and a graphic portrayal Missionary Requirements we sang a hymn, which was fol- thereof on towels, and distrib- In the midst of all the hazards . lowed by a few words of ex- uting them to help Gospel work. of living in China – bandits, planation. Suddenly from one For example: "If these should murder, pirates – a rigorous of the beds a man called out in hold their peace, the very stones search for ways of strengthen- quite a loud voice, 'I believe on would cry out" (Luke 19: 40), ing Christian leadership is get- the Lord Jesus.' Looking round, together with a whimsical sketch ting under way. Problems of we found to our amazement that of Jesus' entry into Jerusalem missionary and Chinese Chris- the words came from the lips of when these words were uttered.

tian leadership are being ap- this dying man, whom we had Kagawa him s elf distributed proached simultaneously. A been told was too ill to speak. 5,200 of these among the lepers small survey team is starting a "We were standing in the throughout J a pan at New study of the situation. For ward when we saw a man beck- Year's. Another Kagawa towel about 16 years the question of oning to us. On going to his that has done valiant service has missionary training has received bedside we found that he was to do with Moses crossing the no attention nationally. The Na- very sick with fever, and unable Red Sea, and bears a quotation tional Christian Council has now to speak coherently. After a from the Gospel hymn, "The appointed another committee on time we understood that he was Lord will provide." missionary training. Chinese -Watchman-Examiner. leaders must, it is agreed, in- telling us that, when well, he A "Living Epistle" crease both in numbers and in- had attended one of our Gospel fluence. Missionaries, it is ad- meetings, and now he asked if Mr. Takasaki, member of a mitted (except in some mis- we would pray with him. Upon prominent firm, has retired sions) must decrease numeri- doing so, a patient in the next bed remarked, 'He knows how cally, and learn how to wield in- to pray himself. He has always from business and is taking an fluence in subordinate positions; prayed before having his food!' active part in the Japan Methbut both need strengthening along the same lines. Their Then another one, whose face odist Church. Seeing its weakpreparation must be more thor- beamed with happiness, said, 'I ened financial condition, which ough. It must make both effec- am praying to God three times every day, in the morning, and meant the closing of church after church and the dismissal tive agents in social rebuilding. at midday, and in the evening.' of minister after minister, Mr. They must be equipped for a new Another one told us 'I am so Takasaki accepted this problem program which is yet, speaking happy to be trusting in the Lord as his special mission. He enin the large, to be discovered. Jesus Christ. -The Christian Century. couraged the laymen to form a -Chinese Recorder. laymen's assocation whose im- mediate objective was the rais- For Wounded Soldiers Mission to Mongolia ing of the shortage due to the withdrawal of mission funds. Over a year ago Madame The first Chinese missionary The work was attempted in a Chiang Kai-Shek expressed a to be sent to Mongolia by a very spiritual way. Mr. Takadesire that something be done to Chinese church is J en Ta-lin, a saki began to move about the bring the comfort of the Gospel graduate of the Theological De- different churches, paying his to wounded soldiers in the large partment of Shanghai College. own expenses, talking to laymilitary hospitals in Nanchang. He has been appointed by the men; and he put the problem Immediately three groups of Chinese Home Mission Society up to them, asked them to pray Chinese and foreign workers to preach in Mongolia, with Wu about it. and took no subscrip- Shan-lien, a preacher who has were organized from the various been working in Kalgan for the tions. This movement went on missions of the city. After con- quietly and he was able to an· sultation with the medical offi- past ten years, as his associate. nounce recently that twenty-five cers in charge, weekly visits They will spend a year in Inner thousand yen had been sub- Mongolia, preaching in all the scribed for 1934 and that fifteen were arranged, and have been principal places. The opening continued ever since. Over thousand was already in hand. 2,000 Pocket Testaments have of schools in Mongolia will be This money comes from a memo . been distributed. In addition to considered by the China Home bership of 1,549. The money the weekly service, visits are Mission Society should this visit has been raised without any paid to serious cases in the prove successful. urging or special appeals, but – Watchman-Examiner. simply by placing the facts bewards. The following incidents

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

for the people and asking them The chapel at the "Widely mitted, but with the proviso that to pray about it. Loving Society" Orphanage and "work must never be more than -United Church Record. Poole High School for Girls in eight hours at a time, and not the diocese of Osaka were totally after nine o'clock in the eve- Bible Distribution in Japan destroyed, with the loss of 18 ning." The penalty for a breach The Bible House in Tokyo, lives. of the law is imprisonment for just off the Ginza, the main busi- Typhoon Hits Osaka not more than a year, or a fine ness street, consists of eight up to Yl,OOO. While progress stories above ground and two Tiles flying, tin roofs ripped has been noted in Tokyo, little below. The money was given by off and carried away, windows change is apparent in other large Mrs. Russell Sage in memory of smashed and blown in, wind and cities. rain pouring in and making -The Church Overseas. her husband. The American Bible Society havoc inside houses, buildings began its work in Japan in 1837 and fences crashing down! Such Korean Ohristians in Japan in brief is the sketch of the storm but an agency was not estab- whose very centre struck Osaka The Union Christian Church lished until 1876. In these years about 8: 30 on September 21. for Koreans in Japan has been of service more than 13,000,000 organized, and most of the evanvolumes of the Scriptures have Down near the harbor the waves gelical denominations express rushed in sweeping boats and willingness to cooperate. been distributed and three times wreckage far inland. The conwithin the past decade the year- crete piers were destroyed, leav- There are now 45 fully organly distribution has been more ing only the iron girders standthan 900,000 copies. ing. Mud three or four feet ized churches with 18 other reg- ular meeting places and 2,288 Last year the Japan agency deep came along with the water believers. Work for young peo- ple is relatively strong with 42 employed twenty-one full-time and settled in the streets, houses Sunday schools having an enrollcolporteurs who traveled over and everywhere. Many were ment of 2,448; 54 Daily Vaca- 34,000 miles, visiting 339,063 drowned; more were killed by falling buildings, telegraph poles tion Bible Schools with some homes and institutions. Last or flying tiles from the roofs. 2,778 children in attendance; year the agency secretary, Rev. An express train from Tokyo- and 28 Christian Endeavor So- Karl E. Aurell, skillfully guided Osaka was laid on its side on cieties with a membership of the activities of the work so as the bridge crossing the Seta- 792. The Christian educational gawa, near Kyoto, when over work for Koreans includes 24 to put more entire Bibles into one hundred people were killed circulation than in any preced- or injured. In Osaka, sixty-four night schools with an enrollment of 664, and seven kindergartens ing year of the Society's history school buildings were blown with 235 children in attendance.

of Scripture distribution in Japan.

Doshisha Losses by Typhoon down, killing some eight hun- While the Korean people in Japan are for the most part very The most destructive typhoon dred children. Up to Septem- poor and often unemployed, the ever recorded in modern history ber 28, there were 1,646 deaths c h u r c h contributions totaled of Japan swept over the western reported in Osaka Prefecture Yen 13,529.00 last year. part of the country, particularly alone with 8,813 injured, missthe Osaka-Kyoto district, with -Japan Christian Quarterly. unprecedented violence on Sep- ing 316 persons. tember 21. About 3,000 men and Church property and the Ohildren's Bible Clubs women were killed; 13,000 injured; 100,000 houses demol- Church Orphanage were de- Bible Clubs for children have ished; 300 primary and second- stroyed in Osaka and the Chapel had a steady growth in the four ary school buildings collapsed. of Our Redeemer was totally de- years since their beginning. The result of investigation at the Doshisha showed: stroyed. New clubs have been formed, Fortunately, the weather that and the leaders, practically all of King Dormitory, given by whom are students of Union President King of Amherst Col- morning prevented the children Christian College and Academy lege; gymnasium, archery and from holding their Morning have developed in their leader- ship of children and in their Service in the Chapel; otherwise many would have undoubtedly been killed or inj ured.

wrestling rings of the College of Protection for Ohildren loyalty to our Bible Club spirit. Commerce; wrestling ring of The Bible Club program has its the University; bicycle cottage In October, 1933, a measure center in the now fully developed of the Middle School had col- was placed on the Statute-book Ceremonial of Worship, which lapsed; and J unka Hall and Col- in Japan which is a charter of is followed once each week in lege of Commerce were partially freedom for many children. It every Bible Club. During the collapsed, while many roof tiles reads as follows: "No child ceremonial the children sit in and windows were broken. The under 14 may be employed as a rows forming. a large square, total damage suffered at the waitress or geisha where alco- while they conduct the program Doshisha is estimated at Y93,- holic drink is being served." entirely by themselves. The Certain exceptions are per- program inc 1u des sentence 750.00.

prayers and reciting of Bible Of the native races in North GENERAL verses. Twenty to thirty lead in Borneo, of which there are prayer, and as many as fifty roughly 150, about fifty can be The Missionary Job stand and recite Bible verses. called Dyak, but the most im- The entire Club then rises and portant people are not the ab- Dr. Lewis B. Franklin, Viceas one of their number leads re- originals or Malays, but the Chipeats in unison the words of nese. One result of Christian President and Treasurer of the Luke 2: 52. work among these Chinese is that the Gospel is beginning to Episcopal National Council, told There are now fourteen Bible take root and to grow in Chinese Clubs in the city of Pyengyang soil. It is not merely that they a diocesan conference at Newwith an enrolment of over 1,500 believe in the religion of the mischildren. Similar Bible Clubs sionaries; they are beginning to port, R. I., what, in his opinion, have been organized in near-by make Christianity their own. country churches until now they is a clergyman's missionary job: number ten. The Club children -The Mission Field. carryon work for the slums and "An aroused laity can always during the past year some sixty Witchcraft in Papua bushels of grain, over two hun- manage the financial side. The dred pieces of clothing, also Mr. Russell Abel writes of the kindling wood and other neces- fearful grip of superstition upon pastor's job is not to collect sities of life, were distributed the natives of New Guinea: among the poor. They also gave money but to create atmosphere; thirteen yen and thirty-nine sen "This morning I turned from for the cause of Korean Foreign the round of pressing duties to to build a background of con- Mission work in Shantung, have a long chat with a young China. couple in great distress of mind. verted people who will support .They had been converted about a ISLANDS OF THE PAOIFIO year, had clutched at every op- the campaign. Members must portunity to learn more of the The Gospel in Borneo Christian life, but blackmail and be educated to share their in- the fear of sorcery had driven The first missionary sent to them into serious compromise, come rather than give of their North Borneo by the S. P. G. until at last they had lost the went out in 1887. For a time he faith that had been theirs. surplus." was the only missionary there. He used to travel hundreds of "An old sorcerer was in love In dealing with missionary miles up and down the coast with the young woman. Infurlooking after all the isolated iated by her Christian stand and sermons, Dr. Franklin laid down planters and government offi- her resistance to his perpetual cials. He made it his duty to advances, he had put them both four points of procedure: (1) visit each one of these at least under a powerful 'spell.' In once a year, enduring many Papuan eyes they were 'be- Attract Attention. (2) Arouse hardships. He once went to the witched,' and therefore as good Philippine Islands to baptize a as dead. Every native knows Interest. (3) Create Conviction. child, and Customs officers what will happen when that grim opened his baggage and confis- word is pronounced by a sor- (4) Produce Action. The parson cated his clerical collar, because cerer. 'Teacher, we would be they said he was a Protestant lying if we said we were not should (1) Visualize, (2) Perand had no right to a collar! The frightened,' said the woman. baptism had to be camouflaged 'He bewitched three members of sonalize, (3) Vitalize, (4) Dramas an afternoon party, otherwise my family and each one died.' Spanish authorities would have "Your turn next," he says.' atize. As for material, "use put a stop to it. "We laid the whole problem your sanctified imagination." This pioneer, Rev. William H. before the Lord. I told them of Elton, built the only stone church one now working for God in Read magazines, books and in Borneo; very few in the east Sidea, who had been marked are better. In 1914 he retired, down to die just as they were, pamphlets, but make them your and there has been continued who prayed, trusted, and lived, growth on the foundations he while the sorcerer who had un- own. -The Churchman. laid. There are now six pastors, dertaken to bewitch him had of whom three are European and himself died raving in our hos- Oentury of Women's Work three Chinese. A new school pital here. But the hold this has been opened at Jesselton for black magic has upon the peo- The official history of womboys, and also a school for girls. ple's minds is nothing short of en's work in the mission field is hypnotic." just a century old. It was in 1834 that the first women's mis- -Kwato Mission Tidings. sionary society was founded in response to a definite call from the field. In July of that year a number of women representing leading churches in London met in the same building where the C. M. S. had its beginning, and a committee of 24 was appointed for "Promoting Female Educa- . tion in the East." Within the first fifteen years of its history the society had some twenty women missionaries at work in India, Ceylon, China, Palestine and South Africa. Today no fewer than 526 single women and 265 married women are serving the C. M. S. – a total which is more than double that of the men on its roll.

-C. M. S. Outlook.

o Cross, how is it I can sing thy praise? Thou art like precious warmth on win- ter days! -Utsunomiyu, A Japanese Christian Leper. Our Missionary Bookshelf Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information Reminiscences of Livingstonia. By drained pastors and 33,000 superstition and witchcraft, as . Robert Laws, C.M.G., M.D., D.D., Christians. A large central mis- he came into contact with them, sion station was built at Band- the peculiarities of the language, LL.D. Illus. 8 vo. 272 pp. 6 sh. awe; health conditions had the building up of the native net. Oliver and Boyd. London. greatly improved under his med- church and the extension of the ical care and sanitary work. The work into outlying districts. 1934. slave trade is no more; peace There are also chapters on other prevails among the native tribes missions and popular accounts Dr. Laws, who has been called and the mental and' spiritual of the fauna and flora of the to his reward since this book country. The book is a valuable was written, was one of the most outlook of the people has so contribution to the annals of remarkable missionaries of re- changed that they are a truly missionary history and an excent times. He spent over fifty- "new creation." "Old things are cellent companion volume to two years in Nyasaland and was passed away; behold all things "Laws of Livingstonia." greatly beloved and honored by are become new." Dr. Laws all who knew him. The story of and his associates built well on The Rainbow Bridge-A Study of his life and work, as told by W. good foundations. He not only Paganism. By John Strong New- P. Livingstone in "Laws of Liv- preached the Gospel but he lived berry. Pp. 346. $3.75. Houghton ingstonia," is one of the most it. He not only taught the peo- Mifflin. New York. 1934. stirring and noteworthy biog- ple .to read and write but he taught them carpentry, farming, In spite of its attractive title, raphies that have ever been and iron work so that many fascinating style and display of written. It is a story of heroic have become skilled mechanics, learning and documentation, this pioneering, of unswerving aim artisans, nurses, teachers and book is very disappointing. preachers. Dr. Laws never lorded and faithful service, of victory The author has a theory to over difficulties and trials, of it over the natives and did not support, namely that Totemism miracles of transformation, and do for them the things they is at the basis of the origin and spiritual harvests reaped in the development of all religion. "The lifetime of one man in one field. should learn to do for them- earliest example of religion," he selves. He endured many hard- says, "was the worship of a Robert Laws went to Nyasa- ships and suffered much sick- beast. This creed of the caveland in 1875 and was the first ness; he passed through numer- man developed into Totemism, white man to reach the north ous dangers from wild beast which circled the globe." end of Lake Nyasa. At that time tribal warfare and the slave and wild men and had some We read in the Foreword, trade were flourishing and 1,200 thrilling escapes. His life was "This tale of beasts and men and slaves were being taken across demi-gods and gods traces the the lake annually by Arab slave full of trials, sorrows and dis- history of paganism from the dealers. Raids and fighting were appointments but also of joys Stone Age to the Age of Perikles. I have undertaken to analyze the almost continuous. It was a and rewards of service. The ideas that formed the basis of wild, unhealthy, unsubdued coun- guidance and power of God were the religious cults of the cavetry. The first school was opened constantly evident. men, the Sumerians, the Chinese at Cape Maclear, on the south and Japanese, the Hindus, the end of Lake Nyasa, with no These reminiscenses are also Egyptians, the Persians, the Heequipment. The lid of a provi- brews, the Phrygians, and the sion box, held on one pupil's valuable since they give first- Greeks, and to co-ordinate these knee, with a paper on which was different racial attempts to exthe alphabet printed by hand, hand information as to the ex- ploit the supernatural, thus showing how the beliefs of the constituted the first school book. periences passed through in savage evolved into the creed of During Dr. Laws' lifetime this the most enlightened race of ansmall primitive school increased founding and building up the cient times." to 644 well organized schools in the district, with 1,347 trained great Livingstonia Missio.n. Full credit is given to Dr. Laws' asnative Christian teachers and sociates in his humble but vivid 28,330 pupils. There were also narrative of events in which he 37 native churches with 15 or- was the chief actor. Some of the most interesting and inform- ing chapters deal with African Any of the books noted in these columns wiI1 be sent bY' the REVIEW publishers on receipt of price.

[597 ] Each of the great world reli- The Rainbow Bridge is largely lived, with but little change, gions is presented in a series of a story based on myth and im- since emancipation. The shadow chapters from this standpoint, agination. Those who know the of the old slave plantation rests but the authorities quoted do not Living Way to the Father will upon them. A few remember include those scholars that have find little help in the study of those old slavery days, and of rejected the totem-theory as other faiths from this book. these there are some who think wholly inadequate in this con- SAMUEL M. ZWEMER. that they were better off then nection. The Sound of Trumpets. By Arthur than now; but most of the group The author depends mostly on T. Moore. Paper. Southern Meth- young or old, prefer their pres- odist Board, Nashville, Tenn. 1934. Reinach and Robertson Smith. ent liberty, while at the same There is scarcely a reference to This is part of an appeal to time few have escaped from clethe more recent investigations stem missionary retreat by lib- pendence upon white men and and conclusions of such men as eral giving. It has a spiritual Schmidt, LeRoy, Barton Lowie appeal, and is a challenge to new from antiquated and shiftless companionship with Christ in habits, the inheritance from. and others. troubled times, when the revival slavery. To say, as the author does, of a confident, courageous faith is the need of the hour. The The family of this section that "Totemism is the one foun- closing chapter by E. Stanley shows the blight of old slavery dation of all religious thought, Jones, gives eleven clinching days. Illegitimacy, common law arguments for the worthwhilethe aboriginal basis of every ness of Christian missions. mar ria g e, easy separation myth and cult. Survivals of it (naively called divorce) and a exist in every land. Indeed it H.H.F. general low standard .of sex was the source of social prog- morals prevail. Yet in spite of ress," is begging the question. this looseness, considerable sta- When we turn to the chapter bility in family relationships is entitled "The Tree of Knowl- Shadow of the Plantation. By Charles the rule; and on the other hand edge," we have an account of the S. Johnson. 215 pp. $2; Univer- there is much that is admirable origin of the Jewish religion in sity of Chicago Press. 1934. and even beautiful in the home which the "slips" so-called in the The author of this interesting life. No matter how tiny may Bible narrative are emphasized, and valuable study is the head be the cabin, and how little of and doubt is expressed concern- of the department of Sociology furnishings and of food there ing the historicity of the whole in Fisk University, Nashville, are within it, yet the children of the Old Testament until the Tennessee, and no one is better and grandchildren, and even time of Saul. In speaking of qualified in training and experi- nephews and nieces, are wel- Noah, Abraham, and the Patri- ence for such a research project. comed and given an ungrudging archs, the author concludes, This fact, and the further one portion of whatever there is to "And since as history these that the work was made possible share. events are wholly preposterous, by financial support from the The church and religious life while as myths they are reason- Julius Rosenwald Fund, guaran- arewhat wemight expect. Transably intelligible, there seems tees its accuracy and thorough- scripts of actual sermons and fusome ground for regarding the ness. The section chosen for this neral addresses are given by the first of the Israelites (Abraham) realistic study of Negro life in author; and one grows sad as as a humanized form of the god the deep south is a portion of he reads these, that the spiritual Macon County, Alabama, the leadership in such communities of fertility." Even in regard to Moses, we county in which Tuskeegee In- can offer nothing more to needy read, "It may be that there are stitute is located. How truly it souls; but one wonders still grains of actual fact to be found is a part of the "Black Belt" more at the conventional standin the story of Moses, but in the may be seen from the fact that ards of church life which have main the prophet, like Yima, over 82 per cent of the inhabi- crept in to the religion of these should be ranked only a little tants of Macon County are col- people. Many sins are overlower than the Yazatas. He is a ored. looked, but dancing and baseball humanized god of fertility, and In his introductory chapter are always taboo; and attacks his adventures are founded on a Prof. Johnson points out that we on them by the preacher invari- have mapped out for special ably bring fervent response. We cult." "The myth of Adam" is made study in this section, and in sim- must not forget that the intense to centre in "a miraculous apple" ilar sections all through the emotionalism of rural black (to which there is no reference Black Belt, a genuine case of folks today finds its counterpart in the Scriptures). This "apple" "folk ~ulture." The people are among the whites of a generawe are told is connected with a largely isolated. Few of those tion or two ago, and even in the whole series of Greek, Roman who go out into great world present among the more ignoand Phrygian legends, and we lying beyond their own, ever rant classes. have the astonishing conclusion come back; and this is partic- A very depressing picture is that Cain "was not a murderer, ularly true of the young who that of the economic conditions. for he was not a man. He was a find some opportunity for edu- Poverty, unrelieved poverty, god who annually died in order cation or self culture. The in- everywhere exists, partly due to habitants are living as they have the exhaustion of the land, partto restore fertility."

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ly because of the vicious finan- the struggle for religious liberty, in the lap of luxury. There was cial system which prevails. Through the latter the white and the reasons for the passing almost no money in the country man exploits the labor of the Negro, and by keeping him con- of the dissenting t r a d i t ion and none of the comforts of stantly in his debt keeps him a virtual slave. It is very evident among the churches of dissent- modern civilization. that no improvement in education and morals can be expected ing background. The church and Sunday school until this fundamental social disease finds some cure. Just One regrets that so much val- and day school all occupied the now the burden of the nation- uable historical material is pre- same building-a log structure wide depression presses down sented from an anti-evangelical with plenty of ventilation beupon these people with crushing viewpoint. The author, who is tween the logs. His memories of force. now professor of sociology in slavery, the Civil War and re- Dartmouth College, was a stu- construction days are most in- It would be a mistake to leave dent at Union Theological Sem- structive and thrilling and many the impression that there is any inary and later at Princeton. of them amusing. In 1869 he emotional propaganda in this book. It is an objective, real- He was ordained to the ministry traveled ten days to enter Washistic study, quiet in tone and of the Presbyterian Church in ington College at Lexington, Virconservative in statement; but the impressions are all the more 1896, but he has traveled far ginia, of which General Robert powerful because of this fact. away from his former faith. He E. Lee was then president. The ROBERT M. LABAREE. declares that "the doctrine that young man's impressions of this The Story of American Dissent. By the highest type of character great Christian are worth read- John M. Mecklin. 381 pp. $3.50. can only be purchased through ing. After having been gradu- Harcourt, Brace & Co. New York. 1934. a vicarious atonement is rejected ated from Union Seminary, The author has discussed this both by science and democracy Richmond, and brief pastorates interesting subject with full recognition of its importance. as psychologically absurd and in North Carolina, and other He has delved deeply into the history of the numerous dissents immoral" (p. 365), and that southern centers, Mr. Chester that have affected religious thought in America, and has col- A mer i can Protestantism is was elected Secretary of the Exlected a large and varied amount of information regarding them. "handicapped" by "an outworn ecutive Committee for Foreign While he describes the dissent that has arisen in and against and impossible supernaturalism" Missions of the Presbyterian many denominations, he devotes special attention to the Baptist, (p. 370): ,He vouchsafes the Church, with headquarters at Methodist and Presbyterian bodies, which he classes "among opinion that the churches which Nashville, Tennessee. This post the most powerful sources of moral and spiritual energy in perpetuate it "present today the he occupied for thirty-two years. this country." He adds: tragic spectacle of great organi- After 1893 his experiences were A little more than a century and a half ago these denominations, which zations with wealth and numbers varied-traveling in China, Konow compose forty per cent of all adult church members and two-thirds and responsibilities but without rea and Japan in 1897, when of all Protestants, were despised dissenting minorities in the powerful col- great living traditions, without travel was more difficult than toonies of Massachusetts and Virginia. . . . . . . The Baptists and Methodists, any real insight into modern life day, a visit to Brazil in 1901 and who were beaten and banished in Massachusetts, buffeted and ridiculed in and no great consuming enthu- journeys north and south, east Virginia, have become great conservative churches which in the prohibition siasms" (page 371). and west over the American concontroversy arrogated to themselves the right to control the conscience of Such statements, and others tinent; to Europe in 1920 and the nation. How are we to explain that might be cited, indicate a· 1925; wrestling with various this profound transformation? biased mind and a lack of fa- administrative and missionary miliarity with the Protestantism problems in the Congo and else- He answers this question in a of today, rather surprising in where. series of chapters' in which he one who professes to be a his- The book is a collection of indiscusses the various factors that torian. One may sympathize teresting recollections and congave rise to the dissenting with his criticisms of certain re- tacts with many well-known groups, the part they played in actionary groups, but we know and little – known characters. of no "great" denominational Here we find a wisdom and phi- "organizations" to which the losophy, rich experience and a sentences quoted above jointly keen sense of humor, together with charming Southern cour- apply. ARTHUR J. BROWN. tesy that make the reading de- Memories of Four Score Years-An lightful and rewarding. Dr.

Autobiography. By Samuel Hall Chester and his wife are charac- Chester, D.D. Illus. 8 vo. 235 pp. ters worth knowing. They are $2.00. Presbyterian Committee of Publication, Richmond, Va. intensely human and at the same time reveal their spirit of sacri- Few lives of such active, va- ficial service and their Christ- ried and effective service cover a like nobility of character. period of eighty years. Dr.

Chester was born in Arkansas Education of Primitive People. By on January 17, 1851, and experi- Albert D. Helser. Illustrated. 8 vo.

enced all the hardships of pio- 316 pp. $3.00. Fleming H. Revell. neer days when wild Indians and New York. 1934.

wild animals were plentiful. The real value of this book is Samuel Chester was not coddled apt to be lost if the reader allows

himself to be swayed by first im- C h r i s t ian experience, are There is a distinct assertion of pressions. The extravagant matched by an excellent English the essential relation of Jesus claims made for the author by style, possibly sharpened by his and His religion: "Jesus is more the writer of the Foreword do knowledge of more than one In- than the founder of the Christian not predispose the judicious stu- dian tongue. The book makes religion; He is the Christian redent to take the whole book very easy reading but leaves its im- ligion." In the same vein he seriously. This is greatly to be pression on the reader. The writes: "Social progress requires regretted for not only is the sub- many characters and movements individual regeneration ….. At ject of first importance to the described often run over into the the heart of social programs lies missionary and educator, but it Christian field. Pandita Rama- the requirement of a moral and is treated here in such a fashion bai and Sundar Singh came out religious process transforming as to compel attention and awake from Hinduism while "Praying admiration. In fact, those who John Hyde" was never in it, but the personal life of the individlook around for Dr. Helser's each received influences from the ual." The work is well documonument will best find it in his religious conditions of India mented for further investigaown work as here presented. which doubtless affected life tion. CLELAND B. McAFEE. deeply. Dr. Griswold writes Similarly, the far too exten- widely from personal acquaint- Biblical Backgrounds. By J. McKee sive use of long quotations in the ance with Gandhi, Vivekananda, Adams, Ph.D. Maps and Illus. 800 opening chapters should not be Sundar Singh, Tagore and oth- pp. $3.75. Baptist Sunday School taken as evidence that Dr. Hel- ers. He gives an account of the Board. Nashville, Tennessee. 1934. ser has no opinions of his own. rise and disappearance of Krish- He has plenty of them, and they namurti, the youth whom Mrs. Sunday-school teachers, pasare as thoroughly worth study- Besant picked out as the next tors and other Bible students ing as those of some whose writ- world-teacher. Of these twen- will find this a very useful comings he quotes. But Dr. Helser, ty-three chapters, seventeen are pendium of valuable information although he abounds in love, cer- devoted to separate movements about Bible lands and peoples, tainly does not speak with the of Hinduism and four to various especially ·their geography and tongues of angels, and sometimes Christian characters in India. history. It contains twenty-five not with those of men. On the Probably nowhere could as much maps and about one hundred contrary he relies too often on information regarding Hindu excellent photographic illustramodern catch-phrases and, after movements be found in one vol- tions. The studies are taken up pulling his drag-net through a ume. CLELAND B. McAFEE. geographically in fourteen chapsea of words is apt to pick out ters in the order in which they very queer fish. The W orId Mission of the Christian are related to Bible history; Religion. By Wade Crawford Bar- from ancient Mesopotamia to the But the real merit of the book clay. 12 mo. 301 pp. $1.25. Cokes- Rome and Greece of New Testalies elsewhere. Here we have bury Press. Nashville, Tenn. 1934. ment times. The volume is well concrete examples, and many of documented and indexed. Dr. them, of how the soul of a prim- This volume of the Standard Adams, professor of Biblical Initive community can be nour- Training Series, is intended for struction in the Southern Bapished and developed, of how the class use but is well adapted to tist Theological Seminary at shadowy longings of the African individual study. Dr. Barclay Louisville, Kentucky, endeavors heart can be helped to concrete presents twelve studies in the very successfully to set before expression in terms of immedi- actual program of the Christian us, in a nonpartisan spirit, the ate local significance. At Gar faith in dealing with Society, results of his careful study of Rida in Nigeria they are doing Inter-racial, Economic, and In- the background of Bible history. some of those things of which ternational Relationships, Servothers have only dreamed. We ice for Youth and Childhood and Back of the Mountain. By Mary are grateful to learn how they Mankind as a whole. He closes are doing them, and to verify with an encouraging chapter on Brewster Hollister. 155 pp. $1.25. once more that the job of the the hope for a Christlike world. actor lies not in the study of the His point of view may be taken Fleming H. Revell. New York. part but in the action. from this sentence: 1934.

KENNETH G. GRUBB. No longer is the Christian mission The author of "Mai-Dee of the exclusively or even predominantly Insights into Modern Hinduism. By thought of in terms of the geograph- Mountains," who writes on life Hervey DeWitt Griswold. 12 mo. ical expansion of Christianity, In- in China, has the happy gift of 288 pp. $2. Henry Holt & Co., stead it is primarily interpreted in portraying living personalities, New York. 1934. terms of the domination of the Chris- tian spirit and Christian ideals in the describing the historical back- No one could be better fitted relationships of parent with children, ground, and of linking up misthan Dr. Griswold to furnish the of neighbor with neighbor, of employer sionary problems with presentmaterial of this book. His long with employee, of owner with tenant, day conditions. service in India, his habits as a of seller with buyer, of one racial scholar, his intimate knowledge group with another within the same While in no wayan outstandof the individuals and move- community, of nation with nation, of ments of Indian life, his rich race with race, of one Christian group ing book, the story has sufficient with another, of the Christian religion with non-Christian religions. touch of romance to make it ac- ceptable to young readers, and enough regard for serious facts to command the interest of a stu- dent of affairs. H. H. F.

OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF

Unkulunkulu in Zululland. By An- analyzed as to time and place, Soviet regime, is thrillingly in- drew Burgess. Illustrated. 8vo. personnel, message and objec- teresting and dramatic, yet 259 pp. $1.00. Board of Foreign tive. It would be well if every simply told and convincing. Missions, Norwegian L u the ran missionary and every Christian There seems to be no effort to Church. Minneapolis. 1934. would study it to find his own make the picture as bad as pos- place in God's program for the sible but it presents conclusive Unkulunkulu-"The G rea t world. While the epistles do evidence that one cannot look Great"-is the Zulu name for not quote the Great Commis- for liberty, mercy or justice in the Creator of the world. But sion, they are the result of obe- Soviet Russia today. The rulers these people believe that the dience to it. are doubtless engaged in a great creator has forgotten man and experiment to make Russia a has left him to his own de- Excavating Kirjath-Sepher's Ten s t ron g, independent, self-supvices. Mr. Burgess has gathered Cities. By Melvin Grove Kyle, D.D. porting country. But power is in this volume many very illu- 8vo. 203 pp. $2.50. Wm. B. in the hands of a small group, minating facts in regard to the Eerdmans Publishing Co. Grand which is supposed to represent pagan Zulus-their religious be- Rapids, Mich. 1934. the laboring classes. According liefs and traditions, their sacri- to this and other reports of eyefices, worship, witch-doctors and This is the last contribution witnesses, the experiment has customs. He gives a brief his- on Biblical archeology by the so many faults that radical tory of the Zulu race, a vivid late Dr. Kyle. It relates to dis- changes are necessary before it picture of life in their native coveries from 1926 to 1932 in can succeed. Some changes are kraals and some results of Kirjath-Sepher (Book Town) being made-such as the propa- Christian mission work. Two and in various other cities of ganda of falsehood, the deparmaps and eighty other illustra- Palestine. Much light is thrown ture from extreme communism tions help to visualize the story. on Canaanite life and religion, and lessening the power of the The information is somewhat on the period of the Judges and Ogpu or secret police-but the sketchy but it is an exception- Kings of Israel and on dates of Soviet attitude toward the inally readable book. While the Biblical events. The sixteen telligencia, toward religion and mission work described is Lu- pages of illustrations help to il- personal freedom must change theran, everyone interested in luminate the text. An index of if Soviet Russia is to survive. Zulus and in Christian progress places, discoveries and Biblical among them will find the whole references would give it added Mrs. Tchermavin vividly picvolume full of valuable informa- value. tures her own sufferings, detion. There is no index. scribes the despotic and cruel In the Cauldron of Russia. An Auto- tribunals, and tells of many Them Also. By Mary W. Booth. biography by I. S. Prokhanoff. friends killed or exiled without Illustrated. 8vo. 254 pp. 3s. 6d. Illustrated. 8vo. 270 pp. $1.50. any trial or proven wrongdoing. Pickering & Inglis. Glasgow. 1934. All-Russian Evangelical Christian The story is divided into two Union. New York. 1934. parts-(l) trials, imprisonment A missionary of the Zenana and exile, and (2) the escape Bible and Medical Mission for Here is a story of Russia from into Finland in 1933. While this over a quarter of a century de- 1869 to 1933, from inside per- does not give the whole story of scribes here the triumphs of sonal knowledge. The author the Russian experiment and its Christ among women and girls was for many years the leading results, the book is well worth in Gorakhpur, United Provinces, evangelical Christian pastor in reading for the author wins con- India. Questions are answered Russia, being founder and pres- fidence as to her truthfulness. that puzzle many missionaries; ident of the All-Russian Evanproblems are solved in answer gelical Un ion. He suffered Kidnapping the Constitution. By Mrs. to prayer; stories are told of under the Tzars, persevered, Lucy W. Peabody. 12mo. 110 pp. transformations and of Christ- and was highly respected, and Boards, 40 cents. N. A. Lindsey & like service. These pages show now is in exile in America. He Co. Marblehead, Mass. 1934. clearly that the work of faith, tells his life story, describes the labors of love and patience of conditions in Russia at various Lawlessness has been on the hope are abundantly rewarded. periods, shows present needs increase and few seem to realize Here is a record of loving devo- and future hopes. The interest- where America is drifting. Mrs. tion in the care of the neglected ing information breeds deep Peabody, the de v 0 ted and children of India. As the girls sympathy for the suffering Rus- powerful advocate of "Christian grow to young womanhood they sians, especially for evangelical missions" and for "law enforceare trained to care for babies Christians. ment" makes a strong case and young children in the Name against the repeal of the Eightand Power of Christ. Escape from the Soviets. By Tatiana eenth Amendment. She calls to Tchermavin. Translated from the mind the birth of the Constitu- The Great Commission. By Henry Russian by N. Alexander. 8vo. tion, its defenders and the ef- W. Frost. Pamphlet. 25 cents. 320 pp. $2.50. E. P. Dutton. New forts to nullify it. The time has China Inland Mission. Phila- York. 1934. come to teach all American citi- delphia, Pa. 1934. zens and their children to re- This extraordinary f act u a I spect the Constitution and the Christ's Great Commission to record of the experiences of an His apostles is here defined and intelligent Russian woman, her husband and son, under the

laws of the land and to lead to believe in the deity of Christ, Second Hand. By Emma Gerberding them to think straight on moral the professor replied that the Lippard. 157 pp. Cloth, 75 cents. questions. This book will help student was reversing the nato restore the sense of national tural order, that he (the pro- United Lutheran Publication House, responsibility and shows the fessor) could not believe in God Philadelphia. 1934. basis of national strength. at all if he did not believe in Christ. Dr. Fisher's sermons are Here is a story of mission Women of the Old Testament and written in excellent English, and work in Japan that is of inter- Women of the New Testament. contain eloquent passages and est, both as an entertaining ro- 2 Vol. By Abraham Kuyper. quotations that indicate wide mance and as an answer to some Translated by Prof. Henry Zylstra. reading; but the argument of the criticisms raised in "Re- Paper 60 cents each. Zondervan would be more conclusive if he thinking Missions." Painted in- Pub. House. Grand Rapids, Mich. had presented more fully Christ's to the background is a vivid por- 1934. teachings regarding God. trayal of Japan of today. A young graduate of an American Dr. Kuyper, a famous Dutch A.J.B. statesman, Biblical scholar, and divinity school decides not to be author of "The Work of the God and the World. By J. T. Maw- ordained, but to teach English Holy Spirit," gives us eighty son. 144 pp. Cloth, 18. Pickering in Japan without any church brief sketches of women of the & Inglis, London. 1934. board connections, and with a Bible. They are reverent, valu- friendly sharing, equality, brothable and suggestive studies, Each of the 16 chapters enwholly Biblical and suited for deavor to analyze John 3: 16 erhood aim. His contacts with class discussion. Some of the which has been called "the Bible missionaries, his first-hand characters are unfamiliar, like in Miniature"; and help to show knowledge of their sacrificial Ada and Zillah, Jeroboam's wife its universal application to the service and ability to grapple and Azenath. Others are well needs of mankind. H. H. F. known. with a tangled situation, grad- A Chaplain in India. By G. M. ually make him feel the empti- Can I Know God? By Frederick B. Davies. Illus. 8 vo. 320 pp. 58. Fisher. 12 mo. 140 pp. $1.00. Marshall, Morgan & Scott. London. ness in his own motives and he Harpers. New York. 1934. 1934. comes finally to an overwhelm- ing desire, not to express him- One opens this little book with This chaplain, who here relarge expectation, for the title cords his memories, lives a use- self nor to help in a material suggests a helpful discusison of ful life and served his fellow way, but to give the light of the a vital theme and the author was countrymen in India for twenty- glory of God in Christ to all formerly a missionary bishop of one years. It is not only of inthe Methodist Episcopal Church, terest but reveals the opportuni- men. H.H.F. and later pastor of a large ties and importance of a British church in Ann Arbor, Michigan. chaplain's life. There are also Annals of an Indian Parish. By Ste- Of the ten chapters, only five are many sidelights on India and the phen Neill. 68 pp. Paper, 18. related to the title, the others Indians. The author worked in Church Missionary Society, London. being short sermons or various Bareilly, Sangor, Missoorie, 1934. unrelated topics. The first five Muttra, Kasauli, Amritsar, Nagchapters are captioned: Is There pur and elsewhere and describes Three years ago a missionary a God? What Is God Like? Can not only his experiences as chap- was required to take over from I Know God? Is Christianity lain but tells of work for the an Indian pastor temporary True? and, Is One Religion As Gouds, the prisons, in theaters, charge of a country parish. Thus Good As Another? We confess at melas. He writes of mission- he was brought very close to the to some aversion for the inter- ary unity, the Soldiers' Christian inner life of an Indian church, rogative phrasing of s u c h Association, earthquakes and and this book is a record of his themes. This was the method temperance work. The record is experiences. The purpose of the of the devil in the Garden of a simple narrative of personal narrative is to prove that the Eden, when he wished to create rat her detailed experiences work is not finished when conunbelief. We are puzzled, too, which will be of special interest verts are made, and that the care by the author's answers. The to the narrator and his friends. of the Christian Church, situmost effective approach, through ated as it is in the midst of Christ and His revelation of Life Indeed: The Victorious Life in superstitions and nonchristian God, he practically ignores and Four Aspects. By J. Russell How- standards and ideals is a task treats the problems as if they den. 12 mo. 133 pp. 28. 6d. Pick- calling for rare wisdom and pacould be worked out by means ering & Inglis. Glasgow. tience. of reason without the light thrown upon them by the Bible These chapters, along Keswick Liang A-Fa. By George Hunter Mcand the great Teacher. When lines, deal with repentance, con- Neur. 123 pp. Paper, 75 cents. a theological student told Pro- secration, faith and the Holy Kwang Hsueh Publishing House, fessor Bailey that he found it Spirit. They are by the Vicar of Shanghai. 1934. easy to believe in God but hard St. Peter's Church, Tunbridge Wells, and are clear cut, spir- Liang A-Fa was a colleague Qf itual expositions of truth. Dr. Robert Morrison, first Prot- estant missionary to China. The story of his life and work is a continuation of the Book of Acts of the Apostles. Of him a vet- eran missionary of the London Missionary Society said: "To

OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF

faith and patience, carried to the and both are working together tory of the organization and in- plane of martyrdom, there was along three lines, physical, intel- cludes a list of duties of its of- added versatility of gifts and lectual and spiritual. The closing ficers and suggestions for methgraces that translates Christi- chapter pleads for a strengthen- ods of work. H. H. F.

anity into Chinese life, and uses ing of the work at this crucial Epistle Message: Sermons from Ad- vent to Trinity Sunday by Seven every gift and grace for its dif- stage. H. H. F. Ministers of the Lutheran Church. Edited by Herman F. Miller. 8 vo. fusion." De'ep Snow. An Indian Story. By 252 pp. $1.50. United Lutheran C. Kuipers. 152 pp. $1.00. Paper, Publication House. Philadelphia. Whatever the reason, Mr. 60 cents. Zondervan Publishing 1933. House, Grand Rapids, Mich. 1934. Liang was gradually forgotten; These thirty-seven sermons by This story, bound together by seven ministers are based on until a few years ago, even the a thread of romance, pictures texts and thoughts in the Letters the traditions, the background of of St. Paul, St. Peter and St. Chinese Christian Church knew James. They are thoughtful superstitious rites and ceremo- rather than unique, spiritual but nothing of him, when a strange nials of the Zunis and Navajos not popular in style. They deal in Arizona and New Mexico. It with such topics as hope, joy, the coincidence led to the discovery shows also the impact of Chris- coming of Christ, the glory of tian mission schools upon the God, worship, boasting, holiness, of his grave in 1918. Interest eager, spirited boys and girls religion and Pentecost.

in the remarkable pioneer began who respond to what is good in Ways That Are Dark. By Ralph the white man's way. The thrill- Townsend. 8 vo. 336 pp. $3.00. to revive, with the result that a ing romance, with a tang as pure G. P. Putman's Sons. New York. 1933. Chinese biography was pub- as mountain air, is a vivid por- trayal of certain phases of life "The Truth About China," the lished in 1930. In response to in the great Southwest. secondary title to this volume, is a misnomer. As is stated by a many requests the story is here H.H.F. review in the New Y.ork Times, the volume is "a long way from told in English. H. H. F. the whole truth about China," the author has had very limited Fresh Springs. By Phyllis L. Gar- contact with the Chinese, in time and area, and his views are evi- lick. 127 pp. Paper, 18. Church dently the result of inadequate Missionary Society, London. 1934. knowledge and immature judg- ment. He sees through smoked The story of the C. M. S. for Some Experiments in Living. By glasses so that he pictures the the year 1933. A very logical Peter Ainslie. 190 pp. $2.00. As- "ways that are dark" in very arrangement of topics is fol- sociation Press, 347 Madison Ave., somber hues and presents an in- New York. 1933. dictment of the whole Chinese lowed in this report of the C. race without discrimination. M. S. work for 1933 in various The Protestant pastor, who de- Authors long resident in China, bated with Judge Ben Lindsey such as Julian Arnold, Putnam fields. The author has developed on companionate marriage a few Weale, George Sokolsky, Henry the theme under the titles: years ago, candidly gives his Springs of Freedom in Africa; views, based on personal experi- Springs of Friendship in the ence in concrete cases, upon the practical possibility of applying Near East; Springs of Service the principle of Christian brothin India; Springs of Courage in erhood as a cure for social in- China; Springs of Hope in Ja- justice, interracial hatred, war, pan. family discord and church unity. The book is a record of thought- Binding the story together as fully worked out experiments in making Christ's teaching real in a whole is the central purpose everyday living, and is a chal- lenge to others to carry thesethat renewed inspiration be sought in the mutual discovery of fresh springs in Jesus Christ for renewing both society and the individual, and for the mis- sionary as well as the new con- vert. H. H. F.

Glimpses of Uganda. By K. M. E. experiments still farther in a Hodgkin, Joseph Bau, J. R. Lillingston. 73 pp. – – . Church reconstructed society. "Every Saunders, Edward Williams and Missionary Society, London. 1934. individual," the author asserts, others offer a good corrective to This brief record of impres- "who works toward abolition of these sketchy snap-judgments of sions, by one deeply interested the world's wrongs and the lib- one who has evidently little acin the development of the Native eration of inborn hopes and quaintance or sympathy with his Anglican Church in Uganda, ideals, is in so far a follower of subject. The Chinese Christian clearly shows the contrast be- Jesus. Human experience holds Student (published in America) tween conditions when East no finer romance than in follow- describes this volume as "the Africa was opened to the mis- ing Him." H. H. F. new low among books that pre- sionary and what we see at The New Why and How of Woman's tend to give the 'low down' about present. Missionary Union. By Wilma Ge- China."

The African of today is de- neva Bucy. 118 pp. Paper, – – . Chinese Ethical Ideals. By Rev. termined to get an education, Frank Rawlinson, M.A., D.D. Coland insists that it shall be defi- Southern Baptist Sunday School lege of Chinese Studies, Peiping, Board. Nashville, Tenn. 1934.

nitely Christian. Willing to meet A revision of a first edition China. 1934.

this demand, the government is which appeared in 1928, with The author's studies of China's cooperating with the missions, new material added. It is a his- literary, social and religious life

were conducted through a series While "virtuous living for the China Year Book. Edited by H. G. W. Woodhead. 854 pp. $12.50. of years in preparation of lec- common weal" appears to have University of Chicago Press. Chitures to foreign students of the been ideally the summum bonum cago. Chinese language and culture. of the sages, yet it became so Discussions we r e had with choked by the loyalties of family The Church Controversy in Germany. groups of Chinese to clarify his Anders Nygren. 115 pp. 28. 6d. and clan as to prevent its bloom- Student Christian Movement Press.

own thinking. While the book ing into a nation- and world- London.

concerns itself chiefly with Chi- blessing philanthropy. Good and Deeds of Daring. Archer Wallace. nese ethical ideals and values, it evil are the voluntary acts of na- 97 pp. $1.00. Harpers. New York.

deals also with their relation to tures all good by birth, the good Digest of the Presbyterian Church of the several "religions" of China. to be rewarded, the evil pun- Chosen-1934. Compiled by Charles The author believes that, though ished, either in this life or an- Allen Clark. 196 pp. Christian Lit- Confucianism is an ethical phi- other. Canons of virtue include erature Society. Seoul, Korea. E pis cop a I Church-Heritage of losophy, religiously rather ag- not merely most of the Old Tes- American Christian. Theo. St. nostic, though modern Taoism is tament code, but also many orig- Clair Will. 135 pp. $1.50 cloth; a compl~x of demonistic super- $1.00 paper. Morehouse Pub. Co. inating in the gross superstitions Milwaukee. stition, and though Buddhism of polytheism. Most Chinese was originally atheistic and later have an idea of some sort of fu- Financial Recovery for the Local polytheistic, yet, in the words of ture life. Those who look for Church. Julius Earl Crawford. 202 a modern Chinese critic, "Reli- "salvation,"-hardly known by pp. $1.00. Cokesbury Press. Nashgion has exercised immense that name,-expect to attain it ville. History of the Korean Mission, Prespower over the Chinese people." through ethical striving or per- byterian Church, U. S. A. 1884-1934. Tho ugh very pragmatic in sonal appeasing, not through Harry A. Rhodes, Ed. 673 pp. any atoning Saviour. Modern $2.00. Revell. New York and thought and life, yet the prac- scientific thought has destroyed Chosen Mission, Seol, Korea. tical and the mystical exist side by side, and the one "religion" for many scholars the idea of im- Margaret King's Vision. Mrs. Howhich seems to be surviving and mortality. ward Taylor. 165 pp. $1.00. China reviving at present is the mys- The little book's discussion of Inland Mission. Philadelphia. tical Buddhism, which, however, "Spirit and Matter," "Person- ality Values," and "How Far are o Carry Me Back. E. A. Bland. 317 after the example of Christian- Men Equal?" should prove of inity, is developing its social side. terest to ethical philosophers, pp. 28. 6d. Pickering & Inglis. Chinese thought has been more London. and somewhat less so to theoloinclined than that of the West to gians. For students of Missions, The Pageant of Chinese Historyseparate religion from ethics, in view of China's greatly dimin- From 3000 B. C. to Founding of the regarding relations with men as Republic. Elizabeth Seegar. $3.00. 386 pp. Longman's Green. New m 0 r e immediately important York. than hazily conceived relations ished reverence for her own an- Pablo and Petra-A Boy and Girl of cient culture, the interest will Mexico. Milicent H. Lee. $1.50. with deities generally feared and also be largely historic, yet well 152 pp. Crowell. New York. auueased rather than loved and repay perusal. obeyed. Religion in the Highlands. Elizabeth COURTENAY H. FENN. R. Hooker. 319 pp. $1.00. Home Missions Council. New York. 1933. The author seems hardly justi- Recent Developments in German fied in giving practically the Rainbow Bridge. By Florence Cran- Protestantism. Otto Piper. 159 pp. nell Means. 152 pp. Cloth, $1.50. 48. S. C. M. London. Christian content of "love" to Paper, 75 cents. Friendship Press, the "jen" of Confucius and other New York. 1934. The Rockefeller Foundation-Annual sages, which scarcely went be- Report. 477 pp. Rockefeller Founyond the idea of "good-will," or This book written for children dation. New York. under twelve years, will be en- "humanity," with un-Christian joyed by all interested in seeing The Story of American Dissent. limitations, and is often little the races brought into a broth- John M. Mecklin. 381· pp. $3.50. more than the "cosmic urge" or Harcourt, Brace & Co. New York. erly understanding. The "Rain- "vital impUlse." The worship of bow Bridge" is a miniature gar- Sally J o. Zenobia Bird. 216 pp. the temples and of the ancestors $1.50. Revell. New York. den ina dish, made by two has emphasized self-s e e kin g homesick Japanese children in Sadhu Sundar Singh. C. F. Andrews. rather than devotion. 205 pp. $2.00. Harpers. New York. America and comes to have a The chapter on "The Ethical special meaning for all the chil- Arabia and the Bible. James A.· Values of Micius" affords an ex- dren in the neighborhood, sig- Montgomery. 208 pp. $2. Uni- nifying a bond between their versity of Pennsylvania Press. cellent introduction to a moral varying interests and problems:- Philadelphia, Pa. reformer most worthy of attention, probably the highest of the H.H.F. Yasu-Bo and Ishi-Ko-A Boy and Girl of Japan. Phyllis Ayer Sow- Confucian school, yet among the New Books ers. 142 pp. $1.50. Crowell. New least well known. To him York. "Heaven" seemed more real and personal, and "mutual love" ap- Negro-White Adjustment: An Inproarhed most nearly to the Boy and Girl Tramps of America. vestigation and Analysis of Methods Christian concept. Thomas Minehan. 267 pp. $2.50. in the Interracial Movement in the Farrar & Rinehart. New York. United States. 272 pp. $3.00. Association Press. New York.

Notes HELP Feed the Hungry educated in Philadelphia, and

Clothe the Naked her husband, went to the West Africa Mrs. Helen Barrett Montgomery Presbyterian Mission in 1928. With the well-known and well-loved author, China's millions threatened with famine. him she covered thousands of miles on educator and religious leader, died in A desolate stricken land nfts appealing the bush path and over the jungle Summit, N. J., at the home of her hands. trails. During the short time she was daughter, Mrs. George F. Simon, on at work in the Cameroun country she October 18th. She was the widow of For seventeen years the Home Of One· was privileged to see many evidences William A. Montgomery, of Rochester, siphorus, largest Christian orphanage in the of better living, and of freedom from N. Y., and was born seventy-three Orient, has been saving lives and preach~ fear of enemies, evil spirits, disease years ago in Kingsville, Ohio. After ing the G06pel. We cannot meet the de· and other curses. teaching in Philadelphia she married mands on us unless you and other loving and later became an ordained minister Christians send us aid. Mrs. Mary C*ary* Da*vis, formerly a in the Baptist Church, and spent her time traveling,· writing and speaking Our work cares also for infirm adults Methodist missionary to India, died at in the interest of Christian missions and maintains a Christian school for grow- her home in New York City on Sept. and deeper spiritual experience. ing youth-sustained solely by faith. Aid 7, at 90 years of age. Mrs. Davis us with your prayers and gifts. We ap· went to India in 1876 as a missionary From 1913 to 1924 she was Presi- peal to you for help in this work of of the W. F. M. S., and married Rev. dent of the Woman's Baptist Foreign Christ's mercy. Franklin G. Davis there in 1880. Mission Society. She also served as President of the Federation of Wom- Write for free booklet "Helping China's Shirts and Sheets an's Boards of Foreign Missions from Helpless" and illustrated catalog of hand 1917 to 1918. embroidered luncheon sets, dresser scarfs, or, ANTI-SEMITISM, handkerchiefs, etc.-artistic hand work of Mrs. Montgomery's mission study our orphans who are learning to support A PRESENT.DAY SIGN OF THE books and her new translation of the themselves. Address: FIRST MAGNITUDE I New Testament have had a wide circulation. She was a very effective HOME OF ONESIPHORUS By LOUIS S. BAUMAN, D.O. speaker at Chautauqua and at other conferences and schools of missions. American Office ONE OF ~ FACTS OF Drawer 6, 3131 Lincoln Avenue, *** THE MOST . THE MOST Chical'o, Illinois Rev. James S. Barr, D.D. died at Location of Home and Mission: TaiaH, TALKED OF ~ STARTLING New Wilmington, Pennsylvania, on October 12, 1934, being almost 102 Shantung, China BOOKLETS . NATURE years old. He was born at Canonsburg, Pennsylvania, on December 22, Dr. D. Duncan Main, founder of IN PRINT! SET FORTH! 1832, was educated in Jefferson Col- the C. M. S. Hospital in Hangchow, lege (Washington and Jefferson), died recently in England. He retired 15c ea.; 2 for 25c.; 51.25 per doz. Allegheny Seminary and Jefferson in 1927 after 45 years of service in Medical College and with his wife, China, but to the end he was busy in Post Paid. Stamps Accepted Mary Black Barr, he sailed for India the task of holding the interest of old in 1861, as a missionary of the United friends and securing new ones for the 10 PROPHETIC STUDY MORE TIMELY! Presbyterian Church. When they work at Hangchow. reached Sialkot, Dr. Barr found one ORDER YOUR COpy TODAY I congregation with nine communicant Mr. A. Huds*on *Br*oomhall, Treasmembers and a mission composed of ALAN S. PEARCE three missionaries and two ordained urer in China of the China Inland Dept. W. 1925 E. Filth SI., LONG BEACH, CALIF. Indian ministers. He lived to see a Mission, died at Shanghai, August 18, Presbyterian church of 44,579 mem- from typhoid fever. Mr. Broomhall, I If you use bers in 116 congregations, organized whose father was General Secretary as a synod with six presbyteries. of the C. I. M. in its early days, gave PRINTING When Mrs. Barr died in 1905, Dr. fifty years of valued service to Barr returned to America, but as long Christ's cause in China. The first few YOU will profit from an acas he lived, his heart was in India. years were spent in Shansi and Chih- quaintanceship with us. We li (now Hopei). During this period do the job complete in our own USED CUTS he opened the station of Twailu, liv- plant, whether it be large or ing alone in an inn for many months. small. Plates and half tone illus- Subsequently he was set apart for the business work of the Mission in Che- While our specialty is Books, trations used in THE foo, Kiukiang, Hankow and Chung- Maga:tines and Pamphlets, yet king. we have a variety of modern MISSIONARY REVIEW equipment to meet all the re- *** quirements of your particular during the past two years job. You will find our service Margaret Douglas Lewis, M.D., prompt, careful and courteous. for sale from 25 cents up, missionary in India under the Meth- odist Board since 1900, died in Madras Will you allow us to estimate plus postage. JUly 22, of endocarditis. on your next printing? We be- lieve you will be delighted with The Missionary Review *** our product, price and service. of the World Mrs. Irvin W. Underhill, a Presby- The EVANGELICAL PRESS THIRD AND REILY STREETS terian Colored missionary to West Af- rica, died September 24. She was Print…. of HARRISBURG, PA. The Mi..ionary Revie", of the World Sunday School Supplies PLANT AND MAIN OFFICE Third and Reily Str.ets Harrlsburs, Pa. SOUIld, SI'I/7111111 ~OIlS of'1IIe 1?11~I~ODI~:~II~II~1 .h/O7rlue/!rDnenoonmDliHqIulio/n~s II

-il"' ""' ".. " .. .-

OIIOlrNETEEN cDonayturtiheisrtisy~afopuerrimodoroef time that most of us find dillicult to visualize. On Christmas than nineteen hundred years will have passed since f ___ Jesus Christ came into the World. Though He lived so long ago and though His span ! of earthly life was only thirty~three years, He is th e most o utst apnrdiviinlgegcehs aorfa cCtherriso~f : history. Yet millions who have lived in remote places, c ut off from the I tian teaching and training, do not know Him as a Living Lord and Saviour. For them, j ~ , Christmas will be as meaningless as an anni versary of some heathen god on a south sea , island is to us.

i 1'1r<t::<5IIHtEhrseeetthleumndernetdoyf eAamrseargicoa. by civilized peoples of tbe old world began a little over ..J century and a half later. FWoretyb~eocnaemyeeaa r sr eacfotgenr itzheed nation a few years more tohfanIn~a signing of the Declaration f dependence, the American Sunday School Union began the task of taking the Bible and the Gospel of Jesus Christ to the pioneers who were rapidly spreading across the un~ if known areas of the Mississippi Valley and the farther West. The first Sunday School be~ yond the Father of Waters was founded in Kansas by one of our missionaries.

1'1r.<t.::<J5IIOfiDcroaAmuYnbdonererdaetrhrlyetofciabvreoerdtobefor.uosuaArnndmaiUrsmsnioyionoanfriSoesvu.enrdTaoyhneeSychhduoonotdlsrtehaderelaainnnddoffporeorntmyticothololaiusntsatronudrcaotlaeAastcmhaeenrrd-s and students is enrolled for the regular study of the Bible as God's Revealed Word each Lord's Day. Eight hundred and four Daily Vacation Bible Schools were conducted last summer. Ten Young People's Bible Conferences provided mountain~top experiences for rural young people in various parts of the land. Three years ago only one such conference II<::5was conducted under the auspices of this Society. Next year we hope to have twenty~five. 'rc<. rOUSANDS of denominational churches in existence today hyaedarththeiirrtOy~ritgwioDchinurlcithteles ~ , Union Sunday Schools organized by our missionaries. Last , ..J grew out of our work and were turned over to the official bodies of the denomina~ ~ tions selected by popular choice. No other organization has done more to foster , , and aid the cause of organized Christianity in America. j~ Il i 110 ill ill experience, non-sectarian in principle, true to the Bible and always evangel- , istic in spirit and effort, we continue to exalt Christ as a Divine Savior, as we sow i II; a; ~~ the seed of God's Revealed Word.more many thousands of boys tahnedogldirlbsaacnkdrooalddesroffoAlkmeIirv~- • II"RISTMAS will mean back to the mountains and along ing out on the prairies, in j , ica, because of this tremendously important work. Christmas will mean more to you, if you decide to have at least a small share in this work. No church or Sun~ ; day School in town or city, no man or woman living in the larger centers, has ever known X r, IIanything but added joy and blessing, through gifts sent to help us in this task. No other if religious organization administers these gifts more carefully and effectively than does our Society. They are regarded as a sacred trust. j X if THE Spirit bas prompted you to regard your material possessions in the light of • , Christian Stewardship, ask His guidance in the matter of making a contribution to this needy work among Hthe otherwise unreached" millions in rural America. A j year's subscription to the field magazine, The Sunday~School Missionary, will be j credited to you, following the receipt of your gift. j j Address any of our District Offices as listed below, or j The Department of Missions—THE AMERICAN SUNDAY SCHOOL UNION j 1816 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pa.

189 W. Madison St., Chicago, 111. 1119 Schofield Bldg., Cleveland, Ohio.

508 I. N. B. Bldg., Des Moines, Iowa. 1105 Plymouth Bldg., Minneapolis, Minn• ……10 Madison Ave., Kansas City., Mo 321 E. Oklahoma Ave., Knoxville, Tenn.

8 Beacon Street, Boston, Mass. 615 Stock Exchange Bldg., Portland, Ore. I 156 Fifth Ave., New York City. 1332 E. Harvard St., Glendale, Calif. …

… … … … …

The Missionary Review of the World — November 1933

1933

A Flying Visit to China Samuel M. Zwemer The Day of Opportunity in Peru w. M. Montano Among Migrant Spanish"Americans Laura I. Makepeace The Gospel for the Poor in India Sam Higginbottom The Type of Missionaries Needed s. w. Clemes A Self"Made Madagascar Bishop Theodore C. Benze

Your Chris'mas Cards Letters

and Scripfure T exf Calendars Nettie Fowler McCormick, FREE wife of Cyrus Hall McCormick, inventor of the reaper, are desired by her children. Soon everybody will be looking for Christmas cards that convey a Scriptural For this purpose the Nettie Fowler McCor~ greeting, and Scripture Text Calendars with mick Biographical Association requests that a message for each day in the new year. Here persons having any of her writings kindly is an opportunity to secure yours free- send them to the address below. The family either for your own use, for gifts, or for re- of Nettie Fowler McCormick will be grateful sale. Your choice either of an excellent as- for co"operation and glad to make approsortment of sixteen Christmas cards in a priate payment for such papers. Address box, or two beautiful Scripture Text Calendars, for every new subscription you send us. Nettie Fowler McCormick Biographical Association, The Missionary Review They are produced by 664 N. Michigan Ave., Chicago Value, 50 cents. Christmas Card Box Dates To Remember Assortment October 3I-Fall meeting. New York Conference, Woman's Foreign Mis- This gift box contains six- sionary Society. Calvary Church, teen beautiful cards. each with New York City. a Christmas sentiment and engraved Bible text and a . November 10-II-Annual Meeting. lined envelope. Every World Alliance for International ture-text card you mail Friendship through the Churches a Christian greeting. The qual- and the International Goodwill Conity and variety of boUl message gress. Philadelphia, Pa. and design found in our cards are most attractive. one of the finest art lithograph houses in America. November 20-22-Annual meeting, Methodist Board of Home Missions The Messenger and Church Extension, Philadel- phia, Pa. Scripture Text Calendar United Missionary Meetings There's a definite need in every home for this beautiful, inspira- October 29 to November 3-Greater tional calendar with its thoughts New York. for daily meditation. Also it is an appropriate gift at Christmas time November S-IO-Chicago, Ill. –one that remains interesting and November 12-13-Milwaukee, Wis. useful for a full year. November 14-IS-Des Moines, Iowa. November 16-17-Sioux City, Iowa. Features November 19-20-0maha, Neb. November 21-22-Lincoln, Neb. This Htionally advertised calen- November 23-24-Topeka, Kan. dar has thirteen full-color copies of November 26-27-Kansas City, Mo. religious paIntIngs. of suitable size for framing. November 28-29-Wichita, Kan. It offers inspiration. instruction, and information. ,November 30 to December I-Okla- Brief stories of the pictures. Daily Scripture quotations. homa City, Okla. Schedule showing how to read the Bible through in a year. December 3-4-St. Louis, Mo. Golden Texts for International Sunday School lessons. December S-6-Springfield, Ill. Flower and Birthstone of each month. December 7-8–Indianapolis, Ind. Preceding and following month on each page. December 10-12-Washington, D. C. Phases of the moon, tides. holidays. etc. December 13-IS-Philadelphia, Pa.

Fourteen pagrs–9!4 x 15 % inches-of usefulness and beauty. Personal Items This offer must necessarily be withdrawn December 31, 1933 Dr. Yi-Fang Wu, President of Gin- ling College, is in America as one of SUBSCRIPTION DEPARTMENT the invited foreign guests of the In- ternational Congress of Women that The Missionary Review of the World met in Chicago, July 16. Dr. Wu is also Vice-President of the National Third and Reily Streets, Harrisburg, Pat Christian Council of China, and at- tended the Institute of Pacific Rela- tions held at Banff in August.

She is the first graduate daughter of GinIing and now leads her college, challenges its undergraduates, coun- sels on the affairs of Church and its progress, represents her country's womanhood at international gather- ings; above all else, Dr. Wu bears the mark of Christlikeness in her life and labors.

(Concluded on page 521.)

MISSIONARY I If the

REVIEW OF THE WORLD Our Free Catalog Saves calls you East of Suez … sail DELAVAN PIERSON, Editor Money for Foreign Missionaries VOL. LVI Nov., 1933 No. 11 FOREIGN MISSIONARIES every- where have confidence in our Mis- publication and Business Olllce sionary Bureau as the most economical Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. source for personal supplies and mis- Editorial and Executive Olllce sion equipment of high quality. 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City Entered as second-class matter at SECRETARIES and Purchasing Agents Post Olllce, Harrisburg, Pa., under of Foreign Missions find that our Act of March 3, 1879. free catalog and special discount list enables them to save money for their 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year stations. Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. Published monthly-All rights re- MISSION Boards can economize by served. Copyrighted 1933 by the selecting hardware, paints and other building materials from our catalog, for MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- shipment abroad. LISHING CO., INC. BOARD OF DIRECTORS If you haven't a Montgomery Ward catalog, write TODAY for a free copy. ROBERT E. SPEER, President WM. I. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President MONTGOMERY WARD & CO. WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary Export Department Chicago, U. S. A. SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD PERSONAL ITEMS WM. B. LIPPHARD ERIC M. NORTH (Concluded from second cover.) THE ROUTE PREFERRED MILTON T. STAUTFBR A. L. WARNSHUIS Leonard Fiske Wilbur, M.D., SINCE 18401 SAMUEL M. ZWEMBB nephew of Ray Lyman Wilbur, who Cross Cunard to England Editorial Chat was Herbert Hoover's Secretary of and embark at London in a great the Interior, is to become Dr. Percy ship of this Line that tradition- Do not neglect to send your sub- ally and for nearly a century has scription or renewal now for 1934. Watson's assistant in Harwood Me- carried the vanguard of the The January and February numbers morial Hospital in Fenchow, North Church eastward to all the lands for 1933 are entirely sold out and were China. beyond Suez. P & 0 Liners, of exhausted soon after they appeared. transatlantic size and comfort, The January number is to be devoted *** stand for the Progress ofthe West to the addresses given at the United in scores of tropic ports and teem- Missionary Meebings-Dr. E. Stanley Mrs. Egerton R. Young, of To- ing harbours of the Indian Ocean Jones, Dr. Herman C. E. Liu, Dr. Wu, ronto, who' passed her 90th birthday and the Pacific. Natives measure Dr. Charles R. Watson and others. time by their swift and sure last April, is the sole survivor of a arrival. Low rates and new. fast, *** luxurious ships make the voyage Methodist Mission party which set an exceptional value. We plan in an early issue of THE out for western Canada in 1868 to REVIEW for 1934 to publish a series of work with her husband among the t'tN I N:)U LAR brief articles on "Has the Church at AND ORIENTAL AND Home Grown Tired of Her Mission- Indians. ary Job?" Don't miss the answers BRITISH INDIA STEAM from leading laymen, pastors, women, *** NAVIGATION COMPANIES missionaries and secretaries. Dr. Robert A. Ashworth, formerly *** editor of The Baptist, which is now merged with The Christian Century, Our Methods Department Editor re- has been appointed education secreports that she is being kept b~sy answering inquiries on the materIal that tary of the National Conference of appears in our "Effective Ways of Jews and Christians. Working." There is a larger response this fall than ever. Is this an evi- *** dence that the Churches are taking hold once more in earnest to promote Rev. Charles W. Turner, Ph.D., has the missionary enterprise? become Assistant Secretary of the *** Brazil Agency of the American Bible If you find this magazine of interest Society, with headquarters in Brazil's and help, your friends will also be new Bible House in Rio de Janeiro. benefited. Tell them what you and other readers think of the magazine. Dr. 'rurner was born in Argentina, It supplements but does not supplant of British parentage and spent a your own church paper. Here are a few unsolicited testimonies: number of years in business in South America. "I find that I cannot do without the REVIEW. I would miss an old friend." *** Regular sailings from London, MRS. A. A. BUNCE, Brooklyn, N. Y. Gibraltar and Marseilles to India, Dr. Harold W. Dodds, newly elected Ceylon. Burma. Straits Settle- *** President of Princeton University, is ments, China. Japan, Australia, New Zealand, Egypt, Sudan, "I have just sent my check to the a brother of Rev. Joseph L. Dodds, Per8ian Gulf, East and South Subscription Department feeling that Presbyterian missionary to India Africa, etc. I shall greatly profit by following since 1917, who is now on furlough your magazine in its presentation of Complete information from the facts and news pertaining to the in America. Upon his return he will YOU1 Local Agent or missionary cause. be Secretary of the Council for North (;UNARD~LINE BISHOP BENTON T. BADLEY, Bombay, India. India. … … …

Rev. Edwin W. Smith of London, GENERAL AGENTS has been elected President of the Roy- al Anthropological Institute. The son" 25 Broadway New York of a missionary, Mr. Smith g.ave 17 years to !la-speaking peoples. His treatise on these people of Northern Rhodesia is a classic among books of anthropology.

[521 ]

Rev. Cl(w.de L. PickeWl of

EXPERIENCES WITH DR. ZWEMER IN CHINA (See page 529.) Eurasia plane. Pilot putting baggage In plane. Dr. Z.'s book sack Leaving the Chinese Inn at Nien Pal, Tsinghai, on Sunday morn- just being handed In. Big Chinese character; sign of Post Omce. ing. Mr. Harris coming down steps toward Dr. Zwemer. Sian, Shensi. Intensely interesting conversation with a Moslem Mullat. East Miss G. Sayre and Mr. Ma, a converted Moslem pastor with Dr. Suburb, Sinlng, Tslnghai. Zwemer at the entrance to chapel in Moslem quarter, Cheng- chow, Honan. Posters on wall of East Gate. From right to left: For Moslems, Tibetans and Chinese—-Sinlng, Tsinghai. Audienoo coming from the American Southern Baptist Church after first meeting with Dr. Zwemer. Chengchow, Honan. REVIB ORLD VOLUME LVI AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER ELEVEN NOVEMBER, 1933 — – – – – – – – – – – – – – – ———~ Topies of the Times LET US GIVE THANKS release from the slavery of fear and the bondage Thanksgiving Day! This year many are tempted to sin and are realizing the 'power of new life and to feel that the present-day trials and hardships liberty and service. Note the revivals reported from China and the growth of the Church in make mourning more suitable than rejoicing and Korea and Africa; the changed lives in British sackcloth more appropriate than garlands. But and American communities. this is not true of Christians. Even the children of the Old Covenant gave sacrificial thank-offer- 5. For the many thousands who are quietly but ings all through their wanderings, hardships and earnestly praying, working and giving sacrificially to win men to Christ and to establish His control privations in the wilderness. Jesus Christ gave over every part of life. Note the street evanthanks over a mere handful of loaves and fishes gelism and personal work, and the movements to which were all He had to feed a hungry multi- Christianize all international, social and domestic tude; again He gave thanks when He was about relations. to be betrayed and crucified. The Apostle Paul gave thanks when he was facing certain ship- 6. For the young people who are volunteering wreck and repeatedly when he was a prisoner in for Christ's service in spite of the fact that the chains in a Roman dungeon. funds provided are only sufficient to send a very few to the field. Today African Christians give thanks to God in the midst of dire poverty; Chinese Christians 7. For the spirit shown by Christian workers give thanks in the midst of famine, flood and war; at home and abroad in the face of greatly reduced Indian Christians give thanks when enduring os- budgets, separation from children, and other diftracism, persecution and great privations. The ficulties. This spirit is shown in their faith, good spirit of Thanksgiving is not conditioned on phys- cheer and readiness to make further personal sacical health and material prosperity. rifices in order that the work may continue.

Today in America there are a multitude of Every Christian who thinks and prays can find reasons for Thanksgiving in the midst of world- innumerable other reasons for thanksgiving at wide unrest, threats of war, economic depression, this and at all seasons.

sickness, poverty and social evils. While the A CHRISTIAN RECOVERY CODE Word of God does not direct us to give thanks for everything, Christians are enjoined to give America has many patriots working hard to thanks in every circumstance. bring about better economic and industrial condi- Consider a few of these causes for thanksgiv- tions, under the principles and codes of the Na- ing today? tional Recovery Act promoted by the United 1. For the unshaken and unchanging founda- States Government. Leaders in various industries tions for our faith in the goodness, power and and trades have endeavored to draw up rules to love of God, as revealed in Jesus Christ. govern hours of labor and wages, to increase em- 2. For the victorious life, here and hereafter, ployment and to stimulate buying. Many minds made possible to all men through Christ. are at work in an honest attempt to relieve the 3. For the Church of God-made up from all present distress and to bring about a return of nations, races, tongues and classes-which is to- public confidence and of national prosperity.

day carrying on the ministry of Christ on earth. Others are still working for what they consider 4. For the multitudes of men, women and chil- personal self-interest, regardless of codes and dren in all lands who are experiencing the joy of general human welfare.

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All should honestly cooperate with the govern- men. Avenge not yourselves, but give place unto wrath. ment in the effort to improve conditions. At the same time we must recognize the fact that many (Romans 12: 16-19.) important factors are neglected or overlooked. Bear ye one another's burdens and so fulfill the law The N. R. A. program is an experiment; it does not include all activities-government employees, of Christ…… But let each man prove his own work, and high officials in state and business, the profes- then shall he have glorying in regard to himself alone sional classes, or most of the church and domestic and not of another. For each man shall bear his own workers. The adoption of codes cannot guarantee burden. Let us not be weary in well doing for in due the success of a business; high wages may involve season we shall reap if we faint not. (Galatians 6: 2-9.) inability to pay any wages. Labor unions are naturally taking advantage of the drawing up of Do nothing through strife or vainglory, but in lowliness codes to force from employers more acceptable of mind each counting other better than himself; not working conditions but they do not promise bet- looking each of you to his own things, but each of you ter service or fair returns to employers and in- also to the things of others. (Philippians 3: 3, 4.) vestors. The N. R. A. and the codes do not change human nature or guarantee truth, honesty and 4. If any will not work neither let hirp. eat …… We exunselfish service. The "new deal" offers no pro- hort, in the Lord Jesus Christ, that with quietness they gram for world recovery, and yet no nation to- work and eat their own bread. (2 Thessalonians 3: 10, day can effect national recovery while ignoring 12.) world-wide depression and unrest and while neglecting to make every effort to establish peace and The laborer is worthy of his hire. (Matthew 10: 10.) improve world conditions. Extort no more than that which is appointed you ….. . Extort from no man by violence, neither accuse wrong- Nineteen hundred years ago a Christian Re- fully; and be content with your wages. (Luke 3: 13, 14.) covery Act was promulgated by One greater than Work not (only) for the meat which perishes, but for any president or administrator. This code still the meat which abides unto eternal life, which the Son offers a program, not merely for personal and na- of Man shall give unto you. (John 6: 27.) tional benefit, but for world recovery, not only Putting away lying, speak ye truth each one with his for material and temporal unlift, but for spiritual neighbor; for we are members one of another. Be ye and eternal improvement. This code represents angry and sin not; let not the sun go down upon your the wisdom of the Creator and Ruler of the uni- wrath (provocation); neither give place to the devil. Let verse–and yet men ignore or neglect its provi- him that stole, steal no more but rather let him labor, sions. Would not these principles and regulations, working with his hands the thing that is good, that he if widely and honestly observed, in all lands and may have to give to him that hath need. (Ephesians 4: among all classes, bring about a national and 25, 28.) world-wide recovery that would abide? The sign Lay not up for yourselves treasures upon the earth of the Cross-a symbol of sacrifice–is a great ad- …..but lay up for yourselves treasures in heaven ….. vance over the sign of the Blue Eagle. for where your treasure is there will your heart be also. (Matthew 6: 19-21.) The following are some quotations from the Abhor that which is evil; cleave to that which is good. Bible C. R. A. that deserve attention: In love of the brethren be tenderly affectioned one to an- other; in honor preferring one another; in diligence not A Christian Social Code slothful; fervent in spirit; serving the Lord. (Romans 12: 9-11.) 1. Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, 5. Whoso shall receive one such little child in My name receiveth Me; but whoso shall cause one of these and with all thy soul, and with all thy mind, and with little ones that believe on Me to stumble, it is profitable for him that a great millstone be hanged about his neck all thy strength …… Thou shalt love thy neighbor as and he should be sunk in the depths of the sea. (Mat- thew 18: 5, 6.) thyself. (Mark 12: 30, 31.) Suffer the little children to come unto Me, forbid them not, for to such belong the kingdom of God. (Mark 10: 14.) 2. Owe no man anything, except to love one another; W.hosoever would become great among you shall be your servant and whosoever would be first among you for he that loveth another hath fulfilled the law ….. . shall be your bondservant. (Matthew 20: 26-27.) Let us not judge one another any more; but judge this Love worketh no ill to his neighbor; love, therefore, is rather; that no man put a stumblingblock in his brother's way, or an occasion for falling. (Romans 14: 13.) the fulfilment of the law. (Romans 13: 8, 10.) 6. Render therefore unto Cresar (the government) the things that are Cresar's; and to God the things that are This is My commandment: that ye love one another, God's. (Matthew 22: 21.) as I have loved you. (John 14: 12.) Take heed and keep yourselves from all covetousness; for a man's life consisteth not in the abundance of the Be ye kind to one another, tenderhearted, forgiving one things that he possesseth. (Luke 12: 15.) another; even as God for Christ's sake has forgiven you. Let everyone be in subjection to the higher powers …. Render to all their dues; tribute (taxes) to whom tribute, (Ephesians 4: 31, 32.) . custom to whom custom, fear to whom fear, honor to whom honor. (Romans 13: 1, 7.) Love your enemies, bless them that curse you, do good 7. Be not overcome of evil, but overcome evil with good. to them that despitefully use you and persecute you. (Romans 12: 21.) (Matthew 5: 44.) Seek ye first the kingdom (supreme sovereignty) of God and His righteousness. (Matthew 6: 33.) 3. Be not wise in your own conceits. Render to no man All things, whatsoever ye would that man should do evil for evil. Take thought for things honorable in the to you, do ye even so to them. (Matthew 7: 12.) sight of all men. If it be possible, as much as in you Go ye into all the world and preach the Gospel (good news) to every creature. (Mark 16: 15.) lieth (as far as you are concerned) be at peace with all

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

Such a C. R. A. code, under the Sign of the missionary endeavor. Some students of missions Cross, includes: believe that there are too many of these colleges and universities in some fields, supported by for- 1. Acknowledgment of the sovereignty of God, as He eign funds, and that many are run on too expen- sive a scale. is revealed in Jesus Christ, His Son. He has first claim When failure of home income makes it necesupon our lives, our love, our loyalty and all our posses- sary to reduce missionary budgets the question arises as to how the cut shall be distributed among sions. ' various forms of work. The expenses of institu- tional work are most difficult to reduce because of 2. The recognition of human brotherhood, the respon- the teachers employed and the general overhead costs. This is regardless of the comparative efsibility of all men, of every race, nation and class, to work; fectiveness of the work from a missionary point of view. We agree with the Bishop of Persia, Dr. and their right to the fruitIi of their honest labor, with J. H. Linton, that the chief question to be consid- ered in apportioning budgets and cuts is not which freedom from oppression, and the enjoyment of God's is the most difficult to discontinue but which is the most effective in winning men and women to good gifts. Christ and in the building up of strong Christian leaders and an effective, Christ-like, body of dis- 3. The responsibility of all men to serve their fellows ciples.

unselfishly, and to cooperate in efforts to promote peace, It is difficult to appraise the true effectiveness of any form of missionary effort. Some fruitage good government, goodwill and human welfare. is not seen for years after the seed has been planted. Other apparent fruit proves to be worth- 4. The recognition of the equal rights and privileges less. It is undoubtedly true that higher educa- tional mission work has done much to break down of both labor and capital to a just return for their invest- prejudice against Christianity and to promote in- telligence in the study of religion. At the same ment of time, talent and money, when used for the welfare time the question may fairly be asked: Are the results from a missionary standpoint what Christ of man and in harmony with the laws of God. and His followers have a right to expect? It is not possible for human agents to insure or pro- 5. A recognition of a higher life and more enduring duce such spiritual results; that is the work of the Spirit of God. But it is the work of Christian values beyond the temporal and material values, secured missionaries, teachers as well as preachers, to carefully prepare the soil, to plant good seed and only through Jesus Christ, and the life He has made pos- to care for it with the definite purpose of produc- ing a truly Christian harvest. Has any educasible by His life, death and resurrection. tional institution a right to be called a Christian missionary work that has not the definite aim, 6. Recognition of the need of all men for the best that fearlessly, lovingly and prayerfully carried out, to win men and women to an intelligent and sincere God has provided, the right of all to these gifts, and the acceptance of Jesus Christ as divine Lord and Saviour? With this aim and effort institutions obligation of those who have them to offer these privi- and workers may still be sorely disappointed in the results, but without it they cannot expect to leges to others. be effective in helping to carry out the purpose of Christ to "save the lost" or to "disciple all na- 7. The conviction that God is the One rightful and tions."

good Ruler of the universe, and that all mankind should The Aims of Mission Colleges cooperate in the establishment of His kingdom and pro- What are the acknowledged purposes of these missionary colleges and universities? The denomgram, which must and will prevail. inational insti,tutions are usually marked by the characteristics of the churches that conduct them. ARE MISSION COLLEGES EFFECTIVE? The union institutions, of which forty-three are listed in the new "Directory of Foreign Mission," There are listed in the World Missionary Atlas announce differing aims-some of which are desome one hundred and one Protestant missionary institutions of higher learning (colleges and universities) in the foreign fields. Most of these are in India (37), China (24), Japan (12), and the Near East (11). These do not include medical or Bible training schools. Among them are fortythree union or interdenominational institutions; the other fifty-eight are (or were recently) conducted by individual mission boards or independent organizations.

These institutions undoubtedly render an important service; they also represent the most expensive form of work conducted by mission agencies. The large outlay in buildings and other equipment, the maintenance of the staff employed and student support represent millions of dollars annual expenditure. They also present some of the most difficult problems in missionary work, due to the large proportion of non-Christian students, the number of non-Christian teachers, the need to maintain high technical standards, the influence of governments in dictating the policies and curricula, and the hostile attitude of parents and non-Christian leaders toward any effort to turn the students away from their traditional faiths.

Many of these institutions have been severly criticized on the one hand for failure to win the students to Christ, or on the other hand for overemphasizing the evangelistic purpose in Christian

cidedly disappointing. Four of these union col- support goes to missionary enterprises that are leges are theological seminaries, and four are true to Christ and to His Gospel as offering the wholly medical. Of the other thirty-five, eleven, only Way of Life revealed to men.

or about one-third, give no aim or purpose what- ever; twelve candidly state that their purpose and RE-THINKING HOME MISSIONS the character of their work is wholly to give a high type of secular education. Here are some of Every human enterprise needs to be critically the aims expressed: examined and revised from time to time to meet new conditions and to utilize new resources. To provide a college education of high standard for the Greatly increased power and new inventions make youth of China with a view to developing character and old machinery out of date. An ancient water- intellectual capacity.

To aid the youth of China to acquire a literary, scientific wheel would be out of place in the Muscle Shoals and professional education. To cultivate the highest type of character, to provide pro- Dam. A one-horse reaper is too antiquated to use on the great wheat fields of Manitoba. Even fessional training, to promote higher learning, and to in a divine enterprise, such as the work of the meet the needs of society in the spirit of love, sacrifice Church, the human equation calls for constant and service of its founders (China).

To carry out the educational aim of the Republic of China. improvement and better cooperation. To provide education for boys in arts, sciences and engi- The work of foreign missions has been sub- neering (Turkey). jected to many searching inquiries, and radical recommendations have been made for changes in Education of young men and women in the Near and Middle East (Syria).

Might not these colleges, so far as their aim is ideals and methods, and even for the adoption of expressed, be Confucian, Buddhist, Moslem or an entirely new aim and basis. Great progress Bolshevik? Have not many of them departed a has been made, both at home and abroad, in the long way from the purpose of their founders? If education of the Church; in the preparation of they seek support from Christians, it should be candidates; in the men and money available; in on an educational basis, rather than as Christian the development of self-supporting churches; in missionary institutions. the education of national Christian leaders in the mission fields; in the preparation and use of In contrast we note that twelve colleges and Christian literature and in international and inuniversities do not hesitate, more or less clearly, ter-church cooperation. Not all changes have been to express their definite Christian aim and pro- wise or effective-particularly those that involve gram. For example: departure from the ideals and standards of Jesus Christ as set forth in the New Testament. There Extension of the Kingdom of God in West China by means is still great room for improvement and progress of higher education under Christian auspices. in the use of our resources and in the discovery Christianization and education of young Chinese men. To provide a Christian higher education for women (India) . of more effective methods.

To provide broad foundations for the richest and fullest Has not the time come for a careful and fear- Christian living and to give (Korean women) special education in literature, music and home economics. less re-study of the whole Home Mission Field, That the institution (in Brazil) be founded on Christian program and problems? The changes in condi- principles, and that in the institution God and His tions, resources and needs are almost as great in Word for all time shall be distinctly acknowledged and America as in China or Japan.· There are no honored. longer vast unreached areas in Alaska and among To promote Christian education for the youth of Egypt the Indians, Mormons, Mexicans and pioneer set- and adjacent lands ……of the highest standards of tlers. Millions of immigrants are not now com- educational efficiency, and so as to discover to the Mos- lem world those living springs which are to be found in ing annually from Europe. There is a change in Christ….. . the problems presented by the Negroes and moun- It is true that the influence of some institutions taineers in the South. The saloon was formerly may be more Christian than their expressed aims, omnipresent and all city slums were moral and and that others may be less so, but is there any physical pest houses. In Eastern and Central good reason why Christians, who are seeking to states rural districts were either neglected or make Christ and His Way of Life known, should over-churched. Fifty years ago old fashioned fail to acknowledge this purpose? As we read of methods prevailed and there was almost no in- the early days of the Christian Church, and the terdenominational cooperation. Schools and col- history of pioneer mission work, we are thrilled leges then offered definite Christian education.

by the courage of those who were ready to live Immoral theatricals, dance halls and literature sacrificial lives, or to die the martyr's death for were under the ban of public opinion.

their faith. God honored their courage, fidelity Today great changes are noted in the occupa- and sacrifice. Loyal Christians in America and tion of all the former Home Mission territory; in England may well wish to be assured that their the restriction of immigration and in the new

Negro, rural and industrial problems. The com- sion fields and unemployed preachers can be brought to- ing of the automobile and improvement of roads, gether. has enlarged parishes; there has been a develop- 8. To study the relation of Christian principles and ment of community churches and growth of cooperation; prohibition of the traffic in strong drink ideals to such problems as war, race relations, temperance, morality, amusements and industrial and social justice, so as to include effective teaching on these subjects in has-for a time at least-altered the city slums. the regular program of the churches. 9. To suggest ways in which sacrifice and efficiency can But new, and often more difficult moral and re- be promoted in missionary administration by putting secligious problems, have arisen and call for solu- retarial, pastoral and all missionary work on the same tion. These are due to the increase of apartment high spiritual plane, independent of financial inducements. houses, the weakening of family ties, the spread 10. To study ways by which church members may be of immoral and degrading amusements and liter- more generally and effectively trained to understand and ature; the increase of materialism, rationalism sympathize with the needs and opportunities in the home and atheism in educational institutions; the de- field, so that they will give systematically, intelligently crease in church and Sunday-school attendance; and sacrificially to the work.

the growth of divorce, the spread of lawlessness, The Home Missions enterprise is complex. It and the general revolt of youth from old stand- cannot be separated from national, religious or personal problems but it has become so compliards and control.

Problems to Be Studied cated that the secondary aims and projects have often overshadowed the primary purpose. We These changes, with the increase of' national are in danger of losing sight of the central pur- wealth and the development of industry, call for pose, which is to lead the people of America to an a systematic and intelligent re-study of the whole intelligent and wholehearted devotion to Jesus Home Mission aims, needs and program. The Christ as Lord and Saviour and to enlist them in present results of Christian work in America are sacrificial service to advance His rule over all.

not building up a Christian nation. An investi- This can only be done by making Christ supreme gation should be undertaken by trained men and in all life.

women who have Christian ideals, knowledge, ex- perience and courage. Is it not time to reshape THE Y.M.CA. AND THE EASTERN CHURCH our plans, to realign our forces, to revise our methods and to reapportion our budgets, and to No interdenominational Protestant organization unite in earnest prayer in order that the Cause in the world has done a more remarkable and farof Christ in America may be advanced? The re- reaching work than the Young Men's Christian thinking of the whole home mission problem Association. The foundations were laid in a might include the following lines: prayer meeting nearly ninety years ago by George Williams, as a young business man. It grew out 1. To discover and reach the unoccupied and unevan- of a Young Men's Missionary Society and its exgelized areas – geographical, racial, social, industrial, pressed object was to "influence religious young spiritual. men to spread the Redeemer's Kingdom amongst 2. To eliminate waste of money and effort by reappor- tioning fields and types of service and by uniting kindred those by whom they were surrounded." This asorganizations, withdrawing many subsidies and closing sociation has spread over the world until there are 10,619 associations in fifty-four countries with fruitless enterprises. 1,442,315 members. Work for boys and young 3. To readjust Christian schools and colleges, closing or uniting some to form stronger institutions that will be true to evangelical standards, with good scholarship, so women has grown out of it and these organizaas to make them more effective in training Christian tions have become equally important. "Y" work leaders. has been broadened to include educational, social 4. To link wealthy city and suburban churches with and physical development as well as prayer, Bible study, and personal evangelism. Thousands of those that are struggling in needy fields in city mission districts and in rural areas, to divide incomes and ex- penses so as to curtail selfish expenditure on the one large buildings have been erected and national hand and to build up weak churches on the other. leaders have been trained in every nation. With the wide growth one difficulty has been to main- 5. To prepare better Christian literature adapted to tain its central purpose and definite evangelical present-day needs. This should include effective tracts and leaflets, children's books, more satisfactory Bible text books and project courses for church schools, upholding Christian character. New Testament teaching and preparing the coming generation for Christian life and service. One of the difficult problems faced has been the guidance of the work among people Christian in 6. To devise more adequate methods for enlisting and name but out of sympathy with Protestant evanpreparing trained teachers for church schools, as well as students for the Christian ministry and other Christian gelism. Roman Catholics have repudiated the work. Much of the present-day preaching and Sundayschool teaching is entirely inadequate. Y. M. C. A. but Greek Orthodox, Syrian, Arme- nian, Coptic and similar churches have generally 7. To study the supply and demand in the ministry and adopt some plan whereby unoccupied churches and mis- ,held aloof. Should the Y. M. C. A. seek to con-

vert, to placate or to bring new spiritual life to and principles for which it was founded-Bible these groups? study, prayer, evangelism, spiritual fellowship and Christian service. The great problem every- Recently (May 19-21) a conference was held in where is always to interpret and apply these Bucharest, Roumania, to consider the "objectives, ideals in a Christ-like spirit, according to New principles and program of the Y. M. C. A.'s in Testament standards, and in the face of prevail- 'Orthodox countries.''' This third "consultation" ing formalism and materialism. With an Associaof leaders from Eastern churches was held with tion, as with a church or a mission, its character leaders of the World's Alliance of Y. M. C. A.'s is determined, not by a set of principles adopted, and was presided over by Dr. John R. Mott. They but by the character of the personnel. Given a considered the great needs, perils and problems George Williams or a D. L. Moody, an effective of modern youth in these countries of Eastern leader in vital fellowship with God, and the suc- Europe, Western Asia and Egypt. These perils cess of the work is assured. The Associations and problems are due to unemployment, poverty, can have no higher ideal than loyalty to Christ as ignorance, materialism, moral laxity and atheistic expressed in the purpose and spirit of the founder, propaganda. It is not surprising that large num- but great care is required in the selection of secbers of the youth have become a prey to habits retaries, boards of control and other leaders. of immorality and dissipation. BIRTH OF A NEW RELIGION As a result of this and previous "consultations" a list of objectives, governing principles and a Moscow, Idaho, is known as the home of Psyprogram were adopted for use in the Y. M. C. A.'s chiana-the new psychological religion-founded in all these countries. The objectives include co- in 1930 by Dr. F. B. Robinson. This former Bapoperation with the existing churches "to afford all tist preacher and licensed pharmacist is the chief young men and boys adequate opportunities to promoter. have a personal experience of Christ and to communicate His Spirit in their daily relationships." He has succeeded in selling his courses, books They shall also seek to promote personal Chris- or magazine to over 100,000 inquirers in sixtytian character and faith, meet individual prob- seven different countries. The Rev. Clifford M. lems, give spiritual guidance, encourage devo- Drury reports, in the Presbyterian Banner, that tion to Christ, and develop leadership, unity and Dr. Robinson's bill for advertising Psychiana was service. $10,000 in thirty days. These advertisements are said to reach thirteen million readers. Dr. Rob- The Governing Principles state that the Y. M. inson is forty-eight years of age, the son of a Bap- C. A. is "distinctly Christian …… and seeks to tist minister in England, and for a time studied unite those young men who, regarding Jesus in McMaster University and the Bible Training Christ as their God and Saviour, according to the School of Toronto. After a short experience as a Holy Scriptures, desire to be His disciples in their Baptist minister he took up the study of psydoctrine and life, and to associate their efforts for chology and metaphysics. the extension of His Kingdom amongst young men." The Y. M. C. A. declares its "unswerving Dr. Robinson is of a religious nature and, while loyalty and faithfulness to the Church." All na- not now a Christian in the New Testament sense, tional associations are autonomous, any church claims to be a believer in God as a divine spiritual member may participate freely, and the field of law – the all-powerful, ever living source of service comprises all men and boys of the nation energy. He is an individualist and not interested in which it works. in the social application of what he teaches. He does not accept the deity of Christ or beliefs in The Association program "develops those atti- the virgin birth, the resurrection, the atonement tudes and practices in both the individuals and or inspiration of the Bible. He attacks many society which will increasingly reveal the whole church beliefs and practices-especially of the Roof the Christian Gospel." This constructive pro- man Catholic Church. A corporation he has gram includes educational work, mental, physical, formed in Idaho pays him $500 a month and large social and religious. The last· involves the inner returns have come in from advertising his courses. spiritual life and development into "the measure Sales for his books, courses and magazine subof the stature of the fulness of Christ." The pro- scriptions number 146,329. He has also entered duction of literature, community and world serv- into the practice of faith or psychological healing ice, stewardship, missionary responsibility and and a clinic has been established in Moscow. His leadership training are all excellent far-reaching religion seems to be a psychological experience objectives. promoted by clever advertising and a human de- sire for something new. This outline for the Y. M. C.A. work in Eastern "Orthodox" countries seems to indicate that the Association there is reemphasizing the purposes

A Flying Visit to Northwest

By the REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D.D., Princeton, N. J.

Editor of "The Moslem World"

N o JOURNEY by magic-carpet in "The Ara- Methodist Mission, and seven Chinese delegates bian Nights" could be more strangely fas- traveled with us for a similar conference at cinating than to travel by aeroplane from Chengchow. Here a meeting had also been ar- Sian, the old capital of China, to Lanchow in ranged for Chinese Christians to the number of Kansu, a distance of over four hundred miles in three to four hundred. The same evening an outthree and a half hours. Formerly this journey door meeting was held for Moslems where over took several weeks. Traveling afterwards by eight hundred were present. The message given mule-litter eight hours a day was on the Five Pillars of toward the borders of Tibet the Christian Religion. Here, and back across the great as elsewhere, we visited sparsely occupied areas of Northwestern China, where )! mosques and met inquirers. brave men and heroic women are facing loneliness and From Chengchow we travhardship with first century joy, gave one the opportu- eled to the end of the rail- road at Tungkwan, s eve n hundred and fifty miles from Shanghai. This railway will nity of re-thinking missions soon be extended to Sian, the in a way of which the Ap- old capital of China, but at praisal Committee n eve r present all passengers and dreamed. Such was our ex- freight must travel the long perience this summer. Days trail of ninety miles by of rare privilege, of an- motor car along roads that swered prayer, and of spir- are a I m 0 s t impossible beitual fellowship with the cause of blinding dust or saints on the frontiers of the deep mud and floods. Kingdom. We left Tungkwan at 10 The object of my visit, as a. m., June 25, expecting to in 1917, was to study Islam A CHINESE MOSQUE TOWER IN SIAN, SHANSI be in Sian at 3 p. m. But in China and to give a series we stayed that night in a of addresses at the summer small village off the main conferences. It proved im- road, east of Lin Tsz, which possible to hold the usual is less than one-third of the conference at Peitaho, be- way to Sian. All went well cause of disturbed conditions, but at Kuling and for the first twenty miles until a heavy wind and Mokanshan there was a very large attendance. To driving rain from the West caught us. Our back fill the time preceding these two conferences an left tire went flat; we put on a spare and drove a itinerary was arranged through the Society of mile or so and that tire also went flat; then we Friends for Moslems, of which my son-in-law, the had to mend one in the rain. The tire lasted a. Reverend C. L. Pickens, is the secretary. He ac- mile, until we came to a small wayside Taoist companied me, kept a diary of our experiences, Shrine where we had an old-fashioned blowout. and also took the photographs that accompany Off again at 6: 20 the next morning, we did not this article. arrive at Sian until the following afternoon. At The day after my arrival in Shanghai, June 20, Sian we were entertained at the home of the Rev- erend W. Englund of the Scandinavian Alliance we took the train for Kaifeng, central China. Mission.. The English Baptists and the Seventh- Two meetings were held here for missionaries and Day Adventists also have work here. There were Chinese Christians, and when we left the follow- conferences with the missionaries and large pubing day, Miss Murray, of the American Free [ 529]

lic meetings for Chinese Christians. We visited river current. Buckets on the rim of the wheel the site of the old Nestorian church in the West carried the water to a trough at the top. Our suburbs. The foundations of the church are in- party consisted of two muleteers, a Chinese cook side a large compound. Outside the main gate, at and ourselves, but at the various stages of the way the south, are a number of mounds said to be we were accompanied or met by missionaries who tombs of famous Nestorians. The gates are also rode out long distances to show their hospitable friendship. OUR PARTY CROSSING THE YELLOW RIVER On June 29 we crossed the Yellow River on a believed to be the original. The actual church small ferry boat. Everywhere the streams were foundation is about in the center of the compound. in full flood and our little boat carried some twenty Nothing is left now but the foundation of the pil- horses and mules of other travelers, a larger numlars and apse. The columns were about ten feet ber of men and all their baggage. When we were apart, with a large flat stone at one end, possibly in the middle of the stream, one of the horses tried where the baptismal font was placed. The Nes- to jump overboard. Soon after this Mr. Harris, torian tablet is no longer here, but is kept in the of the C. 1. M., met us coming from Sining. Just "Forest of Tablets," the Chinese archreological before crossing the Sining River we passed fl museum at Sian. very old, important Moslem center with ancient mosques. Everywhere there was evidence that we It was thrilling to remember the work of these were among the followers of the Arabian Prophet. earliest missionaries to China and the indelible The new Mohammedan Governor of this part of record of their faithfulness inscribed on the Nes- China is building roads and widening the mule torian tablet. We visited the Imperial Mosque at tracks to make them fit for motors, but the result Sian, one of the largest in China. is not always satisfactory. This plateau is some five thousand feet above sea level, and the moun- On June 28 we arose early for our journey to tains rise two or three thousand feet more on Lanchow by air. The Eurasia Airdrome is just either side of the gorges. Everywhere there were outside the city and our German pilot did every- fields green with grain and trees in full foliage. thing for our comfort. The air journey was with- Wheat, barley, mustard, peas, and clover seemed out incident, but we learned on arrival at Lanchow that the packing cases which formed our seat were :;~'- – ••••.~.w • all filled with munitions and dynamite for the .::-0 __ _ Chinese army. From Lanchow to Sining our way ::::. =~_-. :: .. was along the Yellow River valley and one of its I branches, the Sining. On the old maps this part of China is called Kokonor. At present it forms I the new Province of Tsinghai. to be cultivated here in profusion. We spent from We passed opium fields with poppies in full eight to ten hours a day traveling, but our mules bloom and learned that they yield twelve times and horses did not do much more than four miles the revenue of any other crop. As soon as we an hour. At night we stayed in Chinese inns. crossed over into Moslem areas, however, opium was no longer cultivated. The hills around us On July 3 we arrived at Sining, welcomed by a were of loes formation with deep canyons as pic- large company of missionaries. We had come in turesque as one could desire. The irrigation sys- six days a journey that took one of their missiontem used is that of large water wheels, forty to sixty feet in diameter with paddles turned by the

1933J A FLYING VISIT TO NORTHWEST CHINA

aries twenty-eight days, two years ago. In the on July 17 and after the conference and a delighthome of Mr. and Mrs. George Harris we not only ful visit at the Borden Memorial Hospital, went had lavish hospitality but our first bath for a by air to Sian and by motor to the railhead. On week, for Chinese inns do not resemble American the 23d we were at Hankow, and from there to hotels. Kuling and Mokanshan for the summer confer- Sining has a population of 100,000 and the ences. whole east suburb is Moslem. We visited the Some Indelible Impressions 1. The call of the unoccupied areas and the sta- tions so sadly undermanned. The Borden Me- morial Hospital, a fine institution, is the only hos- pital in Kansu for five million people. The three provinces of Kansu, Chinghai, Ningsia, and be- yond them Sinkiang, are all desperately in need of foreign and Chinese evangelists. The recent visits of Dr. and Mrs. Rhees and the Rev. F. D. Learner to the borders of Tibet bear out Miss French's statement that "To call Tibet a closed land is merely a piece of Satanic bluff!" Of the Moslem population the Reverend G. K. Harris says: "When one considers the peculiar stubbornness of the Moslem mind and the slowness with which the Christian message is admitted, and the small pro- A CHINESE MOSLEM GIRL mosques and had interesting conversations with A TYPICAL TUNG HSIANG MOSLEM Ahungs and their pupils. Last year some seventy Moslems from this province went to Mecca on pil- portion of the population touched in each village, grimage. Two days across the mountains brought it may be said that just a few dents have been us to Payangjung, another C. 1. M. station; and made ,in the outer edges." one day further on to Tsunhwa where we met the Holtons of the Christian and Missionary Alliance. 2. The ability and heroism of the rank and file Our highest point, 11,250 feet, was reached on of the mission workers. Again and again, while this part of the journey. On the next stage we re-thinking missions in the mule-litter (where came near to serious accident, when the newly made roadbed gave way because of rain storms and our mule-litter went over the side. We were at Hochow in Kansu by July 12. This is the great Moslem center which, with its villages, has a population of 400,000, and is a station of the C. and M. A. Here was the scene of the terrible massacres of the rebellion in 1928. We saw evidences of villages destroyed. The Moslems are now dominant. In the Pa Fang quarter they have a new mosque w.here 3,000 faithful worship on Friday and have a school of 400 pupils who study Chinese, Arabic, and English! We reached Lanchow again

one could neither sleep nor read), the moral beauty vide his own food. New bridges, new schooland glory of the enterprise carried forward by houses, new mosques were often in evidence. We such devoted pioneers dawned on us. The Lay- met no bandits and found the people, including men's Appraisal Committee should have met some the soldiers, everywhere friendly and the innof them. It would have modified their verdict. keepers hospitable. One of the China Inland missionaries, for example, is an Arabic as well as a Chinese scholar, and can 4. Islam in China is not moribund but chal- lenges attention through its program of education THE BORDEN MEMORIAL HOSPITAL and publication. Arabic books are printed at Sin- ing and the ahungs order scores of Arabic dicvie with Persian calligraphists in writing orna- tionaries from Beirut. The Nile Mission Press mental script. Missionaries who can collect bo- publications were eagerly accepted. No less than tanical specimens, study the geology, or correct twenty-two Chinese-Arabic periodicals are pubthe aneroid readings, the spelling of names, and lished in China and recent attacks on the Christhe course of rivers on the French and British sur- tian faith have appeared from the Peiping press. vey maps of China, are not "of limited outlook At Sining we found "Moslem Forward Moveand capacity." Of all the missionaries we met in ment" literature. General Ma has established Honan, Shansi, and Kansu, the last thing one schools in all the Moslem villages of the Province. would say is that "their vision of the inner mean- Chinese is taught in the morning and Arabic in ing of the mission has become obscured by the the afternoon. The Sufi Orders are in evidence intricacies, divisions, frictions, and details of a and we were surprised to find fairly large collectask too great for their powers and their hearts." tions of Arabic and Persian works in every Rather are they one and all doing a work whose mosque library. Many Tibetans have embraced inmost conditions even now are full of moral glory Islam. The Conference resolutions call for speand whose eternal issues (where they think there cially qualified workers and new literature to meet has been most failure) will redound to God's glory. this situation. "How fair the feet of the gospellers of peace of the gospellers of good !" The following Resolutions were passed at the Lanchow Conference confirming similar action at 3. There is a new China in the making. We Sining and Hochow. These resolutions were also saw signs of road building, reforestation, rail- endorsed by the larger conference held at Kuling. way extension, and plans for bus lines and ::erodromes. The new railway ferry between Nanking That there should be a sufficient proportion of qualified and Pukow is soon to give through service from full-time Moslem workers in Kansu. Ningsia and Tsin- Shanghai to Peiping. The use of motor cars is ghai Provinces to present the Gospel adequately to all extending to the frontiers of Tibet. Passengers classes of the Moslems, not forgetting the women and can be booked by the Eurasia Aviation Corpora- girls in scattered villages. tion from Shanghai to Urumtchi, 3,525 kilometers (2,188 miles) west from the coast, The great That these full-time work~rs should give special atten- "silk road" used by caravans and carts for cen- tion to the preparation of literature in Arabic and Chinese turies is being transformed. At Lao Hwa Cheng to meet all classes of the people. we passed many men going east to work on the road in the pass. Each family must furnish one That in districts where there are Moslems residing, all man with shovel or pick to work ten days and pro- missionaries should have some general knowledge of how to meet this special people, and that concise helps should be provided for giving such workers the necessary infor- mation.

That mission councils in designating workers to areas where Moslems reside, should take into consideration the appointment of those who, interested in the Moslems, are prepared to devote at least a proportion of their time to the work.

That a manual for workers among Moslems should be compiled, giving concisely all elementary information nec- essary and advisable for new workers to have, including sources of further information.

That in all tracts for Moslems in Chinese, the basic truths of our Christian faith, such as-the inspiration of the Bible, the Deity of Christ, the Virgin Birth, Cruci- fixion, Death, and Resurrection of our Lord, while pre- sented to the Moslems in a spirit of love, should never be toned down to avoid giving offense to them.

5. The Chinese Christians we met were spir- itually minded and increasingly conscious of their responsibility. They need our prayers and we need theirs. I shall never forget the outburst of revival prayer at Kaifeng and Chengchow, when the Chinese pastor who was my interpreter re-

AN ADVENTURE IN ETHIOPIAN EXECUTIONS

quested intercession. Also at the Conference for plans for evangelism, for better literature, and Chinese Christians at Kuling there were leaders, for closer cooperation. Best of all there is a felt men and women, who had the real missionary pas- need of God. In the words of the C. I. M. annual sion, for which there is no substitute. A number report: "IT IS WHAT He DOES THAT COUNTS. If volunteered to devote themselves to special service through the efforts of some 1300 (C. I. M.) misamong Moslems; one, a layman, expects to study sionaries and some thousands of Chinese workers Arabic. At Kuling, through the kindness of anything effective has been accomplished, God has Bishop Lorin H. Roots, of the Protestant Epis- been the doer of it. No one who has seen Him at copal Church, I met General Chiang Kai-Shek, work will ever be satisfied with anything less than head of the present government, who became a a manifestation of His power. The Gospel may Christian about three years ago. He is rightly be preached, meetings may be held, and statistics described as "taciturn, imperturbable, far-sighted, tabulated; there may be evidences of conscienautocratic, and one of the ablest Chinese in office." tious self-denying activity, but all will be utterly He and his charming wife, a graduate of Welles- fruitless unless His Hand is stretched out to ley, welcomed us into their Christian home and bless." And it is. asked for the prayers of the missionaries in the present crisis and need of China. At Shanghai we Our safety on the journey was an answer to met a distinguished group of Chinese Christians prayer and it is with thanksgiving to God that at a Chinese dinner, all of them members of the we record the memory of His great goodness and Church of Christ in China. They are laying large express our firm faith in the sure coming of His Kingdom in spite of sword and flood and famine.

An Adventure in Ethiopian Executions* By DR. J. ALVIN ORR, Jr., Addis Ababa, Ethiopia George Memorial Hospital, United Presbyterian Mission N OT long ago there was brought to this hos- lowed to go free and may not be punished again. pital a man who had stared death in the Only rarely does a man so doomed to death es- face and escaped it. He had been, by Ethiopian law, adjudged a murderer and been cape his fate. But if his bonds are loose, or the condemned to death because of his crime. In this rifle not accurately pointed, he occasionally does part of Ethiopia, legal executions are performed cheat death. by shooting-provided the incensed relations of the deceased refuse blood money or the criminal Such a patient came to us with two bullet is unable to pay it. wounds. One of the missiles had torn away a piece of his neck, but had damaged no vital struc- The condemned man or woman is strapped into ture. A second had traversed his chest, entering a chair and the bonds are made tight. The rifle just above the heart and emerging below the is in an adjoining room and is mounted on a tri- shoulder blade. The third bullet had missed him pod fixed in stone. Between these two rooms there entirely. Truly, this man had escaped death "as are two doors, closely resembling each other, but by fire." one is a door of wood and the other is of pasteboard. It is through this latter door that the We treated him and he recovered. Meanwhile, bullets come. our evangelistic teachings had not fallen on un- willing ears. When this patient left the hospital, The relatives of the murdered man or woman well and strong again, he requested the gift of a have the right to fire the gun-done by simply Bible (for he had no money) that he might go pressing the trigger, for there can be no aiming and tell to others the Glad Tidings he had re- -if they so desire. If not, it is discharged by a ceived. soldier. Only three bullets may be shot. If, by any combination of circumstances, the condemned Here was a man who had been a murderer; is not killed by the volley, he may be taken to a had been condemned to death and had almost hospital for the treatment of what wounds he has miraculously escaped. He had been healed of his received. If he survives these wounds, he is al- wounds, and had heard the Word of God. He had desired to tell others of Christ and what He had * From The United Presbyterian. meant to him. Surely this was part of God's di- vine plan.

Day of Opportunity in

By DR. W. M. MONTANO, Lima, Peru Evangelical Union of South America, Lima, Peru POR a long time we have been praying that had a Sunday school, and Easter Sunday at Sun- God would raise up at least one of our young day school the attendance had increased a great people that, without fear or shame, would go deal due to the special announcements and inter- through the streets of Lima carrying a sign board est that had been created. Sunday afternoon, as with announcements of the meetings on one side the programs had all been given, the young men and a Scripture text on the other. During Easter were sent out with their sign and the congregation week one of our young men, a member of the Gid- in the evening again proved what splendid result eon League, said that he was ready. I began to this way of advertising was giving. The church paint the sign with large letters on a piece of was again filled and for the greater part new faces cardboard. Some young men appeared "with hid- could be seen and they remained during the whole den gifts." One knew how to draw, another was service listening to the sermon, "The Risen a carpenter, another a splendid announcer. We Christ." We would like to put these souls in finished the sign and let the announcer go through your hearts so that with your prayers you may the streets. It was a true novelty for Lima. The help them.

people, accustomed to seeing announcements of One side of the sign had the following: LISTEN!

theaters carried in such a way through the streets TODAy…… (naming the day) (theme of the were greatly surprised. On Thursday of Easter conference), PUBLIC SERVICE BY. . . . .. ADDRESS, week many were coming out from the Catholic FREE ENTRANCE. On the other side, "John 3: 16"

churches. The sign board was written with great was written in clear and large letters. The young prudence. The people asked the young man and men told us that this text was read by all classes his companion to stop long enough so that they with much interest, and that many asked many might be able to read the notice on one side and questions concerning the Protestants, for the most the text on the other. Many gathered and with part the people think that we do not believe in consideration asked the announcer how to reach God, or in Christ, nor in anything that has to do the church. It was necessary to wait until the with religion and heaven; that we harm the peo- evening to see what effect the sign would have on pIe and that we are Satan's agents. It is hard to the meeting. What a marvel! The church was believe that in a city such as Lima the people will filled, and eighty per cent were new people, intelli- believe everything the priest tells them and can gent people, people of society. be so deceived. It is not so strange that the more This encouraged us to follow the same practice simple country folk that live in the mountains be- for Good Friday. The young men announcers lieve these things; and there they believe that we went toward the "Plaza de Armas" (Main have horns. That is what they said when I visited Square). The majority showed consideration and one of these places. The priest had said to his respect, but at the hour of the procession some congregation "that one has Devil's horns on his fanatical women called the young men "Judas," head, and you will notice that he wears his hat and said that no doubt they were receiving at least quite low so as to hide them." When these poor 100 8ole8 as pay for announcing the meetings. people begin to realize the folly of all of this, They spat, pushed and threw stones at them. Be- they begin to have more confidence in us and little fore these young men left to do this work prayer by little they follow the Way of the Lord. But the was offered for them and while they were out we most difficult is to get them to trust us and to do prayed for their protection. They conquered away with their prejudice and suspicions. It may through God's power and their prize was to see be due in part, the attitude of the Romanists the church filled to overflowing, and benches were against Protestants, to the fact that many of the placed in every spare place. Among so many the workers and missionaries instead of feeling the believers could hardly be distinguished; the pulse with great caution and prudence as to their greater percentage were new. God gave us the beliefs, and accommodating their messages to the victory. Sunday was the next meeting to be held. idiosyncrasy of these people, they hold arguments During these special days we announced that we and controversy against their belief, which is [ 534 ] their life. "If you tell me that Mary had more their lessons of work without any interruption.

sons, I will never become an evangelical," a Cath- God is showing us as well that another of the olic priest told me when we began some very in- secrets toward the road to success is to form in teresting talks together as he has recently become the Church, as Church, the habit of prayer. When interested in the Gospel after being a priest for the believers are ready to get up at an earlier hour 25 years. He has asked to be baptized, but I told than they are accustomed to doing and pray to him that this· act could not save him. I answered God, the same thing that happened in China and neither I nor anyone else could say that Mary had in Japan will happen here. More than a year ago more children, although such an act would not we established prayer meetings at six o'clock in harm her condition of santification. Another the morning, and after sometime, for different cirpriest, a short time ago, called in a very urgent cumstances, we suspended them. Now we have manner, saying that he wanted to leave the con- started them again. The first Sunday nine came vent and become an evangelical. These reports to the service; the following, thirteen; and the show how these people think on religious mat- third, sixteen. In the same way, we have again ters. The subject of the text had a very good started that which we had a little more than a effect and I am sure that it was used as fire and sword by God's spirit to speak to hundreds of hearts, and I could almost say to thousands, be- cause of the great number of people that were in the streets during those days. The number that came to our service on "Good Friday" was far greater than all of those other congregations put together.

Lately God is showing us His way of accom- plishing the best results. He is putting into our hands humble and simple instruments that are necessary. We have often forgotten what God did with Moses and with David, using their AN EVENING MEETING IN THE EVANGELICAL CHURCH strength and vigor. Here we have a group of young people and to know how to lead them is the year ago-special meetings for the edification of method of winning them in Latin America. The the believers. In these services we enter into the older believers, with all of their love and inter- innermost of our Christian duty. We ask for est, have been born in prejudice and have been prayers that there may be great blessing in these reared lacking true character in our countries. meetings as well as in the others. Just now we Studying the glorious history of the Protestant are praying that God will lead us in enlarging our Saxon, we find that the young people had to ac- circle of action. Having at present seven differ- complish that which those that had gone on ahead ent places for our Cottage meetings in the differ- were not able to accomplish. From all this we ent sections of the city, we would like to have find greatest results. God has used those of long another hall where it would not be at the mercy experience generally for edification, but He has of the owner of the house that for some reason or raised up the young people to explore and to pierce other he would have to move away, leaving us through the enemy's camp. That which is lacking without a house in which to go on preaching and is to realize "that who does not venture" cannot obiliging us to lose sight of our interested ones pass over the sea. There will not be those who after we have worked hard to have them as be- can build up or confirm if they have not gone to lievers. It would not only help us to reach new the attack and have come back with their con- souls having meetings firmly established, but it quered. The older believers' fear is made up in would be a place where some of our gifted breth- its lack with the fervor and bravery in the new ren of our Church at Mandamientos could exer- believers. It is not the same in Saxon countries, cise in the ministry of preaching and thus have where for many years has had evidence of Prot- a ministry among the laic brethren. With this estantism. The actual generations of Saxon same thought we have established meetings here Protestantism have their inheritance of strength at the church on every Monday night. We have and they were born in bravery and it is natural these meetings on the style of a small institute that they keep this same vigor, this same passion where we prepare the members of the Gideon and this same vitality. In our countries it does League in the art of winning souls, teaching them not happen that way. For that reason the desire how to distribute tracts, how to invite people to a burns within us to educate this group of young meeting, how to give a testimony, how to preach.

people so that with the coming generation, this We do not know what the result will be, but I ask same group leave their footprints of strength and you to pray.

Migrant Spanish~Americans

Results of Religious Work in Northern Colorado –<111_ By LAURA MAKEPEACE, Fort Collin" Coloudo l~o- HAVE you ever known a Ladies' Aid Society is a state affair, sponsored by the Denver Com- that was so popular that all of the men munity Players. Because of the colorful costumes wanted to attend? Such a society meets and Spanish music, they won first place in the every Tuesday afternoon in the First Presby- church group. terian church in Fort Collins, Colorado. It is ~omposed of Spanish-American women. They and One evening, about two years ago, when the cheir families do seasonal work in the sugar beet young people met in the church for a rehearsal, a fields. Their pay is pitifully small, and the living strange youth appeared. He introduced himself problem during the winter months is serious, at Bernardo Valdez and said that he and his famoften tragic. These women have made many ily had recently moved to Fort Collins. He had quilts for the needy of their own number, and heard that Protestant services were held in this they do other sewing whenever they are able to church for Spanish-Americans and that the young secure material. Under the supervision of a few people were meeting that evening, so he had come American women of the church their meetings to get acquainted. are such happy occasions that old and young attend, even the young men if they can find any Mrs. R. A. Johnson, who has sponsored this excuse. work from the beginning, was impressed with his bearing, so different from the usual hang-dog shy- The Christian Endeavor Society also, while ness of the other young men. As she had not yet planned for young people, is so interesting that it assigned the leading man's part in the "Wedding is difficult to limit it to them. In Spanish-Amer- Feast," she gave it to Bernardo. When he began ican communities, the girls are closely chaperoned to practice, she feared that she had made a misand as they are never permitted to associate freely take for he could scarcely speak intelligible Engwith young men, the older generation find the lish. But he worked hard and was determined to American custom hard to understand. They do make good. not feel just right in allowing their young people to work and play together without their parents' He attended the services faithfully for a time, supervision. and then came less and less frequently. While he had had very little schooling, he was far superior There is little or no wholesome recreation for mentally to the other boys and girls in the church. the Spanish-Americans in this community, so that They recognized this and were not very friendly the church is trying to fill this need. In addition with him. This made him feel so lonely that he to the regular services and group meetings, there found friends elsewhere. Some of these were not is a Christian Endeavor social every month and good companions and he began to drink and let a party for the entire congregation. down his standards generally. Mrs. Johnson found out the difficulty and, after a time, was abl8 An annual Thanksgiving dinner is given at to win him back. which only Spanish foods are served. There is always a Christmas party with a tree, Santa Claus, Bernardo's story seems strange in these United and gifts for the children. Each little girl receives States. He was born in a tiny plaza in New Mexa ten-cent doll that has been dressed by girls in ico, twenty-one years ago. His father was a clever the American Sunday school, and each little boy Spanish-American politician who could read and receives a ten-cent toy. They bring much joy for write both Spanish and English, and had more that is all the Christmas that most of them have. than average intelligence. Mrs. Valdez is igno- rant and superstitious, and has little in her favor. The young people have produced several plays. Last year they portrayed a Spanish wedding and They were Roman Catholics and Mr. Valdez fiesta at an Old Fiddlers' contest in Fort Collins. was also a Penitente, a sect of the Spanish Cath- It was so well received that they repeated it at an olics who take most solemn vows and perform amateur players' contest in Denver. This contest many secret rights. During Holy Week, they tor- ture themselves unmercifully and one of their [536 ] number is always placed on a cross until nearly is a college graduate, is helping him with his dead. Bernardo joined the Penitentes and was a studies there. faithful member as a young boy. Bernardo wants to become a Christian minister The father was not satisfied with what he found but is handicapped with his family. He manages in his religion and left it, but took nothing in its his mother and the younger children like a father place. He read his Bible, however, and was con- and they adore him and obey him. Mrs. Valdez is stantly seeking for the light. Bernardo also read too ignorant to be of any help, and is really his his father's New Testament as a child without most serious problem. Some months ago, while knowing that it was part of the Bible. he was working in a quarry some miles from home, she dropped the coffee pot on her foot, scald- Later the family moved to Denver and there ing it badly. Bernardo was sent for and took her came in contact with the Rev. Jose Candaleria, to a doctor. He then returned to his work and in pastor of a Protestant church for Spanish-Amer- his absence, a neighbor came in and began to tell icans. They began to attend his church, and after Mrs. Valdez that doctors are no good, and that a time, Mr. and Mrs. Valdez joined it. Bernardo the foot would never get well with his treatment. had heard of Protestants in New Mexico, but had She was persuaded to call in a Spanish herb docbeen taught that they were terrible people, tor. This woman boiled some weeds in a pot, rescarcely human. It was hard for him to get away moved the doctor's bandage and placed the injured from his early teaching, but after four years, he foot into this concoction at the same temperature decided that there must be something in this new as the coffee that had scalded it. She charged $2 religion. His father ceased to get drunk after he a visit and had made four visits before Bernardo joined this church and never again abused his came to town again. Thus his scanty earnings wife. were wasted and the foot was made worse. This is only one instance of his difficulties. Before Bernardo joined the Protestant church, he returned to New Mexico to the old plaza to re- BERNARDO VALDEZ-A BORN AGAI:-; MEXICAX nounce his vows to the Penitentes. When the purpose of his visit became known there, all of the doors of the plaza were closed to him. Finally, one boy friend persuaded his parents to allow Bernardo to stay in their home for a short time but they were none too cordial.

The father died when Bernardo was sixteen, so that he became the head of the family and had to support his mother and four younger children, ranging from three to nine years old.

Last summer he was a delegate to a religious conference for Spanish-American young people at Geneva Glen, Colorado. This opened a new world to him. He found the leaders to be wonderful Christian men who encouraged him and helped him solve some of his personal problems. He learned what a real Christian life could be and, since returning home, has tried his best to live such a life. He is now president of the Christian Endeavor society and teaches a class of boys in the Sunday school. Bernardo has a burning desire to get an education. When talking about this with Mrs. Johnson one evening, she asked, "Do you really want to study?"

"Do I? Just give me a chance," he replied. Mrs. Johnson gathered together some old school books, assigned some lessons in them and told him to return in a few days for his first lesson. As he went out of the door with the books in his arms, he turned and said, "Now I have hope." "Hope of what, Bernie?" she asked. "Hope of being somebody," he answered. He studied faithfully all winter and made remarkable progress. At present, he is working in a reforestation camp and one of the foremen, who

The Spanish-Americans were brought to north- day service. The work grew rapidly and soon Mr. ern Colorado by the Great Western Sugar Com- Sanchez was conducting church services after the pany, mostly from their homes in the little plazas Sunday school. A mid-week prayer meeting is in New Mexico though a few come from old Mex- held every Friday evening in the Sanchez home ico. With the closing of European immigration, with more people attending than there are resilaborers were needed in the sugar beet fields, and dent members of the church. One hundred and these people seemed to solve the problem. They nine people have been received into the memberwork for a season on one farm, and the next year ship of the church. Since there is no other Protmay be located many miles away, so the group is estant work among them in this community, it constantly changing. Most of these people were draws members from all denominations. born in the United States; their ancestors were here before the English landed on the Atlantic Owing to the fact that these people remain in seaboard, but they are just as foreign as immi- the community for such a short time, the actual grants fresh from Spain. Few of them speak number of resident members is always small. The English, and few have ever been to school. Their Sanchez family is the only one that has remained superstition and ignorance are almost unbe- here during the six years. lievable. In March, 1933, the Rev. Uvaldo Martinez was Most of them are Roman Catholics, but there appointed to look after the work in Fort Collins are a few Protestant families. Outstanding among and Greeley. Both Mr. and Mrs. Martinez are them is the family of Lino Sanchez that arrived graduates of mission schools in New Mexico. He is also a graduate of McCormick Theological Sem- SPANISH AMERICAN SUNDAY SCHOOL IN FORT inary, and is well fitted for the work. COLLINS, COLORADO The Spanish-American Protestants are happy in 1924. Mr. and Mrs. Sanchez attended mission to have religious services and the work has met a schools in New Mexico, and Mr. Sanchez has two real need. The leaders have three obstacles to brothers who are Christian ministers. Soon after meet. their arrival, they joined the Presbyterian Church and their children began to attend Sunday school. First, is the migrant character of the people. In two or three years, there were children from Many move on before they make any progress, several families in this Sunday school, but they often to communities where there is neither relidid not mix very well with the American children. gious nor social work for them. Noticing this, two primary teachers, Mrs. R. A. Johnson and Mrs. E. G. Mickle felt that these chil- Second, they are so ignorant that most of them dren should have a Sunday school of their own. must be taught and looked after like little chil- dren. At first, they spent their money as fast as These women called on the pastor of the church, they made it. Automobile and radio salesmen Dr. Leon Stewart, and put their idea before him. could easily persuade them to buy what they did He suggested that they call upon Mr. and Mrs. not need, usually on the installment plan. When Sanchez and this family was delighted with the they could not keep up their payments, as was idea. They not only promised to attend the Sun·- often the case, their purchases were taken back. day school themselves, but to get word to all other Thus they lost both their money and their car or Spanish-American Protestants that they knew. radio. The depression has taught them many things. They do not now buy luxuries as readily The new school was organized on the first Sun- as they did and they make their little money go day of March, 1927, with Mr. Sanchez as super- farther. One family of five is living on $15 a intendent. There were eighteen Spanish-Amer- month. icans present. These women have continued in this work during the six years since its organiza- Third, even though they may be years or even tion, while Mr. Sanchez has never missed a Sun- generations away from Roman Catholicism, they fear the priests. If a child is very sick, the priest is sure to arrive. He tells the poor, ignorant parents that their baby is lost unless they let him baptize it at once. Many times he is able to frighten them into submitting. They need educa- tion as well as religion for they are not inferior mentally when given a chance. Even with good educations, it is difficult for them to obtain good positions outside of their own communities.

This can never be a tolerant or Christian nation while we continue to discriminate against some of its citizens. This intolerance is holding these Spanish-Americans down and is keeping them from their birthright as American citizens.

Gospel for the Poor in India*

How Christ's Program Is Being Carried Out Among the Outcastes By DR. SAM HIGGINBOTTOM, Allahabad, India The Spirit of the Lord is upon me because he hath an- me looking for Indian illustrations for economic nointed me to preach the gospel to the poor; he hath sent truths?" me to heal the broken hearted, to preach deliverance to the captives, and recovering of sight to the blind, to set at All of my previous reading had lead me to think liberty them that are bruised; to preach the acceptable year of India as the land of pomp and pageantry; the of the Lord.-St. Luke 4: 18. land of the nabob and the Maharajah; the land of elephant processions with their gorgeous trap- I N 1903 I landed in India, a layman; expecting pings; the land of sumptuous splendor. I have to do evangelistic work among the outcastes. seen spectacles in India which could scarcely be No people in the course of human history have matched in any other country. During the war I suffered for so long a time as was director of agriculture for the outcastes and untouchables one of the Indian maharajas of India. They have been de- It is difficult to reach a who maintains an army of ten nied ordinary human rights; man's mind when he is igno- thousand, including an elephant they have been oppressed, sup- rant and oppressed. Perpetual battery. To watch these great pressed, depressed, by the famine is not good prepara- beasts pull the guns down the upper castes. tion for spiritual life. Few parade ground is enough to When I reached India, in- who have not seen it realize give one a real thrill. the extreme poverty, ignostead of letting me work among There is still this India of the untouchables, the mission rance and spiritual depression splendor and munificence, but sent me to teach in a college. in India. Dr. Higginbottom the India I saw with the stu- They didn't ask me what I could shows how the full program dents in the mud village, was a teach; they told me what I of Christ not only includes land of great poverty. I saw must teach. The subject had the preaching of the Gospel men and women eating millet, interested me little in college. but the feeding of the multi- which we in America call bird tudes, the enlightening of It was economics. The text- minds and the release of the seed. In India men and women books were English and Amer- physically oppressed. None will take some of this in the ican; the students Indian, do- of these lines of service suf- right hand, throw some of it fice without the Gospel but ing their work in a foreign lan- they are necessary features of into their mouths and chew, guage. It is much harder in the Christian missionary pro- chew, chew. Some people told India for a student to secure his gram. us that if they could have all of education than in America. this seed they needed every day Thus it was easy for me to per- they would be satisfied with suade these students to come life. But sometimes in the hot with me on some of the frequent holidays-which weather they have no work, and therefore no form a pleasant feature in Indian education. wages and no food. Very frequently they have About eighty per cent of the students are Hindus, to skip a day, and so have nothing to eat.

ten per cent Moslems, five per cent Christians, the I saw little children, from toddling age to seven other five per cent might come under that category or eight years old, simply dressed in their birth- Mr. Kipling speaks of as the "lesser breeds with- day suits; strutting around with enormous, pro- out the law." In the interest of religious liberty tuberant stomachs, supported on two little straight we permit students to observe their own religious sticks of bone. The faces of these children were holidays. I said to them: "Won't you forego the pinched and !?trangely wizen.

pleasure of some of these holidays and come with "What is wrong with these children?" I asked.

"Are they suffering from some disease?"

• An address delivered before the United Brooklyn Foreign Mis- "Oh no, Sahib; they are the children of the sions Conference, Thursday, April 20, 1933.' not revised by the poor." speaker, [539 ]

There is not a cow in this village that will give common material for cleaning the walls and floors.

more than a quart of milk a day; therefore milk The women take fresh cow dung, mix it with clay, is a luxury beyond the reach of these children. and make a smooth plaster. It is also used as They are fed on a diet of rice with a little split pea medicine, both internal and external. The other soup poured over it. In seeking nourishment out manures they cannot use because of caste. I think of this, the children gorge themselves. Many of about thirty per cent of the disease in India would them die. disappear, dysentery, the cholera, hookworm and All India, measured by any standard, is a land other intestinal parasites, if proper sanitation of great poverty. I thought it was not right that could be introduced. Certain villages show one people should live permanently undernourished to hundred per cent intestinal parasitism; many such a degree they were physically incapable of schools show that 80 % are suffering from disease good work. So I said to government officials and that would be prevented, if there were simple missionaries, "If you are justified in giving any obedience in India to the sanitary code of the education, surely you should teach the majority of Mosaic law.

the people of India how, out of their own soil, to People also say, "You protect your crops against grow crops to provide enough food to have a sur- wild animals and birds; we can't do that." Mr.

plus with which to pay taxes and rent and buy Gandhi holds to the doctrine that when a man or things required." animal or insect dies, the spirit goes into some "Don't you know," they replied, "that these In- other body. In India they believe that hundreds dians have been cultivating the Ganges Valley for of millions of rebirths must be experienced before centuries? They have worked out a very delicate Nirvana is attained. Where the Ganges and balance between the fertility of the soil and the Jumna and Sarasmati rivers come together I amount of crop they dare take out of it." have seen a crowd, estimated to be between four I have come to have a profound respect for the and five million people, gathered at one place, at Indian farmer and I do not suggest a departure one time, for one purpose; they come together from their methods until I have found a good rea- from the ends of Hindustan, believing that if they son. can dip in the water where those sacred streams Finally, after spending two years in America, meet they will get rid of one hundred thousand studying agriculture, I returned to India and rebirths for each dip. They are anxious to reach started an agricultural college. We have now Nirvana, which is a state of Being without con- learned how, on this very poor land, to grow sciousness or personality; they wish to escape crops so large that if all of the cultivated acres of from life-the greatest gathering of human be- the United Provinces produced as well as the mis- ings anywhere in the world, bear witness to a con- sion farm produces, then the United Provinces ception of life as a burden, a weariness, something would be the richest agricultural district in the to be escaped and avoided. No greater contrast is world. No other equal area of the earth's surface possible than between this concept of life and the has so many people as the Ganges Valley. We cut concept of Him who said, "I am come that they alfalfa ten to fourteen times a year; four tons to might have life and have it abundantly." This be- the cutting. My boy, David, who is now thirteen, lief in transmigration makes a great difference in was interested in counting how many things we India because the people believe that every bird could have on our table that could be home grown and beast and reptile and insect possesses a soul if we so desired. Some days he would count and spirit, and that i;f they destroy one they think twenty or twenty-five things on the table, grown it is committing murder.

on the farm or in our garden-milk, butter, cheese, A few days before we left Allahabad, I was sugar, bread, oranges, lemons, limes, qumquats, asked to visit a village eight miles away, where pomelos,grapefruit, custard apples, bananas, jack it was said the rats were doing great damage to fruit, peanuts, Irish potatoes, sweet potatoes, crops. My colleague went with a low caste man cauliflower, peas, beans, beets, garlic, onions, rad- who carried a calcium cyanide gun-being an out- ishes, lettuce, celery, egg plant, squash and cu- caste he can kill animals. When this low caste cumbers. Weare now growing these things in man comes to a rat hole, he pumps the plunger great variety, and in amazing abundance. and sends the calcium cyanide dust into the hole, I pointed out to my village neighbors that this puts in a plug of wet mud and goes on. He knows poor land, which they said was useless to plow, that if a rat, porcupine or snake is in that hole was producing these good crops. They said, "Yes, in due time it will become first-class fertilizer.

Sahib, but you use manures that we can't use be- In this village, where the rats had destroyed grain, cause of our caste, and our religion. We could use we used this calcium cyanide gun on a field of cattle manure, but there are so many other uses five-eights of an acre. In the four days we killed for it that there is little left for fertilizer." Cow over eleven hundred rats. But these caste Indians manure is a common fuel in India; it is also the say: "Sahib, didn't God make rats as much as he

THE GOSPEL FOR THE POOR IN INDIA

made me; aren't rats entitled to their share as "We all know the cattle problem is because the much as I? Sahib, I won't kill a rat." Hindus worship the cow. They permit all of the Two Indian gentlemen-two Hindus-one a pro- cow family to live and breed; the result is the fessor in the Allahabad University; the other one cattle of India are not only increasing in number, a farmer, estimated that the rats of India destroy but they are deteriorating in quality. India has ten per cent of the grain every year; that is from too many cattle, let's have packing houses and re- seven to ten million tons, but because the people frigerating ships; Europe will take all of India's have such respect for the rat, they permit it to go surplus beef." My good friend, the Hindu pundit, on destroying the grain. expressed his regret that t)1e chairman had not The monkeys of India make commercial or- ruled the remarks out of order, for said he, "I charding almost impossible. Thirty per cent of could not have stayed in the room, had I known the diseases are said to come because people eat you would permit such discussion; I would as soon too much grain, and not enough milk, vegetables discuss the murder of my mother as the murder of and fruit. You would think, since fruit can be a cow."

grown so easily, they would grow more fruit. A This orthodox Hindu pundit got his religion Hindu friend of mine, one of the most enlightened from his mother. India is what the mothers of men I have ever known, a wealthy landlord, was India have taught it. I do not see how India can anxious to improve the status of his tenants. He flake much progress until we tackle in some more owned several thousand acres, equadistant from adequate way, the problem of the village woman.

three of the greatest cities of the Ganges valley. She is almost one hundred per cent illiterate, and He said, "With these markets so near, my tenants can only hand on to her boy what she has. If we would do better were they growing fruit and vege- can educate her, train her, give her mind a con- tables than wheat and barley." He helped the tent, give her something worth while to pass on to farmers plant thousands of fruit trees and for the her boy, we will see a different India. There are first few years they did well. Then the monkeys many noble women in India but they are the vic- got in and made themselves intolerable. The peo- tims of a system.

ple said, "Sahib, we would better chop the trees The longer I live in India, the more respect I down, the monkeys are getting everything and we have for the Old Testament as well as the New.

can't get a living, we would better grow wheat. The first two chapters of Genesis are especially The old gentleman called in the monkey catchers, rich because in them are laid down the principles who, for eight annas (or sixteen cents) for each by which a continuing, progressive society may monkey, caught and deported the monkeys fifteen endure. Take the last part of the promise, "Man or twenty miles. Those other villages wondered shall have dominion over the fish of the sea, and what they had done to receive this addition to their over the fowl of the air and over every living population; after a year or so, when the monkeys thing that moveth." Mahatma Gandhi and all had worn out their welcome, the people invited orthodox Hindus say, "We cannot accept that; we these same catchers to return and catch the same venerate the cow; we regard as sacred every bird, monkeys and take them back where they came beast and reptile." The price India pays for ig- from. So the old landlord wrote to the papers noring this first direction of Almighty God is that, complaining of the rascality of these monkey whereas she could be the richest agricultural coun- catchers, but he didn't suggest that they destroy try in the world, she is cursed with a degree and the monkeys. He did suggest that a large block kind of poverty that beggars description. The of land be secured as a monkey preserve and that main cause of India's poverty lies in her social a monkey proof fence be put around it. customs and her religious belief. Our Lord, that The wild pig of India also does so much damage Sabbath day in the synagogue at Nazareth, read: that the Bombay Government is now publishing "The Spirit of the Lord is upon me because he bulletins on it. Vegetables, sweet potatoes, Irish hath anointed me to preach the gospel to the potatoes, peanuts are nearly impossible to be poor." Dr. Stanley Jones tells us how this applies grown where wild pigs abound, so that the farm- today in India. In the last decade, each year 150,- ers' choice of crops is restricted to those not ac- 000 non-Christian Indians have come into the ceptable to the pig. The indirect damage is still Christian fold, very largely as a result of this greater than the direct damage and there is little preaching of the Gospel to the poor. Some sneer of economic importance left. and say, "Yes, but they are outcastes and untouch- But when you come to the cow you see, as it ables that are coming into Christianity and they were, the flower of animal worship. Mahatma have much to gain by the change. But the poor, Gandhi says, "I hold to the veneration of the cow." the downtrodden and the opressed are especially Last year the leader of the Orthodox Hindu Party mentioned in the program of our Lord. We must was appointed to study the cattle problem of India. have preaching in the Gospel, but it is a mistake When the committee met, an Englishman said, to think that is all there is to the Gospel.

Our Lord went on to say, "We are to heal the and farming in India?" It has been the purpose of broken-hearted." Is there any place on earth my life to do God's will. That will is richer, fuller, where you will find any more broken-hearted peo- better than any will of my own could be for my ple than among the sixty million untouchables of life; so when critics come, with their questioning India. Mr. Gandhi, from his jail, sent out about and say, "Why do you do this?" I go to my Lord a year ago a statement about the untouchables and I ask him about it. I think He gives an answer something like this, "To be born an untouchable is in that great picture in the twenty-fifth chapter of the equivalent of having a life sentence of penal St. Matthew, when he says, "Come ye blessed of servitude, from which in this life there is no es- my Father," and when they ask, "Why do you call cape; birth and birth alone determines the un- us blessed; what have we ever done?" He replies, touchable. His position is inescapable in this in- "You saw me hungry, you gave me to eat; I say, carnation." "When" and Jesus says, "Don't you remember you When the orthodox Hindus challenge Mr. Gand- went to that little famine cursed Indian village; hi's right to remove untouchability, they say that you saw those children with great, distended stom- these people are born in that position, that is their achs; you knew there wasn't a cow in that village fate and that no one can remove untouchability. that would give more than a quart of milk a day; Christ comes along through his servants and you took a beautiful cross-bred cow that could give looks into that horrible pit, and as one whose arm twenty to twenty-five quarts a day, wasn't that is not shortened that it cannot save, He reaches doing something for the least of my little ones?

down and lifts up and heals the broken hearted. They were growing coarse grain and low yields of These untouchables have, in Hinduism, no hope of wheat. You quadrupled the yields and improved better things in this life; but the God of hope lifts the quality. Is not that helping to feed the hun- them out from that horrible pit. Today we almost gry? They were growing sixty to eighty pounds have to say to them, "Why do you come so fast; of cotton; you taught them how to grow four hun- we can't care for you; we haven't sufficient help- dred, isn't that helping to clothe the naked? There ers." The outcastes are almost one hundred per had been a great drought, every stream is dry, a cent illiterate, degraded through centuries of op- woman comes to the well, she drops her vessel pression, suppression and depression. down into the well curb, but there is no water in it.

Some of my Indian friends in Allahabad are Terror is in her eyes, for it is a dry and thirsty charming, cultured men; and yet, they are cap- land where no water is. That village faces suf- tives; they are bound by chains of social custom fering and death. You go into that village with a like caste and religious belief, such as the doctrine good American boring apparatus, and bore down of transmigration and the veneration of the cow. sixty, eighty, maybe one hundred feet, until you Christ came to set the captive free; to break those strike a good vein of water, enough for man and fetters. Our Lord, when he sent forth the twelve, beast and some over for irrigation. Is not that said: "As you go, preach, heal the sick, cleanse giving drink to the thirsty?" If I understand the the leper, raise the dead, cast out demons." When Gospel of Christ right, what He lived and prac- John the Baptist sent two of his disciples to ask ticed, what He bade his disciples take to the end Jesus if He was the promised Messiah, Christ told of the earth, that Gospel is the only practical pro- them to return and tell John what they had seen, gram this world has for meeting every human "how the blind receive their sight, the lane walk, need, whether the need be physical, mental or spir- the lepers are cleansed, the sick are healed, the itual. Of all those who have trod the pages of his- dead raised and the poor have the Gospel preached tory and have come within human ken, Jesus unto them." If J-ohn knew what He was doing Christ is the only one who proved Himself able that would reveal Him to be the Saviour of men. to save to the utmost all who come to God by Him.

Yet some say: "After all is it right for mission- So let us all do our part to fulfil His great com- aries to take money from the home Church and to mand to take His Gospel of life to all men every- go out and engage in cattle breeding, raising fruit where.

MISSIONARY WORK WITHOUT MONEY If money is lacking now, there are many ways to work without it. Russia carried out one five-year plan without money, and has now begun on a second. A plan of world evangelization must inevitably involve changes; but it is against the purpose of Ohrist to retrench! If there is no money to support missionaries, let us get together and start many Gospel schools and thus create lay leaders, and continue doing so for scores of years. There is need now to set up such aggressive, constructive planning. Why not start occupational evangelism on a world-wide scale? When even the Rotary Club has an occupational fraternity as wide as the world, why cannot those who belong to Christ achieve such constructive planning?-Dr. Toyohiko Kagawa.

A Self~Made Madagascar

_•..ef i Translated by the REV. C. THEODORE BENZE, D.D., Mt. Airy, Philadelphia )at- President of the Lutheran Theological Seminary I N THE foreign mission field the most unex- the island and an Arab element on the northwest pected things happen. God moves in a mys- and southeast coasts. There are traces in the terious way. Within the Anglican Church an interior of an aboriginal people of a different indigenous church has come into being through stock. Roughly speaking, the people of the island the ministry of a self-constituted bishop who are called Malagasies. They may be divided gen- evangelized a district, founded churches, ordained erally into an eastern group comprising a number presbyters and deacons, and accomplished these of tribes, a central, among whom the Hovas are results unaided by any missionary society. Here the dominant tribe, and a western group, common- is a story so novel and almost incredible, that it ly known under the general name of Sakalava. deserves to be widely told.* These latter, mixed with Arab blood, and a mixed The story is so unusual that Bishop King quotes race called Antankarana, form the population of a statement by Bishop O'Ferral: "The Northern the northern triangle.

Church of Madagascar is quite inexplicable ex- The Antankarana people are virile but lazy, ac- cept by belief in the Holy Spirit." While such a cording to Bishop King, and live on their rice saying may be applicable to the faith of any in- fields raising cattle. Along the coast they also en- dividual or communion, there are bodies of Chris- gage in fishing. They were never subdued by the tians to whom its truth applies so strikingly, that French but, having always harbored friendly feel- one must accept it. This Northern Church of ings toward them, submitted when the French Madagascar is such a body of believers. finally made a colony of the whole island. While The island of Madagascar lies for the larger the introduction of Christianity in the island falls to the credit of Anglican missionaries, the people part north of the tropic of Capricorn, its northern in the northern triangle received their first educatip reaching to about twelve degrees south. Its tion from the French Catholic Mission in Diego climate is entirely tropical and the northern tip and Nossibe. of the island, which is the scene of our story, is of course the warmest. It consists of the province Such is the background for the history of John of Diego Suarez and parts of two other provinces. Tsizehena, called Bishop John not because of the The entire island is one thousand miles long and validity of the title, but for the sake of simplicity. about three hundred miles across at its widest Dr. King first saw Tsizehena in July, 1910. John point. It is thus almost a small continent and the was then about seventy years old and is described province in question forms a sort of triangle, its as a short, broad-shouldered man, a little bandysides being one hundred and fifty miles long and legged, rather bald and having a strong and honits base one hundred miles from east to west. est face. He was old and infirm and blind; but When the first Anglican Bishop, Robert Kestell- when he took Dr. King into his church, he sang Cornish, visited this part of the island in 1876, he through the Litany in the Malagasy tongue withmade a long voyage around the north of the island, out a mistake. It must have been a rare experitraveling partly by canoes and partly by palanquin ence to meet such a Patriarch, who took himself with bearers. It was then the wildest part of so seriously that he never claimed any real right Madagascar and the time had not yet come to to call himself either "The Bishop of the North" plant a mission. or a doctor of divinity, and yet had accomplished a remarkable work under these titles, with no Although Madagascar is classed as an African one to dispute his claims. As a matter of fact, island, the inhabitants really belong to the Malayo- this native Malagasy, with his simple faith, was a Polynesian stock. Racially and linguistically that real hero and as truly an apostle as anyone who seems to be established; and the traditions of the ever went fort~ to preach the living Christ. All people also point to such an origin. There seem information we have concerning him was preto be African admixtures on the western side of served in his own diary, written in his own poor • It is related most entertainingly by the Right Rev. G. L. King, manner, for he was never taught reading or writaDn.Dd .,wAasngimlicparnesBseidshboyp ohfisMtraudeagCashcraisrt,iawnhochkanreawcttehre.-sCe.lfT-m. aBd.e bishop l·ng by anyone. He nevertheless tells hl·S story l·n [ 543]

a simple straightforward manner that constitutes The Christians had two books which had been its charm. translated into the Malagasy language: the Bible He begins with the story of his baptism, which and the Book of Common Prayer. These were the occurred when he was twelve or thirteen years foundation of their faith. But they knew that the old. He had come under the influence of two mis- sacraments which were enjoined in the Prayer sionaries of the Church Missionary Society, Thom- Book, demanded a priest and a bishop. They rose as Campbell and H. Maundrell, who had begun to the occasion. Ordinarily Christians in like cir- their pioneer work in the region of Vohemar on cumstances follo.w the example of apostolic times the East Coast in 1862 or 1863. When Dr. King and, under prayer, elect one of their number and visited this region in 1910 he found that these two consecrate him by the laying on of hands to be men were still unforgotten. Campbell baptized their pastor. John Tsizehena called his friends John Tsizehena on April 27, 1864. together and told them that he would be their Bishop John's conversion, as is often the case, bishop! He also told them the title by which he was a remarkable experience. He was believed to was to be known among them, namely, "The Right be dead and his body had already been wrapped Rev. Lord Bishop of the North, D.D." That was in linen and bound with cords to make it ready the title by which his "right reverend brother"

for burial. In this state, which he describes vivid- the Bishop of Tananarive was known so that he ly, he says he even heard his mother say, "He is and his fellows saw no impropriety in adopting dead." He adds, "I that was called dead, was a similar title. Bishop John's wife, as a faithful taken by the Spirit, together with a great multi- helpmeet, also did her part. She made him a cas- tude of people, up a dark and slender ladder. sock, a rochet and the best imitation of a hood There was a bright city there, with many glorious that she could devise, for she had never seen one people riding horses. They had tunics and shoes except at a distance. Dr. King calls this hood a and crowns of gold. There was music and the study in black and yellow; but John's fellows saw sound of a trumpet." Then he says that he heard no reason why they should not respect him or his the Commander say, "Who brought this boy hith- vestments. From that time on he was a fully er? Take him back, for there is much work for fledged bishop with the North as his diocese!

him to do down there!" When he became con- One is almost tempted to smile at the simplicity scious he heard his mother crying out that he was of the man, and the flock which followed him, and alive. He tells us that thereafter he was regarded yet such was their earnestness and consecration as a "wise child." that one cannot but respect them. The bishop Two years later he was at Andevorante, two built himself a little wooden church at Namakia.

hundred miles south of Vohemar, where a new He could not find a service for dedicating a church, mission had just been opened. Soon after that he but again his inventiveness stood him in good went to Tananarive. He was following the course stead. He adapted the Service of Holy Baptism of the newly opened mission stations and it seems to his purpose, sprinkling water on the floor of that he was active as a lay preacher. About 1874 the building, and saying, "I baptize thee in the he attracted attention by wearing a cassock with name of St. Jacoba" (St. James in Malagasy).

a tinkling bell, in imitation, it is thought, of Aaron Then he preached on James 3 but confusing Jacob the High Priest. Such idiosyncracies do not seem at Bethel with the Apostle James. Finally he to have interfered with his influence among mem- sprinkled ashes on the floor in the form of a St.

bers of his own race. Andrew's cross and thus his cathedral was conse- In 1882 or 1883, when he returned to Vohemar crated. Every morning he went about his village an event occurred which became decisive in his tinkling a tiny bell and he told Dr. King that his own life. The French took the town and harbor favorite text was, "While I live I will praise the of Diego Suarez and held it. When they reached Lord."

Vohemar, they treated the Christians there so By such a humble vessel did the Lord send His kindly that, when they withdrew to Diego, John Gospel to the people of the North and establish and most of his fellow Christians went with them, His church among those simple-minded Malaga- settling in a village called Namakia about ten miles sies. From his base in Namakia John proceeded from Diego. This cut them off completely from to evangelize his diocese. In September of the the fellow Christians in Tananarive and East year of the dedication of his church he went with Coast. They were so completely separated from a native harpist about sixty miles to the south and their fellow Anglicans of the coast, that a mission- soon after, at the Feast of St. Michael and All ary of their own faith told them to manage as Angels, he dedicated a church there. Thus he best they could, since they were under French went about on long journeys, preaching the Gos- rule, while the rest of the island was still true to pel wherever he found hearers, founding churches the Queen of Madagascar. How were they to and ordaining priests and deacons, using the Or- maintain their Christian faith? dination Service of the Prayer Book. His biog-

RE-THINKING MISSIONS IN 60 A. D

rapher tells us that he baptized rather too freely, chapter in Dr. King's book, who seems to have but he never administered Confirmation, although handled the situation with the utmost tact and he himself had been confirmed in his youth. wisdom. His directions met with no actual oppo- sition and were followed with a fine sense of order We cannot follow Bishop John on all his jour- on the part of the Malagasy Christians. John neys, nor can we describe his perilous adventures Tsizehena seems to have laid thorough foundations in evangelization. There is a splendid account of and to have proved himself a master workman in the man and his deeds in the fascinating account many respects. The life and work of this devoted written by Dr. King. native Christian of the North are an inspiring example of how God's Spirit uses the simplest of When the properly consecrated bishop came to men and means, that to some may savor of the organize the church thus founded it became a foolishness of the Gospel, to lead men to the savdelicate problem to do so without doing anything ing knowledge of His truth. antagonistic or derogatory to the work of the selfconstituted bishop. This forms an interesting Re~thinking Missions in 60 A.D.* By the REV. CHARLES GRANVILLE HAMILTON Rector of St. John's Church, Aberdeen, Miss.

T HE Laymen's Committee, sponsored and said to have quarreled with the original leader of the financed by the generosity of the Church of Church in an Antioch street. Yet non-Christians must form their impressions of our faith from such! Laodicea, has just released its far-reaching The final section of the report deals with the findings. All first-century minded thinkers who basic purposes of the average missionary: are not in bondage to the remote past and to lit- Today we are menaced by the possibility of barbarian eralistic conceptions of religion will find solace and invasion and servile uprisings. A lower class movement for communism is growing. And instead of resisting this strength in its stirring words. To re-think mis- revolutionary tendency, many of these missionaries teach the possession of all things in common. And two spesions is the supreme task of all who would meet cifically, Matthew and Brother James, have written docu- ments arousing class hatred and manifesting anything but the problems of today. love for the rich. An upheaval in the social structure would destroy the efficient, prosperous, and liberal benevo- The report strongly emphasizes the poor quality lence-giving Church of Laodicea, and all other churches which represent modern thought and the people to whom of personnel which so hinders progressive work: God in His infinite wisdom has given the riches of the world. The idea of sending ignorant Galilean fishermen as messengers in this intellectual age is absurd, said the report. To preserve modern society from communists, radical These men of no scholarship, scarcely literate, lacking in plebeian and agrarian demagogues requires a united front. grace of manners and person, prone to petty bickerings, We should disregard nonessentials and walk together in are totally unequipped to face the intelligentsia. love. Jews and Mithraites, Pythagoreans and Stoics-all who believe in any form of religion-must stand together Thy are very credulous peasants with no special back- against the red tide of irreligion. ground and are utterly scorned by the rich, powerful, and learned citizens and scholars through whom alone our mes- Instead of cooperation, though, we find these missionsage can be extended. aries still harping on Jesus as the Messiah, His death, His resurrection, and similar concepts which even if historical And a "convert," with all the implications thereof, who are unimportant. By insisting on His impossible ethics, calls himself by the nickname of "Paulos" is probably the when not liberally interpreted by scholars of the scientific worst of these products of undiscriminating selection. A mind set, they are doing nothing to aid the cause of unigood physical examination would have debarred him (this versal religion. is an age of mens sana in corpore sano); and so would a psychological test, as he exhibits a persecution mania, and If these Christians of this type do not join in a syncrenumerous inhibitions and complexes. A proselyte Jew is tistic movement to share with all other religions and fight naturally offensive to Jews, yet he continually preaches with them the common foe of materialism, we predict the to them. Christian movement will die out in a century.

To let a man of such physical ugliness work with such Facing the future bravely, we, on re-thinking the whole admirers of beauty as the Greeks is folly, only surpassed subject of missions, insist the Church must continue to by the sending of such a denominationally trained man support missions, but with radically changed personnel, with only Tarsus and Gamaliel education, both unaccred- program, and purpose, and keep as its goal the brotherited schools, and no degrees, to reason with Stoics and hood of all faiths and all creeds. Epicureans. And this hook-nosed Jew even undertakes to speak to Romans as though they were not the rulers, but (Signed) THE LAYMEN'S COMMITTEE. merely some of his own class and race. Tact and diplomacy seem to be absent from his personality. He is even • Reprinted from The Living Church.

~rhe Christ Works Today in the

-'~I By the REV. J. HARRY COTTON, Ph.D., D.D.

Pastor of the Broad Street Presbyterian Church, Columbus, Ohio Joseph Cook Lecturer in India, China and Japan, 1931·2 I "A God without quality is a God of whom noth- We have expected that revelation in terms of over- 1l.. ing whatever can be affirmed. He of whom whelming majesty. We were hardly prepared for nothing whatever can be affirmed is for us that highest revelation which did come: in the as good as nothing, and is of no value to our ex- life of one who for the sins of the world was will- perience." ing to die upon the Cross." When one hears such It was a quiet evening in October in a southern words from the lips of a confessed Hindu one Indian city. Two hundred students had gathered wonders how far the indirect influence of the to listen to a lecture on the Christian Gospel. In Christ has gone.

the course of the lecture emphasis was laid upon In Kolhapur, Western India, lived a Hindu pun- the personal God of the Christian faith. Contrast dit and his wife who, for twelve years had been was drawn between the God and Father of our childless. They had long prayed for a child and Lord Jesus Christ and the impersonal quality- their prayer was answered a few days before we less Absolute of Hindu theology, and the Amer- arrived. It was a critical delivery and the whole ican lecturer made the statement quoted above. Mission engaged in prayer for this non-Christian At the close of the lecture a tall and dignified family. The child came safely. The mother was Hindu arose and resented the remarks made in the Christian Hospital at Miraj, and the Hindu against the Hindu conception of God. He said, father wrote to one of our missionaries, saying: "The Christians worship a big man set up in the "If only this child will exhibit a part of the spirit heavens." Immediately three or four bright young of service that I have seen in Christian mission- Hindu students arose and protested against the aries I shall be satisfied." older man's remarks. "Many Indians," said they, It would be impossible for a human observer to "do not worship this impersonal Absolute." estimate accurately the impact of the Christian They spoke truth. All through India the faith upon the eastern world. One thinks of the younger students are turning away from the im- spread of medical science, the development of the personal to the personal conception of God. We schools and colleges, the growth of the scientific asked one of the leading thinkers of India if this attitude, the new sense of the dignity of human was a fact. He replied in the affirmative, and personality, the new champions of the poor and that Christian thought was sending its influence under-privileged, the protection of the "untouch- into the heart of Hindu thinking. abIes" in India, the new sense of unselfishness that This is an example of what we may call the in- is beginning to appear in China. In countless direct influence of the Christian Gospel. The in- ways Christ has been changing the life and fluence of the Christ in India is not limited to thought of the Orient.

those who become His professed followers. The The scope of this change is partly indicated by Gospel truth permeates every area of life. One the almost unconscious deference to the mind of wonders how many uncounted thousands of be- Christ on crucial questions. Like Gandhi himself, lievers there are who for one reason or the other many non-Christian writers condemn the West have not yet taken a public stand by severing their because it is not living up to the standards of connections with their historic faiths. Jesus Christ. Often they praise their own civiliza- One thinks of Mr. Purushottam, brilliant Pro- tion because they claim that it embodies more fessor of Philosophy in Pachappas College, a fully the spirit and teachings of Jesus. In any Hindu institution in Madras. Himself a Hindu, case what they conceive to be the mind of Christ he was called upon to preside over a meeting at becomes the standard of judgment. They are de- which the American lecturer spoke on the Cross. ferring to His teaching. All this indicates the At the close of the lecture he made this astound- growing influence of the Christ. In fact where ing observation: "For many years we in India men do not take the mind, the spirit, the judgment have been asking for a fuller revelation of God. of Christ into account, it is difficult to see how [546 ] they can claim to be his followers. Any estimate from an "untouchable" home. But for Christ he of the missionary enterprise that leaves out of ac- would have been condemned to a life-long degrada- count the vast outreach of the indirect influence tion and the collection of sewage from some In- of Jesus Christ is neither fair nor accurate. dian village.

But the indirect influence is not alone sufficient. Turn to a Christian product from the other ex- No enthusiastic believer in Jesus Christ will be treme of Indian society, a Brahmin named Chak- content until, not only indirectly but directly, the raverti. He had been a member of a Hindu mo- lives, the conscience, the desires, the mind of the nastic order and was commissioned as a Brahmin Orient come under His direct transforming and missionary to America. He wanted te prepare renewing grace. We can see the need of the di- his way by a thorough study of the Bible and so rect influence of Jesus in the story of a Hindu boy. came under the spell of the central figure of the He was a student in Madras and came one day for New Testament. At the same time he was dis- a personal interview. Said he, "I worship two satisfied with his own work and his own life. At gods: One is Narayana, my chosen Hindu deity, last he was sent to Muttra and fell in with two the other is Jesus." He explained that each morn- Methodist lady missionaries. Their Christian ing he put a bouquet of flowers before the image character impressed him. At length, after much of Narayana and the picture of Christ in the prayer, he was baptized on Christmas day. That garden of Gethsemane. Then he paused in rev- was five years ago. Today he is pastor of the erent· adoration of both his divinities, and read church in Brindaban, a strong center of Hindu- some Hindu scriptures and something from the ism. He is a man of amazing physical vigor, in New Testament. "Do you think this is all right?" his early forties, a striking personality, a clear he asked. The question was his to answer, and I mind. We traveled all day to hear his testimony asked him, "Is there anything you get in Nara- and it was worth many days' journey.

yana that you cannot find in Christ, and is there One thinks of the women and girls of the Orient.

something in Christ that you have not yet discov- We went into countless girls' schools and colleges.

ered ?" Two days later he came back with the in- We saw these girls in the Christian Sunday sistent query, "How can I know Christ in my schools. We saw the women in Christian churches heart?" I was afraid at first that he was merely from Mt. Lebanon to Madura, to Bangkok, to Can- mouthing a pious question which he had heard so ton, to Tsinan and on to Seoul, and everywhere we I asked him what he meant. In reply he unfolded saw the unforgetable light in their eyes. It was a tragic tale of moral defeat, a tale that is to be one of the distinguishing marks between the multiplied in the lives of thousands of Hindu stu- Christians and the non-Christians. If only that dents. What his urbane and academic interest in light of the eye could be captured and brought Christ had not accomplished, what his loyalty to home it would speak its all powerful appeal to the the best of Hindu deities had not achieved, was a American church.

moral transformation that could come only One thinks of the countless poor and under- through a direct experience of the indwelling privileged folk in the East; the outcast villages, Christ. It is this moral dynamic which is the and of all that Christ has meant to them. These great crying need of the Orient. poor, hopeless folk had never known joy until they These transformations are not such as can be heard the "Good News." One thinks of their chil- pointed out. They are hidden and inward. We dren enjoying education, their mothers freed from cannot say: "Lo, here!" or "Lo, there!" I am some of their suffering through Christian medi- skeptical whenever anyone comes back from the cine. One evening we saw a Christian minister Orient with tales of wholesale conversions: and his wife, who was a doctor, go into a stricken For not with swords loud clashing, Indian home where disease was working a dread Nor roll of stirring drums, result. We saw the swift yet careful ministry of But deeds of love and mercy, the doctor and heard the tender earnest prayer of The Heavenly Kingdom comes. the missionary husband as he called upon the Nevertheless we find human individuals who, by presence and the keeping power of the Eternal.

the fruitage of their lives, show what has been It seemed to us that we had seen Christ in person taking place. Here was a brilliant preacher, a coming into that humble home.

product of Harvard Graduate College with high I think of the Christian groups that we saw in honors in philosophy, professor in Wilson College India, the songs that they sang – weird Hindu in Bombay, and pastor of a large church in that melodies to the accompaniment of crude instru- city under the American Board. We heard him ments but lately carved out of the materials of the give a sermon whose words we could not under- jungle. The so·ngs had an air of the jungle and stand, but we talked with him after the service yet their central message was the message of was over. What had been the origin of that bril- righteousness and peace. I think of the Christian liant and effective Christian leader? He had come homes where women and children were no longer

creatures of desire but where the spirit and at- sturdy Christian character that there is to be mosphere of the home was Christian. One Sun- found. Were all the Christians to disappear from day evening we came to such a home in Osaka, the rest of the world I am sure that out of Korea Japan. The husband was a prominent business there would come a church that eventually would man and both father and mother were graduates reconquer the world. of American universities. The six children were all present at the supper table and at the conclu- We think of the pathos of China, and of the sion of the meal a number of the neighbors were sober, intelligent, devoted leadership that comes invited in for prayer and Bible study. They were from some of her Christians. We think of the too far from the Christian church. After some future of Christ in Japan. One day their mescomments on a passage of Scripture, there fol- sage will transform that land. We think of the lowed discussion in Japanese which I could not stupendous significance of the Orient for the world understand, but the spirit of that home I shall of tomorrow. Then we think of what Christ is never forget. doing there. We pray that His work may be multiplied until their kingdoms shall become His We think of the multitudes that thronged the very own. We see many signs of His coming churches of Korea, of the intense conviction and Kingdom and we take courage.

New German Christians By PFARRER THOM Member of the Executive Committee of the "German Christians"

THE "German Christians" have for their aim cently in a broadcast speech placed the general to unite the 28 different "Landeskirchen" in position of State, people and Church under the Germany into one German evangelical following aspects: Church, and to include the German coreligionists all over the world, attaching them to the home The traditional articles of faith in the evangelical con- Church. The German Evangelical Church Fed- fessions, the religious life, thought and feeling peculiar eration, which was concluded over Luther's grave to them, as also the institutions and formations in the inat Wittenberg by the 28 "Landeskirchen" aimed at dividual congregation and in the Church, valuable from a mediating the relations of the Landeskirchen with religious and ecclesiastical point of view, are in no way to one another and uniting the foreign congregations be hampered or infringed upon. The assimilation of Gerto the German Church people. man ways to the Church is not supposed to push aside or replace by other elements foreign to the Christian faith "German Christians" profess a positive Chris- the belief of the fathers in doctrine, public worship and tianity, in keeping with Lutheran spirit and Lu- community life, but rather to render this Christian faith theran piety. In matters of faith, they take their intelligible, elucidate it and bring it nearer to the people, stand on the confessional foundations of the evan- especially to those that have become estranged from the gelical churches, i.e., the whole Bible and the writ- Church, thus making it afresh dear and valuable to them. ings of Dr. Martin Luther's reformation. It is to furnish to the national movement the indispensable religious-ecclesiastical substructure, and make Church and The "German Christians" are anxious to put people come together anew. into prominence in their Church the reawakened German lebensgefiihl (feeling of life) and wish a The "German Christians" demand an independ- Church that shall not stand aside in the mighty ent Church, free from the State. To this end it is struggle for existence of the German people. The requisite that the Church should enjoy the full faith movement German Christians reject the sep- confidence of the State, and the State can trust a aration between things temporal and spiritual, Church only if it knows that the leaders of this not in the interest of worldly power, but for the Church are prepared to serve it enthusiastically. sake of the faith and the pure Gospel. The "German Christians" want to be prophets The state commissioner for the evangelical of God, who hear God's call to the German people Landeskirchen in Prussia, Dr. Jaeger, has re- and are following this call to evangelism with all the passion of their souls. By the REV. S. W. CLEMES, Delhi, India Missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Church T HE type of missionary needed on the mission -enrolled in the mission class. Here vital contacts fields as given by the Laymen's Commission, and enduring friendships were made. centres around these characteristics: Self- The pastors are key men in knowing personali- sacrificing spirit, utter devotion, moral courage, ties and I bear witness to their sympathy, coopera- high intelligence, love of adventure, love of peo- tion, and willingness to give one all the oppor- ple, willingness to serve rather than command, tunities available.

evenness of disposition, sense of humor, serenity Many of the young people seriously considering and patience. Personally, we do not wish to the field abroad as their lifework have different quarrel with this list. It exemplifies a' perfect, motives from those of a former generation. Some human equipment. are moved by an interracial urge. They want to Would that we had more men with power in come out to get as well as to give. Their contacts prayer to change situations like "Praying Hyde!" with peoples of other nations have given them a Men with the ability to win others to Christ like love for foreign people. Moreover they have E. Stanley Jones; men with the creative literary strong feelings regarding war-that the best way ability of E. L. King; men and women with the to foster brotherhood, international understand- educational genius of the Harpers of Moga and ing and goodwill is through missionary service.

the versatility of Albert Schweitzer. Perhaps it Nor is the element of the lure of high adventure is too much to expect of a single missionary to lacking in these young people. It would be strange exemplify all these characteristics. I could men- if it were when we consider that their companions tion some whose names are not so well known, take to the air with wings and fly across rugged but whose lives bring to birth new creatures in mountains and lovely valleys and wide, open Christ Jesus, whose daily practice shows that they plains. In attempting to find candidates we must have enduement from on high – experts in the take into consideration these urges.

knowledge of God, experts in heart culture, and The time has come when appeals for mission- experts in tact and in wisdom. aries to some fields ought to have the endorsement "There came a man sent from God whose name of Nationals. When I was at home I was greatly was John." There came a missionary sent from stirred by letters written by my Indian brethren God whose name was. . . . .. What matters most urging me to hasten back to India. I met a mis- is that God sends Him. In this man's heart is the sionary doctor on his way back to China who told imperative, "I must be about my Father's busi- me that he was going principally because of the ness." In raising this question, how to find the request that came from the Nationals of that coun- type of missionaries needed, we need to remember try. It will carry far more weight with candi- that Jesus found his Peter and James and John dates contemplating the foreign field if they knew and Matthew by making contacts with them. that the positions open for their services are When home during my last furlough I had the places recommended by the national church. They privilege of making many contacts with the youth will come feeling that they are really wanted by of our high schools and grammar schools. If we those whom they are to serve.

are ever going to get the type of missionaries It is taken for granted that each mission board needed we shall have to begin early. I found the has a candidate secretary who is accessible to all students keen and greatly interested in India, her contemplating the foreign field. Nationals would habits, customs, and her great men. Our colleges do well to make their wants known through him also offer an opportunity for making the most of as he has direct contacts with all possible can- our stay at home. The Epworth Leagues and didates.

Christian Endeavor Institutes are large in num- The son of a preacher in Kansas, from the time bers and draw to themselves the finest in the land. he was in grade school, said that he wanted to be Out of an institute of about 400 nearly 90 were a medical missionary; and he stuck to it through high school, college and university. When he had pri•ntCeodndinenTsehde Ifnrodmian·a Wpiatnpeesrs. read at the Landour Conference and gone through college and medical school with high [549 ] scholarship honors and the Gold Key, he offered as natural abilities, culture, capacity, outlook, tact and himself to our church for medical missionary serv- training. To this we agree; but, realizing that there is a ice, and they told him they could not send him for spiritual and a supernatural aspect to the work. We lack of funds. would insist that there are certain qualifications essential which do not come under any such list. The assurance of The uncertainty of income, the recall of mis- a divine call, the conviction of a God-given duty, the possionaries, the increased number detained at home, session of a divinely-certified message that is for the glory and compelled, if they want to return at all, to of God and the welfare of men, the aid of an empowering raise their own passage money and perhaps their Holy Spirit, with an inward illumination that minimizes own salary is making it increasingly difficult to human error …… are moral qualifications and spiritual secure the proper kind of men and women. Never- helps that under the humanistic theology of the Appraisers theless the young people are there. There is no would largely disappear. magic formula for finding the type needed. Jesus found Philip because he deliberately went after We frankly doubt whether the humanistic call would him. In seminary, in college, in church and in secure workers, and if it did we further doubt whether professions we will find that man and woman who the human qualifications they might possess would enable will best fit in with the life here. Missionaries, in them to persist in the disheartening and difficult service conversation and consultation with others, can be they would have to face. . . . .. One of our missionaries potential factors in determining whether the man writes: "For myself, if I had all the gift of leadership or woman is desirable. and the best specialized training that is recommended for the missionary personnel, I could not go to the foreign I once asked Mahatma Gandhi what Christian- field with no more of challenge than this. If there is any ity could contribute to the religions of India. He challenge to the Report it is a call back to America, there replied that it was like digging an artesian well. to preach the Gospel to our people who se€m to be losing One had to dig deep into the soil to get the right their grip on the very heart of the Christian message. kind of water. "If you missionaries," he said, "will dig deep into the heart of India through the Regarding the truth of the conditions at home well of sympathy you will find that India will re- let me quote from a pastor of our church in spond." It can be done. It has been done. It America: must be done. One cannot think about and pray about our foreign mis- I heard a brother missionary telling of a revival sionary work without being compelled to face the situation in his boys' school. Out of that experience had at home. 0, how we need a spiritual awakening in all the come a great change in his own inner life. In churches! Our American Protestant churches are taking analyzing his own self he stated four things that in thousands of people who know absolutely nothing of a be believed necessary to bring one to the place of life of prayer and fellowship with God, who are appallpower. There must be an overwhelming desire ingly ignorant of the Bible and its meaning and message for it; second, every known sin must be given up, for our day; whose homes are prayerless, graceless, Godeven the little ones that so easily upset one; third, less; whose philosophy of life and outlook upon life and there must be absolute surrender of the whole life reaction to life are just as pagan as that of the men who to God; and fourth, which perhaps impressed me never darken the door of a church. more than all the rest, there must be much time spent with God. I know something of the habits To summarize: of that missionary and know that he is an early riser and that he spends much time in communion First: Accept the description given by the Comwith God. I am convinced in my own life that he mission and add spiritual qualifications. is right. If ever I am to be that type of missionary needed not merely by a board or a commis- Second: Make contacts with young people beginsion, but by Christ, I must spend much time in ning even as early as the grammar school prayer, much time in thought with God. grades.

Let me quote from a booklet recently prepared Third: Nationals through publications should exby representatives of the Methodist Episcopal press their desires in regard to missionaries. Church in Southern Asia on a Study of "Re-thinking Missions" : Fourth: Missionaries on the field might come nearer the type needed by: The Commission holds that in the selection of the candi· date for the field, emphasis must be placed on such things a. Sharing material advantages with Na- tionals.

b. Sharing spiritual experiences with Na- tionals.

c. Allocating men to the work for which they are fitted.

d. Rededicating ourselves in a new way to God.

THE MEASURE OF A CHRISTIAN Our interest in missions is a mark of our Christian character; our knowledge of mISSIOns is the measure of our Christian attainment; our participation in missions is the measure of our Chris- tian efficiency. HENRY C. MABIE. Effective Ways of Working fI crested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO A SCHOOL OF MISSIONS ica. Then a missionary at home stay in Africa and we hurried FOR JUNIORS on furlough from Japan took us aboard our Friendship and By MRS. H. M. JACOBS, Rocky on an imaginary world trip. We sailed for India. River, Ohio packed our baggage and went on There we met another of our The first morning of our Junior Missionary Conference at board the good boat "Friend- own missionaries and went to Lakeside last summer we organized a "Follow the Leader" club ship," assuming to start on our her school. Here we played such as we prepared to present the study book of that name. We tour from Lakeside, where an a fine native game called "Ko." donned arm bands of blue cardboard bearing the initials F. L. American flag was flying (from Two rows of children, seven in in silver, blue and silver being our colors for King's Heralds- a center table). A long clothes a row, squat opposite each other, the Methodist junior organization. We made fish and fan and line was tied from one place or three facing each way. Seven in kite invitations and distributed them to children on the grounds chair to another, and we recog- the second row run, one chasing. inviting them to attend our club meetings. nized the country we were ap- The others may dodge in and Each morning began with a proaching by the foreign flag out, but the chaser must run devotional period directed by different conference and district which was waving a welcome. around the ones squatting. Howofficers, the general topic being, "God's Way of Working and Liv- As we traveled, we learned dif- ever, the chaser may tap one of ing Together." We were thinking of Jesus as a friend to all of ferences in dress, customs, lan- the squatters, yelling "Ko!" and us and trying to learn the meaning of friendship at work, at guage, etc., but found that all take the latter's place. The new home and at play, also trying to become a friend to all the other children laughed, played, sang chaser follows the same plan and children of the world. We sang, "Tell Them the Stories of Jesus" and worked in much the same the game continues until all are instead of "Me," and prayed this prayer: way. caught. We were presently so Our Father in heaven, we thank When we reached Algiers, Af- breathless that we were glad to Thee that Thou dost help us to find rica, we were welcomed by one sit down and look at curios. Rathe best and the happiest way to live. of our own missionaries who is jas told us of her life and how We would try to live like Jesus, for supported by these juniors of the hard it was to earn her bread. He lived a perfect life that brought Cincinnati Branch. She told us (Chapter 5 in study book.) We joy and strength to those about Him the story of Philip and his won- thought it fun to exchange clothand to thousands of people ever since. derful trip to see Jesus 2,000 ing and dressed up in each oth- Help us to share gladly and to work years ago, and in imagination we er's attire. and play together happily throughout went up the hillside not far from Then we went to Korea. We the summer. In Jesus' name we pray, Cyrene and saw His old home. did not stay at Seoul but went to Amen. We met Ferhan and some of her a far distant village where we school friends. She had lost her found one of our own mission- The first morning Takae Ta- parents in the plague and needed aries and the native people who gawa San and Yoko Matsuoka a home and was so happy in our love her so dearly. We did not San, of Japan, visited our school mission school. (Chapters 1 and like the way they cooked their and told us of their experiences 2 in study book, Follow the Lead- rice with hot pepper and a sticky at home, in school and in Amer- er.) We joined hands and sang gravy, but thought our way of serving rice was so much better. to the tune of "Juanita": But we enjoyed their fragrant Now through· the jungle where the tea and dainty rice cakes. forest children roam, Sounds the joyful drum beat saying, Passing on, we stopped at Mexico where one of our mis- "Help has come."

Health and hope are promised, abun- sionaries is caring for the kin- dant life is free to all; dergarten children and training They have heard and answered–an- lovely Mexican girls to carryon swered our call. Africa, 0 Africa, we would praise His her work. Some of the children name with thee. . still had the toys and books we Africa, glad Africa, we give thanks with thee. had sent in the "friendly bags" a few years ago. We especially A farewell party with ex- liked their carving and brought change of small gifts ended our home a manger scene skilfully [ 551 ] MISSIO~ARY SPEAKERS IN COSTU:.IE AT LAKESIDE CO~FERENCE carved out of wood. (Chapter its church, a town hall, commu- in any group of the church or as VIII, study book.) nity house, hospital, school, play- an evening service that will draw even better than the pas- When we rounded up at Lake- grounds, happy homes, parks, tor's missionary sermon. The sketches may be arranged by any side again, we placed the Chris- markets, etc. As we pay our clever writer in the congregatian flag higher than all the oth- dues and bring in the mite boxes tion. The following directions and sample sketch (abridged er flags and sang and prayed with .our thankofferings in them, and adapted) will serve as a pace-setter. Miss Mary Brown, together that God's love would we will place the different build- director of religious dramatics dwell in the hearts of all the lit- ings in this village. And so the in the Downey Ave. Christian Church of Indianapolis, found tle children of the world. Not King's Heralds will "Grow and them so successful in creating a demand for the study and readmerely in these school group ac- Glow and Go"-which is our ing books and making their sub- ject matter real and vital. tivities but in our recreation we motto for the year ahead. "We of the missionary groups kept the missionary motive up- earnestly desire our members to read; but it is often difficult to permost, having supper on the CREATING AN APPETITE get a person to read what he or shore and holding a consecration she knows nothing about. The service, making lotus blossoms FOR THE STUDY BOOKS purpose of the sketches is not entertainment but the creation out of our paper napkins and We are familiar with the lure of interest that will lead to the reading of the book. Therefore setting them afloat on Lake Erie of the food demonstrator who laden with good wishes and love proffers a tiny taste of the appe- for Japan, etc. tizing viand and thus creates an We decided that in our own. irresistible demand for more.

King's Heralds meetings during This principle is admirably "sub- the winter we would help build limated" by presenting brief a Friendship V i II age. We dramatized sketches from mis- thought of all the things needed sionary reading and study books to build a successful village- in order to introduce them into first, a Christian. flag to fly over circulation, and it may be used

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

we would not advise the presen- Boy-Yes, white man; my mother imaginary variety used by the had a child last night and I want you Woman's Society in the First tation of the sketch unless you to excuse me from work today. I am Baptist Church of Topeka, Kanhave a copy of the book which sas-a movie at each meeting. going to get her some firewood. you will make available to the Missionary-What! Have you a group for reading. new brother or a new sister? This is a game or any diver- "Regarding costumes and Boy-Sister. sion tending to make the mem- Miss'ionary-All right; you may go. bers move about and get better characters: One of the most ef- acquainted. At the November fective presentations of these How are your mother and sister? Boy-They live.

sketches was given with women Missionary goes on thinking and meeting the P's and Q's handed dressed in their ordinary clothes presently is interrupted by the entaking the parts, with the merest to each person entering the room trance of a man. a small cardboard lantern with a hint of costume to designate the Man–White man, may I be ex- letter on it-S, E or W. These cused from work today as my wife part. A folded handkerchief has borne a daughter and I must go represented the work in South made a nurse's cap: a felt hat to get some firewood and food? and a man's handkerchief to mop Mlissionary-All right, Bondoko, China, East China and West the perplexed brow character- you may go. Is Boyengo your son? China, which was the theme of Man-No, white man; the child the program. When the "movie" ized "Mr. Smith": a cane and a that was born in my house last night was announced, the W's went to feeble tone portrayed "grand- was my first born. Missionary goes on thinking and the west side of the room, the mother." One could have costum- E's to the east side and the S's ing. One could have men and presently a small boy comes up. Bo'koji-White man, may I be ex- to the South. At a given signal boys and children to take the cused fr.om work today? My child they formed a triangle, spelling parts. If it is to be given before has borne a girl child and I want to the church, let the characters be the word S-E-W. Then using worked out with men and chil- go and get firewood. these initial letters they recited dren. If it is a group of young Missionary-Why, what's this? the characteristics of the mis- sionaries-Sincere, Ear n est people, let them work out their Your child has a daughter and you own characters. And as for staging, none is necessary. Use are not old enough to have a wife. the imagination. Dim lighting with the actors entering and tak- Is Bondoko your father? Workers, etc. ing their places in the dark is Bokoji-No, white man, Bondoko is quite as effective for the purpose The P's and Q's have many of this type of dramatization as no relative of mine. and varied duties. They keep a more elaborate preparation. One Missionary-Is Boyengo your broth- record of those present at the group staged an African scene in study class, the Quiet Hour and er? the program and report before shadow pictures behind a screen." Bokoji-No, white man; Hoyengo the close of the session. They provide a pianist, distribute comes from the same village that I do, books look after the souvenirs, table 'displays, costuming, and but he does not belong to my family. arrange for the comfort of those Missionary-What is the name of the person whom you call your child and who has a new daughter?

Bokoji-Bolumbu. Missionary-And what is the name of Boyengo's mother?

The Call of the Congo Bokoji-Bolumbu. present.

Missionary-Then how many chil- The following sketch is se- dren were there born last night? A Plan for the Elderly Folk Three? lected from a number by Miss Women of the congregation of Bokoji_We know of but one new the First Baptist church of Mo- Brown because it may fit in with the use of God's Candlelights, baby in town, white man. Missionary-Tell me; is the mother which is a study book for the of Boyengo, Bolumbu? Bolumbu is the line, Illinois, who were 70 years current year: wife of Bondoko and likewise Bolumbu old or over were special guests is the child of Bokoji, and yet these "The one introducing the people profess not to know one an- of the missionary society at a sketch reads an introductory other. What are you trying to put meeting whose topic was, "Faith paragraph explaining that the over on me? of Our Mothers." Devotionals, Bokoji – That is easily explained. prayer for "mothers of the past, humorous scene chosen is illus- present and future" and speci~l trative of the difficulties a mis- We don't have the same relationships sionary encounters in trying to unravel the relationship of cer- you do. All aunts are called mother, tain natives in the village. Mr. Smith is trying to concentrate and all uncles are called father. Now music all focussed on the mam on his work when he is inter- theme. The meeting marking rupted by a native boy, a man Bolumbu was the aunt of Boyengo, and a small boy. The curtain and she was the wife of Bondoko and the 60th anniversary of the goes up or the lights come on or founding of the Woman's Amer- Mr. Smith simply enters and the baby is their first-born. The faseats himself at his desk or ther of Bolumbu and my father were table. He sits in a brown study when a school boy steps up and related but my father is dead; so I ican Baptist Foreign Mission.So- take his rank and therefore I called starts the dialogue. pcaiegtey~nsti,x members took part III a Bolumbu "child" because I have my each represen!ing .a father's rank. Is that all clear? decade of work, and attired III Missionary sighs and goes on think- ing! the several period costumes, de- MISSIONARY MOVIES scribing the work accomplished ,in the time. Following this, each Boy-White man, are you awake? The real kind are among the elderly guest was presented with Missionary-Yes, Boyengo! Are best of our promotional materi- a gaily costumed doll represent- ing some period in the 60 years' you awake? als. But "The Open Forum of work. Methods" in Missions tells of an I BULLETIN OF The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK ~~~~~~~~~~~~==~~==~~====-I~ I had fainted unless I had be- ALBRECHT DURER'S "PRAYING HANDS" lage. The worst storm of the lieved year in Honolulu depleted but a company of over 1,500 in Py- did not stop the meeting-which To see the goodness of the Lord engyang, Chosen, to ravaged and means much to those who know In the land of the living. famishing Puerto Rico, where what a Honolulu storm can do! Wait for the Lord; "we were about forty-and One, -and elsewhere in the islands Be strong and let thy heart take the One who makes any gather- were held eight different serv- ing, however small, a rich ex- ices, all interdenominational and courage; perience." interracial. At the meeting in Yea, wait thou for the Lord Salonika, the leaders were one Turning the Pages of an Atlas. American, one Greek, and one -Ps. 27: 13-14. This harmony in diversity is Armenian. The audience in- one of the most impressive fea- Let my prayer be set forth as in- tures in the constantly increas- cluded women of about a dozen cense before Thee; ing observance of the World Day nationalities. Four languages, of Prayer on the first Friday in English, Armenian, Greek, and The lifting up of my hands as Lent. New Zealand, Australia, Turkish were used during the the evening sacrifice. the Philippines, Hawaii, India, hour. Even more polyglot was Syria, Ceylon, South and West the gathering at Sofia, Bulgaria. -Ps. 141: 2. Africa, Japan, China, Greece, They added to their program the South America, Germany, Den- Master's gracious and familiar UNITED IN PRAYER mark, the Balkans-one could invitation: "Come unto me, all more readily indicate the scope ye that labor and are heavy laden By AMELIA JOSEPHINE BURR of this day of sisterhood simply and I will give you rest," in four- by turning the pages of an atlas. teen different European lan- ELMORE It brought a fresh impetus to the tired workers for world guages. A beautiful old poem describes peace at Geneva. At 'Ndabeni the angel Sandalphon hovering in South Africa, native women There is a touching similarity above the earth, gathering in his literally hailed the day, for at arms the prayers that rise from dawn they were singing their in many of the reports. "In the human hearts. At his touch they call to prayer through the vil- group were grandmothers who turn into flowers which he lays at his Lord's feet. One may pic- [ 554 ] have known many years of toil ture Sandalphon, on the third and heartache, and mothers who of last March, loaded with every have worked hard and have sacflower known to earth, for never, rificed to give their children surely, have the remote corners 'book larnin' and other advanof our world joined with its pop- tages which they never had. All ulous centers in so unanimous denominationalism was forgotan upreach of prayer. From ten and together we asked God's Valparaiso comes the word, "For blessing upon our own American the second time the women of and other nations, and reconse- Chile have held a World Day of crated our lives to a closer walk Prayer Service. Last year it was with our Master. Some of the something new suggested by the women had walked two miles missionaries; this year it was over rough roads to attend the something they all knew about meeting; others had gotten up and wanted." The report from our own State of Montana says: at four o'clock and had worked "There are men and women on hard all morning, but as we left their knees today by the hundred. the 'church they said, 'This has thousand who are meek for the been the finest meeting we ever first time in their lives." The had, and cannot we meet more gatherings were as diverse in often for an hour of prayer?' numbers and in members as they We all felt that although shut in were in location, but marked by by our hills we were joined in a divine harmony of spirit, from heart to thousands of women, all

BULLETIN OF THE COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS

praying that America and the women may be free, as we are; ternational leader, "is the Doll world may be won and kept for for we used to be in bondage Festival. The dolls displayed in Christ." Those hills were in too, but the Lord Jesus has set almost every home in Japan to- Kentucky-but we feel a strong us free.' day represent a custom which bond between those strong- "It will not be long before all came from China, and has in it hearted hill-women and others the babies will join those of Af- originally the meaning of sacriwhose mountain homes are in rica at the meeting, at the in- fice for sin. Japan cannot be another hemisphere. A mission- creasing rate of interest shown saved by the sacrifice of dolls ary in Shantung writes, "They in the Day by Youth. A Chil- nor of sheep, but by God alone. met at our house and have just dren's Service was held this year Those who really love Japan left. There were about thirty- at Bennington, Vermont, and at must be the first to indict her five present including two old Cape Town, South Africa, there militarism and call her to return men and three small boys. Of was a special evening meeting to righteousness. We have talked the number, six walked in seven for young women at which too much of mere national momiles to attend, and are now on prayers in three languages were rality; we must press forward their seven mile walk home, with offered. In the United States, into religion and attain to the a hazy sunshine and chilly the Y. W. C. A. observed the day salvation of Jesus Christ. It is, breeze"-not in their spirits, we from Texas to North Dakota, to be sure, not only Japan that know. Whatever the outward and the Canadian program bore is in the wrong now. All naweather may have been, surely on its cover a thought to quicken tions have sinned to bring about those faithful ones bore home- and inspire the imagination of this present situation. But we ward with them clear shining youth. ~'Girls of all nations join must not think of the sins of and a glow of heart. other nations but repent of our From West Africa comes the in the observance of this World own sin first. We must get our Day of Prayer. While we in following letter, "It is no won- Canada are yet sleeping, the day national nature transformed, der that the work in Africa is so changed by God. We must refruitful, for African women do will have dawned in Oriental countries. The girls of Japan pent and be born again.

pray! The service was to begin will lead in this circle of prayer This confession might be at 9: 30, but the women began to round the world." made, this prayer offered, not gather at 8 o'clock. One group started out from their town Prayer for the Nations. In only by a Japanese, but by the about two miles away, singing the Christian Women's Federa- citizens of almost any country in hymns, and other women joined tion of Tokyo, prayer kindled this troubled world. May each them on the road. They came action. They cabled to Shanghai, return of the World Day of from all directions, and when "We, the Tokyo Christian Wom- Prayer bring nearer the realizathe meeting began there were en's Federation, are today unit- tion of God's Kingdom on earth, three hundred and sixty-five ing in prayer for love, peace and women present, to join in sing- and the fulfillment of His will in ing the Doxology. We had silent goodwill between our countries," each individual life! prayer for a few moments, and and moreover, they took a subhow reverent they were-it stantial and practical step to- The annual observance of the seemed even the babies tried to ward that peace and goodwill by World Day of Prayer for 1934 be quiet! Then Kabiyen spoke will be February sixteenth. ()f the need of church leaders for a memorandum to the Premier prayer, especially mentioning asking him to make a special By agreement of the three national 'our friends who send us the mis- effort to stand by the principle cooperating organizations, promoting sionaries.' of interdependence and coopera- the observance, the interdenomina- tional enterprises chosen for the of- India tion, and also by a delegation to ferings given on the World Day of protest against the radio broad- Prayer are Christian Literature for "After a talk on India, one of casting of war news every eve- Women and Children in Mission the women prayed 'that those ning. "Today," said Miss Michi Lands, Christian Service among Mi- Kawai, principal of a school of grants, Women's Union Christian Col- her own and a national and in- leges in Foreign Fields, and Religious Work Directors in United States In- dian Schools.

Our Father, mlffJl we recognize all oys and girls, no matter what the color of thei~' slcins, as Thy children; and may we treat them as our brothers and sisters. Amen.

!, OUf W Outlook ~~~~~~~==~==~==~~==i~

orld~wide j; ~i A Missionary Newspaper of Current Events i~'

NORTH AMERICA women in church work, to have is reported in the Catholic popu- Religion Among Students house to house visitation, and to lation in the United States, a conduct some form of worship gain of less than one-fifth of one Here are some discoveries on Sunday but not to deliver a per cent. For the entire United made by Prof. Philip Parsons of sermon.-Presbyterian Banner. States the directory lists 12,537 the University of Oregon, in his churches with resident priests survey of religious conditions in A Telling Temperance Lecture and 5,723 missions. The clergy twelve state universities west of totals 29,782, which includes sixthe Rocky Mountains: Wilfred W. Fry, president of teen archbishops and cardinals, the great advertising agency, N. 102 bishops, 21,016 secular Ninety-one per cent of students W. Ayer & Son, in a statement come from homes where one or both of his firm's policy, delivered a priests and 8,766 priests of reliparents are members of the church, broadside against the liquor gious orders. There are 7,462 while only 40 per cent of the general business, by canceling a contract parochial schools enrolling 2,- population are church members; 67 of ten years' standing for adver- 170,102 pupils and 1,998 instituper cent of the students attended tising Canada Dry Ginger Ale, tions for higher education enrollchurch at least monthly in their Inc., because the company is to ing 179,345 students.-Missions. youth; 81 per cent went to Sunday school either weekly or occasionally; sell whisky and beer after repeal. In Many Tongues Mr. Fry, who is also an officer of 60 per cent still consider themselves The Met hod i s t Episcopal members of the church. During college years there is a drop of only five the International Committee of per cent in church membership; 42 the Y. M. C. A. and President of Church supports six mission per cent of the students attend church the Trustees of the Northfield enterprises among immigrants at least monthly, while an additional Schools, says that the return of 35 per cent have occasional church liquor will divert purchasing in the United States; the Hacontacts while in college; only 18 per waiian, Latin-American, Puerto cent go to Sunday school with fair power from essential commodi- Rican, Pacific Chinese, Pacific regularity; 24 per cent are members of some religious organization, 14 per ties; that its contribution to fed- Japanese and the Bi-lingual. cent of whom are not church mem- eral and local treasuries will be These six missions are working bers; 90 per cent of all students be- made at the expense of the class among seventeen racial groups.

lieve in God; 60 per cent-and not all that can least afford it; and that They have 235 pastoral charges, of these are church members-"consider themselves religious." "the liquor business has not with 20,000 members and 36,000 changed and will be run by the Sunday-school pupils. The Bi- -Herald of Gospel Liberty. same old crowd in the same old linqual Mission consists of sixty- way." four churches, missions and de- Service for Vacant Churches To handle the advertising of a partments within six areas, seventeen con fer e n c e sand A plan is being tried out in . liquor-selling firm would put the thirty-three districts. The mis- Iowa and Illinois whereby some N. W. Ayer agency "in the posi- sion has fifty-eight pastors. tion of making alcohol attractive Forty are Italian, three are of the mission churches unable to the youth of this country," Portuguese, three Slovak, two to provide salary for a full time Chinese, two Lithuanian, two minister may have religious which would be "for us an im- Spanish-speaking, and one Ar- possible situation." Further- menian, one Japanese, one service from trained leaders, as more, N. W. Ayer & Son does Korean, one Polish, one Russian a substitute until a minister can not care to force upon other cli- and one Syrian. Accessions for be engaged. As soon as the the past year number 878. Sunchurch is able to call a pastor, ents any connection with the day schools have an enrolment of the worker is transferred to an- liquor business, or to have it 6,377. -Christian Advocate. forced upon themselves. This is other needy field. Dr. Robert a plain forceful statement by a Better Negro Ministers Lee Sawyer, President of Presbyterian College of Christian business man who holds definite Very little has been done to- Education, Chicago, is the orig- convictions.

inator of the plan, and is encour- Slight R. C. Gains aging young women graduates to undertake this missionary serv- According to the "Roman ward providing an educated ice. The purpose is to upbuild Catholic Directory for 1933," as ministry for Negro churches. the Sunday school and young summarized in The New York Gammon Theological Seminary peoples' work, to encourage the Sun, an increase of only 32,012 at Atlanta, the only Negro the- [556 ] ological school with even moder- supper with the Indians, also a The meetings were full of power.

ate equipment and resources, has covered dish luncheon. Steps The conference was directed by an Indian pastor. The missionaries gave not added five thousand dollars were taken to stock the reserva- messages and offered a few minor sugto its endowment in the last thir- tion creek with fish, and to en- gestions here and there, but all in all ty years. During this time great courage the building of a small it was an Indian conference, called, advances have occurred in all recreation hut. Assistance was directed and financed by Indians. other fields of education. The given with clothes and a real -So S. Times.

multiplication and improvement friendship established with the Bibles for Devil's Island of schools for Negroes has pro- Indian women. -Congregationalist. duced an increasing number of The Salvation Army has been educated Negroes, and the Negro LATIN AMERICA given permission by the French church cannot function properly Government to inaugurate Gos- unless its leaders are on an edu- One Missionary Journey pel work among the prisoners on cational level with its intelligent Devil's Island, the convict settle~ members. In the State of Chiapas, Mexi- ment off the coast of French co, which has an area of 22,000 Guiana. The National Bible So- Indian Schools square miles and a population of ciety of Scotland has at the 450,000, Senor Jose Coffin, of the Army's request, dispatched to Partly due to the administra- Reformed Church Mission, is the them 500 New Testaments and tion's economy plan, federal day only ordained Protestant minis- 3,000 Gospels. schools are to be substituted for ter. All ministers must be nasome of the Indian boarding tives, according to Mexican law. -Alliance Weekly. schools. This decision was The following is an account of reached after a careful review of one of his recent missionary Christian School in the Andes the situation by the Office of In- journeys: dian Affairs. While most primary and sec- Last year we took a three months' ondary schools in the United Between 4,000 and 5,000 of the horseback journey, givmg emphasis to States draw their students from 22,000 Indian children formerly our rural work. J: took a diagonal line the immediate neighborhood, it attending fed era I boarding across the entire state from the south- is interesting to note that the schools now attend local day east to the northwest corner, visltmg schools or public schools. Funds also the cities of the central mountain American Institute, Methodist will be set aside not only for the region. I visited all of the districts School of La Paz, Bolivia, draws payment of tuition but for health under the jurisdiction of the several students from all parts of the rework, social work and commu- Consistories and established thirteen public, even some from Peru and nity development. new missionary stations. Three new Chile. The present enrolment is chapels were dedicated. Our emphasis 562 and includes boys and girls Indian, boys who are advanced always is on personal work and our of pure Indian blood. Tuition conviction is that this form of work in age will be offered an opportunity to enter the special Indian will continue to give far-reaching re- cost varies from about three dolreforestation camps. As a fur- sults. lars for kindergarten to five dolther departure from segregated lars for high school. With these institutional care of Indians, I received sixty-three people on con- fees it is possible to pay about more and more opportunities fession of faith, baptized ninety-two 95 per cent of the total running will be given them for vocation- children, married twenty-seven couples expenses of the institution, inal, as well as higher, education (previously married according to civil cluding the salaries of twelve in established state and local in- law) and made ten hundred and thir- missionaries and twenty-six Bostitutions.-The Living Church. tY-SIX pastoral calls. livian teachers. Only about 5 per cent of the annual budget is paid Helping Indian Neighbors -Christian Intelligencer. by the Board of Foreign Mis- sions.-Christian Advocate. The women of the, Good Will Indians at a Bible Conference Congregational Church of Syra- EUROPE cuse, N. Y., were not content At the request of Indian with merely studying about In- Christians a Bible Conference Laymen's Report dians in a book; they turned was recently held in Guatemala, Mr. N. B. Cox writes: This report is coming in for a At 4: 45 a. m. believers from Atitlan had two large dug-out canoes waiting on the shore and soon fifteen of us got into one and seventeen in the other.

their attention to neighboring For three and a half hours they pad- great deal of discussion, much of dled across the lake. On the other side Onondagas whose reservation is believers from several other towns it adverse, in the missionary peonly a few miles south of Syra- riodicals of Europe. Prof. Lar- were awaiting and took us to a house cuse and discovered that all their that had been cleaned and made ready sen of Copenhagen reviews it land, except that lying along a for our sleeping quarters. Another fully in the Nordisk Missions- was to serve as our dining room and creek, is worthless for farming. near by they had built a shelter of Tidskri/t. The Dansk Missions- Consequently they have no live- branches where some twenty women blad gives a translation of Dr.

stock and can raise only a little were grinding the corn and preparing – Robert Speer's evaluation. Ger- food. In the past they have de- meals. The believers had secured a man Protestant periodicals have large house that made an excellent pended upon finding outside chapel, and the five daily meetings given it much attention and latework which is now very scarce. were attended by all the believers and ly the German Roman Catholic These women shared a church many unbelievers. monthly Katholische Missionen

publishes the following which is Supporters of missions in the Missions ,to Jews in Hungary so characteristic, that it will German Evangelical Churches Mr. Forgacs, the Hungarian bear quoting. Alfons Vaeth, S.J., are concerned about the future member of the International under the title, "A criticism of of the work. What place will be Committee on the Christian Ap- American Protestant Missions" assigned to the 25 or 30 mission- proach to the Jews, sends the sums up his appraisal as fol- ary societies under the recon- following notes concerning a conference recently held in Hunlows: struction scheme? Will the gary. Nordic or Aryan families draw These laymen have in view a fu- themselves aside in proud exclu- A group of the leaders of the Hunturistic Christianity without Christ's garian Reformed Church, including cross and resurrection, without the siveness? several distinguished laymen, met in Holy Ghost and His grace, without A well-known Director of Mis- conference in Balatonkenese, and church and sacraments. Rather, it is among other topics, discussed the Jewno Christianity, but a belief in a non- sions, Herr S. Knak, attempts to ish problem. The conclusions arrived descript divine being and a "religion" answer such questions in the Das at may be summed up briefly thus: of universal humanity. Many mission Evangelische Deutschland. He societies, especially those of the con- 1. We, the disciples of Jesus Christ, tinent of Europe, will reject this re- admits that many people are for are pledged to proclaim the Gospel to port with determination; but the ma- the moment little concerned with all men following the Apostolic order: jority of Americans will find it to the world beyond the limits of "to the Jew first." their liking. In this way their mis- Germany. Some prophesy that sions will become still more degraded the work of missions will be seri- 2. We disapprove of Jews entering than before, into a social, educational ously hindered, if it does not end the Christian Church for any political and philanthropic reform movement, altogether, amid the changing or material motive, believing as we do with the utmost possible favoring of spiritual movements in Church that a radical change of heart is the the mortal foe of true religion, syn- primary condition of membership in cretism. For us Catholics the most and nation. Thousands of earn- the Christian Church. This radical incredible thing about it is, that lay- est men and women are deter- change, we believe, is the work of the men feel themselves called upon to sit mined, however, that the life- Holy Spirit through the Gospel, showin jUdgment on their churches and giving stream of missionary ing itself in the life and character of that the mission boards consider this those who accept the grace of God in quite a matter of course. endeavor shall continue to re- truth, and thus become good Chris- tians and useful members of the Christian German Jews fresh the fields which would oth- Church of Christ. erwise be barren. They fear lest, 3. The Christian Church must The Jewish Daily Bulletin re- "the nature of the Church itself ports 25,000 Jews converted to should be narrowed, impover- steadily oppose flagrant forms of sin among all men and especially such sins as are peculiar to racial character Christianity in Prussia alone ished, crippled and hopelessly whether Jew or Gentile, e. g., obscene publications and literature which has during the past 25 years. This secularized. A Church which such devastating effects on morality, only expressed what was be- and in which the Jew is not less does not take account of Jews lieved, felt, desired and regarded guilty than the Gentile. . who went over to Catholicism, or of Jews who accepted the Chris- as correct by the nation or its 4. In receiving the Jew into its midst the Christian Church as such, tian faith in sections of Germany leaders, would no longer be a and its members in particular, must outside of Prussia. Church of Christ. The Church take responsibility for the new broth- From the same source it was can only serve if it draws the er, and are obliged to the utmost of reported on June 27th that "The sources and the impulse for its their ability to help him in his Chris- Protestant Church of Germany, action from the Word and will tian development.

under its new Nazi leadership, of God." Christian Youth in Russia will study the question raised as The Berlin Missionary Society to the position of the baptized has passed a resolution at its In spite of all interdiction, Jews in relation to the general spring conference welcoming the groups of young people in Soviet discriminatory laws against the prospective union, and appeal- Russia meet in the name of Jews. Hitherto conversion has ing for a clear declaration in fa- Christ to strengthen Christiannot exempted Germans of Jew- vor of a vigorous foreign mis- ity among youth, and have reish descent from the laws." sion policy on the part of the ceived the name "Christomol,"

Vexing Questions in Germany new State Church. in contrast to the name "Komso- Baptist Advance in Italy mol" which means "Union of Prof. Karl Barth, theologian, One thousand, three hundred Communist Youth." The organof Bonn, Germany, has issued a and sixty-one baptisms are reforty-page pamphlet, setting ported by the Baptist Church in ization of this Christomol has Italy since 1929 when the Con- taken place in conditions almost forth his views on the problems cordat was adopted by the Ital- identical with those which exthat are vexing German Protes- isted at the beginning of Chris- . tantism. The new uGerman tianity.

Christian Movement" he pro- o ian State and the Roman Cath- Church Collections in Greece nounces umore national than olic Church. Not all obstacles Christian." As for a church are removed, but such a number The Greek Orthodox Church which must "please Hitler," be of baptisms in a country where in Greece is experiencing a relimited to Aryans, uphold the 39,000,000 out of 40,000,000 per- vival. Churches are crowded; majesty of the Nazi government, sons are nominally Roman Cath- people listen with rapt attention etc., Barth will have none of it. olics, shows a marked advance. and give evidence of changed

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

lives. While the people are feel- primitive custom was of real use with which native leaders ac- ing the effects of the depression, to the native and not readily to cepted the invitation to such a church collections have shown an be set aside. It was of greater conference. Time was not found increase. The i r catechetical importance to investigate what to discuss such subjects as the I'Ichools (corresponding to Sun- generally accepted ideas among adequate observance of the day schools) are having a re- the natives were mistaken, or Lord's Day, the use of intoxicat- markable development. Las t were the inevitable accompani- ing drinks, questionable dances, year there were 341 of these ments of witchcraft and super- fetishism, slavery, etc., which schools, with 28,594 students; stition which must be replaced had been placed on the agenda, this year they have increased to by more accurate opinions. The but attention was focussed on 468 schools with 45,404 students. demand of European settlers the difficulties connected with Their curriculum material is that all natives should be clothed native marriages. Missionaries practical and life-centered. while passing through towns has seldom joined in the voting.

robbed them of much of the ben- There was absolute unanimity AFRICA eficial action of the sun's rays, that the truly repentant trans- Modernizing Islam especially in winter; so that gressor of the marriage vow, they have become predisposed to who finds restoration to his for- The subtle influences of mod- tuberculosis and respiratory dis- mer married estate impossible ern thought are causing signifi- eases. Under-nourishment may might be restored to fellowship cant changes within the hoary be tolerated if there is an abun- after convincing proof of sincere institution of Mohammedanism. dance of sunshine, and the na- repentance. The way the natives The Mosque of AI-Azhar, Mos- tives' .custom of exposing their grasped the point, the lucidity of lem university in Cairo, and the bodies to the sun is one of na- their statements and the earnestoldest university in the world is ture's commendable remedies to ness of the prayers commanded being modernized. Old courses enable them to withstand the admiration. are modified or abandoned for ravages of drought. -Congo Mission News.

modern sciences, made necessary -South African Outlook. Testing Time at Ikau to defend the criticisms of Mos- Census for Nigeria The work of the Congo Protlems whose faith was liable to be estant Council at Ikau and sursapped by the influence of mod- A census, completed by the rounding districts comprises 149 ern conditions of life. This government of Nigeria in 1931, outstations, with a church memmerely shows that Islam must throws light on the development bership of over 4,000. The adjust itself if it is to survive. of that country. The largest Egypt Checks Persecution tribes are the Hausa, the Ibo and shrinkage of funds put native the Yoruba, each being over teachers to a test, when a circu- As a result of an attack by three million. The non-native lar letter was sent to each one, Moslems on a Franciscan Mis- population is 5,442, an increase stating clearly that no salary sion at Kafr el Zayat, Egypt, the of 32 per cent. From the reli- could be guaranteed. In two government has taken steps to gious census it appears that 2,- weeks replies began to come in, check the anti-missionary agita- 055,305 are unclassified as to and all the teachers were willing tion. It has forbidden the Com- religion; 7,709,807 are Mos- to continue their work whether mittee for the Defence of Islam lems; 7,543,220 are Animists. they received much or little pay, to hold public meetings, and only Protestants number 710,453, and many adding that they were not the Ulema of the Al Azhar Uni- Roman Catholics 188,507. in their work for the sake of versity is permitted to appeal for There are 36,626 schools in money but that they might serve subscriptions from Moslems to Nigeria, attended by 380,305 the Lord Jesus Christ and adrender the "charity" of the mis- scholars and staffed by 240 Eu- vance His Kingdom. sionaries unnecessary. Newspa- ropeans and 8,815 Africans. Of But the real test came when it pers desiring to increase their these 2,678 schools with 135,162 was decided to call in the teachcirculation have been constantly pupils are under government ers and overseers with their colagitating opposition to mission- and native administration. lecting boxes, and count what aries.-Alliance Weekly. -The Church Overseas. money was there to be distrib- uted. When the total sum in the Good Native Customs Bolobo Conference on 149 boxes was known it was At the recent Science Con- Marriage found to be very little, but after gress at Barberton, Dr. F. G. two days of thought and prayer, Cowston read an interesting and A successful conference of suggestive paper on "Conserving missionaries and native mem- only four teachers handed in bers of the churches at Tshum- their resignations. Native Customs." A careful biri, Bolobo and Lukolela was -Congo Mission News.

study, he said, of primitive agri- held at Bolobo, May 30th to June. Paying in Brass Rods culture, native dress, the treat- 2d. It was necessary to discuss ment of the sick and the whole the church's attitude toward va- H. D. Brown, missionary in manner of life in a native kraal rious native problems, and it was the Tondo region of the Congo, led to a conviction that much gratifying to note the eagerness writes that native' gifts to the

church have been drastically re- to create a popular language. settle on Cyprus. Land, labor, duced. "Because of the scarcity The whole nation was called to water and other power can be of money the old medium of cooperate and for about one year had quite cheaply on the island, commerce, brass rods, are ac- there has been a passionate hunt- and these factors, combined with ceptable. These have been in ing after Turkish words both in the thought that Cyprus enjoys circulation more or less among Turkish folklore and literature. imperial preference, have conthe people, and it is used in the Over 100,000 words are now sub- tributed to make it decidedly atpayment of an African 'dowry.' mitted and from these the new tractive to Palestinian farmers. We have received about 1,560 Turkish language is to evolve. Being a British possession, Cyrods. These helped to pay the The new Turkish dictionary is prus can afford a haven for preacher-teachers. likely to be a monument of hu- German-Jewish refugees in a -Watchman-Examiner. man work; but much more im- greater measure than a land portant and also much more dif- governed by considerations such Harvesting in Madagascar as Palestine. ficult will be its practical en- -Christian Century. Madagascar is a land of per- forcement. plexing problems. Present con- Massacre in Iraq ditions have let loose disinte- -Christian Century. grating forces; there has been a A massacre of Assyrians has re-emergence of pagan practices A Moslem Boy at School been reported in northern Iraq. in certain areas and a break- Strong protests have followed. down of Christian restraints in At Gerard Institute, a Presby- The patriarch of the Assyrians others. The Malagasy Chris- terian School near Sidon a series has taken refuge in British tertians have on the whole stood of evangelistic addresses was ritory, Sir Francis Humphreys the test but some have fallen by given. One meeting was in has set out to Iraq and there is the way. The Malagasy are re- charge of the graduating class, reason to suppose that the Britligiously responsive, but need and each member spoke. One of ish Government will do all that constant encouragement. The the most impressive was a Mos- it can, but great injury has been hope lies increasingly with those lem boy from Transjordania, done. Safety measures had not of their own people who are and of the well-known Mufti been taken to secure these loyal trained to take responsibility in family, who said: Assyrians against their tradi- When I came to this school I spent tional enemies, the Kurds. the first few days cursing the school INDIA church life. There are now sev- and even those who sent me here, and eral such Malagasy Christians; I vowed that under no circumstances The Gospel Focus three on the staff of theological would I remain in a Christian school. schools and another in charge of But as you know, we Circassians are Three public preaching serv- Sunday-school work in Imerina. trained from our birth to obey our ices are held every day by the The most encouraging features leaders; so I wrote to my eldest evangelist at different centers in of the past year in Imerina were brother, who is head of our family, the Presbyterian hospital at saying that I could not stay in a Miraj. Bibles, New Testaments, the "Pastors' Refresher Course" Christian school and be under the or- Gospels and religious books are and Sunday school expansion. ders of Christians. My brother an- distributed to patients, both pri- swered me and said, "I know what you vate and ward. Magic lantern In the examinations held in Sep- need, and that is to be in this school. lectures on the life and work of You will remain, study hard, and obey, Christ are given every Wednestember, out of 2,500 who took or you cease to be my brother." So the second examination over I stayedjand now.I thank God that I have a wise brother, and as long as I 1,500 obtained from 90 to 100 live, I shall never forget what I have per cent.-The Chronicle. learned here of true brotherhood.

WESTERN ASIA -Syria News Quarterly. day in the men's and women's wards. Song services are con- Reforming the Turkish Jewish Colonization Expands ducted on Sunday evenings. The Bible women go daily to the Language An Anglo-Palestine exhibition women's and children's wards To nine out of ten Turks, in London has attracted renewed for a service of song and Bible written Turkish is incomprehen- attention to Palestine as the only teaching. Crowds of men, womsible. The past few months have country in the Near East, and brought nearer the fundamental perhaps in the whole world, not en and children hear the Gospel reform which will probably to have suffered from the depres- from the hospital evangelists as sion. Groups of German Jews they wait their turn at the clinic count as the most remarkable fleeing persecution in Germany to see the doctor.

ever undertaken. The language have crossed Turkey with a view -Presbyterian Banner.

is a compound of Turkish prop- to getting to Palestine. Mean- Christians in Gara Hills er, Arabic and Persian. When· while, news from the Holy Land the Gazi decided to clear the represents an expansion of Jew- Nearly thirty per cent of the Turkish language of its foreign ish colonization to Transjor- Christians of the whole Assam components, he had two objects dania as imminent. There is al- mission are in the Garo Hills and in view: one to sever connection so, it is reported, a tendency Goalpara district, where the with the oriental past; the other among Jewish agriculturists to number has passed the 15,000

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

mark. There are more than 200 has started a self-supporting built up a prosperous business Sunday schools with 10,000 in school of sixty children as a re- as a soap manufacturer. His attendance. To visit the 325 sult of petitions signed by thirty interest has always been keen in churches throughout that area to forty thumb prints. the work of the Bible Society, would mean a year of constant -Christian Advocate. and he is a liberal giver. He has recently pledged 500 ticals for travel, Sundays excepted, and Untouchables at Trichinopoly three years, to train a colporteur. would leave no time for the hun- dreds of non-Christian villages. The first session of the Madras CHINA . -Watchman-Examiner. Presidency Untouchable Chris- Gandhi's Ashram Closed tian Conference was held recent- Only a Beginning ly. One of the resolutions passed Mr. Gandhi's famous ashram at this conference called upon The Protestant Christians of at Sabarmati, near Ahmedabad, the members of the community China number hardly more than established in 1915 for training not to associate themselves with 450,000 among a population of men in the pursuit of truth is to those who still regard them as 447,757,876 in the eighteen provbe closed. Mr. Gandhi gives his untouchables. Another ominous inces. A force of 5,753 missionreason in the following words: resolution warned the ecclesias- aries are located at 601 stations tical authorities that unless they scattered through 1,608 counties. . Hundreds of thousands who took came forward to redress their There are 6,000 churches. Of part in the struggle have lost their grievances in three months' time the 1,608 counties 293, with 146,- all. Having heard the story of the they would consider changing 500 villages, are unoccupied; sufferings of the villagers, I felt that their faith and the canon law 206 others, with 103,000 vilsome drastic action was necessary on would not be binding on them. lages are practically unoccupied. my part. What is it that I could sac- There are 440,000,000 Chinese rifice? I have nothing on earth which Fighting Leprosy in Madras who either heed not the gospel, I can call my own. But I have something which is more precious to me or know it not. -Watchman-Examiner. than what would be considered as The modern method of com- bating leprosy in the Madras mine. Among these the most precious thing is the ashram, and I felt that on the eve of my embarking upon what Presidency was initiated by the Communism Waning is to me a fresh and sacred mission in British Empire Leprosy Relief life, I should invite fellow-workers in Association Survey Party in Writing in the July World Tothe ashram to join me and give up for morrow, Mr. T. Z. Koo discusses the time being the activities in which 1929. In 1931, the Government, the question, "Will China Turn they have been engaged all these in order to organize leprosy Communist 7" He considers the years, and I am glad to be able to say work throughout the presidency, threatened disintegration of Chithat not one of them had the slightest sanctioned the appointment of na's rural economic system the hesitation in believing that the time six group leprosy officers, each strongest factor favoring comhad come for the ashram to make the munism, but cites a number of sacrifice. of whom was directed to open as elements in the general situation many leprosy clinics as finances which are unfavorable to the Champa Leper Church success of communism, among would permit, train the medical A large church has been officers in the up-to-date meth- them: erected at Bethesda Leper Home, ods of diagnosis and treatment Champa, C. P. The earnest of leprosy, do propaganda and 1. The social ethical code of China, developed over a period of nearly two listeners who are able to read survey work and examine school thousand years, exalts such virtues as bring Bibles, with pencils, and children for leprosy. As a re- filial piety, respect for age and learn- suIt 200 new leprosy clinics have mark passages at the preacher's request. The Sunday school has been opened, bringing the total ing, chastity and obedience in women; ten classes; as a rule, every in- available up to 250. In the past and emphasizes tolerance and benevo- lence in mutual relations between man mate attends. Weekly prayer year, in the Madras Presidency and man. When the communists murmeetings are led by an Indian some 28,000 cases were treated der and loot in the name of commu- worker, a leper or the mission and 400,000 injections given. nism and show their contempt for superintendent. -The Church Overseas. China's traditional ethical code by -Without the Camp. preaching against filial piety and A Siamese Chris,tian practicing free love among themselves, A Chance for Bhil Girls they are encountering a stone wall. The Rev. Robert O. Franklin, The Central Provinces Meth- Secretary of the American Bible 2. The Communist Party in China odist Conference has organized Society in Siam, writes of a small is essentially a mass movement, and a woman's unit, and reports a boy, Koo Ngak Song, beginning as such requires a new type of leader- ship as well as following. These ele- ments are absent in the general situa- school project which will give to his school days in the Bangkok tion in China. The Communist Party Bhil girls a chance. Only six- here is dealing with an undisciplined teen girls from the Bhils are in Christian College, who earned mass through an untrained leadership. 25 stangs per week, (about 10 Such a combination of handicaps is the eleven schools of that sec- cents), for sweeping and scrub- . enough to cripple even a popular politti-on. Hitherto "no Bihl woman bing the floors of the Bible ical movement. and the Communistic has ever learned to read or write, Movement in China has already outnor had they learned habits of House. lived its days of popularity (1923-27). cleanliness." Godhra District That boy has become one of 3. The close connection of the Chi- the rich men of Bangkok, having nese Communist Party with the Third

International is another factor against trained Chinese philosopher who for as many as possible of its success in this country. Its pro- is known as "the father of the China's needy children. gram for China is hatched in Moscow. Chinese renaissance," has been When national feeling is so strong in lecturing at the University of -The Christian Century. China as it is at this moment, any po- Chicago on the general theme, litical party which takes orders from "Cultural Trends in Modern The Investment in Pishan an extra-national source is bound to China." Two disquieting feabe working under a serious handicap. tures of his estimate were his Pishan is a walled city of West opinion that China's present China with a population of about 4. Ever since 1927 the Communist weakness, as compared with 11,000. About 40 years ago the Party has been torn by a series of vio- Japan, is due to the fact that Methodist Church began work lent internal dissensions. These have China has no military class, there, and soon had a church and seriously affected the strength of the shows little honor to its soldiers, schools. The buildings are not party and show no sign of abatement. and "will need several genera- impressive-adobe walls and tions to get over its prejudice cement floors, and for seats, saw Madame Chiang's Evangelistic against the military and to build horses without backs. For years, Campaign up a strong army and navy"; the annual appropriation did not and his judgment that the trend exceed $20, and the largest Mr. Robert W. Porteous of the of Chinese culture is away from amount the mission ever re- China Inland Mission writes all religion, the attitude of the ceived in a year did not exthat Madame Chiang Kai-Shak leaders of thought being that re- ceed $150. The total investment' recently attended the missionary ligion is an enemy of progress for plant and running expenses prayer meeting for the workers and must be replaced by science in 40 years has been $4,000. of the various missions working by which alone both the moral Now for the return in transin Nanchang Ki, and asked that and the material aspects of life formed lives: the missionaries do something to can be improved. meet the needs of the wounded President Dsang of West China and dying soldiers in the govern- -Christian Century. University; ment hospitals, adding: "I want them to have the comfort of sal- Cooperating in Rural Areas Lien Ya-go, vice-president of the vation !" Chamber of Commerce of Chungking, Rural reconstruction is being a city of 800,000 people; a Christian The next afternoon, under the promoted by government and man of great influence in the city and direction of Madame Chiang, Christian forces. The Ministry province; three preaching bands, including of the Interior provided the picked workers from each mis- funds and the Department of Dr. Chien Jia-hong, superintendent sion, were organized and have Agricultural Economics of the of the Methodist Hospital, Tzechow, since been working effectively in University of Nanking the per- West China; the three larger military hos- sonnel, for economic and health pitals. studies of rural families. The Dr. Woo Yuei-Dsu, superintendent Tinghsien mass education move- Government Hospital, Shin Du; Mr. Leland Wang, the well- ment has entered into cooperaknown Chinese preacher, gave tion with the University of Nan- Miss Den Lien-fang, principal, the first talk to the men. They king in crop improvement. The Methodist High School for Girls, responded well and a number of University of Nanking is coop- Chungking; hands were raised indicating erating to secure a complete their desire to accept this offer agricultural census of one dis- Six prominent pastors in Szechuen of a crucified, risen, glorified trict in Kiangsu. Likewise the Province; Saviour. The workers visited government is financing and the the wounded in the various university cooperating in a study This list can be lengthened. wards, telling them, as Madame of the marketing and transporta- -Christian Advocate. Chiang herself suggested, of the tion of farm products. One who suffered more than they Reaching the Children ever have. The attitude of the Among the private organizaofficers and men has been more tions aiming at reconstruction For two years Miss Florence friendly with each visit. of life at an important point is Nickles, missionary of the South- the National Child Welfare As- ern Presbyterian Church, has In addition to tracts, booklets, sociation of China. This organi- been giving the major portion of Gospel portions, a nicely bound zation, while linked neither to her time to women's and chilpocket New Testament has been the government nor the Chris- dren's work in the tent evangelgiven to each of the soldiers who tian forces directly, has the sym- istic campaigns conducted by would use it. pathetic favor of both. It has Mr. George Hudson in old estab- been in operation about four lished churches in China, and These New Testaments were years. Its leadership is Chris- also in new centers. The meetthe gift of the American Bible tian. It aims to study the legal ings last fall were more largely Society. status of children, promote their attended than ever before, the health and education and care tent, seating 500, being usually -Bible Society Record. filled at the evening service, with sometimes as many more stand- Dr. Hu Shih Interprets Trend ing on the outside. The most significant part of the work has Under the auspices of the been that among children, since Haskell Foundation Institute, government restrictions have Dr. Hu Shih, the American been laid upon religious teaching in day schools. The meetings are held after school hours, and bring an average attendance of

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

300. One hour of religious in- Christian Story-tellers tainted children of lepers, and struction each afternoon for Following the earthquake of by an attempt to get under eight or ten days is equivalent 1923, a group of Tokyo Christian proper care leper patients in the laymen have been back of a initial stage of the disease. This to what the child would receive movement to provide Christian has been next to impossible with in one term in a mission day story-tellers for the public pri- methods hitherto in use. mary schools of the city. Arschool. There is, however, little rangements are made with the -Without the Camp. opportunity for dealing with the school authorities to have these speakers visit their school and Ex-Prisoner Sells Bibles individual, but at the close of a tell the children Bible stories. series of meetings where there is These speakers are accompanied One of the most reliable and a church the local pastor is al- by a skilled Christian singer successful Bible sellers in Japan ways present to extend an in- is an ex-prisoner who had been vitation to the children to attend who teaches the children Chris- sentenced for life. He was so the church Sunday school. The tian songs. unruly as to be a problem to the enthusiastic children are often institution. A fellow inmate frethe means of stimulating a During the past twelve months quently read the New Testament, sixty-nine primary schools were but this prisoner's hatred of the somnolent pastor.

-Christian Observer.

visited and 123 Bible story peri- book was so bitter that he turned ods were held. All told, 80,017 his back to avoid seeing it. But JAPAN one day he opened and began to school children attended these read it. Later, he told of his ex- Vigorous Women's Movement meetings. Not only are these Christians continue to public- Bible stories given in the school perience. ly challenge the moral life of the auditorium with the cooperation "I lay prostrate on the cold nation, and none more heroically of the school authorities, but the prison floor. Some one seemed than Mrs. Kotoko Hani, editor Educational Section of the City's to say, 'Come unto me, all ye that of one of Japan's leading maga- Social Welfare Bureau sponsors labor and are heavy laden, and I zines for women, Fujin no Tomo, this movement and cooperates in will give you rest.' I had no jdea and principal of a modern school its work. Since the movement what happened, but I found my for girls in the suburbs of Tokyo. began, 463 schools have been burden gone and my heart at Another vigorous Christian visited, allowing for repetitions, rest." women's movement is the Japa- and 455,430 children have had The change was instantly apnese W. C. T. U. with its 171 an opportunity to listen to Bible parent to officials and prisoners, branches. In fighting Japan's stories told by men and women so that he was given a degree of "white slave" traffic, in efforts who are experts in this field. freedom and entrusted with imfor temperance, and more re- Can this unique piece of Chris- portant responsibilities. A year cently in the endeavor to prevent tian service be paralleled in so- or so later he was released, came into the service of the Bible Sothe government's manufacture called Christian nations? ciety, and after fifteen years is and sale of a special brand of -National Christian Council the most efficient man in the cigarette for women, in peace ac- field. Review. tivities, and in the struggle for -Bible Society Record. better education, the Japanese Setting the Pace W. C. T. U. is rapidly assuming The friendly attitude toward ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC moral leadership. mission leper hospitals in Japan, Korea and Formosa continues to -Christian Century. Church Union in Australia Rest for Store Employees be an inspiring example to other There is a movement on foot countries of the Orient. This at Canberra, Australia, for the The Dai Maru department has found expression in an in- establishment of organized local stores in Kyoto, Osaka and Kobe crease of official literature on the church cooperation, embracing were the first in Japan to give a subject, and in more frequent the Presbyterians, Methodists weekly day of rest to their em- public meetings enabling the and Congregationalists. The ployees. Two of the three man- people to gain intelligent infor- scheme would provide for both agers are Christians. Two of mation regarding the nature of ministers and people to retain the three store buildings were the disease, and ways of pro- their own status in their respecplanned by the architectural de- tecting themselves against it. tive communions. Final appartment of the Omi Mission. A Donations to supplement the proval of the cooperative scheme new extension of the store has government budget for leper pa- by the Presbyterian General Asbeen opened in Osaka, designed tients have followed, while a sembly of Australia is still within and without by Mr. H. third practical result has been awaited for its definite comple- Sato, head draftsman at the Omi the enlargement of the govern- .tion. The Council for Coopera- Agricultural School. It was al- ment budget for treating a tion has appointed committees to most the last piece of work be- larger number of leper patients prepare further necessary defore his death. and for methods of prevention, tails, and it is expected that the -Omi Mustard Seed. by providing homes for un- actual launching will take place

in the near future. "When the operation on her forehead would Never has a Christian preacher had a more wonderful opportunity than Federal City was in process of necessitate her holding her hand today to show the religious spirit, to offer a practical plan for social salvainauguration," says the Austra- up there for the rest of her life tion in the world of here and now. Mine is a religion of the minority and lian Christian Commonwealth, to keep the brain in, did not seem I am debarred from the strategic ad- vantage of effectiveness, but Chris- "it was publicly suggested that likely to understand the Gospel tianity is overwhelmingly in the ma- jority in our Western civilization. Let its creation would furnish a good story. Yet she came to know the it speak out, plead in the name of Christ, and society is bound to listen. opportunity for the practical Lord, and her life was so If I were a Christian preacher I working out of a program of changed that her sons attended would read the life of the Nazarene to catch a solution for the problems church unity; and the present the hospital services to find out among which I live. "What would Jesus think?" would be the test I scheme is an attempt in that di- what had changed her. They would apply to all matters of today, and I would speak out, regardless of rection." made the great discovery, and social displeasure and congregational opposition. now there are several members I would lift my voice in and out of In the Dutch East Indies of that family trusting in the season for the outlawing of war ex- Saviour. Two men who were cept for the sheer defense of our fire- Missionary Inspector Dibelius converted in the hospital came to sides. I would take my stand on the reports on the consolidation of us and said, before their physi- Sermon on the Mount-words of Jesus congregations in the Dutch East cal needs were fully attended to, that scintillate with pacifism. I would Indies. He mentions the fact "The people in our town don't call anything glorifying the battlefield that in 1930 the Christians of know about this-we must go or condoning belligerency as antithe Batak race in Sumatra, num- back and tell them now." They Christ. bering 330,000, framed a consti- went, bought a little Chinese tution and gained recognition as house, cleared everything out of .I would lift up my voice in opposia Batak Church. They were fol- it, placed seats, and began to lowed in 1932 by the congrega- read to those who came out of tion to the rising tide of nationalism tions of central Java. Their the Word of God. and the cult of race. If I were a first synod met in February, Christian minister, I would love my 1932. In December of the same -Omi Mustard Seed. country not less but humanity the more. I would refuse to let nationalyear a general synod was organ- GENERAL ism gag the teaching of the Gospel of Believe It or Not man. ized also in eastern Java. Now steps are being taken to bring I would say much on the economic order in which we live. I would reabout a self-sustaining Indian The May-June, 1933, issue of fuse to see society exploit its weakest Church, which at present is The Mediator, says: members, to see ground down in the closely bound up with the colo- dust the Dodies and souls of helpless nial government. "In his scholarly work, 'Pa- millions. ganism, Christianity and Ju- I would have a message with regard daism,' the famous Jewish au- to the Jews-the people among whom Opportunities of Medical thor, Max Brod, has this to say: the Saviour lived while on earth. Missionary 'I am constantly amazed at the -Southern Churchman.

"In South Formosa, where the naivete of our teachers and lead- Historical Religions Gospel has been faithfully ers who are surprised when I tell them that the best of our History records twenty-three preached since the pioneer work youth, our intellectuals, become distinct religions, of which of Dr. J. L. Maxwell, founder of Christians out of conviction…. twelve have disappeared. The the London Medical Missionary Our 'leaders' do not believe it. eleven living religions have their birthplace in Asia, four in south- Association, 86 % of the hospital To them a Jew never becomes a ern Asia-Hinduism, Jainism, Christian unless he wants to bet- Buddhism and Sikhism; three in patients had never once heard ter his position. That Christian- eastern Asia-Confucianism, the Gospel," says Dr. Percy ity has drawn to itself such noble Taoism, and Shintoism; and Cheal. "A young man came to souls as Pascal, Novalis, Kirke- four in western Asia-Judaism, gaard, Amiel, Dostojewsky, Zoroastrianism, Mohammedanthe hospital needing an opera- ism and Christianity. Eight of tion on his stomach. During his Claudel, etc., etc., and that it ex- these religions have no missionstay he heard the Gospel for the ercises a most overwhelming in- ary vision; only three aim to be first time and came to know the fluence on the most earnest universal-Buddhism, Moham- Lord Jesus as his Saviour. When truth-seekers among us, of that medanism and Christianity. our teachers know nothing.''' Buddhism is struggling for suhe went home his father, who (Vol. 1, p. 120.) premacy by using the methods had the same trouble, came in of Christianity; Mohammedanneeding the same operation. He, ism would conquer the world by too, was converted. After him the sword, and Christianity would prevail by love. Chriscame the original man's uncle, Christian Preacher's tianity is the only religion that and finally that uncle's two sons. Opportunity All came to a saving knowledge· of the Saviour, and one sug- Rabbi Louis D. Mendoza regested that the Church, which cently addressed his congregathey hope to start in their south- tion in Norfolk, Va., on what he ern district, might be called the would preach if he were a Chris- 'stomach' Church!" tian minister. Among other An old lady, who thought an things he said:

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

deals adequately with sin and quently than business men. They active worker for Social revoluself; the only religion that offers live more frugally. The real tion. At a Young People's Conto mankind a Saviour who has missionary need not worry about ference he made the following risen from the dead; and the tenure of office for he is a crank statement: only religion whose Founder who believes God has called him abides with power in the hearts to a life job and he intends to Today I detect a changing attitude of those who trust in Him. The stick to it. The missionary is toward missions-less enthusiasm and fundamental difference between human. We must not expect considerable doubt as to the wisdom Christianity and all other living him to be continually doing of the movement. Some of this is due religions is that, while the dev- something original. "How many to a changing theology. While I do otees of other religions blindly of the twelve apostles did any- not wish to press economic determinseek upward, from earth to- thing original?" the b ish 0 p ism too far, I do want to warn you wards God, Christianity pro- asked. But within the last cen- that Christians must expect to find claims the fact that God has tury the missionary has planted capitalistic, imperialistic, nationalistic come to earth in the person of Christianity so deeply in the and race-conscious propaganda agen- His Son Jesus Christ to seek and Orient that it cannot be up- cies attacking subtly or openly the to save those who are lost. rooted. Let anyone try to rein- present-day missionary, not because troduce into India or China cer- he is not doing a good job, but be- -Alliance Weekly. tain social practices common cause he is doing his Christian duty there a hundred years ago and as a citizen of the new world commu- Last Year's Church Gain he will discover how profoundly nity we are trying to build. Our wide- Christfanity has changed the life awake missionaries are to be found on In 1932, churches and reli- of those nations. "I have been the front line in the fight against gious organizations showed one through nearly half of that cen- imperialism, against exploitation, of the largest annual gains ever tury and I have never known a against racial prejudice, against narecorded. The total membership missionary who did not try to see tionalism and militarism. The best of in the United States was 50,- the Gospel in its essence apart these workers are the salt of the 037,209. from his Western training and Church. Support them in their trying who would not gratefully accept "front line work," defend them against Growth in church membership help from his Oriental converts patrioteers and imperialists who dein the United States has steadily and urge them to find their own nounce them as pacifists, un-Ameroutstripped growth in the coun- interpretation of the Christian ican, "pink," "red," etc. The Christian try's population, according to the life." -Christian Century. Church can partake directly in the report issued by the Christian struggle against imperialism by send- Herald. From 1900 to 1933, cov- Christian Pictures Wanted ing just such workers to the actual ering approximately a single centers of conflict to support the opgeneration, church membership Miss Clementina Butler, chair- pressed and to report the struggle to increased from 2'7,383,000 to 50,- man of the committee on Chris- us back home. 037,209, or 82.8 per cent; while tian Literature for Women and the population increase in the Children in Mission Fields, who -Congregationalist. same period was 65.8 per cent. spent last year visiting missions Baptists led all the denomina- in the Far East, reports that Missionary Expenditure tions with an increase of 357,353. chromo pictures in glaring colors In the matter of finances, the are sold at the melas and ba- Dr. A. L. Warnshuis has preshowing of the churches is better zaars. These depict the lives of pared, as in previous years, the than that of most secular enter- the gods and some of them are following table to show the agprises. Contributions for all far from desirable. Even in gregate expenditure of the Mispurposes were $19.02 per capita Christian families, whose chil- sionary Societies cooperating in in 1932, compared with $22.62 in dren attend Sunday school, the 1931; and the per capita contri- walls were adorned by these the national missionary organbutions for benevolences were Hindu pictures. When asked izations represented in the Inter- $3.12 in 1932, compared with why, they said they no longer national Missionary Council in $3.71 in 1931. believed in them but thought the the years 1929~31. pictures pretty. The Christian In Defense of the Missionary Literature Committee asks help Average to provide cheap, colorful pic- Bishop Frank G. Mosher, of tures of beautiful subjects, such Expenditu1'e the Protestant Episcopal Church, as Christ, the Good Shepherd, whose experience covers 40 years and Christ Blessing Little Chil- Australia ………….. $1,390,381 in China and the Philippines, dren. -Watchman-Examiner. made a brilliant defense of mis- Belgium …………… 3,664 sionaries he has known, during a A Marxist on Missions meeting of the National Chris- Denmark ………….. 518,386 tian Council in Manila. They Tucker Smith is president of tower far above any other group Brookwood Labor College and an Finland……………. 117,674 of foreigners in the Orient. They go on furlough less fre- France ……………. 197,838 Germany ………….. 1,525,494 Great Britain ………. 11,031,513 Latin America ……… 4;401,990 Netherlands ……….. 443,827 New Zealand. . . . . . . . . . . 449,266 North America * …….. 28,171,146 Norway …………… 604,608 Sweden …………… . 1,020,521 Switzerland ………… 292,761 South Africa … . . . . . . . . 794,870 $50,963,939 • Exclusive of expenditure in Latin Amer- ica.

-International Revieu' of Missions.

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1 Our Missionary Bookshelf r Recent Books Reviewed for the Readers' Information I.~~~II~~~===========================~ Today's You t h and Tomorrow's tangible" about the book, that it make it a success in tomorrow's World. By Stanley High. 12 mo. world." We know that only Cloth, $1.00; paper, 60c. Friend- does not draw conclusions and Jesus Christ himself can change ship Press, New York. 1933. propose definite solutions. If it tomorrow's world, but we know were to do so, it would be play- also that even He cannot do it Just what today's youth will ing false to its fundamental as- without today's youth. do with tomorrow's world the sumption, which is that the soluauthor does not try to predict, tions are yet to be discovered S. FRANKLIN MACK. but he leaves no stone unturned and that what our too-complain an attempt to put squarely be- cent Christians of today need Wayfaring for Christ. By A. M. fore American boys and girls of most is to be stabbed awake. It Chirgwin. 160 pp. Paper cover, 2s. high school age (for whom it is seeks to provide not panacea but Livingston Press. London. 1933. written) some of the major ills provocation. The remedies are that will need treatment if it is implied, but they must be dug The secretary of the London to become better and more Chris- out. Missionary Society wrote this tian. It is his conviction, not little book after his return from only that these problems of a Like the other two young peo- a twelve months' visit to mission sick world are of real interest to stations in Africa and Madagasyoung people today, but that it ple's study books for this year, car. It is not a mere report of is the supreme obligation of Bartlett's "Builders of a New his tour but a general discussion Christian youth to put Christ at of evangelistic missionary work World" and Stock's "So This Is from the days of the Apostle Missions!" "Today's Youth" has the very heart of the modern as its theme "Christ and the Paul down to the present, enworld, and in doing so to match Modern WorId." It makes no riched by many incidents and and surpass the zeal of those distinction between "home" and impressions of his journeyings youth of other lands who are "foreign" mISSIons, but ad- on the field. He "saw the aucommitted to the spread of dresses itself rather to the in- thentic work of the Kingdom of tensive task of the Christian God and men pressing forward Fascism and Communism. His unusual background of Church, a task just as real in the the frontiers and proclaiming world travel and his close and home church as in any mission the Good News in a hundred difcontinued contact with youth field: the making of life truly ferent ways." A. J. B.

movements in other countries, as Christian. It does not thereby Mother Whittemore's Modern Mirwell as with the young people I)f imply that the extensive work acles. Edited by F. A. Robinson. 8 of the Church has been com- vo. 304 pp. Illus. $2. Missions America, enable Stanley High to pleted, but that in our commend- of Biblical Education. Toronto, paint the now familiar problems of race, war, industry, national- able eagerness to spread the Canada. 1933. ism, high-speed living and the Gospel across the geographical Here is a fascinating book of rest on a large canvas and with world we have too long over- actual experiences in leading more than the usual degree of looked the fact that spread is straying and lost women to perspective. For this reason, not synonymous with permea- Christ and His Way of Life. and because the author speaks tion, and that our world has Most of the material is gathered the language of youth with un- other than geographical aspects. from Mrs. Vhittemores' own usual facility, "Today's Youth The spirit of the book may be records and addresses. Her son and Tomorrow's World" will un- caught from the words with and daughter also bear testimony doubtedly prove to be one of the which it closes: "There are to the record. No one can symmost popular mission study texts many movements of youth today. pathetically read these experipublished in years. Where it A new one is called for: a youth ences without being stirred with was used this summer in the movement that accepts Jesus' sorrow at the sad fate of many young people's conferences the . program as its platform and wayward girls, with indignation classes were both large and en- which takes Jesus' spirit as its at the devilish wiles that lead thusiastic. driving power. Enough of to- them astray and with admira- It may be remarked by older day's young people will read this tion and thanksgiving for such readers that there is "nothing book to start such a crusade and sacrificial and faithful ministry Any of the books noted in these columns wlll be sent by the REVIEW pUblishers on receipt of price.

[566 ]

OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF

as that shown by the workers in dirt; how they labor night and WEIGH the "Door of Hope." day, travel long distances and THE work without proper facilities FACTS • •• and Mrs. Whittemore was led in and with insufficient supplies. He the Water Street Mission from tells of their work of prevention, GO fmPR£SS a life of thoughtless gayety to a their contributions to science life consecrated to God and His and their training of native docservice and was later healed in tors and nurses. A skilled phyanswer to the prayer of faith. sician can do much to relieve suf- She tells thrilling stories of fering in a neglected land but women saved in body and soul only a true follower of Christ and led into lives of beautiful can be a medical missionary. Christian character and ministry for others. "The Blue Bird John .Barleycorn. By Daniel A. Polof Mulberry Bend" is only one of ing. 8 va. 245 pp. $1.50. John many. Here are examples of applied Christianity that are unan- C. Winston Co. Philadelphia. 1933. swerable arguments to those who doubt the reality of God, the Here is a popular presentation Fact No.1 ••• The "Empress" fleet value of prayer and the power of of the case against the legalizing is the largest-ship-fastest-ship fleet. Jesus Christ to save unto the of the manufacture and the sale uttermost. The "Door of Hope" of intoxicants – in the form of Fact No.2 ••• Fares are extremely in New York was founded in "The Life and Letters of John low, First and Tourist Clas, 1890 and for forty years Mrs. Barleycorn." Dr. Poling pre- Whittemore car r i e d on this Fact No.3 ••• You save time by "work of faith, labor of love and sents the facts with conviction, going on an"Empress"ship. Empress of patience of hope." The work with humor, with pathos, and Japan (largest, fastest liner on the Pa· continues in many cities and the cHic) and Empress of Canada reach story is graphically told. with stirring satire. It is illus- Honolulu in 5 days … Yokohama in 8 trated with numerous cartoons. more! Empress of Asia and Empress How Far to the Nearest Doctor? By If Americans could be made fa- of Russia take the Direct Express Route Edward M. Dodd. 12 mo. 163 pp. miliar with these facts they • .. and make Yokohama in 10 days flat! 60 cents and $1. Friendship Press. would find some other remedy than repeal for curing the pres- New York. 1933. ent evils in business, society and the underworld that are charged These stories of medical mis- to bootlegging and Prohibition. sion work for young people have been gathered by Dr. Dodd in The First Wife and Other Stories. GO EMPRESS to Honolulu, his missionary experience, his By Pearl S. Buck. 8 va. 312 pp. Yokohama, Kobe, Nagasaki, world travels and his reading. Shanghai, Hong Kong, Manila They give a true and stirring pic- $2.50. The John Day Co. New ture of the great need of a healing ministry and what Christian York. 1933. All sailings from Vancouver and Vicmedical missionaries have done and are doing in many lands. These fourteen stories vary in toria. Fast, convenient trains direct to They are interesting stories, well told and show not only how interest and character. They ship.side at Vancouver. Orient fares inphysical suffering is relieved, but how these ministers of Christ are tragedies written in the same clude passage from Seattle. Reduced also bring spiritual comfort and salvation through Christ. Here beautiful style as Mrs. Buck's round·trip fares. Information from any we read of how Dr. Paul Harrison has gone into the desert of earlier volumes but are without Canadian Pacific agent: New York, Chi· Arabia; of the millions in Persia and India, in China and some of the coarse and objection- cago, San Francisco, Montreal, Vancou- Africa who are beyond the reach of any skilled physician. Dr. able features found in "Sons" verand 30othercities in U. S. and Canada. Dodd tells inspiring stories of such pioneer missionaries as and "Good Earth." "The First Pennell of Afghanistan, McKean of Siam, Livingston and Sch- Wife" is an illuminating picweitzer in Africa and Shepard of Turkey. He describes the ture of Chinese home life. Ansacrificial service of these Christian physicians in their conflict other describes the failure of inwith witch doctors, deadly diseases, poverty, ignorance and terracial marriage. Four show the change from the old to the new order in China; then come four to paint scenes connected with the revolution and com- munist activities and four sad pictures of the sufferings caused JAPAN· CHINA· MANILA by floods. They are sad but sym- pathetic stories of the ChinesE.'.

Noone would gather from them ORlfnT that any Christian missionary had been to China, that hundreds .

of thousands of Chinese had CANADIAN PACIFIC learned to follow Christ or that the author was herself a mis- sionary.

Seal. The Witness of the China Obituary Notes Yale University and Chicago Theo-

Inland Miss,ion to the Faithfulness logical Seminary. He went to Africa of God. By Marshall Broomhall. Dr. Donald Fraser, the well known in 1890. After giving up mission work 12 mo. 173 pp. $1. China In- and greatly loved missionary of the in 1925 he served as pastor of land Mission. Philadelphia. 1933. Church of Scotland to British Central churches in America until he retired Africa, died in Scotland on August the in 1931. There is no more remarkable 20th. For thirty years he was misstory of God's guidance, protec- sionary in Livingstonia, Central Afri- *** tion, provision and blessing than ca, and later in administrative work that found in the records of connected with the Board of Foreign Miss Sybel G. Brown, honorably nearly seventy years of the Missions of the Scottish Presbyterian retired missionary of the Presby- China Inland Mission. God has Church. Few men in our day have terian Board, died in Los Angeles, set His seal on the work of His aroused more enthusiasm for the cause June 26. She was in India 21 years, servant Hudson Taylor and his of missions in Scotland and England. retiring in 1924, and was known as successors and they, in turn, set He was a forceful speaker and dealt the introducer of the Sloyd system of their seal upon the faithfulness with vital issues. The missionary call manual training into India. At her was a life passion and his deepest con- death she was 81 years old. Miss of God to fulfill his promises. cern was bringing the Gospel to those Brown was a graduate of Mount Mr. Broomhall recalls the strik- without it. He was a missionary with Holyoke College. ing and enheartening facts in the the broadest conception of missionary service, saying: "When Christ is pre- .. * * history of the mission – in its sented and received, the whole indifounding, its enlargement; in vidual and social life of the person Dr. Edwin W. Simpson, Presbythe calling of missionaries and will be affected." terian missionary at Islampur, India, died July 10 of peritonitis. He was the support of the work; in times *** born at New Castle, Pa., in 1880, and of war and persecution, of de- went to India in 1902 after graduapression and temptation; in the William Revell 'Moody, the son of tion from Union Seminary at Richwinning and training of converts the famous evangelist Dwight L. mond. He was engaged in evangelistic and in guiding the great work Moody and for thirty years the. presi- and educational work at Islampur, dent of the Northfield Schools and di- Sangli and Kohlapur. with over 1,000 missionaries in rector of the Northfield Conferences, died at his home in East Northfield, *** the largest.and the most difficult Mass., on October 12th at the age of mission field in the world. The 64. Dr. Moody did a remarkable work, The Rt. Rev. Ludwig H. Ihmels, personal testimonies show clear- carrying out the bequest of his father D.D.. Th.D., Bishop of Saxony, died ly God's ability and readiness to in the Northfield work. For nearly suddenly on June 18, at the age of protect, provide and guide. It thirty years he was also editor of the seventy-four. would be well if every mission- Record of Christian Work, and was ary candidate and those on the the author of two biographies of When the churches of Germany re- Dwight L. Moody. As the presiding organized in the post-war period, Dr. field would read this record. It genius of the conferences and schools Ihmels was elected bishop. He was will strengthen and enrich faith. he has made a remarkable contribu- an educator and theologian, having tion to the educational and spiritual been director of a theological sem- progress of America and the influence inary, then teacher in Loccum Con- has extended all over the world. vent, finally professor of systematic theology in the Univer.sity of Leipzig. Printin *** In 1908 he was elected president of the United Evangelical Lutheran When You Require It Dr. Yoshiasu Hiraiwa, Bishop of Conference of Germany. Bishop the Japan Methodist Church from Ihmels was greatly interested in the We wish to extend to you an invi- 1912 to 1919, died in Tokyo, July 26th. cause of missions and his son, Dr. tation to become acquainted with Dr. Hiraiwa visited America several Carl Ihmels, is the present director THE EVANGELICAL PRESS of times. During one of these visits he of the Leipzig Society. Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. was honored in Washington by being invited to open the Senate of the Unit- 1,180,000 Bibles Placed by Thousands of institutions and individ- ed States with prayer. He was a tireuals have accepted a similar invitation, less worker and had been prominent THE GIDEONS and have 'enjoyed a profitable printing in evangelistic and educational work association for years. of Japan Methodism for over forty in Hotel Bedrooms for the years. Our specialty is Books, Magazines and o Benefit of Those Who Travel Booklets. We have modern equipment *** You are invited to have a part in this to meet all the requirements of your important work bv sending a contribu.. particular job. Our service is quick, Mr. Manly R. Hubbs, for many tion to the Bible Fund. $1.00 will place careful and courteous. years a warm friend and supporter of a Bible. THE REVIEW, and one of the original Why not allow us to estimate on your stockholders, died at his home in Eligibility for Membership next printing ? You will be delighted Huntington, L. 1., on September 11th with our product, price, and service. after a prolonged illness, in his eighty- The field of the work having now sur- sixth year. Mr. Hubbs was a man of rounded the globe, has caused the open- The Evangelical Press beautiful Christian character, whose ing of membership to Printers of influence and Christlike philanthro- All Christian Business Men pies were very widely extended but The Missionary Review of the World THE GIDEON MAGAZINE. $1.00 per never advertised. year. Write for particulars to PLANT AND MAIN OFFICE: *** THE GIDEONS Third and Reily Streets Harrisburg, Pa. . The Rev. Charles N. Ransom, for The Christian Commercial Travelers' nearly thirty-six years a missionary Association of America, International i in South Africa under the auspices of 202 So. State Street Chicago, lllinoi. the American Board of Commission- ers for Foreign Missions, died sud- denly Sept. 11th at Auburndale, Mass.

Mr. Ransom was a native of Col- chester, Conn., and a graduate of 568

Books Reminiscences of Seventy Years-The Sunday

Autobiography of a Japanese Pas- The Independent Arab. Maj. Sir Hu- tor. Hiromichi Kozaki. Translated Supplies bert Young. 344 pp 15s. John by Nariaki Kozaki. 406 pp. $2. Murray. London. Kyo Bun Kwan. Tokyo. S()ulld splilluu/ The Muslim Creed-Its GEnesis and The Chinese Church in Action. John ~1I$oF/IIe Historical Development. A.•T. Wen- Foster. 144 pp. 28. Edinburgh sinck. 304 pp. 158. Cambridge House Press. Edinburgh. 11'~lnol~~~~OCh~~.SWIu/lnfI~kmrKAoWliK~Iulim/I~s University Press. Voodoos and Obeahs-Phases of 1ite (or Bogadi-A Study of the Marriage West India Witchcraft. Joseph J. Laws and Customs of the Bechuana Williams, 257 pp. $3. Dial Press. and Tribes of South Africa. A. E. Jen- New York. nings. 82 pp. 18. L. M. S. London. China-So P. G. Handbook Series. U. Jewish Views on Jewish Missions. K. Shebbeare. 105 pp. lB. S. P. G. From Pacific to Atlantic-South 62 pp. 6d. Jewish Religious Union. London. American Studies. Kenneth G. London. Grubb. Illus. 255 pp. lOs. 6d. The Epistle to the Ephesians. Chas. Methuen. London. Blazing Trails in Bantuland. Dugald R. Erdman. 130 pp. $1.00. West- Campbell. 228 pp. 38 6d. Picker- minster Press. Phila. Life in Lesu (New Ireland)-The ing and Inglis. London. Study of a Melanesian Society in Gospel Sword Thrusts. Mark A. Mat- New Ireland. Hortense Powder- Borneo-S. P. G. Handbook Series. thews. 156 pp. 18. Pickering & maker. Illus. 352 pp. 15s. Wil- L. E. Curry. 96 pp. 18. S. P. G. Inglis. liams & Norgate. London. London. Chinese Rhymes for Children. Ed. by A Classified Index to the Chinese Lit- How Chinese Families Live in Peip- Isaac Taylor Headland. Illus. 156 erature of the Protestant Christian ing. lIlus. Sidney D. Gamble. 348 pp. $2. Revell. New York. Churches in China. 260 pp. Gratis. pp. $3.00. Funk & Wagnalls. New $1.00 per copy asked towards ex- York. The Christian Experience of Life- penses. Kwang Hsueh Pub. House. Joseph Cook Lectures in the Orient, Shanghai. China Year Book-1933. Ed. by H. 1931-2. J. Harry Cotton. 160 pp. G. W. Woodhead. 786 pp. $12.50. $1.50. Revell. New York. PopUlation and Education in Papua. University of Chicago Press. F. E. Williams. 67 pp. Government Christian Activities Among American Printer. Port Moresby, New The KeswickConvention-1933. 275 Indians. Geo. W. Hinman. 32 pp. Guinea. pp. 28. 6d. paper; 48. cloth. Pick- Society for Propagating the Gospel ering & Inglis. London. Among the Indians and Others in Agricultural Missions – A Study the U. S. Based Upon the Experience of 236 A Threatened Hospital in China. Missionaries and Other Rural Mary Moline. 20 pp. 3d. S. P. G. Workers. Arthur L. Carson. 111 London. pp. Agricultural Missions Founda- tion. 1933. Tristan da Cunha-The Isle of Lone- liness. A. G. Partridge. 24 pp. 3d. S. P. G. London.

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Third and Reily Sts. THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD

The Missionary Review of the World — September 1932

1932

A New Day in Old Persia Wm. N. Wysham Attempting the Impossible in Japan William Axling Leaves from an Oriental Diary Mary E. Moore Today in the New Hebrides Fred Bowie At Herrnhut–Two Centuries After Samuel M. Zwemer

time . .. to Dates to Remember been prominent in the section of poli-

tics relating to physical, moral and JAPAN • CHINA September 17-20-Bi-Annual Conven- mental development of women and tion, Evangelical B rot her h 0 0 d, children. and MANILA Evangelical Synod, St. Louis, Mo. *** Just 10 days to Yokohama! 4 September 28, 29-Committee of Refmore to Shanghai! If you take erence and Counsel, Foreign Mis- Gen. Chang Chin-Kiang has become Empress of Asia or Empress of sions Conference, New York, N. Y. a life member of the American Bible Russia, largest and fastest liners Society, the first Chinese to be placed on the Dire"t Express route ••• October I-Young People's Congress, on that roll. One of his chaplains straight across from Vancouver. Woman's Missionary Society, United gives this testimony: Lutheran Church, Baltimore, Md. If you want to go via Honolulu "In all these years I have never and still do it in record time ..• October 11-16-International Conven- known a single day when my chief then go on Empress ofJapan (the tion of the Disciples of Christ, In- did not find time for studying his Bi- Pacific's largest, fastest liner) or dianapolis, Ind. ble. Always, whether in camp or on on the huge, swift Empress of those long marches across Mongolia, Canada. Yokohama in only 13 October 12-22-Convention of the he gave his devotional life this daily days .•. including a Honolulu United L u the ran Church in food. Always there was pitched the visit! San Francisco and Los America, Philadelphia, Pa. prayer tent or, if we were housed in Angeles sailings connect with a temple, I have known him to lead these "Empresses" at Honolulu. October 18-24-Five Years Meeting his troops in worship in the courtyard of the Society of Friends, Richmond, before a gallery of idols. He believes On all "Empresses," a sumptu- Indiana. in searching the Scriptures." ous First Class … an unusually spacious, comfortable, well-ser- October 19 and 20-New York City. * ** viced Tourist Class. And the cost The annual meeting of The Ameris correspondingly lower! ican Mission to Lepers. Speakers Dr. iUOert Schweitzer of Africa, re- will include Dr. Sam Higginbottom, cently visited England and received All .. Empress" sailings from of India, and Dr. W. C. Terrill, of an honorary D. D. at Oxford. The Vancouver (trains direct to ship- Africa. A program of the meet- public orator of the university deside) and Victoria. Fares include ing can be 0 btained from The clared him to be eminent alike in passage from Seattle. American Mission to Lepers, 156 theology, philosophy, music and medi- Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y. cine. Dr. Schweitzer plans to return Fastest by Direc-t Express to Africa at the end of the year. October 23-25-Biennial Convention, Empress of Russia •.• Sept. 10, Nov.,S Woman's Mis s ion a r y Society, *** Empress of Asia ……. Oct. 8, Dec. 3 United Lutheran Church, Baltimore, Md. The Rev. and Mrs. E. E. Calverley Fastest via Honolulu of the Arabian Mission of the Re- November 10-12-World Alliance for formed Church in America, identified Empress ofJapan … Sept. 24, Nov. 19 International Friendship through with both medical and evangelistic Empress of Canada … Oct. 22, Dec. 17 the Churches, New York. work in Kuwait, have recently re- signed as missionaries and Dr. Cal- Information, reservations, from November 25-28-Africa Conference, verley has been made a professor in your own agent, or Canadian Pa- Hartford, Conn. the Hartford School of Missions. cific offices in New York, Philadelphia, Chicago, Montreal, and November 29-December 2-Interde- *** 31 other cities in U.S.and Canada. nominational Conference on the City and the Church in the Present Dr. O. R. Avison, President of Se- CANADIAN Crisis, Chicago, Ill. verance Union Medical School, Seoul, Korea; also President of Chosen PACIFIC Personal Items Christian College, has been decorated by the Emperor of Japan with "The • Dr. Sam Higginbottom, Principal of Order of the Sacred Treasure, Fourth Allahabad Agricultural Institute, is in Class." America on furlough. Recent action has consolidated the Institute 'with *** Ewing Christian College. Dr. Caleb Frank Gates, of Robert *** College, and Arabic scholar, and a leading member of the American com- The Rev. W. Reginald Wheeler, munity in Istanbul, left Turkey on from 1916 to 1921 a missionary in June 20th, after fifty-one years of China of the Presbyterian Church, U. arduous service. S. A., and for the past ten years an associate secretary of the Board in In 1881 he arrived at Mardin where charge of West Africa and Latin he spent thirteen years as a mission- American fields, has recently resigned ary of the American Board. He went this latter position to return to China to Harput College until 1902, going as a missionary, with his wife and through the Armenian massacre three sons. Mr. Wheeler was former- when he was compelled to abandon ly located in Hangchow, Chekiang, for his house. Dr. Gates became presi- three years and now is to join the dent of Robert College in 1903 and staff of Nanking University to teach made it the most important seat of English and to make evangelistic con- learning in Turkey. tacts with the students. Dr. John A. Mackay, formerly of South America, *** will take up Mr. Wheeler's work on the Board. Dr. Robert R. Moton has been awarded the 1931 Spingarn Medal. *** This is an annual award given by the National Association for the Ad'l1ance- Dr. Daw Saw Sa, of Rangoon, grad- ment of Colored People to the Negro uate of Judson College, has been made who makes the greatest contribution a member of the Rangoon Corpora- to the race during the year. tion, the first Burmese woman to sit on a legislative council. She has long *** The Rev. Arthur E. Harper of Moga, India, has received the degree of Doctor of Education from the Col- lege of Colorado. Dr. and Mrs.Harp- er are just completing their furlough year, during which they have visited many churches in the homeland.

"THE THE MISSIONARY REVIEW

GREATEST CHALLENGE TO NON-CHRISTIANS" THE WORLD IS WHAT GANDHI SAID DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor OF THE WORK OF THE MISSION TO LEPERS Vol. LV HEPT~;MBER, 1932 Xo. J Church groups and other organizations will ——-~——- find liThe New Day of Hope For Lepersll an FRONTISPIECE – THE OLD AND THE NEW IN attractive topic for discussion. THE NEW HEBRIDES September is the time for planning the season's program. Are TOPICS OF THE TIMES .. 467 you including the work for lepers in your meeting plans? Deductions from Deficits AMERICAN MISSION TO LEPERS Spiritual Awakenings in China A Forward Program in Korea 156 Fifth Avenue, Room 1118M, New York Communism in Chile Pledse send d sdmpie set of literdture, including Progrdm for Leper Mission- A Moral Revolt in Brazil dry Meeting, PldYs, Stories, Tdlks, etc. Siam Turns Over a New Leaf NAME ………………………..• ·············•·•···· …..•…..•…..•…… ADDRESS …………………………………………………………….. . A NEW DAY IN OLD CITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . STATE .•………….•.•…• PERSIA …………… 471 SOCIETY OR CHURCH ………………………………………………… .. Wm. N. Wysham of Teheran Editorial Chat Among the valuable articles prom- ATTEMPTING THE IM- ised for this number of the REVIEW POSSIBLE IN JAPAN .. 475 DO NOT MISS THIS ON ANY are the following: William Axling of Tokyo ACCOUNT! COME WITH ME TO CHINA LEAVES FROM AN ORI- THE OCTOBER NUMBER will be o. E. Goddard ENTAL DIARy …….. 477 largely devoted to China-a most im- Mary E. Moore of New York portant subject and the Foreign Mis- CHRISTIANS IN THE CHINESE sion study topic for the coming year. CRISIS A KOREAN AT PRAYER. 479 Walter C. Erdman of Pyengyang *** By Frank Rawlinson of Shangha! TODAY IN THE NEW WHAT OTHERS THINK SOME ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE HEBRIDES ………… 481 CHINESE Fred Bowie of Tangoa "The REVIEW is getting better all the time. The March and April num- Kenneth S. Latourette AT HERRNHUT-TWO bers are wonderful!" OVERCOMING DIFFICULTIES CENTURIES AFTER… 485 THOMAS WEIR, Salt Lake City, Utah. IN CHINA Samuel M. Zwemer of Princeton *** 'Vm. H. Gieysteen of Peiping HOW THE CHINESE WORSHIP ERASMO BRAGA OF "The REVIEW is more suggestive James L. Stewart of Chengtu BRAZIL …………… 491 and valuable than ever before. I prize WHAT CHINESE ARE DOING W. Reginald Wheeler of Nanking it for its information and helpfulness for myself and for missionary gather- FOR CHINA EFFECTIVE WAY S OF ings." Mary F. Parmenter of Shanghai WORKING ………… 495 ELIZABETH P. WHITING, Wilbraham, RECENT PROGRESS IN CHINA Edited by Mrs. Estella S. Aitchison Charles L. Boynton of Shanghai Mass. TESTIMONIES OF CHINESE WOMEN'S HOME MIS- SION BULLETIN…… 499 CHRISTIANS Edited by Miss Anne Seesholtz P. c. Hsu and others OUR WORLD OUTLOOK. 501 OUR MISSIONARY BOOK- SHELF …….•……. 511 Puhlication Office 40 S. Meridian St., Indianapolis, Indiana Editorial and Business Office 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City Entered as second-class matter at Post-Office, Indianapolis, Ind., under Act of March 3, 1879.

25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year Foreign Postage 50 cents a year Puhlished monthly-All rights reserved Copyrighted 1932 by the MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- LISHING CO., INC. BOARD OF DIRECTORS ROBERT E. SPEER, President WM. r. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer DELAVAN L. PrIfusON, Secretary SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD WM. B. LIPPHARD ERIC M. NORTH MILTON J. STAUFFER A. L. WARNSHUlS SAlIUEL M. ZWEMER

HEATHEN WOMEN OF ESPIRITU SANTO. NEW HEBRIDES

A GROUP OF CHRISTIAN STUDENTS IN THE NEW HEBRIDES THE OLD AND THE NEW IN THE NEW HEBRIDES (See page 481) REVIE ORLD VOLUME LV AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER NINE SEPTEMBER, 1932 Topics of the Times DEDUCTIONS FROM DEFICITS the work. The crisis leads us to look to God more American, British and European missionary intently for wisdom and supplies: Larger insocieties are sharing in the experience of drastic comes have at times led to unnecessary and uncuts that have become necessary on account of wise expenditures for elaborate equipment and mounting deficits. The boards, as a rule, have la:ge executive salaries which are out of keeping faced the situation courageously. The Presbyte- WIth the spirit of sacrificial missionary work. rian Church of Scotland reported a deficit of $125,- The amount given by the churches to missions 000 on the Foreign Mission budget. Rather than has never been adequate to meet the requireundertake to abridge the work the missionaries ments of the work at home and abroad but there requested a salary cut, but effort will be made to has been wide difference of opinion as to how the avoid this by "Christianizing" congregations money may be expended most wisely. Now miswhich give little or nothing to evangelize the sion boards are obliged to retrench in one or more of the following ways: (1) to cut executive salworld. aries at home from 10% to 331/3%; (2) to re- In America the Presbyterian Board of National duce missionary salaries from 5% to 25%; (3) to Missions has cut executive salaries from 10% to reduce budgets for new buildings, native workers 25%, has reduced the staff and has reorganized institutions and advance work on the field; (4)' the five divisions and nine departments of the to cut budgets for promotion and other items at Board into two departments-one of "Missionary home; (5) to place larger responsibility for self- Operation" and the other "Missionary Support." support on the churches in the field; (6) to re- They have cut their total budget $466,000 below duce the number of missionaries and native worklast year. All but $80,000 of this cut will fall on ers; (7) to decrease or omit appropriations for the field. It will be difficult to prevent a great and union and cooperative work at home and abroad. vital loss to the spiritual side of the work under this new adjustment. Some of these retrenchments have been drastic and will bring real suffering to individuals and The Methodist Episcopal Christian Advocate loss to the work-at least temporarily. It will asks "Must we throw the missionaries to the be difficult, but it may be a blessing for high salwolves?" Their small salaries are being cut 25% aried executives to adjust their living more nearly for the next four months and 50 % for appropria- to a missionary basis. A part of the salary re- tions for their native workers. Salaries of execu- duction is met by reduced cost of living at home tives at home. are reduced from 10% to 30%, on and by favorable exchange abroad. Some mistop of a prevIOUS 10% cut. The Board's income sionary institutions have been conducted on a has fallen 37% ($341,288) for the first seven scale too much above the standards of the people months of the year and there is already a debt of that they serve, though far below the standards $630,000. Will the great Methodist Church rise at home. The reduction in home office expense to meet the need or will a further cut be neces- may arouse the Church to undertake larger volunsary? teer service. It would be a blessing if less execu- Most o~ the other denominational boards and tive effort were required to awaken sleeping passome independent missions face a similar situa- tors and congregations to respond to need. It will tion but are facing it courageously -not running be of great advantage if churches on the field are away from it. . led to self-support and self-government. Much In some respects this need to revise budgets will be learned if mission boards will deterrnine downward may not mean disaster or detriment to to avoid accumulating debts.

[467 ]

But the tragedy of the cuts is experienced 1arge number were saved, and many were revived where missionaries have children to educate, and empowered for service. The villagers came where trained native Christian workers are re- running to ask, 'What's the matter, is this a fuleased and have no other means of support, and neral ?' where greatly needed evangelistic and medical work must be closed, withdrawing the efforts to "'Yes,' said the leader, 'we are burying folks relieve a suffering and sin burdened people who who have been dead in sin for many years.' were just beginning to appreciate the offer of life from Christ. There is enough money, there are "What happened in this church is taking place enough workers, there are sufficient supplies in in other Pingtu churches too. God is pouring out the Church at home; there is abundant truth and His Spirit; souls are being born again and others life in Christ to supply every need. Will God's quickened. Yesterday an evangelist came from stewards who have been entrusted with material the East to tell us of a wonderful awakening in and spiritual wealth fail to share their blessings one of our struggling churches." with others in dire need? It would be well to establish an "In-as-much Fund" in the churches at M. Gardner Tewksbury, of the Presbyterian home and in other lands. Mission,. who does evangelistic work among stu- dents, conducted a very successful series of meet- SPIRITUAL AWAKENING IN CHINA ings in Weihsien. "Through personal interviews and two classes a day, all hearts were touched. Rays of light shine through the gloom in Asia The revival is spreading all over Shantung provto brighten the disturbing darkness and distress. ince, and has brought new life to the Christian There are many evidences of spiritual awakenings Church such as has never been before." The blessin the midst of economic and political depression. ing is not confined to the Chinese alone, but India, Burma, Siam, Korea, Japan, China and extends to missionaries. Persia all report new signs of spiritual life and keener interest in Christ and His Gospel. From The Rev. C. L. Culpepper, of Hwanghsien, Shantung, China, Dr. T. B. Ray, secretary of the Shantung, gives another picture of the revival Mission Board of the Southern Baptist Conven- now in progress in that section of the great Retion, reports that for months there has been going public. He says: forward a Christian awakening in which many have been genuinely converted. The movement is "Wonderful things have been happening during growing in power among American Baptists and these past few months. I have never heard such other denominations. earnest prayer for God to reveal to each and every one his sins from the President of China on down A Southern Baptist missionary, the Rev. W. B. to the very humblest beggar. Our people seem to Glass of Hwanghsien, writes as follows: have forgotten everything else but making things right with God. Literally hundreds of people had "There has never been so much deep, genuine been saved in the villages. Prayer meetings are spiritual interest in the churches as now. This held every morning and night and the church is not true of all the people in any of the churches, building will not hold them, so they meet both in but it is undoubtedly true of more than ever be- the church and school buildings. It would take fore. your breath to see how they are going everywhere preaching the Gospel. You keep thinking of the "I had a fear that it was going to develop into Acts of the Apostles. a 'wild fire' movement, accompanied by excesses, but it has been gratifying to note a deep spiritual "What has happened at Pingtu has happened yearning, and the willingness to go anywhere, or at- almost everyone of our stations. Tsining has pay any price to satisfy that longing. Rich bless- had a wonderful revival. Tsinan has had one ' ings have been received by churches on the Ping- continuous revival and fifty or more students tu field. have been saved in the Shantung Christian Uni- versity. Many have been baptized. "In Hwanghsien about ninety people are preparing for baptism and there is a class of instruc- "A great sweeping revival began in Laiyang tion at the city church for all outside the schools. and spread to Laichow. Early morning prayer The parents of some are so bitterly opposed- that meeting would run to nine or ten o'clock and then it is impossible for them to be baptized. The we would have a recess and the meeting would go spirit of revival continues and people everywhere until nine or ten at night, with an hour of rest iJ). seem anxious to hear. We have a new church, the afternoon. No one was preaching or leading, <: full of the Holy Spirit and are rejoicing in but the Holy Spirit. Heavenly fellowship." "It seems that the Lord is going to fill our Mrs. Grace Boyd Sears, Of Pingtu, writes: school full to over-flowing with God-called preach- "Last week God's Holy Spi~it came in power, a ers. Pray that God wiII keep us humble and usable. The field is so great and the multiplied

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

millions all around us do not know. Only the Lord COMMUNISM IN CHILE Himself can save China now." Argentine, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay, Bolivia, A FORWARD PROGRAM IN KOREA Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Cuba and Nicaragua The Methodist and Presbyterian Churches of have all been in political turmoil during the past Korea are not satisfied with having each individ- few months. The picture of Europe and Asia on ual congregation work only for the people of its the verge of disaster from war, war debts and own~district, but year by year plan a nation-wide economic and social unrest has apparently had campaign to make the whole nation Gospel little restraining influences on the Latin Ameri- can mind. Chile has had several almost bloodless conscio.us, even if not wholly Christian. Last year the Presbyterian movement began revolutions in quick succession. The government with th:ree days of consecration meetings in every has changed hands many times and is now in conone of the 22 presbyteries. All salaried workers trol of the socialists. The people are weary of the in the district, and as many others as could come, dominance of landed proprietors and of military gathered for daylight prayer meetings each day, dictatorship. and other meetings at 10 A. M., 3 P. M. and in the The most astonishing revolution occurred on evening. Missionaries write of wonderful bless- June 4th when a self-appointed "Messiah" seized ing. The leaders scattered to their churches and control of the government. While President Monrepeated the three days in everyone of the 2,600 tero and his cabinet were quietly working they churches of the country where they could arrange were surprised and overpowered by a detachment it. Revivals began all over the country and nearly of the garrison, headed by officers under Colonel every church has had at least one period a week Marmaduke Grove, Minister of War. He exwith grea~ numbers of. Christians revived and plained his revolt by declaring that the entire Renew converts brought in. Churches are now public considered its president wholly incompecrowded, and new ones are being built every- tent and that a Revolutionary committee would where.. In Pyengyang 1,500 women gathered in a take charge of the affairs of the nation in order great Bible class in March, and 1,000 men in J an- to make it a socialistic republic. A missionary writes: uary. This program has included an effort to get every "The Revolutionary committee outlined its 'prochurch attendant to read through the New Testa- gram of reform and published extensive maniment. A large calendar was printed bearing the festoes. Col. Grove gave an address in which the Scripture references for each day so that all might most arresting passage made his hearers gasp in read the same verses the same day. Fifty thou- astonishment. He said: sand of those calendars are in use this year and When we shall have realized the golden dream of Simon 50,000 families reading the New Testament Bolivar everyone will be compelled to admit that we were through. The Korea Mission Field reports: not actuated by motives of personal gain. Two thousand years before our time, Jesus Christ adopted our ideas, "This year the campaign begins with six promising better living conditions to those whom fortune Wednesday prayer meetings and a brief course in had disinherited. This better life was to be enjoyed in personal soul winning. Before Christmas a small another world. We, more humane and diligent than Jesus booklet of the Life of Christ will be distributed. Christ, offer to the proletariat a better life in this world.

Christians will be asked to take these and give "Within the succeeding four days another se- one each to every non-Christian friend in their cret conspiracy was framed among the regiments villages. The booklet gives in Bible language the in Santiago and on June 16th the presidential pal- essentials of Christ's activities and His Gospel. ace was surrounded by tanks and machine-gun Four hundred thousand are already provided for batteries and the messianic career of Col. Grove and it is hoped that there will be at least a million came to a dramatic end.

'published. Each presbytery is now raising money "Despite the fate of the bold atheist who spon- to supplement the fund. After Christmas, when sored the revolt, the socialist movement seems fatmers are more free, hundreds of preaching firmly embedded in public opinion. Chile is fol- bands of three or four each (men or women) will lowing the lead of Spain and Mexico into state will be organized and go from house to house to socialism. Unfortunately, she has not the pre- preach. A new feature of their work be an pared leadership but she is ready to take the risks effort to sell Gospels to all those who received the involved in the trial and error method."

little booklet free, but the effort for decisions for Between 1810 and 1925, Chile was governed by Christ will be the main thing, and the mission- an oligarchy of wealthy land-owners and distin- aries hope for a great ingathering. The plan is gUished lawyers. In 1925 President Alessandri to try to touch every house in the remotest village was elected' by the middle classes who had grad- with some of the million booklets." ually achieved political aggressiveness. The adop-

tion of a number of laws favored the working The American Methodist Church is also strong classes. He was followed by the military dictator, and growing.

General Ibanez who mortgaged the patrimony of But unfortunately some of the evil influences his people and left them in "misery, anarchy and that are undermining the nation come from North the shadow of death." Then followed the world America and Europe in the form of atheism, and crisis, the collapse of nitrate and copper as ex- immoral literature and films. The Brazilian Bap- ports, general bankruptcy and unemployment. tist Convention recently passed strong resolu- More than a hundred thousand bread-winners tions calling on President Hoover and the Ameri- were suddenly bereft of their means of livelihood. can Congress to take steps to stop the flow of de- Dr. J. H. McLean, a Presbyterian missionary grading motion pictures from North America.

in Santiago, writes: ,The resolution says in part: "The elemental hunger of mankind is two-fold. WHEREAS, criminal and immoral pictures give a dis- Men clamor for brotherhood quite as insistently torted conception of American life that result in prejuas they do for bread but they will never find it dice and anti-American sentiment, hurtful ~o this great until they turn Godward through Christ and His Republic, therefore be it resolved, that we petition the Gospel. The frenzied mobs have tried to burn Government of the United States to forbid the exportadown several metropolitan temples because they tion of such harmful pictures to this country. have imagined that the organized church was allied with their enemies. The best sentiment in Turkey, Japan, China and other non-Christian lands has shown the same "No violence has been offered to evangelical reaction toward these degrading films-many of Christian churches, schools or dispensaries. Every which are exhibited in America without arousing pastor and congregation is endeavoring to feed serious and widespread protest.

the hungry, clothe the naked, succour the unfMtu- SIAM TURNS OVER A NEW LEAF nate and care for the sick. Our work is conducted under distressing circumstances yet it has ac- Soon nothing of the old regime will be left in quired a new sanctity since it grapples with pain, Asia. Only a few years ago all who approached poverty and anguish of soul. The divine mission the King and Queen of Siam were obliged to do of our Messiah is that of binding up the broken- so on hands and knees or with the peculiar crouch- hearted and proclaiming the year of jubilee. ing stride that betokens inferiority. The monarch "A moderate socialist government would bring was reverenced almost as a god. On June 24 of relief to many victims of neglect but the present this year the only remaining absolute monarchy effort is false in motive and weak in moral pur- in Asia was suddenly overthrown, King Prajadhi- pose. The constraining love of Christ is not the pok and his queen were made prisoners and a con- popular urge in those who repudiate His claims stitutional monarchy was set up. The King, abso- and reject His aid. So the evangelical churches lute ruler over 11,500,000 people, who was edu- in Chile redouble their efforts. Multitudes who cated in England and had recently returned from ought to turn to Christ have gone off after com- America, accepted the new regime and was re- munism. Occasional volcanic eruptions remind tained as a constitutional monarch. The "rule of us that there is no absolute stability save in Him the princes" has been eliminated and there will who is the same yesterday, today and forever be an earnest effort to .lighten the tax burdens of more. We cannot do our full share of His com- the people, giving them a voice'in the government.

mission without the partnership of intercessors; King Prajadhipok, who is thirty-nine years of surely the Church at home will pray for Chile." age and came to the throne in 1926, is the seventh A,MORAL REVOLT IN BRAZIL ruler of the Chakri dynasty which has been in power for 150 years. He is a Buddhist and is Revolutions have also gripped the largest re- known as an enlightened scholar, interested in the public in Latin America, where the revolutionary welfare of his people and sympathetic with the and federal forces are still striving for mastery. philanthropic work of Christian missions. He or- There is more hope for progress from the moral ganized Siamese Boy Scouts and has promoted revolt led by evangeliealChristians against ig- public health, education and athletics.

norance, vice and other degrading influences that Evangelical missionary work in Siam is almost are sapping the life of the nation. Many of the wholly in the hands of the American Presbyterian best influences come from North America through Church which has thirty American missionaries, the missionaries, teachers and Bible distribution. located in 10 stations, and a church membership The Presbyterian Church is strong, independent of over 9,000. Many Siamese officials have testi- and self-supporting; the American Baptist work fied as to the influence of Christianity in advanc- has just celebrated its fiftieth anniversary and ing educatioJ). and in promoting the general en- has.n9w nearly 500 churches and 45,000 members. lightenment of the Siamese.

A NeV Day In Old

..:( By the Rev. WM. N. WYSHAM, Teheran, Persia Missionary of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

PERHAPS no country in the world has ing matter, and, with their natural courtesy and changed so much in the last decade as has quickness of intellect, marvelously receptive of Persia. She has exchanged a worn-out old moral and spiritual truth as well as the best of dynasty for a new one, a spineless absentee king western science and material achievement.

for an energetic giant who constantly visits the Persia holds out a hospitable hand to Christi- far corners of his kingdom, helpless subservience anity along with all the other influences which to Russia and England for a proud independence are molding her future. Christian thought, Chris- characterized by the most up-to-date nationalism. tion education and Christian literature have an Camel and donkey caravans open door in that land today.

have given way to American These changes have had an trucks and touring cars, two- Tcohme e movirearcolene ooff tchheamngoest haans- amazing effect on the power foot trails have been replaced cient civilizations in the world. and influence of Islam in Per- This was influence1 by the by a network of roads to every sia. The Persians have been corner of the land, not yet as nearly 100 % Moslem for cen- smooth as American highways fanatical Moslems who have turies but theirs has been the but passable for motor trans- long fought against Christian Shiah division of Islam, al- port at good speeds; wide ave- teaching. Mr. Wysham tells ways different from the "or- nues have been driven straight the fascinating story of this thodox" Sunni branch, and . through all important cities change of mind which is also abounding in mysticism and where formerly there was a bringing about a change of in heresies of every conceiv- maze of twisting alleyways; heart. The story can not yet able type. Withal, the Persian Teheran, the capital, has been be fully told, but while some genius and temperament have largely rebuilt; a new army, are losing all religious faith, produced a large proportion of well equipped, has been created other Persians are coming to the greatest names in Moslem by the soldier Shah; bandits see in Christ the satisfaction history, and the sheer fanati- have gone out of business; new of their greatest needs. cism manifested annually at industries have been encour- the time of the so-called pas- aged. sion play in Moharram, the By royal command the costume of men has been month of mourning for Shiah martyrs, has per- completely changed and women have been permit- haps surpassed anything in the Moslem world.

ted to abandon the veil, more of them every day Until the last decade this fanaticism seemed un- all blossoming out in western costume. A new sys- abated, and Shiah religious leaders commanded tem of schools emphasizing science has driven out the absolute and unquestioning obedience of the centuries old drill in Arabic and dead sys- Persian Moslems, former Shahs making it a rule tems of thought. Thousands of men and boys to defer to them and to pay their respects to the have learned to read and even girls are now hav- great rnujtaheeds at their headquarters at Qom.

ing opportunities of education. The percentage The inrush of new ideas and influences ·from of literacy has mounted rapidly; ther~ is a re- the west in the last ten years has completely un- markable new freedom of thought and speech and dermined the Moslem stronghold in Persia. The a new interest in Persia's glorious history, litera- government, nominally Moslem, has become secu…

ture and art. lar in policy and, though it has deferred to reli- These changes have brought about a rocking gious leaders in some minor points, has never to the very foundations of the moral and religious hesitated to oppose them decidedly when the attitudes of the people. Many moral safeguards, progress of the Persian people seemed to be at such as they were, have been swept away, age-old stake. Thus, in instituting dress reforms, the gov- superstitions have vanished, and educated people ernment compelled all except a specified number have no longer any Tespect for old religious au- of rnollahs and rnujtaheeds, who had to pass a thority. As a whole the Persian people are eager special examination in theology, to adopt western for new ideas, ravenous for any up-to-date read- dress. Many of the legal powers were taken [471 ]

from those who remained and were turned over docile and blind followers of the mollahs, because to the governmental Ministry of Justice. These of their ignorance and superstition, have caught changes alone have enormously reduced the power a new spirit as a result of recent changes. One of the Moslem leaders; their prestige also suf- Persian traveler who knows the myriad villages fered severely when, in spite of their vigorous of his country intimately has told me that the opposition and outraged protests, tacit permis- universal donning of the Pahlevi hat has brought sion was given by the government for Moslem about a remarkable open-mindedness and toler- women to remove their veils and when far-reach- ance among men in the most remote rural dis- ing reforms in the marriage and divorce laws tricts. Since he now wears the same type of hat were introduced. as anyone else, including the King himself, the The apparent inability of the mollahs to rally Persian peasant feels that he has become a man any public opinion in their favor or to set on foot and he is eager for new ideas. The new roads any reaction to these changes shows how rapidly and quicker transport have made the country and completely the decay of Islam in Persia has smaller and unified. Such changes weaken fanat- progressed. The mollahs have become a laughing- icism, and the mollahs have been unable to arouse stock among intelligent Persians, who seem gen- any excitement. over what a decade ago would, erally to have abandoned the study of the Koran, have been considered unpardonable insults to the the daily prayers, the fast of Ramazan and the old religion.

great pilgrimages to Kerbela and Meshed. The A personal experience should make this vividly opinion is freely expressed that the legalistic ob- clear. As I entered Persia in the spring of 1921, servances of Islam are hopelessly out of date for I remember passing caravans carrying empty the new Persia and, while many educated Per- wooden coffins back to Kurdish villages, where sians call themselves Moslems, their adherence is wood was scarce. These were used again and purely nominal, and they are usually ready to con- again to transport the bodies of faithful Moslems demn the religious leaders as entirely reactionary more than a thousand miles to be buried in the and a menace to Persia's progress. holy ground around the sacred shrine at Meshed.

The New Nationalism For centuries, at the cost of much sacrifice and hardship, thousands of such departed pilgrims This same effect on the attitude of thinking from every nook and corner of Persia have found Persians as to Islam is brought about by the new their resting-place in the venerated shrine ceme- nationalism. They are proud of their new Shah's tery. In 1929 I stood outside the great shrine and energy and leadership and of the great 'efforts for watched Persian Moslem workmen shovel thou- progress which the national leaders have made. sands of the bones of the faithful out of the. way They are quick to criticise if they feel that ad- as they dug foundations for a new boulevard bi- vance steps are made too slowly. Everyone talks secting the city and replacing the narrow, crooked of the need of Persia to renew her glorious alleys of the past. The ancient cemetery was achievements of the past, and the Arabs are completely wrecked and yet, not only was there blamed for many of the ills of the country because no riot in formerly fanatical Meshed, but I never of their conquest of Persia in the seventh century. heard of a serious protest anywhere at this dese- One hears repeatedly that the Arabs burned the cration of one of Persian Islam's historic sacred ancient libraries of Persia, destroyed her monu- places.

ments and ruined her irrigation systems. Efforts When such things are possible in Persia, one are being made to reduce the number of Arabic cannot get away from the feeling that one is wit- words in the Persian language and to substitute nessing the collapse of one of the greatest and Latin characters for the Arabic, as has been done proudest of the world's religions.

in Turkey. The Persian nationalists believe that The Religious Changes the Arabs tried to superimpose an inferior cul- ture of the desert upon Persia's superior one and This astounding change in the religious situa- that, in so far as they succeeded, their influence tion in Persia opens up a long prayed-for oppor- was entirely harmful. Of course, Islam was all tunity for the Gospel of Jesus Christ; it also the "Arab culture" there was and, while the Per- means an opportunity for communism and of sian nationalist may not as yet openly say so, in this it is well to speak briefly first. Russia is the his heart he doubtless feels that' the religion of most easily accessible neighbor to Persia and Mohammed was the most far-reaching of all the there is naturally much intercourse of a commer- Arab influences which he is today so eager to con- cial and other nature. Ever since the War a large demn. number of White Russians have made their homes Even the peasants and other members of the in Persia, but in the past five years an influx of lower classes, who have been for centuries the Bolshevists has also occurred. These communists'

A NEW DAY IN OLD PERSIA

have been very zealous in propagating their ideas hopeless fanaticism and intolerance into the conand have scattered their literature all over the fidence and cordiality with which the messenger country, especially in the northern provinces. It of Christ is received nearly everywhere in Peris hard to say how much real success they have sia today. "Love melts what the hammer cannot had in winning over individuals in Persia to com- break."* munism, because Persians naturally fear the political menace of the colossus to the north and The waning of fanaticism showed itself first their whole history and background seem entirely in the increase of Moslem patients in the hospiout of harmony with communism's basic ideas. tals and pupils in the schools, until for many In short, Persians do not desire to become com- years the large majority in most of our institumunists, but the Russian preaching of atheism tions have been Moslems. Then here and there and the doctrine that "religion is an opiate of the brave souls dared to accept openly the Gospel mespeople" are dreadful pitfalls spread in the way sage, but for years the tiny churches passed of Persians today who are giving up their historic through great tribulation, not only of persecution allegiance to Islam and, sadly disillusioned, feel but of heart-sickening experiences with renegade themselves swept into the full current of modern Moslems who sought baptism for ulterior motives. life without any of their former moral and reli- It is only in the most recent years that little gious safeguards. bands of tried men and women in various centers have by their transformed lives scotched forever The final answer as to what progress. commu- that age-old lie that "a Moslem can never become nism will make in Persia depends upon Christi- a sincere Christian." With the greater freedom anity. The Gospel of Jesus Christ is for every and tolerance of the last decade, the stream of nation, but it seems peculiarly suited to this an- sincere inquirers has rapidly grown larger until cient people who, with racial background so simi- in one city in.1931 more Moslems confessed Christ lar to our own, have all the keenness of intellect, than in all the sixty years of missionary endeavor strength of imagination and artistic temperament there. The hospitals, and especially the schools, needed to flower out into a wonderful new era have not only held their prestige but have proved of their history if they have full access to the most effective centers of evangelistic effort, and a truth and beauty of the Gospel. Truly the soul most promising amount of Christian leadership of the Persian seems to be naturally Christian. for the new church of Persia is developing all over This was amply demonstrated by the rapid prog- the land. In addition, open evangelistic work of ress and heroic deeds of the church in Persia dur- a non-controversial nature is now possible, and ing the first six centuries of our era, and that last year a series of evangelistic meetings were would surely have been an outstanding church held in several cities wit./,Lamazing interest and today, had it not become a martyr church when results. In these meetings it proved wisest to the blight of Islam struck Persia. Ours is the ignore Islam entirely and to appeal to Persians responsibility to see to it that in this new day of as hungry souls weary of sin and ready to know freedom Christ is fully known there again, lest and accept a divine Saviour. atheism and crass materialism bring a deadlier blight in their wake. New Literature for Persia Fortunately the forces of the Gospel have for A clear illustration of the new receptiveness of decades been building up a prestige which com- the Persian people and their interest in the Gosmunism can never hope to overtake. It has been pel is found in the enormous increase in the disalmost a century since the first modern mission- tribution of Christian literature, particularly in aries began their work in Urumia and, although the past five years. A committee representing for many decades they seemed to make no impres- the two great missions at work in Persia has presion whatever on the wall of Islam, they were pared, in an attractive form, nearly a hundred succeeding far better than they dreamed. It is new titles of books and tracts, and these have only now that those of us at work in Persia ap- gone out to every nook and corner of Persia. They preciate the great achievements of our predeces- have been written to meet the needs of old~fash­ sors from America and England of bygone dec- ioned Moslems, of wandering souls without any ades. At a time when it was dangerous to life faith, and of Christians new and old, and they to speak a good word openly for Jesus Christ, are finding an eager perusal in a land where thouit was their Christian character, shining like sands of men and women have but recently bebeacons amid the darkness of Moslem morality, come literate. In 1931 more than a million pages their homes of beauty and peace bearing silent testimony to the power of the Lord Jesus, their • As I write this in the homeland, the cablegram comes of the sacrificial service in hospital and school, which decease of Rev. J. W. Hawkes of Hamada-n, after nearly fifty-two year after year gradually changed an apparently years of missionary service in Persia. He had personal recollections of the first missionaries to Persia, and one could thus picture in him the whole century of nlissionary work. all but the last decade or two seemingly without fruit among Moslems.

of this Christian literature was distributed and along with former Jews, Zoroastrians and Bahais, it is not only proving potent in bringing about mingle in full fellowship with Armenian and a new understanding of the Gospel and a willing- Assyrian Christians. The Persian church is an ness to receive it, but it is a blessing to the new eloquent testimony to the power of Christ to cast church and an ideal antidote to communism and out age-long racial and religious animosities.

all thepoiso~ of secularism in Persia today. Moslem converts are rapidly growing to outnum- Now that the natural courtesy and hospitality ber all others in these churches, and more than of the Persian temperament have been freed from one church is entirely composed of former Mos- the bondage of fanaticism by the new influences, lems. Therefore the great problem of providing there are many examples of the increasing esteem a home for Moslem converts within the church, in which Christianity is being held. Here again so acute in other Moslem lands where sporadic the faithful work of the earlier missionaries is converts are often ill at ease among those who bearing fruit. Slowly our religion has lived down have a Christian ancestry, has already been solved the evil reputation which it had gained through in the Persian church by the nature of the church the twisted ideas of Christianity found in the itself. Much of the leadership is also already in Koran and in Moslem traditions, and through the the hands of former Moslems, and as one takes lack of contact which Persian Moslems have had stock of the quality of the average congregation with true Christianity in the past. The consist- and notes the high level of intelligence and lead- ent lives of an increasing number of Moslem con- ership ability, especially among the young men, verts has greatly strengthened the examples of one has little fear for the self-support and self- the missionaries themselves. One of the earliest government of the Persian church. This was converts of all, once a fanatical Kurd, has for a strikingly evident in the all-Persia church confer- generation been a respected physician in Teheran, ence at Teheran in the summer of 1931, at which known far and wide as a consecrated Christian more than 200 delegates from 19 churches, a ma- eager to win others to Christ. Moslem women jority of whom were former Moslems, met for a have long formed 'his largest group of patients. week of inspiration and of planning the church's In many Persian cities former Moslem men and future. The" addresses and resolutions of the con- women have openly confessed Christ for years ference were characterized by a,deep devotion to and have gained the full confidence of Moslem a full-rounded Christianity and an appreciation friends by their integrity and thoroughly Chris- of the church's duty to bring all Persia to Christ.

tian point of view. Among Moslems, generally in The church in Persia, so new and so free from the more progressive cities, it has already become historic impediments to churches in other lands, a matter of slight comment when Moslems are has a unique opportunity to profit from mistakes baptized, and this new tolerance will eventually elsewhere and to blaze fresh trails' of Christian spread over the whole country. progress. "The missionary situation is ideal, with Some months ago the son of one of the leading the American Presbyterians and the Church Mis- mujtaheeds of Persia was converted while a stu- sionary Society of Englanrl the only two large dent in a mission institution. When friends missions at work. They Qlvide the field and work rushed to the father with the news, he amazed with each other and with two or three small socie- them by replying: ties in the utmost harmony and cooperation. The "What of it? Isn't Christianity a good reli- Persian Christians themselves are determined gion? I chose my religion and shall always re- that there shall be but one church in Persia, and main a Moslem. But this is the twentieth century are completely one in spirit now though content and my son is free to make his own choice." to leave the exact form of the organization of the Such an attitude is of course as yet exceptional, church until its fuller development. In the mean- but the trend of opinion is plain and the new tol- time, missionaries are endeavoring to avoid creat- erance and spirit of fairness are certain to be of ing all possible future obstacles to this great aim.

incalculable benefit to the progress of the Gospel There is now interchange of membership among in Persia-and to Persia herself. all the churches and a federation of the churches The New Church in Persia in certain general standards and in the beginnings of "home mission" work. Plans are under way Under such favorable conditions in the new for a form of joint ordination of the young men Persia, missionaries have recently made great who will compose the future ministry of the strides toward reaching the ultimate goal of all church, and it is hoped that a theological depart- successful mission work-the estd>lishing of the ment to be connected with the American College Church of Christ in that land. In many of the of Teheran can train candidates for ordination important cities of the land Christian churches for all Persia. Constant efforts are being maCe now flourish and III them converted Moslems, to let Persian Christians themselves govern their

ATTEMPTING THE IMPOSSIBLE IN JAPAN

own congregations as rapidly as they can do so, land some day, and church history may well charand unceasing stress is being laid on the ultimate acterize the present movement in Persia as the responsibility of each Persian Christian to be an beginning of the final victory of Christianity over evangelist to his own people and to the whole Mos- the one rival which has seemed until now to be lem world. Since the history of the spread of in- as impervious to the loving service of missionanumerable heretical sects of Islam marks the Per- ries as to the battering-rams of crusaders. Howsians as born propagandists, there is real hope ever that may be, the present triumph of the that with the "Good News" at last available for Gospel in what has been one of the most difficult them to pass on, they will reach this great ideal of all mission fields should give encouragement of every truly successful Christian church. and new hope to many troubled souls who have felt that Christianity has been failing to gain in If the church in Persia continues to fulfill its recent years, and brings vivid testimony from present rich promise, its influence On the whole still another quarter of the world to the truth of Moslem world should be immense. Already the a recent statement by a Chinese Christian college great cracks in the apparently impregnable Mos- president that "there is for the modern world only lem wall which have appeared in Persia are an one religion-Christianity." earnest of what is sure to occur in every Moslem Att.empting the Impossible In Japan I By the REV. WILLIAM AXLING, D. D., I "~I I Tokyo, Japan The Tokyo Misaki Tabernacle and the Fukayawa Christian L Center; author of the "Life of Kagawa"

T HE Christian forces engaged in the King- worn itself down' into a groove. In the face of dom of God Campaign in Japan have at- all this, the Christian forces in ninety cities and tempted to rally every Christian and every prefectures united in organizing District Commit- Church behind a united nation-wide movement tees for the purpose of planning and conducting and to create a spiritual solidarity among the campaigns. These committees have formed a net- Christian forces of the Empire. This is some- work of evangelistic units across the empire and thing new, not only in this land but in any land. most of them have conducted advance movements in their own localities. This is an effort to give the Message of Christ to every group and every class-30,000,000 farm- Complete statistics are not available but reports ers; 5,278,000 induStl'I-!1 and factory workers; indicate that during twelve months 1,278 meet- 597,000 fishing folk; 459,000 miners; 1,033,000 ings were held in 248 cities and towns; 712 employees in transportation services and the 1,- churches participated in these meetings ; the total 158,000 toilers engaged on public works. These attendance was 262,344, and 13,837 signed cards classes and masses have been left practically un- as inquirers. touched during the past seventy years of mission work in Japan. This Movement has also set out The Kingdom of God Weekly has leaped from to humanize and christianize the social and indus- an ardent hope, born in the heart and brain of trial order and make the Christ's Way of Life the Dr. Kagawa, to a weekly circulation of 30,000 standard in every relationship. This has never copies. At the rate of 1,600,000 copies a year been done in any land and which a large section everywhere it is hailed as one of the most effecof the Church of the West has never recognized tive evangelistic forces that has ever been released as a vital part of its program. in this Empire. A cl~rk in a Yokohama firm, out of his meagre salary, ordered 200 copies every The hope is to raise the number of Christians in week and distributed them among his fellow- Japan from 250,000 to a million, not in order to clerks and friends. Judge Mitsui, of the Tokyo glory in numerical strength but that a creative Juvenile Court, uses 70 copies a week among the force may fix the ideals and set the pace in every juvenile delinquents whom he is trying to lead out phase of the nation's life. into a new lifE!: The Reinanzaka Church, Tokyo, sells 200 copies every week among its members Nothing runs its roots down so deep as religious in order to give them a full-orbed vision of the nrejudice; nothing is harder to overcome than de- Kingdom task.. Other churches are doing the nominational isolation, especially when it has

same. The story of the growth of this paper is a Christian, insisted that they wanted a religious one of the romances connected with this move- message and the more Christian the better. At ment. the close of the message the local pastor asked that decision cards be distributed, and while he The campaign is making large use of three of made a ringing plea for decisions a good number Dr. Kagawa's books which are aflame with the of the audience signed cards as inquirers. evangelistic message: "New Life Through God," "Meditations About God" and "God and the Gos- The holding of a Christian evangelistic meeting, pel of Divine Love." The country is being sown closing with an appeal for decisions, in a governwith these silent but potent messengers which find ment primary school is something which never an entrance where no evangelist's or Christian's could have happened anywhere in Japan a few voice could be raised. years ago. It shows the turn of the anti-religious tide which has been running with such tremen- Five small books have been especially prepared dous force during the past fifty years among the for use in follow-up work with inquirers. More intellectuals and educational leaders of the emand more we are coming to realize that it is not only inexcusable neglect but a crime before God pire. to lead a hungry heart to take an initial stand Later, the writer was asked to help in a camfor Christ and fail to feed the flame of faith that has been kindled. paign in two churches in an industrial centre. Never during almost thirty years in Japan have I This campaign has made its influence felt far seen so many laboring men in a Christian church, beyond Christian circles. After Kagawa spoke in wearing their working garb marked with the em- Osaka, the Osaka Mainichi, an influential daily, blem of their trade. At the close, one-fifth of invited him to hold a series of Christian meetings those present responded to the invitation and under its auspices, promising to put its circula- signed cards as inquirers. In the other church tion of a million copies back of the meetings for the building was packed with young people from publicity purposes. a neighboring factory.

Not long ago the Chugai Nippo, an outstanding Communism threatens to capture some of the Buddhist daily paper in Kyoto, related to the best minds and the finest spirits among the stu- Shinshu sect of Buddhism, came out in a ringing dents and to entrench itself in industrial centres editorial saying that the Kingdom of God Cam- and among the peasants, but it is doing so largely paign was one of the best movements ever because the Christian Chnrch has failed to think launched in Japan. and speak and work in terms of the problems of our day. If the Christian Church will arouse it- Of special significance is the fact that last Oc- self and face the challenge it still has a chance to tober, in one of Kagawa's meetings in Kyoto, win out in this fierce fight for the soul of Japan. Nishida Tenko, a well known Buddhist priest signed a card indicating his purpose to accept the The Kingdom of God Campaign is no one-man Christian faith. During the past ten years Mr. campaign, but is a movement of the Christian Nishida, as a Japanese St. Francis, has attracted forces of the nation. Kagawa is its outstanding the attention of the whole nation. He himself has figure. He conducted a special effort in three of lived a life of poverty and has espoused the cause Japan's northern cities in which 1,800 people of the poor. He has organized a Mutual Help signed inquirer'S cards. Order, the members of which live a communal life. The doors of this Order are open to any- A Mass Conference for Laymen and Laywomone who is in trouble or in need, either spiritual en, held under the auspices of the Kingdom of or physical. The members of the Order agree to God Campaign at Nara, was the second in the render any kind of service at any time and in series of conferences which the movement put on any place, even of the most menial type and with- in different parts of the empire in order to mobilout any stipUlated remuneration. ize the laity and train them for aggressive and effective participation in the campaign. Communism is making tremendous inroads in student centres, as well as in the industrial areas The first conference, held in Tokyo for Central and among the peasant class. The doors, however, and Eastern Japan, was attended by a total of are not closed to the Christian message. The over 1,000 delegates representing every city and writer participated in a campaign in a rural town province within the area which this gathering where the local committee arranged to hold the tried to serve. The interest manifested, the conmeetings in the auditorium of the public primary tagious spiritual atmosphere which characterized school. When I expressed concern as to whether every session, the fine fellowship which marked my message, in which I expected to major on the the meetings and the high purpose to' carryon, evangelistic note, would be welcomed in such a which was expressed in every period given to displace I was told that the principal, although not cussion and prayer, caused this conference to stand out as one of unusual significance.

from an Oriental

..:( By MARY E. MOORE, New York Secretary of Young People's Work. Board of Foreign Missions, Presbyterian Church. U. S. A.

Tokyo, August 25, 1931 were much impressed with the large Sunday T ODAY I had a long talk with Gladys Walser. school in the West Gate Church where they It is hot and not particularly comfortable, have over 2,000 … We revelled in the dazzling but Mrs. Walser is waiting for the arrival whiteness of the Korean garb-probably due of Lindbergh, so heat is forgotten. She was tell- to much beating from little wooden ironing clubs ing me of her particular hobbies which are "cook- … We heard rumors of war from Manchuria.

ing" and "peace." . Drove down town and saw war posters every- "The one thing my mother taught me to do was where.

cook," said Mrs. Walser. "When Later~n the China Sea my sister and I graduated from college we were given a cook We returned to Seoul and took book, the entire charge of the a boat from Chemulpo to Chefoo.

kitchen and told to proceed." It was a Chinese boat, the Litung, Down in the Terajima district, and had six hundred Chinese on a most needy section of Tokyo board, fleeing from Korea due to where 39,000 people gave their persecution resulting from land lives in a fire during the time of troubles between Chinese and the great earthquake, a House of Koreans in Manchuria.

Hope (Kobokan) has been start- Peiping, China, October 7, 1931 ed. The women make hooked rugs and do other work. Mrs. Mrs. Leynse took us for a visit Walser has cooking classes to to three Christian homes. It is teach the Japanese women to use part of the work she loves to do- cheaper cereal and spinach in- this visiting! We visited the stead of so much polished rice and home of a very wealthy Chinese pickle. lady. There were many court- Princess Shirakawa has become yards as a part of her six hun- interested in these classes and dred room house, and off of one asked to have one started for the of the most beautiful inner gar- women of noble rank. Such a dens we were shown into a re- class now meets in her own home. ception room w her e tea was The members give liberally to A MISSIONARY AND KOREAN HOSiJ'- served and we talked about her help raise the budget of 600 yen ESS BESIDE SOME PICKLE JARS family. I shall never forget the for the Social Center. little rock garden and the thou- The Women's Peace Society of Japan, under the sands of gold fish. As we took our leave, two presidency of Michi Kawai, is an active organiza- little round boys wrapped in many layers of tion. Formerly the work of good will cultivation jackets, for it was a cold day, came in from school consisted largely in caring for tourists, but at the with their amah. When they saw us they drew suggestion of Mrs. Walser, peace literature and back in dismay, but were finally prevailed upon pageants have been introduced in the schools, es- to come forward and greet us. With boys like pecially at Christmas time. that growing up under a wise Christian mother, Pyengyang, Korea, September 22, 1931 China has hopes. Our second horne was that of a Chinese bead Louise Hayes drove us around to visit most of merchant-simple but clean, with its reception the seventeen churches in this great city. We room, stiff chairs and table and tea equipment.

[477 ]

A refugee son from Manchuria had just arrived General Chang Tse Kiang, head of the Bandit and there was much excitement, but we were Suppression of Kiangsu Province, has been using greeted with all friendliness. his influence to urge Chinese Christians to pray that their own sins of selfishness, lack of conse- It was to the miserable abode of a riksha man cration in individual living, indifference to govwe went last. An untidy little girl with a bright ernmental matters, be removed. "When China smile, opened the gate and invited us to come in. prays to have her own sins removed there will Except for the courtyard there was only one in- be no need to fear Japan for the answer is with closure with a brick k'ang and some iron kettles, ourselves," says he. a few farm implements, a broken riksha-to make this "home." Some dried weeds and a few stray These are almost the exact words of the sticks of wood had been gathered thriftily and Manchurian banker who shared the second step were waiting the evening time when the family of the car with Sam Dean on one of his trips would assemble, warm their hands at the meager down from Mukden last· falL Both men were blaze while it also cooked the sweet potatoes or strapped on by leather belts to prevent their millet. Afterwards, all would retire to the brick falling off should sleep o'ertake them. Speaking k'ang and go to sleep in preparation for another of Mr. Dean-no mention of Peiping is complete weary day. A miserable dog emphasized anew without mentioning his unique service as OrIgI- nator of the School of Practical Engi- neering and Architecture. The evan- gelistic work carried on by his students in the villages near Peiping is worth a visit to China just to see and experience.

Shanghai, October 24, 1931 Mrs. Millican and I went to see Mrs.

Lee today. She is the wife of a wealthy Chinese broker. It was a bit awesome to pass the Sikh guards at the gate and enter the park-like inclosure. The house is set in a colorful background of green shrubs and gay flowers. For her hobby, Mrs. Lee conducts a kindergarten in her home. The children were practicing TECHNICAL CHRISTIAN TRAINING FOR CHINESE MEN-ENGINEERING for Christmas-rugs were up and on that highly polished floor activities for me the wretched existence of that animaL were taking place which would produce nervous (One does not talk of dogs and their habits in collapse in an American housewife. Mrs. Lee sees· polite society in the Orient.) For all the lack of her home only as a place for service. What if cheer in the home surroundings, there was no scratches do appear and furniture gets battered- warmth lacking in the hospitality of our little children are to be considered first. She loves Chinese hostess. every minute of the time the children are there!

Nanking, China, October 20,1931 We also met Miss Li Gwan Fang. Miss Fang is editor of The Woman's Messenger Three fascinating experiences today! A visit which has at present a circulation of 2,000 and to the tomb of Sun Yat Sen on Purple Mountain. sells for $1.20 (Mexican) a year. (Divide by four There were many steps but a perfect view of the to estimate price in American dollars at present awful flood area. rate of exchange.) The aim of the magazine is to At five o'clock we went off to be guests of give the Chinese mother in the home a broader Madame Kung, whose husband is Minister of In- outlook and a greater skill in performing home dustries. The occasion was a special prayer meet- duties. Some features have been series of aring, called at the request of General Chiang Kai ticles on "Women of the World" and their Shek and Madame Chiang. The latter was there place in international life; home problems; in person and looked every bit the First Lady of translated stories such as "Ramona," "Hans Brinker," and "The Secret Garden." Miss Fang the Land. is writing a book on "Famous Women of China" Throughout China the Christians are meeting to pray earnestly for the future of their country. I could not understand a word, but I never "felt" and has also published a pageant, "Mothers of such prayers in my life. the World."

A KOREAN AT PRAYER

Canton, China, November 1, 1931 That evening Miss Florence Lei told me of the Young People's Conference held in Soochow in Oc- Such a busy day! Here is a strong Christian tober. The young people had said that some of young people's organization. We had hardly made the present weaknesses of the church were exour first talks when we were asked how young and tremes in preaching, conservatism, too little worold can cooperate in the church. ship, too much preaching, lack of social life, no tOeal message in sermons and poor organization of "The older people think we don't know anything material; leaders were too self-important, not and can't take responsibility," said one young keeping up to modern times. (There-nothing man. "How can we prove that we do and can?" wrong-except- ?) The young people are chiefly interested in communism, science and material We discussed this same question later at an- things, but the solution as worked out at Soochow other conference. One older man pled with the was to be found in a paid Young People's Secreleaders to use the same skill and patience in inter- tary, a fund to use for work with youth, a retreat esting the young people in the church that they of leaders to plan an immediate, tentative pro-· do in fishing. "You don't throw stones into the gram to help take care of the most glaring laeks. water," said he, "when you want to catch fish." "Most of all," said Miss Lei, "we felt the need It sounded familiar to hear Mrs. Kwang talk of advisors with religious experiences to guide us, about raising money. "I don't ask for money. I not older people to scold." ask for a chair, a picture, or a brick, and I get them."

A Korean at Prayer By the REV. WALTER C. ERDMAN, Germantown, Pa.

Missionary of the Presbyterian Church to Korea A YOUNG man was sitting cross-legged on a glade, neither aroused his curiosity nor disturbed .I"l.. flat-topped boulder, his hands upon his his concentration. He made no movement to ob- serve us, though it must have been startling to knees, immovable in meditation. He have a group of foreigners, barbarians from bemight have been a "White Buddha" on its pedes- yond the Great Peace Ocean, in strange outlandtal. He did not glance at passers-by and his un- ish attire, suddenly break into the sunny silence seeing gaze was not disturbed by the brightness of that secluded hollow far up among the hills. of the noonday sun. The more ambitious of the climbers went on The ashes of a dying fire were just below his to the summit of the peak. Some remained to feet. On another boulder near at hand were a rest and eat a noon-day luncheon on the edge of brass bowl and spoon and in a bag a few handfuls the cliff beyond the spring and to await the of rice. A dozen yards away in a hollow place others'return. A deep valley wound away among at his right an ice-cold spring bubbled out among the mountain ridges below. Behind us rose steep the roots of a hazel clump and slipped away in the mountain slopes covered with thickets of scrub bamboo grass. On a slightly higher rock behind oaks and beeches with clumps of azalea and him was a small white china bowl filled with clear patches of bamboo grass between the copses. water from the spring and a few grains of cooked From time to time we glanced across at the asrice were scattered over the surface of the rock. cetic. An hour passed. He made no movement. He must have seen us but he made no sign. The The young man was worshipping an "unknown sun was hot but he sought no refreshing shade. god," the spirit of the mountain. The rock was He seemed far away in some other world of his altar. The limpid spring water and the rice thought. grains were his offerings. His ascetic fare and his self-discipline were. his devotions. He was Finally I went and sat beside him on the waiting. ~ .. boulder. He eyed me calmly and dispassionately but waited for me to speak. I confess to a curi- Our mountain climbing party of missionaries, suddenly emerging from the thicket across the

osity far greater than his own. With proper form of Jesus Christ, the Son of God, who came into and polite phrase I introduced myself, speaking the world that men might learn about God and go his language and following his country's custom. to Him in prayer 1 Gravely apd with no show of irritation he returned the salutation. His name was So-and-so Truly he had never been caused to hear such from Such a village. Was I honorably in peace? words as these. What was the meaning of them 1 I was at peace. Was he willing to be inter~ Jesus Christ is the Son of God. He came into rupted in his meditations and to talk to a man- the world to save men from their sins. He is our nerless foreigner'? go-between with God. The Orient's great teacher Confucius is reported to have said, "If a man sins Certainly; he had no other work in hand. before God there is no place in his life for Had he been sitting there long in this manner 1 prayer," but our sacred writings have a more Long? No, assuredly not. Only three days helpful word for sinners. In our Book it is hopeand nights. fully written, "If any man sin we have a go-be- tween in the presence of God the Father, even Nights? Surely he. does not pass the nights Jesus Christ the Sinless One." You can pray to there in the cold without shelter or covering? God even now if you will. Close your eyes to shut out the sight of the world around you and repeat Yes, it was cold but he did not mind it particu- this prayer after me …" larly. It is warm in the daytime.. o God who created all things, our Father, open my But what about the tigers? They prowled continually in these wild ravines. There were bears dark mind that I may understand thy truth. Help me to in the thickets and wild boars in abundance. The understand that Jesus Christ is my Saviour from the guilt signs were all about us. Was he not afraid? and power of sin. Help me to trust Him now and forever. Not particularly. The tigers did not seem to molest him. The wild boars grunted and passed Free me from all fear of evil spirits and save me for Thyby. self. I ask in the name of Jesus Christ. Amen.

Was he fasting? ' Not entirely. Twice a day To our amazement, sentence by sentence, he rehe cooked a handful of rice from the bag and drank water from the spring. But the food sup- peated the prayer. ply was getting low. He could only remain another night and day and then go home, even so, "I ask in the name of Jesus Christ …" Cleartraveling hungry. ly and carefully the words fell from his lips. Might one gently enquire the meaning of this long vigil through freezing nights and burning Strange, was it not? A young man who, until noons? that moment, had never heard the name of Christ, He was praying. To wbat spirit? willing to repeat a form of prayer suggested by He did not know. The mountain spirit, perhaps. Tiger, or an unknown stranger of a different race? dragon or horse, he was not certain which. Certainly the spirit of the place. The water on the It was time to go down the trail again. We rock and the rice grains were for the spirit of the place. could not stay for a longer talk. One final ques- What earnest desire led him to this rigorous form of devotion'? tion and we would go. Would he like some leaflets No particular desire. He wished to please the spirits. which would tell him more about God? Were they good or evil? He would but he could not read. He did not know. They might give blessing. Certainly they could bring disaster if neglected. "Take them anyway," we said. "Ask someone How did he pray? in your village to read them aloud and then read- He had no method. He tried to keep his mind er and hearer both can learn the truth. Is it not as free from thought as possible. He had heard from Buddhist monks that this was true religion. a good plan ?"

Would he like to know how to pray, truly? "It is well." Surely he would. But where' could one find a teacher. "Do not forget your prayer. Perhaps God sent Had he ever heard of the great God who made the earth and the sky and the mountains, the clear us to meet you here to teach you how to ·pray. water for man's drink and rice for his food; or Remain in peace."

"Even so. Go in peace."

We turned and left him on the boulder, com- mending him in our heart, to the Greater Spirit of the place. He remained through that night, but two days later woodsmen who had passed that way said that the young man had gone. .

Millions in the world seem indifferent to God.

Amateur atheists in America and virulent Reds in other lands may bitterly oppose Him because His Word is a condemnation of the life they wish to lead, but here and there in the world are lonely, seeking hearts. Shall we carry to them the mes- sage of God through Jesus Christ?

In the New-

Hebrides By the REV. FRED BOWIE Tangoa, Santo, New Hebrides ):..

Missionary of the Australian Presbyterian Church T HESE islands are too isolated, and too far CONTRAST-HEATHEN CHIEF AND SON OF A CHRISTIAN separated, and each missionary is too con- PASTOR fined to his own particular field to make it possible to give any general or detailed view of his people nearer Tangoa to a more easily de- fended place, and built a new village. the situation in the group. If the field were a like area of continuous land, In the southern islands the pig was an impor- tant article of property and of food. In the north the difficulty would be much less. No doubt the it was much more than this; by killing pigs in missionaries would be in more intimate touch ceremonial a man determined his rank in this with each other, and at centres other than their world and also in the world to come. Only on speown they would have some personal acquaintance cial occasions like the killing of pigs did the peowith existing conditions of which they know only pIe of various districts come together. Every man possessed a rifle of some kind, but for the by hearsay. time no firearms were to be carried, and there Long stretches of sea separate most of the was general peace.

islands, and, for most part, differences of lan- Even then acts of treachery were sometimes guage separated even more effectively. This lat- perpetrated. In our earliest days in a mountain ter feature applied not only as between island and village there was to be a pig-killing. Crowds of island, but also as between district and district people came to take part in the feasting and of the same island, and in our early days meant dancing. Among them, relying upon the recoghostility between the tribes. With us in Santo- nized rule, was a man who, having killed one of Tierra del Espiritu Santo-the normal condition the people of the village, had been able to evade was one of war, and every man was on one side various attempts upon his life. At the "singof the fight. sing" none of the villagers took any notice of him.

As an example of the language barrier, here at Tangoa, South Santo, about the middle of the coast, and for several miles inland, for "good" we say "ruchu"; farther inland it is "nam"; three miles west and inland it is "otomi"; eight or ten miles west again it is ('meretach"; inland from that and farther west and north the word is "vure'a"; a dozen miles up the west coast it is "woto." This was all in our district. Beyond, and in the north, and in the east, are other words, at least four that I know.

Thirty-five years ago we never heard of a man of another part passing along our beach. A little before our arrival some who ventured were fired upon and one was killed. Immediately after, sure of reprisal, the man who shot the other took [481 ]

A man of another place struck up acquaintance miration for him. All were sure that they would ·with him, and by degrees spent a good deal of time see another order of things, and all three did. in his company. On the last night of the feast, while the beating of drums and dancing were pro- We had already seen something of what had ceeding, this man, Vokeipau, entered the house been done elsewhere. The day before we reached where the enemy, still somewhat suspicious and Tanna we had been at Futuna, and had seen some avoiding the dancing ground, was seated alone. of Dr. Gunn's Christian people. Two days earlier, With seeming carelessness carrying an axe, the on a Sunday afternoon, we had made our first handle in one hand and the head in the other, he landing in the New Hebrides at Aneityum, at Dr. approached, saying, "This is the axe which I told Geddie's old station. To all of us newcomers it you Kele brought from Noumea." With a sudden was a moving sight to see the people, clean and movement he swung the axe and sank it in the decently clad, coming to church, and to hear them man's shoulder. For his effort Vokeipau received sing their hymns to the familiar tunes in use in our own homes. In the prayers of the elders who a pig. took part in the service there was an earnestness There were only slight contacts and it was and a fervor that impressed us; it was something that we could all understand, although not even therefore difficult to carry the Gospel to t4e peo- Dr. Paton knew any of their language. Here was ple. On the main island no local man would go encouragement: what had been accomplished by with us beyond a very limited area. We overcame grace in the hearts and lives of the Aneityumese this by inducing inland men and boys to come to would yet be witnessed among the Tannese and work for us, and by using some of them as guides. among those to whom the others of us were to go. Most of us had to prepare our own translations of Scriptures and of hymns. Now anyone may After we left Tanna, our next stopping-place go anywhere in safety. was Dr. Paton's own island, Aniwa. When his conv.erts met us at the beach, welcoming Dr. More than thirty-five years ago seven young Paton back, and as he and they conducted us all missionaries went out to the new Hebrides to- to the old house, to the church, to the well, and gether, with Dr. John G. Paton as a fellow pas- as we considered what had been done there as at senger. He came especially to see his son Frank Aneityum, once more making the situation over settled as a missionary on the west side of Tanna. against Tanna as a bright light over against in- tense darkness, again we had fresh cheer, and fur- At that time only Aneityum and Aniwa were ther assurance that all things were possible. Witclaimed to be entirely Christian, but considerable ness to this was added at Efate, at Nguna, at advance had been made in Eromanga, also in Tangoa, and in less degree at Epi and beyond. Efate and in the islands of which Nguna and Mr. Smaill of Epi was visiting Paama, but there Tangoa were the centres; Epi too had bright only a beginning had been made. spots. Tanna was particularly difficult. Now after thirty-five years today all the islands On our fourth and fifth days in the islands we from the south northwards, including Paama, are visited the scenes of the heartbreaking experi- accounted Christian. The Condominium Governences of Turner and Nisbet, of Dr. Paton himself, ment recognizes this, for it has made provision in of Matheson, Johnston, Neilson, Watt, and Gray. these islands for the administration of a native We saw the Tannese as all had seen them from the code of laws by native courts; in the islands to time when Captain Cook visited Port Resolution. the north of Paama as yet there is no law-so Our guide was Mr. Watt, whose headquarters at that even an offense like the murder of :it native that time were at the Port, and who then was the by a native is not punishable by law. only missionary in Tanna. We had heard Dr. Paton talk of the Tannese as naked, painted In Tanna such progress has been made that savages. Some were painted, and they were all while thirty-one years ago Mr. Macmillan bapnearly naked, but none of us thought them at all tized his first eight converts, in his report last grim and repulsive. year he set out that at the last celebration of the Lord's Supper between six and seven hundred Fifty-four years had passed since Turner and members took part. For various reasons these Nisbet had lived on Tanna. For nearly thirty were ohly a part of the Christians. On the oppoyears Mr. Watt had been holding on. Although site side of the island there is now a new misin 1881 he had baptized fifteen converts, it was sionary doctor with his wife. said that at the time of our arrival, in 1896, there was not on the island one baptized Tannese. Yet The position at Vila, the capital of the group, is he did not talk like a man without hope, but rather also worthy of note. There are the greatest numas a live sane man of deep faith, sure of the power bers of whites, British and French. Before the of the Gospel, delighted and encouraged at the eyes of the natives there is endless drinking, gamadvent of Dr. Paton's son, and of Mr. Macmillan bling and other evils. Natives of many islands to take Mr. Gray's place. We were filled with ad-

TODAY IN THE NEW HEBRIDES

are taken there as crews for boats and ships, and ary had retired; another had to give up Ollac- as workers about houses and stores, wharves count of ill-health; a son of Dr. Paton, thirty-six and plantations. It is said that such as wish years in Malekula, for over a year has been out may get any amount of alcohol almost under the with a poisoned foot which has had to be ampu- very eyes of the authorities. Still, for the most tated. The one missionary left has been on fur- part, the local people seem to be uncontami- lough, and is returning. A young couple also is nated, and to some of us it never ceases to be coming. In the meantime several teacher-evan- ope of the wonders of the Gospel in the islands to gelists have been carrying on, and no one fears see them kept so unspotted in spite of the bound- that the work is going to pieces; all recognize that less temptations to which they are subjected. these workers, cast upon their own resources and In those days Ambrim had two established centres of work. It has had its special cross to bear. Besides other losses, in the twinkling of an eye at Christmas in 1913, its principal station with its splendidly equipped an d most useful general hospital was blown sky-high when the whole valley went up in a volcanic eruption. A lesser, but also a destructive, erup- tion has occurred since. The Gospel is manifesting its power in many places today.

In the large island of Malekula there were four mIsSIOnaries. Soon aft e r there was a fifth. All these extended their influence in all directions. As in all the A CHURCH IN TANGOA. NEW HEBRIDES ISLANDS northern islands, in Maleku- la much still remains of the old heathen life. On depending upon their Lord, will be all the strong- the first day of this year I went to Malekula with er for the experience, and many of their people some time-expired students. One of the teachers as well. .

told me about shooting that had occurred in the What is said of Malekula holds also of Santo north. A heathen chief had been planting and Malo. The three islands in the northeast, bananas. As he stood upright, holding a banana Pentecost, Oba, and Maewo, are outside our rec- stock with both hands, and with his feet pushed ognized field, and long ago were occupied by the the ground in around the base, two rifle shots rang Melanesian (Church of England) Mission, and out. A bullet went through both arms, and more recently by the Church of Christ as wen.

another through both thighs. His assailants fled. Thirty-five years ago in this the widest part of The wounded man's friends carried him home. Santo there was only one church and school, situ- Seemingly no attention was paid to the wounds, ated on a little island off the coast. About sev- so that they became a horrible mess, and the chief enty miles distant in the northwest there was begged his friends to strangle him. This two of another church. That year another central sta- them did with a vine. A grave was dug, and tion was opened in Big Bay in the north; the fol- when we (Were there his body had lain for three· lowing year another was established fifty-five weeks uncovered. It was not to be covered till his miles away on the east coast. Now there are death should be avenged. Christian communities all around the island.

At that time on Santo we had had a similar There have been several inland communities also, case, except that the unburied man was supposed but in most instances after a time they have de- to have been killed by witchcraft. To some extent liberately migrated shorewards. Where the peo- the strength of the present position in ·Malekuht, ple have been able to settle on heights inland they may be gauged by this that for several months re- have done well, but where, as at various places cently in the island there have been no Christian on the west coast, they have come down to the workers except people of their own. One mission- beaches, the result has been disastrous. No per- 484 THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD [September suasion could stop them. Blackwater fever is it curious that there should be those who cannot; common on all that coast. who fearlessly handle a lizard or even a snake; who, unafraid now of spirits finding means of ac- There are in the islands, or definitely assured cess to their houses, break out the extra windows and in sight, twelve or thirteen missionaries. At so as to have more fresh air; who without hesipne time we had twenty-six. The motor launch, tation burn the cutH,:..gs of their hair, and who replacing the old sailing boat, has played quite a do many other like things that their fathers or part in the change. In the early days nothing was tf~ 11' grandfathers would not have dared to do. certain in regard to a journey to a distance to Many are sterling fellows, earnest, dependable, leeward. With a good engine in a good hull one keen to acquire knowledge, particularly of the can now make definite plans, and can depend upon Bible, and in the days to come ought to do good overseeing a much wider field than with sails and work. oars. If there were more of Christ in the hearts of For the past thirty-six years the various mis- the whites in the islands, much more would have sionaries (Presbyterian) representing Canadian, been done, and much more might be done by the Scottish, Australian, Tasmanian, and New Zea- people themselves. Fortunately many of the Britland churches, and the J. G. Paton Fund, all work ish would not willingly do anything to create even together as if we were from one church. We a wrong impression, but there are islands and dishave been sending men, single or married, with tricts where the influence of outsiders is anything their wives to this place to be trained as teach- but helpful. Some have no shadow of regard for ers. Dr. Annand, of the Canadian Church, of morality. However, there is a likelihood that whose death we have just heard, established it. much that during the past years has been winked at by the administrators will be stopped. The There is no limit to the obligation under which government helps us to this extent, that it allows all of us have been to our native fellow-workers, us to import books free of duty. Nowadays the to scores who have had no special training. They islanders discriminate between outsider and outhave been alive and full of desire to see their fel- sider, and form definite opinions of each. More lows won for Christ. Others, during their four and more they· are ready to shoulder, and are years here, have been taught something of many shouldering, the burden of the work. They are things, but chiefly the great truths of the Gospel. our hope for the future. In spite of every oppo- The book VI hich we use for spelling, for reading, sition, perhaps in part on account of this, the for dictation, for transcription, for composition, Gospel has triumphed, and gradually is winning for practically everything, is the English Bible. its way through all the islands. This is necessary on account of the multiplicity of tongues. –,.:—- On our roll of Christians at present are fifty- A PRAYER FOR HELP':' one men and seven women, wives of seven of the men. The women have their own classes and in- Dear crucified Lord, in the shadow of Thy Cross struction in various kinds of work. These work- may we receive that moral strength, that divine ers come from as far south as both the east and courage which will enable us to combat the evils the west sides of Tanna, and from as far north of selfishness, greed, indulgence and all unworthias the north of Santo. ness that would prevent our deliberations leading us to decisions for the highest good of the little Several of them were reared in heathenism village as well as of the great city; for the poor and are acquainted with all its ways, including its and the nearly poor as well as for those who have fears. They know the pit out of which they have plenty; for the places of hard toil as well as the been brought. Last week I discovered that two places of affluence; for those who are weak in the of them still do not venture to speak of a father- face of temptation as well as for those who can in-law or a mother-in-law by name. One deals stand strong. Help us, dear Saviour, to rememgently with such, all the more because many of ber that in this great throng this morning we their prohibitions have been laid down for rea- appear before Thee as individuals, seperate and sons morally sound. We have now more of the alone. Be Thou the captain of our souls! Then if second generation of Christians, who know a good poverty comes we shall not be so poor and if sordeal about the former heathen life, but who have row comes we shall not be so sad, and if death been freed from many of the fears attached to it. comes we shall not be afraid. 0 Thou God of all A few days ago one of these, afrajd to touch a nations, Jesus Christ the world's Redeemer, hear lizard, was induced to approach and take one out us as we pray, and have mercy upon us, for Jesus' of my hand and handle it. There are still others sake, Amen. of the third generation who in their own islands have not seen any of the old way, who can name ,;. The prayer of Evangeline Booth was the most inspiring event in .a father-in-law or a mother-in-law, and who think fill the session of the Dem9cratic Convention meeting in Chicago.

OPENING OF THE I. M. C. COMMITTEE MEETING AT HERRNHUT

The delegates met in. the historic old Moravian Church. They were seated in the center section.

At Herrnhut -Tw-o Centuries After The Meeting of the International Missionary Council in Birthplace of Modern Missions By the REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D. D.

"~I Princeton, N. J. I~"

Professor of the History of Religion and Christian Missions T HERE is spiritual power in environment. ago the Moravian Brethren sent out their first "Vhere John first baptized," we read, "there missionaries from the very "upper room" where many believed on Jesus." (John 10 :40-42.) the Council met for its devotional meetings. Dr. Those who attended the International Missionary Julius Richter calls the place "the sanctuary and 'Council Meeting held on the Mount of Olives in shrine of the whole continental missionary enter- 1928 or in 1930 near the Haystack Monument, or prise." The very stones cry out, "Believe, endure this summer at historic Herrnhut, felt there the and dare." In his opening address of welcome unseen power of past history. Two hundred years Bishop Baudert, of the Unitas Fratrum, said: [485 ]

"What has given us the courage to invite you to Dr. Mott spoke, the great congregation-with the small Herrnhut? We remember how on August Sisters on the one side and the Brethren on the 21, 1732, the first missionaries set out from Herrn- other-included more than half of the population hut to carry the Gospel to the Negro slaves in St. .of the town! So they shared the worship and Thomas. Then a fire was lighted here at the foot vision of the International Missionary Council.

of the Hutberg which by the grace of God has not Under the chairmanship of Dr. John R. Mott, gone out and never will. With gratitude to God and with the secretarial leadership of Dr. J. H.

we remember how he has enabled our little Church Oldham, the Rev. William Paton and Dr. A. L.

to send out in unbroken succession more than Warnshuis, in fellowship with the lay and clerical three thousand Brethren and Sisters as mission- leadership of these widely scattered missionary aries to the heathen." forces, the Council has grown in strength. Its Indeed, the setting of the conference in this program is world-wide, its proposals are often Moravian community, with its marvelous history, startling, but the sober judgment and Christian enriched our inner spiritual life and our discus- boldness of this leadership has won the whole- sions. It was the great English historian, Lecky, hearted allegiance of most of the missionary who said that what happened to John Wesley in forces of Protestant Christendom.

the little Moravian meeting in Aldersgate'Street, The opening sessions of the Council were wisely London, meant more to England than all the victo- devoted to the unburdening of hearts on the great ries of Pitt by land or sea. The missionary move- issues of the day in which we live, the new oppor- ment sprang from the evangelical revival which tunities and the baffling difficulties in a score of came out of the Moravian movement. This revival countries across the world. There was out-spoken in turn expressed itself, not only in personal con- reality and no shrinking from the issues that are version, but in social action-the abolition of the at stake; no deferred hope made hearts weak but slave trade and legislation for industrial reform. courage rose with danger.

~ome of the letters written by John Wesley to Again and again, in single sentences, a window Count Zinzendorf are in the archives at Herrnhut was opened into dramatic new situations that and two of them were read at one of the sessions startle and challenge. What a world of suffering by Mr. Basil Matthews. and gallant courage is, for instance, revealed in Most of the delegates arrived by way of Dres- the simple statement that "forty-nine churches den in a great German omnibus which drew up in of Korean Christians have recently been closed in the beautiful little square called Zinzendorf-Platz, Siberia by the Soviet Government, many of the after a seventy mile drive southward through the Koreans taking refuge in .Manchuria, and that in rolling corn-fields and forests of Saxony. We were response the Korean Church itself is carrying out within sight of the mountains of Czecho-Slovakia, a special evangelistic forward movement among at the centre of a Europe that is passing through those people in Manchuria."

one of the major changes of history. As the men Similar heroic advances in face of humanly im- and women stepped out from the omnibus, the hos- possible conditions of chaos .and economic terror pitable and kindly eyes of our Moravian hosts and in China, in face of terrible distraction in Japan, hostesses looked into the faces of men and women, in the midst of national unrest in India were re- Indian, Chinese and Korean, Japanese, Belgian ported. A stirring picture of the apostolic travels and American, Filipino and Fr~nch, leaders of the of a pastor touring the villages of Siam, and the Christian forces of every country in Scandinavia wonderful work of a group largely of young folk from Finland to Denmark, Dutch and Scottish, bearing their witness, brought thrill and cheer Canadian and Afrikander, Mexican and English. from an unexpected quarter. From the Philippine They came also from the banks of the Nile, the Islands came a picture of a Youth Movement Congo and the Yangtse rivers. These men and based on the three principles of reaching youth women had come across oceans and continents, through youth, of moral and social as well as spir- drawn from absorbing tasks at great cost of time itual uplift, and of the union of all the churches, to this little tranquil town of sixteen hundred in- in face of the vast multitudes of youtlJ., detached habitants, hidden among quiet hills, remote from by modern secular materialism from all Christian the roar of cities and the turmoil of industries. loyalties, whether Roman Catholic or Protestant.

The Chairman of the Council, speaking from the The very radical proposals made by Commis- spot where Zinzendorf had stood, said that he, sions on Higher Education in India and in Japan by analysis, had found that on the· average one showed that a new day is bound to dawn in these in sixty of the Moravian Brethren and Sisters fields. The proposal was welcomed that in Japan have gone to the mission field, while the propor- some score of theological colleges which, striving tion in the Protestant Churches of the West is less with inadequate staffs to give denominational than one in five thousand. In that church, as training to pastors, should concentrate into two,

AT HERRNHUT-TWO CENTURIES AFTER

where the best teaching strength of all these col- opments in the restriction of religious thought and leges would be for the good of all. life were reported from Turkey, Egypt, Persia, Eritrea, the Congo, China and Russia, and they At one of the sessions Mr. J. Merle Davis of reveal that the battle for religious liberty needs Japan and America and Dr. Iserland of Germany to be fought again. The work of the Council's expounded their work as colleagues in the new officers and proposed further activity in relation- Department of Social and Industrial Research and ship with governments in face of some of these Couricil in Geneva under the International Mis- situations, were approved. The refusal by the Sosionary Council. Their research into social and viet authorities to allow any religious worker even industrial conditions created by Western capital to pass through Russia, is one among many exand civilization among the African and other amples of the obstacles placed by some governprimitive peoples is a handmaid to direct evange- ments in the path of Christian missions. Common lism. It is essential to Christian men to discover counsel revealed that different nations and misand display in practice how to make civilization sionary agencies in widely separated areas are congruous with the Gospel of Christ. The Geneva suffering restrictions that are largely common in Department is concentrating at present upon the character and can best be met by concerted action, unique situation created in the copper belt of the if action is necessary, through government chan- Belgian Congo and Northern Rhodesia by its in- nel!:.. tensive industrialization of the African. Their definite goal is to work out in concrete terms how THE MORAVIAN CHURCH AT HERRNHUT the mining organizations, the governments and the missionary organizations can cooperate and In view of these facts, however, what is the integrate their forces in order to create a new Christian attitude to be with regard to mission- Christian African community, in place of the ary and religious freedom? This problem faced present disastrous corrosion of the old tribal St. Paul and all the Christians in the days when system which leaves the individual African an they were commanded to worship the Roman isolated atom. Emperor. It faces us today, but in new and strangely difficult forms, all across the world. The This large social and industrial program, put days of imprisonment, of persecution and of forward at Williamstown in 1930, had, however, martyrdom for the truth are not altogether of the aroused misgivings on the part of the Missionary past. The Council declared therefore: Council of the Northern Countries before the meeting at Herrnhut. They sent a joint memorial We believe that much more may yet be done by wise, from Stockholm which received careful attention. sustained and progressive efforts to secure full religious One paragraph deserves record here: freedom in all mission fields, and we would count the con- tinuance of such efforts indispensable, since such a serv- Since we are firmly convinced that the preaching of the ice can only be rendered effectively under such cooperative Gospel is the essential task of missions, and must always auspices as the International Missionary Council, and is remain SQ, we cannot help feeling anxious at the growing directly related to the evangelistic program of the mistendency of making programs for the solution of rural, sionary movement. social and industrial problems in the various mission fields. Naturally we do not object to discussing these important But at the same time they challenged the courproblems from the point of view of missions. But if this is age and faith of disciples: done beyond a certain measure there is a real danger of diverting the missionary zeal from its central objectives In the presence of restraints and limitations upon the to such social problems as will naturally present them- free witnessing of Christians and Christian missionaries selves when Christianity has had a long period of devel- to the Gospel of 'Jesus Christ, which are increasingly evi-. opment in a nation, but which in no wise need be put in dent in certain lands, and which emanate from sectarian the foreground at the time of laying the foundation of a hostility, rival religious systems, new theories of the State, Christian Church in a nation. or the rising tide of nationalism, it is our opinion that In the findings of the Council meeting to which we refer later it will be seen that Herrnhut owed much to this Stockholm letter. The central message of Christianity, the cruciality of the Cross, the need of conversion and of a new life as prerequisites to successful evangelism-all these came to their own once more in the Herrnhut deliberations.

Next to this question of the essential task, was that of religious liberty. A number of documents were in the hands of the delegates and two or three interesting and weighty statements on the principles of religious freedom. Alarming devel-

when such prohibitions to Christian witnessing become the Gospel and transforming social conditions. fundamental and sweeping, in the judgment of the Church These great spiritual movements, the growing concerned, these prohibitions do not relieve the individual Christian and the Christian Chu'rch of their duty to con- self-consciousness of the indigenous churches and tinue their witness with love and patience, and yet also the present financial stringency at home, all unite with endurance, if need be unto suffering. to summon us to closer and wider cooperation.

Another question that called for earnest con- This was evident in all the discussions. Problems sideration was the future policy of missions in the that are common face every missionary society in present financial crisis. At the outset of the com- the world; no one society can possibly grapple mittee meetings Mr. Kenneth Maclennan, Secre- with them, for they need the mobilizing of the tary of the Conference of British Missionary So- wisdom, the experience, the leadership and in- cieties, very strikingly showed how during the fluence of all in the light of God's leading. The post-war years, when income has been on the whole problem of cooperation between different whole stationary, the work in the field has gone churches was carried dramatically to a deeper ahead in multiplying prosperity. "Has not God," and more searching level by the Rev. W. J. Noble, he asked, "called us to discover through the very of the Wesleyan Missionary Society of Britain, stringency of the present economic crisis that one who declared that ultimately we are bound in era of His missionary work has closed and practice in cooperation to find ourselves face to another opened? Are we not called to face the face with the tremendous questions of Faith and fact of the self-witnessing Church in all mission Order. Unless we are ready to go further, he de- lands ?"Our contribution in the fields of the world clared, we have already gone too far. Is it not today must be something different from that of time, representing the missionary forces facing organization and direction. What is it to be?" heathendom, to say to the churches in the home Our first task is to ask what is God's will for land: "It is your duty to come together, for the future of missionary work in the face of this divided you make. it more difficult to win the world present crisis. We must seek to get deeper still for Christ. Variety in unity is in accord with the into the fulness of the Christian message for the will of God. The real breach is made by ex- present age. We witness, in the troubled waters clusiveness !"

of the Far East, the wonderful sustained evange- There was no exclusiveness at Herrnhut. Cath- listic movements in Japan and in China which re- olicity came to its own without compromise: veal the steadfastness and courage and faith of Realizing the colossal power of the inertia caused largethe new Christian churches there in a time of ly by the divided state of Christendom, the delegates, chaos, amid the crushing forces of materialism moved by the tragic world situation of today, call missionand communism. We must share the agonizing ary workers throughout the world to enter boldly a new era of cooperation. In that new period the requirements, conflict of loyalties in the hearts of members of principles and spirit of such cooperation must be more the Indian Church under the stress of nationalis- thorough, serious and sacrificial than ever.

tic hopes and fears; and rejoice together in the The officers of the Council are to give a major news of the movement of high-caste Hindus into part of their effort to furthering in an advisory the Christian Church, influenced by the beautiful way constructive advances in cooperation such as witness of the purified lives of former outcasts; may turn the retreat threatened by economic a movement that presents to the world a new stringency into triumphant advance. miracle of the Eternal Gospel. Amid the multitude of "findings," the complexi- It was a memorable occasion, and we were ties of the daily program and the activities of greatly stirred on hearing from representative leaders from all lands of astonishing aggressive special committees there are two things that made Herrnhut distinctive to my mind: the clear and work that is, with increasing momentum and out-spoken utterance on the central task of mispower, being carried on by the Christian Church, sions and the consciousness that the only source whether in the Far East or in Africa. Under the terrible economic stress of today's world crisis, of power is God's Holy Spirit. The message is and in the face of self-confident materialism and the Word of God. The method is conversion. The positive atheistic communism, the Christian forces power is outside of ourselves, and the goal is not in Japan and Korea, in China and Siam, in India mere social progress, but the fulness of the Kingand in the Philippines, far from beating a retreat, dom of God. The committee on the message had are pressing forward in ways for which it is dif- referred to it the Stockholm correspondence, and ficult to find a parallel in the history of modern their report, unanimously adopted, will reassure missions. One of these adventures is the detailed those who may have had misgivings regarding the program and the specific activity of the Kingdom position of the International Missionary Council: If we have anything to bring in the name of God to a of God Movement in Japan, to carry Christ into slum, village and industrial city, both proclaiming world in need, it is certainly not o ughr toowrnopuiretoy~nouhrumowann way of life, our own modes of thou

HOW CHRIST IS AFFECTING INDIA

-i,' "

help. What the Church has to give in its world mis~ion is tions, races and communions, we were repeatedly recalled to the parallelism between the Internathe good news of a divine act in history, of the Word made tional Missionary Council opening its heart and flesh. Apart from a Word which is from God, and not soul to the working of the Spirit in face of the from man, there is 110 Christian mission. In face of the world task of Christianity and the Moravians powerful anti-Christian forces operating in the world today we reaffirm our faith that the revelation of God in Christ is the only way of deliverance for mankind and sending out the first missionaries from that very that it alone can provide the foundation for an order of room in 1732. Early in the morning, on more society that will be according to the will of God. than one occasion) the Holy Communion was celebrated by the Bishop of Salisbury, in which, And again they say: We have considered afresh what is central in our mis- at his invitation, the members of the committee sionary work and where the chief emphasis should be laid. from all over the world shared. At no time did Weare convinced that our missionary task is to proclaim the radiant community spirit of the unity of the in word and life God's revelation and redemption in Jesus Brethren sweep across the spirits of the delegates Christ. We have no other task; for while there is much that is useful and good, "one thing is needful." We need with greater force than at the united Love Feast to ask ourselves whether everything that forms part of on the first Sunday, at which,with the delegates, present missionary activity serves the one dominant pur- there was present the Moravian community, pose of making clear the message of Jesus Christ in all whose strong, sweet choral singing expressed the its fullness. enduring moral and spiritual fibre of a people who No stronger statement could be desired. Each have triumphed over persecution, and have even society and each missionary must striv~ to reach this ideal at any cost. Finally, the atmosphere of faced peace and relative prosperity without de- Herrnhut was not materialistic, but devout and generation. May we not hope and pray that from other-worldly. In the devotional meetings at nine the Herrnhut meeting spiritual forces will go o'clock each morning, led by men of different na- forth that shall be like Zinzendorf redivivus!

HoV Christ Is Affecting India* -"II By ROBERT WELLS VEACH, D. D. 111'· W HILE traveling from Singapore to Cal- Hindustani; but on about every fifth page there cutta I became acquainted with a young was a paragraph in English which contained a Indian merchant. Tall, erect, well poised distinctly Christian idea about love and the marand with a rich, brown complexion, he was about riage relation. as handsome a fellow as one would like to meet. Apparently he was wealthy, a camphor merchant Some paragraphs were direct quotations from with large interests in Sumatra and Java. His the New Testament and a few had been a bit muhair was closely cropped except a lock about two tilated by lopping off the context, as, for instance, inches long which protruded from the crown of Ephesians 5 :24. "As the church is subject to his head, the sign that he was an orthodox Hindu. Christ, so wives should be subject to their hus- He was always draped in an immaculate white bands in every respect." (Moffat's translation.) robe finely embroidered with black along the edge. In response to my question about these Christian When the evenings were cool, he would don a ideas being incorporated in a Hindu book, he said: three-quarter length white serge coat with deli·- "We Hindus always read the best European and cately traced gold buttons. Occasionally he wore American books, and when we come across a a rose-colored turban. really good idea we assimilate it into our Hindu thinking." Picture him reclining languidly on a steamer chair, speaking English fluently and rolling his This is a significant statement and reveals the large, dreamy eyes in whose depths one caught While admitting that Christianity is making glimpses of fathomless philosophies milleniums rapid strides in India, my friend insisted that old, nebulous ideas and wistful wishing. power of Hinduism to survive the centuries. Hinduism would win because it has this amazing One day he handed me a book he was reading, capacity to assimilate Christian ideas and ideals. entitled "Love and Marriage," with the request Because of its profound philosophic insight, he that I look through it. The book was printed in * Presbyterian Survey.

claimed that it is able to give to the world a more unadorned and impressive. There was no altar, spiritual understanding of Jesus. All this came no priest, no image. For ten minutes I listened from a young Indian camphor merchant. to several hundred Hindu students chant their prayer and praise to the God of their fathers. One Sunday evening I tramped with Dr. Sam Then this leader and teacher of men showed me Higginbottom across the acres of his Agricultural through his library of which he is justly proud. Institute of Allahabad. He described the unex- He had majored in English Literature at Oxford pected visit he had one day from some Indian and was familiar with our American poets, even princes. They had been attending a great re- down to Lindsay and Robinson. Emerson and ligious gathering at Benares and having heard of Whitman he was willing to concede a high place; Higginbottom's work ·decided to see for them- but of all the others he refused to group any of selves. One morning six of them arrived at the them with Wordsworth, Browning, and Shelley. station in a private train. They were deeply impressed with what they saw and with the Chris- This man had recently presided over a public tian motive back of it all. One of them was so meeting addressed by Dr. Stanley Jones. At the taken with a fine young Christian student that he conclusion of the address he arose and expressed offered him the position of agricultural manager his complete agreement with most of the speakand teacher on his own large estate. er's statements because he found the same ideas in Hinduism. "This is our classroom for the study of Industrial Chemistry," said the president of a large But there are many thoughtful, highly intelli- Christian college. The room with its apparatus gent men among the six million followers of and charts was neatly arranged. On one of the Christ in India. One evening I met a very promiwalls I noticed a picture of Christ and the Rich nent Judge, a man of great intellectual breadth Young Ruler, while back of the teacher's desk and spiritual insight. Both he and his wife are hung a fine copy of Hoffman's Christ Among the active members of a Christian church. On an- Doctors. other occasion I attended a social gathering in the home of an Indian Christian. He is the head of "This Indian teacher is evidently Christian," I a large Government High School, is mentally alert remarked. and enthusiastically devoted to Christian work.

"No," said the president, "at least not a pro- Riding from Calcutta to Benares I shared the fessing Christian; but it would appear as if he compartment with an elderly gentleman, whom I were almost persuaded. The character of Jesus found most companionable. He proved to be a makes a strong appeal to many men who are not high railroad official and an active Christian. interested in organized Christianity." One day I addressed seven hundred students in Perhaps the keenest man intellectually I met in the Assembly Hall of a Christian college, and to India was a distinguished college president, the the best of my ability I challenged this host of head of a large Hindu Graduate School. He was promising young men to take the ideals and teacha Hindu and believes that, freed from shallow tra- ings of Jesus Christ and incorporate them into dition and vitalized by close contact with the main the new social and political structure that is takcurrents of modern thinking, Hinduism possesses ing form in India. The response was trementhe dynamic to make India great and powerful. dous. Is India almost persuaded?

I attended the chapel exercise. It was simple, The Cure for Depression What would Christ do and say to help us out of our trouble if He were on earth now?

We can judge only by what He did and said in the first century, an age not so different from our own, an age of unsettlement, violence, drunkenness and license. Christ would tell us not to yield to panic, "be not anxious for the- morrow, and not to trust in riches; what shall it profit .a man if he gain the whole world and lose his own soul?" Christ would tell us to work and pray for our daily bread, to keep our hearts clean and steady and kind, to love God supremely and our neighbor as ourselves. He would tell us not to be selfish or afraid, but to trust our Heavenly Father and do our duty from day to day. He would tell us that the Holy Spirit will guide us to our duty, that the universe is in the hands of God and that the soul of man is the most precious thing in the world.

These are the fundamental principles and spirit that must underlie and cure our trou- bles. Everyone can begin at once to put them in practice. HENRY VAN DYKE. .'.

Braga of

II: J ··:ill w~ . ~~~ ~ a~:n J:.. By REGINALD WHEELER, Nanking, China Recently Secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church, V. S. A., in charge of Latin-American Fields — _. __ . ._. — — ONE of the essential aims and ends of foreign clerk in a country store which, due to the exig- missions is the establishment and develop- encies of the economic situation, used old news- ment of a native church. To fulfil its mis- papers for wrapping its packages and articles of sion this church must be in reality self-propa- sale. One day the newsboy who brought these gating, self-supporting, self-governing. In many papers to the young clerk gave him some leaves mission fields such indigenous churches are now torn from a book in which John Braga became developing. Leaders of those churches are intensely interested. These leaves had been appearing who are worthy of being in- torn from a Bible, a book with which cluded in the long line of the suc- Mr. Braga, like many other nominal cessors of the glorious company of Roman Catholics, was not familiar.

the apostles. In Brazil, after two He became interested, asked for generations of mission service, more of these papers, read and there is such an evangelical studied them, and resolved to church today, independent of give himself to this new way foreign subsidy, directed by of life and belief. Soon after its own leaders, expressive a Presbyterian missionary, of the genius and spirit of the Rev. F. P. Schneider, its own people. Foremost made his acquaintance; as a among the leaders of that result John Braga was bap- church was Erasmo Braga. tized and became a member On May 11, 1932, at only 55 of the recently formed Pres- years of age, Dr. Braga's byterian Church in Brazil.

rich service upon this earth He studied for the ministry, came to an end. It is a privi- and became one of its most ac- lege to attempt to review a few tive and able leaders. While of the achievements of this truly teaching in a mission school in great man and to summarize some Rio Claro, as a candidate for the of the characteristics t hat en- ministry, he met and married a dea·red him to so many friends and girl who was also teaching in that that won for him the well deserved con- school. In 1877 their first child was fidence of the Evangelical Church, not PROFESSOR born, and was named Erasmo after the only in Brazil but throughout the world. ERASMO BRAGA famous Dutch humanist. This boy was Erasmo Braga was first and foremost a man of baptized by a Presbyterian minister who had the church of which he was a servant and a leader. fled from the Island of Madeira after a terrible He was an ordained minister of the Presbyterian persecution and had been wounded in a similar Church in Brazil, which he had served as Mod- persecution in Brazil. Erasmo thus grew up in a erator and in whose councils he occupied an infht- Christian home; entered the second class at Mac- ential position. kenzie College, Sao Paulo; took work in the His ecclesiastical inheritance is of unusual in- preparatory course of a school of law; and terest. His f.amily was an influential one that later entered a theological seminary to pre- lived in Portugal in a town that bore the family pare for the ministi'Y. After he was ordained name of Braga. His grandfather was an army he taught for. many years on the seminary officer in Portugal and his father, John Braga, faculty without salary. He was one of the emigrated to the new world of the Americas, land- directors of the seminary in Rio de Janeiro, ing in Brazil in the early 1850s. At first he had and has taken a special interest in the Curso difficulty trying to make his living. He became a Jose Manoel da Conceicao, which provides a [491 ]

junior college course of preparation for can- ments between the two. He favored the plan by didates for the ministry. which financial assistance would come from the Dr. Braga was not only a minister of the Evan- mission on a diminishing scale for initial and pio- gelical church, but an educator whose advice was neer areas, with the missionary force acting as sought in this field both in the sphere of the mis- the spearhead of evangelistic service on the fron- sion and of the government. He taught for some tier, and the native church taking over as rapidly years on the faculty of Mackenzie College and of as possible the work in larger cities' and evan- Campinas Seminary; he was Chancellor of the gelized areas. Such a cooperative plan has been Federation of Evangelical Schools of Brazil; put to the practical test in Brazil and has stood served on the Executive Council of the National the test. The Brazilian Church stands on its own Educational Association; and was the editor and feet with self-respecting independence and re- author of a number of text books, both in the field sponsibility, and Dr. Braga has had a large part of religious and secular education. No one who saw in shaping this development. His clearness and him preside at the Montevideo Congress and heard incisiveness of thought on this subject of coopera- him swing with ease and fluency from his native tion between mission and church was especially Portuguese to Spanish, to French, to English, will evident at the Lakeville Conference of the Pres- ever forget his linguistic skill and ability. He had byterian Board of Missions, where this issue was also a reading and working knowledge of Greek, one of the chief topics of consideration.

Latin, Hebrew and Italian. In a memorial service In the wider groupings that include churches held by the Brazilian Association of Education and missionsjn other lands, Dr. Braga also made after Dr. Braga's death, Dr. Anisio Teixeira, his distinct and serviceable contribution. Not long Superintendent of Public Instruction, said: before his death he was appointed representative Erasmo Braga was an educator in the highest and rich- of the Latin American section of the World's Alliest sense of the word, a binder together of men among ance of the Reformed Churches. A government themselves. I render today, as a member of the Brazilian official in Brazil paid this tribute to the universal Educational Association, and personally, the profound and quality in Dr. Braga's leadership: sincere homage of my intelligence and my heart to this man who did good to all of us because in all of us he There are those ~vho say that the Protestants built a added a power of love not of ourselves. bridge for a great intellectual passage in modern times but they did not have the courage to pass over. Men like But Dr. Braga's influence went beyond the Erasmo Braga are conducive to such a passage. They usual bounds of church and school and was ex- use their influence for religious cooperation in Brazil and pressed in many channels of service which are in the whole world. They tend to suppress the divisions grouped under the head of union and cooperation. among men by a tacit or expressed accord in a group of common ideas…. He led us forward because of those For twelve years he was Secretary of the Commit- delicate and sensitive labors which arduously insisted on tee on Cooperation in Brazil, the consultative and the harmony between men seeking with tolerance and long correlating agent of various evangelical church suffering spirit that which was a common denominator. groups in that country. Dr. Braga took an active He led us forward because he broke down differences, he part in the Panama Congress held in 1916; was eliminated divisions, and created stronger and more ample bonds of unity for human cooperation…. Because of chairman .and presiding officer at the Congress on this all of us, believers and agnostics, are able to associ- Christian Work in South America, held in Monte- ate ourselves together in homage to such a remarkable video, Uruguay, in 1925; he was one of the three character, reflecting Brazilian and universal religious members of the International Missionary Council thought as was Erasmo Braga. . . . representing Latin America, and met with the A missionary wrote of him: Council at Jerusalem in 1928; he was Honorary He was the one internationally-minded Brazilian Protes- tant. He always had an aptitude for other people's points President of the Evangelical Congress of Havana of view, even as a student back in 1892 when I first came in 1929; he .attended the Lakeville Conference of to know him well. … He knew the whole "Who's Who the Presbyterian Foreign Board held in June, of Brazil," and was, as a Vice-president of the Republic 1931, and played an influential part in the discus- once said, "mais acatado" (accepted with friendliness and sions there on the relations of mission and church. respected for character and intelligence) more than any Dr. Braga saw clearly that the merging of mission other man of his acquaintance.

and church, as many native leaders advocate, with In the sphere of the church, of education, in the continuance of foreign subsidy to this merged or- world field of cooperative enterprise, Dr. Braga ganization, was not the right solution of the prob- made his contribution and served his generation lem, and tactfully but fearlessly advocated the de- wisely and well. "He was a man, take him all in velopment of mission and church on parallel and all. We shall not look upon his like again."

distinct lines, each to administer its own funds But many of us who knew him remember him given by its own constituency, with a cooperative not as a minister, or as an educator, or as a leader or liaison committee or group to work out adjust- in cooperation, but as a friend whom we trusted

ERASMO BRAGA OF BRAZIL

and loved. Strong, wise, full of grace, Erasmo some weeks before his death, both he and his wife Braga drew men to him in friendship that was were ill. Death took Mrs. Braga on April 19th, deep and true and lasting. He was .an ideal com- three weeks before his own death. In a letter, panion, ready to enjoy the simple felicities of the written April 29th, he wrote in answer to a mesday and to share in the experiences of the common sage of sympathy in the loss which he had sustask as a true comrade and friend. tained: "Our sufferings have given us an oppor- tunity to witness for the Eternal Hope to a large Through all his service, in church, in school, in circle of relatives and friends." his cooperative capacities, as a friend, Erasmo Braga was a true witness for Christ. Dr. Braga's earthly ministry has ended, but his spirit lives on in school and church in Brazil, and In the Covenant Compam'on, published in Brazil, in ute wider circle of those in many lands who in October, 1929, an article summed up this dis- came to know him, who gained through him a tinctive spirit of his service: truer and more vivid understanding of the beloved community of the Church Universal, and of the For Latin America as a whole, no man today means One who is its Lord and its Light, before Whom more in the interest of making Jesus Christ known, loved, one day, that Church, in the building of which Dr. believed or followed, than Professor Erasmo Braga, whose Braga has had such a vital part, will be presented father learned to know the way of Life Eternal from the faultless with exceeding joy. fragments of a Bible used for wrapping paper in the early days of the pioneers in Brazil.

He was a witness clear through to the end. For An Egyptian Convert from Islam A CHRISTIAN effendi and a sheikh from EI mud read the Sermon on the Mount. When he Azhar University in Cairo took shelter to- read it he found notes from the donor: "Pray for gether in a shop during a shower of rain. those who despitefully use you"-"I pray for you Before they parted the effendi gave the sheikh a daily." And so on. card inviting him to a lecture at the C. M. S. student center. Attracted by the idea of meeting the Six months after he had broken up the discuseffendi again, Sheikh Mahmud went to the lecture sion meeting Mahmud, now convinced of the truth and made his first contact with Douglas Thornton of Christianity, had to make his decision. It is and Temple Gairdner. almost impossible to conceive what that decision involved. On the one side was training in Con- As a boy, when Mahmud was attending the stantinople as a lawyer-an assured position, great Moslem school in the Temple area (in Jeru- property, honor; on the other-a loneliness we can salem) he discovered in his father's house a copy only imagine, outcasting from family and home of a book forbidden throughout the Turkish Empire-"Sweet Firstfruits." He read it from cover and country, dishonor, persecution, disinheritance to cover, again and again. This was his first -and Christ. Mahmud himself tells the story of touch with Christian truth. How his father, a that night of decision: bigoted and orthodox Moslem, a teacher in the Haram, had become possessed of this book is a Mr. Gairdner called Mr. Thornton, and we three prayed mystery. together. Perhaps only about three times in my life have I prayed with the certainty of faith, and that was one. After the first lecture in Cairo Mahmud went Mr. Gairdner said: "I will say the words, and you shall regularly to the meetings. On one occasion he say them after me. .. 0 Lord, what shall I do? Enbrought twenty Azhari students with him for the lighten my eyes that I may perceive the best course, the express purpose of breaking up the meeting. The best for soul, the best for conscience." Even while I subject was the Crucifixion, and when Mahmud was speaking my heart was filled with a great glow of leaped to his feet calling on all true Moslems to love and I saw shining on the wall the word Al Masih show their abhorrence of the teaching, the meet- (Christ) . ing was broken up as most of those present followed him out. Then Mr. Gairdner said: 'Now we won't talk to one another. You go away and get God's guidance without Imagine his astonishment when, after this rude talking to any human being, and I shall stay here and behavior, Douglas Thornton came and invited him pray for you.' to come every week! I went back to the Azhar (university mosque) and took Douglas Thornton and Temple Gairdner spent my daily ration of bread. Then I went to 'the lodgings, themselves for him during the months that fol- which I shared with several others. I took out my father's lowed. A typical touch was the gift of aNew letters and spread them before me. I took the Koran and Testament from Gairdner on condition that Mah- Injil (Gospel) and. I read them in turns. When the others came in, I was in a muse. They asked me to a party in another room. I said: "No! My thoughts are burdened tonight. Leave me." The two sides of the question kept surging in upon me. How could I face poverty, as I must, if I were a Christian? But how could I deny Christ?

Why not follow Christ secretly and outwardly comply? For a fully qualified sheikh of EI Azhar the But Thornton and Gairdner said that was only laughing at convert's usual problem of employment did not Christ. occur. Rather did it add lustre to the mission schools that their Arabic master was so qualified. At last I prayed exactly as a man does who is speaking For twenty-five years Sheikh Bulus has faithfully to his fellow. I said to Christ, as though He were at the taught both in the boys' and girls' schools in Cairo-a picturesque figure in his sheikh's robes other side of my bed: "Guide me Thou, 0 Christ, if Thou which he always wore. art Lord." It needed the endless patience and humility of It was night, and I slept after that. It seems to me as Gairdner to hold on to Sheikh Bulus during the if I saw in sleep the faces of Thornton and Gairdner and years of adjustment and struggle. The story is another that 1 knew was the face of Christ. one of ups and downs, of falls and conquests. It is, too, a record of faithful service and of loyalty Suddenly I awoke, hearing a voice say: "Mahmud, rise to Christ, a loyalty that never wavered. up, there is light for thee. Fear not." I thought my comrade, Sheikh Ahmad, had called to me, but he was sleep- His position in the Old Cairo Church strengthing. Then a man in white passed me and swished me ened, and perhaps it was the memory of the with his robe, saying again: 'Mahmud, rise up, there is "father" God gave him in Douglas Thornton that light for thee. Fear not.''' It happened a third time, and inspired his efforts to befriend converts. What- I was left trembling all over. At last 1 said: "0 Christ, ever the motive it is a fact that his was one of the Thou art my Lord." few Christian homes always open to converts, and there he and his wife (herself a convert) let it be My one thought was to meet Thornton and Gairdner. known that "our house is a home for converts." When I went to them, Gairdner said: "Now you who were Saul are Paul (Bulus)," and kissed my forehead. After- Always eager and impetuous he threw himself wards I learned they had taken no supper but had stayed heart and soul into the care and teaching of intill three o'clock praying for me-till about the time of quirers, especially when the student center was remy vision. opened in Cairo. No effort was too much-his heart and his home were always open to them. Loneliness came on me terribly on the night after my baptism. That is always a hard time, when all the calls of So well did Bulus like this work that he longed the old life sound in a man's ears and he has not yet rooted to give up teaching in school and to devote his himself in the new. I could not sleep that night. At whole time to evangelism. He was still a young eleven o'clock, Mr. Gairdner saw a light under my door man-only forty-six years of age-and had apparand called out: "Bulus!" "1 can't sleep," I said. He ently years of valuable service still to give when came in and saw me miserable and said: "I'll stay with he was taken ill and in five days (in June, 1931) you a little while." Then he began to read to me out of he had passed on to join those who had brought missionary papers about some boys in Uganda who had him into the fellowship of his Lord. suffered everything for Christ. He read in English and told me in Arabic what he read. I saw that others had -Church Missionary Outlook. left all for Christ. At twelve o'clock he said: "Now you had better sleep." The war was not over in my soul and I said: "1 can't." Then he said: "Very well, I have a proposal. You lie down on your bed and shut your eyes, and I will sit on this chair beside you and go on reading to you. 1 promise to stay with you till you sleep." At first 1 could not keep my eyes shut, but every time 1 opened them he put his hand gently over them until at last 1 slept.

Unexpected Testimony Professor Julian Huxley, describing a visit to East Africa, writes: Perhaps the most striking impression I take away from Kampala is of a service in the Church of Eng- land Cathedral. Five or six hundred natives; a choir of fifty who sang a Bach Chorale with great feeling; a sermon which I longed to understand by Ham Mukasa, one of the aristocracy of the native kingdom, a noble-faced old man who has twice been to England, and has written a book about his travels there.

One is reminded of Charles Darwin's visit to the Church Missionary Society station at Waimate. He wrote: The lesson of the missionary is the enchanter's wand. . . And to think that this was in the centre of cannibalism, murder and all atrocious crimes! . . . 1 took leave of the missionaries with thankfulness for their kind welcome, and with feeling of high respect for their gentlemanlike, useful and upright char- acters. It would be difficult to find a body of men better adapted for the high office which they fulfill.

It is a long stretch of time from 1835, when Charles Darwin wrote of the work of the Church Missionary Society in New Zealand, to 1930 when Professor Huxley writes of the work in Uganda. The work.in New Zealand is now in charge of a Maori Bishop. The work in Uganda is still the responsibility of the Church Missionary Society.

The Uganda story is one of heroic sacrifices and of wonderful results. When Bishop Chambers visited Uganda he was so impressed by what he saw there that he made it his prayer that Tanganyika would be transformed by the power of the Gospel as Uganda has been.

-Church Missionary Gleaner.

Ways of

Tested Methods for Incr~asing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO THE AUTUMN KEYNOTE shade beneath, to guide the of white, green, yellow or red.

Whatever increases receptiv- April folk. June had orange At the sounding of the luncheon ity for our missionary message is ,veIl worth cultivating, blossoms, July its patriotic fea- call, guests found their way to though not to the extent of lowering the tone of the mes- tures, November its turkey and whatever table bore the same sage. In any department of church activity, you will find ingathered grain, December its color decoration as themselves. your audience rising to the keynote of seasonal appropriate- tiny tree and bells, and so on The winter table centered on a ness. Home-coming functions, receptions for newcomers in the around the year. Everyone was Christmas tree, with pure white missionary organization, harvest home festivals and out- well 'introduced by the time the candles, tiny sleds on cotton door gatherings turned to missionary uses, the stressing of groups were assembled; but to snow, etc.; the spring table was fresh beginnings and advanced plans-these all fit into Septem- make doubly sure, the persoll exquisite in green, with beds ber and October, the latter being the month in which the who first located her natal of artificial daffodils, tulips and average missionary organization musters its 'forces for a headguarters had to welcome narcissus; the summer table new year's work. In this connection, the outline for a recep- the next, these two the next, was stunning with yellow tion to newcomers given in the May number of THE REVIEW and so on until an atmosphere candles and a patriotic centeradapts itself to autumnal use. of cordiality and good cheer piece, and the autumn table was Welcome Home Parties had been created. Then the the beauty spot of the room, A resume of this plan, given in THE REVIEW several years hostess announced that as' this with its red candles, bright ago, may prove timely. The hostess announced that all guests was the cook's day off, guests leaves of many shades, and a born in January were to assemble in a spot in the room which must prepare the repast. .THnu- Jack-o-Iantern center. they must find by its appropriateness, and so on through the ary had to cut the bread, A hostess in corresponding rest of the calendar. Then ensued a lively search for birth- February to make one sort of attire was seated at each table, month headquarters. January proved easily recognizable from sandwiches and March another, a blushing bride and groom a sheet of new resolutions and other decorations, hung in one June must concoct the cocoa, honoring the spring group. corner of the large room. February had an abundance of etc. After all were seated, the The missionary organization snow and ice, pictures of Lincoln, Washington, etc. On hostess tapped a bell and said, personified was the general a chandelier hung an umbrella with both overshoes and sun- "The sandwiches, please, April" hostess, her table having a – at which the Aprilites birthday cake centrally placed.

trooped off to serve that item- One or more jingle-gifted per- and thus the merry meal pro- sons were seated at each table gressed. Each group was re- to reel out rhymes reminiscent quired to evolve a limerick or of the organization's past, or jingle on the subject of its fraught with optimistic feJicita- birth-month, the most popular .tions for its future. The table being given a blue ribbon. It groups broke out from time to was then announced that the time in appropriate music- divisions would stand for the "Jingle Bells" at the winter year, and that the programs table, "0 Promise Me" in the would be presented accordingly, spring gathering, etc. After the January group giving the the cutting of the cake with its program in that month and so good wishes specific to the or- on. ganization, a talented speaker The Hyde Park Baptist set forth the goals and ideals Church, in Chicago, also had of the denomination for the its autumnal rally in the form opening year, and another well- of a birthday party. At the informed speaker followed ex- entrance the mystified guests ploiting the program of study were compelled to yield the and service planned for the so- secret of their natal day (not ciety. Earnest prayer foc'

the year!), each then having guidance and power to actuate pinned upon her a dainty favor the plans closed a meeting [495 ]

begun in merriment but ended a good hunt, on trees, bushes, that time we will start on a fall and winter cruise, visiting many countries in information, inspiration and decorations, etc., or on their indeep seriousness of purpose. door counterparts if the out- en route. We will touch at a number door function is not practicable. of ports and explore the country round about. Be on hand on Rally Autumn Parties Have guests work singly or in Day to help launch the boat. En- twos, giving a year's subscrip- closed is a round-trip ticket. Please One such missionary gather- tion to THE REVIEW to the per- fill in with your name and address ing, held in October, had deco- son having the nearest complete and bring it with you on Rally Day rations of chrysanthemums and list of questions and answers so that you can start on the cruise gaily colored leaves, its title with us. Arrangements have been being, "Autumn Gleanings." Red cardboard apples made in a given time. Summer or made for picking up new passengers covers for booklets inside of autumn music, with suitable re- who may wish to come aboard after freshments, will make this a which were pasted pictures of very attractive social-mission- the cruise has started. some definite missionaries or Our offering on Rally Day will be fields, with corresponding information clipped from THE for – – . We have set as our goal REVIEW and denominational pUblications, placed alongside. ary event to rally the new or the sum of $—. Please bring the These apples were presently opened and served successively uninterested. enclosed envelope with your offering by different young people read- An autumn Christmas tree ing and displaying the contents. and help us reach our goal. Walnuts with questions inside for the purpose of assembling were at the places at the ensu- gifts for some worker on a dis- This boat trip will not interfere ing luncheon. These had to be tant foreign field is a further "cracked" and answered. rallying function for the first with the regular work of our school; autumn meeting. A harvest home rally in Octo- each class will continue to have its ber was gaily decorated with The calendar plan is often fruits, flowers and grain of the instituted in September or Oc- regular lesson period. Many of our season and had its music of old tober, one person being apfolk songs furnished by a quar- teachers took special courses during tet in costume. The program pointed to represent the miscentered on "The Christian sionary year, nine or ten o~ers the summer better to fit them for their Home," with devotionals on the the months of missionary-prohome of Mary and Martha, and gram observance, each month work, and we have reason to hope that brief talks on the missionary's having four personified weeks, each week seven human days, our school will grow in numbers and a penny a day being the toll from each person. (Otherwise enthusiasm and in knowledge of, the each member of this human calendar is asked to earn and great Guide Book which we all are turn in a dollar for missionary benevolences. ) studying. The motto selected for the coming year is: Only out· best is good enough for Christ.

Let each one memorize it and live it.

Then Sunday School will be what our Divine Pilot would have it.

The program for Rally Day was built around the idea of an ocean trip, and to give atmos- phere to the voyage, the plat- form had been decorated to resemble a ship. The songs used were: . "Jesus, Saviour, home on the various fields in Pilot Me," "Let the Lower which the organization was in- RALLY DAY IN THE SUNDAY Lights Be Burning," etc. Paul's SCHOOL* shipwreck and rescue was the terested, as an opportunity and Scripture story; "Our Chart an object lesson among the non- Many missionary programs and Compass in Life" the sub- Christian natives. The improve- ject of a brief address by the ment in native homes after nowadays are built around the pastor. their inmates became Christian figure of a world tour or ocean was another fertile topic. A cruise. Here is one which is Announcement was made home mission dramatization calculated to give the Church that the missionary cruise was and a luncheon inclusive of School a fine start at its first starting and that China would parched corn and other au- autumn meeting. It was used be the first port of call, and tummiJ Indian features closed in the Concord Presbyterian that other countries would be School at Carrick, Pennsyl- visited during the winter. the meeting. A missionary garden party vania. Two weeks later, in the clos- Five days before Rally Day, ing exercises of the school the furnishes a good opening in the daughter of a missionary in fall, and may be used to famili- a letter similar to the one be- China gave a fine talk, illusarize guests with newly elected low was mailed to every mem- trated with curios, on the part officers at annual gatherings ber of the Church School: falling during the summer, Dear Friend; of China in which she had lived N ow that summer is over and vacanew plans by the denomination for a number of years. Several for the opening year, names of tion a thing of the past, we are look- weeks later, a pretended land- ing .forward with enthusiasm to the the new study books, etc. Type fall and winter work. As a member ing in India was made and a a considerable list of the de- of – – Sunday School you will, of native Hindu in a near-by uni- course, be interested in its plans for sired questions on slips of the coming months. versity gave a talk with profuse paper, their answers being on illustrations of curios. A young separate slips. Pin these suf- September 25th is Rally Day. At Egyptian from a theological ficiently far apart to necessitate seminary not far away effected • Copyright, The Duplex Envelope Company, Richmond, Va, Abridged.

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

the fifteen-minute landing in Unrivaled in natural beauty 3. Public schools Egypt that had been previously Cosmopolitan Developing cooperation in Govannounced. And thus all dur- The Indian's place in it ing the winter the "landing fea- ernment schools tures" were used in the closing 2. The Indian's contribution to the 4. Religious education in Governassembly period. world ment schools OUTLINE STUDIES OF "IN- Trails along which the United 5. Mission schools and their influ- DIAN AMERICANS" States expanded ence By MRS. B. P. HEUENER Lure of the out-of-doors Aim-to make citizens "with the Foods Baptist,,,Missionary Education Heritage of beauty finger print of God" Se~etary for Illinois Devotionals: The Christian Student. Devotionals: Our Joint Heritage of These studies-greatly con- Religious Inspiration. Eph. 6: 8, 9; Provo 4:5; Romans 12:2; 2 Tim. densed on account of space limitations-were presented by Romans 8:14, 16, 17; 10:12. 2:15. Mrs. Heubner in the Normal Supplementary Suggestions: S1tpplementary Suggestions: Course on Home Missions, at Lake Geneva Interdenomina- Prepare list of Indian names in Name and locate Indian schools tional School of Missions last summer. Their aim was (1) your own or a neighboring of your denomination to provide a guide in the teach- state, with historical connec- Impersonations in dialog form er-training course of that tion where possible. school; (2) to furnish material One or more choice legends told. of students from government, for later mission study groups public and mission· schools, in local churches; (3) to serve Two menus incorporating as as the basis of programs in discussing relative advantages both senior and young people's many Indian foods as possible. groups. Room decorated with samples of and disadvantages of their re- Text: Indian Americans, by Indian art. spective schools Winifred Hulbert. Special assignments on such A day in a Government school- A uxiliary Helps: Meriam- themes as "The Place of Mu- may be impersonation of Hinman's "Facing the Future .sic in the Indians' Life"; in Indian Missions"; "The Moc- teacher casin Trail," by. Bruce Kin- phonograph records of such A day in a mission school ney; "Leaders' Manual," by music; readings of Indian Assigned talks on Bacone Col- Elizabeth Mann Clark; books of Indian legends, music and poems or translations; "Story lege or Santee Normal Trainpoetry; magazine articles as in- of Sacajawea," from "The dicated in the successive les- Bird Woman," by Schults. ing School, on education for sons. THE MISSIONARY REVIEW preservation of Indian culture OF THE WORLD, July-August, Topic for Discnssion: Should mission 1932. schools be continued?* Aim: (1) To secure a knowl- CH!PTER II-E PLURIBUS UNUM CHAPTER IV-FACING 14 COMPETITIVE edge of present conditions among American Indians; (2) A.im: To realize the adjustments to WORLD to recognize and assume the responsibility of every Christian American life necessary to be made Aim: To understand the Indian's individual toward these Indians. by Indians. problems of adjustment to the pre- Keynote: "In the America Topics: that was ours before it was vailing civilization; to recognize yours, we desire to take our 1. Changing attitudes place in the ranks of Christian and assume the Christian's opporcitizenship." (From address of 2. The Indian no relic of the past tunity to help in solving them. Indians to President Coolidge Growing race versus tribal con- Topics: at Pine Ridge Agency, August 17, 1927.) sciousness 1. Looking for a job CHAPTER I-A HOMELAND SHARED 3. Out of many tribes, one race In Indian service; in white Aim of Session: To recognize our cul- 4. Out of many races, one nation world; on reservation tural and spiritual as well as our material heritage from the Indians. 5. Old ways and new days 2. From Stone Age to Machine Age Aim of adjustments-to produce at a step Topics: 1. The land which the Indians highest type of citizen E con 0 m i c adjustments-ex- shared Means-Government, mlSSIOns, change, citizenship obliga- touch of average white life tions, occupations open Devotionals: International Citizen- Social adjustments – initiative ship. Book of Ruth. lacking; prejudice to be over- Supplementary Suggestions: come; problems in city life; Map drill locating tribes service of Y.M.C.A. and In- Spell-down on tribal names dian Office Game of jumbled tribal names 3. The Church's opportunity Story of "The Trail of Tears" Devo tionals: In the world but not of Study of distinctive and com- it. John 17:8-17. mon tribal customs Supplementa1'y Suggestions: Roll call of pioneer missionaries 1. Roll call of Indians known in to Indians '. history Question for Discussion: How far 2. Talk, "Citizenship privileges of will intermarriage with whites aid Indians" in adjustment to American civiliza- 3. "The White Man's Book of tion? Heaven" speech (in play, "Two Thousand Miles for a CHAPTER III-TOOLS FOR THE FUTURE Book" and in Indian Office Aim: To discover the strong features Bulletin for 1928; No.8) in every type of school. To face the 4. Survey of your city or locality problems involved in making citi- to discover number of In- zens "with the finger print of God." dians, their living accommoda- Topics: tions, social and recreational 1. Education and student problems advantages and church affilia- Learning a trade tions Financing a higher education Discussion Topic: If you lived in a Winning a place in the modern . section where there were Indians world and had positions to offer, to which 2. Government schools today would you give preference-Indians Aim-to educate to make a liv- * (See Indian Office Bulletins of Education ing and to become citizens Division; ah::,o Prof"feSsi'L'e Educatim, Feb, Recent improvements 1[132.)

or whites? How can we touch the Devotionals: God the Creator and The next meeting is desig- lives of some Indian young people? Guiding Spirit. Mal. 2: 10, Rev. nated "A Look Around"-' "Look not every man to his CHAPTER V-AT HOME IN THE INDIAN 4:11; Is. 58:11; Ps. 37:5. own things but also to the Supplementary Suggestions: things of others." Migrant COUNTRY work in the homeland is to be 1. Map locating the missions of considered. Aim: To see the Indian student in your denomination. his home environment; to discover "Look unto Him," with a means of making the home envir- 2. Roll call-name, location and home-coming address by the onment safe and progressive toward type of service of a mission- pastor, is the theme of the third "the abundant life." ary to Indians, in your de- nomination. mabneeidentgi,nwg"e,TreihtesyliSglcohrotiekpnetedudr.e'-~,k-.e, yT"n'hTo!etn.e. Topics: 1. The student back among his peo- 3. Comparison of health safeguards comes "A Look Across the Sea" ple in average American and av- -"Go ye therefore and teach 2. Home viewpoints erage Indian communities. all nations." This will give op- 3. Constructive plans for the fu- portunity for a review of the ture 4. Impersonation of Steve Quones- study book on China, which is Legal protection tiwa. (See "Moccasin Trail," to be studied in all the circles Improved reservation system Chapter 9.) of the organization. Removal of evil white influence (See Home Mission Congress state- "Look and Praise"-"Let us Devotionals: Newness of Life. Eph. ment, Congress Report.) offer the sacrifices of praise to 4:21-24. God continually," will be the GENERAL PROJECTS FOR THE COURSE theme for the November meet- Supple7nentary Suggestions: ing, which will feature a pag- 1. Discussion topics: That Indians 1. Comparison of Indian proverbs eant and praise gifts. . should be encouraged to per- form at rodeos, at fairs and and teachings with similar Scrip- "A Look Inward"-"Examine for tourists. How can the In- yourselves"-heralds a mission- dian's heritage of culture be tural references. ary magazine presentation. made significant to him? What contribution can Christian 2. Study of Indian legends for simi- "A Look Up," on the keynote missions make toward the of Luke 21 :28, is in celebra- wise use of enforced or nat- larity in Old Testament stories. tion of the World's Day of ural leisure? Prayer. 2. Debate: Resolved, That the Res- 3. Detailed sketch of work of one of ervation System Should Be "Look to Thy Neighbor," Abolished. your own missions. Matt. 19 :19, agam will afford 3. Assignments: The desirable and opportunity for a review on the undesirable aspects of tri- 4. Prepare a play for public presen- Indian study book. bal holidays or ceremonial trips. How be adapted to tation (see Elizabeth Mann Clark's "Look to the Harvest," Matt. good purposes? Class member 9 :37, with a survey of world investigate and report what Leaders' Manual and denomina- mission fields, will close this measures relative to the In- dians are before Congress. tional catalogues for names of unique series. Write your congressmen, in- plays). .• dividually or in a group. Where We Place the Emphasis Consult the Indian Rights As- 5. Secure local or missionary speaker sociation, 995 Drexel Build- of authority to address church. Each year $750,000,000 is ing, Philadelphia. spent for cosmetics, perfumes 6. Stereopticon lectures on Indian life (See "Literary Digest," Aug. 3, 1929 and creams. -"The Plight of the Educated In- and missions. $350,000,000 for soft drinks. dian." $300,000,000 for beautiful 7. Prepare an "Indian Night" for Also "Atlantic Monthly," Dec., 1929- furs. "Yours Lovingly" whole church at close of study. $500,000,000 for jewels. Nov., 1931-"Two Insurgents" See Clark's Manual for instruc- $800,000,000 for cigarettes. tions. Readings from "Kiowa," by $250,000,000 for ice cream CHAPTER VI-AN INDIAN ApPROACH Isabel Crawford. 8. Public Debates. and cakes. TO GOD $100,000,000 for candies. 9. Carryon correspondence with mis- $200,000,000 for chewing gum. A itn: To face the problems and as- And from each dollar people sume the responsibility involved sionary in your own denomination. in cooperating with the Indians in have, 75 per cent of a cent goes developing a truly Christian envir- Note: "Topics" in the foregoing for the Lord's work. onment. outlines may become the basis for talks, impersonations, dramatizations, "Less than a cent, 0 keepers of gold, Topics: With houses and lands and riches un- news items, "Living Magazines" or told; 1. Truths from Indians' past; sim- "Newspapers Come to Life" (cover- Less than a cent-it cannot be ilarities to Christians' truths. ing subject matter) or any other rep- That is the way you divided with me." 2. The Indian and the Christian '. utable means of popularizing the ma- Church. terial. Dominant problems-securing an education; deep, practical SOME POINTERS FOR PRO- religious belief; health stand- GRAM MAKERS ards; self-respecting economic standards; wholesome and The First Baptist Church of sufficient recreational activi- Wichita, Kansas, has worked ties; appreciation of citizen- out its year's programs from ship and opportunity to prac- the keyword "Look," using the tise it; training of Christian Scripture theme, "Eyes they leaders. have, but see not." (Query; 3. Through brotherhood to God- Should this not be balanced Indian contribution. with a positive passage instead of resting upon a negative?) The first meeting is entitled, "A Look Forward," this being an introduction to the new offi- cers and a preview of the year's endeavor. Its motif 'is, "No man, having put his hand to the plow and looking back, is fit for the Kingdom of Heaven." The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEES HOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK WITH THE PEA PICKERS crop is one of the earliest crops Contract labor is used in By EVA BARNES, R. N. of the spring, many come from peas. A man, usually a Mexi- the cotton fields to pick and, as can or Porto Rican, will con- a result, there were about tract with the grower to pkk "Oh, I know her; she's our thirty families whom I knew in his peas. He brings in the peonurse we had while we were in the cotton and about fifteen pIe and pays them and he is cotton," and dark eyes sparkled others who had lived in cotton the "boss." Many contractors in friendly recognition as the camps in the San Joaquin Val- agree to pick peas for several well-known "Chevy" stopped ley, outside of the district in of the growers. This system before a row of twenty or which I had worked. The peo- makes it more difficult to bring twenty-five rather dilapidated pIe were surprised and very the work to the attention of the looking tents pitched on the much 'pleased to find that the grower. The growers with bank 6f a wide ravine down nurse had come to peas also. whom contact was made were which trickled a little stream This gave a certain continuity pleased with what was being of water. While the other chil- to the work started in the fall. done. Another disadvantage is dren looked at the stranger In visiting camps, it was most that the grower feels no rerather curiously and with not a interesting to find friends and sponsibility -for the people who little suspicion, Margarita, who to be welcomed by a friendly he feels belong entirely to the had migrated with her family smile and word of recognition. contractor. The latter feels that in a rickety Ford car some 175 In only one section of a camp he must make as much as posmiles from cotton to peas, were there no familiar faces sible from the people and he jumped upon the running board found. Here a large number of is not so interested in their of the car and exclaimed joy- gypsies of Roumanian-Serbian well-being. This is particularly fully, "We didn't think you'd descent had settled for the crop true this year when everyone come to peas, too, but we're season. To me they were very is trying to "get by" with the sure glad to see you .for my interesting as it was the first least possible expenditure. little brother, Juanito, the one time I had met them. They As the season lasts from four that had the awful burn and were quite distinct from their to six weeks, the camps are you took care of him 'til it was Mexican neighbors in the same only temporary, the people all well, he's got hiedra (poison camp; their brightly colored, bringing their own tents. The oak) and his face all swell up. usually of flowered material, camp site is selected in a level Look, Nurse, it all down by the full, long skirts and consider- space or along a ravine under creek where we go to get water able jewelry served to dif- the trees. The latter location and wood," and she pointed ferentiate thern at a, glance. is cooler and pleasanter, but down into the wide and shady They did not appear to be as poison oak is' found in abunravine where ten or twelve destitute as the Mexican mi- dance. Margarita's brother was other tents were pitched. grants. Their tents were larger not the only one whose "face Due to the fact that only two and made of more durable ma- was all swell up." Some had of the canneries of the Sacra- terial and they had beds and it more, some less. Many were mento Delta District opened the very elaborate bedspreads. The the calls for medicine to soothe early part of April, it was pos- gypsies also had better care. the itching and burning. _sible this spring to open a new They had come from various Many times an extra "room" work in Washington Township parts of California. Most of was built onto the tent from in Southern Alameda County, the adults were American-born. cartons, corrugated tin, old California. This region, which Their native language was pieces of lumber, etc. In some is but a short distance from the Roumanian although they did instances families lived in old San Francisco East Bay Dis- speak English fairly well. At barns which had been made trict, is becoming an increas- first they were inclined to look fairly habitable. It was rather ingly important center for the with a little suspicion on the interesting to find that the pea industry. Here many hun- nurse but when they found she better and more thrifty Mexidreds of acres of hills and low- was their friend and had come . can families who had come lands are planted with peas to help them, they were most from the cotton camps, where which are picked by means of cordial and always ready to they were accustomed to houses, migratory labor. As the pea welcome her. did manage to make enough or [499 ] had saved a little to enable time; my sister catch cold and ing in the peas is a real probthem to rent a house or build- she been very sick in the throat lem. ing which had formerly been since then," the older brother used for a barn or garage, but explained. They had been un- Wages for picking peas have which was better than a tent. able to take her to the doctor decreased greatly in the last For this they paid from five to as they had just arrived that few years .as in other seasonal ten dollars a month. Others paid day and had no money. crops. In some sections in 1930 one dollar a month for the the pickers received one dollar privilege of putting their tent Instructions were left to for a hamper which holds about in the back yard of some pri- make the little sufferer more thirty-two pounds. In 1931 they vate residence. In the regular comfortable and in a few days received thirty-five cents and camps no charge was made. All the swelling subsided and she this year only twenty cents, a camps were inspected by the was much better. few contractors paying only Housing and Immigration Com- eighteen cents. Even at that, mission and the contractors "You bring us more 'papeIi- a fairly good picker could make were forced to make the tos' (little papers) 7" a group from seventy-five cents to one camp conform with state of boys and girls asked conregulations. dollar a day and the com- "LITTLE MOTHERS" bined earnings of the fam- In the section there DOING THE I~AMILY WASHING ily were more than in cotwere about 1,200 people. The majority of these stantly. As some primary Sun- ton. As the work was were Mexicans, but there day school papers were given steady until just about the were a good many Porto out, they were seized eagerly close of the season when Ricans and a few white while one boy assured us they did not pick some American and R u s s ian proudly, "I can read; I in the days at all or for only a fa mil i e s. Eight large high fourth." The papers with few hours, there was not camps were visited regu- brightly colored pictures were the actual destitution and larly and five smaller ones carefully reserved for the sick privation there was in the occasionally, as well as children or for those who had cotton. This was due in many transient families to be "cured" in some way. great part to the weather. living in Decoto. Three Very few of the children went As long as there was hundred and one health and to school. As the season was steady work, they got forty-one other calls were made short, the schools did not want along fairly well and had throughout the season; one hun- them particularly for they dred and thirty-four patients hardly got started when they enough for necessities but little were treated and thirty-eight were gone. Most of the camps for extras. Several told me the were advised. Minor illnesses were about two and one-half children had no shoes and could such as sore throats, sore eyes, miles from the school and in not go to school. There were a colds, toothaches, swollen and in- this state no child can be forced few calls for clothes. flamed glands, intestinal dis- to go to school more than two orders, boils, poison oak and miles if transportation is not As the peas are early in this minor injuries such as cuts and provided. None of the schools section, many of the people miburns, were found and cared for. provided transportation. I fear grate from here to the coast in Skin diseases such as impetigo, that in some of the camps the the vicinity of Half Moon Bay scabies and ring worm, were contractor 'placed his 'camp just and also farther south where prevalent but cleared up under beyond the two-mile limit so he there are late peas. While only proper treatment. There were would not have to send the chil- a small beginning was made in a few cases of pneumonia. dren to school. The atten- this region this year, contact Mothers were advised as to diet dance officer said the children was made with several interfor babies, and pre-natal advice would not be allowed to pick ested groups in nearby cities and literature were given ex- during school hours, but this which will help put the work on pectant mothers. The work was rule was not adhered to. School- a more permanent footing in appreciated by the people and the future and will help to open in practically all cases they gave up new avenues of service in good cooperation. this community. Several friends from Oakland were taken to In one camp a girl was found the camps and their interest was greatly stimulated. There with a bath towel wrapped was fine cooperation between local health centers and local around her neck. She could doctors. Many new friends were scarcely speak due to a severe made and old friends found. and case of tonsilitis. "While we in practically every camp there were coming over the moun- were those whose faces lighted tains, our car break down; it up with pleasure when they was very cold in the night found "La Nurse" had followed them to peas.

W orld·'wide

~,,~~A ~ Miss~ iona~ ry N~ ewsp~ ape~ r of ~ Curr~ ent E~ ven~ ts ~~~ JAPAN-CHOSEN The steady spiritual progress Again have I become the child of an .aching heart Newspaper Evangelism among her people has not re- Four years ago there were six ceived so much attention. Dr. Carrying the burden of Japan's D. C. Holtom, a Baptist mis- crime, centers of newspaper evangel- sionary, reports from Tokyo: Begging pardon of China and of the world ism in Japan; at present there "In the presence of distress at With a shattered soul,- are thirty. Last year more than home, and abroad, the Christian Again am I .a child of sadness.

10,000 men and women, having Church has preserved a steady- Korea Keeps in Step seen the articles or advertise- ing and constructive attitude. There are some 2,600 Presbyments, wrote to inquire more In the face of the stimulation terian congregations in Korea, about Christianity. They came of the military ideal through with 160,000 or more believers. from every prefecture and col- the repercussion on the national ony in the Japanese Empire, mind -of events in Manchuria Since January reports tell of and also from China, Borneo, and Shanghai, the church has churches doubling their memand the South Seas. Many have found opportunity to uphold been baptized and are now as- with a new boldness the idea bership, new groups started, new buildings erected, an excel- lent spirit everywhere, all partsociated with a Christian con- of peace. It has been driven ly the result of the Forward gregation. There are 500 mem- by the financial urge to find Movement initiated last fall. bers of the New Life Society in new and greater resources of The Sunday School Associadirect touch by correspondence the Spirit. The 'Kingdom of with the Tokyo office. Many God Movement,' has brought tion of Korea conducts a Bible the forces of the Gospel aginteresting letters are continual- gressively into contact with Correspondence Course and ly received, telling of changed over 4,000 people have p.aid the equivalent of a day's wages for lives, and the joy of Christian hundreds of thousands of men the New Testament booklet and experience. and women throughout the questions, or two days' wages Helping Japan's Farmers land. It has undertaken a for the Old Testament. Two strong program of training lay hundred and sixty-nine men at- Five years ago Kagawa's first leaders; of re-directing the in- tended the six weeks' Bible In- "Japan Far mer's Gospel ner life through national evan- stitute in Pyengyang, all at gelistic campaigns; of bringing School" was opened. Two hun- both material and spiritual re- their own expense. Women who lief to the hard-pressed rural attend the ten-day Bible classes dred such schools are now be- communities through the pro- walk an average of ten to thirty ing held. The daily program motion of Peasant Gospel miles, some farther. They eat Schools; and of deepening the and sleep all those days in acute begins with flag-raising, to the spiritual life among the Chris- discomfort, but they take back strains of the Kimigayo, fol- into the life of their little counlowed by a hymn and prayer, breakfast dishes, a Bible lecture, and then the demonstra- tian groups themselves through try villages the thrill of the tions of agricultural experts. an intelligent program of Chris- great assembly. Heart to heart talks .on the tian education. In the total na- A magazine, Woman's Opin- tional life of Japan the leader- Christian life have resulted in ship of the Christian Church ion, proves that Korea is no some decisions. One of the stu- has never been more vigorous longer only a man's country. dents wrote: "I am joyfully re- than during the past year." membering and putting in prac- -The Presbyterian. tice what I learned at the – Watchman-Examiner. school. In the evening father, ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC mother, and I sit in the warmth Kagawa's Poem on Japan's of the quilts over the brazier, Attack on China Gains in Malaya The Malaya Annual Confer- and I retell to them what I Toyohiko Kagawa wrote a ence of the Methodist Episcopal heard at the school and wrote poem entitled, "Child of an Church reported last year a net down in my notebook." Aching Heart," at the time of gain of membership of 15.7 per -Congreg(ttionaHst. the Sino-Japanese incident in cent. In the Philippine Islands, Signs of Spiritual Progress Shanghai. The poem was in-' with a decreased missionary ap- cluded in a "Peace Bulletin of propriation and a very small Japan's military adventures the Friends of Jesus" and wide- missionary staff, the reports re- have had much recent publicity. ly distributed: veal a net gain of 5,270 mem- [501 ]

bers. This brings the total sembly room, which seats 600 crisis, to be held in the Chicago members for the Singapore people, is rearranged for Sun- Temple auditorium November Area to 86,000. All the eight day, and a dignified service is 29 to December 2, 1932. This Districts are now led by Fili- made possible. Students and conference will discuss such pino pastors who have rendered faculty have contributed over topics as, The Challenge of the twenty years of constructive $5,000 toward the church of City, The Church in a Democservice. their dreams. racy, The Fight for Righteous- ness and The Church and Co- A Pastor's Courage -Women and Missions. operative Life. Speakers will include Jane Addams, Prof. Ar- The pastor of a large Meth- On the Island of Bali thur E. Holt, Rev. H. P. Dougodist Church on Mindanao, self- lass and Rev. Douglas Thornsupporting for a year, reveals No Christian missions have ton. Each day sessions will be the difficulties and blessings of been permitted on Bali, but devoted to group discussions. the present situation. about a year ago the Dutch This will not solve the city's government granted permission problem. A campaign of pray- For the month of October we have for a resident Chinese mission- er and evangelism is needed received less than $5, although the ary to preach to his own people for the regeneration of the men, spirit of the members to give is still on the island. Some have now women and children of the city. the same, or in some cases still more accepted Christ, among them strong. The amount of their gifts is two young men whose fathers Church Growth gradually decreasing because of the were Chinese and whose mothfinancial crisis. I commit all to the ers were Balinese. These young Statistics for all Churches, mercy and goodness of a loving Fath- men have witnessed to their gathered and published by the er, who is ever present in time of Balinese friends and relatives Christian Herald, gives the totrouble. Personally, I can stand this and ,a considerable number of tal Church membership for adverse situation, but my wife and pure Balinese country folk be- every decade since 1800. This children cannot stand it. There are came deeply interested in the membership has grown more trying moments when the children are Gospel, turned their backs upon rapidly than the population. In sick and we have no money for medi- their age-long belief in Hindu- 1800 reported membership was cine. All we could do in such a time ism, threw down their idols, only 6.5 per cent of the popuwas to pray and our children got well. and declared themselves believ- lation; this ratio in 1860 had The saving grace of Jesus has become ers on Jesus Christ. Twenty- reached 16.6 per cent, and toa living reality to us in our sorest six men and women who have day it stands at 40.1 per cent. need. After all, there are spiritual thus taken their stand have This does not include children lessons to learn in a seemingly trying been baptized. They are among below the age of Church memtemporal situation-to develop one's probably the first of this race bership,. except in the case of faith in God and to teach one to de- to accept Jesus as their saviour. the Roman Catholics, who estipend on God only. Many more are earnest seekers mate the entire Catholic popu- after the truth, possibly one lation. Near half of the Amer- -Missionary Herald. hundred inquirers. The work ican people are professing is spreading from village to Christians. The total gain in Silliman Student Conversions village, and notwithstanding Church membership last year very considerable opposition on was 433,656, apportioned among More than 2,500 have found the part of local Balinese coun- the principal denominations as Christ in Silliman Institute and try officials, these Christians follows: Baptists, 139,526; Luhave dedicated their lives to are becoming more established therans, 49,931; Methodists, Him. They are scattered over and are witnessing wherever 46,225; Presbyterian, 16,676 ; the Islands and in other lands. they go. Roman· Catholics, 15,243. The Thirty-one are in the ministry; Disciples of Christ showed a twenty-three are preparing for -The Pioneer. loss of 4,477, ,and the Congreit. Besides the twenty teaching gationalists of 736. in Silliman, sixteen are teach- NORTH AMERICA ing in other schools where the A Call for Prayer Bible is taught. Two are phy- A City ~hurch Conference sicians and five are nurses in A seri.es of meetings held in mission hospitals; five are in The modern city is the center Philadelphia a few months ago the service of the Y. M. C. A. of vice and lawlessness; it is to consider the great need for Usually the year begins with a also the place of great need and a spiritual revival resulted in third of the 900 students al- of great religious activity. The the adoption of the following ready evangelical Christians committee on the City and New "Call to Prayer" : and ends with about half the Americans of the Home Misstudent body as church mem- sions Council and the Council Great evils have come upon us bebers. of Women for Home Missions cause we have forgotten God. . is arranging for an interdenom- For thirty years Silliman has inational conference on the city Evil times are upon us, but it may had no church building-a seri- and the church in the present please God to send revival, since He ous handicap, for it is difficult says, "If my people which are called to create a worshipful atmosphere on Sunday morning in a room where everything suggests the secular associations of the week. To offset this the as-

OUR WORLD-WIDE,9UTLOOK

by My name shall humble themselves, day school to set apart some Japanese Woman's Home and p,ray and seek My face, and turn of the farm land, or certain In and around Seattle there from their wicked way: then will I farm animals, and at the har- are about 8,000 Japanese, of hear from Heaven, and will forgive vest season sell the produce or whom more than 1,000 are their sin and heal their land" (2 the animals and give the pro- Christians, and 400 are mem- ceeds to the church. Those who bers of the Baptist Church. The Chron.7:14). have been in the plan state that Japanese Woman's Home, the There is a bankruptcy of hum,an it has three outstanding results: oldest Christian center in this first, that contributions have area, has three departments : leadership in all fields. The situation been increasing; second, that it church, kindergarten and womin the world is desperate and beyond provides training in stewardthe control of men. It may grow worse ship; third, that there are val- an's home. rapidly unless there is supernatural uable spiritual results – that Bible reading and hymn sing- people acquire new attitudes tointervention. ward. the earth and are striving ing is carried on in Japanese The supreme need of the hour is a more zealously to make it holy. homes, with Japanest men and women as co-workers, testifyg?-"eat spiritual awakening like the re- -Watchman-Examiner. ing, praying, and doing acts of vlVal under the Wesleys in the Eight- kindness for Christ's sake with McBeth Mission Closes the joy of service shining in eenth century which saved England from the horrors of the French Revo- their faces. lution. Such movements have ,always been prepared by a widespread force of prayer, as in the thousands of prayer groups that were formed in Wesley's time.

We therefore earnestly appeal to Christians everywhere to forsake their sins and to return to the sim- Mis,S Mary Margaret Craw- Western Canada's Children plicity of Bible faith. We appeal to Christians individually to pr,ay more ford, known to her friends as Over 8,000 children are enearnestly for revival within the rolled in the Bible Memory Con- Church, and to form prayer groups "Miss Maizie," after 33 years test operated in four provinces for united intercession. in rural Western Canada by the on the field in McBeth Mission Canadian Sunday School Mis- We suggest the following to meet for Nez Per~e Indians at Lap- sion of Winnipeg. In one place the nearest church is 135 miles the special needs of the various classes wai, Idaho, has retired. As the away. This mission has over a of each community: hundred Sunday schools in ru- whole faculty of a theological ral communities where a few 1. Groups of women, meeting in years ago there were none. Last one and another's homes, daily or seminary for Nez Per~es, summer they held 76 summer weekly, at some convenient hour dur- Makahs, and Spokanes, Miss schools of two-week periods where many children accepted ing the day. Crawford has borne the respon- Christ as their Saviour. Boys 2. Cottage prayer meetings in sibility of training Indian ap- and girls who have memorized homes in the evening to be held each Scripture in the contests for week. plicants for the ministry since two years are eligible for a 1915, when her aunt, Miss Kate Bible Correspondence Course of 3. Weekly prayer meetings for 52 lessons, with questions to be McBeth, died and left the answered and returned for coryoung people. rection. Radio evangelism each Sunday from November to 4. Daily or weekly pr,ayer meetings unique work in her niece's April is another ministry of for business men at the noon-hour in the center of the city. hands. In addition to this she the mission. Also, summer carried on a many-sided com- camps for children and ~or ru- 5. Prayer group,s of ministers and ral school teachers. A total of church officers on Saturday night; and munity program which included 80 workers were engaged last of ministers with each other. year, most of them volunteers. religious work in the govern- Christians are asked to pray ment tuberculosis sanitorium, and work for the formation of courses in domestic arts and thousands of small groups, not sciences and music, and instrucwaiting to be invited, but tak- tion of Indian communities in ing the initiative. When the , politics and citizenship. spiritual movement comes then McBeth mission, including the spiritual, social and finan- the seminary for the training cial distress of our day will be of Nez Per~e, Makah and Spokhealed. . ane Indians, will be closed this Send the name and address of one member summer. This action was takof a prayer group to the Great Commission en by the Board of National Prayer League, 808 North LaSalle Street, Chi- Missions of the Presbyterian cago.

Lord's Acre Movement Church in the belief that the LATIN AMERICA Nez Per<;e Indians have out- Seventy churches, represent- grown "the milk of the Gos- Cause for Optimism ing seven religious bodies in pel," as Paul puts it, and as western North Carolina, are co- Christians are ready for as- The Rev. G. A. Riggs writes operating this year in' the sum p t ion of .responsibilities in a recent Watchman-Exam- "Lord's Acre Movement." The that are at once the obligation iner: plan, originated several years and the privilege of maturity. Baptist work in Puerto Rico conago by the Baptists of Georgia, The six Nez Per~e churches" tinues to prosper. In spite of the crowded condition of our buildings, is being promoted by the Farm- under Board of National Mis- our Sunday schools not only hold their sions are pastored by six fine attendance, but increase. For more ers Federation. The churches Indian ministers, trained in the than a month the average attendance cooperating asked each member seminary. of the church and of the Sun- of the Rio Piedras Sunday school has

been well ahove 500; with about as Evangelical Influence is pioneering among Indians in many more in Barrio Sunday school, the Beni region and preaching for which this church is responsible. Of the twenty republics con- and distributing the Scriptures In most of our churches there is op- stituting what is known as Lat- throughout Bolivia. The Irish timism and enthusiasm in spite of the in America, not one is without Baptist Foreign Mission workpinch of poverty and reduced pay- evangelical schools. In most ing at Rosario, a city of half a ments on pastors' salaries. Enforced cases, their students have come million people in the Argentine, lowered appropriations fr.om the Home from social strata not reached has planted six vi go r 0 u s Mission Society has left six of our by the evangelistic arm of the churches. Fifty were recently smaller churches pastorless, but in all missions, but they have been a baptized. The mission is piobut one case the work goes forward. silent, persistent force for neering into Southern Peru, righteousness, the Bible and its where the scattered people can Progressive Women teachings have been exalted in only be reached by continual the lives of their Christian evangelism. The Inland South Puerto Rican women are im- teachers, and untold thousands America Missionary Union is porta}:,!. .factors in the religious of young men and women have reaching Indians and others by life of<t~ 1::. island. Although learned of Christ and have tried means of a launch in Iquitos they lead~ery busy lives they to follow him in their own lives. district, Peru, also the Bororo find time to visit the sick and Indians, Brazil, and those at needy, to carry to them spirit- A testimonial to Mackenzie San Roque, Argentine. The Salual comfort, cheer and practical College in Sao Paulo, Brazil, vation Army has decided to help, as funds permit. A proj- written by a Latin American, send a mission to work among ect now in process of develop- might well be said of other the ticket-of-leave men at the ment by the women is that of evangelical schools: French convict settlements in doing something to give to the French Guiana, Ile Royale, Ile needy aged in Puerto Rico their A great change has c.ome over us St. Joseph and Devil's Island. proper place and care. In some in Sao Paulo. We have found that 4,000 convicts are here engaged places school children are to be religious thought is perfectly com- in hard labor in lumber camps. asked to each give one penny patible with scientific thought. You The Union Seminanr at Buenos for starting a fund, which may people at Mackenzie do not parade Aires, the Training Center at lead to the establishment of a your religion, but you have it, .and Azul, Argentine-in the joint home for these unfortunates. make it felt, and stand for it on any interests of the Evangelical suitable occasion; and you are doing Union of South America, and Temperance programs have the best scientific training that is be- the Christian and Missionary formed another part of the ing done in Brazil today. Weare Alliance of America-and the women's responsibility, and a convinced that incompatibility of sci- Training College of the Latin civic organization known as entific thought is with a certain type American Evangelization Cam- Mujeres Votantes (V 0 tin g of religious thought, and not neces- paign in Costa Rica, are doing Women) is doing much to pre- sarily with Christianity. You can this work of training. pare women for their coming safely say to any intelligent audience responsibility of suffrage by in Sao Paulo today that God the Creholding night schools to reduce ator is the Governor from whom, by the illiteracy which debars whom and to whom all things pertain, Puerto Rican women from vot- without exciting a sneer on the part ing.-Women and Missions. of the thoughtful men.

Adverse Situation in Mexico -Presbyterian Banner.

Mexico's measures to curb re- Cooperation in Latin America EUROPE ligious bigotry are becoming more drastic. While not direct- Coordination of evangelical British Methodist Union ed against Protestant missions, these .are suffering the conse- forces in Latin America in or-. The Wesleyan Methodists, the quences of the struggle. No der to evangelize untouched re- Primitive Methodists and the Bible study may now be con- gions is being promoted by the United Methodists, the three ducted in school, no minister, Latin American Fellowship. A largest bodies of the Methodist either Mexican or American, conference representing work in name in Great Britain, have may teach any religious subject, Spain and Portugal, and its re- formed a plan of union to go and not even grace may be lated activities in Latin Amer- into effect on September 20. asked at meals. According to ica, will contribute to the gen- Representatives of the three the Mexican Constitution all er:al scheme of coordination. bodies will meet in Albert Hall real estate owned by any relig- The Evangelical Union of South and declare the three churches ious organization becomes at America is seeking to put all its to be one, the terms and condionce the property of the government. A new law in Mexico work on an indigenous basis, tions of the union having al- City and its vicinity prohibits anyone from preaching in and pioneer efforts in Argen- ready been approved by the remore than one locality. -Record of Christian Work. tine and in the Sao Francisco spective Conferences. The united Valley in Brazil will apply and church will be the largest Non- develop these principles. Re- conformist communion in Great markable meetings and many Britain.

conversions followed weeks of On doctrinal standards, no special prayer at Sao Paulo, change is admitted, but the Act Brazil. of Parliament under which the The Bolivian Indian Mission union is authorized empowers

OUR WORLD-WID~..oUTLOOK

the new church to change its A mer i can Congregational their pastors. Beggars are co.nstitution to meet changing churches and missio.n stations, tramping from village to vil- conditions, sho.uld that be neces- and in Bulgaria forty churches lage. Along the Volga the cases sary. There is every indication and mission stations with a to.- of death by starvation increase.

that the union will be affected tal membership of 5,000, and Men, who are compelled to de- witho.ut the loss o.f a single 3,000 children in the Sunday vour the carcasses of fallen ani- church or minister. schools. A revival of these mals, have nothing to offer pas- The German National Church churches would bless 650,000 tors. Moslems in Bulgaria. In Al- There is also a dearth of The German Evangelical Lu- bania, Kortcha is of prime imtheran Church, with its 40,000,- houses. Pastors are compelled 000 members, is the largest portance, where the American to ask for shelter of any colsingle Pro.testant church gro.up. onist who. will grant it. Most Thro.ugh -all the succeeding po.- Mission is at work. An evanlitical and so.cial upheavals it gelical revival here, in view of men are afraid of ' .lg exhas remained substantially in- the present impressionable con- cluded from the Cok. ~~IVe or o.f tact. Furthermo.re, by forming sharing the fate of the exiled an "Evangelical Church Feder- ditio.n of Albania, would reach kulaks. In many instances a ation" it is endowed with more than half a million Mos- pastor must leave in order to avoid bringing further persecu- lems-half the entire popula- tion. In northern Albania there tion upon those who have be- are 169,000 Greek Orthodox strengthened resistance to anti- Christians and in the south friended him. religio.us currents, of which 118,000 Roman Catholics, but there has been no. lack. Most they have no evangelizing initia- Evangelical Conference in Spain dangerous and comprehensive is tive. Friendly relations be- Convened by the Evangelical at present the mo.vement of the tween Turkey and Greece are Spanish Alliance, the Confer- Go.dless which hand in hand drawing together Serbs, Bul- ence of Evangelical Churches with socialistic communism is garians and Rumanians. being pro.mulgated by Russia in took place in Madrid from May every po.ssible way. In the face 3 to 4. This conference was of this, tbe Go.spel is making itself felt. Home Missions, with Church News from Russia composed of representatives of their hundreds of ho.spitals, the According to the Evangelical practically all the Protestant Pressedienst, the evangelical denominations in Spain. Matters under consideration tens of thousands of deacons churches are fighting for their referred to the project of the and deaco.nesses are carrying life in Russia. The Lutheran law governing confessions and on their services o.f mercy. Fo.r- Church has a seminary in Len- religious congregations that are eign Missio.ns have no.t o.nly re- ingrad from which twelve to to be presented to the Cortes sumed work since the War, they fifteen young men were to grad- Constituyentes. have continued without serio.us uate in June. This seems to Various propositions w ere curtailment. give promise for the future but, made to give unity to all the As to spiritual vitality, the under the pressure of the ter- forces of Evangelical Christiandisappearance o.f a number o.f rorism which has been going ity in Spain. There was manischo.ols of tho.ught, such as His- on for years, church life is fested a tendency to group not to.ricism, Biblicism, Psycho.log- threatened even more than merely under the name of a ism, has been fo.llo.wed by a under the violent measures in federation, but under that of a genuine Luther Renaissance. In force hereto.fore. church which shall be known as the front line, there stands the Death and banishment have "The Evangelical Church of Schoo.l o.f "Dialectic Theo.logy," reduced the number of Luthunder the leadership of Karl eran pastors to forty. These Spain." The Conference elected five Barth. Its aim is to. regain a are divided over the colonies persons to constitute a provicentral position for the great along the Volga, the Ukraine, sional executive committee of o.bjective facts o.f the salvation, Caucasia, and the congregations the above-named church. This the redemptio.n of the world in the cities-a terribly small committee has already begun wro.ught by the incarnation of number. Thirty pastors and the preliminary work on the the Godhead, as applied to theo- leaders of congregations are important task. logical and ecclesiastical work. pining away in prisons or are -Espana Evangelica.

JULIUS RICHTER, Berlin. worked to death in the lumber camps of Siberia – a living Strengthening Lines in Balkans death. AFRICA Anti-Missionary Agitation The strengthening of evan- It is very difficult to place gelical religion in the Balkans young graduates. Only two or _ A storm of fanatical opposi- at the present juncture of af- three of the congregations are tion to Christianity has swept fairs is extremely important as in a position to receive pasto.rs over E gyp t the past few a means of appro.ach to the because of poverty. Many vil- mo.nths. It centered abo.ut a numerous Moslem populations. lages are utterly unable to pro- young man who became inter- In Czechoslovakia there are 132 vide even a bit of bread for ested in Christianity while at

the American University, Cairo. Rebuilding An Important Post Men, women, and children shouting, scuffling, reeking with rancid palm oil Subsequently he attended a In Abyssinia, the present -this unsavory mass of misery kin g has returned to the thrusts knives, spe,ars, dead fish, an- Bible School, and being over Church Missions to the Jews cient meat, live chickens· or ducks as eighteen years of age, and le- the fine old mission station of presents to the medical boy assistants gally entitled to think for him- Kobela, which was devastated in the hope of immediate treatment. during the Abyssinian cam- After relative quiet and order was self, he became a convinced paign under King Theodore in attained by the huge, black engineer Christian. His father, a big- 1863. For many years it has Ekeba and his wood carriers, the served as a chief rallying post women were first examined, their oted Moslem sheikh, and, more- for brigands. Although the names and tribes being registered and over, a notable magician, whom walls of the huts have tumbled their fees taken. Then c.ame the men's down, and the place is over- turn. At one .0'c1ock the medical boys, even highly educated men fear, grown with shrubs and thorns, utterly weary, covered with dirt, palm immediately appealed to the po- the missionaries are planning to oil, and worse, returned to the Oregon lice, ·t,o arrested the boy. The rebuild slowly this important to snatch sleep until 5 a. m. when they case w< brought into court, center for work among the would go ashore to give the treatand the boy was eventually Falasha Jews. ments. The injections were made at handed back for "protection" to the rate of one every two minutes or, -Alliance Weekly. for both boys, sixty an hour. They his father. worked quietly, never slackening in This incident was immedi- spite of growing weariness.

ately taken up and enlarged This treatment is so effective upon by the Arabic press, and bitter attacks upon mission work in general ensued. Reso- New Openings in Nigeria that the infective stage has allutions were drawn requiring most entirely disappeared from active propaganda for the faith Nsukka in the Niger Diocese the radius of the Bolenge hos- (Islam), to launch a virulent was the last district of the Ibo pital. Cases which appear are Arabic press campaign, to stim- tribe to remain unevangelized. from a distance. It is interestulate the circulation of anti- Bishop Lasbrey, of the C. M. S., ing to learn that practically all missionary literature, and to went there for the first time in the work of this hospital, save stir the government against 1930 and found a large pagan where white people are under mission schools and missionary population and a sprinkling of treatment, is done by native as" activity in general. However, Moslems. Some of the older sistants, the doctor keeping in missionaries rep 0 r t a wide- Ibo congregations on hearing the background as instructor spread spirit of inquiry among of the need raised £150 for mis- and counselor. Some forty-four sionary effort, and teachers thousand treatments are given enlightened Moslems.

were sent to five or six towns. annually.

New Y. M. C. A. in Assiut In January, four new stations Dr. J. Quay, an American were opened in hitherto un- Forward in Central Africa Y. M. C. A. secretary in Egypt, touched villages. Some churches Vigorous for war d action writes of the new Assiut Y. M. have had to be enlarged and a marks the work of the Africa C. A. building and grounds: large number of inquirers have Inland Mission. New station sites now secured in the Bel- "Nine years ago thirteen been enrolled. Ibo Christians gian Congo permit an advance young Egyptians decided they have provided funds for two among 100,000 or even half a ought to found a modern Y. M. teachers in the Nsukka area, million Azande people and will C. A. Most of the thirteen are while the Awka church has pro-· facilitate the evangelization of still in Assiut and prominent in vided £20 for the present year 40,000 in the Ruwenzori area. business, official or professional and £20 for 1933, to support The Pygmies in the Belgian life. They form the backbone another teacher.

of the Committee of Manage- Medical Ministry on the Congo Equatorial forest are also being ment. There is an acre and a taught. Tanganyika Territory half of land in the very heart The Disciples Mission in the reports great encouragement of the growing residential sec- Congo has a steamer, the "Ore- from the stations at Mwanza tion of the city. The new build- gon," whose ministry is the in- and Buduke, which were opened ing has an auditorium, smaller jection of Neosalvarsan for last year. Tanganyika has prorooms for office, library, dis- yaws and syphilis at points all duced a gifted African transcussion rooms, billiards, ping along the river Ubangi, tribu~ lator who has already finished pong and cafe. It cost $22,500 tary of the Congo. The ap- Genesis and Exodus in the Kesiand every cent of it was raised pearance of the boat is the sig- kumu language which have in Assiut. Current operating nal for announcing by drum, to been printed at the mission expenses have come too from the people along the river and press. Tabora, largest town in Egyptian sources, and all in the in .the interior that an oppor- Tanganyika, is to have a Mo-: midst of terrible financial de- tunity is at hand for ridding ravian church, composed of conpression. The founders say they themselves of these terrible verted heathen. In Kenya, fol-: are now ready to do something scourges. The Congo Mission lowing a second survey of unconstructive. News pictures the scene: reached tribes, work is under

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

way, with native Nandi and ly to a positive Christian ap- Easter and Whitsunday and the Kamasia Christians assisting. A proach to Jews and Moham- days of St. Chrysostomus and bill to amend the native mar- medans. riage ordinance is before the Saint Barbara. Among their sacred books they enumerate Kenya Legislature. African United Jewish Missionary Con- the Torah, the Psalter, the Goswomen wedded according to na- pel of Christ and the Koran. tive custom may have Christian ference They have never been on good marriage, and thereby they ob- A United Jewish Missionary terms with the orthodox Mostain the status of legal majority Conference of Palestine, was lems and of late have shown' and cease to be chattels. A held on Mount Carmel, April much friendliness to the Chris- Christian widow, not her pagan 20-22, 1932, and the following tians living in their country.

relatives, will have custody of recommendations were made: Recently a deputation of Alaher children. The intention is Literature: That a Literature Com- uites appeared among the Cathto preserve the Christian moth- mittee be appointed to produce litera- olic Sisters of the Sacred Heart er's influence over her children. ture suitable for indifferent and The Depression in Africa agnostic Jews, and also for young peo- of Jesus and Mary at Safita and asked to join the Christian ple. The Chairman conveyed an of- faith. This visit resulted in a fer from the S. P. C. K. Council to The depression has reached consider any applications for help that movement toward the Catholic the heart of Africa. Unemploy- faith and a number of vilment is a great and bitter prob- might be submitted to them from the lages have already become Cathlem not only in this country, U.J. M. C. olic. but in the huts of Katanga -Die-Katholischen Missionen. Province, Belgian Congo. Dr. Methods of Approach: The question John M. Springer, writing un- as to whether evangelistic work is Missionary Cooperation more productive of spiritual results than institutional work was discussed and the Conference decided that each was obviously complementary to th~ der date of April 7, 1932, says other. American Board work in Turthat in that mining district The presentation of the simple Gos- key began in 1819, with the "the natives had become quite original purpose of helping all accustomed to the industrial pel message by lip and life was ad- races in that country. More and town life, to good wages, v,ocated as the most sure method of and more it has concentrated and, for them, high living, when approach to every class of Jew, al- upon the Armenians and Greeks, suddenly the tide turned and though it was pointed out that a resulting in a strong, evangeli:- the urban population of whites knowledge of Jewish literature, his- cal church. Oppressive politiand natives has been dimin- tory .and language was an invaluable cal conditions caused many of ished by more than half. Many equipment for the Jewish missionary. the leaders to migrate to Amerthousands of natives have been Tribute was paid to the work of J ew- ica, where they have formed sent back to their villages; the ish missionaries in the past and then, Armenian – speaking churches. wages for all remaining are as now, it was recognized that the Some twenty years ago the greatly reduced, and many only means of winning a Jew was Armenian Missionary Associaskilled and once highly-paid na- by the way of friendship and love, tion of America was formed, tives have no income what- and it w.as suggested that prayer, the its purpose being to further ever." Could anything show greatest of all methods, had not yet missionary activities among the more plainly that the world is been tried to the full. Armenians scattered in every one, and that we dwellers here, whatever our color, location, or Alauites Giving Up Islam land. job, live a common life? About six years ago leaders North of the Lebanon is the -Christian Advoc,ate. state of the Alauites, one of the in the Armenian Missionary four mandatory regions of Association of America sug- French sovereignty in Syria. In a r 0 ugh mountain district, reaching as far as the border of New Turkey, 200,000 people gested the p 0 s sib iIi t y of live under the rule of their strengthening the whole work WESTERN ASIA sheikhs and subsist by tending through closer cooperation with their flocks and farming their the American Board. This was Y. W. C. A. in Haifa A new branch of the Y. W. land. brought about by forming, in C. A. has just been opened in They are known as a Mo- 1927, the Executive Council of Haifa, Palestine. The branch hammedan sect, a branch of the Armenian Missions, made up of includes a hostel, club room fa- Shiites, the followers of Ali, the representatives of the Armecilities, offices and an employ- son-in-law of Mohammed. Their nian Missionary Association of ment bureau. This center in religion is a curious mixture of America and the American Haifa where there are so many pagan, Mohammedan and Chris- Board, thus creating a unique girls of Jewish, Mohammedan tian elements. They think they form of missionary cooperation. and Christian faiths can render are descendants of the Cru-' Armenian Protestant churches a unique service in revealing saders and celebrate mass at in America number only thirtythe true Christian spirit to all night, offering wine and incense five, of which only eight are girls served and, in so doing, and calling upon the name of self-supporting. will be able to contribute great- Jesus. They observe Christmas, -Congregationalist.

Youth Service in Isfahan ~ional ~sset of which they must take I went there twenty-five years ago. mcreasmg account in the building of A Youth Service was organ- the new India. Today there are over ten times that number, 83,000 Christians. When I ized last winter in Isfahan by young converts who invited Twenty-five years ago Dr. left the District thirteen years ago young people to come and hear Mott addressed the students at young speakers tell what Christ Allahabad for four days with- there was scarcely a caste Christian •had done for them. Persian out daring to mention the name in it. Now, the outstanding feature .. hymns were sung to Persian of Christ. On the last day at of our work there is this incoming of tunes and the four addresses the close of his address' he the caste people. were by Armenians and con- spoke of Christ; within five verts from Islam, all connected minutes the hall was empty. At I am fully persuaded, after seeing with Stuart Memorial College. Agra, Dr. Jones spoke in a The meeting was an effort to cro~de.d hal~, night after night, hundreds of these caste people and link the college more closely begmnmg WIth Christ and talk- baptizing many of them that two wit~ ~he church. A group of main m.otives explain the'movement. ChnstIan young women said ing of nothing else, yet the peo- The religion of their fathers no long- that they, too, would welcome ple crowded in, listened for er grips them; their gods are not an opportunity to witness for hours and seemed loathe to go. merely dead, they have become ri- Christ. Near the close of the meetings in every place it was asked diculous; no Indian can remain long Life Among the Loors that only those come who really without a God to worship. Here comes wanted to find God, and the in the second motive. As one man put it: "I have seen for years the children halls were filled, as before. of your outc.aste villages laughing and Dr. Jones· observes more happy. Because we have seen what skepticism than in all his pre- Christianity can do with the people vious 25 years in India-honest that Hinduism has no use for, we skepticism, which acts as a come to you. We want a religion purgative from superstition. In- that can make good people .out of bad dia is intent on the intense quest people." for some new power to remould -Dnyanodaya. Dr. Joseph W. Cook, Presby- character. Hindu Christians terian missionary at Htyapmhuasdain~ Persia, who died of An S. P. G. missionary writes of a sect called Hindu Chris- January, 1932, wrote for the tians, and a conversation he had held with one of their lead- Presbyterian Magazine an ac- ers. "I have never before had the opportunity for such a free count of a trip he made to Looristan, a place practically blank on even the best maps of Persia. Its people are earnest Mohammedans according to A Triumph of Christian Living discussion, and to know how their lights, living under most The 1931 census report of this sect has developed. They primitive conditions. Modern 12,000 new disciples of Christ accept the whole of our Bible every month for the past ten but keep their form of worship education and modern medicine years shows the triumph of to what it was in our Lord's Christ-like I i v i n g . In the time. Hence they keep the Passhave never touched them. One Andhra territory of the Telugu over, Feast of Tabernacles, the country there have been well Sabbath. They are building small grade school in a district over 22,000 caste people led to themselves a new place of wor- become disciples of Christ dur- ship, on the lines of the Temple of 75,000 people is the only ing the past five years, and an at Jerusalem. They have a very observer explains that the chief strict discipline among themeducational facility. TdhireecLtoodres~ factor in winning caste people selves, and open and individual like the Kurds, are is what Christianity has done confession is made in the pres- scendants of the ancient Medes.

Sheep, cattle and chickens share the tents with people. Women ma~ry at eight or ten, lose four babIes for everyone that lives.

INDIA AND BURMA for the outcasts. The Wesleyan ence of the congregation. They Mission in Hyderabad reports: tithe absolutely all their posses- "In spite of the bitterest per- sions and income, hence they India in Transition are very rich. Excommunica- secution there is no sign of the tion is practised, and it is a real After a series of evangelistic movement abating. . . We re- discipline. Baptism is adminis- joice to record 7,234 caste bap- tered after a person is eighteen meetings, Dr. E. Stanley Jones tisms since the first fourteen writes in The Indian Witness: This has been by far the best year were baptised. . . 1,400 in the years of age. They have twelve I have ever sp~nt in India, though past year… The bitter enmity elders, and by lot one is chosen by all outward SIgnS this should have to administer baptism, another been otherwise. F.or the first time I of many of the village headmen felt that I was dealing with real is- and wealthy landowners has the Last Supper, another to sues and that India was ready to face preach, and another to read the them with me. There has been that been a terrible test for many of Scripture. These hold the office sense of facing things together. The the new converts. . ." for lifetime, and are also excoming possibility of self-government The Rev. G. E. Hickman has sobered India. She is not now Johnson, after a few years' ab- pected to be teachers, for which merely taking the role of the critic they are paid. They do no she is beginning to take account of sence from Hyderabad, his for- evangelistic work. Their wom- mer field of labor, writes: en only marry one of themher resources with which she has to face the future. Men are now be- Eight thousand was the number of ginning to feel that Christ is a na- Christians in Hyderabad State when selves, but men marry outside,

and the woman is admitted to ment and exiled to Ratnagiri. for his circle of from fifteen to the community." Being a Chitpavan Brahman, twenty villages which he visits -The Mission Field. the highest of the high, he soon regularly from month to month. Hindu-Moslem Riots became the religious leader of The church membership list in Rioting between Hindus and Ratnagiri. About two years this field has now passed the Moslems is not an everyday oc- ago this man began a move- 5,000 mark with the addition of currence in India. In most places in India where the fol- ment to inaugurate intercaste the 422 reported this year. This lowers of the two religions live dining. He made a dinner and growth is gratifying to all. close together the happiest of invited members of the differ- friends of foreign missions in– relationships exist, and no riots are ever known to have oc- ent castes, outcastes, Moham- South India. curred. This fact is lost sight of by people in other lands medans and others to dine with – Watchman-Examiner. when the newspapers report on him. Many from the different the outbreak of a rioting in some one place, and they imag- castes accepted the invitation, Evangelism in South India ine that all over India there is some sort of civil war going on and Brahmans, outcastes and Evangelism has had a sucbetween the Hindus and Mos- others sat down and dined to- cessful year in South India lems. where with two exceptions the gether. It was decided to make largest ingathering in the his- Church Union Movement it a monthly affair, and for tory of the Baptist mission is some five months, the group recorded. Typical of many re- The Church Union Movement ports is that of the veteran has taken one step further by came together and dined, with- missionary, Rev. W. A. Stanton, the "general assent" given to of Kurnool, who writes: the South India Scheme of Un- out any caste restrictions. This ion, by the General Council of seemed to be a remarkable for- In November the people in one of the Church of India, Burma the largest Madira hamlets on this and Ceylon, formerly known as ward step. After five of these field with more than 100 houses sent the Church of England in In- dinners, a list giving the names word that they wanted to become dia. The scheme will now be of the Brahmans who had inforwarded to the Diocesan Councils (constituent bodies of terdined, was published in a lothe General Council) for dis- cal paper. Some months later cussion and report. If the scheme is not modified mate- we read in a local paper of the Christians. For more than thirty rially, this Church will be ready annual visit of the Chief Priest years we had preached the Gospel in to act in 1935, provided the of Hinduism for the territory, that village, but the hearts of the other two negotiating Churches who has to do especially with people were as hard as the stones of also make up their minds finally. The United Church will the purity of Hindui~m. He old Kurnool. We sent a preacher and accept the Episcopal form of called the interdining Brah- finally went and spent two days church government, without mans before him and notified among them, having the great joy of subscribing to any theory of them that they had been exepiscopacy. The conscience of baptizing thirty-two people. Further North India is also being report comes that the whole palem is stirred and conferences and now ready for baptism. There seems committees on church union are the order of the day, but the communicated and in order to to be a wide-spread awakening among movement there will mark time the outcastes on this field. In one viluntil the issue is settled in return to Hinduism they would lage twenty miles from Kurnool nine South India. be required to perform praya- converts had returned to their homes schit, atonement, or forever re- Intercaste Dining and had started a school, called a main outcastes. As no one was teacher from another village to show "About eight years ago," them what to do, and were rebuilding writes Rev. A. L. Wiley of the willing to remain outside of the ruined walls of an old house for Presbyterian Mission, "a man a church. When the missionaries arwho had been convicted of po- Hinduism, the s e Brahmans, rived they proudly showed what they litical murder and sentenced to among them lawyers, doctors, life imprisonment, was released after sixteen years imprison- business men, etc., came for- had done and reported thirteen of' ward and performed prayaschit, their neighbors ready for baptism.

which means that each, in turn, The Will to Do in Burma ate a mixture made up of the In spite of distressing eco- five products of the cow." nomic conditions the Karen peo- Preaching Band ple are supporting their work, though on a reduced scale, of Ninety-one villages were vis- course. We have fourteen acres ited by Dr. W. A. Stanton and of land for the school com- his band of faithful preachers pound, and we are getting it on tour early this year. The cleared of the jungle growth.

Kurnool field, South India, cov- The churches are apportioning ers a territory three times the the work bringing lime, sand, size of Rhode Island, and has pebbles for concrete, timber for a population of more than 400,- roofs, floors and interior walls.

000. The band traveled 500 These are all contributions miles and preached to thou- , from individuals and churches.

sands of Sudras, who gave Some will send men to give eager and attentive hearing. free labor. One or two men Every pastor in this area is an have promised to send ele- evangelist, and is responsible phants to help pull out the

stumps when they have been condemn the scourge of war but .ac- practice. In eight years not a undercut. How really happy the tively to support the movement for people are in this planning! the outlawry of war that the relations single doctor for the district of of men may be builded upon other and Shanghai. So much to do. So C. L. KLEIN, Schwegyin. more secure foundations. very few to do it. So very few – Watchman-Examiner. In the political world the founda- willing to make the venture for Baptist Assembly at Maymayo tions of security are the rule of law and the sanctity of covenants, of Christ's sake. Where is the an- The Burma Baptist Assem- which warlike acts are the negation. swer? (Rev.) HOLLIS S. SMITH, In the spiritual world the foundations Changshu, Kiangsu.

of peace are living stones, men of Many Opportunities bly at Maymayo this year was sincerity and good will who will make the machinery of law and treaties more completely in charge of work. We invite all who read these The suffering in China has Burman and Karen leaders than words to join us in turning to the influenced more people to atever before. One new feature cr,oss of Christ, that we may be for- given Jor all our pride and folly and tend Church and to turn to rewas the introduction of a course inspired to follow in His steps, and in ligion as a means of comdesigned to help teachers who llnceasing prayer and effort at what- fort. Though services are not are responsible for Bible teach- ever cost to maintain .and strengthen ing in the schools. About 60 the foundations of security and peace. crowded, there is a considerable received this special training. Other efforts are being made A Friendlier Spirit increase in attendance over last both at the college and at Ran- year. Anti-Christian feeling goon to raise the standard of "One of the most significant religious' education, to make the achievements of the past year does not seem to exist, or at experience of Christ by men of has been the bringing about of least it is entirely submerged twenty centuries real to the closer relationships and coop- for the present. younger Christians. About 200 eration between the Christian delegates were in attendance at Student Movement and our Truth Hall, a Presbyterian the Assembly. Church," writes Rev. A. R. Kep- ler, missionary at Shanghai, mission school which is regis- -Paul Braisted. China. Three years ago the tered with the Chinese govern- ment, has so many students that it is necessary to hold as- sembly out of doors. Large numbers of lay workers in the Siam Situation slogan of the Christian Student churches are spending a great Movement was "Exalt Christ! deal of time in voluntary evan- The Presbyterian Missiona- Down with the Church!" At a gelistic work. More than 5,000 ries have always enjoyed the recent national conference of people at a country fair, confriendly cooperation of the the Christian Student Move- ducted by Christian workers, royal house of Siam. The late ment at Peiping, the prevailing heard the Gospel message. king, in his earlier days, gave purpose was "Cooperation with his own title to the mission col- the Church!" An Active Christian Lawyer lege at Chiengmai, naming it Is the Church Short of Faith? ·Dr. Sherwood Eddy in em- ' the Prince Royal's College. The phasizing that Christianity is present king attended the exer- I am well aware that the China's only hope, tells in the cises celebrating the centennial Church is short of money. No Missionary Herald of a Chrisof Christian work in Siam in one knows that better than the tian lawyer, Mr. Gong, who 1928 and spoke appreciatively mISSIOnary. But is the Church has personally won forty-two and encouragingly of it. In ad- short of faith? In spite of our friends to accept Christ. Durdition, their majesties have troubles here in China, and ing a week of meetings in Foomade gifts of money to the they are many, there never was chow, attended by 4,000 stu- Presbyterian Mission in Siam, a greater opportunity to bring dents a day, Mr. Gong, with in recognition of what is being these people to Christ. Sick at the consent of judges and feldone for their subjects. he art, disillusioned, harried low lawyers, called off all his CHINA from pillar to post by famine, law cases for the week, giving floods, and war, with no hope or his entire time to the meetings. National Christian Council faith in anything, these peo- To one single meeting he ple are only waiting for the brought fifty lawyers. During Denounces War Great Deliverer. the week he brought three hun- Dr. C. Y. Cheng, General Our seminaries at home are dred different persons. He or- Secretary of the National Chris~ ganized a body of eight huntian Council of China has is- crowded with students for the sued a significant statement to ministry-yet no ministers for dred Christian personal workthe National Christian Councils the preaching of Christ's salva- ers to invite men to the meetin other lands concerning war. ings and to speak to them per- After describing the horrors of tion to the heathen. For ten sonally about Christianity. Of war, the statement concludes: years not a single minister for the 50 lawyers he brought to the meetings ten have made We, therefore, pledge ourselves the district of Shanghai. Our their decisions and are now anew, and urge all our fellow Chris- medical schools at home are preparing to enter the church. tions to do the same, not merely to turning out doctors faster than they can be absorbed in stable

Education in Japan – A New Life Through God. By Toyohik() ested in the true experiences

Study. 247 pp. International Mis- Kagawa. 210 pp. $1.50. Revell. these six school girls in China, sionary Council. New York. 1932. New York. 1932. as told by a missionary who loves the Chinese and under- This is a report of a Commis- There is something amazing stands them. We see here vivsion, and how many people read about the literary fecundity of idly their temptations and trials, reports? Few, it is to be feared. K a g a w a . A comparatively their failures and victories, their The very name "report" sug- young man, far from robust in need and response to the mesgests something dry and per- health, with impaired eyesight, sage of Christ. functory. But no student of preaching and lecturing every missions can afford to ignore day and often several times a Chefoo. By Stanley Houg-hton, Edith this report. It was prepared day, serving on many commit- Harman and Margaret Pyle. 12 mo. by a Commission on Christian tees, and the leader of various 82 pp. Paper. 28. China Inland Education in Japan, represent- religious and social organiza- Mission. London. 1931.

ing the National Christian tions, he yet finds time to write The educational center of Council of Japan, the National "books and articles. Dr. Ken- the China Inland Mission for neth Saunders, who writes an Christian Education Association Introduction, speaks of him as missionaries, children, a hospital of Japan, the Foreign Missions champion of the poor, expert and the health station for their adviser of government, mystic missionaries, is at Chefoo in Conference of North America North China. This pictorial and the International Mission- and social reformer, poet and story of the many-sided life at preacher, who is doing more Chefoo is another evidence of ary Council. It was headed by the Christian spirit and efficithat eminent Christian educa- than anyone else in Japan for ency of the Mission founded over sixty-five years ago by tor, Kajinosuke Ibuka, Presi- social reconstruction and who Hudson Taylor. dent Emeritus of the Meiji gathers great crowds whenever Gakuin of Tokyo, whose asso- Streams on the Desert. By Mrs. he speaks. This book is the Charles E. Cowman. 8 vo. 328 pp. ciates were eleven eminent Jap- $1.50. The author, 832 No. Hobart anese and missionary educators. substance of addresses that Blvd., Los Angeles, Calif. It is the most thorough .and were delivered.at mass meetings comprehensive study of Chris- attended by thousands of J ap- anese. Its theme is "new life, tion education in Japan that has ever been made, and it presents new morale, a new society- The present hunger of people a literally immense amount of through God." It discusses God for spiritual help is shown by reliable information. Its pri- and the World of Suffering, the large number of daily BIble mary purpose is to bring to God and Christ, God and the readings published. Here is one light the present situation and Soul, God and Prayer, God and of the best-the fruit of study the future needs of Christian the Bible, God and the Con- and experience. Many of the education in Japan in the light science, God and Daily Living, greatest spiritual leaders are of the rapidly changing situa- and God and the New Social quoted in prose and verses, with tion in that country and to de- Order. It is pervaded through- Scriptural selections for every termine what changes should be out by a warmth of evangelical day in the year. To read it made in the policy and program feeling that deeply moves the prayerfully promotes spiritual reader. It is a spiritual tonic, of the schools in order that they a real contribution to devotional growth. may more actively serve the Christian literature. Written in The Interwoven Testaments. By H. Christian movement. Several Japanese, it has been translated C. Moore. Pocket volume. 50 cents. maps and charts helpfully con- Sou the r n Baptist Convention. tribute to the reader's under- into excellent English by Eliza- Nashville. 1931. standing of the situation. This beth Kilburn of Sendai, Japan. In the form of daily Scripture B. readings, the main teachings of is a volume of notable value and the Old and New Testaments are it should be carefully studied, Schoo] Gids Together. By Mrs. E. combined in brief quotations, not only by officers and mem- Weller. Illus. 12 mo. 128 pp. bers of missionary boards work- Paper. . Is. China Inland Mission. without exposition but with ing in Japan, but by the stu- London. 1931. short explanations. They will dents of Christian education in School girls in America and prove interesting and suggest other lands. A. J. BROWN. England cannot fail to be inter- further study.

[511 ]

Bible Verses to Memorize. Selected chapters make an excellent sub- standing, of righteousness, of by Helen Miller Gould Shepard. 16 faith and of love. mo. 96 pp. 50 cents. American ject for women's missionary Tract Society. New York. 1931. meetings. A good, but very lim- New Books The good seed is the Word of ited bibliography of British The Prophetic Lamp. Ernest Baker. God. Sown on good soil it bears books, suggests opportunity for 79 pp. 1s. Pickering & Inglis. good fruit. The Bible verses, further study. London. 1932.

carefully and prayerfully select- The Conquest of Gloom. By James Present-Day Problems. J. C. M. Daw- L. Gray. Introduction by E. son. 115 pp. 1s., 6d. Pickering & ed by Mrs. Shepard, have al- Stanley Jones. 12 mo. 158 pp. Inglis. London. 1932. ready been translated into over thirty languages and have been 38 6d. Marshall Morgan and Scott. The New Man. Capt. Reginald Wallis. widely scattered by faithful sow- London. 1931. 95 pp. 18. Pickering & Inglis. London. 1932. ers in many lands. These selec- The author has been aNew tions, in two series and topically Zealand Presbyterian mission- Individual Work for Individuals. arranged, relate to Sin and Sal- Henry Clay Trumbull. 186 pp. $1. ary in J agadhri, India, for ten American Tract Society. New vation, Law and Grace, Sorrow years and most of these ad- York. 1932. and Comfort, Death and Immor- dresses were given to audiences That Strange Little Brown Man tality, Confession and Service, of Christian missionaries and, as Gandhi. Frederick B. Fisher. 239 Wisdom and Folly, Faith and pp. $2.50. Long & Sniith. New Unbelief, Promises and Prophe- Dr. Stanley Jones says, they York. 1932. cies. Those who memorize them "touch on problems that press in I. LiIIias Trotter. Bla"nche A. F. Pig- on this Indian atmosphere; ott. 245 pp. 68. Marshall, Morwill store away spiritual riches problems of an awakened na- gan & Scott. London. 1932. and those who scatter them will As It Looks to Young China. Edited plant living Seed. tionalism and the clash between by William Hung. 181 pp. $1. East and West." They are spir- Cloth; 60c paper. Friendship Press. The Lutherisches Missionsjahrbuch for 1932. 160 pp. This time it itual Bible studies that exalt New York. covers 150 pages and has a separate supplement of ten pages. Christ, encourage faith, promote~ Community Organization in Religious " Education. Hugh Hartshorne and J. obedience, stimulate to prayer and exhort to sacrificial service. Quinter Miller. 250 pp. $2. Yale University Press. New Haven.

This Yearbook con t a ins a Challenged. By Caroline Atwater The Causes of War. Sir Arthur Salnumber of important articles- Mason. 12 mo. 100 pp. $1.00. ter and Others. 235 pp. 7s. 6d. Revell. New York. 1932. Macmillan. New York and London. the History of the Evangelization of Iceland, Theological Miss Mason is well known as The Good Shepherd and His Lambs. the author of "A Lily of H. Forbes Witherby.. 185 pp. 1s. France," "The Little Greek Work in India, by Dr. Sande- God," "The Highway," and Pickering & Inglis. London. gren, Problems that grow out of the increasing Industrialization John Thomas Gulick – Evolutionist of the World, and the Nature of and Missionary. Addian Gulick. 556 pp. $4. University of Chicago Press. Chicago. the People and the Work of Mis- other spirited stories with a pur- The Heritage of Asia. Kenneth Saund- pose. In this short novel she ers. 224 pp. $1.75. Macmillan. sions in New Guinea. There is pictures life in an American city New York. the usual amount of most impor- and the efforts of a newspaper The Indigenous Church in Perno John tant statistical material cover- Ritchie. 39 pp. 6d. World Domining the missions of Germany, man to promote total abstinence ion Press. London. and prohibition. The facts pre- Indigenous Ideals in Practice. W. F. those of the Scandinavian coun- sented give convincing reasons Rowlands. 43 pp. 1s. World Dotries and the present status of for abstinence from intoxicants minion Press. London. missions to the Jews. Indian Americans. Winifred Hulbert. C. T. BENZE. and show the benefits of prohibi- 161 pp. $1 cloth; 60c paper. Friend- tion laws, even when not ade- ship Press. New York. The Dawn Wind. By Olive Wyon. Kagawa. William Axling. 202 pp. 12 mo. 155 pp. 28 6d. Student quately observed. $2. Harpers. New York. 1932.

Christian Movement Press. London. The Life of Chas. Albert Blanchard.

1931. Bread to the Full. By ~ohn McNeill. Frances Carpthers Blanchard. 220 12 mo. 208 pp. 28 6d. Pickering pp. $2. Revell. New York. The Gospel of Christ has in- and Inglis. Glasgow. 1931. Lim Yik Choy-The Story of a Chitroduced a revolutionary prin- nese Orphan. Chas. R. Shepherd. ciple into society, but many For over forty-five years this 252 pp. $1.50. Revell. New York.

Christians have failed to recog- famous Scotch preacher has The Republic of Brazil-A Survey of Religious Conditions. Erasmo Braga nize its transforming influence been widely known for the and Kenneth S. Grubb. 184 pp; 58. on the womanhood of non- graphic pictures, hum 0 r 0 u s World Dominion Press. London.

Christian lands. The awaken- touches, evangelistic passion and Rural Education for the Regeneration ing of womanhood to the oppor- spiritual insight in his sermons. of Korea. Helen K. Kim. Published by the Methodist Board of Foreign tunities and responsibUities of a These sermons were delivered in Missions. New York. new era is the subject of these Dr. McNeill's early prime- Totem Tales. Warren E. Crane. 95 brief studies in which the author forty years ago, in the Regent pp. $1. Revell. New York.

pictures the change wrought on Square Presbyterian Church of Yellow Rivers. Earl Herbert Cressy. 153 pp. $1.50. Harpers. New the women of Africa, of India London-:-they combine human York. and China, of Korea and Japan interest and divine unction, and Annual Report, Home Missions Coun- and of Mohammedan lands. The breathe out the spirit of under- cil~1932. 85 pp. New York.

Missions LOS PACIFIC j III

ANGELES Are presented in novel and very I had a usable form, for Missionary Meet- COLLEGEi ings, as illustrotions for s<':rrnons Prodigy and talks, or for personal inspir- ! "Character Firstation, in for a the College that Cares" The Presbyterian Chi Id" 12 Acres-3 Buildings-28 Years BANNER of Success-Also Accredited "I thought I h.d • prodigy for. child," • mother Prep School- Coeducdtion – A wrote us. "But when I found th.t other children A Church weekly modern in Homelike School. studying .t home .ccomplished the s.me results .nd appearance, evangelical in creed, wlth e6se, I knew it WtIIS your Ctilivert course and progressive in contents, practical THI N K! Board, Room, Tuition- methods." in help to ministers, ministers' $40 month or work on campus wives and other active Church and pay $25 month. C.lv«t School tr.vels to children .11 over the workers; and prepared with world to give them, wherever they may Jive, as thorough special regard for the layman and Send Application and References an elementdry educcdion I!IS children ~ttending the the laywoman. to Registrar … C.lvert O.y School in B.ltimore, M.ryl.nd. It comes to your home, bringing with it interesting books, A Christian Companion 5832 Ebey Ave., Los Angeles, Calif. pictures, new reading devices and up~to-dtllte equip~ ment-everything the child needs for .ny ye.'s work. For the home, the study, mission- Obituary Notes The lessons .re cle.rly outlined step by step, .nd ary meeting, young people's interesting to both p.rent .nd child. meeting, Sunday school, and hour Dr. J. Kelly Giffen, of the Sudan of family and personal devotion, Mission of the United Presbyterian The knowledge of C.lvert tr.ined boys .nd girls its many pages of "News of the Church, died in Khartum on April 6th. impresses people-and impresses their teachers later Churches Everywhere/' and its His widow, Grace H. Giffen, died on when they fin.lly t.ke their pl.co In high or prep.r.tory pages of vital editorials, are July 27th in Assiut. Dr. and Mrs. school. There is the usual elementary education} prepared by numerous selected Giffen went to Egypt in 1881, and also rich trtlining in cultural .sod scientiAc subjects. Correspondents and entered the Sudan as pioneer mis- Scores of missioncuies, exchange doctors, p~rents in sionaries in 1900. They were effective the diplom.tic service h.ve enrolled their children, Editorial Staff forces in building the Church of Christ in that difficult field. .nd found them wei r equipped to enter hi~h or Including William H. Boddy, William E. Brooks, Paul Patton *** erep~rdtory school on their return to the United !:>tates. Faris, Ralph Cooper Hutchison, Ihere have been so many of these enrolments that noW Hugh Thomson Kerr, John A. Mrs. George J. Geis, of Myitkyina, there .re C.lvert School centers in foreign fields. Mackay, Donald Mackenzie, Burma, died April 28. She had been a Baptist missionary for forty years. The full course begins with the first gr.de .nd Joseph R. Sizoo and James H. c.rries through six ye." till high school. It m.y be *** tdken 4S 4 whoJe or in Pdrt-dt d complete cost of $40 Snowden. d year, the school furnishing all lessons dnd mote rid Is. Miss L. Couch of the Ramabai Person~1 criticism of pupil's work by Calvert teachers SUBSCRIPTION RATES Mukti, Mission, Kedgaon India, died $20 .dditionol. Kinderg.rten courses ore .voil.ble $2.50 a year; to ministers, $2. In on April 1st at seventy-nine years of for use by individu.ls .t $10.50, or in groups .t combindtion with The Missionary Re- age. Miss Couch was born in Eng- reduced cost. view of the World ($2.50 alone), land and went to India forty years only $4 for both-d saving of one ago. After spending ten years in V. M. Hillyer, founder of C.lvert Home Instruction dolldr. Sample copy of THE BANNER Calcutta she went to Mukti where School, wrote "A Child', History", "A Child's free on request. Pamlita Ramabai gave her work in Geosr.phy………uccessful books imbued with the ch.rm the Boys' School where she acted as .nd .ppe.1 th.t enliven .11 Calvert home lessons. Send your order to a real mother and won many boys to Use the coupon for full inform.tion. Christ. The Presbyterian Banner CALVERT SCHOOL, In recent years she has not been 189 E. Tuscanv ROld, Baltimore, Md. 2007 Commonwealth Building able to do much active work on ac- Pittsburgh, Pa. count of an automobile accident but Ple.se send me full inform.tion, including. s.mple Or to The she has gone twice daily to the sta- lesson. tion to distribute the Gospel portions Missionary Review of the World and tracts. Guards of every train NAME ………………………………… . looked for this messenger of God and 156 Fifth Avenue for her bundles of biblical literature, ADDRESS ……………………………… · . New York, N. Y. papers and magazines. Mukti is situated on the regular Indian pilgrim can Board of Commissioners for For- route and every day more than fifty eign Missions, in Japan, died on July of these pilgrims and sadhus pass 31, in his eighty-second year at the through. Miss Couch was interested home of his son, Rev. George E. Cary, in these wanderers, and would show Bradford, Mtlssachusetts. Dr. Cary them the One who is "The Way, the was born in Foxboro, April 20, 1851, Truth and the Life," and give each was graduated from Amherst in 1872 a Gospel portion or tract in the lan- and Andover Theological Seminary in guage they understood. 1877. He went to Japan that same year. *** Dr. Cary was the author of a very The Rev. Otis Cary, D. D., forty- complete and valuable history of two years a missionary of the Ameri- Christian Missions in Japan.

Retiring from the field in 1918 he served Japanese churches in Utah and California under the auspices of the American Missionary Association. In 1923 he established residence at the Walker Missionary H.ome, Auburn- dale, and assisted with the editorial work of the Board.

His wife and four children, Rev. G. E. Cary, Dr. Walter Cary of Dubuque, Iowa, Rev. Frank Cary of Otaru, Ja- pan, and Miss Alice E. Cary of Osaka, Japan, survive him. Our Special China Number OCTOBER, 1932 Illustrated Up-to-date Factual Partial Table of Contents What the Chinese Have Accomplished … . Kenneth S. Latourette of Yale University Come With Me to China ……………………………….. . 0. E. Goddard Overcoming Difficulties ………………… "….. Wm. H. Gleysteen of Peiping The True Soul of China …………………… .Francis C. M. Wei of Wuchang How the Chinese Worship …………………… .James L. Stewart of Chengtu Why Send Missionaries to China … , ……………… .P. O. Hanson of Taianfu What Have We Learned About Mission Methods …. .Frank Rawlinson of Shanghai What Kind of Medical Missions Are Needed ……………. .Dr. Elliot I. Osgood A Sample Mission Station ……………………… Charles E. Scott of Tsinan What Christ Has Done for China ………………… Carleton Lacy of Shanghai The Church of Christ in China ………………… . A. R. Kepler of Hangchow Woman's Place in Changing China …………………….. Katherine R. Green Whither-and What Progress ………………. Charles L. Boynton of Shanghai The Christian Task in China ……………………….. .P. C. Hsu of Peiping Testimonies of Twice Born Chinese ……………….. , ……. Various Authors What the Chinese are Doing for China ………. .Mary F. Parmenter of Shanghai Best Books on China « SEND YOUR ORDER NOW » 25 Cents a Copy $20.00 per Hundred THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, Inc.

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The Missionary Review of the World — July 1932

JULY·AUGUST

THE AMERICAN INDIAN NUMBER • Our Predecessor, The Indian Hugh L. Burleson Indian Problem Approaches Solution Ray Lyman Wilbur· .

Are Missions to Indians Effective?

Henry Roe Cloud Indian Romance and Reality Princess Ataloa Indian Views of Missions to Indians W. David Owl Twice Born Indians I Have Known Bruce Kinney.

Where Are the U nevangelized Indians?

G. E. E. Lindquist

• Dates to Remember to endeavor to promote

Quickest Time friendship between the people of the to … July 12-17-Northern Baptist Conven- two nations. They were everywhere tion, San Francisco, Calif. cordially received. JAPAN AND July 25-31-World's Sunday School *** Convention, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. CHINA Dr. and Mrs. Courtenay H. Fenn. August 13-20-Universal Christian Presbyterian missionaries to China, 10 DAYS TO JAPAN! That's the Council for Life and Work, Geneva, have been honorably retired. Dr. Fenn Switzerland. is retained in secretarial service at trip-after-trip record of Empress of the Board headquarters in New York. Russia and Empress of Asia on the August 24-31-Continuation Commit- Direct Express route! First Class at tee, World Conference on Faith and *** reduced fares. Order, Wiesbaden, Germany. Dr. Egbert W. Smith, Executive Quickest time via Honolulu is 13 August 23-28-General Conference of Secretary of Foreign Missions for the days, by Empress ofJapan, the larg- the Seventh Day Baptist Church, Presbyterian Church South, who has est, fastest liner on the Pacific, and Adams Center, N. Y. recently returned from a visit to the by her running mate, Empress of Congo missions, has asked to be re- Canada. Sailings from San Fran- September 13-16-Association of lieved from secretarial duties, having cisco and Los Angeles connect at Women Preachers, Chicago, Ill. reached the age of retirement. Honolulu. September 17-20–Bi-Annual Conven- *** REDUCED SUMMER ROUND TRIP tion, Evangelical B rot her h 0 0 d, FARES on all "Empresses." Evangelical Synod, St. Louis, Mo. Sir Wilfred Grenfell has recently returned on the mission schooner, For lower fares, go in Tourist September 28, 29-Connnittee of Ref- George B. Cluett, to his work for the Class, and still enjoy spaciousness, erence and Counsel, Foreign Mis- fishermen of the Labrador and Newcomfort. sions Conference, New York, N. Y. foundland. With him have gone seventy-five young college men and All "Empresses" sail from Van- October 11-l6-International Conven- women, bearing their own expenses couver (trains direct to ship-side) tion of the Disciples of Christ, In- and ready to work at all kinds of hard and Victoria: dianapolis, Ind. jobs and endure many hardships dur- Fastest by Direct Express ing their vacation. Some will serve October 12-United Lutheran Church as aids to doctors and nurses, while Empress of Russia •• July 16-Sept. 10 in America, Philadelphia, Pa. others work on one of the mission Empress of Asia ..••• Aug. 13-0ct. 8 ships. October 18-24-Five Years Meeting Fastest via Honolulu of the Society of Friends, Richmond, *** Indiana. Empress of Japan ••• July 30-Sept. 24 Dr. John Stuart Conning, for the Empress of Canada •• Aug. 27-0ct. 22 Personal Items past thirteen years superintendent of Jewish Evangelization of the Presby- Information, reservations, from Dr. E. Stanley Jones of India has terian Board of National Missions, your own agent, or Canadian Pacific accepted the invitation of the National has reached the retiring age in that offices in New York, Philadelphia, Christian Council of China to come Board but is still more vigorous than Chicago, Montreal and 31 other to China August 23 to December 15 many men at fOlty. He has been cities in United States and Canada. to hold a series of special conferences elected secretary and director of the and evangelistic meetings for Chinese. Joint Department on the Christian CANADIAN Five interdenominational and regional Approach to the Jews under the PACIFIC conferences are planned. Dr. H. H. auspices of the Home Missions Coun- Tsui of Shanghai is in charge of the cil. Dr. Wm. Chauncey Emhart, of arrangements. the Protestant Episcopal Church, is Chairman of the Executive Connnittee *** and Dr. Franklin F. Fry, of the United Lutheran Church, is vice- The Rev. Akira Ebisawa, general chairman. Half of the $8,000 will be secretary of the National Christian provided by the Presbyterian Board Council of Japan, and a number of of National Missions. The remainder· other Japanese Christian leaders and is expected from other boards and in- missionaries, went to China in March dividual contributors.

(Continued on 3d Cover) ~ THE BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS ~ ~————————————————-.

DEPARTMENT OF ANNUITIES YOUR GIFT NOW WILL BRING TO YOU THE BLESSING OF GIVING WHILE LIVING AND THE GUARANTEE OF THE BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS THAT YOU WILL HAVE AN INCOME FOR LIFE ERNEST F. HALL, Secretary 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH IN THE U. S. A.

Chat THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE

This is .our special H.ome Mis- DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor si.on study number. It has been prepared with the help .of the Vol. LV JULY-AUGUST, 1932 N.o. 7-8 H.ome Missi.ons C.ouncil C.ommittee .on the American Indian. Page We ackn.o*wle*dge* with grati- FRONTISPIECE-FORMER ENEMIES, NOW FRIENDS tude particularly the help, .of TOPICS OF THE TIMES ………………………………… 387 Bish.op Hugh L. Burles.on, Dr. A. J. M.ontg.omery, Mrs. F. W. Our Creditor. the Indian The Hudson Taylor Centenary Wilc.ox, Dr. F. F. Fry, Miss Harnessing Youthful Enthusiasm Anne Seesh.oltz and the writers .of the articles. OUR PREDECESSOR, THE INDIAN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 391 Unf.ortuna*tely* a* few .of the By the Rt. Rev. Hugh L. Burleson. D.D.• recently a Missionary Bishop of the Pro- testant Episcopal Church articles prepared have been cr.owded .out .of this number- AMERICAN INDIANS-PAGAN AND CHRISTIAN ………….. 395 in spite .of its enlarged sizeand may be expected later. One By Richard H. Harper, Missionary of the Reformed Church in America by Dr. Th.omas C. M.offett, auth.or .of "On the New Indian THE INDIAN PROBLEM APPROACHES SOLUTION ………… 399 Trail," deals m.ost interestingly with "Indian Missi.ons at Their By Dr. Ray Lyman Wilbur, Secretary of tl1e Interior, United States Government * Best." ARE MISSIONS TO INDIANS EFFECTIVE? …………..•… 401 The prospectu*s "*for this num- By the Rev. Henry Roe Cloud, Ph.D., a Yinnebago Indian; President of the American Indian Institute, Vichita. Kansas ber has been enthusiastically received. One s.ociety .of the A NEW DAY IN INDIAN EDUCATION ……………………. 405 Presbyterian Church (S.outh) has .ordered 250 c.opies in ad- By the Rev. Floyd O. Burnett, Sherman Institute, Riverside, California vance-to be used f.or mission study classes. INDIAN ROMANCE AND REALITY ….. ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 409 HOW MANY WILL YOU By Ataloa, a Chickasaw Indian Princess USE? INDIAN VIEWS OF MISSIONS TO INDIANS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 412 Our next *issu*e o*f THE RE- '''hy Give the Gospel to Indians, by W. DaYid Owl (Cherokee) VIEW will appear September Our Friends the Missionaries, by Simon J. Kirk (Sioux) 1st. Do not miss it. Among Another Indian's Viewpoint, by Horace 'Villiams (Pima) the articles you will wish to read are: A MISSIONARY VIEW OF THE PROBLEM ……………….. 415 NEW OPPORTUNITIES IN By the Rev. F. A. Johnson, Presbyterian Missionary to the Dakota (Sioux) Indians PERSIA TWICE BORN INDIANS I HAVE KNOWN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417 By Dr. Rolla E. Hoffman By the Rev. Bruce Kinney, D.D., Director of Indian Missions, American Baptist Home RELIGION BY EVOLUTION Mission Society .

OR REVELATION INDIANS WHO HAVE MADE GOOD ……………………… 419 By Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer An Apache Brave, by Alf. M. 'Cp!egger A Little Indian Cripple, by G. F. 'Veinland A TRANSLATOR'S EXPERI- The Story of Yellow Bird, by ·William H. Gable The Romance of Sitting Crow, by C. L. Hall and Mrs. R. D. Hall ENCE IN AFRICA How an Indian Found God, by C. L. Hall By A. W. Banfield WHERE ARE THE UNEVANGELIZED INDIANS? ………… 427 WHAT SUCCESS IN By G. E. E. LindQuist, Author of "The Red Man in America"; Missionary-at-Large. MADAGASCAR? Society for Propagating the Gospel Among Indians and Others in North America By W. Kendall Gale INDIAN MISSIONARIES TO INDIANS ……………………. 430 By ~fary M.· Crawford, a Presbyterian Missionary to the Nez Perces Indians LOOK FO*R *OU*R CHINA THE NEED FOR CHRISTIAN COOPERATION ……………… 432 NUMBER! By the Rev. G. WatermuJder, Field Secretary for Indian Work. Reformed Church in The October issue will be de- America voted to the great land and people of China-with articles THE INDIAN SPEAKS FOR HIMSELF……………………. 434 by travelers, Chinese, missi.onaries and .others. At the Parting of the 'Vays, by Esau Joseph (Apache) Through the Eyes of a Young Indian, by Cyril Rouillard (Sioux) THE OCTOBER REVIEW The Future of the Indian, by Stewart Lewis (Pima) The Hope of the Indian, by Grace Eastman Moore WHAT R*EA*DE*RS SAY SOME INDIAN CHRISTIAN LEADERS………… . . . . . . . . . . . .. 436 "In my judgment The MIS- SIONARY REVIEW .of the Walker and Booth. by George Logie WORLD is the most remark- Morongo, by G. F. Weinland able, comprehensive and effec- Rogers, Hawk and Pierre, by Louise A. Johnson tive interdenominati.onal, missi.onary magazine in the world. EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING ……………………….. 439 I have taken it for years." Edited by Mrs. Estella S. Aitchison A. Z. CONRAD, Pastor .of the Park Street Church, Bost.on, BULLETIN OF COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS … 444 Mass. Edited by Miss Anne Seesholtz OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK ………………………….. 448 WHAT TO READ ON THE AMERICAN INDIAN… . . . . . . . . . . . .. 461 By May Huston. Associate Secretary of the Board of Education, Northern Baptist Con. vention Publication Office 40 S. Meridian St., Indianapolis, Indiana Editorial and Business Office 156 Fifth Avenue, New York ,City Entered as second-class matter at Post-Office, Indianapolis, Ind., under ,Act of March 3, 1879.

25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year Foreign Postage 50 cents a year Published monthly-All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1932 by the MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING CO., INC.

BOARD OF. DIRECTORS ROBERT E. SPEEB, President SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT MILTON J. STAUFFER WM. I. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD A. L. W ARNSHUlS WM. B. LIPPHARD SAMUEL M. ZWEMER WALTER McDoUGALL, Treasurer DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary ERIC M. NORTH

Enemies Now

These scenes are from an educational film produced by the Beacon Films, Inc., New York. The picture tells the Story of the ,Red Man in North America. It was made by W. Douglas Burden and Wm. C. Chanler who reproduced Indian atmos- phere and scenes with a group of 200 Ojibway Indians to give an authentic and historic picture of Indian life. It is en- dorsed by educational and :religious work- ers for use in churches, schools and mis- sionary gatherings. Chief Chauncey Yel- low Robe is one of the principal characters.

LEFT-INDIAN SIGN LANGUAGE FOR "MANY TREES," BELOW-CHIEF YELLOW ROBE AT HOME RECOUNTING HIS AI)..

VENTURES. REVIB ORLD AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS VOLUME LV JULY-AUGUST, 1932 NUMBER SEVEN-EIGHT Topics of the Times OUR CREDITOR-THE INDIAN where Indians are congregated. Many Indian evangelists; pastors and teachers have been The first inhabitants of our American continent trained and are working among their own peoform the topic for Home Mission study during the ple. Unfortunately there are still many entirely coming year. While the North American Indi- unevangelized and some who are unreached by ans ,are not numerous-only about 350,000-they the Gospel. Dr. Lindquist and others in this ishave a remarkable history. When first discov- sue of the REVIEW tell of some results of the work ered by the explorers from Europe, the Indians and of the still unfinished task. gave evidence of higher ideas of God, a better moral code and were more advanced in arts and Paying Our Debt some sciences than any other aboriginal people. Compare them, for instance, with the aboriginals The following Home Mission Boards, respondof Africa, of the South Sea Islands, of Australia, ing to a questionnaire, give information about or even of northern Europe before the Christian their work for these American aborigines: era. The North American aborigines, and their kindred in Central and South America, showed Reformed Church in America-conducts five missions many evidences of noble character, intelligence for Indians-in Nebraska, New Mexico and Oklahoma. and civilized development. Their history, tradi- They cooperate with the government in caring for school tions, beliefs, characteristics and customs are pic- children, in community work,' clubs, clinics, dispensary, turesque and interesting. It is almost inexplica- and church and Sunday school work. At some stations ble that, with such a background and such possi- they have dormitories, educational classes, health probilities, they have not progressed more in the grams and encourage native industries. The principal four hundred years since the first European set- tribes reached are the Winnebago, the Apache, the tlers came into contact with them. Today every Arapaho and the Comanche. Some of the work is be- Indian in the United States should be a fully coming self-supporting and the Christians are working civilized Christian. That only one-third are now among the Indians of the neighborhood. Christians, over 50,000 are still unevangelized and many are ignorant pagans following their The Baptist Southern Convention has 21 workers among primitive customs and worship, is the fault of Indians at forty church or mission centers. They count the white settlers who, in many instances, failed 200,000 Indians as in Southern Baptist territory. Many to keep faith with them, drove them from their of the churches have become self-supporting. The misland, too often have shown them the vices rather sion fields are chiefly in Oklahoma among the Osage at than the virtues of civilization, have failed to Pawhuska, the Pawnee, Chiloccoes, the Ponca and Kaw, treat them as brothers, even as Christians have Kickapoo, Sac, Fox, Otoe and Iowa Indians. There is also bewildered them by the rivalries of a divided work among the Navajos in New Mexico, the Choctaws Church, and have not adequately shared with the in Mississippi and others in southern Alabama and North Red Men their knowledge of Christ and the Chris- Carolina. tian Way of Life. The Presbyterian Church in the U. S. ,is working Since the days of John Eliot in 1646 the Bible among the Chickasaws and Choctaws in Oklahoma, the has been partly translated into ten Indian tongues Alabamas in Texas, the Catawbas in South Carolina, the and systematic efforts have been made to win the Cherokees in North Carolina and the Seminoles in Florida. Red Men to Christ. Today some forty Protestant This work is evangelistic and educational. There are 18 societies are conducting schools and evangelistic organized Indian churches with 548 members. Six missions in various reservations and settlements churches have native pastors. Much attention is given to Sabbath school, young people's and women's work. The Oklahoma Presbyterian college at Durant has 165 stu- dents, half of whom are from five Indian tribes.

The Friends Mission, in Oklahoma, ministers to over 2,500 Indians by, visiting institutes, clubs, clinics, recrea- tion projects, libraries, Bible teaching, week-day religious education and other religious meetings. The Friends mission stations in Oklahoma are located among the Wy- andotte, Seneca, Cherokee, Modoc, Osage, Kickapoo and [387 ]

Shawnee Indians. The Philadelphia Friends also operate estant denominations .and societies are conducting the Tunesassa Indian School at Quaker Bridge, New York. Christian missions among some fifty tribes of North American Indians. About one-half of The Christian Reformed Church is doing effective work these missions-including the larger ones-ten for the Indians with a budget of $104,000. A boarding years ago reported 597 churches, with 160 white school for 120 Navajos is conducted at Rehoboth, New and 268 Indian ministers, 550 Indian helpers and Mexico, and a day school at Zuni, with 42 workers, of 32,164 communicant members. The mission whom nine are Indians. The work is educational, medical schools number 38 and 2,262 pupils, and the total and evangelistic. There are 10,000 Navajos in the west- annual appropriations to all the work amount to ern New Mexico territory allotted to this denomination. about $750,000. Protestant adherents are esti- Some 600 of these are enrolled in the church. mated to number 80,000 and Roman Catholics 60,000. This leaves 200,000 as non-Christians. The Methodist Episcopal Church is working among the Cherokees at Pembroke, North Carolina, on the Onondaga, How long will it take to evangelize the Ameri- Iroquois and St. Regis Reservations, New York; on eleven can Indians at the present rate of progress? The reservations in Michigan, two in Wisconsin, two in Min- Government by adopting the policy, not of segrenesota, one in Montana, three in Washington, three in Ore- gation and of political and economic dependence gon, two in California and one in Nevada. Their work is for the Indian, but by systematic education and educational, evangelistic and social. amalgamation with the white race is endeavoring to promote independence, brotherhood and citizen- The American Missionary Association (Congrega- ship. When will the Christian churches all unite tional) is working among the Sioux, Hidatsa, Mandan and (without overlapping or neglect) in a program to Ree Indians of North and South Dakota. There are give every American Indian an opportunity to twenty-two churches and seven other stations. The old- hear and understand the Gospel, and to take his est station and educational center is at Santee, Nebraska, rightful place in the Kingdom of God? with 85 boarding pupils and 29 day pupils. There is also a correspondence school for Bible training with 130 stu- HUDSON TAYLOR AND THE C. I. M. dents enrolled, a hospital and a press. There are 10 ordained Indian pastors. One hundred years ago (May 21, 1832) there was born in Yorkshire, England, .a boy who, by the Presbyterian Board of National Missions conducts grace of God, was destined to have a remarkable work for Indians in seventeen states and in five more influence on China and on the course of Christian states through Synods. They reach 27 tribal groups and missions. The anniversary of his birth was rehave 124 organized churches, with evangelistic and edu- cently celebrated in four continents. This young cational work; a hospital and school at Ganado, New man, James Hudson Taylor, was obliged to leave Mexico; a boarding school at Tucson, Arizona; and at school at thirteen, but heard the call of God to be Phoenix a church of 450 members, a tuberculosis sanita- a missionary to the unreached millions in the inrium, religious work among 600 pupils in the government terior of China and sailed for that distant land school, and a training school for Christian leaders. at the age of twenty-one under the China Evan- gelization Society. When he returned to Eng- The Northern Baptist Home Mission Society (with the land seven years later he had visited several inte- Women's Society) maintain 44 missionaries and churches rior provinces of the Celestial Empire. In 1866 for Indians of 15 tribes in Oklahoma, Arizona, Montana, he founded the China Inland Mission, on the basis Nevada, and California. Several of the churches are of evangelism, complete trust in God for sup- "moving toward self-support." Bacone College, Okla- port, keeping free from debt, and adherence to the homa, is a successful Baptist institution, with 316 pupils teachings of the Bible. As a result of sixty-five from 32 tribes enrolled in grades from the kindergarten years of faithful missionary testimony, this misthrough Junior college. sion has now over twelve hundred missionaries on the field, over twice as many as any other soci- The Protestant Episcopal Church is working among ety. They are located in 297 inland centers and 75,000 Indians of 14 tribes in 15 states, from New York in nearly 2,000 out-stations in sixteen provinces to California, and in Alaska. They include preaching, or- of China. They have won more than 130,000 ganizing churches, religious training, education and medi- Chinese to Christ, of whom 75,000 are now living cal work. The outstanding mission in South Dakota was communicants. Today they have over 3,000 enbegun some 60 years ago by Bishop William Hobart Hare, listed as Chinese Christian workers; of these, and more than one-half of the 25,000 Indians have been 1,900 are volunteers and 57 are ordained pastors. baptized. Approximately 100 Episcopal congregations are In the last two years, while practically all misscattered over nine reservations, practically all in charge sionary and philanthropic societies have reported of Indian workers. large deficits and decreased budgets, the China Inland Mission, without making public appeals The Moravians began work among the Indians when they first landed in America in 1734. Since then they have continued to evangelize and to educate the Red Men. They have carried on no less than 32 industrial and farm enterprises, using all the net profits for mission work. The Moravians have built over 30 Indian mission towns, each with its church and school.

The United Christian Missionary Society (Disciples) is doing an excellent work with some 40 Yakima Indian boys and girls on an 80-acre farm at White Swan, Washington. The boys and girls live in a Christian home and attend the public school.

According to the "Mission Statistics," published in 1922 in "The Red Man in the United States" by G. E. E. Lindquist, twenty-eight Prot-

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

for funds, and without incurring debt, has been Fifth: In acceptance of the Bible as divinely enabled to maintain its usual budget and has inspired and inerrant. This includes absolute equipped and sent out two hundred new mission- belief in all the teachings of the Bible as of final aries. authority. Diligent Bible study and obedience to The China Inland Mission leaders do not claim the Scriptures as God's revealed word are expect- greater faith than is shown by other followers of ed of every C. 1. M. missionary and Bible teaching Christ. They do not claim that their methods is a part of all their missionary work.

and principles are the only ones that conform to Sixth: In believing prayer as a method of New Testament standards. They do not set work. The place of prayer is emphasized as the themselves or their mission as a model for others, means of keeping vital contact with the Heavenly but they seek prayerfully, intelligently and con- Father. Effort without prayer is wasted-in the sistently to follow the example and teachings of home offices, in the selection of candidates, in the Christ and the apostolic missionary methods. supply of material needs and in all matters of per- Some Missionary Ideals sonal life and effective service. Seventh: In conscious cooperation with the The results of the China Inland Mission work Holy Spirit. He must be depended upon to bring testify to the fact that God has honored their conviction of sin, new spiritual life, understand- Founder's ideals and has shown His partnership ing of spiritual things, and power for a fruitful with them by signally blessing their efforts, by in- service. Without the Spirit of God working in creasingly providing support for the work, and by and through men and women obedient to Him no giving them rich spiritual harvests. The Mission abiding work can be accomplished.

has remained true to the ideals of Hudson Taylor, In many other respects Hudson Taylor set an as he followed his Master: example which all missionary workers and or- First: Independence on God as the direct ganizations may foHow, even as he followed Source for guidance, for the supply of workers Christ. He had his faults and failings, but his and funds, and for protection. With the C. 1. M. courage and zeal, his humility and sincerity, his these matters are all made subjects for continual devotion to Christ and his love for men, his spirit believing prayer, and without resource to direct of forgiveness and his patience, his practical appeals for help from human sources. sagacity and his holiness were marked by those who knew him best. Second: In the primary emphasis on evangelism. This is based on a belief in the vital need In the past sixty-five years many missions have of all men for salvation through Christ and on been patterned largely on the lines of the China the conviction that apart from Christ men are Inland Mission. They have enlisted and sent out eternally lost. Secular education, social service thousands of workers into the great unevangeland similar movements for temporal betterment ized fields. Great is our debt to Hudson Taylor are considered to be of secondary importance and for the way in which he saw and endeavored to not a vital part of evangelical missionary work. obey the will of God. It is a tribute to his lead- ership-or discipleship-that many of the larger Third: In giving a chief place to pioneer work denominational mission boards today increasingly in neglected and unevangelized fields. This is in acknowledge the importance of many principles contrast to-though not necessarily in conflict on which the China Inland Mission is founded.

with-extensive institutional enterprises. Edu- cation, medical and social work, when engaged in, HARNESSING YOUTHFUL ENT.HUSIASM are wholly for the purpose of winning men to youth is a period of energy. Young people Christ and to prepare Christians for lives of ef- naturally are eager to be doing something. They fective service. Hudson Taylor did not believe in are ready to follow a leader, if he leads to definite building up large, expensive and elaborate institu- action-in sports, in pleasure, in science, in adtions, and thought that this was usually done at venture, in the State, in society or in world afthe expense of simple evangelism. fairs. Jesus was the leader of young men in a Fourth: In emphasis on personal sacrifice. world crusade for righteousness and the Kingdom In many fields today missionaries live in compara- of God. Youth enlisted in the crusades in the tive ease and comfort-under physical conditions middle ages and fought to win the Holy City from similar to those in America. Hudson Taylor be- the "infidel." The Student Volunteer Movement lieved in a soldier or a pioneer life, without guar- for Foreign Missions, the Y. M. C. A. and Y. W.

anteed salary or dependence on government aid C. A. and Christian Endeavor were youth move- for the work or financial reserves for personal ments, inspired by religious idealism and they needs. harnessed enthusiasm for service. The World

War was fought by the youth of the world, who There are also other crusades in which the made inestimable sacrifices in the hope of bring- youth of the world can well enlist. These causes ing world-wide liberty and security. call for all their enthusiasm, courage, spirit of adventure, idealism and sacrifice. Such are the Today the youth are impatient at delays. They causes for sane law-making and loyallaw-observare dissatisfied with conditions and with progress ance; a crusade for temperance and self-control made in economic betterment, in social improve- in the best interest of personal and social welments and in national and international right- fare; a crusade for industrial and political honeousness and peace. But they are without ade- esty, justice and brotherhood; a crusade for matequate ideals, experience and leadership. There- rial self-improvement and equal opportunity for fore they are divided. Some have determined all races and ages and classes; a crusade for perthat money and pleasure are, after all, the great sonal and social purity of mind and action. These desideratum and they endeavor to obtain them by crusades will help to save the world from the fair means or foul. Others are still convinced chaos toward which we seem to be moving. that ideals are worth working for, through public agitation and personal sacrifice; some depend But the greatest and the basic crusade of all wholly on human instrumentality through politi- is one into which the youth of the world may cal activity or organized effort, others depend throw all their strength of body, mind and spirit more upon God and seek to cooperate with Him -it is the crusade to enlist men and women in through prayer and Christian activities. full surrender to God as He has made Himself and His Way of Life known through Jesus Christ. There is great need today for youth crusades- The failure of most crusades is that they leave crusades for temperance, honesty, personal puri- God and His laws out of account. They depend ty, social and economic betterment and Christian on human organization, resources and leadership, discipleship. We need the enthusiasm of youth, rather than on God's power and direction. The the spirit of daring and adventure, the readiness Christian missionary crusade is one that is to attempt seemingly impossible tasks and to suf- worthy of all the devotion, the zeal, the sacrifice fer for a worthy cause. that men and women can give to the cause. It is nothing less than full partnership with God in There are many of these youth crusades in making men God-like in character and in bringprogress today–one is that for world peace and ing the whole world into harmony with His proworld friendship. Students generally are in fa- gram of life and love. It is a crusade that invor of a strict limitation of armaments and the cludes every other high ideal and worthy causeelimination of compulsory military training. It temperance, moral purity, economic justice, law is reported that fifty thousand people took part observance, better race relations, international recently in the European Youth Crusade for Dis- peace and world friendship. The only true and armament; six hundred addresses were given on lasting foundation for a better personal life and the subject in one hundred and fifty meetings, for better human relationships is right relations which brought together audiences of from 260 to with God, the Creator and Ruler of the universe. 1,600 people. The crusade was launched by the He has. revealed Himself and His Way of Life International Fellowship of Reconciliation. The through Jesus Christ and the New Testament. meeting held in Geneva on April 3rd passed reso- Here is a Leader worthy of all honor and unlutions calling for total disarmament, following a swerving loyalty. Here is a cause·worthy of our fifty per cent reduction, in five years. The cru- fullest devotion–of energy of mind and body, of saders also called for the prohibition of weapons all our possessions and of life itself. The most of aggression and for abolition of compulsory cheering fact is that if we enlist in this Cause we military service. The intelligent people of the are in partnership with God Himself; such enlistearth as a whole are opposed to war and to milita- ment brings new strength and joy and usefulness rism. Physical warfare breeds hatred, disease, to many, and victory is assured. poverty, selfishness, irreligion and death. Civi- lized nations should find a sane and friendly way to settle disputes.

TEN MISSIONARY MOTIVES Northwestern University presents a study of motives which actuate student volunteers. The following ten motives received high- est rating: (1) "Because I desire to share. Christ as the solution of the world's needs." (2) "Because I feel it to be God's will for me." (3) "Because I desire to share with other people the advantages and privileges I enjoy as a Christian." (4) "Obedience to the command of Christ, 'Go ye therefore.''' (5) "Because of the need of non-Christian peoples for Christ." (6) "Foreign field offers the greatest opportunity for life investment." (7) "Love for foreign peoples." (8) "Relatively greater need in foreign fields." (9) "The belief that world peace and brotherhood are to be most effectively promoted through missions." (10) "Because I feel the foreign field offers a wider field of service." Apparently men are more objective in their motives than women, giving first place to the sharing impulse, while the women put first, "Because I feel it to be God's will for me." The women ranked "obedience to Christ's command" third, while tbe men put it eighth. Cungregationaiist.

Predecessor, the

By the RT. REV. HUGH L. BURLESON, D. D., New York Recently a Missionary Bishop of the Protestant Episcopal Church I T is never an easy task to portray another hu- to resort to the draft. He drew himself up with man being. Indeed, we find it difficult enough quiet dignity and said: "Why not? It was our to explain ourselves to ourselves. But when country before it was yours."

portrayal concerns one of totally different race, It is this man of the forests and prairies, whose culture, color and environment, the difficulty is ancestors peered from between the trees at the multiplied. great white sea-bird which landed the first Euro- It certainly is not easy to analyze the American pean settlers, who so uniformly met kindness with Indian. His feeling that he is an outsider in the kindness, inj ustice with dignified protest and white man's world-if not a cruelty with ruthless reprisal- nuisance to be gotten rid of- it is this man whom I would his high sense of personal dig- Bishop Burleson is counted as introduce to you. He is my nity and self-respect, combine a member of two Indian tribes, friend, and I trust him. He to isolate him, even where he the Oneidas and the Dakotas. has sometimes let me glimpse may have close contacts with When a boy his father was a the things that are within his what we call civilization. He missionary to the Oneidas soul. possesses his own soul rather and he himself was for fifteen closely and rather jealously in .years Missionary Bishop of First let me voice my belief the presence of the white man. that the Indian is more natu- rally religious than the white Also there are Indians and South Dakota. His contacts man. I mean fundamentally Indians. The nomad of the with Indians have been varied and seriously religious; count- northwestern prairies is as dif- and life-long, and his estimate ing himself as part of a uni- ferent from his brother in New of them is based upon an un- verse ruled by a Great Spirit Mexico and California as is the usual experience. to whom he is individually re- Scandinavian from the Italian. lated. Why this is true I do No man is equipped to speak not presume to say. Perhaps with authority concerning all Indians. What you because he is a man of the outdoors, living his see in the Indian will depend largely upon two life in an ordered world and with the sense of things: Your personal ability to discriminate, divine oversight. We who dwell in wildernesses and the intensity of your prejudice in favor of the of brick and mortar, setting up machinery to traditions and culture which are in the back- make life good, separated from the source of di- ground of our own race. Our unconscious as- vine power by innumerable secondary agencies, sumption, in the case of any race which differs are slower to apprehend this relationship. The from us in language, customs or color, is that they Indian was closer to the deep springs of life, in are thereby inferior. Perhaps we are by way of which he divined an eternal purpose. I have overcoming this; if not, may God help us, and pro- never known an Indian atheist-though we may tect the future of His world! perhaps develop them by our contacts.

Let us look at the man who was our predeces- The whole life of the Indian was influenced by sor in this land, and who still remembers that religion. When he went out of the door of his fact. I shall not soon forget the courteous retort tepee in the morning he said a prayer to the spirit made by a dignified Indian at the time of our who sent the day. When he smoked his pipe cere- entrance into the World War. I had commented monially he raised it to the four winds and mur- appreciatively upon the fact that the Indian young mured a thank;ggiving to him who sent the good men were volunteering with such promptness and things of life. Most of the Indian dances had loyalty that in no district of South Dakota which originally a religious significance. Religion, crude included an Indian reservation was it necessary though its expression might be, was a daily ex- [ 391]

perience in life. Therefore the first thing I see The next characteristic of the Indian which I in the soul of the Indian is this simple belief in mention may seem a little surprising. It is his God as an active and immediate presence; the keen sensibility-a quick perception of shadings, concept of the spiritual lying back of the mate- relations, and the significance of the things he rial. Because of this fact one may feel strong sees. We are apt to estimate the Indian as natuhope of success where the Gospel of Jesus Christ rally dull and stupid because of his marvelous is simply and sincerely presented. Our Master makes His appeal to the Red Man-perhaps even AN EPISCOPAL CONVOCATION FOR THE DAKOTA a stronger one than to us. INDIANS The Indian Character self-control. If we have outgrown the childhood The second characteristic which I would men- idea-implanted by American histories and nourtion is the fundamental integrity of the Indian ished by our forefathers-that he is a human character-that something which, lying at the tiger, ruthless, blood-thirsty, incapable of kindroots of racial life, distinguishes a people as in- ness or pity, let us learn to regard him as a human herently trustworthy. This may seem a strange being like ourselves, capable of being generous, assertion when one recalls the popular picture of kindly, affectionate, and quickly responsive to the the Indian as naturally a liar and full of deceit deep realities of life. Perhaps here again the Inand treachery. But remember, we white men dian has the advantage over us in having been have written all the histories, and so had the ad- compelled to train this sensibility in a life lived close to nature. Upon his ability to see clearly, A LITTLE INDIAN AT HOME to judge unerringly and to act promptly, his own safety and that of those dear to him constantly vantage of depicting the Indian in any guise depended. In nature and in men, on the face of suited to our purpose. In the process we have the sky and amid trees of the forest, he found created a caricature which often amounted to a and interpreted the facts which governed his life. slander. When and if the story of our own dealings with Indians is honestly told, with a just es- Out of this keen sensibility to relations and protimate of backgrounds and conditions, we shall prieties grows the natural dignity and self-respect take shame to ourselves that such a record of of the Indian. Normally he conducts himself with spoliation, deceit and callous cruelty could have more native propriety and courtesy than do those been written. OUTSIDE THE CONVOCATION TENT I gladly testify that there is no more steadfast friend than the Indian, when he encounters real who feel themselves his superiors. I have often friendship. Those who have lived in close and been mortified by the contrast presented when kindly relations with these primitive people have white visitors have attended our large Indian found in them a stability and strength of char- gatherings. Gentlefolk though these visitors acter which could be counted upon with confi- counted themselves, they were not always considdence. erate. To them it was a show, and they poked about among the tents and thoughtlessly intruded They are not always good, nor always wise, but upon the privacy of groups and individuals. But they are fundamentally trustworthy to those who not even such bad manners clouded the courtesy deserve their trust. Not even their bitter expe- and hospitality of the Indian. rience at the hands of the white man has been able to twist and distort them into a semblance of those creatures which one finds described on the pages of some of our histories.

OUR PREDECESSOR, THE INDIAN

Another characteristic which must have im- grave bears the name "Hole-in-the-Day." What pressed even the casual reader or observer is the a stupid distortion! "Hole-in-the-Day" was the Indian's poetic temperament. He thinks and son of a young Chippewa chief who went on the speaks in pictures. His names are descriptions war-path against my people, the Dakotas. He had rather than convenient labels like our own. His been married only a -few months and he wished thoughts move in harmony with the manifesta- to make a record as a leader. For the first time tions of nature. He is conscious of being vitally he led a war-party, with strategy and courage; connected with a vital world. He sees its beauty, but he adventured himself so bravely that though . its complexity, its peril, and voices these in his the party came back victorious they brought their speech. This makes him a natural orator, in the dead chief with them. Shortly afterward a son true sense of that word. Figures and symbols are was born, and his mourning mother called him his medium of expression. Philip Deloria, one of our most eloquent and effective Dakota ministers, addressing the white clergy, whose average stay in the mission field was rather brief, said: "My brothers, will you not stay long enough among us to leave the print of your heels-many of you go through on your toes."

I have heard descriptions from what we would consider uncouth and ignorant Indians, which, though unique in their English, were striking in their literary content. Frequently they speak in parables which are admirable, and use illustrative anecdotes after the manner of Lincoln.

Seated at a campfire I once heard an Indian telling, to the keen satisfaction of his listeners, a story of their first experience with milch cattle, whom they called "tame buffalo/' Two Indiansone a simple-minded person, and the other rather a clever rascal-had purchased a cow, making equal payments. The simple-minded Indian who had made the first payment had taken for granted that one of them would have the morning milk and the other the evening, but he soon discovered that no matter when he arrived the cow had already been milked. Naturally he made an earnest protest, whereupon his partner explained: "You do not understand. You paid for first half of CHIEF OLD CROW AND HIS WIFE tame buffalo, I paid for last half. You feed your end; lmilk mine 1" The picturesque way in which the "Rift-in-the-Cloud." The name suggests a the incident was described cannot be reproduced, picture of a long dark day of cloud and rain, of but it is such a story as Lincoln would have liked shadow and sobbing trees; then, just as the sun -and would have used to good effect. It might sets, its rays break through a rift in the cloud not be inappropriate now, when some politicians and shine across the plain. Therefore the mother blandly expect us to feed the front half while looked upon this son of her dead husband as a rift they milk the rear. in the cloud of her sorrow. But the unpoetic white man called him "Hole-in-the-Day" and, even One of the greatest minor disservices which we have done to the Indian is in our crude transla- after he was dead, raised a monument on which tion of names. Many of them carry today absurd was inscribed that stupid name. cognomens, fastened upon them by some unlettered or unimaginative white man who years ago A fifth characteristic' of the Indian is his in- stinctive desire for leadership. Herein lies our translated these names into English. When chief encouragement to hope for his progress amazed or amused by some outlandish Indian toward the place that he should have in our naname we should do well to discover whether the tional life. This also is ingrained in the history white translator had not distorted and degraded of his ancestors. Notwithstanding the real dean idea which had real beauty and significance. mocracy existing in an Indian village or tribe, For example: A Chippewa chief lies buried on based upon their sense of responsibility each for a reservation in Minnesota, and the stone over his the other, there was aristocracy as well, but it

was not inherited unless a man proved himself from our own. Yet thus, and thus only, has the deserving. The son of a great chief was welcomed religion of Christ ever made permanent and satisto leadership, if he would prove himself a real factory progress. In developing such leadership leader. To attain such a distinction was the am- we have yet a long way to go. But those who bition which fired every Indian lad and strength- have lived intimately with the Indian know many ened him to endure hardship, suffering, danger, a fine spirit, sincerely devoted to our Lord and and even death, without a quiver. Master, which has shown the best fruits of Chris- tian discipleship and has become a light among The Indian was a traditional communist: .That people who sat in darkness. The capacity is is, he thought and acted in terms of his group; there; its awakening and developing should be his highest ambition was to serve his group. With our constant care, for no race has ever been or is the break-up of the old life, tribal and communal likely to be effectively evangelized except by the relations underwent an inevitable change. Scat- voice of its own. tered upon allotments and trying to learn the white man's way of life, the ties that bound them Imperfectly, and only partially, I have pictured have been greatly relaxed. But their desire for our predecessor, the Indian. He has qualities leadership still continues, and under the new con- worthy of esteem, and abilities that should conditions opportunities for it are emerging. tribute much to our American life. Not all of them are "noble red men." There are weaklings The future of any people is dependent upon the and rascals among them-as there are among ourdevelopment of leaders from among themselves. selves. Their customs differ from our own-some We have learned this lesson in our missionary are better, some worse; but at their best they are work-though sometimes too slowly. No amount real people, of sound character, mental and physiof effective and energetic leadership from outside cal capacity, potential loyalty and a simple mystican be an adequate substitute. It has been a com- cism which looks at life through understanding mon failure of Qur missionary policy that we hesi- eyes. tate to give responsibility and to expect results. We have thought it better for the white man to Surely as our Lord looks upon these children hold these things in his own hand. We thought of nature, in whose debt we stand for so many we were willing to trust God with the souls of of the things we value, He is repeating those other people, but wanted to keep a firm hold upon words that He spoke in Galilee: "Other sheep those souls ourselves. We were not quite confi- I have, which are not of this fold: them also I dent that the riches of the Gospel could be safely must bring, and they shall hear my voice; and entrusted to strange hands, whose color differed there shall be one flock, and one Shepherd."

The American Indians-Ancient and Modern There are two groups of people unusually concerned about the American Indian. One appears to be cold and utilitarian, the other appears to be idealistic and sympathetic with the cultural traditions of an ancient American civilization. The Secretary of the Depart- ment of the Interior is consistently urging the rapid assimilation of the Indian into Ameri- can life, so that within twenty-five years there may be no further need for separate care and special management of Indians as wards of the government. Most mission boards ac- cept this practical view; the Indian must be saved by a process of Christian assimilation to American life, not by a carefully guarded and subsidized segregation.

But there is a group who want to preserve the primitive culture and encourage the art and customs of the Indians, as a truer expression and realization of their normal life than the imitation of the white man's ways. They object to anything which forces the Indian to adapt himself to new conditions, and to the competition of ordinary relations with the white man. They pass for champions of the weak, when really they encourage backward groups through a false notion of the value of primitive culture. As a matter of fact, only now are we beginning to be free from the galling chains of tradition that bound primitive society. The savage was bound down by an infinity of tabus, which throttled his initiative and his crea- tive ability. Let us not be deceived by the specious arguments of those who oppose prac- tical education and training· of the Indian to face the conditions of modern Anglo-Saxon civilization-because they are hypnotized by the cult of the primitive.

THE CONGREGATIONALIST.

PERFORMING THE ANCIENT BEAR DANCE-SHALL THESE PAGAN CEREMONIES BE PRESERVED?

American Indians-Pagan and Christian .. "::!I By RICHARD H. HARPERt Dulcet New Mexico ): Missionary of the Reformed Church in America T HE American Indian is naturally, like the An Indian may also be a devotee of more than Athenians, "very religious." He lives in a one religion. A believer in spirit worship would world which he believes to be peopled with not, therefore, be excluded from other kinds of spirits, and worships many deities. Whether he religious ceremonies. Peyote followers often atbe a worshipper of the sun, the mountain, the idol, tempt to add to that the worship of Christ. the snake, peyote, or the Christ, the Indian is naturally religious. Before he has learned of the Sun worship is one of the oldest forms of pa- Father God from the missionary, he believes in ganism now practiced by American Indians. It the existence of some magic power or mystery, probably originated in an attempt to combat or which influences human beings and which may be to regulate some of the forces of nature, usually influenced by them. This Power he believes to the sun. If victory attend their efforts they exbe everywhere and in everything-in the moun- pect rain will fall. tains and the plains, in the sun and the stars, the fire and the lightning, the rain and the rivers, The sun worship ceremonies continue for sevthe trees and in certain birds and animals. The eral days, the number varying with the tribe varied forms of worship are but evidences of the which is worshipping. Seven or eight days comreaching out of the Indian heart after God, "if prise the usual period, secret rites filling the first haply they might feel after Him and find Him." three or four days, followed by the public ob- servance. Indian pagan worship is set in many moulds. A few are outstanding and these have many varia- The ancient religious sun dance is initiated tions. The ceremonies connected with peyote by some man who makes a vow and who hopes worship differ, and those followed in Oklahoma thereby to obtain health for his wife, child, or may be different from those used in Nebraska. himself. The "dancers voluntarily partake in the ceremony, though in some northern tribes the priests select the participants. The dance is at- [395 ]

THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF TIlE WORLD [July-August

tended with prayer, singing and fasting; and Indians assert that remarkable cures have resome tribes formerly included torture. Within sulted from its use. the missionary experience of the writer, torture was inflicted in a sun dance in Oklahoma, in a Possibly because of its pain-relieving property camp where two thousand Indians were present. Indians came to believe that there was super- natural power in peyote. They revered it and We well remember an Arapaho young man finally began to worship their desert-grown fruit. whom we had known when he was able to see but The Holy Spirit is thought, by peyote worshipwho now was totally blind. He' went through the pers, to reside in the "bean," to which they pray strenuous sun dance in an effort to regain his as the mediator between God and man. A former sight, only to be disappointed. From personal ob- peyote devotee told the writer that a prayer lik~ servation of several such ceremonies, I believe the following would be offered to their vegetable that no Indian woman takes part in the regular god: public parts of the sun dance, though this is not true of the secret rites. We do not understand the ways of God. But you under- stand His ways. So, we ask you to ask God for what The ghost dance is one of the modern forms of we want. paganism, having begun in Nevada about the year 1888. Tribes in other states, north and south, Thus the peyote has been made to take the place soon adopted ft. Its adherents, following their of Jesus Christ, the mediator between God and Paiute prophet, believed that a messiah was com- man. ing from the northwest; that the white people would be turned to buffalo; and the happy days Peyote worship is usually held at night, in a would be restored when game would again be specially prepared tepee or tent, or in a peyote abundant and the Indians would enjoy full pos- chapel. On a crescent-shaped mound of earth, session of the land. about four inches high, within the sacred tepee, a peyote "button" is placed. In the beginning of Men and women who participated in the ghost the ceremony every worshipper eats four of the dance formed a circle and held hands, facing the beans and then each one sings four peyote songs center of the circle. With a shuffling motion of to the accompaniment of the beating of a drum the feet, to the rhythm of singing, they moved and the shaking of a rattle. About midnight a slowly' sidewise. No musical instrument was baptismal ceremony. is performed. After the used. The writer witnessed a night ceremony of ceremony those present may eat as many beans this sort, with some ninety Indians in the circle. as they wish. One Comanche told the writer that The singing was attractive, the sexes singing in one night he ate one hundred and sixty-but separately and then the two uniting in song. this is doubtful.

After the dance, a woman stepped into the cir- A mental stimulation is produced by eating the cle and stood with hands upheld to the northwest. peyote and the eater experiences a temporary Fervently she prayed, accompanied by weeping, feeling of happiness and peace. Sometimes for the coming of the Indian messiah. There nausea and trembling follow and Indians tell of stood two missionaries of the Cross, who were liv- cases wherein a delirium of fear is produced when ing among these Indians to bring them the mes- the victim thinks that some great, vicious animal sage of the true Messiah, the Son of God, who is about to spring upon him. Wonderful color was waiting to bestow upon them greater gifts effects are also produced on the mind. The cerethan lands and buffalo. monies proceed until daylight, when a song is sung and food is taken. Sometime during the The ghost dance, as a religious ceremony, has night a sick person may be brought in to receive run its course, and is now seldom used. the healing benefit of the peyote ceremony. Later, a dinner is served to those present, including In- Peyote worship is a pagan religion which has dians who have come to visit for the day, but who spread to many tribes, from the southern to the have taken no part in the worship. northern border of the United States. Peyote was introduced to this country from Mexico, where it The continued use of peyote produces diseases has been used for centuries. Botanically, the of the heart, the throat, the stomach. Indians small cactus plant from which the sacred "bean" also allege that some of their number have become is obtained bears the name Lophophora Williamsii temporarily insane from the drug. One Indian or Lophophora Lewinii. In medical literature it declared that after using peyote he became so viois known by the name Anhalonium. The "button" lent that' it was necessary to bind him. The use used by peyote devotees is the fruit of the plant. of anhalonium is undoubtedly harmful, when the In this fruit are three or four poisonous alka- drug is taken in large doses. Peyote worship is a loids, the physical and mental effects of which false religion and the claim that its devotees wormake th.em desired by their habitues. Peyote is ship the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit, is said to be an anodyne, a narcotic relieving pain.

AMERICAN INDIANS-PAGAN AND CHRISTIAN

sacrilegious. Therefore Christians must view it until they are advanced in years accept Christ for as evil. themselves. They say: "The white man's reli- gion is good for our children; but we want to Spirit worship, phallic worship, the bear dance, stay in the 'Indian Road.''' Many of the older and other pagan forms are also used by Indians Indians would accept Christianity if they could in their religious ceremonies. add it to their present religions.

When the missionary comes to a pagan Indian In most government and mission schools on and group with the message of the Gospel of the Son off reservations earnest and effective religious of God for the first time, some elements in their work is carried on. In a number of non-reservaown worship make them ready to listen. The belief in a supreme being; in propitiation for sin; A GOSPEL STREET MEETING FOR INDIANS IN OKLAHOMA in existence after death; their exercise of faith; their use of prayers, songs, meditation, vows, sac- tion government schools religious work directors rifices-all these have to some extent prepared the are employed by the Home Missions Council and Indian mind for the missionary's proclamation. the Council of Women for Home Missions. Good Our pagan friend is not thereby led to accept work is also being done by native Indian ministers Christ. On the contrary, after he finds that in in several tribes. There is need for many more receiving the Christian teaching, he would be com- such workers. pelled to surrender some of the practices which he loves there ensues a battle with himself which False forms of Christianity have also crept in often results in a refusal to enter the "Jesus and have led some astray. Road." Indian Camp Meetings Confession of sin is not prominent in pagan In- An outstanding method of religious work of dian worship, though this does enter into some the Reformed Church in America, in Oklahoma of its forms. Many an Indian says: "I have and Nebraska, has been the camp meeting, held never done anything wrong." Often they do not especially for evangelistic effort. A large meetacknowledge any connection between religion and ing tent is used with a seating capacity of hunconduct. An Indian may be an earnest devotee of dreds. Indians of various tribes pitch their small anyone of a number of pagan religions and yet tents and remain on the camp meeting grounds live an evil life. The predominating element in for several days. An interpreter is provided for pagan religions is not adoration of a deity, nor each tribal group, and at some meetings three or love for a god, but fear. four Indian languages must be used. The mis- sionary preaches in English a sentence or two at In many tribes it has been the custom to offer a time, and, simultaneously, the interpreters give sacrifices to the sun, moon, wind, trees and to the message in their native tongue to their own other deities, in some instances attended with groups. Such a service, with several interpreters, prayer. Human sacrifices were offered by the is carried on without difficulty. Pawnee and other tribes. Infants were some- The songs are in the Indian languages and in times put to death in sacrificial offering. Sun English. Such hymns as "When the Roll Is dance devotees allowed their bodies to be cut; took Called up Yonder" have been translated, and themselves pieces of their own flesh as an offer- while the Indians sing in their own tongue or ing to the sun. Blood was thought to be accept- tongues, the whites sing in English. The effect able to some deities. In our parish in Oklahoma is pleasing and inspiring. was an Arapaho whose arms had received short cuts, crosswise, at intervals of an inch or less, from wrists to shoulders. His body also bore scars from the cutting in the sun dance.

Many objects, not human-such as dogs, food, clothing, corn and tobacco-were offered in sacrifice. Propitiation for sins committed was thought to be obtained through the death or other lesser punishment of a person guilty of an offense against a deity. Human sacrifices were not general among the tribes in the United States.

Indians and Christianity Generally the religion of Christ makes greater headway with Indian youths than with adults. Most of the Christian adults of today, exclusive of the oldest,· heard the message when children. Few of those who do not hear of the Son of God

Camp meetings are strenuous. Each day be- vation, we buried an Apache young man, who had gins with an early morning prayer meeting. A been brought up in a pagan home. He had taken second service follows at ten and others are held his own life. The father had to be watched to preat three and eight o'clock. Children's meetings, vent him from committing suicide after the son's gatherings for youth, and workers' conferences death. The mother, a strong medicine woman, in are also a part of the program. Bible study, tes- an abandon of grief and an agony of despair, beat timony, preaching-these feature the meetings. her breast with her clenched hand. Her pagan be- Evangelism is prominent. liefs gave her no comfort as she looked into the face of her dead son. The belief that all Indians are stolid and unemotional is dispelled when the observer sees with For the Indians, as for those of other races, how much earnestness they take part in the camp the words of Peter are true: "There is none meetings. Many Indians have been brought to a other name under heaven given among men, decision for Christ in these annual gatherings and whereby we must be saved." The Gospel is "the much personal work has been done in prepara- power of God unto salvation to everyone that tion for them by Indian Christians. believeth," to the Indian as truly as to any other. The Christ of the Gospel displaces the worse, and Many Indians are heroic in their stand for brings the better to the Indian life. When they Christ, against the pressure brought to bear by become Christians improvement is seen in home pagan Indians, by the call of the old life, and by relations, in the treatment of women, in the betevil white people. The names of the Comanche ter care of children, in purity of living, and in Nahwats, the Apaches Naiche and Sanspuer, the service to God and to humanity. Indian drunk- Arapaho Washee, the Winnebago John Smith, the ards, gamblers, and libertines have been saved, Jicarilla Apache Cevero-all these tell the story and changed into sober, clean men and women. of Indian Christian heroism. Many an Indian today could sing, as thousands A religion proves its value or its worthlessness of them have heard from the silver-toned melody by what it does or fails to do for its worshippers. of Dr. Frank Hall Wright's consecrated voice: Indian religions do not save their followers. They are utterly and hopelessly inadequate. The best From sinking sand He lifted me, in all the pagan religions cannot save a soul, a With tender hand He lifted me, mind, or a body. Recently, on the Jicarilla reser- From shades of night to plains of light, Oh, praise His name, He lifted me!

An African's New Year Prayer Our Father, we kneel before Thee, Thou great Creator. Thy power is manifest in the making of all things. Thy voice is the thunder, and Thine eye like the lightning, but Thy character is merciful and Thy heart is kind.

As now we enter into this, the beginning of another year, hold Thou our hands, and walk with us along the way; that road is narrow, but takes us where we want to go-to'

the village of our Lord.

We thank Thee for our unknown friends who sent messengers of peace to us who were black in customs as in color, but who share with us the hope that is in Jesus our Saviour. Even now we know our weaknesses, weak as marrow and frail as eggs.

Increase our faith that we may stand firm as our mountains, and fight the good fight with the power of an earthquake.

Heal us from our diseases, the greatest of them is this leprosy of sin, eating away the heart ,and bringing blindness, not of the eyes, but of the soul. Thou above art our doctor and therefore inoculate us with Thy certain cure the Holy Spirit, that circulating in us kills sin. '

Wash us and place the soap at the door of the heart to cleanse everything before entering into it. Keep our minds pure like the drinking water of the Europeans which has been boiled and filtered.

How many wonders the white man has created and brought here, but they are all vain and nothing when we think of the miracle of redemption. 0 Lord, Thy love is higher than the sun, broader than the horizon and stronger than death.

Because of this love we crave Thy blessing on us, Thy children, and Thy great work in every land. We want to be found at last with our characters built up and complete.

When the register is marked in heaven we are anxious to be marked "present," at the coming of the Lord. Guide us therefore, we pray, in the days to come and gather uS with the Christians of every land, to live with Thee evermore. Amen.

Indian Problem Approaches

By DR. RAY LYMAN WILBUR, Washington, D. C. ):.. Secretary of the Interior, United States Government T HE Indian problem in the United States is ing pot, and become as are the rest of us. From one that has been constantly with us from a sentimental standpoint there may be much to our beginning as a nation but there is hope regret in this fact but it is none the less inevitable.

now that it can be brought to a reasonable solu- The chief compelling influence bringing this tion. We still have some 350,000 people of Indian about is that penchant for education which is one blood in the United States but of our national characteristics.

only about 200,000 of them re- Today we maintain on Indian main wards of the government. What" has the government reservations 126 day schools Many of those who are still done for the 350,000 Red Men and 53 boarding schools. There nominally wards of the govern- in the United States? Their are 19 boarding schools mainment are quite competent to fathers once freely roamed tained at points in the West take care of themselves as full- away from reservations. fledged citizens, and the pres- and hunted over the entire continent. Then they were These are large schools in conquered by the white men ent policy is to sever their ties from across the sea and were each of which from 500 to 1000 of wardship as rapidly as this shut up on "reservations." pupils may be maintained.

may be brought about without When oil was discovered on They are usually handsome ininjury to their property rights. their land or their reserva- stitutions, happily located, and tions were opened for white furnish educational opportuni- There are, however, 200 In- settlers, the Indians were ties that are equal to those dian reservations still in ex- moved elsewhere. Some were maintained anywhere for memistence in 26 states and among made wealthy by oil revenues. " bers of the white population. them there is the complicated Others were pauperized by ra- fact of 58 spoken languages. tions. In the past fifty years Incidentally these schools are Oklahoma, with 120,000, ranks the government has sought to without charge to the individ- first among the states in Indian wipe out the disgrace of "a uals who attend them. Not only population. Arizona follows century of dishonor" by pre- instruction, but food, lodging, with 49,000, South Dakota with paring the Indians for full cit- and clothing are furnished free 23,000, New Mexico with 22,- izenship and self-support. to the sons and daughters of 000, California with 19,000, Secretary Wilbur gives an en- our Indian wards. These are Minnesota with 15,000, Mon- privileges granted to no other tana with 13,000, Washington couraging account of how the element of the population. Indian problem is now being solved.

with 13,000, while Oregon One of the conclusions that trails along with 4,518. has taken very definite form in On many of the reservations on which these In- recent years is that it is better that these educated dians live there is a general admixture with the young Indians should take their places with the white population and the Indians are rapidly as- general population than that they should return suming the manner of living and the civilization to the reservation of their fathers. On these res- of the whites. There are certain notable excep- ervations the psychology is likely to be largely tions to this, the greatest of which is the Navajo that of an era that is gone when the Red Man Reservation in Arizona, as big as the State of New lived a life which is no longer possible to him.

Jersey. On the reservation the Indian is likely to be de- The disappearance of these reservations as rap- pendent and to lean upon the government super- idly as the Indians can be absorbed into the gen- intendent. Also th,ere is less opportunity for eral popUlation is the step that lies before us. It money earning" for a competent youngster than has become obvious that the Red Man eventually out in the world. A case in point observed last must lose his special status, pass through the melt- summer, when the able-bodied young men of the [399 ]

Pine Ridge reservation were idle and in want, was which, obviously, works against their development that of one youngster who had learned his trade in into normal citizenship. These fringes of the In- an Indian school and was working nearby and dian population are merging quietly into the gen- earning $25 a day as an electric welder on a gas eral population.

pipe line. There are certain areas in which the Indians We are trying to bring the Indian schools to as are isolated and in which there are few whites. high a degree of effectiveness as it is possible to The largest of these is the Navajo reservation in get through the aid of the best obtainable educa- Arizona. The Menominee Reservation, in Wiscontors of the nation. We have developed an ex- sin; the Red Lake, in Minnesota; the Sioux Restensive health service which is bringing medical ervations, in South Dakota; the Warm Springs, care and hospitalization to the government's In- in Oregon; the Fort Wingate Reservation, in dian wards. In this way we do as much as we Wyoming; the Papago and Apache Reservations, canto give the nation Indians with trained minds in Arizona, will remain as Indian clusters that and healthy bodies. But most important of all will dissolve slowly. They should be so adminisis the further vital purpose of making the Indian tered, however, that progress none the less will economically self-sustaining. This means that be made toward their eventual elimination. we must develop him into an individual who can earn sufficient money to maintain himself and his Admittedly there is uneconomical administrafamily in a creditable way. To accomplish this tion in the maintenance of separate health and end we must give continuing attention to the pro- school organizations for Indians and whites in vision of proper employment for all able-bodied states where the care of the former might be fitted Indians. This is not necessarily a difficult task into the state scheme. There are a number of because our experience has thoroughly dispraven states in which the situation today is such that that calumny of a race so often expressed in the responsibility for the Indians might be taken over West-the charge that the Indian is lazy and will immediately, the federal government bearing its not work. share of the expense. The consciousness is dawn- ing in many states, also, that it would be well We have demonstrated over and over again that if those communities should give thought to the the Indian, under similar influence, is as compe- problem of converting the Indian into an asset to tent a workman as a white man. There have,in the community instead of allowing him to remain fact, been many instances in which it has been a liability. The road to this end lies largely in shown that Indians are racially dextrous with getting him regularly to work at productive labor their hands and become outstandingly successful rather than allowing him to languish in idleness in the skilled trades. It is the policy of the In- on his reservations. dian Service to make the most of this demonstrated capacity for work that often lies dormant The Indian, in his aboriginal life, was unaccusin its wards. tomed to work as the white man knows it. Nat- urally he must be nursed into the labor idea. It has been shown in many instances that this is For two years now we have been making every quite among the possibilities; that, properly han- effort to get Indian children into public schools dled, he evolves into a good worker. It is quite where they will be dealt with exactly as are the worth the effort on the part of any community whites. This program has been carried to the having an Indian population to help these people point where two-thirds of all Indian children now into productivity. The local responsibility for the go to such schools. In Oklahoma, where the In- Indian and the local advisability of making a pro- dian population is largest, many of them are in ductive citizen of him cannot be over emphasized.

such schools and the time is rapidly approaching The future is bright for the American Indian when many of the Indian boarding schools may be if he can be brought to face reality as the rest of abandoned. As this situation comes about among us do. Those who try to abuse his economic im- Indian groups they are nearing the time when maturity or to hinder his unfolding by sentimental they may be released from government supervi- attitudes must step aside and let him take his sion and pass from their condition of wardship place in the sun.

Prayer The privilege of prayer is one of. my most cherished possessions, because faith .and experience alike. convince me that God hears and answers. I never venture to criticize; it is my part to ask; it is entirely His to give or withhold, as He knows is best. If it were otherwise, I would not dare to pray at all. In the quiet of home, in the heat of life and strife, in the face of death, the privilege of speech with God is inestimable. When I can neither see, nor hear, nor speak, still I can pray so that God can hear.

SIR WILFRED GRENFELL.

Missions to Indians Effective?

By the REV. HENRY ROE CLOUD, Ph. D., 1= .. Wichita, Kansas President of the American Indian Institute A SINGLE statement of ·the objective of American Indians, one need not hesitate to state Christian missions to Indians will not sat- the objectives concisely as follows: isfy for there are many denominations with varying creeds working among them. Creeds (1) To lead the Indians to the discovery of peculiar to a church will color the statement of its God, as the One Supreme Being; objectives. Such phrases as the Salvation of Souls, Christian Citizenship, Other Worldliness, (2) To bring the Indians into the Way of Life the Social Education, Gospel, or the Conversion through Jesus Christ; of the Heathen, might describe different forms of mission work and the various emphasis, methods, (3) To foster education among the Indians to and interpretations of the Christian Scriptures develop character and to prepare for service; make hazardous any generalization. (4) To promote health and healthful living; One must also remember that there are fifty (5) To train up a native Christian leadership; different and distinct tribes in the United States (6) To improve and stabilize the Indian home; alone, speaking over one hundred dialects. As (7) To discover and promote understanding the economic status of an individual largely af- and the means of cooperation between the Indians fects his attitude towards things spiritual so the and the white people. varying natural and economic conditions surrounding the Indians of the United States have r. To Lead the Indian to the Discovery of God helped to mould their varying religious conceptions. The fish-eating Indians of the Northwest as the One Supreme Being. There are those who Pacific coast, for example, where rainfall is twen- maintain that the Indians have always believed ty-three inches a month, never think of praying in the One Supreme Being. If the history of other to a rain god, but the Hopi Indians in the desert races has any bearing upon this then we find that wastes of Arizona spend days and weeks in cere- belief in monotheism is not universal among primmonial ritual praying and dancing to their gods itive peoples. They believe in "gods many." At for rain. the time of the landing of the Pilgrim Fathers the Indians of North America all believed in polythe- The religious systems of different tribes are not ism. Some forest and lake tribes had advanced to at all the same. The prairie Indians, such as the a belief in a gradation of spirits, with varying Sioux nation, have the most primitive religious powers and prerogatives, and with one supreme conceptions, while the Indians of the forest have spirit in command over all. Although many tribes the most complex social organization through the accorded to this one supreme spirit the attributes clan; theirs is a thought-compelling cosmogony. of creative power, they universally left him in ma- jestic isolation and with fear and trembling wor- If the churches doing mission work among the shipped the mystic gods that manifested their Indians adapt their policy and program to condi- existence by the awe-inspiring lightning and tions found among the Indians, their methods will mighty thunder, by the wind and storm, flood and suit these conditions and will change with prog- fire. Because the otter and the beaver could with ress. Diverse conditions such as deep forests, impunity deport themselves in waters too hazrivers, deserts, oceans and mountains affect the ardous for the Indian's frail canoes they too be- Indian's outlook on life and the result is a people came objects of worship. Their skins, so promiof many nations within the same domain. nently and cunningly displayed in sacred cere- monies even to this day, testify to the mighty With this view safe-guarded against hasty gen- influence they exercised on the minds of the Ineralizations concerning objectives in missions to dians. All the ariimal kingdom was supposed to share in the sacrifices and oblations of the Indian race. Every mysterious natural phenomena re- ceived worship. One generation after another [401 ]

was taught to perform the sacrifices to these in- to the gods of rain. In contrast to this, among numerable hosts of spirits to whom they believed the Dakota tribe at least two in every Sioux Inwas intrusted the power of curing sickness, giv- dian home claim allegiance to some Christian ing success in war and the chase, and ability to church. In one Protestant denomination alone thwart the baneful influences of witch doctors. there are thirty-two native Christian pastors working among their own people. To command the resources of these gods innumerable, Indian youths were required to fast II. To Bring to the Indian the "Way of Life" and in their dreams they believed that the spirits through Christ who said, "I am the way, the truth came to them claiming to be the moon, the sun, the and the life." Indian disciples have called Chrisbuffalo, or the thundering spirit of the sky. tianity the "Jesus Road" and His "Way of Life" has brought to them a new conception of the Su- Most extraordinary experiences have been met with by preme Being. It has also brought a new and boys from twelve to fourteen years of age, when they lofty relationship between man and man. It has have been alone in the forest in apprehension and in need. lifted life out of conflict into peace. In brief, this An old man in a gray beard may have appeared and "Way" has brought into Indian life new standsaid in soothing tone, "Do not fear, I am a rock and thou ards in morals and more elevated and purified shalt call me by this name. I am the Lord of the whole racial ethics; it has substituted peace for interearth and of every living creature therein, of the air and tribal warfare, and has brought a new spiritual of wind and weather. Noone dare oppose me and I will impact in terms of brotherhood and love. All that give thee the same power. No one shall do thee harm and the term "Salvation through Christ" implies is thou needest not fear any man." Such and similar proph- comprehended in "the Way." The Red Man of ecies he makes. Such a boy ruminates upon what lIe has America has been brought into fellowship with heard and is confirmed in the opinion as he grows up The Supreme Being. that a peculiar power has been imparted to him to perform extraordinary exploits, and he imagines that no one III. Education. Students of American history can do him injury.* know that the Christian Church has been the pio- neer in education. This applies as well to Indian It is of no small service if we can deliver them education. A citizenship in a new civilization refrom such superstitious dread of powers unseen. quires an education in the broadest and best sense The results of such beliefs are manifest in health, and missions to Indians have carried the church in social outlook, in community life, in anxiety on the one hand and the school on the other. Times over the safety of one's children from the powers are changing and it may now be sound policy to of witchcraft, in dread of disease, enemies, inter- turn over, to a large extent, the purely educational racial wars, and the ever present sinister influ- enterprise to the state and nation. Private funds ence of the medicine-man who must be continu- are not sufficient today to care adequately for the ally placated with sacrifices and gifts. education of the people. The church has admira- bly accomplished its pioneer task in education and The first great objective, therefore, of missions can now devote its energies to other objectives. to Indians is to declare unto these people not only Of the seventy thousand or more children of the fact of the existence of the One Supreme Being school age among the Indians, approximately but also the setting forth unmistakably of God's thirty-four thousand are now in the public schools. great attributes of love, benevolence, justice and The Church is relieved of this heavy responsimercy. The realization of a benevolent di:ty who bility and by virtue of it can the more effectively rules over all has always evoked love, faIth and do its work for the home, the community and voluntary worship from the peoples of the earth. inter-racial relationships of the Indian. Missions To lead any people to such a discovery is to re- to Indians have done their work in education effeclease them at once from influences that warp and tively. thwart, that limit or destroy growth and freedom in the realm of the human spirit. Without ques- IV. To Train Up Native Christian Leaders. tion the Christian missions have brought such Native leadership is essential to the success of great deliverance to the Indian race. In many every mission to Indians. There are but three tribes there are still pagan remnants, but they types of Christian leaders-the native helper, constitute no force in those areas where they once catechist or interpreter; the native preacher; and held complete sway. The only outstanding excep- the modern Indian minister equipped with college tion is the Southwest area inhabited by the Navajo and seminary training. The native helper or catetribe which numbers forty-five thousand souls. chist and native pastor have sufficed as leaders for Here the medicine man still has dominion over all the last fifty years, but their influence, once so but about three percent of the population. The essential, is now being lost in a swiftly changing Hopi may be included with the Navajo by reason of his spectacular heathen practices with respect *' David Zeisberger, UHistory of the Northern American Indians,"

page 127.

ARE MISSIONS TO INDIANS EFFECTIVE?

economic and social order. As in the case of the race is that, in the transition period from the buf- white preacher who now has to compete with falo days to this twentieth century, no adequate widespread college and technical education, easy new social order has taken the place of the one communication, transportation, daily papers, ra- destroyed. It is apparent that economic penetra- dio and every other counter attraction, so the old tion alone would have destroyed the social ground type of Indian pastor is fast losing his congrega- work of the Indian race.

tion. The second cause for the disorganization of .the The day of the fully educated Indian preacher Indian social order is purely legal for which the has arrived. In the period of transition he must Church is not even remotely responsible. The come upon the scene to re-interpret the "Way of legal status of the Indian has been and still is one Life" with more compelling force, to satisfy the of the most confusing and baffling to legal ex- new yearnings of his new generation, to combat perts. The allotment law of 1887 made all Indians the present day evils arising out of a new social citizens. The law of 1906 restricted citizenship.

order, and to place on firmer foundations the By the executive order of President Coolidge in house formerly too often built on shifting sands. 1924 all Indians became citizens of the United Missions to Indians can justly be proud of its States. But strictly speaking, and by pronounce- heroic and staunch native pastors-notably the ment of the Supreme Court of the United States, Nez Per<;e, Choctaw, Sioux and Pima Indi~ns. A citizenship is not incompatible with wardship. The small Indian lad who had been with Chief Joseph result is that the Indian is amenable to the white of the Nez Per<;e, when he made his masterful, man's law according as state or federal govern- strategical retreat with three hundred warriors ments have jurisdiction over him as to place and before Generals Miles, Gibbons and Howard pled as to person. What are the constituted authori- with the Great Spirit to come to his aid in a trial ties going to do with a so-called "fee patent," citi- in a white man's court. The voice of this Indian zen Indian committing a crime on restricted fed- revealed depths of human pathos and spiritual eralland? In such a case jurisdiction as to person power when he said: makes him amenable to state courts. Jurisdiction "Lord, you remember the battle at the Big Hole as to place makes him amenable to federal courts. and how fierce it was, and you know you kept me Where Indian reservations are checker-boarded by there. You remember the battle at Bear Paw federal and state supervision there is a dual gov- Mountain when my father was killed and my ernment in spots. With conflicts of jurisdiction mother taken captive. Lord, you know you kept in law plaguing county and district federal atme there. Then you remember when I was among torneys they have generally left the Indian se- Sitting Bull's people and was near to death of star- verely alone.

vation, and, Lord, you kept me there. You kept Add to this confusion the lack of funds in coun- me when I was a wild heathen boy in Montana and ty treasuries in the great areas of non-taxed In- knew nothing about you, and did not love you. I dian lands in many organized communities of the know you will keep me in this hour of great West, the difficulties of law enforcement become trial." * apparent. In domestic relations counties are slow, v. To Stabilize the Indian Home. Compari- flatly refuse or plead lack of jurisdiction. The federal government will do nothing to unravel the son of the character of Indian homes of a century tangle in marital affairs in case of all "fee patent" ago and today is beside the point for conditions citizen Indians. were vastly different. The forces making for the disintegration of the Indian home in each period As a consequence the Indian has for years been has had a different setting. There were easy thrown into a sort of no-man's-land in marriage separations, especially among the young, the relations where no government will enter and childless and among those of loose character. This where no social sanctions prevail. Feeble attempts is characteristic of all generations. In our mod- by the federal government have been made by the ern day two factors are principally responsible device of recognizing every sort of union as "Infor the break-up of the Indian home. The first dian custom" but it has only resulted in greater is the passing of the old social order with its confusion and has given license to those who wish sanctions and government. Regulation of the to dignify every sort of temporary union as "cusmarriage tie by the parents and the chiefs and a tom marriage." Every church organization carrycoherent tribal opinion is now a spent force with ing missions to Indians views this state of affairs the passing of the old social organization of the with keen apprehension and solicitude. It can clan. One of the tragic experiences of the Indian easily be seen what social menace is in store for a tribe where no less than one hundred couples * Crawford, Mary M.-HNative Missionary Leadership." W01nen are temporarily living together without sanction and Missi<m8, August, 1931. Page 183.

of ceremonial, civil or custom marriage. So long health. The community nurse must also be prepared to as this legal confusion as to jurisdiction and au- minister to the spiritual needs of her patients.* thority continues, just so long will the Church be A refreshing experience for any American, for hindered in its objective to stabilize the Indian patriotism and reaction to divine love which home. Christ preached on earth, is to go to the Navajo country in Fort Defiance, Arizona, and witness VI. To Promote Health and Healthful Living. our government utilizing there the world's fore- Within the last three years Indian health has been most Japanese experts to combat trachoma and the one great concern of the government and the then to go a few miles further into the desert to Church.* The Indian has been pushed into civili- Ganado and see a magnificent hospital under zation too fast. Culture is a matter of exceed- Church auspices relieving pain, suffering and dis- ingly slow growth. The rapid destruction of In- pelling the gloom of life. Both of these institu- dian culture, incident to dispossession of the In- tions have been established and maintained from dian's economic basis of self-support, has placed gratuitous appropriations.

undue strain upon the powers of a race to endure. VII. To Discover the Means of Promoting Un- Lack of sufficient food, proper- diet mid other derstanding and Cooperation Between the Indian healthful habits, along with poor housing, have and White People. By reason of the picturesque contributed to the heavy toll on Indian lives. The character and ethnic interest the Red Race holds country awoke suddenly to the grave seriousness for the Caucasian some seek to preserve the Inof Indian health only three years ago when, for dian as he is. No legislative fiat or hands-off the first time, a comprehensive and expert health policy can ever succeed in keeping Indians in status quo. One of the most relentless forces is survey was made for Congress and the President.* the changing economic order. With increase in population, even the semi-desert places now inhab- Since the publication of this report, both the gov- ited by Indians in America, will become objects of ernment and the Church have redoubled their efforts to bring health to the Indian population. great desire. With irrigation projects in gigantic Sufficient time must elapse before the nation and proportions now looming in the distance, this part of America may also have its congested popula- Church can feel satisfied with their health crusade tions. The cherished customs of today will befor the Red Man. "To heal the sick" was one of come the treasured memories of tomorrow. In the commands of the Saviour of the world. To discovering means for inter-racial cooperation, carry out this great objective the mission boards have set for themselves high standards.

In all the health centers under the Division of Schools missions to Indians will not foolishly condemn and Hospitals of the Board of National Missions, the every Indian practice and custom but rather will nurse must be able to adapt her program to a simple, seek diligently to foster and preserve those ele- almost primitive home life. She must also be versatile, ments of Indian culture which will enrich the comas she will have to teach hygiene and sanitation in the mon inheritance of American civilization. Paralocal school, examine the children's tonsils, look for symp- doxical as it may seem some missionaries have toms of tuberculosis and under-nourishment, and recognize been found fighting against their own God by their the various children's diseases. She must be prepared to wholesale denunciation of everything Indian. To assist the doctors and surgeons at the clinics, prepare the patients for operations, and care for them afterward. so fight is to proclaim to the world that God is in- Then, even after a strenuous day, she must be ready, if capable of revealing Himself to races other than called at night, to officiate at a birth or care for the the Hebrews and Caucasians. God as a God of dying. All these duties must be performed cheerfully, so that through her ministrations the missionary nurse love must seek means of approach to His children may interpret to the people the Great Physician. In by revealing Himself as they are able to underisolated communities where doctors are twenty-five and stand Him.

thirty miles away, the nurse has to meet many emer- Christian missions to Indians will aid the presgencies. Often there is not time to send for a physician, ent movement between state and national governand the patient would die if the nurse were not prepared ments for cooperation in Indian education and to act. It is because of such conditions that the mission health and in law and law enforcement. The boards feel that only the most thoroughly trained nurse Church, while not neglecting its program of can meet the demands placed upon her.' Young women who consider mission service through community nursing evangelism, will bring enrichment to all life and are required first to graduate from a standardized school service. Its ministry and program will lead the· of nursing, and are urged also to take a course in public two races to discover their common humanity through the common worship of the one Great • See Report of Meriam and Associates. Johns Hopkins Press. Eternal Spirit who was clearly revealed through • Scott. Anna M.–"For Their Sakes I Sanctify Myself." Wcme-n Jesus Christ His Son. and Missions. August, 1931. Page 166-7.

A New- Day In Indian

By the REV. FLOYD O. BURNETT, Riverside, California Director of Religious Education, Sherman Institute T HE dawn of a new day for the Indian will, leaders need no longer strive to create the desire we hope, result in bringing about better liv- for education but can devote their energies to ing conditions, higher social and moral guiding Indian youth in further progress. Reli- standards, and will preserve, not as a "ward of gious education has real value as one of the the state," but as a strong and sturdy race of citi- courses of study in this guiding process.

zens, the first American-the Indian. A Great Opportunity During the past few years good progress has been made in liberating the Indian from the bond- Scattered throughout.the United States are Inage of legislative and political machines. This dian schools: institutions financially supported by means that he is to be in a more liberal environ- the government through annual appropriations, ment, free to think and act for himself. On the and administered by the Commissioner of Indian individual is placed the responsibility for making Affairs under the direction of the Secretary of the his own choices. He is slowly coming to a place Interior. These institutions are of several types: where he experiences that "inner urge" to prog- (1) day schools, (2) boarding schools on the resress which is the root of all advancement. ervations, (3) non-reservation boarding schools.

This "urge," in the hands of the Master Builder The Commissioner of Indian Affairs in his June, and His agents, serves as a means of bringing 1929, report says: "Estimated number of Indian happiness and material success. It should enable children eligible for school attendance-6 to 18 Indian youth to assist themselves as never before. years of age-is 81,500; estimated number of The idea of doing things for the Indian rather children in reservation boarding schools 12,700; than encouraging and enabling him to do for him- estimated number of children in non-reservation self, has been over-emphasized in the past. He boarding schools 11,800; and children attending will still need guidance, but too often this has government day schools, 4,600."

been interpreted and applied in a way that has At present there are nineteen reservation left no outlet for self-expression. The Indians boarding schools; fifty-five reservation schools; have, at times, taken an attitude of "wait and that 131 government day schools and six non-reserva- will be done for us." Our enthusiastic desire to tion boarding schools which, at the present time, be of service to a people has too often led us to offer academic work through the twelfth grade.

hinder their progress by taking away their incen- Thousands of these bright-eyed, smiling (but tive to undertake for themselves. somewhat perplexed) dark-skinned children file True religious education should lead the individ- through the campus pathways seeking an educa- ual into a rich and complete Christian experience. tion or an understanding of this "heap big world"

It should provide for him the necessary equip- that the "pale face" has "brought along with him."

ment with which he can solve his simple everyday They offer splendid opportunities for a well de- life problems and be ready to render helpful serv- veloped religious educational program for Indian ice to others according to the spirit and teachings youth. Here is a challenge for service and an op- of Jesus Christ. portunity to give justice to a people of a deserving, Institutions for training Indian youth have but badly neglected, race. Indian youth, enthusi- grown in popularity until the time has come when astic and full of interest in life's problems, stands restrictions are being placed upon the number of on the highest mountain peak of the Red Man's students that can be enrolled in a school. Hun- development and views the wonders of a new civi- dreds must be turned away next autumn, unless lization difficult for them to understand. They are the Indian Bureau makes a change in its present bewildered at every turn and rely heavily on the policies of admission. This shows that at last advice and recommendations of those who they there has come an awakening. The urge for a bet- feel are their friends. From the free and easy ter life is beginning to manifest itself, so that life on the reservation, they enter our schools to [405 J

learn, if possible, the difficult process of how to The basis of misconduct on the part of many make life's adjustments. of our Indian youth is their desire to conform to a belief or a practice of another race entirely for- The Indian Child and His Adjustments to Life eign to his own beliefs and customs. In attempt- ing to bridge the gap serious mistakes are made Through the long centuries the Indians have because of the urgent desire to "be like their white been undergoing certain social, psychological, and brothers." When the bridge breaks, into the religious adjustments, and have developed habits chasm of despair falls the poor, helpless, strugand social customs peculiar to their own nature. gling soul. Christian instruction should have been They have gained their livelihood from the soil able to prevent the catastrophe. Many splendid and have accepted the fact that "the earth is the Indian young people have thrown to the four Lords' and the fullness thereof." The Indian's love winds their interest in life's problems and have for the wide open spaces, without fences or land- returned to the old ways because they were not marks, led him to feel that the land and all its able to make certain adjustments in life. The contents belonged to him. Fences, rules and reg- complete family and life history of a child should ulations were introduced by another and a be taken and careful records made of his developstronger race. Individual ownership had no place ment, with repeated character and mental tests to in the Indian's philosophy of life. Once a brave help us deal with the child. Religious workers are had succeeded in bringing down a deer, all mem- tempted to be influenced by the "annual report," bers of the tribe joined with the victor in rejoic- and to resort to high pressure salesman methods ing. All shared alike in the benefits of the hunt. of "making Christians."

In his religious thinking, the Indian youth of Racial characteristics are big factors that have today falls heir to the beliefs of a thousand years. a prominent bearing upon the problem of teach- To him the gifts of the Great Spirit are shared ing another group, with its thousands of years of by all regardless of personal conduct. Indian different backgrounds and influences. youth must "unlearn what he has learned" when he accepts the white man's civilization. Many Indian young people have not had the in- fluence of Christian teaching and know very little Religious educators, knowing these problems of the Bible. They therefore find it difficult to and recognizing the importance of religious train- appreciate the importance of Christian standards ing for the building of character, must thought- of living. Their religious experience is limited fully work out their programs for the benefit of and their knowledge meager, so that these must the child. The courses of instruction must center be developed. The teacher of religious subjects around the need and capacity of the child. Many must give his pupils informational Bible lessons. elements of the present day creeds and religious A beginner's course is often best adapted to young practices of the white man will be of little value people that have reached the eighth or even higher to present day Indian youth. grades. Better equipment and lesson materials are needed because in many instances there has In the process of making many changes in been no previous missionary instruction, or it has habits and thought there come serious and pain- been only in the form of sermons. Well directed ful questions which must be answered. It is diffi- Bible stories put into pageantry form are found to cult to adjust their native free out-of-door attitude serve a definite and constructive place in religious toward life to the white man's closely organized education for Indian youth. Well selected standmethod of living. This is the result of educa- ard Bible courses, properly presented, create a retional and social adjustments dating back thou- ligious warmth, receptiveness, interest, loyalty sands of years. Certain changes in living, in con- and enthusiasm that will serve as aids to bring duct, and in religious practices must, however, about a better social adjustment. be made if the Indian youth are to adjust themselves to modern life. Because of their desire to adjust themselves as quickly as possible, Indian youth are anxious to Such changes bring about certain character de- understand the Church and the relation of religion . velopments. Indian youth begins to seek the guid- to life. They want to know how Christian truths ance of friends. It is vitally important that re- can serve them in their daily problems. Courses ligious workers cooperate with other educational in religious education should provide this definite agencies in assisting the Indians to make right and practical information. choices that will lead them into a wholesome and serviceable life. The greatest of care must be taken that the re- ligious education courses are not beyond the think- Before we attempt to guide one in solving prob- ing capacity of the pupil. Too often religious lems of misbehavior, we must study the individual. workers take it for granted that the Indian child There is no good "hit or miss" method in deal- understands religious terms that are familiar to ing with such problems and in making adjustments.

A NEW DAY IN INDIAN EDUCATION

the white child but which are unknown to the In- cooperate with, other Christian leaders, and to dian, and are falsely interpreted in the light of his develop an appreciation for study and for good tribal background. books.

The idea of the "Great Spirit," about which we Everyone expecting to do religious work among have heard so much, is not in some tribes related the American Indians should study their cultural, to our idea of God. It is therefore important that religious, and economic background, as well as a religious educator, working among the Indian their present status and future possibilities. If people, should be familiar with the tribal beliefs missionary work is to be done among the older apd religious practices, and above all with Indian Indians on the reservation, a conversational religious terminology. For example, when mis- knowledge of the language of the tribe is imporsionaries and directors of religious education tant. Missionaries and directors of religious edu- cation should appreciate the Indian's problems an!i be able sympathetically to assist him to solve them. Special courses in Indian history, Indian psychology, and a study of racial characteristics and environments are of great value. These differ with each tribe.

Cooperation is needed if a program of religious education is to be successfully put into operation.

The missionary must cooperate with the em- ployees of the Indian Service as he would expect them to be sympathetic toward the religious work.

Conferences dealing with matters of moral and general welfare should be held frequently between THE CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION OFFICERS AT SHERMAN groups interested. This will help bring about a INSTITUTE better understanding between parents, employees, religious workers and students. Denominations speak of the "Holy Spirit" they often do not real- ize that many tribal home teachings cause chil- dren to be frightened because of their idea of a spirit as a red-eyed, malevolent being. Deep root- ed beliefs in ghosts, witches, sorcerers and. evil spirits may give a different connotation to our terms.

It is generally best to avoid the Indian termin- ology and to explain our Christian terms so that the child can fully understand. Materials used, methods followed and suggestions offered must fit the individual need rather than attempt to con- form the individual to the material or method.

A program of religious education for Indian youth should provide the following: (1) A knowl- OUT-DOOR BIBLE CLASS AT SHERMAN INSTITUTE edge of the Bible; (2) Experiences; (3) An appreciation of the life and teaching of Jesus which, cooperating through the joint committee on Inwhen rightly understood, will assist the individual dian work for the Home Missions Council and in accepting Christ as personal Saviour and the Council of Women for Ilome Missions car- Friend; (4) An enthusiastic and intelligent un- ried on religious educational programs in the nonderstanding in how each one can help build a reservation schools interdenominationally. Op- Christian community; (5) A sense of victory in portunity is also given each child to know the taking the stand for Christ and the Church, in work of his own denomination. Eight religious spite of tribal and clan opposition and resentment; work directors are giving part or full time to this (6) An opportunity to accept leadership in social type of interdenominational service.

and religious work; (7) Leadership training, not Due to the nature of the situation, interdenomi- only as church school teachers, but as leaders of national religious work should be a part of all the non-reservation boarding schools and in some of Boy and Girl Scout activities, Y. M. C. A. and the reservation boarding schools. Pastors and missionaries, representing the cooperating de- Y. w. C. A., organization work, Mother's club, and nominational groups, should be free to make con- health (elementary first aid) courses; (8) A knowledge of how to become acquainted with, and

tacts with students from their respective mission- through the eighth grade. These government ary fields of service. schools are generally located at centers where missionaries are already carrying on a religious At least one religious service each week should program. Much of the religious work can be satbe held for Indian students and they should be isfactorily kept a part of the local missionary free to attend the denominational services of their work and be far more effective than by trying to own choice. It is hoped that arrangements can be follow the plans suggested for institutions of made in the near future to place more religious higher learning. educational directors in non-reservation boarding schools. The non-reservation boarding schools have ap enrollment of 12,000 students. Courses in Reli- The religious program on the reservations gious Education in schools of this type should be should be so organized as to provide for all groups closely related to the educational scheme of the from the cradle-roll to adults. This can be done institution. At Sherman Institute, out of 1,250 through the cooperation of the denominations in students, 850 were listed as Protestants. This charge of the religious work and by placing mis- being a vocational school,. the courses in religious sionaries in charge of certain districts. A far education are related to the trades taught. more effective religious program could be conducted if we could avoid over-lapping and compet- In our study of religious training for the Ining work and an unprofitable use of missionary dian we have found: (1) That a new day has and social service funds. The Indian missionary come in Indian education. (2) The new emphasis work of California has been allotted to the de- is upon the phrase "Let the Indian learn to do for nominations interested in the Indian missionary himself, with helpful advice and encouragement." enterprise by the State Federation of Churches. (3) The Church, because of the recent changes, finds a great opportunity for missionary work on Religious educational work of a very high type the Indian reservations and in non-reservation has been conducted among the Nez Per~e for and reservation schools throughout the country. nearly a .hundred years. As a result, they now (4) Indian youth, on the whole, is ready to assume have their well organized churches, pastors, Sun- places of responsibility in leadership. (5) Everyday schools, and Young People's Societies func- where, they are rapidly making commendable adtioning almost as effectively as in the average justments in spite of old tribal religious beliefs white man's church. But with most of the Cali- and customs. (6) Religious education has values fornia and other Southeastern Indian tribes we that should be recognized and given place in the find the situation very much different. education of the individual. (7) Cooperation is called for between all forces at work in Indian Usuallywh.ere·the pupils attending reservation education. (8) Care must be exercised in choosboarding. schoQls are from nearby tribes,· the re- ing the right type of courses for week-day educaligious wo~k can be adjusted to care not only for tion in Indian schools. the youth but also for parents and other members of the family. Week-day courses of this kind in Whether these courses are offered in a Sunday religious education should exert an influence be- school class, or in a week-day course, or in a home yond the boundary of the campus into the hogan, study hour, the emphasis should be to prepare the the hut or the tepee. . individual for a rapidly adjusting social order. He must learn to think for himself, to meet new situ- In government day schools we have teachers in ations and to make decisions wisely. charge of some 4,600 pupils who live at home and attend school during the day. The grades range from the first through the fifth and occasionally AN INDIAN CHRISTIAN CONVENTION IN SOUTH DAKOTA

Romance and

"~I I By ATALOA of the Chickasaw Tribe ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ I NDIANS are not all alike in spite of what most hand, and with your other take away our land?" people believe. Thinking he had discovered The Indian is not a "vanishing race." It is true India or the East Indies, Columbus called the that the picturesque and somewhat romantic char- natives of this western hemisphere "Indians." acter of tribal life is changing because the Indian Historians did not correct him, and so this name is no longer isolated. But the strength of his has become permanently attached to the natives character does not shift so easily as his environ- of America. There were more than three hun- ment. Because his life was simple and natural, dred nations or tribes when Columbus came, and he was not conquered, even though subdued, by today more than two hundred superior numbers and superior little nations and remnants of weapons of the white man. He, nations remain in America. Ataloa, a Chickasaw Indian, has now reached the stage, a These speak many languages is devoting her unusual tal- rather tragic one, where he is and hundreds of dialects. They ents to' work for her people. torn between the old and the do not look alike, nor dress Several years ago, while at- new. His trend will be deter- 'alike, nor do they live in the tending a one-room district mined by his training, and. by same kinds of "houses." There school of the Chickasaw na- his contact with the white is, of course, a strong kinship tion on the Oklahoma prairie, man's civilization. To the race in characteristics, customs and she declined a career on the that has taken the responsibil- traditions, but many stages of concert stage in order that she ity of changing his civilization, development are found when might serve the under privi- he must look for guidance and various tribes are studied. leged members of her race. A help, if the best of his culture rigid college course included a is to be saved for America's It is not my purpose to even degree froltl. the University of sake. suggest the long list of Indian "wrongs," nor to dwell on those Redlands and Columbia Uni- Is it possible for the white pages of history that all want versity. Feeling that Bacone man to conceive and build an to forget who think with a College approached her ideal educational program for the Christian conscience. But I of an institution suited to Indian that does not thrust the appeal to you to save the In- train Christian Indian leaders, white man's culture on him, AtalOa is working with that dian from further exploitation school that she may share and at the same time rob him of his land, money, and his per- with Indian youth the advan- of his own? This question is sonality. It will take just and tages that have come to her. too deep to discuss fully here.

wise deeds to blot out these But of this I feel sure-the only pages. Sentimentality cannot possible hope for the Indian of be substituted for international-mindedness, nor tomorrow is the right kind of education; an edu- can it be substituted for a constructive program cation "from the shoulders up," and not "from the dealing with the Indian. We must have honest shoulders down," as in the past. The reason he men in the Indian Bureau, honest, business-like has not changed the life of the reservations when agents and superintendents on the reservation. he returned from government schools (which We must have just laws and just lawyers to pro- until the last few years only covered the elemen- tect the Indian land titles; we need Christian tary grades), was because no radical difference teachers and neighbors who are willing to teach had been made in him by his contact. We have the Indian a new moral and social code. So not had leaders of men sent to us as teachers and long as the white man talked one way and agents, and leaders have not come back to us. Our lived another, the Indian asked, "Why bring sch'Ools should be a combination of the best that us your 'White Man's Book' (Bible) in one the white man's training can give, together with [409 ]

the best from the Indian's own culture. It is pos- has to lose, or to share in his contact with other sible to work out such a plan if enough interest, races. They are the heritage of all Americans thought, energy, and money are expended. tomorrow and must be kept sacred if they are to serve his ideals. If American boys and girls real- Supplying native leadership is the greatest con- ize that the hundreds of acres of lakes, mountains, tribution that any school can make to the Indian. and rivers have been shared with them by the In- Bacone College, in Muskogee, Oklahoma, the only dians who no longer have free hunting grounds, college for Indians in America, is answering this they may want to share in turn. If youth sees challenge by training for Christian character and leadership. Its curriculum embraces grades from AN INDIAN PRINCESS. ATALOA the kindergarten through junior college. It was founded as a mission school more than half a cen- this truth and assumes the responsibilities, a just tury ago, and is maintained through a small en- relationship with the Indians may follow. When dowment and by some tuition gifts from friends. I started training Indians to serve as counselors Bacone College has courses covering scientific in summer camps, it was only a small group, but farming, poultry raising, and domestic science; tribal arts, songs, and legends are also being pre- it has proven a very happy and successful plan. served. Students are fitted to go into government or other schools to teach. In its earlier years, Now I am placing large groups in summer camps. Bacone College was open to students other than This is a part of my art project at Bacone Home. Indians, and during this period the present Secretary of War, Colonel Hurley, was graduated. Suppose you knew· how to take blades of grass, While he is not an Indian, he has perhaps devel- strips of bark, crushed berry juice, and could put oped an Indian consciousness from his long years of association in Indian territory that will not be lost even in the whirl of national and diplomatic life. More than two hundred and fifty students were turned away last fall for lack of rooms and funds at Bacone. These are more than figures to me; they are hearts that I can see going back over long trails, discouraged, and not facing tomorrow with much hope.

I have wanted to have a workshop for native arts and crafts at Bacone. An Art Lodge is now being constructed on the campus, the gift of a woman who believed in my dream. For the fireplace I am collecting stones from every Indian nation and every historical place (significant to Indians). Perhaps some day you will come and sit by our fireside, and let these rocks tell you the story of a race that is not vanishing.

There are 16,000 summer camps in America which have built their programs around Indian art, ceremonies, dances, and traditions. It seems strange that the very thing the people had marked "uncivilized," they are now taking to "civilize" AmericaIJ, youth. But if American youth is to be saved from the noise of city streets, it must go back to the greatest of all teachers-to nature, and to nature's God. The Indian knew a consistent program of living with nature, and to him educators have turned for ideals and romance. A double responsibility to the Indian is found here. If Indian ceremonials, dances, and folk lore are to be saved from degeneration into the vaudeville and circus type of entertainment, they must be interpreted and taught by someone who knows and feels the sacredness of Indian rites. These spiritual gifts are the last things that the Indian

INDIAN ROMANCE AND REALITY

these together into an exquisite basket, which the Apushamataha, Tecumseh, Chief Joseph, Pio- world calls its most beautiful basket; suppose you mingo, Sequoyah, Samoset, Red Jacket-as well could take clay, mould it, color it, and fire it with as Sacajawea and other Indians who have fol- only the crudest of implements, and the world lowed the trails that lead to the high mountains called this its most beautiful pottery; suppose you of courage and strength. These, as well as Wash- could take raw wool, dye it, and weave your most ington, Lincoln, Roosevelt, and Wilson, are a part sacred thoughts in rainbow tints and sunset hues, of the inspirational heritage of American youth. the flash of lightning, and the dark of thunder, the story of how the world began, and how death To that group of American philanthropists, far- came to be; and-suppose you could take shells, sighted educators and Christian statesmen, whose rocks, feathers, and animal skins and make them eyes are searching for new frontiers of service to into ceremonial robes in which you tried to find humanity, I bring the needs and the contributions the Great Mystery of life; and then-one day, of the First Americans. some people came and took all these things away? They built great buildings for them which they It is this group and not the sentimentalists who called "museums" and "art galleries," but they will blot out the "massacre" pages of American forgot to leave anything in the place of the things history. Will you help us save the strength and they took away. Perhaps you would understand vitality of our old moral codes; the mysticism the crushed hearts and hands of the Indians who and beauty of our old religion; the simplicity did not create beautiful things to be stqred away and naturalness of our old life; the symbolism and in attics with moth balls. uniqueness of our arts and crafts; our music and fine old _traditions? But-teach the Indian to In your great museums I have heard people say, think for himself in the new civilization into "Surely, savages didn't make those beautiful which he has been so quickly thrust. Give us a things !" No, savages did not make them. They better moral and social code, for ours is inadewere made by people who understood the simplic- quate for the new and complex problems we now ity of nature and necessity. If the original arts face. Send us strong Christian leaders who will and crafts of America are to be preserved, they dare to practice the high moral standard which must be taught rather than displayed in museums. the Christ taught. America and other nations are beginning to real- -ize that the Indian art has intrinsic value. May Since we are building a new nation out of the some catch a larger vision than those who took old from many nations, should we not say that the Indian's art away to put in museums. what each brings is the heritage of the other? It is thus that the Indian's heritage is America's. Indians might add to the historian's list of The First American has shared a country, his American statesmen and heroes the names of moral and material traditions. If later Ameri- cans share in turn, the race will not vanish.

The Need of a Missionary Ministry Too many pastors are uninformed and uninterested in missions, both at home and abroad.

They are not informing or interesting the churches they serve. They accept a budget quota, an apportionment, to be raised if possible, but it is all impersonal, bloodless, lifeless. It would take an expert burglar with an extraordinary good set of tools to jimmy his way with a mis- sionary speaker or a missionary program into a Sunday morning service of such a minister.

All honor to those pastors who lead their churches into larger knowledge, fuller fellow- ship, deeper consecration and more devoted cooperation in Christian world-wide work! There are some things in any program, doubtless, which can be criticized, but there are so many things that are worthy and challenging that any church ought to be able to designate its gifts to these objects. – The need for an evangelical, evangelistic, aggressive, optimistic, red-blooded, forward- looking, Christ-centered ministry is here. The world needs such a ministry, the churches need such a ministry-a ministry, loyal to Christ, loyal to His Word, loyal to the denomina- tion which they serve, ready to meet conditions in the home, the city, the State, ready to spend and be spent in seeking to get the Gospel believingly into the hearts of men and women and applied in business, social, civic, national and international affairs, and sent on its way to the ends of the earth. W. L. FERGUSON, D. D.

V ieVs of Missions to

.. :l} By W. DAVID OWL, Iroquois, New York A Native Cherokee Minister Among Six Nations A NY one who is acquainted with the progress votion to high ideals than that offered by the Indian .I".of the American Indian and who has a sym- missions. Some of the missionaries were of noble blood and had renounced titles and estates to engage in the pathetic understanding of the struggles of work; most of them were of finished scholarship and rethis people to reach a position where they could fined habit, and nearly all were of such exceptional ability enjoy the finer things which the nation has to as to have commanded attention in any community and offer, will not hesitate to register a tribute for to have possessed themselves of wealth and reputation the civilizing influence of Christian missionary had they so chosen; yet they deliberately faced poverty work for the Indians. and suffering, exile and oblivion, ingratitude, torture and death itself in the hope that some portion of a darkened Men and women who felt peculiarly and divine- world might be made better through their effort. ly commissioned to carry a message of God to this people have been sent to Indian tribes everywhere American Indians surely have received a pricewithin the borders of the United States, regard- less heritage from the hosts of saintly souls who less of their isolated location or nomadic habits. have gone among them doing good. We are the Every Indian now understands the meaning of the heirs of a genuine sacrificial spirit. Cross and what it symbolizes, though everyone may not be able to explain the intricate systems of The evangelization of the Indian has depended faith and organization which cluster about the cen- on two main policies and features of the work. tral theme. Pioneering missionaries have taken to On the one hand many missionaries have insisted the Indians in all parts of the country the story of that Christian Indians must sever themselves en- Christ; they have enlisted new converts to help tirely from the aboriginal practices. Native dress carry forward the program of the Church-heal- is discarded, participation in the feasts and cereing the sick, comforting the afflicted, supplying monials is prohibited; even occasional full Indian encouragement for purer living, and the building dress entertainment is discouraged and there is a of better and happier homes. To the native be- complete separation from the plumed and decoliefs in the "Great Spirit" the Christian mission- rative features of Indian life. These missionaries aries have added the fresher and more buoyant teach the Indian that in becoming disciples of faith in a personal Heavenly Father and in a Jesus the old life must be buried or entirely subfriendly universe. ordinated, and that the traditional racial back- ground cannot be trusted to form any part of In- The work has been supported by the generous dian religious loyalties. Secular education and gifts of missionary-minded white people in many contacts have tempered this process of remaking churches. Rich and poor, by their interest and the Indian in such a way that Indians themselves gifts, have quietly and prayerfully supplied vast have realized that they have something-construcspiritual resources and power, without which tive to contribute to American Christianity. there could be no front lines and no unique examples of self-sacrifice. Other missionaries recognize that the Chris- tian Indian is definitely in possession of certain Where long residence on one field has been pos- racial traits and characteristics which may well sible the progress of the tribe has been steady and be used as allies of the Christian faith and life. respondent with the Christian achievement. One This attitude toward the finer heritage of the of the finest tributes ever paid these faithful racial past permits the younger members of the champions of the Indian was made by the late race to cherish the romantic background so much James Mooney, ethnologist representing the loved by people the world over. They find in the Smithsonian Institution, who spent the greater Indian religious systems a reverence for the creportion of his life defending and encouraging na- ative genius of an invisible Being and they distive Indian ceremonials. Though not an enthusiast cover that the worship of that Being is often sinfor missions, yet he set down this beautiful cerely entered into during certain seasonal cere- monies which serve as a practical outlet of appretribute: ciation and thanksgiving.

In the four centuries of American history there is no Other vital Indian traits, such as hospitality more inspiring chapter of heroism, self-sacrifice and de- [412 ] and generosity, are used by the missionary to ize their own ability to share the opportunities ofserve not only in the restricted religious sense fered in every field of endeavor. This is naturally but in the larger social and economic contacts as more true of the advanced students than of unwell. This approach helps to preserve some of the schooled residents of the reservation. The spirit finer racial characteristics, increases race pride of unrest and desire for change is not so much and keeps alive some of the sacred traditions and against native traditions and customs, nor against customs which are rapidly vanishing into the un- the unprogressive members, rather, it is directed known. at the whole Indian situation. The Indian office of the Go~ernment, which is the legal guardian of the The following narrative shows how Indian gen- Indian wards, becomes the target for criticism erosity may be lifted out of its native setting and from erratic exponents of dissatisfaction, but the placed within the category of self-surrender and Christian enterprise also receives its share of verstewardship. During a meeting around an Indian bal pommeling. A queer psychology, very much camp fire, which a missionary was conducting, an akin to divine discontent, seems to take possession elderly man is said to have given his testimony in of these young Indians. It is in part the result of these words: the institutional and political control to which most Indians have been subjected during the last "I have listened to what you have spoken and it three decades. This attitude on the part of Inmakes me feel good inside," patting himself on the dians themselves has retarded the growth of bosom. Christianity among Indians more than any other acquired trait. When the student element of the A few days later the same Indian came to the race neglects to vitalize their own institutions, or missionary with the finest blanket he .possessed when they shun the enrichment of their native culand, handing it to him, said: "I give you this be- ture, the loss is truly great. But when spiritual cause you make me feel good inside." skepticism is allowed to seep into the life of the student body, the loss is even greater. It amounts The reply from the understanding missionary to spiritual race suicide. was: "Not enough." Scores of Indians of every tribe have been lead The Indian was puzzled and departed, but re- to expect something for nothing rather than to turned with his rifle. earn their own living and to create material and spiritual possessions for themselves. The fact "I give you," he said, "because you make me feel that only a few Indian churches are self-sustaingood inside." ing and only a few are benevolent-minded is not wholly the fault of the Indians. Missionaries and The answer was the same, "Not enough." government agents have sometimes encouraged The next time he came on the finest pony he them to "eat, sleep, and sit on the floor," by not could find. "I give you because you make me feel giving them anything they could do well, or by good inside," were his earnest words. not developing in them a sense of personal ambi- But the missionary again replied, "Not enough." tion to accomplish something difficult. Indians, Then the Indian rode away slowly, confused and like other peoples, catch a heavenly vision only as extremely perplexed. The missionary began to they begin with the improvement of the inner life. feel that perhaps he was making the Christian Every forward looking Christian Indian is a perlife too difficult and complicated for the Indian. sonal testimony to the enduring worth and the up- Finally, however, the Red Man returned empty lifting influence of missions to Indians. Thousands handed, with a lighter step and with a new light of these Christian Indians are scarcely ever heard in his eyes. Without a moment's hesitation he of because they are engaged in the serious busifell at the feet of the missionary, who was satis- ness of quietly earning an honest living, and infied and said, "Enough." cidently are making a better world. The average Missions to rural Indians, like mission schools, have always imparted something vital to those American is not interested in them. They disapwho came within their influence. As one travels point the thrill seeking tourists who, from childover the Indian country visiting their homes, see- hood days, have longed to see the noble Red Man, ing them at work and hearing of their Christian living like a savage in his native habitat. When heroism in the midst of the moral and social quick- these ·tourists discover that Indians live in comsands of reservation life, the impression that fortable and sanitary homes, in place of tepees; Christian work among Indians is not in .vain reg- that they eat wholesome foods, wear clean clothes, isters indelibly with the choicest loyalties of life. raise beautiful, healthy and intelligent children, The few, however, and not the masses have fully and even speak correctly the English language, experienced the satisfactions and joys that accom- then the romantic name "Indian" loses its charm. pany the true Christian life. Indians are like other Americans in their desires and hopes, and, when given the same advantages of education and environment, there are increasingly members of the race who come to real-

The present generation of American Indian them solve their problems by keeping them at youth should not be disheartened in their efforts work so that they may become self-supporting, to educate themselves. They need more than ever self-dependent, respectable citizens in the com- to rely on the friendly assistance of the Christian munity. With the influence he has gained the mis- missionary. When they become American citizens sionary can do a wonderful work in helping his they cannot depend upon their race membership struggling brother the Red Man. The best way to to sustain them or give to them victory over their help is by setting the proper example, giving an environment. There must be lodged in the hearts encouraging word, and showing the importance of of all Indians those spiritual resources upon which raising good gardens, poultry and cows. The mis- the pilgrims of every race have depended through sionary comes in contact with the returned stu- the centuries and which the Christian missionaries dents and can help them solve their problems. He have been sharing with them through the years. can visit their homes and encourage them in clean- liness. He can exchange ideas with them, sympa- TESTIMONY OF A SIOUX thize with them, try to understand them and know I am a Sioux, born and raised on the Sisseton the conditions of the individual families in the Reservation. From my own experience and from community. what I have learned through the older Indians The Indians look upon the missionaries as their who were leaders of different bands, and who have only true friends so that they have a wonderful had considerable experience with the missionaries, opportunity to help the government solve the In- I am convinced that the missionaries have been dian problem. SIMON J. KIRK.

friendly mediators between the Indians and the ANOTHER INDIAN'S VIEWPOINT government. They have also exerted great influ- ence in bringing about a better understanding be- Pima Indians were very superstitious, ruled by tween the Indians and the white people. They the medicine man who claimed to have power to have sympathized with them, often helping make kill and make alive. We had chiefs and sub- peace, assisting in treaty making, and have chiefs, but when sickness broke in, the medicine formed the intermediate step between the savage man was chief of chiefs. I remember, when a and civilization. Their influence helps maintain little boy, the chiefs and elders of the people met peace and friendly relations with other people. at my father's house to tell the old story of cre- The missionaries have also put the Dakota lan- ation-in wintertime. They told the story, sang, guage into writing and have taught the Dakotas and repeated their poetry. No one in the audi- to read and write. In this way they have enabled ence was allowed to sleep. They cleansed them- them to study books that have been translated. selves before starting the story; afterwards they This has induced them to seek more education and washed and stayed clean four days; eating no has made a number of fine leaders among their meat, salt, or fish; alone in the bushes, with paints own people. on their faces, fasting. In this story the Indians The missionaries have won the confidence of for many years expressed their traditions, relig- the Dakotas who believe with their whole hearts ious beliefs, customs, ways of living.

that these white people are their true friends. The Then came the Rev. Charles H. Cook. The in- Dakota people have the utmost confidence in the terpreter was poor and at first the Indians did missionaries and appreciate their friendship. not understand the new religion. After twelve They have always depended upon the missionaries years, the first convert, Manual, was won and with to guide them in their dealings with the govern- his converted father, became a great help. As ment, and in their tribal and public affairs. The the work grew Dr. Cook called us young Indians missionary can talk to the Indian in his own lan- to be helpers-Edward Jackson, Thomas Lewis, guage. Horace Williams. We were happy in the harvest The Dakota people used to be provided with fields. At his house every Wednesday we studied cattle, horses, clothing and rations every two the Bible and talked about what we had been do- weeks. They were happy and prospered but now ing in the fields. He said, "Young men follow they are confronted with new problems, for they me, as I follow Christ; obey God's voice."

are thrown upon their own resources. The cattle, As the Gospel spread he built three Indian horses and rations are gone and they are required churches which are still standing today. He never to make their own living on their allotments by bossed the work, but worked with us in the mud tilling the soil. If the Indian ever needed a friend with sleeves rolled up. He never complained if and a spiritual guide in his daily life it is right anything did not go right. He taught us to be now. open-handed, ready to give to the poor. His The missionaries have already secured the con- clothes were usually patched. He died poor, but fidence of the Dakota people and are able to help his treasure was laid up in Heaven. One wonderful thing I will never forget. When ates are a great help to the churches as Sunday the first twelve converts met at Casa Blanca, at a school superintendents, teachers, and preachers. faithful woman's place, they made their pledge to They work among many tribes-Pimas, Maribe clean like the Great Teachers. They would have copas, Mohaves, Apaches, Navajos, Papagos, Cono part in heathen dances, in gambling, in horse manches, Yaquis, Mexicans. Four ordained minraces, foot races, in Indian games and sports; no isters have come from that Bible School and its inpart in drinking strong drinks; no part in smok- fluence is felt in all our Indian churches. ing tobacco. They kept their pledge and led many Indians to cleanness of life. We expect and pray that in days to come the Spirit of the Lord will cover the Indian land as Dr. Cook greatly desired to have a Bible school water covers the seas. to train young Indians for leadership. He said the Rev. George Logie will be in charge of the By HORACE WILLIAMS, Phoenix, Arizona. work and in 1911 the Charles H. Cook Bible Pima Indian, age 66; long an assistant to Dr.' Cook. School was started. Now its students and gradu- Missionary among Pimas and Maricopas at Lehi.

A Missionary VieV of the Problem '411 By the REV. A. F. JOHNSON, Mitchell, South Dakota ]~.. Presbyterian Missionary to the Dakota (Sioux) Indians T HE Indian problem is the offspring of un- izes the entire organization, and a reflex action is familiarity with the actual local conditions. manifested also in the home. The church is The wonders of this giant's domain furnish necessarily the community center, and the scene readable magazine articles and thrilling platform of a varied number of welfare activities. Many orations. As a result, enthused investigators rush local congregations of these Dakota mission to the Indian reservations-and they always find churches have been inspired to construct guild what they seek, unless, perchance, the monster has houses, beside their houses of worship, for these outgrown their preconceived ideal. secular activities.

But is it fair play to the Indian to thus exhibit The responsibility for these meetings is assumed our brother man as a curiosity to the nation? by the Dakotas themselves, so that it becomes an Everybody knows that deplorable conditions exist, institution of the people, by the people, and for but we plead for a more normal attitude in apply- the people. Local leadership is evident, but the ing the needed remedy. We shall have an Indian leaders have forgotten they are Indians. This is problem to solve just as long as we insist upon not a theory for discussion, but a narrative of treating the Indian as an Indian. Conditions call present-day affairs. for a simplified program providing for the development of an independent manhood. Let us vis- Last summer the Dakota Presbyterian churches ualize him as a man, and forget that he is a of Montana heard much about a wonderful evan- "ward." gelistic campaign held by Dr. Billy Sunday in a nearby town of Havre, Montana. They decided to Originally, the Indian welcomed the commerce have evangelistic services in all their churches. of the white man; adopted his citizenship and re- A special evangelist was impossible as they had ligion; and willingly signed a treaty of peace. no funds. Despite an unusually severe drought Progress seemed assured until suddenly the In- last summer, and the consequent depression, an dian problem injected itself from some unknown Evangelistic Committee was selected to cooperate source and assumed command. Economic inde- with their general missionary from South Dakota, pendence is an outstanding local factor in the his- with all available local help. Special evangelistic tory of all the live, helpful churches of the Dakota meetings were conducted in each of the eight local (or Sioux) Mission. These churches, whose mem- churches; large congregations were in attendance, bers have experienced a transformation of char- and much interest was manifested in things spiracter and are radiating a divine light to the sur- itual. It was a genuine revival. Participation in rounding community, have had a historical back- responsibility for home affairs is of even greater ground of sacrificial giving which has developed importance when the intricate and vexing problem a personal independence and a resourcefulness of moral and social difficulties has to be solved. reaching forward towards self-support. This per- The people themselves can help to save a home, sonal proprietorship in the institution revolution- or an individual, from ruin.

A Good Indian

..:{ By the REV. HARRY H. TREAT, Anadarko, Okla. I~·· SUPERINTENDENT J. A. BUNTIN'S term of ways maintained that the basis of civilization is a service ended officially at Kiowa Agency on home for each family, properly planned outside March 31, as an employee under the Indian and inside, within reach of employment so that the family may earn a creditable living, and ad- Department, according to the rule passed by Con- jacent to church and school facilities. gress relating to men and women in Indian serv- The Indian population has increased twenty ice who reach the age of sixty-five years. . per cent in ten years and they have improved their John A. Buntin has seen many great changes home and living conditions. Mr. Buntin has endeavored to teach the Indians during his period of service. During the past ten the sound business principle that men and women years at the Kiowa Agency approximately 900 in the prime of life cannot afford to sell their property to get funds for living expenses, but homes, with many outbuildings, have been con- should support themselves through profitable em- ployment. He believes that, with continued superstructed, or rebuilt, for the Indian families so that, vision of the Indians by the government, mission- aries, and other good citizens, the task of educatwhile formerly they lived in tepees or huts, today ing, Christianizing and uplifting the Indians will be accomplished and they will ultimately become eighty-five per cent of them have reasonably good self-sustaining, self-respecting American citizens.

homes, well screened against flies and mosquitoes, a good water supply and sanitary arrangements.

The number of families working gardens and field crops and raising poultry has increased. The work of the women in housekeeping, sewing and canning has been excellent. Mr. Buntin has al- A Government Agent"s VieV .:{ I By JOHN ALLEN BUNTIN A Government Agent's Testimony ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ M ANY of the leading missionaries have rec- mISSIOnaries, looking after the spiritual welfare ognized the impracticability of separating of the Red Man. the work of Christianizing the Indians from supplying their needs in education, health, About as large a proportion of true Christians providing them with homes, outbuildings, water are found among the seven tribes of Indians of supplies, and employment. Many of the mission- the Kiowa Reservation as would be found among aries have not only taught the Indians religion the same number of average white citizens of the but have done much to promote the agricultural United States. The views and conduct of the and industrial activities and to improve their liv- Christian Indians on marriage, divorce, morality, ing conditions. gambling and right living, will average notice- ably better than among the non-Christians. I have spent nearly thirty-nine years as a government employee in the Indian Service in various A large part of the homes are well furnished positions. About twenty-eight years on the Kiowa and neatly kept by the Indian women. Their ad- Reservation near Anadarko, Oklahoma, in school vancement in farmi~ig, gardening, poultry raisand reservation work in close contact with the ing, home economics and Christian life, has been Christian missionaries. During the past ten years correspondingly good. For the splendid progress of my Indian Service, I held the position of Super- these Indians have made under government suintendent of the Kiowa Reservation and had, un- pervision, the missionaries are entitled to much der my supervision, 136 government employees credit, especially the progress made in Christianand seven tribes, containing 5,725 Indians. Work- ity. The Indians have been particularly fortunate ing among these were nine white and six Indian in having excellent cooperation between their mis- sionaries and the government employees.

[416 ]

T-wice Born Indians I Have Kno-wn

J!:.. By the REV. BRUCE KINNEY, D. D., Denver, Colo. Director of Indian Missions, American Baptist Home Mission Society W HITE ARM is a Crow Indian who thirty the difference this influence had made in his peo- years ago had never heard of the Gosp~l. ple. He became a Christian and for years led an In fact it is not known that any of hIS exemplary life. He was elected a deaco~ an~ c0.uld tribe was then living the Christian life. When he be seen serving the Lord's Supper wIth dIgnIty.

first heard the story of Jesus it sounded good to GOTEBO, long a Kiowa warrior, standing on a him; he gave up his allotment for the use of the chair at a great meeting, speaks to more than a missionary and took another not as valuable. Sev- thousand Indians of different tribes assembled toeral years passed before he could make up his gether. Holding up a walking cane, he says, mind to walk in the Jesus Road. Finally he went "When I cut this stick in the forest it was so to a great convention with the missionary and crooked that it looked as though it could never be was so impressed that he accepted Christ. Some made straight. I wet it and twisted and bent it Indians there, not of his own tribe, helped him to and put it in the sun. Then, after it had been in understand the Gospel by means of the sign lan- a vise for a long time, I whittled and polished it. guage. Now see how fine and smooth it is. White Arm was asked, through an interpreter, You see me. I led a crooked life for a long how he knew that he was a Christian. The Indian has a habit of thinking before he talks much on time. I used to go on the raid with my tribe and any important matter-not a bad habit. After would attack an Indian camp or a white settleconsidering he told the following experience: ment and plunder it. When I found a sleeping baby of an enemy I would grab it by the heel and "I knew I had a bad heart. It was not neces- throw it into the air and catch it on the point of sary for the missionary to tell me that. But I did my spear. Then Jesus took me in His hands and not know how to get rid of it. The missionary told me to pray to Jesus and He would give me a twisted me. How it did hurt at times! Finally new heart. I prayed and prayed but it did not he made me straight enough so that I could walk seem to do any good. I believed the missionary in the Jesus way. Then Jesus took me in. I was would not tell me a crooked story so I kept on a wicked man. I do not see how Jesus could for- give a man like me but He did and He will forgive praying. It was like a dark room, no windows, no light. I could not see. I kept on praying and you if you will follow him. When I was young all of a sudden, just like a man strikes a match, I never heard of the Jesus Road and the forgive- ness of Jesus. Perhaps that was some excuse for I could see." me. But you have heard it so that now you have White Arm had never read God's Word in any no excuse. Don't put it off longer but take Him language. He had never heard "The entrance of thy word giveth light," and other similar pass- today." ages. But this untutored pagan described in his own language the change that had taken place in *** his soul. JOHN FROST, another Crow Indian, had only *** gone through seven grades of education but when he was converted he at once began to preach. He had never even read the Bible but a good woman BUFFALO MEAT was a Southern Cheyenne war- who knew her Book, taught him to apply himself rior who led his people in the "last outbreak" of and before long he was given charge of a station that tribe against the white man. He was con- among his own people. He has accomplished more sidered so dangerous that, when he was captured, for his Lord than many a college and seminary he was taken in chains and kept a prisoner in the graduate with long training. Listen to him plead fortress at St. Augustine, Florida, lest he incite with an Indian congregation. .

his people to new wars. When finally he was re- "At one time'," he said, "all of us worshipped leased a mission had been established near his the eagle. Some part of his body was good medi- home and his keen mind was not long in detecting cine to us. Not long ago when I was visiting up [417 ]

in the mountains, at the home of a Christian one time professorial lecturer in two medical col- friend of mine, who did not worship the eagle, I leges in Chicago. He was devotedly interested in saw that he and his boys had caught a young the Indians, their civilization and in Christian eagle and had chained it to a small platform. I work among them.

told him that he ought to let it go free for God *** meant it to soar in the clouds and not be tied down. CHIEF LEFT HAND, a war chief of the Southern After some talk they cut it loose, but it did not Arapaho, was converted late in life. He made a seem to know that it was free to fly. It walked touching Jesus talk at the Northern Baptist Conaround eating scraps of meat that had been out of vention in Oklahoma City in 1908. As he sat down its reach. They tried to scare it away but it would a white haired old preacher arose and said, not go. Finally one of the boys took off his coat "Forty-four years ago I lived in Denver and enand whipped it. It looked surprised and then listed in the army to fight the Indians then on the tried its wings and was off. It soared in the air war path. At the battIe of Big Sandy, Left Hand and finally lighted on the topmost peak of a near- led the Arapahos. I sought his blood that day, but by mountain. That is like a lot of our own people. today I am his blood brother in Jesus Christ, our They live tied down to earth by sin, eating scraps Lord." These words created a profound sensaof food that they can pick up by the way. They tion so that the great audience called the preacher do not know that Jesus has paid the price to set to the platform and those two old men, one time them free from sin, but some are finally startled warriors and enemies on the field of battle, eminto action. They find that they are really free braced each other with joy. That is what the and raise their wings to fly aloft." Gospel does for the Red Man, and for the white *** man too. Bob Burdette, describing this scene to one who had not witnessed it said: "It impressed SHERMAN COOLIDGE, a full blooded Northern me so much that I believe I will be telling that story over and over again after I have been in Arapaho Indian, was found by General Coolidge heaven a million years."

on the battlefield. The general adopted him and *** in due time sent him to school. Later he was grad- HuGO BONNAHA, a full blooded Yavapai, has uated from college and from Seabury Divinity some education. He found Jesus Christ as his Saviour and for many years was a faithful em- School, was ordained a priest in the Protestant ployee in the smelter at Clarkdale, Arizona, win- ning the confidence of white and Indian employees. Episcopal Church, and served as a missionary to For several years he studied under a nearby white pastor five or six times a week, and for three years his own tribe for almost twenty years. He be- now he has devoted his whole time to Christian came a rector of a white congregation, and was work. He has two organized churches and drives thousands of miles seeking otherwise neglected advanced to the position of Canon in the Episco- groups of Indians.

pal Cathedral of Denver where he served until his *** death in January, 1932. His story is told in Who's Who. He was known far and wide for his gentle Christian spirit, fine ideals and earnest purpose td serve his Lord.

*** DR. CARLOS MONTEZUMA, a full blooded Apache, Time and space limitations do not allow me to was captured by the Pima Indians when he was tell of David Owl (Cherokee), Gabe Parker (Cher- about a year old and was sold to a white man for okee) , Henry Roe Cloud (Winnebago), Arthur thirty dollars. This man took him to his home in Parker (Seneca), Ruth Muskrat Bronson, Ruth the middle west and treated him like a son. The Hicks, Richard Aitson and other outstanding In- first language he knew was English and, as he dians who have done great things for God and proved very bright, his friend gave him educa- humanity because of their love for Jesus Christ.

tional advantages. In 1884, at the age of seven- A great host are graduating from schools and col- teen, he was graduated from the University of Illi- leges or are taking graduate work to fit them for nois as Bachelor of Science. He studied medicine, teaching, preaching and other forms of useful was graduated, married a white woman and set- service, all in the name of Christ. One such teach- tled in Chicago where he became an active member er wrote: "For a long time I was in doubt what I of the First Baptist Church. In 1918 when the should do. Today, in this government Indian "flu" got into the Baptist Missionary Training school, I have 100 young Indians in my classes in School, Dr. Montezuma was asked to take charge the regular day school and in Sunday school. I and, although nearly every one of the faculty and have found my life work and when I see their students numbering sixty-five contracted that dis- eager brown faces looking up into mine, I am ease which carried off so many thousands, he did thrilled at the opportunities to lead them into bet- not lose a single case. Dr. Montezuma was at ter ways."

Who Have Made

AN APACHE WHO STOOD THE TEST being forsaken by friends. A refusal would be Some Indians have made good as farmers; some proof that he had adopted the white man's relias interpreters; others as gardeners and fruit gion. The Indians were willing to pay all exgrowers; many more have acquired cattle in herds. penses, but he would not yield to their entreaty But among the Apache Indians who has made or even to their threats. He confessed his faith good with God or by the grace of God? A number in Christ and told the Apache Indians repeatedly, of Apache Christians come to mind, among them "I know in whom I believe. Be it unto me as He Cecil Haozous down in Arizona. wills, I am content. You cannot shake my convic- tion. I trust in Him above all things. His prom- When he returned to the San Carlos Indian ises are sure." His wife also confessed with him, Reservation from Hampton Institute, where he nursing him day and night for over two years. had attended school after his preliminary training They also brought their four children to the Lord on the reservation, he quickly became a leader in Holy Baptism. Thus Cecil Haozous, Apache Inamong his people. It was his wish to help bring dian of old San Carlos, Arizona, made good. the Apache to greater advancement, industrially and socially. In a short time he was the leading ALF M. UPLEGGER, speaker in tribal councils and enjoyed the confi~ Lutheran Apache Mission, Globe, Arizona.

dence of his fellow~tribesmen to such an extent A LITTLE INDIAN CRIPPLE that he was chosen chief representative of the San Little Esther, a child in a southern California Carlos Apache Indians and was sent by the tribe mission Indian home, was crippled from birth. It to Washington to confer with the Commissioner seems sad to be so handicapped but "Never have of Indian Affairs in regard to the allotment of I had greater encouragement in forty years of land and cattle to the Indians. His quest for his missionary experience than from this crippled people was not realized, and disappointed he had little girl," said the late Rev. W. H. Weinland, a to seek means of support off the reservation. Moravian missionary among the southern Cali- The vibration of a compressed air rock drill, fornia Indians. The child had to be carried everywhich he was handling when he was inj ured while working on the construction of the highway to where and so drew out more of the love and sym- Horse Mesa Dam, was too much for him. Though pathy from her parents than a normal child. treated with medical and hospital care, his consti~ These Christian parents practically never missed tution had suffered such nervous shock that he church from the time their baby was old enough was brought back to the reservation an invalid. to go for she grew to love the worship in God's He never fully recovered. At times he rallied and house so much that she insisted on being taken hope revived that he might help his people. But every Sunday. With rapt attention she listened when strength failed he asked: "With my people with wide-eyed interest to the sermons of her bemaking no material advancement, and I wanting loved missionary pastor and was able to discuss to serve them, with my family needing my support the sermon at home. Her bright face, sparkling -why must I lie here unable to do anything?" eyes and intelligent listening attitude was a great encouragement to pastor, parents and other wor- God knew how to prepare a chosen vessel for shippers. His service. The wasting plague consumed him more and more and for a long time his faithful Esther helped form a Junior Ladies Aid among and devoted wife, his aunt, the government phy~ the girls of the congregation and this was the sician, his missionary pastor and his wife were cause of not a little stimulation to the mothers and the only ones who paid any attention to him. sisters. Even the men were stimulated to more Finally his kinsfolk and fellow~tribesmen realized loyal service for their church by the courage and that the life of their spokesman was slowly ebbing ever present smile of this cheerful embodiment of away. the Master's Gospel of good cheer.

Then his faith was put to the firetest. Uncon~ G. F. WEINLAND. verted Indians came begging him to yield to old YELLOW BIRD-A CHIPPEWA INDIAN Indian religious custom and tradition. They in- One day when Osawepenas, a Chippewa Indian sisted that the best so-called Indian medicine men boy, living on ·the Flathead Reservation in Mon- practice their witchcraft over him. He knew that tana, was six, he chanced to see his great aunt refusal meant the scorn of all so-called "good" In- with a book in her hand.

dians in the tribe. It meant ridicule. It meant "What are you doing, grandmother?" he asked.'

[419 ]

"I am reading a book," she answered. sociation, who won his interest and admiration by "What is that?" came a second question. kindly acts in a time of sickness and death of a In her simple Indian fashion the great aunt child. showed the boy how a book was able to speak to those who were able to read. Through the consecrated efforts and earnest That day a new school was opened with one prayers of Mr. Burroughs, Malcolm Mitchell was pupil and this good old grandmother as teacher. induced to act as interpreter at the Christian She taught Osawepenas ("Yellow Bird") the first services and eventually gave his life to the service principles of the Cree syllabic system which re- of Christ. He says: minds one of shorthand. That Spring the teacher left with a band of Indians for a long trip across "I did not like to stand up by the side of the the Rockies, but before leaving she tore a number missionary and preach his sermons in Cree. My of leaves fmm her book, bound them together in a friends made fun of me and called me 'the preachrawhide cover and gave her pupil the key to the er,' but I could not refuse the missionary who had Cree system and the parable of the prodigal son, been so kind in our sorrow. I felt that I could not so that he might study in her absence. interpret well enough and after every service I de- Late in the Fall when the Indians returned from cided not to go near the mission again; but the their long trip, Osawepenas could scarcely wait next Sunday I found myself there. I could not for his family to visit the aged aunt. He was the stay away, though I did not like the job. It 'was first to greet her, exclaiming with a voice of tri- hard to find the right word and the missionary umph, "Grandmother! I can read!" She expressed had to stop many times to explain words to me. great delight and surprise when she found he was Then I began to pray to God for help. My wife able to read. But there was nothing to read except and I both prayed during the week and on my way occasional letters from friends of the family. His to church on Sundays I prayed that God would teacher had taught him all she knew and shared help me to say the right word. All at once I nowith him her library of one book. ticed a great change. God was helping me. Now it is easy for me to interpret and I like to do it." *** Malcolm Mitchell is now considered one of the At the age of fourteen (in 1904) Osawepenas best and most accurate interpreters. He has a began to work for a white rancher. "I often think good memory and a mind that is quick and alert. of my first white boss," he said later. "He was so It seldom becomes necessary to explain a new word different from other white men that I thought he a second time-remarkable for a man who has was funny, but I liked him because he was kind. never had the advantage of an education. Eager He always prayed at the table and I thought he to learn and prepare himself for greater usefulwas a little foolish. When we were working to- ness among his people, he has followed a course of gether and I mixed up my English with dirty and study under the direction of the missionaries, swear-words, he would stop working and look me looking toward his appointment as a lay reader, right in the eye and say: 'Yellow Bird, that is a and eventually to the ministry. bad word, don't use it.' I thought that English had to have those extra words to make it sound When Mr. and Mrs. Mitchell became Christians good, for everybody spoke that way exceptillg my they encountered much criticism and ridicule from boss. So I learned to speak two kinds of English. the other Indians. When they suffered sickness The one I used when with my boss and the other or some adversity a neighbor was sure to tell them when away from him. Later I learned that there that the affliction was the result of their connecwere two kinds of white people-something that is tion with the mission. Their faith was severely very hard for my people to learn." tested but they remained true. Today they are respected and honored by all and the Indians have If all who have come into contact with the In- chosen Mr. Mitchell as their official interpreter and dians during the past four hundred years had elected him president of the Indian Council. They been of such a character as this white rancher, seek his advice and judgment in many matters. the story of the Red Man would be far brighter He is also the honored judge of the Indian Court in the annals of American history. in which capacity he wields a strong and whole- some influence. He carries the United States mail In 1917 Osawepenas relinquished his rights on over the star route between Rocky Boy and Box the Blackfeet Reservation from which tribe he had Elder. taken a wife. They were enrolled with the Rocky Boy band recently established in the Bear Paw Mr. Mitchell has been connected with the mis- Mountains in Montana. He had taken a new name sion almost from its beginning and has grown to and is now better known as Malcolm Mitchell. At be an integral part in all its activities. In him the Rocky Boy he came in contact with Rev. E. D. missionary has a most loyal and faithful sup- Burroughs, missionary of the National Indian As- porter. His advice and judgment are solicited on all new projects and are rendered most humbly.

INDIANS WHO HAVE MADE GOOD

He and his good wife have a fine Christian home lived for· hundreds of years. When he was sixand their value to the Church in her missionary teen, he tried to take part in the Napikeh, the endeavors at Rocky Boy cannot be estimated. so-called sun dance, for he wanted not only to be like the young men but to excel them as good The REV. WILLIAM H. GABLE, Rocky Boy, Montana, fighters, "he-men." They wanted to pass the tor- Missionary of the United Lutheran Church. ture tests that would give them repute as brave and patriotic. After fasting two days and nights, THE STORY OF SITTING CROW hunger got the better of Sitting Crow for a time. Peditska Amakish ("Sitting Crow") was born Later he entered the arbor, made of posts ,and in 1861 at the old Fish-hook village (Fort Ber- poles and green boughs, with a shaggy, gory head thold). The Mandans, the Hidatsas, and the Rees of a buffalo on a high pole in the center. A dry had come to live there together. At eight years buffalo skull was on a mound of dirt at the side of age, he was a little boy, hunting birds and go- opposite the entrance. Naked men daubed with phers with a bow and arrowS. He was a grand- white clay, with eagle feathers hanging down their backs, danced about. For three days and SITTING CROW- A CHRISTIAN INDIAN nights they had been sitting before their totems in the arbor without food or drink. Now they son of the old Mandan chief Red Cow and a danced and blew whistles made of goose bones. A nephew of Itenape, a son of the chief. So by band of older men chanted to the rhythm of drum birth he was in line for leadership in his tribe. beats. Soon they had to rest, then they danced again. A leader danced back and forth between His uncle Itenape, "One-who-turns-away-his- the head and the skull till he fell. Then he reface," was of a reticent habit, but though shy, vived and danced again till he fell again, revived had broken away from his Indian life and gone and danced again till at last he lay in unconsciousnine hundred miles down the Missouri River with ness. General C. H. Howard and spent a year in the home of Dr. Alfred L. Riggs. He was not a Chris- One of the dancers stepped out to the middle. tian, but when the first missionaries came among It was Sitting Crow. An older man slit the flesh his people in 1876 he was a friend and interpreter. of his back, inserted a wooden skewer, tied a raw hide to the skewer and fastened the other end to Sitting Crow was at that time a boy of fifteen, the nostrils of the buffalo .head. Sitting Crow but the attitude of this uncle, twenty years older, danced, jerking at the cord, while men chanted who · still clung to his tribal inheritance, did and whistles blew. A crowd of men, women, and not seem to have had any effect on the lad. children watched from outside the booth. He He was a part of the life which Mandan boys had rushed in a circle and wound himself around the poh~, howling and with eyes fixed on the bloody head. He reversed and wound the other way. Then he fainted. Did he see a spirit which would give him success in hunting or fighting Or driv- ing away the evil spirit that caused sickness? Others believed that they saw a spirit embodied in some animal form, a bear, a hawk, an eagle, or a snake, and got help to win honors, to be pa- triotic and aid the tribe. Sitting Crow went away to sleep and to be fed soup when he awoke. · When he was eighteen years old, his father urged him to go and seek his protecting spirit on a hill across the Missouri River from the Indian village. Sitting Crow went in December, without food or drink for three days. He crawled into a hole in the side of the bluff, like a coyote. On the third night, he fell into a sleep of exhaustion and was rewarded with a dream. A man came and gave him an eagle feather. Then he went home, wondering what the interpretation would be. Some time after this an uncle who had gone to live with the Crow-Flies-High band of Hidatsas at Fort Buford, one hundred miles up the river,

came to visit and Sitting Crow went back with enty. The grip of the old ideas and customs of him. While he was at Fort Buford a roving band half a century ago was not at once shaken off. of Sioux drove off a bunch of the Hidatsas' horses Even now he has a scalp lock and the stuffed skin and Sitting Crow was with a party which chased of an enemy's hand among his treasures. His the enemy. He succeeded in striking one of the father left them to him. Remember the shell Sioux with a stick which was more glory than cases, helmets, swords, and masks our white solkilling with a shot at a distance. dier boys brought from France, and the cannon on the lawn in a peaceful park. Such souvenirs Thus Sitting Crow earned the right to wear his persist, though they might better be "for burning, first eagle feather – his croix-de-guerre – his for fuel of fire," or melted into harvesters now that we look for the "Prince of Peace." medal. In 1884, when Sitting Crow was twenty, herds Sitting Crow found it hard to stand up and be independent under the new order which destroyed of buffalo had become scarce, but he went on two the old means of living. But he has gradually or three hunting trips before hordes of white men yielded. Tanned buckskin grew scarce and cheap came and slaughtered all the buffalo. factory clothes easier to get. Stoves and windows made other changes necessary. Plows banished When Sitting Crow was twenty-two, he went bone hoes. with a hunting party as far as the Powder River, in Montana, more than three hundred miles away White people are more or less in bondage to from their village. There they found a large herd fashion, and they made Indians think that a man of buffalo and returned to camp with plenty of could not be civilized till he cut off his braided meat. Sitting Crow stayed behind, as he had hair. But the missionaries took pains to make again decided to drag a head. This time he was them understand that it was "heart work" that left alone in the dark. As he started along the counted. beaten trail, his load grew heavy. Perhaps this trail was one the buffalos disliked, and their Sitting Crow has gradually yielded more and spirits made the burden heavy. He left the trail more to the Christ. The grit which kept him perand went on the untracked prairie. The burden sistent in self-torture, now helps him to hold fast was still grievous. A storm came up. He dragged to what he grasps of the new way of life. Henry on wailing 'as he went. He was lost. The storm has found that all his persistent efforts at selfpassed. Dawn came. He climbed a hill and sight- immolation had only racked his body and left his ed the camp 'five miles away. He moistened the soul empty. He has learned that the Father of dried wound on his back with spittle. He got the our suffering Lord Jesus Christ can alone satisfy. rawhide cord untied. He set the buffalo head on the hill. He said to it: "We have spent the night Henry bares his soul in this tale that his fellow together. Now I leave you, Sacred One. Some Christians may understand him and his people and day you will help me and make me brave." . may be inclined to help them in their struggle to reach the Christian goal. When he reached the camp, the people were eating; but his grandfather, the old chief Red C. L. HALL and MRS. R. D. HALL. Cow, was sleeping. The old man had spent the night keeping up a fire on the hill that his grand- HOW AN INDIAN FOUND GOD son might find the camp. Poor Wolf was born in one of the five Hidatsa After this, Sitting Crow was again on a hunt villages on the Knife River where it empties into when an angry bull turned and knocked down his the Missouri. His uncle, "Road Maker," (Adihorse. He I:Jscaped, and the horse was only bruised, hidish), was a leader among his people when as the bull ran off with the herd. At another time, Lewis and Clark visited the villages in 1804-1805. in the melee, some one shot, and he felt a bullet Poor Wolf reckoned that he was born in 1820 whiz by. It had gone through the loose flapping and as a little boy remembered seeing white solend of his shirt. He felt that it was through drag- diers come up the river in eight wooden boats ging the head of a buffalo that twice he had been which they pulled with ropes from the bank. saved. These whites made an agreement with Indians about their hunting grounds. The little boy recol- At another time, when Sitting Crow was with a lected saying to his father (Buffalo-hide-tent), war party chasing some Sioux ~ho were driving "Will I be a white man now?" His father said, off a bunch of horses, he recovered two of the "Yes." In old age, Poor Wolf looking back would horses. He thought that this success was given say, "I have been a friend to the whites ever him by a spirit because he had dragged the head since." of a buffalo during a long night. When a child, only four or five years old, Poor Sitting Crow has now come to believe in the all- Wolf prayed to animals and to sun, moon, and powerful God. Many years ago, he was baptized stars. He was afraid of the enemy in the dark. and given the name of Henry. He is nearly sev-

INDIANS WHO HAVE MADE GOOD

Through a trader, his father had heard of the he gave the name of Poor or Lean Wolf to the one white man's Great Spirit, and in this way had who had saved his life.

some dim knowledge of God. He used to be afraid An eagle-hunter was reckoned a man of distincof the white man's teaching. tion among the Indians. There was a bluff near When Poor Wolf was seventeen he had small- the village where they used to worship when they pox-the scourge of 1837-and many of the people went on such expeditions. Poor Wolf once caught died. The others abandoned their villages and twelve eagles on one hunt, three in one day. There stayed away until three mysterious figures in are very strict rules for hunting, but Poor Wolf black told them that it was safe to return. Poor did not observe them all. One rule was that the Wolf was left alone, helpless, with swollen face most successful hunter should return to the camp and eyes half closed. A bear came in and walked right to where he was, sat down with his back pressed against him and began to scratch his breast with his forepaws. By and by, he got up and walked out of the lodge. Was Poor Wolf dreamihg, or did it really happen? Then the bear came back and, while Poor Wolf trembled with fear, went through the same motions again. The boy thought surely the bear had mercy on him, and when his father returned, they talked it over and agreed that the bear pitied him. After that, he worshipped the bear, in the dance, wearing ank- lets of bear's teeth.

When the boy was nineteen or twenty, and still unmarried, he fasted for twenty days, going with- out food and not smoking for four days, on the fifth day eating a little and then fasting again.

During this time he went about crying aloud, and after he ceased to fast, he still went about crying for a year. He would stand on a buffalo skull and cry out until his throat was dry. At the end of this fast, his father cut four pieces from his upper arm and four from the lower arm, as a sacrifice to his gods. After these wounds were healed, the youth entered a lodge, where there were many old men, and, with great cere- mony, was tattooed on his arms and all over one side of his breast and back. Two men did the POOR WOLF AND HIS GRANDDAUGHTER ROSE work of pricking in the patterns, while the men would sing, "Let his body be pictured, his spirit with his eagles, weeping. Poor Wolf came back also, 0, White Father in heaven and ye four winds, happy. They prayed to the fibre rope with which make him blue. Let him not be bitten by rattle- they caught the eagles. Two leaders in an eagle snakes, etc." It was thought that he could not be hunt wear eagle feathers around their necks and struck by bullets from an enemy; that he could sing songs in the night. Poor Wolf liked to go suck out poison without harm; that the tattooing about the business in his own way and had an would give him protection and make him cour- eagle claw tattooed on his right hand. His uncle ageous. put it on so that he could grab a Sioux.

Recounting his history, the old man said, "Once It is plain that Poor Wolf was a religious man a hundred warriors, out on a trip, became very as well as political leader. He believed in his hungry. I had a piece of fat buffalo meat con- gods and greatly influenced his people, who in turn cealed, which I had carried along. This I roasted rewarded him for his spiritual services.

and gave to them, and they were saved from starv- When the Christian missionary came in 1876, ing. In consequence one of the warriors, who had Poor Wolf was among the friendly Indians. Two taken part in a sun dance,gave me the name of years later Captain Pratt came to get the first 'Poor Wolf.' He had continued dancing for four pupils from the reservation. Poor Wolf was asked days until all others stopped and then had kept to let his children go to Hampton, Virginia. He on for another four days. In a dream he saw a said, "If I had sons, you could have them. I have wolf that told him he would have a long life." So only daughters and cannot let them go." Later

Poor Wolf joined a delegation of Indian leaders of the Son of God, of which you have been telling who went to Washington and Hampton. He was us, but there is much that I do not understand. I impressed by the works of the white people and was brought up in a different way."

the opportunities of the children at the school and Then he told me about being saved from the after his return home, wrote to one of the Indian smallpox, the bear, the bullets of the enemy, and girls of his tribe telling her to be diligent in learn- mysterious powers that protected him. I told him ing the white woman's ways. Later, when the that it was our Father in Heaven who had spared missionary collected a company of seven children him, so that he might hear about His Son, the for- to go to Santee, Nebraska, Poor Wolf's little girl giveness of sin, and the way of everlasting life.

Otter was the only girl among six boys. Otter The old chief went out into the dark-thinking.

prospered at Santee and was able to send mes- Later, one Sunday night, he came and spoke to sages back that encouraged him, so Poor Wolf me as follows: "What will I have to do to belong sent a second daughter a year or two older, to to God's people? Tell me plainly. Many years join her sister. These girls spent three years at ago I gave up fighting, stealing horses, and other Santee and became followers of the Christian way. bad deeds. I have obeyed the white man's laws The girls prayed for their father that he might as far as I know them. You tell me that I must follow them in their new experiences and thus give up conjuring. That will be difficult, for I get Poor Wolf became a regular attendant at Chris- presents and pay from the patients who are cured. tian services. He was useful in repeating to others Must I give up going to dances? By joining in the Bible stories he had learned and his friend- these dances and feasts and worship of spirits, I ship went so far as to make him a herald for the can get horses, ornaments, and fine clothing which mIssIOnary. According to Indian custom, he are given to the visitors. Must I give up the old would go around among the houses in the village Indian songs, which are a part of the life of our . calling out: "Come and sit for Ho-waste" (the people? Must I give up the charms that I have missionary's Indian name). Apparently he was carried on my body for years and which I bestill thE) "medicine-man" of the tribe.. lieve have defended me from demons? My body When 'his daughters came back from school, is tattooed to show my allegiance to various Poor Wolf found he had a new problem on his spirits. How can I cut these out of my flesh?

hands. The old village was not a fit place for Ever since I was a little child I have looked upon them to live. The younger one, Otter, found a the many things of nature and thought they were temporary refuge' in the missionary boarding great supernatural beings. Now you tell me that school. The older one, Miriam, had grown into it is the great God who made these things, and a Christian woman, much appreciated by her ma- who causes the sunshine and the thunder and rain.

trons and teachers. In August, 1885, Poor Wolf, I have gone about the village calling upon the his wife and two daughters were part of a com- people. to come and pray to God."

pany who went with me across the trail to Devil's Poor Wolf's two daughters returned the second Lake, one hundred and thirty miles. Withwhite time from school, and the problem of how to take men's ways he was not so familiar and once when care of them and adjust himself to the new con- there had been dampness in the region and liz- ditions became acute. The girls were Christians ards were plentiful, Poor Wolf found a nice dry, and had been praying for their father. He saw sandy place for the night. I was obliged to change that some new environment was needed for them the location for they had made their bed between and yet he felt that it was impossible for him 'to the rails of the railroad. At Devil's Lake the break away from his past. One day he said to his matron from the Santee school took the girls in daughter Otter, "I notice Christians all say 'Our charge. Then the old couple, having escaped from Father' in prayer. I have done so many wrong the perils of civilization started on their lonely things and been for so many years so far from way home. God's ways that it does not seem right for me to Poor Wolf was sixty-five years of age, and there say' 'My Father'."

was a great struggle within the old man's mind. His daughter gave him the Bible words, "To We were troubled in those days with Indians from as many as received Him, to them gave He power the North, and especially with evil white men, who to become the sons of God." Then Poor Wolf would drop down the river in a ski.ff or raft and said, "If He gives me the power to be His child, get away with our horses. White settlers formed then I may call him 'Father'."

a "vigilance committee" and one offender was In April, 1887, eleven years after our first land- found hanging on a telegraph post. One night ing at Fort Berthold, Poor Wolf proved his new the old man came to my house and said: "I have faith by throwing away all his old fetishes-a been watching for horse thieves. I saw your light dried turtle shell, muskrat skin, mink skin, red and came in. I was thinking much of this religion muscles, crane head, otter skin, besides pepper-

INDIANS WHO HAVE MADE GOOD

mint and other herbs. For these, and the songs until six years afterwards that he received Chrisand ritual connected with them, he had paid eighty buffalo hides besides guns and ponies. He tian baptism. In that year, 1893, a council of kept the turtle shell and the muscles because they belonged to his father, but he did not worship our white missionaries from all over the Dakotas them. He paid one hundred and eighty buffalo hides, ten decorated with porcupine quill work, for the first time found their way to our distant knives and ponies for a bear's arm, a crane's head, an owl's head, a buffalo skull, sweet-grass braided post. We had a Communion season, and sevento represent a snake with two heads, the long hair of the buffalo near the jaw, owl claws, and an teen, nearly all parents of our school children, image of an owl in buffalo hair. Such things were used at the buffalo dance for conjuring, with the were received into the church:–one for each year belief that they give the strength of the buffalo in fighting. They also bring the buffalo when of our mission life. It was like the breaking up food is scarce and cure wounds. There is corn in the ear and in a basket, red foxes and swift foxes, of the river ice in the spring, the whole commuarrow heads and things to make the wind blow right. All these conjuring things he took out to nity seemed to change. a hill, talked to them, told them he did not need them any more, and threw them away. For doing Poor Wolf was now an old man of seventy-four so, Crow Breast, the Gros Ventre chief, called him a fool. The people prophesied dire calamities be- winters. His old heathenism had been inserted cause of his forsaking his gods. Their predictions seemed to be fulfilled. His wife was struck with into his body as well as into his soul. I told him paralysis, which crippled her for some time. His team of horses was killed by lightning and he be- to look at the tattoo marks and say: "Let no man came blind. But his faith was not shaken. He knelt and prayed: "0 God of my daughter, be my trouble me, for I bear in my body the marks of God also!" After a time he partly recovered his sight, and his wife's health was restored. the Lord Jesus. They show from what He has Poor Wolf made a trip of three hundred miles to saved me." Cheyenne Agency that he might meet with Dakota Christians. He was one of the first to break away The energy that had gone into his Indian life from the old village and start a home on his individual allotment. From that time he was a great still persisted, and though his sight failed, he helper in the work of the mission, but it was not continued for sixteen years to be the main helper and inspiration in the church. As deacon, he had the privilege of receiving into the Church many.

others whom he had influenced to take the Chris- tian way. He would tell them how he had given up all his past for Christ, the true Saviour. He would tell the young man of doubting Thomas who was finally convinced when he saw the wounds, and he plead with them also to believe.

He prayed at his house with his family and would say: "I did wrong and was ignorant, but God is merciful and saves us."

Wolf Chief said when he called upon him: "Poor Wolf talked at length with me and I stayed all night at his house. At breakfast he asked me to make the usual prayer and said, 'I am very old now and waiting to go above, but you are young.

Persevere in the way of God.' " c. L HALL.

A TYPICAL CAMP OF CROW INDIANS ASSEMBLED FOR A "JESUS MEETING" ON THEIR RESERVATION IN MONTANA

r RESERVATIONS AND SCHOOLS .{(v""~ } "

I …. – .. .."""..;f' ~ 1 I " ) I ….

f _1..— *C::J Indian Reservahon STATUTE MILES … Feder.I School • Non-Reservation School • Boarding School … Day School o MISSion School, Contract • MISSion Schoof, Non-ContraC2 • SvutOf1Um .. Ins.ane Asy1lJm GO 19/ OTHER INDIAN RESERVATIONS AND SETTLEMENTS ARE FOUND IN FLORIDA (SEMINOLES), IN MAINE AND OTHER STATES

Are the Unevangelized Indians?*

IF·· By G. E. E. LINDQUIST, Lawrence, Kansas Missionarv.at.large, Society for Propagating the Gospel Among – Indians and Others in North America T HAT there are still unevangelized groups of ministry. In other parts of Oklahoma the insidi- Indians in the United States may seem sur- ous Peyote cult, the adherents of which use the prising to those who believe that for so- habit-forming drug, has made large inroads on called Christian nations the missionary enterprise, the constituency of old established missions. according to our Lord's command, began "in Jerusalem," then continued "in Judea and Samaria" In Brown County, Kansas, there are 69 famiand so to the "uttermost parts of the earth." lies of the Kickapoo tribe (numbering 291), as well as scattered Iowas, who are entirely without In the survey launched in 1919, under the direc- religious oversight at the present time. tion of the author, 46,000 Indians on forty reservations were found who were uninfluenced to any Socially, these Kickapoo Indians are on a low large extent by any church. It became evident plane and are regarded by government officials as that ne,glect, rather than duplication of effort, is the most backward and retarded of the four tribes the sin that might well be laid at the door of the under the agency. A large percentage of them Protestant churches in their mission work for the have been granted patents-in-fee to their land and Indians. Following the discovery of these un- have quickly disposed of it. Only three families reached groups it became the task of the fifteen are affiliated with any church, that being the Roconferences, which were held in various parts of man Catholic. Some say that they go to the Inthe country at that time, to formulate definite re- dian "Drum" church. At present there is no orquests that mission boards extend and strengthen ganized social life among them and practically no their work so as adequately to reach these neg- community gatherings. There is no center for lected groups. Since then a number of new fields religious work, and no Sunday schools for the chilhave been entered and specific allocation of re- dren. There is an old church building still standsponsibility assumed. ing which is owned by the Indians and is used oc- casionally for funerals. At the Kickapoo Day Then, almost on the heels of the new ventures School, where there are a number of bright and which promised so much for the future, came re- intelligent children, there is a good opportunity trenchment policies characterized by sporadic ef- not only for Sunday school but for regular reliforts falling far short of the objectives set.. Thus gious services. I visited this field last fan and the decade that followed the first comprehensive made an urgent appeal to a missionary society, survey made of Protestant Indian Missions saw a engaged in work on adjacent territory, to assume general let-down in religious interest and zeal responsibility for this neglected group. Previouswhich affected the first Americans as well as all ly overtures had been made to the Kansas Council Americans. Recent years, and even the last few of Religious Education, but there is no visible evimonths, have marked the withdrawal of mission- dence that the appeal was heeded. ary personnel, the closing of mission schools and hospitals, and the virtual abandonment of some In the category of the unevangelized are bands entire fields. of Chippewas in northern Minnesota, not far from the international boundary line, in the region In OklahomcL two tribes (Iowa and Otoes), who north and east of the Red Lake Indian Reservaten years ago were well manned, are today with- tion. In the days of Bishop Whipple, who was "a out missionaries. Certain sections of old Indian friend of the Indians when it meant something to Territory, for a century the habitat of the Five be a friend," these Chippewas were influenced by Civilized Tribes, show plainly the signs of retro- the missionary zeal of the Indian clergy raised up gression. Indian churches have been left to them- under his wise leadership. Today these have selves, segregated from wholesome contacts with passed on and but few have been found to take the white churches, with little or no supervision up their fallen mantle. Of recent years repre.. and with an untrained and poorly paid Indian sentatives of the Swedish Evangelical Mission Covenant have carried on itinerant work among * Due to the limitations of space only certain representative groups the Indians in the Ponemah and Rainy Lake dis- are discussed in this article. However, these are indicative of general conditions and needs. G. E. E. L.

[427 ]

tricts. The Rev. Alrick Olson, the field mission- bility and an unconquerable faith in God and the ary, reports that fully 1,500 are still without the eternal verities, will find a response as genuine ministrations of the Gospel. and whole-hearted as among those of any other The Florida Seminoles, though small in num- tribe. bers, have presented a challenge to missionary en- Scattered widely in small groups over the large deavor for over sixty years. There are three state of Nevada are more than 4,900 Indians, groups of them-those of the Okeechobee camps mostly Paiutes, Shoshones and Washoes. They (150), the Miccosukee of the Big Cypress Swamp constitute an appreciable proportion of the state's population. Aside from work among those on (400), and those in and around Dania and Miami fixed reservations, like Walker River and Pyramid (40-50). As early as 1870 an independent mis- Lake, and those in Colonies, like Reno-Sparks and sionary, Mr. Frost, attempted to establish a school Dresslerville, very little has been done by Chrisamong them but the project was soon abandoned. tian agencies to reach the various bands through- The National Indian Association launched a work out the state. Isolated, distressed and scattered, among these Everglade Indians in 1891, but later "like sheep without a shepherd," they have been turned over the field to the Protestant Episcopal Church. In 1913 the Creek Baptist Association of left to shift for themselves-without the Bread Oklahoma sent native missionaries to seek their of Life and the consolations of the Christian rebrethren in the Florida swamps. Due to the no- ligion. madic life of these Indians they found it seldom Earl Y. Henderson, Secretary of the Board of possible to get the same group together twice, Indian Commissioners, in a recent report deand it was even difficult to see the same person scribes the area traversed by these groups as folmore than once. They reported four Christians lows: among the Seminoles, three women and one man; The Lincoln Highway running east from Reno passes through the middle of Nevada, a vast and almost uninthey also found that the latter were much opposed habited region of great desert valleys, barren mountain to all strangers, whether Indian or white, partly chains and salt encrusted drY lakes or "sinks." A lone due to their fear of being removed from their mining claim on the side of a rocky hilI, a few bands of homes or having their children taken away to dis- sheep foraging in the sage brush and an occasional jack tant boarding schools. rabbit are the only signs of life seen for miles along this The past unhappy contacts with representatives route. The best known settlements in the center part of this area are Austin and Eureka, famous and prosperous of the white race have unfortunately prejudiced camps when great quantities of silver and other metals the Seminoles against "the white man's Christi- were being mined between 1862 and 1885. These places, anity." The Creek missionaries give this ver- in the old territory of the Shoshones, are now partly sion: "One (white) man came during the hunt- abandoned.

ing season and promised to get white man's price About fifteen years ago I strongly urged that for the otter and alligator hides. He left with the missionary work be undertaken among the Fort hides and has never been seen since. They believe McDermitt group in Humboldt County, 90 miles that 'the man who took their hides and that those north of Winnemucca on the Oregon line. This who bring them in to the 'commercial villages' is an old military reserve, constituting an area at Miami, St. Petersburg and other centers, where of 5,800 acres, of which 3,200 acres are known they are debauched by drink and exploited in vari- as public domain allotments and were obtained in ous ways, are Christians, and so they will not 1895. There are approximately 300 Paiutes in listen to anyone with a Bible." that area. Congregationalists, who at that' time Roy Nash, a special representative of the Com- carried on work at Fort Bidwell (California), missioner of Indian Affairs, made a survey of the Baptists, Episcopalians and Methodists were ap- Florida Seminoles in 1930. With regard to Chris- pealed to but the field still lies fallow and untilled.

tian missions among them he states: "For at Unquestionably the difficulties of missionary occu- least sixty years the waves of organized Christi- pation are great, but some means of extension anity have been lapping on Seminole shores. At work should surely be applied to this area so long the end, as in the beginning, the Seminole stands neglected. The government agent at Carson, who like a Rock of Gibraltar unshaken in pagan exercises a sort of oversight of these groups, be- pride." This investigator, though he gives scant lieves that Sunday school work and kindred activi- consideration to missionary work or its need on ties could be launched among these people by an this field, would perhaps admit that the barriers itinerant missionary with very little trouble as of pride, of race and of language hlight yield to far as the natives are concerned.

friendship and a sympathetic understanding. I In the Pacific Northwest, especially in the am convinced that any missionary who comes to Puget Sound region, one finds additional groups the Seminoles imbued with these qualities, plus a of neglected and unevangelized Indians. As a re- large measure of patience, showing a wise adapta- sult a brand of religion known as Shakerism has

WHERE ARE THE UNEVANGELIZED INDIANS?

found a footing among these tribes and remnants of some sort formerly existed among them, but is of tribes. Indian Shakerism is a peculiar mixture now broken down. of Christian principles and pagan superstition. Shaker rites are exemplified particularly in the Their customs, as well as their mythology, inceremonies attendant on efforts to heal the sick dicate a possible connection with the tribes of and to make converts. Timothy George, an In- Vancouver Island. The Quileute together with the dian rancher, living near Hursum, Washington, Quinaielt, by treaty at Olympia (July 1, 1855, and gives the following version of what the members January 25, 1856), ceded all their lands to the of the Shaker organization do: "We all good In- United States and agreed to remove to a preserve dians. Help one another. When one sick we all to be provided for them in Washington territory. shake his hands. Shake all the time until he gets The tribe has gradually diminished till now it well. No medicine. We also shake hands with numbers but slightly more than 260. They are each other when some one sick. That makes him under the jurisdiction of Neah Bay Agency. well. We take care of family when some one sick. All good Indians." It would seem that either the Methodists from Everson or Tulalip as centers, or the Presbyteri- What might be termed "a recrudescence of pa- ans from Neah Bay, could carryon extension work ganism" among the Indians of the Northwest is among the Quileute as well as other unreached the so-called "Feather Church." This is distinct- Indians in the coastal area. ly an effort, though a feeble one, to stem the tide of waning interest in the old pagan faiths and There remains for brief consideration the great practices. Here the ceremonies and superstitions virile tribe of the Southwest, known as the Navaof a fast passing order are taught and a great jo. Numbering over 40,000 and apparently indeal is made of "sings" and dances. The manifest creasing in population from year to year, these differences in the morals of the Christians and people are known as self-supporting, industrious the Feather Church adherents have been so ap- and independent individualists. They live on a parent that the latter is clearly a travesty on the large reservation, encroaching on four states, but old Indian religion. even though large the reservation cannot contain them all. They roam with their flocks of sheep Characteristic of the Puget Sound groups are and goats over vast uninhabited areas. It is said the Indians known as Quileute. Briefly described, that in the Black Mountain country, near the this is a Chimakuan tribe, now the only represen- southern Utah line, there are Navajoes who have tative of that linguistic stock, whose main seat is never seen a white man. Religiously, the tribe is at Lapush at the mouth of Quillayute River, about spoken of as the "last strong-hold of paganism." thirty-five miles south of Cape Flattery, on the While a number of denominations are represented west coast of Washington. A small division of in the missionary work among the Navajoes, there the tribe, the Hoh, live at the mouth of the river is still great need for camp workers, those who can of the same name, fifteen miles south of Lapush. penetrate to the remote hogans, in the mountain- Since they have been known to the whites the fastnesses. Of recent years efforts have been Quileute have always been few in number, but made to enlist native workers to reach their own being of an independent and war-like disposition people, and with their help an increasing numand occupying an easily defended situation, they ber of the books of the Bible have been translated have successfully resisted all attempts of neigh- into the difficult Navajo language. Rev. F. G. boring tribes to dislodge them. Their most active Mitchell, long a missionary among these people, enemies have been the Makah, of Neah Bay, and speaking of "the romance of evangelizing the until they came under the control of the United Navajo," says: States petty warfare between the two tribes was constant. The Quileute are noted for their skill A number of converts to Christianity, both educated and in pelagic sealing and are the most successful in uneducated, have accompanied workers of the mission on that pursuit of all the tribes of the coast. They deputation work in the churches and in attendance upon are also daring whalers, but have not attained the Presbyterian General Assembly. The testimony of the proficiency of the Makah. Salmon are caught these Christian Indians has both thrilled and gratified the in considerable numbers and constitute an impor- members of the churches as they see the value of their tant article of food. Roots and berries of vari- investment in the missionary work that is being done ous kinds are also much used. Although the among them. woods in their vicinity abound with deer, elk, and bear, the Quileute seemed to have hunted them ******** but little and have confined themselves to a seafaring life. There is evidence that a clan system The above recital indicates that there are still many unevangelized groups of Indians scattered over large and widely separated areas. Further- more, because of their nomadic instincts and wandering habits, the effort to establish perma- nent work among them is beset with many diffi- culties. It has been noted that the slow progress

of Indian evangelization must include not only inal Americans. The first has to do with our obneglected fields but the retrenchment policies ligation as Christians in the face of present and adopted by church boards and causing the loss of ever-challenging opportunities. It may be stated much ground gained by the pioneer workers in the in the following terms, which sums up the past. Thus there has been retrogression on some noblesse oblige of missionary endeavor: fields. Among other retarding influences, at work within the past twenty-five years, has been the It is the obligation that the strong owe to the introduction and use of peyote among the Indians weak, that the educated owe to the ignorant, that of the Middle West. the rich owe to the poor, that the wise owe to the superstitious, that the free owe to those who are In the work of evangelization there are, then, in bondage, and that every Christian owes to the above mentioned hindrances and set-backs, e'ucry non-Christian. peculiar in some respects to the Indian field, but more or less applicable to primitive peoples wher- Furthermore, the Christian churches of Amerever the Church has planted missions. As one ica owe a debt to the Indian which proximity and views the unfinished task it is well to examine into the claims of neighborliness bring. The dischargthe reasons for past failures and to profit by the ing of this debt calls for a constructive program mistakes of yesterday. Difficulties there are to be of advance instead of sporadic efforts and resure, but what are difficulties, for if not to be trenchment policies. It requires vision which adovercome, as Dr. John R. Mott has so often said. mits difficulties, identifies adversaries and over- comes in conquering might. What shall be our After more than twenty years spent in Indian response? Clear and unmistakable must be the missionary work, I desire to emphasize two as- answer. We must enter in and possess the land pects of the missionary effort in behalf of the orig- in Christ's name.

Indian Missionaries to Indians By MRS. MARY M. CRAWFORD, Lapwai, Idaho Missionary 0/ the Board 0/ National Missions, Presbyterian Church, V. S. A.

I N the olden times the Nez Per~e Indians of Mr. and Mrs. Spalding. A mISSIOn was estab- northern Idaho fished and hunted for a liv- lished among the Cayeuse Indians, but in 1847 ing. They managed to subsist in some way, this tribe massacred the Whitmans and eleven or died of hunger, for they were too proud to ac- others. cept rations from the government. They clothed themselves and made their tents from the skins of The Spaldings went on 120 miles up the river animals, living largely on roots and wild berries. and established the mission among the Nez Per~es bringing with them "The Book of Heaven." It was four Nez Per~es who made that memo- Mr. and Mrs. Spalding were alone among a wholly rable journey to St. Louis one hundred years ago heathen people, and in eleven years laid a good in the winter of 1831-1832. They had heard that solid foundation on which the work has been built. there was a God that was true, and that the white men had a book that told how to worship Him. During Mr. Spalding's eleven years' stay (We have their descendants in our churches to- among them, many of the Nez Per~es became day.) They started out from Kamiah, one of Christians and he would often take them with him their most beautiful valleys, with faith in their to preach the Gospel to the surrounding tribes. hearts seeking the "White Man's Book of Thus very early in their Christian lives they be- Heaven." Two died and were buried in St. Louis; gan to share the "good news" with others. Duranother died along the Yellowstone on the home- ing the twenty-four years when they were withward journey. One returned home thinking the out a missionary, this giving of the Word ceased search had been in vain; but he carried one note and they almost lost it-in fact they did lose all of encouragement, for some one had promised to except two of the "great commandments," "Resend a man with the Book. Each year the Nez member the Sabbath day to keep it holy" and Per~es went out on the mountains looking east, ex- "Thou shalt not steal." Mr. Spalding came back pecting the promised messenger. At last in 1836, to the Nez Per~es about 1870, but four years later at the Green River rendezvous, they were over- was taken sick and died. He is buried near the joyed to meet Dr. and Mrs. Marcus Whitman and Indian church which now bears his name.

Miss Sue L. McBeth, who came to the Nez

INDIAN MISSIONARIES TO INDIANS

Per<;es one year before Mr. Spalding's death, be- ership because they can reach their own people in gan the work of training native Christian workers a far better way and more quickly than any white for the churches which were then being organized. person. The Indian knows his own people and In the next twenty years ten Nez Per<;e Indian how to reach their hearts; he knows their temptamen were ordained to the Gospel ministry, taking tions and their sins, and where to strike the blow their places in the presbytery beside the white against them. ministers, with the same rights and privileges. For fifty years McBeth Mission has carried out the A few years ago some of our Nez Per<;es were policy of training an Indian Christian leadership. preaching among the Cheyenne Indians in east- The mission has believed in the Indian and has ern Montana, which is a Mennonite mission. One trusted him, and has trained him for service. night during the service an old medicine man rose up from the back of the church and said, "Oh you With these trained leaders they have not only Nez Per<;es had nothing to give up when you becared for their own six Nez Per<;e churches, but came Christians. Your religious system, meaning have continued the work of giving the Gospel to the old heathen superstition, was not so fine as other tribes. Parties would go out-men, women ours which was given to us by God, and no man and children on their ponies-taking long jour- can take it away." neys over mountains and plain, sometimes without water, except what they carried with them. I asked one of our elders whether it was true They would camp out at night, worshiping morn- that the Cheyenne had what they call a finer reing and evening by the way, going on and on to ligious system, and he said, "Oh, when we wor- Shoshones, Bannocks, Lemhis, Spokanes, Umatil- shiped the sun and the moon it was far worse las and others, preaching everywhere the good heathenism than the Cheyennes ever had." news of salvation through Jesus Christ. But the Indians who knew the old heathenism Later these Indians began to take regular work and had struggled almost to the death to come up in the surrounding tribes and through a period of out of it and leave the old degradation rose up at least ten years the Nez Per<;e ministers filled and condemned the old religion so boldly that the the pulpits of the two churches among the Spo- medicine man was put to silence. kane Indians in eastern Washington. For more than forty years there has been a Nez Per<;e In- Another time when the Nez Per<;es were among dian pastor or assistant pastor among the Umatil- the Crow Indians, where there is a Baptist Mislas in Oregon. sion, an old man rose up in the back seat. A Christian Indian never takes a back seat unless he Some years ago the missionary of the United backslides. This man rose and said, "I have Presbyterian Mission among the Warm Springs known the commandments for many years and Indians in Oregon called for one of the Nez Per<;e have tried to keep them, and now if you can tell ministers to take his place during a leave of ab- me of one that I have broken I will listen to this sence for three years. A Nez Per<;e minister also Gospel you are preaching." One of the Nez did regular work under the Reformed Church Per<;es was on his feet at once and said, "You among the Winnebagoes in Nebraska and among have been breaking the first commandment all the Apaches in New Mexico. The same man your life, because you have been trusting in your worked for some years at Ft. Hall in southern old heathen religion instead of worshiping the Idaho, and another man has had charge of the true God." work there for the last four years. A Nez Per<;e has charge of the mission among the western Sho- The Indian knows where to begin when he deshones at Owyhee, Nevada, and a Makah Indian nounces sin among them. He knows exactly what (trained here) has the work among his own peo- they are doing. It might take a white man sevple at Neah Bay, Washington. A Spokane In- eral years to find out these things. We are comdian was for five years in charge of work among ing more and more to believe if the Indians in the Quinault Indians at Taholah, Washington. general are ever brought to Jesus Christ, it will be when their own people lead them to Him. Besides serving their own six Nez Per<;e churches, and conducting regular work in other The Nez Per<;es are not held up as patterns of tribes, the Indians have gone out to assist mis- godliness, for they are "just folks" with a simple sionaries in holding evangelistic meetings in al- faith in God and His word. The Lord has done most every tribe in the Northwest. A few years much for them, and through them is reaching out ago they had calls from eleven different tribes, to their Red brethren. The Rev. James Hayes, and by dividing their forces they reached nine D. D., perhaps our greatest Indian evangelist, at of these tribes in one year, traveling over five his death in 1928 had reached twenty-five tribes states and working under four denominations. with the Gospel, not only going once but again and again, so anxious was he for the salvation of The McBeth Mission believes in a native lead- Indian people. He had gone to nearly every tribe from the Canadian border to Arizona.

Need for Christian

By the REV. G. WA TERMULDER, Lawrence, Kansas 11:"

Field Secretary for Indian Work, Reformed Church in America I T is not difficult for the Indian to believe in the which she lived, largely Indian, had only one supernatural, as presented in the Christian re- church building. On the first Sunday of every ligion. On the contrary, it is strange to him month a Methodist filled the pulpit; on the second to see an attitude of indifference on the part of Sunday the Southern Baptist; on the third a Sev- his white neighbor; or to hear of a religion of enth-Day Adventist; on the fourth a Holiness mere humanism or cold materialism. As a primi- preacher. She said: "When my sister and I went tive man he has responded remarkably well, some- away to school we felt that we must join some times eagerly, to the teachings of the Gospel as church, so we joined the Presbyterian because it revealed in the "White Man's Book." was one we didn't know anything about! To It is very difficult for him to understand the none of us six children does sectarianism mean differences in our religious faith, the various de- anything at all. I think that is true of most In- nominations and sects, or even the difference be- dians, even those who are most steeped and drilled tween Catholics and Protestants. He sees things in denominational loyalties." Although Mrs.

in the concrete rather than the abstract. He is Bronson's experience is extreme, it can be dupli- constantly saying to Christian workers, "Do we cated in some instances.

not all worship the same God, the same Jesus? There is great need for a united church to face Is not one church as good as another?" The the many Indian problems today. Reservation peyote cult, which has had such a rapid growth life is rapidly disintegrating. The younger gen- and developed such surprising strength, obtained eration is not so much attached to the old mis- much of its impetus from this belief in the uni- sion church because it belongs to a certain denomi- versality of the Christian religion. nation. Indians are interested in the church that It has been a great pity that the Christian re- is helping them, or where they can help them- ligion has come to the American Indian through selves and assume responsibility. The economic many denominations, ofttimes stressing non-es- pressure is terrific and they must stand and fight sential differences and obscuring the vision of it out together, with a united church to furnish Jesus. Notable pioneer missionaries blazed the the strength and inspiration. This era of transi- early trail. We will never forget the names of Ed- tion calls for a unified program where prejudice wards, Brainerd, Eliot, Zeisberger, Penn, Wil- and rivalry have no place; where all can come and liams, Riggs, Williamson, Hare, Whitman, Whip- drink of the one Fountain of Life and can go to ple and many others. The whole country was their homes on their changing reservations, or to their field. In that early period mission boards other settlements and to the cities upheld by di- had not yet been formed as they exist today; nor vine strength, with a vision of the great indwell- had the nation entered upon that period of ex- ing Christ who is adequate to deal with all sin ploitation and greed for land, as it developed later. and all social mal-adjustments.

With the extension of white settlements and the Already much has been accomplished in co- changing location of tribes, denominational ri- operation and unity; and there are heartening valry gradually developed in many sections, signs that greater things will come soon; that we bringing confusion and disruption-the Indians are approaching a new era.

wondering why. In some instances one tribe has The Home Missions Council was organized in a number of missionaries from various denomi- 1908 and was later joined by the Council of nations, while a nearby tribe is still almost desti- Women for Home Missions. The joint Indian tute of Gospel privileges. Committee of these organizations has begun a At the Washington Home Missions Congress in splendid work of cooperation. Unreached tribes 1930, Mrs. Ruth Muskrat Bronson, a Cherokee, have been allocated to various church bodies; sur- gave her own experience. Her father was an veys of fields have been made; conferences of In- hereditary Southern Baptist, her mother a thor- dian workers have been held; directors of reli- oughly converted Methodist. The community in gious education in government schools have been [432 ] appointed; cooperation with the Indian Bureau of out this special organized help, and the religious the government has been encouraged. work depends solely upon the voluntary service of The first American Indian conference, compris- interested government employes, local friends, ing missionaries and workers and board officials and such service as nearby missionaries, already of all denominations engaged in Indian work in overburdened, may be able to render. Yet these the U. S., was held in Wichita, Kansas, in 1919. schools· offer the greatest opportunity for inter- It was a notable gathering. It visualized the en- denominational work at the most crucial period of tire field with all its needs and opportunities, and a student's life, at a time of most tragic social and gave an impetus for detailed studies and for economic changes, when all of life should be inter- larger and better work along real cooperative preted in terms of the teachings of Jesus Christ.

lines. Missionaries to the Indians will never The importance and urgency of this work in cease to thank God for that conference when a be- the schools cannot be overstated.

ginning was made to face the new conditions in We have already passed the pioneering stage a new era. and have reached a period of rapid assimilation.

The twelve regional conferences in 1921-22 held It has been said that "the Indian is the most un- in various sections of the Indian field were of fortunate racial group in this country." Will not equal importance. They brought together work- the Church of Christ in this decade-not the next ers of different denominations in the same or ad- -in this decade, while the opportunity is ours, jacent fields who had never met in conference be- hear the call and give these eager young people fore. Together they discussed the changing con- the spiritual nurture and direction they so much ditions, the awakening of a new race conscious- need as they face the inevitable new order? It is ness and the great task. For some years annual time for earnest consideration of an immediate local conferences also have been held by the mis- problem and a candid and courageous effort to sions of various churches, not only for Bible study meet it.

and spiritual inspiration but also for the study of It is heartening to realize that the Church and local and nation-wide Indian problems. This has the federal government have never visualized the greatly helped to bring more unity in the work, need and the opportunity as clearly as they do developing a spirit of fellowship, comradeship and today. Resolutions must now become actions.

cooperation. The annual Western Oklahoma Con- The North American Home Missions Congress in ference of Indian Missions, the Southwest Bible 1930 gave this cause a great impetus. It defined and Missionary Conference of Indian workers at the objective in these meaningful words: "Our Flagstaff, Arizona, and the Dakota Conference task is pre-eminently spiritual-the bringing of have been the largest and most active. These or- every Indian into allegiance with our Lord and ganizations will again meet in late summer and Saviour for worship and service in His Kingdom, early autumn, affording splendid opportunity for that, with Christians of other races, they may in- the discussion of the changing conditions and terpret and accept the full meaning of His Lor~­ needs and how to adapt our mission program to ship in their lives." In its recommendations, the meet these needs. Congress urged "comity and cooperation in the But beyond all question, the finest piece of co- Indian fields." In connection with the need for operative work for the Protestant church can be religious instruction in the schools it made the done in the reservation and non-reservation gov- challenging statement, "We believe this to be our ernment Indian schools, where thousands of In- greatest single opportunity for advance now open dian boys and girls attend. The government now to our boards in the field of Indian work."

maintains seven large non-reservation boarding The future of the work of the Church for the schools doing high school work, supplemented by American Indian never looked brighter. It is an special vocational, industrial or more advanced era when new objectives will be found-new ad- academic or commercial courses. In these schools justments made and men enlisted who are ade- many tribes are represented, coming from all sec- qu.ately equipped for the work. The words of tions of the United States. At the same time their Professor Steiner have real inspiration: "Chris- religious affiliations represent many different de- tianity has in its spirit the solution of class and nominations. The Home Mission Councils have race problems, but in its practice it is lamentably sent full-time religious work directors to some, far from solving them. He who wishes to enter and part-time work is done in others. Thus much into the fellowship with race or nation with splendid and far-reaching work has been accom- which he lives must free himself from all isolating plished. It is a bright chapter in the cooperative practices. Entrance into such a large human re- work of Indian missions. lationship has to be bought with a price, and the While we rejoice in this achievement, although price is worth paying, for there is scarcely any belated, let it be noted that many schools are with- experience loftier than being one with mankind."

Indian Speaks for

AT THE PARTING OF THE WAYS We have still far to climb, but one day we shall reach the heights of achievement. Hold on to the LN old Apache medicine man, who belonged rope and keep pulling us up to the top of the hill. We need the help of our white brothers, and you ~ to the days when Pimas and Apaches were need ours. Your church, your country, can never enemies, was visiting a Pima camp meet- be a complete success unless you are lifting those who sit in darkness up into the light we begin to ing. He remembered well the days when hatred, see. We are one great family and when we obey jealousy, superstition and fear prevailed, and the great command, "Love thy neighbor as thynaturally he wondered about what he saw on this self," race prejudice and fear will die, peace and visit when Christianity was exterminating the old goodwill shall reign in the hearts of white folks spirit among the Pimas. To his amazement he and of Indians. found himself respected, treated as a brother, and his heart was so stirred that he could not hold By ESAU JOSEPH, Phoenix, Arizona. back what was in it. Through an interpreter he said, "You Pimas have something we do not have. Graduate of Tucson Indian Training School; of U. S. Won't you send one of your Christian young men Indian School, Phoenix; of the Charles H. Cook Bible to tell us what it is?" School; Assistant in the Presbyterian Indian Mission.

So a Pima missionary began work among THROUGH THE EYES OF THE YOUNG Apaches. INDIAN The power of Christ can change the inner life I love to picture St. Paul at Troas where a vision of the Indian from hatred, fear and superstition appeared to him in the night. There stood a man to a feeling of love and goodwill. Much has been saying, "Come over and help us." He immediately done for the Indian's outward life, but not until responded to the request and was led to cross the his inner spirit is touched through contact with Christ will he become loving, kind, gentle, narrow strait and to carry the Gospel from Asia thoughtful, intelligent and industrious. Then his into Europe. He realized that the work of Christ's followers was to bring all men into one spiritual outlook for the future will be bright and hopeful. We stand at the parting of the ways. The old family; that all men should love one another; and trail is ending; before us stretches the white that all should come into the belief of the One Suman's road, which we must travel whether we like it or not. As the Indian looks at the new preme God as He is revealed in Jesus Christ.

road he is troubled, not knowing whether to go The second thing about St. Paul's life was his forward or backward. The young educated Indian is not satisfied with the old methods that eagerness to proclaim the Gospel to all men. His have been followed in the mission church and school; in their primitive social and public life. slogan seemed to be: "Woe is unto me, if I preach He is realizing his own responsibility to help change these conditions. not the Gospel." He had to go through many hard- His greatest handicap is the lack of a trained ships and sufferings but finally he was able to say: native Christian leadership. When they have been to school and go back to their people they "I have fought a good fight, I have finished my often fail because they are not ready to carry responsibility. In school the high qualities of course, I have kept the faith." leadership have not been developed in them The Macedonian cry rings in our ears today and through constantly having to overcome difficulties and accept responsibility. Our Indian churches will always confront the Church. eSxoam~eploef us who often have no definite program for the young peo- hear the call should follow the of the pIe, and because there is no adequate provision for their needs, they go somewhere else in search of Apostle who gave all his devotion and loyalty to what they want. What they find often destroys their character and ideals instead of building extend the rule of Christ among men. This Macethem up. The time has come when our Christian leaders must have adequate education, and when donian cry comes from the American Indians tothe spirit of Christ must be revealed in their lives. day.

The Church of Christ is called to lead the spirit- ually inclined Indians to know and appreciate the love of God. In many places the Church has been a faithful mother to my people and has been a standard of helpfulness to the Indians throughout America. Christian religious education is needed by Indian boys and girls today in the non-reserva- tion government schools. This enterprise should have the support of those who love Christ, and [434 ] who 'f>ray and give that His kingdom may be en- fornia area, the North Pacific area, and the Plalarged. teau area.

Generosity and hospitality, two virtues handed Conditions among the Indians as a whole are down from parents to children, stand out at the decidedly different from what they were a few Indian Christian convocations. The Indians love years ago, since an act of Congress made every to give offerings to support the Church. Now a Indian a citizen of the United States. Many are higher prized treasure has come into his posses- adapting themselves to the general scheme of the sion-the faith by which they are able to know present civilization, but many others are adhering that they have a God to love, neighbors to love, and to old customs and beliefs. a Church to love. The future of one group may not be the future The Ashley House Correspondence School, start- of another; if we consider language, climate, ened in connection with the Ashley House Indian vironment, and the numerous tribal divisions, we Divinity School at Mission, South Dakota, gives are at a loss to state what the Indian's future may courses in the Old Testament, Prayer, Church His- be. Although there are certain marked charactertory, the Harmony of the Gospels, and other sub- istics among the Indian people, the moral and jects. These lessons help my people to read and social influences that surround them have a trestudy about the history and doctrines of the mendous part to play in their future. Church. The attitude of the American public toward the In less than a century we have the Bible, Prayer Indian as a race will have much. to do with his Book and the Dakota Hymnal translated into our future. Some people prey upon the Indian and own language. Other leaflets are being prepared, commercialize his tribal ceremonies and his retranslated and printed and distributed to the peo- ligious rites. Others still adhere to the historic ple. But we are just beginning to create a new conception of the Indian as a race. Lack of inforundertaking which is to have the people do more mation causes them to continue to class the Indian reading and studying about the Church. The early as a curiosity. Others are led by the motion picmissionaries had the same insight. One Bishop tures and Wild West shows to think of the Indian used to say to the young priests who were impa- mainly in his picturesque regalia. tient for notable results, "It took three thousand years to civilize Europe; we can't expect to Chris- Lack of accurate information causes the public tianize the Indians in ten." to overlook the fact that the Indian is human and is subject to all the influences that dominate the In the Indian country "Old things are passed present civilization. Many do not know that the away; behold, all things are become new." Buf- Indian as a race is trying to educate himself to faloes no longer roam the prairie; lakes are not meet and take advantage of modern conditions. teeming with fish as in the former days; fur-bearing animals are more and more scarce as the years The educational policy of the United States will go by. The Indian languages and customs are play an important role as to the Indian's economic gradually dying out, yet in the midst of all these future. The missionary efforts of religious sects changes we have found One who is unchanging will continue to influence his spiritual future and and who has said, "I am the Lord, I change not." his response to Christian teaching will increase We know that Jesus Christ is "the same yesterday, his usefulness as a citizen. today and forever." This is a comfort to us. The Southwestern area seems to be the center Christians in our country can still help the In- of the present Indian problem. In this area the dian people in many ways. We are spiritually in tribes seem to be slow to accept modern standards. need as truly as are the millions in far away India. But as the light of Christianity continues to pene- To supply this need will take time, prayers and trate into the heart of the pagan, the skeptic and money. More Indian young men should be encour- the medicine man a better day will come when the aged to enter the ministry to help others follow Indian as a race will appropriate the higher things the New Trail that leads to God. Then we will of life-economically, socially, and spiritually. all become united in one Great Family, with true faith in one God and love for one another. STEWART LEWIS, Phoenix, Arizona.

By CYRIL C. ROUILLARD, Pierre, South Dakota. Pima Indian; Head of the Printing Department, U. S. Indian School, Phoenix; Elder in Phoenix Indian Presby- terian Church.

THE FUTURE OF THE AMERICAN INDIAN THE HOPE OF THE INDIAN The census of 1930 shows that there are ap- The hope of the Indian in America lies in the proximately 340,000 Indians within the continen- Indian youth of today, who will be the Indian of tal limits of the United States. The geographic tomo.rrow. divisions include the Plains area, the Eastern Woodland area, the Southwestern area, the Cali- Much is being done to help the Indian and to. remedy some of the mistakes made in the past.

Only by building on the foundation of Christ have been in civilization today if the dole system will the Indian youth be able to make good citi- had never been brought to our country. Gradualzens and become the leaders in whatever field they ly this system is being taken away. The future may choose. Indian men and women will work shoulder to shoulder with any other race and earn an honest Our forefathers lived their lives and many were living, as God put us into the world to do. leaders. We are thankful for the heritage we have. The Indian is a natural leader and every Every Indian young man and woman today effort ought to be made today to help cultivate this should have a knowledge of the Word of God and heritage. build his life on this foundation. Only then will our future Indians be a blessing, as all nations The future looks bright for the Indians, and should be. We who are in Christian work should many of our young people are having the oppor- help put this knowledge before them. tunity never before given them. If they fail it will be no reflection on our white friends. We need the cooperation of the Church and the Government to make the future Indian of America The dole system has been the one great draw- a blessing in leadership. back in past years. How much further we would GRACE EASTMAN MOORE, Flandreau, South Dakota.

Some Indian Christian Leaders WILSON WALKER-On a Sunday morning in ary and of a Christian Pima baker who helped April, 1932, the Apaches listened reverently to him to believe that Christianity was good for an their Pima Indian missionary in the stone church Indian. After completing the eighth grade, he at Ft. McDowell, Arizona. "God calls to you," he took two years of training in a Bible school at said, "as to the men of old; go forward where Los Angeles, and then one year in the Phoenix He leads you; do not run away when the task Bible School. Now for twenty years he has been grows hard; trust and hold on." in charge of the Mohave mission church at Parker, Arizona. He helped build, amid the mesquite, the In October, 1917, Wilson Walker had answered first little stick and mud church, and then the the appeal for a young Christian Pima to go as a present neat structure, with grass and trees missionary to the Apaches, the Pimas' old-time around it. He helped develop a spirit of comradeenemies. During the next three years while at- ship among the Christian Indians, resulting in tending the Cook Bible School, he spent week-ends higher ideals, better homes and farms. You could and summer vacations among these Apaches and now guess where the Christians lived, as you drive for twelve years he has been their resident mis- along the reservation roads. Out of this group sionary. have come six Mohave men and women to attend the Cook Bible School, their comrades at home Attendance and membership at the stone church caring for house and farm and .stock. have increased and there has been growth in Christian spirit and service. The Pima mission- Mr. Booth has a fine spirit, genial and patient. ary has won the affection and respect of an alien He is an outstanding influence for good in his tribe. An Apache head-man who tried to keep tribe. He is a ready speaker, a good musician- Christians from getting work, became a Christian able to play organ, piano, cornet, and to lead choir a year later. Another young Indian, swaggering or band. He is frequently invited to help in evanin chaps and spurs and disturbing the meetings, gelistic services among Yumas, Maricopas, became a helper. Mrs. Walker, a Choctaw, ably Apaches. At forty-three, the best years may still supports her husband in church and Sunday lie ahead for him, his Papago wife and eight fine school, in choir and missionary society. She is a children. good musician, and a former student at the Cook Bible School. Ten Apache men and women from GEORGE LOGIE. Ft. McDowell have attended the Bible School and are loyally supporting Mr. Walker, who has made Superintendent of the Charles H. Cook Bible School and good through the stress and strain of fifteen years. Phoenix Indian Mission, 1911-1932. Now his health has broken, and there was anxiety in the Apache stone church and. in the Pima- CAPTAIN JOHN MORONGO was the chief of a Choctaw manse, that April Sunday. small tribe of mission Indians on a southern Cali- fornia reservation. A missionary was looking for RANDALL K. BOOTH-His father was Ku-na-ha, a favorable place to locate a mission under the Mohave medicine man. At Ft. Mohave School, auspices of the Moravian Church and the Women's Randall came under the influence of the mission- National Indian Missionary Society. Forces of

SOME INDIAN CHRISTIAN LEADERS

darkness, ignorance and sin had closed several iug them an account of his life as a Christian promising fields against the entrance of the Gospel and the question of locating on the reservation minister. where Captain John held sway was being considered. It was no easy matter to settle. Many of Last autumn, at the great annual conference of the Indians were suspicious of the newcomers, and many held bigoted prejudices or did not want the Dakota Presbyterian and Congregational Into be disturbed in their lives of sin. gdaitainos~ahlemwinaisstseerl,ecRteedv,. with the veteran Congre- Thomas Riggs, to admin- ister the Sunday morning Communion Service.

Captain John bravely took his stand in inviting the mission to locate on his reservation. Through the rest of his life he stood loyally by his decision. He ruled his people with fairness and common sense, mixed with a generous amount of kindness and appreciation for the higher values of life.

Sunday after Sunday Captain John interpreted the sermon of the missionary so that the older Indians could understand. He had not taken his stand as a Christian but was willing to help bring whatever was good to his people. One Sunday, after the interpretation, he continued to' speak in an earnest way and was followed closely by members of the congregation both young and old. After the service the missionary asked Captain John what he had said after the sermon. "I just told them," he replied, "that I had decided to be a Christian and would look to God to help me live as a Christian man." For the rest of his life Captain John showed that he meant every word. In the midst of carelessness, ignorance, sin, prejudice and unfairness he was a splendid example of Christian fidelity.

G. F. WEINLAND.

The REV. JOSEPH ROGERS, an honorably retired but still active Christian ' worker for Christ, is seen, with his faithful wife, at all important meetings of the Dakota Indian Presbytery. He wears the Presbyterian National Board's button for long service, which represents forty-two years of consecrated ministry.

Joseph Rogers is a man of vigorous character, REV. AND MRS. JOSEPH ROGERS, FOR 42 YEARS A and has exhibited qualities of leadership in a CHRISTIAN MINISTER marked degree. Fearless in expressing his opinions, he follows what he believes to be right lines Last sum~er he took a prominent part in the of conduct, regardless of opposition. He is a "sil- Y. M. C. A. Conference held at Pine Ridge and on ver-tongued orator" and can tell stories with won- this occasion the Dakotas honored Mr. and Mrs. derful effect. As an advocate of temperance he Rogers by congratulatory speeches and songs. has been unusually active, persuading his people Passing before them, the delegates dropped flowto take the pledge and urging them to faithfulness. ers in the laps of the pastor and his wife-a touch- ing tribute of affection and appreciation of their Although he uses little English, he has fre- long years of faithful service. They have a warm quently been called upon by white people to con- place in all hearts and wield an immense influduct funerals in their families in the sparsely set- ence for righteousness among the Dakota people. tled communities in Montana. At one time, when returning from Montana, the train was stalled The REV. JOSEPH EAGLE HAWK, as a Dakota and the passengers passed the time singing and boy, fled from the scene of the Custer Battle, telling stories. Finally Mr. Rogers was asked to give an Indian war-song; but he responded by producing his Testament and hymn book and by givthat most memorable and tragic encounter be- worthy and progressive citizen. Yet he has held tween Indians and white people. His band of to the best in Dakota national life, voicing stren- Dakotas took him to Canada and after some years uous protest against giving up the use of the Dahe returned to what is now Pine Ridge Reserva- kota language in the church services. He realized tion. that the Dakotas, like all other peoples, could wor- ship best through the medium of their mother Under missionary influence he became a Chris- tongue. tian, taking the name of Joseph; was a charter member of Makasan church and was elected elder. The confidence of his fellow tribesmen was Before this he cut off his long hair, a badge of evinced by the fact that nine times they selected heathenism. PARSON MNrANIC OF THE In the hostile camp of Sitting Bull's people he CAYUSE TRIBE helped the missionary, the Rev. A. F. Johnson, to create the nucleus of Makizita church in which him to go as lay commissioner to the General Assons of leaders on the warpath became officers. sembly. As deacon, elder, and lay missionary his influence has been widespread. On the National Later, an opening for missionary work present- Missions' Committees, of which for many years he ed itself in the camp of Chief Tasunkekokipapi was a member, and in all missionary projects for (Not-afraid-of-his-horses), and he and his good which money has been needed, he has always been wife, Agnes, were selected as native workers for a most persistent and persevering leader. The conthat important field. He helped the missionary to gregation of the fine brick church of Yankton construct a log church and manse. The salary Agency owes much to his untiring efforts in helpwas small and discouragements many but when ing to raise over $10,000 for the edifice. the chieftainship fell to him, he resisted the worldly temptation and said to Mr. Johnson, LOUISE A. JOHNSON. "Cinye (brother), I would rather work for Christ Missionary of the Board of National Missions Presbythan be chief." terian Church, U. S. A., at Mitchell, South Dakota.

Joseph's religion is part of his daily living. Sundays found him preaching in the log church, holding his audiences spell-bound by his graphic pictures of Bible events and the application to their lives. On week-days he successfully cared for his stock, his farm and his garden. His neat home is adorned with flowers. Always progressive, he helped his people raise money towards a new church by sacrificial gifts, sales of their handiwork, suppers and entertainments.

Joseph, kind and sympathetic, loves children. He was ordained in 1930. When he was selected by presbytery as the only pastor competent to minister to a congregation afflicted with serious divisions, his people were unanimous against his removal. "He has been a father to us," they said. "We love him and cannot get on without him. Do not take him from us."

A neat, frame church now standing beside the old log building is "A memorial to Joseph Eagle Hawk." To the leadership of noble men like Joseph, the Church can safely trust the future of her Indian youth.

PETER ST. PIERRE was a Sioux Indian of understanding.

Recently he was suddenly taken from us by an automobile accident, but his influence will go on, bearing fruit to the glory of God. His name stands for the trust of Dakotas seeking his counsel, and the confidence of white missionaries consulting him about their many difficult problems.

In many ways he has hastened advancement among his people and he proved himself a trust-

Ways of

'Tested' Methods for Increasing Interest at Home s. EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO SUMMER CATERING (2) The story of Betsy Ross' tributes; gave the One-thou- sandth Psalm (by Edward The skilled dietitian modifies flag. (3) The story of Old Everett Hale) and offered a her menus according to the sea- prayer of thanksgiving. Muson: likewise, missionary or- Glory. (4) Changes in the flag sical features were the singing ganizations which run their of "This is My Father's World," meetings through the out-of- –1795-1818. (5) When our "Trees" and "A Garden." doors period of the year will "Some Seeds Sown in Our do well to introduce more rel- state (local) was added to the Reading Books" proved to be ishes, "greens" and appetite- flag. (6) Home Missions the reviews of seven books on the whetters than usual in their highest patriotism. This last, required reading list, the high programs. A few suggestions which is the main theme, may lights only being given. The gathered from here and there well be based on the study closing prayer was for special may prove timely, book, "The C hall eng e of guidance during the summer Change." Intersperse with mu- months. Each person received Wherever possible, out-door sic and brighten with costume as a favor a tiny card bearing gatherings are recommended, if desired. on one side a painting of a not only for hygienic reasons basket of forget-me-nots and but also for added attraction An Out – of – Door Garden on the other a plea for prayer and effectiveness. Party is always attractive. for the program committee as From reliable sources, like THE it plans the work for the com- Devotionals for Summer REVIEW and your denomina- ing year. Services tional missionary magazines, collect a variety of informa- Either of the foregoing gar- Use Psalms of the Out-of- tion. Type a series of questions den suggestions may be used doors, Friendships of the Bible, to which the facts will be the indoors, at any season of the Mountains of the Bible, Christ answers, the facts themselves year, the enjoyment of a preby the Lake and by the Sea- being on separate cards or slips tended garden party in winter side, Down – to – date Fishing, of paper. Pin all the slips being second only to the real Trees and Flowers, or Birds around promiscuously on trees thing. and Animals of the Bible, Fol- and bushes. At a given signal, lowing Christ through the turn the company loose among NEW TECHNIQUE FOR Fields and the By-Paths, Great them, a missionary book or Days by the Sea, Parables of magazine subscription being PROGRAM-BUILDERS Nature, The Bible an Anchor the prize for the one who to the Storm-Tossed, Lessons secures the most correct an- When your committee meets on Growth. Citations for the swers within the time limits. to arrange the schedule for the foregoing are surely unneces- This may be worked out in year's work, whether it be sary to readers of THE REVIEW. teams of two. At a picnic, the among juniors or seniors, have development might be carried as many sheets of blank paper Seasonable Appetizers still further with an ensuing as you expect to have meetings. camp fire on the fagot plan, Put the dates for the meetings A simple patriotic luncheon, with one continuous story re- at the tops of the respective either as an indoor or a picnic layed or short ones told while sheets. Then talk things over, feature, is appropriate for a individual fagots are burning. letting each person fill in her summer meeting, especially in sheet with the data decided July. But be sure to give it a At the Peddie Memorial upon, such as places of meetmissionary focus. Decorations, Church, Newark, New Jersey, ing, hostesses, leaders, big music and menus easily suggest a program was given in the events and celebrations, feathemselves. Topics for toasts garden of one of the members. tures you have decided upon or program talks (material The chairman was introduced stressing in the year's work, easily obtainable in any public as the Head Gardener and she etc. Discrepancies, clashes in library): (1) When is Flag directed the ensuing features.' dates, faulty distribution of Day and how did it originate? She read a song of praise call- ing upon "fruitful trees and all cedars" to render their [439 ]

features, failures to conserve ings don't just happen. They and the like. The Christian the values of calendar events are the logical outgrowth of Church over against this sets (such as February for patri- much prayer, pains and plan- the spirit of Christ. Upon the otic programs), lack of coop- ning. shoulders of the minister rests eration in the plans of the the responsibility for arousing pastor for the whole church, FOR A MISSIONARY-MINDED etc., are more likely to show PASTOR his people to understand and up in the hands of the several to' oppose secularism. If they committee members than if one By ROBERT LEONARD TUCKER, person were writing the sched- Ph.D. cannot be made to see this isule. And the plan also dis- sue no amount of aesthetics tributes responsibility. The Pastor of Indianola Methodist or prestige will save the secretary may organize the Church, Columbus, Ohio church. If the minister can make his people understand whole and prepare it for the A college professor received what this secularism is about, printer later. a copy of the first publication then nothing can persuade which a former student of them against a hearty support A fundamental point in all near-ordinary a b i lit y had of missions. They will plainly such planning should be to de- mailed to him. With a fine invelop the resources of your or- sight into life he acknowledged see that secularism is worldganization by getting as many the gift and said: "The older wide. The first privilege of a people on the program as pos- I grow the more I marvel at minister is to say to his people: the ability of some seed well "What shall it profit Smithsible within the time limits. A sown to burst forth and even- ville if it save every last inone-woman or girl society,' with tually to bear much fruit." The habitant from the blight of sec- missionary enterprise in the ularism and lose the whole of one brain weaving all the plans Christian Church suffers today the Church with its three hunand managing several gifted because certain germinal ideas dred millions?" Strange to say members to carry them out are not being planted in the there are brains enough in may make for brilliant pro- soil of the human mind and grams but eventuates in a par- nurtured so as to bear fruit. Smithville to understand what asitic organization with train- Indeed the missionary enter- this means if the minister will ing for leadership sacrificed on prise is not something set apart only take time to state the isthe altar of that one woman's from the rest of the program efficiency. Distribute responsi- of the Christian life. It is a nor- sue. mal expression of the very bility for the music, the decora- genius and spirit of the The idea of democracy is tions, the news items, the post- Church. riding heavy seas these days. ers, the invitations, the refresh- The forces which prevent the Fascism is against democracy. ments, even at the risk of pastor from projec~ing an ef- In Japan such life as there was lowered efficiency "in the short fective missionary program in in the body of democracy is run." Needless to say, natural his church are the identical being ruthlessly squeezed out endowments must be considered forces which would prevent his by .a group of militarists who in such a regime. The main projecting any church at all, if talks or addresses should be they had their sway. "Secu- at present will brook no interassigned to those able to make larism"-so the Jerusalem Con- ference. In China a neck-andthem effective. It may prove to ference felt-is the arch enemy neck race is taking place bebe constitutional to some very of the Christian religion today. tween democracy and commuefficient workers in other lines It is one of the supreme foes nism. Democracy has lost in to turn a rose garden into a of the missionary program. It Russia. It now begins to look miniature Sahara, if asked to expresses itself in politics by as if it might lose in China; present the program topics. setting a ranting sort of na- and if it is lost it will not be But every person with average tionalism over a g a ins t a regained in a century. Democ- thoughtful type of international racy, as expressing itself sense has some line of service cooperation. In economics it through race consciousness, is to which she may most profit- expresses itself in the lust for very restless in Africa, in India ably be assigned. Suggestions power and greed so characterfor observance of special oc- istic of our present order. In and other parts of the world. casions and presentation of out- science it is revealed in the In a peculiar sense, Jesus was standing features will be given provincial-mindedness w hie h the world's greatest democrat. in this department in ensuing declares that is most real which Only as men can be made to issues. But get busy with your can be seen with the eyes and see in Him some .spiritualized preliminary and general plans handled with the hands. In relong before the time for ac- ligion it is revealed mostly form of democracy and brothtivating them; and keep eyes through negatives that deftly erhood is there any hope for eliminate God, love, altruism the future. His convictions of and ears open all summer for brotherhood have been found suggestions as to the ways in valid. But if democracy is re- jected by the world outside of which others are making your the United States, none could line more efficient. Good meet- be so vain as to believe it would survive in this land of

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

ours. Let this issue be plainly this germinal idea will bear in our own era-when a church stated by the pastor and the fruit. It will require courage actually. believes this, the day time will come when his con- to discuss plainly the crass gregation will see that mis- greed characteristic of so much for missions has dawned in sions are essential in Anglo- American business which has that church. Saxon life to preserve its civi- been taken to the Orient. The lization from retrogression. One social Gospel is not popular Thus the missionary spirit cannot have democracy go with the rank and file of the does not depend on any single down in the Orient and have Church. But if the minister activity in any church. Nor it thrive in the Occident. Let does not cooperate with the should it be made to rest upon the minister make it clear that missionary to bring sanity to a lot of clever enterprises, dethe support of missions is es- the world, the hour will strike vices and schemes to arouse a sential for the perpetuation of when "chickens come home to flagging interest. For years such spiritual values as reside roost." in democracy, and the money these stunts have been experifor missions will be forthcom- One Lone Sermon mented with in the local church· in the face of a declining mising. The missionary program de- sionary interest. They have in- pends upon making the knowl- terested participants for the At first sight there might edge of the world situation time being, after which they prevalent throughout a church. have gone their way. To be seem to be no relationship be- One lone missionary sermon tween missions and a Christian each 'year will not serve. For a interested in a thing does not social order. But these issues pastor to understand the needs mean that one is convinced that of the Kingdom in his own the situation is desperate and stand or fall together. If wom- church or in his own denomina- that Christ is utterly necessary. en and girls work in a Chinese tion is not enough. The ac- But when the facts are borne hair net factory for a mere quaintance of the Christian should be as wide as the in- home week after week, when pittance, hair nets will be sold terests of the human race. Upon the Gospel is declared and disso cheaply that western maid- seeing the needs of the world cussed in terms as wide and ens cannot compete with them. it will gradually become clear deep as the cataclysmal hap- If the tariff wall be raised so that the old racial religions penings of this century, then as to keep such hair nets out simply cannot meet the deof the country all sorts of bit- demands of the hour. The pre- the very need of people and terness will result. Tariff set- sentiment that these faiths can- the capacity of Christ to meet tles nothing permanently. I do not. help China, India, Africa these needs will persuade or others will ripen into a con- thoughtful Christians of the not see how in America we can viction. The statement that moral imperative for them to hope to conduct commerce and people in non-Christian lands industry upon a reasonably re- are getting along pretty well share Christ. They will see as will be seen to be untrue. The an inevitable truth that one warding basis for fair wages conviction will grow that "no- who does not share Christ when in other parts of the body at any time or in any loses, and that if one does world social injustices are the place can ever get along com- share Christ, enthusiastic and order of the day. We cannot fortably without Jesus Christ." sacrificial giving to missions is escape the African and Chinese inevitable. diseases that result from pov- Now when, through sermons erty and ignorance when inter- from week to week, through a Well am I acquainted with communication is so intimate. carefully supervised curriculum the fact that there is little If the industrial mind estab- in the church school, through glory and much discipline in the mid-week devotional serv- any church when its parson lishes business in South Africa ice, through the discussions or Shanghai rather than in which take place in organized sets out to try to persuade his adult classes, the facts are people to rethink the Gospel New York or St. Louis because known, it will dawn upon the in terms that are world-wideit can be conducted more minds of people in local to make men see that the world .cheaply in the former, one can- churches that so great are the is utterly lost without a Christ needs that nobody except Jesus who can be shared with those not see how the citizen of Christ can meet them. When America is benefited. Yet the any church can thus be made in need. But this vision must missionary i~ the only vehicle to see that Christ is inescap"' mark the renaissance of a miswhich the Christians of the able, that without him we drift sionary spirit which is abiding western world have to convey into chaos· and that with him the tidings of a just social new life may actually begin and will never flag. The method order to the eastern world. is slow but it is sure. It obliges Surely the present world-wide this provincial – mindedness depression must impress the which afflicts American Chris- tianity to flee away. In its dullest mind that we all sink or stead it plants the mind of rise together. Let the pastor master the details and present Christ. Without him we can do this fact to his people and, as nothing. With him-and this the weeks pass, the sowing of must be an actual conviction- we "can do all things."

OUR HOME MISSION STUDY An Indian Peace Pow-Wow brave rises unannounced and TOPIC Invitations, given out on breaks into suitable music. Sunday previous to the meet- Close the program with earnest While it may be aesthetically ing : Yellow cardboard paddles prayer that all God's childrenattractive to build programs on which is inscribed, "Paddle white and red-shall unite to featuring tribal dances and your own canoe to the pow- bring peace upon earth and coother primitive, non-Christian wow at (place, date and hour). operative action to extend His customs, it is of doubtful Bring present for papoose" (if Kingdom among those of all spiritual value to stress such a shower for some missionary races. points of differentiation in an object is desired). era when our aim is to develop VISUALIZING WOMAN'S C h r i s t ian cooperation and Luncheon (optional): Serve unity of spiritual purpose. As on tables covered with brown WORK a recent writer says: paper or imitation of birch bark, the decorations being An attractive and instructive Our missionary task among the In- small tepees, lakes and deer. tea was given by the auxiliary dians is preeminently spiritual, to Food served in wooden butter of the Clark Street Methodist bring every Indian in those fields for boats. The menu may consist Episcopal Church in Toledo rewhich we have accepted responsibility of buffalo meat (beef cut in cently. The reception room into allegiance with our Lord and cubes, with gravy), baked represented the office of the Savior for worship and service in squash, corn bread or parched Woman's Home Missionary So- His Kingdom, that with Christians of corn, fruit. ciety,' with typewriters and other races they may interpret and other equipment. Here the accept the full meaning of his Lord- ship in their lives. The latest devel- Program: Repairing to the hostess, assisted by the comopment in work among the Indians is assembly room, the guests are mittee, received the guests and the effort to secure full cooperation seated in chairs arranged in explained the purposes and among all the agencies working semi-circles facing a tepee con- aims of the Society.

among the Indians-health, educa- tion, industrial, agricultural and re- structed of poles and blan- Next the guests were ushered ligious-to minister to the total need kets; in front a camp fire made into a room where they were with a red electric bulb placed instructed in the work of the of the Indian. The younger genera- under a pile of twigs or fagots. training school for missionaries and deaconesses. Pictures of tion is being educated, some in the In each chair has been laid a the school and outlines of the government boarding schools and brown paper canoe (cut in same were given. A working some in local day schools. The gov- canoe-outline and pen-sketched) deaconess and a graduate of opening like a book, with eight ernment theory of education is that as far as possible they should receive their education in company with white people.

The best Indian music fur- white canoe-shaped pages in- the school helped make this nishes desirable atmosphere side . containing the program. phase more interesting. and may well serve as background material. In addition to This serves as a charming The next room was devoted familiar songs arranged by souvenir of the meeting. Then to the schools and homes of to soft Indian music all pro- the Society, and was ably pregood composers, * "The Ameri- gram participants enter and sented by a former teacher of one of the Negro schools. can Indians and Their Music," seat themselves Indian-fashion by Frances Densmore (price about the camp fire. (Camp Following this came the hos- $2.50 in cloth) will be found fire girls' costumes are obtain- pital and nursery departments excellent. "Women of Trail and which were demonstrated by Wigwam," by Flora W. Sey- able in most communities, or, two trained nurses in uniform, mour ($1.00 in paper), affords lacking these, the garments who explained the work while valuable program material. may be easily fashioned from ministering to their charges. brown cloth beaded or fringed The flexible framework for The handwork of students an Indian program among as desired.) The devotionals from one of the schools was young people or in women's so- may be on "The Indian Gold- next examined, and it deserved cieties is furnished by one of en Rule"-Matt. 6 :12-with great praise, especially as peoour contributors. If used by the solemn question, "Have we ple of foreign birth had partici- done unto the Indians as we would have them do unto us?" the former, it would lend itself Then should follow a series of pated in the exhibit.

readily to a presentation of the brief, pointed talks by an op- A prettily appointed tea study book, "Indian Ameri- tional number of Indian im- table was presided over by a cans," by Winifred Hulbert. personators who pass an in- group of hostesses in still an- This book being an expression cense-filled peace pipe from one other room, and here an inof the thought and aspirations to another as in an actual pow- formal reception completed a of the young Indians of many wow, using the subject matter delightful afternoon. Thus the tribes. The title might well be: of whatever study book is phases of work carried on by • Send to your denominational literature under consideration. From time the Society were presented in headquarters for either of the above volumes. to time, an Indian maiden or a practical manner.

Through Eye-Gate 6. "Change course" when traveling And here is a Presbyterian if by so doing you can help to carry a device: The Secretary of Lit- The poster for the meeting burden too heavy for another. (Gal. erature in a local woman's so- (first used in the vestibule as 6:2.) ciety selected five women each an advertisement, then placed of whom prepared herself to at the front near the leader's 7. "Stop! Look! Listen!" Stop give some item or tell some desk during the opening serv- while there is yet time. Look care- story from the magazine to be ice) may well be a large rail- fully at your road map. Keep it al- presented. None but those in road crossing sign inscribed: ways by you. Listen to your con- the secret had been informed "Stop! Look! Listen!" Have science. Ask God to guide and guard what the program was to be, four lesser signs like those used you. (Ps. 25 :4.) the secretary merely asking if as guide posts, holding up the anyone present had a letter to appropriate one at each of the SECURING MAGAZINE read or a story to tell, whereitalicized phrases given below. upon, one after another, the These may be cut from card- SUBSCRIPTIONS women previously primed rose board and mounted on a and gave their subject matter. slender standard with supports Since the presentation of After each item, the secretary of its own, or be held in the "Madame Missionary Review," asked, "Where did you read leader's hand. But they will be in the April number of THE that, if I may ask?" the replies more impressive if lined up on REVIEW, we have received sev- all being in terms of the pubtable or platform as used. eral other excellent plans for lication majored. adding to the list of regular The theme for the devotional readers. These are well worth AN OLD INDIAN WOMAN talk is "The Bible," whose activating. The best thing you presence in the leader's hand can do to accelerate the mis- By LOUISE A. JOHNSON, Mitchell, So. is its own illustration as she sionary pace of your church is Dakota, Missionary to the Indians. speaks somewhat as follows: to get good monthly publica- tions. Your own denomination- Daughter, she, of chieftains proud; The Bible is the road map' whose al magazines need to be supple- Wooed by all with praises loud directions all travelers would do well mented with one furnishing the For her beauty and her grace. to heed. Weare promised safety and unlimited world view. In this Princess, she, of noble face, security if we follow its sign posts THE REVIEW is unique. Many braves her favor sought, along the way-if we stop, look and But her hand could not be bought. listen where danger lies in wait for The following Methodist device It, to him, should given be, us or where a clear view is difficult. is well recommended: A dinner Who showed most of bravery. Careful instructions mark the way to was served. All guests who the Father's house so that even were already subscribers to the One there was, a warrior tall through dark places one may expect magazine being promoted had Whom she loved the best of all. to arrive safely. Seven points of tiny keys pinned on them as Wooed he her with silent glance, caution should be given careful con- they entered the door. This Oft they met, as if by chance. sideration. was to awaken the curiosity of In the dance his stealthy tread others. At the close of the All the other dancers led. 1. "Slow down" upon approacking dinner a special song composed On the hunt for buffalo an important decision. Lift your for the occasion was rendered; He was always first to go. heart to the Father for the light that then the leader arose and hold- Or, when war-cries echoed shrill, never faileth. (Here read John ing up a key explained that He was foremost o'er the hill. 16 :13.) the magazine was a key to both interest and information. Sev- But the years have sped away 2. "Slow down" when we meet eral persons dressed in the Leaving her old and bent and grey. thQse of less Christian experience costumes of the countries con- Now the road with iron rail than we have had. We do not know cerned appeared and told in an Where was once the blood-stained whether they have been taught to interesting way the main drive well or steer their lives into points of articles in a recent trail. safe roadways in an emergency. (1 number of the publication deal- And the country all is changed Cor. 8:11.) ing with those countries. Next, White men's homes where Sioux once two persons displayed a copy 3. "Slow down" when approaching of the magazine with its pages ranged! parked lives which seem to have been pasted together end to end, to Now her children's children go stranded. Perhaps God led you that show how much the subscriber To be taught by the white foe. way on purpose to give you an oppor- got for his money. Representa- To the white man's God they praytunity for service. (Dan. 12:3.) tives of the magazine dressed She has never learned the way. in crepe paper costumes lib- She must potter round and work, 4. Come to a standstill ("Stop" erally decorated with pages of Doing what the others shirk; sign) when drawing near pedes- its contents took subscriptions trians, especially little children or from the audience, pinning on Bring the wood, and water haul, aged t1·a1!elers. Do not seek the each new subscriber a symbol- (Clad in faded gown and shawl,) right of way if it would injure or ical key from a pile ready to Make the fires, stir the soup. cripple anyone in his spiritual life. hand on the table. Others rest, but she must stoop (Roms. 15:1.) O'er the kettle, keep it hot, Eat the dregs left in the pot. 5. "Look out" for the unexpected entrance of temptation into your life. In a corner she may lie Some person, hurrying recklessly Crooning of the life gone by. along life's highway may scatter ob- Late I saw her on the road stacles that will surely wreck a trav- Bending neath a heavy load. eler who is not on his guard. (James Just a woman, old and grey, 1 :12.) Trudging, lonely, on her way.

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BULLETIN OF The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK RESEARCH IN AN INDIAN Of more general interest know the Dakota language but should be the human side of who know phonetics. LANGUAGE my work. It was first neces- sary to get an abundance of My people have excellent By ELLA CARA DELORIA text out of which enough ex- memories. They speak a sen- amples could be assembled to tence and then smoke quietly Miss Deloria is the daughter of a establish each grammatical while I type it; then they will tribal chief who became an Episcop.al rule. So I spent three winters pick up the thought where they clergyman in charge of work on a on the reservation, recording left off with the correct transi- large reservation for forty years. phonetically everything I heard tional word or idiom. I have She has a degree from Columbia -myth or true story, discus- yet to hear an informant say, University, was on the staff of the sion or joke or song. Because "Let me see, what was I say- National Board of the Y. W. C. A. I am r~lated to everyone in the ing last?" for three years, taught at Haskell In- stitute, and for four years has been ELLA CARA DELORIA IN INDIAN DRESS Occasionally something en- working partly under the Department tirely new has to be explained of Anthropology of Columbia Univer- tribe, through the Dakota sys- to me. In the main, though, I sity and partly under the Research tem of social kinships, informa-:- know at least something about Council in American Languages. tion was readily given. every subject that comes up. When, as a child, I lived at the Under the able direction of I always record on a type- Standing Rock Episcopal Mis- Dr. Franz Boas, head of An- writer, taking down each sen- sion where my father was thropology in Columbia Uni- tence as it is spoken, later add- priest in charge for many versity, I am doing research ing with a pen the accents and years, I spent all my waking in the Teton-Dakota language, numerous other marks neces- hours in the camp where the which I have used concurrently sary to give phonetic values to people came together for the with English all my life. the consonants. This is for the week-end to draw their govern- benefit of students who do not ment rations on Friday, visit Because it represents my with their mission school chilcare-free, play age, Dakota has dren on Saturday, and attend ever held my affection. Now services on Sunday. Happy that I am discovering daily days for grownups and chilsome definite underlying rule dren alike! I ran races and which governs its grammar, so climbed trees or played a Daneatly that we observe it re- kota dramatic game, "Why did ligiously in our speech while you kill my dog?" with as ignorant of its existence, I am much vim as the other children. coming to admire and respect But I used to leave any game Dakota as well. And to be to listen when the men sat amazed by it! To think that down on the grass to smoke this homely and natural tongue, and tell tales of war and the to which I used to turn for hunt. I joined anybody's campcomfort whenever Latin sub- fire to hear some grandmother junctives or English "shalls" relate .the tribal myths that and "wills" got too perplexing, could be told "only after sunhad its share of rules too! Un- down." I did not know then written, to be sure, yet func- why those stories always attioning in the speech of an un- tracted me, but I think now lettered people all of whom, that it was so that I could rediscounting children and indi- cord them for anthropology viduals of mental abnormality, and study their grammar later. speak grammatically correct, unconscious of why. A paper, My friends sometimes ask, pointing out newly-found rules "Why record a language that is of which Dr. Boas and I are dying out so rapidly? Now all the authors, will shortly appear in the International Journ,al of American Linguistics.

[444 ]

BULLETIN OF COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSION

Indians are learning English." JULIA GIVEN HUNT their circle and there they My answer lies in their question, "Because it is dying out By HARRIET ROGERS KING knelt down and prayed that so rapidly." If we are to know anything about pre-historic Here is sketched the victorious life God might put an end to this America, we can only do it story of Julia Given Hunt, a Kiowa through those things that sur- Indian. Mrs. King is well fitted to evil. The young men. who unvive-ruins, mounds, arrow- tell the tale as she herself has lived heads, bits of pottery, yes, and and worked among the Kiowas for derstood English were ashamed bits of language; it is the only several years as the wife of the minway to enter into the thinking, ister at Rainy Mountain Baptist and one by one crept from the ideals, customs and beliefs of Church. the people closest to that dark tent. So the prayers of these age. At the death of their father, Satanka, Chief of the Kiowa, women did much to drive Dakota, commonly called the Buckskin, the warrior's son Sioux language, is an impor- and a little daughter, Odeleta- gambling out of the tribe. The tant member of the language di or "Spliced Hair," were stock known as Siouan. Al- adopted by a young govern- old Ghost Dance, too, was though a Dakotan cannot under- ment physician and given the stand the speech of one of the names of Joshua and Julia. largely given up through the cognate language tribes, mor- Later Joshua was sent to the phologically the languages are school in Carlisle, Pennsyl- untiring efforts of the two closely related. A complete an- vania, while Julia stayed in the alysis of Dakota would furnish home of her aunt, Mrs. Stumb- white women, with Julia Given valuable comparative data to a ling Bear. But Joshua remem- at their side. . student undertaking research bered his sister and soon sent into any of the others. Some for her that she might be sur- It was not all smooth sailing, of these cognates are spoken rounded by the fine educational however, for the Kiowas were by such tribes as the Omaha, and cultural advantages of the intensely suspicious of Julia, Winnebago, Oto, Kaw and the East. Julia became so expert believing that she was in league Biloxi in Mississippi, and the at cooking, sewing, washing, with the government in an at- Crow. They too are Sioux, and ironing and other household tempt to bring about the allotto think how we used to fight arts that she went by request ment of land, up to this time them! In those days, and in to aNew Jersey home where held as one large reservation. ignorance, did we kill our she soon forgot all the old In- Yet Julia never wavered. Her brothers or at least our cousins dian ways and lived as a white days were made beautiful by -and they killed us. girl, surrounded by beauty and con tin u e d service as she culture. She wore next to her traveled on horseback from I cannot close without paying heart a little silver cross which camp to camp, teaching the Ina tribute to those faithful mis- showed that the daughter of a sionaries, Riggs and William- chief was now a daughter of dian women how to make real son of the American Board, the King as well. homes, interpreting to the Kioand Dorsey, Cleveland and was not only the words of the Ashley of the E pis cop a I In 1893 Julia came back to missionaries but .their thoughts Church, scholars as well as the great plains of Oklahoma as well, teaching the white messengers of Christ, who took and, with two earnest missionthe time to make the first rec- aries of the Woman's Ameri- women words of the Kiowa ords in dictionary, texts, and can Baptist Home Mission So- language, and helping to transtranslations of the Bible, and ciety, lived in a little house the Book of Common Prayer. near the Big Tree Crossing. late a part of the New Testa- The results of their labor, un- The missionaries had· neither ment into the Indian tongue. dertaken in a day when the wagons nor harness and rode Best of all she lived Christ so language was undoubtedly in a horseback from camp to camp, consistently that she herself purer and richer state, provide telling the story of Jesus. Care- was the best interpretation to source materials of value for fully and patiently Julia began her fellow Indians of what it any study we make today. translating many Scripture means for the daughter of a verses into Kiowa so that the warrior chief to become the .,. .,. .,. Indians might "hide them in daughter of the Saviour King; their hearts." She put into their AN ALASKAN INDIAN RULE own tongue also the hymn Julia Given inspired many to "Come to Jesus," and how their Luxuries for none until there faces shone as they sang it. turn from the old path of sin are necessities for .all. The K i 0 was were great to join the pilgrims on the gamblers at this time, and the missionaries did not hesitate to Jesus Road. Among those who walk boldly into the midst of left the old way was a young Kiowa Indian named George Hunt, a bright, enterprising young man with a good educa- tion, who loved this young woman with the Christ love in her heart. And so Julia Given changed her name once more and became Julia Hunt. Into the new home she carried the strength, love and beauty which had characterized her work as Christian Interpreter. Theirs was one of the happiest of Ki- owa homes, a shining picture

for the many Indians who church, the little girl receiving from some old student telling visited it on business when the the name of Margaret. After about his success or failure and husband was engaged as Indi- a while, she fell in love with asking for advice and en- an farmer for the Government. the son of the first ordained couragement.

Many changes came to the minister among the Dakota Their children all went to tribe and to the little church of people. His father was named our mission school at Santee. which Julia was a faithful Ehnamani, which means Walks The eldest son, George, went on member so many years. From Amongst, for he was a tall man to Hampton, Virginia, which in a small group this church grew who walked among his people to a membership of two hun- like a chief. The young man re- those days took Indian as well dred and thirty-eight. Mrs. ceived the name of Francis and as Negro students. He decided Hunt was the leading spirit of the family name of Frazier, that he wanted to become useful the Woman's Missionary So- from the white blood in his to his own people so he went on ciety, and took charge of the veins. Francis and Margaret little folk in the Sunday School. were married about 1870. to a medical school in Denver, Her mother heart and winning Francis had learned the mill- Colorado. After graduation, he tact made her loved by these er's trade and for some fifteen did not go right into the Indian many little Kiowas as she was years the government employed Service because he was afraid loved also by their fathers and him in the old mill on the San- that some people might say that mothers. She always stood tee Reservation in Nebraska. solidly for the things that he was all right as an Indian meant progress for her people, Though he was a man of doctor, but-. So he established ever opposing what held them little education, Francis decided himself in a white community, back. that he wanted to follow in the and in competition with a white footsteps of his father and be- doctor he succeeded in securing By no means the least im- come a minister. Francis at- the larger part of the business. portant results of her strong tended school only two winters. Christian life are the son and There are really only two re- After he had proved his compedaughter who beat testimony quirements for leadership. You tence, he entered the Indian today to the strength and must be ahead of the people Service and for many years has wisdom of their mother's love. whom you lead and must still been a physician to his own Ernest is active in Sunday be in touch with them. Francis people. school and Baptist Young Peo- Frazier and his wife fulfilled ple's Union. Iolata has just these requirements, so the mis- Next was a daughter who had completed the last year of her sionaries sent them to Ponca a very fine voice, and with the college work at Keuka College. Creek on the eastern part of Caroline, a granddaughter, is ~he Rosebud Reservation to an help of the missionaries she at- tended the New England Conat Bacone. servatory of Music. Unfortu- nately, that disease, which has taken so many promising Indi- an boys and girls, became fatal and she died of tuberculosis Indian settlement, which had and was buried in the East. hardly been touched by Chris- The f rag ran c e of Julia tianity. Here the two worked Alice, the next daughter, for over fifteen years and when went from Santee to North- Hunt's life, made beautiful they left, there was hardly a field Seminary. After graduawith the Christ love which tion, she came back home and permeated it, rises today like sweet incense in many Kiowa family in the community which married. had not joined the Christian The last of the family is hearts. Church. After a year on a Philip. From Santee he went homestead, Mr. and Mrs. on to Yankton Academy and MARGARET FRAZIER AND Frazier went to our mission Mount Hermon, then entered HER FAMILY school at Santee, Nebraska, Dartmouth College, which was By RUDOLPH HERTZ where Mr. Frazier became pas- founded in prerevolution days tor of the Pilgrim Congrega- for the education of Indian Below the present site of tional Church. I have known youth. Towards the end of his Minneapolis and St. Paul, the many college and university freshman year the war broke Mississippi River widens to pastors but I doubt whether out and he enlisted as a volunform a long narrow lake called any has had closer relations teer. After a year in France, Lake Pepin. Some eighty years with pupils than Mr. Frazier. he came home and I first saw ago an Indian baby girl was From 1920 on Mr. and Mrs. him at a mission meeting in born on the shores of this lake. Frazier lived with me in my Santee, Nebraska, in the fall The father left the mother soon home at Eagle Butte, South of 1919. This was a discussion afterwards. When the little Dakota, where ¥r. Frazier be- meeting, and we had given to girl was in her teens, she and came my aSSOCIate and Mrs. Philip the question, "What her mother first came under Frazier kept house for us. good did I get out of the war?" the influence of Christian mis- Hardly a day passed that Mr. He said: "There is one thing sions and both joined the Frazier did not receive a letter I got out of the war. It was

BULLETIN OF COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS

the first time I was taken for preparatory school at Elizabeth, until illness forced her to be- come inactive, she gave her exactly what I am; nothing New Jersey. Next she was time and strength to the Omaha Indians as medical miswas added to me, and nothing graduated from Hampton and sionary among them. Dr. Picotte was one of the organwas subtracted from me, be- entered the Philadelphia Wom- izers of the Presbyterian Church cause I am an Indian." Philip an's Medical College, graduat- at Walthill. went back to college, graduated ing two years later at the age from Oberlin and Chicago Sem- In later years she confined inary and is now a fully of twenty-two, with first hon- her medical activity to the trained and successful mission- ors in a class of one hundred. Presbyterian Hospital under ary to his own people in Okla- the Board of Home Missions at Following a year of hospital WalthiIl. This is indeed a mehoma. This summer he will experience, she was appointed morial to her unceasing labors, succeed me as superintendent Government physician among and located and equipped as she of our thirty Congregational the Omaha Indians. This serv- had planned, is the realization churches among the Dakota In- ice involved long trips over the of one of her dreams for her dians. reservation and four years of people.

And who was back of all the roughest life of exposure Her identification with the and hardship as she ministered religious life of the Omahas this desire for education and night and day to the needs of was ever foremost. Eight miles service? To some extent, of her people, when she was com- from Walthill she went over course, it was native in the pelled to resign, because of ill rough roads every Sunday to children, to some extent the health, she removed to Ban- the Presbyterian church at the father encouraged them, but croft, built up a large private agency to conduct services for the one who above all inspired the Indians and to speak to them was Margaret Frazier, practice and gave her services them in their own language. the one who was willing to to two races. Not only was she sacrifice everything in order sought by Indian patients, but For the last twenty years of that her children might ad- by white people who admired her life, which ended in 1915 when she was but forty-six vance. She had never been in her proficiency. years of age, she suffered from an incurable malady, never school. She had to make a In 1894 she married Henry being free from pain. In spite thumb mark on the back of a of physical limitations and tribcheck to endorse it, but she Picotte, a French Sioux Indian, al prejudice against the leaderknew her Bible, and through ship of a woman, for the last intending to live the quiet life fifteen years she was recogintimate communion with God, nized as the most influential she had learned some of God's of a homemaker but she could person among the Omahas. plans for her childre~. Mrs. not long withstand the needs Always indifferent to praise, Frazier had a keen mmd, and of her people and soon resumed she said before her death in used it not only in every-day her practice, gradually assum- answer to words of commenda- ing a spiritual leadership as tion, "I cannot see how any conversation, but to think out well. In addition to her prac- credit is due me. I am only the deeper things of life and tice she nursed her aged moth- thankful that I have been called especially to prepare her chil- er; reared two boys, train- and permitted to serve. I feel ing them and equipping them blessed for that privilege bedren for the greatest useful- yond all measure." for life's duties; cared for a ness. sick husband; conducted serv- -Adapted from Home Mission Monthly. ices in the little mission THE FIRST INDIAN WOMAN church; did active temperance NOTICE PHYSICIAN work; kept up her social ac- Through an error the dates and name of the chairman of the'cSouth- Susan La Flesche Picotte tivities, and never lost close ern California School of ~sion8 spent her early childhood o~ an personal touch with all the af- were omitted from the list wnfeh apunsettled Indian reservatIOn; fairs of her people. She at one peared in the June Bulletin. This her home was a tepee. In an time led a delegation of her School of Missions will be held in unusually brief time she tribesmen to Washington. This Los Angeles, September 26-30. Mrs. evolved from primitive life to· proved to be the most impor- W. S. Dysinger, 1419 Sixth Avenue, highest civilization, and today Los Angeles, California, is the Chairstands out as a unique figure tant and successful mission man. in the annals of the North ever undertaken by her tribe American Indian. Her rapid for through the protest preadvance educationally was due to her keen mind and unlimit- sented to government authoried courage. After elementary ties the sale of liquor in towns education at a mission school on the Omaha and Winnebago reservations was forever pro- hibited in the title conveyanc~s.

and a government school, she After her husband's death in was brought East in 1879, at 1905, she built an attractive the age of thirteen years, and home for herself and her two placed for three years in a boys, Caryl and Pierre, and

r OUf W orld,wide Outlook ""'

A Missionary Newspaper of Current Events ~=I~~~~~~~~~~~~~I'~ NORTH AMERICA starved. Sanitary conditions Among the Cherokees Indians at the Coolidge Dam became so bad that disease In eastern Oklahoma live wiped out a large part of the The American Indian today tribe until less than 5,000 re- some 35,000 Cherokee Indians, main today. the majority of whom are pracis not a savage hunter of wild tically untouched by any earnbeasts and always ready to Meanwhile, the Christian spirit also penetrated the desert est or effective effort to bring scalp an enemy. The ancient in the person of the mission- them the Gospel. The Baptists ruins of Casa Grande, a few aries, led by Dr. Charles H. and Presbyterians reach a part miles from the Pima reserva- Cook, who was succeeded by of these with more or less regution, in Arizona, produce evi- Dr. Lay. Year after year they lar services, and our Gospel dence that 700 years ago the Missionary Union has one misancestors of the present Pimas pointed out to the government sionary who makes monthly had a great four-story apart- how this quiet, peace-loving, inment house, which accommo- dustrious group of native visits for preaching services dated 18 families. It was built through a circuit of four commainly to be a watch tower Americans had been robbed of munities, while in each a strugfrom which those on guard their chance of livelihood by could look far across the fields, the inconsiderate white man. gling Sunday school holds forth then cultivated by irrigation, a faintly glimmering light from see any approaching enemy, and Finally the Coolidge Dam week to week. We learned of call in the workers in the field one school for the Cherokees to defend their homes. Cloth was built and was dedicated on known as Dwight Mission, made from cotton, and grains March 4, 1930. Already some carried on by the Presbyterians, of parched corn found in the 4,000 acres are under water, some twenty miles to the south ruins, indicate that corn and but the Indian reservation con- of our station, and were incotton were raised 1800 years tains about 50,000 acres and formed it is the oldest mission ago in the Gila valley. As early over this vast area all sorts in the United States, founded of machines are working daily about 1825. to reclaim the desert and make it into a fertile valley. As to my own work among as 1694 the Pima Indians had -Presbyterian Advance. the Cherokees, we found op- a great irrigation system, by means of which the waters of New Style of Indian Council portunity for witnessing in the Gila River were diverted The reservation Indians send three directions, Sunday school, into canals and ditches and delegates twice a year to the school, and home. Sometimes used to produce great crops of Indian Council in Riverside, from five to eight girls and farm products. At the time of California. Fourteen years ago from ten to fifteen young men the Civil War these Indians Jonathan Tebbett, a Christian, attend the Sunday school. The had thousands of tons of wheat built a huge red brick open-air public school was opened to us stored which the government fireplace and chimney on his for teaching the Bible to the bought to feed the Federal grounds. The chimney bears a children two half hours each armies. huge cross. In front of it he week. Here we taught one verse But the white man invaded planted a large ring of eu- of Scripture each week, the the lands of the Pimas. He di- calyptus trees, now grown tall. teachers lending most helpful verted the waters of the Gila Behind it he built board dormi- cooperation by drilling the chil- River nearer their source until, tories and open-air cooking dren in memory work of the except in times of flood, there places. The dormitories he made verses, and also the hymns and was practically no water. Year available to American Indian Gospel choruses taught. after year the patient Pima delegates without charge. The major part of our serv- planted his seed, as his ances- Here was an old Indian, 99 ice was given to visitation work tors had planted before him, years of age, who spoke in the homes. This little comand then hoped for water. But through an interpreter. He or- munity center of Lyons has year after year he was disap- ganized the Indian Federation, neither post office nor station pointed. So the Pimas ceased which one day a year during (though trains do stop on sigto raise the needed crops. They one of its two all-week councils, nal) for Lyons consists of four became day laborers. They cut allows white" visitors to listen homes and two stores. The the mesquite of the desert and in. He died in 1930 but Mrs. people are very poor, though, and in visitation work we dissold the wood. They almost Tebbett carries on.

[448 ] covered that many were still members in 17,771 organiza- Dr. Joseph A. Vance of Detroit, out of school because of lack of tions in the United States. In- include: race prejudice, nashoes and clothes or school digenous organizations on mis- tional jealousies and rivalries, sion fields number 468, with unequal distribution of wealth, books. STELLA DARNELL, in The Pilot. 11,000 members. Missionaries refusal of nations to find peace- of the Society number 722. In ful means to settle their inter- Signs of Cooperation the Society's grade schools are national disputes, the suspicion A significant trend toward 67,216 pupils. Two colleges are and distrust of militarism, recloser cooperation among de- supported in full and the main- bellion of poverty-stricken nanominations in missionary tions accepting financial slavery work was the annual meeting tenance of ten union colleges is shared by the Society. Nine- that another nation may live of the Interdenominational teen hospitals, thirteen dis- in luxury, and scattered here Council for Spanish-Speaking pensaries and three welfare and there, as a corrupting in- Work in the Southwest, in fluence in all our social life, Santa Fe, N. M., February 23- centers are maintained. the traffickers in sensuality 26. This Council is the joint It is especially gratifying and immorality corrupting Committee of the Home Mis- youth with their amusements sions Council and the Council that in spite of the unusual and literature, and the idling economic conditions of the last practical atheists who are both quadrennium, especially of the the victims and possessors of last year, the work 6f the So- vast inherited wealth, and in of Women for Home Missions ciety has not been curtailed and their tandem adulteries losing for work among Mexicans and all Qbligations have been met. both their capacity for God and Spanish-speaking Americans in the meaning and duty of hu- Rural Church Situation the United States. The Santa· man brotherhood. Three types of fields require Fe gathering was the twentieth Edwin E. Sundt, writing in annual meeting of this body, The Baptist upon "A New Day more adequate treatment: (1) which is made up of the de- for the Country Church," Overchurched communities, exnominational superintendents marks a change for the better, isting in every section of Amerand workers carrying on mis- and gives some interesting in- ica. (2) The unchurched comsionary activities among these formation: munity. Recent surveys indipeople. As one result of the A decade ago the future of rural cate 5,000 such areas, embracfellowship of these two decades churches appeared cheerless. Pro- ing 5,000,000 people. (3) The inadequately occupied field, due denominations are ready to testantism had closed 25,000 country churches since 1920 and out of the to non-resident pastors, irregusubmit their budgets and pro- remaining 101,000 less than twenty lar preaching and poor equipgrams to each other for re- per cent were reporting progress. Our ment. view. The next meeting is to 67,000 rural preachers were receiving be in EI Paso, Texas, Septem- an average stipend of $1,029 per year, which actually meant that thouber 20-23, of this year. sands labored for an income of con- American Tract Society siderably below $1,000. With such Missionary Education in the salaries, there was little hope of se- At the 107th annual meeting curing the type of leaders for which D.V.B.S. of the American Tract Society, the new day called. The abler men the most extensive work in were forced to see economic better- Ten or twelve denominations many years was reported. The are participating in the effort ment in urban fields. Hence the con- to increase world brotherhood colporteur service has been in-· tinuous retreat. ideals among the million or creased to meet the opportuni- Since 1925 .over one hundred larger ties offered by the unemploy- parishes have been organized with a ment situation. During its his- new type of religious cooperation. We more children who will attend tory the Society has published Vacation Church Schools dur- have learned to cooperate without sur- ing June, July and August. rendering the inalienable rights of local churches. There are, in some The International Association larger parishes, as many as fifteen and distributed Christian liter- smaller churches combined for service, of Daily Vacation Bible Schools, ature; 844,000,000 tracts, leaf- rather than any attempt to eliminate operating as a Department of lets, pamphlets, periodicals and valuable loyalties. By p.ooling· funds books in 180 languages and dia- a higher grade of leadership is se- the International Council of Religious Education, is cooperlects. The colporteurs have cured and men with proper vision, visited more than 2,500,000 homes. Last year nearly 500,~ consecration and training are creating ating in promoting the follow- 000,000 pieces of literature ing objectives: were distributed in more than life-centered programs. In these parthirty languages. ishes salaries average $2,000 or more, . 1. An adequate program of and when fifteen or, as is usually the missionary education available case, only five churches combine under for all Va cat ion Church the leadership of two or three vigor- Schools.

ous leaders, the result has been amaz- 2. Sharing by boys and girls ing. in North America of their Methodist Women's Work Home Mission Problems The Woman's Foreign Mis- "Pressing evils" and "run- happy vacation experience with sionary Society of the Metho- ning sores" in the national field underprivileged children of the dist Church reports 487,581 of home missions, according to world.

3. The mIssIOnary extension successful among young people houses erected and equipped, of the Daily Vacation Bible and in his half-century of min- the Aklavik Hospital enlarged, Schools among unchurched chil- istry has organized many Sun- and the Pangnirtung Hospital dren of American and untaught day schools. The Salt Lake built and established; while an children in foreign mission City church has a substantial Eskimo residential school had lands. brick building, a parsonage and been established at Shingle a home for students. The two Point, at which there are The Work of One Missionary pastors t r a vel continually thirty-four children in resi- among the scattered Japanese. dence and nine day scholars. In an effort to bring the The Methodist Churches of the During the same period thirtytruth of the Bible to the rural Pacific Coast have 2,169 mem- five missionaries have been sent communities of Southwest Ore- bers. out and sixteen have returned gon, Rev. E. Iverson, Presby- from the field, leaving a net terian home missionary, last Japanese Circuit Rider gain of nineteen workers. year traveled 20,310 miles, made 851 visits to families, 71 Such is M. Tsuji of Ogden, -The Living Church. Sabbath-schools were visited in Utah. Here is an extract from session, 249 sermons and ad- his own report of a recent mis- LATIN AMERICA dresses. delivered, conducted or sionary journey: assisted in 85 workers' con- Training for Good Citizenship ferences, with 865 in attend- "I have made a trip of perance; organized eight new Sab- sonal visiting missionary work The Christian Institute in bath-schools, revived four, illto this summer for about sixteen Castro, Parama, Brazil, is a which were gathered 420 pupils days, yisiting Green River, type of school which is ecoand teachers, 14 home depart- where I met with son. Then I nomical, efficient, thoroughly ments, and nine cradle rolls went to Rock Springs and Ham- Christian. Teachers and pupils started. One young people's er mining camp, and Cheyenne, live, work and study together society was organized and 60 Kennerer and Blaser, mining as one family. The schools are decisions for Christ were re- Japanese camp, where I had located on farms of from 600 ported; 7,538 pages of litera- small meetings. Then I came to 11,000 acres, and all the ture were distributed, also 242 to Pocatello, where I was not work is done by the students. Bibles and Testaments. Con- able to have any meeting be- They are not "educated away" ventions and institutes attend- cause people of farms were so from rural conditions, but are ed, 12; evangelistic meetings busy, and so I spent one night trained to Christianize all the held, six, with 280 in attend- at my friend's house, Mr. K. relationships of life. ance; catechisms distributed, Kawamier, Japanese rancher. 45. Four adult Bible classes Then I went to Idaho Falls, A number of former pupils were started; eight teachers' where I had very nice meet- are now directing schools in training classes, with 28 mem- ing. Audience about 100. Spent the interior, helping to reduce bers; eleven Daily Vacation two night there. Mr. and Mrs. the estimated 75 per cent il- Bible schools were conducted, Uchida, members of Japanese literacy. Of the 40,000,000 inand 56 religious week-day Bible church in Salt Lake City, moved habitants of Brazil, it is estilesson books are in use among there, and now Mr. Uchida is mated that about 1,000,000 are the public school teachers. secretary of Japanese associa- Protestant. The Presbyterian tion and his wife is teacher of Church has 44,000 members, -The Presbyterian. Japanese language school. They 330 organized churches, and helped me so greatly for meet- 165 ordained national ministers. Christians from Japan ing this time. They are very The more populous parts of good Christians. Then I went Brazil have been turned over Two Christian churches seek to Rexburg, where I had nice to the national Evangelical to care for the 5,000 Japanese meeting. At Twin Falls there Church, which is efficiently orwidely scattered over Nevada, is my church member, Mrs. ganized and is independent. Wyoming, Idaho and Utah. Tsugujang, widow, who is the These Japanese are mostly owner of farm of forty acres -Women and Missions. farmers, but some are em- and living there with her chilployed in coal and copper mines. dren, who were baptized in Protestantism in Mexico These churches, one in Salt Ogden years ago." Lake City and one in Ogden, Mission schools of the vari- Utah, are union enterprises of -Congregationalist. ous Protestant denominations the American Missionary Asso- are struggling for their lives, ciation and the Presbyterian Arctic Mission especially since the enacting of Board of National Missions. the latest laws signed by Presi- The pastor of the Ogden The Arctic Mission of the dent Ortiz Rubio, on January church, Mitsutaro Tsuji, a man Protestant Episcopal Church 1, 1932. Besides limiting the of seventy-three, is especially reports that during the past number of priests and min- five years three new churches isters in the Federal District have been built, four mission to one for each 50,000 inhabit-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ants, the law also prohibits any EUROPE An interesting fact is the school incorporated by the gov- Scotch Churches Face Crisis statement of sources from ernment to give classes in Bible, which gifts for this work have to carryon any religious serv- In the Church of Scotland, been received. W h i I e the ices within its walls (including contributions for foreign mis- amounts in themselves are not daily prayers and the asking of sions which were £92,301 in so very large, it is significant the "Blessing" at the table), 1930, had shrunk in 1931 to from where they came. For or to have any ordained men £88,240. The average during instance, the Spanish Congreon the faculty. It is probable the five years preceding 1930 gations in the north of Africa that the immediate cause of was £103,348. The result is a contributed 1,501 francs and this enactment was the reli- fresh deficit of '£25,000. The the Spanish Sisters of the Tegious celebrations in December work cannot now be carried on tuan Mission to the Jews conwhen the Catholics celebrated with the former average assets. tributed 50 pesetas. the 400th anniversary of the More than half of the total appearance of Guadalupe, their amount spent on the work is A Danish Laymen's Movement raised abroad by contributions patron saint, just when the Twenty years ago the Laygovernment thought it had of native churches, school and men's Movement was organized subjugated the Roman Cath- hospital fees, and government in Denmark. At the recent anolics. Although the government grants. Everyone of these niversary celebration the chief is not Protestant, the less than address was made by the presi- 100,000 Evangelicals in the sources threatens to shrink in dent of the Danish Mission Socountry have made themselves 1932 to an alarming extent. ciety, Pastor A. Busch, who rean influential force. Accor:dingly, the committee called the fact that on the in- has decided in the first in- vitation of some laymen who -Presbyterian Advance. stance to reduce expenditures were devoted to the cause of at the rate of £10,000 per an- missions, Dr. John R. Mott The Gospel for Mutineers num. The various mission coun- came to Denmark and organ- cils are being consulted as to ized the movement with be- Mr. William M. Strong, Di- how this sum may be saved, tween 150 and 200 laymen, rector of the Soldier's Gospel the following suggestions being "for service and help to all Mission of South America, tells existing Danish mission soof a visit to the prison ship considered: (1) retirement of cieties." The movement has "Lautaro," anchored off the existing members of the mis- done much to keep alive a misisland Quiriquina, Chile, where sionary staff, (2) refraining sion spirit in Denmark and has is located a fort and training from filling vacancies, (3) contributed large sums toward school for sailors. Following a the work. mutiny, 5,000 were confined in withdrawal from a field or various places. No one was al- fields, (4) cuts on missionaries' -Danish Missionsblad. salaries, (5) reduction of home administration expense, and (6) reduction in m iss ion lowed to see them, not even the grants. Home Missions in Germany officers except in discharge of their duty; but the authorities The Bible in Spain The Central Committee for granted the privilege of preach- The Spanish agency of the Innere Mission of the German British and Foreign Bible So- Protestant Church has charge ing and distributing New Tes- ciety reports for the past year, taments to a large proportion today of 26,500 institutions and which is the year following the homes, where daily 413,000 of the mutineers at four dif- revolution, that it marks the ferent points, totaling 3,000 highest point in the circulation persons are looked after. The of the Bible among Spaniards. work is done with little help men. All other reading matter The total number of copies of from the Reich and the Church, had been prohibited. Many of the entire Bible, of Testaments being almost completely a volthe prisoners begged for some- and Gospels sold, amounts to untary work of love. As is exthing to read. Before the visit 275,000. This figure is more to the ship, Mr. Strong had than 100,000 above the sales pressed by its name, the "Inalready preached the Gospel reached in 1873-1874, the year nere Mission" fulfils a mission and distributed Testaments to after the first revolution. Thus of a special kind, not only atalmost 1,000 men on the island the new liberty has brought for itself. This recent mutiny, ap- tending to bodily, economic and parently prompted by Russia, social needs, but also conveying the healing and helping powers is one of the most serious ever a large number of Spaniards of the Gospel of Christ to those to occur in Chile, but the con- the opportunity Of obtaining who, in these modern times, are finement of so many men with the Word of God and has given often u n t 0 u c h e d by these the reading of the Bible only is an equal opportunity to the. spiritual forces. plainly an instance of making Bible Society of placing more A great army of workers is "the wrath of man to praise copies of the divine word than required; 40,000 trained nurses Him." ever before. and 4,100 "deacons" are em-

ployed. There are 1,600 trained where no Protestant Church ex- held weekly, to review the men, 3,500 social welfare wom- ists." physical and spiritual needs of en workers, and more than 10,- camp homes. 000 employes and assistants Dr. Alexander Teich of Viendoing educational and nursing na, a leader of the World Union -Missionary Herald. work in houses and offices. of Jewish Students, has just come to America to interest Atheism on Chocolate Bars -Presbyterian Banner. Jews in the problem of anti- Semitism in Europe. He and At the instigation of the So- Atheism Outlawed other European representatives ciety of the Godless, chocolate of the International Student bars in Russia are now being President von Hindenburg of Service declare that the problem put up in wrappers on which Germany has dissolved the of anti-Semitism in European pictures and poems of an anti- Communistic "Internationale of universities is handicapped by religious character appear. As Proletarian Free Thinkers," the lack of cooperation from the an example, Evangelischer "The Free Thinkers Pioneers," United States. In certain Amer- Pressedienst reports that one and the women's branch. Pros- ican colleges there is also a form wrapper carried the picture of ecuting attorneys throughout of anti-Semitism which has been a workman kicking saints and Germany have received instruc- largely discriminatory and does angels; on the other side was tions to proceed s eve rei y not resort to violence such as the legend: "Out of vengeance against the atheists. characterized much of the recent on all bourgeois we will start a anti-Semitic outbreaks in Euro- world fire." Another wrapper The New Y ork Herald Trib- pean universities. contains the picture of a Rusune states: "This was justified sian priest with a whiskey officially on the ground that the Several cities in Poland have flask in his hand, on the other fiat against political excesses no been the scenes of anti-Jewish side of which is printed: "The longer sufficed to curb 'the pro- riots, in which more than 200 Pope holds the service and is vocative behavior of godless as- Jews-women and children as greatly depressed. He is sorry sociations,' and that 'through well as students-have been because of Sunday, for his the dissolution of these organ- beaten, their property destroyed prayer does not reach his Fathizations, the ground is cut from and even the tombstones in their er God." under communist godless prop- cemeteries demolished. Repreaganda, which is intended to sentatives of both sides in Vilna Exiled Christians in Russia undermine Christian culture assured the authorities they and morals as preparation for would do all in their power to Communications fro m Rusa bolshevist revolution.' " stop the riots. The Polish "The sian Christians, suffering from League of the Green Ribbon," of the 'Soviet regime, show the rea- The Problem of Jews in Europe which even school boys and girls son why multitudes would es- are members, have undertaken cape from the country if it were Sir Leon Levison, chairman of an economic boycott, as well as a possible. A thousand or more the Hebrew Christian Alliance soc i a I and intellectual ban recently attempted to cross the and a member of the Interna- against Jews. border into Rumania, over the tional Committee on the Chris- frozen Danube River, but most tian Approach to the Jews, Work in Greece of them were mowed down by writes: Soviet machine guns. Evangelical teaching in Greece "Among the vital plans pro- is done by ten organized Dr. George P. Pierson, for posed at a recent conference to churches, with seven settled forty years an American Presmake missionary work for Jews pastors and two evangelists byterian missionary in Japan, in Eastern and Central Europe who visit eighteen centers and writing in The Presbyterian, effective are (1) caring for supply vacant pulpits. Mem- quotes from a number of letters young Hebrew Christians after bership in these c h u r c h e s received from Christians forced they are baptized, (2) establish- ranges from 20 to 350. Arme- to hard labor in lumber camps ment of an industrial and agri- nian evangelical work, as apart in Siberia and northern Russia. cultural colony in Poland where from the Greek, largely centers We quote: young converts can be trained in in the four organized churches trades and in agriculture to be- of the refugee camps near "Our situation is hard to describe. come self-supporting, (3) a He- Athens. At one camp a sub- It is torment for young and old; it brew Christian colony in Pales- stantial church building has makes no difference how cold it is, all tine where selected Hebrew been erected and serves as a must go to work in the forest. We Christians from Poland may be center for all neighborhood ac- are forced to work from dawn till settled that they may bear tes- tivities. Bible reading is an dark without food while in the forest; timony to the Jews in Palestine integral part of the work, and and the great cold registers 30 to 39 and throughout the world, (4) five leaders regularly visit the degrees frost. a commission to consider estab- refugee camps. In addition, lishing a Hebrew Christian round table conferences are "The Pajak (food ration) gets Church in countries where Jew- smaller and smaller, so that we have ish converts are not welcome in not enough bread to eat. They do the Christian c h u r c h e sand not provide us with winter clothing, and so far we have not been paid any- thing for our work. And so our

1932J OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

. . . prayer rises daily to the Lord, superficialized, so that while hundreds flicted on the native population 'When will the hour of our deliver- are confirmed they soon fall away. of about 2,000,000 by the 15,- ance strike, and release us from this 000 descendants of American exile?' " Confession has been the cause of freed slaves sent to Africa by much mischief. As an African who "The least and most despised understands the psychology of his fel- human beings on the face of the earth low Africans, I urge that the ritual- the Abolitionists about a cen- istic services of High Churchism are tury ago. are we. The destitution, grief, misery, of little or no benefit to the average humiliation that we are now endur- African. They do not in the least To help meet the situation ing, cannot be described. Everyone of us is driven to work in the forest, help him on the road to the Kingdom the Commission on Race Relafrom the age of twelve to seventy tions and the Commission on years and over; in short, everyone of Heaven. Was it not the lowly International Justice and Goodwho can walk must work." Nazarene who warned his followers will of the Federal Council have "Vermin abounds, because for wEeks to beware of Pharisees and their long flowing garments, teaching them that we have not been able to change our the Father is a Spirit to be worshiped united in forming the Commitclothes, for no one may go home in spirit and in truth. "Sir, we would tee on African Welfare, with see Jesus." Please lead us to Him in Dr. Merrill F. Clarke as Chairuntil the 'norm' of work has been the simplest possible manner. man. The Committee's plan is: done. Only mothers of children two months old are allowed to go home at noon to nurse them. Women up to Prayer for Everyone 1. To study the conditions and sixty-five years old, men up to problems affecting the native peoples seventy and over are made to work. The Cathedral of Bloemfon- of Africa from the standpoint of so- tein, South Africa, observes the cial and economic progress and hu- D. Oskar Schabert, Freiheit- custom of having intercessions man rights, particularly as created strasse 27, Riga, Latvia, is in each day for one or more of charge of the International Re- the parishes and missions of by agricultural and industri.al devellief for the Russian Christians. opments in which American interests Contributions sen t to Rev. the diocese, so that in the are concerned; George P. Pierson, 311 South course of the year everyone is 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pa., 2. To confer and advise with othwill be forwarded. remembered in prayer. Bishop er groups, societies and joint councils Carey, of the Cathedral, makes of whites and natives in Africa and this comment on the custom: other lands which are interested in "I like to think that not a man promoting the welfare and advocat- goes to work in the diocese, not ing the rights of the native peoples; a woman takes up her house- AFRICA hold duties, not a child goes to 3. To provide information and school, without the blessing help to bring to bear on particular Air Service Extended that is brought on them by the situations an informed and intelligent intercession at the Cathedral. public conscience in support of social After many years of survey, I wish every farmer would re- and economic progress and native preparation and experiment, a member as he goes out to the rights. new weekly air service was fields that he is not forgotten opened from Croydon to Cape of the Church." -Federal Council Bulletin. Town, giving also postal service for countries enroute, such -Living Church. Sleeping Sickness Eradicated as Irak and Persia. In February, 1931, Imperial Airways Dr. Clement C. Chesterman, opened a 5,000 mile route as Baptist Missionary Society medfar as Kisumu, in Kenya, which ical missionary in charge of the hospital at Yakusu, near Stan- leyville in the Belgian .Congo, vastly improved communica- says that sleeping sickness has tions between England and For African Welfare been wiped out in that district, East Africa. The new line Savery is again demanding a disease that once affected 30% covers a distance of nearly attention. Notwithstanding the of the population. This has been 8,000 miles, and is covered in Anti-Slavery Convention of accomplished by systematic exten and a half days. Previously, 1925, ratified by 41 nations- amination and treatment of all mail to Cape Town required including Liberia – and not- those affected. The important seventeen days. From south- withstanding reports of the part of the scheme has been the ern Sudan to the north of the League's Commission of In- training of native medical as- Union two weeks is saved. . quiry in 1930, and of the Com- sistants, and putting them into African Asks for Simplicity mittee of Experts in 1931, little progress has been made in rec- rural dispensaries distributed An African Christian named tifying the shocking conditions over the area. There are also Malloku pro t est s against masses, incense, processions discovered. It is maintained welfare centers linked up with and the like in mission services that Liberia has broken her the dispensaries, and visited on the Gold Coast. In his covenant, and the problem letter printed in Elder's Review once a week by the native assistof West African Affairs, he ant. says: there is particularly difficult be- As the welfare centers are The clergy's attention is drawn from weightier matters; preaching cause the Black Republic is a linked up with the dispensaries, declines in quality; spiritual life is protege of the United States, so both are linked up with Com- which would seem, therefore,. munion centers in charge of na- to have special responsibility in tive pastors. "The medical helping to end the outrageously work," says pro Chesterman, "is corrupt and cruel misrule in- an indispensable partner to the

religious work of our mission, was opened in Constantinople older girls of the Sidon Girls for once we have converted the last February, others will open School are able to be present. people from their belief in the in twelve other cities. As an The total attendance is between connection of evil spirits with important means of enlighten- five hundred and six hundred. disease, to a belief in our medi- ment, good reading will be Because some Moslem women cine as a cure, it is easy to trans- stressed; village branches will attend, men are asked to absent fer their belief in these spirits to teach reading and writing to themselves and a meeting is the loving God who inspires our the peasants. Telegraph and held for them in the evening. work."-South African Outlook. radio will be freely used to Prayers are offered in several keep alive an interest in cur- languages, and hymns sung in King's College, Budo rent events. Arabic and Armenian.

King's School, Budo, opened Syrian Orphanage One of the features of the in 1906, was the first public Day of Prayer in Aleppo is an school in Uganda. Budo Hill for Seventy-two yea r sag 0 offering of cracked wheat. Each generations has been to Uganda (Nov. 11, 1860), Pastor Lud- woman, when about to cook the almost w hat Fujiyama is to wig Schneller opened the Syrian daily meal, takes one handful Japan. Here kings we r e Orphanage in Jerusalem. The from the pot and puts it in a crowned, and the "keeper" still occasion was the result of the bag for the Society. This ulkeeps free from weeds the ring terrible slaughters that were timately goes to the poor or is of stones inside which would be perpetrated by the Druses sold for the benefit of missionbuilt, of cane work and thatch, among the Christians of the ary work. the native hut for the king to Lebanon Mountains. More than keep vigil on the night before 20,000 widows and orphans Brotherhood Encouraged his coronation, after w h i c h were then roaming homeless there was an orgy of blood as through that region. Today the This year there are in the the warriors, maddened with Schneller District has more Presbyterian mission schools in excitement, rushed down the than 40 buildings, containing Syria eleven kin d s of Chrisvall e y s butchering· wherever orphanages for boys and girls, tians and eight kinds of nonthey went. Those old enough to schools, creches, homes for ap- Christians; of Christians, five remember this must have been prentices, an asylum for the kinds of Roman Catholics, five grateful to God when, in 1917, blind, a preparatory school, a kinds of Eastern Orthodox chilthey saw Daudi Chwa made seminary and parish houses. dren, and the evangelicals. king while native choirs sang There has been added during A m 0 n g the non-Christians, "0 God, our Help in Ages the last few years a large in- Jews, Sunni and Shiite Mos- Past." Soon the sacred hill was dustrial school in which pupils lems, Ismailites, Druze, Bahais, crowned with four dormitories, may be trained in all kinds of Alaouites, and even a devil worclass rooms, Great Hall, a house trades by modern methods. At shiper, all of whom sit side by for the missionary, a workshop present 370 children are being side in the schools. and a most beautiful chapel. reared in the institutions. There Following the war, Uganda de- are 30 apprentices and 43 The whole political system of veloped so rapidly that it be- learners busy in the various Syria tends to continue these came necessary to reb u i I d workshops. lines of cleavage by making the King's School almost entirely parliament a representation of and to join with it the Mengo -Evangelishes Lutheran religious groups. Missionaries High School, a boarding school M issionsblatt. hope that these children and for young boys. In January, young people, about 3,500 of 1926, this new King's College Learning to Pray Together them, as they work and play toopened its doors to 270 boys. gether in an atmosphere imbued The complete scheme is still un- For some years it has been with the spirit of Christ, may realized, awaiting better times. the custom for the women one day help to remove the bar- throughout Syria to observe a riers that separate the people -C. M. S. Outlook. Day of Prayer in February. into unsympathetic groups. Intermarriages between Protes- WESTERN ASIA tants, Greek Catholics and Encouragements in Persia Greek Orthodox have compli- Training the Turks cated the situation, but in- A Presbyterian missionary creased interest was manifest near the Russian border on the A proposed new system of the past year. Caspian Sea writes: "From education for Turkey will pro- morning till evening some two mote education, language, his- Including two rather remote hundred Moslems came to our tory, fine arts, sports, social mountain villages, meetings are small room in the caravanserai service, libraries and publica- held in sixteen places through- to talk about Christ." tion, museums and exhibitions. out the Sidon field, and in the It will be called "The House of town of Sidon itself, where the Another missionary says that the People." The first of these he was literally besieged from morning to night by inquirers who would haunt his house in

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

order to talk with him. He is caste, the money-lender and the bu- sign of progress is the increas- reaucrat. The pulpit provides the trying out the principle of set- ing unity and influence of this ting apart two and a half hours proper forum for ventilating the ills organization. A writer in a day-one-tenth of our time– from which the weak suffer. If it Dnyanodya who attended this fails in its duty as it has done in for definite, close, spiritual con- the past, the Church will lose what- session says: ever respect it commands now, and tact with God. It seemed at first Russia's religious history of the last There was a marked emphasis upon impossible, but he has succeeded decade may be repeated here. If the unity and a real striving after it. and as a result writes that "life Church were to mobilize its powers, has been going on ballbearings no g.overnment could stand against it. During the all-day excursion to the ever since." These things are politics, and religion Seven Pagodas one felt its practical cannot separate itself from them save workings, as we saw women of rank This prayer may explain the to its own hurt and to the hurt of and wealth, officers .of the Conference, harvest that is coming. One humanity. some of them neither young nor physiman whose life had been spent cally strong who, instead of going in highway robbery became con- Campaign Against Child comfortably by car, chose to ride the victed of sin. There had been no contact with missionaries, Marriage hundred and more miles in an unwith Christians, or with the Bi- comfortable bus, so as to share the India has an excellent law c.ommon lot of the delegates. During called the Sarda Act against thQ halt at the temple of Tirukulli- kundrum where the sacred eagles were fed, when the Brahman priest ble, but only the work of the child marriages, but it has not announced the prasadam for Brah- mans and non-Brahmans, one of the Holy Spirit. He went to a Mo- been strictly enforced. The delegates called out to him, "Here hammedan priest to ask for Gujarat Social Reform Associa- there is neither Brahman nor non- spiritual help, but in vain. A tion i~ appealing for volunteers Brahman; here we are all sisters of Christian who had been a der- for the detection of marriages one family." Of all the subjects con- sidered the one arousing most envish finally led him to Christ. in contravention of the Sarda thusiastic and united response was A son of a highway robber is Act, and has served notices on that of the removal of untouchability.

now winning educated young seven persons through its Reorganizing the Laymen men to Christ. He circulates pleader, calling upon them to handbills in Persian towns to an- show cause why the Associanounce that he will tell how and tion should not proceed legally The Laymen's Missionary why he became a Christian. against them for having ig- Movement of India was organ- ized in 1910. Until 1915, it -Sunday School Times. nored Section 19 of the Sarda was not widely known. It con- Act by marrying their children, tinued in full force until 1924, INDIA below the prescribed age, dur- after which it gradually de- ing the last four months. One clined, chiefly because it had so A Challenge to .Reform of the seven persons so served few sympathizers. Laymen have with a notice is the president all along been helping as abil- Mr. S. P. Andrews-Dube, In- of a Taluka Local Board and ity, time and means afforded, dian Christian leader, recently vice-president of the District and recently it was determined challenged the Indian Church Local Board, Ahmedabad, who to revive the Movement, under to face its present day respon- had his son, aged 13, married sibilities. the guidance of Dr. Chitambar. It is hoped to engage a well One of the reasons which quickened recently.

the spread of Free Churches in Eng- Revival of Suttee land as against the Established qualified, full time secretary for Church was the aloofness of the lat- A writer in Revelation, who at least three years, whose ter from the people-their problems, has been a missionary for chief work would be to organsorr.ows and tears. As it was in the time of Hosea, so unfortunately it is twenty-eight years, claims that ize the Movement. largely today in India. The spiritual one of the results of Gandhi's -Indian Witness. aristocracy has not much in common teachings of civil disobedience with the penury of the villagers and Union Medical College their incessant struggles and dis- has been a revival of "Suttee" A cooperative scheme of counts that characterize the working -burning of the widow on her large outreach is the proposed life of our growing industrial cen- husband's funeral pyre, and Union Christian Medical Colters. What has the Indian Church done to remedy the present order of gives a detailed account of such things under which only one per cent an incident which actually took of Indian revenue is spent on public place in December, 1931. The lege, which has the approval health and 62 per cent on war ser- of the National Christian Coun- missionary was in the town cil, the Christian Medical Assovices? The Indian Labor Commis- when it happened and states ciation, the ten Provincial sion's Report reveals a state of affairs that other burnings have ocregarding health, housing and condi- tions of service of the factory w.orker curred since then in other Councils, many .m iss ion s, on which Christian opinion must as- towns, in defiance of the law. churches and individuals. A sert itself. If Christianity fails to special committee has been inappeal to the people today in India, Women and Their Influence structed to raise funds-the tenit is largely due to the fact that the Church has kept mum when its plat- The fifth session of the All- tative estimate is for $1,200,- form should have been thundering India Women's Conference was 000 for building and equipment against the oppression of the all powerful landlord, the capitalist, the high held in Madras in March. A and $4,300,000 for endowment

-to draw up a constitution and ited. During the course of the Religious Training in Ceylon in general to promote the plan. year one or other of the Sun- The college proposed is to be day School missionaries has James A. Ker, a Los Angeles residential, staffed by full-time touched the Northwest Frontier Bible Institute graduate, who professors, Indian and foreign, Province, also the e d g e of went to Ceylon some years ago, on missionary salaries. Exten- China, the Himalayas and the says: sion work and social service is southern point of Ceylon. In all planned for, cooperation in of these visits lectures, demon- The year that has just closed has rural service and post-gradu- stration and guidance have been been one of real blessing. Several ate courses for doctors already given. have taken their stand for Christ and in practice. The plan includes confessed Him in baptism. Many a hospital of 400 beds. On the An interesting piece of work more are asking for baptism, but we governing body there will be was undertaken in the Garo are keeping them waiting a little representatives of the National Hills, the Manipur Hills and while yet. We have for the past Christian Council-a body that Assam, where a definite for- eighteen months been training a Singrep res e n t s missions and ward movement is evident. The halese young man for the ministry, churches in India-of the Chris- Garo Hills and the Manipur as there is no fundamental training tian Medical Association, rep- Hills are both tracts of coun- school in Ceylon. He has been makresenting all Christian medical try in which the Gospel has ing splendid progress, and shows a work in India and other spread widely among aboriginal real desire to spread the knowledge branches of the Christian en- and primitive peoples. Only a of Jesus Christ. The course of study terprise. small part of the Bible has been includes church history, methods of translated into the language of personal work, introduction to the -Indian Witness. the hill folk. English Bible, exegesis, Bible outlin- ing and teaching methods, homiletics, Venkiah's Baptism -The Christian. and a systematic study of the Bible and its principal doctrines. Best of Should an outcaste preacher Saving the MogaIai all, this young man is developing as baptize a caste convert, was a an effective pulpit and open air question that faced Rev. Cor- In the 66 page report of the preacher. nelius Unruh in Nalgonda, American Marathi Mis s ion, South India. He tells how it Rev. John Malelu explains his -The King's Business. was solved: work in the Mogalai field, popu- lated largely by Moslems and BURMA AND SIAM When Venkiah, being a Sudra, Hindus. asked for baptism my helpers were Y. M. C. A. in Burma perplexed. The missionary does not A little more than 12 years ago I baptize now, thinking it wiser to have was moved by the Spirit of the Lord Sir Benjamin Heald, who is the pastors attend to this phase of to depend entirely on Him for my severing his connection with the work in their own fields. But support. Having been inspired by the the Y. M. C. A. in Burma, said now these pastors came to ask if I lives .of George Mueller and Hudson at the 37th annual meeting: would baptize this new convert. I Taylor I asked the Bombay Church to "There seems to be among the sent them to him, and to their re.al let me serve them while counting upon Burmans a renewal of interest surprise he said: "It is all the same the Lord for maintenance. They in those ideas of service and to me whether it is the missionary would not consent. Quite recently the self-sacrifice which are the or one of you. I want to do what Spirit of the Lord again moved me to basis of most religions, and the Lord wants me to do." So Ven- lead a life of faith. Having offered particularly of Buddhism; and kiah was baptized and became a fol- my resignation, I attended the Octo- our Association offers opporlower of the One who acknowledges ber meeting of the General .Council of tunities of service which are the importance of changed hearts and the Missions, where the Survey Com- appreciated by the members of lives, not creeds, castes or races. New mittee proposed to close down the all religious communities inopenings in the village have followed Mogalai field, owing to the lack of a cluding Buddhists. It has done Venkiah's baptism. proper man and money. Then my much to overcome antagonisms name was abruptly suggested, and, and suspicions and has been – Watchman-Examiner. after due consideration and prayer, the means of bringing all those accepted, with the understanding that who are under its influence Snnday School Advance I should be allowed to work on faith into a real bond of friendship." lines for my support. Since my ar- Speaking of Sunday School rival the Lord has wonderfully opened Replying to Sir Benjamin's progress, Dr. James Kelly, Brit- the door for the Marathas of the war- speech the Governor of Burma ish secretary of the World's like caste called Kshatriyas. Five of spoke of the excellent service Sunday School Union, says that them, from two villages in the neigh- of the "Y" for troops and visitation of the whole field by borhood of each other in the Nizam's refugees in the rebellion disthe staff of the India Sunday Dominions which I have made my tricts, a work of great value School Union has proceeded headquarters, have professed their to the government, as has also with excellent results. The Pan- faith in Christ as their Lord and Sa- been the pioneer work in physjab, United Provinces, Delhi, viour by receiving baptism. Four of ical training. All this, he said, Bengal and its hill districts, them are headmen, two being officials has resulted in a wider horizon Maharashtra, all the chief divi- of their villages. Five others, from for Burma and before long it sions of South India; also Cey- two untouchable classes. have ac- is probable a democratic conlon and Burma have been vis- cepted Christ as their Lord and Mas- stitution will be given Burma. ter. Thus ten in all have passed out of the darkness of ignorance and -Indian Witness. superstition.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Cannibalism in Malaysia Christians of China, with large complete responsibility for the direc- numbers in sympathy who have tion and support of this varied Chris- The government in the Dutch not yet joined. Among the mem- tian enterprise. Their latest venture East Indies was compelled to bers are the entire Presby- is the new Asia Hotel, thoroughly issue strict prohibitions against terian Church of Christ in equipped with every modern convencannibalism. This is still in China, some 20,000 strong, two ience, conducted on Christian prinvogue among the heathen strong bodies of Mennonites, ciples and free from drinking, gam- Bataks. Dr. Warneck, of the the Holiness Churches in North bling and prostitution. After two Rhenish Mission, reports a con- China, many thousands of the years it is a huge financial success. versation which he had with a China Inland Mission and of The hotel employs a pastor-evangelist heathen chief. This fellow told the Christian and Missionary who constantly works among the hotel in a cynical way that twenty Alliance as well as smaller staff as well as the guests, and many years ago he had been a widely groups of Baptists, Free Meth- have been led to Christ and brought feared man-eater. He described into church membership by means of the whole process in all its odists and others. The League this personal evangelism. cruelties so that Dr. Warneck has started a bi-monthly magaasked him if it was never re- zine in Chinese, called The New Endeavorers in China pugnant to him to devour his Morning Light, under efficient still living victim piecemeal; Chinese editorship. Christian Endeavor in China is a living testimony to the fact that this work is ordained of God and is a vital part of the but he denied it emphatically General Takes Christian Stand Christian church. and said that he was sure that When I was holding evauif the Netherland government General Dzen, a public man were to leave the country can- of prominence in West China, gelistic Christian End e a v 0 r nibalism would flourish anew has been in touch with Chris- meetings in Wenchow, in the in the heathen regions. tianity for twenty years. He south of Chekiang province last has been active with other lead- March, Pastor Lin of the Ping- yang district requested me to ers, both Chinese and foreign, take a series of revival meet- New Center in Siam in work for bettering. the lives ings at Au-chiang, about forty A swamp in Siam gradually of young men. Now, after miles from Wenchow. Pastor filled and became rice fields. twenty years, he has come out Lin pleaded: "My church of Workers built homes on a small boldly and has declared him- seventy-nine branch churches raised area and the result was self on the side of Christ, "re- all over the Pingyang district the village of Nong Yi Pet. penting the past, resolved to has a special claim because in There was one Christian, Uncle struggle for the future, serve everyone of those seventy-nine Poon, but his life was nothing the Cause of Christ and work churches we have a Christian to boast about. At 70 years of for the common good of man- Endeavor soc i e t y; and our age, through the preaching of kind." preachers are products of Chris- -United Church Record. tian Endeavor. The best Bible an evangelist, he became truly converted. A Presbyterian stu- A Possibility Made Actual students and speakers of our dent evangelist made his head- Christian Endeavor societies quarters in this village, then a Following his visit to Hong- are appointed assistant preachsmall chapel was erected out of kong and Canton, Dr. John ers." bamboo with an attap roof, MacNeill thus describes in Mis- -A. T. CHOW, General Secmost of the money and labor sions what grew out of a mis- retary of the China Christian being furnished by the vil- sionary beginning: Endeavor Union.

lagers. Four other converts In Canton one sees what the inhave been won and a center digenous church may become upon the Medical Aid for West China mission field. Here is highly develhas thus been established. oped evangelistic, educational and The United Church of Can- -Siam Outlook. medical work, housed in commodious ada has undertaken a major buildings, and all under the directi.on CHINA of and supported by the native Chi- share in rendering Christian League of Christian Churches nese Church. The great congrega- medical service to the 100,000,- 000 people of West China. Less tions .at the Sunday services were a than forty years ago the first revelation, and to share in the com- Evangelicals in China have munion service with from seven to doctors of this mission reached organized a League of Chris- eight hundred Chinese Christians was Szechuan. During the interventian Churches, a federation of a memorable experience. Here we ing years there has been no found a group of devoted Christian mutually independent denomi- . business men, who head up some of less than three general evacua- the most influential banking and nations, groups and individuals financial interests of Canton. The tions of missionaries to the who are willing. to confess their wise missionary leadership of the coast, and on one occasion pracfaith in the Christ of the Scrip- years has laid heavy responsibilities tically all mission property was tures and in the entire Bible as on the native converts. Do nothing· destroyed. But by 1912 ten sta- for the Chinese Christians that they the Word of God. In two years can do for themselves, is a policy tions had been opened up to this League has drawn to it- abundantly justified. With these men medical work, spread out to self at least one-eighth of the as leaders the Chinese have assumed cover a vast, densely populated

area, with at least one foreign Manchuria Mission Conference shops, and by other such ocdoctor in each of these stations has been organized; its two currences which used to be all for some years. About the same Districts are the North Man- too frequent." time, the mission joined forces churia and Kando. There are with several other missions to in all forty-two churches and American Films in Disrepute found the West China Union twenty-five prayer places ar- University, which included med- ranged in fifteen circuits. The The Federal Council Bulletin ical and dental colleges. Includ- Conference has 1,770 members comments upon Japan's reacing the class of 1931, thirty- and 5,000 adherents. There are tion to American motion picfour doctors and five dentists fifteen parsonages. The total ture films. have been graduated. A little value of the property is placed more than half of these are in at 54,000 yen. As for the effect of motion pictures service with other missions. in the countries of the Orient, the Four training schools are being The first conference was at- National Christian Council of Japan carried on, and two years ago tended by fourteen Korean expressed the generally accepted vie~ a Department of Hygiene and preachers, eleven Bible women, when it wrote to the Federal CouncIl Public Health was initiated. one colporteur and 12 lay dele- of the Churches of Christ in America Already its influence has been gates. One of the latter came not long ago, entreating the churches felt over a wide area. 150 miles on foot. of our land to take every step pos- sible to prevent the continued influx -United Church Record. -Christian Advocate. of undesirable American films into Japan. The -chief censor of the Tokyo Christian Ethics from Confucius JAPAN…:..-CHOSEN police-a non-Christian-w.as quoted as declaring that many of the Amer- There are ethical values in A View of the Slums ican films were highly detrimental to Confucianism w h i c h parallel the morals of the Japanese. For us Christian principles. National- A Japanese slum wears a to be eager to send Christian missionist China has taken its motto very different look from a slum aries to the Orient and to be indiffrom one of the finest pieces of in Europ.e or America, but the ferent -to the sending of films that ancient Chinese literature. same unhealthy conditions and break down the influence of the mis" pernicious influences prevade sionary is certainly .anomalous. When the Great Way is followed all both. A Japanese slum conunder heaven will work for the com- sists of rows of tiny, dark, By Strange Paths mon good. They will advocate sin- flimsily built, one story houses, cerity and cultivate peace. Men will with no sanitary arrangements The fortune-teller has always not limit their friendship to their rela- of any sort, fronting on narrow been an important member of tives, nor their love to their own sons. dirt streets with open sewers Eastern society, and his aid is The aged will have provision made in them. The houses contain still invoked for the choice of for them. The able in body will serve; 1, 2 or at most 3 rooms, and lucky days for weddings, etc. youth will have respect for its elders. these rooms are in all prob- But the following incident, and There will be sympathy for the wid- ability 6 x 13% ft., 6 x 6 ft., for the truth of which I can ows and orphans, and care for the af- and 6 x 9 ft., respectively. And vouch, is perhaps unique in the flicted. The men will accept respon- everywhere there are children! annals of fortune-telling in sibility; the women will be properly The houses are too small to Japan. A young officer in the provided for. contain them all unless they are Japanese army has had to take doubled up asleep benea,th the a year's leave on account of The accumulation of earthly goods bed clothes, so the dirty, dis- lung trouble, and naturally he will be discountenanced. Hoarding ease-breeding streets teem with and his wife have been exceedfor oneself will be done away. Idle- them. ingly worried and anxious ness on the part of those who can about the future. At last she work will be frowned upon. No one "It is in such a slum," writes decided to consult a fortunewill be for himself. Mrs. Hannaford, of the Tokyo teller. When she had put her Presbyterian Mission, "grown questions he sat for some time Thus self-aggrandizement will not up beside the large factory of in silence making criss-cross longer be known, and robbery and a pharmaceutical company, just lines on his forehead with his thieving will cease. When this time outside the limits of Tokyo, forefinger. She wondered what comes, the front door may be left that Tokyo Station has been he was doing, -and suddenly he open. Then will be the true Broth- carrying on a work for chil- asked: "Are you a Christian?" erhood of Man. dren for several years. "No." "Are any of your family Christians?" "No." "But have -Presbyterian Banner. "The whole community is you studied Christianity?" "No. loud in its praise for the I have no connection with Methodists -Organize in change that has come over the Christianity at all." "Well," he children. No more are the peo- said, "I see a shining cross on Manchuria ple troubled by windows being your forehead, and the cross is wilfully broken, by cake and the sign of Christ. I have gods Dr. J. S. Ryang of the fruit being filched from the whom I believe in and go to for Korean Methodist Church be- help, but you, if you want to lieves that Manchuria, despite help your husband, had better the strain of military activity, become a Christian." Among offers a wonderful opportunity for Christian work, ~nd that the condition in that country is just like the one in Korea about twenty years ago. The

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

her acquaintances was the wife Church, and orphanages in week and gave a course of lec- of a rising young lawyer, a Pyengyang and Seoul. tures on "The Message of leading member of the Holy -Presbyterian Banner. Rural Missions," "The Rural Trinity Church at Kumamoto, Community Parish," "Demon- and to her she appealed. This GENERAL strating Rural Evangelism,"

lady is now visiting the young Combating Anti-Semitism "The Rural Missionary" and couple, and last Sunday morn- "Some Larger Issues."

ing the officer's wife was in The International League to The most detailed and comchurch with one of her chil- Combat Anti-Semitism has prehensive study of agriculdren. launched a periodical entitled "The Right to Live." The fol- tural missions which has been -REV. A. C. HUTCHINSON lowing is from a recent issue: made was recently completed of Fukuoka. by Dr. A. L. Carson. Its two -Church Missionary Outlook. "1 ask· for no privilege," says the main purposes were: (1) Jew. "As a human being 1 require Through a comprehensive sur- Progressive Korea no more than the right to live." . vey of the field to assemble There are in all Korea 568 The right to live is not a mere definite data regarding the Christian primary schools, with sanction to exist. It involves all that work now in progress for the 39,774 pupils; 45 academies we call human rights: the right to use of promotional and adminwith 6,211 pupils; 217 kinder- earn a living, the right to education, istrative bodies. (2) To bring gartens with 9,314 pupils; two the right of suffrage, the right to this and other information to men's colleges and one for stand the political equal of any man, bear on a point of vital imwomen, 500 pupils; two theo- the right to make one's own way to portance in any movement, the logical schools, 250 students; a whatever successes his talents merit. selection and training of permedical college, with possibly sonnel. 100, and several nurses' train- The right to live means the right ing schools, with over 100. In to live as an effective man in the Disarmament Conference all these, Bible instruction is world, joining with other men to build regularly given, but the secular a nobler society. For life is not sep- Since the Conference began arately lived and he who is for him- on February 2, much has been subjects, under government in- self alone does no more than exist. accomplished. Its achievements To set men apart, to exclude them from cooperative society, to say to them, "You may not labor with us to carry the common burden because you spection, also are kept to high are a Jew" is to deny the right to to date are: live. standards. 1. A general and unanimous In Christian religious educa- The right to live requires that a agreement in principle among man must be permitted to make the all the nations that all purely tion, 5,400 Sunday schools have best of what talents have been given aggressive weapons shall be a total enrollment of 254,000. him, to the end that he may make a The entire Church goes to Sun- worthy contribution to the social body abolished. day school. One school in of which he is ,a member. The right 2. No property or rights Pyengyang enrolls 2,400, and to live is denied when it is said, "You are a Jew, and therefore, you may achieved through aggression by the 20 schools of that city any nation shall be recognized together enroll over 14,000, or not enter our schools. You are a by the other nations as validone-tenth of the total popula- Jew, and therefore, we shall drive the so-called "Hoover Doctrine." you from our class-rooms."

tion. Last summer the vaca- Rural Mindedness 3. The Conference demontion Bible schools of the coun- strates that the only security is try, meeting in 958 places with The Christian movement that based on confidence and 6,190 volunteer teachers, en- throughout the world is rapidly agreements. No nation has ever becoming "rural-conscious." The been made secure through armed rolled 100,485 pupils. Missionary ladies have start- Jerusalem Meeting of the In- force. ed a W. C. T. U., and a Korean ternational Missionary Council Each day a spirit of detergirl secretary travels, organiz- in 1928, representing Christian mination to make progress with ing societies. The 15,000 Chris- groups from fifty nations, gave the work is expressing itself.

tian Endeavor and several thou- every evidence of this. In sand Epworth League young Toronto last April was held an Missionaries Issue Statement people are also actively pushing Institute on Missions and Rural To express their convictions the movement. In Seoul is a Populations-not to teach agri- regarding the Sino-Japanese society for the prevention of cultural subjects but to deepen controversy, American missioncruelty to animals. There are the rural consciousness of all aries in Japan have issued a societies for fighting the white mISSIOnaries. Lectures were statement, signed by 35, while slave traffic, and the missions given on the Meaning and Task fifteen declined to sign and pay subsidies to the Salvation of Agricultural Missions (as others were absent. The state- Army for maintaining a refuge outlined at Jerusalem), and on ment is in part: home for unfortunate women. Rural Sociology, Agricultural" "Our first word is one of con- There are homes for old peo- Economics and Economic Im- fession …. that the sins of our ple in Syenchun and Pyeng- provement. Dr. Butterfield was nation in the past render any yang, m a i n t a i ned by the present throughout the second protest open to the charge of

inconsistency. . . . We deeply 8. More scientists are work- gether in Annual Conference regret agitation for an economic ing on the curative treatment former missionaries of all evanembargo against Japan, . . . be- of lepers. gelical churches and missionalieving it would more fully unify ries on furlough. Dr. J. T. Gra- Japan in support of military pol- 9. A more intelligent atti- cey was the first president and, icies…. The policy of attempt- tude toward leprosy is shown after serving for twenty-eight ing by military means a solution by the general public. years, was succeeded by Dr. J. of delicate international prob- Sumner Stone. The member~hip lems is one from which we are 10. Education regarding the roll of the Union contains 2,430 compelled to dissociate ourselves. leprosy problem is being spread names of whom some 1,800 are . . . A better way is the new by press and pulpit. living. Over 50 mission boards process of conferences and law. and practically every mission … As we face the long future in 11. More volunteer workers field are represented. The An- Asia, so fraught with possibili- are devoting their efforts to nual Meetings have been times ties of good or ill for the human campaigns against leprosy. of fellowship, inspiration and race, we renew our pledge of faith power. The reasons for disconin what we believe to be the way WILLIAM M. DANNER, tinuance are the expense and the of Jesus as the only wise policy General Secretary, Ameri- multiplication of meetings and in this present situation, and we organizations. The records and call upon our fellow Christians can Mission to Lepers. finances of the Union will be in Japan and everywhere to join transferred to the Foreign Misin that testimony to our com- Three Great Movements sions Conference. mon faith in the power of good will, which alone shall lead the There are three movements that, in H. F. LAFLAMME, world toward a better day." a different fashion in these great Secretary. lands, each indicate how, through the Record of Christian Work. past ten years, "God has been at the Doors Open and Close for Jews helm," as St. Augustine found Him Progress in Work for Lepers to be, "though very secretly." His se- Refugee Jews from eastern cret operation is coming forth now in- Europe have for years found a 1. More lepers are seeking to the light. The three "speaking measure of hospitality in Cuba, help while in the early stages signs" that appear to us in the sky where there has been no organof the disease. above these lands are the Kingdom of ized anti-Semitism. Cuba's mild God Movement in Japan, with Kag- climate has been a further in- 2. More are under treatment awa leading it; the Five Year Move- ducement and as many as 13,000 than ever before, not only in ment in China, and the castle move- Jews have come in a single mission hospitals but in gov- ment into the Christian Church in month. But now, due to ecoernment and municipal institu- India. . . . The Christian Church in nomic depression, the wandertions and at out-patient clinics Japan is a small church in which, we ing Jew finds another refuge and automobile dispensaries. are told, there is far more leadership closed. No laws, as yet, have than rank and file. But Kagawa's been framed against Jews, but 3. More patients have been great influence among the workers is difficulties in the way of entry dismissed as "symptom-free," being used today to spread the Gospel are set up against immigrants, a fact which is putting hope among these multitudes. In China, in that each must have at least into the hearts of all lepers. the Five Year Movement "is com- $200 in his possession as proof manding enthusiasm and energy on that he will not become an ob- 4. There are more Christian every side." Its aim is to knit the ject of charity. lepers. Church together in all its branches, making it, as it should be, a center of On the other hand, Spain, 5. Increased interdenomina- power and hope in the midst of the land of the Inquisition, is now tional cooperation in the leper chaos which today is China. . . . The ready to welcome the return of ministry is exemplified by rooting of Christianity deep in the Jews of Spanish ancestry, and Women's Missionary Federa- soil of these lands is what has to be Foreign Minister Lerroux will tions, Sunday-schools and other central to all Christian effort. The facilitate their naturalization. associations, as well as by the movement of the caste people in South Spanish Jews were driven out of way in which each denomina- India towards the Christian Church Spain by Ferdinand and Isation is blending its efforts with has a similar significance. The caste bella in 1492, at which time a the Mission to Lepers in the people form the citadel of India's life, decree expelling all Jews from common task of cleansing the and it is the example of the outcastes, Spain was issued. The present lepers. transformed by the power of Christ, Catholic press does not take which is now winning these, their old kindly to these friendly over- 6. Anti-leprosy organizations oppressors. . . . The whole story of tures to Jews, arguing an atare being established in many these years is full of enlightenment tempt at Jewish world dominion. countries. and exhilaration.-Dr. Nichol Mac- Other papers ridicule the idea as Nicol in The British Weekly. J udaising the republic. 7. Better governmental cooperation is seen throughout End of the I. M. U. King's Business. the world. After nearly fifty years of useful service the International Missionary Union will close its work at the end of this year. The Union was organized in 1884, at the suggestion of the Rev. W. B. Osborn, to bring to-

to Read on the American

..:( Suggested by MAY HUSTON, New York }I: ..

Associate Secretary, Department of Missionary Education, Board of Education, Northern Baptist Convention GOOD READING FOR ADULT the hardships and dangers of ans in Oklahoma, Miss Craw- AND YOUNG PEOPLE pioneer missionaries. ford was able to adapt herself Ramona, by Helen Hunt Jackson. A Candle in the Mist, by Florence to conditions and was always Little, Brown, 1912. $2.50. First Crannell Means. Houghton Mifflin, able to see the silver lining of published in 1884. 1931. $2.00. every cloud.

The romance of an Indian This. is a challenging pioneer Indian Heroes and Great Chieftains, girl brought up on a great story dedicated to girls. It por- by Charles A. Eastman. Little, Spanish estate who chooses the trays the courageous and re- Brown, 1918. $1.75. life of her own people. This ligious spirit of the men and American classic has had more The author, a full-blooded than one hundred and thirty women who pushed the fron- Sioux, interprets in an unusual printings, and has been shown tiers far to the westward, and way the Indian traits and charin three separate moving-pic- brings in experiences of these acter. This volume contains the ture dramas. The story has pioneers with the Indians of stories of fifteen Indian chiefs, undying qualities as a work of the Northwest. all of whom were strong, brave literary art. men. Some of them were American, The Life Story of a Great Red Men on the Bighorn, by Coe famous scouts and warriors Indian, by Frank B. Linderman. Hayne. Judson Press, 1929. $1.00. while all were mighty hunters. 1930. John Day Edition $3.50, School Edition, World Book Com- The life story of Plenty They endured hardship and at- pany. $1.60. Crows (John Frost), the Crow tained fearlessness, courage, Indian pastor in Montana. This energy, and physical strength. The story of Plenty Coups, is a true account of an Indian Of interest to both adults and Chief of the Crows, who before who as a boy made a vow to young people. his recent death was called the avenge his father's death. Comgreatest living Indian chief. It ing into contact with mission- Indian Heroes, by J. Walker McSpadis by an author who lived ary teachers, under the Chris- den. Crowell Co., 1928. $2.00. among Indians more than forty tian influences, his whole life years whose purpose was "that purpose was changed, and for Another series of stories of a genuine record of his life many years this sturdy Indian Indians somewhat better known might be preserved." has given himself to pastoral than those of the preceding duties within his tribe. This is volume. The book tries to give Women of Trail and Wigwam, by a character-building story of the Red Man's side of the story. Flora Warren Seymour, Woman's victory through Christ. The author's purpose was to Press, 1930. Paper $1.00. have the tales follow in chron- A Jolly Journal, by Isabel Crawford. ological order, thus enabling Sketches of Indian women Revell, 1932. $1.50. him to give a continuous picwho have made names for ture of Indian affairs from the themselves in history and liter- This book gives an insight days of the earliest settlement ature. Stories of bravery and into the life of a pioneer down to our own time. patience, of war and peace, of aid to explorer and captives, preacher and teacher through The Dragon Fly of Zuni, by Alida are woven together in these a journal kept by his daughter Sims Malkus. Harcourt, Brace & tales of forest and tepee. who in turn became a mission- Co., 1928. $2.50. ary to the Indians. Always able This charming story of We Must March, by Honore Willsie to see the funny side of even Squash Blossom, "the fairest Morrow. Morrow Co. $2.00. Edi- serious or provoking situations, of the maids of Zuiii," gives a tion by Stokes Co., 1925. 75 cents. the author of these fascinating great deal of information con- pages will keep the reader . cerning the customs and tradi- This thrilling story of the smiling if not c h u c k lin g tions of the tribe. The author work of Marcus Whitman and t h r 0 ugh the entire book. knows the Indians of the his bride among the Northwest- Whether in a pioneer town in Southwest so well that the ern Indians makes very real North Dakota, or among Indi- reader is carried into the desert [461 ]

country of New Mexico and sic. It contains the music for Study Books made to see both the homes several Indian songs. and the people. Three Arrows: The Young Buffalo Torchlights to the Cherokees, by Hunter, by E. Ryerson Young. Mis- For Study and Reference Robert Sparks Walker. Macmillan sionary Education Movement, 1932. Co., $3.00. 1931. Cloth, $1.00; paper, 75 cents. Facing the Future in Indian Missions. The story of the Brainerd A story of thrilling interest Pilgrim Press, 1932. Cloth, $1.00; Mission to the Cherokee Indi- based on conditions in the early ans, founded in 1816, and days of Indian missions. Helps paper, 60 cents. broken up when the Cherokees will be prepared for study were forced to give up their courses on this book. Part 1. A Social Outlook on Indian land and move westward. The author had access to many orig- The Indian How Book, by Arthur Missions, by Lewis Meriam, Tech- inal letters and documents and Parker. Doran, 1927. $2.50. the book is a new chapter in nical Director, Survey of Indian the history of Tennessee and This is full of slJggestions Georgia . for Boy Scouts. The art of Affairs, Institute for Government making many different objects, The Winnebago Finds a Friend, by descriptions of Indian dress Research, Brookings Institute. Arthur V. Casselman. Heidelburg and ornaments, ceremonies and Press, 1932. Paper only, 50 cents. mysteries are only part of the Part II. The Church and the Indian, topics treated in a most in- This is an intensely interest- teresting and practical way. By George W. Hinman, formerly ing story of the history of the Winnebago Indians, especially FOR JUNIORS Director of Survey of Indian those residing in Wisconsin; the story of the life and work Waterless Mountain, by Laura A. Work, American Missionary As- of the Stucki family; the mis- Armer. Longmans Green, 1931. .sociation. sion at Black River Falls and $3.00. – school at Neillsville. This gives a vivid picture of An interesting and thought- The American Indian on the New the family and tribal life of a Trail, by Thomas C. Moffett. Mis- Navajo boy. It is beautifully provoking study of the varied sionary Education Movement, 1914. illustrated and compels a new $1.00. (Out of print.) appreciation of a side of Indian work and the vital problems of nature with which Juniors are This former study book con- not too well acquainted-his Christian missions among the tains a great deal of valuable love of nature and his intimate information. It reviews the knowledge of wild life around Indians by two outstanding au- primitive conditions and in- him. A delightful book. herited faith of the Red Man, thorities. and then outlines his new en- The Magic Trail, by Grace Moon. vironment and the influence of Doubleday, Doran, 1929. $2.00. Indian Americans, by Winifred Hul- Christian civilization, showing bert. Pilgrim Press, 1932. Cloth, that the American Indian is in- A junior story by the author $1.00; paper, 60 cents. deed "on the New Trail." of Chi-Wee, full of adventure as Kawani and his sister Yazhe An expression of the thought FOR INTERMEDIATE BOYS follow the magic trail over and aspirations of the young hills, desert, mesas and canyons Indians of many tribes. Writ- AND GIRLS in search for their missing ten as the result of extensive father. Illustrated. travel for the purpose of The Boy's Life of Kit Carson, by gathering material for this vol- Flora Warren Seymour. Cloth $2.00. Totem Tales, by Warren E. Crane. ume. Century, 1929. Revell, 1932. $1.50.

The Story of the Red Man, by Flora An interesting biography This is a book of Indian Warren Seymour. Longmans. $5.00. which brings out admirably the legends, delightfully written. qualities that have made Kit A history of Indian people Carson a favorite hero of boys. For Study by an author who has been on the Board of Indian Commissionersand has done much writing in this field. Excellent for reference purposes.

The Red Man in the United States, by G. E. E. Lindquist. Doubleday Doran, 1923. $3.50.

An intimate study of the social, economic, and religious life of the American Indian. Contains a brief statement concerning nearly every tribe in the United States and mission work being done among them.

Problems of Indian Administration, Winning the Oregon Country, by John Many Moons Ago and Now, by Kath- by Lewis Meriam and Associates. T. Faris. Missionary Education arine Gladfelter. Missionary Edu- Brookings Institute, 1928. $5.00. Movement, 1911. 60 cents. cation Movement, 1932. Cloth, $1.00; paper, 75 cents. A valuable reference book Another stirring tale of adgiving in detail the findings of venture, featuring the Lewis Contains stories, lesson plans a survey of Indian Administra- and Clark Expedition, the J a- and suggestions for activities. tion. son Lee Volunteers, the work of Marcus Whitman and his FOR PRIMARY CHILDREN The American Indians and Their associates in the Northwest. Music, by Frances Densmore. Wom- The story of the Indians trav- Two Little Navajos, by Hoffman Bir- an's Press, 1926. $2.50. eling two thousand miles for ney. Penn Pub. Co., 1931. $1.50. a book is retold in this book. An excellent resource on In- A colorful story of a little dian history, customs, and mu- Navajo brother and sister who

WHAT TO READ ON THE AMERICAN INDIAN

learn to work as well as play ADDITIONAL BOOKS ALSO WORTH READING the games of their tribe. Suggested by M. K. SNIFFEN The Vanishing Race, by Joseph Dixon. The Pilgrim's Party, by Sadyebeth Doubleday Page, 1913. $3.50. and Anson Lowitz. Richard R. Secretary of the Indian Rights Smith, 1931. $1.50. Association, Philadelphia The Soul of the Indian, by Chas. A. Eastman. Houghton Mifflin, 1911. Before children can read The American Indian. An introduc- $1.00. words, they read pictures. Here tion to the Anthropology of the is the true story of the coming New World by Clark Wissler, Cu- The Indian of Today, by Geo. Grinof the Pilgrims, amusing and rator of Anthropology in the Amer- nell. Duffield & Co., 1911. $1.50. graphic, making us friends of ican Museum of Natural History, (Out of print.) both Pilgrims and Indians. A New York City. Oxford University book for little brothers as well Press, 1922. Famous Indian Chiefs, by C. H. L. as big sisters. Johnston. L. C. Page & Co., 1909. In the first thirteen chapters $1.50. For Study of this book the author gives a general idea of the life of the Ligh~s and Shad?ws of A Long Children of the Great Spirit, by Indians who inhabited the con':' EpIscopate, by BiShop H. B. Whip- Florence C. Means and Frances tinents of North and South ple. Macmillan, 1902. $2.00. Somers Riggs, specialists in pri- America when discovered by mary work. Missionary Education the white man. Although very The In~ian and His Problems, by Movement, 1932. Cloth,· $1.00; readable it is written from a FranCIS E. Leupp. Scribners, 1910. paper, 75 cents. stri~tly scientific point of view. $2.00. (Out of print.) Contains stories, lesson plans The Story of the Indian, by George What the White Race May Learn and suggestions for worship Bird Grinnell. Appleton and Co., From the Indian, by Geo. W. James. and activities. 1921. Forbes & Co.

Indian Playmates of Navajo Land, by Through description and Marcus. Whitman, by Myron Eells. Ethel M. Baader. Missionary Edu- stories, often quite detailed, HarrIman. cation Movement, 1932. Cloth, 75 Grinnell gives an excellent idea cents. of the life and customs of the The Middle Five Indian Boys at Indians of the plains and more School, by Francis LaFlesche (an An excellent course on one western parts of the continent .Indian author). Small, Maynard. of the most important Indian before they were materially aftribes. fected by white contacts. LIfe and Labors of Bishop Hare, by M. A. DeW. Howe. Sturgis and SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL The Red Man in the New World Walton, 1911. $2.50. Drama, by Jennings C. Wise. Teaching Pictures on the American Roberts Co., Washington, D. C., The American Indian, by W. K. Indian, eight pictures 11 x 14. 50 1931. Moorehead. cents. "A Politico-Legal Study with A Century of Dishonor, by Helen Indians of the Southwest Picture a Pageantry of American In- Hunt Jackson. Little, Brown & Co., Sheet. 25 cents. dian History." 1885. $1.50.

American Indian Picture Sheet. 25 The Navajo Indians, by Mary Roberts The Indian Dispossessed, by S. K. cents. Coolidge and Dane Coolidge. Hough- Humphrey. ton, Mifflin, 1931. North American Picture Map, to be My Friend The Indian, by James Mc. colored by the children. 50 cents. History of the Navajos by Laughlin. Houghton, Mifflin & Co., well-qualified authors based on 1910. $2.50. American Indian Insert Sheet for literature, interviews, and the Same, to be used by groups study- examination of culture prod- American (The Story of a Great ing the American Indian. 10 cents. ucts. Indian), by Frank B. Linderman. (These may be obtained from the The Rain Makers-Indians of Arizona Famous Chiefs I Have Known, by Missionary Education Movement.) and New Mexico, by Mary Roberts Maj.-Gen. O. O. Howard. Coolidge. Houghton Mifflin Co., PLAYS 1929. The League of the Iroquois, by Lewis Henry Morgan. Two Thousand Miles For a Book, by Deals largely with the Pueb- Helen L. Willcox. 25 cents. los, their history, social life, Indians of the Painted Desert Region, arts and industries, ceremonies, by Geo. Wharton James. Where the Trails Cross, by Anne etc. Some attention to other Charlotte Darlington. 15 cents. Indians of the Southwest. Soine Memories of a Soldier, by Maj.- Gen. H. L. Scott. Hiawatha Dramatized. March Bros. The Cheyenne Indians, by George 40 cents. Arranged from Longfel- Bird Grinnell (2 yols.) Indians of the Enchanted Desert, by low's masterpiece. Leo Crane. An intimate study of one of Indian Tableaux, by Anita B. Ferris. the group of the plains. The Land of Journey's Ending, by Mary American Missionary Association. style is largely that of detailed Austin. 15 cents. description and story. Old Indian Trails, by Walter Mc- Marcus Whitman's Call, by Anna C. Clintock. Swain. Baptist Dept. of Missionary Education. 15 cents. Story of the American Indian, by Paul Radin. Boni and Liveright. School Days in Oklahoma, by Helen $5.00. L. Willcox. Baptist Dept. of Mis- sionary Education. 15 cents. Kootenai Why Stories, by Frank B. Linderman.

Zuni Tales, by Aileen Nusbaum.

Skunny Wundy and Other Indian Tales, by Arthur C. Parker.

The Basket Woman, by Mary Austin.

The Indian's Book, by Natalie Curtis. Harper Bros. $7.50.

Pioneer Days in the Early Southwest, by Grant Foreman.

Oregon Trail, by Francis Parkman.

Joe Pete, by Florence McClinchey.

Holt & Co. Missionary Explorers Among the American Indians, by M. G. Humphreys. Scribners, 1913.

GENERAL BOOK JlEVIEWS know the real problems of mis- inspiring story. The ground has The Foreign Missionary. By Arthur sions and to study the issues in- been covered in other books, for Judson Brown. New Edition. 8 vo. volved in them; candidates for the literature of the subject 412 pp. $2.00. Fleming H. Revell missionary service wanting in- has become voluminous; but Co. New York. 1932. formation about the work to the author has told it again in which they look forward; mis- a fresh and effective way and This is one of the best mis- sion study classes and all friends sionary books that has ever be~n and enemies of the foreign mis- brought the record down to sionary enterprise, should read date. The book contains much written. It appeared first m and reflect upon this honest, excellent material and the thir- sensible, competent book. teen a p pen d ice s present a e1d9i0t7i~nandwtihthis is the thirteenth wealth and variety of statistical revisions. Its ROBERT E. SPEER. information. nineteen chapters cover the Hudson Taylor's Legacy. Edited by Dr. Clark, who writes on Marshall Broomhall. 12 mo. 167 whole range of missionary pur- "RELIGIONS OF OLD KOREA," is pose, admini~trat~on and r~la­ tionships, whlCh It ~reats WIth abundant authoritatIve knowl- pp. 2s 6d. China Inland Mission, already favorably known to edge and with wise an~ sure London. 1932. readers of missionary literature judgment. The book I~ not through his former books: academic theorizing and It be- Few men combine the spirit- "The First Fruits in Korea" ual insight and temporal wis- and "Korea and the Nevius longs to a different class froI? dom, the faith and the courage~ Methods" as well as through the superficial missionary arti- the humility and strength of numerou's articles in the re- mind, the passion for souls and ligious press. The present cles and volumes which are too the administrative ability that volume consists of lectures decommon. From fruitful pastor- characterized Hudson Taylor, livered at four theological semiates in which he was in contact the founder of the China Inland naries during his furlough in with the problems of Christian- Mission. He saw a vision and America. They so impressed was moved with compassion; he the faculties and students that ity in America Dr. Brown came heard a call and responded; he their publication in permanent to the Secretaryship of the was tested in many ways and form was una n i m 0 u sly re- stood true; Many in every land, quested. Dr. Clark is a ~is­ Presbyte<rian Board of Foreign old and young, rich and poor, sionary of the PresbyterIan Missions in 1895. He has been have been stirred in like manall his life a tireless student of ner through the spiritual mes- Church, South, .an.d has writte.n missions and for thirty-four sages and experiences that he shares with them. Some of his out of a rich mISSIOnary expenyears he was one of our ablest wonderful insight into truth, ence of thirty years. He has and most responsible mISSIon- and fellowship with God, are added to heavy and exacting ary administrators. He has promised in this volume, which labors as an evangelist, and is published on the centenary of professor of practical theology written here out of full and ade- Hudson Taylor's birth. The in the Presbyterian Theological quate study of missions at first chapters include extracts from Seminary at Pyengyang, a pro- addresses and Bible studies; leshand both on the field and in the sons from his rich experiences found study of the religions work of administration at home. and glimpses of the abiding fruit which Christianity encounters of his labors. in Korea-B u d d his m, Con- If Dr. Brown were rewriting fucianism, S ham ani s m, and Korea, The Hermit Nation and Its Re- various minor cults. His point his book entirely today there sponse to Christianity. By T. Stan- of view is that of a conservawould undoubtedly be some re- ley Soltau. 123 pp. 3s. 6d. World tive evangelical missionary who shadings and rearrangement· of Dominion Press, London. wisely sees that "The religions of the various countries of the perspective; but the fundamen- Religions of Old Korea. By Charles world are not made-to-order, tal things would be unaltered. Allen Clark. 295 pp. $2.50. Revell. mechanical things, nor concoc- He is ready for new methods New York. 1932. tions of witch doctors or priests for their own private profit and and changed adjustments but Korea is one of the younger benefit. They are the various the central things he would not missionary fields. It lacks two ways in which men have tried change. To hi~ Ch~istian~ty years of its first half century to explain or understand the is a real and solId thmg WIth and some of its pioneer mis- universe, and the ways by roots in history and with its sionaries are still living. But which they have tried to adjust power in God; and he is not pre- all intelligent Christians know themselves to ultimate reality." pared to have it remodeled for of the wonderful work for It is an able and scholarly work, any temporary caprice. He Christ that has been done in thoroughly documented, with Korea and that is going on with several illustrations, three apknows what the aims of foreign unabated vigor. In the first of pendices, an extensive biblimissions should be and would the two volumes mentioned ography, and a careful index. have the enterprise clearly dis- above, Mr. Soltau, a member of the Pre s b y t e ria n mission, A. J. B. cern and unceasingly fulfill. this U. S. A., since 1914, tells the aim 'of making Jesus Christ known to men as their Saviour and the world's Saviour, and of establishing living Christian Churches.

Ministers wanting missionary sermons; laymen desiring to

Books Obituary Notes "I

Christian Education in Japan-Report Rev. Edward Marsden, Presbyterian I had a of the Commission on Christian missionary at Metlakatla, Alaska, Education. Maps and Charts. 247 died there May 7. Mr. Marsden, son Prodigy pp. International Missionary Coun- of a chief .of the Tsimpshean tribes, cil. New York. 1932. was said to be the first convert of for a William Duncan, missionary from Ling-Yang. Ethel T. Thompson. 96 London, who had come to Fort Simp- Child" pp. 50 cents paper; $1 cloth. Cen- son in 1856. To avoid the evil in- tral Committee. North Cambridge. fluence of heathen practices "Father" '·1 thou~ht I had a prodigy for. child," • mother 1932. Duncan withdrew with his group of wrote us. 'But when I found that other children Christians to Metlakatla, 17 miles studying at home accomplished the stlme results and Lady Fourth Daughter of China. south of Fort Simpson, and in this with ease, I knew it was your Calvert Course and . Mary B. Hollister. 237 pp. 50 Christian community Edward Mars- methods." cents paper; 75 cents cloth. Central den grew up. He came under the Committee. No. Cambridge. 1932. influence of Sheldon Jackson and Calvert School trove Is to children oil over the dedicated himself to the ministry, world to give them, wherever they mdY live, eU thorough Living Issues in China. Henry T. studying in the United States and dn elementary education as children attending the Hodgkin. 215 pp. 60 cents paper; graduating from Marietta College and Calvert Day School in Boltimore, Maryland. It come, $1 cloth. Friendship Press. New Lane Seminary. He later developed to your home, bringing with it interesting bookst York. 1932. the church at Metlakatla, of which he pictures, new read ins devices and up-to-d.ste equip- became pastor in 1920. ment-everything the child needs for any Yea's work. Modern India. Sir John Cumming. The lessons ore clearly outlined step by step, and 304 pp. $1.50. Oxford University *** interesting to both parent ond child. Press. London. 1932. Principal Dugald McKichan, former- The knowledge of Calvert troined boys ond girl, Rainbow Empire. Stuart Bergsma. ly of Bombay and ex-Moderator of the impresses people-and impresses their tedchers later 294 pp. $3. Eerdmans Pub. Co. Church of Scotland, died recently. He when they finolly toke their place in high or preporotory Grand Rapids. 1932. was a missionary statesman under school. There is the usual elementory educotion, whose administration Wilson College, also rich training In cultural 41nd scientific subjects. Religious Education in Rural Church- Bombay, grew into a bulwark not of Scores of miSSionaries, exchange doctors, parents in es. Henry W. McLaughlin. 220 pp. faith alone, but of civilization in the the diplomatic service, h.ve enrolled their children, $1.50. Revell. New York. 1932. Eastern Empire. and found them wei equipped to enter hieh or pre:pdratory school on their return to the United States. Songs of Life. Henry Watson Frost. ** * There have been so manr of these enrolments thot now 120 pp. $1.25. Loizeaux Bros. there are Calvert Schoo centers in foreign fields. New York. 1932. Rev. William Walton Clark, D. D., a well known Bible teacher and for The full course begins with the first grade and Salting the Earth. H. & H. F. Top- ten years the Field Secretary of the carries through six years till hiSh school. It moy be ping. 38 pp. 20 cents. H. Top- Board of Domestic Missions of the taken os 0 whole or in port-ot 0 complete cost of $40 ping. Reformed Church, died on May 12th. a year, the school furnishing all lessons dnd materials. Persondl criticism of pupil's work by Cdlvert tedchers Silver and Gold. E. F. E. Wigram. *** $20 odditional. Kinders.rten courses ore avoil.ble 132 pp. $1. Church Missionary So- for use by individuals at $10.50, or in groups at ciety. London. 1932. Dr. Samuel D. Price, Business Sec- reduced cost. retary of the WorId's Sunday School The Partiality of Jesus. E. C. Com- Association, died of heart trouble at V. M. Hillyer, founder of Calvert Home Instruction fort. 154 pp. $1.25. Eerdmans his home in Montclair, N. J., on May School, wrote "A Child's History", "A Child', Pub. Co. Grand Rapids. 1932. 17th. Dr. Price has been a member Geography"-successful books imbued with the chorm of the official staff of the World's Sun- and appeal thot enliven all Colvert home lessons. Three Arrows. E. Ryerson Young. day School Association since 1917, Use the coupon for full information. 183 pp. $1 cloth; 75 cents paper. coming from successful Presbyterian Friendship Press. New York. 1932. pastorates at Shrewsbury and Cam- CALVERT SCHOOL, den, N. J. He received the A. B. The Advance Guard-200 Years of degree from New York University in 187 E. Tuscany Rood, Baltimore, Md. Moravian Missions. 95 pp. Mora- 1893 and the B. D. and A. M. degrees vian Book Room. London. 1932. from Princeton Theological Seminary Please send me full information, including" sample in 1896. In 1917, New York Univer- lesson. The Mother. Yusuke Tsurumi. 287 sity conferred upon him the honorary pp. $2.50. Rae D. Henkle. New degree of Doctor of Divinity. NAME …….. . York. 1932. Dr. Price gave his principal atten- ADDRESS … Under the Southern Cross. John tion to finance and pUblicity work for Christiansen. 220 pp. Scandinavi- the Association. Dr. Price also found Personal Items an Alliance. Chicago. time to serve as a member of the Lord's Day Alliance of New Jersey, (Continued from 2d Cover) The World's Danger Zone. Sherwood the New Jersey Christian Endeavor Eddy. 119 pp. $1. Farrar & Union and the International Council Dr. J. H. Rushbrooke, General Sec- Rhinehard. New York. 1932. of Religious Education. He has retary of the Baptist World Alliance, served since 1901 as the Recording left England on June 30th for Aus- World Pictures in the New Testament. Secretary of the New Jersey Council tralia and New Zealand. A. T. Robertson. 451 pp. $3.50. of Religious Education. Long & Smith. New York. 1~32. *** *** When Jew:s Face Christ. Edited by H. S. Ferguson, of the China In- Henry Einspruch. 188 pp. The Rev. Dr. David Matthis Sweets, land Mission, was captured by brig- Mediator. Baltimore. 1932. editor of "The Christian Observer" ands early in May and is still being and a minister of the Southern held captive. Earnest, definite prayer Youth and Creative Living. C. P. Presbyterian Church, died of a heart is asked for his release. Maus. 167 pp. $1.25. Long & attack at his home in Louisville, Ky., Smith. New York. 1932. June 8th. He was sixty-four years· Conditions in the province of Kansu old. At the time of his death he was are very difficult. Along one of the Brothers of the Lotus Buds. Godfrey a trustee of the General Assembly of main highways all the wells have been Webb-Peploe. 150 pp. 28., 6d. S. the Presbyterian Church in the United destroyed so that travel is impossible. P. C. K. London. 1932. States and of Center College. Moslem robbers are also very active, making missionary work hazardous. Everyland Children-Ah Fu and Me Despite these dangers, workers con- Too. Lucy W. Peabody. 56 pp. tinue to make every effort to reach 25 cents. Central Committee. No. the people and reinforcements have Cambridge. 1932. been sent by the C. I. M, to the sta- tions within its borders. Christianity and the New WOrld. F. R. Barry. 317 pp. $3. Harpers. New York. 1932.

Cameos of Our Lord: Pen Pictures of the Glories of the Matchless Man of Galilee. Robert Lee. 191 pp. 3s. Pickering & Inglis. London. 1932.

THE MOSLEM

SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, Editor SOME ARTICLES IN THE JULY NUMBER:· Hurgronje's "Mekka" .•.•.•..••••.•••.•••••••••••••.•••••.••….•.. Samuel M. Zwemer The Wahhabis and Ibn Sa'ud ••.•••….•.•• " •………••….••……••••• W. F. Smalley c. Medievalism in Arabia ….•.•••.••.•.••.•.•••.•..•.•……..••••.••••• S. G. Mylrea The Dragon's Teeth in Macedonia .•.•••••.•••••.•.•••••..•••..••..•.•.••. George Stewart The Martyrs of Nejran ..••.•.••.•••••.•.•••••.•••••••.•.••..•••..•.•. W. G. Greenslade Work Among the Blind in Egypt •••••.•••••••••••••••••••••..•••.••.•••.•• Gindi Ibrahim The Passion Play of Islam ••••••.••..•.•.•••.•.••..•.••••..•••.•.••..••• An Eye-Witness A Turkish Evangelist in Bulgaria …•……..••.••..•.•.••..•.•••…..•.. Stephan ThornoFf Hindu-Moslem Relations in India •.•…•••.•.•.•.•.•••…•••.••••..•••.•.. B. C. Ishwardas Current Topics • . . Book Reviews • • • Survey of Periodicals » SUBSCRIBE TODAY « Address THE MOSLEM WORLD 156 Filth Avenue N.w York Cily Single Copies! 50C'i Annudl Subscription, $2.00i in Combindtion with the REVIEW, $3.50 MARSHALL. MORGAN .. SCOTT. 12 Pel.rno,ler Building•• London Price in Gre.1 Briteln. Eishl Shilling•• nel Moslem Opposition Is Yielding Before Christian Testimony The Good News of Christ interpreted to Moslems through the Christian life and literature is winning a hearing for the Gospel in many lands.

Will you help to supply this much needed Christian literature for millions who have never heard this Good News-in Egypt Syria Irak Chine Morocco Palestine Persia Jaye Algiers Turkey India Tunis Arabia Malaysia Sumatra South Africa Send your help to the missionaries in these countries through The American Christian literature Society For Moslems Cooperating with Interdenominational Committees on the field.

BOARD OF MANAGERS William I. Chdmberldin, Ph.D., President . . . Dr. Robert E. Speer! Deldvdn L. Pierson! of New York, Vice-Presidents Mrs. Willidm Bdncroft Hill, Honorary Vice-President Mrs. Willidm Borden Mrs. J. M. Montgomery Rev. Ernest W. Riggs Mrs. Finley J. Shepard Dr. James Cdntine, Cor. Sec. Mrs. E. E. Olcott, Treds. Rev. Robert W. Searle, D.D. Rev. Mills J. Tdylor, D.D.

Rev. Thomds S. Donohugh Dr. John H. Rdven Rev. A. C. Snead Rev. S. M. Zwemer, D.D.

Gifts may be sent to The Treasurer at 116 East 68th St., New York City. Apply for information to THE MOSLEM WORLD, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York.

The Missionary Review of the World — November 1931

THOUSANDS OF VILLAGES WER}: FLOODED IN

lINlIIlIIlIIlIIlIIlIIIIIIII_IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII'I_ _IIIIIIIIIIIIIII~IIIIIIIIIIII_!II TheyAre Thanking God Because they were CURED o/LEPROSY and are now happily attending school, preparing for lives of useful service.

To Save Such as These Are Not Such Lives Worth Sa(ling? The American Mission to Lepers, cooperating with governments and all churches, is helping to maintain 150 Leper Homes in 40 countries- But There Is Desperate Need to extend these healing benefits to all lepers.

JUST A LITTLE FROM YOU will help stretch forth the hand of mercy to those who are still hope- less outcasts.

WHAT YOUR American Mission to Lepers, Inc. Room 1119K, 156 Fifth Ave., DOLLARS WILL DO: New York $40-Complete care of a I enclose $ to help save a leper's leper for a year. life.

$30-The same for a leper Name child. Address $10-Medical treatments for two years, suf- o Please send information regarding ficient to cure an "early" case. your annuity plan.

$5-Food for a leper for two months.

$3-A pair of blankets.

Please mention THE M]SSIO:AR¥ REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writine to advertisers. MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD DIILAVAN L. PIIlBBON, Editor CONTENTS-November, 1931 Paue WHOM SHALL WE SEND …..•…..

••.•••••••.•••••• • PAUL W. HARRISON 805 A MINISTER OF HEALING …..•….

• •.•••••••••••••• SAMUEL GUY INMAN 81:!

~IIAI,L WE REVIVE THE LAYMEN .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CORNEJ,ruS H. I'A'rTux H1U THE WORLD STEWARDSHIP CONFER· ENCE •••.•..••. DAVID MCCONAUGHY k19 'l'HE WORKING MAN AND THE CHURCH ……. EDGAR lIf. WAHLBERG 822 A MINISTER SOLVES UNEMPLOy· MENT …………….. . . . .. . .. . .. 826 HELPING HOMELESS WORKERS …• · ……………… ADELA J. BALLARD 827 HOW MISSIONARIES USE THE RADIO outstanding • •••••••••••••••••• HUBijRT W. PEET 882 TOt:lRIST CABIN THE FORWARD MOVEMENT IN JA· PAN …………. TOYOHIKO KAGAWA 836 when you …

~[ISSIONARY LTFE IN AFRICA AND AMERICA ……….. I,ILLJAN OYLER 841 WHY GIVE THE GOSPEl, TO TIlE MORMONS …… WH,J,l"" E. LA RllK HH EDITORIALS ………••………… + T"ans-Pacific travel can HARASSED CHINA IN A TROUBl.ED VORLD offer no finer lower·cost accommodations than 'rHE FLOOD AND MISSIONS IN CHINA "Empress" Tourist Cabin. Spacious, comforta. }I'LEAUNG H. REVELL ble ••• with Empress cuisine and service ..• and KAGAWA'S MIlSSAGE TO AMERICA a congenial, informal air all its own. All Em. 'fHE COST OF WAft presses have, of course, lnxurious First Class. An unusually fine Third Cabin, too. METHODS FOR WORKERS ……… . …… . EDITED BY MRS. F'. L JOH"SOX 850 Choose from two routes. Via Honolulu sail Empress of Japan, largest, fastest liner on the W~~ii? ~?~~. ~~~. :'?~.~I.~~. ::~~'.- S55 Pacific, and luxurious Empress of Canada, con. necting there with Sau Francisco and Los WORLD WIDE OUTLOOK •…•..•…. 861 Angeles sailings. On Direct Express Route, Empress of Asia and Empress of Russia. Rec. BOOKS WORTH READING ……….. 877 ord speed on both routes-from Vancouver (where trains go (Ureet to shipe,s" side) and TERMS.-$2.50 a year. ($2.00 In clubs ot Victoria. live.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Singi. copl.a, 25 cents. Published monthly. Copyrighted, Information, rates and reservations from your own agent or Canadian Pacific: New York, 1931. by MISSIONARY R:mVIJIlW PUBf.ISHING COM- Chicago, Montreal and 32 other cities in U. S. and Canada. PANY. INC. All rights reserved. CANADIAN 'l'HE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING PACIFIC . ……. TO THE COMPANY, INC.

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Ph~ase mention THE MISSIONARY RmVIEW 011' TUm WORr~D In wrltJnJ: to nrlvertJsPJ's. What Is New in the Foreign Field?

BOOKS YOU REALLY OUGHT TO READ Ellasue Wagner Charles Allen Clark, Korea: The Old Ph.D. and the New Religions of A picture of present-day Old Korea Korea in a day of radical Studies by Prof. Clark of change and transition, in the Presbyterian Theo- which a constant blend- logical Seminary of Ko- ing-an assimilation of rea written from thirty the new by the old-is in years of painstaking re- unending process. Fully search. $2.50 illustrated. $1.50 John T. Faris Sir William Wanless Seeing The Mira; Medical South America Mission The author of "Seeing the Far West," etc., weaves a An important missionary bright, chatty, personal narrative-intimate, endocument by Sir William EXItED WITH FAMILY••• chanting, alluring-which brings South America Wanless, who was the Illustrated, $3.00 right to our Northern doors. Illustrated. $2.50 recognized dean of the Ethel Cody medical mission workers Chinese Twice-Born Higginbottom in that field of Christian Charles Ernest Scott, D.D.

service in India, and is The author of "China from With- in" gives us a group of authentic, the record of his personal individual records, each and all of which discover the Gospel of salvaexperience. $1.50 tion, operative in the life of a Chi- nese Christian. Introduction by Stacy R. Warburton Charles G. Trumbull, Litt.D. $1.50. Bells of India The Making of The Words of God Stories of the Great Pen- Modern Missions in An AFrican Forest: insula. The author, wife A notable and valuable of Sam Higginbottom, of addition to the literature the American Presbyteof Christian Missions, by rian Mission, Allahabad, the Professor of Christian Missions in Berkeley Th. Story of the West African Mission makes the Eastern bells Baptist Divinity School, the keynote of her sheaf Berkeley, Calif. $1.50 of charming tales which W. Reginald Wheeler reflect the spirit and at- The Secretary for Africa, Presbyte- mosphere of India. $1.50 Albert D. Helser, dan Board of Foreign Missions, WMauhdeereWD. aMyDadadwenns M.A., F.R.G.S. gives us a deeply-interesting docu- ment-part history, part personal A J a pan e s e Reader.

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LIV. No.n November

WHOM SHALL WE SEND;.?.'

BY PAUL W. HARRISON, M.D., Muscat, Arabia T HE~E is no subject of great- discuss it here. Preparation is er I~portance ~or all who seventy-five per cent of the reason . a;e mterested. m carrying for success or the failure, and re- ChrIst s message out mto the dark ceives little attention, whereas the place~ of the earth, than that of the technical and intellectual training s~lectI?n and pre!>aration of mis- which counts for twenty-five per SlOnarieS for servIce. cent, receives almost all the atten- As we have said, the object of tion. Here we will discuss the missionary work is to produce a other factors in preparation.

spiritual result over in Japan and The object of missionary work China and India and Arabia and is to go out and put Christ into other fields. Therefore it is most men's hearts, the hearts of those important to discuss the way to ;-vho are now preoccupied with prepare for the spiritual work that Idols of extraordinary strength, lies ahead. Technical theological ~~o are at present devotees of re- training is not ninety per cent of hglOUS systems that hold them with what is necessary for success out a tenacity that is very difficult to there, nor even fifty per cent. That represent. Missionary work is not is true of pedagogical 01' medical easy work-not because the clitraining too. Technical prepara- mate ~s bad, or health conditions tion is of importance and we should are dIfficult, but because we are prepare for the best possible work dealing with men whose hearts are but, nevertheless, we go out to th~ occupied by some other god. The mission fields first of all to bring people are .amalgamated into sysmen to Christ and to bring Christ te?Is. It IS not as though you to men. For the accomplishment trIed to shovel pebbles out of a of that purpose, all that we learn loose pile. With most of the peo- in classrooms here is less than fifty pIe among whom we work, for in- per cent of what makes for suc- stance: in Arabia, in the castes of cess or for failure over there. India, and in China, it is as though Important as this matter is, I there ~as been. liquid cement do not think that, within the last poured mto that.pIle. of pebbles and five years, it has been discussed in they are held lIke Iron; you can any convention or any course of hardly ~et more t~an a few of them study in any institution with which loose wIth dynamIte. r r am acquainted, as am going to ton• TSheemilnaasrty,ofFeabrsuearireys, of lectures ILt Prince· 1981, SOS

On the mission field we work do it? The people that God wants against spiritual forces of extraor- out there, and nobody else. While dinary power. We do not just go we ought to urge men to think out there to wheel baby carriages about the mission field and to go up and down the street; we work out if God wants them, we ought against very powerful systems, and also to urge them to stay at home because of that we should recog- unless they are convinced God nize that the work is exceedingly wants them to go out there. The difficult. That adds force to the first element in our preparation is statement that we go out there to an unshakable conviction that God do a spiritual work. Multi-million- wants us to work out there. That aires might go there together and is not saying how God will guide could not produce one convert with us to such a conviction. We are all their money. We need money, not looking for an audible voice or but we need other things a great a supernatural miracle, but for an deal more. A wonderful piece of unshakable conviction that God acarchitecture may, in a way, ob- tually calls us to the field. That jectify the beauty of holiness and is, to my mind, an indispensable the essential loveliness of the char- element in the equipment of any acter of God, but in a place like missionary who goes out with any Arabia a building of that kind expectation or hope of success in would contribute nothing to our the spiritual work that God desires spiritual ends. to have accomplished.

Stay at Home, Unless- The second element in mission- ary preparation is an adequate What preparation should we get surrender to God's will. We enter to fit us for the work that lies into the Kingdom of God by surahead? First of all we must, of rendering ourselves to Christ, but course, be sincere Christians, but we sometimes forget that we need if we are such, how can we prepare divine grace for a continued surfor this particular work to which render. It is not sufficient to surthe Lord has called us? render today and sail out to Arabia next week. We must continually The first thing to be said is that surrender in Arabia for the next a man or woman ought not to go thirty-five years, or as long as God out into Arabia or India as a mis- keeps us there. sionary until he is convinced that the Lord wants him there. In the This second task is even more old days there may have been a difficult than the first. There are very superficial discussion of what plenty of temptations in a country constitutes a missionary call, as of that kind, especially temptations though it must be a rather super- that attack us along the line of natural manifestation. But there pride. My experience has included is some truth in that. Here is no one who has been tangled up work of exceptional difficulty and in the ordinary temptations of the of exceptional importance. The flesh. though such occur. Prob- Church of Jesus Christ is to be ably you would not be attacked on founded. We are to go out and that side. but everyone is apt to be make disciples of Christ. No work assailed by subtle temptations to in the world is comparable to that pride. It is this that wrecks us in in importance. Who is to go and Christian service nine times out of

ltl:!l] WHOM SHALL WE SEND'!

ten, The temptation comes in find the lists coincide almost with- more than one way. Here is a out any variation. Our success on woman who is offended and will the mission field will depend very not speak to her missionary col- largely upon our capacity to work.

league. What is the matter? Yes- Doctors are open to great criticism terday when other people were in- because we have felt the pulse of vited, she was left out. Her whole missionaries so much and listened impression is probably wrong but to their heart and worried about she was so offended that it took the their health until we have taught active effort of the other party to the missionary body to be afraid heal the wound, It took patience lest they work too hard. More peo- and humility and submission to un- ple come back nervously broken kindness to straighten the matter down from too little work than out. We need to be prepared for from too much. What is a stand- a continual surrender out there. ard? Why not take the common Here is a doctor. How is he go- everyday standard? A little while ing to spend his time? Will he sit ago somebody was throwing a down to do personal work with the brick at the laboring man in Amer- patients, or do some piece of lab- ica because he wanted to do less oratory wor~ which will give him a than an eight-hour day's work.

bit of reputation? This fame When we work for the Lord, let us looks like a -gorgeous jewel. He not have a standard of diligence can do this work and thereby gain that is less than the standard of a reputation; he can get back a an ordinary carpenter or electri- little that he surrendered when cian. Let the eight-hour day be he went to the field. the minimum, but not necessarily Our power in the Lord's service the maximum. I think you would is going to depend upon the depth find that many ministers would of our surrender. The difference have hard work checking up between a man who has about a against that plumb line. Most of tenth of one horsepower in his us are so afraid we will overwork, spiritual life and that other man that we let half an hour go this who has fifty horsepower, is simply way and half an hour that way to a question of the depth to which no purpose.

his surrender has reached. One of our best clergymen in Afraid of Overwork Arabia told me that he had to in- crease his activities a good deal to Now let us pass on to some reach eight actual hours at his job.

things more specific. How ean I In addition to our eight hours at prepare to be the right sort of mis- our job we will put extra time on sionary? We can train ourselves correspondence and articles for to work hard. The most plebian home papers and other accessory sin in this world is the sin of lazi- stuff as we would if we were work- ness. It is also the most common. ing over here for the Telephone If you could make a list of mission- Company. That is hard work, but aries and classify them 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, unless we can do an honest day's on the basis of their capacity for work, we need not expect the hard work at their job, and later Lord's blessing. If our mission- classify them as God judges accom- aries would work eight full hours plishment, I believe that you would a day at the job of bringing the

Gospel message to one individual In our Bahrein hospital we de- soul after another, we would begin cided to experiment. As we take to have more results. That eight down the history of a case, noting hours belongs to the Lord, it be- every day the treatment and reac- longs to the church that sent us tion, so we decided to keep a spir- out, it belongs to those church itual history of all the patients.

members who have sacrificed to We wrote down what kind of Mo- support us. It is very important hammedans they were, and how that outside our work hours we much contact they had had with maintain our touch with friends at Christ's truth-which was mostly home, if we want to retain those none. Then we treated them with friends. various kinds of spiritual medicine.

There are many things that help We tried the dogmatic and system- us save time and energy. A filing atic presentations of the Gospel; . cabinet is worth its weight in gold. God's holiness and man's sin and A half hour spent with an account- the need for a Saviour. We tried ant or in a business office, or with the historical presentation, the some stenographer can teach us prophesies about Christ and His methods and filing systems that life and death and resurrection.

will save days of work. It is worth We tried the parables, and then we while. Reduce the time spent in sometimes used to open the New accessory activity so that you have Testament at random. Each day eight hours left for the honest the results were put down. On work of bringing Christ into con- January 5th Adela was given the tact with men that need Him. parable of the prodigal. Did he A Clear Message like it? Did he understand it Z Did it make him angry? Did he If the first element in the suc- go to sleep? What did happen to cess of a missionary is his capacity him? That was all put down on the to work, then the second element record. We tried to treat every is a flexible and growing message. patient almost every day. So at Perhaps I tread upon treacherous the end of the year we had some ground in this part of the discus- interesting records to study.

sion, but I believe in the Gospel of We could only discover one as- our Lord Jesus Christ. We need to pect of the Gospel that had any study the people among whom we great appeal upon its first presen- work so that we' can present it tation, and that is the mystical as- most effectively. pect of the Gospel-the vine and The people in these lands find it the branches, the bread of life, and, difficult to understand Christ's most of all, the good shepherd.

message. Suppose I stand up and Thereafter we used that almost al- say, "Believe on the Lord Jesus ways as our initial presentation.

Christ and thou shalt be saved." "The Living Christ and Dying Those to whom I am talking do not Heathenism," by Dr. Warneck of know what I mean by "believe." the South Sea Islands reports that They have never heard of the Lord out there they found the best in- Jesus Christ. They have not the itial presentation to be the an- faintest conception of what it nouncement that those who believe means to be saved. So we seek a in Christ need not be afraid of evil simpler presentation. spirits. That is the initial presen-

WHOM SHALL WE SEND?

tation that really penetrates deep ample and work than a man has enough to be understood and ap- when he leaves the seminary. We preciated a little. The search for must have not only a flexible and a that point of contact will continue growing message but we must have as long as you are on the field. a growing understanding of Christ I remember being faced with the and His teachings for ourselves.

problem of preaching on the street I despair of any missionary be- in Bahrein which had been for- ing able to handle the situation bidden. As we took our dispensary that he meets out in Arabia, at work to different villages, we least, unless his own devotional Bi- found that at the end of the morn- ble study reveals now and then ing's work there was half an hour great magnificent jewels of truth or an hour, as we sat out next to never dreamed of before. A man the road, when a crowd of fifty to who sees no more in Christ's teach- a hundred people gathered. I used ings at the end of ten years after to open my reading with that verse his graduation here than he saw in the Sermon on the Mount: when he was graduated is no man "Lay not up for yourselves treas- for missionary work. We need the ures where moth and rust consume vitality and the freshness that we and where. thieves break through get if our own comprehension is and steal." It was a surprise to fresh and vital and growing.

those people to have that word. Without question some mission- There was no danger of their aries ought to study the religions breaking that commandment. To of the people to whom they go, but have their poverty dignified as obe- most of us are far better advised dience to a divine commandment to let that kind of study alone. It was very acceptable to them. That will be better for us if, instead of was our introduction. Then we spending hours on the study of would go on and try never to stop Hinduism or Mohammedanism, we until we had reached a discussion spent that time on the study of of the parable, "I am the good Christ's message and example and shepherd," or a discussion of the their implications and application crucifixion and the atonement. to the situations that we face; then This is what I mean by a flexible we will have a message that will or varied message. Christ was amount to something.

marvelously varied in the way he Do not waste time on the study met men. The woman at the well of Hinduism and Mohammedanism was not taught the same thing as and Buddhism, but put time on the Nicodemus or Zaccheus or the devotional and sympathetic and Pharisee who invited Jesus out to personal study of the message of dinner. We also must have an ex- Christ, so that you begin to see in ceedingly flexible message. it wonderful and magnificent Keep Up-to-Date things that were never taught you and that you can, therefore, pre- To present to different people sent to the people you meet.

that aspect of the Gospel which fits If the first element in our prep- into their minds requires a much aration is the gaining of a capacity more profound and extensive and for hard work and the second a truly sympathetic understanding of growing and flexible message, a Christ and His message, of His ex" knowledge of Christ that increases

rIlE MISSIONARY RI<;VIJ<;W OJ<' THE WOI~L

all the time, then the third, I think, sionary maintains, he would find is unquestionably the training of himself still below some Indians or ourselves in sacrifice. There we Arabs around him in a coast city.

have a difficult subject. Why does Or, if he wrapped one cloth around Mr. Gandhi have such an enormous him and ate one handful of rice a influence in India? It is not be- day, there would still be people be- cause he has such a tremendous low him. As we work from the mind or that his economic program richest down to the poorest it is commands great respect. But Mr. purely a question of judgment as Gandhi has fallen into the earth to which point in that scale we are and died so far as his own self-in- going to imitate. We can not do dulgences are concerned. Christ better than to follow the example said that if we fall into the earth of Christ. He did not go down to and die, we bring forth much fruit, the very bottom of the scale as a otherwise we do not. beggar starving in the street, How Much Sacrifice ~ nevertheless he was not a rich mil- lionaire with soft clothes and The principle of self-sacrifice is jewels. Christ set himself low in essential. I learned a lot when I the scale and there is where we first went ,out to Arabia from an ought to set ourselves.

assistant I had in the hospital who That, of course, in these days is was a converted Afghan. J alalah a most unwelcome teaching, but, and his brother Rakmandan used after all, it is Christ's own ex- to sit and talk with me. They had ample, and if we can talk with not the slightest respect for any re- those Orientals and get their reac- ligious representative whose life tion, we will recognize that they was characterized by what they at least understand this.

would interpret as self-indulgence. If we prepare to work hard at They are not worshipers of abso- our task; if we devote our whole lute ::.estheticism, but in their time to Christ and his message and mind, as in God's mind, self-indul- develop an adaptable message; if gence is the antithesis to the re- we prepare for real sacrifice, then ligious life. You cannot put the I believe we have adopted the three two in the same compartment. A elements of importance in the missionary who is self-indulgent in preparation for missionary work.

his expenditure, in what he eats I want to add one more which, per- and in what he wears; who looks haps, ought to have been put in the out on missionary life as an easy general preparation. We must thing, should stay at home. The train ourselves to pray. We often Oriental understands that when a have to pray a long time without man pretends to bring out God's seeing an answer, and it is some- message, to be a prophet with a times difficult to keep our prayers gospel, that man cannot be self-in- keen and full of faith and our at- dulgent. titude toward God as enthusiastic We must be prepared for sacri- and to realize that God is working fice. How much sacrifice? Ob- even when we can not see the re- viously, we are dealing with a sit- sults.

uation where judgments differ. It There are mission fields where would not make any difference how the answers to prayer come more expensive an establishment a mis- quickly, but there is no field where

WHOM SHALL WE SEND?

a man is safe who has not learned work includes, no doubt, many to pray. It may seem like a bit of technical things. These things are lega)ism, hut a man cannot safely more important-the capacity for come out to the mission field who hard work; much attention to does not set aside half an hour or Christ and a growing knowledge more every day to pray. It is true of Him and His message; ability that Christ sets us no such example to adapt His message to individual of mechanical regularity, but you needs; training in sacrifice; and and I live in an artificial civiliza- finally training in the art of tion and to gain any time for prayer. prayer most of us have to set aside a certain area which we rigorously Missionaries who can come out guard from other things. trained in these ways will be suc- cessful. One more word, and that I do not believe in the appoint- is, we not only must learn how to ment of missionary candidates who pray, but we need to build up at do not know how to pray. Mis- home a constituency of friends who sionaries must hold time free for will pray with us and for us. We prayer at the expense of great ef- must not come out to the missionfort for we need that time for ary field single-handed, we need at twenty other· things. That is the least a dozen or two dozen intimate fourth element in our preparation friends behind us who are going -to learn to pray. We might bet- to pray for us. Develop that kind ter fail in our other examinations of a constitutency. It is a matter than to fail to pray at least half an of the greatest importance so that hour every day. spiritual power of that entire . Preparation for missionary group may be enlisted.

PRAYING FOR MISSIONARIES BY NAME BY ADONIRAM JUDSON GORDON PRAYING for missionaries by name is another means for draw- ing out our interest toward the foreign fields.

Wholesale intercession has always a dangerous tendency. Prayers which are so inclusive that they cease to be incisive, which take in so many interests that they take hold of none-who has not been wearied by such comprehensively feeble intercession? Christians have as much need to be on their guard against platitudinarianism as against latitudinarianism. Evangelical vagueness of desire and petition is a weariness to God and to men.

Instead of praying for the Lord's blessing on our mission fields and upon our missionary brethren in general, let us make a list of their names, and take some of them before the throne of grace each day. Let us make ourselves acquainted with their circumstances of trial or success so that we will have definite petitions or thanksgiving for them. Let the missionaries send home specific requests for prayer, and let them be taken up for definite remembrance.

OU'l'SIDE THE ATTRACTIVE BRITISH-AMERICAN HOSPITAL IN

A MINISTER OF MERCY IN PERU BY SAMUEL GUY INMAN, New York Secretary oj the Comndttee on Coopc1'ati01l in lAlUn America A MESSENGER enters the Others in Peru may not have beautiful palm-bedecked pa- serum for immediate treatment, tio of an old building of or might be batHed by the long Moorish architecture in the sub- distance to the town, three days urbs of Lima, Peru. He rushes by boat and train. But this man through the corridors to a room is accustomed to call on science where sit several immaculately and on humans to help him allecapped and gowned nurses. The viate suffering. A fellow countryone in charge of the office opens the man, who has established a flymissive which states that diph- ing field, is called by telephone. theria has broken out in an inland "Yes," comes the reply, "I will take city. There is no anti-toxin to com- the anti-toxin." While the plane is bat it and anxious parents implore being warmed up, the anti-toxin is the missionary doctor at Lima to hurried to the field by auto. It rush anti-toxin to save their chil- gives one a thrill to see that bird dren. The Chief, to whom every- of mercy rise into the air and fly one tells his troubles, is not easy to over the Andes, an hour after the find among the sick scattered appeal had been received. That through the patios, in the operat- same afternoon anxious parents reing room, one of his laboratories, ceive the healing balm that meant in the dark room or in the dispen- life to their children. sary. When he is found, we see a real leader swing into action. Here is romance and religion in the tropics. To me the incident 812

A MINISTER OF MERCY IN PERU

conveyed a thriH I shall never for- formed, though the patient was too get. To the Chief of the British weak for anything but a local anes- American Hospital it was only one thetic. The Chief kept him cheered of many incidents in a day's work. up with stories, while he pumped Dr. MacCornack's day usually more than half a gallon of pus out begins at 5: 30 A. M., with a brisk of the liver, sewed him up with the ride along the seashore on a favor- rapidity of a Singer machine, with ite Argentine pony. After a 7: 30 more drains arranged than are breakfast the head nurses receive found in an ordinary bathroom.

their instructions for the day, the In a few days the old man was on more critical patients are visited, the road to recovery.

and the first operation is per- What an international crowd we formed. Here we see the king on find among the sixty patients in the his throne! This man may be able hospital wards. Here is a Texan to ride, to shoot, to fish and to tell who has been railroading in Peru good stories; he may be a fine for thirty years; thez:e is the Brit- photographer, a chemist, an elec- ish Minister to Peru; here is the trician, a successful business man- wife of a Peruvian evangelical pas- ager, the respected mayor of his tor who has taken advantage of the little Peruvian suburb. But above hospital to have her baby born un- everything else, he is a skillful der sanitary conditions; there is surgeon. When he swings into a Scotch nurse recovering after six this job, there is no mistake that he months' battle with germs she had – is in his element. A young army contracted in a neighboring institu- of assistants jump to comply with tion. Others include a Japanese commands as if they had been Charge d'Affairs, a German busi- stimulated with an electric cur- ness man, a Quechua Indian peon, rent. Several distinguished sur- an American "beach-comber," an geons may have asked permission Illinois mission-school teacher; to watch this man of reputed mar- through the various wards one may velous power. But he will tell you trace the map of the world.

that it is quite simple: First, be The whole responsibmty for the; sure that you know what is the hospital rests upon Dr. MacCor- trouble with your patient; second, nack. A young assistant is doing deal gently with the insides of the the best he can and Mrs. MacCor- friend on the table; third, keep nack is remarkably efficient in studying every case, and learn as business details. The American much as possible from the experi- and Peruvian nurses are enthusi- ences of others. astic and efficient, but everyone Many different kinds of opera- in the whole institution looks to the tions are done here and some mar- Chief for the final word.

velous cures are effected. One old After luncheon, in the attractive Peruvian gentleman was brought living quarters which Mrs. McCor- to the hospital when all other med- nack has arranged in the rear of ical men had given him up. He the main patio, the Chief shows us looked too far gone to be saved, some movies taken of recent opera- but in a few hours the Doctor had tions. (Think of having your own put him through various tests and operation reeled off before you as had discovered a strange disease of the wielder of the knife explains the liver. The operation was per- just how and why it was done!)

Then we examine the different emanates from the Christian Dikinds of cameras kept by this lover rector of this institution and his of photography, we inspect the associates. model kitchen and refrigerating plant which the Chief has installed Eight years ago Dr. and Mrs. with the proceeds from recent op- MacCornack went to Peru from erations; we stop to pay a hurried Wisconsin where he had attained visit to the pets, the monkeys, par- success in surgery, was president rots and dogs, which help to amuse of a hospital and director of a the big family. bank. Bishop Oldham of the Methodist Episcopal Church had The clinic takes up most of the recently agreed to supply the perafternoon, for a crowd of the needy sonnel of a hospital in Peru if the 'l'HE DOCTOR AND NUR!lING !lTAFF IN THE I,TMA MISSION HOSPITAL from all classes come from Lima British and American communities and Callao. After dinner, the final in Lima and Callao would furnish rounds must be made, and then the the property. The MacCornacks medico takes his rest by putting on heard the call to go to this, to them, a concert for the patients! His in- unknown city and offered to congenuity has hooked up loud speak- tribute a year of service. There ers to an insignificant little port- were only three patients in the hosable victrola so that the music is pital when they arrived; equipnot only carried to all the three ment was of the scantiest. The patios, but also to the city park new doctor spent his first five days where all the community enjoys it. largely in making with his own hands a light for the operating It is scarcely too much to say room. At this juncture the manthat the whole West Coast of South ager of one of the big American America if! feeling the f!pirit that

firms was seized with a strangu- dents in training, is run without lated hernia and requested to be any appropriation from the Mistaken to the newly arrived Ameri- sion Board. The British and can doctor. The doctor had fin- American communities provided ished his operating lamp five min- the buildings. utes before the patient's arrival. Without this he could not use the Far-reaching results may be exoperating room. The two stran- pected from the work of the Perugers exchanged a few words and vian girls who are being trained the sufferer was laid on the table. and sent out each year as nurses. The operation was successful and They are given three years in the a firm friendship was established nurses' school and are fitted to between these two families. serve in public health programs, in other hospitals or in private cases. The one year of free missionary Their influence is already being service has now lengthened into felt in the struggle to improve the eight. Last year the expenses of general health in Peru. the institution amounted to $131,- 000, every cent of which was paid All who have "done time" in the from surgical fees and other hos- British and American Hospital pital receipts. This unique mis- have a warmth of feeling toward sionary enterprise, staffed by the this institution. To have lived with chief surgeon and his assistant, by the Chief and his assistants has eight American and eight Peruvian made life sweeter, has brought God nurses, and a group of forty stu- nearer, and has made Christ more real.

WHAT IS CHRISTIANITY?

C HRISTIANITY is not the established religion of a common- wealth, lest the laws of men become entangled with the laws of the Lord, which are perfect, and the State be found dis- puting for supremacy with the sovereign God.

Neither is Christianity the religion of custom, seeing that the changing traditions of men often modify the Word of God, from which it has been declared that "no jot nor tittle shall pass."

Christianity is not the religion of a human creed, remember- ing that plenary inspiration passed out with the apostles, and no· church has ever been competent to indite a document which shall improve on what the New Testament records once for all.

What then is Christianity? Christianity is the religion based on our faith in and our relation to a Person-a Person whose life was recorded faithfully by men w:ho knew Him in the flesh; a Person whose oneness with the Father was authenticated by many signs and wonders; whose winsome spirit was such as to draw to His side rich men, rulers, outcasts and little children; one who died that we might live; at whose exit the mountains were rent; and whose legacy opened up a fountain of hope for all people.

That Divine Person is none other than He who said, "I am the Way, the Truth, and the Life." JOHN JETER HURT, D.D.

WE REVIVE THE LAYMEN?*

BY THE REV. CORNELIUS H. PATTON, D.D.

Author of ""Go-d'8 Warld/) etc.

T WENTY-FIVE years ago, happened, he said: "We didn't do when a group of laymen met much else but pray. I never have in the Fifth Avenue Presby- attended such a meeting in my life.

terian Church of New York for It was the Haystack affair moved conference and prayer over the to New York. We organized not missionary situation, it was under a society but a movement. It will the pressure of the idea that the be interdenominational but will world had swung into a new posi- seek to place behind the various tion of missionary opportunity. boards the loyal and intelligent They felt that the time had come support of the men of the church- for the laymen of the Church to es."

stand by the cause of world evan- Conventions were held in the gelization in an organized and ag- leading cities of the United States gressive way. If the Church was and Canada and in multitudes of to enter into the new opportunities smaller places. The Movement had in a large and hopeful manner, the courage–shall I say the au- there must be the mobilization of dacity-to make those conventions the lay element in every denomina- self-supporting by charging admis- tion. sion. "What! expect men to pay In the minutes of that New York for attending a missionary meet- meeting, I find that, preceding the ing! Preposterous !" But they resolutions, were these statements: did, and that in astonishing num- WHEREAS, The greatly increased bers. Then came a series of conparticipation of the present genera- structive measures. More courtion of responsible business and pro- age; more audacity. When Camp- fessional men is essential to the widest bell White (the first secretary) and most productive use of the exist- proposed that the only way to suping missionary agencies, and is equally port missions church-wise was to vital to the growth of the spiritual make a house-to-house canvass of life at home, and the parish, and to have the canvass conducted by lawyers, bankers, WHEREAS, In the management of judges, and business men of large large business and political responsi- affairs and wide reputation, some bilities such men have been greatly of us gasped. "It can't be done; used and honored. Therefore be it they never will volunteer for serv- Resolved, Etc. ice like that." But the thing was These were not idle words. They done and in a few years the "Every were drawn up and signed by mEln of importance in the business and Member Canvass" became the acprofessional world. When Dr. cepted method of finance in every Samuel B. Capen (who became the progressive church. Let us hand first chairman) returned to Bos- the palm to the laymen of twentyton and informed me of what had five years ago for inventing a de- o Edited and Condensed from the original vice which no minister would have pa~~~e::;t. °li S~t~hia rs'.iir.es~. ~~~~!~r:,~ry dared suggest.

816 Alas! in 1919 it was decided, 1. By reading, study, discussion, after long debate, to merge the they must be made intelligent upon Laymen's Missionary Movement in world conditions as these affect the the Inter-church World Movement, prospects of Christ. Where are we with the result that the incentive in the progress of the Kingdom?

of this great enterprise was lost in What are the new forces, favor- the wreck of the attempt to cap- able and unfavorable, with which italize for missions and beneficence we have to deal? What changes the solidarity, the enthusiasm of are demanded in missionary atti- the War period, already on the tude, theory and procedure? What wane. are the demands of stewardship in The Central Division Committee a day like this? As Dr. J. H. Old- of the Laymen's Missionary Move- ham, of the International Mission- ment, with headquarters in Chi- ary Council, once remarked, "In cago, opposed the merger with the the Church, as in the political Inter-Church World Movement but realm, the future lies with the man after long debate adopted the fol- who thinks."

lowing: 2. The new movement, like the Resolved, That the Central Division old, should be interdenominational.

Committee suspend activities and ap- It should not be split up into affilipoint a Committee on Resumption which will be in readiness to under- ated denominational movements take its task as soon as the time may for men. The old Laymen's Misbe propitious. sionary Movement was seriously weakened by the denominations This committee called a confer- taking up the idea on their own ence in May, 1922, and voted to re- account, so that in many cases sume activities. The reorganized business men visualized the work committee was, however, hindered as merely denominational propain getting under way until 1927. ganda and the larger incentive was They have sought to conserve the lost. The laymen of today have it old name and to revive the old spir- in their power to reenforce imit. measurably the conception of mis- sions as the enterprise of a steadily Today we are living in a new unifying Church, one direction, at world of opportunity and of peril. least, in which we can dispose our The War has drawn a sharp line forces for the success of Christianthrough the history and program ity as a whole. of every political and social institution. The cause of foreign mis- A strictly interdenominational sions has been affected in notable movement also is free from the netways. A new generation has come work of restrictions and relationupon the scene. New attitudes are ships which characterize our purebeing formed. New theories pre- ly denominational efforts. For the vail. There are new laymen to be most part these are necessary, and enlisted, and they have the opportunity of the ages. within their sphere are of great In any attempt to rally our value, but there should be room for Christian laymen to a new and the free movement and initiative effective support of missions, the of unecclesiastical groups. The conditions of success appear to me genius of our business men has not to include the following: been exhausted by the invention of 2

the Budget and the Every Member blend of existing faiths. They will Canvass. think of Christian missions as the giving of the best–God's best–to 3. There is a demand for more a suffering world. A sympathetic intensive work in adult missionary approach to the peoples of other education than the old-time con- faiths, a glad and generous recogvention method makes possible. nition of high and permanent val- Big conventions may still have ues in other religions-yes, by all their value, but emphasis should means. But a reality-loving Chrisbe placed upon the reaching of tian business man, if he is to back smaller and more influential a world movement for Christ, will groups of prominent business men, do so because he believes the reand officers of local churches. ligion of Christ is supreme and final. 4. Our laymen will rise above the present timidity in appealing We believe that the time is ripe for money. They are dealing with for a revival of lay activity and inmoney all the time and are not itiative in behalf of missions at afraid to ask for it in a good cause. home and abroad. The movement They are not afraid of the word which started the Every Member promotion. They believe that Canvass and the Church Budget money, as the expression of per- and which has been instrumental sonality, is sacred. They realize in aligning tens of thousands of that in the cause of Christ it can business men in 'missionary belief be made immortal. and activity-the enterprise which inaugurated a new era of mission- 5. Finally, our laymen will be ary support-such a movement, if free from the weakness of present- again given a prominent place in day theological speculation. They our counsels and programs, may will want a motive and a message prove the means of leading us out that ring with the faith and the of the present wilderness of critioptimism of Jesus Christ. It is in- cism, hesitation and receding devoconceivable that they will fall in tion on the part of many in the with the idea that Christianity is Church. but one among many religions, or that the ultimate religion is to be a CHRISTIAN STEWARDSHIP Two brothers in New York went into partnership as bankers and brokers. One promised God that when he had accumulated a capital of $100,000, he w()uld retire from business and give the rest of his life to Christian work. He did so, and became one of the greatest Sunday-school workers in America. He was the author of many books on the Sunday school, and acted as the moving spirit in the Sunday-school world. He influenced hundreds of young people to go into Christian work and led thousands of boys and girls to give their lives to Christ. He did not leave much of an estate when he died but he laid up spiritual treasure on earth and in heaven.

His brother continued to give all his time to the banking and brokerage business, but all he left behind when he died was money. There was no evident print of sacrificial service.

Who served men and God best and which one left the largest heritage?

WORLD STEWARDSHIP

BY DAVID McCONAUGHY, D.D., Montclair, N. J.

Author of UMoney.. the Acid Tcst/' (("Mather Earth/' etc.

T HE foundations of the first at the zero hour in the Church of World Stewardship Confer- England. All other branches of ence, which met recently in the Church are ahead of us." Pro- the historic Tolbooth Church, viding himself with textbooks and Edinburgh, were laid several years pamphlets, he has set out to change before 'it opened. In December, that situation and an Anglican 1926, the General Assembly of the Stewardship Commission is now at United Church in India (North) work along this line.

invited the writer to assist in in- Baptist, Congregational, Anglistalling stewardship in its pro- can, Presbyterian, Primitive Meth- gram. Without knowing of this odist and Wesleyan missionary ex- action, the General Assembly of ecutives and the General Assem- the United Church in Korea sent blies of the Church of Scotland and a similar invitation. A little later Ireland are also taking steps in the a similar r~quest came from the same direction. Instructions were Evangelical Union of Churches in given to Scotch ministers to preach the Philippines and the National stewardship during the week of Council leaders in China and Ja- the World Stewardship Confer- pan followed. Across Asia, from ence. The like of this had not been Bombay to Tokyo at sixty-five cen- known in Great Britain before.

ters, I met in conference thousands The General Assembly of the of leaders of the younger churches Church of Scotland recommended to discuss the principles and meth- permanent provision for the incul- ods of stewardship. cation of Stewardship as a recog- On my way out to India, I nized part of the Church's prostopped in the British Isles to meet gram. This recommendation was groups of ministers and laymen in unanimously adopted.

Glasgow, Edinburgh, Dundee and The Stewardship Conference London, and as a result the pro- opened with a special service in posal was made to hold a World old St. Giles Cathedral, marked by Stewardship Conference in Great a stately dignity. Dr. Ware, Dean Britain. As a result the officers of of the Thistle and Chapel Royal, the International Association for preached on stewardship that Church Finances in Great Britain afternoon with great earnestness.

and the United Stewardship Coun- Among the notables taking part cil of America drafted a program in the conference was the Earl which came to fruition during the of Home, genial Chairman of the Conference which met in Edin- International Association for burgh last summer. Church Finances, who entertained The Venerable Archdeacon some 200 of the delegates at his Smythe, who was delegated from charming home "Birsel" out in the Anglican Church Assembly, the Scott country. It was remark- addressing the Church Assembly able that of the more than fifty at Lambeth said, "Stewardship is who had been assigned parts in the 819

program from near and far, the Four commissions in America had Hon. Lord Sands, who was over- been at work for months and their taken by blindness, and Dr. James reports came as a revelation to Black, prevented by an accident, most of those attending the conferwere the only expected speakers ence. An exhibit including some who were absent. Others who at- 300 titles of stewardship pamtended were: Sir William Hender- phlets (selected out of 1000 availson, Lord Polwarth, Sir D. Y. Cam- able) and 49 textbooks served to eron, Dr. John White, of Barony visualize what has been done in Church, Glasgow; Principal W. F. this field during a decade or two. Lofthouse of Birmingham; the On the other side, the first stew- Very Rev. J. Harry Miller, Edin- ardship textbook produced as yet burgh; Mr. Ernest Brown, M. P., has recently come from the press, who, judging by the masterly way "Studies in Christian Stewardhe conducted the session on "The ship" by Rev. D. W. P. Strang, World Challenge of the Church of M.C., M.A. of Edinburgh, who Today," will prove a leader to be made one of the strongest adreckoned with in Parliament; the dresses of the conference on "All Venerable Archdeacon Smythe, Life as a Stewardship." With this who missed nothing in the entire should be bracketed "The Chalprogram; the Dean of Armagh, lenge of the Growing Influence of one of the representatives of the the Material," by Ralph L. Cush- Church of Ireland; the Most Rev. man of Rochester, N. Y. W. J. F. Robberds, Bishop of Brechin and Primus of the Epis- The conference was designed to copal Church in Scotland; Canon be not only inspirational and edu- R. J. Mackay, of the same, who cational but also promotional in extook in everything; Mr. S. E. tending stewardship principles and Hodgkin, a founder of the Friends' practice. Conditions which have Trust, Ltd.; Mr. John B. Gotts, been ripening for some years were Chairman of the Congregational calling loudly for a cooperative Union of London; Dr. Adolph Kel- movement extending this neglected ler, of Geneva; Oberkansistarial- aspect of the Gospel to the younger rat Gustavus and Pastor Harney churches on the mission fields, as of Berlin; Mr. Bahari Lall Rallia well as to the older and desperately Ram, General Secretary of the Na- needy churches of Europe. Hithtional Council, Y. M. C. A. of In- erto no channel had been opened dia and Prof. A. M. Daula, La- to serve this purpose. What rehore, India. Of the Canadian del- sponse would the first World Stewegation may be mentioned only Dr. ardship Conference make? The W. M. Rochester, Chairman of the response was not merely in the Western Section, Pan-Presbyte- ringing addresses which marked rian Alliance, and Dr. Peter Bryce, every session, but in the definite both of Canada. Nine members of plan of action which emerged at the United Stewardship Council of the close, providing for concerted the U. S. A. and Canada attended action in which the stronger naand made valuable contributions; tional groups will aid the weaker, Agar, Crawford, Howser, Lampe, the world around. Out of the con- Long, Lovejoy, McConaughy, Myers and Mrs. James Duguid, Jr. ference there is to emerge a World Stewardship. Union, with a coun- cil to be resolved into two sections,

THE WORLD STEWARDSHIP CONFERENCE

one with headquarters in U. S. A., for Bible classes; a handbook for including council members resident office bearers. The Committee on in North, Central and South Amer- Education for the Ministry is ica, Bahamas, Japan, Chosen, asked to arrange for embodying China and the Philippines and an- Stewardship in pastoral theology other, with headquarters in Great literature for divinity students. Britain, including members resi- Presbyteries are asked to arrange dent in Europe, Western Asia, In- for speakers to present the subject dia, Burma, Ceylon, Malaysia, at their meetings and to appoint Australia, New Zealand, the action Stewardship committees to propaof either section to become effec- gate it among ministers and office tive only when ratified by the bearers. These and other measother. Thus ample scope for in- ures already adopted evidence the itiative is afforded, while preserv- thoroughness with which the ing the integrity of the organiza- Scotch churches are taking up this tion. vital matter. And· this is typical of the spirit in which the delegates In Scotland good progress is be- went down from the Tolbooth ing made in providing educational Church and away to the ends of material, such as textbooks, leaf- the earth with a new vision and a lets, posters, etc., for use in their new passion. congregations; articles in Life CLnd Work, youth magazines and the The story of the Conference has been isgeneral press; Sunday School syl- sued in a book which may be obtained through labuses for lessons and textbooks Mr. H. S. Myers, Secretary of the United Stew- ardship Council, U. S. A., 152 Madison Avenue, New York, at 60 cents a copy.

MISSIONARY GIVING Dr. A. L. Warnshuis of the International Missionary Council has prepared the following table showing the aggregate expenditures of the missionary societies cooperating in the national missionary organizations represented in the International Missionary Council for the years 1927 to 1929. The figures for 1930 and 1931 will probably show considerable decrease.

I i . Average I 1929 Aggrl'gate 1927 1928 : Roar I Expenditu:re EXChange, Reduced to Dollars Australia ………. ,£ 285,701 285,701' –2-85-,-7-01-21'4.86625 :-$-1-,-39-0-,2-9-2-.4-9 Belgium ………… Fr. 145,684' : 207,828 Ii 166.672 .. 0278 Denmark ………. Kr. 2,021,713 i 2,061.520 I 1,971,014 •. 268 4,820.38 Finland (2 societies) M. France …………. Fr. 540.926.38 Germany ………• :M. Great Britain …… ,£ 4,433,839 i 4,241,2891 4,691,507 'I .025185 112,212.90 Latin America ….. $ 3,835,834 3,381,966 3,980,402 .031)175 146,231.03 Netherlands ……. FI. 5,728,059. 5,860,400 6,086,209 .. 238 1,402,190.33 New Zealand ……. [ ,£ U. S. A. and Oanada' $ 2,349,502 . 2,308,704 2,295,021 4.86625 11,280,171.88 Norway ………… KI'. Sweden ………….. Kr. 4,402,657 3,700.1841 …… : 4.051,420.00 Switzerland ••…..• ! Fr. 1,385.317 1,350,564 1,179,000 .402 , 524,593.92 South Africa ••…•• j £ 95,000 96,950 96,9504.86625 i 468,619.88 31.346,972 27,515,956 28,523,939! …… i 29,128,956.00 33,,884974,.302070' 3,240.510 1,796,000 1.268 I 797,792.32 4,016,107 4,625,916 .268 : 1,115,715.36 1,594,925 1,322,887 1,507,203 .193 284,675.97 100,000 100,000 140,000 4.86625 I 551,506.71 $51,800.125.55 1 Figures for 1926. 2 Figures for 1927. 3 EXI'II1,sive of expenditure in Latin America.

WORKING MAN AND THE

BY THE REV. EDGAR M. WAHLBERG, Denver, Colorado Pa8tor oj Grace aon~munity ChU1"oh EVERY individual has a right this light the Church must confess to live completely the full that it has not adequately served range of creative possibility, the needs of the working man.

both as a unit and as a member of More often it has embarrassed him. society. Application to this right Too often in his darkest hour and involves specific interests and prob- most terrible need, the Church has lems. To the working man, the spe- refused to lift a finger in his becific application is largely tied up half.

with economic well being. Charity and philanthropy be- The Church dare not limit itself come a patch on the social fabric through which may still be seen the to purely religious problems; it hideousness of it all. In the presmust face also the ethical and prac- ent order, one cannot outrun ignotical if it is to help the working rance, superstition, injustice, sufman. Poverty may have led St. fering, exploitations, fears, hun- Francis into the Church and holi- ger, rags, awfulness. The best is ness; nevertheless, poverty leads often bad. Appearances do not a greater number away from the save. Worst of all, and over it all, Church. is the ever present and grim figure of privilege. In our confused social order, the Church cannot deny one of the two In order to help the working conflicting alternatives, paternal- man, the Church must endorse or, ism and trusteeship, or complete as Bishop McConnell has sugdemocracy. If the Church chooses gested, must baptize and take into the former theory, it is in easy its fellowship only that social orcompany and well entrenched. It der which the Church is sure has is then a free agency to inspire the been completely converted. The erection of philanthropic institu- working man must eventually meet tions and to spend increasing mil- his own needs. If these needs are lions in charity, without any seri- to be met through the Church, the ous analysis of the status quo. As working man must be in the such, the Church will have the full Church. He will not come to the confidence of the powerful, and can Church until his confidence is reenjoy frank optimism. Because stored. this theory is held by the dominant group, it will be complacently ac- Generally, the worker is outside cepted by many in all walks of life, of the Church, and where he is asincluding many working men who sociated with a workers' movemay find that the system does ment, he is prejudiced against the serve him to a certain extent. Church. To gain his confidence, the Church must know how labor If, however, the Church chooses thinks and feels. The intelligent complete democracy, its function is worker is certain that the Church far more difficult. Its effort may as a whole is influenced by the ultimately shake the foundations dominant economic life of the day, of long accepted institutions. In 822 and is unacquainted with his essen- effective these resolutions have tial needs or struggles. been may be indicated by a Social There are churches and church Service report in a Methodist Con- leaders preparing the way for a ference, in which the Commission new day of evangelization. Some undertook to discover the actual of these are as effective as any out- status of the "Social Creed of the side of the Church. They voice the Churches," and of the social mind- plight of the worker not as a victim edness of the conference member- of charity, but as a responsible ship. The questionnaire was sent agency in the creative genius and to 157 pastors representing all power of society. They stand for types of churches. The report fundamental adjustment and clearly indicated that fully "half change, offering labor a just place of the laymen are relatively indif- in the cooperative challenge of the ferent to the social implications of Church. They want labor to speak the GospeL" In spite of the dis- for itself, and they aim that labor ciplinary request that the social shall be heard. creed be read once a year, less than Some feel that this is flirting one-third of the churches gave any with radical propoganda. It is not attention to it. In still fewer as radical as it seems, if we recog- churches were the annual reports nize that' the function of the of the Social Service Commission Church is to christianize and to es- called to the attention of the con- tablish a Kingdom of God on earth. gregations. In less than half of Until today the christianization of the churches no particular atten- our capitalistic society has been tion seemed to have been given to largely the capitalization of Chris- social subjects in the educational tianity. An honest attempt to programs.

christianize the worker would A Social Creed Questionnaire bring the Church much nearer the highway of God. The writer, in teaching a course Bishop McConnell says: "The in "The Church and Industry" at trouble with all social systems is an Epworth League Institute, be- that they need Christian birth into gan the course with a social creed a new spirit. It is no doubt quix- questionnaire on the first day, to otic when a preacher tries to bring discover how much these Methodist labor radicalism into line with the young people were thinking about spirit of Jesus, but it is no more such matters. There were twelve quixotic than to attempt to get oil questions. Ninety-nine members kings, and steel kings, and meat of the class replied.

kings, and grain kings to rule pri- In answer to the question, marily for the service of the gov- "What do you think of Russia?" erned. It is a strenuous task, any only ten responded with even a suway you look at it, this task of in- perficial understanding. Most of stitutional regeneration and sanc- the opinions expressed indicated tification." * hearsay and prejudice, suggesting Most denominations have made every conceivable color, such as fairly definite pronouncements sug- "uncivilized," "infiuencing world gesting radical movements along for the bad," "primitive laws and the whole Church front. Just how ideas," "radical and dangerous,"

• LivIng Together," page 110. etc.

There were sixty-one different taken seriously its application to reasons given for the present de- the needs of the working man.

pression, ranging from war and The irony of it all was revealed over-production, to Hoover, pessi- in a delegation from a mining mists, Kaiser Wilhelm and Com- town, which, in desiring to be dis- munists. Blame for the depression tinct, dressed as miners, with extended from foreigners, inven- miners' caps. The members of this tors, gangsters, and multi-mil- delegation in the class in Industry, lionaries, to "Nobody, it was just came not from miners' homes, but time for one." Various remedies from the townsmen and business were suggested, such as "Needs no element.

change," "by not living so high and The Church cannot meet the fast," "putting bums to work," needs of the working man until it "system like Russia," "no use do- is working-man conscious. Even ing anything; poor are hopeless; the average American working don't know how to use what they man, not as yet class conscious and have." Fifty-five felt that some- aware of a class struggle, has only thing was wrong, and forty-five felt a nominal interest in the Church.

that there might be some kind of His support can be and is periodi- trouble or revolution. cally exploited by waves of occa- Seventy-two thought that there sional local enthusiasm. He isn't was free speech in America, re- prejudiced, and yet to him the gardless of what one might believe. Church doesn't make a lot of differ- In answer to the question, "Where ence. have you read anything about any of these questions recently?" thir- No wonder the Industrial ty-two had read nothing; others Church is a battle, even where for had gleaned their convictions from years the Church and the pastor the Literary Digest, Liberty, have consistently attempted to American Magazine, Popular Me- meet the worker on his own chanics, Saturday Evening Post, ground. Nevertheless, it is here The Denver Post, etc. Six men- that the Church is really beginning tioned the Epworth Herald. to meet the needs of the working man. For the time being, a work- Not one in the class was aware ers' church cannot be anything but of the "Social Creed of the Church- class conscious. To serve the es." Only one reported remember- worker means nothing less than to ing his preacher ever saying any- fight with him in his struggle for thing about the subjects. In re- fair play and justice.

sponse to the question on War, An Industrial Church in Denver seventeen were pacifists, forty-one Grace Church, Denver, through believed in disarmament, and thir- the leadership of Dr. George S.

ty-one in preparedness. Forty- Lackland, and Dr. A. A. Heist, has seven believed that prohibition was earned national recognition for its the major issue of the day. In intelligent and effective service to these two instances, there was evi- the working man. Here, labor is denced clearly the influence of the invited through the years to work Church. Certainly, this report, out its destiny. Wherever and however superficial it is, indicates whenever labor has needed an ex- that the Church has not as yet tra wheel, Grace Church has func-

THE WORKING MAN AND THE CHURCH

tioned. Such institutions as the With sinking heart I remembered Labor College, Labor Summer that these two gentlemen had can- School, etc., were established vassed Tony's neighborhood for through the cooperation of Grace church funds, and I thought that Church. Whenever free speech is here was a characteristic experi- threatened, the Denver Open Fo- ence, in which folks get angry rum has given the worker a chance when asked for money for the to hear and talk. Church.

In times of agitation and stress, I started to explain, when he in- whether in a strike, or the organ- terrupted, "N0, no, no, I mad ization of a cooperative, or a 'cause dey no ask me for no sub- Mooney-Billings mass meeting, scrip."

Grace Church is open for assem- My spirit revived, and I volun- bly. Gradually, suspicions have tered that I was an agent of the been lifted and the workers of Church, and could do for him that Denver, and many over the coun- which had been neglected. The try, are beginning to realize that Church received its first $5.00 in after all, the Church has a place in cash. I asked Tony why he didn't the sun. They find their young come to church, "Oh, I come some- . people intelligent and conversant, time. I come sometime," he said.

and surging with aspirations, "Yes," I retorted, "you come through discussion and study sometime and bring your wife."

classes, and the Cooperative and This induced an explosion, "No, Credit Union. no, no! My wife? No, no! My In it all, and around it all is a wife, she no good. She no spek spirit of worship, in which is prac- Englis, she no write Englis, she no ticed the prellence of God, and in good, but I come sometime."

which the principles of Jesus are "Yes," I said, "Be sure and evaluated, and a social gospel is come. Your wife is all right. She preached. There is planted a seed, can hear the music. You come now germinating, soon to grow. with her. Do you both good."

If the Church as a whole will heed, He grasped my hand, holding it statistics will be no matter. Men tight and drawing it gradually to will come by the thousands, proud his breast, so I could feel his heart and happy to own their Lord. beat. I shall never forget that Tony, an Italian, came running heart. It was the heart of a work- to me one day as I stood on a street ing man, pleading for all that was in the little coal mining camp of good. He said as no other could, Hiawatha, Utah. Tony, in New "I go to your Church once. I see York, might have been an efficient de cross in de front of de Church.

banana salesman, but he was a You my priest." Then desperate- miner and having a hard time of it. ly, and with tears, as if all the He called breathlessly, "Father world must hear, "Your cross, my Walgub, Father Walgub, I wanna cross."

talk on you." May this be so. May humanity "Come on Tony," I replied, be entirely released to live, to lift, "talk if you want, talk all over to sing, to laugh, to work, and to me." love, in a common joy, with grim "I mad, I mad, I mad, Mr. Rud- privilege, unmasked and converted, dy, Mr. Brady," he said in a rush, for the good of all men.

A MINISTER SOLVES

SINGLE-HANDED, the Rev. ninety days fr~m 75 to 345 persons, William T. Morgan of War- one substantial meal at noon, and rior, Alabama, set himself to many at breakfast. ThQusands of the task of removing 300 names of piecE*! of clothing have been distribunemployed from the charity list. uted to the needy. Used garments The miners had to be trained in un- and shoes have been repaired by his own workers. They now have a poultry plant com- plete w.~th a capacity of 750 fowls, and about 100 fowls are in the pens. Most of the men and their wives want t~ follow agriculture.

There is a garage for the accom- mQdation of young men studying the art of automobile mechanics. Other classes are maintained in shoemaking, carpentry, and furniture repairing.

There is a complete canning fac- tory, with a ·daily capacity of 2,000 cans. An experienced commercial canner instructs the students. There is also a large grist-mill which will soon be in operation. They will grind for the c~mmuni ty as well as commer- cial purposes. ..

One of the largest industries is the women's work. About seventy-five women and girls have enrolled for the sewing classes, which are specializing in quilts. About twenty-five different B y Court es" of the Literary Dige. t patterns of quilts are being made out T HE REV. WILLIAM T. MORGAN of new cloth.

familiar work for their day as coal- Nowhere in the country is a saner miners was ended. Mr. Morgan organized families into a commu- effort being made to solve the unemnity center and taught them agriculture, shoe-repairing, and other ployment problem. trades. School work is an important part of The Montgom ery Advertiser (Quoted in The Literary Digest) the experiment. Many of the resisays: dents, adults and children, are learn- He and his workers have cleared about twenty acres of land, have taken ing to read and write and are masterabout 75,000 feet of lumber from the timber out of which lumber the houses ing the rudiments of arithmetic. At needed have been built. The entire forty acres is now one large garden. the center there is a half-day of work Mr. Morgan has fed every day for and a half-day of schooling.

And all of this has been done with less than $3,000 in cash! There have been liberal donations of certain ma- terials, but the land had to be bought, and there- were unavoidable expenses which could be paid Qnly in cash.

This shows what leadership, courage, and enthusiasm will do to solve this great prOblem.

82(i

!ourfewy of The Literary Digest (See article p . 8t6

UNElfPLOYED MADE SELF-SUPPORTING BY MR. MORGAN IN ALABAMA HELPING HOMELESS WORKERS BY ADELA J. BALLARD We8tern Super,";8ar of M 'igrant Wo r k, Oaun(}/I of Wom en for !lame Mi s.ia"",, A LONG line of decrepit cars "You give foods till crop are were parked in front of the gone? Much families, and no of "General Merchandise" sign the moneys. You let buys for us?" of the small-town store. A group "Who you work for," asked the of nondescript individuals crowded clerk gruffly, "Did your boss sign the long room until the chatter was your slip?" The two men shook deafening and the air stifling. a despondent negative and the first Two growers pushed their way speaker replied: back through the throng into the office where the manager sat work- "He say 'not know us.' Next ing on the books. Children were year mebby he sign paper. Not here, there and everywhere. Two now. No work-no eat! We pay. races and a dozen nationalities Many childrens-all works. Got mingled amicably without a trace eight-ten-oh many children." of friction. Without more words the clerk Two men, obviously new Ameri- passed the assignment slip to the cans, stood hesitantly back while manager who happened to be passothers were selecting stores of ing with the two growers who had canned goods from the laden entered his office a moment before. shelves. Finally one of the two He glanced at the slip, eyed the approached the hurried clerk, hesi- pair appraisingly, asked to be tated, then took courage and asked shown the family cars and finally diffidently; nodded in affirmation, "Oh, give 'em five dollars worth of stuff, 'an 827

I'll see Gregg. They look like fair "You cannot shop in peace. You risks. Big nuisance this bunch, cannot even drive along the highbut I suppose if they pick they ways without encountering their have got to eat. disgusting camps," she finished ir- ritatedly. "Why let them?" He turned to the two men, "You see you pay! Be in here Saturday. At her elbow a townsman spoke Nothing more for you until Gregg quickly: sign your paper!" "Let them! Would you come out At this moment the door opened and pick berries for me? Mine are and a local woman entered the dropping from the bushes! I've got to get fifty pickers at once. If HELPING AN INJUR~JD CHILD IN THE we do not have three thousand of COTTON FIELD them in this valley we go broke. No one here will stick to the job. store. Utter disgust was in her Its no play work and the pay is attitude. "Why do you give credit rotten unless the crop is heavy. to such riffraff," she asked dis- I'm glad enough to see the bunch gustedly. "There ought to be a go. We get anything from small law against such people entering pox to leprosy while they are here the town. The school is full of but we've got to have 'em. Any them and we have to see our own pickers in this morning?" he asked children mixed up with them and the manager, who was also mayor, in with them. Public money should and Berry Growers Association not be spent on children who come president as well as a few other from outside our own county. No things. one knows what diseases they bring and as for morals-" words A fellow grower took up the failed her for the moment. woman's question.

"What are you going to do? You want your canned goods. You want the fruit which isn't raised in this locality. The work is all done by migrants. You local folk won't do the work. Migrants are a neces- sary evil. Let 'em work and get out. But I'll tell you one thing! We are not going to have a hang- over of ninety or a hundred fam- ilies for this town to support this winter. Fruit over, out they go. Cheaper to give 'em gas to get out than to have 'em hanging around in the berry shacks. If we cannot get 'em out any other way make 'em so uncomfortable they will be glad to get out. We've got to have 'em, but there's no sense in spend- ing money on them. 'On agin, off agin, gone agin Flannigan,' is my motto when it comes to pickers." He turned to the merchant-"!'ll

HELPING HOMELESS WORKERS

see you get your money, there now. A funny bunch, but more won't be much left for the poor decent than some. My wife said devils, but we have to protect our some of them went to church Sunbusiness men. Where do they come day night. That's got to stop. from? Every state in the union I We'll have epidemics all over the guess. Any kicks on the housing neighborhood if that keeps up." this year?" he asked the other grower. "Religion for pickers," laughed a newcomer. "They wouldn't know "Yep," the man growled impa- it if they met it. They probably tiently, "Two fools came down went to church just as they would from the state department this go to a circus. But we do sell a week. Sanitation! They don't know heap of stuff to 'em all told. I got how to use it when they have it. rid of two old cars to some who A CANNERY VACATION SCHOOL IN CHARGE OF A NURSE EMPLOYED BY THE COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME ",USSIONS I put a screen door on each cabin- came in last week. Pretty good they tie it back with a string. It price too. They wan't worth much, takes a policeman to make them but trust a fruit tramp to get the use the garbage cans. I put new last mile out of the old tin Lizzie. wash basins in the shacks and the Don't suppose they'll ever get the idiots use it to wash the kids faces balance paid for, but I can take it in the morning and to boil the pota- back at the end of the season and toes in at night! They are certainly have a new sale next year. Plenty a messy lot. Hope enough of them room in the old garage to store come in so we can pick today. I 'em." put 'three hundred wanted' on my ad. Don't suppose I'll need more The group separated as a crowd than a hundred and fifty, but as of pickers entered the door. The long as they keep coming I can sign "One thousand pickers wanted immediately" had lured them to pick and choose. Got fifty families the town. This was small, but the

thousands of acres of back country tion and poverty, coupled with held the greater part of the popu- inadequate housing and almost lation which demanded the migra- complete lack of sanitation makes tory group four months of the the health of the migrant worker year supplying the fruit which a menace to his own group and to kept another huge group of mi- any community into which he may gratory families busy in the can- enter. Many of the camps are not neries of a near-by city. immoral- they are frankly un- This conversation reflects rather moral. Literally thousands of the faithfully the attitudes, problems, children are born in the crops- the indifferences of the average many of them die there for the population of the average town mortality of the child in the sea- where the migratory labor groups sonal labor camp is very high. Few swamp all agencies for a few brief communities have a sympathetic months of the year or are a prob- attitude toward the migrant work- lem of the entire three hundred er – the situation is regarded as and sixty-five days of the twelve hopeless, although there are some months. Because of the reaction happy exceptions to this statement, on our future citizenship – for but these exceptions are usually in there is more than a million and localities where a religious agency a half of people in the U. S. whose has demonstrated that it is possible lives are conditioned by the crops to change conditions and that the -it is time we faced the problem migrant will respond to sympa- squarely. thetic friendliness.

This the home mission agencies With the tangle of races; the tried to do in Section XI of the jumble of creeds; the racial an- North American Hom eMissions tagonisms and the superiority com- Congress. From that Section came plexes, the task of meeting the some challenging conclusions: need of the migrant is a difficult First the general situation was one. For the Anglo-Saxon is not faced. Both religious and social the only one with a superiority workers sat in at the Conference, complex-sometimes one of the together they summed up facts: first duties of the worker is to We as a nation are fast becom- teach that "some Americans are as ing a highly specialized agricul- good as the people of other races."

tural country. This development And the home mission worker must has involved the bringing in of a acknowledge that the community vast number of seasonal laborers, and the grower have problems to many of them family groups. These face as well as does" the migrant people must shift from place to himself. We cannot ignore the place in order to have anything fact that much of our wealth and like continuous employment. For of our personal release from these shifting nomads there can be drudgery comes to us from the no normal home life; little of help- work of this group. Forty-three ful social contact with community millions of wealth comes into one life; even where compulsory school state alone through the work of attendance laws are enforced, the the seasonal laborer!

constant change of location pre- The need of this vast army of vents adequate educational oppor- people, not less than a million and tunity. The ignorance, supersti- probably many more than that is

an outstanding challenge to the far distant from organized church followers of Christ today, but the work. call is for a cooperative service: Cooperation financially has made Health, educational, social and it possible for the Council of Womreligious agencies must offer a en for Home Missions to transform united service if the need is to be the thinking of a few communities met, but the church must lead in where migrants throng. It needs community program and not fol- demonstration stations to convince low. It is folly to duplicate the the grower, the community, the work of other agencies-the func- church, that new ideals can enter tion of the church is to sanction migrant camps; that lives can be where other agencies have better transformed; that the problem of equipment for the task and to sup- the grower can be lessened and betplement by fostering community ter service gained if camps are sentiment in enforcement cam- made habitable, health conditions paigns and the educating of com- bettered and moral training given. munity attitudes. Denominational It is the cooperative service that competition must be forgotten that the grower welcomes, he wants no denominational cooperation may divisive effort in his camp, but a offer service: That the church may Christian service wins respect; he serve there must be welcomes the Christian teacher, nurse, and friendly visitor who will Intelligent cooperation with secular migrate with the migrants. Where agencies. the grower welcomes he supports the work. More adequate training for ministers and workers entering rural fields. The church must lead in trans- forming the thought of communi- Willingness to allow the home mis- ties; in making possible the assion agency best fitted for the work similation of the migrant into the to occupy the field. community life, we must first make this life attractive to him be- A Christlike attitude on the part fore you can make him desire it! of Christian people. This can be done only through in- timate contact with "living epis- Home training which will allow tles," radiating the love of Him friendship projects with the alien on who came to serve. Only the our doorstep as well as with the child church can change the tragedy of across the sea. the life of the migrant and make of him an asset instead of a men- Education within the church group ace to the national life of America. which will stress the economic values of the work of the migratory group– The answer to the question, "Who is the racial contributions and the in- my neighbor?" must take in all the dividual worth and the potential pos- children of men, whatever their race, sibility of the migrant child. color or creed.-William Lyon Phelps.

Protective legislation and enforce- We measure the greatness of a man ment to insure the migratory worker by what he does in adversity.-A. W. the rights, protection and environ- Beaven.

ment which should be the right 0-1 every citizen.

An adequate financial support for the agencies such as the Council of Women for Home Missions, the Home Missions Council, etc., in the putting on of surveys and programs in fields

MISSIONARIES USE THE

BY HUBERT W. PEET, London, England Editor 01 the Far and Near Pres8 Bureau M ANY missionaries in far dis- with others living in isolated spots. tant lands find in wireless a In the New Hebrides advance in- new means of refreshment, formation of coming storms is spiritual, mental and recreational. greatly helping the missionaries in "The wireless keeps us from becom- breaking down belief in witchcraft ing old fogies and 'moss-backs,'" and the rain-maker. An Indian said one man living in the forests missionary says that during King of the Amazon. The chief obstacles, George's illness he was pestered for apart from expense, are atmospher- daily reports of the King's health ics; difficulty regarding recharging by the people of his village.

batteries, as in Tristan da Cunha; This same missionary takes his or the climatic effect on the receiv- home-made four-valve set with him er. The Bjshop of Melanesia says when he visits other villages in everything soon goes rusty in his Bengal. He puts up his aerial in part of the world. On the other the palm trees and listens to the hand, in Persia, Bishop Linton's afternoon Bengali program from difficulty is that the Baku Station Calcutta. The villagers crowd jams Daventry in three languages! round his loud-speaker to listen be~ Missionaries, in some fields, are fore he begins preaching and teach- among the few people who are able ing.

to listen to the events "the day be- The most ambitious missionary fore they occur !" For calendar pur- use of wireless in India is the poses the day is deemed to begin at scheme being carried out by Mr.

the 180th meridian which runs Harold H. Peterson, of the Y. M.

from Behring Sea to the South C. A., Lahore. Their Radio Club Pole: New Zealand is on the west last year obtained a transmitting of this line, and the Cook Islands license from the Indian Govern- are on the east of this Date line. ment, permitting them to broad- Before the sun sets in the Cook cast on 340 metres with a power of Islands area, it is heralding the 100 watts. Their station is entirely next day of the month in New Zea- home-made and their programs land. Thus when it is still Satur- cover an area of over fifteen hun- day night with the missionary in dred miles. In addition to their the Cook Islands he and his island- own stUdio in the Y. M. C. A. build- ers can listen to the Sunday morn- ing, they have wires running to the ing service being broadcast in New Forman Christian College and to Zealand! When the Rugby team the Lahore Telephone Exchange.

play a test match in Wellington, They can thus pick up and broad- New Zealand, on Saturday, the re- cast valuable lectures and talks, suIt is heard by wireless on Friday both in English and the vernacular, in Cook Islands. given elsewhere than in the studio.

This opportunity of getting news Dr. Lindsay, Master of Balliol Col- by radio is one of the great advan- lege, Oxford, dUring his recent visit tages which missionaries now share to India, spoke on Adult Education, 832 and three members of the Indian ast, four hundred miles from the Round Table Conference on their coast in Central Africa, reports return, gave accounts of their ex- "static is as bad as anywhere on periences in England. This is a earth." After he had made a short- wonderful piece of work, especial- wave set, he began to pick up code ly as all the operations and main- messages from amateurs from all tenance are carried out by inter- over the world; Australians in the ested amateurs, British, American afternoon; South Africans and and Indian. Englishmen in the evening; Amer- Another interesting example of icans in the early morning. One the missionary use of wireless is at evening he heard the Queen of the the School for the Deaf, belonging Netherlands opening a new Dutch to the Church of England Zenana station. The two British Stations Mission at Mount Lavinia, Ceylon. are heard plainly and Nairobi, in By the use of what is called an "os- East Africa, comes over well. He siphone," those who can hardly also hears American stations. This hear ordinary speech are able to was all done on a home-made set, listen to wireless programs. . constructed, as he said, of "any old Excellent educational work is also junk." He never had more than being done in some parts of China, three fairly good. valves. He made although in certain remote districts his condenser out of some pieces of the uneducated fear that the aerials brass washboard and a broken are some devilish form of entangle- photographic developing tray; he ment! improvised other gadgets out of At Jefferson Academy, a mission- odds and ends. For a time he re- ary school twelve miles from Peip- made his batteries by adding zinc ing, a Chinese gentleman, Mr. Eu- and sal-ammoniac to old ones. Later gene J. Fan, is responsible for two he constructed a small dynamo, weekly broadcasts from the school, driven by a water-wheel, and cut up power for the transmission being an old motor battery which he obtained from the Peiping Tram- mounted in test tubes and charged.

ways plant. These programs are The authorities in the district-it picked up by the workers from the was not British territory-were school and also by the village very suspicious of what he was do- churches. Mr. Fan has taught ing, but his success is an indica- many of the boys how to make sets tion of what a missionary, who is of their own, through which they also a wireless enthusiast, may ac- pick up Chinese and Japanese sta- complish.

tions. The Japanese broadcasting Anglican and Roman Catholic system is well developed, and mis- missionaries in East Africa are sionaries are not infrequently in- hoping great things from the de- vited to·speak or preach over them: velopment of educational programs Missionaries on the Gold Coast at the wireless station at Nairobi, of West Africa set their clocks by in Kenya Colony. Some of them Big Ben, in London, but over a can pick up stations as far afield as great area of Africa, atmospherics Java and Australia, but such pro- and the small number of broadcast- grams are of little educational ing centers prevent missionaries value for African listeners.

making much use of wireless pro- Another wireless expert, Mr.

grams. One experienced enthusi- George Kirby Raws, of Liverpool, 3 went out to help Mr. Kendall Gale veloped wireless service in the in a very undeveloped part of northern parts of Australia in con- Madagascar. They get European, nection with its medical centers.

American and South African sta- Each post is. equipped with a wire- tions. Mr. Gale says that it is dif- less outfit through which it is pos- ficult to express what it meant to sible to communicate with their fly- listen-in to a Birmingham concert ing doctor at his center hundreds and to think that his wife and chil- of miles away. At first the great dren in that city were probably difficulty was how to provide a listening-in too. The fact that he simple type of generator for the can hear the preacher breathing transmission of messages. The and some of the congregation Mission solved the problem by the coughing, as he did recently during use of an apparatus, the power for a Westminster Abbey broadcast which is generated by the operator service, seems to eliminate the dis- with a pair of pedals, as if he were tance between Madagascar and cycling. Today the isolated mis- England, and make him a worship- sionaries and nurses can get advice per in London. and help with very little delay. A The more primitive of the Afri- letter from a missionary in the can tribes; who have been able to Gulf of Carpentaria tells how his listen-in to some missionary's set, receiving and transmitting set has soon tire of this white man's won- broken down his feeling of isola- der. They appear to prefer the tion. Last autumn he sent out by gramophone, which is a more un- his transmitter a description of the derstandable mystery, especially as symptoms from which he was suf- the number of records in native fering and shortly afterwards he languages is rapidly increasing. received a message that the remedy One of the first "wireless" instal- was on its way by aeroplane to lations in the Far North was at the catch the boat which visits his is- Moravian Mission School at Nak- land every four months.

kovik, Labrador. It came in re- Missionaries in the Fly River sponse to a Sunday afternoon talk area of New Guinea, where· James six years ago, when Captain Jack- Chalmers was murdered, now pick son mentioned the need for a re- up Australian programs. In the ceiving set. More than one church Gilbert Islands, some of the most in Newfoundland now broadcasts lonely in the Pacific, the Beru Sta- services which are picked up by tion of the London Missionary So- fishing fleets, and by missionaries ciety has a wireless transmitter and settlers in the Far North. In and is able to communicate by Alaska, the missionary at the Pres- Morse Code with the Government byterian Mission at Anchorage, and Phosphate Commission wire- regularly puts his services "on the less operator on Ocean' Island.

air" for the benefit of scattered lis- Last year five hundred Gilbertese teners in those Arctic regions. Bibles were wanted in Beru, so a Frequently wireless brings aid to wireless order was sent via Ocean sufferers in the mission field. In Island and Sydney to the Bible Australia both air and ether enter House. The books were delivered into the regular programs of work by the "John Williams" only four- undertaken by the Australian In- and-a-half months later, whereas land Mission, which has a well-de- ordinarily it would have taken over

SHALL WE ADVANCE?

a year between the sending of the right,' and I've been a Christian message and the delivery of the ever since." This lady later had Bibles. The workers on Beru now evidence of the reality of the new know when they may expect a visit life this man was living, for he was from the "John Williams," or what known everywhere for his truthhat! happened when she is late. worthiness.

A lady who was visiting the In refreshing men and women Pyramids in Egypt asked her in their loneliness in the mission camel~driver if he were a Chris- field with news, amusement, as well tian, "Yes, now," he replied. as services, and as an instrument "Last year, went to England with for the dissemination of knowledge my master. On wireless I heard and the spread of the Christian of Jesus Christ. I heard nothing Message, wireless has an increasbut a voice. I go on my knees and ing part to play in building the I say 'Here am L' Jesus said 'All Kingdom of God.

SHALL WE ADVANCE?

T HE modern missionary move- than when Dr. Wainwright went to ment is more than a century that country forty years ago. old and marvels of spiritual triumph have attended its course. It is not cause for discourage- Millions of people have been con- ment that evangelization is so far verted to Christ; other millions from complete in the world. While have been given Christian educa- the increase of population has outtion. Other millions have been run the increase of Christians, the blessed through its healing agency; influence of false religion has not other millions who have not pro- kept pace with the influence of fessed conversion have been in- Christianity. The world never fluenced by its lofty standards. needed Christ and His Gospel more than men need Him today. These Some people at home, who can- are stirring times and, unless the not make an intelligent appraise- course of events is steered by ment of the situation, are inclined Christ, disaster impends. to conclude that the end of the enterprise must be near at hand. This is the time for advance all Such a conclusion is far from the along the line. The Church of facts. There are 100,000,000 more people in India today who have no Christ has every facility for conmore idea of the meaning of quest, except consecration. Let Christ's name than there were there be a holy abandon to the when William Carey started the work of winning the whole wide modern era of missions. world to God and full dependence on Him, and the Kingdom will There are more people in Japan move forward with greatly accelerwho have no~ heard the Gospel ated step. – Wesleyan Christian Advocate.

FORWARD MOVEMENT IN JAPAN *

BY TOYOHIKO KAGAWA, Tokyo, Japan T HE Kingdom of God Move- correspondingly, and in the period ment is the third great na- of two and one-half years up to tional evangelistic campaign July, 1930, I have received as many in Japan since the turn of the cen- as fifty thousand decision cards.

tury. Though in both of the pre- During a recent trip of only a little vious campaigns some denomina- over a month to North Japan and tions participated, some remained Saghalien, I have had about four outside. This time excepting the thousand cards signed in my meet- Roman and Greek Churches and ings.

the new Holiness Church which It is evident that the Kingdom has hardly had time yet to "find it- of God Movement was launched at self," all the denominations of any the right moment. If we had size are participating, represent- waited until this year to start it, ing a total of more than two hun- it would have been too late. Get- dred thousand believers altogether. ting started before the anti-reli- This campaign is thus more ade- gious movement had gathered mo- quate and more unanimous than mentum it headed it off from the any previous one. beginning, and is already nation- Moreover, the nation is ripe for wide in its influence for Christ.

a great forward Christian move- Consequently Imperial University ment. Millions of people who want professors are commenting on the to believe in the Gospel are remain- belated anti-religious movement, ing unreached. To this fact I can calling it unnatural and expecting testify from my personal experi- that it will not enlist much public ence. After the earthquake of support.

1923 I preached for one hundred The gratifying numerical re- and twenty-four successive nights ports of the Kingdom of God Move- in the various churches of Tokyo, ment should not, however, be mis- and received about 5700 decision interpreted. I have been told that cards from those who had decided some of our friends are counting for Christ in the meetings. In up the statistics and computing 1926 I preached in Osaka and re- the possibilities of winning a mil- ceived about nine thousand; and lion new baptized Christians to in 1927 I travelled about Japan and the churches within the three-year received fifteen thousand. From period of 1930-1932. If the million June, 1928, to June, 1929, I re- are to be won in three years, the ceived . twenty thousand. Mean- first year and a half which is al- while I had become so convinced ready passed should yield a half by these experiences that Japan is million! And by what magic can ready for the Gospel that I ap- the last year and a half of the cam- pealed to the church, and it de- paign be made to bring forth the cided to take up this matter. Since great majority which must be won then the numbers have kept up before the million mark is at- • ICrom the .lapan Ohrl.tian Quarterlv. tained! If anyone is in such a 836 pitch of anxiety, I hasten to dis- days is rapidly corning to its peabuse him. Three years is not riod of effective expression. nearly long enough to win the million, and it was never my idea of A Christian society, and nothing doing so within that period. less, is the goal of the Kingdom of God Movement. Our aim is the What is the Kingdom of God thoroughgoing christianization of Movement? Is it the three years our community. We want to reof cooperative evangelism now be- vive the Koinonia of the early ing conducted by the various de- church, as recorded in the Acts. nominations, organized in some This wonderful early Christian ninety district committees, operat- fellowship, based on a spontaneous ing under the Kingdom of God practice of the principle of the Movement Central Committee? Cross in social economics, was too evanescent. Yet because of it the No. This three-year campaign apostles were able to give their tesis merely one of the elements in timony to the Resurrection "with the total Kingdom of God Move- great power." We shall not regain ment and but a preliminary one. the fulness of their Pentecostal ex- If it serves to unify the denomina- perience until we have re-incartional differences sufficiently to nated Incarnate Love in an organcreate a habit of cooperation in a ization of society embodying the nation-wide Christian program, best light that has been vouchsafed my hopes for it will have been sat- by the Spirit of God through the isfied. two thousand intervening years of human labor and intellectual striv- When the 1930-1932 three-year ings. period shall have been completed, I look forward to what will be the It is idle to speculate as to when real Kingdom of God Movement. the million new baptized Chris- By that time I hope the churches tians will be won to the churches. will be able to work shoulder to They will corne when the church shoulder in carrying out the va- reforms itself so as to fit their rearious elements of the program-a sonable expectations. They are program which is based in every facing the problem of unemploydetail on tested experience. ment. What has Christ to offer them? They are facing the in- Reinforcing the Chw:ch creasingly desperate struggle for existence even while retaining jobs The church should be ready to at ever-lessening wages. They are work as a unity (though the old facing Marxism, with its immense denominational machinery be still concrete experiment before their unchanged, except by the happy eyes in near-by Russia. They loss of its competitiveness): and know more about Marxism with this unit of several hundred thou- its economic program than do most sand Christians will not be work- church members. Unless the Kinging alone. It will be reinforced by dom of God Movement offers a betthe Labor Movement, the Farmers' ter program of economics-better Union, the Proletarian Political in theory, better in sustained ac- Groups, and to a large extent by tion-than . does the Soviet, they the Government itself. To this cannot be expected to flock into the impressive array of constructive forces should be added the Wom- churches. an's Movement, which in these

Is there anything better, as a profit-seeking on an individualistic method of emancipation, than the level, our world has hardly adgrim effectiveness of violent revo- vanced beyond the jungle-stage. lution? To some whose patience is We have applied science to the exexhausted history speaks in the ploitation of natural resources; negative. They point to the long but not yet to the organization of record of wars for freedom. I am production, distribution, credit, startled at the number even of ear- and consumption of manufactured nest Christians, in China, in the prodUcts. We must hasten to take United States, and elsewhere, who the next step, of organization of are today turning toward the Rus- all these processes, and of their resian method as a solution. The sulting human relations. Kingdom of God Movement has abundant historical precedent. Marx fails to show us how to do History has hidden its most pre- this. His idea is merely on the cious nuggets beneath those over- old fighting level. He has no proemphasized records of political gram for the future. It is to the wars and doctrinal controversies. Kingdom of God Movement that Bit by bit we are unearthing this we must look for future programs. priceless history of Love, of the brotherhood movement, which has Our Canadian friends are startbroken out again and again in spite ing a Kingdom of God Movement in of all opposition,-from the second Canada-stimulated by the Kingchapter of Acts onward. Even dom of God Movement. They are the communist movement itself is defining their movement as a a perverted imitation of that great search primarily for the expression Christian fellowship! of the mind of Christ in economics.

The Effect of Marxism The precedents from history af- forded by the brotherhood move- Though its immediate results ment provide us with the methods are remote from that early ideal, of economic and social organizaeventually we shall learn to be tion in which the mind of Christ grateful even for the coming of is manifest. And here again Marx Marxism. When in the tenth cen- helps us. For his followers in tury Christianity lost its purity, Russia, starting out with a pro- Mohammedanism came and puri- gram of violent suppression of the fied Christianity. When in the cooperati.ves, promptly reacted to nineteenth century Christianity reality, and reversed their plans to forgot the poor, Marxism came the revival of the Russian type of and caused us to think of them. cooperatives, within four years of If we had practiced the Cross of the start of the Revolution. Can Jesus, there would have been no we Christians react with equal need for Marxism to come. flexibility?

Marx was a social pathologist. Are we Christians to give up our He has made a diagnosis of the religious program and substitute evils of the present order and for it economic propaganda? By shows us that everywhere its eco- no means. I hope that Christians nomics lack organization. Owing all over this country will increasto the laissez fai1'e system and the ingly become leaders in the indigeacceptance of competition and nous system of cooperatives al- ready in existence in Japan. This they can do mostly as an avocation,

THE FORWARD MOVEMENT IN JAPAN 83!J

without surrending any of their which I hope to win the authorities religious and other duties. But in the medical field, the physicians they must first become educated in themselves, to a program of socio- the Cooperative Movement. A na- economic cooperation, and conse- tion-wide Mutual Aid Sick Coop- quently by the force of their ex- erative Insurance Society is to be ample to convince the laity includ- organized throughout the churches ing the church members. The suc- of Japan, federated in one national cess of this medical cooperative had society. Through this Society for been assured by two factors: by sick-benefits, the church people Dr. Nitobe's consenting to head it; will see the vision and learn the and by the personal life-consecra- genius of the cooperative move- tion of four physicians, all special- ment. Thus introduced to it, they ists in various fields and possessors may be expected to lay hold, also, of higher degrees in medicine.

upon the organization of other so- These men, Dr. Kato, Dr. Hirose, cial services besides sick benefits; Dr. Hattori, and Dr. Sunada, men old age pensions; educational co- in their forties, are at their prime operatives for the education of and possessors of lucrative private children; mothers' pensions; un- practices. Nevertheless, at the employment insurances, etc. They April 20th, 1931, meeting of the may be counted on also for leader- Physicians' Utility Cooperative, ship in the organization of the they circulated a manifesto declar- central economic processes of pro- ing their joint consecration to the duction, distribution, credit and new movement, a testimony to the consumption-in producers' util- early influence of the Y. M. C. A.

ity, credit, and consumers' coop- upon them during their student erative unions. days.

We have enough of these various The immediate objective of the types of cooperatives already in ex- movement is a Cooperative Hos- istence in Japan, and enough of a pital to be located in Shinjiku, tendency to cooperative inherent in with branches to be established in our national fabric, to guarantee various parts of Tokyo Fu, begin- the result, if Christians will put ning in Honjo Ward. Medical into their management both sacri- costs will thus be reduced to the ficial and skilled devotion. Thus minimum and made available to the we have ready the Christian equiv- great middle classes who otherwise alent of Marxism and something can hardly afford to call a physi- that goes far beyond it in philoso- cian. At present only the very phy and effectiveness. For it is rich, or such of the very poor as doubtful whether a society founded get free treatment, may be said to on the principle and practice of have adequate care, medically dictatorship will ever be able to speaking. When the Tokyo coop- apply fully the principle of coop- erative gets well started, we can eration. start all over the country, espe- Medicine and the Kingdom cially in the 2909 villages which are entirely without medical pro- I have therefore decided to con- vision.

centrate effort first on starting Is the Kingdom of God Move- what may be called "The Kingdom ment to cease to be a program of of God Movement in Medicine" by preaching in order to become a

program of economics? By no both sides. Christianity is a Gos- means. The Kingdom of God pel for society as well as for the Movement includes both of these individual. This is the literal activities and is primarily a pro- teaching of the Sermon on the gram of organization. Its first Mount.

year of 1930 saw the organization We know that there are Chrisof preaching in new methods of tian individuals everywhere who evangelism, of which the a. b. c. are not living as Christian citizens. was interdenominational coopera- Many of them are making comtion. Its second year of 1931 is promises with existing economic seeing the organization of Gospel conditions. They are not living up schools to train lay preacliers, both to the declaration Jesus Christ rural and urban. Eventually we made at Nazareth. If they would hope to augment the ordained live up to the true meaning of the clergy by five thousand of such Gospel, there would be no room volunteer workers, trained in the left for Communism. Gospel schools, but able to work at their own charges. Some mysticism is individualis- tic; some is inclined to be emo- By no means shall we lessen the tional, and some, traditional. If emphasis ,on evangelism, which we have mysticism we should make will go on with ever-increasing it ethical mysticism. This was the force as the Gospel schools send distinction between true and false forth their graduates. In 1932 I prophets in Old Testament times. look forward to the organization The reason why the Greek Cathof Christian cooperatives, one by olic Church and religious values in one, beginning with the Physi- general are despised in Soviet Ruscians' Utility Cooperative which is sia is because the Russian State described above, and of which the Church laid emphasis on individfirst unit, the clinic, opened in Sep- ualistic experience and not social tember, 1931, while the hospital is standards. not scheduled to open until two years later. As soon as Christian Christ laid emphasis on social- public sentiment makes it possible ized individuality, as contrasted we hope to follow this Physicians' with egoistic individualism. But Cooperative by one for the laity, unfortunately after the industrial the Mutual Aid Sick Insurance So- revolution came to the world, indi- ciety for church members. And vidualistic competition outside the then on into all the phases of the Church carried the whole culture cooperative movement, using those toward egoism and secularism. If already organized by the govern- we could have managed the great ment, etc., whenever possible. industrial revolution according to Unless Christ is made the centre Christian motivation, this world- of the social movement and of the wide catastrophe would not have religious movement, Japan will taken place. Jesus Christ is today never be saved. The Church in the saying to us, "The Kingdom of past laid emphasis more on the in- God is near; believe in the Gospel, dividual experience of Christ than and repent!" Repent from what?

on making Christ manifest in so- From egotistic individualism, to so- ciety. The Sermon on the Mount cial ethical mysticism, as embodied gives a well-balanced picture of in the Kingdom of God Movement.

LIFE IN AFRICA

AMERICA BY LILLIAN OYLER, Ontario, Oregon .A Mi88ionary in the Sudan and La·ter in Oregan ; FTER twenty-four years' ex- roundings or personal appearance.

flperience as a foreign mission- As a rule, British officers are very ary in Africa, I am now a careful to observe the conventions home missionary in one of the Pa- of refined society and so preserve cific Coast States. We have some- their self-respect, and the respect times heard these two spheres of of the natives. It is even more work contrasted as to importance important that missionaries of and the sacrifice involved. Christ should consider even more It is my conviction that any for- carefully their personal appear- eign missionary makes very little ance and their home life so that personal sacrifice compared with they may lead others to a better that made by the parents who face life. Clothing and household equip- the vacant chair. ment need not be expensive, but At times the cost of living at they should be clean and appro- home is contrasted with that in a priate.

foreign mission field. We have It is true a foreign missionary, found that it costs our family of in some fields, misses congenial four twenty-five per cent more to social life, but it is equally true in live in the sage-brush country of home mission fields. In both fields, Western America than it did on missionaries find it possible to the plains of Africa. The home of create their own enjoyment, and to one who seeks to lead others to a find some method of relaxation higher plane of living, must be a and recreation.

center of C h r i s t ian culture, As to health at home and abroad, whether his living quarters consist Africa is often called "the white of one room or an entire house. All man's grave." True, a tropical who come to that home must find jungle is not a country for a care- there a sincere welcome and this less foreigner, nor for one indif- means added expense. I remember ferent to use common sense. E.

that on one particular trek in Alexander Powell, has well said, Africa we were the guests of an- "A European of average physique other missionary family for a has comparatively little to fear month. Whether we were living in from the diseases of the Congo if a small barge on the river, or were he will practice moderation in all camping on shore in a small hut things, take as much exercise as mad e of coarsely-woven grass possible, keep his body clean, wear mats, within five minutes after his helmet in the sun and mosquito each move that missionary mother boots in the evening, drink water gave to our surroundings a real that has been both boiled and fil- touch of home. tered, sleep under a mosquito net, On the foreign mission field one take quinine either daily or when- is sometimes tempted to think, ever he feels run down, and re- "Oh, anything will do" as to sur- frain from needless worry."

841

One handicap or difficulty that are few and far between, and a foreign missionary must face is worse still, the local schools are the acquisition of the language of usually inefficient and there are no the country or tribe in which he funds to send the children else- works. In many cases this duty is where.

irksome, but to or~ who takes joy For some reason generous indi- in learning to speak a foreign viduals seem much more inclined tongue such work is a delight. to supply extras-such as automo- Even a home missionary must biles-to foreign missionaries than become accustomed to the vernacu- to those at home. Friends and lar of those among whom he works. supporters look upon a worker Both at home and abroad the mis- from foreign fields on furlough as sionaries must acquaint themselves a hero, and give applause which is with the customs and the sur- seldom given a home missionary roundings of their parishioners. who has labored as faithfully al- To the human mind there is a though more inconspicuously.

great contrast between the sins of All missionary work demands Oriental or African countries with much time for Bible study, and the those of so-called Christian lands. daily cultivation of spiritual life.

The evils met in foreign lands and Good literature or a "hobby" can the sins of civilized nations are be utilized as a "safety valve" and all evil in the sight of God, but enables one to accomplish far more one should take into consideration than by continuing on a daily that sins of non-Christian people grind. It is, however, even more are often committed in the name difficult to do this in home mission of their religion, while in Chris- fields than in many foreign lands.

tian lands every evil thought and Both at home and abroad there deed is in direct disobedience to the are humble followers of the Lord teachings and spirit of Christ. Jesus from whom we can learn The salary of a home mission- much in prayer, and there are ary is usually considerably less many souls hungry for sympathy than that of a foreign missionary. and encouragement.

In addition as a rule the traveling There are thousands across the expenses of a foreign missionary seas who have never heard the are paid, including vacation or fur- Gospel, and who are "waiting for lough allowance. A certain sum is the messenger of God who cometh also provided for outfit and freight late." In many foreign fields the charges to the field. Children have indigenous church has reached the a certain allowance made from stage where it is almost autono- birth until the child finishes its mous and where the native Chris- education. Most foreign missions tian forces are doing much of the also have schools, partly financed work for the unevangelized.

by the Foreign Board, to which A recent report of The Home the children may be sent. Missions Council of North Amer- A home missionary in America, ica tells us that, "there are 10,000 however, receives only a monthly communities in America without salary and a portion of his travel- churches of any kind, 30,000 vil- ing expenses to his new field of lages without a resident pastor of labor. This system often works any faith, and 13,400,000 children hardship. Vacations and furloughs under 12 who are receiving no re-

MISSIONARY LIFE IN AFRICA AND AMERICA

ligious instruction whatever." It to let our light shine abroad it is is not difficult for a home mission- clear evidence that it is burning ary to believe such startling state- dimly at home. The rays of our ments. Weare located in a district Christian influence will be weak as large as the State of Vermont across the seas if we fail to begin for which our little struggling con- at Jerusalem. We must first pray gregation is responsible. The for cleansing in our own hearts county contains many villages scat- and lives. If every life and family, tered here and there, with only and community could reflect Christ eleven organized congregations of and would manifest the power of various denominations, served by the Holy Spirit, then the world eight resident ministers, and less would soon be evangelized. than one thousand members. It is more difficult to secure active LITTLE POEMS BY LEPER Christian workers among these CHRISTIANS members than among Christians in foreign fields. The carelessness Interpreted by Lois Johnson Erickson, and indifference are appalling. The Taka-matsu, Japan excuses given for absence from services ar.e as unconvincing and The leper patients at Oshima as untrue as those which we heard have a "Poetry Club" which is one of their greatest sources of pleasin Africa. ure. The Christians print their In this vast county we find con- poems in their monthly magazine and have published enough to make ditions such as are reported by a several volumes. The following fellow missionary in an adjoining poems are from the magazine, and county where many of the young are by different lepers whose folks from twenty to twenty-five names are placed after the several years of age have never previously verses. Each verse is a complete heard a sermon, and many children poem.-Editor of the Presbyterian do not know what a church is. One Survey. family confessed that it was the first time they had heard a minis- The red flame of Jesus' blood ter pray in eighteen years! Back Turns all my frozen heart to fire! in the hills there are hundreds of families who have no means of *** transportation except on horseback, or in a wagon, and they must The soul who knows his God, travel over rocky trails instead of Though of earth's smallest things, on surfaced roads. Up to the great wide heavens The real difficulties and hard- May mount on wings! ships in home missions and foreign missions are not very different. * * .. They are equally important and one cannot exist without the other. Heartily row, children of God, The foundations of foreign work Put forth your strength, are in home missions and if we Face storm without fear neglect to strengthen our stakes at Heed not wind nor night–row on; home we cannot lengthen our cords The harbor of Heaven is near. of influence abroad. *** On the other hand, if we neglect Only Thy power can make my sin-sick o spirit whole, to my soul! Divine Saviour, precious -Hayashi.

* * ::t:: This will I say, that firm I tread the road I cannot see, Because the hand of One-Who-Loves -Takamoto. Is leading me!

GIVE THE GOSPEL TO THE MORMONS?

BY THE REV. WILLIAM E. LA RUE, Washington, D. C.

Author of "The Foundations of Mormonism"

T HE chief need for giving the The Mormons also need to be Gospel of Christ to the Mor- evangelized in order that they may mons is the people themselves. be delivered from the superstition In many respects they are a splen- which binds them with strong did people, sincere and whole- bands that are not easily broken.

hearted in their faith. They are They are taught that entrance into willing to lay their lives upon the celestial glory depends upon faith- altar of sacrifice in order to uphold ful continuance in their faith as and propagate their religion. Not long as life shall last. They are only are they ready to give up their under such a spell of superstition lives to service but are also ready that they will not allow themselves to place their fortunes at the call to doubt. They have been taught of their leaders. that all other churches are man- Most of these people are of made and wrong in the sight of American and English stock. They God, and that the Mormon Church are preeminently religious and is the one and only true Church of many of them have been members God on earth. Notwithstanding of evangelical churches. In many the many obvious errors, and the instances their experience with sins of the leaders, they believe Mormonism is a result of the per- that eternal salvation is to be found sistent activity of Mormon mis- only in Mormonism.

sionaries. Whoever undertakes to carry the The Mormon people need to be Gospel of Christ to Mormons will evangelized in order that they may meet with tremendous difficulties.

have right spiritual leadership. Other sects with false teachings They have spiritual capacity which and corrupt leadership have arisen is in dire need of direction. For and have worn themselves away in some strange reason they have sub- the processes of time. Among the mitted themselves body and soul to Mormons themselves have arisen a the leadership of Mormon proph- number of sects with leaders claim- ets, which has been the chief source ing divine and exclusive preroga- of corruption in their religious life. tives whose devotees remain un- There are several hundreds of wavering until death.

thousands of Mormons who need When a Mormon can no longer evangelizing because of the crude endure the teachings and leader- and perverted teachings which are ship of his cult, he usually either a mixture of truth and error. Once abandons religion entirely, or iden- within the Mormon fold, even to tifies himself with one of the many question these teachings would in- factions.

vite suspicion and ostracism. In The Mormon has a deep convic- former days apostates were quickly tion that if Mormonism is false disposed of so that the people have nothing else is true. He has the accepted the awful things their conviction that all other religions leaders have taught-including are corrupt and false. As he lis- many gods and many wives. tens to an evangelical minister 844 there are psychological barriers to the Mormon people who have read his reception of the truth present- it.

ed. He feels that this minister has In the same spirit, in my volume not the authority to speak such as on "The Foundations of Mormon- is possessed by the Mormon priest- ism," I attempted to demonstrate hood. Every missionary to the from the original documentary Mormons must pursue his labors sources that the foundation prin- knowing that this almost impene- ciples of Mormonism are untenable.

trable wall of prejudice exists. The truth, spoken in love, is the This may be the reason why the only weapon we are justified in effort to evangelize the Mormons using in the contention against this has so far produced little fruit. cult. So far as I know, no attempt What then is the best method to has been made to reply to my book.

pursue to carryon an effective Let Christian workers everywhere work of evangelizing the Mormon show patience and sympathy with people? Is it not worthwhile to the Mormon people, not with any consider some new approach? sin but with the sinner. As he To begin with there should be a may have opportunity let every strong emphasis upon patience and Christian help the Mormons to get sympathy. -In the past most anti- rid of sin.

Mormon propagandists have shown Mohammedans and Mormons a woeful lack of these qualities.

Usually they have publicly de- Both Mohammedans and Mor- nounced the false teachings and mons are devoted to the leadership corrupt practices of Mormonism of so-called prophets; both have without making any constructive special books for which they claim effort to correct them. The evils divine inspiration; both are zealous of Mormonism have been sufficient in the propagation of their faith; to test the patience and to chill the both adhere to doctrines that clash sympathy of anyone but little good with modern civilization. It is can be accomplished without pa- about equally difficult to convert tience and sympathy. A pamphlet either to Christianity. But we must entitled, "Joseph Smith, Jr., as a keep on with the work of evangeli- Translator," issued by the late zation through Christian churches, Bishop F. S. Spalding, of Utah, schools, and community Ii f e.

shows, in the most kindly, yet ef- Churches should hold out a sympa- fective way, that the claims made thetic and helpful hand to every by Joseph Smith, Jr., as a trans- Mormon so as to help him see truth lator of Egyptian would not bear and duty in a new light, and to put the scrutiny of scholarship. The himself under the leadership of Bishop said, "My object in writing Jesus Christ alone.

the pamphlet was not to inform the Many changes are now taking world that Joseph Smith's transla- place in the world of thought. Our tions were inaccurate, and that hope is that the rising generation therefore his claim to be a prophet of the Mormons will, with the aid of God was invalid, but to try to of advanced education, be able to convince the Mormons themselves weigh carefully the claims made of those facts." The publication for Mormonism and will find that of this pamphlet has had a pro- they are wanting.

found and beneficial effect upon Meanwhile the propaganda of

Mormonism goes forward. The The government of the Church is by Mormon choir and the tones of the divine authority through Priesthood…. great organ are heard over the In organic expression and functioning radio from Salt Lake City. Occa- there must be recognized grades and offisionally a new Temple is announced cial prerogatives and responsibility with where secret practices are per- supreme directional control resting in formed that bind men and women the Presidency as the Chief and first…. to the faith by sacred oaths. Just Our form of government is patriarchal or now a great Mormon Church is kingly in that it is the Kingdom of God, under process of erection in Wash- the Kingdom of Heaven. Our form of ington, D. C. This is sure to at- government places the lawmaking powers tract much attention. Statistics in heaven, the law of God being manishow that the membership is main- fested to the Church through His taining a gradual increase and Prophet. about the usual number of missionaries go out to the home and for- This teaching is regarded as a eign field to win converts. reviving of some of the crude Independence, Missouri, has for many years been regarded as the teachings of early Mormonism and Mecca of Mormonism. There are several factions of the cult located a group of aggrieved brethren de- there; among the most promi- clared, "The President's theory of nent are the J osephites, otherwise k now n as the "Reorganized government, while he terms it a Church"; the Brighamites, other- theocratic-democracy, under analwise known as the "Utah Church" ; the Hedrickites, otherwise known ysis proves to be a theocraticas "The Church of Christ." Other factions increase with the years. autocracy." The theories of Presi- The Reorganized Church has found itself in the toils of other and more dent Frederick M. Smith, however, serious troubles in recent years on account of the announcement of the prevailed, since his ideas were doctrine of "Supreme Directional found to be in accord with those Control" by the First Presidency. This is as follows: of his grandfather, founder of Mor- monism.

The student of Mormonism will note what an intricate and com- plicated situation he must meet when he attempts to evangelize the Mormons of any sect; there is hope for all who, like Mr. Thomas W.

Williams, representing the group of dissenters, will dare to say, "Christ alone is our leader."

Let us endeavor to evangelize the Mormons. The people are far too good for Mormonism.

THE FAITH OF A SCIENTIST Science laid the foundations for a new and a stupendous advance in man's conception of God, for a sublimer view of the world and of man's place and destiny in it …. Personally, I believe that essential religion is one of the world's supremest needs, and I believe that one of the greatest contributions that the United States ever can make to world progress will consist in furnishing an example to the world of how the religious life of a nation can evolve intelligently, wholesomely, inspiringly, reverently, completely divorced from all unreason, all superstition and all unwholesome emotionalism.-DR. ROBERT MILLIKAN, President of the Amer'ican A.q.qociation for the Advancement of Science.

OPICS Of THE

Harassed China in a Troubled (Shantung), in Mukden, Kirin, Har- World bin, . Peitaying and other points in Manchuria, and between Chinese and The Christian Gospel of peace and Koreans in Pyengyang, Seoul and else- good will among men, the doctrines of where in Chosen. The Chinese charge the fatherhood of God and the brother- that Japanese have promoted strife hood of man, the centuries of experi- for the purpose of giving an excuse ence in the evil effects of war, the ad- for intervention in Manchuria, which vance of education, the Kellogg Pact, they are said to covet for colonization the League of Nations, the Hague and commercial exploitation. The Jap- Court, and the various peace and in- anese claim that Chinese have bombed ternational fellowship movements all the Japanese railway and have threat- ,seem powerless to keep peace among ened or damaged the lives and prop- nations. The human equation is at erty of Japanese citizens. The Soviet fault. Even "Christian" Europe is Government, sensing danger to the restless, suspicious and like a powder railway, which they control jointly barrel in the midst of sparks. Ap- with the Chinese, has massed troops parently only the vivid memory of the along the border near Manchuli and last World War, the knowledge of the Russian gunboats on the Sungari River fearful cost of another conflict and are reported to have fired on Chinese the calmness of some wi,se statesmen freight boats on the river near Har- keep European nations from flying to bin. There has also been some agita- arms. tion in North Manchuria and inner The peace of China, with one-fourth Mongolia, in Kirin Province, and in of the world's population, is also con- South Manchuria for autonomy and stantly threatened within and without. separation from Nanking. For an un- To communism, militarists, civil war, derstanding of what has been happen- bandits and brigands are added the ing in Manchuria we should remem- sufferings caused by oppressive pov- ber that while Manchuria is a part of erty and the recent devastations due China, treaty concessions make it al- to terrible floods, famine and pesti- most as much Japanese as Chinese lence. On top of all this China is now territory. The Japanese military sys- threatened by the Japanese military tern also leaves the army and navy, in activity in Manchuria, by mob attacks times of emergency, free from civil on Chinese in Chosen and by the control. These two facts make clear Soviet menace on the Siberian border. much that has appeared incomprehen- As to the cause of the troubles in sible in recent events.

Chosen and Manchuria, there are One effect of these disturbances has charges and countercharges between been shown in the ,savage attack on Chinese and Japanese. The difficulty Dr. C. T. Wang, the able and honored seems to have been caused by mutual Foreign Minister of China. Some suspicion and illwill, by a lack of pa- three hundred Chinese students in tience and wise statesmanship and by Nanking beat him severely, accusing the temper of the Japanese militarists. him of weakness in failing to persuade Riots and conflicts occurred between the League of Nations in intervening Japanese and Chinese in Peitaho in Manchuria. Dr. Wang has since 847

resigned; his place in the Kuomintang Protestant Episcopal Missions. – Government has been taken by Dr. Church and mission have sufferi:ld Alfred Sze, formerly Chinese amba~­ heavily. Water surrounded cathedral sador at Washington. and compound at Hankow. Rose to sec- ond floor of some bUildings. Churches In the midst of all this trouble, how- and schools damaged. One thousand ever, there are signs of hope that refugees gathered at Boone College China will gradually emerge "from and Middle School, Wuchang, and these many difficulties. The Japanese other thousands at Wuhu compound. have promised to withdraw their Kuikiang station flooded, also Hsiaktroops from the area not controlled by wan. Missions at Yangchow and Paotreaty which gives them the right to ying suffered heavily. Property damoperate the South Manchuria Railway. age $45,000 Mex. Relief measures The Canton and Nanking leaders are started. making negotiations to end civil war and to form a unified government. Southern Baptist Missions.- Some The floods have receded and measures fields affected but not seriously, so far are being put into operation to combat as is known at present. famine and pestilence. At times it seems to require some great disaster Methodist Episcopal Missions. – to teach the advantages of peace and Thousands of Christians, members of good will. If foes without will not the Methodist Episcopal Church, are take advantage of China's misfortunes in danger of di,sease and starvation. and if the Chinese will withstand com- Relief work has been started. More munist propaganda from Soviet Rus- than half the territorY of Central sia, and student agitatIon in favor of China Conference (24,700 sq. miles war with Japan, is end~d, there is hope with 12,500,000 people) and one-third that peace will come to China at last. of Kiangsi Conference (with 20,000 sq. miles and 8,000,000 people) were The Flood and Missions in China flooded. Thousands of Christians lost homes, farms, crops, goods, churches Chinese Christians and the mission- and schools. Mission hospitals at Wuaries in China have shared with others hu, Kiukiang and Nanchang handiin the awful suffering that has over- capped by food shortage but received taken those who live in the flooded many sufferers who camped on areas along the Yangtze River and the grounds. Grand Canal. The suffering will last for many months to come because of Presbyterian (North) Missions.- the destruction of crops and homes Flood seriously affected four stations. as well as the loss of life involved in Water above first floor of residences the disaster. and dispensary at Changteh. Refugees filled church. Much of Nanking under Letters already received from mis- water. Harvest ruined. Hwaiyuan sion boards having work in the dis- completely inundated. School buildtricts affected, reveal the following ings on high ground cared for refufacts: gees. Nansuchow and Lchow in flooded area but no report received. No build- Evangelical Luthevan Missions (Mis- ings destroyed. Relief work in operasouri and Ohio) .-Loss of some prop- tion. erty and much damage to submerged houses in the Wuhan cities. Mis- China Inland Mission.-Residences sionaries were at Kuling. Chinese and other buildings in Hankow flooded. Christians took refuge in upper stories Changsha (Hunan) flooded. Comof chapels and schools but loost most of munists are a menace. Food supplies their goods. Relief measures inau- low. Starvation and epidemics threaten gurated. Estimated loss to mission survivors. Most of Chengyangkwan $46,000, Mex. (Anhwei) under water.

No word has as yet been received from other missions.

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

Fleming H. Revell can Mi·ssion to Lepers, and for many years was vice-president of the Pres- An honored and beloved member of byterian Board of National Missions. the Board of Directors of THE RE- VIEW, Mr. Fleming H. Revell, entered For Chris~ian character, kindly disinto rest on Sunday, October 11th, at position, business integrity, wise counthe age of eighty-one. Mr. Revell had sel and true friendship, Mr. Revell been in ill health for a number of was highly honored and greatly beyears but had continued his interest loved by a wide circle of friends. in business and in many forms of Christian work until recently when he The Cost of War suffered from a fall at his home in Riverdale-on-the-Hudson, New York. War debts are only a small fraction The directors of THE REVIEW, with of the total cost of international strife. whom he has been intimately associ- The British Chancellor of the Exchegated for the past fifteen years as a uer Snowden reveals the following figfellow worker and friend, will keenly ures for the amount paid on war debts miss his genial and helpful comrad- by France, Italy, Roumania, Greece ship, as will many other boards of and Portugal since the treaty of Verwhich he was a member.. sailles and the sums paid as repara- tions by Germany, Austria, Bulgaria Fleming H. Revell was born in Chi- and Turkey up to June 15th, (period cago on December 11, 1849, and at of about twelve years). the age of twenty started the publishing business. This grew until the To Britwin To America firm which he established was known all over the world, with headquarters France ..•.•.•…. $218,000,000 $200,000,000 in New York and with branches in Italy . . . . . . . . . • • .. 115,000,000 39,000,000 Chicago, Edinburgh and London. They Roumanla …….. 4,375,000 2,700,000 specialized on evangelical literature and rendered a remarkably wide and Greece ……….• 5,875,000 300,000 useful service in publishing the books of such well-known Christian workers Portugal •…••… 8,750,000 as Andrew Murray, A. J. Gordon, D. L. Moody, Arthur T. Pierson, J. Camp- Germany has paid $5,131,500,000 in bell MorgllJl, R. A. Torrey, S. D. Gordon, Ralph Oonnor, Edward A. Steiner, reparations, including deliveries in Robert E. Speer, Arthur J. Brown, John McDowell and others. The firm kind and State properties. Austria also was the largest publisher of home and foreign missionary literature and has paid $4,210,000 by deliveries in in this way exerted, at home and abroad, an influence for good which kind, Bulgaria has paid $13,200,000 cannot be measured. His son, Fleming H. Revell, Jr., succeeds his father in cash and Turkey has paid nothing. in the presidency of the publishing firm. The cost of war also includes the A sister of Mr. Revell married the battleships, fortifications, ammunition, late Dwight L. Moody and thus was early formed with the great evangelist equipment, support of the army and an intimate fellowship that was fruitful in many ways. Mr. Revell was a navy, pensions, bonuses, hospitals, care trustee of the Northfield Schools, founded by Mr. Moody; for twenty- of wounded, insurance, etc., etc. But five years was treasurer of the Ameri- the greatest cost is in the sacrifice of 4 human life; the physical disablement of men, women and children; the dis- eases spread; the diversion of public attention and activity into destructive channels; the destruction of the spirit of brotherhood; the degrading influ- ences exerted; the fierce passions un- leashed; and the spiritual life de- stroyed. These losses and dehumaniz- ing influences are infinitely worse than the financial cost of war-tremendous and far reaching as that is. Civiliza- tion is threatened with destruction to- day-thirteen years after the armi- stice-and yet men and women still prepare for war more than for peace!

BY MRS. F. I. JOHNSON, 150 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW

USEFUL SUGGESTIONS FOR Illustrations for other lines will EFFEOTIVE WORK Ruggest themselves.

By MRS. C. K. LIPPARD Enrolling the Children How to Record Honor Points A missionary cradle roll is often neglected because not properly brought If your organization has an honor to the notice of young mothers. One roll, or uses a credit system, the fol- society had a card printed with a lowing method will prove simple and little empty frame in the center sureffective for either children or adults. rounded by the words: "There is an On a large sheet of cardboard draw empty space in our cradle roll album a series of mountains or hills, each which your baby's face should fill." one marked as one of the goals-as, This was sent to every mother. "All dues paid," "Report sent in promptly," _"Representative sent to The Junior Book, "Open Windows" convention," etc. Head the chart with the words "Hills we have climbed," or Leaders of Junior groups studying "Mountains Scaled." Keep it before Miss Entwistle's book may well take the eyes of members at every meeting. for their own memory verses, Isa. 54: As soon as an honor point is attained, 12-13. paste a flag on top of one peak and have all present rise and sing the And I will make thy windows of agates Doxology. When all peaks are capped and thy gates of carbuncles and all thy with flags paste gold star in center of borders of pleasant stones. chart. And all thy children shall be taught Making Reports Interesting of the Lord; and great shall be the peace of thy children. A report that would be dry when read is often interesting when pre- THE RURAL THEME sented in chart or poster form. A report of work done during a year or Bible Thoughts for Friendly Farmers a biennium may be made up of pictures representing each project, with "So shall ye divide this land unto a brief -sentence to explain each pic- you according to the tribes of Israel. ture, as: "And it shall come to pass that ye Picture of Church in India. shall divide it by lot for an inheritance unto you, and to the strangers that Contributed our share for new sojourn among you, which shall beget building in India. (Amount.) among you; and they shall be unto you as born in the country among the Group of Industrial Workers or Mi- children of Israel; they shall have grants. inheritance with you among the tribes of Israel. Contributed …… toward migrant work. "And it shaH come to pass, that in what tribe the stranger sojourneth; there shall ye give him his inheritance, saith the Lord." Ezekiel 47: 21-23.

Pictures of new members. World Friendship Among Friendly ….. new members received during Farmers year. "They helped everyone his neigh- Pictures of objects sent to fields. bour; and every one said to his Box work contributions ….. . brother, Be of good courage.

850

METHODS FOR WORKERS

"So the carpenter encouraged the "And God said, Let the earth bring goldsmith, and he that smootheth with forth grass, the herb yielding seed, the hammer him that smote with the and the fruit tree yielding fruit after anvil, saying, it is ready for solder- his kind, whose seed is in itself; upon ing; and he fastened it with nails, the earth: and it was so." Gen. 1: 11. that it should not be moved." Isa. 41: 6,7. "And the earth brought forth grass, and herb yielding seed after his kind, A PRAYER OR PRAYElt HYMN and the tree yielding fruit, whose ,seed was in itself, after his kind: and God (For Adults or Children) saw that it was good." Gen. 1: 12.

Lord of the sunshine, Lord of the star- "And in process of time it came to light, pass that Cain brought of the fruit of the ground an offering unto the Lord of the seasons, teach me to know Lord." Gen. 4: 3. How best to love Thee, how best to serve "And Abel, he also brought of the Thee first things of his flock and of the Mid summer's flowers and winter's fat thereof." Gen. 4: 4, (first clause).

snow. The First Covenant (For Beginners and Primaries) "While the earth remaineth, seed- And God said the sun should shine, time and harvest, and cold and heat, and summer and winter and day and The rain should fall, the flowers should night shall not cease." Gen. 8: 22. grow, (Reading Gen. 9: 9-20.) And God said the birds should sing. And it was so, was so. RURAL STOR,tES FROM THE And God said the grass should grow, BIBLE The trees bear fruit, the wind should Old Testament blow, And God said that streams should flow, Birds, flowers, etc., of the Bible And it was so, was so. may be illustrated by boys and girls- drawing, modeling, bringing and past- (Childl'f'u's Hymnal and Service Booh:.) ing pictures.

RURAL STORIES FOR ADULTS Rural paragraphs may be illus- trated. From "The Rural Billion" David, the Shepherd Boy-l Sam. 16. (May be used as basis of discussion) David and Jonathan-l Sam. 19-20. Isaac Seeks a Wife-Gen. 24. 1. Sailors and a Church. Page 136. Jacob and Rachel-Gen. 28. 2. Two Trees in Korea. Page 137 Joseph and His Brothers-Gen. 37: 12- (discuss). 36. 3. A Country Pastor in Africa. Page Joseph in Egypt in Time of Famine- 137 (bottom). Gen. 42: 43-45. 4. A Country Pastor in China. Page Ruth and Boaz-Book of Ruth. 38. 5. Miracle of the Mulberry Trees. New Testament (Same story as above, enlarged and renamed.) Page 38. Jesus at Bethany, (a rural village). 6. An Indian Village Church. Page Jesus at Nazareth, (a rural village). 141. (Enlarge.) Feeding of the Five Thousand, (in the 7. Sam Higginbottom's Parable Ser- mountains) . mon. Page 62. (Basis of discussion on Walk Through the Cornfield. christianizing conditions.) Walk to Emmaus. 8. Feathered and fourfooted mission- The Fig Tree Cursed. aries. Page 50. 9. Story of Moga. (India.) Page 78. OLD TESTMENT RURAL Make a chart of a course in a school in Africa. Page 76. (Discuss.) PARABLES Discuss objectives of this course. Page 77. Parable of the trees and their king, addressed by J otham to the men of RURAL THEME AND THE BmLE Schechem. Judges 9: 7-15.

Old Testament Memory Work Parable of the poor man's ewe lamb, told by Nathan to David. 2 Sam. 12: 1-6. In the Beginning "And the Lord God planted a garden." Gen. 2: 8 (first clause).

Parable of the thistle and the cedar, the country by use of rural pictures addressed by Johash to Amaziah. 2 of the Orient with captions like the Kings 14: 9. . following is effective: Parable of the sluggard and his vine- Christ walked paths like these yard, to the people of Israel. Prov. 24: Christ's first friends were village folk 30-35. Highways like these were trodden by Parable of the unfruitful vineyard, to Jesus the people of Israel. Isa. 5: 1-6. Christ died for folks like these.

Parable of the ploughman, or good out SOME PRAYER METHODS of evil. Isa. 28: 23-29. By MRS. H. W. BIPPUS Parable of the great eagle and the vine. Ezekiel 17: 3-10. (Presented at the Lakeside, Ohio, Institute of Foreign Missions.) Parable of the cedar in Lebanon. Ezekiel 31—-€ntire chapter. Has the missionary group to which I belong great vision, strong motive Parable of the shepherds and the flock. power, or is it just another club going Ezekiel 34—-€ntire chapter. round and round? Are we standing in the hangar with the engine dead, or Parable of the true and false shep- is it purring, throbbing, ready to take herds. Zechariah ll-entire chapter. off to dizzy heights, through fogs of depression, and over barren stretches NEW TESTAMENT RURAL to outposts?

PARABLES Our missions plane may be beauti- ful to behold~ompletely furnished, Mustard Seed-Matt. 13: 31-32. pilot trained, route outlined, engine Sower-Matt. 13: 1-9, 18-23. oiled, and in perfect order, but if Tares-Matt. 13: 24-30, 36-43. there is no fuel in the tank there is Vineyard Laborers-Matt. 20: 1-16. no power, no action. It is impossible Wicked Husband-Matt. 21: 33-46. to get off or to make the journey. Seed Growing Secretly-Mark 4: 26- 29. The prayer life-the devotional part Rich Fool-Luke 12: 16-21. of your missionary society – makes Barren Fig Tree-Luke 13: 1-9. possible the results for which you are The Lost Sheep–Luke 15: 1-7. 'lrganized together. We need power. How shall it be generated? We must RURAL REFERENCES OF JESUS plan definitely for each program a quiet hour that will awaken our mem- Lilies of the Field. bers so that they may experience God Birds of the Air. -may see visions and dream dreams. Sparrows. No haphazard "devotions," hurriedly Behold the Fields-White to Harvest. conducted, will reach into the depths Vineyard. of the souls of our members. Altars Fig Tree. must be lighted with divine fire. Feed My Lambs-Feed My Sheep. Smoldering embers must be fanned. I Am the Good Shepherd. Hearts must be in touch with His. Other Sheep I have. We must allow God to have access to My Yoke Is Easy. our hearts if we expect results.

POSTERS FOR RURAL THEME First let us choose with care the women who shall lead us in this quiet The poem called Vision found in the hour. Perhaps the same one may primary book, "Friendly Farmers," carry through the year. John Masegives the key to One aim of the leader field in his poem "The Everlasting of any age group on the rural theme. Mercy" put into the mouth of the man Our first aim is to get across to our who found Christ these words: "I people the bigness and beauty of the knew that Christ had given me hirth, theme, and the vast opportunities in to brother all the souls of earth." Oh rural areas around the world. Posters with pictures of beautiful rural scenes will help. The caption, Rural Paths in Japan, may depict some scenic marvel in that land of beauty. Rural needs, rural work being done, rural homes and rural people should all be used in artistic posters, to make their appeal for the yet almost untouched millions in country districts of the world. The connecting of Christ with

the glory of the lighted mind. "How re-enlist men in missionary and re- dead I'd been, how dumb, how blind." ligiouB work. We want the womanhood of the Church to have this experience that The committee recommends that they may accomplish their great world Men and Missions Sunday, November task. 15, 1931, be observed at the morning service in each church, and that an For every woman in the church I afternoon interdenominational men's would have prepared a card bearing meeting be held in each city or comthe following: munity.

At 9~OO A. M. Each Day: Suggestions concerning the meet- ings may be secured from the Lay- Repeat P8alm 103: 1-5. men's Missionary Movement, 19 S. Bless the Lord, 0 my soul, and all that LaSalle St., Chicago, Ill., or 419 is within me bless his holy name. Fourth Ave., New York City, or from Bless the Lord, 0 my soul, and forget the secretary of the denominational not all his benefits; missionary board. Who forgiveth all mine iniquities; Who healeth all my diseases; The morning church service should Who redeemeth my life from destruc- include a sermon on a missionary tion; theme, emphasizing the need of par- Who crowneth me with loving kind- ticipation by men; a 10-minute talk ness and tender mercies; by a layman; a missionary hymn sung WhQ satisfieth my mouth with good by men; a Scripture les-son read in things so that my youth is renewed like unison by men and the announcement the eagle's. – of plans for men's meeting,s to discuss My Question-Psalm 118: 12. current missionary literature. What shall I render unto the Lord for all His benefits unto me? Among the topics for discussion are My A'l'Ulwer-Psalm 118: 13-14. suggested such articles as "I Don't I will take the cup of salvation and Believe in Foreign Missions," in THE call upon the name of the Lord-I will MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD pay my vows unto the Lord, yea, in the for May: "The Critics and Missions" presence of all His people. chapter in Dr. Egbert W. Smith's book, "The Desire of All Nations"; For the quiet hour in the meeting "The Testimony of Results," a chaphave some lovely hymn played softly ter in Dr. Stephen J. Corey's new and then have someone tell one of the book, "Missions Matching the Hour"; beautiful stories of Jesus in her own a chapter from Dr. Speer's book "Are words, such as Foreign Missions Done For"? or from Dr. C. H. Patton's new volume, "God's The Lawyer Learns. World." The Centurion's Confidence-Matt. 8: 5-14. A committee ,should be appointed to Peter's Eyes Opened-Acts 10. plan four study sessions for the men The Christian's Challenge-Matt. 28: of the church. Lists of suitable 19-20. Dare you? books can be secured from any board of missions. Words of the hymns should be mimeographed and passed' for reading Sunday Schools and Young People's while piano is played. Societies may make plans to dramatize the Haystack Prayer Meeting at Wil- Quiet prayers should be requested liams College in 1806, on the One days in advance. Hundredth Anniversary of which the Laymen's Missionary Movement was HOW TO USE LAYMEN'S organized twenty-five years ago. A dramatization, prepared by the Coun- MISSIONARY SUNDAY cil of Northern Baptist Laymen, is available through the Laymen's Mis- November 15, 1931, is the Twenty- sionary Movement at 15c each. Fifth Anniversary of the founding of the Laymen's Missionary Movement. In striking contrast to the original meeting of 80 men in the Fifth Avenue Presbyterian Church in New York City in 1906, a thousand meetings are being planned for 80,000 this fall to

A MISSIONARY GEOGRAPHY GAME (Adaptable to Sunday-school or missionary society programs) Make a large reproduction of this map either on a hlackboard or upsonboard. It should be in color. Adapt countries llnd questions to your own denominational work. A well informed woma.n, who can comment on the facts given by the group, can make this an interesting and informing program.

At the Philadelphia Interdenominational Institute, It was suggested that this map drill be used at meetings of women's societies to which meD have been invited as guests. The objective is to demonstrate the value of eoDsecutive mission studies as they are pursued by the women's organizations. A rich supply of facts in answer to the questions on the map are always to be found in your copies of the MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD. .

QUOTATIONS FO:R THE DEVOTIONAL SERVICE For that wide-open avenue of prayer, out of harmony with eternal Jaw.- All radiant with Thy glorious prom- Van Rensselaer Gibson.

ises, I have aSked for a cupful, and the We thank Thee, Lord! ocean remains! I have asked for a sunbeam, and the sun abides! My best -John Oxenham. asking falls immeasurably short of my Father's giving.-J. H. Jowett. "I want to know Thy guiding voice, To walk with Thee each day; The transitions in our modern life, the new problems that arise, the diffi- Dear Master, make me swift to hear culties of the tasks that now and again And ready to obey." fall upon us, we are not afraid of these because we believe in the resurrection. Not till we stand before the Lord- -Robert E. Speer. A nation splendid and unafraid, Made in the image that God made, Christ wills one fiock, and this re- No man a tYrant and none a slave, quires us not only to labor for the re- Shall the world be saved, as He meant union of all Christendom, but to seek that unity of faith which is essential to save. -Angela Morgan. to its achievement and wholesome per- manence.-Francis J. HaU. All life is miraculous in the sense of being mystic and wonderful, but nothing is miraculous in the sense of being

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN

EDITED BY HELEN M. BRICKMAN, 105 East 22d Street, New York Council 01 Women lor Home Missions FLORENCE G. TYLER, 419 Fourth Avenue, New York Federation 01 Woman's Boards 01 Foreign Missions 01 North America LUNCHEON SERVED BY FOHEIGN WOMEN IN TOKIO, JAPAN A WORLD ENCIRCLING CHAIN A REPORT OF THE WORLD DAY OF PRAYER, FEBRUARY 20, 1931 By MRS. JOHN P. WHITE, Member, Joint Committee on World Day of Prayer Never in the history of the Chris- an international character to the ob- tian Church has there been such un- servance of the day.

ceru;ing, united prayer as on February "They helped every one his neigh- 20, 1931. The poet's thought of a. bar," was literally true of the world- world encircling chain of prayer was wide service. The programs were realized on that day when women all mimeographed by the committee in over the world met in pine chapel or charge and sent to forty-six or more stone cathedral, in grove or on moun- countries where they were translated tain top, in great city or small hamlet into various languages and adapted to to join their voices in prayer and the conditions of the various com- praise to the God and Father of our munities. In China the National Chris- Lord Jesus Christ. tian Council took the responsibility of Preparation for this wonderful day printing the programs for all partici- began months in advance. The pro- pating groups; Mexico sent printed gram on the theme, "Ye Shall Be My programs to Puerto Rico; Argentine Witnesses," was prepared by Miss shared her programs with Uruguay Kathleen W. MacArthur, of Canada, a.nd Brazil. Always the offering of and the "Call to Prayer" was prepared the Day was "for others."

by the Baroness van Boetzelrer van Follow this chain as it draws to- Dubbledam, of Holland, thus giving gether the praying women around the 855

world. Let the circle begin at that en came to the place of prayer. Melt- line in our Atlas marked "Antipodes," ing snows in the streets of Hangchow, one hundred and eighty degrees east of China, made walking almost impossible, Greenwich. The Day of Prayer begins yet 200 women assembled for the serv- in New Zealand. Following the circle ice; a snowstorm in Teheran, Persia, around the globe the services con- kept the timid and delicate folk away tinue in Australia, Japan, Philippine but the strong and the brave were Islands, Korea, Manchuria, on through there; riots in Columbia, South China, Tibet, Siam, Burma and India, America, due to political disturbances through Persia, Mesopotamia, Syria made a small meeting, but the few and Turkey, across fifteen countries who attended were so inspired by the of Europe, across the continent of thought of this united prayer and so Africa, across South America and impressed by the beauty of the pro- North America to the Hawaiian Is- gram that they felt others should join IJ!.nds and Alaska, finally reaching the them and the whole service was re- Antipodes again where in the service peated during Easter week. Meetings in the Fiji Islands the circle is com- were held in twenty-five centers in plete. Bulgaria. Some of the churches were ,~filled ,to capacity and in one the seats The Chain Made Strong by Great"'""were all filled and many had to stand.

SomeNoufm'thbeerpsrPayaerrtigcripoautpisngreport~',1,,i,,~::,;""pWrOanilErmi~idn'~Cveanlaodna~ scattered over the distances to attend small gatherings, others reported great some of th~ 600 meetings held in that throngs. Foulassi, Africa had "a land. Wom~n walked for·mBesin thousand plus" in attendance and Africa, in India and in Japan, many Kansas City, Missouri, had fourteen carrying babies as they came. In hundred. Not all the meetings were Korea, likewise, mothers necessarily held in conventional places. In Scot- brought their little ones and some- land, where the day was observed times these "tiny toddlers with their from border to border, meetings were tinkling bells," made the service any- held in cities and towns, and away "in thing else than a "quiet hour." In lonely places where it was impossible the Fiji Islands a terrible hurricane to have organized meetings the serv- which destroyed whole villages in a ice was held by individuals in their certain section prevented the women homes." Three "shut-ins" in Teheran, of Davuileve from observing the Day Persia, ,secured copies of the program as they had planned, but meetings and followed it step by step as it was were held in three other places distant being carried out in the church. Two from the path of the storm.

missionary women in Africa were tak- One of the most remarkable meet- ing a vacation in the mountains. Here ings was held in Johannesburg, South they held a "service of prayer in a Africa. About one thousand women secluded place on the mountain side were there. One group was distin- with trees overhead and rocks for guished by white head kerchiefs and seats, the birds joining in praise to white broad collars over red blouses; the Most High." In India a grove- another group had fur skin caps; an- "God's' first temple" – became the other black blouses and white stoles shrine for a group of worshipers. In and pins showing their society initials.

Africa two chiefs opened their com- "The sight was impressive beyond pounds for the services. In China in words."

one district where the meeting was Linguistic difficulties vanished be- announced to begin "just before cock- fore the fervent spirit of praying crowing" a goodly company of men women. In Korea three nationalities and women assembled at the appointed all in Korean dress were met together.

hour. Three different languages were used, Through much difficulty many worn- not just as a matter of interest but to

H131] WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

A FEW OF THE "THOUSAND PLUS" AT ~'OULASSI. AFRICA accentuate the fact that people of The Chain Enlarged by New Link.. many tongues and nations were meeting in the same service of prayer and For several years reports have come praise. from every state in the union. With each passing year new centers ar e re- In Athens 300 women of diverse ported. New names are added to the races and nations and tongues, many list from lands across the seas. Manof whom had been driven acr oss seas churia, South Africa, Uruguay and as homeless refugees, met in a beauti- the Fiji Islands are new links in the ful spirit of unity. Programs were chain in 1931. printed and hymns sung in Greek, Armenian, Turkish and English. There In every sanctuary new voices were was something wonderful about the heard. The participation of nationals mingled sounds of four languages was encouraging. In past years, in sung together. It seemed to be a fore- mission lands, the whole responsibility cast of the great chorus "which no of planning for the celebration of the man could number, of all nations and World Day of Prayer was in the hands kindreds, and tongues" standing be- of miss ionaries. In 1931 other women fore the throne singing praise to "God made a large contribution to the servwhich sitteth upon the throne and ices. In Burma the Burmese women unto the Lamb." took entire charge of the planning of the program and carried it out in a Again in South Africa prayers were splendid way. offered in Zulu and Lesuto and Isixoya and other dialects. The hymns were In one village in India where there sung in three or four languages but in are a few Christians but no organized perfect unison, softly and reverently church, a group of simple peasant without accompaniment. "The singing women met for prayer. They were illiterate and unaccustomed to taking was beautiful, ri ch, h armonious, grand part in a meeting but that day they -like an organ swel!."

ventured for the first time to utter fire placed on Isaiah's lips truly alive brief petitions. and burning with a message"; Per- "Speaking in public is a very new sian girls giving a pageant depicting and difficult venture for the women of life in India; a "Map Talk" in Japan Bulu Land. One of them prefaced her to make clear the circle of prayer; a remarks by asking to be forgiven for "sweet voiced little mother," at the being so short of breath and fright- foot of the Rockies in Canada, driving ened. She said: 'Who would have miles with her little ones in order to thought a few years ago that a Bulu be present and ·sing, "The Garden of woman would have dared to stand up, Prayer"; a great pageant in Kansas especially before men and talk? It City directed by a professional leader is the "Things of God" that have made and using girls of different nation- us free. Now even a little unimpor- alities-all give little glimpses of the tant woman such as I am can speak spirit of the varied groups over the the things that are in her heart.' " world. _.

After a thrilling address on "Wit- In Portland, Oregon, a business ness through the Ages," a Zulu wom- women's meeting was held at the noon an arose and said: "I do not know hour in a down-town district; in In- very much about the great witnesses dianapolis, Indiana, 350 attended the after Paul and the early church but I special evening service for young peo- will tell you of our people and how, pIe; in Xenia, Ohio, a local pastor led after the· missionaries brought the a prayer service and a missionary on good news to Natal, our people went furlough gave an address to the {)50 out to Gazaland and to the interior, boys and girls in the high school. In and some have died as martyrs and numerous places meetings were held witnesses to the truth." for children. In China in some of the In several centers "witnessing" took girls' schools the whole program was concrete form. In Foulassi, Africa, carried out in a beautiful way.

more than ninety remained after the A permanent organization was ef- great congregation had been dismissed fected in Tokio, Japan, which plans to dedicate themselves in a special way for two additional meetings during to the work of witnessing. In a Chi- the year. At the all-day meeting on nese village, following the meeting, February 20 the foreign women, in the women left the place of prayer and the spirit of Him who said, "I am went out two by two to call on their among you as he that serveth," them- neighbors and to give testimony for selves served lunch to all the as- their Master. In one district in India sembled women.

where pastors called men and women In some places the day was observed together the day was used for the as a quiet day of prayer and medita- opening ·service of a well-planned evan- tion without any announcements or gelistic campaign. In Mexico a young speaking. From 9 a. m. until 5 p. m.

man, a stranger, came into the meet- women came and went engaging in ing. Such a service was new to him; prayer, following the subjects given he became an inquirer and within a on a printed program. The hush was few weeks he, with twenty-three broken now and again by strains of others, was received into the fellow- sweet music as the organist played ship of the church. familiar hymns.

The Chain Made Beautiful by The Chain Made Binding by the Variety in Links Spirft of Unity Chinese women singing, "Watch- Every report breathes a beautiful man, What of the Night?" antipho- spirit of unity. Women in the United nally; a Chinese woman reading the States and Canada, in city and village sixth chapter -of Isaiah and "explain- and country community, met together ing the metaphor, making the coals of to witness-not to the value of their

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

different denominations – but to the world and of a new desire to cooperate power of the living Christ. In foreign in all kingdom service. lands as well, the lines of demarcation, while never distinctly drawn, vanished Not on the stated Day of Prayer as women joined in prayer and praise alone, but throughout the year many to God. Christian women have been "continu- ing instant in prayer" joining the One Chinese woman expressed the Sabbath sunset circle of prayer. thought 'of many; "I thank you sincerely for making pos·sible this fellow- Courage, hope, strength, inspiration ship of intercession. Such a sharing and joy have come to the Church of of prayer life will do much to advance Christ throughout the world because the kingdom on earth." A Japanese of the united prayers of God's chilwoman writing of the meeting at dren. Osaka said; "Who can understand the Wherefore let thy voice rise blessing of the meeting except those For so the whole round earth is every who were there? All were happy to think that the women of the world way were praying for the same objects at Bound by gold chains about the feet of the same time." Far Manchuria, reporting their first observance of the God. day added; "Thank you for making it possible for us to take part in this uni- rHINESE WOMEN WHO SANG AT THE versal Day of Prayer." From a re- SBTlVICE IN ICHOWF'U, SHANTUNG, mote station in Africa came thanks for being permitted to participate in CHINA this world-wide service which, as they said, "brought fresh courage, fresh "Hold Fast in Prayer" hope, fresh inspiration to our jaded spirits." With this as her theme Miss Helen Tupper of Lucknow, India, has pre- The Bulu people felt the sense 'Of pared a beautiful program for the fellowship and expressed it in a splen- next observance of the World Day of did way. The pastor read a greeting Prayer, February 12, 1932. It has and the whole congregation yebe'ed been sent in mimeographed form to (agreed) ; foreign landB where it will be trans- lated into many native languages and To all fellow-worshipers observing the dialects and is also ready in printed World Day of Prayer: form. In order to continue giving the "Call to Prayer" and the "Call to We, meeting in the World Day of Prayer to Young People" free, it has Prayer in Elat, Cameroun, West Africa, been necessary to raise the price of give greetings to all of you in forty-four the program from $1.75 per hundred countries of the world. to $2.00. Price per single copy re- mains the same as in prevh)Us years Today we are happy to give thanks to ~2 cents. Suggestions to leaders will you, our brethren all over the world, be- be furnished free with order for procause certain women of the faith were grams. led by God to create such meetings as are held this day. This shows that you A "Call to Prayer" goes out to all are real gardeners in the garden of God, lands with this message prepared by that you watch and pray because you 8ra. Elisa de PaBcoe, of Mexico: fear the one who wars against the Father and His servants shall come and sow his seeds in the hearts of men.

From all over our own land and from every land come testimonies of joy in being privileged to join the Christian women of the entire world in this fellowship ()f prayer, and evidences of an increasing interest in the extension of Christ's kingdom in the

Ask-for a life 'Of deeper spirituality quarters of the denominational misthat there may come a world-wide Pente- sion boards. C'Ost. The Federation of Woman's Boards Seek-for a life of world-service as of Foreign Missions of North America, church members "that the world may be- National Council of Federated Church lieve." Women and Council of Women for Home Missions are the three interde- Seek-for a life of cooperation and nominational organizations which prounity among churches that the work of mote the World Day 'Of Prayer. If the kingdom may go forward. the reader lives in a community where an observance has not heretofore been Knock-that. the world's door may be held and wishes to start plans for one opened-the Gospel spread-the kingdom in 1932, write for advice and sugestablished. gestions to the Joint Committee on World Day of Prayer, Room 43, 105 It is not too early to place order East 22nd Street, New York, N. Y. for supplies, especially the "Call to Prayer" which may be used weeks be- A PRAYER FOR UNITY fore the day and also at the Sunset Hour each Sabbath until the World "0 God, who didst plan the Gospel Day of Prayer, March 3, 1933. :Bor an undivided Church, refuse not, because of the misunderstandings of Young people's groups are urged to its message which rend the unity of make similar use of the "Call to Christendom, to continue Thy saving Young People." work in the broken order of our mak- ing. Prosper the labor of all Churches The poster (14×22 inches) is the bearing the name of Christ and strivsame design as last year's with space ing to further righteousness and faith at the bottom for insertion of time in Him. Help us to place the truth and place for local meeting. By plac- above our conception of it and joyfully ing a poster in every church in the to recognize the presence of Thy Holy community, store windows and other Spirit wherever He may choose to places of prominence several weeks dwell among men. Teach us wherein before the observance, the date will be we are sectarian in our contention and well known and there will be less like- give us grace humbly to confess our lihood of conflicting engagements. fault to those whom in past days, our Price of the poster is 10 cents. communion has driven from its fellow- ship by ecclesiastical tyranny, spirit- One excellent way of making the ual barrenness or moral inefficiency, World Day of Prayer known is through that we may become worthy and comthe seals for envelopes and letter- petent to bind up in the Church the heads. These are the same design as wounds- of which we are guilty and so to hasten the day when there will be the poster, %xl % inches, 25 cents per one flock under one Shepherd, Jesus Christ, our Lord."-Bishop Brent, hundred, $1.75 per thousand. S01lthern Churchman.

The Service of Consecration, "Look- As we go to press, we learn that Helen ing Unto Jesus," by Jean Grigsby Tupper has become Mrs. H. A. Yusufji. Paxton is again available for use in Her marriage takes her to Jubbulpore, connection with the 1932 observance. India. It is suitable for use by the committee in charge prior to the observance or All things are possible to him who beon the day itself. Price is 10 cents. lieves; they are less difficult to him who hopes; they are easier to him who loves; A history of the World Day of and still more easy to him who practices Prayer will be sent on request. and perseveres in these three virtues.- Brother Lawrence. It is possible that other material may be issued for use on February 12, so watch future issues of this magazine for announcements as well as denominational publications.

All of the World Day of Prayer supplies are to be order(ld from head-

AMERICA mission been established among

During the last thirty years wonder- The Revolt in Cuba ful success has attended the mission- aries in this region, and it seems as if LATIN American unrest has spread only a lack of funds prevents the to Cuba and a serious revolution evangelization of a brave and interestwas threatened under the leadership ing people. of ex-President Menocal. Economic hardship, due to low price and super- fluity of sugar (selling at two cents a Chapel Auto in Puerto Rico pound), has added to the flame of political discontent. The present regime, T HE chapel auto is in service ill whatever party is in power, is always distant parts of the Island of blamed for hard times. Fighting be- Puerto Rico, often taking a little sidgan on August 9th, but the proclama- ing along some country road. Recently tion of marshall law by President Ma- the colporter pitched his tent in one chado, the capture of the ex-president, of the open spaces of a "barrio," and the defeat of the revolutionists (village) of Rio Piedras, where two seem to have suppre&sed the uprising. Sunday-schools are held on Sunday The revolutionists demanded: afternoons. A number in these chapel car services openly confessed Christ. The return to the constitution of 1901. The Christians stand, if necessary, all The reorganization of political parties. through the services, to give their Freedom of press and speech. seats to those who come as strangers A new census and new elections. to the tent, many of whom are hearing Resignation of President Machada, the Gospel for the first time. Candi- "who has unconstitutionally extended his dates, gathered together to be intenure of office." structed, often are numerous enough to make up a congregation. They are Such political and economic trouble taught to pray, to sing the Gospel severely harrasses the work of the message, and to live the Chdstian Christian churches. The American way; they are also taught to give. Presbyterian, Baptists, Methodists and A large number of earnest workers, others have built up a strong work with their pastor, a"e taking the Gosand are cooperating harmoniously, but pel message to the interior homes, far the present poverty is proving a very removed from the central highway.- serious handicap. Watchnwn-Examiner.

Chilean Indians Chile in Confusion T HE South American Missionary ABOUT three months ago Chile be- Society draws attention to the ft came tired of the dictatorship of needs of the Araucanians of southern Chile. For three centuries this tribe President Carlos Ibanez and the fires of Indians heroically struggled against the invader, and in spite of having to stand against European arms and of revolt spread. Wild scenes were methods of warfare, they never ac- enacted in the city streets. As a re- knowledged defeat. The descendants suIt the dictator fled. Then the navy of these warriors still occupy the lands mutinied under Communist impulses for which their forefathers suffered and threatened to set up a Soviet and died. Naturally, they distrusted regime. The mutiny has now been the foreigner, and only recently has a quelled and order established but Com- 861

munist fires smoulder under the sur- mental .outfit. I showed him Luke 22: face. The Chilean Army, under the 36, explaining that Christ and His military dictator, increased from 30,- KingdDm .had been rejected, the new 000 to 70,000 and the national debt order 'Of things which would have been from $125,000,000 to $500,000,000. -ushered in under his reign being re- The Chilean people seek relief from fused by religiDus leaders of his day.

militarism and from over-burdening [But in the account .of the incident in taxation; they need enlightenment in Matthew 26: 52, Jesus rebuked Peter the teachings of Christ concerning the for his use of the sWDrd.] I then told true basis of peace, righteousness and them 'Of the day when Christ shall re- good will. turn to earth and when spears and Revival in Peru swords shall be beaten into plDwshares and war shall cease. There was great DR. GEORGE RIDOUT, after con- astonishment and hungry questions." ducting evangelistic meetings in Lima, Peru, said: "My experience in EUROPE Lima teaches me that a revival of re- Novel Non-Churchgoer Campaign ligion is possible anywhere if God's ANGLICAN and NDnconformist people will meet the conditions." churches in CrDyd'On (LondDn) conducted a novel campaign tD reach Referring to an aeroplane tour of nonchurchgDers. The Bishop of Cr'Oy- dDn and Mr. Idris Evans bODked the South America by Rev. Harry Strach- most popular .open-air cricket pitches an, the editor of the Latin American Evangeli8t, writes: Time was when we thought it abso- for a series of meetings for the eXP'Osilutely necessary to the evangelization of tiDn of Christianity in the light of the continent that God should raise up mDdern knowledge' and social condieloquent Latin American evangelists. tions. At each meeting there was an The years have taught us wisdom. To- address .on a s12ecial subject by an exday, we are asking God to put His Spirit pert, and then time was devoted to upon all the native believers, however answering questions. The devDtional humble, and send them out into the high- part of the service was eliminated. ways and byways to gather in such as The Bish'OP spDke every night fDr a shall be saved. Our converts everywhere week, and was supported by all the are humble people, but they are in touch clergy and ministers of the borDugh. with multitudes of their own class–the Social and industrial questions were class that constitutes the vast majority. discussed, as well as theological and If they were filled with the Holy Spirit, philDsophical problems. Hecklers were how their love and zeal would speed them given full 'Opportunity by the speakers. with the message into'places where the missionary cannot go! Out on the coffee Religion in Norway Schools plantations, the peon would tell his fel-. lows; the washerwoman down by the RELIGION is included in the curricriver side would tell in her own way of ulum .of the scho'Ols in Norway and the joy and peace that are hers, because in other cDuntries with a state religiDn, "Jesus came into her heart." Wherever these believers are aflame with love to Christ. they are doing just that, with blessed results in souls saved.

Evangelizing Chile's Armies according to the United States Office .of EducatiDn. The religiDus instruc- MR. AND MRS. WILLIAM M. tiDn is usually listed first 'On the pro- STRONG, whD have been preach- gram. The age of confirmatiDn in the ing tD natiDnal troDps in both Chile Norwegian Lutheran Church is nDr- and Ecuador consider this the most mally fourteen, that is, at the clDse .of interesting .of all their South Ameri- the folke8kole, (primary: schDDI) when can ministry. At the clDse of a series the child has completed his first step 'Of meetings the oomma:rulante, sur- in religious training. The aim of the rDunded by his officers, asked: "'How CDurse in the middlekole, (secDndary do you reconcile the teachings of Jesus schoDl) is "tD secure a definite knowl- Christ with this 7" indicating the regi- edge of the mDst impDrtant content 'Of

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Bible history, the principal events in 1925. Nine denominations are included church history, together with the in the Council, only the Reformed Christian fundamentals according to churches having as yet refrained from the evangelical Lutheran faith." joining.

Million Dollar Church in Paris Religious Liberty in Italy THE American Church of Paris, a T HE Council of the World's Evan- union Protestant church whose first gelical Alliance has addressed a building was opened in 1857, dedicated letter to Signor Mussolini thanking its new million dollar edifice in Sep- him for "the recent promulgation of tember. The minister, Rev. Joseph W. Decree.'l of the Italian Government un- Cochran, is a Presbyterian, formerly .der which liberty of conscience and of Philadelphia and New York. The worship, first granted in Italy in 1861, church is free from debt, two Amer- is reaffirmed and substantiated for all icans having given $350,000 toward classes and creeds in the Italian kingthe building. Many of the stained dom." The following reply has been glass windows are gifts of American received through the Italian Ambasfriends of the church. The church is sador in London: "I am instructed by a positive influence in the city and is the Head of the Italian Government looked to for spiritual guidance by to thank you on his behalf for your many who have long since broken con- letter of the 2nd July last, and convey tact with their traditional religion. to you his most sincere appreciation The press in all parts of the republic of your acknowledgment of his action is opening its pages as never before in favor of liberty of conscience and to the news of evangelical progress. worship in Italy."

Gospel for Gypsies Finnish Mission Society ABOUT six years ago Jaija Sattler, FROM the annual report of Director member of a gypsy tribe of horse Tarkkanen of the Finnish Mission traders in north Germany, confessed Society, it appears that in Africa, Christ and has since worked as evan- where the Society has been at work gelist among gypsies. Last year he for 60 years, the doors are wide open translated John's Gospel in their dia- for the Gospel. The present number lect and 562 copies of the little book, of Christians in this field is 25,000. bound in red, the gypsy favorite color, During the past year 1,195 candidate~ were distributed during the summer. have applied for baptism.

The gypsies are not educated, nor The work in China is laboring unhave they a literature for preserving der the stress of the times but as a their language. Spending their lives result of the difficulties the Christians on the move, with only occasional there have experienced a deepening of gathering of their clans, their speech their faith and the work has been has fallen into many dialects. This carried forward. In spite of the ravnecessitates the printing of very small ages caused by Communists and baneditions in each dialect, with frequent dits, the hindering of the work, the changes in translation. plundering and destruction of stations, the work itself has &'Qne on. There Holland Has Church Council were 67 baptisms which under the circumstances is considered a very en- A COUNCIL of Churches in the couraging number. Besides, the pros- Netherlands came into being this pects for educational work are bright. year and held its first meeting on May The area oomprises a population of 28, in Utrecht. This most recent of three and one-half millions and among the developments in church federation these there are five male missionaries in Europe is a direct outcome of the at work (with only three married) Universal Christian Conference on and five unmarried female mission- Life and Work, held in Stockholm in

aries. The board is working with a curved in to the pinnacle. ThecSe domes deficit 'of 313,000 marks. were so graceful that they looked like golden bubbles 'On the tops of the (JowDlunism. Decreasing towers. The whole structure stood as E XCEPT in Germany and the Unit- a monument of Russian art and re- ed States, the membership of the ligion. But the Soviets put dynamite Communist Party is said to be now under it and reduced it to a mass of considerably less than it was a few broken stone. This piece of vandalism years ago. This fact was stated at is an illustration of what the anti- the recent meeting of the Communist religious Communists would like to do International Executive Committee in to God and to all religious faith. Their Moscow. Great Britain's figures indi- attitude and acts are a result of igno- cate that Communism finds its most rance, blindness and stupidity. Even favorable soil in times of local unrest. sceptics cry 'Out against such foolish The highest recorded membership of and destructive violence.

the Party in England was 10,730 in September, 1926, during the closing AFR,1;CA of the mines. In 1921 there were 10,- Conference on Children 000 members; early in 1931, 2,711 AN INTERNATIONAL Conference only. A notable feature of the Com- .t:. on African Children, organized munist Party's experience is the ra- by the "Save the Children Inter- pidity with which its new members national Union" wa,s held at Geneva drop away. Considering, therefore, during the summer. Nine experts that the latest figures must still in- were sent by the British Government.

clude a proportion of what might be The Belgian and Italian Governments called "floating" members, the solid were also represented. Delegates from membership of the Party in Great many denominations, including mis- Britain possibly does not much exceed sionaries and several Negroes from 1,000. The heavy loss of new mem- Africa and America took an active bers is almost certainly accounted for part in the discussions. It was de- by two causes: first, that Communism cided that a permanent center of in- promises to the needy and disaffected formation regarding African children what it cannot perform; second, that should be established in Geneva under the Party demands from its members the international union.

a degree of discipline and proselytiz- Conclusions regarding infant mor- ing labor such as only the fanatical tality, education and child labor will are prepared to give. Communism is be submitted to the colonial powers a most exacting form of slavery, and concerned, and to all colonial adminis- not, as is sometimes assumed, a doc- trations in Africa.

trine of perfect freedom.-The Chris- tian (London). Prohibition in Abyssinia Russians Blow Up Cathedral! PROHIBITION agitation has per- meated Ethiopia, says Addison E. Southard, American Minister t'O Abys- T HE Soviet Russians have blown up sinia. the great Cathedral of Moscow, built by Alexander I in commemora- Haile Selassie I, Emperor of Ethition of the defeat of Napoleon. This opia, claims descent from Solomon and was one of the great pieces of Russian the Queen of Sheba. architecture. Its walls rose foursquare pierced by slender windows, on the The Berhanena Salama-Abyssinia's four corners were small towers sur- on:Jy nationally read newspaper- speaks thus of intoxicating drink: mounted with domes, and out of the The harm caused by drink shops is vast structure rose the great central worthy of serious consideration. Prodome, consisting of a tower-like colon- prietors of lands alongside the roads naded base which swelled out and then build two Dr three or more ShDPS, accord- ing to their means, and rent them out.

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

The greater number of these places are teachers, and sent Europeans there, operated as drink shops. In order that they found at least 20,000 who stood receipts may not diminish, the operators steadfastly by the little they had of these shops invite musicians. When learned, waiting for the further light. passers-by hear the voices of musicians they are attracted by the music. Some Other African prophets have been young men approach the shops and listen. They see the home brew displayed in a menace to truth. Carried away by decanters, and they say: "Let us buy a piaster's worth and taste it." ·selfish ambition they have threatened both government and right conduct. Attracted by the conversation, they South Africa has had a succession of tarry and decide to drink more. The these. But instances are not lacking musicians request them to give their where religious awakening has come names. After they have given their through visions to those with Chrisnames the musicians begin to praise tian tendencies. One man, who apthem. parently died, sat up and told of a journey into another world, to a bright Drink shops should be forbidden, as and shining city where all were dressed they have become the source of all sins. in spotless white. One had come and told him to return to earth and call African. Gifts for Education. the people to give up beer and polyga- my and believe the Word of God. His ON THE Buwalasi plateau, 500 feet words were heard with awe by those up on Mount Elgon (Kenya Col- who had gathered to mourn. When ony), a training institution for clergy the man recovered he went everyand teachers is being erected by the where, speaking this simple Gospel of Church Missionary Society. Part of repentance and whoie villages were the money was contributed in England moved by the word of one who seemed and Ireland' and now Archdeacon to have heard in the spirit world the Mathers is bringing the scheme before message that confirmed the mission- African chiefs and congregations in ary's Gospel. the diocese. On one such occasion he says: Revolt in. Belgian Congo The chiefs rose one by one and depre- ECONOMIC depression is felt in the cated the selfish uses of money, county remote Kwango district of Belchiefs promising 100 to 200 shillings, gian Congo in the lowered price of smaller chiefs 60s., 50s., 40s., etc. A na- palm nuts, and the government is contive policeman gave lOs., teachers gave sidering the necessity for a fixed price more than a month's wage. A blind girl because of the natives' inability to gave 2s.; a man going on hands and understand economic fluctuation. Reknees 2s. At Lira when the school chil- cently, serious trouble was precipitated dren were asked if they could manage by so-called "Sons of Satan," a tribe 1008., immediately a forest of hands shot of devil worshipers. A prophet, anup. The people are also bravely tackling nounced that Satan was coming, and the erection of a church to cost £1,000. would bring money, provisions, and It was amusing at several places, where clothes. Natives erected huts around many could not find room inside the their villages, with gifts for Satan, as church, to see heads popping in at small they awaited his arrival. Then the windows, eager to make their promises. natives decided to expel the white man The promises in all amounted to about and dispose of everything belonging £250 ($1,220). to the Europeans. Trouble began in earnest, and rebellion followed. A -The Hope of Africa. European official was seized, killed and eaten by the natives. Punitive meas- "Prop,hets" in A.frica ures on a large .scale were then under- taken, and the revolt has been sub- ONE of the most striking phases of dued. African character is seen in the influence of so-called prophets.

William Harris was an unlettered catechumen of the Wesleyan Mission, who carried his burning zeal for the simple message of Christ all over the Ivory Coast, until French authorities deported him. When the Wesleyans heard the cry of his followers for 5

Religious Freedom in Sudan WESTERN ASIA A MOHAMMEDAN girl of the Su- Moslem Appraises Christian Mis"ions dan recently became a Christian. In Egypt, Copts may turn to Islam, AN ARTICLE in a Moroccan paper, and hundreds do, but in spite of by an outstanding Syrian, speaks constitutional religious liberty, if a on the nonpolitical character of Chris- Mohammedan wishe·s to become a tian missions: Christian, he meets opposition from all sides, and the law is no help to him. It has seemed good to many Moslems, The Egyptian Government has at times insisted upon young women, who whenever propagandists of the Gospel had become Christians, returning to their Mohammedan relatives or guard- appear in any corner of the Moslem ians. The Sudan Government, on the contrary, refused to return the young lands, to say, This is all machination for Mohammedan girl referred to above, to her Mohammedan relative·s on the the purpose of colonizing. I have always ground that she was of age. She has since been baptized, and is in active been and still am against this idea….. . Christian service.-AUiance Weekly. Those who invite to Christianity, and "TThe Hope of ./.frica HE two greatest fO.rces fO.r good who risk their lives for its sake in that are at work III AfrIca today are without doubt the Christian the farthest lands-despising killing, or home and the Christian school," writes a missionary of the Church Mission- death from cholera, or sleeping sickness; ary Society at Gulu, in the Eastern Province of Uganda. "It is the Chris- accepting gladly in its course a rough tian pupils in our schools who are the hope of Africa. It is they who will lhiof~eess,epaanrdatiootnherfrothmingths eir people and make or mar the nation, and so we th at are dear must fit them, body, mind, and spirit, for the tasks that lie before them. To to a man-do not endure all these hard- ships ……for the seeking of worldly aims, but have other-worldly purposes purely; they desire, according to their thought, to guide the rest of mankind into the right way. Truly, I respect these groups …… with all respect, and hope that there may be in Islam some to un- dertake one-tenthousandth part of what these undertake of sacrifice in such a course …… The great mass of them go to all parts of the world, and risk danger, and strive day and night to spread their religion and their intelligence without expecting rewards or thanks. Where are the preachers of Islam, callers to the Koran, who will give generously of their means; cross the deserts, and climb the mountains, and travel the seas to spread the word of monotheism? Where are the societies organized for this praiseworthy purpose?-Alliance Weekly.

do this we must train up more African United Missionary Council men and women who will in their T HE biennial meeting of the United turn lead their pupils 'on to be the best Missioriary Council of Syria and they can be for Christ and for their Palestine, held in Beirut last spring, own people. The call comes for more was the first attended by regular deleworkers to go out to these people. gates from evangelical churches of the Educational work is full of interest two countries. One of the first tasks and fascination in the Elgon Mission of the Educational Union was to surtoday, and full of untold possibilities. vey the extensive areas of Syria and Thousands are clamoring for knowl- Palestine unoccupied by any missionedge and yet there are all too few ary agency. Hundreds of villages are teachers and schools. The people are still untouched, but the new attitude most responsive. 'Send us a teacher,' of receptivity among the non-Chrisis their cry again and again, and often tian population is a challenge. There there are no teachers to send. Surely is an eagerness for education and litwe, with all the educational advan- erature. There is a breaking down tages we enjoy at home ought to give of the extreme rigidity of Islam and them a Christian education that will of the former prejudice against changchange the life of the country." ing one's religron. Public baptisms

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

are possible and converts may ever re- American Board missionary institu- main in their old environment, and tions in Turkey from the point of view there witness for Christ. of religIous education. – The Congre- Other "finding,s" included: The or- gationalist.

ganization of the Christian Medical Council of Syria and Palestine; the INDIA AND BURMA establishment of a clearing house for Gandhi's Appeal for India M information about the development of AHATMA GANDHI gave his first radio broadcast from London and religious and political movements in this area; and an annual life-work it was heard in America on September conference for boys. 13th. He said: "On behalf of India's Prison for "Yellow" Editors semi-starved millions, I appeal to the conscience of mankind to come to the T HE L"nited Press states that news- rescue of people who are dying in or- papers in Turkey must be digni- der to regain their liberty." He defied, or their editors will go to jail. A scribed the human race as "sick unto new law prohibits the elaborating of death of blood-spilling" and as seeking reports of murders, burglaries, and another method of settling differences.

suicides. Any attacks on the institu- "Perhaps it will be the privilege of the tion of monogamous marriage are for- ancient land of India to show the way bidden, as well as detailed reports of out to a hungering world!"

divorce proceedings. It is said that The thing which impressed listeners the highly CO'lored representations of was its sincerity and his admissions suicides in particular, which have ap- of the weakness of the case which he peared in the Turkish press, have been represents. He expressed humiliation responsible for prompting a wave of that Hindus believe that millions of suicides among the young, especially their countrymen are born "untouch- among Turkish women and students. ables." He spoke frankly of the vio- lent divisions between Moslems and Religious Education – Without Reli- Hindus and offered to sign a blank gion'! piece of paper letting his Moslem CAN the religion of Jesus be caught friends write out the agreement. Mr. without being taught? This is a Gandhi is descended from a line of real problem in missionary work. The prime minister,s in his native state.

Turkish Government has placed in- Before he abjured worldly gain, he creasingly stringent regulations in the was earning a good income as an at- way of religious instruction in the torney in British courts. The loincloth schools and other institutions main- that he wears is his armor and a tained bv the American Board in Asia badge of honor, showing his selfsacri- Minor. . The Bible cannot be taught, ficing spirit in the efforts to bring nor religious services held in connec- peace and prosperity to India.

tion with school' work. The teachers are forbidden to discuss religion with Poverty and Illiteracy in India anyone under eighteen years of age T HE report of the British Royal Commission on Labor in India, without the parents' consent. with -seven Indians, and represent- How far can Christian faith be atives of employers and workmen and propagated by ,simple "contagion of character"? Is it sufficient for a mis- one woman, is generallyconsidered the sionary to merely live a truly Chris- most valuable document ever produced tian life without overt efforts at evan- giving reliable and impartial informagelism? These are interesting questions, and exceedingly practical ones. tion about labor conditions in India. W. A. Harper, formerly president of The report says: Elon College, has sailed for the Near East to study the present work of the In India nearly the whole mass of in- dustrial labor is illiterate, a state of affairs which is unknown in any other

country of industrial importance. It is expenditure of about $900,000. This almost impossible to overestimate the will provide a beautiful chapel, two consequences of this disability, which are classroom buildings, library, four labobviously in wages, in health, in produc- oratories, an administration building, tivity, in organization and several other a students union club house, six dordirections. Modern machine industry de- mitories, a swimming pool, athletic pends in a peculiar degree on education, grounds and 35 bungalows for the and the attempt to build it up with an faculty. illiterate body of workers must be difficult and perilous.

Decline of Drink Tramc A Boy in Tra.ining F T IGURES of the excise revenues of HE story of Jito, one of the stu- India for the year, April, 1930, to dents at Ewing Christian High March, 1931, show evidence of con- School, Ludhiana, is as an example of siderable decline. The anti-drink cam- the type of boy who seeks education paign carried on by the National there. Jito enrolled a number of years Congress and its thQusands of volun- ago with a desire for an education, teers all over the country is an im- but had little money with which to portant factor in bringing about this pay his expenses. A friend paid part decline in the revenues from intoxi- and he received a scholarship. He cut cating drink. The general economic kindling wood and worked at any odd depression has also made its contribu- job which he could get. tion, for people naturally give up non- Jito is from the depressed (out- essentials when their ineome declines. caste) classes. He told the principal The total loss of excise revenues for last winter that his greatest desire in one year in all the provinces is 34,- life was to become a Christian min- 845,000 rupees, (about $13,500,000). ister. With that as his goal he is attending a training class for teachers Christian Educa.tion for Men and after that will learn a trade, per- DR. E. D. LUCAS, President of For- haps weaving, so that he will have man Christian College, recently -some means of helping to support himsaid that the next ten years in India self, should his congregation not be are going to be perhaps the most able to meet all his expenses.

critical years in India'-s long history: Fifty Years in Ongole and what India becomes and does in these ten years will be of great sig- T HE golden jubilee of the Ongole nificance to the entire world. He con- High School in South India was tinued: celebrated early this year. During "America has done big things in these past fifty years more than 4,200 Christian education for China, the boys have attended this American Philippines, the Near 'East and for Baptist Mission school. The influence Egypt, but we have not a single well- of this institution among the Telugus endowed or well-equipped American can scarcely be overestimated. Gradu- Christian college for men in India. A ates are filling positions of trust both college, which for the present receives in and out of the mission, ranging substantial help in men and money from doctors in mission hospitals, from America, with its -spirit and con- teachers and headmasters in schools, trol thoroughly Indian, is what Chris- from village primary to normal train- tian India wants for the training of ing schools, agriculturalists, clerks, her best sons and for helpful, fruitful school inspectors, agents in govern- service to non-Christian India. ment offices, and many other positions "For this new college of our dreams, of interest. Those in charge of the we have secured and'paid for the new school aim so to permeate the institu- site of 200 acres, we have in the sale tion with the spirit of Christ, and value of our present site about $500,- surround the boys with the Christian 000. Our building plans call for an atmosphere that they will be eager

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

and ready to represent him in what- CH.~A ever work they do in India.-Watchman-Examiner. Christianity at Work Christian Leadership in Burma DR. C. Y. CHENG, foremost Chris- tian leader of China, was a rJ' HRA )fAUNG YIN is a product speaker at the International C. E. .1 of foreign missions. His efficiency, Convention in San Francisco. His observations on the religious tug of zeal and wise administration have war going on in China are of interest. brought him deserved commendation. He says that the spirit of bewilder- He is an acknowledged leader, wise in ment has passed and a changed attiall his efforts, commanding the respect tude from inertia to activity has come and good will of all races among whom over the Christian Church, which has he works. been kept busy during the past two years in practical projects for the un- When he enlisted for work among fortunate. Many forms of applied rethe non-Christians during his first long ligion have been attempted with good vacation while attending the Theo- effects, notably the famine relief work logical Seminary, the villagers where for the ·suffering millions. The Nawe asked him to stay and work re- tional Christian Council is considering fused to receive him, yet he quietly practical measures for helping the stayed, helping them in their houses economic conditions. A number of and field manual work, meantime gain- Christian Qr semi-Christian organizaing the interest and cooperation and tions are facing some of the more admiration of the children. Then he urgent social problems, such as child started a school and of course estab- welfare, opium traffic and mass edulished a choir. The pupils helped him cation. There is also a new consciousbuild a rough school building, but it ness of the importance of the home, was soon burned. They built another and much attention has been given to and that, too, was burned. Somewhat efforts for the christianization of the later they built a third which is still home life of China. standing. When he had to go back to the Seminary they all begged him On the other hand, opposing forces to come back to them during the next against Christianity have never been vacation. so bold and positive in their denunci- ations and criticisms. More literature That was almost 30 years ago and has been published in recent years now that village is Christian and the against the Christian religion than in center of several other villages which all past years; yet the circulation of also have become Chri.stian. There is the Bible has been singularly successno church which would not gladly call ful. General Chang Chih-chiang orhim as pastor if a new one were re- dered specially bound copies from the quired. American Bible Society for his Chris- tian and non-Christian friends, and He served for two years as chaplain had printed on the covers, "This is during the War and baptized 137 con- the greatest book in the world." verts from his regiment, Burmans, Pwo Karens and Sgaw Karens, who Missionaries and the Church in China have stood the test of time admirably. The English commanding officer ex- THE position of the missionary in pressed the greatest regret that he the Church of Christ in China is could not stay longer and gave him discussed in an address by Dr. A. R. the highest recommendation as to his Kepler, General Secretary of the Seccharacter and abilities. ond Assembly of the Church of Christ in China. Because of the lack of uni- It is now his ambition to have every formity in practice Dr. Kepler makes church in the Baptist Association a the following proposals :- center of evangelism, dennitely pledged to active participation. – Dr. C. A. Nichols.

(1) That missionaries now holding ing a worthy reply to her detractors membership only in the Church in in the Five-Year Movement, 8eeking China be advised to restore their mem- to build up her own spiritual life, make bership in their Mother Church in the active Christian centers of her homes, West. (2) That we urge all local reach out to the unevangelized with churches, district associations and the Gospel of Christ, and to offer servsynods to receive missionaries work- ice to the illiterate, the ignorant, the ing in the Church in China as cooper- poor and oppressed, the victims of an ative members, and that as long as unjust social order and the rapidly dethey work in our Church, they shall vel9ping industrial system. 5. Rural have all the privileges and responsi- church work has entered on a new bilities that the Chinese have in the era of effectiveness. 6. Most signifisame work. (3) That we ask each cant was the public baptism of the church, district association and synod virtual President of the Republic, to provide on its membership rolls a Chiang K'ai-Shek. classification known as cooperative members, on which the missionaries Communism.'s Strength and Weakness working under the control of our Church shall be placed. (4) That other T HE present strength of Commumissionaries not working under the nism in China is seen in the folcQntrol of the Church in China, but lowing figures: their five generals working in affiliated organizations, control four armies totaling 60,000 such as the Y. M. C. A., the Y. W. C. soldiers. A., National Christian Council, Christian Literature Society, etc., may also These Communists operate in five be made cooperative members by the provinces, actually rule over 50,000 vote of the local church, district as- square miles, have the cooperation of sociation or synod. (5) Where the wife Russia, the ,sympathy and support of of a missionary does full-time WQrk millions of peasants and workers, and under the Church, she shall, as a mem- when they are attacked by national ber of the local church, have all the troops, groups of mutino~s soldiers privileges of church members.-The continually join them. In two vears United Church Review. they caused 28 mutinies in th~ na- tional armie;; and stirred up 184 The Church Marches On strikes in Shanghai alone. T. T. Lew reports that of 600 books printed in T HE London Missionary Society China during the first five months of thus sums up the progress made 1930, two-thirds were on social probby the Chinese Christian Church. 1. lems, and at least 400 were colored by The violent anti-foreign movement Communism or were thoroughly Comhas shorn the Church of political pres- munistic. Their leaders are well edutige, leaving her stronger spiritually, cated and courageous; many have and free to become a veritable Chinese studied in Moscow or other places in Church. 2. The same thing ·stimulated, Europe. even precipitated, the growth of selfgovernment. The Church during this Withal, it is not considered likely time has taken over from the missions that Communism will dominate China many responsibilities and is preparing because it violates the Chinese demoto assume more. 3. The union of Con- cratic instinct, her social and family gregational and Presbyterian elements ideas, as well as her love of comprois attracting to itself other denomina- mise and peaceful methods. tional groups and is building up a strong Church organization. A pro- Peaceful Activities of the Army visional General Assembly was held in 1925, and the first full meeting two FOR the first time in the history of years ·later. 4. The church is mak- China, soldiers of the National Army have been utilized in a purely civil undertaking completely in charge of civilians, acccrding to a letter re-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ceived by the Board of Foreign Mis- was a burglar and although the missions of the Presbyterian Church, U. sionary had not aimed to kill him and S. A. The occasion was the formal had not even intended to wound him, opening of the $1,000,000 Satochu still the shooting was not justifiable. Canal on the Yellow River, running They said: almost 50 miles to the Black River, with about 150 miles of branch water- Although Dr. Tucker, in protecting the ways cutting off from the main canal. hospital property, felt it necessary to The soldiers in uniform were im- shoot, certainly the taking of life is conpres,sed into the service in order to trary to the purpose of a missionary in have the canal ready on schedule time. coming to China. As the missionary pro- The canal was conceived and consum- claims the Gospel of Jesus, who sacrificed mated in the hope that it will help His life for others, so the missionary's convert the Yellow River, known as acts should exemplify the Christian "China's Sorrow," into "China's Bless- spirit. Accordingly the present group ing." absolutely disapproves of this fatal shooting, unintentional though it was, " 0A Chinese ArDlY Decalogue and likewise disapproves of a mission- MEA," an organization of influ- ary using deadly firearms to protect ence in the nationalist armies of property. China, signifies "Officers Moral Endeavor Association." The body is pat- The American and British business terned after the Y. M. C. A. and has men in China have strongly taken the adopted ten commandments formu- opposite view. Certainly the incident lated by General Chiang Kai-shek, is much to be regretted, although the president. They are: missionary may be exonerated. It is the conviction of many Christians that 1. Thou shalt not covet rifles. the taking of the life of another is not 2. Thou shalt not fear to die. justifiable, even in the defence of one's 3. Thou shalt not ostentatiously personal life and property.

show thyself. JAPAN-CHOSEN 4. Thou shalt not be proud. 5. Thou shalt not be lazy. Lack of Religious Liberty in Japan 6. Thou shalt not commit adultery CHRISTIAN schools in Japan have nor gamble. been laboring under a serious 7. Thou shalt not smoke. handicap in their effort to provide re- 8. Thou shalt not borrow money. ligious education for their students. 9. Thou shalt not drink wine. 10. Thou shalt not lie. On August 3, 1899, the Department of Education issued a regulation which Shan Missionaries Shoot? reads as follows: T HE fatal shooting of a Chinese Since it is highly important to keep burglar by Dr. F. F. Tucker, in general education separate from religion, the Williams-Porter Hospital of the therefore it shall not be allowed in American Board Mission at Tehchow government and public schools and in last July, created a diplomatic incident schools conforming to the curriculum which was settled by the release of the ordained by law, to conduct religious missionary in custody of the Ameri- ceremonies even outside of the regular can consul at Tsinan. Twenty-seven curriculum. members ,of the American Board Mission, of which Dr. Tucker was a mem- This ordinance has forbidden reliber, sent a statement of their attitude gious instruction and religious ceretoward the incident to the vernacular monies in all government and public and English-language pres,s. These schools and in all schools which sought missionaries, who did not sign their full government recognition. names, held that, although the Chinese Schools which were willing to for- feit the privileges and advantages of government recognition could p"ovide for religious education in their cur- riculum and hold religious meetings in their school buildings. Such schools are at a great disadvantage because

of the fact that graduates of recog- rate per 1,000 fell from 19.6 to 16.7, nized public schools may go on to and the infant mortality fell to 65 per higher institutions without an exam- 1,000 births as compared to the averination: also these students get the age of 156 for the whole of Japan. privilege of postponing military training until after graduation, and they The National Brewers and Distillers get preferential treatment in securing League faces the probability (on their government appointments and public own e·stimate) of a decreased coneducational institutions. sumption this year of 25 per cent and memoralized the Government to forbid The result is that ambitious young all in official positions from in any way people apply first of all to government supporting or furthering the Temand public institutions and if they fail perance Movement! to get in there they take the Christian and private schools as a second choice. Hara Kiri and Temperance This means that the best and brightest students, as a rule, are found in AT THE annual conference of the government and public schools while Japan Temperance League, in the Christian and other private schools ancient capital of Nara, 800 represenhave to be content with students of. tative tempe"ance workers gathered lesser ability. from practically every prefecture in the empire. There are now 2,111 tem- A Dry Villa.ge in Japan perance societies reported, an increase of 555 during the year. NOTO,a village of 3,000 population, is the first "dry" village in Japan. The sacrificial enthusiasm of the (There are now 54 dry, in whole or in workers for temperance is shown in part.) When the village school was the remarkable fact that a year ago destroyed by fire five years ago the 54 persons banded themselves tovillage was too poor to rebuild. At gether, vowing each to organize one that time the average amount spent new society during the year or else yearly by the villagers in sake was commit hara kiri before the assembled about Yen 9,000. They figured that delegates! This band was able to refive years' abstinence would build a port 85 new societies due to the efforts new school and by vote of the Village of members. The "Hara Kiri" Band Council decided to go "dry" for a five- was reorganized with 85 members this year period. That new school build- year. ing has now been paid for, and the benefit of abstinence has been so The average amount of sake manumarked that the council voted to ex- factured in the empire during the five tend the term for five years further. years 1925-29 shows a decrease of 6% Mr. Moriyama, headman of the village, per cent over the previous five years. gives statistics showing that progress There is, however, a 16 per cent per had been made in every department. capita increase over the year 1913. The total taxes on sake amount to Yen In 1925 there were in Co-op. Society 20,000,000 per year. 369 members with Yen 27,819 deposits. Crisis in Christian Education In 1930 there were in Co-op. Society 523 members with Yen 37,973 deposits. T HERE is a general feeling that all is not well with Christian educa- In 1925 there were P.O. Savings by tion in Japan. There is a growing 1,787 persons of Yen 4,797. spirit of dissatis{action with things as they are. The tendency has been In 1930 there were P.O. Savings by to leave some weakness as an inevi- 2,546 persons of Yen 9,395. table result of circumstances over which Christian educators have no Health was better. Men reported control; but today the question is beas able to do twice as much work as ing asked seriously as to whether these before. Patients in the local hospitals circumstances are not threatening the decreased steadily from 206 in 1925 to 113 in 1930. The general death

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

very raison d'etre of Christian edu- nese. Possibly they were stimulated cation. Two suggestions seem to be by Japanese of the sQ-called Man- outstanding in the minds of those churia-MongQlia party who are agitat- who have given their best thought Qn ing to extend Japan's sphere of in- the subject. One is the need of a fluence in these two regions. The drastic reduction of numbers, the Japanese authQrities apparently were Qther is a fearless PQlicy of unity. For very remiss in failing to protect the the future of Christian education the Chinese and to disbul"Se the Korean two must stand or fall together; but mobs. The police claimed to' have in- either, if carried into effect, will re- sufficient forces at hand but a few quire courageQUS action. Will the armed Japanese police might have con- churches and mission boards allQw trolled the situation. Only the lQwer such actiQn to be taken? – Japan classes of Koreans – ignorant and Ch1'istian Quarterly. easily inflamed tQQk part in the at- tacks. Whenever Japanese soldiers or A Japanese Philanthropist armed police appeared on the scene AJAPANESE layman, who is al- they had no difficulty in restoring or- ready giving a son to the church's der. ministry, is now establishing a trust fund of about $100,000 gold, the in- The Chinese are convinced that the come to be used fQr the church in the attacks were at least winked at by the Tohoku District, after the death of Japanese authorities in Qrder to crethe donor and his wife, It is an epoch- ate a situation that would justify the marking event. occupation of new districts in Man- churia. The Chinese Consul General Dr. Imaizumi, the giver, it fine in SeQul reports that attention Qf Christian gentleman and a professQr Japanese authorities was called to ruin the Imperial University at Sendai, mors of impending riots but this said simply that he felt everything he notice was ignored. The subsequent possessed he held in trust fQr GQd and occupatiQn of Mukden by Japanese His Church and that the time had troops gives additional cause for suscO'me when he must prepare to give piciQn that the military party in Japan up his stewardship. is nQt guiltless.

As a result of these cQnflicts, China Chinese in Chosen has refused Japanese cQntributi{)ns to- UNFORTUNATE attacks Qn Chi- ward relief of flood sufferers, has de- nese occured last July in several clared a boycott on Japanese goods Korean cities, and several hundred in- and has appealed to' the League of nQcent Chinese were killed or severely Nations to' investigate the Manchurian injured. Many shQPs and hQmes were situation.

alsO' burned 0'1' IOQted and hundreds of thQusands of dQllars WQrth Qf gQQds Christisns in Korea A were destrQYed. The attacks seem to' J APANESE gentleman recently told his traveling cQmpanion Qn have started in Gensan and later spread to PYengyang, Seoul and other the train that abQut half of the Korean centers. The immediate cause was peQple were Christians, While this is dQubtless the "WanpaQshan Incident" far frQm true, none can deny that the when a clash occurred Qn July 2nd Christian religiQn is a vital and in- between the KQreans and Chinese in creasingly potent factor in the lives of cQnnectiQn with the excavatiQn Qf a the Koreans. The extreme poverty, river channel. superstitiQn and ignorance of the peo- From the most authentic reports it ple, and the absence of traditional seems evident that some Japanese lQyalty to other weIl-Qrganized faiths, newspapers enlarged and misrepre- has given the Christians a peculiar sented the "incident" fQr the purpose advantage in Chosen. The tQtal num- of inflaming Koreans against the Chi- ber Qf KQrean cQmmunicants in PrQt-

estant churches is approximately 260,- world, has been helping with the kin- 000. In proportion to the population dergarten work. The public school au- that is about three times the member- thorities, offered her a salary almost ship of the churches in Japan, al- three times larger than the one she though Protestant missions have been received, if she would give up the conducted less than fifty years in mission work and accept a position in Korea and more than sixty-five years the government school. But she re- in Japan. plied, "No, I have already found my work, and am so happy in it, I would ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC not think of leaving it for any amount of salary." rrThe Bible for the Moros HE Rev. G. B. Cameron, Secretary A successful Sunday-school conven- for the Phi.lippine Islands, writes tion had as a speaker, Hon. Theodore in the Bible Society Record, of the Yangoo, one of the wealthiest men in restrictions in evangelizing Moham- the islands and who was the first resimedans: dent commissioner to represent the "Until recently some government Philippines in Washington in 1908officials adhered strictly to a policy 1910. He is a member of the Manila of noninterference with the religion Presbyterian church and a gl'eat philof the Mohammedans, and discouraged anthropist.

or frustrated any attempt of mission- aries to teach the Mohammedans about Pioneering in Dutch East Indies T Christianity. Lately, however, the HREE years ago the whole east coast of Borneo was without a misbars have been let down somewhat. A few courageous souls have been quietly sionary; nor was there any in interior carrying on among the Moros for some Borneo, with its one million popula- years, and lately three separate mis- tion, none in Bali, Lombok or Sum- sions have openly undertaken evan- bawa, the three islands east of Java gelistic work in different sections of and only one in the southwestern pen- the Moro field, with encouraging re- insula of the Celebes. Now, under the sults. Alliance Mission and the Chinese For- "Missionaries are clamoring for eign Missionary Union eight stations Moro Scriptures – in three dialects! in all are in operation. Bali, largest The mission in Sulu wants the Gos- in' population of the three islands, had pels and later the New Testament put a Dutch missionary 60 years ago, but up in such a way as to reach the three was martyred by the Balinese; and schools. This means a triglot-a sec- since then Dutch colonial authority tion on one side of the open pages has prohibited missionary work there.

in Arabic script (the sacred writing) In Lombok, the only barrier is one of for the datu class, and on the opposite language, while in Sumbawa, Moham- page, in two sections, the same ac- medanism is strongly entrenched.

count in Romanized letters and in The "Courier," a little motor launch, English." 42 feet long by 11 feet wide, the gift of Rev. Paul Rader's people in Chi- Work for Filipino Children cago, arrived at the end of last year T HE Rev. Charles N. Magill, D.D., and will prove helpful in carrying the a Presbyterian missionary at Ta- Gospel message to the interior of yaba, Philippine lslands, has been con- Borneo.

ducting services five nights a week.

Every Sunday afternoon and Tuesday NORTH AMERICA evening classes are held for fifty boys Men and Mi"8on8 Sunday N and girls between the ages of six and OVEMBER 15th marks the 25th anniversary of the founding of twelve. Miss Babista, who has been in the Laymen's Missionary Movement.

America and traveled around the By action of many mission boards, this

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

day is to be known as "Men and Mis- which the issues that lie at the center sions Sunday." of all the church's efforts were dis- cussed by notable speakers. Every minister is being asked to preach on some phase of the theme of Peace Meeting. in 150 Cities the day. "HOW may another world war be Where the order of service permits, averted?" was the theme di·s- a layman may be requested to speak on the same topic – "Men and Mis- cussed at peace mass meetings held in sions"-for five or ten minutes. 150 cities across the United States and Canada, during the week, Oct. 25-31, Men's Bible Classes are also invited under the auspices of the World Toto give time to discuss that theme. morrow. These meetings were spon- sored by a committee of 275 distin- Every religious speaker on the air guished peace leader,s. Five major that day is being requested to call topics were discussed at the meetings: men to renewed interest in the study disarmament, world organization, reof missions at home and abroad. moving causes of hostility, war resist- ance and education for peace. The An interdenominational men's meet- largest auditoriums available were ing is to be held in the Fifth Avenue reserved in the various cities and not Presbyterian church in the afternoon less than 200 outstanding peace advoat 4 o'clock, and simultaneous men's cates will speak at the meetings. meetings in other cities from coast to coast. Broadcasting Religion Warning to Girls ASTRIKING demonstration that the message of Christ may be heard T HE Welfare Council of New York, over a whole continent at once, through an organization which coordinates the radio which uses the waves of invarious social agencies, has issued a visible ether, was the inauguration of warning to young women out of work "The Church of the Air" on Sunday, to avoid New York City. The alluring September 27th, by the Columbia pictures of life in the great metropol- Broadcasting System. At 10 A. M., itan centers, drawn by fiction writers 2: 30 and 5: 00 P. M., an Episcopalian, and moving picture producers are a Roman Catholic and a Jewish rabbi false. The Welfare Council estimates spoke to the whole country, from Denthat there are 100,000 girls and un- ver, Boston and New York. married young women among the army of unemployed in New York City Disciples Cut Expenses today and calls attention to the fact that while the cost of living has gone DEFICIENCY in gifts and increased down in New York so have wages for deficit for the missionary year, girls. Long continued unemployment has led the United Christian Missionand greatly reduced wages have forced ary Society, (Disciples of Christ) to thousands of girls to lower standards vote an adjustment of $175,000 in the of living. Many girls try to save on budget. This will involve the reducrent by seeking rooms in poorer neigh- tion of salaries of officers of the soborhoods, often with' distressing re- ciety and workers in the homeland, sults and increased temptations and reduction of the headquarters staff dangers. Today it is harder than ever and economy in promotion; also large for the out~of-town girls to find work cuts in religious and missionary eduin large cities. cation, in home missions and benevo- lence; in the field of foreign missions, C!lnadian Churchmen Hold Mission- the reduction will involve the with- drawal of missionaries from Tibet and ary Congress Jamaica and most of the workers in AGREAT gathering of mini,sters and laymen of the conferences of Ontario and Quebec was held Oct. 1 and 2. It was a missionary congress, at

the Philippines–placing the burden in house, and he is the first tD be dis- the Philippines largely on the Filipino charged in time of unemployment.

Jeaders. Between 1885 and 1925 over 4,200 per- sons were lynched, or an average of Town Churches and Country Needs two per week for forty years. After T HE country church seems to many greatly reducing the number, there to be growing less important in has been a recrudescence of lynchings American religious life. Farmers and during the past year. the people of the small viIIages can now go to the larger towns and at- While the Mohammedan world is actend services in larger churches. But tually practicing racial brotherhood, and the communist world equal com- churches and ministers have some- radeship regardless of race, the United thing more to do than furnish sermons States is unwilling to give the Negro and services of worship, and very few federal protection by law against town churches project their ministry lynching, and the majority of white into the surrounding rural communi- Americans, despite years Df preaching ties. Specific data supporting these and student discussion groups, appar- general statements have been coming ently are not prepared to practice ra- to light in a survey of twa counties in cial brotherhood. There can be no Nebraska by Dr. J. R. Hargreaves. question but that we should have a He found that when a rural area has wDrld of brotherhoDd in race relations no center for its relighms life, its if the ideals of Jesus were realized.

population generally lacks the other Although we seem far from its realiza- integrating agencies that bind the tion, Christian love wiII surely make residents of a district together. So- some beginnings today in the practice cial, cultural and economic organiza- of equal brotherhood that wiII be both tion tends to evaporate with religious costly and sacrificiaL-Sherwood Ed- organization. The country and village dy.

people tend to become detached and ir- GENERAL responsible suburbanites without true fellowship in Christian activities. The World Alliance Conference Race aJ,ld Brotherhood T HE triennial meeting of the World Alliance for International Friend- H AVE we achieved even an ap- ship Through the Churches was held proach to or a working approxi- at Cambridge University, England, matiDn of real brotherhoDd in our re- Sept. 1-5. Nearly four hundred dele- lation to the non-white majority of the gates were present representing all human race? The favored white race the Protestant churches of thirty- has acquired political control of near- three nations of the world. One Ro- ly nine-tenths of the habitable globe, man Catholic priest was present as an including over half of Asia and all but "observer."

one-thirtieth of Africa. In America The delegates came from almDst our attitude to the Negro has become every country in Europe, from the notDrious throughout the world. In United States, from China and Japan all parts of the country there is dis- and from the British Dominions to crimination and, in some sections, seg- discuss such questions as disarmament, gregation in separate residential dis- national security, the rights of minori- tricts, separate schoDls, churches and ties, national and international loyal- railway coaches; with inadequate ap- ties, and the whole question of the propriations for education, and with- Christian attitude tDward world peace, out the right to vote, although that is the respDnsibility of the churches for guaranteed by the Constitution. The world peace and the Geneva confer- Negro is frequently paid less than the ence next February. These questions white man for doing the same work, occupied the minds of some of the charged more for renting the same most honored church leaders.

001S WORTH

Any books mentioned in these columns win be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-TBE REVIEW.

The Northern Republics of South America linMgur.isKt eonfnmetuhcGh raubbibli,ttyh, ehaausthtorar~eilsead -Ecuador, Colombia and Venezuela. ,,:ideiy through South America, espe- By Kenneth G. Grubb. 8vo. 151 pages. Cially among the Indians in the interi- 58. World Dominion Press. London or, and has rendered a timely service New York. 1931. in the production of this book.

The World Dominion Survey Series W. R. W. "attempts to describe briefly and clearly the situation in various countries from the standpoint of world evangel- Torchlights to the Cherokees: The Brainization." The countries surveyed in erd Mission. By Robert Sparks Walkthis volume are the three northern- er. 339 pp. $3.00. Macmillan. New most republics of South America. York. 1931. Though they are the nearest to us they are least often visited by travel- The author of the book was himself ers from the United States and are born twv miles from the old Brainerd less familiar than other republics far- Mission near Chickamauga, Tennessee. ther south. To meet the need for in- Under a rather fanciful title he has formation, the history of each republic given us a splendid record of the misis given in outline, as well as a sum- sion to the Cherokee Indians founded mary of geographical characteristics in 1816 and broken up when these and of prevailing conditions, economic, tribes were forced to migrate westeducativnal and religious. Heroic ward. During twenty years of its exservice is being rendered by evangeli- istence this mission, begun by the cal missionaries but they are too few, Moravians and continued by the Board and the unoccupied areas constitute a of Foreign Missions of New England, real challenge to the American church. had great success in the industrial Thus in Colombia, which has nearly social and moral uplift of the people: eight million inhabitants and is out- The author tells the amazing story of ranked in population only by Brazil how laws were passed, forbidding and Argentina, after 75 years of mis- whites to live on Cherokee lands withsionary service there are but 59 for- out license and how the mission leadeign missionaries, and 1,167 commu- ers under this law were arrested, and nicants; Venezuela, with a population served two years imprisonment. It is of 3,000,000, has 102 evangelical mis- a page from what Helen Hunt Jackson sionaries, with 2,310 communicant has truly called "A century of dishonmembers; Ecuador, with a population or." The account is well documented of nearly 2,000,000, has 41 foreign and the details of the life among the Indians are fascinating.

missionaries and only 290 communi- .T~e brl;ltal treatment received by the cant members. The Survey editor mlSSlonarles at the hands of the state ofwrites in the Foreword: ficials who pretended to be Christians is one of the blackest stains on the charac- A total of somewhat less than four ter of the white race in North America. th~usand communicants among a popu- The thread of the plot to drive the mislatIOn of twelve and a half million points sionaries from the State of Georgia exto the need for far wider evangelism in tended from the officials of that state into these lands in order to create an indig- the office of the Chief Executive of the enous church capable of itself carrying United States at Washington. on the work of further evangelization. S. M. Z.

877

The quakers as Pioneers in Social Work. Christ of the Burma Road. By V. W. By Dr. Auguste Jorns. Translated by Dyer. 12mo. 157 pp. American Bap- Thomas Kite Brown, Jr. 269 pp. $2. tist Mission Press. Rangoon. 1931.

Macmillan. New York. One of the most fascinating and en- couraging stories of modern missions Quakers are one of the smallest of is the story of how Burmese Chrisreligious bodies, but they have an in- tian students have gone out in groups ftuenceout of all proportion to their week by week to evangelize and awaknumbers. They average high in intel- en their own countrymen, and have ligence, character and humanitarian crossed over into Siam and Burma on spirit. This volume presents in read- the same mission. The methods have able form an outline of the Quaker been remarkable-as we have alreadY Movement and the contribution that recorded in these pages. Mr. Dye;, Quakers have made to poor relief, one Qf the missionary leaders of these education, temperance, public health, groups, tells the story in this small prison reform and the abolition of slavery. It is an impressive array of facts and it gives the reader a deeper volume. He explains the aim, the appreciation of the philanthropic serv- methods and the outcome. Missionaries ice that has been rendered by this in other lands and Christians in Amer- group of Christians who, as we are ica and England will find here many told, "seem in these latter days to be valuable suggestions for similar work.

called for the strengthening of the world's sense of social responsibility." To the Ends of the World and Back. By J. Walker McSpadden. Illustrated. A. J. B.

Will America Become Catholic. By John 8vo. 378 pp. $3.00. Crowell. New F. Moore. 8VQ. 252 pp. Harper and York. 1931. Bros. 1931. The "Ends of the Earth Club" is Naturally the aim of the Papacy is growing in numbers. Some qualify as to make America "Catholic." The explorers or scientists, as government church and its leaders would not be employees or missionarie&, but more true to their convictions otherwise. travelers today go to the ends of the Mr. Moore, who was for some years a earth on pleasure bound. Mr. McSpad- Y. M. C. A. secretary and who has den describes adventures met in scoutgiven much time to research on the ing for the American Museum of subject of Roman Catholicism in Natural History in New York. The America, here describes the plans, experiences are not the author's per- methods and outreach of the church sonal adventures but, while without in America. The program is as clear literary merit, are varied and many and definite and energetic as the Com- are thrilling. They are interviews munist propaganda-and much better with scientists who have gone out organized. This interesting and fact- hunting for the Dinosaur in Wyoming, ual study includes such topics as Cele- have followed the trail of primitive brate Clergy, Birth Control, Mixed man in Central Asia, have fished for Marriages, the Color Bar and the In- sharks in the Gulf of Mexico. They fluence of the Church. The author has include adventures with head hunters endeavored to be fair, unprejudicial in South America, hobnobbing with and true to facts. He is convinced that pygmies on the Congo; hunting with there is little danger of America be- gun and camera in Madagascar and coming Roman Catholic-the temper tracking strange beasts in Australia. of the people is too liberal, too enlight- The author is appa~ently interested ened, too independent to permit the only in animals and in the physical life great mass of Americans to become of man-not in his social, intellectual subjects to the Pope. and spiritual welfare.

NEW BOOKS

NEW BOOKS Chaka. An Historical Romance. Thomas Mololo. Trans. from Sesuto by F. H. Escape. Francesco Fausto Nitti. 267 pp. Dutton. 198 pp. 78. 6d. Oxford Uni- $2.50. Putnam's. New York. versity Press. London.

God's World. Cornelius H. Patton. 297 Leadership of the Constructive Forces of pp. $2. Smith. New York. the World. J. R. Mott. 30 pp. 28. Ox- ford Press. London. The Little Bible-Selections for School and Home with an Appendix for Report of the Commission on Christian Teachers and Parents. Foreword by Higher Education in India. 388 pp. $2. William Lyon Phelps. 468 pp. Oxford Oxford University Press. New York. University Press. London. 1931. Christian Education in the Villages of In- Miraculous Healing. Henry W. Frost. dia. A. V. Van Doren. 115 pp. R8. 2. 174 pp. $1.50. Smith. New York. Association Press. Calcutta.

Nestorian Missionary Enterprise. John Fifty Years Against the Stream. The story Stewart. 352 pp. Rs. 4. Christian of a School in Kashmir, 1880-1930. E. Literature Society. Madras. 1928. D. Tyndale-Biscoe. 96 pp. 58. Church Missionary Society. London. The Negro Year Book. Edited by Monroe N. Work. 544 pp. $2. Tuskegee In- The Remaking of Man in Africa. J. H. stitute. Tuskegee, Ala. Oldham and B. D. Gibson. 184 pp. 28. 6d. Oxford University Press. London. The Pacific. Stanley Rogers. Illus. by the Author. 254 pp. $2.75. Crowell. The Dawn Wind. A Picture of Changing New York. Conditions among Women in Africa and the East. Olive Wyon. 155 pp. Petty and Paul. Edward Hessey. 94 pp. 28. 6d. Student Christian Movement. Is. Pickering & Inglis. London. London.

Charles Lewis Slattery. Howard Chandler Buddhism in India, Ceylon, China and Robbins. 400 pp. $2.50. Harper. New Japan. A Reading Guide. Clarence York. H. Hamilton. 107 pp. University Press. Chicago. Torchlights to the Cherokee&–The Brain- erd Mission. R{)bert Sparks Walker. An Introduction to the Sociology of Islam.

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Snow. 320 pp. 28. 6d. Pickering & Jewish View of Jesus. An Introduction Inglis. London. and an Appreciation. Thomas Walker.

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Christian Education. Phila. The Finality of Christ. S. B. John. 291 Repol·t of the Commission on Enquiry Into pp. 58. Kingsgate Press. London.

the Control of Opium-Smoking in the youth in a Believing World. Studies in Far East. Vol. II. 500 pp. $1.50. Living Religions. John C. Archer. 176 World Peace Foundation. Boston. pp. $1. Westminster Press. Phila- delphia. India. Statement Exhibiting the Moral and Material Progress and Condition of India, 1929-1930. 58. H. M. Sta- PERSONALS tionery Office. London. (Continued from Second Cover.) The SOClai Settlement as an Educational Factor in India. Clifford Manshardt. DR. JOHN MACNEILL, President of the Illus. 87 pp. Re. 1 and Re. 1.8. Ass{)- WorId Alliance, is making an extended ciation Press. Calcutta. tour in the interests of the Alliance. The Baptists in Burma. Randolph L. Howard. tour includes Japan, China, India and the 168 pp. $1. Judson Press. Philadelphia. Holy Land.

Mustapha Kemal of Turkey. H. E. Wor- *** tham. Portrait. Map. Bibliog. 216 pp. TIlE REV. GEORGE L. FORD, Executive 58. Holme Press. London. Secretary of Federated Churches in Tribal Studies in Northern Nigeria. Vol. Youngstown, 0., has been elected Presi- dent of the Association of Executive Sec- I. C. K. Meek. 582 pp. 258. Kegan retaries of Councils of Churches, State Paul. London. and Local: He also becomes a represent- Zanzibar. Its History and Its People. W. ative of the Association on the Admin- H. Ingrams. Illus. 527 pp. 258 With- istrative Committee of the Federal Counerby. London. cil.

DR. W. W. PETER, pioneer promotor of in British and Spanish Honduras, the lathealth campaigns in China under the Y. ter being especially arduous as it meant M. C. A., has returned to China, at the constant journeys to the bay islands of invitation of the public health section of the Caribbeans. He was a victim of the the Ministry of the Interior, to advise in recent hurricane in British Honduras. the setting up of permanent machinery for the carrying on of health campaigns. * .. ..

*** MISS JOSEPHINE MARTIN, a missionary of the United Presbyterian Church at PROF. C. H. ROBERTSON, also a former Pathankot, Punjab, India, died Septem- "Y" secretary, has recently been re- ber 10th, while on furlough in America. quested by Dr. H. H. Kung, Minister of Industry, to join his staff. .. . .. Miss Martin was superintendent of a '" * • girls' high school at Pathankot for many years. DR. CARVER has been invited by Soviet Russia to organize a group of Negro MR. PAUL A. SORNBERGER, a missionary specialists, who have the theoretical and of the American Baptist Board, died repractical training in the production of cently. With Mrs. Sornberger, he was cotton, to visit Russia and demonstrate appointed to the Philippines in 1929, and the best method of agricultural produc- designated to the Central Philippine Coltion and exploitation. Though Dr. Car- lege at Iloilo, P. I., where he was teachver is a Negro, his fame as an agricul- ing Christianity by precept and example. turist is well known among the leaders of the Soviet states. By industry and ex- * .. .. ample he is teaching the young Negro to work, study, save and serve, and if for- THE REV. WM. B. BEAUCHAMP, D.D., tune comes, to take it with sobriety and Bishop of the Methodist Episcopal humility. The outcome of the Soviet's Church, South, died at Richmond, Virinvitation will be watched with interest. ginia, on June 28, 1931, at the age of sixty-two. He was president of the OBITUARY Board of Missions of his church and was a delegate to the World Missionary Con- BISHOP ISAIAH B. SCOTT, retired mis- ference in Edinburgh in 1910, and to sionary of the Methodist Episcopal the Jerusalem Conference in 1928. Church, died on July 6th in Nashville, Tenn. He was a leader among the col- *** ored members of the church and as pastor, professor, college president, editor of THE REV. WILLIAM MITCHELL PADEN, the Southwestern Chr1Btian Advocate and D.D., died in Salt Lake City, Utah, Qn bishop gave years of effective service. September 16th, after a brief illness. For He was elected to the episcopacy in 1904 thirty-four years Dr. Paden was identiand was assigned to Africa where he fied with work in the Mormon area and labored until his retirement in 1916. in recent years was considered the great- est Protestant authority on Mormonism. *** .. * * MR. GEORGE BRAITHWAITE, of Tokyo, Secretary of the Japan Book and Tract CHARLES GEORGE SPARHAM, a great Society, died on June 18th. He helped to missionary in China for forty-four years, produce the first copy of the Old Testa- who retired from his work there died in ment in Japanese in 1888, and subse- London in September. He was the sonquently helped in the production of the in-law of Dr. Griffith John of Hankow. Japanese New Testament in Roman He was called to leadership in the L. M. characters. His son, G. B. Braithwaite, S. and in his later years was secretary is acting secretary for the present. of the committee coordinating the whole of the L. M. S. operations in China. •** ** MRS. H. W. HARVEY, one of the victims of the hurricane in British Honduras, DR. JUDSON B. HILL, rounding out to went out to Central America with her a day 50 years of distinguished service husband for the Wesleyan Methodist Mis- as president of the Normal and Indussionary Society immediately after their trial college at Morristown, Tenn., died marriage in 1907. September 15th at Battle Creek, Mich. In 1881 Dr. Hill, as a young Methodist *** minister, became head of a pioneer mis- sion school for Negroes at Morristown, THE REV. A. E. SYLVESTER FOWLER, and found himself misunderstood and osworked during the past eleven years both tracized, as he began his work in a dilapi- dated building formerly used as a slave market. Those who fought him, however, ultimately lauded him.

The Missionary Review of the World — January 1931

IDEAL

PROVISION A LIFE Have you a wife, a husband, a friend, an employee who is dependent on you INCOME and who is not versed in business methods? FOR YOU Have you wondered how to provide Give generously to Foreign for this person in case he survives you? Missions. Your gift will Does this question trouble you espe- return you cially when you think of financial panics and hard times? 4%% to 9% PER YEAR You can provide a guaranteed income for the rest of your life for life for yourself and another through the ANNUITY PLAN and at the same under the Annuity Gift Plan, thus relieving you time help extend the Kingdom. of worry caused by changing values of ordinary investments. For further information write: A reserve fund of over $1,500,000 W, J. ELLIOTT, Treasurer, Board of guarantees the prompt payment of annuities to you. Home Missions and Church Extension of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 1701 Arch Protect yourself against loss through St., Philadelphia, Pa., or unwise investments and at the same time help send the gospel to all the MORRIS W. EHNES, Treasurer, Board world. of Foreign Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 150 Fifth Avenue, New For full information WTire York, N. Y. ERNEST F. HALL. Secretary, b Dept. of Annuities THE BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. 156 FIFTH A VENUE ' " NEW YORK 79he James H. Snowden PRESBYTERIRN Established Editor BRNNER 1814 AReligious JournaloflOday Editorials, Constructive and helpful. The Radio Pulpit, a sermon by Dr. Hugh Tho':;p. The World Today, a picture of the more impor- son Kerr of the Shadyside Presbyterian Chur~, tant events in the secular world. The Quiet Hour, by Dr. Robert MacGowan, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania: . ,.

Pittsburgh. Contributions, by some of the most eminent writers in the Presbyterian Church, on themes of Sonday School Lessons, by Dr. George W. current interest and importance. Brown, New York. Church News, from all parts of the Church. Christian Endeavor Topic, by Dr. Kinley Mc- Millan, Pittsburgh. t:hieago and Vicinity, a news Department Departments, for the Home, Children and Young People.

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MEE'l'ING THE WORLD'S GREATEST .. .. * NEED… . …….. JOHN R. MOTT 10 COMMISSIONER YAMAMURO, head of the WHAT ME'l'HODS PRODUCE RESULTS Salvation Army in Japan, has received high recognition for his work among the · ….•……………… ROBERT LAWS 17 poor and outcast. The Emperor has raised him to court rank and decorated BUILDING A NEW KOREA ……..•.•• him with the Order of the Sacred Treas- ure; the Minister of Justice has pre- ••••••••••••••••• DELAVAN L. PIERSON 23 sented him with a gold cup and certificate of merit. In the old days he was thrown WHA'l' THE CHURCH OFFERS MEN .. 34 into prison for blocking the traffic in empty streets. Mr. Yamamuro is a w~.~ .~?~~?~~. ~?~~~ J~~SSl?~~owio~;, 35 powerful evangelist and has done much to help girls out of evil life. :::AN RELIGION STOP WAR? …..•. , .. ……….. ….. .. HENRY A. ATKINSON 37 * .. ..

CHRISTIAN STbESMEN MEET AT A. P. FITT, who is a son-in-law of D. WASHINGTON-Home Missions Con- L. Moody and has been associated with the Record of Christian Work for the gress ……………………….. . 41 past 11 years, has been elected editor of TOPICS OF THE TIMES 49 .. . . that publication.

The Outlook for 1931 KING PRAJA DHIPOK of Siam, with Queen Rambai Barni, is to visit America The Uplook lor 1931 this year. According to a recent report from Bangkok, Siam, they are to visit Dr. Arthur J. Brown the United States incognito. The king is coming for eye treatment as he has been Ten Months At the Front suffering from cataracts.

WOMAN'S HOllIE AND FOREIGN BUL- LETIN …..•… EDITED BY FLORENCE G. TYLER AND FLORE~CE E. QUINI~AN 53 METHODS FOR WORKERS ……….. . OBITUARY · . . . . . . . . EDITED BY MRS. F. I. JOHNSON 59 REV. GEORGE ALEXANDER, D.D., former president of the Board of Foreign Mis- WORLD·WIDE OUTLOOK …………. 65 sions of the Presbyterian Church. U. S. BOOKS WORTH READING ………… 77 A., and pastor of the First Presbyterian church, New York, died Decembel; 12th TEIUIS.-$2.50 a year. ($2.00 In club. of at 87 years of age. Dr. Alexander had five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single eopies, been for 60 years in the Christian min- istry, was president of the Board of 25 cent.. Published monthly. Copyrighted, Trustees of McKenzie College, Brazil and 1931, by MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COM- active in many other educational and PANY, INC. All rights reserved. philanthropic institutions.

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One book that you read this year should be the Life Story of Sir Wilfred Grenfell FortyYears on the Labrador By ERNEST H. HAYES THIS is a deeply interesting and ro- mantic story concerning the life and work of Sir Wilfred Grenfell, that famous doctor-missionary of the Labrador. Much has been written previously but this story of fascinating adventure gives the leading facts and events in this remarkable life, in chronological order.

It shows the development of the work and describes the Doctor's gallant service for Jesus Christ for forty years.

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A copy of the wall map used at the recent Home Missions Congress

Washington, D. C. A large four-color poster is being prepared by the Home Missions Council. Copies may be obtained through denominational Home Mission boards. This map, by Mr. K. R. Southard, is worthy of study as it pictures incidents in the advance of Christianity and civilization in North America.

LIV, No.1 January

THE MISSIONARY (IreWO.&,-~ THE OUTLOOK ON THE NEW YEAR BY ROBERT E. SPEER, D.D., New York Author of US ome Lit-"ing Issues.,'-' Etc.

n;S WE begin this new year, Gospel, and even the same moral 1931, we seem to be further issues which were alive in the conaway than ever from the tacts of the early Church with hu- simplicity of the times when our man nature and with society. And Lord was here and the Christian the political issues are taking on Church began. Palestine was a an equally close resemblance. One small land, no bigger than some reads a great, carefully document- American counties. Life moved ed study like Cadoux's "The Early slowly and at leisure. "And Jesus Church and the World" and real- walked in Galilee." That was the izes at once how many kinships speed to which human life was there are between that situation geared. We think of Paul's evan- and our own-in the relation of gelism and his wide itineration but Christianity to war, to inequality, he was no hurrier. He stayed for to ideals of marriage and the home, three years in Ephesus alone. We to the State.

travel to and from an evening It seems probable that we have meeting, a longer journey than ahead of us today a repetition of from Nazareth to Jerusalem, and the struggle which the early return. Those days of Christian- Church had to wage for religious ity's beginning seem very different liberty ana freedom of worship, and far away. education and diffusion. In Russia, And yet there are respects in Turkey and China what we had which our situation and problems come to regard as fundamental hu- today are taking on more and more man rights have been either in- the character of the conditions and vaded or denied and elsewhere issues which confronted the early there are tendencies which bid fair Church. We are facing many of to confront us in the West with the same apologetic questions-as the same issues. There are doc- to the being of God, the nature of trines of the State and of State His government of the world, the control of education and there are person of Christ, the meaning and academic theories of the nature of destiny of life, the foundations of liberty and of the rights of religion right, the relationship of Chris- which may raise for the Church in tianity and the non-Christian re- the near future the same problems ligions, the essential content of the which it faced at the beginning.

5

The Keithahn Case mining the political attitudes of an independent indigenous Church? The problems which are arising What policy should missions pracdo not spring wholly from so-called tice with regard to receiving govnon-Christian governments, as the ernment financial grants which are Keithahn case in Southern India made dependent upon political atshows. Mr. Keithahn was an Amer- titudes or activities? All these are ican Congregatio.nal mIssIOnary vital questions, independent of the who sympathized with the Nation- merits of a particular situation or alist Movement. There would seem the sympathies of missionaries in to be slight evidence that his sym- the present conflict in India. pathy found any excessive or illegitimate expression. At any rate And the issues are not confined there were many Englishmen in to one district in the Madras Pres- India whose support of the Nation- idency. The Government of Bomalist Movement went far beyond bay has issued the following order: his. But the Collector of the Madura District ordered him to leave Government desires to impress on India and required the Mission to the governing bodies of all recognised which he, belonged to dissociate institutions which are in receipt of itself' from him. When the Mis- grants under the grant-in-aid code that sion did this, the Collector went they are responsible for seeing that no further and demanded of it a unan- member of their staff or establishment imous declaration which seemed to is permitted to take part in political many to go beyond the principle agitation directed against the authorof neutrality and abstention in po- ity of Government or to incite opinions litical affairs to which the Mission tending to excite feelings of disloyalty was pledged. Beyond this, the Col- or disaffection whether inside or outlector required that the Mission side the institution under their conshould also compel the Indian trol. They also require that the manpreachers and teachers to array agers themselves should not allow their themselves against the nationalist views on current political questions to agitation and in support of Gov- affect their educational administration. ernment policy, and advised the If these conditions are not observed or Mission that otherwise the grants- if evidence is forthcoming that the in-aid, which it had been receiving students have been inspired with feelfrom the Government for its ings of disloyalty or di,saffection by schools, would be withdrawn. their teachers or that the standard of discipline or the educational efficiency It is obvious that many impor- of the institution have been impaired, tant issues are involved in this in- the grants-in-aid are liable to be recident. Is it competent for a duced or withdrawn. District Collector to exercise authority such as this or should it And this has been carried furbelong to the Provincial officials ther by the British Resident in the at least or be referable to the Gov- Native State of Kolhapur who has ernment of India? What is rightly requested members of the Mission involved for American missions in "to instruct preachers and teach- India in the principle of political ers, when preaching, not to bring neutrality and noninterventio.n? in or make use of the names of What influence is a foreign mission India's poEtical leaders." warranted in exercising in deter- These are not simple and easy questions. They cannot be resolved by the foolish advice of a weIl-

THE OUTLOOK ON THE NEW YEAR

known religious paper that mis- Indian Dominion should not profess sions must identify themselves the Christian faith. But we think with nationalist revolution, or with India may and -should ask that the the contrary advice that they are Coronation oath should contain a solbound actively to support every emn undertaking on the part of the existing government. Sovereign to be the Protector of the ancient religious faiths of this coun- Difficulties Faced by Missionary try. The present principle of religious neutrality must be replaced by a prin- Enterprise ciple of active and appreciative pro- tection. The most important conse- There is no gain in belittling the quence of the change will be that new difficulties which the mission- organized religious proselytism, havary enterprise is facing. One set ing for its purpose the seduction of of these difficulties springs from His Majesty's subjects from their anfalse ideas of nationalism. Presi- cestral faiths, will be barred, as the dent Wilson had no conception of King being the Protector of all rethe dynamite contained in the prin- ligions, cannot let one of them wage ciple of the self-determination of war against another. people. That principle is like the principle of self-expression. All And another set of difficulties depends upon what the "self" is has arisen from a false educational that is to express or determine it- philosophy taught the East in our self-whether or not it is a rea- Western schools. Its effect is seen sonable and righteous self. And in China and Russia in the attempt also much depends on what "na- to keep religious teaching away tionalism" means. In China these from the young. The Chinese Minlast few years some of the most ister of Education, trained in terrible anti-nationalistic, nation- America, is prohibiting all relially-suicidal ideas have paraded gious instruction and worship in under the name of "nationalism." primary and junior schools and it And now in India, in the interest is discouraged, though as yet alof nationalism, good men are advo- lowed as an optional study, in cating ideas which wiII immobilize higher schools. The Government society and freeze mental and mor- regulation reads: al progress. Mr. Gandhi is arguing against all changes of religious A private school founded by a rerelationships, denouncing all "con- ligious body is not permitted to give version," and Mr. Natarajan is religion as a required subject, nor is pleading for political protection in religious propaganda permitted in the behalf of religious immobility. In class instruction. If there are any rean editorial in the Indian Social ligious exercise, students shall not be Reformer of March 29, 1930, he compelled or enticed to participate. wrote: No religious exercises shall be allowed in primary schools.

The conception of Sovereignty in a To the protest of the Chinese monarchy is not a wholly secular one, churches the Minister of Educ!land there must be something in the tioD replied: conditions attaching to it to indicate a spiritual contact between the Sov- -If you propose to experiment in ereign and the subject. It is against education, basing your experiment on the immemorial tradition of India to projects related to science and social impose a disability on any religion. conditions, this is something which We cannot ask that the King of the the Government unquestionably ap-

proves and permits. Religion, how- of the current year, by making at least ever, is .one type of abstract intangible the usual provision for theological imagination, and is outside the cate- schools and Bible training institutes, gory of educational theories and there and by urging all missionaries, whose is therefore no reason for the Govern- activities in other directions are hinment to permit religion in schools for dered, to devote themselves to enthuthe purpose of experimentation. siastic evangelism with their Chinese associates. China will indeed face a problem a few years hence with a gen- The medical work is as needy and eration educated without religion as successful as ever, yet the number and without the morals and dy- of doctors and nurses is less by more namic and sanctions which only religion can supply. than 20 % than five years ago. This Facing Opportunities work is so highly appreciated by the Chinese for its tangible benefits, and But the missionary enterprise goes so hand-in-hand with direct evanfaces opportunities as well as dif- gelism that there should be no diminuficulties. The political opposition tion of the American Church's efforts which is met in many lands to the to man and maintain this beautiful instrumentalities and agencies ministry to body and soul. which missions have used, such as schools, hospitals, philanthropies, Never has there been greater need has not affected the openness of than now for high-grade Christian litattitude of the people. At this very erature in Chinese. Never a larger time the missionary schools and welcome accorded to it. The Bible and colleges in China are more crowd- Tract Societies are selling more books ed than ever. And even where and tracts than ever before, and the there has been political restriction new dignity acquired by the vernacuin these matters there has been lar as a literary medium, affords an none as yet with regard to direct unparalleled opportunity for Chinese evangelism. A statement recently writers and foreign translators. issued by the Presbyterian Board refers to this: In many lands old resistance has dissolved. Meshed, for example, is No evidence has come to hand that the most sacred city of Persia. any restraint has been placed by the Here are the shrines of Imam Reza Chinese Government upon the preach- and the mosque of Ganhar Shad. ing of the Gospel in churches, chapels, And behind the shrine there was markets or homes; but on the con- in 1922, a great cemetery. From trary, the almost universal report is all over the Shiah Mohammedan of an unparalleled receptiveness to the world, people had come to lay their Gospel and its messengers .on the part bones in this sacred place, and any of the Chinese people, and even among desecration of their graves would students of certain government schools. have led to riot and slaughter. In view of the fact that our evangel- One walked about with the utmost reverence and care. And now what istic mi,ssionaries are fewer by 15 % has happened? One of the mission- aries writes: than in 1925, the Board would cooperate to the fullest degree possible with You asked about the graveyard back the Chinese Church's present great of the shrine in Meshed and the dis- Evangelistic Movement by calling and posal made of the bodies. Bones excaappointing to this work China's full vated were ruthlessly thrown into carts usual share of the accepted candidates and wagons and hauled outside the city and dumped into pits where they were covered. Scarcely more respect was

shown for bones of animals. Mrs.– Silently it is finding its way into told me that she walked through the the stream of Japanese culture, cemetery while excavations were going Protestantism more apparently, on and that she saw the skeletoIl8 of Roman Catholicism not so evidentsix persons in as many shallow graves ly but solidly. All are reforming built one over the other. A dentist, society. Whether we openly con- I believe, asked for a skull and the fess Christianity or object to it, official replied that he could furnish still the New Testament is making two hundred if he desired. Had such its way into the innermost corners a desecration of these graves of de- of families, if not as a religion, vout Moslems, whose bodies had been then as a moral power. I have brought hundred.s arid even thousands evidence of this everywhere I travof miles for burial "under the shadow el in the country." of Imam Reza," been attempted some years ago it would have ended in a And what is true of Japan is most serIous riot. That there should now be no more than murmurs of op- true of the world. The ideals and position .shows that Persia is changing principles of Jesus are pervading inwardly as well as outwardly. the world. They are not dominant. And their steady extension is not This is a parable easily read. unchallenged. There are deadly Nat in Persia only are old stag- forces in opposition. Alas, the nancies and sterilities dying, and spread of the ideals and principles new forces seeping in. At the is not enough! There is need of other end of Asia the same things the deeper work·which only Christ are happening. A recent visitor to can do when He is recognized as Japan reports an interview with Saviour and Lord. The world Dr. Nitobe, for many years J apa- needs not the moderatist acceptnese representative on the Secre- ance of ideas only, but the moral tariat of the League of Nations. and spiritual deliverance and re- With regard to the influences now creation of the Cross and Resurmoulding the moral ideals of rection of Christ. It needs not the Japan, he said; "The chiefest of ethics of the Gospel only but new these influences is Christianity. life in and by the Son of God.

What of the night, 0 Watchman? What of the night, 0 Watchman? Turn to the East thine eyes, Rises to Thee our cry; And say is there any token Prophet divine of Nazareth, Of the dawning in the skies? Make to our hearts reply: Or do the shadows linger, Over the earth's wild warfare Thy lips, are they sad and dumb, Comes not a time more fair, With never a word of gladness Swords into ploughshares beaten, That the tarrying morn is come? Peace throned everywhere?

Then answered the patient Watchman "Wait," said the Heavenly Watchman, From the mountain's lonely height, "Let not thy spirit quail, To the waiting souls in the valley, Strife shall not be eternal, "I can see the breaking light; Harmony shall prevail; There's a glow on the far horizon Battle clouds all shall scatter, That is growing more wide and clear, Hatred shall be outcast, And soon shall the sun be flinging Love's ever broadening glory His splendors both far and near." Break on the world at last!" -Selected.

THE WORLD'S GREATEST NEED*

BY JOHN R. MOTT, LL.D., New York Ohait"ma,n 01 the InternationaZ Mis8ionar1J OouncH W HEN Jesus Christ said, of Christ. Sometimes He enters in "The Son of Man came not the most unexpected ways. That to be ministered unto, but to is what we have a right to expect minister, and to give his life a from a superhuman Christ.

ransom for many," He led us not Enlarged Opportunities only up into the presence of the world's greatest mystery, but like- I have been moving among na- wise into that of the world's great- tions for over forty years, on jourest reality. It is proved by every neys around the world again and test in -individual life; in social again, and on nearly all the battlelife and in international relations. fields of Christianity and I believe When He said, "I am come that that the present is a time of unthey might have life and that they doubtedly rising spiritual tide. It might have it more abundantly," is a time of the rising tide of opdid He not afford us a program portunity. and a platform and a message There have been times when in which makes possible meeting the certain parts of the world the deepest longings of the human donrs have been as wide open as they are now, but never has there heart and the deepest needs of the been a time when on every conhuman race? tinent and in every part of each continent the doors have been so When He said, in language that wide ajar for the penetrating inwould seem subject to no two in- fluence of Christ and His message, terpretations, "Ye shall be wit- as they are today. You and I are nesses unto me both in Jerusalem, living in a most wonderful moment and in all Judea, and in Samaria, in the unfolding plans of the Kingand unto the uttermost part of the earth," with matchless lucidity dom. summoning us into larger evangel- I include the Mohammedan world ism-how can it be that we miss in this statement. One of the conthe way? As we look round us and realize ferences I have been attending was how few, comparatively, are com- held in Turkey. I can best describe the situation when I say that the ing under the spell of our Lord, best experienced missionaries and and how few are yielding to this native Christians of Turkey conexpansive purpose, for the obvious sider the real opportunity has just reason that it is not being brought arrived. to bear, do we not hear the summons? May it never fall on deaf I am aware of the fact that cer- tain methods employed in other ears! fields cannot be freely employed in The whole world is open. It would be difficult to mention any Turkey. In schools and colleges door that we can honestly say is they cannot do today what they closed to the penetrating influence did and would like to do, but that does not close the doors. They can *Extracts from an address delivered at live Christ. Those who have an Northfield, Massachusetts, last summer.

10 opportunity to teach are at liberty tianity. Nothing has moved me to do work of a Christian charac- more than the discovery that peoter outside of the school room. ple are looking for something from Christianity which they have not The more intensive method has been finding in their own faith or brought the most multiplying re- lack of faith. sults. Weare going to see wonders as a result of intensive work in I am a constant reader of Mo- Turkey. hammedan, Jewish and other non- Christian magazines in English, It is a time of the rising tide of and keep informed as to the utteropportunity. I have made a spe- ances of leaders of thought and cialty of unoccupied fields and I action and I am more impressed by have yet to be convinced there is what is being said by non-Chrisany field where, if we advance we tian and nonreligious people than will not find the doors open before by many things said by Christians. we reach the place. God has more than one method of getting at un- Rising Tide of Inquiry occupied fields-not only geographical areas, but groups of people, The present is a time of rising areas of life, and human relation- tide spiritually, mostly of interest ships. We- are living in a time manifested by inquiry. when we can say that the doors are not closed to the penetrating All over the world people are deinfluence of the living Christ. bating, calling into question all standards and checking up all This is a time of the rising tide sanctions that have held people for. of expectation. It is a struggle eenturies. We have more opporeach one of us knows to keep vivid tunities for sharing peoples doubts the spiritual realities. As we grow as well as their hopes. How much older we may be more sensitive to better this is than the old indifthe leadings of the Spirit and lis- ference and apathy I met in my tening to the still small voice. earlier jourm>v" in fields like Latin America, Asia. Africa, not to speak I have been vividly aware in my of America! How people can relast journeys of a movement among gard with indifference this present the classes of every backward race, oay, how we can be contented with every oppressed people, every de- the plans we now have, is more pressed stratum of society-a ~;han I can see. more equal outreaching. It is sometimes vaguely expressed, but Visit the bookshops in all lands! it is a groping after something There is a flood of printed matter, higher, freer, better. Our loving, and a disproportionately large inheavenly Father is brooding over crease of literature dealing with His children just as an earthly religion-I might say, literature father is filled with a burning de- of reality. If you have doubts, sire to evoke in his children aspira- make your own tests by getting tions for something better and book lists and talking with world higher. The most discerning Chris- travelers! Enter into intimate contian leaders an over the world be. versation with those engaged in lieve that we are on the threshold the work of evangelism who travel of something that will far tran- over goodly areas! Form your own scend anything we have had behind impressions! They have told me us in the world mission of Chris- that they know of no time like

these present days in point of in- our Lord, that elemental faith quiry, with people willing to pay which nothing can daunt.

great prices, which means an un- Another illustration may be the mistakable desire to find truth. mass movement in India. Out of This has its promising implica- possibly 320 millions in India over tions. We ought to be thanking nine-tenths live in 700,000 villages.

God that we are permitted to live Over 50 million people in the ag- in days like these. gregate are among the most neg- Criticism and Objection lected people of the human race. You can't think it a reality! The This is also a time of the rising age-long enemies of man are work- tide of criticism and objection. ing in those villages-ignorance, I look upon that as not without poverty, disease, strife, and sin.

its tremendous advantages, advan- The occupations of these outcasts tages we may turn from stum- from the Hindu point of view is blingblocks i n to stepping-stones. most defiling. They are not per- Remember the words of St. Paul: mitted to use a main street. They "For a great door and effectual is are not permitted to go to the vil- opened unto me, and there are lage schools. They are not permit- many adversaries." Christianity ted to draw water at the village seeks out the impossible to make well; and it is only in a few scores possible its wonderful works. I of villages that they are permitted distrust whether I am in the right to go to the temple. Well are they • place if I am not in the place of called the untouchables. Gandhi things impossible. When every- did not originate that name: his thing looks easy I make up my religion originated it.

mind the omnipotent Clirist will The first time I went to India, not manifest Himself there. It nearly forty years ago, in only two takes impossible situations to re- districts was there anything being veal the meaning of Christ, the ne- done for the outcasts. Most mis- cessity and adequacy of Christ. sionaries were regarding with sus- Rising Tide of Faith picion the mass movement. Now, of two million Protestant members, This is a time of rising spiritual over 73% are products of the move- tide throughout the world in faith. ment among depressed classes. In My wife and I went through the the villages that have been most ex- jungle on Sumatra, and we pulled posed to this movement of the Spir- aside the tropical vines from a it of God, a movement that means monument that commemorates the uplift, improvement, I have found lives of the first two missionaries the economic and social lot so trans- who went there and were eaten by formed that you could see it. Vil- cannibals. As we went through lages were also transformed moral- that valley we saw evidences of ly.

Christianity that, if we had not The most marvelous result of seen others, would compel us to be- this work is that many of the caste lieve that Christ not only does, but people have become Christians as a 18. All over that island where can- result of the object lesson of the nibals had had the right of way, transformed life of the outcasts.

in crowded churches I found faith Bishop Whitehead told me that he in the wonder-working power of had just come back from India

MEETING THE WORLD'S GREATEST NEED

where he had visited a Wesleyan numbers, and he proposed to mission where they had 3,000 caste double that in five years. converts, and had about 3,000 more preparing for baptism. This'seems I could think of nothing in the almost incredible. There is a rising program of Christ, or the comtide of faith among these depressed mands of Christ, or the resources people-blind, hopeless, in despair, of Christ, or the example of Christ abandoned by others-and now which would negative that prothere is this rising tide of faith posal, and nothing in the welfare of among the caste people. the Chinese church that would not make it highly desirable that they There are 3,000 baptisms in In- lend themselves to that undertakdia every week. There would be ing. 30,000 every week if we had sufficient numbers of wise guides and In everyone of OUr conferences teachers. Great restraint is being in China, not by a majority but by exercised by the most trustworthy unanimous vote, the leading mismissionaries. We have made mis- sionaries and trusted leaders of the takes, due to lack of vision at the Chinese churches voted to put home base. The people are stand- themselves behind this prophet. ing before our open doors and we When the National Council meethave to say, "Stay back! It is not ing of officials was held, after days safe for you to come unless we have of debate they committed themenough teachers." selves to support his five-year pro- gram, which was as follows: Advance in China 1. The cultivation among Christians When I was in China there met of a deeper knowledge of Christ, of a me in Canton a delegation, among more intimate fellowship with Him, them Cheng Ching Yi whom I knew and a more gracious experience of Him first as a schoolboy in Peking. He in all phases of life. is a retiring man, though a great leader, executive head of the Na- 2. The carrying out of evangelistic tional Christian Council and mod- work m the hope that the number of erator of this new Church of Christ Christians at least be doubled. in China which includes one-third of the Chineses Protestant Chris- 3. The endeavor on the part. of all tians.' He came to me and said: "I cooperating in the five-year movement have had a vision, and I want time to improve the religious education of to share it with you. I want to the Church through the use of the pulknow whether the best way to meet pit, Sunday school and other societies. this chaos in China would be a summons to a Christian advance." 4. Definite steps to overcome iIIiter- This vision came after days and a..y among church members. nights of prayer. 5. Sustained efforts to make the Dr. Cheng wanted to start a cam- family to a large extent the unit of paign to double the number of Christian endeavor, so that the Chris- Protestant church members in tian family method would increase the China in the next five years an in- membership of the church; also every crease of four hundred thirty-five possible effort to Christianize family thousand. It took over a hundred life. years to build up a church of such 6. That far more serious thought and care be given on the part of the church t'O the pr'Oblems 'Of th'Ose who are not Christians, but are coming un- der Christian influence as in Christian schools.

7. A clearly increased emphasis on

Christian standards, so that the church dustry, among the students, and should become far more self-dependent among groups of fishermen. There than at the present time, and that is nothing more fascinating than Christians generally should be helped his actual experiences with the difto a clearer understanding of the serv- ferent groups. ice which is theirs because they are Christians. Mr. Kagawa was converted un- der the influence of a missionary. 8. Earnest efforts to extend to When a small boy he went to a others the benefits of the Christian re- Christian school and college in ligion through personal evangelism Kobe, and decided to enter Chrisand through such other methods as tian work. Realizing his need he may be found desirable in the hope .came to this country and studied that within five years the number of at Princeton. Then he went back Christians may be doubled. into the slums, where he has been living ever since. He rises at 4 It takes faith to advance in the o'clock every morning, and nothing midst of civil war and battle and cheats him out of an hour with God. chaos. I wonder if we would be His eyesight is failing, and he says preparing plans like this in Amer- he is able to do more thinking as a ica, if we were in those conditions? result of not reading so much now. He has written many books; one of The Program in Japan them has run through 300 editions. He preaches on an average of three In Japan the Japanese Christian times a day, and gives a lot of time leader Toyohiko Kagawa told me he to other work. He has three social had a heavy burden which he want- settlements, one leper colony, one ed me to help him bear. He had research bureau. When asked to been studying about the Protestant take a position by the mayor of church of France, which, though Tokyo he refused, but said, "I will small, has already become a nation- give you as much time as I can wide force in its ideals, its spirit, spare in an honorary capacity." its principles, its personality, its This was accepted. He was first program. He said: regarded with suspicion, but now he has the confidence of the whole "My burden is, after much city. Parliament has appropriated thought and prayer, that if we ten million dollars toward carrying could have a million Protestant out one of his plans involving six Christians in Japan we might permeate this nation of sixty-eight cities. millions." He wanted to call the campaign "How many Protestant Chris- "The Million Souls Movement," but tians have you now?" I asked they decided to call it "The King- dom of God Movement." The aim "Two hundred forty thousand." is in three years to increase from He had shared his burden, with one-quarter million to one million the heads of his denomination. Christians. The plan embraces:- Some had responded, but others were skeptical. As a result he had 1. Organization of a network of spent last year in trying out new prayer; early morning prayer meetmethods in order to meet criti- ings in every church and city to pray cisms, as a result he had had 15,- for a revival of faith; prayer with a 000 converts less fifteen in his new spirit in the 1800 churches in work. He had tried his methods among the farmers, in the centers of in-

Japan for a revival of faith; monthly me to do to spread the Christward united prayer meetings of all churches movement in India, I will do. When in eveyy city; an annual conference for special prayer and preparation for Christ saw the multitudes He was the above purpose. In other words, a moved with compassion, and then conference for prayer, and nothing He began to send out His disciples. else. Second, we must think not only 2. Personal evangelism on the needs of men, but we must 3. Evangelism through literature be in thought upon God Himself. 4. Educational evangelism This current humanistic discussion 5. Evangelism through service is stimUlating more thought on God 6. Rural evangelization than I have ever known. We must 7. Evangelization vf fishing folk desire more that He may be mani- 8. Evangelization in mining camps fested, that we may witness fresh 9. Evangelization of the labor demonstrations of His power, the classes desire to share what He has done 10. The training of real evangelists. for us with others. Better workers alone will not suffice. Five thousand preachers should be Other things will be realized, trained at once. when we have this desire: First: A larger comprehension Spirit of Evangelism of the field where we are placed, A precursor of every great spir- the people and their background, itual advance has been an outbreak- their antecedents, mentality, and ing of unselfish and triumphant de- interests; a larger comprehension sire. Evangelistic methods change, of their battlefields and soul strug- but the spirit is the same, because gles and unanswered questions, a Jesus Christ is the same yesterday, larger comprehension of the forces that oppose us, and a larger comtoday, and forever. Evangelism is prehension of the favoring condimore a spirit than a method. Christ tions there are. is not shut up to any method or medium. We want things old and Second: We must have larger new, but there is something in- plans. Our plans are pitifully in- congruous in a static church. The adequate in contrast with the repower of Christ, the fountain head, sources of our Lord. I have found is always flowing. That is the vital- it is a vastly easier thing to see a ity we ought to have, new experi- large thing achieved than a small thing. The reason is that it takes ences breaking out all the while. an impossible thing to draw out The methods may change but the the imagination, which is the least u~ed faculty we have. Christ put spirit is the same. How can this larger desire be a tremendous strain on our im- agination. When He taught the generated? Bishop Gore sums up Golden Rule He forced us to get the lack in two phrases: We do not our imagination into play, and think, and we do not pray. That when He taught the commandment generalization will unlock any of love He put a strain upon our problem anywhere.

One way to develop this desire is by meditation, thinking on the imagination. needs of men, women and children The advantage of an impossible now living. As a result of my medi- program is that it calls out all our tation one night in one of the In- hidden powers, and another advandian villages, anything God permits tage is that it takes a large plan

to arrest the attention and partici- hour costs $5,000, plus the cost of pation of men and women of large all the artists engaged. We have affairs. The reason is that they hardly begun to adjust ourselves are not giving their time to little to the possibility of such means plans, and we have to show them available for arresting attention, a plan that convinces them that it for making impressions, for creatis worth while. ing an atmosphere. . ImpGssible situations also drive us to God, draw us to God, deepen 6. There is the' matter of reour acquaintance with Him, make treats. I am glad to say that is possible the finding of His condi- spreading. Even more depends on tions, paying the price. Christ what we do before we evangelize taught us this lesson in the Garden and what we do after than what of Gethsemane. we do when we evangelize. If I had to live my life over again I But mostly there are two great would spend vastly more in what implications. One is that such precedes evangelistic work and in work is going to be costly: and if what follows than what takes place what we are doing is not costly we in between. It is here that we are must make up our mind we have not His meaning. The second im- weak. plication is that we are to count My last word is that we must the cost and be ready to pay it. have a greater accession of power. We must have a larger message. We must experience this on a Christ is the same yesterday, to- larger scale for this work of evanday, and forever, but we have a gelism. Let us yield ourselves to larger comprehension of Christ the gracious, loving, omnipotent, life-giving power of the Spirit that than we had. greater works may take place and We must have a larger and truer be of such convincing power that they will prove the much needed strategy. We are at a time when reality and wonder-working power we have to take all fronts and deal of God and the reality of our with the world as a unity. There faith! must be a larger adaptation of means to ends. If you ask for Jesus Christ summons us today methods I would mention some of to come out of the zone of com- promise and apathy and passivity these: into the aggressive activity of sac- 1. Larger recognition of times rificial love. Think how absorbed people are today in every sphere and seasons, for instance, Christ- of interest-in politics, in pleasure, mas and Easter. in money making, in the search for fame and power. Under these con- 2. Explanation of much that is ditions how can we arrest the atgoing on in certain groups, com- tention of these preoccupied men and women so that they will hear munities and fields. the summons of Christ. Let Him 3. Religious education. Weare speak the word: "I if I be lifted up. : …. will draw all men unto just on the edges of the greatest me." That Great Magnet will work the world has ever known in break people out of their setting religious education. and lift them up to God.

4. Another means is social evan- gelism. 5. Also newspaper evangelism. In the National Broadcasting Company studio broadcasting an

METHODS PRODUCE

Notes From the Experience of Fifty-two Years in Africa BY THE REV. ROBERT LAWS, D.D., LL.D., of Livingstonia T HE apostolic method, Saint wrote. For this special work God, Paul tells us, was to "preach (as in all special work He has to Christ crucified." As exam- do) prepared His special agent.

pIes of this preaching, we have the Born and brought up in a univer- sermons of Peter after Pentecost, sity city, in the strictest school of and of Paul to both Jews and Gen- Jewish Pharasaic thought, yet tiles in large assemblies and also to sharing in the culture surround- individuals, such as the Philippian ing him, and acquainted with the jailer. In every case the burden literature of his time, he later of their message was the same: prosecuted his studies under the the remission of sins through Jesus famous teachers of Jerusalem, and the Saviour, and faith in Him as so became thoroughly versed in the the means of appropriating this doctrines, prejudices and errors, salvation for' the individua1. which he was to overthrow ·when Since so much importance at- the new truth revealed to him taches to their methods, it is changed his life and made him the worthwhile to take account of the clear exponent of the way of sal~ character and training of these vation through Christ.

apostolic teachers. Peter and nine Following the history of the others of the eleven apostles were Church since then, we see that hardy fishermen of Galilee. Their when this simple message was ad- literary education had been that of hered to and the obedience to the the ordinary Jewish boy; of high- will of God implied in this faith er education they had acquired was exhibited, the Church was none. But for three years they strong and did the will of God by had been in the school of Christ, spreading the Gospel in new lands living with Him, learning from and among many peoples. On the Him, and, like many a pupil since other hand, when this simple mes- then, imbibing knowledge and sage was overlaid by outward truth the real significance of which forms, ceremonies and ritual, and they only understood later – in these externals came to take the their case after they had received place of the essential realities the Holy Spirit at Pentecost. 'which the apostles proclaimed, This teaching and the experience then the strength of the Church of life gave them a wider vision waned and the dark ages settled with a new intellectual grip and on the Christian world and con- outlook. The gospels and the tinued till the reawakening of the epistles prove this, and we read old truths supplied the strength of them with surprise at the intellec- the Reformation with the glorious tual grasp and literary ability they results that followed.

display. Turning to Paul, we find The Editor has asked me in him the greatest teacher not whether my fifty-two years of only of the world today, but of the work in Central Africa confirms intervening centuries since he the above methods, or whether, as 2 17

some hold, "work for world peace, hills, one party would go and at- ,social and industrial betterment, tack, rob and even kill some of the and intellectual and physical de- people at the lake shore who were velopment can replace these with the subjects of the other sept, thus better results." getting their revenge.

The first step towards answer- The old men among the Ngoni ing this question is to state what were, as a rule, desirous of living I found to be the facts of life as at peace with their neighbors, but concerned the people with whom I the restless youths who had heard have had to deal. of the exploits of their fathers in Warfare Fifty Years Ago their young days were keen to show their prowess and urged that In 1875, the slave trade was war raids should be undertaken in rampant in Nyasaland and inter- the dry season, after their harvests tribal war was such a recognized had been safely gathered. There condition, that as a protection, were no newspapers in the country there lay between each tribe and by means of which the wishes of its neighbor a "no man's land," those who had not access to or which took two or three days to shared in the councils of the para- cross' on fo'ot. In the case of a mount chief could make their war raid this gave a good chance wishes known to him. These of news of the impending attack sought to attain this object by reaching the other tribe and ena- means of their evening village bling its members to take meas- dance and song.

ures for the safety of themselves An example may be given. In and their dependents. the cool of the evening, and espe- The Ngoni tribe on the hills west cially on dry, moonlight nights, of Lake Nyasa were an offshoot the people of the village gathered from the war-like Zulus of South in the cattle kraal to dance and Africa. They had crossed the sing, the younger boys in particu- Zambesi as war raiders and incor- lar being carefully instructed what porated the youths of the tribes to do. At a distance it seemed as they conquered, training them as if a drum accompanied and timed warriors and teaching them their the dance, but in fact drums were methods of warfare. . Under des- not used, but instead a rythmic potic chiefs they became very thump of the foot on the ground powerful and the terror of their by every dancer produced the imi- neighbors. Septs of the Ngoni con- tative sound. The song consisted sidered parts of subject tribes liv- of a varying, extemporary recita- ing on the lake shore as their tive of a few notes and words by special property and from these a leader, followed by a chorus in they levied annually a tribute of which all joined. In the case re- a certain number of boys and girls ferred to, the chorus was: "The who had to be delivered to their cattle at the north end (of Lake conquerors on the hills; the boys Nyasa) are feeding on bananas, to be trained to fight, the girls to Mombera!" (Mombera was the be the slave wives of their captors. name of their chief.) The song When a quarrel arose between two pointed out to him that the cattle of these septs, instead of fighting at Karonga, at the north end of it out between themselves on the Lake Nyasa, were feeding on ba-

WHAT METHODS PRODUCE RESULTS

nanas which the Ngoni counted a fear of their lives. This was found delicacy they could not grow well in their religious beliefs and super- in their colder climate, and so they stition. The people believed in a thought it would be a good thing supreme being or creator concern- to organize a cattle raid on the ing whom their notions were very Konde living there and they took hazy, and whose goodwill had to this means of asking the chief to be sought. They believed in im- sanction their doing so. His con- mortality and that the spirits of sent obtained, a war party would their forefathers still took an in- be summoned together, but the terest, often a malign one, in the poiI).t of attack was carefully con- cealed. A journey of fifty to one hundred miles had to be under- taken and the necessary food car- ried with them.

Sometimes these raids were suc- cessful, but often severe fighting took place and by no means did all the attackers return home even alter what they counted a success- ful raid; Prisoners as well as cattle and other booty were carried off.

In raids on tribes nearer at hand, the actual killed and wounded usually proved the smallest part of the damage done. The gardens of the people were destroyed, vil- lages were burned, and the people were often afraid to remain in their villages and spent the nights in the bush. Food was very scarce and the people living in a half- starved condition soon had their vitality lowered, and scratches or bruises on their legs developed into large septic ulcers often perma- nently crippling the sufferers.

Women and children especially suf- AN AFRICAN WITCH DOCTOR fered under these conditions, and when young children were exposed affairs of their children. In addito them for any length of time tion to these there were many their growth was stunted f or life. other spirits whom they believed This intertribal warfare was not were unfriendly to them and who confined to the Ngoni and their had to be propitiated by prayers neighbors, but was the chronic con- and sacrifices.

dition between other tribes as well, Witchcraft when not joined in a confederacy to meet a common foe. Closely bound up with these War fear was the lot of all but ideas was their profound faith in was by no means the most deadly witchcraft, which kept them in

terror and dominated their lives. constant mental and spiritual ter- Any accident or untoward event ror under which they lived, both might be referred to evil spirits, men and women became premabut was almost universally counted turely aged in appearance and the as caused by some wizard or witch. faces of the men were lined, wrin- Anyone could be held to be such; kled and furrowed by them and by some indeed gave themselves out the lusts and passions of heathento be so, thus gaining a notoriety ism. which caused them to be feared. But to the ordinary man an acci- Ask any individual if he were dent or illness had only one sure a sinner, he would stoutly maintain cause–some person had an en- the opposite and assert his impecmity against him and had be- cability in unmeasured terms. Ask witched him. The person accused him if he knew if there was any might deny the charge, but the evil done in his village, and he had only recognized way of proving no hesitation in declaring that he his innocence was for him to de- did and indeed all the inhabitants mand the test of the ordeal. The of his village except himself had old English ordeals by boiling been guilty of some evil. Get closer water and' a red hot iron were to the man's conscience and ask known and practised, but the most him if he had not some time gone common method was that of drink- out at night if not by day, and ing the powdered bark of a tree, done something he did not wish which is poisonous, mixed with the anyone to see him do or know he water. If the accused vomited the had done, and sooner or later the deadly draught he had swallowed, man would admit that he was not he was accounted innocent; if he 80 immaculate as he would fain be did not, then death was the result considered. There is just as much and his guilt was proven. It was comfort to the heathen in Africa not always easy to fix on the sup- as to the heathen in America or posed culprit, and the help of the England, in being one of a lot of witch doctor was called in to find sinners. He is so ready to admit him. After certain incantations, this that only the power of the and consulting his oracle of bones, Holy Spirit can wring from him tortoise shell, etc., he would fasten the cry: "God be merciful to me on some one, usually a person un- the sinner." der general suspicion, or against whom a grudge existed, and this What does all this prove? Simindividual was compelled to drink ply the great fact of sin and the the ordeal to prove his innocence. sinner. The only check on these proceedings was that if the person accused Next, I have never met a man vomited, he might turn on his ac- who was not ready to admit that cuser and demand compensation sin deserved to be punished and or that he also should drink the should be punished. When a man ordeal. reaches the stage of admitting that he is a sinner and that he de- Recognizing Sin serves to be punished for his sin, he begins to see also the necessity No wonder that with these un- for a Saviour and asks the quescertainties of life, frequent priva- tion how salvation is to be found. tions arising from them, and the In answer to his inquiry as to how he can obtain salvation, heathen-

ism points to sacrifice. He brings apathy of hopeless despair which his offering of flour and beer, but has no anchor within the veil. soon realizes that this is not enough. Fowls are more valuable To persons in such a state, soand are next offered. cial or industrial betterment, how- e v e r advantageous outwardly, Still his conscience is not re- gives no help. World peace, though lieved, and sheep and goats are helpful to the body, brings no then resorted to by the sinner, but peace to the mind. Education may the burden is not taken away and help to dispel superstition but it oxen become a more costly sacri- cannot remove the load of sin. fice, only to find that the blood of This, only Jesus the Saviour can FUTURE CHRIS'l'IAN LEADERS IN TRAINING IN LIVINGSTONIA the ox avails as little. Yet it is take away, and He is ready to do the man's best in ordinary life. In it for all who believe in Him. This a crisis of life, as when a company is the glorious message the misin a canoe during a storm are like sionary has to proclaim and it is to be drowned or a tribal calamity the only infallible one the world is impending, a human victim is has ever heard. offered as the greatest sacrifice they can bring to appease the ma- When this great change has lign spirits seeking their ruin. taken place in the heart of a man, When this has proved ineffectual, and he is regenerated, then and the batHed soul knows not where to then only is he ready and fit to turn, if it still seeks relief and move towards social and intellecpeace. To most, the result is the tual benefit. I state this not as an opinion but as a scientific fact of

experience. Since its beginning in approximately correct for a min- 1875, education, industry, medi- ute or two, but soon, in disgust, I cine and other things have had gave up the futile task and learned their place in the work of the Liv- that without a mainspring in ingstonia Mission, with the result, working order even the famous that, though some responded to watch of Greenwich-the most these influences and reached a costly watch in the world-would higher standard while in the serv- be useless and all the precautions ice of Europeans, and even when to preserve the same temperature separated from these and amid and the same barometrical prestheir old heathen surroundings SUre could not make the hands of some retained a kindly respect for that watch agree with the God- given timekeeping spheres of the the civilization to which they had universe. been introduced, still it was only The parable is true. When a those on whom the spiritual man trusts in Christ as his Saviour change had taken place, who re- and Lord, he becomes a new creatained the advancement made and ture. Sin, the middle wall of parsought to propagate it to others. tition between him and God, is While fully convinced and having broken down, and instead of fear, seen it proved by experience, that the love of God floods his heart and Christianity alone can change the illumines his life. Then it is that individual and a peopie, and hav- all schemes of social betterment, ing seen this change in thousands, intellectual and industrial develop- I gladly acknowledge the assist- ment and world peace, have a ance, good government, legitimate chance of success and stable encommerce, industry and unbroken durance because they are dependpeace can give to the advancement ent for such on the love of man for of the Kin~dom of Christ. But his brother man-to olwedience to none of them, nor all of them to- the second commandment which gether, can ever take the place of only becomes effectual after and in Christ Himself, or the salvation from sin and the new spiritual life the measure by which the first which He offers. commandment is accepted and obeyed. For the highest Authority Once, when a boy, I received a has said: "Thou shalt love the present of a superior toy watch Lord thy God with all thy heart with moveable hands. The first day I made many adjustments of and with all thy soul and with all these hands to the face of the sol- thy mind. This is the first and emn-ticking grandfather's clock great commandment; and the secwhich had been timekeeper for ond is like unto it, thou shalt love three generations. My watch was thy neighbor as thyself."

"What we need is not to have Pentecost rationalized, but realized."

"Nothing short of Pervasion of Power could have made a Fellowship of the Spirit out of that bewildered, cringing company of disciples."

"When we talk of 'perpetuating Pentecost,' we are thinking not of high-pressure moments, but of high-powered motives."

"Too many of us are looking for a punier Pentecost at a moment when we stand sorely in need of a greater."-John M. Versteeg.

A TYPICAL UNIMPROVED KOREAN

BUILDING A NEW KOREA Glimpses of Progress and Forces at Work BY DELAVAN L. PIERSON T HE "Hermit Nation" has 500,000 Japanese have settled in passed into history, and a Korea in the last twenty-five years New Korea is being built out and Chinese coolie labor is tempoof the old. Even the familiar names rarily imported. The patronage of have been changed in maps and on foreign tourists and the benefits of signboards. Korea has become foreign commerce are eagerly Chosen; Pyengyang is now Heijo; sought. Syen Chun is Sen Sen; and Seoul, A party of eighteen American the capital, is Keijo. Generally editors and their wives preceded these are Japanese translations of us in China and Korea. They were Korean characters. As the Her- well-known journalists connected mit days passed with the advent of with influential periodicals. Durforeigners and the coming of ing their five days in Korea, as Christian missionaries, so now guests of the Japanese Tourist Buwith the advent of Japanese sover- reau, they visited the beautiful eignty the old life and institutions Diamond Mountains and the capiare gradually disappearing. Rail- tal city, Keijo. Naturally, their roads and motor roads are opening hosts made sure that they would the interior; steamship lines and see and hear the things that would airplanes are bringing in foreign make the most favorable imprestravelers and commerce; telephone sion on them and on their readers and telegraph are making commu- at hOIlie. Banquets and speeches nication quick and easy. Over and visits to palaces and shrines 23

gave them glimpses of the ex- upon as one of the most fruitful ternals of Korean scenery and and promising fields-in many re- development – fro m a Japanese spects the work being. comparable viewpoint. But life on railways, in to missions in Apostolic days. But hotels and at pleasure resorts, in while there is much to encourage, shops and temples, cannot be ex- there are also in Korea today, as pected to make one understand in Palestine and Asia Minor in the conditions in Korea. first century, many difficulties to In interviews and speeches, these be overcome. One need not look editors reported "Peaceful con- far beneath the surface to discover tentment and calm; prosperous them. But these are days (J,f build- farmers and wonderful progress in ing a new Korea out of the old; agricultural development; happy difficulties and conflicts may be ex- men, women and children in the pected; they are not causes for villages and on the city streets." discouragement but are a challenge These were, perhaps, natural con- to faith and more earnest en- clusions from seeing the hard deavor.

working, picturesque farmers, in In Pyengyang, I was invited to their wide-brimmed hats, at work a Korean banquet to meet a com- in the paddy' fields. The men arid pany of Korean gentlemen. I com- women in white starched clothing promised on a "tea" as offering a and old gentlemen in transparent better opportunity for informal horsehair hat s covering "top conference and fellowship. Twelve knots," are pictUresque and pleas- men of education and standing, all ing sights. But we must look be- deeply interested in the highest neath the surface if we would un- welfare of their country and peo~ derstand Korea or any land. Here pIe, made the two hours fruitful we find unrest and a dread D,f the and delightful. We were seated, future that are destroying the shoeless and cross-legged, on the "peaceful contentment" and that matted floor, around a long table threaten Korean farmers with about a foot high, in an attractive ruin. Korean home. By way of introduc- While in Korea, it was our priv- tion, I asked each one to indicate ilege to talk with Japanese and his occupation and special inter- Koreans, missionaries and business ests. Dr. Samuel Moffat, a mis- men, journalists and pastors, men sionary who has spent forty years and women, and to read news- in Korea, interpreted and asked papers and official reports. By what their reply to the question these means we gleaned some truth would have been twenty years ago.

as to the real conditions, the diffi- They laughed and said, "We would culties and the forces concerned in all have replied that we were gen- the building of a new Chosen out tlemen of leisure." In those days, of the old Korea. this was considered more in keep- After some months spent in ing Iwith dignity. Now they an- Moslem lands, in India, Burma and swered frankly. The host was a China, all with their unrest and landed proprietor, the father of vexing problems, it was refreshing one of the best surgeons in Chosen.

to visit a land which is not claimed Another, was himself a leading to be "the most difficult field in physician with modern education Asia." Korea has long been looked and a good practice. There was

BUILDING A NEW KOREA

Kim Moksa, the famous evangelist, with the political outlook and know now almost blind but still traveling not what the future offers. The hundreds of miles in Korea and older and wiser Koreans see no Manchuria, preaching the Gospel. hope for independence but are dis- There was Pyun Moksa, pastor of contented with present conditions. the large, self-supporting Central When any disturbance occurs, the Presbyterian church in Pyeng- Japanese police tirst arrest Korean yang-a church with over 2,000 suspects and then make inquiries. members and the mother of eight- Last year, when some Japanese een other churches. Other men students made objectionable represent included two successful marks to Korean girls, the Korean dry goods merchants, a dealer in students resented it and a tight sea products, a paper merchant followed in which Japanese used and a dealer in gold. Many of knives. The police arrested the , ,j KOREAN CHlIISTIAN BUSINESS MEN WHOM THE EDI'l' OR MET IN PYENGYANG Kim Moksa stands at the right of the center and Dr. Samuel Moffett at the right, second row these men had suffered severely Koreans only, put them in jail and for their faith and all had been sought by harsh means to extort tested and had proved their loyalty confessions. Some students, under torture, acknowledged faults which to Christ. later they denied. It was difficult "What," I asked, "are some of to discover the truth.

the difficulties that hinder the The present Governor-General, progress of the Korean Church to- Baron Saito, is highly respected day?" All took part freely in the by the Koreans who believe that discussions. The gist of their re- he is endeavoring to establish plies is as follows: peace and justice; but the police are hated as suspicious, harsh and First, there are the political dil- unfair. Their occasional mistreatjiculties. The patriotic youth are ment of Koreans keeps the people restless under the rule of a foreign government. They are dissatisfied

in a state of unrest and fear. despised as traitors. The Japanese Some months ago, when Kim Moksa schools and textbooks are used to was asked by the Christian En- "Japanize" Korea and school chil- deavorers to address a large meet- dren are forced to pay homage to ing on temperance, he made an im- the Emperor's picture and even passioned plea for total abstinence. Christians are compelled to wor- "Strong drink," he said, "is the ship at Shinto shrines.

cause of many evils in Korea- Many distasteful features of poverty, loss of property, sin and Japanese rule are necessary and degeneracy. If you would be true some are beneficial to Korea; but patriots and true men, leave strong the situation creates unrest and drink alone!" discontent. The Japanese are con- "Stop! Stop!" cried the Jap- querors by force of arms, but they anese police, who are always have not yet learned how to be watching f'o'r sedition in such an "more than conquerors" by win- audience. These remarks of the ning the confidence and friendship speaker were considered dangerous of the ~oreans. One result of these because the Japanese own the conditions is that the attention of breweries and distilleries. the people is drawn from worth- "Why should I stop?" cried Pas- while religious and spiritual mat- tor Kim. "What I have said is only ters. Some have the mistaken idea the truth." that patriotism demands their "Well, be careful," replied the more earnest devotion to temporal police. and material things even th()ugh The audience needed no strong- this is to their own loss and a det~ er endorsement of the speaker's riment to the Church.

words than the opposition of the A second obstacle to Christian police. The Koreans cried out and progress in Korea is economic.

beat their breasts, many broke From an Occidental standpoint, the their clay pipes and those who had Koreans have always been poor, bottles of strong drink emptied the but not paupers. They have had c'Ontents on the ground. They to work hard for a meagre sub- vowed to become total abstainers sistence, but their life has been and to use money formerly spent simple and their wants few. Mud for drink to buy cattle and farm walls with a thatched roof for a implements. Thus, indirectly, the home, rice and beans for food, and political feeling helped the cause a few yards of cloth for clothing, of temperance. have in the past sustained life.

Koreans complain that the J ap- Today, however, the standards of anese have not only taken their living have become more compli- country, but that they are endeav- cated and their expenses have in- oring to rob them of their lan- creased, without a corresponding guage and their literature; they increase in income. The material have substituted Japanese names progress of Korea, with enlarged for Korean to designate their cities commerce and manufactUre, re- and have introduced foreign coin- forestations and large irrigation age; they have brought in foreign schemes, has impr'oved the country soldiers and police and have made without directly benefiting Ko- subordinate hireling police of im- reans. In some instances the re- poverished Koreans. These are verse is true,

BUILDING A NEW KOREA

Take the great Japanese irriga- for their secular business. Physical tion projects. The average Korean needs are so insistant that spirit- farmer owns and cultivates but a ual things suffer neglect.

few tsubo (6 feet square) of land. A third difficulty is related to All his efforts have been required education. For the past forty to raise enough rice for his im- years, Christians in Chosen have mediate necessities. Now the Jap- stressed elementary education and anese propose to tax the farmers bef(we the coming of the Japanese whose land is irrigated to pay for most of the schools, especially in the irrigation projects in ten years. country districts, were in their And they must use the irrigation ditches whether they wish to or not. This taxation, the Koreans declare, will absorb all the profits from their farms and they will be Q·bliged to sell or mortgage them.

It is a confiscatory project. Jap- anese bankers and the Japanese Development Company are ready to loan money to Japanese but not to Koreans, except at excessive in- terest. Thus, the Koreans declare, two-thirds of the farm lands will be in the hands of the Japanese in a few years. If the payments eould be extended over a period of thirty years the farms might be saved- and the farmers also.

The Koreans also find it difficult to compete with Japanese in busi- ness for they have no modern methods or experience in foreign trade.

This e con 0 m i c situation is threatening the churches. The A BURDEN BEARER IN KOREA Christians have been taught to be thrifty and to give generously. hands. The Japanese have sought Most of their churches are self- to control the educational system supporting. Now parents find it and to secularize it. Mission difficult to educate their children, schools were required to make at- and church members to support tendance at religious exercises vol- their pastors. F'or some years untary and to take the Bible out of Christians have devoted much time the curriculum. Some missions to Bible study and Christian work, yielded to this demand, but the giving many days a year to per- Presbyterians declined to carryon sonal evangelism of their non- school work if the new regulations Christian neighbors. Now eco- were enforced. The Japanese nomic pressure makes this more wisely agreed not to press the let- difficult. There is also an increased ter of the law and most of the temptation to use the Lord's Day schools continue to teach the Bible

as before. Some are recognized by increased and an anti-Christian the government, but pupils in un- spirit is fostered.

recognized schools suffer handi- Forces for Building caps in preparing for go,vernment positions. All this directly affects the One of the chief complaints is growth and the health of the Chris- that Japanese schools discriminate tian Church, which at one time against Koreans-especially Chris- gave promise of being the dom- tians or any who have been con- inant influence in Korea. Truly nected wit h the Independence this is not the most difficult field Movement. While the Japanese in Asia, but there are still many have temporized in the matter of obstinate obstacles to be overcome religious education in missi{)n in the name and power of Christ.

schools, they are known to look These obstacles offer a challenge to with disfavor on Christian educa- the Christian Church for Korea is tion. Christian students from mis- a field of great opportunity and of sion schools find it difficult to gain rich promise. The people are un- admission to Japanese universities usually susceptable to the teach- and technical schools. Parents are ings and the Spirit of Christ and therefore tempted to send their the forces that are with us are children to government institu- stronger than those that are tions where they receive no Chris- against us.

tian instruction and may even be 1. To spend a Sunday in a city u n d e r anti-Christian influences. like Pyengyang is an inspiration.

There is danger that this may les- It was our privilege to make a sen the high respect which Ko- round of visits to many of the reans today hold for the Church Church and Sunday-school serv- and other Christian institutions. ices in this "Christian Capital" of A fourth difficulty is found in Korea. We could not even catch a the present general social and re- glimpse of all the services, for ligious situation. Intemperance, there are over twenty Presbyterian the social evil and other sins have churches alone, besides man y always been present in Korea-as strong Methodist congregations.

elsewhere–but they were growing At the West Gate church, it was less and less respectable under very impressive to see an audience Christian influence. Unfortunately, of five hundred men and women in with the advent of the Japanese, their white, yellow, pink or purple these evils have increased. More garments, looking like a field of intoxicants have I:leen imported lilies, daffodils, roses and hya- and licensed prostitute quarters cinths. All had removed their have been established in several shoes and were seated cross-legged cities. Added temptations have on the clean grass matting. The been put in the way of the youth women were on one side and the and many are not strong enough men on the other. Children and to resist. Imposing Shinto shrines young people meet at a separate have been established, like that on hour. No more reverent and at- the mountain overlooking Seoul; tentive audience could be found in ancestral worship is linked with any land. With bowed heads, they emperor worship; atheistic and joined in prayer; with open Bibles communistic literature has greatly they followed the Scripture read-

BUILDING A NEW KOREA

ing or exposition; with one accord prompted. New pupils from nonthey joined heartily in the songs Christian homes are placed in a of praise. separate class until they have at- tended four successive Sundays In the room below was gathered, and can be cle&ned and classified. at the same time, a junior audi- The earnest, reverent, Church-wide ence. The Presbyterian churches Bible work is one of the secrets of hold their preaching services in the strength and growth of Christhe afternoon, some of the congre- tianity in Korea. Among a popugations being so large as to neces- lation of 19,000,000, there are over sitate adults and young people 2,000 Presbyterian churches alone, besides almost as many Methodist meeting at different hours. In the mornings, the Presby- PART OF A SUNDAY MORNING AUDIENCE IN 'l'HE CENTRAL PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, PYENGYANG, KOREA terian churches hold their large and independent congregations. schools for Bible study in three The total number of Protestant sections. Men, women and young church members is over 300,000, people take their turns in filling with as many more adherents. the large churches and in caring for the home and small children. 2. Another sign of strength and The sight of these large Sunday- secret of growth of the Korean schools diligently engaged in Bible Church is the way in which Chrisstudy set an example to churches tians witness to their unbelieving in America. Many of the girls neighbors. Believers have been and women carried placid little taught that it is the duty and black-haired, olive-skinned babies privilege of every Christian to be strapped on tlieir backs, Korean a witness; one of the requirements fashion. These infants practically for Church membership is that never cried; they slept or nod- the candidate shall have already ded, smiled or nursed as nature sought to lead some unbeliever to Christ. Many new congregations

have been formed in towns and vil- tians. In Pyengyang and other lages never visited by an ordained cities and towns the shops of pastor, evangelist or missionary. Christians can be distinguished Some of the regular means used from those of non-Christians by to s pre a d the Gospel and to the fact that they are closed on strengthen the Church are: evan- Sunday and the shutters are up.

gelistic itineration and revival Non – attendance at church is a campaigns; Bible classes and in- cause for discipline, and if con- stitutes held for from two to ten tinued without good reason leads weeks in various churches; Chris- to suspension. In the present cam- tian work in schools, colleges and paign, some of those so disciplined hospitals; and special Bible courses have been restored to the church in higher Bible schools, theological and have expressed their joy in seminaries and medical schools. their return to the fold.

A special church-wide evangel- 3. Another source of strength to istic campaign is now in progress the Church in Korea is the fact throughout Korea. that pastors consider their congre- The objectives are: gations not merely their field for 1. To doubl,e church attendance. CUltivation, but their force for 2. To double church membership. service. Requirements for church 3. To increase the number of in- offices include not only a blameless quirers. life, but evidence that the candi- 4. To increase attendance at Sun- date rules well his own household; day-schools. that he knows the catechism and 5. To promote Bible classes and rules of church government; can Bible institutes. read Korean and Chinese and is able and ready to pray and preach 6. To promote family worship in acceptably. If the wife of a church the homes. officer becomes involved in a scan- dal or if one of his children mar- 7. The church-wide observance of ries an unbeliever, that is sufficient the Lord's Day. cause for his resignation. He 8. Every church member a witness for Christ.

9. Every Christian a Bible student.

10. To promote Christian steward- should be able to exert a stronger ship in the use of time, talents and influence in his o,wn household if money. he is worthy to rule lin the Church For the evangelistic meetings, of God. It would be interesting to cards were distributed to church apply these tests to church officers members. These are good for ad- in America!

mission only when the member is In the building of a new Korea accompanied by a non-Christian. out of the old there are many This insures an audience at least forces at work. Chiefly, they are 50 per cent unevangelized and en- two-as has been intimated-the lists Christians as personal work- Japanese government and the ers. Already many churches re- Christian Church. These should port a gain in all objectives and not be antagonistic but supplemen- some have already doubled or tary. The Japanese are develop- tripled their membership. ing the material resources, pro- Sunday observance and regular moting sanitation, he a I t hand church attendance are both strong- education. They are responsible ly stressed among Korean Chris- for peace and security, for justice

BUILDING A NEW KOREA

and laws, and for international re- of the Word of God. The Bible lations. In most of these directions must be studied and understood they are showing commendable and its teachings followed if a efficiency. Where they fall short Church is to live and grow. Ko- seems to be in their lack of sym- rean Christians accept it literally.

pathy and understanding of the They fully believe that the Lord Koreans. Most officials tend to today, in answer to the prayer of treat them as inferiors and seek to faith, heals the sick. They still transform them into Japanese too cast out demons in the Name and hastily and harshly. They show a Power of Christ; they follow New lack of appreciation for Korean Testament standards more closely history and institutions and over- than mnst western Churches in the look the value of religious teaching observance of the Lord's Day, in -especially the blessings that have the examination of candidates for come through Christ and His Gos- baptism, in the selection of church pel. officers, and in the rules for church The other great factnr in the discipline.

building of the new Korea is the If these standards are not to be mis8iooory movement. This has lowered and are to be intelligent- meant the establishment of schools ly followed and understood, the and colleges, h 0 s pit a I sand church leaders must be carefully churches, the distribution of Bibles trained as teachers and overseers and Christian literature, work fnr of the flock. Today, few of the lepers and the farmers. The Agri- pastors are college graduates. They cultural Institute under Mr. Dex- are assisted by "helpers" who have ter N. Lutz, a Presbyterian mis- had Bible training and evangelistic sionary at Pyengyang, conducts an experience. There is great need experimental farm, carries on ex- for a better educated ministry and periments in soil improvement, for more of these Bible trained fertilizers and seeds, provides agri- "helpers." Ordained pastors are cultural courses for students, holds trained in the Presbyterian Sem- institutes for farmers, and trains inary in Pengyang and in the picked men to go out and conduct Methodist Seminary in Sea u I .

similar institutes in their own dis- Helpers, Bible women and church tricts. Since 80 per cent of the officers are trained in short-term population is engaged in tilling the institutes and in Bible schools.

soil, this work is of far-reaching In the winter of 1911, Dr. Ar- importance. Indirectly, it is vitally thur T. Pierson visited Korea and related to the growth of a strong, was deeply impressed with the self-supporting, independent, mis- apostolic character of the work sionary Church. and the opportunity before the Perhaps the most characteristic Church. Conferences with mis- feature of the Korean Christianity sinnaries led him to desire earnest- has been its devotion to the Bible ly to help strengthen the Bible and whole hearted acceptance of training among people that were its teachings as the divinely given eager for it. Soon after he returned rule of faith and life. In every to America, he was called Home, Mission field, power and perma- but his family and friends united nence in. Christian life have been to carry out his purpose by estab- in proportion to such acceptance lishing the Pierson Memorial Bible

School in Seoul, the capital. This several traveled on foot to various school is based on Jesus Christ as parts of the country to do evanthe Son of God and Saviour of gelistic work. men, and the Bible as the inspired Word of God. The School has now As we studied the needs of the been in operation for over fifteen Korean Church for more trained years. In it are cooperating the Bible leaders, and learned of the Nor the r n Presbyterians, the opportunities for preaching the Northern and Southern Methodists Gospel, saw the earnestness of the and the Canadian Presbyterians Koreans in Bible study and the (now, United Church of Canada). eagerness of these young men to The Principal of the School is the prepare for Christian service, we Rev. Wallace J. Anderson, a Pres- were deeply convinced of the imbyterian missionary, and at the portant place that such a Bible time of our visit there were forty- school can fill in the program of three students. Eleven were grad- Christ, as a "School of the Prophuated last year, of whom three ets" in Korea. were Methodists and eleven Presbyterians. They came from eight It is not the purpose of this of the thirteen provinces and all Bible school, or that at Taiku, to planned to enter Christian service. fill the place of a theological semi- Two are now in the Theological nary. This need is at present sup- Seminary in Pyengyang, and their plied in Seoul by the Methodists and in Pyengyang by the Presbyconsecration and ability are highly terians. It is more in line with commended by the faculty. some Bible institutes in America and is designed; We were greatly impressed with the earnestness and high purpose 1. To train unordained church of the pupils of this Bible School. workers. Many are of high calibre as men and as Christians. Some had trav- 2. To give special Bible instructiQn eled long distances on foot, one and practical experience to students hundred miles or more, to attend not ready to enter the seminary. the School. Tl1ey could not afford the price of even a third-class rail- 3. To conduct short term classes way ticket. Most of them were and institutes for men and women of living on a minimum allowance for the Seoul Station. food and clothing, with none of the comforts–much less the lux- 4. To provide classes for laymen in uries–enjoyed by seminary and church leadership. Bible institute students in America. Yet they were cheerful and 5. To offer night classes for Sununcomplaining and were happy to day"school teachers and others. walk several miles to save carfare that had been given them, in order 6. To give practical courses in perto put the money in a fund for sonal evangelistic work. summer evangelism. Practically all of the students spend a part of 7. To offer musical instruction for their time in evangelistic work, choruses and leaders of church music. Bible teaching and preaching in This is a large program which the SeOUl district. Last summer is not now covered by any school in Korea. To carry it out will re- quire increased support from America and from Korea. The Church on the field is having a hard struggle to maintain its standard of self-support and pov- erty makes it impossihle for stu-

BUILDING A NEW KOREA

dents to meet the full cost of tui- training schools will be a great loss tion and board. None of the Chris- to the Church. tian colleges, seminaries or Bible institutes even in America are self- "T h i r d, the sympathy and supporting-much less can we ex- prayers of the Christians in Amerpect th~s today in Korea. The need ica." is vital and the opportunity is great. If the challenge is accepted, To the question "How can Chris- American Christians who believe tians at home be of greatest help to Christians in Korea?" some pas- tors in Taiku replied: THE FACULTY AND STUDENTS OF PIERSON MEMORIAL BIBLE SCHOOL, SEOUL Mr. Anderson, principal; is seated next to the ('dltor in the secolld row and Mrs. Anderson to t11e Jeft of Mrs. Pierson in evangelical biblical training for 1. "By considering Koreans as the Koreans must accept it and truly brothers and sisters in Christ provide additional support. and by giving brotherly help in this time of need. To the question: "What is the greatest need in Korea today?" the . 2. "By 'sending more mission- Christian laymen in Pyengyang aries, filled with the love of Christ answered: and faith in the word of God, to help train our church leaders. "First, fair and impartial treatnwnt; an opportunity to' earn an 3. "By prayerful andsympahonest living and to live an honest thetic support of our efforts to life. build up the Church of Christ in Korea." "Second, Christian education. For this, Koreans need contimted Will you accept this challenge help. Any decrease in the number and help to carry out this proof Christian schools or in the sup- gram? It is a program for building port of Christian colleges and aNew Chrisitan Korea.

3

THE CHURCH OFFERS MEN*

A Message to the People of the United States from One Hundred American Clergymen T HE Church of Jesus Christ offers to men an authentic message concerning God which leads to the secret of all worth-while living. It recognizes the universal human hunger for God, and the possibility of communion with Him. It reveals God as a living, Personal Force. It offers a partnership with God. . . .

The Church offers acquaintanceship with the great men of the past. In the lives of prophets and heroes and in the life of Jesus Christ, the Church holds up the ideals by which character and achievement may be measured. In the call to help build the Kingdom of God on earth, the· Church presents the purpose which gives deeper meaning to everything men do. It releases through human lives the transforming power of God. It gives men a long view of life. . . .

The Church offers a fellowship with the great host of believers throughout the world. It gives an opportunity to work with other men fo,r the cultivation of the spiritual life and for increasing the stock of goodness in the world. It offers membership in an organization which thinks in terms of world relations. It is the oldest and most honorable institution in existence. . . .

The Church offers a comradeship of worshippers. While it urges private devotion, it brings men together so that they may receive the inspiration which comes from united worship; and to this end it provides a vast storehouse of aids so that men may "practice the presence of God." This comradeship is the greatest brotherhood in existence. . .

The Church offers to men the most inspiring task in the world. It gives them a view of life which lifts them out of themselves and relates them to vast purposes. It has a world-wide program of social adjustment, sanctioned and empowered by religion. It offers modern men a fighting chance in the great struggle to improve the conditions of life here on earth. It asks men to devote their best talents, their keenest wisdom, and their highest genius in helping tOo make this world what it ought to be. . . .

The Church offers comradeship with Jesus Christ in all the affairs of life. It gives men a clear understanding of the mind of Christ. It is through Him that we come to know God. The steady discipline of intimate friendship with Jesus Christ results in men becoming like Him.

The Church offers to men a solution of the problem of sin. It gives comfort and strength when trials come and sorrows weigh upon the heart, an enlargement of life's meaning, guidance in life's endeavors, and an assurance of life's outcome. It offers a message of courage and hope, the gift of wisdom in times of pe:r,;plexity, the assura nce of perfect peace, emancipation from ignorance through the truth which makes all men free, and the power of eternal life.

• From the HFact Book" of the Home lfissions CongreHS, Wnshington, D. C.

34

SUPPORT HOME MISSIONS*

BY THE REV. JAY S. STOWELL, Philadelphia, Pa.

CHANGES in social and indus- fortunate result is the building up trial realms, changes in pub- in the minds of church constitulic thinking, changes in the encies of a thoroughly misleading home missionary program itself, idea of what the home missionary and the startling fact of an annual program is, with a consequent decline in missionary receipts in tendency to defeat the program it- an era of unprecedented national self. The sympathy motive is a prosperity and actual increase in dangerous motive to rely upon.

giving along certain other lines, are !FEAR-Another motive which factors in a situation which makes has been used is fear. We have it well-nigh mandatory for us to stated deliberately that unless we examine the motives undergirding Christianize certain groups they the home missionary enterprise would paganize us. There has and to consider those conditions in been and still is considerable truth the churches which help or hinder in such a statement and the appeal home missionary support. is an effective one. For example, SYMPATHY-The appeal to sym- can organized society continue to pathy is one which quickly brings exist in our great cities and will a response and that appeal has life or property be safe if we conbeen used widely. Few things tinue to raise up generations of have done more to stir the heart youth to become gangmen and gun- and reach the pocketbooks of men with thoroughly antisocial atchurch members than photographic titudes when adequate church pro- or verbal pictures of mountaineer grams might have built entirely log cabins, Negro shacks and con- different conceptions into the lives gested city tenements. Human erf the same individuals? The fear nature responds quickly to such motive is probably an unfortunate presentations. There is reason to motive to use when it refers to par- believe, however, that the sym- ticular racial or national groups pathyappeal has nearly served its since it does a marked injustice to day in home missions. To be sure, the members of that group who there are still plenty of poor peo- are taking their place in the com- ple in America but the proportion munity as purposeful and useful is much smaller than in the past Christians, and it creates wI-o·ng and to continue this appeal tends attitudes even toward less worthy to break down the self-respect of members of such groups. How- the people who might be included ever, it is well for our supporting in such groups or to prejudice constituencies to face frankly and them against the Church itself frequently the possible results of since they come to feel that they living in communities or in a na- are being exploited foro publicity tion where the work now done by purposes rather than assisted from national home-missionary agencies Christian motives. An equally un- is neglected.

*' From the Report ()f n committee of the SELF-INTEREST – Missions have Nntinnul Home Missions Congress. sometimes been promoted on the 35

assurance that the Christian re- of religion into the life of the ligion promotes community and young people of the nation. Much national well-being; it tends to in- of the appeal of the Near East pro- crease a person's wants, to build gram, which kept the attention of up reliability of character, to pro- American people for years, grew mote interest in community enter- out, not merely of the fact of hu- prises, and in general to make life man hunger, but of the fact that easier and more prosperous. Just the people who were hungry were as it is an advantage for an indi- boys and girls. Surely there is no vidual to purchase a home in a more legitimate appeal and pos- community supplied with churches, sibly no more effective appeal for so it is an advantage to live in a the promotion of home-missionary nation where other communities interest than the things which the are supplied with churches. This home-missionary enterprise has motive is not the most compelling. done, is doing, and ought to do for CHRISTIAN DUTy-It is quite boys and girls.

clear that Christ had a program of SOCIAL AND INDIVIDUAL SALVA- expansion for His followers and TION-The main motive on which that He sent His disciples out to the home missionary enterprise carryon this work of expansion. must depend is the abounding con- He had some very decided ideas fidence that only in Jesus Christ about the outreach of His kingdom can the individual and society es- and issued urgent exhortations to cape sin and degradation and find His followers for carrying on His complete fulfillment of life. In work. To many loyal Christians other words, the home missionary the conviction that the missionary enterprise is based upon a pro- enterprise is a continuation of the found conviction of the worth- program launched by Jesus him- whileness of the Christian religion self is sufficient warrant for their in the life of the individual and the participation in it. nation and of the effectiveness of LOVE OF CHILDREN-One of the the Christian Church as the media- most effective appeals which the tor of Jesus Christ and His re- home-missionary enterprise has to- ligion to the lives of men.

day is the challenge of the boys and THE CHALLENGE-To those of girls of America. An amazing us who believe that Jesus Christ, amount of home missionary work the founder and exponent of Chris- is actually done with boys and girls tianity, is man's chief need, that and the volume of such work is fullness of life can be found only steadily increasing. Almost every in Him, and that personal morality home missionary enterprise has its and social righteousness must find Sunday school or its classes, its its basis in the- religion which He clubs, its week-day religious in- taught, there can be no more in- struction, its daily vacation church spiring task than that of going out school, and other related activities. to enlist the wealth of the nation Much of the money which goes into and the rising flood of young life home missionary churches is for in the challenging task of making equipment to serve boys and girls available to all the communities of and there is no reason why the America the Christian privileges missionary enterprise cannot cap- which some communities now en- italize this appeal for the building joy.

RELIGION STOP WAR?*

BY DR. HENRY A. ATKINSON Secretary of the World Oon!crence !or International Peace ThrQugh ReUyian T HE eleven great religious religions and religious groupings systems – Christian, Jewish, of mankind. A World Conference Moslem, Buddhist, Confucian- is to be held. The purpose as ist, Shintoist, Taoist, Hindu, Zoras- agreed upon at the conference of trian, Sikh, and Jain-are organiz- 1928 states: ing themselves for a joint endeavor Purposes of Conference to establish world peace and outlaw war. Quietly under way since Peace is one of the loftiest positive 1924, the effort will reach the full aims of united human endeavor. Spirestate of a world movement in itual in its very nature and implicit 1932 when these faiths, and many in the teachings of all religions, it of the minor religions, will convene was this aim which inspired the in a World Conference for Interna- Church Peace Union to set on foot the tional Peace through Religion. movement that has now taken form in a resolve to hold a World Conference Can the reliirions of the world of all religions. Of this Conference prevent war? They have been used the sole purpose will be to rouse and to direct the religious impulses of huto make war, and certainly no one manity against war in a constructive who knows history or keeps up world-wide effort to achieve peace. with current events can dispute the statement that to seek to pre- The World Conference designs neivent war is one of the noblest en- ther to set up a formal league of reterprises into which the religious ligions, nor to compare the relative leadership of the world can enter. values of faith, nor to espouse any It seems a wild dream to try to political, ecclesiastical, or theological or social system. Its specific objects bring together the religious lead- will be: ers for such a purpose; but when, 1. To state the highest teachings in September, 1928, there came to of each religion on peace and the Geneva from the ends of the earth causes of war.

some 200 delegates representing 2. To record the efforts of religious the eleven major religions of hu- bodies in furtherance of peace. manity and five or six of the smaller religious groups, thousands of 3. To devise means by which men people began to say, "Perhaps this of all religious faiths may work tothing can be done after all." A gether to remove existing obstacles to program of action was agreed upon peace; to stimulate international coand efforts set on foot to form a operation for peace and the triumph World Committee of a thousand of right; to secure international jus- tice, to increase goodwill, and thus to bring about in all the world a fuller persons drawn from the various realization of the brotherhood of men.

4. To seek opportunities for con- "The Conference referred to in this I1rticle certed action among the adherents of Is not a conference of religions or on religion. all religions against the spirit of vio- It will not jnvolve comparisons or imply lence and the things that make for equality. No religion w!11 be officially repre- strife_ sented or be reapoDsiblf!: for anything that is said or done. It is not a conference of or for Per-suaded that this high purpose religion at all, but a conference for protest will move devoted hearts and minds against war and the adl"ocacy of international peace by individual men and women of all re~ ligious faiths.-A. J. B.

87

everywhere, the preliminary gathering Wadia; in China, Dr. Hu Shih and at Geneva has app'Ointed a c'Ommittee Dr. Chen Huan Chang; in Japan, t'O prepare f'Or the W'Orld C'Onference, Prof. Tomoeda and Dr. Anesaki, S'O that w'Orld-wide coordination 'Of re- and hundreds of others equally ligi'Ous endeav'Or may help t'Owards the well known. All have agreed to take full establishment 'Of peace among a place on the Committee and are men. working for this great purpose.

Four International Commissions If you ask the average man this have been set up: one to make a question: "Can religion prevent study of the influences in the world war?" he will say, "No." He that make for war, the second to knows religions better by their opmake a complete survey of the position than by their constructive spiritual resources of mankind agreements. To him religion is with which these influences can be a fighting force–Catholic and met, the third to make a survey of Protestant, Jew and Arab, Hindu the efforts now being made by the and Moslem, Lutheran and Calvinvarious religious agencies and their ist, Methodist and Baptist. These adherents throughout the world to very names signify opposing further interracial and interna- forces. How can you bring the tional understanding and peace, broken fragments of a fighting and the fourth to formulate a pro- army into a well-ordered regimentgram by which the spiritual re- ed movement for peace? sources of mankind can be set in motion, coordinated, and directed Religion's Warlike Past to bear upon the causes of war. The historian will agree with the Leaders 'Of M'Ovement average man in saying that religion cannot prevent war. Wars in the Men eminent in the field of eco- past have been largely fought nomics, education, science, sociol- either for religion or by the aid of ogy, literature, art, and religion religion. From the earliest time have accepted places as members man built his altar over against the of these Commissions. When the altar of his neighbor. Religion alreports are completed they will be ways has been a divisive factor in published and distributed, and be- human affairs. It is well known come the basis of discussion when that the troubles in Ireland were the World Conference meets. aggravated by the religion of the people. The same is true in India The Conference calls for a joint where every person has some kind presidency of six, of whom five of religion and everything is conhave already been appointed-Dr. nected in some way with religion; S. Parkes Cadman of the United where every act of life must con- States, Dr. Albert Einstein of Ger- form to some religious ceremony, many, Dr. Rabindranath Tagore custom or prejudice. The 320,000,- of India, Baron Saketani of Japan, 000 people in India represent not and the Lord Bishop of Liverpool, so many individuals but various England. Among the Vice-Presi- communities determined by their dents are leaders widely known religious beliefs and affiliations. from all the nations and all religious faiths: in India, Mahatma By its very definition religion Gandhi, Dr. Ansari, Prof. Rad- binds man back to his God, but in hakrishna, Teja Singh, and Prof. its activities it seems to divide him

CAN RELIGION STOP WAR?

from his fellow men. The Father- commercial advantages. Behind hood of God is a doctrine much the forcible conversion to Chriseasier to accept as an article of tianity of the nations and the faith than the universal brother- sword of the conquerors, was the hood of man, if one is to judge by grim figure of the Emperor who, practical results. Religion has al- through his priests, baptised in ways identified itself with race and the name of the Father, Son, and national aspirations. Every war the Holy Ghost and took over new that was every fought has had the lands in the name of the Imperial active support of religion and Crown. The cross erected over the many wars may be considered newly built church matched the purely religious. This is what the flag of the conqueror proudly flyhistorian will tell you. ing over the newly built garrison.

Few Purely Religious Wars The clash between Jew and Arab in Palestine and the recent de- However, in spite of common ex- plorable riots and savage slaughter perience and historical evidence, I are not the result of religious conam sure that a deeper study of his- troversy or rivalry. There is no tory will convince anyone that quarrel between the Arab and the there have been few purely reli- Jewish citizen. Zionism is not ingious wars; that is, wars fought terested in maintaining the synasolely for religion and in the in- gogue over against the mosque; in terests of religion. The Moslem fact, many of the Zionist colonies armies went out ostensibly to con- have no synagogue. The Wailing vert the Christian world to the Wall is merely incidental. The Moslem faith, but behind that clash is between a conquering movement was the desire and the minority gradually becoming domidetermination to build up a great nant and a static majority that world empire. It was national ag- feels its helplessness in Palestine gression using religious enthusi- and its kinship to the larger quesasm. The Crusades, pictured as a tion involved in a pan-Arab state. religious enterprise, was the Holy The interests of Arabia, Egypt, War par excellence. Christian na- Syria, Transylvania, and Iraq are tions joined forces to rescue the being fought out in Palestine. Holy Sepulchre from the hands of the Saracens. But behind this re- Religion Affects All Human Life ligious motive was a deeper onethe greed of the West and the belief The religions of the world reprethat a pathway could be opened up sent the one interest most nearly between its capitals and the great universal that affects human life. centers of wealth in the Far East. There are many forms of worship and practice, for no tribe has ever It was this restless movement been found, even in the most rethat lay at the beginning of the mote parts of the world, without Renaissance and was behind the some religious faith. Religion is great explorers. It was this that one of the most powerful influences sent adventurers out to the ends of upon people and one of the most the earth, and it was this same far reaching, for it penetrates to spirit that discovered America- every action of the individual. Can religion utilized for trade and gov- these religions be organized into ernmental enterprises as well as an effective instrument to fight

against those things that make for peace. Either the eleven living remisunderstanding and discord and ligions can cooperate to put an end cooperate in developing a sense to war, or else war will put an end of spiritual oneness, a world-wide to modern governments and the friendship that will make effective religions that now dominate huevery plan and effort toward the manity will be cast aside as the establishment of a warless world? useless appendages of an outgrown The Paris Peace Pact has by de- past. cree outlawed war. It now remains to be outlawed in fact. Legal pro- Can Religion Stop War? hibitions never accomplish more than the people are willing that This question was recently adthey should accomplish. dressed to the editor. He replied: War will not be outlawed until Yes, if it is the right kind of religion the men and women of all nations and if its followers truly understand it see to it that it is outlawed. The and intelligently apply it. One of the god of war is too strongly en- most hopeful signs of the times is the trenched to be driven from his fort- growing conviction that war and Christ ress by harsh words, nor will the are utterly incompatible. Briand-Kellogg Pact and the other instruments of peace, by making But the answer to the question cannot faces at him, give him any uneasi- stop here. How can religion stop war? ness. Just as long as diplomacy What method shall it adopt? At this follows the old lines of intrigue point there is wide difference of opinion. and self-interest and depends upon We need to realize more adequately that force to make right its demands, the elimination of war is a by product. whether they be just or not, wars Something else must be secured first, will continue. Until there is a and then the desired result will logically new spirit born in the hearts of and naturally follow. That something people and the spirit of peace else is the spirit of human brotherhood, an international friendship which will itself felt in the official govern- dispel the fears and suspicions and mental circles, the nations will con- prejudices and misunderstandings and tinue to arm and by their display hatreds from which wars spring. of force provoke the wars which they will then be compelled to fight. It is the specific function of religion The creation of such a spirit is a to create this spirit. Laws and treaties, real religious task. Never once up the World Court and the League of Nato the present has an effort been tions are indispensable to give effect to made to bring together the re- it. Religious men and women in .their ligions of the world to mould them capacity as citizens should support these into a weapon against war itself. agencies. But the special field in which religion should operate is not the ante- Religion can abolish war. The chambers of politicians but the pulpit, religions of the world can make the the platform, the press, and the consigning of the Briand-Kellogg Pact ference round table. Nations whose peo- ples respect and trust one another will the most significant event that has settle their differences by peaceful means. ever transpired in the history of But there will be no end to wars until the law of love supersedes the law of mankind. the jungle. Treaties cannot create that If the religious instincts of hu- love. They can only register its dic- tates after religion has created it. manity can be mobilized for war, surely they can be organized for A. J. B.

A PRAYER Lord God, of might inconceivable, of glory incomprehensible, of mercy im- measurable, of benignity ineffable, do Thou, 0 Master, look down upon us in Thy tender love, and show forth towards us and those who pray with us, Thy rich mercies and compassions.-St. Chrysos- tom.

STATESMEN MEET

WASHINGTON An Editorial Review of the Recent Home Missions Congress of North America T HE magnitude, importance general Home Missions Congress, and problems of the Home gathering together representatives Missions' task has never been of the whole Protestant Church and set forth so fully and so forcefully studying the task in its entirety. as at the Home Missions Congress It was not a popular gathering to which met in Calvary Baptist reach the uninterested but was a church, Washington, D. C., during deliberative conference of workers the first five days of December. It to study the situation-its needs, was important in its numbers and its faults, its methods and its rerepresentation. The. eight hun- sponsibilities. Some day soon dred or more delegates represented there should be a more popular twenty-eight Protestant bodies and more widely representative that include in their membership gathering to present home mistwo thirds of the Protestant Chris- sions in a way to compel attention tians of the United States and and enlist more general coopera- Canada. . The officers were Dr. tion-as was done for foreign mis- Charles L. White, President; Mrs. sians by the Ecumenical Confer- Orrin R. Judd and Rev. Walter L. ence in New York in 1900. Lingle, Vice-Presidents; Dr. Wil- The Congress was important, liam R. King, Executive Secretary, and should be epoch-making, beand Rev. Herman N. Morse, Coun- cause of the care and completeness selor. Leading home missionaries that marked the preparation and and executives, active pastors, lay- free, frank and factual discussions. men and women constituted the The Data Book, prepared in admembership of the Conference. vance, is a masterpiece in the clear- The Congress was held and the ness with which it sets forth the plans were made under the auspi- main facts and features of the ces of the Home Missions Council, home mission task. The Congress the Council of Women for Home was divided daily into groups for Missions, and the Federal Council the careful discussion of the subof Churches of Christ in America. divisions of the work-(l) scope, The chief lack noticeable was in :ftnances, equipment and administhe absence of any number of rep- tration; (2) promotion objectives, resentatives of young people who methods and means; (3) comity should be interested and trained and cooperation – its principles, for the task before the Church. failures and progress; (4) person- The Congress was important be- nel and recruiting, with the enlistcause of its uniqueness and pur- ment and training of workers; pose. The foreign mission enter- (5) the city and new Americansprise has had numerous great and their special problems and the inclusive gatherings – Liverpool, solution; (6) the town and coun- London, New York, Edinburgh, try, with suburban and rural Jerusalem-but this was the first churches, Southern Mountaineers 41

and their needs; (7) the American Council, in the clarion call-uNo Indians, their present and future; community neglected, no mission- (8) the Jews in America and how ary work duplicated, no mission- to win them to Christ; (9) the ary funds wasted; all studying the West Indies-Porto Rico, Cuba, work of each, each working for the Haiti, Dominican Republic and the success of all; progress by reci- Virgin Islands; (10) the Negroes procity; spiritual conquest through in America and the problem of Christian cooperation."

race-relations; (1:1) Spa n ish The findings of the Congress, as Americans, Asiatics and migrant reported and discussed in the last groups; (12) the Mormons today session, represent the best thought and what should be done for them; of the best minds engaged in the (13) Alaska and its missions. task of giving Christ and His Gos- Each of these topics was discussed pel to Americans. This document in separate group meetings led by may well form the basis for futUre those who have had experience plans and policies. If the facts and are leaders in their respective presented are accepted and the fields. Each group presented their program recommended is carried conclusions in "Findings" which out by all the Home Mission agen- may well be' taken as an inspiring cies, a new era will dawn for guide for future endeavors. America and for the world. Is it The Congress was remarkable too much to hope? It is not too for its spirit, definite purpose and much to attempt in the name and emphasis. Three things stood out spirit of Christ and in the Power clearly in practically every discus- of God.

sion-not only in general meetings EXTRACTS FROM THE FINDINGS guided by the officers, but in each For a century the church in sub-group. First, the prime im- America labored under the convicportance of presenting Christ and tion that it must expand and press His Gospel to every American and the hopelessness of any other on. If that sense of imperative Power for the saving of America; need has been lost we must recresecond, the need for closer, mote ate it in the Church.

perfect cooperation among all I. DEFINITION-The home mis- Christian forces in working with- sion task of the Church may be deout rivalry or waste of men and fined as the effort, in the spirit of money in every field and enter- Christ and in fulfilment of His prise; third, the need for fuller great commission, to win to Chrisconsecration of men and means~ tian discipleship the people of and more loyal and complete obedi- North America and to Christianize ence to Christ as the great Head of the life of our nations.

the Church. The emphasis on these More specifically, we conceive points was in itself a great encour- that the task of Home Missions in- agement and was helped forward cludes these objectives: by the daily devotional services led 1. To win men and women to by Dr. Henry C. Swearingen. discipleship of Jesus Christ, to The keynote of advance was unite them with other disciples in sounded at the opening service by the fellowship of the Christian Dr. Charles L. White, retiring Church, and to educate them for president of the Home Missions worship and service at home and

CHRISTIAN STATESMEN MEET IN WASHINGTON

abroad by helping them to discover ation and unity will be an empty and to accept for themselves and gain unless He vitalizes it.

for society at large the full conse- How shall this deeper experience quences of Christian discipleship. be attained? Just as the early dis- 2. To make the church available ciples attained it. They followed to those sections of America which Him. They learned from Him.

lack its ministry. " Their lives were a daily experi- 3. To supply adequate church mentation in His way of living. . .

leadership where the work of the In like manner we shall find that present church is unsuccessful or He saves us from disillusionment inadequate. and despair by giving us His own 4. In the case of handicapped or radiance and we, too, will dare to retarded areas or underprivileged take Him into every problem and groups, to assist -in providing those need that lies athwart the nations.

institutions and services which are III. GENERAL CONSlDERATIONS- the necessary elements of a Chris- The romance of Home Missions tian standard of living to the end should not be obscured and the self- that the Christian community life effacing spirit of the home mission- may be developed. ary and the dignity of his work 5. To bring the Christian im- should not remain unrecognized or pulse to bear upon the broad social unappreciated. Home m iss ion and civic "questions of our day. work today as in all the years that II. MESSAGE-Nineteen hundred have passed, demands qualities of years ago a band of men went out courage, patience and self-sacrifice and transformed the world under comparable to those exemplified in the conviction that "Neither is any other phases of Christian serv- there salvation in any other for ice.

there is none other name under The mission school has been de- heaven given among men whereby veloped to meet a particular need we must be saved." This convic- in . areas where adequate educa~ tion was born out of a great per- tional facilities were not available.

sonal experience. Christ had made . . . It is the intention of home their lives pageants of triumph in missions to supplement rather than Him. . . . to substitute for the responsibilities The conviction that Christ is suf- of the State in education.

ficient for meeting the problems of A similar criterion is involved in collective life in North America the valuation of institutions like must likewise come from a great the hospital and the community personal experience of Him. . . . house.

If He means enough to a sufficient The development of the church number of men and women in and of other agencies of religious North America, the entire life of nurture is a basic concern of home our nations can be changed and the missions.

problems that seem too overwhelm- In dealing with racial groups of ing can be solved. alien origin, while we would recog- Throughout this Congress there nize the importance of every effort has been manifest a deep yearning to bring such groups into accord for Christ and a feeling that in with the spirit of American insti- very truth we are thrown back tutions and traditions, we believe wholly on Him. . . . Even cooper- it to be the primary purpose of

home missions to bring these cial and racial relations. We urge groups into the discipleship of upon the churches their Christian Christ and the fellowship of the responsibility in this connection.

Christian Church. Church people should be as Chris- With respect to work in purely tian as they expect their mission- missionary fields there seems to be aries to be.

a need for frequent reevaluation We recommend that specially of such efforts. It should not be chosen missionaries be released by assumed that work once begun their boards to impart information must always be maintained. and awaken interest in home mis- The responsibility of a board sions among student groups.

for the support of a mission church Christian missionaries, in order is not fulfilled merely by extending to be leaders, should in general to it financial assistance. The fa- have at least a college education as cilities of the board should be avail- well as outstanding spiritual and able in frequent conference and personal character.

through other channels to foster in We recommend that the two each aided church a full-orbed life Home Missions Councils appoint a so as to bri;ng it to assume full re- standing committee on Personnel sponsibility in the general pro- to consider the salaries, conditions gram of the Church. of work, personnel management We believe that the National and recruiting for home mission- Home Missions Councils should aries.

establish relations of cooperation We recommend that the policy and counsel with national bodies already in practice by some boards operating in the field of religious of commissioning workers for a education. special service be more widely Home Missions has an inescap- adopted.

able responsibility in relation to V. THE CITY AND NEW AMERI- the application of Christianity to CANs-The city takes an increas- current life problems. The excep- ingly dominant place in American· tional difficulties under which life. The city as never before many of our fields are laboring in places its stamp on the life and this year of business depression thought of the nation.

accentuates the responsibility in The city is essentially a home the field of economic well-being. mission problem. With its polyglot Home Mission Boards should take populations it calls for a ministry the leadership in summoning all to varied racial groups. It has Christian people to shape the eco- great numbers of under-privileged nomic structure of American life who cannot out of their own re- in accordance with true Christian sources provide adequate religious ideals. facilities for themselves. It is the IV. PERSONNEL AND RECRUIT- center of an industrial life that ING-The successful enlisting of challenges Christianity. The sub- missionaries who are personally, urbs as a group constitute a vast spiritually and technically fitted for missionary field.

specific tasks of increasing diffi- The city is remaking human na- culty depends in large measure ture. The breakdown or weaken- upon the Christian attitude of ing of the old social bonds-in the church members on industrial, so- family group, the neighborhood

CHRISTIAN STATESMEN MEET IN WASHINGTON

group, and the racial group-tends known to all the people of North to social disintegration. The shift- America to the end that they may ing of trade groups, population become His followers and that His groups, and population centers on spirit and principles may be made the one hand, and the daily ebb and operative in every sphere and de- flow of the city's life on the other, partment of our human life and make for the adventurous charac- relationships.

ter of individual life … The fundamental appeal of home We urge that the denominational missions is the same today as it city societies of a given city be was one hundred years ago, that brought into closer working rela- is the winning of men and women tions with each other and with the to Jesus Christ and His Way of life, city Federation of Churches. but the methods by which this ap- To equalize religious privilege peal is made must change with changing conditions. The knowlwithin cities marked by such reli- edge that Home Mission Agencies gious destitution and crossed by are adjusting themselves to these such contrasts, requires that the changing conditions will bring conconception of home missions, in its local application to city mis- fidence in the minds of the constitsions, be deemed to comprehend uency.

the full task of the whole church. Some of the factors that enter The Restriction Law has largely into the new approach in home changed the immigrant situation in missions are ever new national the United States. It should be problems and consequent responsiremembered, however, that over bility; the growing complexity ten million people of foreign birth and intensity of the struggle for have made this country their per- life; the enlargement of the intelmanent home and are becoming lectual horizon of greater numbers more and more an integral and of people; and a vast spiritual unformative part of its political, so- rest.

cial and industrial life. Home mis- At the heart of any plan for de- sionary efforts among these people veloping missionary-mindedness in should be continued: Our foreign a local church, we would place a language churches are in a period thoroughly 0 r g ani zed church of transition and deserve the in- school of missions.

creased sympathy and loyalty of Since the pastors are our chief home mission agencies. fellow-workers, we suggest that Recognition is made of an in- Boards endeavor to keep in close creasing number of church projects and sympathetic touch with these supported and maintained jointly by various denominations. They men. We urge the value of passtand as a visible and tangible tes- tors' conferences in which, in a timony of a cooperative purpose spirit of real partnership repreon the part of the Christian Church sentatives of the boards, shall that goes the full length. study with the pastors the why and the how of missionary proce- XV. PROMOTION – Home mis- dures and administrative policies, sionary promotion signifies the and the methods of promotion.

means and the methods which may We urge our theological seminaries be used to advance our common to prepare candidates for the min- purpose to make Jesus Christ istry in the technique and under-

standing of our home missionary XVI. COMITY AND COOPERATION needs and motives. -We approve the purport and On account of the constant criti- method contained in the comity cism of home missionary agencies principles applicable to English- for expending money in so-called speaking Work in the Town and competitive fields and the conse- Country Field, as published in the quent loss in contributions, we Data Book, which have been previ- must express the judgment that, ously approved by the two Home from a promotional standpoint, the Missions Councils, the Cleveland Boards should immediately coop- Comity Conference, and various erate with the Home Missions Home Missions Boards. .

Council in pro'1iding information We approve the Detroit Find- that will silence or at least lessen ings of "The Church in the Chang- this criticism. ing City" (Data Book).

We believe that the Home Mis- We desire to call attention to sions Council will find itself as an communities having a population outcome of this Congress confront- of not less than 2,500 or more than ing a greatly enlarged opportunity 100,000, which are larger than the for leadership in the development town primarily associated with ru- of home mission sentiment and ac- ral territory but smaller than the tivity in the churches. And we large urban areas.

urge upon our respective denomi- Recognition is made of an in- nations such sympathetic response creasing number of church proj- to the plans of the Council as will ects supported and maintained make that leadership effective. jointly by various denominations.

Our study of the causes for the They stand as a visible and tan- apparent decreased interest in mis- gible testimony of a cooperative sions as evidenced by decreased purpose on the part of the Chris- contributions in very recent years tian Church that goes the full leads us to feel that while a num- length. The Home Missions Coun- ber of causes may be given, the cil should seek out such opportuni- fundamental cause is a weakened ties and promote participation.

conviction among our people of the Resolved, That in the making of eternal realities of our religion and church adjustments in communi- a correspondingly less desire to ties of 1,000 or less, the following share that religion with others. principles should be observed: What we need and what we be- (1) The primacy of the commu- lieve the Church at large needs is nity interests and the rights and a renewed and more vital conscious- affections of the smaller groups as ness of God; a sense that Jesus is well as of the larger.

Saviour and that there is none (2) That the church should be other either fnr the individual or so formed, and its affairs so con- for society, that without Him we ducted, that in all things local it can do nothing, that through Him will work towards a single church . we can do anything that needs to consciousness, while in its outside be done. We must strive to inter- affiliations it shall observe such pret these convictions of our Chris- missionary objectives and fellow- tian faith in life and in language ship interests as continue to enlist that will capture the attention and the affection of the membership.

allegiance of our fellow-Christians. (3) That it shall show sacred

CHRISTIAN STATESMEN MEET IN WASHINGTON

regard for the ceremonies, cus- the current Bulletins and reports toms, or sacrements through which of the Home Missions Council and the several groups have been wont given such wider publicity as the to express themselves, making suit- judgment of the Home Missions able arrangements for their con- Council may determine.

tinuance. The Home Missions Council hav- (4) That its affiliations shall be ing reviewed the past ten or twelve such, as, on the one hand, will not years of State Home Missions interfere with the development of Council history as given in reports a single church consciousness, and from representative men from all a new community ideal, and, on the states concerned, wishes hereby to other, will keep it in touch with put itself on record as heartily ap- the going order of Christendom proving the general trend and ad- and in harmony with those ideals vise such State Councils of and convictions which, through Churches and State Home Mis- the generations, have become con- sions Councils as have not had the tributions of world-wide value. desired success, that they study This Congress, representing offi- the work of neighboring State cial church boards, places itself on Councils in order to develop a more record as heartily approving inter- efficient instrument of cooperation.

denominational comity agreements We advise those states having no within individual States and for Councils of Churches to organize Nation as a whole, and urges the such bodies; if the way be not various denominations to prevent clear to organize a State Council the repetition of past experiences of Churches, we urge at least the in unnecessarily multiplying the organization of a State Home Mis- number of churches in communi- sions Council.

ties where one denomination is There are conspicuous examples satisfactorily serving the constitu- of cooperative success of various ency. types in the local community; an In order to make this policy increasing number of denomina- more effective, the Church Boards tional Boards are resolutely seek- be urged to set up within their re- ing to avoid all duplication of effort spective staff organizations a and to develop various lines of posi- Comity Committee to whom shall tive cooperative activity; and we be referred all cases where aid is have developed an imposing list of requested for a new church enter- functioning interdenominational prise in any community where an- organizations.

other evangelical church is main- On the other hand, statistical taining an organization, and to and research experts have declared study all competitive enterprises that too great a per cent of home now receiving aid. missionary money goes to fields of In all cases where the principles 1,000 population or less that have of comity, recognized by the Home more than one Protestant church Missions Council, are ignored by and that each of the denominations the representatives of any denomi- represented in the Home Missions nation, a full record of such cases Council participates in such dupli- be placed on file with the Home cation.

Missions Council with the under- We urge the Home Missions standing that they be reported in Council to check up with its con-

stituent boards the importance of local church groups for discussion making at once a careful analysis and action. of all their aided fields to determine to what extent these fields are The important consideration competitive. The results of these now in the development of comity studies should be reported to the and of the practice of cooperation Council for compilation and for is not organization, or technique, mutual study and conference of but is a question of attitude and the boards concerned. spirit. We do not underestimate the many real difficulties involved We are convinced that the time in the solution of these problems, has come to eliminate competition but we feel sure that no difficulties in home missions. Weare unequi- will prove serious enough, that no vocally opposed to the use of mis- obstacles will be sufficiently insursion funds for the maintenance of mountable to keep us from coopercompetitive enterprises. ation and unity when we all really want cooperation and unity. We urge that the Boards in cooperation with the Home Missions This conviction leads us to em- Council consider carefully what phasize as of fundamental importypes of service or specialized ac- tance the necessity of a wide scale tivity can best be done jointly and persistent campaign of educaeither mediately through the Home tion to be directed simultaneously Missions Council or directly at boards, field officials, church juthrough the cooperation of two or dicatories, both major and minor, more Boards. This consideration ministers and the rank and file of would include general services, as church people. church architecture, rural church promotion, etc., or mISSIOnary This campaign of education services for remote areas or dif- should proceed by emphasizing the ficult situations, etc. spiritual and practical advantages to be achieved through coopera- It is the conviction of this group tion and by emphasizing the need that the time has come and the op- to strengthen and extend the work portunity is at hand for passing of the church to the end that the from the "resolution stage" to the full purpose of Home Missions may "action stage" by an aggressive be accomplished. movement of concerted effort. To that end this group urges city and We commend every effort to state councils and local Home Mis- bring a divided Protestantism into sions Councils to project programs closer unity of thought as well as of adjustments as speedily as pos- into wider harmony of action. We sible; and recommends, where no therefore follow with prayerful such city or state councils exist, interest the efforts of several that the denominational Boards of closely related communions to ef- Home Missions set themselves the fect a closer union, and accept all task of discovering conditions that this as a token of the wider unity need adjustments and present the toward which this common Chrissame to a conference of the respon- tian experience and these united sible denominational officials and efforts clearly tend, all in fulfil- ment of the prayer of our Lord.

NOTE: The "Findings" adopted on Town and Country, Mountaineers, InAdlaiasnks~ Negroes, Jews, West Indies, Mexicans, Orientals, Migrants, Mormons and will appear in our February number.-EDITOR.

Of THE

The Outlook for 1931 but Egypt is the scene of frequent demonstrations by students and others No one can travel in non-Christian who are out of joint with the present lands with eyes, ears, mind and heart constitution. Japan reports an atat attention without being indelibly tempted assassination of the premier impressed, if not depressed, by the and student strikes. Korea is povertysorrows and suffering, the physical ,stricken and discouraged; China is and spiritual need, the helpless and harassed and torn by famine, bandits, hopeless condition of multitudes and pirates, revolution and anti-Christian by the apparently insurmountable dif- communists. India is a restless sea, ficulties that face representatives of disturbed by llQn-cooperation agita- Christ in all mission lands. And even tions, civil disobedience, strikes, and so-called Christian lands are not ex- warring tribesmen on the Northwest empt. Frontier. A desire for self-govern- ment _has made the people unmindful Was there "ever a more diflturbed, of the peace and security and oppordistracted and distressed world than tunity given under British control. that on which we look out today? We came back from our world tour realiz- Truly it is a restless world, a dising more than ever how general are turbed world, a hungry world. These the wars and rumors of wars, famines, are evidences that it is a living, and political earthquakes that are dis- breathing, sensitive, ambitious world. turbing the nations. North America is Men are conscious of a need for somesuffering from economic depression, thing better than they have. They unemployment, racketeers, bootleggers, know not what they need but are bandits, graft and bribery. Great reaching out to obtain if possible. But Britain is disturbed with strikes, un- this has always been true when men employment and a burden of }}Overty. have been aroused to a consciousness Australia faces bankruptcy and is of their god-given powers and their threatened with social revolution. In possible heritage. There have been Europe, we read of labor riots and lulls when men were exhausted or rumblings of revolution in Spain, and when nations were under the control political plots in Rumania and Italy of a dictator, but was there ever a and upheavals in Germany and Bul- time when warfare, murders, robbery, garia. Turkey haH had difficulties in political and social unrest, were not quelling a revolt of the Kurds; Pal- prevalent'! Were conditions any betestine is continually protesting; Rus- ter in the days of the Judges in Issia maintains a despotic government rael; or in the time of the Cresars, in and by wholesale executions ,seeks to the fir,st century of the Christian Era root out those who plot for the over- or in the Middle Ages'! The world throw of the Soviet dictators. conditions are better known today than ever before but they are not essential- Latin America has been harvesting ly worse. Education, financial prosa crop of strikes and revolutions-in perity, inventions, world-wide commu- Argentina, Brazil, Peru and Venezu- nication, peace agitathms and the ela; unrest in Bolivia, Uruguay and spread of democracy do not ,seem to Ecuador i Cuba is under military con- have insured stability, enlightened trol and Central America and Mexico government and brotherly kindness. are political volcanoes. What then is the way out?

Africa seems comparatively quiet 4 49

The Uplook for 1981- Islands of the Sea reveal this Power at work. They tell of lives being trans- As the late Dan Crawford of Africa formed in answer to prayer; of op- position overcome or nullified in once said, "The devil can hedge us in remarkable ways and of workers strengthened and encouraged by the but he cannot roof us in." There is a unseen Power. The outlook at the be- ginning of 1931 is not encouraging way out of failure, of turmoil, of dis- to those who look to human agencies couragement for those who will take for the solution of world problems and it. It is always the same way out. It the satisfaction of human needs. But is the way of God. All over the world the outlook is encouraging because of we found faithful men and women the up-look. The God who brought pointing out this way and walking ill Abraham out of idolatrous but prosit. They are not depending on a bet- perous Ur of the ChaIdeoo; who ter environment, or a more stable gov- brought Israel, the enslaved hordes, out ernment–though they desire these. of Egypt and made them a powerful They are not depending on secular ed- nation; the God who overcame politiucation, or better sanitation and medi- cal and religious opposition and estabcal care-though they seek to make lished the crucified Christ as the domthem available to all. They are not de- inant Power in Europe; who overcame pending on an increase in the number superstition and darkness of the Midof Christian adherents-though they dle Ages, is the same who can and will, work and pray for this. They are seek- in His own time, bring the nations of ing to lead men into a true spiritual the world to acknowledge His sway. But, as in the past, it will be, not by life thnmgh a full surrender to Jesus intellectual might, nor by an army, Christ. We have Been well-equipped but by His Spirit Working in the educational inlltitutions, hospitals, and hearts and lives of men. It is our deindustrial and other humanitarian en- sire in the pages of TIlE REVIEW to terprises that did not seem to bring show the need of men all over the world for spiritual life and the procmen and women nearer to God. We esses on which we must depend for have seen other work that was like a victory. There are remarkable evigrain of mustard seed in size but it dences of God's power at work in the showed the signs of spiritual vitality world today. and was bringing life out of death. We came back convinced more than Dr. Arthur J. Brown ever before that there is only one Message worth taking to men and women In taking up again his official reof all nations and tribes at home and sponsibilities, after the year's absence abroad-the message that God in from the office, the editor desires to Christ ill seeking to reconcile men to express his deep appreciation to Dr. Himself and that He has made that Arthur J. Brown, who has so devotedpossible through the life and death ly and efficiently carried on the ediand resurrection of Jesus Christ. In torial work during the year 1930. Dr. every land we saw evidences of the Brown brought to his delightful task power of God at work, that His is a his rich experience as pastor and mismiracle-working power and that He sionary secretary, his wide knowledge answers prayer. We came back con- of horne and foreign missions, his vinced that we may work in various abilities as author and speaker and his lines but that no work produces living extended contacts with workers at fruit that is not the work of the Spirit home and abroad. In TIlE REVIEW of God. It is the men and women who office, in his correspondence and in his know the reality of partnership with editorial work Dr. Brown won new God in prayer, in aims and in meth- friends and strengthened old ties. We ods, who are accomplishing things worth while in the transformation of men.

Letters from missionary friends with whom we stayed in Asia and the

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

regret that it is not possible to retain good weather and no air pockets I Al- his close editorial connection with THE together, we traveled over 40,000 REVIEW but he is now turning his at- miles; first by way of Madeira and tention to the important work of pre- Mediterranean ports to Egypt; then paring a hi,story of the first hundred to Baghdad and down through Iraq, years of the work of the Board of stopping at Hillah and ancient Baby- Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian lon, Ur of the Chaldees and Basrah.

Church, U. S. A.-a task that will oc- From there we sailed to India, stop- cupy two or three years. ping at Kerachi and landing at Bom- At a recent meeting of the Board bay. After ten weeks in that fascinat- of Directors of THE REVIEW, a resolu- ing, but disturbed and often depress- tion was passed expressing sincere ap- ing, country we went to Burma, the preciation of Dr. Brown's services, his Federated Malay States and Siam.

devotIon to the interests of THE RE- From Bangkok we sailed to Singapore, VIEW and the vision and skill that were went up to a conference at Kuala Lum- evident in his editorial management. pur and, returning to Singapore, took a steamer to Hongkong and Shanghai.

Ten Months at the Front Conditions in China were so unset- tled and our time was so limited that The privilege of ten months' visiting we were not able to go far into the the foreign mission fields is an experi- interior, but were able to visit Hongence that the Editor would like to kong, Canton, Shanghai, Soochow, share with every reader of THE RE- Nanking, Tsing Tau, Tientsin, Peiping VIEW. Only glimpses of what we saw can be given through these pages and and Mukden. Our three weeks in impressi'Ons can be passed on 'Only very China was, of course, far too short, inadequately. but the places and the people we saw made them worth while. The sad news We sailed from New York on De- of the sudden death of our very dear cember 2d, in a blizzard, and arrived friend and missionary partner, Rev.

home. on schedule time exactly ten Charles W. Abel, of Kwato, Papua, months later to a day, almost to an seemed to us a call of God to visit the hour. The whole experience now miss ron at Kwato, so that we might seems like a wonderful dream; but do what we could for the family and we are thankful that it is a reality; plan for the future of the work.

the photographs and memories that From Mukden, we traveled to Korea, we have brought back will not fade where we spent ten delightful days in away like a dream. We spent 130 days Pyengyang, Seoul and Taiku. From of our travel on the Seven Seas, be- Fusan we sailed to Shimonoseki, J a- sides many great gulfs and bays, and pan, and visited Kobe, Osaka, Kyoto, never had a bad storm during the Omi-Hachiman, Yokohama, T 0 k i 0 , whole journey. Generally we sailed Nikko and Nagasaki. From there, we over smooth waters and under clear sailed for Australia via Shanghai and skies. We traveled in all kinds and Hongkong, Manila and Davao in the sizes of boats, from the 21,OOO-ton Philippines; Menado in Dutch Cele- Empress of AustraHa, to small Chi- bes, and Thursday Island, Brisbane nese junks, sanpans in Siam, little and Sydney, Australia. From there, dugouts and outrigger canoes. Too we sailed to Samarai, Papua, to visit many of our 174 days on land were Kwato, Mr. Abel's mission station.

spent moving about in railway trains, After two wonderful weeks there, we good and bad, in bullock carts, tongas, returned to Australia by way of Port (pony carts), rickshas, sedan chairs Moresby, Cairns, Brisbane and Syd- and hammocks, on elephants and car- ney. On August 21 we left for home ried in men's arms. One day was spent by way of Auckland, New Zealand, in the air, traveling from Cairo to Fiji, and Honolulu. After six days Baghdad, a wonderful experience with in beautiful Hawaii, we sailed for San

Francisc.o, visited Los Angeles, the pan, and the disappointments experi- Grand Canyon, Wheaton, Illinois, enced by many missionaries. Mishawaka, Indiana, and Rochester, New York, arriving in New York on But these depressing c<mditions October 2 where we received a heart- acted n.ot to discourage, but to chalwarming welcome. lenge us, for what we saw and heard also showed that we have the remedy During our whole journey, experi- in our hands and that this remedy is encing many kinds of food, smells, being successfully applied in many temperature and insects, we were kept places and various ways. We were in wonderful health and were blessed thrilled and inspired by the misllionby many answers to prayer. We vis- aries whom we met who are true repited nearly one hundred mission cen- resentatives of Christ and who witness ters, and saw the work of over 40 to Him with courage, faith and unselsocieties. We were entertained in fish service. We were enheartened by seventy different missionary homes, what we saw of the results that follow made nearly one hundred addresses faithful and prayerful preaching of and received a most loving welcome the Gospel and living the Christ-life in everywhere. all those lands. Wernet many n.oble converts to Christ who are now going We have come back kopelessly in out as His evangelists and are helping debt-not on account of the fall .of to sow the good seed and to bring in stocks in the New York market or the harvest. We would be hopelessly other financial losses or expenditure. in debt if we had not this wealth of experience with which we are hoping We are in debt first to those who in some degree to make payments on helped to make this tour possible; account. second, to the loved ones in our families and the partners in THE MIS- Our journey around the world has, we hope, prepared us for better serv- SIONARY REVIEW office and on the ice at home. We have a clearer vision Boards wh.o carried on so effectively of the work and its needs, of the proband unselfishly during our absence. lems and the opportunities, of the We are also in debt to the host of character of our fell.ow servants in all friends who carried us in their hearts these lands, and of God's power t.o save and in their prayers and so were large- and to fit for service. It is our deepest ly responsible for many of the bless- conviction that Christ is THE ONLY ings that came to us. We are heavily HOPE for the solution of these probin debt to the missionaries who so gen- lems and for the rescue of these peoerously welcomed us into their homes ple from sin, suffering and turmoil. and hearts and made our visits worth We know that Christ is able to save while; we are more than ever in debt unto the uttermost for we have seen to God fur His protection, guidance the evidences of this power. We reand wonderful goodness to us all the joice in having partnership in this way. work with the missionaries and with Him. We would be ruined for life were it not that we also came back ricker than I know not by what methods rare, ever. The debts d.o not oppress but But this I know: God answers prayer. bless because of the rich experiences, I know not when He sends the word friendships and benefits that have That tells us fervent prayer is heard. I know it cometh, soon or late; filled our lives. Some of these experi- Theref()re we need to pray-and wait. ences were depressing because of the I know not if the blessing sought difficulties we saw, the ignorant or Will come in just the way I th.ought, bitter opposition to Christ and His I leave my prayers with Him alone, messengers; the blindness and hunger Whose will is wiser than my own.

and poverty, both physical and spiritual; the sin and suffering; the tur- moil, as in India and China, the materialism and indifference as in J a-

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN

EDITED BY FLORENCE G. TYLER, 419 Fourth Avenue, New York, and FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 East 22d Street, New York Executive Secretaries of the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions and Council of Women for Home Missions BOYS TOGETHER tains of southern California. Mr.

"How can we become more friendly Burnett wrote, "The camp trail wound with white people, and how can we around and around the high moun- make white people understand us tains, leaving the deserts and hot more 1" This searching question comes sands behind, and eventually coming from an American Indian school boy to large and tall pines, with flowing attending a large government board- mountain spring water. Needless to ing school. Government officia1,s, edu- say, our boy,s were at home in the cators and 'missionaries all agree that high mountains, among the rocks and the Indian people must more and more tall lonesome pines.

be brought into contact with white "Shortly after arrival, we had put people who are sympathetic with them, up our tepees, arranged pine bough in order that the Indians may become beds, our belongings were unpacked, accustomed to the ways of white peo- and we were ready to meet other ple and feel at ease and confident in scouts and to learn the rules of camp.

their ,society. Our boys had an ideal opportunity to At Sherman Institute, the large mingle in a natural, normal way with government boarding school located at other boys. We all ate at a common Riverside, California, the religious table, sat around camp fires together, work director, Rev. Floyd O. Burnett, and hiked over all the mountains.

has at the request 'of the school or- This experience gave the Indian boys ganized the first Boy Scout troups.* a most practical means of learning After several meetings he wrote, "We something of the ways and the ideals are all boys together. We make our of some of our fine white lads.

plans and carry them out together as "The entire Indian group worked pals. Several outstanding events in on their second-class tests and fifteen the year's work stand out. passed all requirements, recelvmg "On Saturday before Easter Sun- their official pins. It was a most im- day, the troop, along with others from pressive sight, to see this fine group Riverside, assisted in the Mt. Rubi- of Indian boys being admitted into doux Easter Sunrise Pilgrimage, and full membership of second-class scoutwere placed in charge of Trail No. 12, ing.

helping many of the aged people up "Before leaving the camp, the In- the narrow and winding pathway. It dian boys had achieved other suc- is said that twenty thousand people cesses. Every boy with the exception climbed the mountain to take part in of one, had earned the art of deep the Sunrise Service. The boys and I water swimming and diving. This feel it was a real joy to have had a was a real accomplishment for them.

part in this event." Over half of the group were admitted As a culmination of the year's work, into the camp secret fraternity, mem- twenty-one boys attended an eight bership in which is a special reward days' encampment during the summer. for good sportsmanship. They forgot The camp was situated in the moun- all bashfulness and joined in the stunt event evening, giving several very *.A. picture of these scouts is on the "Call clever stunts. Eighteen of our boys to Prayer to Young People" for the World Day of Prayer, February 20, 1931. won camp medallions for efficiency.

53

We were all mighty proud of this, as HOLLAND SENDS A GIFT were the superintendent and employees of the school. One of the most prominent and zealous promoter·s of the WorId Day "For my part, I was glad to have of Prayer during the past several my Indian boy·s realize that they could years has been the Baroness van Boetcompete with white boys in a friendly zelaer van Dubbledam, of Holland, a way and be successful, that they could vice-chairman of the International achieve successes even when difficul- Missionary Council. Last year she ties were great, and above all, I was translated the program and enlisted glad to see them enter whole-heartedly the Federation of Associations for into fine friendships with their white Women and Girls of Holland in the brothers. I believe the influences of promotion of the service. Meetings these camp days will mean more in were held all over Holland and more the lives of these Indian boys than we than 5,500 printed programs were can estimate at the present time." used.

A CALL TO PRAYER Following the Day of Prayer the secretary of this Federation, Mrs. Prepared by Baroness van Boetzelaer van Mary W. Barger, wrote a letter of ap- Dubbledam of "Sandwyck." de BUt, The Nether· preciation in behalf of the women and lands, girls in Holland and enclosed a finan- cial gift from the Holland Federation You are invited to join in prayer to the Federation and Council in the with Christians of all lands at the United States to assist in further prosunset hour each Sabbath,.and to join motion of the Day, and as she says, in a united service in your community "As a little sign that we are glad to on the have found this bond with your or- ganization. Many got a blessing out World Day of Prayer of these meetings. People like very milch this way of praying together." FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 20, 1931 "Call unto me, and I will answer thee." A Call to Prayer goes out to all lands. "Ye -shall be my witnesses." Continue steadfastly in prayer. "Whatsoever ye shall ask in my name, that will I do."* Subjeets for Prayer WORLD DAY OF PRAYER POSTER MAKE Us FAITHFUL In Our Prayer For ourselves. For our own family and people. For the needs of the world.

In Our Witness By our words. By our ways (mode of life). By our works for God's kingdom.

In Our Love For Him who bought us with His blood. For those with whom we are in daily contact. For all the work that is done among men in the name of Christ. Amen!

* This Call is also to be used at sunset each Sabbath nntil the 1982 observance.

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

We might add that women of many MISS KATHLEIlN BARONESS VAN nations are learning not only to pray MACARTHUR BOETZIILABR together, but also to understand and appreciate one another better and to twelve years a Missionary Consul in work together. In a recent letter the The Netherlands Indies, and the Bar- Baroness writes, "God has given oness is the mother of five children all America to the world to organize, to born in Java. She was a coopted memstimulate, to suggest and to inspire. ber of the Jerusalem Conference. That you may enrich and deepen your spiritual life with the treasures of Miss Jean Grigsby Paxton, A.B., European Christian thought is cer- author of the Service of Consecration, tainly true. The combination of both "Looking Unto Jesus," is a member trends is magnificent; therefore we of the staff, National Board, Young must work together wherever pos- Women's Christian Associations of sible." the United States, her chief responsi- bility being publicity and interpreta- -(MRS. S. S.) MARY R. HOUGH. tion of the work of the ninety-nine American Association secretaries in WORLD DAY OF PRAYER fourteen foreign countries. Born in Virginia,she secured her degree from The Authors Randolph-Macon Women's College. For three years she taught and was Miss Kathleen Walker MacArthur, principal in a southern girls' school, B.A., of the teaching staff, College of after which she was Y. W. C. A. stu- Churches of Christ in Canada and dent secretary at· Randolph-Macon for secretary to the College, is the author three years. of the program, "Ye Shall Be My Witnesses." Miss MacArthur's major Miss Paxton then went to Canton, responsibility is teaching New Testa- China, serving there four years as ment, Missions and Reli~ious Educa- foreign secretary, returning on action; she also does considerable_ field count of her health. Since 1921 she work throughout Canada in the inter- has been connected with the National est of extension courses in these sub- Board.* jects. During the summer she gives most of her time to teaching in de- The Artist nominational and cooperative camps for leaders and y'oung people. "I flee away just to be alone where I can think this 'World Day of Prayer' Miss MacArthur is a graduate of out. My effort will be to make good." the Japanese Language Training School in Tokyo, and for five years On a July day the editor of the was instructor in the Anglo-Oriental World Day of Prayer material re- Girls' High School in Tokyo. Before ceived this in a personal note from going to Japan she graduated from the artist to whom had, been given the the National Training School in To- commission to produce the poster. ronto-in Missions and Religious And so beside an Adirondack lake in Education, and after returning stud- the midst of the mighty forest, the ied at the University of Manitoba for work was wrought. four years, graduating in Arts. She came from there to her present posi- • A picture of Miss Paxton appeared in the tion in Toronto two years ago. November, 1929, RlIlVl.W.

Baroness van Boetzelaer, author of the Call to Prayer is a Vice-President of the International Missionary Council, of which her husband has been a member .from its beginning. He is a member of the Netherlands Parliament. Previous to 1919, he was for

Across Lake Pleasant is a summer Francisco, 10: 30 in the morning in camp of some six hundred religious Honolulu (all February 19). folk, and over the water at the beginning of each day floated hymns of If in Hawaii evening meetings are praise to God. To such accompani- held at 8: 30 P. M. on February 20, ment, amid such surroundings, the at that time February 21 will be just hand sketched, then chiseled the lino- starting in Chicago, it will be an hour leum blocks from which the poster was after midnight in Mexico City, 2: 30 A. M. in Porto Rico, an hour later in print~d. Rio de Janeiro, 4: 00 A. M. in Buenos Aires, time to get up in the Nether- Do you want a little line cut electro- lands, 8: 00 A. M. in South Africa, type of the poster design (1 x 114 mid-morning in Jerusalem, noon in inches) for your church bulletin or Calcutta, early afternoon in China, 4 to print on your letterhead? You may P. M. in Melbourne, 6 P. M. in New have one for 90 cents, or one 1% x 214 Zealand (all February 21). inches for $1.15, or 214 x 314 inches for $1.50. Write the Council of In order to calculate the actual num- Woman for Home Missions, 105 East ber of hours that transpire, let us take 22d Street, New York City, stating Toronto, Canada, the home of the size and sending money. author of the program. While the 6 : 00 A. M. meetings are being held Supplies in Japan on February 20, in Toronto it will be 3: 30 P. M., February 19; The supplies are the Program (2 and if the last meetings are in the cents, $1.75 per 100), Call (free), Call evening in Alaska and Honolulu, they to Young People (free), Service of will last until about 3: 30 A. M., Feb- Consecration (10 cents), poster (10 ruary 21, Toronto time, so the observcents), ,seals (25 cents per 100, $1.75 ance of the World Day of Prayer exper 1,000), Suggestions for Leaders tends over an entire day and a half, (free with order for Programs), Proj- pcssibly even more. ect Sheet (free), Visualizations (5 mimeographed copies for 20 cents), To know what hour it is in other History (single mimeographed copy land,s while meetings in the United free). Order early from denomina- States or Canada are in progress, taktional headquarters.-F. E. Q. ing 10: 30 A. M. in Denver, Colorado (1: 00 P.IVL in Nova Scotia), it will A DAY AND A HALF be 6: 00 A. M. in Samoa, 7: 00 in Hawaii, 8: 30 in Sitka, Alaska, noon Some de,sire to follow in thought in Havana, Cuba, between 12: 00 and the meetings held on the World Day 1: 00 in Peru and Colombia, 5: 00 of Prayer in different countries. The P. M. in Madrid, 5: 30 in Paris, 6: 00 following may help. in Rome, Berlin and Liberia, 7: 30 in Constantinople, Cairo, and Nyassa, in The date line being at the 180 0 Leningrad and Moscow, 8: 30 in meridian, possibly the sunrise meet- Tabriz, 10: 00 in Bombay, 10: 30 in ings in Japan and Korea start the ob- Ceylon, 1: 00 in Calcutta, after midservance of the World Day of Prayer, night in Bangkok and Singapore, beas Australia and New Zealand prob- tween 1: 00 and 2: 00 A. M. on Febably hold their meetings later in the ruary 21 in Peiping, Shanghai, and day. While some in Japan are meet- Manila, a little later in Seoul, 3: 00 ing at 6: 00 A. M. on Friday, Febru- A. M. in Tokyo, 3: 30 in Sydney and ary 10, 1981, it will still be February Papua, 5; 30 in New Zealand and New 19 in many places-ll: 00 P. M. in Hebrides. Uganda, 8: 30 P. M. in London, 3:30 P. M. in Santiago, Chile and New It will readily be seen what an in- York, noon in Vancouver and San teresting few minutes might be spent in your meeting visualizing each place

WOMAN'S ROME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

around the world, using a school globe, New York City Tournament. Since which many department stores carry then we have successively and successat a small price. fully had some six or seven other Negro girls and a couple ,of Jewish If you know how many hours differ- girls in the office for longer or shorter ence there is between your town and periods. The salary scale has been Halifax or Denver, you can do a bit according to position, training, exof arithmetic and from this list lo- perience and ability, race not entering cate the hour all around the world at into the matter at all. which your morning meeting is in session. For the afternoon meeting, just While we had tried out combining take the 3: 30 P. M. New York time different racea and religions, all had given above in the second paragraph been American, so next we essayed or 3: 30 P. M. Toronto in the third internationalism. We have had at paragraph and calculate from either. various times a Swedish, a Norwegian, Perhaps you will hang up a wall map a Russian, and two with Italian of the world, and as you travel a parentage, working happily with helper will place a cross on each coun- Anglo-Saxon and Negro-American try that observes the Day.* girls. Helene informed us of Russian ways, Solveig now writes to us from F. E. Q. Oslo. Was life not made more in- teresting for the rest because of the WHY NOT TRY IT? close contacts with those conversant with other customs and cultures? When I became secretary of the Council nearly a dozen year;!! ago, I Latest of all, we sallied forth into had some theories and standards I the Oriental group, and secured a wanted to try out. One was to have Japanese girl. A Chinese girl was her those of various races, nationalities succes,sor and since her marriage, a and religions work together in the Negro girl has filled that position. office. Many, without trying it, had Now we are cudgelling our brains for said it could not be done without fric- a new field for exploration. tion or uncomfortable situations. Our informal office devotional peri- Our first experience along this line ods and our "good times" togetherwas with a Jewish stenographer (not such as a birthday celebration or oc- Hebrew-Christian, but Jewish), who casional picnic-have been in no way served as my -secretary five years. disturbed by the international, inter- Ruth left five years ago to take a racial, inter-religious composition of more responsible position drawing a the office family, but rather enhanced. larger salary than we could offer; our The next generation comes to see us relationship now is that of close now; May married August and brings friends with mutual love. in little June once in a while-a white family; Jeanne married and little Ed- The next venture was to engage a ward, Jr., makes our acquaintance–a ~egro girl to have charge of litera- Negro family. ture sales. So then we had a representative of the Jewi,sh race and a As to efficiency, dependability, inirepresentative of the Negro race serv- tiative, resourcefulness – seemingly ing harmoniously with the Nordics. those of one race measure up as well This, too, worked perfectly until ill- as those of another, whether the poness in her family compelled Veola to sition filled be clerical or secretarial. go to another section of the country. This ten-year laboratory test indicates Incidentally, while with us, she came that characteristics and capability are out champion girl tennis player in the a matter of the individual person. Not every white girl-not every American * }""or 10 cents :you ('an buy a hox of 75 large -measurea up 100 per cent.

g'lUJllll4:'d rf'o. seals from which the crosses may Why not go on a voyage of disbe ('ut. Mimeographed Historv giving list of covery yourself, or get your husband forty-five countries from whic'h reports have been received will be sent free, 011 request, by the Federation or Council.

or brother to step off the beaten track by the British, and does it differ less to try it out in the office? Of course, than formerly? there should previously be careful consultation with those now working What is meant by the terms "free there, that the newcomers may not be ships, free goods"; "enemy ships, enemy made uncomfortable. How about head- goods"; "continuous voyage"; "contraquarters and the official positions, both band"; "conditional contraband"; "efsalaried and volunteer, in your de- fective blockade"? nomination – are they confined to white Americans? To what established principles of neutral rights did our Government con- Let's stop talking "goodwill and un- tend that the British should adhere in derstanding" unless we are willing to the World War? How did England modput them into operation in our own ify them? daily lives by opening the gates of opportunity. What use did England make of her sovereign right to -control her own ex- FLORENCE E. QUINLAN. ports to force on neutral nations a new interpretation of the principles of tne READING COURSE right of blockade?

Prepared by the National Committee on the What was our attitude when we be- Cause and Cure of War, Room 1116, Grand came one of the belligerents? Central Terminal Building, New York. What is the uncertain factor in the use of an economic blockade against an agressor nation on the part of the League of Nations? How could this weakness be remedied?

SECTION III· PLAN FOR ORGANIZED PEACE War for Profits, by Otto Lehmann- If war is honestly to be prevented, Russboldt (175 pp.). Published by there must be a right-about-face on Alfred H. King, 1930. $1.75. the part of the nations in their atti- Almost everybody is a loser in war. tude toward it; by some progressive agreement the manufacture and pur- The few exceptions are munition makers, chase of the munitions of war must some who profiteer on supplies other than be limited or stopped; while no po- munitions, and some military men who litical mechanism alone will insure gain reputation and promotion. This cooperation among the nations, there book gives a vivid picture of the gains must be some machinery of cooperaof the munition makers. tion if the will to CQoperate is to be A merican Neutrality and International made effective;. mutual counsel among the nations is the real hope for bring- Police, by Philip C. Jessup (170 pp.). ing about the disavowal of war by the Published by World Peace Founda- open avowal of its real causes and tion. $1.25. open discussion of them; there must Freedom of the Seas, by J. M. Ken- be some means of defining, recording, worthy and George Young (281 pp.). interpreting, and developing the law Published by Horace Liveright. $4.00. Maritime Trade in War, by Lord of nations.t Eustace Percy (114 pp.). Published by Yale University Press. $2.00. IMMANUEL The year's reading has been devoted to disarmament. In time of war conflict- o live in us this day, purpose yet again ing views have arisen on the question of o clothe Thyself, Thy freedom of the seas. Three books in In human clay. the above list are on that topic. Readers need not read all three, but are asked to Work, through our feebleness Thy choose one of them. "The Jessup is con- strength, densed, accurate, clear; the Kenworthy Work through our meaneS8 Thy nobility, is more discursive, has anecdotes, is Work through our helpless poverty of longer, but does not require the concen- soul tration which the Jessup does; the Thy grace, Thy glory and Thy love. Percy is a collection of addresses delivered at a Wmiamstown Institute of Poli- -J. S. Hoyland, The Fourfold Sacratics." ment.

QuestioDs t Dominant currents in the plan by Dr. Charles H. Levermore which Won The Amerl- Why has our interpretation of the cRn PeRce Award given by Edward W. Bok rights of neutrals differed from that heM in 1924.

• Section I appeared in the October REVIEW! Section II in December. The course for 1931 will be ready the latter part of January.

fOR WOR-ICE

EDITED BY MRS. F. I. JOHNSON, 150 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK President of the Federation of Woman's Boards for Foreign Missions PEACEMAKERS cast to promote certain ideas. I want A Most Usable Program to know the truth so that I may set my influence for those matters which By MRS. J. C. SHOVER and the Editor of will make this a better world for our this Department in Collaboration children.

Arrange three tables in U shape, the The Representative for Mars jumps closed part away from the audience, up and the Representative of the Nfb- and the sides spread so that the nine tional Council rises quickly.

characters may be seen and heard. Pec,ce: I believe the Representative Seated, three at each table beginning of Mars was first.

at the left, are the representatives of Mans' Representative (Suavely) : the Church, Other Peace Associations What I want to say at this time is in in America, The National Council for answer to Average Citizen. Men al- Prevention of War, Average Citizen, ways have fought; and as long as Peace, Public Opinion, The League of there is human nature in the world, Nations, The WorW Court and Mars. men will continue to settle their quar- These may wear Grecian draped cos- rels by fighting.

tumes in colors with headbands and Peace: National Council, give us sashes bearing their names; but this your message.

is not necessary. Each stands while National Council: I am glad to rep- she speaks. The front of the table resent the National Council for Pre- may be hung with bunting or crepe vention of War. I came from Wash- paper. Drape flags on the wall in the ington to be at this conference. It is background. the task of my organization to educate Peace: We have assembled to learn the public to the truth about war. We what is being done to establish peace are a clearing house of peace aetivi- in a war-ridden world. As your chair- ties with three planks in our platform: man, I represent the spirit that longs Progressive World Organization, for peace in the hearts of people every- Worldwide Reduction of Armaments where. I shall ask each member in by International Agreement, and turn to introduce herself. (Turns to Worldwide Education for Peace. Our Average Citizen and motions for her goal is to strengthen a great World to rise.) Court and League of Nations which Average Citizen: My name is Av- shall be supported by world opinion erage Citizen. I represent the men and by the teachings of goodwill and and women of the world. I have come international understanding in the to inquire what is being done to bring schools of the world, and, by succes- about the time when we shall be free sive disarmament conferences, to re- from the fear of war. duce the armies of the world to police Peace: On all great matters of forces.

state, enlightened Public Opinion Peace: May we hear from the wields a mighty influence. Public League of Nations at this time.

Opinion, will you speak? Lec,gue: The League of Nations Public Opinion: Today we read and came into legal existence in January, hear so much that is purposely broad- 1920, with a membership of twenty- 59

four states. Its members now number ing to the Court agree to accept the thirty-four. The principal nations not Court's judgments. DUring its ;first in the League are Mexico, Brazil, seven years it rendered sixteen judg- Turkey, Soviet Russia, and the United ments.

States. Its headquarters are in Geneva, 2. By rendering advisory opinions where the work it accomplishes re- on such legal questions as may be sub- quires a staff of about seventy-five mitted by the League of Nations. The men and women in the central offices, "opinions" are strictly opinions. They and about four hundred more in the have no authority. But they are very offices dealing with International La- valuable in helping to decide compli- bor questions. cated questions. The Court has thus The purposes, clearly stated in the far rendered sixteen advisory opin- covenant, are "to promote internation- ions. Any nation may submit a case al cooperation and to achieve interna- whether it belongs to the Court or tional peace and security." The not.t nations which are members promise Avel'age Citizen: Does the United each other among other things "not States .of America have a judge in the to resort to war"; "to maintain justice World Court?

and a scrupulous respect for all treaty WOl1ld Court: Yes, former Secreobligations"; to reduce "national arm- tary of State, Mr. Kellogg was apaments to the lowest point consistent pointed September, 1930. Before him, with national 'safety"; to submit any the Honorable Charles Evans Hughes threatened dispute "either to arbitra- was the judge from our United States. tion or to judicial settlement or' to Peace: Thank you. May we now inquiry by the Council"; to carry out hear from Other Peace Associations in good faith "any award or decision" in America. and "not to resort to war against a member of the League which complies Other Peace Associations: Perhaps you will be surprised to learn how therewith," * many other agencies I represent. There are forty-two besides our Average Citizen: I have heard that friends here. (Ge.sture includes oththe League studies public health, in- ers.) You will agree that the list is dustrial problems, international trade too long to read, but anyone may seproblems, and similar matters as well cure names of these and other agencies as disputes between nations. with addresses and names of officers by writing to the National Council for League: To learn mare of my work Prevention of War, Washington, D. C. write to The League of Nations Asso- (Starts to sit down and jumps up ciation, National Headquarters, 6 again.) I would not have you think East 39th Street, New York City. that these forty-two are all the or- Pecwe: It seems fitting that we should now hear from the Representa- tive of the World Qourt. (Turn and ganizations for peace. These are nabows to World Court.) World Court: The first World Court tional societies, remember. State and local organizations formed primarily of justice came into existence soon to promote peace are forty-five in after the League of Nations. Its pur- number. (Sits down and jumps up pose is to serve the nations of the ' again.) I really must add to these world in two ways: eighty-seven the thirteen organiza- 1. By rendering judgments under tions that have Peace Committees.

the principles of International Law on Then you must add thirty-eight or- such contr.oversies as may be sub- ganizations engaged in activities that mitted for legal settlement by the na- promote international goodwill and tions concerned. The nations appeal- world peace. Churches are in this group but are listed as only one of 'Sidney Gulick. Leallet III. ~'ederal Coun- tSidney Gulick, Leaflet VII. cil of Churches. 105 East 22d Street. New York City.

METHODS FOR WORKERS

the thirty-eight. That puts the num- into all that concerns our lives. (Faces ber at one hundred and thirty-eight. the aUdience.) I have the pleasure of Representative of Mars (Interrupt- representing the Jewish, the Protes- ing cynically): And are there any tant and the Catholic faiths. If Other more? Agencies for Peace had the time to O. P. A.: Yes, indeed. There are name the religious organizations she eighteen foreign societies in the Unit- represents there would be the Catholic ed States designated to increase Association for International Peace, knowledge of other countries and to The Federal Council of Churches of develop friendly international rela- Christ in America, and the United tions. That makes one hundred fifty- Synagogue of America among them.

six. Many people said the Church had Public Opinion: Where does the failed when the Chri,stian nations Federation of Woman's Boards of went into the World War. That very Foreign Missions of North America criticism stirred the Church to re- come in? newed activity for peace. Since 1918 O. P. A.: That is listed in a group my voice has been strong in protesting having eleven such organizations rep- against greater armaments, larger resented. This group supports the navies, compulsory military training, peace movement by affiliation and co- and has pled for reduction of armies operation with Peace organizations. and navies, peace pacts with other A verage Citizen: I am not much of countries, and for international undera mathematician, but it looks to me 81'! standing and goodwill.

though there were here in the United Representative of Mars (jumping States one hundred sixty-seven simi- up): Evidently you are forgetting lar organizations. I am glad you told that we are never safe against the at- us where to get the list in detail. I tack of -other powers unless we are must write it down-National Council equally armed. It is our duty to de- for Prevention of War, Washington, fend ourselves. I represent the armies D. C. Now, I should like to hear what and navies of the world, and we have the church is doing about this subject. a hard enough time to get the money (Peace nods to Church, who arises.) to carry on. We often have to fright- Church: I am glad to represent the en the people into giving the money, Church. Through its schools, its but give they must. They must make young people's groups, its Sunday- these expenditures in time of peace in schools, it Religious Education courses, order to be ready for war.

its Boy Scouts and Camp Fire Girls, Average Citizen: Who will tell me its denominational foundations in what the costs of war are? state-supported institutions, it is helping to mold the minds of many mil- Representative of Mars: Now you are beside the main question. lions around the globe.* Church (Ignoring the interrup- We try to train our membership to tion): I have come prepared to do be world citizens. that. (Rises and holds up a large round disc representing a dollar. It Representative of Mars: The should be covered with silver paper Church should keep out of politics. and prepared so that with a large knife she can cut out a sector a little Church: So long as we believe in more than two-thirds of the disc to the Fatherhood of God and the Broth- show the amount spent for destructive erhood of man, we must take an active purposes.) President Hoover gave to interest in all that affects the wellbeing of our brothers and sisters. As long as politics affects government and the country on December 5, 1929, a government rules our lives, we must simplified budget for the fiscal year, do our part to put the spirit of love 1930. According to this statement the *Evelyn Riley Nicholson in "Thinking It taxpayer's dollar is divided thus: Through," page 132. (Cuts and holds up the large sector.)

National defense-17.5 cents, to vet- abolish war. However, the pacts that erans of former wars–19.1 cents, for you have heard most about are the the public debt-32 cents, and (laying results of three recent conferences; down the large and holding the smaller In 1922 there was an agreement repiece) 31.4 cents for ordinary civil garding capital ships signed at the functions. In other words, 68.6 cents Washington Conference on the Lim- go for past and future wars and only itation of Armament. 31.4 cents go for police protection, The Kellogg Pact is a general pact better roads, mother's pensions, farm for the renunciation of war. In Eu- relief and all other peace-time affairs rope it is called the Pact of Paris beof government. cause it was signed at Paris in In "Direct and Indirect Costs of the August, 1928, by 15 nations. Since World War" published by the Car- then, 62 nations have signed. All that negie Endowment for International the Pact asks is that the disputes be- Peace, Prof. Bogart says, "If we had tween nations will not lead to war. paid twenty thousand dollars an hour Another Pact called the Four Pow- from the birth of Christ until the end er Pact of the Pacific pledged Great of 1925, the World War would not be Britain, Japan, France and the United paid for …… We hurned up nine mil- States to bring serious disputes in the lion dollars an hour." Pacific region to a joint conference. One battleship costs forty million The Five Power Naval Conference dollars. That is enough money to in London in 1930 resulted in an open build a great university like the Uni- discussion by the countries, of their versity of Pennsylvania. The cost of navies, and, while there is some dis- firing a big gun just once, would pay appointment that there was not more the salary of a university professor accomplished, the date was set for an- for a whole year. other conference in 1935 for further National Council: Yes, more than efforts to reduce the expenditures for that. The sons of millions of mothers destructive purposes.

became gun fodder. They do the kill- Public Opinion: Have you, Oh ing and are killed. The nation loses Church, any plans for furthering this its strongest manhood. It has been good work?

well said that the first casualty of war Church: Yes, indeed. We work in is Truth, the next Love, then follows cooperation with all these othel' neces- Liberty and Justice. From every sary agencies. Here are a few things standpoint the people pay for war. that we as groups or individuals can Average Citizen: Public Opinion, do.

you are so powerful. Will you not (Counting them as mentioned on throw the weight of your influence on her fingers.) 1. We give special the side of World Peace? luncheons or dinners to distinguished Public Opinion: I want to do it, but strangers from other lands from am dependent upon you, Average Citi- whom messages of information and zen. You must gather facts, such as inspiration can be received. 2. We we have learned here, so that I may arrange pageants or musicales to cul- know what to think and say. Do you tivate international appreciation. 8.

realize that the histories which chil- We hold prize essay contests on the dren ,study in school largely determine subject of peace. 4. Hold suitable the way they think of people of other Armistice day services. 5. Put books nations? (Others nod assent.) on peace in the hands of young people.

Average Citizen: I have heard 6. Have lectures on international af- about some Peace Pacts of late. I fairs. 7. Ask librarians to recommend should like to know more about them. books on war and peace. 8. Help the Church: May I answer! I have had people in our parishes to know about much to do with urging their accept- all the organizations that are repre- ance by our government. We can go sented here. 9. Recommend to church far back in history and find efforts to people plays and films particularly

fitted to the cultivation of peace ideals that he was trying hard not to cry.

and purposes, urging attendance and "He's worse," he gulped. "Se burning support. 10. Urge and encourage our hot and he sleeps all the time. Mother representatives to vote for measurea can scarcely waken him, and then he that insure fair play, and for partici- only moans and we can't make him pation in movements that provide Ilwallow anything, theugh the herb means f.or peaceful settlements of dis- doctor left some bitter tea for him.

putes. And we've thrown an egg over the Public Opinion: It gives us courage roof, and killed a rooster."

to know that all these agencies are "Has Grandfather Nay used the working to outlaw destructive activi- needles yet? That let's out the fire, ties and to make the taxpayer's dollar they say."

count for better conditions. "He is coming tomorrow morning.

Average Citizen: An American Hai, that will be terrible." Ang-duang friend of mine fell into conversation could not keep back his tears, even with an old mother in Germany. The though he was a boy and not supposed old lady shook her head and repeated to cry. "He used the needles on me over and over again, "We must have once, and I had festering sores for no more war. We mUllt have no more months after. It gives me a chill to war." think of those needles that Nay Grand- Peace: In the words of General father never washes going into Ah- O'Ryan, "War cannot be successfully mee l but the priest says the idol com- abolished except through the cemplete mands needles."

mebilization of all peace powers fer Grandmother Clong nodded her old peace purpeses . . . . . . Let us wage head. "It makes me feel just that way, peace." (All except Mars rise and too, though they de say that they face Peace.) know where to put the needles se it All: We pledge yeu our support. will not puncture yeur vital parts.

But as I teld my daughter-in-law THE STRAW-BABY, MIDNIGHT, when she wanted to have the needles AND A CROSSROAD stuck into me, how did I or they know A Playlet my vital parts are located exactly like By MARY BREWSTER HOLLISTER everybody else's. "Ai l that bean-curd there reminds Part I me 'Of a sure cure fer a sick child- Ang-duang was coming down the why didn't I think of it before? I Chinese village street frem the bean- tried this once when my eldest son curd shep. The werried little pucker was a baby and a sick one he was too."

en his face was net all from trying to The 'Old woman closed her eyes, and keep the soft white square of bean- half chanted the age-old superstitious curd balanced on a section 'Of banana fermula. "Weave a little straw-doll, leaf. He almost ran into old Grandma tie it with five-oolor threads, stick a Cleng just as he got to his own door- flag inte it with the name of the evil step. spirit inside the straw. Take it with "Hai! and have you no eyes to see an egg, a square of bean-curd, and a who yeu're knecking down in your cup of wine, and carry it at midnight walks abroad," she scolded, and then to where two roads cross, and leave as she recevered, her dim kindly old it there."

eyes peered at him. "Ang-duang, Lit- "And then what happens 7" Ang- tle Brether, it's you, is it? And no duang was breathless from the wonder your face has not its every- thought 'Of a lonely crossroad at the day happy look! You have troubles fearsome hour of midnight.

indeed at your house. How i,g the "The evil spirit will leave the sick baby brother?" child, and be lured to that tempting Ang-duang choked and Iooked the array of things to eat, and it being a other way so that nobody could see crossroads and dark, the Unnameable

Thing will lose its way, and be unable Behind him he heard a faint sound! to return to the house where its evil "I will not look back," he told himpresence has brought illness." The self stoutly. "I will go right on. If old woman looked about fearfully lest I can just go fast enough to keep the mere whispered mention of the ahead!" Unnameable might bring her bad luck. As he hastened his pace, he dis- "I must be hurrying on," and she tinctly heard the steps behind him hobbled away, while Ang-duang stood also hasten their pace. a moment thinking very hard about "The Unnameable Thing," he what she had told him. groaned, as his blood ran cold, and his knees went weak. He too shivered from the fear that To add to his terror his lantern mention of that most dreaded of evil flickered out. He stumbled over a spirits arouses in Chinese hearts. loosened stone in the road and went "The Evil Thing must be horrible in- down, his basket and its contents scatdeed to make mother take us in be- tering. Even before he could collect fore dark every night and lock the himself enough to rise he heard the doors. But if-but if it would make steps running now toward him. In Ah-mee well, nothing would be too his fright he could not move. Nearer hard. Even midnight at a crossroad and nearer the footsteps came! The three li from home–even if-even if Awful Thing was almost on him! the Unnameable One should get me." He covered his head with his arms He looked down the street anxiously and screamed! before he turned and went hurriedly "Little Brother," he heard a kind inside the door and across the court- voice say. "Do not be frightened. It yard and tip-toed into the dark tightly is only another country person. I'm closed room where his sick baby broth- on my way back from the next village er lay, with his mother leaning her where they called me to doctor a poor agonized face above him. sick woman. I'm not at all dreadful." The voice was so comforting and Part II reassuring that Ang-duang's face ven- tured forth from its hiding, and It was several hours later in the peered up at a strange white face in black of a very dark night that the the light of a bright kerosene lantern. front door creaked on its hinges and The face was a kind and smiling one opened a crack to let Ang-duang slip that brought back quiet and confidence through it out upon the street. into the boy's shaken senses. "So you're not the Unnameable "Ai," he held his breath, "I hope Thing, after all," he heaved a long mother did not hear that squeak." sigh of relief. The other-country per,son put back He put down on the step his tray- his head and laughed. "I should hope like basket that held a tiny straw fig- not. And if you have been at all ure, the egg, the bean-curd and cup nervous, as I take it you were"-Angof rice wine, as he lighted the little duang had recovered enough to give round paper lantern he was carrying. an answering grin to this as the mis- He lifted it high and peered fearfully sionary doctor helped him to his feet down the street. -"it's a good thing you have me for company this dark night. Where are "Not that it's in front of me I need you going?" to be afraid of," he shivered. "The Unmentionable Thing will be follow- "To where the little road crosses ing me from behind, following these the big road," Ang-duang answered, things here to eat, all the way until and then remembered the mishap to I get to where the little road crosses his belongings. "Where is that straw- baby? And oh, that egg will surely the big road. Hai, I wish it were not be smashed, and all the other things I" three li nor quite as black as ink." Ang-duang had a moment of shrinking before he started out, and then he clung close to the high wall along the street.

prQve. 'What is needed, hQwever

that CQurteQus endQrsement be changed First Decade of The Le_ue of Nations intQ enthusiastic cQoperatiQn.

REGARDLESS .of the attitude .of And this shQuld be .of special CQncern individual Americans tQward tQ the friends .of the missiQnary enter- American membership in the League, prise. Peace, justice, health, sanitaa visit tQ Geneva satisfies .one that the tiQn, unexplQitatiQn, race harmQny, League is an accQmplished fact, a hQnest labQr under prQper cQnditiQns, serviceful, efficiently functiQning Qr- prQtectiQn .of weak and submerged peQganizatiQn, and an internatiQnal re- pies, mQrality-what are all these ality .of far-reaching influence and but .objectives bQth of the League .of value. This is especially evident nQW NatiQns and .of Christian missiQns. SQ that the League has cQmpleted its first Christianity fQr tWQ thQusand years decade. FQr the first time in histQry has been laying fQundatiQns .on which the WQrld has an annual assembly .of the League .of NatiQns is building 54 states, and a permanent interna- as a superstructure the PQlitical and tiQnal civil service .of nearly 500 per- eCQnQmic brQtherhood .of mankind.- SQns whQ wQrk cQnstantly .on the busi- William B. Lipphard, in Missions. ness .of the natiQns. Unreached Rural Areas of the World It becQmes increasingly evident that the League is a permanent and essen- THE missiQn study subject fQr 1931tial factQr in internatiQnal life. Were 32 is tQ be "The Unreached Rural it suddenly tQ disband the world would take an irretrievable step backward. Areas .of the WQrld." The interde- As Elihu RQQt said a few mQnths agQ: nQminatiQnal bQQks will develop the "FQr these ten years the League in study along topical rather than geothe PQlitical field and the CQurt in the graphical lines. In the wQman's bQQk, judicial field have been rendering the attentiQn is being centered .on the best service in the cause .of peace wQrk .of WQmen in rural areas, their known tQ the histQry .of civilization; homes, the questiQn .of health, rural incQmparably the best." educatiQn, and industry. Several Mis- If the League .of NatiQns is to suc- siQn Boards, plan the preparatiQn .of ceed and if real and lasting WQrld denQminational literature .on the subpeace is tQ be maintained, this inter- ject. It is suggested that the infQrnational QrganizatiQn and its high Qb- matiQn sent by missiQnarie,s be based jectives must have the enthusiastic .on: SCQpe .of the field; HQme life; support .of public QpiniQn. The League Health and sanitatiQn; Industries; is the wQrld's greatest adventure in EducatiQn; Evangelistic methQds; internatiQnal demQcracy. Whether .or Strength .of the Christian Church; nQt the United States ever jQins the The unreached field. This infQrma- League, Americans cannQt stand alQof tiQn shQuld nQt be encyclopedic in f!lQm the League and its wQrk. Cer- style. SQme will be able tQ put that tainly there is n.osingle achievement tQuch .of human interest and charm .of .of the League which an American can- style which will produce a readable, not CQmmend; nQ single .objective clear and understandable picture .of which he cannQt endQrse, nQ single the wQrk, the needs and the QPportuactivity which he cannQt heartily ap- nities.

5 M

Medical Work Sunday, January 4, 1931-World CHRISTIANITY'S healing record is Evangelism. without a rival in the world. Monday, January 5, 1931-Thanks- Protestant missions are estimated to giving and Confession. Tuesday, January 6, 1931-The own and control 858 hospitals with 31,- Church Universal. 264 beds. In these 389,712 patients receive medical attention, out of which Wednesday, January 7, 1931-In- 198,844 were operative cases. There ternational Cooperation. are 1,686 dispensaries in which last year 10,441,539 consultations were Thursday, January 8, 1931-Misheld, while there were also 137,152 sions and Missionaries. house visits. There are now 513 native male doctors and 99 female doctors Friday, January 9, 1931-Family, in the various fields, together with School, and University Life.

Saturday, January 10, 1931-Home Missions, and The Jews.

2,597 male assistants and 2,861 fe- Programs may be obtained from the male, besides 1,085 trained nurses. For Federal Council of Churches, 105 every 25 mission workers there is now East 22d Street, New York, or from one medical missionary. The World's Evangelical Alliance, 19 Russell Square, London, W. C. I., Eng- Week of Prayer land.

THE World's Evangelical Alliance NORTH AMERICA has issued an invitation for the 1931 Universal Week of Prayer (or- Presbyterian Union Voted on Novemganized by the Alliance since 1846). This continues from Sunday, January ber Twelfth 4th, to Sunday, January 11, 1931. Christian leaders and workers every- OFFICIAL representatives of five where are urged to Make Arrange- Presbyterian and Reformed bodments to bring Christians together for ies comprising 3,000,000 communicant United Prayer daily. Preachers are members met in Pittsburgh and voted asked to prepare special sermons for for organic union in one united January 4th on the texts suggested for Church. This union is to be based this purpose. They are also earnestly upon the following standards: Westrequested to urge their people to at- minster Confession of Faith, longer tend the local Meetings of this united and shorter catechisms, doctrinal Universal Week of Prayer. statement of the United Presbyterian Church, Heidelberg catechism, Canon In Foreign Fields, the growth of the of the Synod of Dort and the Belgis population far out-distances the in- confession. The denominations concrease of the Christian Church. In cerned are: The Presbyterian Church country after country, "from the ris- in the United States of America, Presing of the sun unto the going down byterian Church in the United States thereof," despite what has been ac- (Southern), Un i ted Presbyterian ccimpJi.shed in the preaching of the Church in North America, Reformed Gospel, comparatively little is known Church in America and Reformed of the significance of the Cross of Church in the United States.

Christ. The seventy delegates adopted the Let us endeavor to visualize some- following report: thing of the condition of more than We declare the union of the Re- half of the world's population! The formed churches holding the Presby~ unfini,shed task is tremendous. May terian system to be based on the teach- the burden of it be such as to bring ings of the Holy Scriptures as set us to our knees with a· c-oncern com- forth in those portions of their stand- mensurate with the need. ards which define the spirituality of The main topics suggested are as the Church . . .

f-ollows: The C'ommiUee on church polity

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

defines the governmental organization preservation ,of existing neighborof the Church: hoods by more careful zoning and by a consideration of community require- The Lord Jesus Christ is the su- ments in location of elementary preme and sole Head of the Church. ,schools, small parks and major streets and extension of the number of The Word of God is the ultimate planned residential districts through source and authority in Church gov- "the pressure of public opinion and ernment. the growth of enabling legislation."

The Church's nature, relation and How to Close the Jails function are spiritual and spiritual only. OF 4,000 boys who passed before a New York judge on their way to Witnessing for Christ is the con- jail, reformatory, or parole, only three tinuous business of the Church. had belonged to a Sunday-school. This is cited as powerful testimony for re- The evangelization and Christian- ligious training of the young. ization of the world is the aim of the Church. In a letter to Dr. George William Carter, general secretary of the New We accept and practice the Presby- York Bible Society, reprinted in The terian sy,stem as the method or form Christian Observer (Presbyterian), of church organization and govern- Judge Lewis L. Fawcett, of the State ment, believing it to be in harmony Supreme Court, gives his experience with the Scriptures. In creating a of twenty-three years on the bench: book of government for the united church we recommend that congrega- "My experience during twenty-three tions holding the consistorial form of years on the bench, in which time over organization (as in the Reformed 4,000 boys under the age of twenty- Church) shall have the right to retain one years were convicted of crime betheir present form of organization. fore me, of whom but three were members of a Sabbath-school, has sat- The conference voted to refer points isfied me of the value of Sabbathat issue to a special committee consist- ,schools to the community, in helping ing of the chairman of the separate safeguard it, to the extent to which denominational commissions to per- Sabbath-schools exist, from the growth fect and complete a harmonized report of criminals. to be submitted to the higher judicatories of the five denominations in- "In 1,902 cases of suspended crimvolved. This final report will probably inal sentences, in each of which a not be ready for several months. minister, priest, or rabbi became in- terested at my request, only sixty-two America's Crime Bill of the boys were brought back for sentence." EVERY criminal in the United States costs as much "as the wel- Shall we support our churches and fare influence in the lives of 160 nor- Sunday-schools and close our jails or mal boys." shall we allow our churches and Sun- day-schools to die and fill our jails This c,onclusion was reached by a with criminals? Youth Committee, preparing for a Child Welfare Conference, in Wash- Church Contributions in Canada ington. The annual crime bill is in excess of $16,000,000,000; annual THE business depression has been child welfare costs $5,000,000,000, the keenly felt in the United Church number of criminals at less than 1,- of Canada, yet the contributions for 000,000, and child welfare affects 50,- missionary work have been proportion- 000,000 youths. ately greater than in the previous year. In the five year period the people have City planning commission laws, like those of New York and New Jersey, to make the environment fit the child, were urged. The committee urged

given 16 per cent more than they were Macoris, Barahona and other commugiving in the period before union and nities there are organized churches. they have opened 600 new fields of In Santo Domingo there is a hospital, ministry. An additional 4 per cent in a small book shop and a Bible House contributions would yield a balanced of the Antilles agency. In the northbudget. A complete unified scheme of ern part, a number of missionaries of pensions and provision for minister's the Free Methodist Church are workwidows and orphans is now in success- ing with success. Everyone of these ful operation. Two of the colleges have centers of Christian work deserves during the past year added $2,000,000 mention. Everyone who visits our country is interested by some circumto their resources and $14,000,000 has stance in its spiritual development and leaves it hopeful of the beautiful fubeen expended in new church build- ture which is expected from the seed ings.-Ckristian Century. of the Gospel. The first eifort, we should say the first harvest, is already LATIN AMERICA giving most abundant fruits of bene- diction to the souls formerly lost and First Caribbean Seminar the hearts formerly in tribulation. The knowledge of the pure Gospel of AVENTURE, of high significance Christ has been the beginning of a and importance in international happy era for the Dominican Republic. relations, is being realized this coming That is our belief. February. The Committee on Cultural Relations With Latin America an- The political and economic condinounces the first annual session of the tions of the country tend to a proseminar in the Caribbean. Members gres,sive stability which will contribwill sail from New York February 14, ute no doubt to the people's peace of 1931, and will visit Puerto Rico, Santo mind.-Heraldo Cristiano. Domingo, Canal Zone, Jamaica, Haiti, and Cuba. They will return on March Bible Distribution in Latin Ameriea 4. The lecturers and leader.s of round table discussions are Dr. Ernest by Coaches Gruening, Dr. E . .C. Lindeman, Dr. Leland Jenks, Dr. Samuel Guy Inman, T HE Rev. Paul Penzotti, secretary Charles Thomson and Carleton Beals. of La Plata Agency of the Ameri- Distinguished Latin Americans, as can Bible Society, gives a most inter- Dr. Fernando Ortiz of Cuba and Dr. esting story of the work carried on by Moises Saenz of Mexico are expected the fifteen colporteur,s, three subto participate in some of the sessions. agents and the agent. The La Plata Seminar programs are being arranged Agency, which covers the countries of at the ports of call. There will be cOn- Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, and ferences with the local leaders and Chile, has a constituency of 16,000,000 visits to educational institutions, so- in the territory. During 1929 this· cial agencies, etc. Over 400 men and group of workers distribut~d 177,222 women have participated in the sem- volumes of the Scripture. Of this inar sessions in Mexico since 1926. number 12,474 Bibles, 18,028 Testa- For further information address Hu- ments and 126,640 portions were sold bert C. Herring; 112 East Nineteenth and 80 Bibles and 20,000 Gospels were Street, New York. donated. To do this 71,300 miles were traveled. Bible coaches have helped Protestants in San Domingo greatly in this distribution.

I N THE southern part of Santo Do- Mr. Penzotti spent several weeks in . mingo the Evangelical Church has Uruguay last year, traveling in the a 'promising field of action and is sus- "F. G. Penzotti" Bible Coach. He tained by the help of four denomina- visited the Waldensian colonies and tions, Presbyterians, Methodists, found them much interested in the Northern Baptists and United Breth- circulation of the Scriptures and of ren. In Santo Domingo, San Pedro de

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

great a,ssistance in the work. The istered nurse from Chicago. Mrs. "best Bible Ooach in Uruguay" has Tylee was injured but is recovering. recently been purchased at a cost of $2,000 by the Mennonites. A number The Rev. and Mrs. Tylee sailed for of other missions have their own Juruena, where the attack occurred, coaches and by them the colporteurs for the second time in May, 1929. have been enabled to vIsit far-away Mrs. Tylee delivered a lecture on the places where heretofore it has been Nhambiquara Indians at the Moody impossible to reach. Bible Institute in Chicago and de- scribed them as "savage murderers." Methodbt Church of Brazil "We went to Juruena," ,she said, "led of God to reach a tribe of Indians, the THE first public statement of the Nhambiquaras, numbering fr,om ten newly organized Methodist Church t'o thirty thousand. A few months beof Brazil was made September 5, as fore, six members of the force at the follows: telegraph station had gone to an In- dian village in search of food. They First: That the Methodist Church of camped overnight and were murdered Brazil maintain an intense and vigorous by the Indians as they slept." campaign against all evils in order that the physicial, moral and intellectual EUROPE health of society may be protected. The Augsberg Confession and Foreign Second: That the Annual Conferences provide for the appointment of commit- Missions tees on temperance and social service in order that the campaign against alco- DURING the Four Hundredth Anholism, use of tobacco, profligacy, bad niversary celebrations attending living conditions, housing and hours of the commemoration of the Augsburg labor of the working classes, especially Confession in the city of its delivery, women and children working in shops a great historical pageant was held in and factories, be organized, planned and the streets of Augsburg on June 22. carried out. During its course the work of Prot- estant missions was made prominent Third: That the Methodist Church of in two places. The pageant was artis- Brazil, through the proper means, co- tically executed and reviewed the hisoperate with the public authorities and tory of Protestantism in Germany, beprivate organizations such as the League ginning with Luther's entrance into of Mental Hygiene, the Brazilian Tem- Augsburg for his defense against Caperance Union, the World League Against jetan in 1518 to present times. Alcoholism, in their efforts to stamp out the evils which 'affect our people. The first representation dealt with scenes from the life 'of Samuel Urls- Fourth: That the Methodist Church berger, the friend of August Herman of Brazil subscribe to the social creed Francke and the Father of the founder adopted by the Federal Council of of the German Christentumsgesell- Churches in America and that it can be schaft. The things for which he was printed in our new Discipline. celebrated in the pageant were his care of the orphans and his relief of Missionaries Murdered in Brazil the exiled Salzburgers that resulted in the establishment of Ebenezer Colony T WO American missionaries and the in Georgia. infant daughter of one of them were killed in an attack on an isolated The second motive in the pageant station near Juruena in the wilds of was to present the spread of the Augs- Brazil according to an As,sociated burg Confession in all the world. A Press dispatch to Alfred H. Vroom, gigantic globe, on which the countries treasurer of the Inland South Ameri- were marked in which there were Lucan Missionary Union. theran churches, was attended by marchers in the costumes of the sev- Probably the attack was perpetrated by Indians who are savages in that part of Brazil.

The missionaries killed are: Arthur S. Tylee, formerly of Worcester, Mass.; his two-year-old daughter and Miss Ethel Kratz, 26 years old, a reg-

era} countries and carrying the flags Christian staff. Rather than have 'Of the natiDns which they represented. larger SCh'ODls with several nDn-Chris- tian teachers, the size 'Of the schoDls French Protestant Missions shDuld be reduced. MissiDn activities which trade fDr prDfit may have seri- AT THE CDntinental MissiDnary 'Ous drawbacks and the L. M. S. has refused tD undertake respDnsibility 1"1 Conference recently, Direct'Or f'Or such w'Ork.

C'Ouve repDrted 'On the missiDnary It is admitted that prDbably tDD WDrk 'Of the French Pr'Otestant s'Ociety, many missi'Onaries live in urban areas, the Paris Missi'On. It has nine f'Or- since 80% 'Of the pe'Ople 'Of the East eign fields in Africa and the S'Outh live in villages. In China m'Ore than Seas manned by 260 missi'Onaries, 'One- 50% 'Of the SDciety's wDrkers live in third 'Of whDm are Swiss and Italians. f'Our great cities. In areas where Of the 'One milli'On French Pr'Otestants there ha.s been little respDnse, it may 100,000 supp'Ort the w'Ork 'Of missions be better tD cDncentrate effDrts where with an average annual contributi'On there is a shDrtage 'Of staff. Every 'Of abDut $16. There is ''One missi'Onary eff'Ort ShDUld be made tD see that the t'O every ten past'Ors in France. Great Christian church is nDt regarded as a demands are made in the educati'Onal foreign institutiDn. Everything shDuld • w'Ork at present. The natives are be done to encourage indigenous eager f'Or educatiDn and, 'On acc'Ount 'Of churches and self-suppDrt. Roman Cath'Olic and secular cDmpeti- tion, it is imperative that the quality "The BDard sh'Ould emphasize the of the sch'Ools be imprDved. In the impDrtance 'Of cheapness and simplicity CameroDns and in Madagascar the in the building 'Of missiDn institu- propaganda 'Of the Bolshevists has be- ti'Ons. Native church members feel CDme a menace. AnDther impDrtant mDre at hDme in simple buildings. WDrk is that 'Of cDunteracting the im- Ec'On'Omy is desirable in the cDnstruc- mDral literature which enters in floDds tiDn 'Of missionaries' hDuses." frDm France. There are attempts at self-gDvernment amDng the native ReinfDrcements are mDst needed in churches that are disturbing because India and China. NDne of the SDciety's they are cDming tDD ,goDn in the de- fields however ·sh'Ould be given up un- velDpment 'Of the Christian experience. less there is anDther sDciety willing and able tD carry 'On the work. The L. M. S. Survey The SDciety's first need 'Of all is fDr ACOMMITTEE set up by the £20,000 tD make incDme balance exist- LondDn Missionary SDciety two ing expenditure (which in 1929-30 years ago has made a survey 'Of its was £169,119). WDrk throughout the wDrld, and re- pDrts on present needs fDr men and Seen in Soviet Russia money. The C'Ommittee makes a criti- cal review 'Of the wDrk 'Of this society B ISHOP RaymDnd J. Wade appeals and pDints 'Out that great as are the t'O Meth'Odists tD rally in supp'Ort changes being wrDught in less-devel- 'Of the MethDdist Church work in 'Oped parts 'Of the w'Orld and amDng atheist Russia. ancient civilizatiDns by Western com- merce and industry, the impact 'Of new Bishop Wade, whD has recently ways 'Of th'Ought is creating even traveled in Russia, says: greater changes. In the East as in the West the challenge tD Christianity T'Dday Russia is a land 'Of strDng frDm a secular view 'Of life i$'..even cDntra.sts and strange contradictiDns. g~r!,~t> th~n . frDm 'Other r~ligiDns. Perhaps the first impressiDn upon .,til bfep01;ting 'On educatlOnal wDrk entering Russia is that 'Of the 'Old un- repaired, unpainted buildings, the e~h;W~s is"li:tid 'On the great need 'Of a primitive methDds, the dirt, the squa- lDr, patched 'Old clothes, big bDDts, etc. Nevertheless, in MDSCDW and vicinity are ,fDund new buildings, up-to-date

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

apartments for workers, modern fac- cording to a two-degree system, in the tories. first degree of which the suffrage will be universal; (5), Deputies must be The second impression is the mili- 30 years old and Senators 40; (6), tary aspect. Soldiers and officers are Parliamentary sessions shall last five everywhere. Of the twenty countries months; (7), the King has the power I visited, none gives you such an im- to dissolve Parliament and suspend pression of the dominance of the mili- sessions; (8), in legislative matters tary. Parliament has the last word; (9) , Islam is the religion of the State. The No country in the world is the vic- new electoral 'law gives voting power tim of such propaganda. Two chief to those capable of understanding the daily newspapers in Moscow represent significance of the right of suffrage the voice of the government; all other and its proper use. papers take their cue and their stories from this source. Everything is in- The main grounds for opposition to terpreted in terms of Soviet ideas. the new Constitution are that it re- duces the number of representatives The Soviet social theories imperil in the Chamber of Deputies from 230 the home as we know it and love it. to 150, with a proportionate reduction in the Senate, and gives the King prac- Sunday has been abolished. To be tically unlimited power in all branches seen going to church, if you are a of the government. The Wafd opposes worker for this government, subjects the electoral law because it abolishes you, if reported, to possible loss of job direct elections, imposing the two-deand perhaps to starvation through loss gree system instead. of the bread card. But people do go to church despite all this. Liberia Ends Slavery In Rus,sia atheism is alert and ram- T HE domestic slaVES of the native pant. Had there been in the past a tribes have been declared free by free, vital, humanity-serving Church, the Liberian Government, according to powerfully influential in Russia, the an official dispatch to the League of present condition would never have ob- Nations. Liberia also announces that taimid. it has abolished the system by which a tribesman pledged a member of his AFRICA family as security for a loan, and has ended forced recruiting for foreign New Constitution for Egypt labor contracts: ON OCTOBER 23, the new Con- The international inquiry commis- stitution for Egypt was put into sion found these forms of ,slavery still effect in the face of hostile demonstra- exi8ting in Liberia and this action is tion on the part of Mo,slem students. the result.

All the main streets and large Trouble in Kenya Colony squares of Cairo were heavily guarded by mounted police. The Wafdists I N THE Scotch Mission among the threaten "to make any sacrifice to pro- Kikuyu people there has been ditect the rights, liberty and independ- vision over an attempt of political agience of the people," which they con- tators to reintroduce heathen customs tend are trampled upon by the new in the Christian community. Those Constitution and electoral law. who would abandon the tribal cus- toms are stigmatized as traitors to The chief points of the Constitution patriotism. Among these customs is as revised are: (1), Egypt is a sover- the mutilation of girls when initiated eign State, free and independent; (2), into puberty. It results in a general the throne is hereditary to the de- deterioration of the moral nature and scendants of Mohammed Ali; (3), the such a physical weakening as to add Senate is to be composed of 100 member,s, sixty of whom will be appointed by the King, while the Chamber of Deputies is to consist of 150 elected members; (4), elections will be ac-

unnecessarily t'O the m'Ortality 'Of At the same time the Turkish aum'Others and infants in later life. The th'Orities have forbidden Turkish chilmembership of the church has been dren tD attend movies until after fifdecimated as a result 'Of this agitati'On teen years 'Of age, because of the c'Orand gr'Oups have started independent rupting character of these Americanchurches. Girls who have taken their manufactured movies. stand against the brutal and unclean ceremonies have been persecuted. Christ and Womanhood Some, while walking on the public highway, have been carried off against THE mag a z in e, Alam-i-Nesvan their will. (World of Women), printed re- cently an article by a young man who The Christian pastors and elders is a ,secretary of the Shah's court and have stood firm but some sch'Ools have who has written a number 'Of books. been deserted, and h'Ospitals have l'Ost His article was largely histDrical, dealpatronage. Dr. Irvine rep'Orts that ing with the position of women in so- "one great blessing has been a new ciety. He frankly stated that Jesus impetus t'O evangelistic w'Ork. The Christ had done more than anyone scho'Ol being S'O reduced it was resolved else to elevate womankind. The art'O close it and go throughout the vil- ticle was so significant as coming from lages preaching and healing. A band a MDslem that the Committee on Chrisof seventeen set 'Out with three tents tian Literature in Persia reprinted it tD visit the .northwest CDrner of the as a pamphlet.-Mrs. A. C. Boyce, area newly allocated to the Mission in Persia, in Women and Missions. the Meru district. The spirit of the camp was a joy, and it brought us Daughters of Damacus close together to be living, praying, tramping, preaching, together." SEVENTY years ago, Mrs. BDwen Thompson landed at Beirut, in or- WESTERN ASIA der to minister spiritual comfort to the distressed survivors of the MarD- Turkey Imitating America nite and 'Other communities, which had been decimated by fire and sword. T HE English language has been sug- What was intended as a temporary gested for use in Turkish scho'Ols, service became a permanent work, and superseding French. A friend 'Of was known later as the British Syrian Kemal Pasha and member of the Mission. Turkish parliament, Rafik Bey, says in the official paper Milliyet (quoted in The seventieth anniversary of the The Moslem World): "American civ- Mission was celebrated in London last ilization should be the foundati'On October. The hon'Orary General Secof our impr'Ovements. Imitati<)ll 'Of retary, Mr. J. D. Maitland-Kirwan, Eur'Ope is not g'Ood f'Or us. The Amer- stated that the majority of Syrians ican spirit 'Of initiative is just the op- are Mohammedans, with all the faposite t'O the spirit which has been naticism usually characteristic of taught us by 'Our dervishes and m'Ol- the followers of Islam. The Druzes lahs for centuries. We sh'Ould accept have many gDod qualities but are posthe American religion with all 'Our sess.ors of a peculiar and secret faith, heart, and knDw it as 'Our true religi'On, which aUows its devotees to make outfor the ideal of this religion is crea- ward prDfession of whatever religion tion and initiative. The God of an is dDminant around them. Roman American does not like people WhD, as Catholicism, also, is strongly enparasites, die on the ,streets from hun- trenched, and has sought to hinder ger but praises an individual who Gospel wDrk. In spite of such obworks and builds a palace fDr him- stacle,s, lives have been changed, and self." By the American religi'On Ra- c'Ompanies of believers united in felfik Bey pr'Obably means not Chris- lowship. tianity but the worship of ,success.

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

The principal stations of the Mis- armed they claim they will overcome sion are at Beirut, Damascus, Tyre, military power. The Government is Mount Lebanon, Mount Hermon, and going as far as any Government can Baalbec. The mission agencies in- be expected to g,o in refraining from clude a training college, schools, dis- the use of police or military power pensary work, industrial blind schools, even in the face of great provocation. in addition to ordinary evangelistic activities. The Bible is the chief text- We are particularly concerned with book, and from its inception the Mis- the picketing of educational institu'- sion, which is interdenominational, tions. Many of the colleges and unihas consistently sought to put first versities are being picketed by khadthings first. dar-clad, Gandhi-capped, national-flag- waving groups. If teachers and stu- INDIA AND BURMA dents stand for their rights and suc- ceed in breaking through the cordon Present Disturbances in India at the gate they are called traitors. If a teacher and a few students reach I T IS difficult to give a true picture a classroom, the picketers can easily of India. Rev,olution is here. Lord make enough noise to make a lecture Irwin is standing for the fulfillment inaudible. The majority of the stuof the pledges regarding responsible dents around Allahabad really want to government and Dominion Status. go 'on with their studies. Police pro- There is a group in England who still tection would probably be of no use look upon India as subordinate. The because public opinion is so strong India that can be forced into sub- against it and because the social boymis,sion is a thing of the past. Her cott is applied so rigorously to those temper today is that of men who have who call in the police. In one local made up their minds to be free and school the manager insisted on his who are prepared to pay the price, rights as a free Indian. The school with their lives, if need be. The force records and furniture were burned and that she uses today-for force it is- he was lucky to escape with his life. is the unarmed bodies of Indians. The students of the Allahabad Agri- When a mail train is ready to start cultural Institute have been greatly exfrom a station, it may see 200 to 300 cited, but except for one day have atkhadder-clad figures prostrate on the tended to their work. Several Univerpermanent way. Should the driver sity students have applied to take, spestart the train and run over them, it cial courses in practical farming and would add numbers to the movement. dairying while the University is forc- The chances are that the holding up ibly closed. I can give no guarantee of trains will become common practice. as to how long we can keep open, but Many are anxious to become martyrs. they reply the Congress has decided The aim of Mr. Gandhi's followers that we will not be closed, that "the seems to be to make all public business Institute is a nation-building instituand government impos,sible, as well as tion."-Dr. Sam Higginbottom, Allaprivate business of which they do not habad. approve. British goods are being boycotted. Indian mill owners and mer- Away with Purdah! chants have been financially ruined, often against their wishe,s, and many FOLLOWERS of Mahatma Gandhi thousands have been thrown out of in 'his civil disobedience campaign work. Social boycott is applied to proclaimed recently that "purdah," the those who do not obey the picketers- seclusion of women, is doomed, since personal services are withdrawn and women have entered into the struggle food supply is cut off. They claim for independence. They exulted in the that their policy, if carried out for a fact that Indian women, who fur censufficiently long time, will make gov- turies preferred the seclusion of their ernment impossible. Even though un- homes, have received a new world

status from the Simon commission, been a comparatively easy task to save which t()ok particular cognizance of a few thousand Christians, but when women's part in the struggle. you come to deal with the surr'Ound- ing millions only one here and there Gandhi's subalterns issued the fol- can be saved. lowing appeal: These famines are preventable. If "Away with ancient purdah! Come a hundredth part of the money wasted out of the kitchens quick! Fling the in civil war were applied to irrigapots and pans rattling into corners! tion schemes, these plains would be Tear the cloth from your eyes, and insured against famines. Meantime, see the new world! Let your hus- it must wait, perhaps for decades, till bands and brothers cook for them- a stable government is established and selves. There is much work to be an enlightened public spirit created. done to make India a nation!" Irrigation is Shensi's urgent need. Improved communications with the CHINA rest 'Of China W'Ould also help, for the relief societies have found transP'Ort Dangers in China their greatest obstacle.

T HE New York Times of November The soldiers and bandits ruthlessly 11 reported that all Americans, expl'Oit the people. When one 'Of 'Our other tlw,n missionaries, in Kiang,si missi'Onaries first came to Shensi and Honan had begun to evacuate twenty-five years ag'O there were n'Ot those provinces, fearing the rapid one th'Ousand soldiers in the whole spread of communism. province. Now we have three hun- dred thousand under arms. Carts, Kiangsi is the worst afflicted of all animals and men are conscripted withthe provinces, and except for a small out compensation, just when they are zone surrounding Nanchang, the cap- needed most on the fields, and trade ioB ital, that province is overrun by Com- strangled. Just before this famine bemunists or bandits. In September and fell Shensi, the military seized the October more than 2,500 Chinese in granaries in which reserves were Kiangsi were murdered by Reds and stored against bad seasons, confiscated more than 10,000 were kidnapped and all the grain, and carried it off for the held for ransom. use of the army.

A letter received at Catholic head- M'Ost of China's ills are man-made, quarters in Kiukiang from the Rev. and could be eliminated if 'Only her Father Thieffry, held captive with rulers made the welfare 'of her people thirteen other Catholic missionaries their first and chief concern.-E. W. by Communists at Kian, Kiangsi Prov- Burt, M.A. (B.M.S. China Secretary) ince, said the missionaries would be in World Dominion. released on payment of $200,000 Mexican [about $65,0001 Razing Mission Schools Six American, two British and four DR. WILLIAM C. WHITE, Angli- German mis,sionaries t l' a p p e d in can bish'OP of Honan, who had Kwangchow, Honan Province, China, 'Ordered the buildings of all schools of were unable to leave because of the his mission torn down "to prevent danger from Communist forces, and their falling into unfriendly hands," the American Oonsul General, F. D. gave the 'Orders after consultation with Lockhart, asked that an effort be made his mission in Canada. He gives the to bring them out by airplane. following reasons for his action: 1. Mission middle schools were estab- Christians, Soldiers, Bandits and lished to provide education in a Chris- tian environment. Government regu- Famine lations make this objective impossible. 2. It would be a breach of faith to use THE Chinese Christians are the salt of the earth, and we cannot be too thankful that most of them have been ,saved in the famine by the kindness of Christian friends at home. It has

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

such equipment for secular educa- rather a motley looking class in their tional work without the consent of working clothes and with the signs donors. 3. However, ill-advised such of honest toil on hands and faces as a (government) policy may be, the they come from work with masons, government has a legal right to is,sue carpenters, plumbers, electricians. In such regulations. 4. Empty buildings the shade of the building or of a tree, are a heavy liability. It is almost im- seated on piles of sand, bricks, or possible to prevent their occupation by stone, the class in building construc- the military or government bureaus.. tion is conducted, using as the text- For these reasons various mission book the structure beside them just school buildings have been pulled being erected.

down and rebuilt for different use in The students are taught to apply other locatIons. The bishop concl)ldes Christianity to their task-s, and thus his statement thus: "I am strongly of to make Christianity practical. There the opinion that for the interior .of is a shop evangelist and both he and China the church will not lose by re- the Christian students have wide op- linquishing mission schools, but will portunity to do personal Christian gain. . . . Our chief concern in an work among other workmen. When I educational line must now be, first, the was in Peiping, Mr. Dean was in the education 'of the children of Christians famine district with a number of his in a Christian environment; second, staff, foremen and students, superin- the special training of Church leaders; tending the work of a thousand men and, third, more systematic religious constructing a canal 42 miles long and education of the Christian constitu- 90 feet wide, to connect the Yellow ency. and Black Rivers, and to irrigate with its laterals a thousand square miles of Character Training in M i 8 8 ion land. Five thousand workmen were Schools engaged on the job, which serves three AUNIQUE piece of character-train- purposes – employment to famine- ing is being done by Mr. Samuel stricken people, irrigation of an area Dean, of the Presbyterian Mission in that will later be productive, and use the North China School of Engineer- of water that would otherwise cause ing Practice. An applicant must have flood in the lower course of the Yellow a good grounding in science, mathe- River.-Rev. George H. TrulL matics, English and Chinese and should be a Christian. He must be Shall We Withdraw Fron> China? ready to do hard manual work and to learn how to assume responsibility. T HE Rev. Victor Swenson, mission- He must be intere-sted in service to his ary of the Augustana Lutheran fellow men. "We want," says Mr. Synod, writes from China: Dean, "to make of them practical men, I believe anyone called of God, able who will not bend or break under pres- to learn a foreign language, and in ent hard Chinese conditions, but who good health, should be sent out as soon will go forward in spite of trouble. as possible. It takes time to prepare We wish to produce Christians of for the work even after you have ar- granite and steel and for this purpose rived. Mi.ssionaries may be in danger we choose boys who have that sort of on Kikungshan, but they are not in as material in them and work it up in the serious danger as we were right here fire of hard work." in Hsuchow a few days ago. Robbers Much of the class work instruction were shooting and killing and burning is given in connection with some job like mad beasts only a few miles away.

of construction. Word is sent to the We could hear the large and small technical students working on differ- guns thunder in the distance. But it ent jobs throughout the city to as- is not worse for us than for other semble at a particular place. They are missionaries. The China Inland Mi-s-

sion is sending out one company after meeting, a morning Bible study, aftanother. ernoon preaching from house to house, and evening service. "At five in the He also writes that, "the tent bands morning and often earlier still, Mr. have been bUllY scattering the Gospel Kim, the evangelist, was there surseed. The robbers have been very bad rounded by those eager to pray. At at times in certain places. When they six the regular prayer-meetings began. get furious, the tent workers move to This daybreak gathering numbered 1,- another place. There are plenty of 200 or more and at the closing meeting towns and villages tliat need to be a thank offering provided Yen 600 to given the Gospel-thousands upon send an evangelist to some needy field. thousands of them. By God's grace During the morning, after an hour they are going to have a chance to with college or academy boys, Mr. Kim hear and accept or reject the mes- conducted a two-hour Bible class with sage." an attendance of 800 or 900, using the book of Romans as a basis for study." JAPAN-CHOSE,N One building would not hold the eve- ning gatherings so two large churches Christmas in Japan were used and both auditoriums were filled. There were more than 900 of J APANESE people, who love festal personally led new believers who de- days and gay deoorations, easily clared themselves. All this happened adopt the picturesque customs of in one city. The word received from Christmas season, even though they the country was also "most encouragknow nothing of its real significance. ing. The eff'Ort is being made to have Merchants offer Christmas presents every church in the territory join in and decorations for sale. Decorated and already the response has gone be- Christmas trees and small Santa yond all expectations. Prayer for the Clauses appear in store windows. One work should be most earnest and conenterprising restaurant owner heard stant. All Christians are asked to of turkeys and plum puddings which choose and pray for three unbelieving grace Christmas tables, and advertised friends. Many are responding and the "an American Christmas dinner, movement is going forward." served December 25, 26 and 27." Oooperation in Seoul I longed to give not only the Christians, but all the people of the city, FRIENDS of Ewha College, Seoul, high and low alike, the message of the ~orea, will rejoice in the entrance Christ Child. Through the city W. C. of the third cooperating mission board T. U., we arranged a Christmas pa- into its work. The United Church of geant in the city auditorium. It was Canada has made an appropriation for unique in the history of Kanazawa, 1931 for the Home Economics Departbut the patience and perseverance and ment, assuring the continuance of this long hours of rehearsal were repaid. much needed service. All the cast entered into the spirit of the day. The audience was deeply The cooperation of this church moved, and some said afterwards, "It changes Ewha College from an allwas 80 beautiful that we wept."-M1's. Methodist (Northern and Southern) M. A. Tremaine, Japan, in Women and college into a union college, broaden- Missions. ing its appeal t'O those outside of Methodist circles. This help is par- A Revival in Chosen ticularly appreciated now when the college is raising $450,000 for new THE story of an evangelistic effort buildings. Almost $200,000 of this in the Presbyterian field in Pyeng- amount is already in sight.-W'Onwn's yang under the leadership of a Korean Missionary Friend. evangelist is enheartening. The daily program included a daybreak prayer-

WORTH

Any books mentioned in theBe columm will be forwarded b'/l 'Us on receipt of price.-TBE REVIEW.

Behind Mud Walls. By Charlotte Viall puzzles, diagrams, poems, stories with- Wiser and William H. Wiser. Illus. out words, buried names and other 8 vo. $1.50. Richard R. Smith. New devices will catch and hold the inter- York. est of children as well as the stories, several of which are fascinating as For five yea:r.s Mr. and Mrs. Wiser they are educational and inspiring. and their two boys lived much of the Here is an excellent gift for children time in a tent just outside of an Indian of six to twelve years of age. village near Mainpuri, studying the life and pvoblems of the people, learn- The Fight for Peace. By Devere Allen. ing to know them and winning their 8 vo. 740 pp. $5.00. Macmillan, friendship. This illuminating and New York. well-drawn picture of Indian village life is the result. The mis,sionaries "Fight" is a rather belligerent term endured many privations as to com- for an avowed pacifist to use in disfort, and at first were met with sus- cussing peace, but he has good spiritpICIOn. They overcame obstacles by ual precedent for it. Although only 39 their spirit of friendliness. The story years of age, he has been active and of how they did it and what they found influential in the movement against out about the men, the women, the war for more than twelve years, servchildren and the animals, is a fasci- ing as an officer or director in several nating narrative. It reveals not only peace organizations, and writing the difficulties of changing the life of voluminously for newspapers and Indian villagers, but suggests how this magazines, including The World Tomay be done by Christian tact, con- movrow of which he is the editor. In tact and patience. There is no better this volume, he goes deeply into the light on Indian village life for this subject in which his heart is so warmvolume is the outgrowth of personal ly enlisted. Scores of books deal with experience. The closing question is specific phases of the peace movement, one that we may all ask ourselves, but this monumental work covers its "Can we who have been permitted to entire history as no other book does. know the needs of the men and women, It gives an exhaustive account of the the youth and babies, and the animals various peace movements since 1815, of the village, 'pass by on the other surveys of the present day peace acside' and forget 1" tivities of societies, churches and labor 'organizations, the history of arbitra- Lands Across the Sea. 8 vo. 154 pp. tion treaties, world courts, the League 28 6d. Church Missionary Society, of Nations, Locarno, etc., arguments London. 1930. for the fundamental grounds of peace, Missionary life is full of adventure and rebuttal of contentions against the and incidents that are of interest to possibility of putting an end to war.

young people. This volume gather-s All this is thoroughly documented, the for children at home, the stories, references alone filling 15 closely rhymes, puzzles and games related to printed pages. Five appendices in- children in foreign lands. There are elude a chr-onological table of 252 wars also clever sketches and very attractive since 1792, and a full index makes the colored pictures that make the book vast store of material readily available interesting. The games, cross word for reference. It i,s a massive work, 77

not to be lightly read but thoughtfully nesburg. Here we see a backward peo- studied and used as a source book for ple bursting into civilization over a long time to come. Advocates of night, displaying qualities of leader- peace will here find an abundance of ship, and self-assertiveness, and com- facts and arguments in support of ing at once into sharp conflict with their position. A. J. B. the entrenched white races. And this D. L. Moody. By William R. Moody. 556 book tells the fascinating story of what is happening. Mr. Phillips has pp. IUus., $3.50. Macmillan Co. New resided as a missionary for twelve York. years in the midst of this environ- memo He not only has an intimate The son has given the world the knowledge of the people, but a deep sympathy for their suffering and faith fullest and most satisfactory life of in their future. He, therefore, speaks with authority and conviction on the his. father that has yet appeared, en- racial problem and the new task of the Christian Church. "The old ablmg the reader to know in his man- heathenism," he says, "is no joke. It's the most hopeless, deadening, damifold activities the greatest evangelist nable kind of life that mankind has evolved for itself. It's written plainly of the Christian world. We see the on the cruel, brazen, inhuman faces of millions who have reached middle age. lad at work and his ambitions for African heathenism is hell!" But the old religion is passing. The rapid wealth, looking to a maximum of changes, economic and social, cause severe strain in every department of $100,000 and gaining an income of native life. The future relationship of black and white is shrouded in mist. over $5,000 a year, won by Kimball to The only light that shines clearly is the light of the Gospel. Three hunhis Saviour and still later by two dred thousand men are drilling and blasting rock containing the yellow godly women· to the fulness of life and stuff, which ,seems to be the white man's god. The Gospel is the only unparalleled usefulness. His labors message that can get over the color line, and across the chasm of misuncovered all important cities in the derstanding. The book is interesting reading and in an appendix we have United States, Great Britain, Scotland the official statement of the Jerusalem Council Meeting on Race Relations. and Ireland, where he was heard by This is the program that challenges the churches of South Africa. uncounted millions, while printed re- S. M. ZWEMER. ports of his sermons were eagerly read by other millions. True converts num- bered untold hundreds of thousands and thousands were won as Christian workers.

That a self-educated man should have overcome the prejudices of high- browed students of Oxford, Cam- bri.dge, Edinburgh, Harvard, Yale and Prmceton and held spellbound scores of student conference,s is a wonderful story set fomh meticulously and faith- fully, and simply proves what a mloavn~ wholly given to God and full of for his fellow men, can do for the world, in sixty-two years of life.

When "Earth recedes; Heaven opens before me; G<ld is calling me and 1 must go"-"up and off" he had once Sindiga the Savage. By Eric A. Beavon. called it. Heaven was enriched by an 291 pp. $2. Harpers. New York. unequalled Christian laborer of the twentieth century. The subtitle is "A Tale of the Wilds," and the book justifies it. The HARLAN P. BEACH. author calls it "the first -East African Th~ Bantu !,re Coming. By Ray E. Phil- romance to be written in which the lIps. Rlc~ard R. Smith, Inc. New leading characters are natives of York. PrIce $2.00. 238 pp. Africa, and white people merely fig- The race problem in South Africa ures in the background." The old is nowhere more acute than in Johan- Africa is rapidly changing under the

BOOKS WORTH READING

influences that western nations are nized as an authority on India. In bringing to bear in a vast continent, this volume he gives the history of ten-elevenths of which are ruled by India agitation for self-government, European governments, or as in South culminating in the present revolt un- Africa, by men of European ancestry. der Gandhi, a thoughtful analysis of This story of a primitive tribe before India's problem, and his reasons for and after the white men came is well believing that dominion status in and vividly told. It is interesting as the British Empire is the only practi- a romance and incidentally valuable cable solution of this difficult problem.

for its account of an aboriginal life There are two maps, seven full-page that still exists but is destined soon portraits of outstanding personalities to pass away. A. J. B. from Clive to Gandhi, a chronological table ·of political events, and a copious Christians in China Before the Year 1550. index. It is a volume of first rate By A. C. Moule. 293 pp. 15s. Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge. importance. A. B. J. London. (Macmillan. New York.) The Case for India. By John S. Hoyland. Scores of books describe modern 173 pp. $2. Dutton. New York.

missions in China from the arrival of This volume is highly recommended the first Protestant missionary, Robert both f.or its content and for the Morrison, in 1807; but most of them thoroughly Christian spirit in which either say nothing about Christianity it is written. The author knows and in China prior to that date or give loves India, having served ilfteen only a scanty 'outline of it in a pre- years, in touch at different times with liminary chapter. This volume is the students, educated classes, villagers first one to present a full historical and industrialists.

account of Christians who were in The first part describes the growth that great country in the early and of the nationalistic feeling, the in- middle ages of the Christian era, and fluence of Gandhi, the two dominant to give in an English translation the religions (Hinduism and Islam), and actual words of the original authori- gives an appraisal of the British sys- ties, with necessary references and tem in India. It is the second part explanations in footnotes. The author of the book that readers will most has 'opened up to the English readers value, for here the author frankly a realm hitherto imperfectly explored tells us what is in the Indian's mind- and almo,st wholly unknown to the how he looks at the West, at India, at churches of today. We are inclined Swaraj, at religion, and at the future.

to think that the book will long be The reader will be impressed with the recognized as a classic authority in contrast of culture between India and its special field. There are many il- the West, and is grateful for this lustrations, a table of important dates, sympathetic insight into the inner life and a complete index. A. J. B. of India. D. J. F.

Reconstructing India. By Ed war d A Study of the Student Home of China. Thompson. 404 pp. $4. Dial Press. By Ava B. Milam. 98 pp. Bureau of New York. Publications of Teachers College, Co- One who desires an intelligent, ju- lumbia University. New York.

dicious and authoritative account of Five months of personal observation the situation in India-and who does of ·schools and student homes in Eastnot ?-will find it in this volume. The ern China together with collated reauthor knows his subject thoroughly plies to a questionnaire concerning the and at fir,st hand. He lived in India lives of 1,270 families form the basis as a child, was for a dozen years pro- for a SY8tem of home economics for fessor in a college in Bengal, and is China's schools. The book affords innow lecturer in Bengali at Oxford timate and interesting details as to University. He is everywhere recog-

the Chinese family, its standards of calendars for the year 1931 with ap- living, health conditions, the patriar- propriate daily Scripture texts.

chal system, child training, marriage, servants, etc. It concludes with a BRIEF MENTION chapter on China's need for the train- Junior Stewards of the Bible, by Helen Kinsbury Wallace, Field Speing of men as well as women in home cialist in the Stewardship Department of the Northern Baptist Convention, economics. Conferences held during is justly commended by Dr. David Mc- Conaughy as a book effectively pre- Dean Milam's sojourn in China to- senting to young people the lesson that our whole life is a sacred trust to be gether with other influences have led used in a working partnership with Christ. (Revell. 75c.) not merely to the establishment of a The Turn Toward Peace, by Flor- Department ·of Home Economics at ence Brewer Boeckel, is one of the best of the recent books on inter- Yenching University, but also to a re- national peace and friendship, by the Education Director of The National quirement by the Ministry of Edu- cation that the subject be taught in all middle schools for girls. Dr. T.

T. Lew in an Introductory commends the book as scholarly and meeting a need of the "changing 'changless'

Chinese family." C. H. FENN.

BOOKS FOR YOUNG PEOPLE Council for Prevention of War. It is just the book for individuals, <:lasses The following attractive books for and clubs that desire a sane discussion of war and peace. (Friendship Press. young people are on our desk: Two are from the Penn Publishing Cloth, $1; paper, GOc.) Co., Philadelphia: Toni of Grand Isle, Community Religion and the De- by Nelia Gardner White, ($2) and nominational Heritage, by J. R. Har- Wild Wind, by Temple Bailey ($2). greaves, Dr. Robert A. Ash, of the One is from the publishing house of Baptist Church; Dr. Albert W. Palm- Richard R. Smith, New York-Hands er, of the Congregational; Dr. Win- Around the World, by Archer Wallace, fred Ernest Garritson, of the Dis- ($1) and one from the Church Mis- ciples; Prof. Howard C. Robbins, of sionary Society, London-Tales of the Protestant Episcopal; Dr. War- India, contributed by five writers from ren Sweet, of the Methodist, and Dr. personal observation and experience. John T. McNeil, of the University of Eight are from the publishing house Chicago. These names are a guaranty of Pickering and Inglis, London, as of the excellence of this little book which discusses a pre·sent-day prob- t follows: Old Chickweed, (2s.) by E. A. lem of major importance. (Harpers. Bland; Norah's Victory, (2s. 6d.) by $1.00.) L. A. Barter-Snow; Ursula, (2s. Gd.) Rainbow Missionary Stories, by also by L. A. Barter-Snow; Briny's Stella M. Rudy is a collection of Hoy, (ls. Gd.) by Lily Watson; charming stories from true life, ad- Through Brazilian Jung/elands with mirably adopted to interest children the Book, (3s. Gd.) by F. C. Glass; in missionary work, written by a wom- Henry Martyn of Persia, (2s) by Jes- an who has spent years in China, who sie Page; David Elliott, (28.) by E. is affectionately known to children as Everett Green; and "Ma" The Her- "Aunt Stella," and who knows how to oine of Calabar, a biography of Mary tell a story in a captivating way. So Slessor, by Esther E. Enoch (ls.) competent a judge as Emily M. Schlu- All of these books are illustrated ensen, head of the Department of and will be of interest not only to School Management of the New York young people but to their elders. Training School for Teachers, com- Pickering and Inglis have also is- mends this book in an Introduction.

sued a handsomely illustrated series of (Revell. $1.50.)

The Missionary Review of the World — 1930 Index

MISSIONAR Y

REVIEW of the WORLD Founded In 1878 by Edltor-In-Chlef, 1888 to 1911 ROYAL G. WILDER ARTHUR T. PIERSON January to 1Jecember, 1930 VOLUME FIFTY-THREE EDITOR DELAVAN L. PIERSON ARTHUR J. BROWN, Editor for 1930 ASSOCIATE EDITORS Methods for Workers …•.••.•…•..•••.•.••.••………..•… MRS. F. 1. JOHNSON Home Mission Bulletin ••…..••..•….•…..••••…•.••..•.•• FLORENCE E. QUINLAN Foreign Mission Bulletin ……………………………….•.. FLORENCIE G. TYLER INTERDENOMINATIONAL EDITORIAL COUNCIL REV. A. R. BARTHOLOMEW, D.D. MRS. HEI"EN BARRETT MONTGOMERY REV. ENOCH F. BELL MRS. HENRY W. PEABODY REV. ARTHUR J. BROWN, D.D. FLORENCE E. QUINLAN FRANKLIN D. COGSWELL RUTH B. RULE REV. PAUL DE SCHWEINITZ, D.D. REV. WM. P. SCHELL, D.D.

MRS. JOHN FERGUSON REV. CHARLES H. SEARS, D.D.

R<EV. S. G. INMAN, D.D. MRS. E. H. SILVERTHORN MRS. F. 1. JOHNSON REV. F. C. STEPHENSON, M.D. REV. WM. R. KING, D.D. REV. JAY S. STOWELL REV. HENRY SMITH LEIPER REV. MILLS J. TAYLOR, D.D.

W:l.f. B. LIPPHARD FI,oRENCE G. TYLER REV. JOHN McDOWELL, D.D. JESSE R. WILSON REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D.D.

COPYRIGHTED, 1930-PUBLISHED BY THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, INO.

THIRD AND REILY STREETS, HARRISBURG, PA., AND 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK BOARD OF DIRECTORS RoBERT E. SPEER, President SAMUEL MCCREA CAVER'!' WM. 1. CHAMBERlLAIN, Vice·President WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer WM. BANCROFT HILL DELAVAN h PIERSON, Secreta,ry MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD WM. B. LIPPHARD HARLAN P. BEACH ERIC M. NORTH FLEMING H. REVELL 965 PHOTOGRAPHIC ILLUSTRATIONS Page Page Abel, Charles W … ', ………………………. 903 India-Village Meeting Near Ambala City .. 724 Africa-Fording a River, Missionary •… 351, 353 – Kabyle Girl and Little Brother ……….. 337 – Women's Village Meeting ……………… 427 – Travel by Bushcar ……………………. 350 Iraq-River Scene at Baghdad, Tigris ……. 327 Alaska-Preacher on SkUs ……………….. 37 – Presbyterian Church and Congregation at – Street Scene, Mosul ……………………. 329 ItalY-Waldensian Refuge at Luserno San Point Barrow ………………………… 35 – "Princeton" Spreading the Gospel …….. 39 Giovanni …………………………….. 569 Alaskan Boys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . 38 – Waldensian Synod Meeting House …….. 564 Algiers-Arab Reading to Illiterates ……… 168 Japan-Boys, Non-Christian ……………… 658 – Cast of Martyr Geronimo ……………… 169 – Children of ……………………………. 167 – Children's Playtime a t Neighborhood – Street Scene in Moslem Quarter of …….. 164 House ……………………………….. 644 All Nations Shall Come and Worship Before Kennedy, Mrs. John S. .. ………………… 666 Thee …………………………………. 8%4 American Indians, Missionaries to ……….. 61 Korea-Health Posters …………………… 452 Azariah, Bishop ………………………….. 267 – Prayer, Observing World Day of ………. 850 Bibles Circulated Hourly by N. Y. B. S….. 103 Burma-Judson College, "Willington Hall" • 125 Lel-Chuan, Wu, ChanceUor of Yenching …. 101 – – Memorial Church, Mandalay ……….. 19 Leper Colony, Sumatra, Dutch Mission ….. 756 Burnett, Floyd O. ………………………… 61 Lepers at Chiengmai, Siam ………………. 333 Carey, William, and the World Problem •… 773 China-Boat Population at Canton ………. 581 Mary at the Tomb ………………… : ……. 244 – Prayer, Observers of World Day of …… 852 Near East-Literature Distribution After – Yenching University and Dedication Village Meeting ……………………… 261 Scenes ……………………… 84, 99, 100, 101 Papuan-With Some, Children …………… 907 – – – Bashford Memorial Building …….. 99 Papuans-Bidding Farewell ………………. 905 – – – CamDus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 114 – Welcoming Party of-Years Ago ………. 904 – – – Procession to Religious Ceremony of Patterns for Pick-up Work ………………. 297 Dedication ……………………… 100 Philippines-Ellinwood Bible School Gradu- Ching, Ting Shu …………………………. 56 ates ………………………………….. 807 Council of Women for Home Missions, Offi- – Girl Graduates, Ellinwood Bible School .. 807 cers and Office Personnel …………. 378,379 – Silliman Institute on Parade ………….. 804 Day of Prayer Display, World …………… 299 Dewairy, Sheikh Metry, and Street Sunday – Street Scene, M.anila ………………….. 1104 Pierson, Delavan L. ……………………… 48 School, Cairo ………………………… 265 Display for Missionary Education ……….. 211 Porto Rico-Hospital at San Juan, Presby- Egypt-Child Welfare Clinic of American terian ……………………………….. 488 Mission, Cairo ……………………….. 263 Prayer Began, Where Week of …………… 404 – Sunday-school, Street …………………. 265 – World-wide Observance of Day of …… .. – Women Traveling in Cairo ……………. 262 Gift Envelope, Incense …………………… 134 …………………………… 850, 851, 852, 853 Greyearth, Isaac …………………………. 61 Ross. J. C. ……………………………….. 61 Haiti-House, Country …………………… 181 Rowland, A. Graham …………………….. 61 – Market Day, Cape Haitlen …………….. 177 Havana Congress Delegates ……………… 4 RusseU, Elizabeth ………………………… 132 Hinds, J. M. ……………………………… 61 India-Bull, Fakir and Sacred …………… 426 St. Nicholas of Myra …………………….. 214 – Bullock Cart in ………………………. 753 – Church, Village ……………………….. 729 Schaumer. Mrs. A. F. ……………………. 47 – Ewing ChristIan High School, Ludhlana. 424 – Fakir and Sacred BuU ………………… 426 Siam-Damrong, H. R. N. Prince ……… 331, 3a3a3a – Hindu Temple …………………………. 421 – Lepers at Chiengmai ………………….. – Hospital at Jhansi, Woman's Union Mis- – Missionaries, Itinerating ………………. 336 sion …………………………………. 724 Stuart. J. Leighton ………………………. 101 – Manual Training Class at Jhansi Boys' Sumatra-Leper Colony, Dutch Mission ….. 756 School ………………………………. 724 – Matriarchal House …………………….. 757 – Pierson, Mr. and Mrs. at Grave of L. B. – Weaving C lot h of Pineapple Fibre, Pierson ……………………………… 420 Women ………………………………. 324 – Pierson, Mr. and Mrs. D. L., on Elephant 521 – Prayer Began, Where Week of ………… 404 Trowbridge, Stephen, and Street Sunday- – – Observers of World Day of ……… 850, 853 – Scudder, Dr. Ida, and Nurses …………. 586 school. Cairo …………………………. 265 – Session. Native Church ……………….. 727 – Taj Mahal …………………………….. 428 Turkey-Alphabet. Learning New ………… 12 United States-Friends Peace Caravaners, American ……………………………. 191 – – Manual Training at Mitchell Home … 505 – – Mexican Home in Belvedere ………… 185 – – Migrant Center. Handwork Hour at … 491 – – Negro Home Economics Class ………. 506 – – Sunday School in Imperial Valley …. 187 Van Sickle. A. A. ………………………… 61 Vasquez, Marcelino, a Quiche Indian and Family ………………………………. 117 Waid, Eva Clark …………………………. 535 West Inniss-Chapel in Hills …………….. 515 – – Children ……………………………. 484 Wu. nr. Yi-Fang, President of Ginling Col- lege …………………………………. 899 AUTHORS Page Page Aggrey. J. E. K. …………………………. 368 Bisson, T. A……………………………… 683 Anderson, W. B………………………….. 726 Bowie, W. Russell ……………………….. 246 Austen, Nancy Virginia ………………….. 926 Bowman. Esther …………………………. 670 Austin, Mrs. P. H ………………………… 941 Bradford, Arthur H ………………………. 250 Axling, William ………………………….. 650 Braisted, Paul J ………………………. 411,731 Bartholomew, Allen R. …………………… 17 Brickman. Helen M……………………. 207,292 Barton, James L . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 922 Brooks, Charles A. .. …………………….. 499 Bennett, M. Katharine …………………… 24 Brooks, J. T ……………………………… 212 Beynon. Erdmann D ……………………… 738 Brown, Arthur J. .. ……….. .43, 103,416,429 885 Bingham, R. V …………………………… 865 Brown, George Williams ………………… : 362 966 Page Page Brown, William Adams ………………….. 839 Moore, John M…………………………… 618 Burgess, Paul ……………………………. 116 Morton, C. Manly ……………………….. 188 Butler, Clementina ………………………. 607 McConnell, Francis J …………………….. 8::.0 Calder, Helen B. .. ……………………….. 252 McCrae, Lee ……………………………… 518 Carter, Edward C………………………… 358 McKinney, Georgia H …………………….. 298 Carey, Otis ……………………………. .42,111 McLean, Robert N. .. …………………….. 183 Cavert, Samuel McCrea ………………….. 123 McWilliams, M. A………………………… 201 Chamberlain, Wm. 1. …………………….. 21 Mills, Edward Laird ……………………… 917 Chapin, Mrs. L. W. .. ……………………. 447 Newton, Joseph Fort.. …………… ……… 20 Chester, S. H. . …………………………… 600 Norwood, Robert …………………………. 674 Claypoole, Mrs. H. H. .. ………………….. 844 Odell, Edward A. .. ………………………. 512 Clopton, J. J ……………………………… 668 Oxenham, John ………………………….. 849 Cody, E. J ……………………………….. 575 Peabody, Mrs. Henry W. .. ………………. 369 Coleman, W. C…………………………… 526 Peale, Mrs. C. C. …………………………. 27 Cressman, N. M………………………….. 439 Peet, H. W ……………………………….. 602 Curtis, Anna L. .. ………………………… 191 Pierson, Delavan L. . ……………………… 0 ………… .. Damrong, H. R. H. Prince ………………. 331 D'Aubigne, Ch. Merle ……………………. 574 ….. 165, 258, 325, 420, 521, 585, 653, 753, 811, 903 Day, Muriel ., ……………………………. 503 Pierson, George P ………………………… 645 De Biois, Austen K. . …………………….. 247 Pinson, W. W ……………………………. 14 Denyes, John R. .. ……………………….. 342 Pleasant, D. G. .. ………………………… 212 de Schweinitz, Paul ……………………… 15 Pope, Howard W …………………………. 772 Detweiler, Charles S. . …………………… 177 Reherd, Herbert W ……………………….. 278 Dickinson, Emily ………………………… 619 Quinlan, Florence E… (Home Mission Bulletin) Dift'endorfer, Ralph E ………………..•. 255, 893 Quinlan, Florence E. .. …………………… 896 Dingman, Mrs. R. G. . ……………………. 855 Rice, Claton S. .. …………………………. 273 Dodd, Edwin M. …………………………. 356 Richards, George W. .. …………………… 838 Donaldson, Bessie Allen …………………. 142 Riggs, E. W. …………………….. ……… 11 Drach, George ……………………………. 523 Riggs, F. B. ……………………………… 284 Eddy, Brewer ……………………………. 256 Rittelmeyer, Friedrich …………………… 570 Eddy, Sherwood ………………………….. 266 Robbins, Joseph C. ………………………. 18 Edwards, John R ………………………… 13 Rogers, Mrs. Howard …………………….. 213 Emmert, R. E. .. …………………………. 210 Roseberry, R. S………………………….. 660 Engstrom, Mrs" W. W. . ………………….. 846 Rosenberger, Elma T …………………….. 451 Erdman, Charles R. .. ……………………. 405 Rush, Lettie Allan ……………………….. 846 Farber, Benjamin F. .. …………………… 663 Sailer, T. H. P …………………………… 455 Fenn, Courtenay H. ………………………. 85 Sandberg, Minnie V. ……………………… 20 Fleming, D. J. …………………………… 45 Scanlon, Warren B. .. ……………………. 349 Gardner, Katherine ………………………. 942 Schain, Josephine ………………………… 376 Garside, Frances L. ……………………… 595 Schell, W. P ……………………………… 257 Gleckler, Homer L. .. …………………….. 608 Scott, Hugh L. .. …………………………. 280 Goodell, Charles L. ………………………. 31 Short, H. H. .. ……………………………. 211 Graves, Frederick R. .. …………………… 818 Shotwell, James T . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 Gribble, Florence Newberry ……………… 440 Silverthorn, Katharine V. .. ……………… 455 Griffin, Pansy …………………………….. 844 Smith, Egbert W. ……………………….. 16 Guest, Edgar A. .. ……………………….. 295 Smith, Frank A. .. ……………………….. 255 Hall, Ada ………………………………… 452 Smith, Fred B. .. …………………………. 835 Hassell, A. P …………………………….. 657 Smith, Herbert Booth ……………………. 35 Hayne, Coe ………………………………. 347 Smith, James M. .. ………………………. 354 Hazlett, Mrs. S. M. ..~……………………. 213 Sockman, Ralph W. .. ……………………. 248 Hodge, Margaret E ……………………….. 253 Soper, Edmund D ………………………… 836 Hodgkin, Henry T. ………………………. 92 Soper, Laura De Witt ……………………. 51 Hoover, Herbert …………………..361, 527, 921 Speer, Robert E. …………………………. 7 Horne, Frank A. .. ……………………….. 250 Steimle, Augustus …………………………. 249 Hough, Mrs. S. S…………………………. 936 Stelzle, Charles ……………………….. 121, 833 Howell, Clarence V ………………………. 758 Stowell, Jay S. …………………………… 25 Hyde, A. A. .. …………………………….. 835 Strachan. Helen M………………………… 777 Inman, Samuel Guy ……………………… 509 Strong, W. E. ……………………………. 11 Twashita, George …………………………. 673 Stuart, J. Leighton ………………………. 98 Jefferson, Chas. E …………………….. 249,665 Taylor, Jay F ……………………………. 537 Jeffs, Harry ……………………………… 571 Thorne, Samuel ………………………….. 251 Johnson, Mrs. F. 1. ………………………. 254 Trull, George H. .. ……………. 578,664,740,805 Johnson, Mrs. F. 1. .. (Best Methods Department) Tyler, Florence G. .. …………………..538, 899 Johnston, Charles …………………………. 747 Tyler. Florence G… (Foreign Mission Bulletin) Jones, E. Stanley ………………………… 640 Van Dyke, Tertius ……………………….. 565 Judd, Mrs. Orrin R. ………………. 253, 458, 486 Van Slyke, L. P ………………………….. 822 Kagawa, Toyohiko ……………………….. 659 Warner, Franklin ……………………….. 251 Kerr, Hugh Thomson ………………….197,246 Warnshuls, A. L. .. …………………. 9,123,269 King, William R. ………………….. 23,406,886 Watson, Charles R ……………………….. 107 Knox, Mrs. De Witt ………………………. 262 Weddell, Sue …………………………..536,824 Kuhn Nellie E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 940 White, Charles L. ………………………… 29 Larse;', J. T ……………………………… 364 Latourette. Kenneth S……………………. 912 White, Flora Dell ……………………….. 297 Lee, Elizabeth M. .. ………………………. 337 Whittier, John Greenleaf ………………… 381 t~~~~:nJa~e~'J:':::::::: :::::::::::::::::::::::: i~~ Wfddoes, Howard W. .. ………………….. 437 Mayhew, Arthur T ……………………….. 732 Menzel, Emil W ………………………….. 745 Wilson, E. Graham ………………………. 493 Moffett, Thomas C. .. ……………………… 170 Montgomery, Andrew J. …… …………….. 26 Wilson, Warren H ……………………….. 590 Montgomery, Helen B…………………….. 694 Wood, John W …………………………… 245 Woodhull, Mrs. Schuyler C………………. 929 Wyckoff, Amelia …………………………. 598 Young, Owen D. . ………………………… 778 Zwemer, Samuel M. .. ……………………. 435 ARTICLES AND NEWS Page Page Abyssinla-R. V. Bingham ………..•……. 865 Afghanistan-Changes In …………………. 228 _ Empress Dies …………………………. 461 – Education in ………………………….. 389 _ Haile Selassle, Emperor ………………. 952 – Persian Christians Evangelize ………… 791 Adventist Liberality ……………………… 386 – Progress in ……………………………. 315

INDEX

Page Pays Africa-Agriculture, Sudan School of ……. 461 Argentina-College, American, at Buenos – Airships in Christian Service …………. 787 Aires ………………………………… 235 – American Board Jubilee ………….•…•• 553 – Protestantism in ………………………. 783 – Angola Jubilee ………………………… 866 – Revolution in ………………………….. 860 – Augustana Mission ……………………. 309 – Self-support in ………………………… 860 – Blessing in the Congo, Spiritual ………. 631 Armenia-Sunday-school Beginnings ……… 388 – Books In Native Languages, Prizes for … 310 Asia-Difllcult Field, Most, Delavan L. Pier- – Boys' Ambitions, Shepherd ……………. 309 son ………………………………….. 653 – Cambodia's Golden Book, N. M. Cressman 439 Augsburg Confession, Anniversary of •…… 624 – Camp Meeting in Angola ………………. 384 Australia, Inland ………………………… 68 – Christianity or Communism? ………….. 75 – Reunion Proclamation …………………. 701 – Christians, Practical, in West …………. 146 Balkans, Cooperation In …………………. 543 – Church Missionary Society Results in …. 76 Baltic States and Poland ………………… 544 — Communism or Christianity? ………….. 75 Baptist Foreign Mission Society, Joseph C. – Congo Brought Nearer ………………… 222 Robbins ……………………………… 18 – Cooperation Approved, International ….. 310 – – – – Women's, Minnie V. Sandberg … 20 – – Needed in South ……………………. 553 – Home Mission Society, Charles L. White. 29 – Crawford's, Dan, Legacy ………………. 383 – Meeting in Cleveland, Northern ……….. 634 – Doctor for Natal, Native ……………… 632 – World Alliance, Semi-Jubilee …………. 549 – East …………………………………… 787 Belgium-Christian Missionary Church Mis- – F'etichists, Habbe ……………………… 309 sion ………………………………….. 466 – Flight Planned, Missionary ……………. 221 – Exhibit, Mission ………………………. 308 – French Guinea, New Church in ……….. 552 Beloved of Siva, Erdmann D. Beynon ……. 738 – Hartzell Memorial Hospital Plans …….. 146 Bethlehem's Church of the Nativity, Nancy – Inquirers Held Baok ………………….. 788 Virginia Austen …………………….. 926 – lsoko Country, Missions in ……………. 462 Bible-Cambodia's Golden Book, N. M. – Isolated in Central, by a Missionary in Cressman ……………………………. 439 Rhodesia …………………………….. 350 – Did, What One ………………………… 703 – Jeanes Schools ………………………… 787 – Distribution in 1928 ……………………. 30 – Kabylia, Mission Work in …………….. 337 – Eliot's, John …………………………… 65 – – Missionaries to ……………………… 339 – Institute Colportage Association Report .. 225 – Languages, Suppressing Native ……….. 221 – Luzzi's Translation Into Italian ………. 597 – Life in, Missionary, by a Missionary …. 350 – Memorization Contest …………………. 384 – Livingstone, Links with ………………. 553 – New Needs for the Old Book, George Wm. – Madigas Revival ………………………. 787 Brown ……………………………….. 362 – Magna Charta for …………………….. 461 – Society, Work of American, George Wm. – Medical Missions, Why? Florence New- Brown ……………………………….. 362 berry Gribble ………………………… 440 – Study, Systematic …………………….. 68 – – Training for Blacks ………………… 310 – There It Stands: Responsive Reading .. 849 – Mission, East ………………………….. 147 Bibles for Battleships of Japan ………….. 73 – Missionaries on Donkeys ………………. 339 Books, About Religions, Arthur J. Brown .. 429 – Missionary Boats in …………………… 951 – Best Mission Study ……………………. 49 – Missions, General Smuts on …………… 367 – for Children and Young People Listed '" 558 – Negro Missionaries in …………………. 631 – – Readers' Course on Cause and Cure of – Nyasa Mission ………………………… 221 War ………………………………. 776 – Portuguese Colonies, Missions in ………. 222 – on Caribbean Neighbors ………………. 516 – Problems of the Black Continent ………. 310 – – China ………………………………. 125 – Religious Liberty In ………………….. 461 – – India, List of ……………………. 289 750 – – Missions for Young People …………. .' 375 – Remembrances in ……………………… 384 – – Religion, Increasing, Interest in, Arthur – Restrictions in Nigeria and East ………. 631 – Scientists Visit Moravian Station …….. 951 J. Brown ………………………….. 103 – Smuts, General, on Missions ………….. 367 – Summer Reading List …………………. 618 – Student Conference, Bantu ……………. 712 Boy Scouts' Anniversary …………………. 153 – Successful Union in Sierra Leone ……… 951 Braille, Transcribing …………………….. 707 – Sudan, Changes in Western, R. S. Rose- Brazil-Aviation in ………………………. 22 – Bible, Thirst for ……………………….. 465 berry ………………………………… 661) – Converts and the Bible, Blind …………. 465 – Suggestion From, Beautiful …………… 520 – Diamond Miners' Mission ……………… 235 – Swelled Heads, for Reducing ………….. 712 – Evangelism in …………………………. 465 – Foundations, Building …………………. 155 – Union Organized ………………………. 383 – Women in Uganda, Position of ……….. 711 – Instituto Christao …………………….. 550 – Zambesi Industrial Mission …………. , .. 145 – Sunday-school Union ………………….. 636 African Missionary Speaks of His Work …. 865 – Workers' Institutes ……………………. 155 – Y. W. C. A. in ………………………… 636 Agreements Necessary to Church Union? What ………………………………… 836 British Missionary Societies in Conference, H. W. Peet ………………………….. 602 Alaska-Experiences, Missionary …………. 789 – Hardships for Missionaries in ………… 789 Buddhism and Christianity, Reform ……… 151 – in France and England ……………….. 544 – Observations on Christian Work in, Herbert Booth Smith ……………………. 35 Buddhist Activity ………………………… 391 – Temple in London …………………….. 65 – School Clubs ………………………….. 869 Bulgarian Students' Plight ………………. 382 Algiers, Moslem, D. L. Pierson ………….. 167 Burma-Conference, Missionary ………….. 393 – Christian Endeavorers ………………… 306 America and the Chinese Famine, T. A. – Siam and Malaya, Seen and Heard in, Bisson ………………………………. 583 Delavan L. Pierson …………………. 753 – Missionary From, First, Otis Carey …… 42 Burmans Support Orphanage …………….. 156 American Board Missions, Significant Events in, W. E. Strong and E. W. Riggs…… 11 Butler, Smedley, on Missionaries ………… 419 American Indian, Books on ………………. 294 Call to Service …………………………… 387 – – Dictionary, Pueblo ………………….. 312 – What Constitutes a Missionary, Samuel M. Zwemer ………………………….. 435 – – Education, What Might Have Been and What Stm May Be, F. B. Riggs …… 284 Canada-Bible Memorization Contest …….. 384 – Bilingual Preachers, Call for …………. 311 – – National Indian Association Jubilee – Geese, MJs.sJonary WJld ……………….. 866 – Peace Movement in, Helen M. Strachan .. 777 Address, Hugh L. Scott …………… 281 – Prohibition and Women, Mrs. R. G. Ding- – – Revivals .. . .. .. .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. .. .. .. … 869 man ………………………………….. 855 – – Turtle Mountain, Hugh L. Scott ……. 281 – – Statistics …………………………… 857 – – with the ……………………………. 59 – youth at Toronto Convention on Reli- Andrews, C. F. .. …………………………. 628 gious Education ……………………… 790 Arabia and Iraq, Travel Letter from Dela- van L. Pierson ………………………. 325 Cancer with Knowledge, Fight, Mrs. Ella H. – Medical Missions ………………………. 544 Rigney ………………………………. 676 Page Page Center, Religion of the Christian, Charles A. China-Tradition Questioned •…………….. 625 Brooks …………………………….•.. 499 – Transition, Christian Movement in ……• 390 – War, High Cost of …………………….. 469 Ceylon-"Adoptlon" In ………………….•• 472 – Yale-in- ………………………………. 949 – Children's Week ••…………………….. 156 – Yenching University, Opening of, J. – Slavery in …………………………….. 472 – Work Among Incurables, Colombo …….. 392 Leighton Stuart ……………………… 98 – Youth In ………………………………. 306 China's Woe ……………………………… 862 Chautauqua, Missions at …………………. 539 Chinese Christians on Anti-Christian Move- Child Labor, Sunday …………•…………. 152 ment, George H. Trull ………………. 664 Chile Honors Mission Institution ………… 307 – Farmers Survey Facts ………………… 861 – Lutherans in ………………………….. 708 – Flock to Manchuria …………………… 703 – Santiago College ………………………. 235 – How Reds Prayed for …………………. 949 China and India, Chaos In ………………. 527 – Living Expenses ………………………. 861 – Anti-Christian Movement, Benefits of …. 547 – President Is Baptized as Christian ……. 949 – – – – Chinese Christian on …………. 664 – Puzzle: Glimpses of a Nation In Trans- – – – Sentiment in …………………….. 366 formation, Delavan L. Pierson ………. 811 – Anti-Foreign Feeling? Are Missionaries – Reds Behead Women Missionaries …….. 933 Responsible for ………………………. 130 – Women Are Doing, What Ting Shu Ching – Banditry ……………………………..•. 233 and, Katharine E. Vaughn …………… 56 – Bible Class in Shantung ………………. 625 Christ of the American Road, Charles L. – Books on ………………………………. 125 Goodell ……………………………… 31 – Brigands Active in Interior …………… 316 Christian Endeavor Berlin Meeting ………. 783 – Centenary of American' Protestant Mis- – – In U. S……………………………… 623 sions In, Kenneth S. Latourette ……… 912 Christianity, Mott Finds World Open to …. 622 – Chaos in ………………………………. 128 Christmas Message, A, Arthur J. Brown …. 885 – Chaplin Memorial Boat ……………….. 64 Church and the Masses ………………….. 841 – Cheng, C. Y. . …………………………. 780 – Criticisms of the ………………………. 763 – Chengtu ……… " ……………… " …. " 863 – Missionary Society and Lambeth Confer- – Child Welfare in ………………………• 316 ence …………………………………. 716 – – – Incorporated ……………….. , ….. 469 – – – London Congress of ……………… 792 – Christian Council Five-Year Program … 316 – of My Dreams, John M. Moore ………… (:18 Cities in Mission Fields, Big …………….. 683 – – Schools Forbidden to Exhibit Christian Literature .. " … , …………………. 949 Clark, Sidney, Missionary Enthusiast ……. 862 – – Literature 'society, Forty Years of the 470 College of Christian Education, Chicago .•.. 70 – – Movement Figures ………………….. 148 Colleges, Problem of Denominational …….. 682 – Christianity Despite Reds and Bandits … 862 Conference for Outgoing Missionaries ……. 605 – Clark Bonds …………………………… 862 – Naval …………………………………. 288 – Cold Wave Takes Toll ………………… 316 – – Memorial to ………………………… 303 – Colleges in Nanking, Two Christian …… 704 – of Orthodox Churches ………………… 314 – Convention, "Nourish Soul" …………… 65 – – Theological Seminaries, A. L. Warn- – Covenant, Church of Christ …•.•…•….. 317 shuis and S. M. Cavert …………… 123 – Ding, LI Mel, Stili Active ……………… 547 – on Cause and Cure of War, Fifth …….. 301 – Drouth-Resistant Grain and Famine Re- – Religious Press ……………………….. 224 lief ………………………………….. 148 Conferences. Interdenominational Mission- – Education, Mass ………………………. 548 ary, 1930 …………………………….. 203 – – Program for Higher ………………… 548 – Successful, Summer …………………… 858 – Factory, Christian …………………….. 548 Confucius, Rival, of S. H. Chester ……….. 600 – Family "Rich" with $100 a Year ………. 861 Congregational Council, International ……. 623 – Famine …………………………. 445,705,779 Congregationalism at Bournemouth, World, – – and America, T. A. Bisson ………….. 583 Fred B. Smith ………………………. 835 – – In Hunan …………………………… 862 Contributions, Adventist …………………. 386 – – Over Wide Area ……………………. 233 – Declined? W. C. Coleman ……………. 526 – – Relief ………………………………. 126 – – Why Have Missionary. A Symposium – Farmers Colonize, Chekiang …………… 547 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245,365 – General Visits Mission ………………… 626 Convention on Religious Education in To- – Health Work in West …………………. 699 – Home Missions ………………………… 234 ronto, Youth at ……………………… 790 – Hospital, William Porter ……………… 625 Cooperating in the West Indies, Samuel G. – Institute at Tsinanfu ………………….. 779 – Kidnapped Missionaries ……………….. 233 Inman ……………………………….. 509 – Lobenzeller Mission Grows ……………. 149 Cooperation in Christian Literature, A. L. – Methodist Bishops Gowdy and Wang Con- Warnshuis …………………………… 269 secrated ……………………………… 624 – – Ozarks ……………………………… 224 – Missionaries, Butler, Smedley, on ……… 419 – – Persia, Missionary ………………….. 635 – – in …………………………………… 390 Creed, Missionary ……………………….. 81 – – Wanted …………………………….. 626 Cuba-Public Works in ………………….. 784 – of 1929, Courtenay H. Fenn ……………. 85 Statistics …………………………………. 861 – Opinion, Further Steps Against ……….. 626 D. V. B. S. in Palestine ………………….. 63 – Opoortunities and Perils In, Henry T. Daily Vacation Bible Schools, International Hodgkin …………………………….. 92 Association …………………………… 859 – Peanuts Introduced by Missionary …….. 625 Daly, Sam, Saver of Little Black Souls, Lee – Pessimistic About ……………………… 767 – Population Problem …………………… 97 McCrae ……………………………… 518 – Prisoners, Cheer for …………………… 390 Day of Prayer Around the World, Visualiz- – Religion in Schools …………………… 233 – Religious Liberty Discussed …………… 469 ing the World ……………………….. 299 – – Status Since 1922 ……………………. 547 Deaths-A bel, Charles W …………………. 322 – Righteousness Loss Deplored ………….. 148 – Anderson, Charles P …………………… 242 – Roman Catholics in …………………… 779 – Andrew, George ……………………….. 402 – Sailing Peacefully on the Yangtze, George – Brockman, Frank M. ………………….. 3 – Brunhouse, Frederick C……. 2d cover, March H. Trull …….. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. . … 578 – Carter, George William ………………… 402 – Chamberlain. Mary Annesley ………….. 482 – Clark, Joseph ………………………….. 322 – School at Shuntefu, Girls' …………….. 780 – Const, William Henry ………………….. 82 – – New Public …………………………. 64 – Cooper. A. W ………………. 2d cover, March – Schools and Religion ………………….. 233 – Dale, Mary Bliss ………………………. 322 – – Registration of Christian, Frederick R. – Draper, Mrs. Walter …………………… 89.

Graves ……………………………. 818 – Eastman. Harriet N. .. ………………… 641 – Shantung. Heroic Service in ………….. 624 – Estey, Ethel M. .. ……………………… 322 – Slavery, Girl ………………………….. 148 – Ford. Katharine M. B. ………………… 799 – Slaves. Child ………………………….. 779 – Gauthey, Marie L. . ……….. 2d cover, March – Sun Yat Sen's Tomb, Exercises at …….. 704 – Harnam, Singh, Sir ……………………. 701 Page Page Deaths-Harrison, Mrs. Paul W. . ………… 482 Evangelism, Call to ………… " .. " ………. 444 – Heimburger, Mrs. Leroy F. ……………. 322 E-vents of 1929, Notable …………………… 6 – Henderson. James ……………………… 882 Events of 1929, Outstanding. A. L. Warnshuis 9 — Hurlbut, Jesse Lyman ………………… 799 "Every Day in Every Way," Frances L. Gar- – Johnson, Mrs. Luke …………………… 242 – Johnstone, Janet M……………………. 482 side ……………. " .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. … 595 – Kelley, George …………………………. 482 Faith and Order Committee Meet ………… 958 – Kennedy, Mrs. John S…………………. 666 Federal Council Execntive Committee An- – Kinney, Mary E-……………. 2d cover, March – Kinsolvlng, Lucien Lee ……. 2d cover, March nual Meeting, Charles Stelzle ………… 121 – Kugler, Anna S. .. …………………….. 799 "Fellowship of Prayer" ………………….. 312 – Kyle, Alice M. .. ……………………….. 641 Fifty Years, Veterans of ………………… 842 – Lawyer, Franklin Pierce ………………. 3 Foreign Mission Statistics ………………… 49 – Leverett, W. J ……………..2d cover March – – Study Number …………………… October – Lewis, Thomas …………………….. :…. 82 – Missions, Holy Spirit in, Arthur J. Brown 416 – – World Conditions Affecting, Ralph E. – Lowrie, James Walter ……… 2d cover, March – Manasseh, Antonius ……………………. 82 Dlffendorfer ……………………….. 893 – Matzat, William ………………………. 8()1 – – Year's Work of the Federation of – Ogden, James Clarence ……………….. : 3 Women's Boards of, Florence G. Tyler 899 – Partridge, Sidney Catlin ………………. 799 Forman, Charles, Tribute to, James J. Lucas 120 – Pedley, Hilton …………………………. 322 France-Buddhist Society in …………….. , 544 – Perry, Henry Thomas …………………. 322 – Changes in …………………………….. 309 – Pinson, Wm. WaShington ………………. 801 – Hospital, Mission ………………………. 66 – Riley, Edward Baxter …………………. 3 – – Work of South E·ast Mission ………… 224 – Scarlett, E. Yorke …………………….. 562 – McAll Mission …………………………. 610 – Schautller, Mrs. A. F ……… "…………. 47 – Protestant Foyer of Belleville, Paris ….. 544 – Schrag, Jonathan J. .. …………………. 8()1 – Seminary, Paris Protestant Theological … 544 – – – Theological ……………………….. 223 – Shipman, Herbert …….. " .. " …………. 402 – Woman Ordinated, First ……………….. 716 – SmIth, Mrs. Moses ……………….. " ….. 82 Friends Consider Union ……………. " ….. 275 – ~peicher, Jacob …………………………. 799 – Service Committee, American, Anna L. – pence, Frank H. ……………………… 82 – Spencer, Selden Palmer ……………….. 322 Curtis ……………………………….. 191 – Stevens, JohLl Egbert ………………….. 402 Friendship Bag, One ……………………… 144 – Stevenson, Marion Scott ………… " ….. 562 From New York to Cairo, Delavan L. Pierson 165 – Stubbs, John ………………………….. 801 Gairdner, Canon, of Cairo Memorial ……… 468 – Stubbs, Clifford …………………….. 562 641 Gandhi ……………………………………. 700 – Stucki, Jacob …………………………. .' 641 – Represent All India, Does? ……………. 935 – Thurber, Christopher ………………….. 482 Geese Missionary Wild …………………… 866 Germany-Call of Knights of St. John …… 620 – Uzaki, Kogoro …. " ………. "………… 402 – Mohammedans …………………………. 223 – Weinland, Wm. Henry ………………… : 322 – Moravian Meetings …………………….. 382 – White, Stanley …………… " …………. 242 – Religion in …………………………….. 874 – Wilson, Cynthia E. .. …….. " …………. 641 – Russian Refugees, Harboring …………. 382 – Wilson, William ………… " …………… 402 – Theologues Increasing …………………. 791 – Wyl!e, David Gourley ………………….. 799 Gifts for Religion Lead …………………… 782 Denommatlons Find Points of Agreement … 706 – Statistics for United States …………….. 782 Doctrine Necessary? Agreement on, Georg€ Gilbert Islands-Bible, Romance of ………. 874 Giving-See "Contributions." W. Richards …………………………. 838 – in 1929, Church ………………………… 469 Dutch East Indies ………………………… 875 – Rural U. S…………………………….. 462 Economy, Wrong …. " ……………………. 680 – Wanes, Protestant ……………….. " …. , 151 Ecumenical Council for Practical Cbristian- Great Britain-Dr. Mott's Conferences in …. 956 Greece-Athens School of Religion Graduates 308 ity …………………………………… 77 Guatemala-Bible in Cakchiquel ………….. 234 Education, International Council of ReligiOUS 705 – Vasquez, Marcelino, Paul Bnrgess ……… 116 – Me€ting, Religious …………………….. 384 – Volcanic Eruption ……………………… 117 – Youth and Missionary …………………. 139 Xaiti-Gonave Island Converted ……. :….. 68 F1ducational Commissions ………………… 230 – Gospel Mission ………………………… 236 Egypt-Drug Traffic ………………………. 388 – Tomorrow in, Charles S. Detweiler …….. 177 – EI Azhar, Modernizing ………………… 76 Harris, William Wade. of Liberia ………… 75 – Evangelical Church in …………………. 714 Hawaii-Easter in Honoluln, Warren B.

– Nile Mission Press Jubilee …………….. 461 Scanlon ………………………………. 349 – Protestants In …………………………. 871 – Methodists Extend Work in ……………. 70~ – Religious Freedom …………………….. 635 – Y. M. C. A. in Asslut …………………. 145 m – Missions in …………………………….. 958 Eliot's, John, Bible ……………………….. 65 Elmira College: Seventy-five Years of World Ha~k:: ~~:es w.r~~.:::::::::::::::::::::::::: Service, Esther Bowman …………….. 670 HIlI, John H., Missionary and Educator, E. E! Mundo Cristiano, Suspension of ………. 230 J. Cody " ………………….. " .. ,,",," 575 England-Buddhist Temple in London ……. 65 – Church Missionary Society London Con- History. Missionary-Colonial Missionary So- cieties and Their Work, Otis Cary …… 111 gress ………. "………………………. 792 – Lambeth Conference and C. M. S……… 716 Holy Spirit in Foreign Missions, Arthur J. – – – – South India ……………………. 765 Brown ……………………………….. 416 – – – Resolves …………….. " …………. 782 – Protest Against Russian Religious Perse- Home Mission Number …………… " …. " .July – Missionary-Standards for a New Day, cution ………………………………. " 308 – Unemployment ……………. " …………. 872 New, Muriel Day …. "" …. "" …. " …. 53 – Union, Methodist ………………………. 223 – – Work, Languages Used In …………… 492 English Missionary Notes …… " …………. 716 – Missions and Pentecost, William R. King 406 lilstonia-Women Together, Patriotism Pulls 620 – – Articles on ………………………….. 526 Europe-Churches, Help For ……………… 575 – – Congress of Church Leaders, Charles – Communism, Anti-Religions …………… 621 – Credit Association, Proposed Protestant " 716 Stelzle …………………………….. 833 – F.·conomic Conditions …………………… 792 – – – of North America ………………… 624 – Friends of Evangelical Christian Unity " 222 – – – Plans for .. " ……………………… 954 – Movements, New Evangelical ………….. 309 – – Council, Work of, Wm. R. King…….. 23 – Protestantism in, Harry Jeffs …………. 571 – – Glimpses of the Year in the Council of – TTnemployment ………………………… ; 621 Women for, Florence E. Quinlan ….. 896 – Unity, Friends of Evangelical Christian .. 222 – – Problems of, E. Graham Wilson …….. 493 – – Women in, Mrs. Orrin R . .Jndd …….. 486 – Youth of …………….. ", …. , ………… 872 – – Yesterdays In, William R. King' …….. 886 Hoppin. Jessie R., "Mother" of Marshall Islands ……………………………… , 546 Page Page How a College President Studied the Words India-Self-supporting Churches? Can Povof Christ …………………………….. 434 erty-Stricken Christians Develop, George Human Nature Be Changed? Can ………… 683 H. Trull …… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 74(1 Hungary, Religion in …………………….. 383 – Simon Commission Report …………. 675, 747 Hymn~See "Song." – Simon, Sir John, Reports on, Charles ~ ::Etern.al G?~: Whose Power Upholds" …. 529 Johnston …………………………….. 747 ~ Men III AIr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 296 – Swain, Clara A. . ………………………. 306 I Am the Mission Study Class ……………. 773 – Telegu Villages, National Missionary So- Iceland Parliament ……………………….. 546 ciety in ………………………………. 546 Income, Spiritual, M. A. McWilliams ……. 201 – Union Proposed in South, Arthur J. Brown 43 India and China, Chaos in ……………….. 527 – Unoccupied Field in ……………………. 546 ~ – Independence ……………………….. 229 – "Until" Meetings ………………………. 795 – Andrews, C. F. . ……………………….. 628 – What's Going On in Sub-Conscious, Emil – Appeal for Church of India, Burma and W. Menzel ……………………………. 745 Ceylon ……………………………….. 629 – Widows, Burning of ……………………. 471 – Bishop Timber in ………………………. 954 – Women, Education Compulsory for …….. 73 – Books on ……………………………. 289,750 – Women's Educational League………….. 74 – Building for Humanity ………………… 157 – Youth League ………………………….. 629 – Capital, New ………………………….. 794 Indian Version of 23d Psalm …………….. 892 – Caste System Curse, Example of ………. 795 Indians from the Rio Grande to Cape Horn, Thomas C. Moffett ……………………. 170 – Changing, What Is, Delavan L. Pierson .. …………………………………….521,585 – In the Americas, Facts on ……………… 783 – Chelliah, J. V., on ……………………… 701 Institute? What Is the Purpose of a Mis- – Child Marriage Bill ……………………. 156 sionary, J. H. P. Sailer ……..•….•.•• 455 International Congregational Council …….. 623 – Christ, Significant Force in, Paul J. – Missionary Council In 1929, A. L. Warn- Braisted ……………………………… 731 shuls …………………………………. 9 – Christian Influence on …………………. 701 – – Witnessing ………………………….• 870 Iraq and Arabia, Travel Letter from Delavan – Christianity a Faree Admitted …………. 305 L. Pierson …….• -••………… _. _. _•••… 325 – – Stands Third ………………………… 232 – Evangelism in Coffee Houses ………….. 464 – Christians Gather for Jattra …………… 870 – Independence, Treaty for ………………. 715 – Church Crisis, Village, C. H. Loehlin …. 736 – School for Girls ……………………….. 872 – – Story of a, W. B. Anderson ………… 726 Islamic Disintegration ……………………. 955 – Comparisons, .Some ……. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 545 Islands-Bali, Erdmann D. Beynon ………. 738 – Dehra Dun Girls' School ……………….. 232 – Boat, "John Williams V" ………………. 875 – Delhi, New Capital …………………….. 794 – Boats, Missionary ……………………… 875 – Education, Christian Higher …………… 393 – Convert and His Work ………………… 389 – – Mission, Arthur T. Mayhew …………. 732 – Devil's Isle, Grimmest Missionary Task .. 471 – Educational Commission to ……………. 700 – Kagawa in Loo Choo ………………….. 235 – – League of Women ……………..•…… 74 – Madeira ……………………………….. 471 – Rabaul Indentured Workers Have Church 702 – Forman Christian College Plans ……….. 954 – South Sea Youth Movement ……………. 546 – Gandhi …………………………………. 700 Italian, Bible Translated Into ……………. 597 – – and Indian Congress ………………… 231 Italy-Waldensian Church ………………66,467 – – Asks for Milk ……………………….. 231 – – Crown Prince Greets ………………… 622 – Government Problem …………………… 870 Japan and American Exlusion Act ……….. 70 – Harnam Singh, Sir …………………….. 701 – – Chosen, Movements in, John R. Ed- – Health Week in Chupra ……………….. 392 – Higginbottom, Sam, Decorated …………. 794 wards ……………….•………••••.•• 13 – Hindus and Pariahs Riot …………….. 545 – Anniversary of Missions, Seventieth …… 317 – Home Mission Society …………………. 157 – Bibles for Battleships of ………………. 73 – "Independenoe Day" …………………… 307 – Buddhist Activity …………………••…. 391 – Industrial Missionary Work ……………. 700 – Budget Cut Prevented …………………. 552 – Jones, Stanley, With, Paul J. Bralsted … 411 – Business Depression ……………………. 710 – Lambeth and South ……………………. 765 – Christianity, E.bisawa on ………………. 863 – Land oi Complexity, Delavan L. Pierson • 420 – – Reviewed ………………………..•…. 317 – Christianity's Seventieth Anniversary ….. 630 – Ludhiana Women's Christian Medical Center …………………………………… 231 – Church, Consecration of Beautiful …….. 709 – Lutheran Mission in ……………………. 74 – Commission on Higher Education ……… 950 – Lytton, Lord, on Missions in …………… 306 – Denton, Mary Florence, Honored •……… 864 – Madura Home Mission Society ……….•• 157 – Economic Facts from ………………….. 950 – Marriage Law, New ……………………. 869 – Gospel's Power ………………………… 226 – Martyn, Henry, School at Lahore ………. 794 – Growing Million a year ………………… 785 – Medical Survey ………………………… 305 – Hospital, St. Luke's International ……… 473 – – Women in …………………………… 306 – Kagawa Meetings ………………………. 710 – Methods Changing ……………………… 74 – Kagawa's Preaching …………………… 71 – Mission-or-Help to Older Churches … .472,545 – Kingdom of God Campaign, Wm. Axling . – Missionaries, Miss Mayo on ……………. 795 …………………………….. 72, 391, 551, 650 – – Praised .,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 871 – "Kingdom of God Weekly" …………….. 863 – Missions, Lord Lytton on ………………. 3oo – Lepers, Reaching ………………………. 71 – Moslem Activity ……………………….. 73 – Missions' Anniversary ………………….. 317 – Moslems Remain Loyal? Will ………… 795 – – Seventy Years' Growth ……………… 552 – "Mother India" Agitation Still Burning . 289 – Newspaper Evangelism …………….. 551,710 – Naldu, Mrs. Sarojini …………………… 629 – Oml Mission ……………………………. 227 – National Missionary Society …………… 393 – Research Institutes In China …………… 390 – – – – In Telegu Villages …………….. 546 – Rural Evangelization ………………….. 227 – Native Evangelical Society …………….. 157 – – Evangelizing, George P. Pierson ……. 645 – NawabganJ, Where Is ………………….. 546 – Seeding Sowing In ……………………… 473 – Officials Increase, Christian ………•….. 305 – Social Creed for ……………………….. 71 – Pariahs and Hindus Riot …………….•. 545 – Students, Christian E'ffort for ………….. 72 – Patients, Purdah ………………………. 231 – Tokyo, Growth of ………………………. 785 – Prayer, Call to …………………………• 725 – Transformation In a Factory ………….. 154 – Radium for Neyyoor Hospital ………….. 232 – Unemployment Insurance ………………. 629 – Rural Problems ……………………….. 545 – Unreached Millions ……………………. 226 – – Reconstruction In ………………….•. 947 – Vice on the Defensive ………………….. 473 – Santal Mission …………………………. 232 – "Sati" Not Yet Outlawed .•…………….. 471 – Women at Coronation ………………….. 630 – School Grant by Government, Mission …. 870 – – in International Affairs ……………… 473 – Workers, Relief for Night ……………… 227 Page Page Japanese Ethical Standards Compared with Marshall Isiands-Hoppin, Jessie R., "Moth- Christianity ………………………….. 391 er" of ………………………………… 546 – Pastor's Library ……………………….. 785 McAll Mission …………………………….. 610 – Road, Events on the, A. P. Hassell …….. 657 Medical Missions' Figures ………………… 230 Japan's Beneficence to China …………….. 390 – – Conference, Third Biennial, Edwin M. Jerusalem and the Temple ……………….. 314 – Bible, Toward Understanding tbe ……… 63 Dodd ………………………………. 356 Jewish Figures …………………………… 468 – – in Africa? Why, Florence Newberry Jews, Alliance of …………………………. 223 – Gospel for ……………………………… 76 Gribble ……………………………. 440 – Rural Trend of ………………………… 76 Meditation at Close of Day ……………….. 649 Jones, Stanley, in India, with, Paul J. Methodist Church in Mexico Organized, Braisted ……………………………… 411 Francis J. McConnell ………………… 820 Jugoslavia-"Minor!ty" Respected ……….. 65 Methodist Episcopal Church South, New – Reformation, to Commemorate ………… 383 Plan in, W. W. Pinson ………………. 14 Jugoslavian Church Stabilized ……………. 957 – – – Woman's Foreign Missionary Society Kennedy, Mrs. John S., Death of ………… 666 Koran Translated Into Turkish ………….. 791 Sixtieth Anniversary, Mrs. C. C. Peale 27 Korea and Japan, Movements in, John R. – – Home Missions and Church Extension, Edwards ……………………………… 13 Jay S. Stowell …………………….. 25 – Christian Activities ……………………. 786 Methods-"Absent Members' Meeting," Mrs. – – Progress ….. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 786 – College Fund Aided ……………………. 630 P. H. Austin …………………………. 941 – Farm Schools ………………………….. 392 – Africa-The Caribbeans and U. S., Clem- – Hospital, Tuberculosis …………………. 154 – Hostility Gives Way …………………… 552 entina Butler ………………………… 607 – Japan, Attitude Toward …………..•….. 710 – American Indian ………………………. 293 – Literature Society, Christian ……… .473, 864 – – – Girls, Helping American Girls to – Mission of a Mission …………………… 154 – Prayer Meetings, Daybreak ……………. 392 Understand, Helen M. Brickman ….. 292 – Significant Facts from …………………. 950 – – – Bringing Students Up-to-date on, – Tuberculosis, Checking ………………… 317 – – Sanatorium Recognized ……………… 630 Helen M. Brickman ……………….. 207 Kyle, Alice M.· ……………………………. 535 – Announcement, Telephone ……………… 55 Lands Where Women and God Are Veiled, – Assemblies, Florida Ohain of Missionary, Charles R. Watson …………………… 107 Mrs. Henry W. Peabody …………….. 369 Latin America-Awakening ………………. 948 – – Centennial of Bolivar ……………….. 948 – Bean Milk, How to Make ………………. 451 – – Evangelism in ………………………. 948 – Bible and Song Program Feature for – – Gift for Union College ………………. 946 – – Indian Facts ………………………… 783 Young People ………………………… 453 – – Spiritual Springtime in …………….. 62 – – What Is the …………………………. 613 Laymen's Inquiry Into Foreign Missions … 677 – Books Worth Having ………………….. 371 – Missionary Movement ………………….. 633 – "Cloud of Witnesses," How to Present.. 684, 844 Leadership Through Service, E. Stanley – Communion Service Around the World, Jones ………………………………… 640 Suurise ………………………………. 135 – Training, Joint Committee on, Sue Wed- – Devotional Service …………………….. 768 – Field Method, Pansy Griffin ……………. 844 dell ………………………………….. 636 – Finance and Personality ………………. 770 Lepers, Annual Report and Autumn Confer- – – Breakfasts Help, How, Homer L. Gleck- ence of American Mission to ………… : 932 ler ………………………………… 608 – Reaching Japanese …………………….. 71 – Friendship Venture Is Being Accom- Leprosy News ……………………………. 468 – Serum Found? …………………………. 549 plished, How …………………………. 610 Lewiscot League, James M. Smith ……….. 354 – Gifts, Country …………………………. 134 – – from Kindergartens, Day and High Liheria-New York State Colonization So- Ciety Aids Schools …………………… 711 Schools and Colleges ………………. 134 – Health and Baby Welfare Work, Public, – Sanitary Engineer for …………………. 788 Liberian Schools, To Aid ………………… 711 Elma T. Rosenberger ………………… 451 Liebenzeller Mission ……………………… 149 – – Center aud Day School Work ……….. 450 Life and Work Committee ……………….. 959 – – Poster Exhibit of Girls' Seoul Day Literature, Committee on Christian, Helen Schools, Ada Hall …………………. 452 B. Montgomery ………………………. 694 – India, Program on …………………….. , 530 – Cooperation in Christian, A. L. Warnshuis 269 – India's Children, Mother, Laura D. Witt – Developments in Christian …………….. 143 – Shipments of Christian ………………… 275 Soper ………………………………… 51 Living Beyond Our Spiritual Income, D. J. – International Relations Program ……… 697 – Islands, to Present Problems and Needs Fleming ……………………………… 45 of Four ………………………………. 689 London, Deputation of Women to Josephine – Life's Seven Stages, Nellie E;. Kuhns …. 940 Schain ……………………………….. 376 – Light Brigade Meetings, Summer Sugges- – Naval Conference ……………………… 446 tions for …………………………….. 528 Love Alone Recognizes, Toyohlko Kagawa .. 659 Lutheran Church-Augsburg Confession, An- – Mary and Martha Club ………………… 770 – Material for Mission Classes, to Collect .. 772 niversary …………………………….. 624 – Missionaries Sent Out During Sixty Years – Foreign Missions, American, George Drach 523 – – – Conferences . .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. … 385 Visualized ……………… : …………… 136 – Home Missions Council of America ……. 712 – Music ………………………………….. 213 – Radio Programs ……………………….. 952 – – for Sunday-school Missionary Program 296 Lutheranism, World-Wide ………………… 744 – Negro Race Relations Suggestions …….. 295 – "Patrons' Gift" Leaflet …………….. 132, 133 Lutherans in Chile ……………………….. 708 – Personality and Finance ……………….. 770 Madeira, Visit to, D. L. Pierson …………. 166 – Preparatory ……………………………. 131 Magazine. Suspension of Religious ………. 230 – Products Project ……………………….. 692 Malaya, Siam and Burma, Seen and Heard – Programs and Speeches, Suggestions for in, Delavan L. Pierson ………………. 753 Preparing .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. …. 296 Malaysia, Missionary Romance in, John R. – Relation of Christian to Denominational Denyes ……………………………….. 342 Organizations …. , … '" . .. .. .. .. …. ….. 51 Manchuria-Factory, Christian …………… 548 Manchurian Railway Benevolent …………. 64 – Retirement F'und, Patrons' Gift for ……. 131 Marriage, Bowie, W. Russell, on …………. 781 – School of Missions, Church ……………. 210 – Shut-Ins and Pick-Up Work, for, Flora Dell White …………………………… 297 – "Sixty, The" …………………………… 136 – Sunday Schools and Missions, Mrs. L. W.

Chapin …………………………….. 51, 447 – Tools Worth Having …………………… 371 – Volunteers, To Secure Young ………….. 373 – World Day of Prayer, Suggested Program, Mrs. S. S. Hough …………………….. 936 Mexican Indian Mission ………………….. 394 Page Page Mexican Presbyterian Church Comes of Age, Opium Suppression, Step Toward ……… 387,626 L. P. Van Slyke ……………………… 822 Organization Necessary? Is Agreement on Mexicans in U. S., What Do You Know Church, Edmund D. Soper ……………. 886 Orient, Under Our Flag in the, George H. About, Robert N. McLean ……………. 183 Mexico-Alcohol, Campaign Against ……… 394 Trull …………………………………. 805 – Education ……………………………… 860 – Friendship Bag in ……………………… 144 Orthodox Churches to Hold Conference …… 314 – – Exhibits …………………………….. 466 Pacific Relations, Institute of, Edward C. – Methodist Church, Independent ……….. 636 – – – Organized, Francis J. McConnell … . Carter ……………………………..163, 358 – Methodists Form Separate Body ……….. 708 – Peace Desired by …………………… 308 550 Palestine, Christians Ask British Not to Quit 955 – Schools. Government ………………….. .' 784 – D. V. B. S. in ………………………….. 63 – University of ………………………….. 784 Panama Canal Zone, Religion in …………. 63 Military Training in Education ………….. 619 Ministerial Relief ………………………… 387 Papua-Church Growth …………………… 236 Miracle, Moral. Sherwood Eddy ………… ;. 266 Mission Personnel Statistics …………… 549, 859 – Mission News ………………………….. 470 Mission Study Class, I Am the ……………. 773 – – 1930, Katharine V. Silverthorn ……… 455 – Up from Savagery in, Delavan L. Pierson 903 – – Technique, New, Clarence V. Howell … 758 Paraguay, Missions in ……………………. 550 Missionaries, Butler, Smedley, on ………… 419 Patagonia, Shepherds of ………………….. 307 – Leave on Consuls' Advice? Should …….. 763 Peac~Books for Readers' Course ………… 776 – Make Trouble for Their Governments? .. 206 – Eva Clark Waid Memorial Fund for Missionary and a Donkey, Elizabeth M. Lee 337 – from America, Further Light on First … 196 World ………………………………… 959 – First to Sail from America, Otis Carey .. 42 – Movement in Canada, Helen M. Strachan . 777 – Information and Missions …………….•. 525 – Studying ……………………………….. 790 – Review Publishing Co. Annual Meeting … 288 – Ultimately …………………………….. 619 – Service. Openings for ………………….. 313 .:…. World Alliance for …………………….. 230 – Statistics on the ……………………….. 549 Missions at Chautauqua …………………. 539 Pentecost, Charles R. Erdman ……………. 405 – Background Jor World Peace, Mrs. Schuy- – and Home Missions, William R. King …. 406 – Number ……………………………….June ler C. Woodhull ……………………… 929 Periodical Pay Its Way? Can a Religious .. 843 – Doing Good, Are Foreign, Sherwood Eddy 266 – World's Largest ……………………….. 387 Persia, Changes in ……………………….. 388 – World-Wide Task of …………………… 226 – Converts from Islam Sow ,seed ………… 464 Mohammedans, German ………………… .. 223 – Cooperation, Missionary ……………….. 635 – Russian ……………………………….. 223 – Education Advancing ………………….. 147 Moravian Meetings Planned ………………. 382 – Labor Conditions ………………………. 147 – Mission in Nicaragua, Paul de Schweinitz 15 – Literature, Christian …………………… 871 Mormon Centennial and Protestant Program, – Polygamy in, Bessie Allen Donaldson …. 142 – Reforms, Shah Starts ………………….. 314 Herbert W. Reherd …………………… 278 Persian Christians Evangelize Afghans …… 791 Mormonism and the Way Out, Ciaton S. Rice 273 – Saint …………………………………… 791 – Changing ………………………………. 313 – One Hundred Years of, E'dward Laird PersonalS-Abel, Charles W. ……………… 3 – Akazawa, Motozo ………………………. 561 Mills …………………………………. 917 – Bowen. A. J ……………………………. 721 Mormons, Preshyterian Church, U. S. A., – Brooks, Charles A. . ……………………. 482 – Carter, Wm. M…………….. 2d cover, March Work Among, Andrew J. Montgomery .. 26 – Chambers, William Nesbitt ……………. 8g2 Moslem Activity In India …………………. 73 – Chapman, John W …………………….. 721 – Cheng, Ching-Yi ……………………. 561, 780 – Lands-Women and God Veiled, Charles – Cousins. W. E …………………………. 401 R. Watson ……………………………. 107 – Creighton. Frank W ……………………. 882 – Denton, Mary Florence ………………… 864 Moslems-Bible Read by ………………….. 715 – de Schweinitz, Paul ……………………. 721 – Drach. George …………………………. 799 – of India Remain Loyal, Will …………… 795 – Edwards. John R ………………………. 82 "Mother India" Agitation Still Burning ….. 289 – Fisher. Frederick B. …………………… 561 Near East, American Board Mission in the . 147 – Fletcher, A. G………………………….. 82 – – College Endowment Fund ……………. 315 – Forbes, W. Cameron …………….. : …… 561 – – Conditions in, Robert E. Speer ……… 7 – Fowle, Charles Warren ………………… 82 – – Health Wagon in the ……………….. 714 – Franklin, James H …………………….. 322 – – New and Old in, Delavan L. Pierson … 258 – Gamewell, Frank D. . ……………….. 242, 721 – – Relief, The Great Work of the, What – Goodsell, Fred Field ……………………. 82 – Hawkes, James W ……………………… 482 Is to Follow? James L. Barton …… 972 – Haynes, George E. . ……………………. 482 – – Veteran Missionaries Retire ………… 872 – Hibbard, David S………………………. 627 "Necessity That Is Laid Upon Us," Hugh – Higginbottom, Sam …………………….. 794 – Hodgkin, Henry T ……………………… 242 Thomson Kerr ……………………….. 197 – Hopkins, Robert M. ……………………. 3 Negro-Atlanta University ……………….. 541 – Hunt. Henry A…………………………. 713 – Congregations, Chicago ………………… 832 – Johnson, F. Ernest …………………….. 322 – Death Rate Cut ………………………… 832 – Johnson, Nelson Trusler ……………….. 82 – Dillard University ……………………… 541 – Kagawa. Toyohiko …………………….. 882 – Education, Government Recognizes …….. 953 – Keller, Adolf …………………………… 782 – – Statistics ……………………………. 69 – Kerr, Hugh T ………………………….. 482 – Educators, Conf.erence of ………………. 225 – King. Mr. and Mrs. Noble C……………. 482 – Facts About, Striking ………………….. 832 – Laubach, Frank C……………. : ………. 794 – Salvaging Little Black Souls, Lee McCrae 518 – Leiper, Harry Smith ……………………. 482 – Spelled with Capital …………………… 463 – Lindquist, G. E. E. .. ………………….. 482 – Spingarn Medal Winner ……………….. 713 Negroes Honored for Distinguished Achieve- – Littell, S. H. .. …………… " .. " ………. 401 – Lobenstine, E. C. " …………………….. 561 ments ………………………………… 829 – MacKenzie, Wm. Douglas ……………… 402 New Gulnea-Unreached Tribe in …………. 67 – Marquis, John A. ………………………. 82 New Hebrides Synod ……………………… 67 – Mathews, Basil ………………………… 561 New Zealand Affairs ……………………… 547 – Morris, Samuel L ………………………. 242 Nicaragua, Moravian Mission in, Paul de – McAfee. Cleland B……………………… 562 Schweinitz ……………………………. 15 – McConnell, Francis J ………………….. 801 Nigeria, Open Doors in …………………… 865 – McKinney, A. H. ……………………….. 3 – Welfare Center in ……………………… 145 – McMillan, Homer ………………………. 561 – Newell, Dr. and Mrs. Horatio B……….. 864 Nile Mission Press Jubilee ……………….. 461 – Norcutt, Clara E ……………………….. 401 Ohio. Pioneer Mission in …………………. 953 – Patton, Cornelil's H. …………………… 82 "One Book for All People" ……………….. 958 Page Page Personals-Ritchie, John …………………. 3 Race Relations-Sunday ………………….. 77 – Roots, Bishop of Hankow ………………. 561 Readers' Course ………………………….. 946 – Simons, George A………………………. 242 Reconciliation Trips, Clarence V. Howell … 758 – Smith, William M. …………………….. 82 Reformed Church in America, Wm. I. Cham- – Strong, William E. .. ………………….. 799 berlain ………………………………. 2l – Warnshuis, A. L ………………………. 641 – – – – Celebrates …………………….. 868 _ White, Charles L …………………… 242,288 – – – the U. S., Allen R. Bartholomew… 17 – Wilson, E. Graham ……………………. 482 Retrospect ……………………………….. 934 – Wilson, Warren H …………………….. 721 Reunion, Anglican Bishop on ……………. 858 _ Yul, David ……………………………. 482 Rhodesia-Life In, Missionary, By a Mis- – Zwemer, Samuel M. .. ……………82, 799, 801 sionary ………………………………. 350 Peru, Nursing in …………………………. 234 Roman Catholics in China ………………. 779 – Revolution in …………………………. 861 Roumania-Baptisms …………………….. 873 Peruvian Spreads Gospel ………………… 62 – Church Auctions Treasures ……………. 873 Philippines-Bible Did, What One ……….. 703 Russell, James Solomon, Negro Educator, J. – Christian Work in the ………………… 153 J. Clopton …………………………… 668 – Education, Filipinos Gift to Religious …. 470 Russia-Anti-Religious Program …………. 150 – Eucharistic Congress ………………….. 315 – Appeal from …………………………… 149 – Evangelism, Foliow Up ……………….. 793 – Atheist University, First ………. ……… 66 – Free, Senate Committee Favors …….. 205,627 – Churches, Plea for ……………………. 467 – Independence ……………………….. 205, 627 – Education Compulsory ………………… 873 – Language for Mindanaos, Inventing …… 794 – Evangelical Activity ………………….. 67 – Lepers at Culion ……………………… 957 – Letters from ………………………….. 467 – Literature Society, Christian ………….. 389 – Lutheran Churches in …………………. 622 – Mission of St. Francis ………………… 389 – Mohammedans in ……………………… 223 – School Strike, Manila …………………. 628 – Niebuhr, Dr. Reinhold ………………… 956 _ Silliman Institute ……………… , ….627,702 – Persecution, Religious …………….. .445,793 – Sunday Schools Reorganized ………….. 315 – Religion, To Starve Out ………………. 223 – Under Our Flag in the Orient, George H. – Religious Persecution, Mas s Protest Trull ………………………………… 805 Against ……………………………… 308 – Union, Church ………………………… 115 – – Persecution …………………………. 874 – – Theologi.cal Seminary of the, Howard – World Alliance Discusses ……………… 859 W. Wlddoes ………………………. 437 Russians Risk Lives for Gospel ………….. 382 – United Church of Manila ………. , ……. 470 Sacraments Necessary? Agreement on, Wm. Pioneer Mission Agency ………………….. 77. Adams Brown ………………………… 839 Poem-Book, and Liberty, Emily Dickinson 619'/' Salvad,or, Conference, 111 ••••••••••••••••••••••• 155 – Books for Lands That Are Bookless …… 381" SalvatIOn Army JubIlee ……. , ………….. 634 – Choice, John Oxenham …….. : ………… 141 Samoa, In ……………………………….. 236 – He Loves Them All ……………………. 693 Santa Claus, Original ……………………. 214 – I Do It Unto Thee …………………….. 771 Santo Domingo Disaster …………………. 764 – Man Who Meant to Give, Howard W. Pope 772 Schaumer, Mrs. A. F., Death of ………….. 46 – New Year's Dreams, Alfred Noyes ……. 534 Scotland Assembly, Church of …………… 620 _ Petition, Elizabeth D. Richards ……….. 693 Seminaries, Conference of Theological, A. L. – Prayer, Edgar A. Guest ……………….. 295 ' S~rviWce,a r nOspheuniisn gasn df oSr . M;. ~avert ………… 123 _ Sonship ………. .. …….. .. .. ………. …. 59 / ………… 313 MIssIOnary =_ Thy Kingdom Come, John Oxenham ….. 849'. Sla~, Burma and M~laya, Seen and Heard _ Thi y Will Be Done,Jox hn 0 enham . . , .. '" 849//' _ M1i1s1s, ioDneslaIyna,n ALm. ePrI!cearsno, n H…..R…..H…..P..r.I,'n.c.e. 753 W nds of Life …………………………. 214 • Damrong …………………………….. 331 Wonderful Work ………………………. 55/ Siberia-Nomads …………………………. 858 Poland and BaltIC States .. , ……………… 544 Singh, Sadhu Sundar, Not Found ………… 157 – Assembly, General Church ……………. 873 Smuts, General, on Missions in Africa ….. 367 – Protestants In …………………………. 544 Social Work First Church Conference on Porto Rico, Famine in …… ,…………….. 62 Amelia Wyckoff …………………….. : 598 – – Financial Success, Notable …………. 708 Societies, Some Very Respectable Missionary, – – Roosev<:lt on …….. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. … 708 Otis Cary ……………………….. ; …. 111 – – School 111 San Juan, New …………… 155 Solomon Islander Enters Ministry ……….. 546 – – Self-support Plans ………………….. 550 South America-Air Mail and Missions ….. 466 – – Tourists Sought …………………….. 784 – and Central American Indian …………. 551 – – Union and Progress in, C. Manly Mor- Spain and Portugal, Protestantism in '" .149, 466 ton ………"……………………….. 188 – _ – Religions in ……………………… 466 Portugal and Spa1ll-Protestants of ……… 466 Stockholm Continuation Committee ………. 77 – – – Religions in …… ' ……………….. 466 Sudan, Education in ……………………… 75 Prayer, A, Robert Norwood ……………… 674 _ Interior Mission ………………………. 221 – and Young People, World Day of …….. 853 Swain, Clara A., First Woman Physician to – Around the World, Visualizing the World India ………………………………… 306 Day of ………………………………. 299 Swiss Government Honors Adolf Keller ….. 782 – Call to ~aster …………………………. 241 Syria-American Junior College for Women – FellowshIP of …………………………. 312 in Beirut ……………………………. 790 – for All Missionaries , ………………….. 287 – Home Economics in …………………… 228 – – Peace and Unity of the Church …….. 304 – Hospital for Mental Diseases, Lebanon .. 228 – India's Call to …………………………. 725 – Republic, As a ………………………… 635 – Week of ………………………………. 41 – Sidon Girls' School …. ' ……………….. 228 Presbyterian Church in the U. S,' Egbert W. – Women, College for …………………… 790 Smith ………………………………… 16 – Women, Freedom for …………………. 543 – – – U. S. A. Among Mormons, Andrew J. – Youth Problem ……………………….. 464 MontgOl,nery ………………………. 26 Tibet and Dr. Shelton, Regarding ……….. 481 – Home MIssIOnary Work by Women, M. Today in the Land of YesterdaY,Delavan L. Katharine Bennett …………………… 24 Pierson ………………………………. 325 – Training School of Chicago …………… 70 Travel Experience, Varieties of, Delavan L. Ppres~ 9~nfer, Editors o~ Religious ……….. 605 rohlbltIOn and CanadIan Women, Mrs. R. Pierson ………………………………. 753 Tnrkey and Greece Abandon War Holidays . 955 G, Dingman …………………………. 855 – Change, Rapid ………………………… 464 – – High Schools " .. " ………………….. 541 – Child Welfare Week .. , ………………… ~43 – in Canada, Statistics ………………….. 857 – Decade In ……………. ' ………………. 388 – Law, Upholding the, Bertha Grummel – Ignorance. Turk on Their …………….. 792 Judd …………….. " ………………… 458 – Mission Changes Name ……………….. 147 Protestantism In Europe, Harry Jeffs …… 571 – Movies, Against American …………….. 634 – – France, Ch. Merle O"Aubigne ………. 574 – Religious Reforms …………………….. 146 Race Relations-At Work for Christian, – Restrictions on Christian Teaching Lifted 228 Katherine Gardner …………………… 942 – youth In ………………………………. 543 Page Page Turkish Health Society ………..•…•.•…•• 543 United States-Needy Field, .J. T. Larsen .. 364 Ukrania, Evangelical Movements in ……… 620 – – Negro Gains In Decade …………….. 386 – National Movement •……………….•…. 149 – – – Life, Facts on ……………………. 632 Under the Red and Black Star, Anna L. – – – Missionaries in Africa •………….. 631 – – Orientals in ………………………… 790 Curtis ………..•……••……………… 191 – – Peril of Country and Remedy, by Cool- Unevangelized Territory ………………. 551,706 Union, Friends Consider …………………. 225 idge ………………………………. 485 – in South India, Proposed, Arthur J. – – Personal Work in New England Fac- Brown ., ……………………………..• 43 tory Town .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. •• •.. . … 762 – What Agreements Are Necessary to – – Presbyterian Church Centennial, Pitts- Church ………………………………. 836 burgh …………………………….. 70 United States-Atlanta University ……….. 541 – – Prohibition and High Schools ………• 541 – – Campaign, Five-Year Religious ……. , 311 – – Rural Church Volunteers, Warren H. – – Children Donate to Missions ………•• 633 – – China Institute in ………………….. 542 Wilson ……………………………. 590 – – Chinese Gift to American Church …•.. 463 – – – Life, Sunday, Coe Hayne ………… 347 – – Churches in New York City ………..• 789 – – – Missionaries, School for ………….. 634 – – – Losing Ground? ………………….• 444 – – – Pastors, Schools for ……………… 380 – – Cities, Growth of Small ……………. 541 – – St. Paul's Normal and Industrial – – City, Church in the, Changing ……… 614 – – Conference of Negro Educators …….. 225 School, J. J. Clopton ……………… 668 – – – on Foreign Language Church Find- – – Social Work, Protestant ……………• 788 – – Spanish-Speaking Area Needy Field, J. ings ………………………………. 774 – – – Religious Press ….. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 224 T. Larsen …………………………. 364 – – Congregational Missionary Program for – – Support, Plans for Missionary ……… 542 – – Unemployment ……………………… 604 South ……………………………… 541 – – – and Economy …………………….. 680 – – Cooperation In Ozarks ……………… 224 – – Union Settlement Work, Springfield, – – Cooperative Adult Education …•. ; ….. 952 – – Council of Churches ………………..• 385 Ohio ………………………………. 220 – – Crime and Religious Training ……… 5n – – University of California for Pacific – – – Prevention ……………………….. 224 – – Criminals and Christian Homes …….. 462 Coast Countries …………………… 789 – – Denominations Find Points of Agree- – – Visitation Evangelism ………………. 542 – – Women's Church and Missionary Fed- ment …•………………………….. 7G6 – – Education Five-Year Program, Reli- eration, Omaha …………………… 219 – – Y. W. C. A. and the Negro Girl …….. 712 gious ……………………………… 311 – – Youth Challenge to Church …………. 867 – – – Meeting, International Council of Unity in U. S., Christian ………………… 385 Unoccupied Fields-Solemn Facts ……… 551,706 Religious . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 384 Uruguay-Junior Church, First ………….. 465 – – Elmira College Missionaries, Esther Vasquez, Marcelino, Quiche Indian, Paul Bowman ………………………….. 670 Burgess ……………………………… 116 – – Evangelism, Call to ………………… 444 Venezuela-Conference in Caracas ……••… 394 – – Factory Conditions, F. L. Garside ….. 595 Virgin Islands Economic Condition ………. 627 – – Federation of Women's Church So- Waid, Eva Clark, Memorial ……………… 535 Waldensians, Faithful Witness of the, Ter- cieties, Providence ……………… " 218 – – Filipino Center, Stockton, California .. 220 tius van Dyke ……………………….. 565 – – – Students' Conference …………….. 69 Wanted-Books for a Mission Library …… 157 – – Filipinos, Evangelism Among ……•… 386 War, Cause and Cure of-Readers' Course .. 776 – – Foreign-Language Church ………….. 774 West Indies, Cooperating in the, Samuel G. – – Foreigners, Rules for Treatment of … 225 – – Gifts for Religion Lead …………….. 782 Inman ……………………………….. 509 – – Hinduism, Foothold for …………….. 311 – – Old Forts and New Forces in the, Ed- – – – Invades New York ………………. 463 – – Home Missions Congress ……………. 624 ward A. Odell …………………….. 512 – – – – Council of Montana …………… 69 Will, Philanthropist's ……………………. 707 – – Hospital Evangelism ……………….. 632 Woman's Baptist Foreign Mission Society, – – Illiteracy Decreasing ……………….. 462 – – Interdenominational Missionary Coun- Minnie V. Sandberg …………………. 20 – Foreign Missionary Society, M. E., Six- cil, Des Moines …………………… 218 – – Interracial Cooperation Campaign ….. 312 tieth Anniversary, Mrs. C. C. Peale …. 27 – – – Relations, Constructive Work in Mis- Women in Home Missions, Mrs. Orrin. R.

sions and, J. J. Clopton …………… 668 Judd …………………………………. 486 – – Japanese Christians ……………….. 463 – Presbyterian Home Missionary, Work of, – – – Eager for Bible ………………….. 70 – – – Methodists Gain …………………. 68 M. Katharine Bennett ……………….. 24 – – – Students' Christian Association, – Boards of Foreign Missions, Annual Meet- George Iwashita ………………….. 673 ing ………………………………….. 215 – – Labor, Church in South to Study …… 713 Working Conditions Here and Abroad, – – Lutheran Student Association ………. 542 – – Lynching, States with No…………… 543 Girls', Frances L. Garside …………… 595 – – Military Training in Education ……. 619 World Acquaintance Travel, Inc…………. 176 – – Missionaries Needed, Home …………. 714 – Alliance Discusses Russia …………….. 859 – – Mountaineers, Christian Literature for 69 – – for Friendship ……………………… 229 – – – Lewlscot League, James M. Smith .. 355 – – – Peace ……………………………. 230 – – Mountains of Virginia, Gospel in …… 868 – Friendship, To Cultivate ……………… 549 Yenching University, Opening of, J. Leigh- ton Stuart …………………………. 98 Y. M. C. A. in Assiut …………………….. 145 Youth and Missionary Education ………… 139 – – Missions, Sue Weddell ……………… 824 Zambesi Industrial Mission, Growth of …… 145 BOOKS REVIEWED Page Page Africa and Some World Problems, J. C. Century of Anglo-Catholicism, Herbert L. Smuts ……………………………….. 879 Stewart ……………………………… 876 African Horizons, John Cudahy …………. 880 Chain'-Reference Bible, Frank C. Thompson 106 Africa's Dome of Mystery, Eva Stuart-Watt 798 Changino; Sudan, W. W. Cash ……………. 558 Altar Stairs, Joseph Fort Newton ………… 105 China Christian Year Book, Editor, Frank Behold the Man, Friedrich Rlttelmeyer …. . Rawlinson …………………………… 395 …………………………..3d cover, August China, the Land and the People, L. H. Dud- Between the Americas, Jay S. Stowell …… 517 Between the Desert and the Sea, I. Lilias ley Buxton …………………………… 474 China Year Book, Editor, H. G. W. Wood- Trotter …… .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. … 559 Book to Know, James McConaughy ………. 80 head …………………………………. 395 China's Crucifixion, Putnam Weale ………. 963 Page Page Chri~t Stronger than Caste, A, E. Rasamann 963 On the Threshold of the Century, H. T. and E. W. Marshall ……………………… 557 Christian God, Richard Roberts ………….. 104 Our Caribbean Neighbors, George W. Hin- Christian Reunion in Ecumenical Light. man …………………………………. 516 Francis J. Hall ……………………… 398 Out of Yesterday Into Tomorrow, Mary Christian's Alternative to War, Leyton Jenness ………………………………. 752 Richards …… .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. … 318 Church at Work. Clarence H. Benson …….. 400 Padre in Paraguay, C. E. Newbould ……… 718 Patteson of Melanesia, Frank H. L. Paton .. 474 Crawford, Dan, Missionary and Pioneer in Pentecost, a Renewal of Power, B. H. Bruner 430 Central Africa, G. L. Tilsley ………… 399 Philippines Past and Present, Dean C. Democracy and Mission Education in Korea, Worcester ……………………………. 717 James E,. Fisher …………………….. 160 Pilgrimage to Palestine, Harry Emerson Directory of Christian Missions in India, Fosdick ……………………………… 239 Burma and Ceylon …………………… 318 Do You Like Our Country? Rnth 1. Seabury 752 Pinnacles of Personality, Henry Clay Risner 477 Pioneering on Social Frontiers, Graham Drama of Christianity, S. L. Morris ……… 160 Taylor ………………………………. 796 Earth the Theatre of the Universe, Clarence H. Benson …………………………… 318 Pioneers of Goodwill, Harold B. Hunting … 554 Place of Jesus Christ In Modern Christian- East Africa, Pamphlet, Church Missionary ity, John Baillie …………………….. 431 Society ……………. . .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. … 558 Porto Rican Neighbors, Charles W. St. Joh~ 617 Eastern Colour of the Bible, George H. Power from on High, John Greenfield …… 80 Scherer …………………………….. 719 Educating for Peace, E. M. and J. L. Lobin- ~~:y~~, w. rF' Orc~a.rd ………………….. 960 gier …………………………………. 720 y ,Ma 0 PUglISI ……………………. 105 Emerging Christian Faith, Justin W. Nixon 433 Praying Hyde, E. G. Carre ………………. 876 Praying to Change Things, Chas. E. Robin- Evangelicals at Havana, Samuel Guy Inman 397 Preses.on~n …………………………3d cover July Evangelism, Herman C. Weber .. 3d cover, March Crisis in Religion, W. E. Orchard '.. 478 Fighters for Freedom, Austin K. de Blois .. 430 Freedom, Welthy Honsinger Fisher ……… 558 PrImitive Church, B. H. Streeter ………… 78 Procession of the Gods, Gaius Glenn Atkins 962 Freeman of Shanghai, F. Booth Tucker ….. 158 Prohibition and Prosperity, Samuel Crowther 557 Fullerton, Robert Stewart: A Memoir, J. J. Lucas ……………………………….. 878 Publicity for Social Work, Mary S. Routzahn and Evart G. Routzahn ……………… 320 Gandhi, Mahatma-His Own Story, Edited Quest of the Nepal Border, Gordon M. Guln- by C. F. Andrews ……………………. 961 Golden Sparrow, Irene Mason Harper …… 752 ness …………………………………. 878 Gospel Among the Red Men, Robert Hamil- Red Men on the Big Horn, Coe Hayne ……. 719 Religion In Soviet Russia, Wm. Chauncey ton ………………………………….. 399 Emhardt …………………………….. 4.4 Highways and Byways In Japan, Lois John- son Erickson ………………………… 158 Resident Orientals on the American Pacific Coast, Eliot G. Mears ………………… 240 H!story of Alaska. Henry W. Clark ……… 718 Resurrection of Jesus Christ William Ban- History of Protestant Missions in Korea, L. George Palk …………………………. 637 . croft Hill …………… .'……………… 796 RIse of the Missionary Spirit in America Humanity Uprooted, Maurice Hindus …….. 640 1790-1815, Oliver Wendell EUsbree …… : 638 Immortabllity, an Old Man's Conclusions, S. D. McConnell …………………….. 7!t7 Romance Road: Life and Work in Northern Africa, Georgiana B. Such …………… 639 In the Land of the Santals, Mathew A. Saviours of Mankind, Wm. R. Van Buskirk 554 Pederson …………………………….. 719 In the Waiting Isles, Charles S. Detweiler . 719 Science and the Unseen World Arthur S Eddington …… '" ………. :3d cover March India in Bondage. Jabez T. Sunderland ….. 797 Sheep of the Outer Fold, F. H. Towne .. : …. 558 India In 1928-29. John Coatman …………… 752 India Looks to Her Future, Oscar M. Buck . 720 Significance of Personality, Richard M. Som';t~~~;g i~~~~''': R~b~~t' E."Sj,~·~~·:::::::: ~n India on the March, Alden H. Clark ……… 558 Indian Islam. Murray T. Titus …………… 798 Son of China, Sheng-Cheng ……………… 877 Indians of South America and the Gospel ~nlendor Of God, Honore Willsie Morrow …. 319 Alex. R. Hay ……………………….. : 240 International Aspect of the Missionary ~~ar ff j!,dia, Isabel Brown Rose ……….. 752 eep elm, W. Wyeth Willard …………. 159 Movement in China, Chao-Kwang Wu . 876 Stock, Eugene, Georgina A. Gollock ……….. 160 Jesus Road and the Red Man, G. E. E. Lin- quist ………………………………… 557 Story of David Livingstone, W. P. Living'- stone ………………………………… 396 Johnson of the Mohawks, Arthur Pound and Tales of Modern Missionaries, Jeanne M. Richard E. Day ……………………… 555 Jungle Portraits. Delia J. Akeley ………… 717 Serrell ……………………………. '" 559 Taylor, Hudson, the Man Who Believed God Korea Calls, lois H. Swinehart ………….. 638 Marshall Broomhall ………………… ' 476 Korean Church and the Nevius Methods Ten Thousand Miles with a Dog Sled, Hud: Ch,,;rles Allen Clark ………………… : 961 Lady Missionaries in Many Lands, E. R. Pit- son Stuck …………………………… 962 Tiger! Tiger! Life Story of John B. Gough' man ……… …. ………. ….. . 719 Life and Letters of Sir Henry joh;{~to;,· Honore W. Morrow ………………… : 554 TorreJ;, Reuben Archer, Robert Harkness .. 557 . Alex. Johnston ……………………… : 877 Tour. m the Near East, James Hunter …… 558 T,Ife of Phillins Brooks. William Lawrence . 96~ Long, Crooked River. Albert B. Kerr …….. ~gg TrailIng the ConqUistadores, Samuel G. In- man …………………………………. 516 J ,ove the Law of Life. Toyohlko Kagawa … 396 Trotter, Lilias, Blanche A. F. Pigott …….. 639 Ma..~c Doll of Roumanla, Queen Marie …… 560 Tro,users of Taffeta, Margaret Wilson ……. 399 Makmg of a Great Race, Edward A. Steiner 159 TWlCe Born Ministers, S. M. Shoemaker … .

Meyer. F. B., A. Chester Mann ………….. 475 …………………………….3d cover March Missionary Education of Intermediates Two Pioneers: Life Sketches of Thoinas . :vrabel G. Kerschner ……..3d cover, August and Mark Botham of the C. 1. M., Mrs. Mark .Botham ……………………….. 719 MISSIOn. Our Mission, M. E. Dodd ……….. 558 Under SyrIan Stars, Princess Rahme Haldar 560 MOd'iin Pilgrim's Progress, De Witt Lincoln U. S. Looks at Its Churches, C. Luther Fry 878 elton ……………………………….. 80 Ways of I Sharing with Other Faiths, Daniel Mor!<an. G. Campbell-The Man and His J. F eml ng ……… ……….. . .H.u.l.b.~. ~t'" 555 Message, John Harries ……………… 960 W est Indian Tr easures. Winifred 517 Wha~sl Right with the Rural Church? R. i;. Mor~on Way. Claton S. Rice …………. ~ .. 556 Morrison. Robert. of China. W. J. Townsend 158 e ton ……. .. ………. . …. . William.s. Roger, Prophet 'an d" Nature of the Physical World, A. S. Edding- ·:i;lo·~~~~· ton ………………………………….. 237 EmIly E'aston …………….. je.r.u..s.ai~;;" ' 879 New Catholic Dictionary …………………. 238 ld Missions as Seen from Wor New Era In Missions, Homer E. Wark …… 560 Milton J. Staull'er …………3d cover April New Testament In the Light of Modern Re- world:r hB.est Religious Quotations, James search, Adolph Deissmann …………… 104 GI crist Lawson …………………….. 961

The Missionary Review of the World — March 1930

A STREET IN THE MOSLEM QTTARTER OF

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156 Fifth Avenue, New York Please mention THE MISSIO~AnY REVIEW OJ! THE VORJ.D in writJng to advertisers. NEW BOOKS Outfitting the Teacher of Religion. James Leprosy in the Far East. Robert G. Coch- H. Snowden. $2. Macmillan. New rane. 67 pp. 28. W orId Dominion Press. London. 192t1. York. 1929.

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218 pp. $1.75. Macmillan. New 28. 6d. Pickering & Inglis. London.

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Unpaid Ministry. James S. Mather. 24 A New Era in Missions. Homer E. Wark. op. 25 cents. "Robert" Press. Co- 187 pp. $1.50. Revell. New York. lombo. 1929. 1929.

Under Syrian Stars. Princess Rahme The Bible from the Beginning. P. Mor- Haidar. 192 pp. $2. Revell. New rison Simms. 318 pp. $2.50. Mac- York. 1929. millan. New York.

"Whosoever Shall Receive …… " Mary Behold the Man. Friederich Rittelmeyer. Warburton Booth. 152 pp. 38. 6d. 167 pp. $1.75. Macmillan. New York. Marshall, Morgan & Scott. London. 1929. Altar Stairs. Joseph Fort Newton. $1.25. Macmillan. New York. Taking the' Offensive-Report of the China Inland Mission-1929. 36 pp. AlIiance of the Reformed Churches Hold- London. 1929. ing the Presbyterian System. Edited by W. H. Hamilton. 424 pp. The Al- Annual Reprt of the Board of Foreil<n liance. Edinburgh. Missions of the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A.-1929. 347 pp. New York. Cruden's Concordance. Alexander Cruden. 1929. 756 pp. $2. Revell. New York.

Annual Report of the American Friends The Christian Content of the Bible. George Board of Foreign Missions and the Board Holley Gilbert. 207 pp. $2. Mac- of Home Missions-1928-1929. 111 pp. millan. New York. Richmond, Ind. 1929. The Long Crooked River. Albert Board- Report of the Annual Missionary Conven- man Kerr. 235 pp. $2. Knicker- tion of the Cumberland Presbyterian bocker Press. New York. Church-1929. Princeton, Ky. 1929. Lutherisches Missionsjahrbuch. W. Gerber. American Bible Society Annual Report- M2.50. H. G. Wallbaum. Leipzig. 1929. 383 pp. New York. 1929. Palestine Today and Tomorrow. A Gen- Annual Report-Board of Foreign Mis- tile's Survey of Zionism. John Haynes sions, Methodist Episcopal Church, Holmes. 271 pp. $2.50. Macmillan. 1928. 526 pp. New York. 1929. New York.

The Effect of the World War upon the Prohibition and Prosperity. Samuel Commerce and Industry of lanan. Kaku- Crowther. 81 pp. $1. John Day Co. jiro Yamasaki and Gotaro Ogawa.' 345 New York. 00. $4. Yale University Press. New Haven. 1929. Stories of Neighborhood House Work in a Great City. Florence H. Towne. 96 The Christian God. Richard Roberts. 151 pp. $1. Revell. New York. po. $1.50. Macmillan. New York. 1929. The Saviors of Mankind. W. R. Van Bus- kirk. 531 pp. $3. Macmillan. New The Christian's Attitude to War. Levton York. Richards. 157 TlP. $1.50. Macmillan. New York. 1929. Souls Set Free. Various authors. 60 cents. B. I. C. Assn. Chicago. Evangelism-A Graphic burvey. Herman C. Weber. 208 pp. $2. Macmillan. Tiger! Tiger! The Life of John B. New York. 1929. Gough. Honore W. Morrow. 296 pp. $2.50. Wm. Morrow Co. New York. East Africa-Africa and the East Series. 64 pD. ls. Church Missionary Society. White and Black in Africa. A Critical London. 1929. Examination of the Rhodes Lectures of General Smuts. J. H. Oldham. 74 The Earth, the Theater of the Universe. pp. 75 cents. Longmans, Green and Clarence H. Benson. 140 pp. $1.50. Co. New York. B. 1. C. Assn. Chicago. 1929. THE MISSIONARY DR. SHOTWELL REPORTS ON THE REVIEW OF THE WORLD INSTITUTE OF P AOIFIO RELATIONS DEL.H.l'i L. PIfGItSOX, Editor "The circumstances under which the .:rt'I'UITH .J. BnowN. IiJdltQr jor 1930 Im;titute of Pacific Relations met in Kyoto (October 28-November 9) were CONTENTS-MARCH, 1930 about as unfavorable as possible," de- I"I~(L"TI:-;PIE(,E·-~IoSLl<'M QTT.RTER Page clared Professor James T. Shotwell, in ~-J.(;IERS OF an address at a luncheon gathering of the Federal Council's Commission on LI~TTERS ~'Rmi ABROAD–~O, 1 International Justice and Goodwill. • • . . • • • • • . • . • • DELAVAN L. PIERSO~ 165 He described the tension between INDlA~S FRmi THE RIO GRANDE TO China and Japan over the situation in CAllE HORN .. ,'l'HOJ.IAS C. )IO}~FE'l'T 170 Manchuria, where intermittent ~r was then going on. The delegates 'l'mIOlUWW IX .H ~HAAR]I.T ESIS.." """""" 177 183 from China on their way to the con- … DETWEILER 188 ference had spent some days in Man- 191 churia. There they had absorbed sur- WH.I.'1' DO YOU KNOW ABOUT THE mises, suspicions and fears that have ~IEXICAKS: … ROBWRT K. lIIcLEAN 196 been developing in that boiling cal- 197 UNIOK AND PROGRESS IN PORTO 201 dron for a generation. They were RICO … , .•.•.• C. MANLY MORTON 203 convinced that no peaceful solution was possible. The Japanese had the G~DER THE RED AND BI,ACK STAR " .ANl'A L. CURTIS delicate position of hosts and also of defenders of their policies. FGRTHER I,IGHT ON THE FIRST lIIISSIONARY FROM AMERICA … The problems to be discussed at the Institute were "extraterritoriality," ••.•.•…••..• PAL'I. DESCHWEINITZ "concessions" and "Manchuria." In- stead, however, of attacking, these "THE NECESSITY THAT IS LAID thorny issues immediately, the Insti- UPON US"' … HUGH THOll SON KERR tute spent two days discussing what the "machine-age" is doing to culture, OUR SPIRITUAL IKCOME ………•. both Occidental and Oriental. Forget- · , ………… ,M. A. MCWILLIHfS ting their natural alignments, the delegates discussed these relatively ir- TOPICS OF THE TIMES . . . . . . . . . . . relevant issues and, before they knew MOVING LETTER FRO~l A VETERAN it, they began to appreciate each other's ability, knowledge, and skill. MISSIONARY By the time the delegates came to the ATLANTIC CITY CONFERENCES problems of the Far East, they were appreciative friends. VISIT OF GENERAL SMUTS THE WORLD COURT The conference then took up China's }1~ILIPINO INDEPENDENCE demand for complete restoration of Do M[SSIO~ ARIES MAJ{E TROUBLE FOR sovereignty over foreigners and the rl'HEIR GOYERNME:STS'1 recovery of all the concessions. A plan was gradually ,threshed out regarding ~IE1'HODS FOR WORKERS . . . . . . . . . . • .••. EDITED BY MRS. F. I. .JOHNSON 207 extraterritoriality which apparently has actually been adopted by the wO)rAN'R FOREIG~ ~ISSION BUL- Chinese government in announcing the LE1~IN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . end of extraterritorial rights as of • •••• EDITED BY FLOREXCE G. 'l'YLER 215 January 1, 1930.

WOleAN'S HO~E llISfHON BULLETIN Professor Shotwell regarded the •• • EDITED IlY Fr.OREXCE E. QUlxr.. lN 218 conference as extraordinarily success- ful. It showed how unofficial discus- WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK … ,…….. 221 sions of the most difficult and irritat- ing controversies by men who have BOOKS WORTH READING ………. 237 both goodwill and exact information TFJH~IR.-'$2.50 a p'ar. ($2.00 In clubs of can find ways for their genuine solutiVf'.) Fnr('igt fm:z:tn~e, 50 f."Pl1tS. Rhlglro copies, tion, The very fact that no resolutions 25 cents. PuhliNlu·(I nwnthly. Copyrighted, were adopted and no formal state- 1£)30, by MrssJON ..RY REVIEW PUBLISHING COM- ments of results were made added P.NY, IKe. AU rights reserv('d. greatly to the liberty of discussion and the ability of the Institute to reach a TIlE MIflSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING general consensus of opinion. COlIPANY. I~c.

ROHERT E. SPEER, Pre81df"t '''ILI.IAM I, CHA:r.UHCRI4AIN, Vice-Pre8ident DELAVAN L. PlERSON, .Qecretarll V,].TER II CDOUlUI.L~ Tf'ea8u1'6t'

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LIII, No.3 March

LETTERS FROM ABROAD-NO. 1 From New York to Cairo BY DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor O NE of the steamer letters ful Gulf Stream and, while fierce that 'bade us God-speed as gales beat up the waters of the North Atlantic, our good ship we sailed away on the Ca- sailed under clear skies and nadian Pacific liner, Empress of through calm seas on its southern Altstralia, was from my friend and experienced world traveler, Dr. course. There was no good excuse William T. Ellis. With his words for experiencing maritime misery.

of friendly farewell he offered this With a staff of twenty cruise direcwise counsel: "Seek out the hard tors and entertainers, and with and dangerous experiences, for some 540 ships' officers and crew, therein will be found your real re- stewards and stewardesses to care wards. And, by all that you hope for every conceivable and unexto gain from the trip, I adjure you pected want of 320 passengers, to take time to sit and soak in situ- there was still less opportunity to ations new and important. A week experience hardship and little for of leisurely living in a lonely mis- independent self-service. What a sion station may do more for you great contrast to the crossing of than the sight seeing of six cities." the Atlantic by the intrepid discov- On a tour de luxe, such as is ar- erer, Christopher Columbus, or the ranged in a modern cruising steam- brave Pilgrim fathers and mothers. .er, it would be difficult to find ways Only 41 sailors cared for the Mayto follow this sage advice, or the flower and its 102 passengers. apostolic injunction to "endure That vessel was less than one per hardness as a good soldier of Jesus cent of the tonnage of the Empress Christ." Sailing out of New York of Australia, so that if our crew harbor on a bleak December day, and passenger list were of equal the young blizzard that enveloped proportion we would have on board land and sea was more than com- over 14,000 people instead of less pensated for by the warmth and than 900. The Pilgrims were cheer of farewell messages and re- obliged to carry food for their membrances. three months' passage over a course that now occupies only six days. The chilling storms of New York were soon tempered by the wonder- They had no electricity and no ice.

165

They were dependent upon the fully and quaintly picturesque. fickle wind to waft them to their Semitropical and temperate zone port, whereas this great ship is flowers grow in profusion and the equipped with oil burning engines imported Scotch heather sometimes that send us forward at twenty attains a height of 30 feet. The knots an hour. Our food stores in- rocky southern slopes of the mounclude 140,000 lbs. of meat, over tains are diligently cultivated by 60,000 lbs. of turkey, chicken and the Portuguese inhabitants who game, and 95,000 eggs, as well as own small "upright farms" on vegetables and other food. slopes that have an angle of 30 to 45 degrees. On the innumerable Lectures, musicals and other en- terraces they grow sugar cane, tertainments, dances and masquer- grapes for wine, vegetables and the ades, deck games and contests are flowers which they love. The water added to the well organized sight- for irrigation is brought through seeing tours to fill up the time. miles of conduits from the high- Travels clubs, camera clubs and oth- lands in the center of the island, er groups are organized on lines of where the rainfall is heavy. An kindred interests. The daily news enchanting panorama of these sheet, called the Em-Press, gives mountains, homes and terraced world-wide a'nd ship news, and de- gardens unfolds as we rise by the lightful illustrated Memograms de- cog railroad to the Terreriro da scribe tours and points of interest. Lucta chalet 3,285 feet above the sea. A novel and thrilling experi- The passengers and crew repre- ence is the three mile coast down sent a cross section of humanity to Funchal on dry land tobaggans with many characteristics and va- with greased runners, through the ried interests. The cruise members narrow lanes paved with cobble include a former president of Yale, stones, at the rate of from five to many retired business men, pro- fifteen miles an hour! fessors and teachers enjoying a sabbatical year, many widows, one Madeira is not only an island of or two counts and baronets-but no rare beauty but it is a land of inclergymen. There is a great op- teresting contrasts. In general the portunity for a director of missions men look like bandits, but are inon such a cruise in order that the dustrious and honest. Many of the passengers may return home with younger women have Madonna some reliable information on the faces and many of the children are Christian work that is being car- like cherubs, though some of the ried on in the countries visited. latter go about in rags and are im- The excellent cruise lecturers would portunate street venders or begbe happy to give such information gars. The narrow streets of Funwere it permitted, but the fear of chal run between plain, forbidding propaganda makes the cruise directors cautious. stone walls, but behind the gates are beautiful gardens and a no less A Visit to Madeira beautiful home life.

These volcanic islands, rising out Among the contrasts of the city of the Eastern Atlantic, lift their are the ancient and slow bullock heads some 6,200 feet into the sled:.; now competing with the modclouds. The main island, on which ern, rapid moving, honking autois the chief city, Funchal, is beauti- mobiles. The leisurely hammock is

LETTERS FROM ABROAD-NO. 1

still used for travel over mountain trades as barbel·s, cobblers, tin- paths and passes where, there are smiths, wine merchants, etc. Meat no roads, but the funicular railroad hangs exposed in the butcher built up the mountainside repre- shops; fish lie in baskets on the sents modern progress. stone pavements; the bakers and Perhaps the greatest and most confectioners' wares are unprostriking contrast is between the tected by glass windows or cases. hard working peasants who have A hole in the wall may be a rescultivated the rocky mountain ter- taurant, a gaming-room, or a brothraces, the endlessly toiling women el. Men sit and play cards, or who wash their clothes in the beds dominoes, or throw dice. Many of of the streams or in the wayside the women are veiled up to their gutters on the one hand, and on the eyes, but others are unveiled and, other the gay and careless nightly visitors to the casino, where they dance, drink Madeira wine, and gamble at roulette or bacarat. It is the workers, not the gamblers, who are characteristic of Madeira -as it is the workers and not the bandits who represent New York.

There are many fine Roman Catholic churches in Madeira, and the Protestants witness to their faith in the work of the Church of England, Scotch Presbyterians and Wesleyan Methodists.

In Moslem Algiers CHILDREN OF AT-GlEnS The contrast is great between the if they are over thirteen, that in Madeira garden mountainside and the Moslem quarter means but one the dark and dirty streets of the sad thing. Moslem hillside in Algiers. The former reveals what man can do In the midst of such surroundby industry to overcome natural ings it is not surprising that there obstacles. The latter shows the ef- is every evidence of degradation. fee,til of superstition, ignorance and Fortunately, the Mohammedans sin in a city district that has not are required to whitewash their progressed in 500 years. houses inside and out three times a year-on the prophet's birthday The Moslem quarter of Algiers and on two other holy days. It is is typical of the worst side of Mos- to be hoped that one of these days lem life and religion. The streets was near at hand at the time of our are so narrow that in some cases visit. There was sore need of disoutstretched hands can touch both infectants and fumigation. walls at once; the upper stories overhang so as almost to meet. The Our hearts went out to the chilcenter and walls of the street are dren who grow up in such surtoo often not much better than open roundings. They are apparently toilets. In the midst of this darkness and filth, merchants ply their

undisciplined and enjoy to the full the making of images and "like- the "modern" privilege of "self- nesses of anything in heaven above expression." The only apparent or in the earth beneath." The re- limit to this freedom is that in fam- ligion of the vast multitudes of ilies of the poor they are obliged Moslems is a matter of form, and to work. We saw little children of even the prohibitiDn against strDng four or five carrying pails of water drink and the injunction to pray weighing as much as themselves. five times a day are largely neg- Other children of seven or eight lected among the city dwellers. No were employed for long hours in call to prayer is sounded frDm the rug factories, skilfully tying knots muezzin tDwer.

as fast as their tiny hands per- But there is another side to the mitted. No wonder that the illit- life among Moslems in Algiers.

eracy of Arabs in Algiers is 80 % This is seen in Christian contacts and influences. In addition to French Roman Catholic work, which has turned some of the old mosques into Christian churches, there is a work conducted by the North Africa Mission, the Church of England and others. The Al- gierian Mission Band, founded over twenty years ago by Miss 1. Lilias Trotter, of England, has now about thirty missionaries scattered in some fifteen stations in Algeria.

They go out among the desert tribes, distributing Christian lit- erature to those who gladly buy, teaching the children, visiting A:, .RAB READING TO THE ILLITER- women in their homes, and talking ATES IN ALGIERS to men on the roads and byways.

and far exceeds that of the desert Last year they distributed in this tribes. way over 15,000 pieces Df litera- Religiously the Arabs are back- ture, thus scattering good seed, ward and have not advanced in the some of which fell on good ground knowledge of God since the days of and bDre fruit. In a suburb of Al- Mohammed. Their superstition is giers, the band has headquarters shown in the use of "Fatimas" in a house formerly the headquar- hands, painted or molded on the ters of pirates. How different its sides of their houses to ward off present use-not as a place for evil; or in the painting of their gathering and enjoying ill-gotten walls blue for good luck; or in the spDils, but as a home where Chris- fear they still show of the evil eye tian missionaries may be prepared of the camera, at the sight of which for service or may recuperate from women shouted and fled precipi- overwork, and from which "leaves tately. The coming of the cinema of healing" are sent out all over has, however, largely done away Algieria-500 miles east and west with the objection to pictures, so and 1,000 miles to the south. Work long prohibited by their law as to is also done among women and chil-

LETTERS FROM ABROAD~NO. 1

dren in the Kasbah or Arab quar- and was promised his liberty if he ter of Algiers. The best work is would return to Islam. If not, he through the personal contacts with was to be buried in the cement the missionaries who live Christ in foundations. Geronimo refused. the midst of these people. The vast His hands were tied behind him majority of them are to be pitied and he was cast alive into the founrather thaI) blamed, for they fol- dations, where cement was poured low blindly their blind leaders and over him. A monk, named Haedo, know not a better way-certainly recorded the story in 1612, and not the Way, and they cannot know when the fort was demolished in except someone point them to Him. 1853, the bones of Geronimo were dlscovered in the mould formed by In the museum of Mustapha Su- his body. A plaster cast was made perieur in Algiers, there is a per- CAST OF GERONIMO, THE MARTYR OF ALGIERS petual evidence of the power of showing the hands bound with Christ to transform these Moslems ropes behind the martyr's back and and give them courage to endure a face of strength and courage. persecution. A young Arab, who This cast is now in the museum at heard the Gospel from a Spanish Algiers, and in the Church of San priest, was converted and took the Philippe – a mosque transformed name of Geronimo. He was taken into a church-rest the bones of to Spain to be educated, but in 1569 Geronimo with an inscription dehe was captured by the Moors and scribing his martyrdom. He has brought to Algiers. Every effort been canonized by the Roman was made to induce him by prom- Church, but he was already a saint ises and threats to renounce his and an heir to the Kingdom of allegience to Christ, but without Heaven. Do we not need more of avail. He was taken to the place the stalwart faith and fortitude of where they were building "The Geronimo in the Church of Christ Fort of the Twenty-four Hours," today?

FROM THE RIO GRANDE

CAPE HORN BY THE REV. THOMAS C. MOFFETT, D.D.

Secretary oj the Inafan Mi.'J8'ion oj Amcrtc(, ana oj the Cmnmissiou on the Indians oj Lntin America T HE statements of this article is easily classified, but what about regarding the Indians from persons of mixed blood? Mexico to Patagonia have In view of the increasing interbeen compiled from various est which students of the American sources, to answer five questions Indians have been showing in the and reveal the neglect and the need question, Dr. Warren K. Mooreof evangelization and Christian head, a member of the Board of nurture for the millions of the na- Indian Commissioners and director tive American race who are with- of the department of anthropology out missionaries. As a preliminary of Philips Academy, addressed a observation the statement of the questionnaire to leading scientists Rev. W. F. Jordan may be noted.: and other interested persons, and "There is an' America, largely un- the subject was discussed at a meetknown to the rest of the world, ing of the American Antropological almost totally undeveloped, un- Association. Dr. Moorehead comtouched and unaided by modern bined a summary of the replies Christian and philanthropic effort. with his own observations as fol- A section of this in Central and lows: South America constitutes 'the greatest stretch of unevangelized By the designation "Indian" is meant territory in the world.' Here the a male or female of native American Indian descent whose father and mothpopulation is overwhelmingly In-' er were native, aboriginal Americans dian, and can be fittingly termed in whom the quantum of Indian blood 'Indian America.''' predominated. Further, as Indians un- Who Are Indians 1 der this designation are included such persons in whom the quantum of blood The classification of racial is one-half Indian and one-half white, groups, where blood of various that is the father of white descent and strains has mingled for genera- mother of Indian descent, or vice vertions, is difficult. In 1519, Cortez sa. Also are included under the desigand his Spanish Conquistadores nation "Indian" persons of one-fourth reached Mexico, and into the em- quantum of Indian blood.

pire of Montezuma, soon over- For the purposes of the present thrown and devasted, there was study of the populations of Latin introduced the Caucasian race, des- America, the classification of only tined to become socially, politically those individuals of predominantly and racially dominant over the Indian blood is accepted as mark- populations of the red race. The ing the line of distinction between question "What constitutes an In- redmen and other races.

dian?" has been variously viewed by scientists and pUblicists. A per- How Many Indians in Latin America?

son whose native American Indian The twenty republics occupying blood is one hundred per cent pure the vast area of the Western Hem- 170 isphere south of the United States as follows: Quechuas 3,000,000; have a population of approximately Aymaras 500,000; Colombian civilized 80,000,000. Estimates of the Indians 500,000.

"Statesman's Year Book" and oth- "There is no need to describe the er investigations authorize a classi- admirable features that characterfication which it does not claim to ized the Inca Empire, which exbe accurate but which serves the tended over almost all of the purpose of division into groups for upland territory, embraced in the ready reference as follows: White three republics of Bolivia, Peru and population, 18,000,000; Indian, Ecuador, or the inferior but still 17,000,000; Negro, 6,000,000; advanced culture of the Chibchas mixed White and Indian, 30,000,- .in Colombia. Prescott, in his "Con- 000; mixed White and Negro, 8,- quest of Peru," Sir Clements Mark- 000,000; mixed Negro and Indian, ham in "The Incas of Peru," and 700,000; East Indian, Japanese Thomas A. Joyce in "South Ameriand Chinese, 300,000. From an- can Arch::eology," considered these other source, one-third of the pop- people worthy subjects for their ulation of Latin America has been masterly sketches. The Indians of estimated as Indian. Dr. S. G. In- those celebrated days were by no man, in "Problems in Pan Ameri- means exterminated by the Spancanism," says: "Although the proc- ish. They survive, probably in reess of assimilation by the Iberian duced numbers and certainly under conquerors in the early days went great oppression, but still capable on rapidly, resulting in the large of the achievements that distin- I'uestizo population which consti- guished their ancestors. Among tutes the bulk of the population to- the humble peons on the Andean day, it must be said that this farms, and particularly among the process seems now to have prac- still existing independent commutically ceased, leaving intact an nities that occupy the more isolated aggregate community of some 18,- sections of the plateau, there live 000,000 of pure Indians, scattered many worthy sons of once distin- from Mexico to Patagonia." guished families. Though sub- Of the Highland Indians of the merged beneath the surface of the Andean Republics, Dr. George M. present social and political life and McBride, reports: deprived of almost every oppor- In Bolivia, 50 per cent of the in- tunity for economic, intellectual or habitants are classed as of pure Indian spiritual advancement, these rugblood, while 27 per cent are of mixed ged mountain people preserve race with the Indian character pre- many of the physical, mental and dominating. (Census of 1900.) In moral qualities which in centuries Peru, out of a total popUlation of 4,- past made them dominate the des- 500,000, the Indians number about 2,- tinies of the entire continent. This 500,000 or over 55 per cent. In is peculiarly true of the Aymara Ecuador, there are practically no per- and the Quechua tribes, the most sons of pure Spanish blood and the numerous as well as the most pure Indians are estimated as about promising of these Indians.

1,600,000. In Colombia, about to pel' "The Lowland Indiam; of South America, in contrast with the highcent of the population iR of pure In- land peoples, are largely uncivildian blood. Though no exact statistics ized. Due in great part to their are available as to the exact numbers, the major divisions are probably about

unfavorable geographical environ- ally, note the following statements ment, they have never developed in from those who have carefully the social scale but remain, as they studied this situation. Dr. McBride have been for ages past, in a state writes of the highland Indians: of greater or less savagery. They are divided into multitudinous These Indians are neither educated small tribes, sometimes loosely fed- nor Christianized. For four centuries erated but generally at more or less they have lived side by side with Euroopen warfare one with the other peans. Yet the vast majority of them and each speaking a distinct lan- can neither read nor write, speak no guage or dialect. The Araucanians languages but their own, are familiar of south central Chile are far above with only a few empty symbols of other lowland tribes, possessing a Christianity and worship, as of old, fairly high degree of civilization, the spirits that, to their simple fancy, with agricultUre and stock raising inhabit fields, rocks and mountain well advanced and an organized peaks. As to their needs, very little patriarchal government. has been done for them in any way, either by missionary agencies or by "Any calculation of the numbers the governments in whose jurisdiction of lowland Indians in South Amer- they live. In general, they have been ica can be only rough estimates. entirely neglected and left in their No census of the republics con- primitive state, to become the prey of cerned attempts to state their In- a slowly advancing wave of civilization dian population of the forests in in which Christianity has played no more than general terms. The fol- part. They have thus been entirely lowing is an estimate based upon at the mercy of traders, industrialists the most reliable data available: and slave raiders. Brazil 1,300,000; Peru 1,000,000; Ecuador 700,000; Bolivia 400,000 ; Mr. Kenneth Grubb, says: Venezuela 300,000; Chile 102,000; Colombia 100,000; Paraguay 50,- There are few missions today which 000; Argentina 30,000; The Gui- work in the indigenous tongue of the anas 40,000, total, 4,022,000. Indians. If you speak to an Indian in Spanish or Portuguese, you do not "In Mexico and Central America make much progress; but if you talk as in South America, exact enumer- his own language you get along much ation of the Indians is entirely better. Perhaps the problem of the lacking. The following figures are civilized Indian is much the same as only approximately correct but are that of the uncivilized. The difficulties based upon the most accurate sta- that have prevented the progress of tistics available: Mexico 5,224,- Protestant missions among the Indians 500; Guatemala 1,202,150; Salva- are due first of all to the nature of the dor 234,650; Nicaragua 180,000; country. Communication is difficult. Panama 91,000; Honduras 60,000; British Honduras 20,000; Costa Secondly, the linguistic diversity Rica, 3,500; total 7,015,800." which obtains among the tribes. Some years ago I published a map present- Why Is This Called the Continent of ing a linguistic classification of 350 Neglect and of Opportunity? different tribes speaking different dia- lects, not all of course radically dif- Regarding the neglect of these ferent; they belonged to about 50 well millions of Indians and their needs marked different linguistic stocks. religiously, socially and education- Another questkm is that of idenli- fir-atioll. The habitat of the llldiall~ is a serious matter; the identification of his tribal identity is another one, for without that, one cannot know in what

INDIANS FROM THE RIO GRANDE TO CAPE HORN

language to approach the Indians or er deeply-seated evils are scarcely more whether it is a language whose lin- than pl'Ojected. The most effective of guistic affiliations make it worth while these is probably the Aborigines Proto commence work among them. tection Society of Peru. This is doing a great work in defending the rights We are not in the position in the of the Indians. The activity so far Amazon basin to start any vast has almost wholly been in opposition schemes of education among the 350 to abuse of the Indian, rather than in uncivilized tribes of Latin America, positive effort to raise him above the but spiritual attainments are to be de- position which permits of the abuse. sired. This is especially the case be- The whole force is Peruvian except a cause the Indian of the interior is young German-Peruvian secretary. entirely in a savage state. For instance, in June, 1925, I was offered In an article entitled "Indigehuman flesh among the Indians. nous Simplicity," William F. Jones Among the same tribe I was finally wrote in The Atlantic Monthly for robbed of all my possessions and August, 1928, this characterizadothes and turned out naked in the tion: forests. You can readily see under those circumstances that one's life is In the casual habits and mental beat stake sometimes. havior of the peoples indigenous to them, the true understanding of the Dr. John A. Mackay, speaking Latin American countries may be on "Adventures in the Mind of found. Observers often make the mis- Latin America," gives a suggestive take of looking for complex psychologi- cal processes and oblique explanations point of view: in these people. The secret of un- derstanding them rests in simplicity, South America is probably the only not complexity. Their ideas, their great region of the world in which thoughts, their actions, are childishly there is no deep-rooted racial preju- simple. Like children they give free dice. It is today the world's largest vent to their emotions, like children Lrucible of race fusion. No race is their amusement is generally at the excluded on ethnic grounds from en- expense of someone else's discomfort; tering this crucible. Where exclusion like most children, they are inherently exists it is due entirely to economic honest, but sometimes put their own reasons. There is fundamentally no trivial gratification foremost at unexsuch thing as racial antagonism. In- pected moments ….. . ter-marriage between the four ethnic families has gone on and continues to Among the Indian natives I have go on …… A keen student of South seen the trait of honesty so often that American sociology, Sr. Jose Vascon- I have no patience with the prevalent celos, the distinguished Minister of opinion that the native is a thief. One Education during the Obregon admin- custom that surprises the stranger in istration in Mexico, has entitled his the larger Mexican cities is the casual latest study of the Southern continent: way in which people carry sacks of "The Cosmic Race." His thesis is that money about the streets. There being South America is the sphere where a no paper currency business houses new "cosmic" race, a fifth member of send boys and clerks to and from the the ethnic family, is being evolved to banks, unguarded, carrying thousands whose formation the white and the of pesos. black, the red and the yellow races are making their contribution. This would Dr. Robert E. Speer, speaking be the true ecumenical race of the fu- of unoccupied areas, said: ture. The opportunity at least is given for us United States people to make Regarding Peru, it is stated: some amends to the Indian race which Societies to combat intemperance, social vice, Indian exploitation and oth-

is so rapidly being wiped out. Very Foreign Missions Conference of hard that problem is going to be in North America and the Committee mauy respects, one of the m08t diffi- on Cooperation in Latin America cult problems of pioneer missionary discussed a program of work work that Christianity has ever un- among the Indians. The total popdertaken. The heroic tasks have not ulation not reached by evangelical all been exhausted by the martyrs be- effort was stated to be between 11,- fore us. There are tasks as heroic, 500,000 and 12,000,000. The unchallenging the church of this gen- civilized lowland Indians were eration, and it may be that out of this represented as, in general, totally congress a spirit of sacrificial appeal neglected. This field of effort was will go to the hearts of the young men proclaimed the noblest task to and young women of our Christian which a Christian missionary could churches that will lead them forth into devote his life. It was proposed those great perils of life involved in that a deputation to South Amerithe evangelization of these Indian peo- ca on the Indian fields should be pIes …… The most needy and un- organized. Vigorous and coordicared for sections are the Indians of nated action was called for. A the Amazon, the Aymaras of Bolivia, Committee on Findings reported as the Quichuas of Bolivia and Peru, and follows: the tribes of Ecuador and Colombia. There are savages among these In- The interest in all discussions has dians, but they are not inaccessible. proved conclusively that there is an honest and earnest purpose on the The Honorable Ignacio Calderon, part of all boards and their missionlate Minister of Bolivia to the aries to solve the problems and push United States, wrote for Current the work to victory with the help of History the following plea: Christ and His church. This confer- ence was intended to bring the needs The Indians constitute the working and conditions of work for Indians 'to force of the respective countries. They light as had never before been done. cultivate the land, exploit the mines, The result is an unmistakable concluconstruct roads and are employed in sion that the churches are under oball kinds of manual labor. Notwith- ligation to undertake on a scale never standing centuries of submission, the before attempted the evangelization Indians remain a sturdy and intelli- and the Christian education of aborgent race, without which the countries iginal Americans of whom there are that have them could not subsist. No not less than 15,000,000 full bloods greater duty devolves on the democra- between the United States and Cape cies of America than to make intelli- Horn, to say nothing of the many milgent and educated citizens of the now lions more who are largely of Indian abject and oppressed Indians. Every blood. sentiment of humanity, every principle of justice and duty call for the redeem- This conference therefore urges ing of those millions of abused mem- every board, to which allocations of bers of the so-called Latin American work for Indians are suggested by the Republics, where no equality in fact Committee on Cooperation in Latin exists, and where want of education America, to assume those responsibilileaves these victims at the mercy of ties to the fullest extent possible. their oppressors. The time has surely come for something to be done. In April, 1924, the Commission on Indian Work in Latin America What Have the Evangelical Forces was organized. The purpose was Planned and Projected for the In- stated to be "to study and promote dians of Latin America 1 missionary work among native- speaking Indians in Mexico, Cen- In January, 1920, the Committee of Reference and Counsel of the

tral America and South America." representative of the Christian The significant statement was made churches, should confess with pain and by Mr. A. C. Snead that "the claim repentance the lack of attention with of the Latin American Indians up- which it has regarded for years the on the Christian church is a claim evangelization of the Indians, and it of a neglected race. They have proposes to awaken a Christian rebeen deeply affected by the politi- sponsibility in the respective national cal and economic life of Christian churches so that they shall not fall civilization and always to their det- into such neglect again. riment. There are more languages What Are the Prospects of the Work?

among these peoples in which the The tabulations of reports from Gospel is not available than in any some thirty-five organizations, hav- other part of the world today." ing relations to Indian fields of Dr. William r. Haven, Chairman, Latin-America, are at the offices of said: the commission, 419 Fourth Ave- Each missionary group working nue, New York.

among these Indians should be re- The educational advance for quested by some central authorization South America, through the Comto send in all the knowledge they have so that a group of experts may put mittee on Cooperation in Latin this whole picture together. We can America, has greatly impressed a no doubt get the cooperation of the number of outstanding leaders of American Geographical Society, the the church. Here one nation was National Geographic Society, the Pan- speaking its message of friendship American Union, the Museum of Nat- to a sister continent. Bishop Wilural History and like organizations. liam F. Oldham, after considering The second thing is to get that knowl- this program, summed up his im- edge out among the Christian people pression, with which other leaders through our churches. There are re- are represented as agreeing, when sources that should be put into this enterprise in faith, in life and in mon- he said: "Without undue enthusey, in the hands of Christian people iasm, speaking deliberately as a in this country, that can be brought man who all his life has been out into service if we can get this infor- on the firing line, associated with mation to the people. It is up to us to large projects in different parts of set the church on fire for the task. the world around, I say that the Maybe it cannot be done. We must educational advance for South not say so nor must we think so. It America is the most comprehensive can be done if we will all get together. challenging program for Christian Five years later, the commission service that I have ever known." was reorganized, May 15, 1929, to Dr. Webster E. Browning, writbe composed of representatives of the various agencies at work among ing in the REVIEW, April, 1928, on the Indians of Latin America. "Notable Conquests in Latin Amer- ica," stated: The Evangelical Congress held in Havana, June 20, 1929, gave Help for the submerged Indian speci~l attention to the Indian masses did not enter into the plans of problem. Extended resolutions Evangelical forces fifty years ago. were passed with the following Even that which is being done today opening statement: is tragically inadequate to the needs of these millions of fellow Americans, as pagan as were their forefathers The commission believes that, as a when Columbus first looked on the preliminary step the congress, as a shores of America. Yet, considerable

interest has now been aroused in the that land seemed to be not only closed problem, a number of missions have to the Gospel but utterly neglected been organized, in one country there and shut out of the thought of God's are now fourteen where three years people in this land of ours. But far ago there was but one, and it is hoped more thought and prayer and service that steps may soon be taken to or- have been given to South America ganize and coordinate these various than ever before. And the result is bodies and carry forward a work seen today in doors wide open throughwhich shall bring to the hundreds of out the whole continent. The faces of widely scattered tribes the benefits of the Indians are toward the light, and Christianity. wherever they see our work they say, "Come to us and teach us and help At the annual meeting, in March, us." With their own hands they are 1929, of the Evangelical Union of building little churches and schools South America, A. Stuart McNairn and looking to us for the' teachers who said: shall bring them into the light.

A new day is dawning for South A new day is dawning for South America. One can hardly realize the America. Let us welcome it and tremendous contrast of things as they take our part in making it the day are today and as they were only a few of the Lord Jesus Christ. years ago. T):!ere was a time when A NEW NOTE IN TRAVEL M AKING travel a vital factor International Council of Congrega- in promoting international tional Churches to England; an understanding and good Art Appreciation Tour under Mrs.

will without eliminating its pleas- R. Edson Doolittle; and a Dante ing vacational features is being Pilgrimage under Mrs. George H.

emphasized in the many tours be- Camehl.

ing arranged for the season of The National Federation of 1 9 3 0 by World Acquaintance Business and Professional Women Travel, Inc. Distinguished men are arranging their third year and women are among the leaders series of tours under World Ac- of these various groups. quaintance Travel. Eight Quin- Some of the tours have been ar- quennial Tours to the Meeting of ranged strictly for study and spe- the International Council of Wom- cial observation. Others are of the en at Vienna, May 27 to June 9 sightseeing variety. Among those are also among the study tours.

with a definite objective, is a group With but few exceptions, all led by Leonard Barron, Horticul- tours will visit Oberammergau and ture Editor of Country Life; a the Passion Play. Each group will motor tour through Spain and also have the advantages of the Italy will be under the leadership hospitality and cooperation of the of Mrs. John Walton Paris; a tour International Committee of World to the Social Service Conference in Acquaintance Travel. This Com- Upsala under Mrs. John Ferguson mittee has been organized for the and Mrs. Josephine Stearns; a purpose of bringing World Ac- Friendship Tour under the aus- quaintance Travelers in closer pices of the Methodist Church, and touch with the problems, institu- the Good Will Pilgrimage of the tions and social life of the nations.

DAY, CAPE HAITIEN

TOMORRO'V IN HAITI BY THE REV. CHARLES S. DETWEILER, D.D.

S ecreta-t'Y, American BapttBt Home Mission Soci ety O NE cann.ot predict what to- longer in the backwaters of the morrow will be in Haiti world's life, but is now fairly without taking into account launched on the main currents.

the American occupation. Will Our country has no more impor- Marine intervention cease in 1936 tant international relations than when the treaty of 1915 expires? with Latin America, and its deal- Or will a new treaty be signed pro- ing with Haiti will help to make or viding for further intervention? mar its fellowship with the other Or will the Commission recently republics of this hemisphere.

authorized by Congress recommend Since the summer of 1915, Haiti some better way in which our Gov- has been virtually a protectorate of ernment may help Haiti? We at- the United States, American treaty tempt no answer to these questions, officials cooperating with Haitian and therefore our forecast of the officials in governing the country.

future is indefinite. But the Amer- There is an American High Com- ican occupation by its past achieve- missioner who seems to share with ments has definitely determined the President of Haiti supreme that Haiti can no longer, as in the power, and there is an American past century, remain in isolation Financial Adviser – General Re- and neglect, overlooked by the mis- ceiver, who confers with a Haitian sionary and humanitarian forces of Minister of Finance in the collec- the world. The Marines have tion and expenditure of revenue.

forced a certain amount of prog- Other Departments, such as Public ress upon the country. It is no Works, Sanitation, and Police, are 2 177

directed by American treaty offi- complished in roads, bridges and ciais in cooperation with Haitian public buildings with the scanty cabinet ministers. In all of these revenues of this poor Republic.

lines Haiti has been governed with But what wins one's greatest ad- a high degree of efficiency and hon- miration is the service rendered in esty. Most noteworthy has been human welfare by the Navy phy- the successful financial reorganiza- sicians that are stationed all over tion of the Republic. Foreign the island as Public Health officers, claims have been liquidated, the not only working for clean streets foreign debt reduced, the budget and a clean water supply, but heal- has been balanced, the currency ing the sick in their daily clinics stabilized, and a large cash balance and also building hospitals. No built up. medical missionary could be more In the early days of the occupa- beloved for his service to suffering tion the first institutions to present humanity than some of these phy- a new and modern front were the sicians, who ride out into the coun- prisons, and the element of the try to hold clinics for the poor. Be- population ,that saw the first im- cause of their disinterested service provement in living conditions they have been able to secure the were the prisoners. The peniten- cooperation of the Haitians of the tiaries became models of neatness; better class in developing a few trades were taught and gardens large public hospitals. Of one of cultivated within the walls, and so these hospitals it is said with different was the lot of the prison- pardonable pride that it is the ers from their former days when largest in the West Indies, a they were dependent upon their worthy boast for a country that has friends or charity for their daily hitherto ranked as the most back- bread, that to the poor outside it ward of this region, seemed no hardship to be a pris- In the original treaty which the oner. Now that a well-trained Na- United States gave to Haiti to sign, tional Guard is policing the coun- under which all of this helpful ad- try, the barrack or police station of ministration was authorized, noth- each town has become the model ing was said about the Courts of house of the community. Over Justice or Public Education. Later each of these barracks presides a experience has proved that these noncommissioned officer of the U. omissions were regrettable. To S. Marine Corps, a tested and ap- remedy in part what was omitted, proved man with pride in his work. a new Department called Service What a sight for the weary eyes of Technique has been instituted, at the foreign traveler to come into a the head of which is an American little town in the interior and find and a small force of foreign agri- a well-kept lawn in front of the cultural experts. Under their di- police barracks and a vegetable rection rural schools have been garden in the rear, an object lesson established, where the emphasis is of great value to the rest of the laid on manual training, gardening, population. and the care of animals. To sup- Then there is the Department of ply teachers for these schools a Public Works, staffed by engineers central normal school is maintained belonging to our Navy. The mar- at the capital. There are also in- vel is- to see how much has been ac- dustrial schools for boys at several

TOMORROW IN HAITt

of the larger towns. In addition to of the popUlation, which is an esti- these schools the Service Technique mate only of the number of illiter- maintains tw~nty demonstration ates, have received marked benefits farms, and certain experiment sta- ft'om the American occupation and tions for coffee and sisal, and sends is apparently contented. They are through the country a number of freed from fear of bandits or revo- farm advisors. Many of the more lutionaries; they may safely take intelligent Haitians believe that the produce of their little farms this is the most valuable contribu- over good roads to market. In any tion of the American occupation to case they have always been treated the welfare of their country. as inferiors and are accustomed to For that branch of the Haitian this treatment. As peasants, they government called Public Educa- have not aspired to social equality tion the American treaty officials with the merchants, professional are said to have little sympathy. men and politicians of the cities.

While large sums have been appro- But these latter are the unhappy priated for the Service Technique, classes. They have been deprived which is under American control, of any part in choosing their Presi- appropriations for the Department· dent or the Council of State that of Education, which remains under has supplanted the national Con- the Minister of Public Instruction, gress. If any of their number are today smaller than they were criticize the President too severely.

in 1914-1915. Haitian teachers in he is thrown into jail and left there the agricultural schools receive a long time without trial. A Na- higher salaries than their fenows tional Guard, officered by Amer- in the ordinary Haitian schools. icans, is the instrument of these oc- The American criticism of these casional acts of despotism and is schools, even where manned by the support of a government in capable teachers, is that they are which they have no voice or vote.

academic, not fitting the pupils for To add to their resentment the any vocation. The Americans American Treaty officials, who rightly believe that it is of the ut- have the last word in the collection most importance to teach the chil- and expenditure of revenues and dren how to work, but it is unfor- who thus control the destinies of tunate that they have not prepared the country, have not succeeded in the Haitian educational authorities suppressing altogether their feel- to undertake the responsibility for ing of racial superiority. They these agricultural schools. The dwell in the midst of the Haitians danger is that when American con- with a separate social life of their trol is removed, all the work of the own. Although care has been taken Service Technique may fall to the not to wound their racial sensibili- ground. ties, the Haitians cannot help feel- This leads us to note what is gen- ing that their country is ruled by erally agreed to be the chief failure men from the United States where of the American occupation. It the distinctions of race are never has not succeeded in winning the forgotten.

sympathy and cooperation of the Whether it be because of this educated classes. Its human and lack of sympathy between Ameri- social contacts are all too few. The can cfficials and the educated common people, ninety per cent classes, or because of the desire for

efficiency in administration, there Christian missions in Haiti is that has been little or no preparation "a great door and effectual" is open of the Haitians for self-govern- to the country people, but the opment. They have not had an op- portunity with the educated classes portunity to elect a Congress or a President. If the American occu- in the cities is uncertain. The impation comes to an end according provements in public order and to the terms of the present treaty public works and the new rural in 1936, Haiti will not have been schools resulting from the occupaany better prepared for self-gov- tion have changed the whole life of ernment than if there had been no the countryside. It is a day of intervention by the United States. awakening. Thousands are learn- To all intents and purposes the ing to read who never read before. United States is administering the The Word of God may now have affairs of Haiti as if it has received free course among the masses. In a mandate from some association the cities on the other hand, there of nations, without planning for a is a certain amount of resentment definite end. at foreign control and consequent anti-American feeling. The Roman Religiously, Haiti is different Church appeals to the educated from other Latin American repub- classes as being a part of their cullic in that there is no anti-clerical tural inheritance from France, of party; there seems to be not even which they are proud. They want the beginning of any such move- to be treated as of French, not as ment as in Mexico led to a break of African origin. With good reabetween the church and the state. son they feel that their spiritual In Haiti the religion of the state is heritage ought to characterize them Roman Catholic and its ministers rather than their physical traits. are supported by public funds; and The way of approach to them is the people seem to be content to not easy if it be with an American have it so. Public education is in emphasis. part in the hands of priests and nuns. There are also certain Ro- Fortunately for the progress of man Catholic schools that receive the Gospel, the Protestant faith most of their support from the had already become rooted in Haiti state. through missionary efforts of for- mer generations. British Wesley- But just as the old type of public ans were among the earliest to education reached only a small establish evangelical churches in proportion of the children, so the that land, followed by British Bapstate religion has in reality affected tists in the forties of the last cenonly a small part of the population. tury, whose work was later con- African voodooism is a more po- tinued by Jamaican Baptists. A tent force in the life of the masses decade later an American Negro than Roman Catholicism. This cult from Connecticut successfully is prohibited by law, but the pro- founded the Episcopal Church in hibition has not been effectively a number of towns, and some Bapenforced. In general one may say tist Abolitionists from New York that the religion of the country founded a mission in the capital people is more animistic than city. The churches founded by Christian. these pioneers still live, and al- The situation then that confronts though small, they number some

1930J TOMORROW IN HAITI

cultured and mfluential families the building of these chapels, and among their members. From them for the support of primary schools have come ministers who, having in connection with some of them.

received their early preparation in To be sure they have been built the Lydie of Port-au-Prince, con- little by little in the course of thir- tinued their education in American ty-five years, but this work has seminaries, and have set a high meant that Pastor L'Herisson has standard for the Protestant min- spent about half of each week in istry. The Protestant churches the saddle. Now at an advanced may be small, but they are now age he is still straight and strong, rooted in the soil and, having been and still keeps a close oversight of in existence long before the Ameri- all his groups of believers. As this can occupation, are not looked upo!). work is the outgrowth of British as part of it. It is true that the Baptists it is fitting that it should Episcopal and most of the Baptist receive some support from Jamai- churches have now some connection can Baptists, who had assumed with American Mission Boards, but their ministry is Haitian.

The futm:e of the Protestant churches lies in the extension of their ministry away from the coast- al cities into the neglected interior of the island. The first pastor to discover the untouched resources of the rural population was Nos- sirel L'Herisson, of the Baptist Church of Jacmel, as far back as 1895 when he gave himself to the COUNTRY HOUSE IN IlAITI work of the ministry. Going out This Hut Can Hold Over li'ifty People on mule-back every week to seek what they could of the mother So- the lost on the mountains overlook- ciety's obligations in the West In- ing the southern coast, he has grad- dies.

ually built up a body of believers Beginning at Cape Haitien on numbering 1,200 communicants the north coast, Pastor A. Groves and some 2,000 more who are con- Wood, a British missionary in the verted but not baptized because un- employ of The American Baptist able to be legally married through Home Mission Society, has led Hai- their past sinful entanglements. In tian Baptists to evangelize the in- addition to the chapel at Jacmel, terior of the Island just as Pastor which is the home of the church L'Herisson had done in the south.

into the membership of which all The same readiness to hear the are baptized, he has led these peo- preaching of the Gospel has been ple in the building of twelve stone found among the country people in chapels in as many out-stations the one case as in the other. Among scattered among the hills. When other places the little town of St.

we consider that the average daily Michel was deeply stirred, and the wage of a laboring man is twenty believers built themselves a little cents, we can appreciate the conse- chapel of mud walls and thatched cration and skillful leadership in- roof, which was no sooner com- volved in the collection of funds for pleted than it became too small.

Here occurred the conversion of a sian was to gather all of his images, notable "bokor" or voodoo priest. fetiches, and charms and pack them Like Simon Magus he had given into this "houmfort." Then he cut himself out to be a great man with down the sacred tree, under which powerful charms. He attended a most of the heathen ceremonies gathering in the home of some of were performed, and added it to the members and was deeply af- the pile. Then he summoned the fected by what he heard. One verse nearest Baptist leader, who came of Scripture that haunted his mem- with a number of his members. ory was: "No man, having put his When they arrived the converted hand to the plow and looking back, "bokor" poured kerosene over the is fit for the kingdom of heaven." "houmfort" and set fire on it. The Later he left the district and tried news of this conversion and defito efface from his mind the Chris- ance of the voodoo religion spread tian impressions received at that like wild fire through the region meeting, but this one text of Scrip- and as a result of this testimony ture would not leave him alone, and others were won to Christ. it finally brought him to the feet of his Saviou,r. Afterward his wife Every church or outstation esalso found peace. She said that she tablished requires a primary school had suffered from demons and was where the children may be taught often unable to sleep, for as soon as to read and write. The church night came these demons took pos- desiring a school furnishes the session of her and she knew noth- room and the equipment, and the ing of what she did until the mission furnishes only the salary demons left her. In a very real of the teachers. The equipment in sense hundreds of people in Haiti most cases consists of a simple have been set free from the fear of thatched covered hut with benches demons by the knowledge of the and with rude desks for only a part Gospel. As one listens to their testimony when examined for bap- 0: the pupils, to be used in relays tism, one is impressed by the little that is said concerning Romanism for writing lessons. In some places and by the frequency with which there are night classes for adults they bear witness to the peace that who want to learn to read. It may has come into their lives since they be a long time before sufficient believed that Jesus has conquered schools are established by the Govthe demons and freed them from ernment for all the children of bondage to their tormentors. Haiti. Meanwhile the Protestant churches must make provision for About three years ago there was a literate membership and thus published a translation of the Gos- contribute to the building of a new pel of John into Creole. This is the and better Haiti. language of the countryside, a patois of French but containing many The sense of nationalism is African words. Between Las Cao- strong in Haiti. It is the only nabas and Mirabalais a voodoo priest tion on this hemisphere where the was converted through reading Negro race has an opportunity to this Gospel. He had a "houmfort" or rude temple in his yard. The develop its own institutions. Its first thing he did after his conver- independence must be jealously re- spected by the United States. If our help is extended in the spirit of brotherhood, tomorrow in Haiti will be full of promise.

DO YOU KNOW ABOUT

MEXICANS?

BY THE REV. ROBERT N. McLEAN Director, Spanish-SpcuJd,ng "-Vork oj the Presbyterian Board oj National Missions O F ALL the peoples who have even these have their elements of come to our land, there are uncertainity in determining total none who are so little known population, because of so many and little understood as the Mexi- variable factors involved. In one can immigrants. Go into any pub- year 62.1 per cent of all the Mexilic library and ask for literature cans entering legally were adults, about Italians, Japanese, Poles, and and three fourths of these were you will soon be barricaded at your males. In the industries there are reading table with a wall of books; many "solos" or single men. Mexiask for information about the Mex- cans usually have larger families icans and the librarian will explain than native Americans. There are to you that there is no book entire- many Mexican children employed ly devoted to the subject and that in seasonal agriculture and are the periodical literature is meagre therefore not in school. All these indeed. The Mexican is the man are factors which make it difficult whom we do not know. to fit school or employment sta- tistics into the formulre commonly The whole subject is clouded used in determining population. with uncertainty. Estimates as to the total number of these people in Because of this uncertainty, one the United States vary from a mil- guess is as good as another, except lion and a quarter to three millions. that the best guess is the one which Even the government statistics do is quoted most frequently. Repetinot help us much, for they take tion has tended to give value to cognizance only of those entering estimates of Mexican population. legally, while during the past dec- Our guess for the purpose of this ade hundreds of thousands have discussion will be 1,750,000 in the entered surreptitiously. "Wet United States, not counting the backs" they are called east of El large number of Spanish Ameri- Paso; "Bootleg Mexicans" where cans in New Mexico and Colorado. the Rio Grande no longer marks the boundary. Recently the border When the immigration from patrol has been increased and the Mexico began in large numbers, it vigilance tightened; but the num- was confined almost entirely to ber of Mexicans here illegally is so Texas, California, Arizona, Cololarge as to render the government rado and New Mexico. The revolufigures valueless in an effort to de- tionary period which began under termine the size of the problem. the leadership of Madero in 1910 left Mexico in turmoil. Then came The only two safe guides are the the World War with its depletion school enrollment of Mexican chil- of our own labor supply. The dren and the statistics as to the Armistice ushered in a new era of number of Mexicans employed in industrial expansion calling for an the major industries such as rail- unprecedented amount of common roads and beet comoanies. But labor. And so with the push of 183

want behind and the lure of oppor- conditions incident to a settled com- tunity ahead, the Mexicans munity. A church or a community swarmed northward by the hun- house set upon concrete founda- dreds of thousands. Then came the tions illy meets the needs of a development of immense irrigation family which lives upon wheels.

projects bringing under cultivation The Baptists have taken an ad- millions of acres of new land, dedi- vance step in the use of their chapel cated for the most part to the grow- automobile, and the Council of ing of seasonal fruits and vegeta- Women for Home Missions is doing bles. Finally the quota law of 1924 a notable work among the Mexicans greatly cut down the supply of through its department of work for common labor from Europe and cannery and migratory workers; resulted in a corresponding accel- but as yet a set-up which will ade- eration of immigration from Mexi- quately meet the need has not been co. developed.

In the southwest there are three In fact, any solution can at best main types of employment which be but a makeshift. There is too lure Mexicans. He is first recruited much moving on the part of the by the agricultural interests, and Mexicans and too little interest on his labor is' largely migratory. the part of employers in the social When a crop, such as lettuce or needs of their workers. It has been melons in the Imperial Valley of estimated that the average Mex- California, or cotton in Arizona, is ican migratory worker is idle 30.4 ready to be gathered, there is a tre- per cent of his time. Large em- mendous demand for Mexican la- ployers seem to want Mexicans bar; but once the crop is harvested numerous and hungry. They de- the demand immediately disap- mand that the labor reservoir shall pears. The Mexican packs his few always be full so that the expense belongings and his large family of recruiting may be reduced to the into a decrepit second-hand car, mWlmum. Some plan must be and rattles away to work on an- worked out whereby employers of other crop somewhere else. Case migratory agricultural labor may studies have been made which show budget their labor needs, coop- that the average migratory family erating rather than competing in lives in five or six different places the use of the Mexicans. In this during a calendar year. the railroads might cooperate by The problems of the school, the arranging to do the bulk of their community house and the church in construction work during the pe- dealing with such a shifting group riods of greatest idleness in crop can readily be imagined. One work. Such a plan would be to the school teacher in the San Joaquin interest of all, for if the growers Valley in California reported a cannot harvest their crops the rail- Mexican turnover of forty per cent roads will have nothing to haul.

every month during the school The railroads themselves are the year. A Sunday-school in Arizona second large employers of Mexican with an average attendance of 75 laborers in the southwest. Roy E.

had 642 different names upon its Kelly, of the Southern Pacific Rail- roll in one year. The trouble lies road, estimates that, counting men, in the fact that our missionary pro- women and children, 250,000 of gram has been developed around these people are supported in this

WHAT DO YOU KNOW ABOUT THE MEXICANS?

country by. railroad work. The their home and their last '!rust with railroads claim that they are the a friend. Juan Garcia therefore best laborers available, being able "visits" with a relative or an acto withstand the extreme heat of quaintance until he gets a job the desert and willing to do without wheeling concrete or digging with argument what they are told. Also pick and shovel. And when the they are willing to live in box-cars, crop which recruited him again or cement section houses, and to needs his services, he is reported work for $2.60 per day. missing.

But both railroads and agricul- Since the quota law of 1924, turists are constantly losing their Mexicans are found in ever-in- A MEXICAN HOME IN BELVEDERE Mexican laborers to the industries creasing number outside the southin the large cities. Very frequently west. The Interdenominational Juan Garcia is out of a job, and Council on Spanish-speaking Work, when he has no work he inevitably a subsidiary of the Home Missions drifts to the city. Although a Council, is conducting a questionfarmer he gravitates to the metro- naire survey of this phase of the politan area for three reasons. He problem. It has been discovered is natural1y gregarious, he is sure that there are two main groups of to have a relative in the city, and Mexicans. The first is made up of he has learned that if worst comes those laborers who have been reto worst, charity is better organ- cruited by the sugar beet comized to care for him there than in panies and who are to be found in the country. Mexicans will share Kansas, Nebraska, Idaho, Wyo-

ming, Michigan and Ohio. The sec- zumas, they introduced the feudal ond group is about the Great system of Europe. The economic Lakes, where Mexicans are em- order which they displaced had ployed in the various foundries, been largely communistic. Land factories, steel mills and automo- belonged to the Emperor and was bile manufacturies. There are held by individuals only in trust. about 30,000 in Chicago, and Illi- Failure to till the ground was nois last year was the fourth state looked upon as a social sin because in declaration of destination on the it removed from production part part of incoming Mexicans. of the patrimony of the tribe. Con- tinual disuse of the land meant that In this lively competition for it would be taken away and aslabor, the beet growers hold the signed to another. . bag. The work they offer is irregular, requires child labor, provides The Spaniards introduced priinadequate housing conditions and vate ownership of land in vast poor pay. As a result it is only the estates. Such expeditions as those first-year Mexican who is found of Cortez were financed out of pristooping over the beet fields. As vate capital, and it was understood soon as he becomes sophisticated that the backers were to be reimhe slips through the fingers of the bursed out of the spoils of the consugar company and gets a job in quest. To Cortez himself was given Detroit, Pontiac, or Chicago. an estate which covered 25,000 square miles, while to even the In the last-named city there is a colony of about 1,500 Mexicans humblest foot-soldier in the ranks supported by work in the foundry a princely donation of land was of the General Motors Corporation. Most of them were recruited by the made. It must be admitted that beet companies; all of them are permanent additions to the indus- the Spanish were interested in wintrial ranks. They do the hottest ning the Indians from paganism, work, the dirtiest work, and they earn on the average $4.50 per day. but it was thought that the easiest But there is no "season" in such way to accomplish this noble aim work, for the foundry runs night was to assign responsibility to each and day. In fact, a woman keeping a rooming house for Mexican landholder for the people living "solos" went to the employment officer and requested that certain upon his estate. So there was not men be transferred from one shift a large hacienda in all Mexico to another so that she could keep which did not have its private her beds continuously occupied! chapel. In order wisely to prepare his brief, the hypothetical friend of the But human nature is human na- Mexican must understand some- ture, and the land-owners were far thing of the background from more interested in making their which this strange laborer comes. tenants dig irrigation ditches, build For more than three centuries he houses and plant corn, than they has been it slave in everything but were in laboring for their souls' the name. When the Spaniards salvation. They earned on an averconquered the empire of the Monte- age twenty-five centavo8 a day and were housed in hovels, shacks and holes in the ground. Moreover they could not leave the land upon which they labored until they discharged their debt to their patron-a feat

which under the circumstances was the various evangelical bodies are impossible. doing among the Mexicans – and When the fires of revolution succeeds about as well as such or- blazed out under Madero in 1910, ganizations usually succeed. To- less than ten per cent of the people day there are not less than 24,000 owned all of the land. The revolu- Protestant Mexicans in the United tion had as its background igno- States, not counting Sunday-school rance, disease, squalor, slavery, scholars or that large group of ad- superstition, and practically all of herents who for social reasons are their ills-social, economic, spirit- unwilling to declare themselves.

ual, the Mexicans have owed to the The Mexicans who have come in- land system. Disease came from to this country present a rare op- malnutrition and poor housing; portunity for evangelistic effort.

ignorance from the fact that the landed aristocracy thought the common people as little worthy of education as the oxen and the bur- ros with which they labored.

Out of this welter have come a million and three quarter of these people t6 live among us-about one fifth of all the Spanish-speak- ing people of the country. We fumigate and vaccinate and inocu- late at the border, thinking to protect ourselves from Mexican ill- health; but nobody has ever yet been wise enough to work out a system of vaccination or inocula- tion, like a shot in the arm, which can be given to a Mexican which SU NDAY SCHOOL L'i 'J'HI~ B[PERJAL will protect us from the social and VALLE'i-!'IO'J'E 'I'lU; }IIGRANT BABY OH GAN the moral ills from which Mexicans suffer. This is the task of the Rooted to the soil for centuries, school, the community house and they have at last cut the ties which the church, but it is a task which have bound them. They have left cannot be accomplished in a day. their homes, their kinsfolk, their Sufficiently heartening is it to real- work, their old environment. Co- ize that these brown-faced boys and incident with this change there is a girls, with an ancestry of three cen- dissatisfaction with the old life and turies of ignorance behind them, all its conditions. With a frank are keeping fair pace with OUT and open attitude toward new Anglo-Saxon children. And the old things in a new country, they are hovels and shacks of the Mexican also open to a new philosophy of colonies of a decade ago are giving life. But the opportunity is one place to neat, tlower- and vine-cov- which will brook no tarrying. The ered houses. Mexican people in the United States The Interdenominational Coun- are casting themselves, plastic, re- cil on Spanish-speaking Work seeks sponsive, into a new mould. The to coordinate and regulate in the Church has the chance to say what interests of comity the work which· form that mould shall take.

AND PROGRESS IN PORTO

BY C. MANLY MORTON Professor in the Evangelical Seminary oj Porto Rico PORTO RICO is one of the new- character which the average young er fields for evangelical Chris- man does not have. I want more tianity. Thirty years ago of them." The evangelical min- there was not a single Protestant istry is looked to for leadership in church on the island. Today there every forward movement for social, are more than two hundred organ- moral, and spiritual betterment.

ized churches, besides many unor- The Commissioner of Education of ganized preaching points, with a Porto Rico, when congratulated on total membership of more tha.n the remarkable progress of his de- twenty thousand. An even more partment, replied that he did not significant fact is that for several feel that even his many and good years the mission boards have been schools were making the contribu- able rapidly to reduce the number tion to Porto Rico that the Protes- of missionaries until· today no tant ministers scattered over the board has more than one mission- island were making. The Chief ary in general evangelistic work, Justice of the Supreme Court of in addition to teachers and physi. Porto Rico, in a public address, cians. One of the largest missions said that he considered that each has recently selected a Porto Rican one of the many and difficult prob- as superintendent of its evangelis- lems now before the people of Porto tic work. Another mission has no Rico was in the last analysis a re- American mIssIonary connected Iigious problem, and that the young with it in any capacity. Not a ministers were doing the one thing single church on the island is in that could solve the problems. The charge of a missionary pastor. The Judge of the Federal Court of churches are rapidly working to- Porto Rico told the President of wards self-government and self- the Evangelical Seminary that he support. is now convinced that not the Within less than thirty years, the courts, nor even education as he evangelical churches have come to formerly had believed, but the kind occupy a place of influence alto- of work being done through the gether out of proportion to their Seminary and through its grad- numerical strength. Being a Prot- uates was the only hope for the fu- estant is looked upon in most quar- ture.

ters as an asset. A prominent Of course there are many ele- government official, himself a Ro- ments entering into such a victory man Catholic, recently appealed to as this. The one, however, which the Protestant ministers to send the writer feels to be of greatest him young men to work in his de- importance is the spirit of coopera- partment. In the course of the tion and unity which has more or appeal he said, "The most reliable, less characterized the work from trus"tworthy, ·efficien.t men I get the beginning, but which has arisen come from the evangelical churches. to a place of dominant importance They seem to have a strength of during the past ten years. This 188 has enabled the e van gel i c a I ily interested in one great cause. churches to pre!'icnt a !'iolid front No bw;iness is transacted. It is and to conserve and usc many of strictly a time of communion and their forces which, under ordinary inspiration. conditions of rivalry and competition, would have been lost. The Protestant churches own and operate one of the most mod- Zones of Activity ern printing establishments in Porto Rico. They issue a sixteen The island is divided into zones to twenty-four page weekly journal of activity, and each mission is of religion which ranks as the neatgiven a special field with the re- est, most attractive, best edited sponsibility of developing it. There periodical of its kind in the Spanish has been practically no overlap- language. This has taken the place ping. The local church is usually of the several little denominational known by its location instead of by papers which were formerly pubits denominational connections. lished. It is a pUblication which The feeling is fine. The spirit of can be placed in the public libraries "the second mile" has more often or handed to the best people with predominated than has the con- the consciousness that it will make trary. A simple illustration will a good impression. A notable fact serve to demonstrate the spirit in is that more than half of its subwhich this territorial agreement scribers are not members of the has been carried out. Some years evangelical churches. ago, the Presbyterian Church transferred a small portion of its The Evangelical Seminary territory to the Disciples of Christ, who were geographically better But without doubt the greatest able to take care of it. The only single factor in the development of hitch in the negotiations came in the evangelical cause in Porto Rico connection with the transfer of the is The Evangelical Seminary. This three modern concrete church institution was established in 1919 buildings which the Presbyterians to carry forward and enlarge the had erected. The Presbyterians in- work formerly done by the various sisted on giving the three buildings denominational training schools to the Disciples free of charge, for ministers. Seven denominawhile the Disciples insisted on pay- tions-Baptist, Christian, Congreing for them! It was a desire to gational, Disciples of Christ, Meth- "give" rather than to "get" which odist, Presbyterian, and United characterized each one. Brethren – cooperate in its man- agement and support. The faculty The dangers which the isolation is composed of a president and four of divisions of territory brings are full-time professors, one of whom overcome by the Interdenomina- is a native son of Porto Rico and a tional Conference which is held graduate of the Seminary. No two each summer. From 150 to 200 are from the same denomination. workers from all of the denomina- Each student receives the same tions come together in June for a training as all the rest. The spirit week of study, fellowship and in- of the institution is thoroughly spiration. In these gatherings, evangelistic, its viewpoint is Cristodenominational lines are forgotten. centric, its methods are modern, its The group becomes one great fam- intellectual and spiritual standards

are exacting. The Latin American protection and encouragement. It is cultured, idealistic, and intel- is the logical and only place for the lectually strong. The mini"ter who two great cultures of the new world successfully appeals to them mUBt to become welded into that endur- have these qualities plus a faith ing friendship based upon under- and spiritual power to make him a standing and good will, which can real leader. and will stand the stress of sus- The Evangelical Seminary of picion, commercial rivalry, political Porto Rico is the largest institution blundering, and intentional mis- of its kind in all Latin America, representation. Columbia Univer- and it is the only one giving a sity recognized the strategic im- standard bachelor in theology de- portance of Porto Rico when it es- gree. It is located just across the tablished here its School of Trop- street from the University of Porto ical Medicine. Boston University Rico, and works in complete har- recognized it when it gave its co- mony and cooperation with that in- operation in developing here a stitution which is rapidly moving School of Commerce. Charles toward its ideal of becoming a Evan HUghes recognized it when great Inter-American University. he accepted the chairmanship of a The students of the Seminary and special committee organized in the University mingle in the class New York for the purpose of rais- rooms and on the campus, and one ing a huge endowment fund for of the finest pieces of work being The University of Porto Rico. The done on the island is that of the Evangelical Seminary wishes to do quiet influence of these student con- for the spiritual life of the Amer- tacts. icas that which these other institu- The Seminary draws its students tions and agencies are doing for from all parts of Porto Rico, and the scientific, commercial, diplo- from Cuba, Santo Domingo and matic, and purely cultural life.

Venezuela. Its graduates go to Two of the big reasons why every section of the Caribbean Protestant Christianity has not region, as well as to many other made more progress in Latin lands parts of the world. Already it has are: first, the lack of unity, and five men in Cuba, five in Santo second, the fact that the message Domingo, five in Venezuela, two in has usually been cast in an Anglo- Columbia, one in Central America, Saxon theological mould which the three in Spanish work in New York Latin mind neither cares for nor City, and more than one hundred understands. Porto Rico has only in important pastorates in Porto 3,400 square miles of territory.

Rico. There are constantly on file Into that it has crowded a million calls for prepared men from other and a half men, women, and chil- sections of Latin America, which dren. Under these conditions, peo- cannot be filled. ple have to work in harmony and Porto Rico is the only place in understanding. Here evangelical the world where both English and Christianity is trying out many ex- Spanish are official, cur r e n t I Y periments. Here it is looking deep spoken, languages. It is the only into its own soul in a noble effort place where the two ciVilizations, really to find itself in relation to Spanish and Anglo-Saxon, live side the supreme task of revealing by side under conditions of equal Christ to a Latin people.

S(J:I!E OF THE PEACE CARAVANERS SEN'l' OUT DURING THE SUMMER OF

UNDER THE RED AND BLACK STAR The Story oj a Remarkable Humanitarian Service BY ANNA L. CURTIS Publicity Secreta,J'Y of the AlnCric(f~n F1'icJlds Sen;ice CQnlmHtce T HE American Friends' Serv- population of France and Belgium, ice Committee was organized the first man in the field, it is said, June I, 1917, by the Quakers wearing the same arm-band or of the United States-the Relig- brassard that his father had worn ious Society of Friends. They col- in similar service in the same land lected $5,000, chose Rufus Jones as forty-two years before. chairman, borrowed Haverford American Friends gave much College as a summer training help to the English at this time, school, and called upon the young but did not organize in a national men of the Society who preferred way for the work until the United constructive to destructive work, to States also entered the war. In the volunteer for relief and reconstruc- ten years after 1917, the American tion in the devastated districts of wearers of the red and black star France. The eight-pointed red and made their way to every corner of black service star of the Quakers suffering Europe-over 900 Amerihad already been worn in France can men and women, mostly young by English Friends in 1872, and members of the Society of Friends, twenty years later in Bulgaria and laboring always in closest coopera- Russia. Three weeks after the war tion with the English Friends and broke out in 1914, English Friends their other hundreds of workers. began relief work among the civil In both America and England, 191

the Quaker work touched popular vided paying work for the women :'lympathy. People of every nationality, religion and political opinion during the long winter houn;, esgave money and goods to the Friends, the American Committee tablished an orphanage (liquidated alone receiving in ten years' time over $12,000,000 in cash, and a still in 1929), and an agricultural larger sum in clothing, seed, food supplies, drugs, etc. school (recently turned over to the Help was given without regard Polish Government). to religion, or politics, or nationality. The kind of relief given, of In 1919, the Friends reached course, was dictated by the particular need. In France, thousands Austria and Germany, there to find of shell-damaged houses were repaired and hundreds of new cot- the problem of terrible malnutritages built, while their occupants were provided with clothing, beds, tion, affecting hundreds of thouutensils, seed, rabbits, fowls, for beginning life again. Temporary sands of children with rickets or children's homes were conducted and a maternity hospital was tuberculosis. The Friends bought founded, the last being later endowed as a permanent gift to cows and milk from the countries France. In Belgium, similar work for children was done. which had once been a part of Aus- In Russia, thousands of Polish tria, but are now no longer and refugees were aided and, during the famine years, several hundred became the iargest milk distribthousand Russian peasants were fed and probably saved from death utors in Austria. They trained and by starvation, while a children's clinic, nursing service, and model sent out traveling teachers of hyfarm demonstrated in the famine area a better way of living. Suf- giene who taught children and fering Serbia received new homes, clothing, food, and medical service. adults in the most remote parts of At one time, the only medical help for 80,000 people was that of the the country how to avoid tubercu- Quakers. In Poland, after the war, the Friends hauled timber for new losis. homes, supplied food, clothing, tools, sheep, and seeds ($100,000 In Germany, two periods of worth of the latter in one shipment). The Quaker anti-typhus child-feeding were carried on. Durunit at one gateway from Russia, by which were pouring in the re- ing the first, the Quakers cooperturning refugees, helped to save Europe from the threat of typhus ated with a committee in the which came with them. They pro- United States under Mr. Hoover's leadership; during the second, with a similar committee headed by General Allen. In all, over 2,- 000,000 children received a supple- mentary meal in school, for periods varying from a month to a year.

This child-feeding work was chiefly a concern of the United States.

But, through the English Friends mainly, much help was also given to students, old people and families in distress, in both Germany and Austria. .

In all these countries, the physi- cal relief and reconstruction work done has proved to be, instead of a work complete in itself, the basis for a far greater task-that of openly and officially aiding in the spiritual reconstruction of the land.

As a logical result of the relief work, the Friends have established Good-will Centers in Moscow, War-

UNDER THE RED AND BLACK STAR

saw, Vienna, Berlin, Paris, and the Hospital near Moscow. The Quak- Wodd Capital, Geneva, from which ers are now oooperating, by request to carryon a further program of of the Russian Department of faith and works. In each country, Health in establishing a children's the centers are in touch with native clinic, and are to send two more leaders in peace, religious and so- nurses to train young Russi!j.n cial work. Their rooms are used women in the work. The Paris for conferences on every forward- Center has given impetus to some looking question. Travelers are notable prison work in France, in- brought into touch with the life teresting a large and influential and institutions of other countries. group in probation work and pris- Lectures on international subjects on reform under the name of Com- are frequent and the entire effort mittee for Study and Action is to try to help' individuals and toward the Diminution of Crime.

groups to a better understanding The maternity hospital at Chalons, of other countries, or of other which the Friends established as groups in their own country. part of their war work, has since The aim is the same in all; but been endowed as a permanent me- the specific 'activities, aside from morial in France. Two things dis- those above-mentioned, vary great- tinguish it, its remarkably low ly. In Paris, Berlin, and Frankfort death-rate and the fact that the are student clubs, where students nurses' aides come from several of several different nationalities different countries. They are come together for social gather- young women who gladly give a ings or friendly discussions of vital year to this international service.

questions. At the Vienna Center, All the centers work in closest nearly 200 young people, mostly cooperation, collecting valuable in- still in the teens, similarly meet in formation, exchanging articles in eight or nine club-groups for study, newspapers and periodicals, ar- social periods, and, above all, to ranging conferences between na- catch the international viewpoint. tionals of different countries. The The Geneva Center has a Student Berlin and Warsaw Centers, for in- Hostel, primarily for the accommo- stance, brought about the first con- dation of post-graduate research ferences between Germans and students, and the fifteen or eight- Poles held after the war. The Ge- een who are there 'during a year neva Center also has done much to are drawn from five or six differ- bring into cooperation for joint ac- ent countries. Two yearly scholar- tion and mutual information serv- ships for study in Geneva are given ice the seventy-odd international to teachers of history in Quaker organizations which now center in schools or colleges. Geneva.

In Poland, the Peasant Indus- In 1928, the American Friends'

tries Scheme has provided women Service Committee extended its with weaving and embroidery work work to Japan, cooperating with to do during the winter months, another Quaker organization to the products being sold mainly in send to Tokyo a young couple England and the United States. In whose sole business is to help cre- Russia, two Friends are taking ate a better understanding between public health work as their service, Japan and the United States. They and are working in the Botkinsky work with several schools, are in 3

touch with leaders of liberal move- are ready to spread the Gospel of ments, and are sending home for Peace in churches, before Rotary publication a series of most in- or Kiwanis Clubs, or in summer forming and helpful articles on the schools. They teach boys' and country. Giving much time to the girls' camps the games and folk- study of the language, history, and songs of other lands, or tell tales customs, they hope they are laying of far-away children to Sunday- the foundations for intelligent schools and Daily Vacation Bible peace-making. Schools. In the summer of 1927, India, too, is now to be touched there were eight teams; in 1928, by the Service Committee. (Eng- eleven; in 1929, twelve, each work- lish Friends, of course, have long ing in a different part of the coun- been working there.) The great try.

Indian poet, Rabindranath Tagore, The Youth Peace Declamation has established a social and educa- Contests are intended to bring the tional settlement in Santiniketan international idea to children from in the Bengal district. Here young nine to fifteen years of age. Be- people are given full academic cause of the difficulty of finding training, or instruction in arts and selections suitable for such con- crafts, while a full program of tests, a book of peace recitations health and social work for the near- and stories, "Peace Crusaders,"

by villages is being built up. In was compiled, especially for the 1929, Tagore asked the help of use of contestants. During the first Friends, and the Service Commit- year, ending November, 1929, over tee has responded by sending a 500 contests were held all over the young doctor and his wife, a prac- United States, and medals awarded tical nurse, to take charge of this the winners. In several cases, health work. ·"Here at Santinike- through the interest of school su- tan," writes the young man, "is the perintendents, the schools of an en- place where the most is being done tire county participated.

to bring about an understanding Education through the press is a between the East and the West." very important part of the Service The war called the attention of Committee's work. Short and in- Friends, as of other peace-loving teresting articles and items which people, to the great lack of definite carry the international spirit are education in the United States for prepared weekly for editors, over international friendliness and un- 200 of whom in a dozen different derstanding. The Service Commit- states are now using the material.

tee is undertaking to do its share Another similar series is sent to in this needed work. Probably the teachers, club leaders, and others.

most dramatic educational activity The list of subscribers to this free thus far sponsored by American service is steadily growing, and Friends is that carried on by the now includes the Mexican Minister Peace Caravans-college students of Education, who has the articles who spend their summer vacations translated into Spanish and dis- traveling about by auto, in groups tributes them to the Mexican of two young men, or three girls, schools.

and speaking on peace wherever During 1929, two important they get the chance. Carefully peace conferences were sponsored trained before they start out, they by the Service Committee. One, for

future religious leaders, was at- four years have thus worked in tended by over 200 theological stu- schools for Negroes or Indians; in dentH, young miniHterH, Christian institutions for delinquent boys and Association Hecretaries, student girls; in city social settlements leaders, etc., with such leaders as and the settlements of the Ken- E. Stanley Jones, Bruce Curry, and tucky Mountains; at Ellis Island, Sherwood Eddy. For three days and in similar places. During 1928, they discussed the problems of child feeding and medical work war's challenge to Christianity. were done, and some other relief The other conference brought to- given during the coal strike in the gether about forty editors of re- Barnesboro District of Pennsylligious papers, their problems vania. being those of conscience and the state, our best defense in view of Similar work was begun in Marthe Kellogg Pact, etc. ion, N. C., in November, 1929. Here, in the textile district of the Peace work among our Negro South, the class bitterness and anpopulation is relatively as impor- tagonism could hardly be greater, tant as among the whites, and the while the mill laborers and their American Inter-racial Peace Com- families are living in conditions mittee is the joint effort of the which are destructive to home life, Friends and of representative and child labor is a commonplace. American Negroes to enlist the ac- As a result of the strike against tive support of the colored people long hours and low wages, many and to increase mutual understand- families are destitute, and the Soing between the two races. Organ- cial Service Section of the Federal ized in June, 1928, the Committee Council of Churches has invited the has already done much valuable Service Committee to cooperate work from its headquarters in the with it in much-needed relief work, Service Committee office. Public tbe Friends to administer the readdresses, mass meetings, news re- lief. Food, clothing, and medical leases, and educational work service are to be given for three among colored ministers, teachers, months at least, the hope being that and children are the chief methods a solution of the difficulties may be employed. found during that time.

The chasms of misunderstanding All this Home Service work, between different groups in the whether institutional or of the sosame country are often nearly as called emergency type, will help the wide as those between different nation grow in its ability to solve countries. Also, there is an in- its social problems. The young spiration in service for the sake of people who take part in such work service alone, which comes in no will have gained by experience a other way. For these two reasons, broadening knowledge of the conthe American Friends' Service ditions underlying racial and class Committee encourages young peo- conflicts and other problems affectple to volunteer for a year, or for ing public welfare. Through such a summer vacation, in some form constructive service, the Friends of ill-paid service to their fellow- believe that they are helping to demen in this country. Nearly 200 velop the patriotism of peace and young people in the last three or good will among men.

LIGHT ON THE FIRST MISSION-

ARY FROM AMERICA To THE EDITOR OF THE MISSIONARY John Levering was the first male REVIEW OF THE WORLD:- native born American to go as an BETHLEHEM, PA., Jan. 13, 1930. ordained missionary to foreign lands. In the January issue of THE MIS- SIONARY REVIEW Dr. Otis Cary In 1769, John Antes, born March raises the question as to who was 24, 1740, near Philadelphia, sailed the first missionary to sail from for Cairo, Egypt, where because of America, and comes to the conclu- his missionary activities, he sufsion that this honor belongs to fered the tortures of the bastinado Erasmus Schmidt, who sailed from which made him lame for life..

New York in 1803. The list can be extended indefi- If you are interested in following nitely. All these cited were native the matt~r further, I may report born American missionaries. Many that between 1746 and 1805 no less more, who came to Bethlehem, than seventeen native-born Ameri- Peimsylvania, from various councan Moravian foreign missionaries tries of Europe, were sent forth were sent out from Bethlehem, from the Moravian settlement as Pennsylvania, sailing either from foreign missionaries many years before the American Board or any Philadelphia or New York. other Protestant Mission Board May 18, 1746, George Kaske and was organized. .his wife, Susan Elizabeth Kaske, maiden name Funk, who was born It will be noted that "The Soin Germantown, Pa., November CIety of the United Brethren for 18, 1721, sailed for Berbicein Propagating the Gospel among the Demerara (British Guiana), South Heathen," which is the incorpo- America. To Susan Elizabeth rated missionary society of the Kaske belongs the honor of being Moravian Church in America, was the first native-born (her husband originally organized in 1745, reorwas born in Germany) Protestant ganized in 1787, and chartered by American missionary to foreign the Legislature of Pennsylvania in lands. She went to the mission field 1788, a quarter of a century before sixty-six years before Adoniram the American Board Was chartered Judson and his wife, Ann Hassel- by the Legislature of Massachutine, sailed for India February 19, setts, although the latter is usually styled the first American mission- 1812. ary society. The Moravian "S. P. G." has never had occasion to ap- In October, 1747, Joseph and ply for any amendment to its char- Mary Heap Shaw sailed from Phil- ter granted in 1788, and has been adelphia to work among the negro carrying on missionary work uninslaves on the island of St. Thomas, terruptedly for 142 years. then Danish West Indies. Very sincerely yours, In February, 1759, John and Sarah Bechtel Levering sailed for PAUL DE SCHWEINITZ, Jamaica to work among the negro slaves on that island. Secretary of Moravian Missions.

196

"THE NECESSITY THAT IS LAID UPON US"

BY REV. HUGH THOMSON KERR, D.D.

Pn.stor of the Shadyside Presbyterian Church, PittsburghJ Pa..

SPEAKING at the tenth anni- and finds its way to establish clin- versary of the League of Na- ics and hospitals in cities and vil- tions Union the former Prime lages that still listen to the rythmic Minister of Great Britain, Mr. music of the tom-tom. In all these Stanley Baldwin, who is one of the overflowings of the moral barrier outstanding Christian statesmen of we rejoice and say, "It is well." our generation, in paying tribute Do we feel the same way about to the growing goodwill of the religion? Do we have the same world said: "The moral boun- angle on religion that we have on daries of nations no longer match potatoes and beans and oil and necessarily with their political and tobacco and pickles? We have a physical boundaries." He went on sense of pride that we can export to say that these moral boundaries our goods, our books, our steel, our "overflow and so all forms of in- meat, our fruit, our culture. Do we ternational cooperation are spring- feel the same way about our reing up today in the most unex- ligion? Have we any religion to pected places." An example of export? Perhaps you say we need what he means is the League of all the religion. we can produce Nations Union itself, and also the right here. Yes, and perhaps we Kellogg Pact, which we trust is to need all the education, the culture, be a bond of world-wide goodwill. and medical science right here at The will to peace is not confined home. How did the great apostle, to any frontier. America cannot the first great foreign missionary, be bounded by any physical lines who was an intense nationalist and of latitude or longitude. The ideas one of the sanest men feel about it? and ideals which are born and have He tells us how he felt. He felt their habitation in America do not passionately about it. He felt that ask permission to pass through exporting religion was the greatest any customs house in the world. If business of his life and if he were the seaport is closed the air route here today he would say that autois still open. Trade and commerce mobiles and engines and steel-proddo not wait until diplomats are ucts and the by-products of coal satisfied as to what goods should and aluminum and gymnasiums be bartered. One can find Stand- and colleges and psychology were ard Oil and Virginia tobacco and poor things indeed to send out in Pittsburgh pickles in the heart of comparison with religion. He was China. The passion for education a Jew, a Hebrew of the Hebrews leaps all obstacles and erects its in- and yet he said "Necessity is laid stitutions on the carefully guarded upon me, for woe is unto me if I Bosphorus, on the Mediterranean preach not the Gospel." And then Sea and on the banks of the Nile. he goes on to say, in this same The glory of the medical profes- piece ot passionate eloquence "I sion is that it knows no barriers have a stewardship entrusted to of race, religion, or nationality me and though I was free from all 197

men I brought myself under bond- other so far as that was concerned.

age to all that I might gain the Dr. Jowett, the Master of Balliol, more; and to the Jews I became was once asked by a young inquir- a Jew that I might gain the Jews; ing student what he thought about to the weak I became weak that I God. He replied "That is a very might gain the weak. I am become unimportant question; all that all things to all men that I may by signifies is what God thinks about all means save some." me." There you have in a nut-shell Religion is either everything or all that is really worth-while about it is nothing. It is either first or religion. What you and I think it is nowhere. It is either the best about God, what Edison and Dar- thing in the world or the worst win, Einstein and Clarence Darrow thing in the world, as suggested by and Mencken think about God the Soviet government that holds matters nothing. What the Bud- that religion is the opiate of the dhists and Mohammedans and Hin- people. Paul felt that it was every- dus think about God is of little or thing and so necessity was laid no consequence. What they think, upon him to give his religion uni- is, €lf course, interesting and re- versality. Why did he feel this flects the result of a long search; way? Was ne eccentric? Was he hut the great, all-consuming ques- a fanatic? He was all these and tion of importance is "What does yet he was the sanest and coolest God think of us?" In other words of men who measured his words by has God made himself known? If the sacrifice of his life. Why did not-then we are still feeling out he feel this way? after Him if haply we may find 1. The Necessity of a Priceless Him. We do not know.

Possession. He felt this way be- But Paul knew. He was sure.

cause he looked upon his religion He knew that God had made it as something unique and priceless. known in certain stupendous acts He had something other people did such as the birth of Jesus Christ, not have, and he was restless to His sinless life and conscience-com- share it with them. He knew some- pelling teaching, His death on the thing they did not know and he cross and His resurrection in living was impatient to tell them. His power. It may be interesting to soul burned within him like fire. know what others think about God He could not keep it. It was better but it is vital to know what God than gems or gold. He knew a thinks about us. In other words, secret about God. All over the we do not hunger for the result of world men talked about God but man's discovery; we crave God's were not sure. They argued and revelation and unless God tells us debated. They erected altars and about himself we must, like all the offered sacrifices. They differed as generations before us, lose our way to whether it was on that mountain in darkness and silence. Paul knew or on this that God should be wor- what God thought about man and shipped. They disagreed as to his so he wished to share with all men name and as to his nature. He was this priceless treasure. This was not concerned about diffusing the the Gospel and it was this inspir- ideas which men had ditlcovered ing motive which sent him over for themselves about God. One sea and land proclaiming the evan- man's opinion was as good as an- gel of Jesus. This was the neces-

sity that lay upon the soul of this heart was made for God and is great missionary pioneer. restless till it finds its rest in Him.

II. The Necessity of Unsatisfied My faith burns low, my hope burns Need. Then, too, the hunger of the world was there. He could not get low Only my heart's desire cries out in away from that. Peopie every- me.

where wanted to know. People By the deep thunder of its want and woe were feeling out after God. In the Cries out to Thee. streets of Athens Paul found an altar to the Unknown God. He III. The Necessity of Unparallel never got that altar out of his mind. He could not get away from Success. Paul had tasted success. He that eloquent appeal. It was a was not a raw recruit. He was not revelation of a religious hunger being commissioned for foreign that found no satisfaction in all the philosophers' search after God. mission service for the first time. It is still true. The world is everywhere filled with altars where we This is not his inauguration adburn incense. to the gods we cannot name. There are innumerable dress;' this is his mature convicaltars burning a strange fire in America. A trip to the Orient or tion. He had had twenty years of in America will make your heart bleed, if you have a heart, when the Christian life when these words you see the empty rituals and the were written. He had had ten years at least of aggressive misheart hunger of the millions. sionary service. He was not home Throughout the world that need even on his first furlough. He had is becoming eloquent. We read been over the ground. He had that the progressive, modern, little tramped the hills of Asia Minor and traversed the high seas. He republic of Uruguay down in South knew the difficulties and could have outlined those difficulties better America, feeling out after some- than any of his critics. He had sufthing to satisfy, is burning incense fered for his faith. He had been stoned and shipwrecked and imupon the altar of secularism. Holy prisoned and laughed at in the Week has been changed to Touring college circles in Athens but he had seen enough, he had tasted the Week. Sunday is a holiday and fruit of victory, he had seen the Gospel at work. He had first hand Christmas has become "Family evidence and knowing everything Day." And the hungry sheep look he was impatient to be up and out up and are not fed. Man cannot and at his work of evangelism.

live by bread alone and if the soul Again and again he draws a con- is starved there is tragedy. Paul trast in his letters between what knew the need of the heart of the men were before the Gospel came world. Do we know it? And are to them and what they became we blind enough to think that the afterwards, a sort of "Before and peoples of the lands beyond and After" photograph. Here is one of our own land are going to be of his photographs. He draws this satisfied with victrolas and auto- striking parallel: "Be not de- mobiles and radios and electric ceived; neither fornicators nor lights and frigidaire? It is still adulterers nor idolators nor ef- true, as it has ever been, that the fiminate, nor thieves, nor covetous,

nor drunkards, nor revilers, nor message of Christ were brought to extortioners, nor such like shall Korea did the women find theminherit the kingdom of God. And selves to have intrinsic values." such were some of you." That is one photograph. Here is the other: Success and victory and triumph lay necessity uppn us to preach the "But ye were washed, but ye Gospel for it is still the power of were sanctified, but ye were justi- God unto salvation. Still as of old fied in the name of the Lord Jesus we sing Christ and in the Spirit of our God." Far, far away, like bells at evening pealing, These contrasts are multiplied since those far-away days. Every The voice of Jesus sounds o'er photograph of a mission school is land and sea; eloquent in such contrast. Every mission station, every Christian And laden souls, by thousands meekhome, every little Christian child ly stealing, in China, in Japan, in India presents just such a picture. There Kind Shepherd, turn their weary rises before 'my vision a picture of steps to Thee. the Christian families over against the pagan life of the Orient. I can IV. The Neces8ity of the Preserclose my eyes and see in a little 'vation of Personality. There re- Japanese Church father and moth- mains this to be said: Paul could er and three Japanese girls all not side-step this necessity without dressed in spotless garments, hymn peril to his soul. There is such a book in hand, the light of God in thing as the disintegration of pertheir faces, singing of the Christ sonality. I think it was this of who threw open the gate of new which Paul was afraid. Having the life to them. truth, knowing the truth, seeing the need, if he refused the call Among all the discussions that there was for him no longer any took place at the Jerusalem Mis- haven of salvation, of honor, of sionary Conference the one dealing duty, of truth. I think this was with what Christ has done for what he was thinking of when he women a:pd children interested me said "Woe is me if I preach not most. In one such discussion group the Gospel. Necessity is laid upon three women spoke, one for China, me." To save himself he must go one for Japan, and one for Korea. forth and fulfill his obligation. It Speaking for China Miss Tseng was by coming back from his long said "China is in her present state flight into the wilderness and facbecause we have neglected our ing Jezebel that Elijah won his women so long. No nation can rise right to have his soul. It was by above its women. Christ has given his return from his experience out women life, soul, and the way to in the sea to face the duty that come to God." Speaking for Japan called him to Nineveh that Jonah Mrs. Kubushiro said: "In Japan was saved from moral disaster. It no religion, native or imported- is by losing our life that we save except Christianity- has ever it. The army that goes into winter given women the place of a per- quarters is beaten when spring son." Speaking for Korea, Miss comes. The Church that draws its Kim said "Only when the life and robes of ritual about it is dead. The Christian who, knowing Christ and His power to meet the world's needs, folds his hands is more

OUR SPIRITUAL INCOME

than a traitor. To save himself, for the Gospel's sake in order to to keep from disintegration, to secure my own share in it. I thereavoid being lost Paul could not fore so run as not uncertainly, so escape the necessity that was laid fight I not as one that beateth the upon him. He would lose his soul air but I beat and buffet my body if he did not move out in the path -my selfish self-lest by any of duty. He would slip from his means after I have preached to high place of being a Christian other people I myself should be a personality and become mere drift- cast-away." Think of the tragedy "I myself a cast-away," the Gospel wood. He would become like Judas, going on and on and on to victory a traitor, whose only destiny was to go out alone into the night. and "I myself a cast-away." The moment the Church turns its back This is his argument and this is upon the missionary enterprise that very moment darkness covers what he meant. And if you will the earth, and that moment too, follow through his words you will the Church.

see how passionately the necessity burned in his soul. "I do all things OUR SPIRITUAL INCOME BY M. A. McWILLIAMS 1 N ARTICLE in the January Oh, the depth of the riches both of I l . number of the MISSIONARY the wisdom and knowledge of God! Rom. 11: 33. REVIEW* speaks of "living beyond our spiritual income" and The riches of his grace wherein he of the "apparent spiritual poverty abounded toward us in all wisdom and of the American churches." It prudence. Eph. 1: 7-8. might be well to point out the rich stores at our disposal. Preach the unsearchable riches of Christ. Eph. 3: 8. An income is the gain derived or our revenue from any effort or in- My God shall supply all your need vestment. "Our spiritual income," according to his riches in glory by then, is the gain which we derive Christ Jesus. Phil. 4: 19. from our service for the Lord; the revenue which we receive from the To whom God shall make known abundant nches to which we are what is the riches of the glory of the heir through Christ. mystery among the Gentiles, which is Christ in you, the hope of glory. Col. What saith the Scripture about 1: 27. them? That their hearts might be com- I will give thee hidden riches of forted, being knit together in love, and secret places, that thou mayest know unto all riches of the full assurance of that I, the Lord, which call thee by understanding, to the acknowledgment thy name, am the God of Israel. Isa. of the mystery of God, and of the Fa- 45: 3. ther, and of Christ; in whom are hid all the treasures of wisdom and knowl- Who will commit to your trust the edge. Col. 2: 2-3. true riches. Luke 16: 11 I.e. Surely there is an abundance of That he might make known the riches laid up for those who believe riches of his glory: Rom. 9: 23. in Christ. There is no need to lack spiritual income if we draw on the • By the Rev. Prot. D. J. Fleming. resources provided for us. Why,

then, should there be any "spiritual we can do nothing," and when we poverty" among those who profess not only keep in close contact with the name of Christ and who form Jesus but actually "abide in Him,"

the churches of America? then we shall have a spiritual in- May it not be pertinent to ask come ample for all our needs and ourselves whether the lack of spir- that love for others such as Christ itual income is due to self-pride had for us. "Greater love hath no which prevents our accepting the man than this, that a man lay riches provided by the Father down his life for his friends. Ye through Jesus? Unlike the prodi- are my friends if ye do whatsoever gal son who insisted on having his I command you." John 15: 13-14.

wealth and spending it in riotous It is because some love their fel- living in a far country, we do not lowmen in accordance with the ask our Father for that sustenance command of Christ to "love one which is our due as a child of His. another as I have loved you" that We nibble dry and sometimes they go out to preach, to teach, to mouldy crusts which we have nurse, to give medical attention to stored up from some spiritual feast those who know not the Saviour.

which we once attended, rather Such self-sacrificing love as this than accept our daily spiritual had Carey, Judson, Livingstone, bread from God's Word, the mes- and those who today are bringing sages given us through His serv- others to the Lord. When we think vants and through experience. Why more of the "treasures laid up in do we starve our souls in sight of heaven" than "those on earth" and the table provided us daily by the would rather "abide in Christ"

Lord? than "spend off-time at a night Then, too, as the loaves and club," then we shall have an abun- fishes multiplied in the hands of dant spiritual income and our Christ and fed a multitude, so His American churches will have spir- riches multiply as we share them itual riches beyond estimation.

with others. It is as we serve the Shall we not avail ourselves of the Lord in the home and foreign mis- resources laid up for us by the sion fields, telling others of all He Lord in such rich abundance?

has done for us and of all that He Perhaps if we more fully real- will do for them that we gain in- ized the poverty of our .own re- estimable blessings. The gain sources, we would more eagerly which we derive from service seek to avail ourselves of the riches should so increase our spiritual in- which God so amply provides for come that it will overflow to all His children. When we actually with whom we come in contact. realize that we are sinners who The difference between spirit- need a Saviour, and have had the ually minded missionary workers joyous satisfaction of knowing and those who do not have a Jesus as our personal Saviour and "warm, vital Christ life which they Elder Brother, then we shall have are eager to share" is just that the that boundless enthusiasm in soul- former "have been with Christ," winning which characterized Paul, while the latter are trying to Jive Mary Slessor, John G. Paton, and on their own resources. When we countless others who gave them- throwaway self-pride and are will- selves to the serviCe of the Lord in ing to confess that "without Christ the harvest fields of the world.

Of THE

Moving Letter from a Veteran SIONARY REVIEW has been sent with- Missionary out charge, lead us to renew the in- vitation to our subscribers to send OUR readers will understand how extra checks in order that the REVIEW deeply we are moved by the fol- can continue this blessed ministry' to lowing letter from one of the Lord's chosen ones in India: devoted missionaries both at home and abroad who cannot afford to pay for it It is forty-seven years today since my themselves. The cost of publishing the magazine is considerable and the subfirst landing in Calcutta as a missionary scription price ($2.50) is kept so low that we cannot afford to send free from Australia, and it must be quite copies unless they are covered by speforty years since I began taking the RE- cial gifts. Will not some of those who read these Jines deem it a privilege to VIEW. For many years I paid for it, and mail us checks at once? If a donor has a particular missionary in mind, at two periods it was kindly sent gratis please give name and address. Otherto me. It has always been a great help wise, we will gladly select a worthy and educator.' I can see how the REVIEW recipient.

has given me knowledge and interest in Atlantic City Conferences many countries and missions that I THE annual meetings of four inter- denominational missionary confershould not have known otherwise and do ences were held in Atlantic City in thank you very heartily and sincerely for January. The Home Missions Coun- cil and the Council of Women for this broadening of sympathy and fellow- Home Missions were held simultane- ously, January 8-11. Most of the sesship amid the isolation of work in "back sions were held separately, but there blocks" of crowded Bengal. was a joint session on the closing day. The Federation of Woman's Boards of This year has seen me disabled from Foreign Missions met January 11-14, active service; i. e., direct evangelism in and the Foreign Missions Conference of North America, January 14-17. All the villages. Although my faulty heart these conferences were largely atprevents much physical movement, I am tended. The Home Missions Council enrolled nearly 100 delegates represtill able to keep accounts, correspond, senting 24 denominations in the etc. I am hoping to be relieved by an United States, and the Foreign Mis- sions Conference 236 delegates repreefficient Bengali worker early in the New senting 65 boards and societies in the United States and Canada. A conyear, and shall then probably be booked ~iuerable numbe!' of missionaries and for Heaven or Australia, as heat and hills are now equally im{lossible to me. Probably early March will see me leave my beloved people and work, but it is quite all right as He loves them more than I do. I see more the necessity of prayer, and praise God for His great goodness, wonderful enabling, and the best life on earth (i. e., the missionary one).

The last few years small allowance and increasing cost of living have prevented my paying for any magazines, but your REVIEW and one or two Australian papers have been continued by unknown friends. for which I am exceedingly grateful, and want to thank you more than tongue can tell. May God bless you abundantly. Please accept my very loving farewell.

I shall certainly try to get subscribers for you in Australia if it is God's will for me to work there.

Y OUl'S heal'tily, representatives of allied organizations Such a letter, and many other ap- were welcomed as corresponding mem- preciative messages from devoted bers at all of the conferences, 146 at Christian workers to whom THE MIS- the Foreign Missions Conference 203

alone. The programs were full, able created fomulate common policies and addnsses were delivered, and there was free discussion of a wide range of face missionary problems in the large topics. and as they affect not merely separate The question has sometimes been raised whether these conferences denominations but the Church as a justify the expense which they involve. Travelling expenses and hotel whole. From this viewpoint, we bebills make the annual cost quite an item to boards and societies that send lieve that there is general agreement their full quotas of delegates. In addition to the expenses of the annual that these conferences are abundantly conferences referred to above, there are the budgets of their standing com- worth all they cost, and that no one mittees. For example, the annual budget of the Committee of Reference and would seriously think of abandoning Counsel of the Foreign Missions Conference is $78,486, of the Home Mis- them, although some are of the opinion sions Council $19,052, and of the International Missionary Council, $40,- that they might wisely be held bien- 000. Moreover, delegates who have attended these conferences for many nially instead of annually. The nuyears seldom hear anything new. Almost every conceivable subject has merous interdenominational conferbeen discussed many times, and the addresses are heard by experts who ences and committees that the modern really do not need them, however much they may enjoy them. Christian worker is expected to attend These criticisms, however, although often make heavy demands upon time undoubtedly just, fail to take into account that the chief value of such con- and, in the aggregate, involve considerferences dOEs not lie in addresses or resolutions, but in fellowship, in mu- able expenditure of money. But if we tual understanding, in fostering the spirit of unity and cooperation. They rightly value unity and cooperation in mean that the missionary enterprise has definitely passed out of the period the extension of the cause of Christ when each board, like the man referred to in the book of Judges, "did that and the effective application of His which was right in his own eyes," without regard to the work of other teachings to the problems of the moddenominations and with resultant overlapping, failure to use men and ern world, we should be willing to pay money to good advantage, unwise variations of policies in the same the price. A. J. B. fields, and the perpetuation of denominational spirit. Visit of General Smuts It is an enormous advantage to THE recent visit of this great statesboard officers and members who, dur- man from South Africa was a noting the year, have been thinking de- able event. It was the general opinion nominationally and planning and con- at the Peace Conference in Paris, ducting denominational wOl'k, to meet after the World War, that the three with the officers of many other boards, statesmen present who took the wisest take counsel with them, pray with and largest view of existing and prothem, and in the atmosphere thus spective problems and whose counsel, if followed, would have been of highest value to the world, were President Wilson of the United States, Prime Minister Venizelos of Greece, and Gen- eral Smuts of South Africa.

During the decade that has followed the War, General Smuts has been one of the most eloquent advocates of the League of Nations. He came to America in response to the invitation of the League of Nations Associations and several other peace organizations. He was received with distinguished honors. Crowded audiences assembled to hear him every place that he spoke. President Hoover entertained him at the White House, and both house~ of Congress took a recess to greet him. He frankly stated that he had not come to America to persuade the

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

United States to enter the League of Harding, Coolidge, and Hoover; four Secretaries of State – Root, HugheB, Nations as he felt that this waS a ques- Kellogg and StimRon; former Attion which Americans must decide for torney General George Wickersham, themselves. But he eloquently set and hundred;; of other eminent men in forth the character and achievements of the League during the ten years of both political parties have urged adits existence and recorded his full herence to the Court. The objections faith in it as an indispensable agency that were originally pressed in the United States Senate have been met for settling international disputes. by the agreement of other govern- Many Americans keenly feel that, ments to the amendments proposed by former Senator Elihu Root, and there when representatives of over fifty nations of the earth meet around the council table in Geneva to consider is general agreement that there is now how the cause of peace may be pro- no valid reason why the United States moted, the United States, the largest should not immediately give its conand most powerful nation in the world currence. President Hoover has alwhich ought to be an influential factor ready authorized the signature of our in the League, stands aloof in the com- Government to the Protocol, and nothpany of Russia and Turkey. The ex- ing now remains but the consent of the Senate. A majority of the senators perience of the decade has conclusively are known to be ready to vote for it. proved that. the fear that the League At this writing the President has not would interfere with national govern- yet submitted it to that body, Some ments and circumscribe their liberties has no foundation whatever. The New conjecture that he is waiting for the York Times of January 12 truly said tariff bill to be gotten out of the way, that instead of being a dangerous others that he fears the possible effect sup~r-state, in a:ctuality it has been of an inevitable senatorial discussion found to be a servant of all the na- on the Disarmament Conference that tions. It is at least some consolation is now in session in London. Whatto know that while the United States ever the reason, his whole-hearted in- remains outside of the League, it is terest in the Court is well known and cooperating with many of the League's the issue is not really in doubt.

commissions. The critics of the A. J. B.

League have now abandoned prac- Filipino Independence tically all of their original contentions and are contenting themselves with THE moot question of Filipino insaying that "the League is a splendid dependence is up again. It has been thing for Europe but that it would up sporadically for many years. Prom- inent Filipinos have been steadily adnever do for America." To which The vocating it, but while there have been New York Times replies that "with the individual members of Congress who whole movement of thought and trade and education and statesmanship mak- have sympathized with them, there ing more powerfully every day toward have ·not been enough to give the prothe idea of an inevitable solidarity of posal prospect of early success. There is, indeed, practically unanimous pubinterest between the United States lic sentiment in America that the and Europe, it becomes increasingly Filipinos should ultimately become in- dependent. Both of the great political difficult to argue with a straight face parties are committed to this. But when? Aye, there's the rub. Are the that what has turned out to be a bless- Filipinos fitted for independence, or ing for European nations would be a curse for us." A. J. B.

The WorId Court are they likely to be in the near fu- ture? They emphatically say yes.

HOWEVER, the next step for Amer- Much of this feeling is doubtless due ica is entrance to the World Court to the quite natural desire of any peoat the Hague. Three Presidents- ple to be independent of foreign con-

trol. It is equally natural that ambi- missionaries and non-missionaries tious Filipinos should think of the alike, the latter, in several instances, office~ that they would hold in an inde- being in the majority. Some of the missionaries declared that they did pendent government. Many of the common people, however, are reported not want to be protected by an armed to be influenced by the belief that, if force, and that they would rather take they were free from America, they their chances without it. In one case, would have lower taxes with continued a group of missionaries sent a protest prosperity. to this effect to the State Department in Washington; but the Department In Washington, the dominant con- viction has been that the Filipinos are replied in effect that the Government not yet ready for self-government and could not abdicate its responsibility to deal with American citizens as such, that it is the duty of America to con- tinue to hold them until they are irrespective of their occupation, and farther advanced. Now, however, the that it must act on its own information movement for immediate independence and judgment as to the measures that has received strong reenforcement in should be adopted. Well informed gov- ernment officials do not complain about Congress and that for a rather selfish reason. Under the present arrange- missionaries as a class, though they ment, sugar, tobacco, hemp and other sometimes object to the indiscretion products of' the Archipelago are ad- of a particular individual. Suppose mitted to the United States free of the missionary does occasionally need duty, so that America is the principal protection; he is a citizen, and what market for Filipino exports. This kind of a government is it which re- fuses to protect its citizens in their means that Filipino sugar comes into competition with the beet sugar grow- lawful undertakings? Noone ques- ers in the United States, and their tions the right of a trader, however representatives are advocating Fili- dissolute, to go wherever he pleases pino independence because America and be defended by his country in case can then impose a protective tariff of danger. Has not a missionary an that will restrict, if not altogether equal right to the benefits of his flag?

close, the American market for Fili- Scores of ministers and consuls have pino sugar! The disastrous effect of testified to the wisdom, peaceful influ- inde-pendence upon economic conditions ence, and beneficent work of mission- in the Philippines will readily be seen. aries. If any reader of these pages Whether the present Congress will desires further evidence, let him write take action is unknown at this writing, to the American Ambassador or Min- but it is undoubtedly true that the ister to any country that he has in movement for independence is receiv- mind. It is of course true that the ing powerful support. A. J. B. presence of any Americans in a for- Do Missionaries Make Trouble eign country sometimes occasions for Their Governments? problems, but on the testimony of Recent events in China have revived many government officials, missionthe old criticism that missionaries make trouble for their governments aries have caused fewer and less seriand demand the protection of gunboats. The fact is that the gunboats ous troubles than other resident Amerwere sent by government officials on their own initiative for the rescue of icans. The Hon. John Barrett, former their nationals as American citizens, American Minister to Siam, said that a hundred and fifty missionaries gave him less trouble in five years than fif- teen business men gave him in five months. A. J. B.

~~ETHODS fOR

EDITED BY MRS. F. I. JOHNSON, 150 Fifth Avenue, New York President of the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions BRINGING STUDENTS UP-TO- the culture of the old Indians. The DATE ON AMERICAN INDIANS second period makes inquiry concern- By MISS HELEN M. BRICKMAN ing the life and present problems of Indian students, their vocational needs Director, Religious Work for Indian and future place in society. The last Schools period is given to findings and discus- A new interest is awakening in the sion of what may be done by those present-day problems of the American wishing a deeper fellowship with In- Indians. During the last year an un- dian youth. usual amount of information and misinformation about them has crept into Since there is little available matemagazines and newspapers, and people rial regarding the latest developments are asking new questions. For ex- in the Indian situation-some inforample, "What really are the Indians mation is quoted in order to stimulate like today? Are the Indians standing investigation. A bibliography is also still during these days of rapid given. The material should be gone changes? Or are they, too, facing a over with the group in advance letting new and different world ?"-Indian individuals choose topics to investigate and to bring back for discussion.

students are asking questions, too. "How can the white people understand FIRST PERIOD us more? How can we be more broth- Why a.n Indian Problem1 erly and sisterly with white people?" Begin by asking each individual to they inquire. write the first five or six words which The following suggestions for use come to her mind at the mention of the with college and young people's groups word "Indian." Have these put on the are made in order to bring about an blackboard. Such words as scalps, understanding of the difficulties Indian massacres, paint, feathers, wigwams, girls of today are facing, and to pro- solemn, dirty, lazy are generally on the mote a neighborly spirit toward them. list. Throughout the study keep these So much has been written about "the in front of the class for reference, test- Indian problem" that white students ing constantly as to accuracy. Any consider it trite and are generally in- one of them will serve to introduce a different to it. Yet today a new and discussion of the treatment received by thrilling chapter is being written in the Indians at the hands of our early the history of the race-something no settlers. The leader may call upon in- student can afford to miss! !-for con- dividuals to present the following ditions have changed almost overnight. points of view.

The discussion method is used in 1. "The official seal of the State of this study which aims to provide ma- Florida pictures the Indian standing terial for at least three group meet- on the beach with outstretched hands ings. The first period aims to test the inviting the whites to share the land attitudes of the group, to recall the with him." (Red Man in the United early life of the race and to touch on States.) 207

"This country was ours before it SECOND PERIOD was yours" replied one Indian student In tile Wllite Ma.llS' Land when mlked why so many Indians volunteered during the World War. (Lake "For 2,000 years your ancestors have Mohonk conference.) been gradually building this world of today. In one generation the Indian "The complaint came not because of girl is plunged suddenly into this bedislike between white and red but be- wildering new world." (Indian pamcause the red man wished land for buf- phlet-Y. W. C. A.) falo ranges and hunting grounds. The Is the Indian girl getting the same white man desired farms and pasture chance at education that you are? for his cows." (Lake Mohonk confer- "Thirty thousand Indian boys and ence.) girls silently and wonderingly have left Imagine arguments in this contro- their mountain and desert homes and versy which wouLd be presented by In- traveled far to the big boarding schools dians and whites if bringing the case of the white man. School life is com- today, before the World Court. (The plex and puzzling after the simple entire period may be used for this if reservation life. They are bewildered taken seriously.) by the close companionship with hun- 2. "The belief became general in the dreds of other Indian girls and boys, early days that the solution of the the regularity and punctuality of habproblem arising 'between the white and its, new clothing, different food, a red races lay in keeping them as far strange language, unfamiliar tasks in the school, kitchen, dining room, printapart as possible." (Red Man in the ing shop, or laundry." (After School United States.) -What?-Council of Women for Home Missions, Home Missions Coun- "In order to keep the Indians docile cil.) and peaceable, clothing, food, and other necessities of life were doled out by List five changes that going away the government." (Red Man in the to school brought into your life. Do United States.) the same for the Indian girl attending a government boarding school. Do the segregation and ration policies referred to above help account for Consider the following questions any of your ideas about the Indians, asked by Indian students in boarding such as "[azy" or "dirty"? (see black- schools.

board) "How can we have good times with "Every man is as lazy as he dare to boys and still be doing the right be." (Lake Mohonk Conference.) thing?"-"Does God help anyone when Do you do more work than is neces- he prays for help?"-"What would sary "to get by" in your classes-in you do if you went to church and you your work? would not be thinking about church but had your mind on something else?" 3. "Some Indians proud of their -"What does the Bible mean, does it race and culture have no desire to be help anyone or not?"-"How can we as the white man is." (Red Man in make ourselves so that wherever we the United States.) By way of con- go we can get along with other people trast-"Whether they wish it or not especially in school?" Indian young people are losing their sense of tribal life and are becoming How do these differ from questions a real part of the city and town com- you discuss with your school friends? munities." (Social Heritage of the In- "After schooI-what-the old or the new? Back to the known, the tepee or dian Girl.) hogan, dancing ceremonies, idly sit- If you were an Indian student would ting around day by day? Or on to the you wish to give up the culture of your untried; to neat, attractive homes; to race and become like the white man? regular work for which one is trained;

19301 METHODS FOR WORKERS

to responsible and dependable citizen- such as will help the Indians to help ship and the chance of worshipping a themselves 7 God of love?" (After School-What?) List 4 or 5 ways that the Christian "Can an Indian [J1"Q.dnate earn a liv- Church has expressed it.s fellowship ing among white peuple?" a8kcd 01lB for this race.

boy. Should Indian students ret urn to the "An Indian girl serving efficiently reservations after school or go into as a stenographer failed to appear at towns and cities mingling with the the office one morning. She sent no whites? word. It was discovered that she went home because her grandmother was ill. How should Indian students fit "But why," asked her white friend, themselves for the life you suggest?

"did you not tell your employer?" How Your Students Can Help "Why should 17" puzzled the Indian girl. "I knew my grandmother first. List ways in which interested white She is dearer to me than he." students may help. The following are suggestive only. Would you employ an Indian in your home, hospital, office or school? "In- Get acquainted with Indian students dian boys and girls are flocking into whether on your campus or through towns and cities. Often their back- correspondence. Find out about Inground and experience do not produce dians in your town or city-conditions as skilled workers as found in their of living, work, church attendance. white brothers. If they find work it (Send data to Miss Helen Brickman, is with salary so low as scarcely to 105 East 22d Street, New York City.) sustain life. They can live only in the most squalid parts of the city. Interest other groups in the study you have just made.

There is no opportunity for healthy Find out about the Indian work of recreation and separated from fam- your Mission Board, Y. W. C. A., in- ili€s and friends they have no social terdenominational work in government ties to hold them steady. Many are boarding schools.

members of churches but an innate Help through financial gifts. They reticence keeps them from introducing are greatly needed.

themselves to white churches. Being (Suggestions and information may naturally religious this lack.of church be obtained from the Council of Womlife brings about an undermining of en for Home Missions and Home Mischaracter with all its resultant unso- sions Council, 105 East 22nd Street, cial behavior." New York City.) List aU the ways in which white students might help the Indians in ad- Useful Books justing to these new conditions. The Red Man in the United States.

THIRD PERIOD -G. E. E. Lindquist-Doubleday Do- ran & Co., Garden City, N. Y.-An in- What Has Been Done timate study of the social, economic Use blackboard to list your findings. and religious life of the American In- The leader may begin by writing New dian.

Information and Ideas gained about The Problem of Indian Administra- the Indians. Questions such as the tion.-Institute for Government Re- following will sharpen the discussion. search, Washington, D. C.-The report What have you learned about the of a recent survey containing the most early problems of the Indians that up-to-date and exhaustive material obmakes you more sympathetic with their tainable. (See pamphlets.) present situation? Good News Across the Continent.- Is the present educational program Mary Jenness-Friendship Press, New 4

York City-Leader's Manual for Pio- HOW SOME PASTORS DID IT* neers of Goodwill, by Harold Hunting; has a chapter on the American Indiall, (A SYMPOSIUM) listing sources and projects. So has Meet Your United States, by Mary Conducting n. Church School of Jenness, a leader's manual for a course in home missions. Missions The American Indian.-Paul Radin, By REV. R. E. EMMERT Boni & Liveright, New York, N. Y. Pastor, Elkhart Chri8tian Church Book of Indian Crafts and Indian Lore.-Julian H. Salomon-Harper & Nothing is more pertinent to the Bros., New York City. promotion of righteousness in the world than the missionary enterprise The Indians' Book.-Natalie Curtis of the church. The church has done a -Harper & Bros., New York City.- mighty work in saving men and women An offering by American Indians of by the outreach of the missionary in- Indian Lore, musical and narrative. terest. A greater work is yet to be ac- complished, and more church folk must Story of the Red Man.-Mrs. Flora be definitely interested in the study of Warren Seymour-Longmans, Green missions. The best way to interest & Co., New York City. A very read- more church folk in the mission cause able book which has a wealth of gen- is to have a church school of missions. eral information. One of the major reasons why some church people are not supporting mis- Pamphlets sions is because they are uninformed relative to the importance of missions Write to the Department of Interior, in the life of the church. Bureau of Indian Affairs, Washington, D. C., for Government Bulletins. The In conducting a school of this kind, following are helpful. the following plan may be followed with profit: The Social Heritage of the Indian Girl. First, a worship period. The open- ing exercises, to be of any permanent A Bibliography of Indian Stories for value to those taking the course of Young People, Bulletin 1929, No. 13. study, must be distinctly devotional and missionary in spirit. From twen- Education of the Indians, Bulletin ty to thirty minutes should be given to No.9. this part of the service. This part of the program must be adaptable to the Indian Missions of the United States, various ages in school. The responsi- Bulletin 1928, No.8. bility of conducting the devotional service can be carried on by different Indian Home Life~The Past-The members of the school. Present, Bulletin 1927, No. 22. Second, a period of instruction. Fol- Indian Art and Industries, Bulletin lowing the worship period the school 1927, No.4. should assemble in different classes for instruction. These classes are The Problem of Indian Administra- formed according to the ages of those tion-Institute for Government Re- taking the course. Those who are search-Washington, D. C.-Summary chosen to teach must be definitely inof findings and recommendations. terested in missions, and a compre- hensive view of the subject is no small Nineteen Hundred Twenty-nine Re- part of their preparation. Specific and port of Lake Mohonk Conference.- definite preparation is also essential Mr. Henry G. Miner, Lake Mohonk, to good teaching of the mission N. Y. Publications of Indian Depart- thought. 'Fully thirty minutes should ment-National Board, Y. W. C. A.- be given to the study of missions. 600 Lexington Avenue, New York City. *From the Herald of Gospel I.iherty. Indian material-Council of Women for Home Missions-Home Missions Council.

METHODS FOR WORKERS

'I'HIS SPLENDID DISPLAY WAS PREPAHJiJD BY RF.V. H. S. HAHDCASTLE, PASTOR 'J'IlE SUFFOLK, VA., CHRISTIAN CHUllCH, AND WAS USED EXTENSIVELY DOllING THE :-JISHIOXARY EDUCATIONAL PEHIOD Third, a closing period. In the clos- The Missionary Education Movement, ing exercise the different classes reas- the Council of Women for Home Missemble for the closing part of the pro- sions, and the Central Committee on gram. This part of the program can the United Study of Foreign Missions be made very impressive by emphasiz- have prepared these studies in both ing each time the importance of the home and foreign work and adapted course in the life of the church and them to the different grades. the value of a broader vision of the mission cause. It might be that some one would ask, "How could you get started in this Elkh.art, Indiana, work with opposition against missions and more especiaUy against dropping A Plan for Mission Study the regular lessons of the Sunday- school period?" In answer to this, I By REV. H, H. SHORT wish to say that you will almost have to have a working staff of teachers and Pastor, Hagerstown Christian Church offkers meeting regularly in council whose business it has been, and will We believe that everything that is continue to be, to decide on all matters to be studied in a way to make it pos- pertaining to the work of the school. sible for every person who should be A pastor or superintendent who is ininterested to know of the matter, terested in missions can then easily should be presented in the church's get things done if he can convince the department of education. group that the matter in mind is alto- gether worth while, Missions is a subject of interest to aU Christians, and those who are pre- In this matter of mission study I paring for Christian living should be know whereof I speak. In our local instructed in the work of missions. church we have been conducting a mis-, With this thought in mind, we would sion school for the past five year.s, seek to have missions taught in the Many questions were raised; amopg . Sunday-school. Lesson material is others, the matter of attendance.dur-. now prepared for every grade of pupil from the primary to the adult classes,

ing such a six-weeks' period. With but a music leader and pianist. Stress the one exception our attendance has been fine opportunity for detinite Christian better during the mission study period service involved in every task, and than during any other Rix weeks' peri- don't take no fo), an answed The folkR od of the year. are willing to serve when they think the work worth while. Plan the school The kind of place of meeting will with sessions of just one hour, for six have something to do with the plan- mid-week services during the home ning of the work. Our first mission and foreign mission periods of your study was put on in a two-room build- church program. Begin announcing ing. In this case, instead of having the mission school and making perthe regular classes, we divided the sonal solicitation for enrollments three work as follows; Two classes in the weeks before the school opens. main auditorium-young people and adults, and the primary and juniors in Be prepared! Be prompt! Be peppy! one group in the other room. The lat- And the job is done. ter group received its mission instruction during the story period and in "There is no excellence without story form, using picture stories in great labor." some cases. In the young people's and adult cass~s the best teachers for the A school of missions is worth all it lecture method of teaching were se- costs and more. Try it and see! I lected as teachers with permission to speak from the happy experience of call any help for the presentation of the past six years in small churches. any phase of the work. This plan in all cases worked out splendidly. South S%n, Ohio.

Hager,~town, Indiana. How I Conduct Missionary Training How I Conduct a Mission School in a Rural Church By REV. D. G. PLEASANT By REV. J. T. BROOKS Pastor, South Solon Christian Church Pastor, Bethel Christian ChUl'ch Squeers said; "The best way to There may be differences of opinion learn a word is to do it." The best way as to how to conduct a mission school. to conduct a mission school is to con- A mission school to me and my church duct it. Every going church can have a is the one conducted that brings remission school if it wants it. The best sults. plans and methods must be adapted to local church and community situations. In the first place, a missionary spirit No better plans have been suggested must be created; and second, that than those of our own Mission Depart- spirit must be maintained throughout ment. Take the mission education the year if results are to be had. leaders of your church into your confidence and sell your plan to them. Of course, there must be a plan and Counsel with them in the selection of that plan must be the plan that will textbooks and other needed literature work and bring results. Different for at least three classes-children, plans may work in different places. young people, and adult. In confer- Some churches put on a six-weeks' proence with your leaders, carefully select gram each year. Assemble for eats your three best people for teachers- and a half-hour social, then assemble consecrated public school-teachers pre- for class work. This is mighty fine if ferred-and furnish each with a sub- it works in your community and restitute teacher; select a good, live sults follow; but if this is not followed executive for director, one of your up with a continuous program throughyoung people for general secretary, out the year, you haven't accomplished very much. The period is too short.

To accomplish a purpose we must be continually at it. First, every church should have a living missionary society with a competent leader for president,

carrying out the prepared program Solo-"I Know Whom I Have Beeach month. This Bethel has. Second, lieved." we have two mission cIasses,-a primary and a junior. Each class meets every Anxiety. two weeks, making a class every Sun- I say unto you, that likewise JOY day. These classes are taught by a deeply spiritual missionary teacher, shall be in heaven over one sinner one that sincerely believes in missions. that repenteth, more than over nine- These classes meet during the church ty and nine just persons which need hour. Third, six weeks before the gen- no repentance. Luke 15: 7. eral offering for home and foreign missions we put on a ten- to fifteen- Song-"Rescue the Perishing, minute program just before the church Care for the Dying." service. Literature is furnished by the home and foreign secretaries. These Gladness programs are very interesting. These things I have spoken unto These have been our plans for sev- you, that my joy might remain in eral years. They have grown into us you, and that your joy might be full. and we have grown into them; they John 15: 11. have become a habit. Song-"Come Ye That Love the Farmer City, Illinois. Lord."

MUSIC METHODS Enthusiasm And he said unto them, "Go ye T/I18 won find pl"iZ(' at th(; Chrlttt(luqun llll-ltittttj~ of Poreign JliJ-o;iQlls, 192n, into all the world, and preach the Gospel to every creature." Mark 16: Courage 15.

AN ACROSTIC Song-"Speed Away! Speed Away!" By MRS. S. M. HAZLETT, Tarentum, Pa. Pmyer.- Come, dear Christ, and teach us, Christ Overcome our night; Unite us in endeavor to And Simon Peter answered and Right the world with "Light." said, "Thou art the Christ, the Son Anxious are we to serve Thee of the living God." Matt. 16: 16. Gladness would we bring Enthuse us with Thy Spirit and Song–"My Hope Is Built on Courage from our King. Nothing Less." -Amen. Overcoming YOUTH IN SCRIPTURE AND SONG Be not overcome of evil, but over- come evil with good. Romans 12: By MRS. HOWARD ROGERS 21. 1'hi.'f 1f"On (l. prize at the Chautauqua Institute Song-"Yield Not to Temptation." of Porcion :jJ{i881on8~ 1929.

Union Promise of Vision And they went forth, and preached And it shall come to pass afterward, everywhere, the Lord working with that I will pour out my spirit upon all them, and confirming the word with flesh; and your sons and daughters signs following. Mark 16: 20. shall prophesy, your old men shall dream dreams, your young men shall Song-"Blest Be the Tie That see visions. Joel 2: 28. Binds." "Open Mine Eyes That I May See." Righteousness Prepal"ation for Life But seek ye first the kingdom of God and his righteousness; and all The Cross. And Jesus said unto these things shall be added unto you. him, (the rich young ruler) If thou Matt. 6: 33.

wilt be perfect, go and sell that thou Salvation, From a child thou hast hast, and give to the poor, and thou known the holy scriptures, which are able to make thee wise unto salvation shalt have treasure in heaven : and through faith which is in Christ Jesus. come and follow me. Mat. 19: 21. 2 Tim. 3: 15.

"Must Jesus bear the cross alone?" "My Faith looks up to Thee." Consecration. My son, give me thine heart, and let thine eyes observe my What might be the result if Chris- tians were to begin now in preparation ways. Provo 23: 26. for next year to place the Christ in the "0 Master, let me walk with Thee." Concentration. "(My son,) study to center of the heart of our children as the author of their Christmas gifts? show thyself approved unto God, a workman that needeth not to be IBelieve Ii or Not _111' lUPl.l~Y ) ashamed, rightly dividing the word of truth." 2 Tim. 2: 15.

"Awake my soul, stretch every nerve."

Pursuit of the Christian Life (The Ol'igilJtll uf SUlltll 1~lau8) LI:-; THE l'A'I'HO:" :-;01:"' 1' Four-fold De1Jelopment. And Jesus 0]" 'I'll lEVI,;; increased in wisdom and stature, and in favor with God and man. Luke 2: (Read carefully, prayerfully, the word- 52. ing under the picture. I have verified its statement). "Take my life and let it be consecrated." Especially should missionaries con- sider this suggestion. I have talked Conflict. This charge I commit with a number of Nationals and find unto thee, son Timothy, . . . that thou their judgment conforms to the sugmightest war a good warfare; hold- gestion. ing faith, and a good conscience. 1 Tim. 1: 18, 19. Will you kindly write me your re- action? Thank you. "The Son of God goes forth to war." Self Control. Young men likewise THE WINDS OF LIFE exhort to be sober minded, In all things shewing thyself a pattern of "One ship sails East and one sails l!"ood works: in doctrine shewing un- West eorruptness, gravity, sincerity, sound speech, that cannot be condemned. By the selfsame wind that blcws, Titus 2: 6-8. It's the set of the sail and not the "Dear Lord and Master of us aIL" The Challenge. Let no man despise gale thy youth; but be thou an example of That determines the way it goes. the believers, in word, in conversation, in charity, in spirit, in faith , in purity. "Like the winds of the sea are the 1 Tim. 4: 12. ways of fate "Jesus calls us o'er the tumult." A~ we journey on through life, Pal,ticipation in Life It's the set of the soul that deter- J01). Rejoice, 0 young man, in thy mines the goal youth; and let thy heart cheer thee in And not the stress nor the strife." the days of thy youth. Ecc!. 11: 9.

"Rejoice, ye pure in heart." Confidence in Life. Remember now thy Creator in the days of thy youth. Ecc!. 12: 1. "This is my Father's world."

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION

EDITED BY MISS FLORENCE G. TYLER, 419 Fourth Avenue, New York STORY OF ANNUAL MEETING most significant of the three. He Federation of Women's Boards of pleaded for an increased interest in the work of these Latin American Foreign Missions neighbors, toward whom the churches have such a great and as yet scarcely By FLORENCE E. SMITH The essential unity of the Christian recognized responsibility.

task and of the people who are work- Miss Sarah S. Lyon outlined the ing at it, both in America and in for- changes which the Y. W. C. A. has eign lands, was once more ably demon- found in its world service between strated by the meeting in Atlantic Stockholm in 1914 and Budapest in City, January 11-14, of the Federa- 1929, due to the forces released by the tion of Woman's Boards of Foreign World War-hate, force, materialism Missions of North America. A dis- and social anarchy. When, in 1920, a tinguished group of 175 women, repre- meeting was attempted in Switzerland, senting 44 boards and societies in the it was found impossible to think United States, Canada, and many longer in terms of groups related to fields of foreign service, met in The an alma mater; whole areas had to be Breakers Hotel. Its walls were hung included in our thinking. Representa- with flags of different lands, and the tives from Germany and France met international and interdenominational at that time, and it was spiritual character of the group was accentuated power that held the group together. by the program of the ensuing days. At Budapest in 1929, three major de- The Program Committee was happy cisions were reached: (a) To estab- in its selection of three young women lish headquarters for the World's to direct the periods of worship at the Association in Geneva; (b) to make beginning of each session. These were a study of industrial relations and Miss Eleanor White and Miss Alma world economics; (c) to study the re- Adams of New York, and Miss Sarah ligious situation and setting for the Molloy of Philadelphia. They made Association in each country.

each service a spiritual treat, Miss Miss Henrietta Roelofs, vice-chair- White giving trained leadership to the man of the National Committee on the singing, with Miss Molloy at the piano, Cause and Cure of War, gave a thrill- and Miss Adams reading carefully ing account of the meeting of the 1n- chosen selections. "Worship Through stitute on Pacific Relations in Kyoto.

Music" was the devotional theme. All delegates were from sovereign The first evening Dr. Daniel J. countries but two -Korea and the Fleming outlined the trends and sig- Philippines, which have no vote, but nificance of the meeting of the evan- can participate in discussions. Six gelicals in the thirteen countries of years ago this Conference discussed the Caribbean area at Havana in June, the Exclusion Act, and two years later, 1929. He stressed its Latin leadership relationships between Great Britain and the proposed Federation of and China. At this conference there Churches not only of that area but of were four major problems: (1) The all Latin America. Forty of the 199 impact of the machine age on tradi- delegates to Havana were women. tional cultures; (2) Manchuria; (3) This was the third of the Latin Amer- extraterritoriality; (4) diplomatic reican Conferences, beginning with lations in the Pacific area.

Panama in 1916, continuing in Monte- At the beginning, Miss Roelofs said, video in 1925, and in Havana in 1929. suspicitm and hostility were in the air. Dr. Fleming found the last by far the So the discussion began with the ques- 215

tion, "What is religion 7" This was beloved spiritual guide, led the medi- sufficiently objective and impersonal to tation, using as her theme, "The Chal- be discussed without animus, and after lenge of Love." She quoted a scientist four days the Institute could get as having said that man in relation to around to Manchuria and similar deli- the immensity of the universe is an cate subjects. The early speeches, insect too insignificant to be seen by a necessarily prepared at horne, were powerful glass. Love is the one ca- laden with national feeling and claims pacity that the insect, man, has for for rights; but later milder counsels transcending itself. Love is not a prevailed. Soon China and Japan were sentiment, but a force, the greatest discussing their different viewpoints force in the world. Jesus is the per- and possible solutions for problems in fection of self-forgetting love. Miss a wholly amicable spirit. They moved Conde said there never was a time on from a statement of rights to find when the youth of the world were so a procedure which would solve the dispairing about the meaning of life.

problem. It was a marvelous example It is because they have not yet learned of the type of conference which is how to use the law of love; they have needed today. In the past, the main not seen it in the lives of their older instrument of national policy has been guides.

armed force, but now it is corning to The service Sunday evening brought be the conference table. world opportunities and needs to our To many it might sound strange to door. Three missionaries spoke on speak of a Sunday in Atlantic City as "The Spiritual Implications of Our holy, but no other adjective will apply Task" – Miss Florence E. Smith, of to the Sabbath during this Conference. Santiago, Chile; Miss Alice Appen- The Spirit of God was manifestly zeller, of Seoul, Korea, and Mrs. Elgin present. Dr. Henry P. Van Dusen, of Sherk, of Teheran, Persia. Miss New York, led a profound and search- Smith traced the beginnings of evaning discussion of "The Practice of gelical work in Chile through the ef- Worship"-what worship is, what it forts of that beloved missionary statesdoes, what it requires of the ordinary man, David Trumbull, and its subse- Christian. He defined worship as the quent growth and influence in the expression of our deepest faith and as country, in challenging even the State a discovery. "Worship is always path- Church to more liberal interpretations finding into new fields." Worship of religion. Miss Appenzeller told of stimulates thinking. We need to re- the faith and zeal of the early Chrisclaim the world of thought and re- tians in Korea and of her work among deem and discipline it in religion. The their daughters and granddaughters in objective of worship, he said, is iden- Ewha College at Seoul. Mrs. Sherk tical with the objectives of religion, indicated some of the spiritual imviz., fullness of life with God for the plications of the task which are comindividual and for all mankind. mon to us all, givi ng many telling il- Growth in the life of God for all man- lustrations from the horne life of kind is what we mean by the Kingdom Persian women.

of God. Religion concerns the whole The Sunday meeting concluded with of life. The great test of worship is, an impressive service led by Miss Mar- do I corne forth from my experience of garet Burton in memory of four personal worship or of my service of leaders who have entered into Life the cooperative worship with a fuller and past year: Miss Jennie Lois Ellis, of freer life? Philadelphia; Mrs. Luke Johnson, of An open forum followed this ad- Nashville; Miss Ella D. MacLaurin, dress, but space forbids detailing the of New York, and Mrs. D. Everett questions put to Dr. Van Dusen. Waid, of New York.

At four o'clock a Worship 'Service Reports are apt to be taken as a was held. Miss Bertha Conde, well- matter of dry routine, but the reports

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

of the different committees of the Fed- of the task; b. missions as one of the eration were faseinating, showing, as great factors in internati~na} rehltionthey did, the breadth and scope of the fsuhriplso·~gch. the message of mlSSlOnanes on Federation's interests and activities. to be one which takes into ac- count the viewpoint of youth; d: the a~­ vantage of presenting other natIOnals III Miss Gertrude Schultz, chairman of this country to young people's groups; the Central Committee, reported for e. programs of missionary societies to be the Committee on United Study of more carefully prepared, with a view to Foreign Missions that an edition of interesting young people.

80,000 copies of "From Jerusalem to Mrs. Jeannette W. Emrich spoke on Jerusalem" had been exhausted and the activities of the Committee on another of 10,000 is coming from the World Friendship for Children. Since press. She described the new study sending the 30,000 friendship school books for women and children for bags to Mexico last year, a Committee 1930-31, and displayed the first copies. on World Friendship has been formed in 21 of Mexico's 28 states. A course Some of the activities of the Com- in World Friendship is now included mittee on International Relations, of in the curriculum of primary schools which Mrs. Silverthorn is chairman, there. The school children of Mexico relate to motion pictures as shown are preparing to return the compli- ment by sending 48 exhibits of the paabrrtoiacdi~atsieocnu roi nf gt hsei gUnna ti tuerde sS tfaotre s t hi ne arts and industrie~ of Mexico, one for each state in the U. S. A. The Comthe World Court, and forming right mittee is now preparing a gift for the social relations. Its work is closely children of the Philippines which will related to another Committee on Mis- take the form of a Treasure Chest. sions and Government under the lead- Emphasis was laid on suitable books ership of Mrs. Darby, which has to do as one of the gifts in this chest. with negotiations with governments, questions relating to immigration, A letter from Mrs. Henry W. Peaextraterritoriality in China, and sim- body was read by Miss Schultz, outilar matters. lining the future of the World Fellow- ship of Christian Women. In attendance at the meeting of the Federation there were representative Miss Margaret Wrong, Secretary of young women who are in touch with the International Bureau of Literastudent groups. The President asked ture, spoke on "What Shall Africa them to meet together and formulate Read 7" There are 1,000 languages things which they would like to have and dialects in use south of the presented to the entire group. As a Arabic-speaking part of Africa. Corpart of the consideration of missionary rupt literature in French and English preparation and student work, thIs is finding its way into that country. group was asked to present some reasons why enlistment in foreign serv- Mrs. Hough spoke on the observance ice has of late declined. Some of the of the World Day of Prayer, March 7, reasons enumerated were: as a means of family fellowship al 1. Uncertainty, in view of changing over the world. conditions, whether a life work as for- Renewed emphasis was placed on the merly can be pledged. 2. Greater educational requirements. Students often can- study books and schools of missions, not or do not wish to spend so much time the World Day of Prayer, the imin preparation as is required. 3. The portance of including young women in need of a new type of missionary, not to all missionary groups and committees, work for a people but with them. 4. more Christian literature for women Change in the Christian philosophy. of and children in foreign lands, inlife. Serious doubt even as to the eXIst- ence of God. 5. Inadequate idea of what creased use of THE MISSIONARY REa missionary is. VIEW OF THE WORLD, special prayer for The group stressed: the women of Russia, and the vital a. The attractive presentation of mis- importance of an adequate observance sions, emphasizing the large implications of this anniversary of Pentecost. EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 East 22d Street, New York Executive Secretary, Council of Women for Home Missions LOOAL AOTIVITIES Unions, etc., consequently it was not a missionary federation that resulted, In ln2~. three issues of the Bulletin re- but a federation with an inclusive counted activities of local "romen's interde· program. Nevertheless this federa- JlolllillUtioJlul grnnns: :Iuy told of the Cartha~e~ tion had a strong missionary depart- TWuniH. ~l'nlln formf'« in lS~O: .Tunf'. of St. ment, consisting of the strongest Louis, formed in 1897; October, of Stockton, available member of each denomina- California, organized in 1~96. We are happy tion, with a chairman in charge of the briefly to present in this issue ::wtivities of several other groups and 1a ter news of Stockton.

Forty Years in Des Moines Our Des Moines Interdenomina- whole. Until this federation was tional Missionary Council was organ- formed there' had been no permanently ized in 1889. Mrs. A. L. Fi"isbie, a organized group to conduct the Day of Congregational pastor's wife, felt that Prayer for Missions. Such gatherings the missionary women in the various for prayer have been held in each of churches of our city would enthuse the twenty-three years of the federaeach other to greater activity if they tion's existence. A Missionary Instiwould meet together occasionally in tute has also been held each year of prayer and service. the twenty-three. At the time that Bostonians were enjoying "The World For the last fifteen years we have in Boston" I remember most vividly had an Extension Conference, a fall arranging and carrying through an school of missions that lasts one week excursion from Providence when 800, with an outside paid speaker. One women were brought here to see the home and one foreign interdenomina- exposition and pageant. And then the tional book is studied. The expense "Orient in Providence" was held, and is met by voluntary gifts of the va- our committee had charge of the litrious churches that belong. We have erature table. no fixed membership fee. Our World Day of Prayer meeting is always very In the Jubilee of 1910 our committee well attended and serves as an inspira- was of great assistance to the Comtion to all the women. mittee of 100 because we had all the facts that they would have had to dis- We belong to our City Federation of Women's Clubs and so have many cover. We had the directory of mis- civic and educational contacts. Some sionary presidents in all the churches, of our women are working in the the facts as to number and names of citizenship schools. denominations, the geographical di- We celebrated our 40th Anniversary visions of the city and the churches by putting on an historical pageant. listed therein. This is a cold, bare MRS. A. J. PALAS. outline but you, who know missionary In New England Since 1906 work, can fill in the women touched and interested, the volume of prayer The Providence Federation of Wom- that has ascended through the years, en's Church Societies, now the Rhode and the quickening knowledge that has Island Federation, was formed in 1906 been disseminated. Strong churches because of a social need which could learned also to bear the burdens of the only be met by the united effort of an weak, for where there were no leaders interdenominational group of church for study classes in weaker churches women. Because it was a social need leaders were supplied by stronger the presidents called together were churches. There has been no salaried presidents of Ladies' Aids, Social worker and no budget. Willing hearts, 218 enthusiasm for the movement, and for two days with a fine pageant on faith in Jesus, the leader, were what the evening of each day. It was a very enabled the work to go on. great success.

Somerville, Massachusetts, formed a Time fails me to tell of Lynn with similar federation in 1915 because re- its forty churches, and Portland with sults in Providence made us feel that its twenty-five, and all the rest. The no community could afford to be with- two accounts given in something of out the benefit of such united effort. detail must suffice as a picture of the We have had various well-known whole, where more or less the same is leaders for our Missionary Institutes. done. One year we had a monthly study conducted by our own women. One year We have to date fourteen Federawe had evening meetings for young tions of Women's Church Societies women. We have given five pageants here in New England. to large audiences in a large hall, raised the money for the land on which (MRS. E. TALMADGE ROOT) our Italian Mission Church is built, GEORGIANA M. ROOT. gave a church warming party which furnished kitchen and pastor's study, Omaha, Nebraska. and for many years have largely supported the Daily Vacation Bible School. Our Women's Church and Mission- One hundred and seven were enrolled ary Federation of Omaha grew out of in this school last summer. This year, a Missionary Jubilee Convention held as each year, We are planning for a here in October, 1910. The object of Conference of our· missionary presi- forming this organization was to dents to talk over a training course quicken missionary projects in Chrisfor Sunday-school missionary chair- tian education and have a closer comen. operation between the evangelical, Protestant churches of the city. The Over thirty dolls were sent to Japan, program carried on for the first few and given a farewell reception to years was to have missionary speakers which the children givers were invited. and a little later a mission studycIass This was really a children's missionary during the summer. In late years we meeting as we had a fine program, have had a summer Vacation Bible then the dolls were displayed for a school, helping a mission in East week in the Public Library where Omaha in the poorer section of the everyone got a message. Some sixty city. This has been most helpful and Mexican bags were sent, and a meeting a most worthwhile undertaking for us. was held which was addressed by Mrs. Emrich. Again you must read be- Two years ago there seemed to be tween the lines and feel the warmth a great demand for a social welfare of love and effort. worker, so with the cooperation of the Council of Churches we together pay When Mrs. Peabody was raising the for and sponsor a social welfare money for the Union Christian Col- worker, who does some office work and leges of the Orient, and was fearful attends juvenile court cases in our bethat Massachusetts might fall below half. These court cases are followed its quota, our Federation had a whirl- up and given all possible help within wind campaign and raised $500 in a our means and jurisdiction. The first week, after most of the churches had year we had a worker trained in this given denominationally. particular line. There is not a doubt in our minds but that it is the greatest We had Miss Laura Parker in many undertaking the Federation has ever of our Federations to give her illus- done, and seeing and knowing the trated talk on Migrant Work. great need of it we hope this good work will go on and prosper, be en- Worcester, our largest Federation larged and well nourished by the Fednumbering seventy-four churches, gave eration membership. recently "The World in Worcester" The budget for the welfare worker

is raised by apportionment according which is next door. This last building to membership. It was cut this year is called our "Good Will Industrial to barely cover the year's work, to Department." Have cobbling done lighten the load for the churches, but there, also have a room fixed up with we do not know as yet whether that used clothing, furniture, etc., which is was a wise move for us. Dues in the sold when we can, and given away Federation are $1.00 per organization. when necessary. We installed two showers this summer. We have three (MRS. R. H.) SARAH I. FAIR. very good buildings; enough lot left for another building. Our dreams are Springfield, Ohio to tear down the Sunday-school build- ing and build a large substantial build- In 1914, Mrs. C. C. Jones, of our ing; the lot is right next to it. The city, started a night school for foreign work is growing and we are so proud people, teaching reading, writing, sew- of all the activities. ing, Bible. In the first sewing class there was only one woman. All as- (MRS.) ANNA K. DUCKWALL. sistance was gratuitous. At that time we had in our city a Union Interde- Filipino Center in Stockton nominational Federation of Mission Study (later called Union Missionary About six years ago the wife of one Society). This organization saw a fu- of the prominent doctors in Stockton, ture of mahy opportunities in this California, caught the vision of doing night school of Mrs. Jones and asked some work among the 8,000 Filipinos her to start a settlement work which in and around Stockton. The resulting they would help sponsor and enlarge. Center has been greatly blessed in the So in January, 1916, the Union Settle- number of leaders it has trained. An ment Work was organized. The meet- ordained Filipino worker, converted in ings or classes were held in a room this Center, is now giving much of his downtown. As the classes increased, time to the work. Two Filipino boys, larger quarters were necessary. An graduates of the local high school, conold residence was purchased on faith verted in the Center, have entered colwith borrowed money and was ar- lege, one at Ashbury College, Kenranged to accommodate the growing tucky, the other in Pasadena, Caliclasses. As soon as this building was fornia. while a third boy. also conpaid for, another building close by on verted in the Center, is at school at the same lot was available at a very San Diego. modest cost. It was a saloon and when prohibition came in, this saloon had to Then there is Mary Area, a Filipino close, so we got the building very girl, who graduated from the local cheap. Had to borrow that money, too. high school in February, and who won The saloon was transformed into a first place in the public speaking conbeautiful Sunday-school room. After test recently held in the high school. acquiring the two buildings, we were She caught her inspiration in the incorporated in March, 1922. Center and hopes, after training, to go back to help her people in the Islands. Our budget is raised with the aid of the Community Fund, churches con- The women of Stockton are also tributing stated sums, other organiza- helping financially and by personal tions, patronesses and associate mem- service in the local Mexican, Japanese bers. About a year and half ago, after and Chinese work. These activities our debts were paid on the other two are not carried on through the women's buildings, we were fortunate enough organized groups, but are largely supto have the opportunity to buy the twin building of our first building ported by the same women. * * ""(-' nr~ iIHlt'htf'Q to lfjss Enunn C. Neu- miller, of Stocl.;:ton, for these facts.

prayer, the study of the Word, and

up-building of Christian life. Nearly Sudan Interior Mission 2,000 assembled at Cholo, while similar, though smaller, conventions were held SINCE 1900 there has been steady at Nkhate and Likubula. expansion in the Sudan Interior Mission, organized in 1898 by Rowland (2) The Bible is exalted among the Bingham, an Englishman. There are native Christians. They love it, and now 132 missionaries in active service. make much of it, both in their worship Over fifty native churches, all self-sup- and in their homes. A well-known misporting, are in existence. Thousands sionary-traveler, when visiting the stathrong these churches and Sunday- tions, remarked upon the place given schools every Lord's Day. Schools have to the Bible; the forest of hands upbeen established in which the Scrip- lifted when a show of Bibles was called tures are the .textbook; among them a for; the fact that even at the dayboarding school for girls, which trains school the children brought their own Christian wives. At most of the sta- New Testaments with them, and that tions there are dispensaries. The hos- the most coveted gift they could repital, first of its kind in Nigeria, gave ceive as a school-prize was a copy of 93,000 treatments last year, and every the Word of God. one coming received the Gospel. Ten languages and dialects have been reduced to writing and the Scriptures Missionary Flight Planned translated into them. The mission's PLANS are under way for the first income in 1926 was about $170,000. missionary air expedition, a flight The contributions of the native Chris- to an almost inaccessible region of tians last year were $3,200, given by Southwestern Africa, to be undertaken men and women whose daily wage is by the Oblate Brotherhood of Cologne, but sixteen cents and ten cents re- Germany. The expedition will be to the pagans of Ovamboland, in South~ spectively.-S. S. Times.

In Nyasaland western Africa, one of the least-known places on the globe. The missionary, TWO leading features in the work who was a German air pilot in the of the Nyasa Mission during the World War, made a promise in his stupast year have been the establishment dent days to Father Otto Fuhrman, a of five native churches with native pas- veteran missionary, that some day he tors and church officers; and the de- would take up the work in Africa, and sire which some of these churches $100,000 has already been subscribed express to send their own missionaries in Europe for the project. It is planinto Portuguese East Africa. Two in- ned to launch the expedition in the stances indicate that blessing has at- early Spring of 1931.-N. Y. Times.

tended the.Mission's work.

I (1) The Annual Native Convention Suppressing Native Languages is the great occasion of the mission F A newly enacted law is enforced, year, when from all the villages native native Christian people of Portu- Christians and their friends travel to guese East Africa will be entirely de- the central stations, many walking 30 prived of the use of the Bible in public miles or more, to spend a week-end in worship.

221

This law of the Portuguese Govern- in Belgium which will supplement the ment prohibits the use of the native present telegraphic communications tongues by the missionary societies in with Congo, and at the same time ill- Mozambique. One article reads as fol- augurate telephone relations with the lows: "In all religious missions, the colony which now can only be carried official language in the religious teach- out via Paris or Berlin. Included in ing, as well as in any other relations the plan is broadcasting for Congo. with the natives, is the Portuguese language." A qUalifying clause al- M. Lippens is also actively negotilows the temporary employment of the ating for the establishment in 1930 of spoken language in religious teaching, the Franco-Belgian air service which while the knowledge of the Portuguese will link Brussels and Paris with language is not general among the na- Congo and Madagascar each week. tives, but the use of any literature in Brussels would then be six days from the native tongue is forbidden. The Leopoldville instead of eighteen or Society has published the Bible in nineteen as at present by steamer. Ronga, and there also exist versions in the Tswa and Tonga languages. EUROPE Missions in Portuguese Colonies Friends of Evangelical Christian Unity FOR some years the missions have T HE annual meeting of this move- been expe'riencing difficulties in the ment was held this year in Bergerac Portuguese colonies both in East and in the Dordogne Valley. The move- West Africa, and the situation has ment was organized in 1920 to bring grown more acute with the pUblication about closer relations between German of new legislation recently in Portu- and French evangelical Christians on guese East Africa. These laws insist a religious basis. The object is to be upon the possession of a certificate of attained by means of conventions and primary education by every native by cooperation in works of Christian preacher or teacher of religion, and love. The annual conventions are held forbid any written use of the native alternately in France and Germany. languages. These appear to the mis- There are· already more than 1,400 sionary societies to be incompatible members. The head of the movement with religious liberty, which, in the is Pastor Jules Rambaud, D.D., of case of the British missons, is guar- Bad Homburg. anteed by treaty. This year's meeting was held in a While the missions cannot but wel- locality of southern France, in which come the interest in the education of the teachings of Luther gained access the natives shown in the new laws on as early as 1520. To this day the porthis subject, they nevertheless believe trait of Luther is hung in the Rethat some of the regulations-such as formed Church of Bergerac. There the insistence upon buildings of stone are seven congregations in the Dorfor every school throughout the terri- dogne Valley that have lived through tory-will tend to defeat their own ob- the times of religious persecutions. ject by closing large numbers of schools. The whole situation is re- This is the seat of the institutions ceiving careful attention. for the "Works of Christian Love" that were started by Pastor Jean Congo Brought Nearer Boss and the first of which was a home for orphaned and morally imperilled M MAURICE LIPPENS, honorary girls. In the community of Laforce • governor-general of Congo BeIge there are new homes for sufferers of and now minister of railways, marine, all kinds, especially for epileptics. posts, telegraphs, telephones and aero- The tenth of such homes is being nautics in Belgium, has placed an erected. Laforce, with an institutional order for a "beam" type wireless post congregation of 600 members of whom 500 are inmates, has been called the French Bethel. The addresses de-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

livered at the convention correspond ment for a bill to enable them to conto this environment. summate union under certain condi- tions. These conditions provided that Under the influence of this conven- given a final vote of 75% in all three tion an exchange of theological stu- Conferences i'n the year 1931, union dents has been inaugurated. Special can be achieved in 1932 and the first attention is devoted to the spiritual United Conference meet in 1933, excare of Foreign Legion soldiers of actly twenty years after the commence- German extraction.-Kirchenzeitung. ment of negotiations.-Indian Witness.

German Mohammeda.ns Russian Mohalll'llledans THE Islam Institute in Berlin sug- SINCE the formation of the Soviet gested the formation of a commit- Republic, many Mohammedans, tee for German Mohammedans, which have left Russia and settled in was actually formed at the beginning Esthonia, where there are now about of 1929. The organization consists 300. Finland also has Mohammedan of Moslems of German nationality settlers to the number of about 950. who have become adherents of this religion. They have subscribed to an Alliance of Jews agreement whereby they will settle all 'disputes with other Mohammedans be- A NEW movement has arisen in fore an Islamite court. All have Hungary to bring into an Aladopted Arabic names in place of liance all Jews who believe in Christ, their baptismal names.-Devaranne. whether connected with a church or not. The leader of this movement is To Starve Out Religion Dr. Foeldes, a Hungarian Jewish lawyer and prominent jurist who is T HE following has been received also a Christian. When interviewed from Russian sources believed to regarding the Alliance, Dr. Foeldes be authentic: said: "One fundamental basis is that everyone has a right to live his own "Some time ago the Soviet authori- life as a Christian, and we do not deties permitted the Baptists to publish mand adherence to any dogmas or 25,000 Bibles in Moscow, and 25,000 creeds. The only requirement for New Testaments with Psalms in the membership in the Alliance is a contown of Harkow. This work was fession of faith in Christ. That alone stopped before it could be completed. holds us together. Everyone is wel- The magazine The Baptist of Ukrainia come to our conferences, and whoever has ceased to exist, and the magazine visits us once will be fully convinced The Bapti.~t has to undergo so minute that we are not a mystical sect, but a a censorship that the Czarist regime company that believes and teaches the would be jealous of it." Bible as the Word of God and the truth in Christ as it is written and Methodist Union in England without distortion."

METHODIST bodies in Great Brit- The movement was known in Ger- ain proposing to unite are the many before the war and has greatly Wesleyans, with a membership of 517,- developed since then. It is spreading 000; the Primitive Methodists, 224,- in France, England and also in Amer- 000 and the United Methodists 145,000. ica. Negotiations started in 1913, and a definite scheme was ready by 1919, but Fa.mous French Seminary opposition, chiefly among the Wesleyans, has resulted in delay. A mag- THE Paris Theological Seminary, nanimous spirit on all sides has made founded in Strassburg during the it possible for one after another of Reformation, is responding to inthe leaders of the opposition to come creased demands for theological trainover to the side of union, and last year ing of students from Czechoslovakia, Methodist leaders petitioned Parlia-

Roumania, Poland, the Balkan States, Of the 91 counties included in the sur- Japan, and the United States. Grad- vey 50 are in Missouri, 30 in Arkansas uates of this Seminary have served and 11 in Oklahoma. This area is every section of France, as well as im- 85% rural; its people very largely pOl·t~nt parishQs in England, Belgium, native born white, and for the most Switzerland, Germany, Holland, Amer- part would be classed as Protestant ica and the missionary lands of Africa, rather than Catholic. Headquarters Indo-China, Madagascar and Tahiti. are in the Y. M. C. A., Springfield, Mo.

The roll of its alumni is a blue book of religious leadership. Religious Press Conference Huguenot Hospital THE fourteen editors of religious periodicals who attended the an- L A SYMPATHIE," the mission hos- nual meeting of the Executive Com- pital of the French South-East mittee of the Federal Council of Mission, in Dig n e, Basses-Alpes, Churches in Chicago, December 4-6, France, has been in operation a little had an interesting conference for the over a year. There are 57 patients in discussion of their common problems.

a building built to accommodate fifty. Dr. Paul S. Leinbach, editor of the The hospital has been a great boom to Reformed Church Messenger and the Protestant sick of the region, and Chairman of the Editorial Council of has furnished a wonderful opportunity the Religious Press Association, pre- for evangelization. In the Province of sided. The Conference recommended Basses-Alpes there are over 200 vil- to the Committee on Motion Pictures, lages. Patients are coming from many appointed by the last meeting, that it of these, and upon their return to arrange for a frank conference with their homes take the Gospel message. officials of the motion picture industry, The plan of the mission is to follow up and that, in preparation for its report every such opening. A colporteur has to the next meeting, it undertake to been secured to take advantage of secure as many pertinent facts as pos- these opportunities. He will traverse sible concerning the present situation.

the region, visiting in the homes of all Plans were made for the next an- ex-patients, holding meetings, preach- nual editorial conference, which will ing the Gospel, and distributing the be held in Washington, D. C., April Scriptures. 29 and 30, under the chairmanship of Dr. Leinbach. A committee, which NORTH AMERICA was charged with responsibility for Couperation in the Ozark. outlining a series of topics for the CHURCH superintendents and su- conference consists of John van pervisors of mission work are Schaick, Jr., of the Christian Leader; more keenly aware than ever before Dan B. Brummitt, of the Northwest- that close cooperation between the va- ern Christian Advocate, and U. M.

rious denominations is necessary if McGuire, of The Baptist.

the people in the average rural com- munity are to be afforded adequate Friends Consider Union religious privileges. A survey now AMONG the many movements toward being made promises real progress. A f i church union, the newest de- local Ozark Committee of the Home velopment appeared at the "All- Missions Council, representing eleven Friends' Conference" held in Oska- denominations having churches in the loosa, Ia., last fall. An effort was Ozark country, has recently been begun to draw into fellowship the four formed for the purpose of making an bodies known as Orthodox or Con- "Every Community Church Survey" servatives, Liberal or Hicksite, Wil- of the upland counties of Southern burites, and Primitive. The Orthodox Missouri, Arkansas and eastern Okla- or Conservatives, mixed with Progres- homa, popularly known as the Ozarks. sives, number nearly five to one of the

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

total Friends in the United States; classes in the United States, Canada Liberals or Hicksites have upward of and a few foreign countries. This 16,000 members; Wilburites number- large supply of the "Gospel in Print" ing 3,500 are quite Conservative, with consisted of 40,829 books of the Moody a touch of the oldest conservatism, Colportage Library, 43,872 copies of while the Primitives are very few in the Evangel Booklets, 60,779 copies of number and occupy an independent at- the Pocket Treasury (a collection of titude. Scripture portions, songs and helps), 42,957 attractive gospel tracts, 4,413 To this Conference came Friends Emphasized Gospels of John, and 1,817 from all parts of the United States New Testaments-a total of 194,167 and Canada, from England, the old copies. This was sent in 8,218 ship- London Yearly Meeting, from Ireland, ments to every state in the Union; to from France, Germany, Japan, Aus- Canada, Alaska, Porto Rico, the Philiptralia and other countries. pines and six foreign countries. It was furnished to the teachers and Divisions which have interposed the more important differences received attention, and it was agreed that since scholars of 1,824 mountain /lchools, peace has been from the first a cardinal and the inmates of 1,100 penal instituprinciple of Quakerism, much can be tions; to patients in city, county and gained by removing the spirit of dis- national hospitals; to pioneers, lum- sension among its groups. berjacks and others.

President Hoover is a member of the Orthodox or Conservative group. Change of Heart7 For Crime Prevention T HE California Commission on Im- migration has issued the following A NATIONAL Commission on Crime Rules for the Treatment of Foreign- Prevention through Moral and ers: Religious Education is to be organized Don't snub foreign people. Make by the Church League, an interdenom- friends of them.

inational organization wit h head- Don't laugh at their questions about quarters at 156 Fifth Avenue, New American life. Answer them. York City. The purpose of this commission will be to supplement the work Don't profit by their ignorance of of President Hoover's Commission on American law. Help remove it. Law Observance and Enforcement. Don't mimic their broken English. The plan is to discover on the basis Help correct it. of all ascertainable facts how effective is the present moral and religious edu- Don't call them offensive nickcation in keeping those who receive it names. How would you like it yourout of criminal careers, and also to self? suggest practical ways in which appropriate moral and religious educa- Don't make the immigrant hate tion can be extended to one half of the America. Make him love America. In other words, be an American-and be a Christian.

youth of America from 5 to 18 years Conference of Negro Educators A of age who are not now receiving such CONFERENCE of presidents and theological deans of the major training from any source, Protestant, Roman Catholic or Jewish. Negro schools, maintained in the Shipments of Christian Literature South by the American Baptist Home Mission Society, was held in Atlanta, DURING December, the Bible Insti- Georgia, October 9-11. The first day tute Colportage Association of was devoted to a consideration of the Chicago mailed seven and one-half religious condition of these colleges. tons of evangelical Christian litera- The second day took up the theological ture to accredited workers for free departments of the schools. While distribution among several neglected the total number of students for the 5

ministry remains practically the same, feat has not been the conversion of a the number pursuing full theological certain number of Japanese but the courses is greater than ever before, foundation of a vigorous native though inadequate to the needs. The church. It is the test of Christianity third day was given to the needs of that it can adapt itself to all civilizathe average Negro pastor, especially tions and improve all, and the future in the rural districts, and to the pos- lies with the native church in Japan." sible methods of giving him a broader outlook and better methods, and ele- Unl'eached Millions mentary training for his work. The schools unanimously approved the es- MANY in America are inclined to tablishment of ministers' institutes, believe that Japan has advanced designed to start the ministers who so far in Western civilization that she attend them in courses of study which has discarded idols, that ancient faiths will be continued in ministers' clubs have lost their hold and that it is only and correspondence courses. It is a matter of time before she will behoped to secure the cooperation of come the Christian nation of the East. Negro state conventions and national While this may be true of the eduorganizations of white state conven- cated upper classes, it is by no means tions, of each of the theological true of millions of the lower classes. schools, and of the Home Mission Thousands of artisans, fishermen and Society and friends in the North. boatmen, petty shopkeepers and la- borers are practically untouched by JAPAN the Gospel, while in many a village and hamlet there is not one witness The Gospel's Power for Christ. The farmers, too, are practically unreached. On all these, CHRISTIANITY is recognized by old religions and superstitions have a the Japanese Government as one firm hold. Ancestor worship, fox worof the three religions of Japan. ship and other cults are mixed up with Though the number of openly pro- Buddhism, and in nearly every house fessed Christians is comparatively there is the god-shelf with its idols, small, Christian influence is firmly its flowers and rice offerings. The rooted in the life and thought of the Church of Christ has scarcely begun nation. It is interesting to note that to touch these people. They can be a Japanese playwright, in 1928, pro- effectually reached only by Japariese duced in the Imperial Theatre, Tokyo, Christians.-C. M. S. Gleaner. a drama entitled "Christus," follow- ing very closely the Gospel story, World Wide Task of Missions carrying it through to the risen, liv- ing Lord. The appreciative response REV. A. EBISAWA, General Secre- of the audience, largely non-Christian, tary of the National Christian was significant. Council of Japan, paid a second visit to America as a delegate to the Inter- Another evidence of the lliace national 'Missionary Council at Wil- Christianity has won is the recogni· liamstown, Mass. He writes of this tion it receives from non-Christian visit: Japanese leaders who' acknowledge, not only its influence upon Japanese "1 found many changes in American Hfe, but the power it has had in their life, due to the development of me- 'own personal lives and the difference chanical civilization, and to material it has made in their thinking and con- prosperity. Nine years ago, when traveling through the States, I was al- duct. most in blind love, idealizing every- The Japan Advertiser on May 15, thing American; but this time I found that 1 could not remain alto- 1929, had an editorial "Has Chris- gether in blind admiration. I came to tianity Failed in Japan?" The writer feel that we also have to share in aRserts: "Their [the missionaries'-, great

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

sympathetic attitude the burdens of and one young Japanese (Mr. Yoshiour Christian leaders in America. da), in the new building. By re- Surely the world has many troubles. markable Providences and by archi- Each nation and people has its own tectural work for income, the Mission peculiar problems; but it is the high has 'grown till now it comprises privilege of us Christian brothers to about 100 workers, and has spread its be able to share each other's burdens activities into many parts of the provfor the glory of our common Lord. ince. The property is held by a Foun- My heart leaps with joy when I look dation incorporated in Japan as the forward to the great task ahead of us. O'illi Kirisutokyo Jizen Kyokwa Our new Government, the Hamaguchi Zaidan, which insures the permanency Cabinet, has just started a 'Spiritual of its work. The Mission's platform Mobilization,' calling for the coopera- is: tion of all social and religious organizations to meet and help in the solution 1. To preach and practice the Gosof the national, economic and thought- pel in the Province of Omi without life problems. It gives us Christians reference to denominations. There another opportunity to redouble our being no "Omi Mission Church," conefforts, and perhaps even to lead the verts are organized into self-supportreligious and social workers of other ing congregations of the denominasystems. I helieve the time has now tions of their own choice. come when our churches, being somewhat developed, will be able to enter 2. To practice the complete unifyinto real cooperation with the churches ing of the work and fellowship of of other lands in the work for the ad- Japanese and foreign workers. vancement of the Kingdom in all the world. Real world-wide cooperation in 3. To evangelize communities unfulfilling the last command of our occupied by any other Mission, and Lord, 'Go ye therefore, and make dis- under no circumstances to overlap ciples of all the nations,' is really just with the work of such Mission. beginning." 4. To evangelize Rural communities, Rural Evangelization as the most conservative element of mankind and the most probable source T HE Omi Mission is an undenomi- of ,leadership. national experiment in rural evangelization, supported by voluntary 5. To seek, enlist and train leaders contributions. It was founded in and workers. 1905 by Wm. Merrell Vories, who came to Omi as teacher of English in the 6. To work for social betterment, local Government academies. In his including temperance, social purity, own house he conducted Bible classes marriage customs, industrial, physical for students. About 30 were Boon and sanitary reforms, and definite efbaptized and a student Y. M. C. A. forts for the neglected. organized. The Herbert Andrews Memorial building was erected for 7. To study and experiment with this work. The rapid spread of Chris- new methods of evangelization. tian influence caused suspicion and opposition, which resulted in pressure Relief for Night Workers upon the school authorities. Mr. Vories was offered a renewal of con- NIGHT work from 11 p. m. to 5 tract only upon promise to give up all p. m. for young persons and womreligious activities. This was, of en working in factories in Japan came course, impossible. to an end on July 1, 1929, the prohi- bition affecting approximately 1,000 In April, 1907, the second period of young persons and 196,000 women. this Mission began with one foreigner Hereafter Japanese cotton mills will be operated on a two-shift basis from 5 a. m. to 11 p. m., and the actual hours of work will be reduced from 10 hours to eight and one-half a day.

Many factories celebrated the day. The industrial association of the Oka-

yama Prefecture requested its affili- as their life occupation. The future of ated factories to have all their em- Syria is tied up with a number of re- ployees examined medically on that ligious and economic problems, but no day and to start courses in athletics, need is more important than that of and it has set apart the date to be ob- Christian home making. Three years served annually as "health day." Some ago the Presbyterian Church initiated factories are planning for their lei- an educational project new to Syria sure-time activities to include lessons -the Sidon Girls' School. The study in flower arrangement, artificial flow- course was planned to cover six years'

er-making, and etiquette, as well as in training in food, clothing, home man- language, ethics and cooking. agement and child care. One of the first graduates is now dietician in the WESTERN ASIA Lebanon Y. W. C. A. camp, the first Syria Ha. Mental Ho.pital Syrian girl to fill such a position.

T HE Lebanon Hospital for Mental The plant as originally designed is Diseases is not in the forefront of now complete and consists of the adpublic thought, but in a quiet, unosten- ministration building, with class rooms, tatious way it is doing splendid work auditorium, office and reception room in Syria. Interdenominational and in- and laboratory, and four cottages ternational in character, it is a com- planned according to the prevailing plete unit for the treatment of mental type of Syria home architecture. Each afflictions in a country where provision contains a teacher's room, two sleeping for illness is far behind either Pales- rooms for girls, bathroom and kitchen.

tine or Egypt. Ten girls and a house mother live in The work haG been achieved by a each cottage, the house mother being group of international committees, one of the teachers. Seventy boarding Swiss, Dutch, American, Syrian, Eng- students can be accommodated. lish and Scotch, who charged them- selves with the responsibility of A Welcome Change framing policy and providing capital, and who have furnished and equipped SOME time ago, owing to restrictions this hospital for 30 years. The doors in regard to Christian teaching, of the hospital have not been closed which the Turkish Government had imthrough all the vicissitudes of famine posed, the Jewish Mission Committee and revolution, political change and of the Church of Scotland came to the war, and the one aim has been to heal conclusion that their mission in Conall sorts and conditions of men, not stantinople (or Istamboul, the name only of their mental diseases but of now insisted on) would have to close. their spiritual diseases also. lt is now reported by The Record of the Church of Scotland that a change The need is great and accommoda- has come over the authorities, who have tion is very limited-only one bed to expressed a desire that the work should every 16,300 people in Syria, whereas continue. The report continues: "This, in Palestine there is one to every 6,000 of course, could only be on the Comand in Egypt one to 4,500. The hos- mittee's terms, and it must be gratifypital is full to overflowing. The total ing to friends to learn that the scheme income for the year was $40,000, the devised by Rev. R. C. Macanna, and greater bulk of which was derived approved by the Committee, has been from patients' payments.-Evangelica~ adopted."-The Christian.

Christian.

Home Economics in Syria Changes in Afghanistan H OME Economics education i.n Syria NADIR SHAH, King of Afghani- is in its infancy, but famIly con- stan, in a recent proclamation Bets sciousness is strong, and the majority forth the future policy of his regime of girls look forward to homemaking in the following ten points:

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

1. The principle of Islamic law posed, also, to repudiate the British (Hanafi) will be the basis of the ad- debt, the interest on which is said to ministration. 2. Total prohibition of reach the enormous total of $2,500,- alcoholic liquor. 3. Establishment of 000,000 annually.

a military school and arsenal for man- To this must be added China's rev- ufacturing modern arms. 4. Continu- ocation of extra-territorial rights, ance of King Amannullah's relations which affects Great Britain more than with foreign powers. 5. Restoration any other nation; the unsatisfactory of telegraphs and telephones. 6. Re- conclusions of the commission of in- conditioning of all roads. 7. Energetic quiry into the Palestine Arab-Zionist measures for the recovery of arrears feud; rioting in Nigeria, Africa; in- of revenue. 8. Development of com- tertribal warfare in Bulow&, South mercial relations with foreign powers. Africa; an uprising at Apia, Samoa; 9. A progressive educational policy. and smoldering volcanoes in Egypt and 10. The old Council of State to be con- Mesopotamia.

tinued and a Prime Minister to be ap- pointed who will form a cabinet World Alliance for Friendship subject to the approval of the king. THE Executive Committee of the World Alliance for International Friendship through the Churches met GENERAL Significant Events for the first time on French soil last I N THE leading editorial of the No- September. In ten years this organi- vember number of Jewish Mission- zation has made very great progress. ary Magazine, Dr. Thomas M. Chalmers, Director of the New York Jew- There are now national branches in 31 countries and the Alliance com- ish Mission, points out seven notable mands international respect. The events of the present year which have French Government went so far as to striking significance prophetically. send a telegram wishing all success to These are: the Papal-Fascist concor- its meeting at Avignon. That the Aldat; the proposed revival of the Jewish liance is capable of handling a difficult Sanhedrin for the retrial of Jesus; task is shown by its quietly settling, the formation of the Jewish Agency, at Avignon, a complicated dispute of uniting Zionists and non-Zionists in long standing between its Bulgarian the restoration movement; the Arab- and Yugoslav members. Jewish riots; the proposed International Bank; the enlarged Peace and The work of the Stockholm Contin- Safety propaganda; and proposals for uation Committee has a profound increating the United States of Europe. terest for the Alliance and at its last meeting it accepted almost all the resolutions passed at Eisenach. It Portentous Events further proposed that in case of dec- T HE "White Man's Burden" has laration of an aggressive war or of passed from poetry into grim real- violation of international law, the ity. Recent developments indicate that Churches should refrain from all col- India is to be Britain's most important laboration with the defaulting State.

problem this year. The Indian Na- It organized two stimulating summer tional Congress voted, January 1, 2, schools last year. The one at Vau- by a vote of 994 to 6, to secede from marcus brought together students, the British Empire and to maintain agricultural laborers and employees, complete independence. The plan of and a group of the Knights of Peace.

the seceders is said to be to enter im- Discussion centered around the ques- mediately upon a campaign of civil dis- tion: Is it possible to be a good Chris- obedience, nonpayment of taxes and tian and an intolerant patriot at the noncooperation with the British gov- same time? The gathering voted that ernment. The British authorities are "the Churches should condemn all characterized as intruders. It is pro- wars, arising out of causes not sub-

mitted to international arbitration or He says that Protestant missions declared contrary to the decision of own and control 858 hospitals with the International Court." Another 31,264 beds. In these 389,712 patients group from eight different countries have received medical attention, out of met at Schloss Westerburg (Ger- which 198,844 were operative cases. many). Here too the problems of There are 1686 dispensaries in which peace and of the Church and modern last year 10,441,539 consultations were youth were discussed. held, while there were also 137,152 house visits. 'THE World Alliance for Peace number of December 15th of There are now 513 native doctors the periodical PortugaL Evangelico (male) and 99 female doctors in the various fields, together with 2,597 male is devoted to the subject of world assistants and 2,861 female, besides 1,085 trained nurses, peace. This number brings a long re- For every 25 mission workers there port by Alfredo da Silva on the Con- is now one medical missionary. The largest number are working in Asia ference held at Avignon in France. where there are 596 male and 321 fe- male doctors, and 640 foreign nurses. After giving the history of the China and India are the preferred countries, having in China a total of movement and the effort to make it 499 doctors and 327 hospitals with 16,- 608 beds. India has 297 doctors, two effective in every country, he reports medical schools for women, recognized by government and enormous hospithe meeting itself. This was attended tals. Africa with its 140 million natives has however only 157 doctors among by 39 delega'tes, one from each country whom 15 are women with 282 foreign nurses. These few have to fight sleepparticipating. He reports as the chief ing sickness, yellow fever, tuberculosis, syphilis, the evil effects of the slave topics engaging the attention of the trade, alcohol and the most unhygienic conditions. conference the subject of disarmament The rest of the missionary medical and the resolution to set aside one forces are divided among Turkey, Au- stralasia, Latin America and the Unit- Sunday, preferably the Sunday before ed States, In China 279 of the hospitals are self-supporting. Christmas to bring before all 'Chris- The European participation in this tian people the problem of peace and magnificent work is small in compari- son. The entire continent furnishes the obligation incumbent upon them to only 89 doctors, Great Britain 518 and the United States and Canada 700. bring about the ideals of Christ in re- Educational Comm.i••iollS gard to universal peace. This idea he THERE were presented to the Comrecommends to the thoughtful atten- mittee of Reference and Council proposals for two educational commistion of the readers of this Portuguese sions, one for Japan and the other for India. The appointment of such a paper which is the organ of the Meth- commission to Japan was heartily en- dorsed by the committee and plans odist Church of Portugal. . were suggested looking toward the ap- pointment of such a commission when EL Suspension of a Religious Paper the. way seems clear for it. A list of MUNDO CRISTIANO which has been appearing for thirteen years in Mexico has suspended publication for one year with the hope of resuming after that time. The reasons given are largely those connected with financial retrenchment. The number in which this is announced is a very beautiful Christmas number which makes the fact stand out with particular sadness, Medical MissioDS DR, OLPP, of the Institute for Tropical Diseases In Tuebingen, publishes in his last report, some very illteresting figures about medical missions.

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

subjects which might form an outline in a proper spirit, can be considerof the commission's responsibilities ably amplified." was suggested. With regard to the commission for India the committee Gandhi Did Not Lead Indian Congress had before it the very carefully drawn proposals of the National Christian MAHATMA GANDHI refused to Council of India, supported by the con- accept the chairmanship of the ference at Agra and by the various Indian National Congress, which met provincial educational associations and in Lahore December 31. The secreother bodies, together with certain tary of the Indian Freedom Foundasuggested terms of reference which tions, which has headquarters in New had been outlined by the representa- York, regards this as a most signifitives of the British boards having cant development in Indian affairs. work in India. The proposal for the The leader nominated to succeed commission was approved in general Gandhi is Jawarharial Nehru, son of and the officers were requested to take the Pundit Motilal Nehru and leader up the matter with the various na- of the Swarajists, or Home Rule party, tional organizations concerned with a in the Indian Legislative Assembly. view to securing agreement on the He is an extremist, the opposite of terms of reference and the necessary Gandhi in policy, and the young Inpersonnel for the commission as well dia party which he leads declares for as finances. It is proposed that the complete independence. For ten years commission should consist of seven Nehru, who is thirty-seven and a members, two to be appointed by In- graduate of Oxford, has been active dia, two by Great Britain, and two in the militant campai~n fQr freedom. from North America, with the seventh He believes that Gandhi's era of pasmember as chairman to be appointed sive resistance and noncooperation is by the International Missionary Coun- at an end.-Missi()n.~.· cil. The present expectation is that this commission should go to India Purdah Patients during the winter of 1930-31. A VISITOR to the Ludhiana Wom- INDIA en's Christian Medical Center describes what she saw: Gandhi Ask. for Milk Each patient occupied a private ward, ONE of the subjects studied by Dr. supplied with a lattice door to the cen- Kenyon L. Butterfield, agricul- tral courtyard, and a back entrance to tural leader, now on his way to In- the street. Crouching around were various dia on behalf of the International members of the family,-the grand- Missionary Council, will be a plea for mother minding the smaller children, improving the cattle and increasing the milk supply for the children. and the husband recliriibg at ease in a Mahatma Gandhi recently wrote to Bishop Fred B. Fisher: long chair, keeping laz9·,"guard over the observance of the strict. regulation "What American friends may do in giving constructive help (for the In- a which must in no wise be relaxed in the dian children) is not to send doles of charity but to send expert knowledge unfamiliar setting of Christian hosin dairying-true philanthropists who pital. He came and went freely by the will give knowledge for the sake of street door, but might never pass through giving it, and who will study the con- the swinging lattice into the court, for dition of India's cattle and show us as no other man might ever look upon the way of improving our breed and the woman whom he had married, so the supply of milk from the existing must he never see the face of another cattle. This idea, if it is entertained Mohammedan's wife.

The demands of the Hindu patient are even more exacting, for she may touch no food unless prepared in a special kitchen by women of her own caste, and hospital arrangements must adapt themselves to these requirements. The exigencies of a surgical operation, how- ever, often require a patient to take nourishment from the hand of a West- ern doctor or non-caste nurse, and the

'consequent violation of social tradition case. Cancer of the mouth and tongue calls for most drastic action. Before is preeminently the type of cancer the woman may resume her position in most easily and hopefully treated by her own household she must submit to radium." rituals of purification which demand that she bathe in sacred waters and par- Dehra Dun Girls' School take of the five products of the cow. 'l'HE Seventieth Anniversary of the Christianity Stands Third .1 American Presbyterian Mission T'HE Presbyterian reports that Christians now stand third among Girls' High School was held September all the religious communities in India. 27 to 30 at the school in Dehra Dun. In the census of 1921, their number The school was opened as a Day was nearly five millions. The rapid School with about fifteen' pupils in growth of the Christian community 1856. The following year it became a since 1881 is indicated by the follow- boarding school. In 1868 grant from ing table showing the proportion per Government was received, eighteen 10,000 of population: acres of land were purchased and the present building was built to accom- 1881 1921 modate 150 girls. To this has later been added a gymnasiurn with class- Hindus …………. . 7,197 6,589 rooms on either side. Plans are now Sikhs ………….. . 63 96 in preparation for a new dormitory, Moslems ………… . classrooms, and more equipment. In Christians .. : ……. . 2,260 2,407 1876 came the first marked educational Buddhists ………. . 58 123 success in the passing of the Higher 465 Middle Examination for boys by the 172 first girl ever admitted to a public examination in India. That this high The percentage of increase of re- standard has been constantly mainligions in India from 1881 to 1921 is tained is witnessed by the large as follows: Christians, 150 per cent; number who pass the Government ex- Moslems, 37 per cent; Zoroastrians, aminations each year. However, the 20 per cent; total population, 24 per primary aim of the school is not to cent. promote scholarship, but rather to de- velop Christian character, and equip Radium for Neyyoor young women for the fullest possible service.-Indian Standard. AS A result of the casual mention .tl. which Dr. Howard Somervell Santal Mission made in a recent wireless talk in Eng- THE Santal Mission is operated land about the Neyyoor L. M. S. Hos- jointly by three Lutheran Boards, pital, of his desire to take back a sup- one in Norway, one in Denmark, and ply of radium when he returns to one in the United States. The mis- South India, he has received gifts sionaries are recruited from each of aggregating $800. Radium of the these three countries, but are organvalue of this latter sum, he tells a cor- ized and work on the field as a single respondent, "will enable us to treat unit. Reports show there are 17,169 about 100 to 150 cases each year, with Christians. Average church attendmuch greater prospect of cure (and ance totals 6,205, while the average much less work for me incidentally) number of communicants is recorded than would be the case by operation as 1,889. A good gain was made for alone. Moreover, many cases that we the period under review, which was 15 now have to send away to die a miser- instead of the usual 12 months, owing able death could, with radium, be to a change in the system of keeping saved and often completely cured, so the records. Baptisms numbered 630 great is the advance that radium children of Christians and 1,069 contreatment has made lately. We do over 200 operations a year on cancer of the mouth alone, possibly the largest number done by any hospital in the world for this particular class of

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

verts from nonChristians. In addition The capture had been carried out in to the fifty-one missionaries twenty- the same place and by the same band two pastors, 225 elders, 70 Bible wom- of alleged Communists who carried en and 143 teachers are engaged in the off the Rev. Ulrich Kreutzen, Michigan work of the church. missionary, Nov. 11th. Father Kreut- zen later was released on payment of a CHINA small ransom.

Fanrlne Over Wide Area ANNIBALISM is added to the hor- Religion in the Schools C rors of famine and cold, reported U to have taken 2,000,000 lives in China NDER present government restric- tion, religious subjects can not be within eight months. Another 2,000,- taught, nor chapel services held in 000 persons are said to be doomed to schools. The Boys' School of Lintsing, die by starvation. met this by employing a preacher to George Andrews, a missionary born work among students outside school in Kansu Province, after nine months hours, while in the Girls' School a Y. of relief work there, said famine, dis- W. C. A. was organized. This group ease and exposure in Kansu, Shensi held meetings once a week, conducted and Shansi provinces had caused one classes in the evening for school emof the most terrible situations ever ployees, Sunday-school classes in the experienced in China, and that pros- city and evangelistic work in the hospects for the coming year are that pital. In the spring, however, the Northwest China probably will experi- school board insisted upon the disconence a plague of disease and famine tinuance of the Y. W. C. A. because that will be the worst within human the schools must have a uniform stumemory. dent organization with no religious Relief work in the interior provinces exercises. The girls, much displeased, of Shensi, Kansu and Shansi, is ex- decided that it was about time a·clear tremely difficult because of the rugged showing was made as to who were, mountainous country and difficulty of and who were not Christians. As a transporting supplies. He expressed result, nine joined the church by bapsorrow that missionaries and relief or- tism and five or six on probation. ganizations had been able to save only a small proportion of the afflicted. In spite of a small attendance on Sunday, there are two voluntary Bible Mr. Andrews testifies that he wit- classes led by Christian workers outnessed many instances of cannibalism, side the faculty, with a good enroland that although authorities at first ment, and grace before meat was voltried to stop the practice, they later untarily organized. abandoned the effort. Many books and periodicals of help- Missionaries Kidnapped ful character and religious tone are readily available for student reading. REV. S. W. K. SANDY and the Rev. E. H. Livesly, representatives of Chinese Banditry the British Wesleyan Mission at Ta- yeh, in Southeastern Hupeh Province, THE stations of the Liebenzell Mishave been captured by bandits, who sion in the province of Hunan are are reported to be holding them for a in constant danger at the hands of the large ransom. bandits. The Alliance Mission of Bar- men has sent home a long report de- Three hundred Nationalist Govern- voted almost entirely to this evil. One ment soldiers sent from Hankow to Tayeh to rescue the missionaries, of its missionary families has been joined the Communists upon arrival robbed of everything three times durat Hwangshihkang and are said to be ing the last year. In the south of assisting the Reds in their occupation Kwang-tung there is a large strip of of Tayeh, a Communist stronghold. territory entirely in the hands of the

robbers and to which no soldiers ven- LATIN AMERICA ture. Nursing in Peru Although banditry is a Chinese evil and missionaries formerly were able T HE Evangelical Union of South to continue their work unharmed by America is an amalgamation of negotiating with the robbers, the evil several smaller organizations. The has assumed a much worse form, since fact that South America was left out these robbers are very largely mixed of consideration at the World Missionwith communists and are determined ary Conference at Edinburgh, in 1910, to wipe out religion. Chinese Chris- roused several leaders to united action tians, catechists and pupils are being on behalf of the Neglected Continent. captured and some are put to death The South America Evangelical Misunder the most atrocious conditions. sion in Brazil united with the Argen- tine and Peru missions of the R. B. Since the middle of August, three M. U., and they were joined a little missionaries of the Basel Mission, later by the "Help for Brazil Mission." Kilper, Walter and Fischle, are in cap- At Keswick in 1912 the fusion was tivity, and a demand has been made for completed and the E. U. S. A. came a ransom of $2,000,000.00 Mex. It is into being. There has been steady not intended that any ransom be paid, growth since that time. since then all missionaries would be in constant'danger of being kidnapped. Back in the mountains of Peru, Miss The missions for the same reason have Pinn and Miss Michell labor in a reconstantly refused to pay ransom for mote Indian village, innocent of every captured Chinese Christians. The ordinary comfort. They live in a little wives of the captive missionaries are adobe shack, and carryon district displaying the utmost heroism in rec- nursing. "Distracting nursing" many ommending that no ransom be paid. would call it. These ladies crawl into the Indian huts, and without the help Chinese Home Missions of a doctor, undertake the most des- perate cases. There is no light save WRITING of the progress of the what comes through the low door. Chinese Church, The Chinese Re- The dirt is unspeakable, the place is corder describes the work of the Chi- alive with vermin, and the patient has nese Home Missionary Society, an nothing but a filthy sheepskin for a organization supported by Chinese bed. Any cure under such conditions funds, governed by Chinese officers would seem miraculous, but as a matand employing and sending out as ter of fact recovery is the rule. All deputation workers Chinese mission- day long the Indians come for mediaries. The Society is well organized cine, and every night the ladies hold a and is at present supported by eight gcspel meeting in the Quechua lanlocal societies. The Recorder com- guage.-The Chl'iNtian. ments thus: "Not many years ago the Chinese were criticised as having little The Bible in Cakchiquel or no missionary spirit; as knowing nothing outside their own lands in the NINE years of labor have culmiway of Christian progress. This can nated in a translation of the New no longer be said. This Society, which Testament into the Cakchiquel Indian began work in Yunnan alone, is now language of Guatemala by Mr. and branching out to Turkestan, Man- Mrs. W. Cameron Townsend, missionchuria, and other parts. The Chinese aries to these Indians. Mr. Towndelegates to Jerusalem were asked at send tells of some of their difficulties: Singapore if they could extend their "Humanly speaking, the task was imhelp to that part. It is likely that in possible. The language was unwritthe future the word 'Home' will be left ten. There were no teachers who out of the title and it will become 'The understood grammar. There were no Chinese Missionary Society.''' competent linguists to undertake the task. After two months of arduous

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

questioning, writing and comparing, Fetra. Hundreds of women now prom- we discovered a few of the elementary inent in the life of Chile, including rules of the language and formulated daughters of several presidents of the something of a vocabulary. It has republic, have been educated in the been a long road from that small be- college. Recently the trustees pur- ginning to the classification of over chased a site of seven acres upon the 2,000 verb forms. We have come to edge of the city, upon which it is greatly respect the Cakchiquel lan- planned to erect a group of modern guage. It is not an evolved language school buildings.

like English, but exists in its original purity to a remarkable degree.-Bible Mission for Diamond Miners Society Record. A FEW years ago diamonds were American College in the Argentine discovered east of Burity in suf- ficient quantities to draw diamond THE American College in Buenos miners from all over Brazil, and to Aires, largest city of South Ameri- open up a large section practically unca, announces itself a "Venture in inhabited, except by Indians.

Friendship." Believing that in Chris- Some of the diamond miners were tian education there is more power to believers from other parts of Brazil, solve the problems of international re- and they asked missionaries to send lations than' in battleships or secret someone into the new field. Rev. and diplomacy, this school is a good-will Mrs. A. C. Salley have itinerated dur- approach to the establishment of per- ing all of last year, by truck and Ford, manent international acquaintance and not only in the Matto Grosso section understanding between the Americans of this district, but also in that part of the North and those of the South, which extends into the state of Goyaz.

and is an interdenominational enter- They found the field absolutely unoc- prise conducted by the Methodist cupied, and so vast that it was decided Episcopal Church and the Disciples of they should work the Goyaz section Christ. and Rev. A. J. Martin the Matto Gros- Buenos Aires is a southern melting so section, this year.

pot. The industrious northern Italian, Work among these miners differs the evangelical Waldensians, the hard- from regular work in that the popula- working Gallego, the restless Catalan, tion is ever shifting. A man interested the energetic Basco, with a good share in the Gospel found in a certain loca- of French, Portuguese, German, tion by the missionary on one of his Czechs, Swiss and others are fusing visits, may be found in quite a differ- into a vigorous race. In the American ent location the next time the mission- College are representatives from them ary comes around. Men form at least all, including the English colony and 70 per cent of the population. Nearly a small number from the United everybody attends the meetings when States. the missionary arrives.-Presbyterian Advance.

For Santiago College THE completion of $150,000 by the ISLANDS Board of Foreign Missions of the Kagawa in Loo Choo S Methodist Episcopal Church, making INCE Mr. Kagawa returned from an evangelistic· trip to the Loo available an additional $150,000, for a new building and equipment for San- Choo islands he has been arousing tiago College for Girls, Santiago, Chile, Japanese moral sentiment to respon- is announced by Dr. Ralph E. Diffen- sibility for reform in those outlying dorfer, corresponding secretary of the dependencies. Mr. Kagawa says he is board,150 Fifth Avenue, New York. the first Japanese ever to visit Loo Santiago College was organized in Choo as a sociological investigator.

1880 by the Rev. and Mrs. Ira H. La He was amazed at what he found. The

Japanese people, he comments, would that missionaries should still be sent, learn a great deal about their origin as they needed them as leaders and and primitive state if they undertook guides. One of the most impressive the study of these islanders who speak things of Samoan life is evening a variety of the Japanese language prayers. As the darkness deepens, and fully 2000 years old, worship the same lights in the open Samoan houses mythological characters as did Japan shine out, someone begins a hymn. At that long ago, and are living at about once all fall into a quiet attitude of the same level of most ignoble culture. worship. Here and there round the But no one seems interested in Loo village the same occurs, and, since all Choo, except the liquor and tobacco houses are open, the impression is of interests. The people exist on about general worship going on round the five cents worth of sweet potatoes a coast of the island. The beautiful day, and no effort has been made by prayers of Robert Louis Stevenson are the Japanese government or foreign still well known.-The Chronicle. missionary agencies to educate along agricultural, industrial and cultural Church Growth in Papua lines. AS IN Paul's time reference was made .tl. to the "Church in the house of"

Returning Thanks some early Christian, so one may re- THE REV. J. ALFRED PEARCE fer to the house of George Lawes, at writes of his gratitude to God and Port Moresby, as the beginning of the the friends of The Haitien Gospel Mission who by their prayers and gifts Church in Papua. But the churches did not remain little gatherings under enabled the mission to close the year the house or on the verandah. In time, 1929 free of debt. Four converts were each village had its separate building baptized the last Sunday in the old devoted to the one pUrpose. Native year. Their testimonies were touch- buildings do not last many years in ing, especially that of a little girl of Papua, and as each needed renewing twelve. Ten more candidates for bap- the people improved the style of buildtism are being detained until they ing till now there are churches that have legalized their marriages. The have cost villages hundreds of pounds, staff of the mission consists of one and they are found not only in the European missionary, two Haitien neighborhood of Port Moresby, but scattered all along the coastline. evangelists and one Bible woman. At first the services were conducted In Samoa by missionaries from Britain and the South Sea Islands, but native deacons AN ASTONISHING report is to the were appointed, who began to take .tl. effect that in a village of about part in the services, and from the 100 houses a new church was recently early days they and the church mem- opened which cost £4,000, the entire bers were taught to take a share not cost being borne by the villagers. This only in the services, but in the man- appears to suggest that this Samoa agement of all church matters, and village has no poverty problem. Each decide for themselves who should be church is self-supporting, and sub- admitted to membership, and what dis- scribes to a central fund from which cipline should be enforced. It is now all boarding schools, training and the- nearly forty years since the first at- ological institutions are supported, al- tempt was made to get the natives to so to the London Missionary Society is contribute to the support of the work.

repaid all that it may spend in salaries The first Papuan contribution was £30, and traveling of missionaries for Sa- but this grew into one of considerably moa. The Society spends no money over £1,100 during the year 1927. In upon Samoa. When the Samoans un- addition, the people build their own dertook to do all this, they insisted churches and keep them in repair.

WORTH

Any books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by U8 on receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

The Nature of the Physical World. By A. Some of his statements are stagger- S. Eddington. C 8 vo. $3.75. Mac- ing. For example, we are told that the millan. New York. 1929. largest telescopes reveal about a thou- sand million stars; that there are so This handsome volume deals with many beyond present telescopic range one of the profoundest and yet most fascinating of mysteries. What is this that some estimates range from 3,000 universe of which we are a part? How to 80,000 million; that our sun is a very ordinary star compared with was it formed Z When did it start? stars which give at least 10,000 times How many stars are there? Are there its light; that although light travels many planets beside those in our solar at the rate of 186,000 miles a second, system? Are other parts of the uni- it has taken the light of the nearest verse inhabited, or is our earth the spiral nebula 850,000 light years to lone abode of man? These and kin- reach the earth; that biologists and dred questions are here discussed by geologists carry back the history of one of the greatest living scientists, the earth some thousand million years; the famous Professor of Astronomy in that the beginning of the sun as a Cambridge University, England. The luminous star must be dated five biltreatment is intended to be as popular lion years ago; that the universe is as the nature of the subject permits. running down and the sun losing its While much of the book is fairly easy light and heat by radiation and will reading, the author frankly says that ultimately lose so much that the earth "arguments of considerable difficulty will be rendered uninhabitable; but have to be taken in their turn." that it may continue as a star of in- creasing feebleness for 50 or 500 bil- The author reminds us that we must lion years – well, there are enough think of the material universe in a way statements of this kind to make an very different from that prevailing at ordinary reader gasp with amazement. the end of the last century; that our whole understanding of the physical But the author is far from any inworld has radically changed, that the tention to be sensational. He writes theory of relativity and the quantum soberly as a scientific man, to acquaint theory have led to strange new concep- his readers with the latest astronomtions; and that the progress of the ical knowledge. This is a great book, principles of thermodynamics has one of the most notable of modern conwrought more gradual but no less pro- tributions to the understanding of the found change. He tells us what these physical world by one of the most celechanges in scientific thought are and brated scientists of' the age, who finds what their philosophical outcome is. nothing in true science that is incom- His aim is to make clear the scientific view of the world at the present day, patable with religion, and who has and, where it is incomplete, to judge avowed his personal Christian faith the direction in which modern ideas as that of a Quaker. His book on appear to be tending. He then con- "Science and the Unseen World," siders the position which this scientific which is also reviewed in this numview should occupy in relation to the wider aspects of human experence, in- ber of the REVIEW, shows that he sees cluding religion. no conflict between science and re- ligion.

237

The Golden Bough. By Sir James George The New Catholic Dictionary. Compiled Frazer. C 8 vo. 752 pp. $5. Mac- under the direction of Conde B. Pallen, millan. New York. 1929. Ph.D., LL.D., and John J. Wynne, S.J., S.T.D., assisted by Charles F. Wemyss People who are interested in the Brown, Blanche M. Kelley, Litt.D., and myths, legends, folklore and traditions Andrew A. MacErlean, LL.B. 8 vo. of many peoples in various lands, and 1073 pp. $10. Universal Knowledge in the study of the numerous forms of Foundation. New York. 1929. magic, superstition and religion among primitive races, have long known of Protestants may well welcome this this monumental work – the most notable volume. Much of their prejuunique, complete and authoritative one dice against Roman Catholics in the in existence in this particular field. United States and much of Roman Many, however, who have longed to Catholics' prejudice against Protespossess it have been unable to do so tants are based upon misunderstandbecause hitherto it has been published ings. There are indeed important in twelve volumes at a price which was matters of faith and order upon which reasonable for a work of this magni- they widely differ and must continue tude but which was beyond the ability to do so. But they at least should of a large number of those who would have an intelligent idea as to what have liked to own it. Now, this those points really are and as to the numerous class can satisfy their de- reasons why each party holds to its sire, for the author has accomplished beliefs. They can then differ in a with remarkable success what might Christian spirit and each with due rehave been supposed to be the well-nigh gard for the sincerity of the other. impossible task of compressing within This volume is far and away the best the limits of one volume the enormous statement of the Roman Catholic posiwealth of material contained in the tion with which we are acquainted, and original dozen. The language of the as its editors are eminent Roman original text has been for the most Catholics, as it bears the imprimatur part preserved but in order to retain of the Cardinal Archbishop of New as much as possible, notes and ref- York, and as it is published under the erences to authors have been omitted. auspices of the editors of The Catholic The work is the fruit of more than Encyclopredia, it is authoritative. thirty years of profound and accurate study. Here are illuminating discus· The numerous articles were consions of the principles of magic and tributed by over 200 experts. They its relation to religion in history; the include every subject in religion, traevolution of kingship; the worship of dition, doctrine, morals, sacraments, trees and cereals; the propitiation of rites, customs, devotions and symbolgame and fish by savage hunters and ism; accounts of the Church in every fishers; the principles of taboo; the country, diocese and mission center; life and death of human gods; the religious orders, church societies, and custom of the scapegoat; the fire-fes- non-Christian religions. There are tivals of Europe; and the theory and articles on historical events and perpractice of the external soul. sonages in the Bible and on popes, prelates, priests, and laymen. The Golden Bough has already won such a recognized place in the The volume also contains articles on literature of superstition among primi- philosophy, psychology and education, tive races, classical folklore, anthro- on which there is a Catholic teaching, pology and comparative religion that canon law, ethics, social and political it is only necessary to acquaint the science, the arts which have served and readers of the REVIEW with the fact derived inspiration from religionthat it is now available in this com- painting, architecture, s cui p t u l' e, pact and comparatively inexpensive music, literature, artists and authors. The relation of science and religion is form. treated in special articles. It is a great advantage to have under one covel'

BOOKS WORTH READING

everything that one can wish to know gence and patience." The book is about this great Church. The pages complete, detailed and authoritative, are profusely illustrated and there are an indispensable aid to students and 12 fine maps. lovers of music.

Protestants will find here a rich Process and Reality. By Alfred N. Whitestore of valuable material. The wealth head. 546 pp. 8 vo. $4.50. The Macvf statistical information includes millan Company. New York 1929. Protestant churches as well as Roman Catholic. Each Protestant denomina- The author says in his Preface that tion is briefly described and its statis- "these lectures are based upon a retics given. We do not profess to have currence to that phase of philosophic carefully read all of the 1073 closely thought which began with Descartes printed pages of this monumental and ended with Hume. The philowork, but we have read enough to im- sophic scheme which they endeavor to press us not only with the ability and explain is termed the 'Philosophy of scholarship of the writers but with Organism.''' The book will be intertheir evident desire to be fair. We esting to advanced students of phiventure to suggest that the next time losophy and useful in the class rooms a Protestant hears or reads a criticism of graduate schools. The ordinary of some Roman Catholic teaching or reader will probably find it about as policy, he will be wise if he turns to difficult reading as a textbook on this volume and ascertains for himself higher mathematics. The author has just what the authorized position is evidently trained himself to think in on the question concerned. He may terms that relate to abstract ideas, and not agree with it, but he will under- his pages abound in technical words stand it at any rate, and not be de- generously supplied with prefixes and ceived by the wild distortions in the suffixes. He deals with various phases last presidential campaign. of philosophic thought and takes for granted a thorough knowledge of what The New Encyclopredia of Music and Mu- the great philosophers have taught sicians. Edited by Waldo Selden Pratt. from Plato to the present day. Readers C 8 vo. 970 pp. $3. Macmillan. New who have such knowledge will find the York 1929. book both interesting and valuable, This is a new and revised edition of and for them it was doubtless in- tended. Others will find it an intela work that first appeared several lectual struggle; but if they win years ago and that has won such a through, they will be well repaid. large place in the literature of music that a second edition is called for. A Pilgrimage to Palestine. By Harry The editor is universally recognized as Emerson Fosdick. 12 mo. 332 pp. one of the highest living authorities Macmillan. New York. $2.50. on musical matters. He is the musical editor of the Century Dictionary, This famous New York preacher is editor of the American supplement to at his best in this volume. He spent Grove's Dictionary of Music and four months in Egypt, Syria and Musicians, author of a History of Palestine, and he describes what he Music, and of numerous' other works. saw and felt with characteristic beauty This volume is a veritable mine of in- and clarity of diction and with a glow formation. It gives an amazing range of reverent feeling. It is not a mere and variety of facts. So competent a book of travel but a real contribution critic as the musical editorof the New to the literature of the places made York Times says that "this Encyclo- sacred by prophets and apostles and predia contains something about every- by the Lord of Life. He has supplied one and everybody in music; and, what the historical and biographical backis still more important, the means' are ground by identifying the places visitgiven for finding out more if more is ed with the scenes and events with wanted. The work is an extraordinary which they are forever associated, and achievement of scholarship, intelli- he has filled in gaps with a fine and

yet legitimate use of his imagination. The book lists and locates the tribes No other land in the world so teems of the Southern Continent and one is with inspiring associations, and Dr. startled by the number, ten million, Fosdick makes the whole wonderful with no Protestant missionary among pageant move before us, from Mt. them until 1913. Almost inaccessible Sinai to the Palestine of today, in a and absolutely neglected, they have series of graphic and thrilling chap- lived to themselves and in utter igno- ters. This is one of the most readable rance. Driven from the coast by in- and helpful books on Bible lands with coming whites, degraded into slavery, which we are acquainted. A bibliog- and thrust farther and farther back raphy, and indices of subjects, proper into the jungles, they had become names and s c rip t u r a I references haters of the white men who had come render the rich stores of material read- to them only to exploit and enslave.

ily available for future reference. Bitter poverty, crass ignorance, and fearful living conditions exist. Witch Palestine Today and Tomorrow. By John doctors, superstition and spirit wor- Haynes Holmes. 12 mo. 271 pp. $2.50. Macmillan. New York. 1929. ship are prevalent. But as we pro- This is "a Gentile's survey of Zion- ceed, we read of the humble but ultiism." He was invited to go to Palestine as the representative of Nathan mately successful formation of lives Straus, the generous benefactor of the Zionist Movement. He was thus able of the tribes among which the first to meet all leaders of the various communities, political and religious alike, mission was started. The book deamong Jews, Arabs, and British. It is upon this intimate experience that his scribes a modern romance of missions, book is based. He writes from the written in an entertaining style, and laying upon the home churches a re- sponsibility for a great field of endeavor among a persecuted and ex- ploited people. W. E. FINLEY.

viewpoint of warm sympathy with lib- Resident Orientals on the American Paci1lo eral Judaism, with whose leaders he Coast. Eliot Grinnell Mears. 646 pp.

is on terms of close fellowship. He is $3. Chicago. 1928. not indifferent to the dangers which beset the path of Zionism, but he be- Discussion of the Oriental problem lieves that, on the whole, it has a uni- in the United States has passed versal significance and that this sig- through three stages, emotional propnificance lies in Zionism's vindication aganda, official investigation and of man's insistence on a spiritual in- scientific stUdy. For many years, both terpretation of life, his belief in the attack and defense were extravatriumph over wrong, good over· evil, gant and undiscriminating. It was claimed that the "Chinese have no and spirit over flesh. souls" and that "no Japanese is either The Indians of South America and the honest or virtuous." On the other Gospel. By Alex. Rattray Hay. 167 hand, many enthusiasticaUy welcomed pp. $1.50. Revell. New York. 1929. an unrestricted immigration of Chi- This is a graphic narrative of the nese and Japanese, either from inter- hardships and struggles of the mis- ested or idealistic motives, hoping sionaries of the Inland South Amer- that the Orientals would contribute ican Indian Union who, in 1913, sought largely to the prosperity of America to reach the Indians of Brazil. It is a and would carry back to their own story of isolation and persecution. lands the blessings of Christian civil- Everything seemed to be against them. ization.

The distance from their kind, the diffi- . Within the last ten years, the emoculty of receiving supplies, the be- tIonal propaganda for and against the trayal by natives, the looming of ap- Orientals and the political exploitation parent impossibilities, and the utter of prejudice against them have largely loneliness are vividly told. subsided. The sociological experts are