The Missionary Review of the World — January 1932

1932

THE The New Year Outlook MODERN YOUTH AND THE MISSIONARY APPEAL KENNETH S. LATOURETTE JOHN R. MOTT ON "THE PRESENT DAY SUMMONS"

A REVIEW BY ARTHUR J. BROWN SOME NEW TRENDS IN LATIN AMERICA JOHN A. MACKAY BRAZIL-YESTERDAY, TODAY AND TOMORROW H. C.TUCKER INDIA AND THE ROUND TABLE CONFERENCES WM. I. CHAMBERLAIN A BANKER LOOKS AT THE WORLD HUGH R. MONRO THE NEW VISION OF HOME MISSIONS WILLIAM R. KING CHRIST AND THE WORLD OF ISLAM SAMUEL M. ZWEMER PRIMITIVE TRIBES OF THE CARIBBEAN THOS. C. MOFFETT

to Remember January 4-6-HoME MISSIONS COUN- January 18-19-COVNCIL OF

CIL, ANNUAL <MEETING, Toronto, BOARDS OF EDUCATION, Cincinnati, December 30-January 3, 1932-STU- Canada. Ohio. DENT VOLUNTEER CONVENTION, Buf- ,falo, New York. January 9-11-FEDERATION OF WOM- January 24-CHILD LABoR DAY. AN'S BOARDS OF FOREIGN MISSIONS, February 4-IN~ATIONAL COUNCIL January 2-3-CoUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR ANNUAL MEETING, Bronxville, N. Y. HOME MISSIONS, ANNUAL MEETING, OF RELIGIOUS EDUCATION, Chicago, Toronto, Canada. January 12-15 – FOREIGN MISSIONS Illinois. CONFERENCE OF NORTH AMERICA, Atlantic City, New Jersey. February 12-WolW> DAY OF PRAYER.

July 25-31-WolW> SUNDAY SCHOOL CONVENTION, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Read THE MOSLEM WORLD SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, Editor IN THE JANUARY NUMBER: BISHOP LINTON, OF PERSIA, writes on present-ddY "Evengelism through School. in the Neer Ee.t". This will dwaken lively discussion, because of contrasting policies and methods now at work. Islam claims to have an Evangel, as Professor Frank Hugh Foster of Oberlin points out in an excellent article on "Mohemmed's Evengel" to the world of his day. Perhaps the most important contribution' in this issue is by the Orientelist Professor Duncan B. Mecdoneld of Hartford. It is a scientific study on the meaning of Ruh (Spirit) in Isldmic thought,_ term which needs eluciddtion. More popular are the articles on "Medicel Mission." by Dr. E. M. Dodd, formerly of Persiai on the "Sources of the Koren", by Dr. E. E. CalverleYi dnd on "Chine.e Moslem Chronology", by Isaac Mdson of Shanghai. Professor Richard Bell of Edinburgh, and Professor Nathaniel Schmidt of Cornell, contribute studies on "Men on the A'ref" clOd on "Ibn Kheldun's Prolegomene". A Turkish Professor discusses the meaning of the Hlnif referred to in the Koran.

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Chat Vol. LV THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD No.1

DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor THE REVIEW comes to you at the beginning of a January, 1932 new New Year, in a new form. We hope you will FRONTISPIECE-Some Speakers at the Student Volunteer Conven- like it. The reasons for the change are many-chiefly tion ………………………………………………. . to save expenses in print- ing, while giving the same Page wealth of material and at- tractive illustrations. It is TOPICS OF THE TIMES …………………………. Editorials 3 the most popular size for magazines today. With God in the New Year ~ndia and Its Future We welcome this month Bright Spots in Dark Days The Manchurian Muddle a new member of our Edi- torial Family, Mrs. Estella The Incompleted Work Kagawa's Message to America S. Aitchison of Granville, Qhio, who will present at- MODERN YOUTH AND THE MISSIONARY APPEAL …………. 9 t r act i v e and "Effective By Prof. Kenneth S. Latourette of Yale University Ways of W 0 r kin g" to arouse missionary interest JOHN R. MOTT ON THE PRESENT DAY SUMMONS. . . . . . . . . . . .. 13 in the home, the church and A recent book review by Dr. Arthur J. Brown the school. Do not overlook these excellent plans. PRAISE AND PRAYER FOR THE NEW yEAR ……………… 16 The World's Week of Prayer Topics Read the list of articles promised for coming issues SOME NEW TRENDS IN LATIN AMERICA ………………… 17 (page 8). Do not fail to By John A. Mackay, Litt.D. of Mexico City renew your subscriptionif it has expired-and en- THE BIBLE A CURE FOR DEPRESSION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 20 list your friends as new By Robert E. Speer of New York subscribers. They will not regret it. BRAZIL-YESTERDAY, TODAY AND TOMORROW ………….. 21 By the Rev. H. C. Tucker, D.D. of Rio de Janeiro Our new printer, The Wm. B. Burford Printing INDIA AND THE ROUND TABLE CONFERENCE ……..•……. 25 Company of Indianapolis, By the Rev. Wm. I. Chamberlain. Ph.D. formerly of India is giving us an attractive magazine typographically A BANKER LOOKS AT THE WORLD ………………………. 28 and promises courteous and By Hugh R. Monro, President of the Montclair National Bank efficient service such as we have received from our re- THE NEW VISION OF HOME MISSIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 cent printers, The Evan- By the Rev. Wm. R. King, D.D., Secretary, Home Missions Council gelical Press of Harrisburg, Pa. CHRIST AND THE WORLD OF ISLAM ……………………. 34 By the Rev. Samuel M. Zwemer, D.D. of Princeton PRIMITIVE TRIBES OF THE CARIBBEAN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 37 By the Rev. Thomas C. Moffett of Philadelphia THE SPIRIT OF HOME MISSIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 40 By Ezra Cox-The Christian Advocate EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 41 Edited by Mrs. Estella S. Aitchison WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 45 Edited by Helen M. Brickman and Florence G. Tyler OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK …………………………… 49 A Missionary Newspaper of Current Events OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Recent Books Reviewed for the Readers' Information Publication Office 40 S. Meridian St., Indianapolis, Indiana Editorial and Business Office 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City Entered as second-class matter at Post-Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of March 3, 1879. Application has been made to transfer to Indianapolis, Ind. 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year Foreign Postage 50 cents a year Published monthly-All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1932 by the MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING CO., INC.

Board of Directors ROBERT E. SPEER, President SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT WM. I. ,cHAMBERLAIN. Vice-President MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer WM. B. LIPPHARD DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary ERIC M. NORTH SAMUEL M. ZWEMER THE BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS @ DEPARTMENT OF ANNUITIES YOUR GIFT NOW WILL BRING TO YOU THE BLESSING OF GIVING WHILE LIVING AND THE GUARANTEE OF THE BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS THAT YOU WILL HAVE AN INCOME FOR LIFE ERNEST F. HALL, S?cretary 156 FIFTH AVENUE. NEW YORK PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH IN THE U. S. A.

SPEAKERS AT IRE STUDENf VOLUNTEER

REVIB_ ORLD VOLUME LV AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER ONE JANUARY, 1932 Topics of the Times WITH GOD IN THE NEW YEAR ous is it that the eternal Creator has revealed What a wonderful experience it would be to see Himself and His way of life to man and has ofthe present world situation from the viewpoint of fered to him the possibility of fellowship and God and eternity. How insignificant would seem partnership in the work of making God and His the petty financial worries of the movement. How way of life known to all mankind! What comtrivial would appear the international jealousies passion and patience must characterize the Divine and suspicions, the covetous contests for a little Mind and Heart as He sees finite man, with inpatch of earth in Europe or Asia; how foolish finite possibilities, absorbed in the insignificant would seem the racial conflicts in India and the things of earth rather than with great affairs of political strife in the Americas. the Heavenly Kingdom!

The infinite Ruler of the great universe, watch- Truly the love of God, which passes knowledge, ing these petty strifes and efforts of mankind, is the only explanation for the patience of God with human failure. While there is no such thing must experience something of the reaction that as depression with God due to economic distress, comes to a student of entomology watching the there must be a deeper sorrow as He views man's feverish strife of swarms of minute insects as spiritual poverty and a deep disappointment bethey hurry here and there, heaping up little piles cause of man's failure to use divine gifts for Servof earth .and straw and grain, quarrelling with ice in the divine partnership. For two thousand one another, competing for supremacy and organ- years the eternal God patiently sought to train a izing their forces for hostile conflicts. Their brief physically redeemed people to understand His span of life is occupied only with the earth! An nature and way of Life; and now for nearly two interesting but a pityful scene! thousand years He has patiently sought to encour- age a spiritually redeemed people to share their Almighty God planned and created not only the little ball we call the earth with all its wonderful resources; He created and rules the vast universe, knowledge and Life with their fellowmen of all in comparison with which man is less than a races. The work has grown, light has spread, the speck of dust. Must He not look with some such Life has been revealed, but how slowly.

interest and pity on the anxieties, the feverish The New Year dawns, with new opportunities activity, the covetousness and jealousies that and possibilities. Shall this new year be used characterize human society today? He who made more consistently and devotedly to stress the the universe knows no financial depression; He spiritual realities, to build up Godlike character, must have marvelous purposes for the universe to carry out His program, to use His gifts for and for his creature man; He offers something spiritual enrichment and to share with others in better than political preferment and material every land the wonderful blessings of revelation wealth; He who is omnipotent and eternal con- and Life of God that have come through Jesus siders events from a viewpoint other than that Christ?

of events of the passing moment. BRIGHT SPOTS IN DARK DAYS But the most marvelous and overwhelming con- ception is that the Almighty God who is Eternal When we look at the world as a whole, the Spirit has put into this insignificant creature progress of Christianity during the past year man, a spirit akin to His own spiritual nature seems to have· been slow and almost imper- so that man, the creature, can have fellowship ceptible. In America the liquor question is a with God, the Creator, and can grow in His real problem; the economic depression has thrown spiritual likeness and power! Still more marvel- millions out of work; human failure and un- [3]

Christian short-sighted methods have brought after an earthquake so in Mexico, Central and distress to coal miners in the South; banditry South America revolutions are followed by a and vice have made our cities breeding places period of quiet and often by new spiritual progof criminals; these and other evils have filled ress. In the midst of China's turmoil Christians the newspapers and have not commended the are quietly carrying on their ministry of love; national character abroad. In Europe jealousy and lives are being transformed; Japan and Korea and suspicion have characterized international are honeycombed with Christian life and service. relations; the financial disputes over reparations, In Africa, the Kingdom of God is coming in spite the conflict in Poland and Austria, the atheistic of all the obstacles of superstition and ignorance; communism in Russia, political unrest in Ger- many thousands are under Christian instruction many and Italy have continually threatened the and multitudes show transformed lives; men and world's peace. In Asia, a reign of terror has been women, filled with the spirit of Christ, are overthreatened in the agitation for self-government in coming the menace of social degradation. In India, temporarily in suspense awaiting the re- every land of Asia the spirit-filled missionaries sults of the Round Table Conference; the Burman are winning men and women, are founding rebellion has been subdued by British arms; civil churches and are training Christians to be amwar in China has been overshadowed by the dis- bassadors of Christ to their fellows. astrous floods and by banditry and the conflict between Chinese and Japanese in Manchuria; While in the large, the picture of world condi- Korea has been greatly disturbed by mob attacks tions gives cause ·for disappointment and distress, on Chinese residents; under-cover conflict is being when we see the Christlike lives that are lived in waged in Japan between political and military every land-even in Russia-and the Christlike forces for supreme control. In the South Seas the work at hundreds of thousands of c,enters in all agitation for independence has aroused the parts of the world, we thank God and take cour- Filipinos and Australia has been on the verge of age. More than ever today both the regeneration bankruptcy due to a prodigal labor government. of the individual and the reformation of society Latin America has been the scene of revolutions need to be stressed. and changes of rulers-in Cuba, Brazil, Chile, Argentina, Peru, Colombia and Venezuela. The It is the purpose of THE REVIEW, during the earth has not been the scene of peace and good- coming year, to point out some of the neglected will during the year 1931. and needy areas, geographical and social, where the Gospel of Christ should be made known, and But if we have eyes to see and can look more to report encouraging signs of Christian progress minutely at the scenes of conflict we note many in every land and among all people, at home and signs of encouragement. Widespread philan- abroad. thropy has greatly lIelieved distress in China and Europe and America; the Round Table Confer- THE INCOMPLETED WORK ence in London has seriously sought a way of peace for India; the international courts and con- Not only has the work which Christ commisferences in Europe have diligently been working sioned His Church to do been imperfectly done in for disarmament, economic readjustment and a the transformation of individuals and of society, solution of the Manchurian problem. Peace or- but many areas are still almost untouched or unganizations are eagerly seeking to educate nations claimed for Him. to live as brothers and Church forces are promoting unity and cooperation among the followers In Japan, one of the best cultivated mission of Christ. Spain, after centuries of religious fields, the evangelization of the country seems bigotry, has become a republic and has proclaimed scarcely begun. Seventy-five per cent of the religious freedom. inhabitants are still Buddhists. All Christians together number only one-half of one per cent. But the real cause of hope and the assurance Large rural districts are still untouched and thouof victory comes from the quiet, effective work of sands of towns and villages are entirely without spiritual forces in all parts of the world. "The Christian preachers or teachers. Kingdom of God c;.omes not with observation" but the seed of life is planted and grows. In North In Korea, which is nominally occupied, there America, religious awakening has followed the are still sixty non-Christians to each Christian. financial depression, the effect being seen in churches and in colleges. In Latin America new In Formosa nine native tribes, with about life is evident in evangelical churches, and the 143,420 members in more than 700 villages, are next World's Sunday School convention is to meet without any permanent Christian work. in Brazil. As the crust of the earth settles down In China, which only a short time ago had almost 8,000 Protestant missionaries, there is so far one Christian among 1,000 inhabitants. Large racial groups of Tibetans, Mongols and other na- tives are entirely unreached by the Gospel. Almost

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

one-fourth of all China is not the field of any Russia and Central Asia are fields where the Chinese or foreign mission society. This field is greatest opposition is encountered by missionaries as large as the United States, excluding Alaska. today.

The unoccupied territory includes practically all Latin America and other nominally Christian of Mongolia, Sinkiang (East Turkestan), Kuku- lands have not yet been truly evangelized. Large nor, Chwanben, Tibet, and large parts of Man- areas are without a witness for Christ and among churia, YUnnan, Kansu, Kwangsi, and Kweichau. even educated classes, materialism and atheism Siam is occupied by one Protestant mission and are increasing.

there is only one Protestant communicant to every Noone can look over the world field and believe 1,000 inhabitants. In large districts there is not that the day has come to withdraw missionaries one Christian. In East Siam with 2,500,000 in- or to decrease their activity. The fruits of the habitants there is not one missionary. Thousands work are encouraging and the Christian Church of villages are unreached and yet the people are is growing and extending the sway of Christ in all very friendly and willing to listen to the Gospel. these lands. Until the work which the Risen Lord In British Malaysia there is little mission work gave His disciples to do has been completed there outside of a few cities. Most of the Malays are is a call for greater devotion, larger sacrifice, nominally Mohammedans. Sarawak, Brunei, Brit- more prayer and an increased number of faithful ish North Borneo are nearly untouched and every missionaries of the Gospel.

attempt to convert Mohammedan Malays in those regions is prohibited. Much of the Celebes and of INDIA AND ITS FUTURE New Guinea is also untouched. India, although one of the greatest mission The Round Table Conference in London has fields, has over 600,000 villages in which, so far proved a disappointment to the Indian Nationalas one knows, there is not one Christian. Nepal, ists and Mahatma Gandhi returns home with the Bhutan, Tibet and 500 "native states" are un- threat of another civil disobedience campaign. occupied and desire no Christian effort. Burma The British Government has, however, promised has more than 35,000 villages, but Christians are to promote an All India Federation which will found in only 2,333. Ceylon has nearly 10,000 embrace the independent states and the British villages without one Christian inhabitant and 450 Indian provinces. This seems the best solution of of them have a population of mor~than 500 each. India's governmental problems at present, but its In Mohammedan countries there are still 100 success depends largely on the cooperation of the million women and children not yet reached by Moslem population and the Indian National Conthe Gospel and an equal number of men and boys gress. The Round Table Conference is to be kept almost untouched. Afghanistan, with a popula- in existence in India through a small committee tion of 8,000,000 Mohammedans, is a country en- to which will be committed the task of forming a tirely closed to Christian missions. In Mesopota- federal constitution, determining the electorate mia (Iraq) there is one Protestant united mission arid planning Indian finance. Moslems and other at work. In Persia large stretches are not yet minorities are promised reasonable representation touched and in the south only a small part of the and protection. The Northwest Frontier Province country has any Christian work. Arabia has a and Sind, which are predominantly Moslem, will few isolated missions on its borders. The interior be made into separate "Governor's Provinces," with provincial self-government. Lord Sankey's is unreached. federal structures committee gives India a Fed- The 40,000,000 inhabitants of Asiatic Russia eral Constitution which provides for a central are without Gospel preaching. Only isolated Prot- Parliament of two houses. The upper house of estants ave found there. 200 members is to be chosen by Provincial legis- latures and the lower house of 300 members by In large sections of Turkey there are no Chris- direct popular vote on a populations basis. tian missionaries and in all Turkey, Christians are forbidden to influence minors. There is hope that Mahatma Gandhi will return to India with the purpose to cooperate in giving Who will say that no more missionaries are his people as large a measure of self-government needed? as possible. Until the various Indian elements are ready to work together there is not much hope Africa is still the Dark Continent with a million of peace and a successful self-government. The square miles of territory unevangelized and mil- British must in the meantime maintain control of the army and must decide foreign policies; they lions of Africans still in utter darkness or brought into harmful contact with godless Europeans. Here is still being waged the conflict between witchcraft, the False Prophet (Mohammed) and must for some time largely control the courts, the Christ. railroads and other public communications and

utilities; there must be cooperation in education great factor in Indian life and thought and He and social welfare. Liberty and justice must be offers the only solution of India's problems. guaranteed by the British until India is able to maintain them. In view of these great and varied problems it is interesting and illuminating to note the facts Mahatma Gandhi is a remarkable character, disclosed by the latest government census, which showing an unusual spirit of self-sacrifice and shows the total population of India to be 352,986,- idealism, but many of his economic, religious and 876, of which 181,921,914 are males and 171,064,- political ideas seem unpractical and inconsistent. 962 females, an increase of 10.6 per cent since While he has confessedly received most of his 1921. The population by religions shows that idealistic inspiration from Jesus Christ, he denies Hindus number 238,330,912, Moslems 77,743,928, His claims to universal supremacy. While claim- Sikhs 4,366,442, and Christians 5,961,794. During ing to be a pacifist, he creates strife. the last decade Christians show an increase of 32.6 per cent. Moslems increased 13.1 per cent, Lord Irwin, the recent Viceroy of India, in a while the Hindus increased only 10 per cent comspeech in London, made reference to Mr. Gandhi's pared with a rise of 10.6 per cent in the total inconsistent attitude towards missionary work, population. and testified to his own attitude as follows: Of the total Christian popUlation 3,968,623 are "People have been puzzled by some remarks in South India, including the Indian states of reported to have been made by Mr. Gandhi on the Travancore and Cochin (which have a Christian subject of the work of Christian missionaries. population of 1,958,811), Mysore and Hyderabad. From my knowledge of him, I can only say this: About three-fifths of the total Christian popula- It would require very strong proof to convince tion of India is in the south. The rates of increase one that he, who is one of the greatest social re- in Christians by provinces and Indian states, indiformers India has known, has failed to recognize cate that in the Hyderabad state (ruled by a Mosthat the real work of Christian missions is poles lem prince) there has been the largest increaseasunder from 'proselytising' as commonly under- nearly 150 per cent. This has been due to the stood. I am sure he knows, as we do, that the mass movement towards Christianity among the work springs only from the irresistible impUlse Hindu outcastes of this state. In Assam and in of men and women who, knowing themselves to Behar also there are notable increases due mostly possess a treasure beyond price, long to share it to the coming 'into the Christian Church of the with their fellows, and are impelled by the value aboriginal races of these regions. they attach to each human soul to spend themselves in lifting the fallen, ministering to the op- CHRISTIANS AND THE MANCHURIAN pressed, and bringing hope to those who have MUDDLE never before known its meaning. Truly, it is by the spirit of service that these men and women China and Japan are in a difficult situation. are inspired. Twenty-five years ago the problem would probably have been solved by Japan taking full possession "While I was Viceroy, I was able to see a good of Manchuria by force of arms. Meanwhile Eudeal of the work and to appreciate not only its rope and America would have looked on, perhaps moral and social results, but also the spirit in disapprovingly, but without protest. which it is conducted. Over and over again I saw the work among outcastes and lepers, among Today times have changed. What is one councriminal tribes and aboriginal dwellers in jungle try's business concerns all of the civilized world, tracts, in crowded cities and remote places in the where international problems and relations are hills. I have seen men and women struggling to touched. The World Court, the Kellogg Pact, the translate the message of Christ into the practical League of Nations and treaties guaranteeing the language of everyday life, spending themselves to preservation of China's territorial integrity-all cause America and Europe to have something to bring Christianity to India. As a man, I value say when Japanese armed forces invade Chinese territory, kill Chinese, take over Chinese public such work as this. The missionaries are doing offices, telephone, telegraph, railways, arsenals, waterworks, radio and airplanes. work of incalculable value in India, and their most Japan disclaims all purpose of territorial agpowerful sermons are their own lives." grandizement and claims only a desire for the recognition of treaty rights. At the same time all The work of the Christian missionaries is most realize that Japan needs room to expand. She has a population of sixty-five million people residing important for the establishment of peace, right- in 152,000 square miles, an average of 400 to the eousness, brotherly love and goodwill among the Indian peoples. Already as a result of their work, the name of Christ is widely revered, whereas a half century ago He was either unknown or de- spised. Today He is becoming more and more a

square mile. Three-fourths of the land is unpro- Japanese were all militaristic. This is not true of ductive and there are few mineral resources. China or J ~pan or Germany or America or any Manchuria, on the other hand, has over double other intelligent nation. Japanese Christians have Japan's area and one-third the population. She expressed a desire for a peaceful solution of the has an abundance of timber, arable land and min- difficulty.

eral resources. The Chinese do not develop the Manchuria is very inadequately occupied by territory as effectively as Japan, who desires to Christian missions. Nine-tenths of the people are colonize and develop Manchuria. She wishes also Chinese, the other tenth being made up of Man- markets for her silk and other products on which chus, Mongols, Tungus tribes, Koreans, Japanese her prosperity depends. Chinese mobs and ban- and Russians. The principal mission work for the dits resent Japanese aggression and have at times Chinese is carried on by the Scotch Presbyteri- made life unpleasant for Japanese soldiers and ans, Irish Presbyterians and Danish missions.

residents in Manchuria. The Japanese military The British and Foreign Bible Society and the forces, which are directed by the Military Council Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A. also are at work in and are not under control of the Japanese Diet, various centers, and Presbyterians and Methodists undertake to maintain order, keep control of the have missions among Koreans and Japanese colo- railway and impose terms of peace on China. A nists. The total number of Protestant mission- practical state of war results which threatens to arjes is 172, of whom 55 are Danish Lutherans, embroil Russia, Europe and Amer:ca. 44 are Irish Presbyterians, 61 are Scotch Presby- Japanese civil authorities favor peace, ,for they terians and 6 are Seventh-Day Adventists. They realize the disastrous results of a Chinese eco- labor in thirty-seven stations-including Mukden, nomic boycott against Japanese goods. It is most Chinchow, Harbin and Kirin. The Protestant important for Japan to cultivate the goodwill of Church membership numbers about 25,000 and other peoples in order to extend her markets. there are reported to be 60,000 Roman Catholics.

There is hope that clearer wisdom and the pres- Large portions of Manchuria, and almost all of sure brought on Japan by America and the League Mongolia, are still unoccupied by any Christian of Nations will effect a peaceful settlement. workers. "It is worthwhile to remember," says The influence of Christian sentiment in China W. C. Fairfield of the American Board, "that the and Japan is encouraging in the midst of this existence of these workers for peace in China and conflict. The federation of Chinese churches of Japan is the direct result of Christian missionary Peiping, the former capital of China, sent to the work. It is the strong belief of many that the National Christian Council of Japan the following only permanent foundation f<'r wol'ld peace is the telegram: spread of Christian goodwill and sympathy until "Whole Chinese nation greatly disturbed by it controls public opinion in every country. The present Manchurian situation. Chinese Christians foreign missionary societies are still the most appeal to Christians of Japan to make common effective agency to bring this about."

cause advocating with their respective govern- KAGAWA'S MESSAGE TO AMERICA ments peaceful means to settle Chinese-Japanese questions, preserving friendship between two Probably no Christian Japanese and few in any neighboring peoples." station in life are as widely known and as in- It is also reported that Madam Chiang Kai Shek fluential for good as js the Japanese Christian is holding daily groups in her home to pray for author, preacher, lecturer and social worker, Dr. China. As Rev. W. C. Fairfield remarks in The Toyohiko Kagawa, who has been in America lec- Congregationalist, "The truth is that the Chinese turing in various colleges and cities. The readers Christians are taking their Christianity more of THE REVIEW are already well acquainted with seriously than we ourselves would think of doing! his life and work, including his inauguration of Their criticism of missions is not that it goes too the Kingdom of God Movement in Japan, which far in imposing an alien faith on the Chinese, but aims to win a million souls to Christ and apply that in America it fails to go far enough into its the principles of Jesus to the social, economic and own implications, i. e., into the implications of a other phases of life in that empire.

universal religion, supreme, therefore, in the At a recent luncheon, given to Dr. Kagawa in moral and intellectual, as well as in the spiritual, New York and attended by leading representarealms." tives of national and international Christian or- The Chinese Christians have called on the Jap- ganizations, the guest of honor expressed his deep anese Christians to join them in efforts to find a conviction that now is the time of greatest crisis Christian solution and to maintain peace. The in the world. It is a time when, as in the days presence in Japan of a strong anti-military party when Christ was on earth, we are called to leave makes it incorrect to think or speak as if the all and follow Him if we would spread His King-

dom among men. We should be "gamblers for under Christian leadership has proved very suc- God," putting all we have and are on His altar cessful and has led Japanese farmers to look to and devoting all to His service. "Being a luke- God and to the Christian cooperation, rather than warm Christian is not interesting or profitable," to communism, for a solution of their problems. said Dr. Kagawa. He emphasized the fact that the Kingdom of God Mov,ement in Japan is based When Dr. Kagawa was asked what American on the teachings of Christ and on prayer. "Where Christians can do to help make this program efthere is true prayer the Church grows." We must fective, he replied: "The greatest need is for a take Christ and His program seriously and put revival of spiritual life in America. How can the His principles into practice if we would win the army at the front receive much help from a rebattle against communism and against atheism, serve army that is weak or asleep? I find in against sin and selfishness. America both the worst and the best; the lowest morality and the highest spirituality. America In Japan there are 70,000 Shinto priests and must purify and strengthen her own life. Why is about 200,000 Buddhist priests, while there are it that while the divorce rate in Japan has deonly 2,000 Christian preachers. In 800 Japanese creased from 40 per cent to 10 per cent, the dichurches there was an addition of only about 800 vorces in America have increased from 3 per cent new members last year. We need a revival in to 17 per cent? Why is it that there are more Japan. Through the Kingdom of God Movement murders in New York in one month than in all of some 50,000 converts have been won in the past England in a year?" Will American Christians four years. There is need for more preachers. acccept this challenge, and not only seek a revival The scholastic standing requil'ed by the theologi- of spiritual life in our own hearts and churches, cal seminaries in Japan is too high for the min- and an expunging of the blots on the 'scutcheon isters who would go out to preach the Gospel to of our own nation, but can we not also help this the millions of unreached Japanese farmers. Dr. devoted and valiant soldier of the Cross in Japan Kagawa proposes to train 5,000 Japanese lay to fight the battle for righteousness and to extend preachers for this purpose – giving them short- the Gospel of Christ among his countrymen? As term courses in Bible, in social service, in evangel- Dr. Kagawa remarked, "The missionaries of comism, and in farming and handicrafts. munism who come to Japan do not speak of them- selves as 'foreign missionaries' but as representa- There is great need for Christian teachers, and tives of 'The Third International.' The mission- aries of Christ are the representatives of the Dr. Kagawa proposes to establish itinerating 'Heavenly International' to all peoples. The time has come to drop the word 'foreign missions' and short-term Christian schools in country districts adopt the term World Missions. Advance the cause of Christ anywhere and we help to advance it to meet the present great need for Christian edu- everywhere."

cation among the peasants and industrial workers.

This is the best way to counteract irreligion, com- munism and social evils. Cooperative farming Up,.T0"Date Coming Articles tn the REVIEW Students Rallying for Foreign Service ……………………….. The Buffalo Convention Do Men Really Need Christ? …………………………………..Cleland B. McAfee The Future of Foreign Missions …………………………………..Robert E. Speer Are Home Missions Making Progress? ……………………………..William R. King The Religious Situation in Italy …………………………………….. W. H. Rainey Why Mission Boards Are Worthwhile ……………………. , ………. Arthur J. Brown Why Is Arabia Still Neglected? ……………………………….. Samuel M. Zwemer A Christian Among the Mormons…. '" …………………….. Andrew J. Montgomery Do Christ's Methods Apply Today? ……………………………… Sam Higginbottom World Friendship Books for Children ………………………………..Hazel V. Orton Successful Ways of Working ……………………………. " .. , ..Estella S. Aitchison

A PART OF THE GREAT STUDENT VOLUNTEER CONVENTION IN DES MOINES TWELVE YEARS

Seven thousand students were present and five hundred from foreign mission fields. On the platform were seated as many delegates as attended the first Student Volunter Convention in Cleveland in 1891. Above the platform hung the Watchword of the Movement, "The Evangelization of the World in This Generation." At the back was the map showing the mission fields into which over 8,000 Student Volunteers had gone in the thirty·three years of the Movement.

Modern Youth and the Missionary Appeal J:. By PROFESSOR KENNETH S. LATOURETTE I New Haven, Connecticut, Professor of Missions and Oriental History at Yale University; author of "History of Christian Missions in China"

T HOSE of us whose contacts with students and nurtured by one of our great denominations, go back twenty or thirty years have seen so far as the Christian Association knows, there on many campuses great changes in atti- is not one undergraduate who is planning to be a tude toward the appeal to life service as foreign foreign missionary. In another university with missionaries. There are quite a number of col- a somewhat similar missionary past, the man asleges and universities, which two or three decades signed to organize a delegation to the last ago had strong groups of Student Volunteers, quadrennial convention of the Student Volunteer where today there are no students preparing to be Movement could not find an undergraduate who missionaries. Among these are some which were was planning to be a missionary. He, himself, founded as Christian institutions, which still are deeply religious and conscientious and of outofficially such, and which have a long and honor- standing intellectual ability and the son of a man able history as sources of personnel for the for- who has given his life in notable service to miseign work of the Church. On one such campus, sions, had-and has-no intention of becoming a for instance, from which have gone forth in the missionary. past some of the most distinguished leaders of the missionary enterprise and which was founded These are not isolated or meaningless phe- nomena. They seem not to be instances of that [9]

temporary ebbing of missionary interest with wondering whether one religion is not about as which we have long been familiar on individual good as another and whether Christians have not campuses after the graduation of some earnest quite as much to learn from non-Christians as student who has been a contagious center of infor- non-Christians have to learn from Christians. mation and conviction. On at least one of the two Western Christianity is held to have obscured campuses instanced above are two older men in Christ and his teachings and a man like Gandhi, close touch with students, who have the confidence who makes no profession of being Christian, is of the Christian group. They are devoted to the declared to be more Christlike than most anmissionary enterprise and seek to enlist others in nounced Christians. There is a feeling, too, that it, but have been powerless to stem the tide. The the day of the foreign missionary is past, and that waning of interest, moreover, has been chiefly in the younger churches are now able to carry on certain types of institutions-those supported by without foreign assistance other than financial. the state, and the older more heavily endowed colleges and universities, most of the latter pro- Not all of these factors operate on anyone infessedly Christian-usually of high repute for dividual or on every campus, but they are all to scholarship and social standing. be found somewhere in our academic life. The crux of the situation is the many and rapid The decline cannot be ascribed to any single changes induced by our machine and scientific age cause. It is due partly to the prevailing climate which are revolutionizing all life. Those who are of opinion of many of our campuses. Criticism of older and have watched some of these changes religion in and out of the classroom, and secular- come are often bewildered and set adrift from istic attitudes toward life are dominant in a large their accustomed moorings. We must not be surnumber of our institutions and make difficult any prised if those who are younger and who are interest in missions. Then, too, there is wide- hurried into our kaleidoscopic age grow up unspread ignorance of missions, even in Christian certain, unable to give themselves to the old with student groups. This is probably greater than it conviction, and having nothing new to which to was two decades ago, although it was dense tie. enough then. Twenty or twenty-five years ago in student Christian summer conferences a period But the contrast between half a generation ago each day was usually assigned to mission study and now must not be exaggerated. We are prone and appeals for missions were heard regularly to view the past through rose-hued glasses and to from the platform. Today mission study has look backward for some golden age. Except on dropped out of practically all, if not all, such a very few campuses, and intermittently even gatherings. Addresses on missions may still be there, missions have never been a consuming inheard from the platform, but slighting remarks terest of more than a small minority of students. about them from speakers are also not unknown. The majority of their fellows have always re- garded prospective missionaries as a little ec- Moreover, student idealism tends to be diverted centric and perhaps even mildly demented. It is into other channels. Two decades ago it was a rare institution in which the ignorance about widely felt in student Christian circles that the missions has ever been anything but colossaL highest form of consecration was the dedication Even though the prevailing atmosphere is less of one's life to foreign missions. The foreign favorable today than it was a quarter of a century missionary enterprise was regarded as the best ago, it was not then particularly conducive to medium through which to express that idealism commitment to missionary service. which fortunately is characteristic of many of our youth. Today student idealism seeks to rid the Moreover, and fortunately, colleges, univerworld of war, to solve race conflicts, and to dis- sities, and theological schools still exist where the cover an escape from some of our industrial ills. environment is favorable to missions. From them More often than not, moreover, this idealism does students continue to offer themselves for service not think of Christian missions as a means toward abroad. They may be declared by the pessimist to the attainment of these goals. be survivors of an older era, the last remnants of rapidly crumbling bulwarks against the new age. A smaller factor, but still important, is the de- This, however, cannot be said of all of them, for clining incomes of the boards and the consequent among them are some of the most progressive and failure to appoint some individuals whom the highly esteemed schools in the land. Students campus has known. The impression thus gets are, moreover, offering themselves today with abroad that more missionaries are not really as devoted a spirit as they ever have – even though in smaller numbers. There are indications needed. that the tide may have begun to turn. Reports of Then again, widespread uncertainty exists as an increasing serious interest in religion come from British universities, and may be the foreto the need for missions. Even strong Christian leaders, both graduate and undergraduate, are

MODERN YOUTH AND THE MISSIONARY APPEAL

On the Program of the Coming Student Volunteer Convention MILTON T. STAUFFER, D.D. THOMAS JESSE JONES, Ph.D., Minister of the Reformed Church LL.D., Educational director of the Phelps Stokes Fund; in in America and Lecturer on 1920-21, chairman of the Edu- Missions and Non-Christian Re- cational Commission to West, ligions in the New Brunswick South and Equatorial Africa, in (N. J.) Seminary; formerly mis- 1924 to East Africa; author of sionary in China; editor of "The "Education in Africa," "Four Christian Occupation of China"; Essentials of Education," "Es- for six years Educational Secre- sentials of Civilization," and other volumes. tary of the Student Volunteer Movement.

KENNETH S. LATOURETTE, SAMUEL G. INMAN, LL.D., Ph.D., Professor of Missions and Secretary of the Committee on Oriental History, Yale Univer- Cooperation in Latin America; sity; formerly on the faculty of sometime lecturer in the Uni- Yale-in-China; author of "The versity of Chile, Northwestern Development of China," "His- University, and Columbia Unitory of Christian Missions in versity; author of "Trailing the China," and other books. Conquistadores" and other books on Latin American problems. ALDEN H . CLARK, D.D., For- eign Secretary of the Congrega- DANIEL J. FLEMING, Ph.D., tional Board of Foreign Mis- Professor of Missions at Union sions; for twenty-six years a Seminary; formerly of Forman missionary in India, where he Christian College, Lahore, India; founded the Nagpada Neigbor- author of "Contacts with Non- hood House, Bombay, and was Christian Cultures," "Whither moderator of the Council of In- Bound in Missions," "Marks of dian Churches of West India; a World Christian." author of "India on the March."

RALPH E. DIFFENDORFER, P. H. J. LERRIGO, D.D., M.D., D.D., Corresponding Secretary Home Secretary and Secretary of the Board of Foreign Mis- for the Belgian Congo of the sions of the Methodist Episcopal American Baptist Foreign Mis- Church; formerly secretary of sion Society; medical missionary the Missionary Education Move- in Alaska for two years and in ment; author of "The World Service of the Methodist Epis- the Philippine Islands for eleven copal Church." years; author of "Rock Break- ers," "God's Dynamite."

WALTER JUDD, M.D., for six WILLIAM McE. MILLER, mis- years medical missionary of the sionary to Persia for ten years; American Board at Shaowu, China, one of the most disturbed in student work with the Inter- areas of Fukien Province; trav- national Committee of the Y. eling secretary of the Student M. C. A. for two years; member Volunteer Movement, 1924-5 and of the traveling staff of the Student Volunteer Movement, 1931. 1931-32.

KENYON L. BUTTERFIELD, WILBUR B. SMITH, Senior Secretary of the Y. M. C. A. LL.D., Counsellor on Rural in Egypt and Palestine; for six Work of the International Mis- years Candidate Secretary of sionary Council; formerly president of the Massachusetts Agri- the Student Volunteer Movecultural College, of Michigan ment; for five years a secretary State College, and of the World of the Y. M. C. A. in India. Agricultural Society; author of "The Christian in Rural India,"

"The Rural Mission of the Church in Eastern Asia."

STUDENTS OF YESTERDAY WHO ARE MISSIONARY LEADERS TODAY

runner of what is to happen in America. Those tion," which had such compelling power upon stuwho have recently traveled a good deal through dents of twenty-five or thirty years ago, has been the colleges in the interest of missions report allowed quietly to slip into the background. We greater openmindedness and less disillusioned speak rather of trying to meet some of the social sophistication than they found four or five years and economic problems of our day which must ago. be at least partially solved if civilization is to go on. Many of us have a conviction that the pro- The number of new student volunteers has in- gram of the missionary enterprise must be radicreased, as compared with four or five years ago. cally readj usted to meet the rapidly changing Those of us who have been present at some of the challenges of our day-that if it is to endure and conferences for outgoing missionaries, held dur- serve the present age it must not perpetuate all ing the past few years, have been impressed with of the program of an older generation. the commendable quality of the new appointees. It is probably impossible to compare accurately Beneath all these changes in the form of the the average ability of the recent appointees of the appeal and in the organization and program of major boards with those of a few decades since, missions there are motives and objectives which but some of us have the impression that it is, if abide. In more than one group of outgoing misanything, somewhat higher than it was. Cer- sionaries, with which some of us have met in these tainly it seems to be higher than it was in the later years, the emphasis upon the need of peryears just after the World War when large num- sonal transformation through the Gospel of Christ bers were sent abroad, financed by the wave of has been quite as great as it was two or three post bellum giving. At least some of the boards decades ago. Altered though many of the misare today unusually careful in making appoint- sionary methods and machinery may need to be, ments and are more strict than ever in their ap- and different though the conditions under which plication of a wide range of tests given to ap- missionaries work undoubtedly are, the basic conplicants. victions which send young people out into the enterprise have remained constant. There is a In some respects the form in which the appeal profound sense of the world's need and of the for missionary service is made today differs radi- power of the Gospel of Christ to meet that need. cally from that of twenty or thirty years ago. There is, too, the belief that any social renova- Then students were often told that as missionaries tion must come through reborn individuals. We they would be leaders, possibly holding positions may not hear quite so much of such terms as sin, of prominence in helping bewildered peoples repentance, faith, and regeneration, but the facts through the revolutionary transition into the back of these terms are still prominent in the world of Occidental culture. It was an age of consciousness of the outgoing missionary. It is Western imperialism, in which idealism spoke in significant that addresses on the Cross of Christ terms of "the white man's burden"-of serving are making a profound appeal to some of our most "backward" peoples with the conviction that they modern-minded American youth, and that here were "lesser breeds" who for an indefinitely long and there groups of students are trying by earnest period would be incapable of self-government. practice to discover for themselves the resources Today, after the humiliation of the Great War and of prayer. the rising tides of nationalism in the East, the white man is more humble and in missionary Is this, after all, anything but what we should circles we talk of cooperation with younger churches, we say to the prospective missionary expect? As Christians we believe that the Spirit that he must rid himself of any remnants of a superiority complex, must keep himself in the of God is still at work in the world, that He still background, and must seek to be great by being servant of all. We are a bit sensitive, too, about convinces men of sin and of righteousness, and using military terms which may seem to imply that missions are a form of imperialism, and such that the Gospel of Christ remains the power of phrases as "the Christian Occupation" or the "Conquest of the Cross" are not in good odor. God unto salvation to everyone who believes.

Rightly or wrongly, moreover, the watchword Centuries ago Paul told the Corinthian Christians "the evangelization of the world in this genera- that changes would be ever with us-old knowl- edge and old conditions giving place to new-but that faith, hope, and love are abiding needs and realities. He spoke as truly for our age as for his own.

The primary interest of the Christian college is in persons rather than in subjects or things. Its fundamental aim is the development and encouragement of the personality of tJ:te student.

-PROFESSOR LUTHER WEIGEL.

Present Day Summons*

A New Call to Service-By John R. Matt I I '.::l[ A Review by the REV. ARTHUR J. BROWN, D. D. ]t:.. Author of "The Foreign Missionary" ~================================~ I N his latest volume on the present world situa- sure that the readers of the REVIEW will be in- tion Dr. Mott deals with a crisis. Perhaps the word has been rather overdone, but no other terested in the foIIowing statements by Dr. Mott: so adequately expresses the situation that con- "The past twenty years have witnessed incomfronts the Christian people of this generation. That situation is certainly a crisis to them. No parably greater changes in the world than any other living man has a wider background of knowledge and experience in dealing with it than other period of like extent. The same is true of Dr. Mott. He occupies a unique position of influence in the Christian world. He has been one the world mission of Christianity itself, whether of the leaders of the Student Volunteer Movement for Foreign Missions for forty years. In one has in view its field of concern, its complexity, 1895, he organized the World's Student Christian Federation and for twenty-five years was its Gen- its pace, or its governing motives or objectives. eral Secretary, and then its Chairman. He was for a long period Secretary of the Foreign Depart- These changes and present-day trends, if we but ment of the International Committee of the Y. M. C. A., and General Secretary of its National grasp their implications, present an irresistible Council. He was Chairman of the two greatest summons to the Christian forces of both Occident missionary conferences of the twentieth century- and Orient. . . . It is evident that the period The World Missionary Conference in Edinburgh on which we have entered is to be the most exactin 1910, and the Jerusalem Conference in 1928. ing in its demands because of the forces which op- He has traveled more widely in the mission field pose us, the many grave and emergent issues than any other man, and has probably a wider which demand attention, and, above all, the fact acquaintance with Christian leaders, both at home that there are so many more Christians now living and abroad. In all these varied positions he has displayed the ability and wisdom of a true Chris- than ever before who have awakened to the heroic tian statesman. implications of the Christian Gospel. . The publication of his "The Present-Day Summons to the World Mission of Christianity" is "World-wide trends and outlook compare favortherefore an important event. The basis of the ably with those I have found at any time since the volume is the lectures that he delivered on the Cole Foundation in 1931 at Vanderbilt Univer- beginning of my first-hand observations in 1895. sity, but he has added considerable material. In a series of suggestive chapters he discusses World I do not overlook certain adverse facts which Trends, The Summons of Rural Life, The Summons of Industry, The Summons of Race, The would seem to contradict this contention. For Summons to Share, The Summons to Serve, The Summons to Cooperate, The Summons of the Liv- example, we cannot ignore the existence and graving Message, The Summons to the Home Base, and The Leadership for this Momentous Day. An ity of the misunderstandings among nations. It extensive bibliography and a fuII index add to the value of the book. It is not easy to make a selec- would be difficult to name a country which, judged tion from such a wealth of material, but we feel by words and actions, understands its neighbors • "The Present-Day Summons to the World Mission of Christialnity", near and far.

By John R. Mott, LL.D.. 325 pp. $2.50. Cokesbury Press, Nashville, Grounds for Optimism Tennessee, 1931. "If adverse facts like these can be given, the question may well be raised: How can the posi- tion be maintained that on the whole the inter- national outlook now is more reassuring than it was, for example, two and three decades ago? I would venture to support the statement by a few facts. In the first place, there are today twenty voices and pens speaking and writing to foster right understanding between nations and to pro- mote good wiII and cooperation among them where there was one such voice or pen thus engaged twenty or thirty years ago. This is in itself a most potential .fact. It means that through the influence of men who do much to affect thought and action, the attitudes and practices of peoples which might formerly have been characterized as [13 ]

passive or as drifting can now be spoken of as at- Christian schools only; now the majority are in titudes and practices of taking initiative and ac- government secular schools. They also cepting responsibility for bringing about larger study abroad. Just now the number in the United understanding and cooperation. The light is now States from Japan, China, the Philippines, Korea, being turned upon situations, practices, and prob- India, and Turkey is 550. Noone can estimate lems which might otherwise have been the occa- the influence of each one of these as she returns to sion of serious misunderstanding, bitterness, and her native land. We might make the attempt by strife. thinking of each one as one thousand. Mrs. Her- "Another ground for optimism regarding the man Liu comments in a suggestive way on the re- international outlook is the fact that all over the sults of study abroad: 'It is very interesting to world there is coming forward a new generation notice that returned girl students from who expect to devote themselves to ushering in a America usually become doctors, social workers.

new day in respect to furthering good will and A great many of them marry and become better constructive cooperation among the peoples of all home-makers. Returned girl students from Eng- lands. In countries like China and Japan they land are practically all teachers and usually stay are rapidly rising into the ascendant. Within two single; from France they are usually "free in decades, probably less, a sufficient number of them their thinking"; while from Russia they are revo- will be in positions of major importance to deter- lutionists, and, nay, Communists, too!'

mine the policy and practice of the nations. . . . Tendencies in Education The great internationalism is the world mission of Christianity. The tens of thousands of mis- "In the realm of education we witness develop- sionaries, as ambassadors, interpreters, and medi- ments, emphases, and tendencies of great signifi- ators, are doing more than any other one factor cance. Within the past two or three decades there to throw out strands of understanding friendship has been throughout Asia and in parts of Africa and unselfish collaboration between the peoples of and the Pacific island world a great multiplication Asia, Africa, and Latin America on the one hand. of universities, colleges, and schools under: govern- and those of Europe, North America, and Aus- ment or other secular control. In these areas, as tralasia on the other. in the West, the increase in enrollment of students "The most notable social trend of our day is the has been enormous. Whereas formerly the at- world-wide awakening and uprising of women. tendance upon these institutions was drawn large- The changes which have been wrought in their ly from more favored groups, it is becoming in- social status and outlook during the past thirty creasingly democratic. More and more the em- years make a difference not of decades but of cen- phasis is being laid upon the purely secular or ma- turies. Still greater changes are now in progress. terialistic. This is seen in the curricula, in the No one can foretell what the next two decades expenditure on equipment, and in the general in- will witness. The world over, education fluence on the studying youth.

has been the key which has unlocked the door to "Thus we find advancing by leaps and bounds higher life and greater opportunity for women. vast secular systems of education with limitless The most significant fact is that women governmental resources and authority at their everywhere owe their present enlarged opportuni- back. At the best their attitude toward religion ties to only one of the founders of the great reli- is neutral. In practical effect, however, it is more gious systems. This is naturally more evident in often anti-religious. The net influence all over those lands where other religious systems still hold the non-Christian world is to develop indifference sway, where life is not so complex, and, therefore, toward all religion. This tendency is strengthened where the lives of women as affected by these sys- by the aggressive propaganda of anti-religious tems are as yet an open book. The gen- movements. The result is that the tradi- eral trend has been upward and outward and on- tional beliefs of vast numbers of students in the ward, and since the Great War the acceleration is lands of the non-Christian religions have been ever more rapid. undermined; and in many nominally Christian "Every period of transition has its dangers, but countries, such as those of Latin America, South- the present is heavy-laden with them. When old eastern and Eastern Europe, and Western Asia, religions and social sanctions are going or gone the students have become, as the Germans says, and no others equally binding are being substitut- konfessionslos-that is, without religious affilia- ed, there must be confusion and human wreckage. tion. One cannot without alarm contemplate this Almost too quickly are these women breaking out trend. What could be more serious than a leader- from seclusion and oppression and restraints into ship for the generation of tomorrow without the the swift currents of this modern age. In early anchoring, guiding, and uplifting power of reason- days, girls were sheltered as well as educated in able and vital religious faith?

JOHN R. MOTT ON THE PRESENT DAY SUMMONS

"Happily, by the side of many of these non- because the religious forces are so numerous and varied and are manifesting such widely different Christian systems of education, the world mission aspects. The impression which one today receives from face-to-face contacts with the non-Christian of Christianity has established its own educational religions is that of gradual disintegration. Un- der the influence of modern science, secular civilwork. If the cause of Christian educa- ization, and historical criticism, as well as of the world mission of Christianity, these systems of tion is to triumph in the face of this grave situa- faith are losing their hold as sources of vital en- ergy and as practical regulative influences on life. tion, it must concentrate on the qualitative, as con- This is particularly true of the educated classes.

trasted with the quantitative, aspect of its pro- "Notwithstanding any handicaps which the world mission of Christianity may suffer because gram. It cannot hope in the matter of numbers of divisions between or within the great Christian communions, the overmastering fact is that the to keep pace with the government and other purely influence of Jesus Christ was never so widespread, so penetrating, and so transforming as it is today. secular institutions, but in the realm of character It is impossible to furnish accurate figures, but it is probably a conservative estimate, based on such building-the development of the entire personal- returns as are available, to say that fully twenty millions of men and women in non-Christian areas ity-it can, if it will, not only excel but also make of Asia and Africa are now looking to Christ for guidance, for redemption, and for power infinitely an indispensable spiritual contribution which no greater than human, where there were less than two millions looking Christward thirty years ago. government or other secular agency can supply. If this be true, it is a stupendous fact. Moreover, the Christward movement is gathering The supreme advantage of Christian education is momentum from decade to decade. Quite as sig- nificant as Christ's conquest of individual lives is that it seeks to counteract the destructive effects His ever-widening sway over whole areas of life and of human relationships. There are multiplyof the purely intellectual approach by providing ing signs on every continent of the quickening of the social conscience. One might almost maintain education for the whole life. To this end, while that Jesus Christ creates the social conscience. Be that as it may, of one thing we are certain: the Christian educational movement must pre~ that where He is best known and obeyed there we find conscience most sensitive and responsive. It serve and strengthen its position of respect and is highly significant that more and more in the lands of the non-Christian religions Christ is beinfluence in point of the thoroughness, up-to-date- ing recognized as the last court of appeal in morals. 'He stands before men as plainly greater ness, and truly progressive character of its intel- than Western civilization, greater than the Chris- tianity that the world has come to know.' " lectual leadership and processes, it must with con- viction make its major contribution in the sphere of religious education. Its chief and constant con- cern must be its product in character and spirit.

This involves paying great prices. It must turn a deaf ear at times to alluring appeals to concern itself chiefly with large numbers. Rather let it deliberately and resolutely center on developing only so many institutions as can be maintained with the highest Christian efficiency. This prin- ciple, in turn, involves preserving at all costs an adequate staff-adequate in contagious Christian conviction and character. Central in all their thinking, planning, contacts, and service will be the influencing of the motives, the springs of ideal- ism, the action of the will through laying secure through bases of faith and through exposure to the Ever-Living and Ever-Creative God as re- vealed in Jesus Christ.

"It is impossible to characterize in any adequate general terms the religious trends and outlook, If the simple, straight, thoroughgoing religion of Jesus Christ could be given free course all through the life and work of each Christian, we should see this world emerging from the bondage of corruption into the glorious liberty of the sons of God. We must believe that Jesus knew what He was talking about and meant what He said. We must care supremely about His way, and very little about anything else. What would happen if the whole Church of Jesus Christ should put aside its man-made rituals and creeds and should give itself over to one thing-the finding and following of the way of life which Jesus teaches? This is a hard and anxious time. The world is losing faith in its other gods. The spirit of science is more humble; big business is less sure of itself; the world is lonely and afraid. It is a great day in which to be a Christian.

THE REV. WILLIAM P. MERRILL, D.D.

PRAISE AND PRAYER FOR THE NEW YEAR REASONS FOR THANKSGIVING AND PRAISE The eternal Good News that Christ brought to men to show the way out of troubles and sin and into right relations with God and our fellow men.

The more than twenty thousand ambassadors of Christ who are working amid diffi- culties in the non-Christian lands.

The many thousands of Christians who are working as missionaries in the home mission fields of Europe and America.

The faithful Christians in every land and of every race who are proving by their characters and lives the power of Christ to transform character and equip for life.

The Christian stewards in the home lands who are earnestly promoting the work of Christ by their prayers, their sacrificial gi fts and their service – in the home, in the Church, in business and in society.

The Christian Churches and other organizations that are working to make known Christ and His message, to lead children and youth in the way of Life, to educate, to enlist for service, to help the weak and the suffering-under the direction of the Divine Saviour.

The widespread Christian spirit of brotherhood that leads men to relieve suffering, to bring economic relief, to promote social justice and international and interracial good- will among men.

The signs of spiritual awakening in America in individuals, in colleges and in churches; for the revivals in Korea and India, in the Philippines and Papua, in Africa and Persia; for the great forward movements in Japan and China and Burma.

SUBJECTS FOR SPECIAL PRAYER The special Week of Prayer, January 3rd to 9th, in all churches. Never was this more needed. The financial depression, suffering, widespread unrest and prevailing sin, call for prayers of faith. The following topics are recommended by the Federal Council of Churches for the Week of Prayer, under the general subject: "Preparing the Way for the Living God": Sunday, January 3-A Deepening of the Consciousness of God. Proverbs 29:18; John 14 :6.

Monday, January 4-Faith in and Loyalty to a Conquering Christ. Ephesians 3 :14-21.

Tuesday, January 5-The Leadership of the Holy Spirit. Acts 1 :1-8; John 16 :7-14. Wednesday, January 6-International Goodwill and Cooperation. Isaiah 2 :15; Micah 4:4-7. Thursday, January 7-The Protection of the Home and of Youth. Deut. 6 :1-9; 2 Timothy 2 :1-16. Friday, January 8-The World in a Day of Depression. Luke 4:18-19; Matt. 25 :31-46. Saturday, January 9-A World-Wide Spiritual Revival. Habakkuk 3 :2.

More than ever this year, in a period of depression, when countless men are disheartened and fear- ful, our churches are summoned to united prayer and intercession in order that the awakened sense of our inexhaustible resources in God may inspire the faith and hope and love which the world so sorely needs.

These suggestions for prayer, selected and prepared by the Commission on Evangelism, are sub- mitted to pastors and people everywhere, in the hope that the prayers of many may ascend to the Lord as the prayer of one man.

It is to be remembered that not only in America, but in many other lands, as a result of the circu- lation of a similar call for prayer by the World's Evangelical Alliance, this same period will be observed as a time of prayer.

Thomas Carlyle said, "Prayer is and remains the native and deepest impulse of the soul of man." These times of distress and strain should drive Christians everywhere to the place of prayer and make them more dependent upon God. A revival of prayer in the churches of America will go a long way toward helping us to meet the deepest ills of the present day.

Let us begin the New Year in prayer; then, with ever-increasing faith as the weeks go by, we may end it with a great shout of Christian triumph.

NeV Trends in

America .. :Jl By JOHN A. MACKAY, Litt. D. J!: ..

Mexico City, Young Men's Christian Association I N his book the "Epic of Artigas" the Uruguayan cible in a way which has not happened for gen- poet, Zorilla de San Martin, describes the An- erations and so becomes a challenge to all the dean region of South America as a "rosary of creative Christian forces which can be brought to craters in eruption." Having in view recent hap- bear on the life of these nations.

penings throughout· the Latin-American world, The Cordoba Student Movement this descriptive phrase might very well be applied to political conditions not only on the Pacific sea- In 1918 a revolutionary movement broke out boa r d but throughout the among the students of the old whole area. At least fifteen of Argentine University of Cor- the twenty republics w h i c h Latin America has been called doba which will doubtless ac- compose the Latin American a "rosary of craters in erup- quire increasing significance group of nations have been tion." Few people realize the in the life of Latin America. convulsed by revolutionary The students rose in revolt movements in the course of great significance of these re- against the traditional univerthe last year or two, and cent revolutionary movements sity regime. They launched a others are not without inter- in fifteen republics. They rep- Manifesto to the "free men nal rumblings. resent a change in ideals and of South America." This are a challenge to creative Manifesto is a symbolic docu- To a superficial observer Christian forces. As Dr. ment; it represents the advent these countries might appear Mackay clearly shows, the of a class consciousness in the to be hopelessly committed to new generation of South revolutions as a pol i tic a I student revolts show a new American youth. Formerly method. A knowing and sym- class consciousness. There· is youth had been no more than pathetic student of the situa- a colorful biological episode tion is aware, however, that a religious awakening and a in the life history of men. It r e c e n t revolutionary move- new "Spanish Christ" is pro- claimed – a living Christ in contrast to the eternal babe or a dead Christ. Read what Dr. Mackay says of the evi- ments have had very special dences of the evangelistic now became sculptured into causes and that in a number movement as "an increasing a social class. of cases they represented a de- force." This m 0 v e men t spread cided break with former po- through most of the univer- litical ideology, in spite of the sity centres of the Continent.

violent method employed to give expression to the At first it represented no more than a reaction new ideals. The fact is that in the political life against the University regime, but in the course of Latin America principles begin to take the of time it took on a distinctly social, and later place traditionally occupied by "caudillos." There a political color. University students, members of is a decided trend towards the impersonaIisation a class which traditionally had been uninterested of politics. These countries have undoubtedly be- in labor and in the problems of the proletariat, fore them a long and b~tter period of storm and suddenly discovered a burning social passion in stress, but no one is entitled to be cynical or skep- many parts of the Continent. This was specially tical regarding their future. true in such countries as Chile, Peru and Mexico, On the other hand, the present situation is one where the labor problem was most acute.

in which thought and life have gone into the cru- The Peruvian movement was the most interest- [ 17]

ing and dynamic. Under the leadership of Haya do for the economic and spiritual emancipation de la Torre, a young man of old colonial blood, the what the last battle of the Revolutionary War did students and labor organizations of the Peruvian for political freedom. Religion, as a purifying capital formed a united front of manual and intel- and creative force, will be treated with sympathy, lectual workers. They organized a People's Uni- but clericalism and parasitic religion will be comversity to which they gave the name of Gonzalez batted as it has been in Spain. Prada, the famous Peruvian radical of the previous generation. His dictum: "Age to the grave; This whole trend sets a new task for the misyouth to the task" formed the battle cry of the sionary forces interested in Latin America. If new movement. Every evening classes were held they are to have a real future in these countries for working men and women in some part of the and are to make a genuine spiritual contribution city or surrounding districts. An ethical passion to them, they must see to it that in the domain of inspired the pedagogical task. A multitude of politics and economics the countries from which workers received a new vision of life and of hu- they come shall deal with Latin Americans in acman dignity. Some industrial districts became cordance with Christian principles. If not, then wholly transformed; the Indians of the Sierra be- the day may conceivably arrive when, in utter desgan to send delegates to Lima to plead that some- peration, these Latin countries will follow Russia thing similar be done for them. However, a dicta- and exclude every kind of spiritual influence emtorial government which was keeping a watchful anating from lands which they regard as their eye upon the movement realized that student lead- oppressors. ers were obtaining too much power. Suddenly the latter were exiled and the movement was smashed. The New Status of Religion Banished to different parts of Europe and the A few years ago a distinguished Argentine Americas those students clung tog e the r in writer, Juan B. Teran, described South America thought. Their brilliant and indefatigable leader as the most, irreligious part of the world. He sketched a new organization called the Popular meant to say that in spite of the prevalence of Revolutionary Alliance of America. In 1924 he traditional religious forms, true religion as a entered Russia as a communist at the special invi- fountain of inspiration for conduct and the transtation of the Soviet Government. He saw every- formation of life practically did not exist. While thing and left Russia, as he said, "cured of Com- admitting to a large extent the truth of this inmunism forever." New influences began to play dictment one is bound to say that in recent years upon his life. Studies in Ruskin College, Oxford, religion has been set in a new perspective by in the London School of Economics and in Berlin; thinking people, while abundant evidence exists close contact with British and continental social- that religious preocccupation of a very real kind ists; enthusiasm for the Chinese Kuo-ming-tang; is making its presence felt in Latin American a profound study of the economic and sociolog- society at large. Nowadays the so called "intelical situation of Latin American countries, led lectual" can have religious interests and lead a re- Haya de la Torre to dream of an anti-imperialistic ligious life without it being thought, as would league formed by Latin American lands. In this have been the case a few years ago, that he had way a new political ideology came to the birth sacrificed all claim to be considered intellectually which is as genuinely South American as the ex- respectable. pression of Fascism is Italian and that of Communism is Russian. One striking index of the rising tide of religious interest is the popularity of semi-religious sects The significant thing about all this is that at and societies which have made their appearance the last Peruvian election Haya de la Torre and on the Continent. Theosophy in particular has his new party, in spite of their very radical pro- been making very great progress, especially in the gram, and the fact that the party was a completely more cultured section of society. Less than three new one and their leader had been back to the years ago the President of the Theosophical Socountry for only a few months before the elections ciety, a Hindu and a doctor of philosophy of the took place, came very near winning at the polling University of Cambridge, made a triumphal lecbooths. Sooner or later this party will come into ture tour around South America. Garbed in Oripower and with it another era will break in South ental attire and lecturing in faultless Spanish, he American politics. One of the major issues which filled the largest theatres and university audiwill be tackled by the Cordoba generation, and un- toriums in the centres which he visited, expounddoubtedly on a continental scale, will be the prob- ing the principles of Theosophy and addressing lem of Latin America's economic independence. himself on each occasion to the elite. A new Ayacucho is being dreamed of which will Theosophy makes a many sided appeal at the present time. Its orientalism proves extraordi-

SOME NEW TRENDS IN LATIN AMERICA

narily attractive in countries where everything The Other Spanish Christ Eastern has come to be surrounded by a rosy nim- The student of Spanish Catholicism is aware bus. The fact that Stanley Jones knew India and that a double religious tradition has been running Gandhi gave him a drawing card in South Amer- through the religious life of Spain and the counica. Theosophy also appeals because it offers an tries of Latin America. One tradition has been architectonic world view and inculcates methods symbolised by the typically Spanish Christ, a dead of concentration which help in daily life. figure who is never regarded by the popular re- ligious consciousness as anything save the immor- One of the most interesting institutions in Mex- talization of death. This Christ has never said ico City is a new organization called the Uni- anything to living men. When an ordinary Argenversal Institute of the Impersonal Life. A few tine citizen of today wishes to express the thought years ago a booklet, issued by one of the many that somebody or other has sub-human qualities or original sects in the United States, fell into the is a "poor devil," he says "He is a poor Christ 1" hands of an employee of the Post Office Department in the Mexican capital. He became attracted The other tradition centres around the Christ by it, was converted to its tenets, and translated of the great Spanish mystics of the sixteenth cenit into Spanish. The little volume became the tury; the Christ of St. John of the Cross, of Santa basis of a new indigenous sect which, in the course Teresa and St. Luis de Leon; the Christ of the of a few years, has made thousands of converts in great Spanish reformers, the Valdez brothers, Mexico City and the provinces. The organ of this Juan Perez and Cipriano de Valera; the Christ of group is called Dios: una Revista Filos6fica (God, the eminent Spanish Christian writer, Don Miguel a Philosophic Review). de Unamuno. For all these Christ is the living one who was dead. The new attitude towards religion in university circles is demonstrated by the fact that in the course of the last few years several Christian lec- "The Lord walks among the kitchen pots," said turers have given courses on religion, or distinctly Santa Teresa, writing to the inmates of one of religious addresses in a number of universities in the religious houses she had founded, encouraging Latin America. One thinks in particular of courses them by these words to realise that they could given on the Philosophy of Religion in the univer- have their Lord's presence amid the most menial sities of La Plata, Argentina, and Lima, Peru, by tasks.

Don Julio Navarro Monzo, an Argentine journalist "Christ lives in the fields" said Fray Luis de and writer, who, for a number of years has been Leon focusing religion in the open air and on the lecturing on Christianity throughout the Conti- world's highways.

nent under the auspices of the Young Men's Chris- "Christ is Jesus" and "Jesus means health" said tian Association. A few months ago Dr. George the same writer in a great book "The Names of P. Howard, who represents a number of mission Christ" which he wrote during a five years im- boards in a cooperative evangelistic effort in South prisonment in a dungeon of the Inquisition in Val- America, lectured on Christianity in the Univer- ladolid. He had been confined there for having sity of La Paz. The present writer can bear testi- translated part of the Scriptures into Spanish mony to the fact that students and faculty groups prose. By saying that Christ is "Jesus" Fray Luis throughout the continent are willing to give a meant that true Christianity is spiritual health most attentive and enthusiastic hearing to anyone introduced into the soul by the presence and power who is able to present to them the fundamental of Christ.

truths of religion in relation to the problems of In our own day Don Miguel de Unamuno, the modern life and thought. All this is entirely new restorer and successor of the Spanish mystic tra- in the Latin American world and has taken place dition, finds in the famous painting "The Christ"

within the last few years. of Velasquez the true Christian significance of Recent happenings in Spain are bound to have Jesus Christ. Influenced by the thought of Blaise a far reaching influence not only upon political but Pascal, who said that Christ has not ceased to also upon the religious life of Latin America. The agonize in the souls of His people for the redemp- prestige of the Roman Catholic Church, as an in- tion of the world, Unamuno maintains that "The stitution bound up historically and organically Christ" of Velasquez represents the eternal truth with the Spanish state and the Spanish spirit, has of Christianity, Christ never ceases to carry on been shattered. The way is now open, as it has an agonizing struggle in the lives of His followers.

never been before in the history of Spain and His- In this conception the soul and its Lord, life and panic countries, for a revaluation of the reform religion, are indissolubly bound together.

movement in the sixteenth century, and for a These great souls are beginning to speak afresh serious consideration of the question as to whether to the Spanish world. It is gradually being borne the Iberian race did not lose its way religiously. in on the minds of thoughtful Spaniards and Latin

Americans that there is another Christ in the re- City the ordination of the first Mexican bishop of ligious tradition of their race. A first striking the National Methodist Episcopal Church. In 1931 recognition of the fact that the Christ of popular a suffragan bishop was ordained to guide the faith does not represent the Christian Christ takes destinies of the National Protestant Episcopal the form of a notable book entitled "The Invisible Church in the country. Christ." It was written four years ago by one of the leading literary men of Latin America, Dr. The development of the evangelical movement Ricardo Rojas, ex-rector of the University of in Brazil is little less than extraordinary. This Buenos Aires. In the course of an analysis of the great republic has now within its borders nearly Image, the Word and the Spirit of Christ, Rojas one million evangelical Christians, including the repudiates the "poor Christ" of popular tradition. families of church members. The new Federation He proclaims himself a denominationally unat- of Evangelical Schools is the largest organization tached Christian, but one for whose life and of private schools in the Republic. The young thought Christ means everything. The publication evangelical churches now support a Brazilian Misof this book marks a new era in the attitude of sionary Society to Portugal and another to the Latin American intellectuals towards Christ. Indians of the interior. It was the recognition of the real indigenous character of the evangelical The Evangelical Movement movement in Latin America which led the Inter- national Missionary Council at its enlarged meet- Little space is left in which to express one's ap- ing in .Jerusalem in 1928 to invite these countries praisal of the evangelical movement on the Latin to become represented on the Council by three full American Continent. Evangelical Christianity is members. becoming an increasingly potent spiritual force and in a number of countries it has now become a When one considers the growing potency of the national indigenous movement. new evangelical youth movement in the River- Plate republics of Argentina and Uruguay, the This is particularly true in Mexico and Brazil. ability, ideals and enthusiasm of their members, The new religious laws in Mexico obliged the evan- there seems to be no limit to what may be expected gelical churches to a thoroughgoing nationaliza- of the evangelical movement in Latin America in tion which has been most beneficial for their the years ahead. spiritual life. In 1930 there took place in Mexico The Bible, a Cure for Depression By Robert E. Speer When the days are dark, men need its light.

When the times are hard, men need its comfort.

When the outlook is discouraging, men need its confidence.

When despair is abroad, men need its word of hope.

There are luxuries that may well be spared. There are even necessities that can be cur- tailed. But the Bible, indispensable at all times, is still more indispensable in times like these today.

The Bible is not a book of political maxims or of economic theories. It is not a book of maxims or theories at all. It is a book of living principles. Its spirit is the spirit of brotherli- ness and goodwill. It is a summons to helpfulness: "Bear ye one another's burdens." It is a summons also to self-respecting independence: "Let every man bear his own burden." It teaches charity, but also justice. It calls us to the giving and serving which the strong owe to the weak, and those who have to those who lack; but it also strikes straight and clear at the moral defects in individuals which are responsible for a large part of the poverty and suffering of the world; and also at the moral and economic defects in society, in business relations, and in the distribution of the common resources of the world, which are responsible for the re- maining part.

Christ is the only hope of individuals and of society. And the Bible is the only book which tells His story. It alone preserves His words, which are spirit and life. It alone records His deeds by which He saved the world, and would save it now if we would obey Hint The best thing men can do is to spread the Bible and to get it read and obeyed. This would be the end of hard times, of poverty, of unemployment, of injustice, of wrong, of war.

A VIEW OF THE SHIPPING IN RIO DE JANEIRO HARBOR FORTY-FIVE YEARS

Brazil-Yesterday ,Today and TomorroV ..~I I Bv the REV. H. C. TUCKER, D. D. I'c. . Rio de Janeiro Agent of the American Bible Society r ~~~============================~ W HEN I first went to South America in standards were generally of a low order. Social 1886 Brazil was an empire with a popula- custom made the home largely a place of seclusion and woman's position one of retirement. An en- tion of about 14,000,000, of whom a mil- lightened free press existed in only a limited delion and a half were slaves of African origin. The gree. The supply of wholesome, instructive literofficial census four years later, reported that ature dealing with social, moral and religious racially 6,200,000 were whites, 2,000,000 blacks, problems was very meager. 1,200,000 Indians and 4,600,000 mixed. Educational facilities were provided chiefly for sons of Along the coast the cities and towns were poorly an aristocracy of wealth; fifteen per cent of the built and badly kept; the streets were narrow, population had acquired some education and the roughly paved and dimly lighted. Comparatively teaching force was largely clerical. Roman Ca- little attention was given to hygiene and health tholicism was the state religion, though a degree measures; sewerage systems, if they existed, were of religious liberty was guaranteed by law. The mostly of a primitive type, and the water supply census showe!i 13,851,500 Roman Catholics, only was often very inadequate. Yellow fever, small- 20,000 Evangelical Protestants, and 120,000 of pox and other diseases were prevalent and dis·· other sects; 7,000 claimed to have no religious astrous epidemics were frequent. Malaria, tuberbeliefs. culosis, venereal diseases, and leprosy were wide- spread through the country, and there was ap- Forty-five years ago Brazil was practically parently little thought or effort to control or without the Bible. Religious instruction was con- exterminate these evils. Hospitals were poorly fined to the Roman Catholic Catechism, the oral equipped and accommodations were limited. traditions of the Church and the observance of There were no professionally trained nurses. The rites and ceremonies were perfunctorily performed in Latin. Prevailing moral ideals and [21 ]

AN A VENUE IN RIO AS IT IS TODAY enhance her popularity and give security to her position. The measure quickened interest in ideas rate of infant mortality was very high. Organ- of freedom and liberty. ized play and athletics were unknown. A military uprising in November, 1889, over- In those days industries were few, life was threw the monarchy, it banished the Imperial chiefly rural; agriculture was the principle occu- family to Europe and established a dictatorship. pation, and was carried on with primitive meth- There was no organized resistance to the sentence ods, and without equipment and transportation of banishment. The Emperor quietly submitted facilities except by the pack-mule and ox-cart. and on the night of his embarkation he called a There were few factories; only a few railroads servant and had him fill a little sack with earth ran from coast cities short distances into the in- from the garden, saying: "When I die in Europe terior without cross-country connections. There I wish my head to rest on Brazilian soil, for they were no modern port improvements in any of the will never let my body be buried here." many harbors along Brazil's three thousand miles of coast. In the St. Vincent Church, Lisbon, in 1913, I saw the former emperor's embalmed body with The Imperial Government had diplomatic and the head resting on that pillow of Brazilian earth. consular representatives in some foreign countries Later the sentence of banishment was revoked and and a few Brazilians occasionally traveled abroad, the bodies of the Emporer and Empress were rebut the nation did not figure largely in interna- moved to Brazil. tional affairs, or in scientific and other world conferences. The military dictatorship, dominated by August Comte's philosophy of Positivism, issued a series W,hat of Today? of liberal decrees of far-reaching influence. These decrees included the complete separation of The first great social and economical change in Church and State, establishment of civil marriage Brazil was the freeing of a million and a half of as being the only legal marriage, the secularizaslaves by Imperial decree signed in May, 1888, by tion of the cemeteries; the substitution of lay for the Princess Isabel, who was then on the throne clerical teaching in the schools and the swing from temporarily in the absence of her father, Don languages to mathematics as the basis of the edu- Pedro II, who was in Europe. He was growing cational program. old and the daughter was heiress to the throne. Abolitionists persuaded her that this stroke would A constituent assembly was also convoked to organize a constitution and the Assembly adopted the Constitution of the United States of America, with a few slight changes, and the political and civic machinery for the Republic was inaugurated.

These social and political changes were followed by others of far-reaching influence in the indus- trial and economic order. These included largely the gradual introduction of modern machinery and office appliances-such as the typewriter, electricity, automobiles, wireless telegraphy, mov- ing pictures, radio, aeroplanes, etc. Many new products for home consumption and exportation have been added to gold, diamonds, hard woods, coffee and rubber. Cotton mills have increased fiftyfold since 1886 and many factories have been established. Railroads and telegraph lines have been extended, and extensive city and town im- provement schemes have been carried Olit together with the development of harbors and methods for handling shipping and freight.

Brazil has also become increasingly interested in world affairs and in more recent years has been worthily represented in scientific, economic, in- dustrial and cultural congresses. Her representa- tives at the Hague, in the League of Nations and at other international and world conferences, have made real contributions to these gatherings.

The abolition of slavery, the overthrow of the

BRAZIL-YESTERDAY, TODAY AND TOMORROW

monarchy, and the establishment of a republic, tional responsibility have developed. Brazil has and the promulgation of liberal decrees have in- begun to make a more scientific survey of her cited the Brazilian mind to work on new in- tribution she will be called upon to make to human tellectual and social problems. Personal liberty, welfare in the development of these resources. the right of the individual to think for himself, and greater freedom for the press have liberalized Along with the new ideas and imported devices thought and stimulated research. Popular edu- have come some dangerous influences. One has cation has been extended and improved technical been the development of a disastrous materialism. and professional courses have been provided. The Rapid industrial and economic expansion has population has increased from fourteen to nearly given rise to extravagance and waste; huge debts forty-two millions, while literacy has grown from have accumulated, and the credit of the country has been seriously damaged.

A SCENE IN A PUBLIC SQUARE IN RIO FORTY·FIVE YEARS AGO fifteen to twenty-five per cent. The cry heard on These changes have also affected social customs. every hand today is for the education of the natural resources and to evaluate the possible conmasses. Women now go about the streets of the cities un- accompanied and hundreds are employed in stores Interest has also been awakened in the large and offices. A real feminist movement is making Indian population of the interior. The Federal rapid headway. Problems of health and hygiene Government and religious organizations are en- are being studied and dealt with efficiently. Nurse deavoring to educate, elevate and christianize training courses are sending well equipped young these red brothers of the forests. Colored freed- Brazilian women as professionals into hospitals men and their offspring enjoy equal privileges and private homes. Interest in organized play for with the whites, and it is claimed that no color children, games and athletics introduced by the line is drawn. These conditions have brought Protestant missions are spreading everywhere. about a number of interesting social, racial and ethnological problems which students and sociolo- Moral ideals and religious thought and life also gists have begun to study. show marked change. The Brazilian mind was shocked to find that by a stroke of the pen the in- A national consciousness and sense of interna-

fallible and all-powerful Church could be set aside from the original Hebrew and Greek and the inand the Roman Catholic Church has had to adjust creasing circulation of the Scriptures have proherself to the new conditions. The necessity for voked the Roman Catholic Hierarchy to provide self-support has caused an increasing activity the New Testaments in Portuguese with notes and during these recent years. comments of the Church fathers.

Protestant missionary work has increased and Evangelical missionaries have also done valuits influence has become a recognized factor of able pioneer work in efforts to exterminate yellow growing importance in the intellectual, social, fever, combat the spread of tuberculosis, venereal" moral and religious life of the nation. Its edu- diseases and leprosy, in promoting health and cational work creates interest in helpful literature hygiene, the care of the teeth, proper feeding and directed play for children and other features of social welfare. Close contacts have been estab- lished with public authorities and a comprehen- sive interpretation has been given to the Gospel message and its social implications in human life.

In what direction do these changes, movements and activities point? God only knows, but we may base reasonable hopes on experience and observa- tion. Brazil may easily become the home of a happy, prosperous population of a hundred and fifty millions by the end of the present century, and there will still be room for more. Over one million uncivilized Indians will be absorbed by the amalgamation process and in a few centuries there may develop a homogeneous race made up MODERN SHIPPING IN RIO HARBOR for all ages and stations in life. Evangelism and AN AMERICAN BIBLE SOCIETY COLPORTEUR AT WORK the preparation of a native evangelical ministry have been rewarded with encouraging success. of the Portuguese, Indian, ' African, German, The communicant membership of the 20,000 has Italian, Japanese and other elements now minincreased to more than 135,000 among native gling freely together. It is quite certain that the Brazilians. The Sunday School enrollment has traits of the white races will predominate as at grown from a few hundred to more than 121,000 present. Brazil will become more and more the and a number of self-supporting, self-governing greatest laboratory in the world for the student churches, with Brazilian pastors, have been built of ethnology, eugenics and sociology. up. Including immigrant and foreign residents there are more than 300,000 Evangelicals. It is Natural resources will be developed and the estimated that, including children, more than one nation will become increasingly industrial, though in forty of the population are adherents of Pro- she will continue predominantly agricultural. testant Christianity. Popular education for the masses will bring higher intellectual and social levels if secularism The Coming World's Convention is counteracted by spiritual forces and the mes- sage of God's revelation. There is great hope for The progress of evangelism and Christian edu- the triumph of the living Christ in the hearts of cation has justified the Worlds Sunday School As- the nation. sociation in accepting an invitation to hold the Eleventh World Convention at Rio in July, 1932.

Popularizing the reading of the Bible has been one of the chief factors in this Evangelical movement. Two great Bible societies, the British and Foreign and the American, and their representatives, with the cordial cooperation of missionaries and national workers, have increased the annual circulation of Scriptures from 15,000 forty-five years ago to about 400,000. Publicity given to the work of translating the Bible into Portuguese

and the Round Table

~'I By the REV. WM. 1. CHAMBERLAIN, Ph. 11:'. N ew York Secretary Board of Foreign Missions, Reformed Church in America A FEW months ago a writer in the New India. Dr. Durant speaks contemptuously of the York Times Book Review brought under distinguished Indians who attended the first review three recent books presenting Round Table Conference at London, apparently three contrasting views of the tangled Indian because they did not include the Irreconcilables, question. They were Romain Rolland's "Prophets whom he seems to favor. of the New India," Will Durant's "The Case for India" and Edward Thompson's "Reconstructing It is with a feeling of solid satisfaction that one India." takes up the book of Professor Thompson, who really knows modern India and is eminently fair These three books belong to strongly contrast- minded. He admits serious faults of British rule. ing types because they come from different levels At the same time, he does full justice to the many of the mind. The first book is inspired by re- Indian reformers and advocates of progress. He ligious emotion, with enthusiasm which might sees both sides and is fair to both. He is a besometimes be more persuasive if it were more liever in Dominion Status for India and holds measured. The second book is inspired by po- high hopes of the Round Table Conference. litical emotion to such a degree that the author appears to see only one side of every question Lord Macaulay, who was a member of the Vicewhere India is conoerned. The third stands roy's Council in India in the third decade of the apart. The author really knows India from resi- last century, made this significant statement in dence in that country and participation in its in- the House of Commons in 1833: "It may be that, tellectual life. He writes with accurate care and having become instructed in European knowledge, is scrupulously fair to all parties. they may in some future age demand European institutions. Whether such a day will come I Romain Rolland undertook a difficult task and know not. Whenever it comes, it will be the carried it out with scholarly patience, but with a proudest day in English history." certain lack of the sense of measure. He has made far more available than before a mass of The Round Table Conferences held in London well documented material regarding the life and at the close of 1930 and of 1931 would seem to be activity of a group of remarkable men, distin- of the nature of a fulfillment of this prophetic guished for the breadth, as well as the depth, of utterance of the great historian. They have their thought. As to the manner of his present- opened new epochs in the history both of India ing Ram Mohun Roy and Keshub Chunder Sen, herself and of the relations between India and one has nothing but praise; but when he comes Great Britain. For the first time considerable to Ramakrishna and Vivekananda, one feels that delegations of Indians, representing all races and his emotions get the better of his judgment. religions and classes in India, have sat around a table with a delegation representing all parties of Dr. Durant's book is inspired by political emo- both Houses of the British Parliament to discuss, tion. One who is acquainted with India cannot on a basis of complete equality and with nothing but conclude that he is somewhat uncertain as to his facts. For example, he lays the blame for excluded from the field of conference, what the India's famines on British rule, but the highly authoritative Cambridge History tells us that in future of Indian government should be. For the the reign of Muhammad Tughluq, a contemporary of Chaucer, there was "the most severe famine of first time Indian Princes sat around the table with which we have any record in India," lasting for seven years. Again he speaks of Mr. Gandhi as the representatives of all classes in British lndia "the spiritual and the political leader of 320,000,- 000 Hindus," apparently forgetting that there are and agreed together that the new Constitution many millions of Mohammedans and Sikhs in should include all India within a single federal constitution, under which responsibility for both central and local government should rest, subject to a few important and specified limitations, in Indian hands. For the first time the representa- [25 ]

tives of Great Britain declared that the time had familiar with the India of the past, in which the come for the primary responsibility for the In- effective responsibility for Indian government has dian government to pass from British to Indian rested in British hands. It seemed so venture- shoulders, provided that a constitution could be some and gigantic a move in a continent contain- drawn up and accepted which would do justice to ing as many people as Europe without Russia, and the minorities in India, subject to certain safe- divided within itself as Europe is divided. But it guards and reserve powers for which Great seems quite clear in the developments of recent Britain will remain responsible, to the interest no months and weeks that, except in certain rela- less of India than of Great Britain, during the tively narrow circles, the discussions of the Con- period of transition. ferences have convinced not only the British mem- Whatever the future may bring forth, it will bers, but public opinion in general, that the time be impossible to undo the fundamental work thus has come when in India, as in Australia, Canada, done by the Round Table Conferences. They have South Africa and Ireland, a definite breach must started India and Great Britain on a new road, be made with the old type of empire, that India from which there can be no turning back. This must follow in the footsteps of the other Dominis indeed a recent trend which, in all human ions and be free to work out her future by conprobability, will give permanent direction to the stitutional means in her own way. This concluprogressive responsible government of India by sion seems to have been arrived at not only be- cause it was right in itself in this day and generathe Indians. tion, and the only course consistent with the new British Commonwealth, but because it was the Hitherto most of the energies of Indian politi- only way of avoiding, both for India and Great cians have been devoted to getting rid of British Britain, the disasters of the American Revolucontrol, which they felt both humiliating in itself tionary era. Some have wanted to believe that and incompatible with their own political, social the transition to responsibility in India could and economic achievement. Hereafter the prob- come gradually and imperceptibly, but there is no lem before them is the framing, and then the evidence in history to justify this belief. At this working, of a constitution which will enable the stage of the proceeding the transfer of governraces and religions, the princes and people, of mental power from one set of hands to another India to govern themselves on constitutional lines, is truly a tremendous event and it takes place, in the adoption of which they have had the con- not imperceptibly, but either by violent revolution trolling part. The British people and the states- or by definite constitutional action. The signifimen who have represented them in recent years, cance of the critical but definite decisions of the with a few emphatic exceptions, would seem to Round Table Conferences is that the time for a have reached the conclusion that, provided a constitutional revolution has arrived. workable constitution can be framed, responsibility for Indian government shall pass to Indian At the time when the old British Raj was built control, in the center as well as in the Provinces, up, government in India was exclusively the consubject only to safeguards in the interest of cern of hereditary or military autocrats. The justice to minorities and of stable government. basis had always been the same, military power reinforced by hereditary or religious sanctions. The vital question today is whether Indians Nowhere had it any popular or democratic charthemselves can agree upon the constitution under acter. The will of the autocrat was absolute and which their government shall in future be con- public opinion in the modern sense had almost ducted. For at this writing there would seem to no instrument of expression, nor any effective be little doubt that, if they succeed in reaching sway. So long as the old structure of Indian agreement on a constitution which is at once thought and society continued, India, save for a workable and just to minorities, the British few patriots, was content. Government was not Parliament will enact it as it di.d in the case of the concern of the people but of the princes and the constitutions drawn up by and with other the gods. Great Britain had proved herself the Dominions. strongest among the rulers who were forever com- The Alternatives There can be little doubt that the completeness peting among themselves for power and prestige.

with which the Round Table Conferences and the To the mass of the people it meant little who was mass of British public opinion have accepted the ruler; the life of the countryside, the rotation of principle that Indians should in future be respon- plowing and reaping, birth, maturity and death, sible for their own government, both in the center the ritual of caste and religion, went on unchang- and in the Provinces, subject to safeguards during ing and unchanged. Good rulers kept taxes low; the process of transition, came with something of bad rulers brought poverty in their train. In so a shock and surprise to those who have been far as the British Raj brought the end of war and

INDIA AND THE ROUND TABLE CONFERENCES

kept taxes low, it was acquiesced in as the agent, would certainly refuse to be a party to the conon the whole, of a beneficent Providence. tinuing repression and probable bloodshed by which the old British Raj could alone now be But for some decades, conspicuously since the maintained. The Round Table Conferences have Great War, that point of view has been changing. certainly been right in concluding, with the prac- India has been following, at first slowly but later tical unanimity of their widely differing memberwith startling speed, in the footsteps of the rest ship in so far as representation is concerned, that of the world. Macaulay opened the sluice gates of the one hope for the future is to place the respon- Western education in 1835, when his vote on the sibility for Indian government, subject to safe- Viceroy's Council decided the great question of guards and reserves in the transition period, on making English and Western culture dominant Indian shoulders, under a sane and well balanced in the educational systems of India. The Civil constitution. Service of India, recruited so largely from Englishmen of broad education and a controlling sense Conclusion of justice, has led inevitably, by the process of self-communication of ideals, to the dominance of Immense, therefore, as are the risks and dift1the principle of self-determination. The resistless culties which lie ahead, difficulties of casting in determination of the modern world, that law and a vast sub-continent like India the conventions government should reflect national opinion, that and habits of mind which will make it possible economic life should be brought under conscious for a stable government to be derived from a still control, that poverty and inequality should be re- largely illiterate population; the difficulty of creatmoved or destroyed, is actively at work in India ing a political party system in a country in which also. There is hardly a village which is not now minorities claim separate and special representareached by the vernacular press preaching a dis- tion, there is practically no alternative to followcontent, or which has not had a returned soldier ing the trail clearly and courageously blazed by telling about the outside world and of Asiatic these Round Table Conferences. It would seem nations which have emancipated themselves from to be that road or chaos. The primary diffiwhite domination. culty in India will probably be to secure the abandonment of the campaign for immediate in- The old India has gone, or is rapidly going, and dependence by non-violent civil disobedience, and with it the old British Raj is inevitably going also. the co-operation of all elements in the far more The old form of government through a bureau- laborious and less exciting task of agreeing upon cracy, eft1cient but detached from the new life a constitution which will actually enable Indians stirring among the people, is as inadequate for to become responsible for their own government. modern India as it has proved to be for Great That is the real test of Swaraj. Can India develop Britain and America. Government must now rest the statesmanship which will recognize this? Can with a body amenable in constitutional ways to she agree to accept a constitution and work it Indian opinion. Not only is such a step right in patiently and successfully? On the answer, by itself, and the logical result of the presence in Indians themselves, to that question will depend India of the British and of British institutions whether India is to be a self-governing, constituthemselves; it is the only way of avoiding in India tional unit or not. government by repression which, when it is continued by an alien power against the consent of In any event, there would seem to be no practhe governed, never has lasted and never can last tical alternative to proceeding along the lines in the modern world. roughly mapped out by the Round Table Confer- ences. In this difficult and dangerous situation It is sternly true, therefore, that the alter- the road of responsibility, with safeguards in the natives which lie before India today are constitu- period of transition, is apparently the only road tionalism or chaos. The third policy still adhered which wi11lead India past the Scylla of chaos and to by a few strong statesmen in England, of try- dismemberment on the one side, and the Charybing to maintain the old British Raj through the dis of military despotism on the other side, to conresolute determination of the British Government stitutional self-government. It is the only road by to govern India whatever the cost, is an alter- which it is now possible to win over India to connative no longer. The consent of all classes in tentment as a Dominion-an equal partner within India to such a solution has clearly been with- the circle of the British Commonwealth of drawn and British public opinion, in the light of Nations. the development of the diminishing British Empire but the growing British Commonwealth,

A Banker Looks at the W arId*

..:{ By HUGH R. MONRO, Montclair, New Jersey President of the Montclair National Bank; Vice-President of the Niagara Lithograph Company T HERE can be little doubt that one of the its intellectual opportunity, and its domestic tran- least cultivated areas of our common think- quility, as more or less typical of America and the ing is that which has to do with an in- rest of the world. Of course he knows that there telligent outlook upon world conditions. It is not are certain backward nations and a number of that we are wholly ignorant of political move- formidable social evils to be dealt with; but his ments in other lands or the major happenings in sense of these things is distant; they are merely world affairs; but there is singular absence of disagreeable facts which in the light of general knowledge concerning the social and moral status world progress may be regarded as having of a large portion of mankind. Even among diminishing importance.

Christians who profess a deep interest in the After leaving Mr. Green I found myself with world-wide work of the Church, a flood of thoughts, chief among there are few who can summon them this: Is Maple Avenue anything approaching a compre- How does a banker-one really a true sample of the hensive picture of the present who deals largely with world? Take for example that state of human society. This is money and material things steaming New York East Side an important question. From -look at the present moral on an August night with its din, the standpoint of a proper and economic crisis in the its smells, its pallid children, its standard . of culture such a world? Does he see chiefly fire escape bedrooms, its sufferworld view must be regarded a ing and its crime. I thought of first essential; from the Chris- the weakness of interna- vast sections of similar squalor tian standpoint its lack is a sign tional credits, the problems in Philadelphia, Chicago, San of unpardonable ignorance. of transportation and the Francisco and other cities. The A recital, which may be con- supply of the world's mar- people of America as a whole enjoy a standard of living unsidered more than parable, will kets? Does he look upon paralleled in history; and yet add point to this observation: the millions of China and how small a portion of the land I n d i a as possible pur- resembles Maple Avenue in the Mr. Green, a well-to-do mer- chasers? What is the chief slightest degree. chant, has been for a number of cause of trouble and what years a resident of Maple Ave- is the cure? These and My mind turned to the festernue, one of the newer and more other questions this Chris-: ing East End of London; to the attractive streets of our city. tian banker answers for sodden conditions of great sec- He is cultured, respected, an himself-and perhaps for tions of Glasgow, Manchester elder of the nearby Park Church. you. and Liverpool; to the widening As we returned from church areas of destitution in such together yesterday he spoke with enthusiasm of the increas- cities as Paris, Berlin, Vienna, ing beauty of the neighborhood, Rome and Naples. I was oc- mentioning especially the new high school build- cupied not alone with the poverty and physical ing, regarded as one of the finest in the state. distress of these cities, but with visions of their Mr. Green was of the opinion that modern educa- breeding plots of discord, disease, crime and social tion, supplemented of course by the work of the unrest against which education and sanitation ap- Church, was rapidly spreading enlightenment pear to make little advance. The drear aspects of throughout the world. He said that the present the scene are not unrelieved by brighter vistas, world troubles are but the growing pains of an especially as the smaller nations of northern advancing civilization. I gained the strong im- Europe are brought within view; but with all such pression from our talk that Mr. Green thought values fully considered there remains an enormous of Maple Avenue with its architectural dignity, debit of human misery.

Turning toward eastern Europe the prospect • The author disclaims responsibility for the title of this article as darkens perceptibly. People live under unstable well as for the implied economic outlook. H. R. M.

[28 ] and in some cases despotic governments even the lot of this vast human sector compare with though they may be nominally republics. There our own? A press dispatch reports that one milare State Churches which admit of little or no lion children in a single Chinese province died true religious freedom; economic conditions are last winter of cold and hunger. Another item oppressive. Russia is increasingly recognized as says that ninety-five per cent of the population the chief menace to world security and peace. If can neither read nor write. This vast country imperialistic autocracy has been overthrown, a is without any effective central government. social order has been substituted under which Revolution is on every side. War-lords oppress masses of the people are reduced to practical the people for their own gain; bands of brigands slavery. This new order has not only discarded sweep down from the hills to harass the terror most of the recognized elements of civilized so- stricken people; opposing national armies move ciety, but has attempted to abolish religion, to across the scene, leaving a scene of death and uproot the moral sanctities, to destroy the home desolation. There have been recent disasters of and to make mockery of the marriage tie. This flood and famine. A correspondent has recently is the plight of more than one hundred and fifty cabled his New York daily that one-half of the millions of people who less than a score of years population of China is in a condition of destitution ago were citizens of a proud empire occupying a and distress on account of warfare, famine and conspicuous place in the family of nations. flood.

The peoples under review thus far represent Terrible as these calamities are they do not approximately one-third of the world's population. complete the story. Gigantic moral evils are eat- It is that portion of the world whose civilization ing like a cancer at the life of China; hoary superhas been moulded in some measure by Christian stitions hold the people in bondage to fear; tradiconceptions and ideals. And while it is sadly true tions and customs effectively bar the way to that only in small degree and in much the lesser emancipation and progress. Their misery makes part of this vast area have these conceptions taken them an easy prey of Communists. It is entirely deep root, it remains that Europe and America, clear that the one hope for the future lies in that including such English-speaking dominions as deposit of saving salt which Christian missionary Australia and New Zealand, embrace nearly all of effort has planted in the midst of the life of China. the enlightenment, humanitarianism, progressive- Even a small group of enlightened native leaders, ness, beneficence, and physical well-being to be incorruptible in character might, as in the hisfound on the face of the globe. tory of other nations, tum the tide of evil and lead these bewildered, suffering millions into a As we turn to the so-called "backward" peoples brighter day. of Asia and Africa, the scene undergoes violent change. However broad our racial sympathies, In India many aspects of the picture appear we can find little satisfaction in an attempt to even darker. The three hundred and forty milview these great human problems from the stand- lions (one-fifth of the human race) endure a dispoint of the backward peoples themselves, since tressingly sorrowful and despairing existence. their whole outlook is distorted by the corruptions During the last generation, through improved livand limitations by which their lives are confined. ing conditions, the people of America have added Ignorance will always remain the antithesis of ten years to the life span, whereas the people of knowledge; superstition of enlightenment; cruelty India have lost ten years. Several recent and of humanity; and degradation of character. widely read books on Indian life will reveal the Moreover the emancipation of a portion of the nature of this virus which is destroying the fibre human race from these malign influences has been of this unhappy people. The plight of more than the main fruit of centuries of advancing civiliza- fifteen million child widows is one of the most tion. shuddering tragedies which has ever come to womanhood. The Hindu religion is responsible This great non-Christian world raises issues for widespread moral corruption which is maniwhich stagger the imagination. Here we find fest in degrading scenes sculptured upon its more than two-thirds of the human family living temple walls, the evils of child marriage, the social under conditions little understood by the vast inequity of the caste system, and slavery to many majority of those who bear the name Christian. forms of vice. Poverty in India is so oppressive that at least sixty millions of the people are never China, with its four hundred and twenty mil- free from the gnawing pangs of hunger. One lions, embraces one-fourth of all mankind. It is would despair for the future of this distressed probable that ninety per cent of Americans have people were· it not for the growing strength of never seen a Chinese boy or girl, or a Chinese the Indian Christian Church; in its vital influence woman, and yet every fourth boy and girl and and leadership is India's one ray of hope. woman in the world is a Chinese. And how does

In Africa, what devastating sorrows have swept higher values of our American civilization have over the one hundred and forty millions of dark- come. Miracles of social transformation and skinned people during the past century. The spiritual uplift support the highest hopes of like iniquitous slave traffic, the rum traffic, and other conquests even among the earth's most backward cruel oppressions for which the white races have and oppressed. been largely responsible, have been supplemented by such indigenous evils as tribal warfare, can- A banker's well known predilection for analysis nibalism, witch doctors, degrading superstition, may justify the following by way of summary: and revolting heathen customs inherited from a hoary past. While a century of missionary effort (1) The Christian holds the key to a correct has lessened the gloom of dense African darkness understanding of present disturbed world condiwith streaks of light, nevertheless it still remains tions. The causes of present economic distress "the dark, sobbing continent." are at root moral: they were introduced by an iniquitous war; they were advanced by an orgy Another vast continental domain-and perhaps of senseless speculation; they are perpetuated by the least understood-lies almost at our doors. world-wide fear and distrust. We hear much of the glamor of the beautiful coast cities of Latin America, as it is called from (2) Benevolence has become sadly unbalanced. the racial origin of its peoples, but much less of Millions of dollars have been poured out for the the great interior with its primitive life and its mere aesthetics of college and university equipintellectual and moral desolation. A large part ment in America, when millions of boys and girls of the seventy millions of South America must are wholly without educational opportunity in still be numbered among the backward peoples other parts of the world. Luxurious hospitals of the earth; illiteracy in many parts reaching as multiply in number; and the medical professiDn high as eighty and even ninety per cent. War- has become Dvercrowded, while vast sections of fare and revolution are almost constant, and the world's population have no medical attention political morality at a low ebb. There has been whatever. In some areas the ratiO' is one physician much exploitation of the poor Indians and the ecclesiastical oppression by the powerful Roman or nurse tOo each half milliDn peDple, in cDntrast to Church is comparable with that of the pre-Reformation period in Europe. Great stretches of un- one to each one hundred in America engaged in the evangelized territory are still found in the heart war against disease. Many Df Dur philanthropists of South America. find it difficult tOo discover worthy objects, and To deal separately with the lesser nations would mean too great an expansion of this narrative. frequently bestow vast sums on undertakings of There are vast areas that are still practically little value, while modest sums intelligently used untouched by the Christian Gospel. In fact there abroad are changing the lives and environment of are millions more of unevangelized people in the many thousands. There are in certain backward world today than when the era of modern mis- countries opportunities for judicious investment sions began. which would go far toward ameliorating the dis- tressed condition of millions of people and even Expressed in figures the spiritual balance sheet might have a decisive influence in directing the is as follows: Out of a world population of 1,800,- course of an entire civilization. 000,000 less than one-third (500,000,000) have been brought into touch with the Christian Gospel (3) At the root of the most serious difficulties in either the sense of a knowledge of its saving which beset the world today is the decrease of message or the experience of its benefits as ex- vital Christian faith. On every hand there are pressed in well-ordered civilized society. If only signs that the influences of a materialistic age evangelical Christians are included the figure have not only had a benumbing effect upon the would be reduced to a fraction of the above. life of the Church at home, but have brought a chill to its enterprises abroad. In each of the While there is little in the world outlook to many similar eras of spiritual declension during suggest the peace and happiness of Maple Avenue the past nineteen centuries the corrective has been and the tranquil outlook of Elder Gr.een, yet his- a widespread spiritual awakening. There can be tory reminds us that Maple Avenue, and all other no other remedy now. havens of social content, are the fruits of a Christian inheritance. A mere glance at the moral and The one essentially new feature in the world social status Df Europe in the Middle Ages shows situation is the drawing together of the peoples how profound was the influence of the recovery of of the earth through easy communication and the Bible, with its liberating message, upon every commerce, so that solidarity and interdependence phase of life, also the source from which all the now exists. Today the influence of any powerful movement in one nation is immediately· felt by all the others. We believe that the next great Spiritual Visitation will be international in its scope.

N evv Vision of Home

..:( By REV. WILLIAM R. KING, D. D., New York 11:·· Executive Secretary, Home Missions Council A number of Conferences have been held to carry forward the constructive program of the North American Home Missions Congress held in Washington, D. C., a year ago. Cincinnati, Ohio; Seattle, Washington; Portland, Oregon; Oakland, San Francisco, Berkeley, Sacramento and Los Angeles, California; and Denver, Colorado, were the centers in which programs of strong Home Mission interest were presented. The 1932 series of conferences begins in Indianapolis, January 18th and other conferences will follow through the year to carry to the Churches the message, spirit and conclusions of the Home Missions Congress, with the results of the studies of the new Five Year Program.

T HE North American Home Missions Con- 2. We see, as never before, the magnitude of gress, which was held in Washington in the task, the size and complexity of the enterprise, December, 1930, and the Findings of the and the wide range of interest. Five Year Program of Survey and Adjustment of the Home Missions Council, have given us a new The territory reaches from Point Barrow, the vision of Home Missions. They have enabled us most northern settlement in Alaska, to the West to see Home Missions as never before. Several Indies and Central America, from within 18 dethings stand out clearly in the picture. grees of the North Pole to within 18 degrees of the Equator, and from the Atlantic to the P::tcific. 1. We see more vividly the long and interest- It includes Canada, the United States, the West ing road over which we have been traveling for Indies, Mexico and the Canal Zone. three centuries. Over this vast expanse there is scattered a Some have said that Foreign Missions are more noble army of faithful missionaries, pastors, interesting than Home Missions because of their evangelists, teachers, doctors, nurses, community romance. Distance seems to lend enchantment to workers, itinerant missionaries, colporteurs and the one, while familiarity breeds contempt for the general superintendents. other. That depends upon what one means by romance. If you mean fiction that has no founda- Twenty-six denominations, constituent to the tion in fact, then neither fit the conception for Home Missions Council, in 1929 reported 16,196 both have to do with facts and deal with tre- home missionaries laboring in 18,123 different mendous realities. enterprises at an annual expenditure of $17,061,- 701, in addition to specially designated gifts, But, by romance, if you mean that unusual in- which run into thousands of dollars. terest that gives scope to imagination and idealization, that dash of chivalry that challenges ad- We see HOll.1e Missions as Big Business. miration, that spirit of adventure that stirs the heroic within us, then Home Missions has all the 3. Over against this magnificent history and glamour and dazzle of romance that we desire. these immense resources of men and money, we see a third thing-the Unmet Needs. Home Missions are inseparably linked with North American history-their development and For over three years the Home Missions Couninterests intertwine. There is nothing more cil has been making surveys of the field. These romantic or interesting in the eventful history have opened our eyes wider, and enabled us to of America than the heroic efforts to plant the see much more clearly the unfinished task. Half Christian Church on these shores, and the story the total population of the country is outside of of its slow and tedious conquest of the nation any kind of a church, Catholic, Jewish or Prothrough three hundred years. testant. Our attention has been called to the scattered populations of the changed rural areas, From the high peak of the Washington Con- the unreached thousands of our great modern gress we look back over the long and winding and cities, the exceptional groups in our mountains diverging roads of Home Missions in their march and industrial centers. There are large groups across the continent, and in our hearts exclaim of people to whom the Gospel is not even being "What hath God wrought." preached and there are large areas without the ministry of any church.

[ 31 ]

These facts disturb us, to think that after all in large measure upon the way in which we treat these years so many are unreached, for whom this matter. The lack of interdenominational co- Christ died. They are men and women to whom operation is holding back the success of the He commissioned his Church to "preach the Church all along the line. This failure to work in Gospel." These unmet religious needs come as an harmony is wasting our resources, weakening our inescapable challenge. programs, discrediting our testimony and belying 4. We have a new vision of the changed char- our essential unity. acter of Home Missions and the necessity for new means and new methods, and for a larger Chris- Bishop Charles Wesley Burns of the Methodist tian statesmanship. Episcopal Church, in a recent address to the Cali- fornia State Church Federation, referred to "Co- Much of the old Home Missions has gone and a operation in Christian work," as "the most imnew Home Missions is arriving. The day of the portant question at the present time in the inpioneer, the covered wagon and the frontier has terest of human welfare." He declared that "it is passed. Ve are now living in a new America and not the ecclesiastical or historical emphasis that in the twentieth century. will save the churches but actual practical every- day cooperative work." There is apparent today the great need for a new Home Mission statesmanship. A statesman- Dr. Mott, in his great closing address of the ship able to see the changed conditions, able to National Congress, said "In every hour during discern the new character of Home Missions, able this creative gathering we must have heard the to see the work in relation to the total task of the summons to a larger unity. Never have the divi- Church, and able to be unafraid and adventurous sions among Protestant Christians, at home and in the face of great difficulties. abroad, seemed to me to be so unnecessary, so unwise, and therefore so unChristian as they do This larger statesmanship can not be worked just now." He gave us six reasons for a more out by mission boards and missionary secretaries perfect cooperation in our Home Mission workalone. They are doing their part. They are awake to the new day and the new demands, but The overwhelming magnitude of the task they must have help. There is entirely too much The difficulty of the undertaking "passing the buck," whatever that may mean, in. The urgency of the present situations this matter, to national organizations. Our Home The necessity of economy Mission Boards can go no faster than pastors and The enrichment of spiritual life laymen will allow them to go. They can do no The triumphant apologetics it would give us more than the Church will enable them to do. 5. Again we have a new vision of the im- This larger statesmanship for which the Congress portance of Home Missions in this day, and the pled includes us all-mission boards, missionary necessity for a new emphasis upon this task in our secretaries, national, regional and local ecclesi- churches.

astical bodies, and officials, pastors and church We came away from Washington with the con- members. viction that the rnost urgent immediate and in- Furthermore, this statesmanship must be able sistent task of the Church in this day is the mak- to cross denominational lines. It must be able to ing of America Christian. There is nothing see the strategy of interdenominational coopera- America needs so much today as Christ.

tion. Will Durant in an article in the October Red Denominational programs can no more be built Book, entitled "America on Trial," pointed out solely within denominational circles than our na- in his brilliant way, eight things wrong with tional policies can be determined without taking America: into consideration all the other nations of the 1. The Melting Pot is not working earth. 2. Our Agriculture is bankrupt Cooperation was perhaps the biggest word in 3. Our Industrial System has broken down the Washington Congress. It came up in every 4. Our Democracy is a failure group and entered largely into the consideration 5. Our Cultural life is superficial and vulgar of every question-problems of the city, difficult 6. Our Moral life is in chaos rural situations, work among the Indians, 7. Our Civilization is dying Mexicans or New Americans-sooner or later all 8. The Drama of Protestantism is reaching its must come to the question of interdenominational close cooperation. Any man, who is alert, can catalogue a long list This is one of the most important matters now of things that are wrong in America. It takes no facing Protestant Christianity. The solution of great wisdom or unusual skill to paint a very every other problem of the Church today depends distressing picture of our country and our times.

THE NEW VISION OF HOME MISSIONS

The difficulty is not in knowing what is wrong, The task of Home Missions is to reveal Christ to America, especially to the fifty millions or more but it seems to be in knowing how to make things who are unreached and neglected.

right. Not only is this necessary for the salvation of Our politicians do not seem to know. They America but to fulfillment of our Home Mission task and for the salvation of the Church. have had time enough and opportunity enough to The Church is on trial in America. She is facset things right, but the more they do, the less ing her Waterloo. Organized Christianity has failed in other ages and in other lands. It failed they seem to accomplish. in Russia; men of prominence tell us that it has Our captains of industry do not seem to know. failed in Europe; will the Church fail in this age and in this land? Surely they have had all the time and opportunity Such a catastrophe could happen. Will it hapneeded to bring about better conditions, but the pen? It depends, in my judgment, primarily upon more they talk the less intelligent they seem- the way in which the Church meets her Home Mission task. Her spiritual battlefields, where and the longer they control affairs, the more dis- the destiny of organized institutionalized religion is to be determined, are not on the avenues of our tressing the conditions become. large cities where stand our great cathedrals, but Our economists and sociologists do not seem to in their slums "where cross the crowded ways of life"; not in the cultured county seat towns where know. There has never been a time when they are to be found our most delightful pastorates but in the hills and mountains of the hinterlands. talked more and said less than today-none of them seems to know the way out. Their pro- The Church of Christ must be made to appre- ciate the importance and urgency of Home Misnouncements are a confused clashing of opinions sions. It must be made Home-Mission-minded. There must be a revival of interest and zeal for -and muddling of issues. this work. We must correct the false impression When will America come to see Jesus Christ that the task has been accomplished. It was never greater than today, it was never more urgent than as her true counsellor? Only when the Church today. The total life and success of the entire truly lives and shines into every dark corner of Church both at home and abroad never depended more truly upon Home Missions than in this very this great land. Only when the Gospel is preached period through which the world is now passing. to all the people in every part of this vast domain, The Washington Congress was convinced that with such power and conviction, and passion, and the day has come for a great Home Missionary advance in North America. earnestness, and sanity that the unchurched and 6. Lastly, the new vision has given us a more unevangelized multitudes will be impelled to come spiritual conception of our task and a deeper feelto Him and be saved. ing of absolute dependence upon the Spirit of God We cannot have a saved nation of unsaved and the leadership of Jesus Christ in this great enterprise. I can do no better than to quote two people. America's fundamental trouble today is paragraphs from the Findings: not in economics, not in industry, not in politics, Again and again we have been thrilled by a sense of how far we have come toward a Christian North America. not in government, not in sociology, not in educa- But again and again we hav,e been arrested by a sense tion, not in moving pictures, not in stock markets, of how far short we are of the ideal of Christ for these nations. We have come far enough to glimpse the Promised not in unemployment-America's fundamental Land. But to pass over into it seems beyond our strength. We felt, as Stanley Jones has put it, that "We cannot go trouble is in the realm of religion-irreligion- further until we go deeper."

anti-religion—eccentric religion-America must What we need, and what we believe the Church at large needs, is a renewed and more vital consciousness of God; have Christ. He is her only hope. a sense that Jesus is Savior and that there is none other, President Hoover, in his opening speech of the either for the individual, or for society; that without Him we can do nothing; that through Him we can do anything Unemployment Drive last October, said: that needs to be done. We must strive to interpret these convictions of our Christian faith in life and in language I would that I possessed the art of words to fix the real that will capture the attention and allegiance of our fellow-Christians. issue with which the troubled world is faced into the mind and heart of every American man and woman. Our coun- try and the world are today involved in more than a financial crisis. Weare faced with the primary question of human sroeclaiettiyonas~dwhtoichthereadcehpeths to the very depth of organized of human conscience.

This civilization and this great complex, which we call American life, is builded and can alone survive upon the translation into individual action of that fundamental philosophy announced by the S~viour nin~teen cent~ries ago. Part of our national suffermg today IS from faIlure to observe these primary yet inexorable laws of human relationship. Modern society cannot survive with the de- fense of Cain, "Am I my brother's keeper?"

No governmental action, no economic doctrine, no eco- nomic plan or project can replace that God-imposed r~­ sponsibility of the individual man and woman to their neighbors. That is a vital part of the very soul of the people. If we shall gain in this spirit from this pai~ful time, we shall have created a greater and more glorIOUS America. The trial of it is here now. It is a trial of the heart and conscience of individual men and women.

and the World of

By the REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D. D., »: .

Princeton, New Jersey Editor of the Moslem World; Author of "Across the World of Islam," etc.

A RESTLESS, disillusioned, changing world; ing Negro lads the Koran. On his table there a rest-giving and unchanging Christ- were Indian, Turkish, and Egyptian papers. In these are two great present-day realities. the little mosque there was a money-chest to col- Jesus Christ, alive for ever more, is present today lect for "the holy war of the Riffs" against the in human history. He is the head of the Church French in Morocco, and it was labelled: "To be and the spiritual leader of the missionary enter- sent through the Caliphate Committee, Bombay!"

prise. According to His own promise He is with Islam is a 'world brotherhood. It is always and us all the days. In a real sense, therefore, we may everywhere cosmopolitan.

speak of Him, reverently, as "our contemporary." This cosmopolitan character of the Islamic And the unevangelized world of Islam, too, is a brotherhood in Africa is emphasized by the use reality. In this world Jesus Christ has been at of the same character in writing and the same work by His providence, by His word and through speech in prayer and public worship. The slates His Spirit for centuries, and He works now. The in the hands of children at Fez, Timbuctu, rise of Islam was a challenge to the supremacy, Mponda, Zanzibar, Lagos and Cape Town, have the finality and the sufficiency of God's Word and the same copy in the same script: "Bisrriillahi- of God's Son. For neither the Koran nor Mo- arrahman-ar-rahim." "In the name of Allah, the hammed could escape "the fact of the Ghrist." compassionate, the merciful."

Islam arose in a Christian environment. Present- While at Zomba in Nyasaland, I walked some day scholarship is agreed that the best elements miles through the jungle to a Moslem village in its dogma and ethics were due to Nestorian where I was expected to make an address through Christianity. The influence of a Christian tradi- a Christian interpreter who spoke Yao. On artion can not be ignored in the life of Mohammed. rival, the courtyard before the mosque was However warped, or misunderstood, or wrested, crowded. I received a warm welcome, but never yet in many and mysterious ways the Truth of used my Christian interpreter. The Imam and God bored its way from within. Christ's portrait his son had been to Mecca, spoke perfect Arabic, in the Koran, though only a sad caricature, could and interpreted for me into Yao. Islamic civilinot be wholly hid. God left Himself not without zation always includes the Arabic speech and witness and for thirteen centuries Moslems have alphabet which are spreading today in Africa. In had the clear testimony of the Koran to the exist- Cape Town the Arabic character is used to print ence and the authority of the Gospel. a Dutch (Afrikaans) commentary on the Koran. The remnants of the Christian Church that sur- In spite of rising nationalism and the abolition vived the Saracen flood in the ark of faith, also of the Caliphate by Turkey, there is still real panwitnessed for Christ by word and life and martyr- Islamism evident in the Moslem press, in the death down the ages. Earthquake, wind and fire derwish-orders and in the annual pilgrimage to shook the mountain of Islam during the World War. What is the still, small Voice that speaks Mecca. to us today and summons the Church to complete The Moslem press of India, of Egypt and of its task? Turkey was never more active, never more inter- national in its outlook than it is today. The I. There is a solidarity and an essential unity reason is that the cult of nationalism, as for ex- in the world of Islam which baffles the student of ample, in Palestine, Afghanistan and Persia, history and of present-day missions. which some thought would prove the death-knell It transcends race and language, geographical of pan-Islamism has not decreased but rather in- boundaries and political ideas. creased international bonds between scattered In July, 1925, I visited one of the mosques at Moslem groups and distant lands. Witness the Beira, Portuguese East Africa. A Yemen Arab agitation of the Indian press regarding Zionism in who had received instruction in Cairo was teach- Palestine, the interest of Javanese newspapers in [34 ] Egyptian politics and the proposals for the re- world of thought and life. Turkey is turning her back on the past and is trampling on traditions vival of the Caliphate on the part of the Nizam that had the sanctity of age and religion. The of Hyderabad. Eldon Rutter, the most recent of cry of the reactionaries is, "Back to the Koran and to Mohammed." The problem of the progres- European pilgrims to Mecca, tells in his book, sives is to get as far away from both as is decent "The Holy Cities of Arabia," how deeply he felt and safe. The unity of the Moslem problem is nowhere seen more clearly than in this struggle the unity and solidarity of Moslem brotherhood as he saw the multitudes thronged around the of the old and the new in the womb of a new day. Kaaba. Islam is a world-religion. It is similar in all lands from Java to Morocco. Today the number of those who profess and call National and compulsory primary education for themselves Mohammedans is nearly two hundred and fifty millions. In southeastern Europe (omit- the masses is an ambitious program for countries ting the scattered groups of Britain and France as negligible in number but not in their influence) where until very recently 96% of the men and there are three and a half millions. They are found chiefly in Albania, Bulgaria, Greece and 99% of the women were illiterate. Yugo-Slavia. Add to these a little over eighteen Yet this is the proposal for Turkey and for millions in European and Asiatic Russia and nearly two hundred thousand in South America Egypt by Moslem educational leaders. By simpli- (chiefly Brazil and Guiana). fication of grammar, by adopting the Latin alpha- Pass to the two great continents and the Island world where Islam has made its conquests. In bet, by every possible device, Turkey seeks a Africa there are nearly fifty million followers of higher literacy. The present activity and enterthe Arabian prophet, and they are found almost prise of the Moslem press and journalism already everywhere except in the southwestern portion of the continent. In the Belgian and French Congo, mentioned are creating new opportunities and a Liberia, Mozambique, Somaliland; around the Lakes and Zanzibar and in Madagascar, on the new mentality among the masses. Provincialism west coast of Senegal, Guinea, Dahomey, in is going. Here is a Malay weekly published by Uganda, Abyssinia, Kenya, Tanganyika; in Sierra Mohammedans in Borneo. On a single page there Leone and the Gold Coast, Togoland and the Camerouns; nearly eleven million in Nigeria, and is an article on Islam in America, another on the last but not least, the solid belt of Moslem coun- new mosque in Berlin, items regarding Aligarh tries in the north, Egypt, the Sudan, Tripoli, Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco. In Africa pagan- College, India, Nationalism in Bengal, and an adism is crumbling, but Islam is aggressive, vertisement of a Japanese steamship company, ubiquitous, and is contesting with Christianity the destiny of a continent. that accommodates Borneo pilgrims for Mecca, if they will embark at Pedang, Sumatra. In Asia every country has its Moslem problem except Japan and Korea. In China there are Social unrest is found everywhere. It concerns about nine millions; in the Dutch East Indies over itself not only with such obvious matters as westforty millions. India has the largest Moslem population of any country in the world-over ern dress and head-gear, the calendar, banking, seventy-seven millions. In Bengal province alone there are twenty-seven and a half million Mos- the cinema and theatre, but with far deeper issues lems. These figures are from the last census. due to the impact of Western civilization.

II. Islam is growing in numbers and entering Feminism and Bolshevism are the two foci of new areas, but is losing in prestige and power. the great ellipse of agitation. The rights of womanhood and the rights of the proletariat have In every land of the Near East we witness, on the one hand, its disintegration and inner decay; found powerful advocates. The press of Persia, and on the other hand, frantic attempts to restore of Afghanistan, of Central Asia and of India are old sanctions and revive old beliefs and practices. directly or indirectly deeply influenced by Moscow.

New movements, economic, social, intellectual, In Turkey there is lively discussion not only of spiritual, are stirring everywhere. 'rhe currents social but of religious liberty. Husein Jahid Bey run counter to each other, and Zionism, Bolshevism, Commercialism, Nationalism, Imperialism, has recently published a book with the title, "The all have their own interests centering in the Near Book of the Citizen" mainly translated from two East. Each is a disintegrating factor in the old French authors. In the chapter on Religious Liberty he says: Religious liberty holds first place among all social liberties. Religious liberty does not mean merely the right of every person to be free in his sohwonulrdelbigeiofur es eb et ol i ebf~ but it means also that every church es- tablished anywhere without any hindrance, and to propa- gate its ideals by word or by institutions such as hospitals, schools and universities. 'A free church in a free State,'

as it is in America and in Holland. To worship God as I wish, and to believe as I think should be the right of every person. The state does not recognize 'believer' or 'unbeliever'; it recognizes only 'citizen.''' Then we have the following most significant words regarding Chris- tianity and the Gospel:

The Gospels proclaim a law of love and peace. Yet spite of the alliance between the scion of Abd-ul- since the days of the union of the Church with the State Majid and the multi-millionaire ruler of Hydera- under Constantine, the human conscience has been kept bad. The political horizon is clouded and no one under oppression. Many millions have been killed, expelled can foretell the weather that broods on the North- and persecuted. Bloodshed in the name of religion is west frontier of India or in the Near East. greater than that shed in political warfare. If the State and the Church had not united their interests and passions, III. Across this restless and changing world Christendom would not have witnessed such cruelty. However, the political interests of the Kings and Popes have the message of the living Christ is exerting its disappeared. No one is forced to accept a religion today. Whether one praises the Renaissance and the great Re- power silently and ceaselessly. formation or curses them, it does not matter. Today that mentality is dominant everywhere. Our thought, ideals, The production and distribution of the Bible morals, are saturated with those principles. Today a citizen and a believer seem to be on opposite sides. On the continues wihlout hindrance. In North Africa one hand liberty is considered as a poisonous fruit of the Great Revolution, and the believers are taught to curse it. the sales of the Christian Scripture increased On the other hand the citizens are told to look to the Church as an enemy of civilization. There is much con- from 17,000 copies in 1904 to 78,000 in 1928. fusion in people's minds on these points. This is alto- Last year for the first time in history a colporteur gether baseless. Christianity is no enemy of liberal insti- sold eight hundred gospels openly and without tutions; in fact such institutes have existed only in Chris- molestation in the streets of Ouezzan, the sacred tian countries. The peoples who have followed the laws city of Morocco. In Persia and East Arabia the of Brahma, Buddha, and Mohammed have known nothing Gospel may truly be counted among "the best but despotism. Modern liberty is the fruit of the Gospels. sellers." Its penetrative power is evident in village conversation and in the city press from Needless to say, such a bold prophet met with Fez to Isfahan. The leading poet of Egypt and the outstanding novelist of Turkey, both Moslems, opposition, and the reactionary press handled his acknowledge their indebtedness to the Bible for inspiration and style. A missionary in India book very roughly. asked a Mullah who was preaching to villagers on being born again, "Sir, from where did you get In Egypt the case of the Moslem convert and the subject of your sermon?" Immediately he pulled from a pocket a copy of the New Testapreacher, Kamil Mansur (who suffered imprison- ment, and turning to the third chapter of St. John said, "I got my subject from here. For the ment on a false charge and was afterward ac- last two years I have carried this book with me always. The traditions of Islam are a thing of the quitted) was a step forward for religious liberty. past; it is now necessary for us to find salvation. Jesus has said, 'God is Spirit, and we must wor- We learn that "there are indications that the ship Him in spirit and in truth'."

leavening of thought and life by Western ideas, In day-schools, colleges, and universities, in outwhich has characterized the post-war history of door clinics, welfare-centers and hospitals, in so- Egypt, is still proceeding. At one time the swing cial service and deeds of mercy, the Living Christ of the pendulum seems to favor the party of re- is at work. The colporteur introduces men and form. At another it swings back in the direction women and children to their Best Friend-enof Moslem orthodoxy and conservatism. Many in- larging the circle every day of the year. stances might be quoted in illustration of this alternating movement. Two years ago it was A stimulating definition of a missionary was rumored that the reforms at al Azhar University given by a Turkish friend to Miss Ethel W. would include the introduction into the curriculum Putney of Gedik Pasha, Istanbul, Turkey. "There of the optional study of foreign languages, espe- are two kinds of people in the world," he said, cially French and English, and also the study of "those who are just good, and those whose goodcomparative religion. The Commission which ness is so living and contagious that others who was appointed to determine these reforms has come in contact with it are transformed. The recently issued its report. It is true that much latter are the only true missionaries, whatever has been done to correlate the programme of stu- their label may be. They are living in such vital dents at al Azhar with that prescribed in the. touch with God that His power and love transordinary Government schools, but there is no men- form them, and through them, others." tion of either foreign languages or comparative religion. It would appear that, for the moment, This testimony should encourage those who are the conservative element at al Azhar has pre- perplexed by the paucity of converts in lands vailed." where public confession is still so difficult.

So the rising tide of progressive nationalism God is working out His purposes secretly and meets an undertow of reactionary currents every- openly. The latest news from Java gives the total where. The Moslem congress, called to meet in number of baptised Moslems in that Island as over Jerusalem in December, has already encountered strong opposition to its program in the Cairo press. The Caliphate will not be resurrected in

PRIMITIVE TRIBES OF THE CARIBBEAN

47,000-forty thousand more than the statistics lands, the words of an Indian Statesman, the late God gave Elijah when he was down-hearted! (I Sir Narayan Chandavarkar, come to mind. He Kings 19 :18). spoke of the conversion of India, but his words apply to the Moslem world as well : A letter comes just now from a friend in Central Asia: "Never before has the Christian "The process of conversion of India to Christ Mission in Turkestan been so successful and may not be going on as rapidly as you hope, or promising as it is now. During the first three in exactly the same manner as you hope but, quarters of this year more than thirty Moslems nevertheless, India is being converted; the ideas have confessed their faith in Christ and have that lie at the heart of the Gospel are slowly but been baptised." surely permeating every part of Hindu society, and modifying every phase of Hindu thought." As we consider the present situation in Moslem Primitive Tribes of the Caribbean ..:{ By the REV. THOMAS C. MOFFETT Philadelphia, Secretary of the Indian Missions of America I N the twenty republics south- how primitive and uncivilized east of the United States, are the native Indian tribes. there is an estimated popula- Pre-historic ruins, extinct civ- tion of 18,000,000 pure-blood In- ilizations, ancient cultures, are dians, speaking the native' lin- being investigated, as aerial sur- guae. If those of mixed blood, veys, archeological researches, predominantly Indian, are in- and daring explorations bring to cluded, then the classification of Ii g h t unsuspected material.

35,000,000 as Redmen may not What unwritten history is sug- be far astray in the whole of gested by the mute record of the Latin America. Several of these pyramid of San Juan Teotehua- republics have a very small per can near Mexico City, compara- cent of Caucasian or white in- ble in size with the great pyra- habitants. Mexico has only nine- mid of Egypt; by the granite teen per cent white, and the five stelae and enduring walls of an- Central American states average cient Mayan ruins, over which fifteen per cent. Col. Lindbergh and other discov- This is really Indian America. erers have flown during the last Only a few years ago the legis- year; by the Inca altars of Cuz- lature of Ecuador seriously con- co, Peru, and by the scant me- sidered making the old Inca morials of early Caribs, Arawa- tongue, the Quicha, which is kas, and Chivchas of the old spoken today by a large propor- Spanish Main.

tion of its inhabitants, the offi- The . whole Indian situation cial language of the republic. from the viewpoint of the Chris- Another surprising fact is tion missionary enterprise needs that South America should still to be studied. But so vast are retain her position as the one the areas, and so backward great division of the area of the and isolated are the native world, outside of the polar populations, that comparative- regions, large districts of GOAJIRO INDIAN OF COLOMBIA ly limited fields must be which are still unknown to segregated, such as the Car- white men. The recent explorations of the ibbean coastal region of which this article treats.

Dickey expedition along the sources of the The continent of South America is 3,300 miles Orinoco River in Venezuela and Brazil re- wide by 5,000 miles long. Brazil alone is larger veal how unfamiliar are vast regions and than the United States. Where civilization has

not penetrated, where the Indian tribes have not each of the bays, opening from the Caribbean, for that strait which should lead to far Cathay. had the privileges of education and evangeliza- Seeking the same mythical passage, Balboa pene- trated into the interior and climbed the ridge tion, there are to be found today the most back- where ward and savage regions of the world. Here is With eagle eyes He star'd at the Pacific-and all his men probably the largest body of neglected human be- Look'd at each other with a wild surmise Silent upon a peak in Darien. ings, from the viewpoint of the Church and the The number of Indians in Panama at the pres- Christian message, in proportion to the total pop- ent time cannot be even approximately estimated, for few of the primitive wild Indians leave their ulation, of any element of earth's inhabitants, un- jungle and mountain retreats, and the census enu- merators of the Republic do not penetrate to their less Central Asia is to be excepted. isolation. One hundred thousand is the figure given as comprehending the total, and 36,000 The historic Spanish Main, extending in a tribal Redmen of this number, still holding to their native language, customs and independence, crescent along the shores of the Caribbean from acknowledging relations to no other government Panama on to the northeast coast of Guiana, now in the Isthmus. There appears to have been was the scene of the romantic and adventur- no written language, not even a system of hieroous exploits of the gold-seekers, Spanish con- glyphics, among the aborigines of Panama. They quistadores, buccaneers and pirates. Here was were less nomadic than the North American tribes the arena of the conquests over numerous Indian and in weaving and domestic arts they were populations, exploited by the stronger and well- superior. armed Europeans, who exterminated millions of these Redmen. Of all the varied interests of this To enumerate the tribal divisions and charactropical region, its natural resources, its climate, teristics of these Indians would be to little purwhich in our northern winter affords a dry, balmy, pose, but the outstanding facts regarding the sun-kissed land of health and recreation, and its larger groups and their utter neglect religiously history of conquest and adventure, the greatest should be of special interest, for here is an unfulsubject to engage one's attention is the treatment filled task of evangelism for which the Christian accorded the native Indian tribes, their persist- forces of the Church in the United States have a ence to this day in most adverse circumstances, primary responsibility. and their utter neglect and dire need of attention from the organized Christian forces of Europe The San BIas Indians live in settled villages and America. These backward aborigines have re- along the Caribbean coast and on an archipelago tained a mistrust and an aversion to strangers, of islands. They are short in stature, stocky and especially the Spanish, whom they have every industrious in their habits. The finest coconuts reason to regard as enemies. "Their feeling is not are grown by them and they are good fishermen. a reasoned one," states Dr. Pittier, who, as trav- It was the ancestors of these Indians who made eller, ethnologist and scientist, has established welcome the luckless Scotch colonizers who settled closest contacts with them. "It is the instinctive Caledonia harbor, 140 miles from Colon toward distrust of the savage for the unknown or inex- Colombia, some two hundred years ago, but after plicable, intensified in this particular case by the untold hardships and mishaps they abandoned the tradition of a long series of wrongs at the hands venture. In all these years that have elapsed the of the hated Spaniards." San BIas have clung to the traditions of friend- ship for the British and hatred for the Spanish. The Republic of Panama geographically is the bridge between the two continents of the western An evangelical missionary, Miss Anna Coope hemisphere. In area it is the size of the state of from England, labored among these Indians for a Indiana, or of New Hampshire and Vermont com- number of years and laid the foundations for a bined. The great inter-oceanic canal has now permanent work. Political opposition and legal made it the crossroads of the world. The history barriers prevented the continuance of this work of this narrow Isthmus, where the long mountain about seven years ,ago, but several promising range extending from far northern latitude to the young men of the tribe have received an education extremity of South America reaches its lowest in the United States and are ready to return to elevation, presents vivid contrasts of the primi- their own people as evangelists and teachers. The tive tribes in their aboriginal surroundings of Indian Mission of America, with headquarters in jungles and tropical forests. There they were iso- Philadelphia, desires to resume work for the San lated from all contacts until the sudden appear- BIas. ance of Europeans, the ruthless invasion of the territory of the Indians, brought about the extermination of many tribes and the retiring of other groups into the fastnesses never penetrated by white men even to this day. Columbus sought in

Of the same linguistic stock are several groups The Indians of Panama generally drink heavily, in the province of Darien, adjoining Colombia, and and the white man's rum is to some extent taking extending to the Pacific ocean. The resources of the place of the native brew of chica. Not all of this province are very rich in minerals and tim- the tribes indulge in tobacco, and in some sections ber, medicinal plants, and dye woods. The region the cigars are mere hollow rolls, the lighted ends is largely unmapped and unexplored. being held in the mouth.

The Chocos are one of the smaller and least A GROUP OF THE MOTILONES ,OF VENEZUELA known tribes of the Darien. Prof. Pittier wrote of them: "NeV'er in our twenty-five years of The republic of Colombia has an extensive Intropical experience have we met with such a sun- dian population, widely separated in tribes of loving, bright and trusting people, living nearest great divergence; but along its northern coast, to nature and ignoring the most elementary wiles adjoining the Caribbean, there are two divisions, of so-called civilization. Physically they are a fine the Goajiros, of Arawak stock, occupying the long and healthy race. The first thing the Chocos do in peninsula which projects on the borders of Venethe morning is to jump into the nearby river and zuela, and the Sierra Nevadas of the high mountheir ablutions are repeated several times in the tain regions, near the Santa Marta coast, .a tribe course of the day. They seem to be exclusively of Chivcha stock. monogamistic and both parents surround their children with tender care. They are very indus- Of the Indians of the peninsula about ten per trious. During the dry spells their life is out of cent speak Spanish, and thirty per cent underdoors, planting and watching their crops, hunting, stand it. Their country is dry cactus desert, with fishing and canoeing. When the heavy rains come hills extending toward Venezuela, where some they stay at home, weaving baskets of all kinds, 2,000 Cocinas or bandits dwell. My visit during making ropes and hammocks, carving dishes, mor- the past winter to this peninsula revealed the negtars, stools and other objects out of tree trunks." lected state of this tribe and the open door of opportunity for missionary effort. Their life is In Chiriqui Province, a day's voyage on a coast- almost as primitive and aboriginal as the Indians ing steamer from Panama City at Remedios, are whom Columbus and the Spanish conquistadores found the Zabanero Indians. They defeated the discovered. It is a sobering thought to find that Spanish and still hold their own territory back in they have been left through the long years in unthe Cordilleras. They are supposed to antedate relieved paganism and illiteracy. the Aztecs and the Mayas. The coastal Indians of Venezuela cannot be in- The second grouping of the tribes of Panama cluded in the purview of this article, except for a is the Guamies, extending toward the Republic brief allusion to two divisions. The Motilones, of Costa Rico in the provinces of Chiriqui and the name meaning "crop-haired," use the poi- Boco del Toro. Among the Valientes a mission of soned arrows and are hostile to commercial or the Wesleyan Methodists is firmly established, adventurous intrusion into their country. They having been started in 1917. These Indians num- have long been regarded as being very dangerous, ber about 8,000 and are located on the Caribbean and no efforts have been made to educate or evanside of the Isthmus. The United Fruit Company gelize them. However, during the past year the has banana and cocoa lands in this region. On peaceable visit of a missionary, Mr. John Duval the coast the mission has three churches and three Rice, was received in friendly spirit. Without fireday schools. Headquarters are maintained also in the mountain section, where a considerable num- arms, and in a kindly, tactful approach, this repber of these Indians were driven by the Mosquito Indians of Nicaragua. They have a language all resentative of the Church found that the illtheir own, into which the New Testament has reputed Motilones were without exception friendbeen translated by Rev. Ephraim Alphonse, who maintains a medical dispensary and acts as their spiritual leader. One of the teachers in the school is also a trained nurse.

In the valley of Mirando, which is high up in the Cordilleras, in a region cut off from the Plains, there are some 5,000 of the Guamies, the most primitive Panamanian natives outside of Darien. This beautifully forested country will be opened up by the new road being constructed from Panama City to David.

ly, unusually honest and generous. They live a open. Venezuela has recently excluded the Archmost primitive life, without houses or hammocks. bishop of the Roman Catholic Church and super- intendents representing mission boards from en- At the extreme northwestern corner of Vene- tering the country, but here also private evangelizuela there are Indians, grouped in the region of cal schools are recognized, and limited tolerance Maracaibo, where the oil interests have developed of freedom of worship prevails. Panama, with the large commercial activities. The story of neglect change of government effected December, 1930, and of debasing influences from contact with will be ushered into a new progressive era and greed and aggressions of white civilization is re- will afford protection for Protestant enterprises. peated here. The Scandinavian Alliance of the United States has established mission stations at There is no louder call or more legitimate claim a number of points around the Lake of Maracaibo. for an advance in Protestant mission effort than this made by the native tribes of the Caribbean. Concerning the opportunities for evangelical A Christian statesman has recently observed: missionary effort in the Republics of the Carib- "The world is paying attention to the great Conbean, it should be noted that Colombia has been tinent of the South as never before. We hope that least tolerant and that the Roman Catholic Church definite plans will be discussed and adopted whose has, until the elections of February, 1930, held sole and persistent aim will be to bring the truth almost undisputed power. But with the Liberal as it is in Jesus Christ to these millions of unvictory, and the hope of revision of existing re- evangelized Indians of South America." ligious legislation, a wider door of privilege will The Spirit of Home Missions I am the Spirit of Home Missions.

I was born in the heart of the lowly.

My ancestors were pioneers: My mother is the Church; My father is the spirit of righteous adventure.

In my early life I fought against ease and stagnation.

I blazed new trails in thought and endeavor; I slept in the great forests of the West; I drank from her running brooks; My footprints are seen everywhere.

I searched for stout hearts and found them: John Stewart, Jason Lee, McKendree, Brother Van, Forsyth.

I have increased courage in the hearts of men who dare.

I always keep "on the line of discovery."

I have welcomed the new-born babe in the frontier cabin; I walk the crowded city streets; I visit the sick; .

I preach the Gospel to the poor.

I gave the Negro my right hand and helped him up.

I welcome the immigrant And show kindness to the stranger in our land.

I help build your churches, Your schools, colleges, hospitals, homes; I help educate your youth and train your minister.

I live because I serve.

I am not a formal organization: Departments, bureaus, secretaries, treasurers; These are only my framework.

I am a spirit, Commissioned of God and blest by the lowly Nazarene; I must help mEm in heroic tasks- For humanity gnaws at my heart.

Therefore let me go to the needy places.

My spirit must live!

-EZRA Cox, in The Christian Advocate.

Ways of

'Tested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO ~=.~~~===============I~ THE CHALLENGE OF "THE heathen" no longer "raging so most potent factor in the solu- furiously together" as they rage tion of all problems, at home and CHANGING ORDER" against Christians for our re- abroad, that the world has ever ligious inconsistencies and our known, and that the leadership By Mrs. Estella S. Aitchison overgrown Nordic bumptious- of Jesus Christ is still mankind's ness-these are among the fea- paramount need. "We are immersed in the at- tures that face us as we sweep mosphere of change and dedi- the horizon. The fault is not with the cated to the proposition that Gospel but with ourselves. We growth is the essence of the Grave difficulties also confront may well echo Walter Rauschen- Christian scheme . . . . No one us at home. Our young people, busch's dictum: "It rests with us can chart the roads we shall fol- who have hobnobbed at college to say if we are now to enter low; the destination may be un- with Chinese, Hindus, Japanese, upon a new era in the transforcertain; but once more with staff Filippinos-a n d incidentally mation of the world into the in hand we are on our way." have been hard-pressed to keep Kingdom of God, or if our civili- pace with them-are naturally zation is destined to go down to -Rev. D. J. Evans skeptical about their responsi- the graveyard of dead civiliza- bility towards civilizations old, tions and God will have to try "The changing world which we cultural and rich. They do not again". are facing demands a changing realize, alas! that these nonattitude" . Christian people are still blindly Readjustments are often as groping for soul-liberty and painful as major surgery-and -Edward A. Steiner light. The writer recently saw nearly the whole of a Y. M. C. A. as necessary. Since world con- "When he, the Spirit of Truth, district conference vote "thumbs ditions have never been satisis come, he will guide you into down on Foreign Missions". factory and the principles of all truth". Jesus have not yet been given a Recent shifts in the basic idea fair trial, is not change (of a -Jesus Christ of the universe have not been certain sort) our only hope for without effect on students. When betterment? The blue-prints In this challenging greeting the Law of Gravitation is dis- and specifications of yesterday's your incoming editor of these carded and the North Star of methods may fall short of struc- "Effective Ways of Working" force-and-matter skids from its tural needs today. They are due asks readers to accept her as a course, many students hastily for a thorough overhauling. But comrade on the pilgrimage in infer that former religious and the fundamental plan of the quest of a Better Order. World- missionary sanctions are des- Master Builder is without a flaw. changes are rendering obsolete tined for the scrap heap. . many of our time-honored modes To this end your "Effective of missionary activity. The solu- It is true' that some old mo- Ways of W 0 r kin g" editor tions of the problems with which tivations for missions no longer prayerfully dedicates her space every mission field bristles are move the rank and file of the to the exploiting of programs yet in the making, and the need Church. The mainspring of and plans forged in the experifor constructive Christian think- benevolence has grown weaker, ence of successful workers. The ing is increasingly imperative; so that the missionary speaker talismanic password of the dethe writer therefore summons is often hard-pressed for a hand- par t men t is not "Why?" all good scouts to come forward, hold on the purse strings of his "What?" or "How?" but "Tested "staff in hand," to do their bit audience. But none of these Usag.e". Outstanding workers of exploring and experimenting. things need move us from our of various denominations have purposeful endeavor, if we can already pledged their help. If Our "field" is still "the world," sincerely dedicate ourselves to you have either programs or debut the field-glass has changed the service of world-humanity' vices that have motivated more into a kaleidoscope. Cyclonic because of our conviction that intelligent interest and giving in social changes at home; great the body of ideals incorporated any department of missionary tidal waves of rampant national- in Christianity constitutes the ism abroad; the leaders of a vast endeavor, send them along! people of 150,000,000 souls defi- [41 ] nitely committed to a propa- -E. S. A. ganda of atheism intended to undermine all religions, and "the

A Symposium for Program- January meeting passed out Y-oung people given Christian Makers daintily decorated cardboard training; bells, each bearing a letter of the There is no denying the im- inscription, "Happy New Year," E-ducation through mission- and an article attached to its ary reading; petus of fresh beginnings. Rid- back. The recipients came for- ward in proper rotation and A-ttendance and program icule notwithstanding, why not carried out the instructions. maintained at high standard; capitalize the current date and H called for the devotional R-ealization of these goals service from a Japanese key- t h r 0 ugh tireless, prayerful, crystallize its value in a set of note; united effort. activ.ated New Year's resolu- A was a poem-"Song of the Wheel", from Assam; The bells were suspended in tions calculated to make pro- rotation across the platform. P read a letter from a mis- Writing materials were passed gram-building more effective? sionary in India; and for the roll call each woman was asked to write her mission- The following points for a syn- P read a short article on the ary New Year's resolution. The work of an African missionary; slips were then collected, mixed thetic "resolution" have proved up and passed out again to be Y offered the prayer; read aloud, anonymously. The their worth in many churches in service closed with the singing N gave experiences of a mis- of "We Have Come to the End all departments of missionary of Another Year", set to the sionary family in China; tune of "A Perfect Day". endeavor: E read a brief article on work 3. Conserve Calendar Values 1. Be Systematic. During 20 in Russia; in Membership Recruiting. This W reported recent Philippine years' service as a methods sec- is most effectively done in Janu- news; ary, at the autumn rally, or at retary, the writer's mail has the opening of the fiscal year of Y sang a song-"Joy Bells"; the organization. The best way been flooded with requests for to enlist new members is to go E read the description of work after them. At a district meetmaterial recently exploited in a among American Indians; ing of the Methodist Woman's Home Mission Society, at Lakemagazine but which, alas! the A talked on social center side, Ohio, a number of tested work; recruiting methods were deinquirers had allowed to go the scribed. In one church, three R read a closing poem. women go at regular intervals to way of waste papers. If your the church office, make an alpha- Each successive participant betical list of all women in the new "Effective Ways of Work- hung her bell on a wire at the congregation not members of the front to form the missionary woman's society and assign the ing" editor is to be of maximum greeting of the day. names to the circle leaders in whose districts they live. Each service to readers, she would At the January meeting of the leader proceeds to distribute First Baptist Church, Warsaw, these names among her group of earnestly recommend Indiana, an acrostic incorpo- workers for intensive cultiva- rated the same initials, each tion. Those not successful in (a) Well indexed letter files letter being on a bell painted in landing their recruits return the silver on a red background. The names to their circle leaders and in which materials for all occa- letters represented a goal for the fresh assignments are made. sions are laid away ready to opening year in three-minute The largest returns were in- talks given by each recipient. variably found to be where the hand. most determined efforts had H-elpfulness in some line of been put forth. (b) Scrap books that are Christian service; . In another church, on one day neither methods "crazy quilts" A-Iways faithful in the serv- of each month there was ob- ices of the church; tained from the church secretary nor literary "hash" but are a list of all new people who had P-rayer for the work of the appeared in the congregation, classified repositories of real Kingdom; and assignments of responsi- bility were made as above. Retreasure-troves for program- P-articipation by systematic cipients of names phoned, called giving; and wrote notes giving urgent makers. invitations to the luncheon at the Y-ielding ourselves whole- (c) A series of pasteboard heartedly to Christ's service; boxes, duly labeled and listed, in N-umber of women enlisted in group Bible study increased; which are preserved not only E-vangelism majored in all clippings but bulky cut-outs, our work; year books from other organiza- W-iIlingness to perform as- tions, and source-material. signed tasks; (d) Note books to corral thoughts and suggestions from hither and yon.

(e) Card indexes and filing jackets, which are just as ef- fective in the King's Business as in the commercial world.

2. Be Timely. As stimulating to the mind as salad "greens" to the palate in spring is the pro- gram that just fits its calendar setting. If not available for thIS month, file the ensuing plans away for next year. .

A Bell Program for January In the woman's society of the First Baptist Church, Muskegon, Michigan, the leader of the

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

next meeting of the society. The resented, and who has made a As the study progresses, an evewoman extending the invitation agreed to meet or call for her study of the people of that land ning is designated to each of the guest and act as her hostess at table. The effort must be fol- and of the missionary stations in eight groups on which to make lowed up in various ways to be 100 per cent successful. it, is prepared to explain its ex-· their report to the church, each Some women reported carry- hibits and to present its mission- in its own way with blackboards, ing large yellow stars in their handbags when out calling. ary aspects and needs. The maps and charts. One may pre- They inscribed on a point of the star the name of each new material necessary for the ex- sent it in dramatic fashion in woman they discovered and handed in the stars when thus hibit may be obtained from the the form of a meeting of the filled. For this they received some token of recognition from mission boards or from world board which it represents, and the society. travelers in the congregation or arguments pass to and fro 4. Resolve That the Best Is None Too Good for a Missionary neighborhood. The making of across the table. Missionaries Meeting. Work over missionary programs as hard as you would the models is a fine hand work may appear to plead their work for a club or for a "pay" entertainment; then the day is project for church school classes. causes. The varied claims of difdue to come when the sign, "Standing Room Only" will An automatic stereopticon in the ferent features of the work are greet all late comers to a missionary s e r vic e. "Faithful assembly room may display pic- disclosed-for example in the Traditionalists" take notice! tures of the missionary fields. case of missions, the evangel- A PASTOR'S METHODS After a supper, where the pur- istic, educational and medical. By Robert A. Ashworth, D. D., Editor of The Baptist pose and procedure of the eve- Another group may present an The trouble with the average ning are explained, the people original play incorporating the church, missionwise, is that the best members are so busy with visit the various rooms in lessons which it wishes to teach. their personal tasks that they have little time or energy to give groups. As each group appears, If a secretary of a board that is to real study of the missionary enterprise. It is a truism that the teacher explains the contents being considered can be present interest grows out of knowledge. It is the pastor's job somehow to of the room and the missionary to answer questions it is very arrest the attention of his thoughtful people for a suf- task and the opportunities in the desirable. The adequacy of the ficiently long period for them to look on all sides of the mission- country represented. presentations will differ with ary task. A more effective method is an the genius of the group, but you One of the methods which I have found fruitful is a mis- intensive study of the denomina- may depend upon it that, as a sionary exhibit. Each missionary country in which the church tional budget. Who determines result of this method, there will is at work is assigned a church school class room. On the walls it? "What justification is there be some who will have solved and tables are arranged curios, clothing, books, maps, pictures, for it? Where does our money the enigma of the budgets and models of missionary buildings -everything which can serve to go and why? will understand the difficulties make graphic the people and religions and work in the coun- Choose wisely a large group and the significance of the tasks tries to which the respective of men and women-fifty is not which they have assigned to rooms are devoted. too many if they can be secured. their denominational leaders.

Where possible a teacher clad Their officers divide them into "The Challenge of Change" in the costume of the land rep- committees, assigning to each a in America study of the budget of one de- nominational board. In our own A dramatic program based on case these are eight in number- the Home Mission Study Book- Foreign Missions, General and 'Vornen's; Home Missions, Gen- I. "Already we have 'a new eral and Women's; Publication earth,' but we cannot yet add, Society; Board of Education; 'wherein dwells righteousness.' "

Min i s t e r s and Missionaries Setting: Tea party with young Benefit Board; Board of Mis- women of yesterday, costumed sionary Coo per a t ion. Each as guests of the young women of group meets as often as neces- today. If desired, those on pro- sary to make their study of the gram may sit about a tea table subject assigned. It is extraor- and introduce the simple dia- dinary how a study of the logue and action of women tak- budget will open up every phase ing tea together, as they speak of the work. Much romance on the topics.

lurks in a budget. Questions are Program: 1. What We Were raised; doubts and criticisms, Thinking When I Was a Girl perhaps, are suggested; the diffi- (pp. 8-16). Emphasizes the con- culties and handicaps of the task trast between the conformity are revealed. Material is found and traditionalism of early days in the annual reports and de- and spirit of inquiry today. nominational year books. Sec- 2. How We Were Living When retaries are pleased to aid in. I Was a Girl (pp. 16-20). Em- such a project, either by corre- phasizes the material. contrasts spondence or personally. Spe- between the two periods.

cial investigations are assigned. 3. The Wealth of America

Today (pp. 20-27). "God and of our community lack the Church-Prophecies; (3) My the Census" (p. 126). ministry of the Church? Church. Divide those present 4. The Power of America To- III. "Good Samaritan Tales." into two groups, each with a day (pp. 27-32). . Setting: Picture of "The Good leader, for the discussion of such topics as "How can we vitalize 5. Devotional Period: Dia- Samaritan" visible to the audi- for Christ our membership logue taken from Rauschen- ence during the meeting. roll ?" busch's Parable (pp. 33, 34). Poster: "Two Sketches"-l. Discu..ssion: What would be an (If tea-party setting is used, The Good Samaritan, 30 A. D., ideal program of missionary the leader calls in, as a surprise binding up traveler's wounds. education in our church? Does feature, the Spirits of First and 2. Home Missions, as Good my church use the "cookie- Last Centuries, and lets their Samaritan, binding up society's cutter" method in religious edudialogue introduce the devo- wounds. cation? tional features of the service.) Topics: Modern Good Samari- VI. My Share in America's To- Theme: "Not by might nor by tan in guise of Home Missions morrow." power, but by my Spirit" (pp. introduces the various Samari- tans, personified, as mentioned Setting: A globe, illumined by 3-8; 32-35). in the text. an overhead light. Scripture: Gal. 5 :13-25. Hymns: "Lead on, 0 King Discussion Topics: Is my Poster: ~'Religion Is Caught- church training young people to Not Taught." Let the words, "I Eternal" ; "0 Beautiful, My help supply "adequate church am the Light of the World," Country". leadership?" Does my church have rays of light illuminating have responsibility tow a r d s an American woman. Let rays Prayer: That America may underprivileged groups in the of light emanating from the become more truly a nation community? woman make a pictured globe whose God is the Lord; that missionary wisdom and devotion may be increased; that material change may challenge us to new IV. "From Many, One." bright. spiritual victories. Setting: On table under an Topics: High lights of the Poster Suggestion: "Times arch of Christian Fellowship, chapter should be interspersed Change"-Young w 0 man in display dolls dressed in costumes with very practical discussion modern dress extending her of different lands. que s t ion s assigned to good hand of greeting to a woman in Poster: "From Diversity to speakers. an old-fashioned gown. Unity"-a heap of tangled Discussion: Why do so many Questions for Discussion: Has threads; a woven mat. of our causes fail to secure funds the Church adjusted itself to the Topics: (1) Impersonations necessary for maintenance or needs of changed America? Is by Mrs. Ruth Muskrat Bronson enlargement? Why is the new the Twentieth Century growing (H. M. Congress Report, pp. 45- generation so largely un-won to in its appreciation of moral 50); (2) The West Indies (Re- the world mission of Chrisvalues? Is it true that Amer- port, pp. 42, 43) ; (3) The Spirit tianity? ican society is organized to "pro- of D i v e r sit y-"Competitive duce things rather than people, Drift," (pp. 120-123) ; all talks Note. The foregoing outlines, furnished by Claire Goodsill Chandler of Galesburg, Illinois, with out-put set up as a god?" should be interspersed with re- and here condensed to conserve space, may be expanded similarly to the first program, for (If tea-party dialogue is developed, this discussion may be plies by The Spirit of Unity use in any adult group of the local church. using the subject matter from Materials can be furnished by the various de- nominational Literature Bureaus, and supple- worked into a dialogue.) same texts. mented ably by articles in THE REVIEW from month to month. II. "What Is Happening to Discussion Topics: Are there Home Missions"-a question too many churches in my com- munity? If so, which ones THE WORLD'S RELIGIONS and answer meeting. should be absorbed? What The approximate numerical stand- Setting: Box containing num- agencies can help the Church in ings of the organized religions .of the bered questions with ribbons at- its problem of moral and tached, to be drawn from the world, according to recent statistics, spiritual leadership ? ("God and is as follows: the Census," chapter 4.) box in turn by those prepared to Roman Catholics. . . . . . .. 310,000,000 answer. Orthodox Catholics …. 120,000,000 Poster: "Questions and An- V. The Church-"Portraits and Protestants . . . . . . . . . . .. 200,000,000 swers"-a box from which issue Prophecies." Total Christians …. . 630,000,000 Jews …………….. . 15,000,000 the questions-What? When? Setting: Picture of the local church, perhaps with the Amer- Mohammedans …….. . 240,000,000 Where? How? Why? ican and Christian flags on Buddhists ………… . 130,000,000 Topics: Questions whose an- either side. Hindus …………… . 230,000,000 swers will cover the high lights of the chapter. Poster: "My Portrait-Would Confucianists, Taoists .. . 350,000,000 Discussion Topics: How do You Change It?" The picture Shintoists ………… . 35,000,000 of the local church. Animists …………. . 135,000,000 the churches of our community Miscellaneous ……… . 60,000,000 recognize the social implications Topics: (1) Today's Church- of Christianity? Does any part Port r a its; (2) Tomorrow's Total non-Christians .. 1,195,000,000 W omen"s Home and Foreign Bulletin HELEN M. BRICKMAN, 105 EAST FORTy-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK; COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS FLORENCE G. TYLER, 419 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK; FEDERATION OF WOMAN'S BOARDS OF FOREIGN MISSIONS OF NORTH AMERICA A WAY AND A DAY One laddie, venturing nearer she heard the class repeating By Bessie Farrar Madsen than the others, greeted us with aloud! Did not Jairam help her such a friendly smile that we secretly! As much as he knows It was a rough road that lay held out to him a picture paper she knows also. She is different; between our village and the town saying, "Come see, here is the she is the only girl in the town that was seven miles away. It shadow of a little lad like your- who wants to read." led through thick tall jungles self." "Yes, all of us go to school, over the ups and downs of a hilly but the school books we know by country, and there were ruts and heart. Have we not read them rocks and stumps and stones in for two years? We passed but the frequent detours that were we did not go into higher necessary to avoid the washouts. classes; there were no books.

Sometimes there were rustlings Ah ! Where is the bookshop?

in the underbrush that induced Does not the school master have watchfulness. Nevertheless, we to send for them from afar?

found it a beautiful way. When oil and salt cost so much It was called a town, this place who has rupees to send for toward which we journeyed. It A READING CIRCLE IN INDIA books? Alas, how many couries was the capitol of the Zemindari, only one book costs."

and the Rajah held his court He looked at the picture with "My father used to read, but here. Here was also his palace, the Hindi script beneath it, then he has forgotten." "Mine too. a post office and police headquar- with a quick appraising glance When we stop going to school, in ters. It is true that there were into our eyes he turned, saying, a few years the learning leaves said to be only about two hun- "Wait, your honor, I go to call us. Reading nothing we forget." dred homes, huts built of mud, my sister," and running off he But Jairam had found a story with their walled-in courtyards, called to the other children, "Do among the books; he was readbut it was an important place in not fear; she is friendly; she ing it aloud. Forgetting every- body he read on and on and on, the district. Thinking that there has papers with shadows." must also be a school here, we The children drew nearer. Al- while the group nearest him inhad slipped into the tonga a box most immediately the little run- tent as himself, listened to every of books and papers. Who away returned with his sister, a word. knows but there may be an op- sweet shy child of about nine. Others were saying, "Let me portunity, though we are going "She also reads," he announced read." "Find me a story."

today chiefly to present our with pride. The children called "Please tell us what this is salaams to the Rajah's house- him J airam. He was evidently about." It seemed that we had hold; for we had recently come a leader among them. Many had but just begun, when there was to the neighborhood and this was gathered by this time and such a call from the bullock driver.

our first visit to the town. an audience! They proved to be Might he remind us that the sun The old bullocks took the road eager for stories, quick WIth was setting and they were say- at their own sweet will, creeping questions, ready with bright bits ing in the village that a tiger like snails up the hills and com- of information about the town had been seen on the road lately. ing down again with their and the new palace, about each "Yes, we are coming Garshakey, bumpy trot. Though we other and the school. riwan. Listen children, we must had started at sunrise it was "Yes, there is a boy's school in go now. The way is long and nearing noon when we reached the town. For many years it the bullocks are slow. See, the the travelers' bungalow at the has been here. We read as high picture papers are our gifts to center of the town. A group of as the fourth reader. Oh no, you. The books you may have children had gathered when we there is no girl's school. If there too for your own, but you must stepped from the tonga. They were, who would send girls to give one pice (a halfpenny) each stood at a little distance watch- school? How did Jairam's sister for them. So will you treasure ing, curious, and half afraid. It learn? Did she not sit in the them the more. Would you like was seldom that white travelers shadow of the schoolhouse wall to have them to read to your came. and say over and over the lessons fathers and mothers?"

[45 ] "This is mine," said J airam, of gods and goddesses. India is It is a place of tragedy. Time untying the knot in his waist- rich in her folklore. after time the call comes to band where his treasures were If her learned ones would Eaton, the town just across the kept and taking out the one pice gather the best of these and railroad track, "Come quickly! he possessed. write them in simple language Another girl has attempted "And this is mine," said an- for the villagers, they could all suicide!" Sometimes the doctor other, taking the hoarded treas- share in the beautiful things of gets there quickly enoughure from the little bag that hung their own legend and history. If sometimes not, for lysol acts around his neck. Others appealed someone would write accounts of speedily. Murder is not uncomto fathers or big brothers who the faithful friendships and mon in the colony. The bootby this time formed part of the noble heroisms that are being legger thrives. Children pilfer large audience. lived every day by some of these coal from nearby yards that it Soon there were no books left lowcastes and outcastes, there may be sold to the beet workers and yet some there were with would develop for them through- at ten cents a sack. Then with empty hands whose disappoint- out the country more of con- illgotten gains there are tickets ment we appeased by promising sideration and respect. If those for the "show" and candy and again and again to return bring- who have learned from the Great cigarettes. Marij uana brings ing more. We started home- Guru would write such stories moments of forgetfulness to the ward at dusk. Jairam with his of the loving kindness of the sodden weary worker, but it also little sister followed the tonga. Heavenly Father as He Himself brings wretchedness and re- We stopped. "You will not be told, the paralyzing fears that morse in its train.

following far," we admonished, haunt the village life of India The Mexican loves his chil- "it will be growing dark." would be driven out in time by dren, but under the influence of Then the little girl spoke. She thoughts of love and hope. this drug of the Indian hemp was away from the crowd now; If those who have means family even this basal love is she was no longer shy. Lifting would offer to print such stories forgotten. Just a few weeks ago her brown eyes, she said ear- in attractive form and in the the worker, a visiting teacher, nestly, "Doing us a great kind- good clear scripts of the prov- sent into the field by the Council ness you have come to our town. inces and enable them to be put of Women for Home Missions, Many strangers have come, but on the market for far less than was met with the announcement, you only have brought us books. the cost of printing so that the "We have of the nifios in our Till you come again we will re- poorest could buy, then these houses." The teacher investimain watching. Salaam." little ones could find food and re- gated. As usual neither doctor "God bless you children, freshment and have a better nor nurse had assisted the ad- chance to "grow in wisdom and vent of the newcomer. Baths Salaam. Salaam." Shall we ever forget those two in stature and in favor with God and care were an immediate and man." necessity. For two days she who followed the tonga out of served. The third she gave the the town to thank us for bring- The Christian Literature So- grandmother directions and left ing books? In our thoughts they ciety of India is working nobly the care of patient and child to stand for the thousands of little at this problem. It was this that her. The fourth day as she folks in the villages all over the enabled us to sell the stories for entered, the older child again land who have learned in the so small a sum, but the need is met her, breathless with excitevillage schools. Leading their great and funds so limited! All ment. "You will have of the cattle to pasture or following the who have lived among the vil- quickness to come. The baby it plough, they are thirsty for lages in India realize this need, is deaded!" Shivering with apstories, hungry for books. If, and are doing what they can. prehension lest the baths be perchance, in the weekly bazaar Still the little ones are longing blamed, the teacher entered the some traveling merchant has for books in every village where cabin. It was dead! The grandbooks among his wares they are there has been a school. mother, crazed by smoking the books for learned pundits, not BEETS AND BABIES vicious drug had been irritated for the humble tiller of the soil by the cry of the child and had and his sons. Yet these villagers By Adela J. Ballard dashed the tiny bundle to the are not wholly without resource, floor with such force that the for when the day's work is done In Ragtown, Colorado, the child died of internal inj uries and the household sits about the beet colony houses provide during the night. A neighbor smoldering fire in the courtyard, homes for some three hundred reported these circumstances to they tell over and over the souls. Not always the same the teacher. Apparently no one stories they have learned and . three hundred, for there is a paid any attention to the grandthose that have been handed constant shift in the population, mother's crazed and remorseful down for hundreds of years but always some of the families ravings. from father to son-stories of have a shadow of a right to claim birds and animals, of ghosts and to have a permanent residence Some spasmodic attempts had demons, of kings and councilors, in the town. been made to create a better en-

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

vironment in this and neighbor- antagonistic. Purposely there to layout the aged granding colonies. A few faithful was no com m u nit y center mother; once it was a request to souls in the town of Eaton have opened. No Mexican will let any the teacher to sell a pair of emalways been the friends of the other human being freeze while broidered pillow slips that the beet worker. The school had at- he has a shack and a few coals wife might raise money to get tempted to have more regular of fire. So the doors were opened the husband out of jail. Somea t ten dan c e. A doctor had to the teacher. Soon changes times it is the struggle to perstruggled with the ignorance began to be noted in the colony suade a mother that onions will and superstition. But there the thinking. not absorb the poison from an inhabitants believed that most abscessed jaw or that "witching" illness came from "evil eye" Lessons were easier after an cannot possibly cause illness. spells and the rest was "air evening spent with the teacher. borne." To enforce sanitary Mothers found she could teach After six months of service all them how to say the troublesome agencies insisted the work must laws was difficult. English words. If a doctor left go on. Most emphatic has been the verdict of the school officials: In September of 1930 it was A TYPICAL "BEET FAMILY" "Never before have we had such decided to make one last attempt regular attendance from the to change conditions. At a meet- an order she could explain and East Side children, or so little ing of the Eaton Luncheon Club, demonstrate how it should be trouble with them. Ragtown is a business men's group, the carried out. The teacher's state- not hopeless ! We must go on." Western Supervisor of Migrant ment, "You do not have to wait As for Ragtown-their approval Work for the Council of Women until you are eight to go to is embarassingly wholehearted, for Home Missions suggested school; I can get you in for the for even a visiting teacher, howthe employment of a visiting good times right now," made ever earnest and friendly, cannot teacher for the period of one school sound like a privilege to accomplish all needful reforms, year-the Council to be re- strive for instead of a punish- but the towns on both sides of sponsible for salary and the com- ment to be evaded. Six-year- the track are working together munity for the expense account. olds began to be seen in the that more of the fullness of life This was decided upon and a school yard instead of in the may come to those who serve the committee appointed to serve in alleys of Ragtown. Not half so economic needs of the comadvisory capacity. This com- much coal was stolen or mischief munity. mittee had in its personnel rep- complained of after the clubs resentatives from the educa- were formed and the tiny two- SUGGESTIONS FOR tional, health, church, medical room cabin fitted up with a stove and club agencies. An executive and chairs. It was too much fun ADAPTING WORLD DAY OF of the Great Western Sugar cooking and playing games and Company was appointed chair- having dramatics. PRAYER PROGRAM man. The distrust died a natural For Senior or Intermediate death long ago. When the Groups Miss Velma McDowell of teacher's car enters the alleys of Greeley was appointed worker. the town the main difficulty is Use the program, "Hold Fast She was just completing her to proceed for each running in Prayer" and consider it as work for her Master's Degree at board sags with children; there six special calls to you. Greeley Teacher's College. A are calls from cabins. The re": major in sociology and a teach- quests are various and startling; Call to Worship (Sections ing experience in a mining com- it may be the bathing of a new 1-3) red; Call to Prayer (secmunity where the workers were born baby, or it may be a request tion 4) orange; Call to Gratilargely foreign speaking, made tude (section 5) yellow; Call her peculiarly fitted for this to Service (sections 8, 9) green; Call to Intelligence work. (sections 6, 7, 10, 11, 13) blue; Call to Responsibility (sec- Colorado laws demand that tions 12, 14-20) violet. children be in school by their eighth year. With the Mexican Six leaders may sit on the beet migrant the two years be- stage with a scarf or costume of tween six and eight are many one of the primary colors, each times the child's only hope of person leading that section of education; after that age the the program. Take your printed child is a financial asset to the leaflet, "Hold Fast in Prayer," parent and the laws are evaded number from 1 to 21 the sections only too successfully. Only given in bold type headings, as friendly persuasion was pos- Organ Music, Call to Worship, sible. The first weeks did little Hymn, Responsive Reading, etc. except form friendly contacts. Then follow these section num- The bootleggers distrusted; the bers as indicated above for the houses of ill fame were openly six leaders.

Let one person tell or read the And pray that other hearts tional University at Peking. story, "The Two Searchers," may pray. Today he occupies a prominent from Mar gar e t Eggleston's -Annie Johnson Flint. place in government counsels book, "Fireside Stories for Girls and in foreign affairs, including in Their 'Teens." A second per- * * >I< the League of Nations.

son follows, stating that others Sometimes we have the im- His father, a Christian pastor have taken up Peter's work and pression that our own country in the primitive village of Poa-a, introducing speakers who give has all the virtue of the world. was supported in his work by spotlights of work accomplished Therefore, it is very well at such the Reformed Church in Amerin the countries of sections 7, 10, a time as this to emphasize the ica through the Amoy mission. 11 and 13. These speakers could contributions of other races and He had six sons, of whom three impersonate native people in cos- peoples. Let striking personali- have been or are university protume. fessors and one is today an in- ties from various lands be pre- ternational influence. *** sented as contributing to the Christian mosaic of the world. Three strands of rope or crepe paper crushed in cord style may This could be connected with the So has the Christian missionbe shown by three persons. closing hymn and prayer in the ary stimulated the intellectual They explain that one is Prayer, leaflet, "Hold Fast in Prayer." life of China. The modernist movement in that land of 400,- the second Money, and the third By Mrs. F. A. Phillips 000,000 souls is a reflex of the Service. A fourth person comes and braids them, reciting the AMOY DECLARES A HUMAN missionary impulse. But by no means have all the minds opened following poem: DIVIDEND thus to Western culture followed Pray-Give-Go The tall American found him- through with Christian training, self under intense scrutiny from and the ultimate trend of Three things the Master hath the young Chinese seated op- China's new life is unpredictable to do posite at a recent Century Club today. dinner to the Commission of the And we who serve Him here League of Nations for study of China at this stage is a chal- below, educational conditions in China. lenge of the most inspiring sort to the faith and fighting spirit And long to see His kingdom Finally-"G 0 0 d eve n i n g. of Christianity-a challenge and come Don't you know me?" said his a priceless opportunity. vis-a-vis. May pray or give or go.

He needs them all-the open hand, "Your face-yes, but I can't A MISSIONARY PRAYER The willing feet, the praying attach the name. Just give my heart. memory a lift won't you please?" I go among unloving hearts: To work together and to replied the tall American. The Lord, go Thou with me there weave And let me breathe Thy love alway, A three-fold cord that shall response was a greeting in Just as I breathe the air. Amoy Chinese. not part. Let each day's hard and thankless task "Oh, now I have you. I knew Nor shall the giver count his your father well twenty-five Be temple-work for Thee, gift years ago," said the American. And every meal communion "Which one of his sons are you And a feast of love to me. As greater than the worker's and what in the world are you deed, May I through all the noisy streets Nor he in turn his service 'doing in New York?" In Thine own peace rejoice, boast "Lecturing at Columbia and And hear above the noise and strife Above the prayers that voice special research work," was the Thy Spirit's still small voice.

the need. reply in Harvard English. "I'm So shall Thy glowing love be lived the fifth son." Ev'n in the common place; Not all can go: not all can And hearts unloving feel the throb give, By this chance reunion Dr. Of Thy rich, seeking grace. Warnshuis picked up the threads To speed the message on its of a life that was in its early -WORLD COMRADES. way. childhood when he left Amoy. Its subsequent record has been THE WILL But young or old, or rich or a brilliant one. First prepar- poor, atory work in the missionary Lord, knowledge is not all I need; high school at Amoy, next a Nor yet a mind intent on truth; Or strong, or weak, we all can course at St. John's University, But strength within to do the deed- pray. The will! the will!

Pray that the gold filled hands may give, Shanghai, then post graduate For often when I know the way, And truth before my eyes is clear, To arm the others for the work at Harvard, and finally, Ashamed I reach the close of day. fray; two years at Leipzig, where he Give me the will. earned his doctor's degree. He That those who hear the call may go, became a professor in the Na- -F. J. MOORE. Peace Through Religion ican children to Filipino children of Nations, that small section of last year. As a result of this Africa is now in line for the The gen~ral unsettlement of project thousands of Filipino overthrow of slavery. economic and political conditions children are looking toward the has caused drastic changes in United States with the light of Among recent revelations is the plans of the American com- friendship in their eyes. the active Arab slave trade from mittee for holding the World Abyssinia into Arabia. A Ger- Conference for International According to the Committee man traveler confirms the report Peace Through Religion, ar- on World Friendship Among that slaves are still "conveyed in ranged for Washington, D. C., in Children, the results are fully large caravan parties and em- November, 1932. Dr. Henry A. as gratifying as those secured by barked secretly on ships for sale Atkinson, general secretary, an- the friendship projects to Japan in Arabia." It is estimated that nounces that this conference is in 1926-27 and to Mexico in 2,000 men and women are sold to be distinctly American. Co- 1928.. Practically every class in every year and that hundreds of operative committees have been every public school received one slaves, especially women, are organized in nearly all large of the 28,000 chests, which the smuggled yearly and sold on the countries. In the Far East the teacher is to keep on her desk eastern side of the Red Sea. movement has made rapid for school papers, while the strides, especially in Japan. 750,000 separate articles in the Active leadership in the anti- chests were distributed to the slavery campaign is found in Dr. Atkinson states that ar- children. England, where for many years rangements have been made for the Anti-Slavery and Aborigines a great mass meeting, represent- Arrangements have been made Protection Society has kept ing nearly all the world reli- for cooperation with Colonel watch of the rights and interests gions, to be held in Geneva in Roosevelt's Porto Rico Child- of native populations in all parts February on the eve of the Feeding Com mit tee during of the world. Disarmament Conference, and March, April and May. Friendchurches throughout the world ship Treasure Chests were the Broadcast to Missionaries will be asked to hold interde- goodwill symbol. Each chest connominational services during the tained articles for school use, Broadcasting station KDKA of winter and send disarmament toys for boys and girls, friend- Pittsburgh is giving the leaders pleas to Geneva. ship letters, and in addition a of the Presbyterian Church, card indicating how many hot U.S.A., an opportunity to broad- The six joint presidents of the lunches were provided by the cast a monthly message to their movement are: Dr. S. Parkes sending group at five cents a missionaries in foreign lands. Cadman, representing American lunch. The time set is each third Satur- Protestants; Dr. Alfred Ein- day evening of the month-up to stein, representing the Jewish Slavery Still Exists March-ll :15 eastern time. The group; Msgr. Ignaz Seipel, min- Presbyterian Church is at work ister of foreign affairs of Aus- Few realize to what an appall- in more fields than any other tria, representing the Catholic ing extent this evil still curses church in the world. group; the Lord Bishop of Liv- the race. It is estimated that erpool, representing the Angli- there are today about 5,000,000 Christian Work for Asiatic cans; Dr. Rabindranath Tagore, slaves in various lands. Disclos- Farmers representing the sects of India; ure of frightful conditions in and Baron Sakatani, member of Liberia last December resulted The visit of Dr. Kenyon L. in the American Secretary of Butterfield to Japan, Korea, the Japanese House of Peers, State informing the Liberian China and the Philippine Islands government that unless the has been most timely. In these representing the Japanese reli- "shocking suppression of na- countries interest in rural work tives" which is "scarcely distin- has greatly increased in recent gions. guishable from slave raiding and years. In Korea, where special slave trading" be abolished, the classes for farmers are being World Friendship Through "friendly feeling which the organized, Dr. Butterfield con- Children American government and peo.,. ferred with the leaders and shared in the training confer- "A half – million sun – tanned pIe have entertained for Libe- ences. The Kingdom of God Movement in Japan and the little faces were wreathed in ria" will be alienated. With Five-Year Movement in China smiles by the presents which added pressure from the League came forth from the 28,000 Friendship Chests" from Amer- [49] both lay much emphasis on ef- fession days in the Sunday gregations worshipping in halls forts to reach the country peo- school. and missions. There are about ple. In the vicinity of Paoting- c. By observing the "Home 400,000 Jews with a religious fu, where the Mass Education Vis ita t ion Evangelism" life highly developed.

Movement under the leadership plan. Continuation in Home Missions of Dr. James Yen and the Liter- d. By holding special evanary Movement of the Churches "There has never been a time have centered their experimen- gelistic m e e tin g s 0 r when the nation needed the intal work, the results achieved preaching missions. spiration and guidance of a comare so successful that people in pelling religious faith more than all parts of China are beginning 3. Conserving Evangelical Re- in the present hour; never a to imitate the methods adopted sults. time when America was in there. Mr. Hubbard, the Ameri- a. By organizing and con- greater need of that spiritual can Board missionary in Pao- ducting a class, one night quality which the churches can, ting-fu, reports that in five each week for a period of if they will, contribute to the life years 29,999 persons have been six weeks, composed of of the nation. enrolled in reading classes, over new members. 7,000 have obtained a diploma of b. By following the members "If, however, the church is to literacy. The church member- who move. be the moral guide of all the ship shows a net increase of 70 c. By integrating the new people, then the various commu- membership into the active nions must heal their divisions, per cent. life of the Church. combine their resources and During the first half of Janu- d. By participation in weekly unite their forces in a construc- giving. tive, cooperative effort to meet aryan institute for country pI"esent-day needs." Such was workers will be held in the Can- 4. Helping the Pastor. the conviction of those who ton area. Then Dr. Butterfield a. In his evangelistic reading. spoke at the Continuation Conwill spend four weeks in the b. In his evangelistic preach- ference of the North American Philippines. From the middle of ing. Home Missions Congress which April to the middle of July he c. In his pastoral work- met in Cincinnati November 9 will be in Japan, where a strong shepherding. committee has arranged to have and 10. a Japanese leader and a mission- Evangelistic Drive for 50,000 This was the first of a series ary accompany him throughout the whole of his stay. Protestant churches of Chi- of "continuation conferences" to cago have entered upon an evan- be held in different parts of the gelistic drive for 50,000 new United States as a follow-up to NORTH AMERICA members which will culminate the North American Home Mis- Plans for Evangelism at Easter. The first meeting of sions Congress held in Washing- this drive was held September ton last year.

A suggested program for the 28. No important phase of mis- year to strengthen evangelism Nearly 600 clergymen repre- sion activity was overlooked.

throughout the churches sug- senting a score of different de- Past failures and present oppor- gests the following essential fea- nominations are engaged in the tunities were presented. The tures: campaign, assisted by leading church has a very definite re- 1. The Deepening of the Spirit- members of their churches. The sponsibility for the immigrant, whole is being directed by Dr. the mountain folk, the Negro, ual Life. Asa J. Ferry, pastor of Edge- the rural sections and cities. a. By enrichment of public water Presbyterian Church and chairman of the Chicago Church But one conviction seemed to worship. Federation's Commission on outweigh all others, namely that b. By more loyal church at- Evangelism. whatever the virtues of denomi- nationalism in the past, it is to- tendance. The recent survey by Dr. H. day hindering the work of the c. By daily devotions. Paul Douglass is quoted to show Church. Churches cost the peo- that there are approximately ple too much because of the The Commission on Evan- tremendous overhead brought gelism is making available 1,800 churches in the area and about by competition. Intelligent to the churches a series of that out of the population of cooperation would go a long way daily devotions from Janu- 3,500,000 in metropolitan Chi- to increase the usefulness of the ary first to Pentecost, May cago, the churches have more than 3,000,000 members. Of Church. 15. these about 2,500,000 are equally The Continuation Conferences d. By placing religious maga- divided between the Catholics will begin this year's series at zines and other Christian literature in the homes.

2. The Winning of Others to and Protestants, the Catholics Indianapolis on January 18th.

Christ. having 380 churches for their Other conferences will be held a. By pas tor s' instruction 1,250,000 adherents and the at Seattle, Portland, Oakland, classes. Pro t est ant shaving 1,300 Berkeley, San Francisco, Los b. By holding decision or con- churches, with numerous con- Angeles and Denver.

OUR WORLD WIDE OUTLOOK

Need Among Coal Miners sions at the Sixth Methodist board, the present status, and The Federal Children's Bu- Ecumenical Conference which the outlook for the future. The reau announces that about 25,- ended its session in Atlanta, figure adopted represents a re- 000 children will have to be fed Georgia, on October 25. Delein the soft coal areas of VVest gates from all parts of the coun- duction of close to five per cent Virginia and Kentucky this try attended. A delegation of u,nder the budget of appropriawinter. 60 or more came from Great Britain. tIons for the current year, or The American Friends Serv- about $200,000. ice Committee (Quakers) have The conference went on recundertaken this task and the ord strongly declaring that the Members of the staff of the Federal Council of Churches of Church should educate for peace, Presbyterian Board of National Christ in America is cooperat- that it should talk peace, should Missions are joining in making ing in the raising of necessary think peace and declared, "VVar funds, food and clothing. A must go or civilization goes." sacrificial gifts from their salanumber of relief stations have already been opened. VVeighing The occasion breathed the ries to the work of the board. the children reveals alarming spirit of brotherhood which expercentages of undernourish- ists in the various branches of Those who have united in this ment. Methodism t h r 0 ugh 0 u t the sacrificial giving include both w 0 1'1 d, numbering 12,000,000 Reports from field workers members and 30,000,000 con- the executive and the clerical tell of the desperate need for stituents, possessing 100,000 clothing. Mothers have made churches and owning $2,000,- staff at headquarters and presclothes for children from flour 000,000 worth of property. byterial and synodical execusacks. Many children are unable tives. to go to school because they have Prayer sessions of the convennot sufficient clothing. tion were an impressive feature. A Woman Pastor in Alaska The adults are also facing Valdez, a town on the coast of starvation unless aid comes. Alaska, has enjoyed some ups The present extreme distress of miners in the bituminous coal and several downs. In 1914 its industry comes from overexpansion of the industry, shrinkage population climbed to 2,100 peoin the market, and oversupply of labor, which have thrown ap- ple, who were attracted by copproximately 100,000 miners out of work. New means of making Protestant Episcopal Growth per mining and salmon cfaismhein~g a living must be found for these but by the time the VVar men and their families and they Alexander B. Andrews, of must have a way to live during its close only 350 were left. Tothe transition period. Raleigh, North Carolina, has put day there are 400 people in the The Federal Children's Bureau into figures the various activiand the President's Committee place, which is ninety miles on Employment turned to the ties of the Protestant Episcopal American Friends Service Com- from the next town. Many of mittee, which, because of their Church in the United States for experience in Europe and in the sea l' e Norwegians and scenes of industrial strife at the fifty years 1881-1930, incluhome, are especially well quali- Swedes, who do not object to fied to engineer this program. sive. The following table reveals cold weather and long winters. Gifts of clothing, food and the growth of the Church by money may be sent to the Amer- A Congregational church was ican Friends Service Committee decades: for Miners, 1515 Cherry Street, organized in 1900 and a building Commu- erected two years later. This Year Clergy nicants has continued to be the only per- 1881 …… " 3,369 344,580 1891 . . . . . . " 4,163 535,573 manent religious organization in 1901. . . . . . .. 5,011 751,156 1911. . . . . . .. 5,543 963,097 the community. Recent years 1921. . . . . . .. 5,987 1,104,029 1930. . . . . . .. 6,290 1,287,431 have brought a high school, a weekly visit from a boat, and an occasional airplane. The present pastor is a woman, Mrs. E. E.

VVhile some years have been Striegel. A member of the slow, the progress of the Church has been continuously upward. church who is now in the States More encouraging than the is showing his loyalty by raising growth in membership even is that in contributions. These the money for a new roof for the have risen from $6,539,927.69 in 1876 to $45,944,896.82 in 1930. building.

National Missions Cuts Budget LATIN AMERICA Of the ten governments in South American countries seven have been changed by revolu- Philadelphia, Pa. (Concerning A budget of appropriations tionary process, the administrafood shipments write to 20 for the year 1932-1933 amount- tions of two of them have been South Twelfth Street, Phila- ing to $3,915,000 was approved altered without revolution, but delphia.) by the Presbyterian Board of by action of the electorate which The Methodist Ecumenical National Missions at its semi- was almost revolutionary in Convention annual meeting held in Ashe- character. Of the heads of the ville, North Carolina, October 28 States with whom President Important pronouncements on and 29. Action on the budget Hoover conferred before his ininternational and church ques- followed a thorough review of auguration in 1928, not a single tions were made during the ses- the financial history of the one is now in office. Such facts

indicate the strain and difficulty The creation of these colonies In two years and a half reof the problems which the South and agricultural centers will quests for literature numbered American countries, together bring to the door of the evan- 842, from 120 cities and villages with other nations of the world, gelical churches new fields of in seven states. Of these 162 have been facing, and we will opportunity. The church should joined the reading club and read hope and pray that the coming be ready to furnish religious in- over 400 books. year will bring larger measures struction for the children of of order, freedom and pros- these communities and to aid EUROPE perity. them in the establishment of permanent religious centers. A British Crisis Disturbs Churches New Bishop for Mexico large percentage of the families who will avail themselves of The financial crisis is disturb- The new suffragan bishop of these opportunities will be mem- ing the work of the churches in Mexico, the Right Rev. Efrain bers of the evangelical churches. many ways, some of them quite Salinas, on Sunday, October 25, From the very beginning of the unexpected. The Foreign Miswas inducted into office and con- work in Puerto Rico the rural si(')nary Committee of the Wesfirmed his first class, five girls districts have been deeply inter- 1eyan Methodist Church decided from Hooker School. The long ested in the Gospel and the on reductions in the salaries service, all in Spanish, was held strongest influences for the both of the office staff in London in the Church of San Jose de church have come from the and of the missionaries on the Gracia in Mexico City. Bishop country. field. It was said to be quite Salinas has been assigned the impossible to estimate as yet the oversight of all the Mexican mis- Newspaper Evangelism in Brazil effect of the departure from the sions of the Protestant Episco- gold standard upon the income pal Church. Peter G. Baker, superintend- and expenditures of the Mission- ent of Collegio Americano, ary Society, but it was certain Hard Times in Guatemala Bahia City, Brazil, has been a that great fluctuations in ex- leader in bringing the Christian change would be felt, especially There are hard times in Gua- message to the influential classes in China. The hope was extemala as in other places. The in Latin America. For some pressed that the present ecolow price of coffee, the principal time he found it difficult to reach nomic distress would not be export crop of Guatemala, is one or interest them. allowed to dry up the spring of of the principal causes, though liberality at home. there are others, of course. But "Small advertisements," the fact is, there are many with- writes Mr. Baker, "were placed – The Churchman. out employment amI business is in the daily papers announcing worse than at a standstill. that Christian literature would Indian Visit of Christian be sent free to anyone who Friendship In spite of the lack of work would send his name and adand low wages, the congregation dress. Upon receipt of the re- A preliminary meeting was has kept on giving loyally to the quest for literature a package held recently by the Conference Lord's work out of their pov- of tracts was sent, accompanied of British Missionary Societies erty. Four home missionaries by a letter offering the reader in connection with an invitation are sustained each month in the privilege of becoming a which has been sent to the country districts besides the member of a Reading Club with Christian Church in India to large work done at home. Lib- the right to borrow books from send some of its members on a eral contributions are made for the circulating library. Among visit of Christian friendship to the poor and sick, also. Truly, the books listed were the Bible, Great Britain in the autumn of hard times often show up the New Testament, biographies, next year. Emphasis was laid real character of those who have books for Bible study, books of on the fact that the purpose of professed Christ. sermons or articles on religious the visit of four or five Indian subjects, and stories which teach Christians, under the leadership, -Presbyterian Mission. great moral truths or point to it is expected, of Dr. Azariah, Christ. A club member could Bishop of Dornakal, was that Evangelism and Puerto Rican keep a book for one month and these members of one of the Farmers then return it at his own ex- younger Christian Churches in pense. When a club member had the East, should share with the Eight hundred and fifty farms read four or five books and rank and file of the churches in have been assigned during the shown interest a letter was sent England their own Christian exlast year to small owners and to him asking if he desired to perience, and thus stimulate the two hundred and thirty homes accept Christ and prepare him- spiritual life in Great Britain. to laborers. The government self for membership in the evanhas also contracted for 10,208 gelical church. A decision card The traveling expenses of the acres of land that will be actual- accompanied the letter, which visitors is being raised by the ly purchased as soon as money he could sign and return." Indian Christian churches themis available. The project calls selves. The imagination of these for the division of this estate churches has been extraordiinto 2,176 small farms. narily stirred by the scheme.

OUR WORLD WIDE OUTLOOK

Spain's New Charter speaking people from Poland, United States where they have Ukrainia and the Border States acquired money, education, and The Constitutional Cortes of there are approximately one mil- have been converted to Protest- Republican Spain adopted its lion of these people in France. antism. It is estimated that new Constitution on December Twelve Protestant missionaries there are now 200,000 evanfirst. It is a unique document have regular Russian meetings gelicals in a total population of designed to transform a feudai in fifteen centres. The majority 43,000,000. monarchy into a progressive of the refugees belong to the modern state. educated upper classes. An Twice in six months the Pope evangelical church has been es- has protested that "the Lateran The document includes equal tablished with about 100 mem- Treaty and Concordat are being suffrage for men and women bers and the work is growing. infringed by non-Catholic and over twenty-three, equality of Last year the missionaries made anti-Catholic proselytizing in both sexes, a single-chambered Italy and especially in Rome." Parliament, property laws mak- about 850 visits outside their He further complains that Proing possible the nationalization centres and distributed some testant proselytizing has not of property and essential indus- 100,000 Russian Gospels and ceased since 1870, but grows tries, divorce by mutual consent, tracts and over 1,700 Russian greater, "with offence to the and the equality of legitimate Bibles and New Testaments divine founder of the Catholic and illegitimate children. were sold or given away. Church and harmful effect upon men's souls." The Constitution disestab- Dr. George Hunter of Long lishes the Catholic Church as the Beach, California, writes of his -Alliance Weekly. state religion and declares Spain visits to the Russian refugees in to be a "secular" state. Paris: "In the large congrega- A City "Without God"

The Cortes not only voted to tion of Russians at the mission Unable to destroy religion and terminate the age-old union of hall of Rev. George Urban were the Christian Church effectively church and state but to cease Russian officers' wives, and for- where it has once flourished, the paying priests from public mer generals' widows, and my "'Society of the Godless," with funds, to take ov,er control of most attentive listener seemed to the official backing of Soviet education, to expel any religious be the Bishop of the Russian authorities, will build in Russia, orders which did not comply Orthodox Church." in the vicinity of Nischni-Novwith certain regulations-this gorod, an entirely new city for clause was aimed at the Jesuits George Urban, the superin- about 30,000 laborers in which -and to seize church property tendent of the Russian Gospel there is to be no trace of reliunder certain circumstances. Movement, has visited the Rus- gious life. The city is to consist The Vatican protested against sians in Marseilles, the French of forty immense communal these articles, but took no Riviera, Lyon and Savoie, and houses, according to the Posener further action, announcing that found a number of earnest Z eitungsdienst, equipped with it would wait and see how the seekers, including a baroness club rooms, lecture halls, motion articles were enforced before with her nephew. pictures, gymnasiums, libraries undertaking to exert any greater and dining rooms. On each floor pressure on the new republic. Professor John Neprash, a there is to be an information A few clerics as individuals at- well known Russian evangelical table for answering questions tempted to stir up the people leader, the representative in about the non-religious life. Two against these articles but they America of the All-Russian Bap- periodicals, The Godless and The were expelled or jailed. tist Union, recently conducted a Godless at the Work Bench, are fruitful twelve days campaign to be distributed freely. In the The Cortes also antagonized in the Russian Gospel hall at meeting rooms a member of the the church by providing for di- "Salle Pleyel," in Paris. Society of the Godless is to be in vorce and taking jurisdiction attendance at all times for antiover martial affairs out of the Protestant Status in Italy religious consultation. Anti-relihands of ecclesiastical courts. gious lectures and classes are to A summary of Protestantism be presented every fifth day. Another clause provides for in Italy shows that the Waldenseizure of the great estates to be sians have 150 parishes and sta- AFRICA divided among the peasants. tions. English Anglicans and Church dignitaries criticized Presbyterians have churches In a Moslem Stronghold this article as bearing especially wherever there may be a British heavily on the church. colony. German Lutherans and Dr. R. H. Bland, working in French Calvinists also have es- Omdurman for the Church Mis- Gospel for Russians in France tablished churches. The Bap- sionary Society, says that years tists, Methodist Episcopal, and of modern education seem to The Russian Gospel Move- Wesleyan Methodist have serv- have brought to the Sudanese ment, an independent "Faith ices in Italian, the pastors but little realization of his duty Mission," works among the hun- mostly Italian. Many of th·e to his neighbor. The "man of dreds of thousands of Russian Protestant churches in Southern means" who hires a taxi to drive refugees in France and Belgium. Italy have been established by Together with other Russian- emigrants returning from the

to the mission hospital still shuts their 75,000 children and in gen- and he was conducted to the up his daughters at the age of eral upon this manifestation of sanatorium by another of the eight or nine to marry them, at the gesta Dei per Francos. A sheikhs of the Mosque of llaska a price, a few years later to hus- little book on "The Creative at Jerusalem in a miserable state bands they know nothing of and Work of French Protestant Mis- of health. After ten months'

have never seen. The govern- sions in South Africa" has been stay he is already in excellent ment clerk who wears a neat written by the French Consul- condition and will once more white shirt and European shoes, General in London, M. Goirand, take up his post in the Mosque probably living in a brick house who was formerly French Con- of Omar.

with electric light and telephone, sul at Johannesburg, where he Sheikh 11 Ansary and the still provides only a little mud came in contact with the French Chief Sheikh of the Mosque and room at the back for his women- missionaries among the Basuto. the key keeper of the Church of folk. Workers in hospitals and Catholic by birth, M. Goirand the Holy Sepulchre recently vis- schools are trying to show the was entirely unaware of Prot- ited the sanatorium.

Sudanese the Gospel of love estant mission work until he Another interesting case is through Jesus Christ. At this came upon these missions in that of 'Sheikh Ali, the son of mission hospital in Omdurman South Africa. He was so amazed Sheikh Mirza, the most famous some 3,500 patients are treated at what he saw that he obtained and m 0 s t important Shiite every month. authorization from the Ministry sheikh in the world. He came Revival in East Africa of Foreign Affairs to pay this from Persia accompanied by two other great ones and was led to A revival broke out recently public tribute to a work little Dr. Nucho's house by Sheikh among the native Christian known to the French people in Abd-ul-Hussein, who is in turn groups in Portuguese East Afri- general. Recently a Roman Cath- the leading 'Shiite sheikh in ca, led entirely by native speak- olic, Fellow of the University of Syria. France, on a traveling scholarers but watched by the missionaries with earnest interest. Miss ship in Asia and Africa, paid his All the Shiites in the world Craig of the American Board tribute to this mission in the will be grateful to the Presbytetells of two boys starting off on form of a lecture on Protestant rian Mission for the existence of missions among the Basuto, de- the Hamlin Memorial Sanatoan evangelistic trip through livered before the Association of rium when Sheikh Ali leaves in wild country, with buffalo and French Geographers. leopards abounding, speaking perfect health by next summer with the people they meet on the -South African Outlook. and returns to his father Sheikh Mirza in the land of Persia. way or in the kraals. At the end WESTERN ASIA -Dr. N. Nucho. of the month these lads had Freedom in Turkey Turning to Christ in Persia talked with 1,338 people, and at least thirty-five declared they A good many despotic rulers A young Persian who was would turn from their sins and at one time and another have about to leave his home in Ham- sensed a relationship between adan to labor in the oil fields of follow Christ. "Fifty new members also Christianity and the itch for po- the south, told a Presbyterian joined the Church at a great litical liberty. Even the modern missionary he had not yet made service in Angola," writes Miss Turk seems to have discovered up his mind whether to remain Florence Malcolm of the Ameri- the same truth. L. Levonian a Moslem or become a Christian. can Board. "The week previous, writes: "In a book recently The missionary suggested that the villagers came from all di- translated and published in he take with him a Koran and a rections carrying their goods on Istanbul by an eminent Turk- Gospel, read a little of each their heads – a sleeping mat, a ish writer I saw these lines: every day and pray God to guide basket of meal and cooking uten- 'Nations following the laws of him to the truth. Not long after, sils. Sunday afternoon the cor- Brahma, Buddha and Moham- the Persian wrote from the oil nerstone of the new hospital was med have learned nothing but fields that he had found the laid, and Dr. Cushman and her despotism. Modern liberty is the truth and wanted to be baptized. assistants will soon have an ade- fruit lot the Gospel.' Think of a There is an increasing demand quate building and equipment to Moslem translating and publish- for the services of nurses who have studied at the Nurses' carryon their splendid work." ing these things !" Training School at Tabriz. The French Missions Honored Famous Shiekhs at a Mission school is a mission institution The Academie Francaise has Sheikh Yusuf, of the Sunni and prepares nurses for both awarded to the Society of Evan- Moslem sect, came to the Hamlin private work and for other mis- gelical Missions the Prix de . Mission Hospital in Syria from sion hospitals.

Vertu and a gift of ten thousand the most famous and most holy Fiske Seminary for Girls at francs. M. Barthou, in making place in the Moslem world next Rezaieh reports that for the first the award, dwelt on the devotion to Mecca itself. Being a sheikh time in the history of the school of the missionaries, the martyr- did not save him from becoming more Moslem students than doms, the 1,300 schools with a victim of the "white plague," Christians enrolled.

OUR WORLD WIDE OUTLOOK

INDIA, BURMA AND CEYLON have identified themselves with the suggestion that Dr. Kagawa the masses in the national strug- shoul~ be invited to come to India for Christian Minorities gle for independence. At the a serIes of evangelistic meetings· the same time non-Christians realize splendid ex;ample of Burma and, a:bove The Christians in India form the peculiar position in which a~l, t~e :VIdespread feeling that the one of the minority communi- Indian Christians are placed in tIme IS rIpe for a united endeavor to ties. Five million are not very their relationship to foreign mis- carry the evangel with all the weight many alongside of three hun- sions, and they recognize that of the Christian resources of the dred and fifty million, but the the vast majority of them are Council to the mind and heart of engaged in nation-building ac- Indi:,. The Committee was one in retwo large communities in India tivities. The time is now come solvmg that elaborate organization have acknowledged the right of for making it clear to the coun- should be avoided and that reliance the Christians in India to both try and to the Indian Christians from first to last must be upon God. speak and be heard. ~uch has themselves what the rightful A~o~g the beaten track of prayer, the been said regarding the safe- place of the Indian followers of mmIstry; o.f th~ word, the living of guards necessary to guarantee Jesus Christ should be in the the ChrIstIan hfe, the expression of to the various minorities the en- new India that is in the making. th~ C?ristian spirit, the fearless apjoyment of their ordinary rights The lead of the National Chris- pl!cat~on of the Christian epic, the under a national government. tian Council in this matter will wIdenmg range of fellowship and the VVe have never considered such be very opportune. adventure of faith, the steps of the safeguards necessary. VVhatever Son of God are most likely to be may be said for or against safe- -Po O. Philip. found and the authentic voice of His guarding financial interest or in- Spirit most clearly heard. . . . ternational relationships, we feel Shall Christianity Be . The first step should be to seek the that no service can be rendered Nationalized? mterest and cooperation of all the India by attempting, in a writ- Christian forces. The whole line must ten constitution, to safeguard Mr. Jamaluddin, principal of advance. To this end the help of the rights of any group within the Boys' High School in Jullun- church and mission councils, Christian India itself. VVe believe the pro- dur, a station manned entirely colleg~s, 9hristian journals, laymen's nouncement of many Christian by Indians, voices the plea that orgamzatIOns and mterdenominationbodies on this subject as not de- India needs not a westernized al societies should be invited. siring any specific safeguards, is Christ: a favorable omen. VVhen all is The movement must reach all secsaid and done, conditions in the "As the Gospel was first tions of the community. It is there- India of the future must rest preached in the Orient by VVest- fore imperative that an endeavor be with the citizens of this land, ern missionaries, it was perhaps made not only to preach the Christian and we believe further that the inevitable that Christ should message but to bring its principles to legitimate rights and interests come first in VVestern dress, es- bear on rural, industrial, social and of any minority will be perfectly pecially since Indian pantheism, other problems. . . . secure in the keeping of the ma- Indian formalism and Indian jority groups. idolatry could not easily be util- The place of prayer must be funda- ized for Christian thought or mental. . . . The movement calls -The Indian Witness. Christian worship. Paul and for a deepening of spiritual life. It other leaders of the New Testa- is therefore urged that retreats and ,Religious Liberty ment indicate that Christianity, conferences, particularly in the inter- which is a universal religion, ests of pastors, should be held wher- In view of the important issues will adapt itself to special na- ever possible. raised about the right of foreign tional characteristics in every missionaries to carryon their nation without setting up a sep- The fullest possible use should be activities, it is gratifying to arate national form in any." made of Christian literature. learn that the National Christian Council of India has appointed A Call to Evangelism The Committee calls upon its brethan influential committee to study ren everywhere to take up the minthe whole subject of religious The National Christian Coun- istryof intercession. liberty. This committee has been cil Review for June, 1931, recharged with the responsibility ports a deepening interest in the Indians Sending Out of preparing a statement mak- all-important matter of evangel- Missionaries ing clear what the place of the ism. At its meeting in April the Christian Church is in the life of subject had a central place.. The Secretary of the Internathe community and the service it tional ~issionary Council has is called upon to render in the Some of the relevant considerations India of today. There has been were: the resolution of the Central written to inquire if the Naa tendency among Indian Chris- Conference of the Methodist Episcopal tians to consider themselves as a Church inviting the Council to inau- tional Missionary Society of'Inspecial community like the Mos- gurate a forward movement in evangelems and to demand special priv- lism and pledging cooperation; the dia would cooperate in a scheme ileges and safeguards. Very few Kingdom of God Movement in Japan and the similar movement in China; of missionary work for Indian settlers in Kenya and Uganda in East Africa. A doctor full of evangelistic zeal has already of- fered her full-time service to help these Indians. She is very anxious that alongside of her ministrations there should be established work by two Indian Christian missionaries in the places mentioned above. A group of friends deeply interested in this proposal are prepared to find £300 per year to help Indian

missionaries to go and work of the Brethren, and the Society cause it is necessary to present a there. Financially the Society of Friends. united front in non-Christian counmay not be able to subsidize this tries. undertaking, but the scheme ap- It was agreed that negotiapeals to us very much, as the t ion s for a comprehensive "Burma for Christ" Movement time has come for the Christians church union in Northern India of India to go out to other lands should proceed. In church polity The Burma Christian Council and share with them that have there should be congregational through its Evangelistic Comnot the "unsearchable riches of liberty in the life and activity of mittee has called the Church to the Gospel of Christ." Our com- the local church; responsibility a vision of God's purpose for mission is, "Go to all the world for government should vest in Burma. The movement, which and preach the Gospel to every synods or representative coun- was reported in our June num- cils, with clerical and lay mem- ber, is not meant to be a spascreature." bers; and there should be super- modic effort, but it calls for a intendents or bishops. Several fresh outlook which, begun in -National Missionary delegates emphasized the neces- penitence and prayer, continued Intelligencer. sity of avoiding the term "his- in faith and perseverance, shall toric episcopate." regenerate in the Church of To Begin Work in India Burma that spirit which thrills The conference thought that a through the pages of the Acts of The General Convention of the South India scheme in its pres- the Apostles. Protestant Episcopal Church at ent form was not quite adequate its recent meeting responded to to the needs of North India, but The bulletin of the movement, the call from India to open work desired a conference to consider which was inspired largely by in the 'Singareni area in the the principles to be adopted in the movements in China and Province of Hyderabad. This the formation of a united church Japan, mentions three general area comprises three counties for India. principles on which the movewith a population of about three ment ought to be based: hundred thousand people and is Meantime steps are being taken part of a vast rural area in the in the direction of a smaller 1. The "Burma for Christ" movedominions of the Nizam of Hy- union between the Methodist ment should work in and through the derabad. Bishop Azariah of Episcopal Church, the English Churches, extending to every Chris- Dornakal believes that a sepa- Baptist community, and the tian, and finally reaching the millions rate diocese can be erected in the United Church of Northern beyond. Nizam's dominions within a few India. years. The Singareni area is a 2. The movement is not a pugnaciregion in which both the Church Union in South India ous challenge to other religions, but of England and the American seeks to see God's Spirit leading them Methodists have been maintain- Last October there was held in on to fulfilment in Christ. ing mission work. In the interest of comity and consolidation, Vel1ore, South India, the general 3. The movement must be comprethe Methodists have withdrawn. hensive, seeking to touch all races, assembly of the South India working in all areas, employing vari- The Church in the Diocese of eties of method, and aiming at estab- Dornakal has for several years United Church, which is the re- lishing the Kingdom of God in all faced the danger of being over- relationships of life. whelmed by the number of peo- sult of a union between the Conple who have turned to it for gregational, Presbyterian and Stress is laid on the need for the fulfillment of their spiritual other non-episcopal churches of every Christian to catch the hopes and longings. There has South India. The negotiations vision of God's purpose, to be an not· been sufficient staff to pre- for church union, for which agent of that purpose, and to pare properly the many candi- South India has become famous, pray. dates for baptism and confirma- have been going on between this tion. United Church, the Anglican At the annual meeting of the Church and the Wesleyan Meth- Burma Christian Council (July Plans are in progress for se- odist Church. The retiring pres- 28th to 30th) the greater part curing American missionaries ident of the assembly, Mr. J. V. of the time was given to considand funds for the work. Chelliah, in his address said: eration of and planning for the movement. A letter from the North India Church Union It has been pointed out that Lam- secretary says: beth 1930 took a retrograde step and A Round Table Conference on went back on some of the fundamen- During the coming year we recom- Church Union was held at Delhi tal concessions made in 1920. Even mend that the emphasis be placed at which representatives were conceding the truth of this, it does upon deepening the spiritual lives of present from the Anglican not at all affect our position here. the Christians of Burma. There are Church, the United Church of The problem of union is much more signs that the Christian forces of the North India, the Methodist Epis- difficult to solve owing to the in- Province are beginning to focus upon copal and Wesleyan Churches, grained prejudices of centuries. We this task of evangelism. There is a the English Baptists, the Church should not wait till the churches in very general and hearty response…. the west make their adjustments. In the matter of union the initiative lies A Karen is joint secretary. We with the churches in the mission field, hope to see the whole thing more in- partly because there are fewer preju- digenous. We are very much en- dices to contend with, and partly be- couraged, and feel that the founda- tions are being laid strong, wide and deep, and that the response promises much for the future.

OUR WORLD WIDE OUTLOOK

Government Request Mission in North Shansi in capital" of the radical govern- ment and a hotbed of anti-Chris- The Siamese government has which he said: ' tian agitation. asked the Presbyterian Mission to evangelize a certain section in "We Catholics have a greater eastern Siam. In reply the Siamese National Church' sent responsibility in China today A Chinese Pastor's Impressions its first missionary family to that t,erritory. With the evan- than ever before, because you Rev. Tom J ung, pastor of a gelist were two prominent Siamese pastors to help look over the Protestants have neglected your Chinese Presbyterian Church in situation. They camped in an open shed, but for a short time emphasis upon the saving power San Francisco, has visited China only, for the government officials invited them to stay at the Gov- of Jesus Christ, and you are so after more than 30 years conernor's house. The government at Bangkok had sent a telegram busily engaged in good works of tinuous residence in the United to the officials asking them to treat the Siamese missionaries education, social service, medical States. He tells some of his imwith all courtesy. relief and other activities, that pressions in The Missionary CHINA too few of you give full time to Messenger. A Challenging Statement the preaching of the Gospel of "When I arrived at my home Mr. L. M. Outerbridge honorary agricultural secretary of the Jesus." village I found my people all idol China International Famine Relief Commission, tells of a chal- Reject Registration of St. John's worshipers, and exceedingly sulenging statement made to him University by Chow Kwo Hsien, former perstitious. As I watched them Chinese envoy at Ottawa. Dur- The Chinese Nationalist goving eight years in America he ernment has refused to permit I felt as Paul in Athens when had sought the reason which St. John's University and Middle prompted the people of America School, Shanghai, to register he saw the city wholly given to to share Iiber,ally of their men and money with China's with a statement of Christian idolatry. One day I told the peonee.d in ~ducation, hospitals, purpose. After much study of socIal serVIce and famine re- the question of registration ple I wanted to tear down a Joss lief; for sending gifts to a Bishop Grayes of the Protestant land never seen is unknown in Episcopal Church, and the coun- Hou~e and build a library. Chinese history. He was satis- cil of advice had finally agreed fied that in America was a suffi- to the application, provided it Agamst some opposition this ciently large number of people contained the statement of motivated by the spirit of Christ Christian purpose and other was done. In this library I to have created a public mind, safeguards as laid down by the ready to share with others in National Council of the Church. placed the Bible and other Chrisneed. Said he: The application was accordingly sent in, but has now been re- tian literature. Now some of As Christians, you have accomplished jected, both because of this wonders in helping China solve her those Joss worshipers have beproblems, but you have failed to give statement and because the uni- China the dynamic power that enables versity includes a school of come God worshipers. your country to rise to our need. We theology. do not need your money as much as "Another day I called the peowe need this same spirit of Jesus Dr. F. L. Hawkes Pott, presiwhich has made your country great. dent of the university, reports ple together and said to th eymO~ You missionaries lean over backward that although no public an- 'How foolish and ignorant in being willing to hide your Christian Gospel if it is not welcomed, but nouncement was made of the en- are! You spend the money to until through your efforts the thought trance examinations, there were of China shall be permeated by the many applicants, with the result worship idols. Why do you not personality of Jesus, China will not that six hundred and two stube able to accomplish social reforms de,nts enrolled in the college and spend your money to educate for herself. mIddle school, an increase over the preceding year. your children?' Then I opened Mr. Outerbridge also tells of a conversation with the Father a school with 38 pupils. I Superior of a Belgian Catholic wished to show them that idols are useless things.

"The change I found in China was very great. China has im- proved very much, and I believe when the time comes China will become a Christian nation."

Need for Missionaries Two Baptisms in Hankow "The one thing that has struck me so far," writes an Two prominent young men, English missionary recently ar- returned students and now oc- rived in North China, "is the tremendous opportunity for mis- cupying important positions in sionades out here and the ter- Hankow, have recently been rible handicap we suffer through lack of numbers. Another half- baptized as Christians. One of dozen ministers would make all the diffeTence, as the work could these was Mr. Yang Chung then be better co-ordinated and much that is now done by cer- Chen, prominent banker, and tain men, because there is no one else to do it, could be handed the other was Mr. C. K. Hthu~ over to specialists, leaving the commissioner of finance of others free to get on with their Wuhan municipality. Both men own jobs.

sought baptism on their own "The present staff is really splendid and one can have noth- initiative. Less than five years ago Hankow was the "national

ing but admiration for the quiet has been accorded to the relief who is well known throughout way they set about their work, organizations. the empire. Morinaga's chocoften cut off completely from olates, candies and cakes are other foreigners. The Chinese Negotiations are in process to eaten by the children in Japan pastors also seem to be real secure credits or long-term loans and his advertisements flank spiritual men with a very high to meet the costs of colonization, every railway in the Far East. standard." as was done in the case of earlier He was a once a Christian but migrations of Mennonites and retired his faith to make a for- Russian Christian Refugees Lutherans to Canada and Brazil. tune. The recent death of his In the meantime, funds have wife brought Mr. Morinaga to a The evangelical refugees from been sent to the American Con- crisis, and he is now a familiar Russia who are now at Harbin, sul at Harbin so that the im- figure in Tokyo pulpits where he China, awaiting transportation mediate needs of the refugees speaks usually on the theme, to permanent homes in either may be met. "The chief of sinners, 1." He North or South America, con- has just given all his workers a sist of about 700 to 800 Men- JAPAN-CHOSEN copy of the New Testament. nonites, some 400 Lutherans, and smaller numbers of other Christians for Forty Years Japanese Christian Graphic creeds. Many of them have been living at Harbin for eigh- In the City Hall in Osaka, An innovation in Christian teen or nineteen months, sup- Japan, there was a gathering of publications is the newly anported by their denominational all Christians, and those who nounced Japanese Christian relief organizations, but the had been Christians for more Graphic, of which Rev. Michio large sum necessary to bring than forty years were asked to Kozaki, well known Tokyo them to America and give them stand; there were sixty-seven. pastor, is editor-in-chief. Suffia fresh start in life, has not been Sixteen had been Christians for cient printed matter is given to available. To date, the available fifty years or more. One of our explain and arouse interest in funds are not more than $20,000. churchmen was baptized fifty- various presentations of Chris- With $25,000 in hand it would six years ago. Bishop Naide, tianity at work in the world. be possible to charter a steamer the Bishop of Osaka, was bap- The first issue was of 25,000 and get the refugees out of the tized forty-five years ago. copies, 8 pages, and we are told danger zone, and thus give the it is to be monthly at an annual relief agencies time to raise the Protestant Christian Forces subscription rate of 25 cents, rest of the money, $150,000, es- special rates on quantity orders timated needed. Rev. Hiroshi Hatanaka in his for evangelistic purposes. address at the Congregational The agencies now at work meeting in Seattle gave some in- The New Korean are: the International Red teresting statistics concerning Cross, the Nansen Refugee Com- the Protestant Christian forces "Devotion, patience, sanitamission, the Central Bureau for at work in education and in tion, trust and hope are now the Relief of the E van gel i c a I church activities. There are 12 custom of the Koreans in con- Churches of Europe, the Ameri- Christian universities and col- trast to the utter waste of rice can Mennonite Central Relief leges for men; 11 for women; 18 and other products, disease, Committee, the Canadian Men- boys' high schools with 10,124 starvation of the days prior to nonite Relief Committee, the pupils, 36 girls' high schools the coming of the missionary. Lutheran World Convention and with 14,317 students; there are They are noted tithers, devoting the American Friends Service 2,000 teachers in these schools. daily the tenth of the rice for Committee. Christian kindergartens number the average day's meals. This 257 with 12,045 children. practice has installed in the The Chinese aut h 0 r i tie s Korean a desire to save; he is bethreatened to deport the Harbin Among government and other coming thrifty, industrious, law refugees back into Russia unless universities and colleges 144 abiding, and a real help in the measures were taken to get them have student Christian organiza- support of the church." away. Not only are the refugees tions. There are 116 institutions greatly in the way in the already for Christian social welfare -Mrs. Wm. B. Dickson in The much overcrowded city, but they work, and over 200 Christian pe- Presbyterian Advance. are embarrassing China's trade riodicals are published. The relations with the Soviet govern- number of Protestant churches Sowing by the Wayside ment, which looks with disfavor is 1,760; the number of Proteson this harboring of its "crim- tant Christians is 170,303; the Recently I he a r d from a inals" by a friendly power. total contributions for the year Korean pastor the following Through the good offices of the 1929 were Y2,402,100. story. When Rev. George Winn Chinese delegate to the League first came to Chosen he was of Nations, an extension of time -Missionary Herald. located at Fusan. He was going beyond the date originally set alonga high mountain trail when for deportation-October first- A Christian Business Man Christian circles in Japan are thankful for the return of a man

OUR WORLD WIDE OUTLOOK

he came upon an elderly Korean The boy said: "I believe in members to read the Scriptures. man carrying a load of wood. God, Tooan." Among the Moros, where Dr. Mr. Winn being a strong young Frank Laubach has introduced man, offered to carry the load. "Is that all?" asked the officer. a new simple method of learning The man finally yielded to this to read, six thousand of these strange request from this the "Oh, no!" said the boy. "I people have become literate strange foreigner. Mr. Winn believe in Jesus, God's Son, the within the past year. In five carried the load until he reached one who says, 'Come unto me!' years it is hoped to make this the place where the ways parted. I used to believe in Dyak idols entire non-Christian province Here he returned the load to the and spirits. Many offerings of one hundred per cent literate. man, who thanked him for the food we gave to the idols, and This will open the Bible to the help he had given. Mr. Winn often stuffed rice and tobacco in children of Islam. The Daily told him that that was nothing, the dead skulls which used to Vacation Bible School has been taking the opportunity to add hang in our home. But now we extended in at least one province that the man had a much greater all believe in the living God, and to include removing what is perburden of sin which Jesus had we have Bible pictures in our haps the greatest barrier to efcome to bear for him if he would home, and a kitab (a Bible)." fective molding of child life by but let him. The two men converting ignorant parents into parted. Unevangelized Tribes Mission allies, rather than opponents of of Borneo, (1287 Spring St., Christianity. Some years later at a Bible Muskegon, Michigan). class for men, a Korean told this -Philippine Presbyterian. story ending by saying, "I am Surprises in Formosa that man. I accepted Jesus as Tahiti Christians my Saviour, and have always Rev. E. H. Edwards quotes wished to thank the man who from a letter written by an Eng- Most of the Tahitians have reintroduced me to the great Bur- lish Presbyterian missionary in mained loyal to their Protestant den Bearer, but as all foreigners Formosa. teaching, largely owing to their look alike to me I do not know knowledge of the Bible, and skill which of the missionary teachers God is always surprising us with in using it. In the Society here may be that man." Roscoe new signs that He is working. One Islands alone are found 20,000 C. Coen. new thing is to stir us up to make a Protestants, 4,000 of whom are start in carrying the Gospel to the communicants. In the Mar- THE PACIFIC ISLANDS savages of this island. The revolt of quesas Islands there are about 1,500 savages in November of last 1,500 Roman Catholics and 500 Light in Borneo Darkness year, when they massacred over 120 Mormons. In the Paumotu Japanese and others, has made us feel Islands there are perhaps 4,000 At the mission station all is that we must take the Gospel to them Roman Catholics and 1,500 Morquiet except at the boys' hut and without further delay. We have writ- mons. the millions of forest insects ten home urging our Society to praising the Lord in the only enable us to begin work at once, and We were taken to see the way they know. Somewhere not they seem determined to do it. fine self-supporting s c h 0 0 I s far off there is a roadside meet- where 300 girls (45 being boarding on the highways and byways Formosa, opposite the Prov- ers) and 250 boys (27 boarders) where the news of salvation ince of Fukien, formed a part of are given a general education in must be brought. After work- the Chinese Empire until 1895, French. A seminary with 9 stuing on the roads and bridges all when it was ceded to Japan. dents is entirely supported by day the Dyaks rest in temporary Christian missions began there the churches. shanties at night. They gladly about 1858. leave their rice pots to gather There are 22 churches and 13 around the evangelist to hear of Teaching Filipinos to Read pastors on the Islands of Tahiti Jesus and his love to them. Now and Moorea alone. Indeed, all we hear the distant sound of The problem of making the the activities of the mission, heathen worship penetrating Philippines measurably literate whether in church, school or the air. Somewhere is a sick has been the subject of much press, are self-supporting and one, a native priest bending over concern by educational and po- are willingly sustained by the the suffering one with charms, litical leaders. In spite of the Tahitian Christians. We cannot dancing and offering gifts and excellent public school system but admire the sterling charcalling to the evil spirits to have and the good intentions of gov- acter and perseverance of those mercy, to leave the body of the ernment leaders, approximately descendants of the Hugenots, suffering one. fifty per cent of.the population who carryon so well the fine remains illiterate, and the same work whose foundations were Not so long ago a district of- proportion of the children of laid broad and deep by the ficer of West Borneo, who is a school age have no school privi- L. M. S. believer, asked a mission boy: leges. The great need is for an incentive both to learn and to Alexander M. Allan, of "Little Dyak boy, what do you teach. This phase of the mis- Bogota, Colombia. believe?" sionary problem requires the co- operation of native workers. The strength of the Church de- pends upon the ability of its

Interesting Movements In Japan QUOTED FROM THE Japan Christian Quarterly The Crisis Before the Church turned the world upside down." Religious Freedom and Shrines One of the disturbing features If the Christian church were to When Shinto was declared to of the present situation is that stand fearlessly in deed as well be non-religious, there were Japan is looking to Christianity as word for love as the basic many who realized that tradifor a lead and such a lead is not principle of society, she need not tions are not so easily abolished forthcoming. The failure of the worry about her influence on by government decree; but they much heralded anti-religious public opinion. It is in this fact hoped that in process of time movement is evidence that the more than anything else that the and by a gradual purging of its nation as such is not disposed secret of Dr. Kagawa's influence religious elements the day would towards a material basis for so- with the masses lies. come when every loyal Japanese ciety, despite the advance of The second reason for the could become a State Shintoist, Communism. Why then is Com- progress of Communism is that whatever his religious faith. munism making such rapid it has never hesitated to demand But old traditions are carried on progress while the Christian sacrifices of its followers. All to new shrines. Church is almost standing still? along it has had to fight for its One of these State Shrines, Last year, the first year of the existence. The result is that the which ministers to a large area men in the universities and the Kingdom of God Movement, the labor world, who have been cap- not far from Tokyo,· is of pre- Protestant churches increased tured by it are not the "duds," fectural rank. In front of the but the best. Many of them are priests' offices were rows of by under 8,000 while the popu- boxes containing charms of lation grew by over 800,000. There are two main reasons. of the stuff of which heroes are every description, for warding In the first place Communism made; they have faced torture off disease, for protection from has before it definite ideals for and martyrdom for their cause. fire and mad dogs, for help in the uplift of society. It is here On the other hand, now that child-birth, for success in busithat the Christian churches as Christianity enjoys on the whole ness, even for driving away such are still relatively weak. the good-will of the authorities rats! In the background was a We need a world view of life, a and the Church itself is estab- pile of boxes ready to be re- Christianity formulated and lished, it is tending to get more turned by post, each with its lived for the world of today. comfortable, certainly in the charm inside renewed by a re- In the fight against certain so- bigger cities. As a result of the ligious ceremony for another cial evils, Christians have taken desire for financial independ- year. Pilgrims presented their the lead, but in enunciating posi- ence, it is composed largely of charm for renewal and paid tive principles for the recon- members of the bourgeoisie, in- their fee. The priest made a stead of being the church of all. note of their names and then struction of society, as the In general it pays its pastors a made his way to the main shrine Soviets have done, we have piteously low stipend, but it is to offer his prayers on their belagged behind. Christ's message demanding finer buildings; it is half. As he drew near he beat of the Kingdom is not given the increasingly particular about a big drum to warn the spirits of emphasis today that He gave it. the quality of the music and the his approach. Then kneeling Lord Shaftsbury "never thought training if not the message of down before the emblems of that the rich had fulfilled their its clergy. There is less of the .their presence, he recited rapidduty to the poor when they had given them a cheap copy of the heroic in its appeal. ly a list of names, punctuated by Bible and a few improving Peace has its perils no less deep in-drawn breaths and bows.

tracts. He set to work to try than war; where there is no op- Then came another beating of a and put destitute men and wo- position a church tends to get small drum at his side and the men on their feet." soft and to pay too much atten- rapid recitation of a Shinto It may be argued that the tion to secondary things. The prayer; more beating of the smallness of the church prevents emphasis is on self-preservation, drums, more bows, and the cere- it having the influence on public a thing which is essentially un- mony was over. The pilgrims opinion that it should. The Com- Christian. We do well to take returned with their charm made munist Movement in Japan to heart the words of Mr. effective for another year.

started from a very small begin- Stanley Baldwin: "the Church Primitive this may be, but it is ning; Lord Shaftsbury had to is much more likely to fail in religious nevertheless both in in- fight much of his battle single- the long run because it demands tention and in form.

handed; it was a very small too little of its members than The Christian forces cannot body of whom the complaint because it demands too much of regard such things with indiffer- was made that they "have human nature." ence.

'~I==================="""""",,"I~

Our Missionary Bookshelf Recent Boo~s Reviewed for the Readers' Information ~=I====================~~ Russia in the Grip of Bolshevism. By activity and numbers, the blows governing their daily lives." J.ohn Johnson. 12 mo. 160 pp. $1.50. of late have fallen on them un- The low economic state result- Revell. New York. 1931. sparingly, some aimed at them ing from the enormous taxation specifically. Their leaders "are of their productive powers is Here is a direct, simple, al- deprived of citizenship, the right perhaps the least of the adversimost naive narrative of a to vote, the right to have cards ties. The atmosphere is thick journey into the domain of Com- for bread and other commodi- with dreads and betrayals. If munism made in 1930 by John ties; they are despised, mocked, this is true for the rulers, what Johnson, Secretary of the All- persecuted in every conceivable of the suspected, the feared and Russian Evangelical Union. His way, exiled. Their wives and the hunted? undertaking was in the nature children suffer indignities day of a religious inquiry and mis- and night." Even the apostles of communism sion. The objective was ob- themselves suffer, although they may tained to the extent of having An optimistic view is taken neither realize nor admit what is a twenty-eight days within the of the ultimate outcome of the proven, self-evident fact. These lead- Soviet Union and employing the war on religion. The author de- ers of socialistic idealism live in a time assiduously with individual clares that only a small minority constant atmosphere of suspicion and and group contacts that afforded of believers have given way un- fear. There is, for example, the fear real insight into certain areas of der the pressures. The others of being overthrown; the fear of collife, limited by the authorities are prospering spiritually. The lapse of the five-year program; the who restricted his movements to personal experiences of the fear, based on tangible proof, that all Leningrad and Moscow, apart writer changed his opinion as to the rest of the world is against them. from the route from and back to the extent of the atheist achieve- These and other contributory factors, the Polish border. ments. He concludes "that not- render the lives of the Soviet leaders withstanding the atheistic mock- one long torment of dread and suspi- The chief and very consider- ery, threats, and persecution cion. able value of the account is its leveled against them, ninety-five contribution of authentic infor- per cent of the Russian people At the other pole of suffering mation concerning the fortunes are still deeply religious, still are the Lishentzi or "Deprived," of that growing body of evan- believe in God, while millions of to whose plight a chapter is degelical Christians with whom them continue to accept and con- voted. the author is in fellowship. In fess Jesus Christ as Master and this field of observation he is Lord." The interesting com- The defects of the book are in most at home and was positioned ment is added that the accom- the spots where the author gets to receive people's confidences, plishments of atheism in Russia away from the fields of personal something rare there as it is are compulsory and not an ex- observation. Twice there is refnecessary. pression of the will of the peo- erence to Soviet law against the ple. A strong appeal is lodged attendance on religious meetings The book presents the in- for sympathy, prayers and mate- of persons under eighteen years dubitable facts of the wide bitter rial help toward Russian Chris- of age. Such attendance is not oppressions, reprisals and per- tians on the part of those out- illegal unless the meeting has secutions directed against all side. the character of a school of re- Christian communions and J ew- ligious instruction. The penalish and Moslem religions alike. The most poignant portrayal ties that are visited on the young There is a chapter on the re- in the book is that on "Strug- for engaging in religious worligious laws of the Soviet. These gling and 'Suffering Russia." It ship and activities are visited alone reveal the effort to com- outside the law by economic, sopletely hedge in the programs is an open window looking in on cial and educational discriminaand practices by which religions tions. Two other errors of fact the subtler but more painful as- appear in the pages that treat live. of the Russian Orthodox Church. pects of "class war" in a human It is not true that "For long cen- At the onset of the anti-re- turies the people of Russia were ligious forces the evangelicals society. The angle of observa- deprived of the privilege of ownwere measurably spared from ing, reading, and studying the attack because regarded of less tion is that of one "who, under- Bible." Neither were the clergy political weight and motivation, on the whole lavishly financed. but with their rapid growth in standing the Russian language The grandeur here alluded to and the Russian people, can enter into the actual conditions [61 ]

did not extend far beyond the lish social justice for the work- final word is "I am ever increashierarchy, while thousands of ers. They are making many mis- ingly persuaded that, whether in the village priests were notori- takes for which they will suffer, sickness or in health, life or ously ill kept. Also no place is but experience will teach them death, we may trust our Heavenleft for the multitude of Ortho- many lessons. It is to be hoped ly Father." This volume is one dox Christian lives in the sweep- that other countries and those of the best on the subject from .ing statement "The Russian peo- who do not believe in Commun- a Christian point of view. ple, together with their rulers ism will also learn lessons from and priesthood, walked the path- Russia's experiment. Mr. Lipp- Youth in a Believing World. Pupils' ways of wickedness and destruc- hard's clear and interesting re- Edition. By John Clark Archer. 8 vo. 166 pp. $1.00. Suggestions to tion." Obviously the misrepre- port helps us to understand the Leaders, 25 cents. Westminster sentations have not arisen from situation and to appraise the Press. Philadelphia. 1931.

malice for elsewhere respect for strength and weaknesses in the These studies in living relig- Orthodox Christians is shown experiment. ions are prepared as a senior and real concern for them under elective by a Christian professor the hardships that the present The Leadership of the Constructive at Yale University. After an inregime imposes, and heartily en- Forces of the World. By John R. troductory chapter on the nature couraging is the testimony borne Mott. 8 vo. 30 pp. Oxford Uni- and origin of religion, Professor to increasing good will between versity Press. London. 1931. Archer takes up in succession the Protestant and the old Ani m ism, Confucianism (not Leadership is the most impor- tant and vital factor in solving Church congregations in the the problems of the world. Given strictly a religion), Hinduism, communities visited. the right leaders, then money, Buddhism, Islam and Christian- programs and policies are com- ity. The treatment of these non- ETHAN T. COLTON. paratively simple problems. Dr. Christian religions is interesting Mott is a leader and has had and shows their best side, but in Communing with Communism. By wide experience in selecting and many cases the author neglects William B. Lipphard. Illus. 12 mo. judging leaders for worthwhile to point out the weaknesses and 153 pp. $1.59. Judson Press. Phila- tasks. In this lecture, delivered failures 0 f s u c h religions as delphia. 1931. at the University of St. Andrew, Buddhism, Islam and Hinduism. he sounds the call for wise and The treatment of Christianity is Views of Russia are kaleido- devoted leaders in the present dogmatic in its statements rather scopic. Reports of travelers and crisis; he describes the needed than attempting to give clear correspondents vary from whole- qualities of leadership; he tells sale condemnation to general how leaders may be developed, evidence for faith in Christ and commendation. Mr. Lipphard, a and, above all, he exalts Christ His teachings. To i n qui r i n g secretary of the American Bap- as the great Leader and Teacher minds the studies seem to raise tist Foreign Mission Society, vis- whom all should follow who seek more questions than they anited Soviet Russia in 1930 and abiding victory. swer. In the hands of a wise here records his honest impres- Christian teacher they will be sions. He endeavors to be un- Miraculous Healing. By Henry W. prejudiced, fair and candid; and effective. we believe that he succeeds bet- ter than many who have written Frost. 12 mo. 174 pp. $1.50. Wheat Magic. Aldo O. Dexter, Adah on the subject. The book is a Richard R. Smith. New York. 1931. L. Kieffer and Margueritte H. Bro.

readable, illuminating report. Christians differ widely in 12 mo. 138 pp. $1.00 cloth, 75 cents paper. Friendship Press. New Russia is a land of paradoxes. their belief in present-day "mi- York. 1931. The government allows her own raculous healing." There are people to starve while millions those who accept the fact of such These very well told stories, of bushels of wheat are shipped healing in apostolic days, but with a meaning, are worth read- abroad; the Soviets rebel against believe that modern medical sci- ing and will prove especially in- bourgeois autocracy while they ence has removed the necessity. teresting to junior boys and establish a dictatorship of the Others believe in "faith healing" girls. They relate to rural life proletariat and practice oppres- to the extent of refusing all med- in many lands-China, Japan, sion that is more despotic than icine; others still deny all heal- Korea, Paraguay, Africa and the rule of the Czar. Russia is ing, past or present, which is not Burma. The second part of the the citadel of Communism and traceable to natural causes. Dr. book suggests practical and at- the aim of the Third Interna- Frost has given us a devout, tractive methods for studying tional is to create disorder in all well-balanced and practical study the rural life and problems of so-called "capitalistic countries." of the subject. He shows the these peopie with the use of the There is a propaganda against teachings of Scripture and the stories and with suggestions for all religion and the leaders j us- conclusions of sane experience. prayer, Scripture, songs, discus- tify any course that will pro- He believes in Divine healing- sions, hand work and other ac- mote the cause of Communism. both with and without the use of tivities. Teachers 0 f j un i 0 r But Russia is earnestly making ordinary means-but he clearly groups will find this study book a great experiment and is aim- warns against false and foolish informing, stimulating and in- ing at a definite goal-to estab- teachings and practice. The teresting to children. Moreover, it is wholly Christian in tone, in for society. There is no such publishing its findings, and enmethod of approach and pur- deavoring to persuade governpose. Read one story and you "Good News" in any other re- ments to control the traffic. The will read others. report also shows widespread ligion or philosophy. Christ is effort, through pamphlets and How Big Is Your World? By John L. schools, to make known the Lobinger. 8 vo. Leaders' Book. unique, sufficient and supreme. harmful effects of opium smok- 75 pp. 85 cents. Students' Book. ing. 70 pp. 60 cents. Pilgrim Press. Altogether this is an excellent Boston. 1931. New Books book. S. M. Z. These studies or projects are Bells of India. Ethel Cody Higginfor young people of high school The Pilgrim Church: Being some ac- bottom. 172 pp. $1.50. Revell. age. The purpose is to enlarge count of the continuance through New York. 1931. their vision and give them an succeeding centuries of churches understanding interest in other practising the principles taught and Dr. Barnardo-The Friend of Chillands and races. The leaders' exemplified in the New Testament. dren. Wesley Bready. 271 pp. book provides suggestions for By E. H. Broadbent. 406 pp. 7s., Revell. New York. 1931. arousing i n t ere s t, directing 6d. Pickering and Inglis. London. study, and recommends sources 1931. The Clinic of a Clerk. W. A. Camof further reading. The stu- eron. 249 pp. $2. Ray Long and dents' book gives general plans Many books reprinted by these R. Smith. New York. 1931. and recommends activities. Most publishers are worth reading. of the pages present source ma- The sub-title of this volume gives The End of Extraterritoriality in terial. The studies are calculated an idea of its general character. China. Thomas F. Millard. 278 pp. to awaken interest rather than In seventeen chapters the author A. B. C. Press. Shanghai. 1931. lead to any definite convictions. sketches the history, teaching This responsibility rests upon and ,influence of such groups as The Friendly Farmers. Gertrude the group leader. the Paulicians and Bogomils, the Chandler Warner and Elizabeth Waldenses and Albigenses, the Harris. 154 pp. $1 cloth, 75 cents Good News. By C. V. Sheatsley, D.D. Lollards, Hussites and United paper. Friendship Press. New 156 pp. $1. The Book Concern. Brethren, before the Reforma- York. 1931. Columbus, Ohio. 1931. tion. Then follows an account of the Anabaptists, the Huguenots, The Moral Crisis in Christianity. Conservative in its theology, the Pietists of Germany, the Justin Wroe Nixon. 1979 pp. $2. timely in its message, and earn- Methodists, Men non i t e sand Harpers. New York. 1931. est in its spirit, this little volume other sects in Russia. The last is a plea for the spreading of the three chapters, on Mr. Groves, On the Edge of the Primeval Forest. Gospel of Jesus Christ among all the Plymouth Brethren and Dar- Albert Schweitzer. 176 pp. $2. classes at home and abroad. It byism, with "conclusions," are Macmillan. New York. 1931. deals with the Gospel as good not as convincing nor as well news, with its language, its con- documented as the earlier chap- The Progress of Worldwide Missions. tent, and appeals for the release ters. An excellent bibliography Robert H. Glover. 418 pp. Ray of this matchless message by and notes give credit to the Long and R. Smith. New York. messengers released from fear, sources upon which the author from sin and from narrow pro- has drawn. His sympathies are Russia in the Grip of Bolshevism. vincialism. with "The Pi I g rim Church" John Johnson. 160 pp. $1.50. rather than with the Holy Cath- Revell. New York. 1931. The author believes in "the olic Church as defined in the liquidation of denominational- creeds of Christendom. Religion Follows the Frontier-A Hisism." We need not all think tory of the Disciples of Christ. alike, but the essentials of our S.M.Z. Winifred Ernest Garrison. 317 pp. message are not in dispute and $2.50. Harpers. New York. 1931. the world will be convinced by Commission of Enquiry into the Cona united testimony. Overlapping trol of Opium Smoking in the Far The Spirit of Piney Woods. Lawrence and jealousy for a church group East. Vol. II. 595 pp. $1.50. C. Jones. $1. Revell. New York. are sins. The emphasis should World Peace Foundation. Boston. 1931. not be first of all on character- 1931. b u i I din g, but on conversion. Wheat Magic. Aldo O. Dexter, Adah There is no real conflict with This exhaustive report of the L. Kieffer and Margueritte H. Bro. science, for spiritual re-creation production, distribution and con- 138 pp. $1 cloth, 75 cents paper. is a greater mystery than physi- trol of opium reveals the serious- Friendship Press. New York. 1931. ness of the situation in Burma, cal creation, and is in a higher Malaysia, the Philippines, For- Why Christian Missions. J. O. Dobrealm. The Gospel of Christ has m 0 s a and foreign – controlled son, 64 pp. Is. Student Christian dynamic for the individual and China. The extent of the evil is Movement Press. London. 1931. very disturbing and the difficul- ties of control are many; it is Young People's Hymnal-For Use in exceedingly encouraging, how- Sunday Schools, Bible Classes and ever, that the League of Nations the Home. Paper cover, words 3d., is making such a careful study, music 3s. Pickering & Inglis. Lon- don. 1931.

Personal Items has been elected President of Wash- Church. For many years he was mis- ington and Jefferson College, Pennsyl- sionary under the auspices of its Dr. John R. Mott has retired from vania. He is an alumnus of Lafayette Woman's Board of Domestic Missions the general secretaryship of the Inter- College, studied theology at Princeton and conducted services for Japanese. national Committee of the Y. M. C. A., Theological Seminary, is an ordained a post which has given him oversight minister and has experience as an *** of the work in thirty-two foreign educator. The new President will aim countries. Frances S. Harmon, news- at scholarship and mental and moral Dr. Ida Kahn, a pioneer Chinese paper publisher of Hattiesburg, Mis- discipline and spiritual ideals. woman in medicine, died in China, acsissippi, has been asked to accept the cording to cable received November office. Obituary Notes 9th by the Woman's Foreign Mission- ary Society of the Methodist Church. The Rev. Dr.'"Ro'"wla'"nd V. Bingham, The Rev. J. W. Vinson, Southern Presbyterian missionary, met death Sixty years ago a sixth daughter General Director of the Sudan Interior Nov. 4 at the hands of Chinese ban- was born in a Chinese home in Kiang- Mission, has recently returned from dits. Mr. Vinson and 300 others were si Province. The baby's horoscope was Great Britain where he spoke in vari- carried off after looting and firing the evil, and the outlook for her was dark ous centers on behalf of the Mission. town of Yanggaigi. indeed, for under such circumstances infanticide was not uncommon. But The Rev. Tho'"ma's" E*. Stevenson, for The daughter of a Chinese preacher two Methodist women from Kiukiang who escaped in the confusion told mis- school appeared on the scene, and one 12 years pastor at Burbank, Calif., has sionaries at Haichow that bandits of them, Miss Gertrude Howe, adopted accepted a call from the Interdenom- pointed rifles at Mr. Vinson and asked the child as her own. She educated inational Council of Los Angeles to him if he were afraid. "If you shoot her in mission schools and brought become the representative of the me I'll go straight to heaven, so I her to America in 1892 with another churches in the remarkable new city am unafraid," Mr. Vinson replied. A brilliant Chinese girl, Mary Stone. springing up on the desert in Nevada, bandit fired at his heart, and the min- Both girls graduated in medicine with known as Boulder City. Over 2,000 ister fell over dead. Later the body high honors at the University of Michmen are now located at Boulder City, was discovered by missionaries and igan. They returned to China, where with some women and children and buried in a tiny cemetery at Haichow they have amply fulfilled their early more are to follow. It will be a co- in the shadow of a Southern Presby- promise. After working together in operative interdenominational work. terian Mission. the Danforth Hospital in Kiukiang, Dr. Kahn responded to a call to Nan- *** *** chang, where the natives provided a The Rev. George K. Lee, former hospital for women and children, of Presbyterian missionary leader in The Rev. Edward Allen Sibley, one which she became the chief, the only China, has just given up the editor- of the pioneer missionaries of t.he trained physician in that populous ship of the Chinese daily morning Sun Protestant Episcopal Church in the city. There she has continued to work in San Francisco to become pastor of Philippine Islands, was killed in a mo- with increasing success and constantly the Chinese Presbyterian Church at tor accident at Tukukan, Philippine widening influence. She was not only Portland, Oregon. Islands on November 1st. Mr. Sibley a skillful doctor and hospital admin- went to the Philippines in 1908 to istrator, but a woman of broad and *** work in what was then the church's fine culture, Oriental and Occidental, newest and least known mission field. and withal a devoted Christian, never Dr. George W. Richards has been happier than in bearing testimonv to elected chairman of the Executive *** her Christian experience. Miss Howe Committee of the Federal Council. He spent her last years in the home of is also secretary of the Interdenom- Rev. Whitford L. McDowell, Re- Ida Kahn, the babe whom she had inational Conference of Theological search Secretary of the Board of rescued. Seminaries in United States and Home Missions and Church Extension Canada. of the Methodist Episcopal Church *** passed away on October 20th. He had *** been connected with the Board for fif- The Rev. Dr. William Martin Baird, Mrs. Ralph B. Kennard has accepted teen years. who has recently completed forty the chairmanship of the Women's years service as a Presbyterian mis- Council of the Federation of Churches *** sionary in Korea, died in Pyengyang Committee to undertake some special on November 29th. Dr. Baird was work in behalf of the foreign students The Rev. E. A. Ohori, a Christian born near Charlestown, Ind., 69 years in Washington, of which there are Japanese, who had been engaged in ago, was graduated from Hanover several hundred. missionary work in New York for the College, Ind., in 1885, and from Mc- Reformed Church in America since Cormick Theological Seminary in 1888. *** 1908, died on Nov. 9th. He was engaged in literary work and Prof. Ralph C. Hutchinson, a Pres- Bible translation and revision, as well byterian missionary, and Dean of the He came to the United States about as church activities. American College at Teheran, Persia, 1900, was graduated from the Theo- logical Seminary, New Brunswick, N. J., and was ordained in the Reformed THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD EDITORIAL COUNCIL REPRESENTS Federation of Women's Boards of Foreign Missions Foreign Missions Conference of North America Council of Women for Home Missions Missionary Education Movement The Student Volunteer Movement Home Missions Council Federal Council of Churches of Christ in America Various Denominational and Independent Boards MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON REV. WM. R. KING, D.D. MRS. E. H. SILVERTHORN REV. A. R. BARTHOLOMEW, D.D. REV. JOHN McDOWELL, D.D. REV.F.C.STEPHENSON,M.D.

REV. ENOCH F. BELL, D.D. MRS. HELEN BARRETT MONTGOMERY REV. JAY S. STOWELL FRANKLIN D. COGSWELL MRS. HENRY W. PEABODY REV. MILLS J. TAYLOR, D.D.

REV. PAUL DE SCHWEINITZ, D.D. REV. WM. P. SCHELL, D.D. FLORENCE G. TYLER REV. S. G. INMAN, D.D. REV. CHARLES H. SEARS, D.D. JESSE R. WILSON

Costs No More THE PRESBYTERIAN MAGAZINE The home land is

1505 R.ce Street, Phll.delphl•• P•• land where Christ is; the x…. • • • 01 your II•• ud .on.y 10 ..nd • y•.,. Ple.sf! send foreign land only that Ions silt ….n • caHI one-II.. lilt- which has rejected Him. $1.5.O00c to.' Only One Dollar N.me………………•………… -John R. Mott. Street………………………… . • • • bul ….Iy nothlns you .Ishl buy could City .nd St.tf! ………………….. . AN UNBROKEN brlnl your friend•• who .here your ….. In sood N.me . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . RECORD worlh whll. r.edlns. .or. pl…ur.bl. .nd Strf!et………………………… . Pf9lltebl. houn Ih.n ••ndln, City .nd St.tf! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • N.me………………………… . The Presbyterian Magazine Street………………………… . No great American Mission Board City ond Stote . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . has ever failed. 10 th.. ONCE A MONTH_praed your No person ever lost a dollar in· X… wl.h 01 heppln_ throush .U th. y••r. SENDER vested in annuities of an American N.me………………………… . Mission Board. Confidential Street . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • • . . . . . . . . . . . Millions of dollars invested in stocks, City .nd St.te . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . bonds and mortgages have been lost. • • • .nd durlns Ih… worrlso… d.ys It …y Why not profit by this bit of history? be your bud,. _lis only so muy doll… o PI e.se send cords. Reinvest your funds in annuity agree· beln. sp.nl on X…. sllts-th.n YOU ••y s.nd ments of the Methodist Mission the Mesuln. EIGHT MONTHS In…ed 01 Boc!rds. tw.ly•• for Annuities are not affected in any way by c!n increase or decrec!se in Only Fifty Cents missionary collections. Ample reserve funds guarantee all Can you Snd • b.H.. buy? payments.

$2 Worth For $11 For Inlor..ellon eddr…. MORRIS W. EHNES. Tre.surer. Bo.rd of THE BIBLE TODAY•• condensed. popul'!!1 pertinent f!v.ngelistic m.g.zlne. published by the N.tion.1 Bible Institute. 340 West 55d1 Street. New York. will be sent to Forei~n Missions of the M.thodist Episco- p.1 Church. 150 Fifth Avenue. N.w York. You .Rd • friend for W. J. ELLIOTT, Tr••sur.r. Bo.rd of Home Missions .nd Church Extension of the ONE YEAR FOR ONE DOLLAR Methodist Eplscopol Church. 1701 Arch (Regul.r subscription price $1.00 • yeor) Str••t. Phil.delphi•• P•.• or Special offer from November 15, 1931, to January is, 1932 START THE NEW YEAR RIGHT DON O. SHELTON. LL.D.• Editor Join thousc!nds of satisfied Somf! of the not.ble .rtlcles esped.lly written for THE BIBLE TODAY to be published during 1931.1932 readers of America's oldest periodical-The Missionary "How 10 Grow. Soul." by the REV. DR. JAMES BLACK. P.stor of Free St. Georges. Edinburgh. Herald. Old in name only "WhSoeftcotRhtele.pnBrdels.beln.toHti•v•e•M• W••.nslhIinnsMt2yn.lDIl. .C". and still reporting Mission by DR. JAMES S. MONTGOMERY. Chapl.in of the Housf! events from the cross-rollds of . the world. The official organ "Th. M.n Who Wenl loSe. Whet H. Could Se…. by MELVIN G. KYLE. president of the Xenl. of the American Board of Theologic.1 Semlnory. Commissioners for Foreign "I".sln. Ih. Blbl…. by AMOS R. WELLS. Honor.ry Editor of the "Chrlstl.n Ende.vor World:' Missions, presenting monthly the work abroad of the And Mor. lhea Forly Oth.r Insplrlns. F.lth·lIr.nalh.nlns M….s.s Congregational and Chrjstian Churches. A Special Combination Offer THE BIBLE TODAy ••••••••••••••••••.•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• S1.00 } Bolh 52.75 We invite requests for THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD …………………….. 2.50 Sey.75c sample copies or. your sub· scription at $1.00 per year. Addr… your ord.n 10 .lth.r ollc. THE MISSIONARY HERALD "Th. Bible Tod.y" "Th. Mls.lon.ry R.yl.w ollh. World" 14 Beacon Street 340 West 55th Street. New York. N. Y. 156 Fifth Avenue. New York. N. Y. Boston, Mass.

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THE KING'S BUSINESS (Th·:"Sv~·j~:n~·~:~·) WILLIAM P. WHITE, D.O., Editor PASTORSd·EACHERS. CHURCH .L.I Ih. R.ed.n Sp.ek for Th.msely•• wORKER5- "I u.e the H.lps elloa.lh.r In studylns my Sundey Look .t this porti.1 list of contents: School Lenon." Pr.senl.D.y FulSU..enl 01 Prophecy "II Is sound In doclrln••nd Is Sne In Ib .xposltlon World events In the Ilsht 01 Scripture. 01 d••p .plrltuel truth•." Crumbs Irom Ih. Klnl'. T.ble "Ib "'Icl.. on prophecy.,. Insplrlna In Ih••• Rich Bible truths by the editor. troublous lime•." Conlrlbuled Arllcl.s "W. Sad Ihel 'Th. Klns'. Bu.ln…' ….b Ih. By outst.ndin.s..Chrlstl.n le.ders. n••d. 01 the pr•••nl dey. W. cennol do Hem 10 Heerl With Our Youns R.ed.rs without II."

Interestine: stories with a message. "I k••p ell ..y copi•• lor r.ference." 'nlem.tlon.1 L.non Commentary A thorough tre.tment of the S. S. Lessons.

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""'iii:OOO Ready to go HEAT Helping to send Giving sacriAc:ally Praying faithfully Informed Giving systematically Praying definitely Spasmodic interest Occasional information Giving something Praying formally Indifferent Uninformed Non-c:ooperating Criticizing without knowledge or sympathy Antagonistic: to Christ's Program THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD will help ,alse your spiritual temper.ture to Christ's stand.rd

The Missionary Review of the World — March 1931

H. W. MY)jJHS O~' KOBE, WHO LED '!'OYOHIKO KAGAWA TO

to Foreign Missions PAY YOU A LIFE INCOME You can make a generous gift to foreign mis- Now ••• sions and have a needed income for yourself and others from the money you give by the 1/0" c"n Vi8it HONOLULU Annuity Gift Plan "nd 8till • •• This plan relieves you of uncertainty and worry caused by changing values of invested funds and assures you a fixed income of 4t% to 9% per year for the rest of your life A reserve fund of over $1.500.000 guarantees EMPRESS" the prompt payment of annuities to you. You need no longer choose between vis- Protect yourself against loss through iting Honolulu or traveling Empress. Em- unwise investments and at the same time press of Canada and the new 23-knot helP send the gospel to aU the world. Empress of Japan, the Pacific's'1ast-word- in-luxury" giantesses sail via Honolulu Foy full iwormatiou 'Write from Vancouver (rail-to-ship connections) Erneat F. Ho.lI~ Secr:etary~ Dept. of Annuitie. and Victoria. Los Angeles and San Fran- cisco passengers connect at Honolulu. On BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS tbe Speedway route are Empress of Asia, of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. Empress of Russia,. favorite ~tcommuter'J' liners, direct express to Yokohama. 156 Fifth Avenue, New York AVOID THIS MISFORTUNE "I know of no one more deserving • • • DOl#) ··Empress~' l::.hln of sympathy than a woman with limited resources, without children to advise The Empress fleet, comprising the iargest, her, without business experience, sud- fastest liners on the Pacific, now offers denly left a widow and compelled to "Empress" Cabin. Travelers in the Mission settle an estate." field find spaciousness and comfort exactly suited to their desires. Expertly cheI'd cui- Who will be her advisor? sine., service ~~ of the Orient" are welcome Who will share her troubles and re- attentions. Community of interests in "Em- sponsibilities? press" Cabin makes them even more enjoy- Who will provide for her in case of able. Naturally, on all Empresses, First loss of principal? Class. Also "Tourist" and "Third."

This can all be avoided by investing Information. reservations from your I your savings in Annui~y Agreements Agent or Canadian Pacific. New York, Chicago, Montreal. and 32 other cities in of the Methodist Mission Boards. U. S. and Canada.

I For further illformation write: CANADIAN PACIFIC •. TO TO MORRIS W. EHNES, Treasurer, Board of Foreign Missions of the Methodist ORi€nr Episcopal Church, 150 Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y., or W. J. ELLIOTT, Treasurer. Board of Home Missions and Church Extension of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 1701 Arch St., Philadelphia Pa.

World's Oreatest Tra … el S .._te.

Please mention THB MISSIONARY RmVlllIW OF THE WORLD in writin2: to advertisers. THE MISSIONARY PERSONALS REVIEW OF THE WORLD MISS FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, who has been for some years the efficient secre- DELAVAN IJ. PIERSON, Editor tary of the Council of Women for Home Missions is retiring from this office May CONTENTS-March, 1931 1st. She has also rendered valuable service as editor of the Woman's Home Page Mission Bulletin of the REVIEW. The Home Mission cause will suffer for Miss l"RON'l'JSPIECE •…•. H. W. MYERS AND Quinlan's retirement from offil;ial re- sponsibility for the work but her active A JAPANESE A~TI-CnRISTIAN EDICT interest and service will continue.

1a1Vg,.J,ING CIIRJWr IN .TAPAN …••. _ .. .. * • • , • . . . • • .• …. TOYOHIKO I{AOAW A 16a DR. CHARLES R. WATSON, President of the American University at Cairo, 1I1ISSlOXARY HADllUS FOn INDIA .,. has been appointed by the Egyptian Gov- • ••••••…•..•. l!lLIZABETH G. LEWIS 169 ernment, a member of a special Com- sion on Education to work out a national 'l'IIE PLACE OE' HEAVENLY HEAL'l'H program of education. This represents ••…..•..•••….. AMY CARUICHAEL 172 an important change of policy in the Egyptian Government, to have a non- TJ-IE PRODIGAL SON AMONG RELI- official, especially a foreigner, appointed GIONS . . . . . . . . • BA",eEL 11. ZWEMER 1711 on any Government Commission.

DO PUEBLO INDIANS SPEAK JAP- ANESE? •.•.•… A. J. un MONTGOM:ffiRY DISCUSSION OF WORLD – WIDE 11IS- * SIONS AT ATLANTIC CITY •….. ••••••••••••••••• • GEORGE H. TRULL 183 THE REV. JAMES L. BARTON, D.D., has RELIGIOUS EDUCATION IN HOME handed over to the government of Greece MISSION MOUNTAIN SCHOOLS .,. • ..•……… MRS. VERNER O. EARLY 187 the orphanage and,pavilion for tubercular WII~ ~ !.~':. .~:~~ .~H?S~?~~ ';i,;,vEi",,,,, 1ti1 children, which were the last of the in- 'rHREE CROSSIilR IN ANOOI,A •…..•• stitutions established and maintained in ••••••• ,,' •••••••.• JOHN '1'. rrUCKNR Hl3 IX THE DO)'lINICAN Rl<!PUBI,IC ….. that country by the Near East Relief. ~ IL • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Jj' . •TOlIXSO:-l lUil >- Few American philanthropies have had E:DIA D. CUSIUIAX 01,' KONIA ….. . a more remarkable development from •••••••.•••….••.••… ,V. '1' . 1;JL1.1S 1n7 small beginnings, a wiser and more con- A COLO~lBIAN ~'ItgETHINKER . . . . . . . • •••••••••••••• ALEXA~DER M. ALLAN 198 structive administration, and a more A PAs'rOll WITH A WORLD-WIDE MIN- satisfactory completion of their special ISTRY ………… ltOHERl' g. SPEhlR 200 responsibilities than the Near East Re- 'rOPICS OF THE THIES ………••••. 201 lief. It will go down in history as a CLOUDS WITH A SILVER LINUW magnificent demonstration of practical AFTER THE LONDON ROUND TABLE CO~­ goodwill.. .. * • ll~ERENCE-'VHAT ? SIR WILLIAM WANLESS, a retired mis- 'THE SEED BED O~' IIAPPI NESS sionary of the Presbyterian Board of For- eign Missions, who spent 39 years of METHODS ~'OR WORKERS ………. . active medical service in Miraj, india, is •••••• EDITED BY MRS. Jj….. I. JOHNHON 205 endeavoring to secure funds for a tuber- WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN MIS- culosis sanitorium. The Bombay Christian Council, representing the Indian constit- SION BULLETIN •.•………….. 213 uency, and 30 missionary organizations in India, have decided to build Buch a WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK .•……….. 219 tuberculosis sanitorium in the Deccan de- BOOKS WORTH R1MDING …….•…. 235 signed to meet the needs of all sufferers TFJRMR.-$2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of from this disease without regard to caste five.) Foreign postage, 50 cflnts. Single copies, 25 cents. Published monthly. Copyrighted, or creed. It is to be called the Wanless 1031, by ~.[ISSION'RY REVIEW I)C"ln.ISHI!~a COlI· Tuberculosis Sanitorium.

1".:-Y, l:.;c. All rights l'PsprYed.

THE MIS::;WNARY IUJVnJW PUBLISHING *** CO~lPAN¥, he. GEORGE SHERWOOD EDDY was recently lloRERT E. Rl>Fl~R, PrC-'~idcut guest of honor at a testimonial dinner "rILf,IAM 1. CHAllBERI~AfN, Vice-l't'esident tendered by the General Board of the National Council Young Men's Christian DELAVAN L. PIERSO);, Secretary Association, which he has served for 'WAL-fER ~IC})Ol'GALI•• ']'rcasurcr thirty-seven years. Dr. Eddy has re- tired as secretary for Asia but he an- Publication Office, 3d & Reily Sts., Harrisburg, nounced that he would continue his evan- Pn. 25c n copy. $2.50 a year. gelical work.

Etlitorial nntI BUf.li1WRA Office, 150 Fifth AV(,Ilue, *** New York City DR. CHARLES S. MACFARLAND, for Entere.d as Rf'COllU-claAB matter at the Post twenty years Senior General Secretary Office, IInrriRhnTgo, Pn" llndf'f Aet of MaTrh 3, 1870. of the Federal Council of Churches of COME TO Christ in America was retired and is KENNEDY SCHOOL now Secretary Emeritus. OF MISSIONS .. .. * New missionary apartments add to THE REV. JASHWANT RAG CHITAMBAR, advantages of preparing at Hartford M.A., D.D., principal of Lucknow Chris- for world service. Affiliation of tian College, has been elected Bishop of College of Missions, Hartford Thethe Methodist Episcopal Church by the ological Seminary and School of Central Conference of Southern Asia. Religious Education. Exceptional library of 200,000 volumes. Large * * .. collections in Chinese and Arabic. Students from many lands. Courses MRS. HOWARD WAYNE SMITH, admin- in English Bible, Religious Educaistrative vice-president of the Woman's tion, Rural Evangelism. Degrees Baptist Foreign Mission Society, was M.A., S.T.M., Ph.D. Specially able elected president of the Federation of Chinese department. Catalog. Women's Boards of Foreign Missions at the recent annual meeting. Mrs. Smith E. W. CAPEN, Ph.D., Dean, Hartford, Connecticut has served for a number qf years on its executive committee. HARTFORD ** THE REV. HUGH VERNON WHITE, of Stockton, California, has accepted a call from the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, to a secretaryship in its Home Department. Mr. White's work will be primarily along educational lines, interpreting the spirit of modern missions to the churches and the public.

OBITUARIES THE REV. DR. ROBERT S. DONALDSON, Seminary Foundation secretary for Promotion of the Presbyterian Board of National Missions, New RobbinsWolcottBarstow,D.D.,President York, died on Friday, February 6th, after six months' illness. He was fifty Church, resigning to go to California years old, having been born in Hastings, as president of Occidental College. Minnesota, in 1881. After Dr. Donaldson was graduated from Princeton and *** the McCormick Theological Seminary he was pastor of a church in Milwaukee and MRS. EMMA MOTT WHITTEMORE, who, then served as superintendent of Na- many years ago opened the first Door tional Missions in California. From of Hope for unfortunate girls, died at there he was called to New York to be- her home in New York on January 1st, come secretary of Promotion of the Na- at eighty years of age. More than sixty tional Board. homes, bearing the same name, have "peen' opened' in various parts of the * * .. world, including Shanghai, China. Mrs. Whittemore delighted in visiting these DR. THOMAS C. WINN, a member of homes, praying for them, and aiding Presbyterian Mission in Japan since them in other ways. 1877, died at Kanazawa on Sunday, February 8th. Dr. Winn was born in Flem- * .. .. ington, Georgia, and was graduated from Amherst in the Class of 1873 and from THE REV. DR. CHARLES NEWTON LATHthe Union Theological Seminary in 1877. ROP, Executive Secretary of the depart- A son, the Rev. George H. Winn, of ment of Christian Social Service of the Seoul, and a daughter, Mrs. Walter C. Protestant Episcopal Church, died at Erdman, of Pyeng Yang, are mission- San Francisco, where he attended a Dio· aries in Chosen. cesan Convention, January 30th.

** * DR. HENRY K*ING* CA*RROLL, religious DR. JOHN WILLIS BAER, 70 years old, statistician, died on January 21st, of banker, educator and prominent in the pneumonia, in North Plainfield, N. J. Dr. Presbyterian Church, died suddenly of Carroll, was 82 years old. He was the heart disease at Pasadena on February author of a number of books on religious 8th. He was born on a farm near Ro- subjects, and later years prepared anchester, Minnesota, the son of a Hunga· DUal statistics on all religious demoninarian immigrant. From 1890 to 1900 he tions in the United States. He was born traveled throughout the world organiz- in Dennisville, Cape May County, N. J., ing Christian Endeavor societies as gen- on Nov. 15, 1848, was graduated from eral secretary of the international or- Syracuse University and he served in ganization. From 1900 to 1906 he was the Civil War. From 1876 to 1898 he assistant secretary of the Board of Home Missions of the Presbyterian (Concluded on thil'd cover.) Plpfise mention THE :MISSION' ,RY REVIEW OF THE WORl,D in writinii to advertisers. Dr. Myers is holding an anti-ChristIan edict board, now in his possession, containing a notice posted in 'May, 1683. It reads in part: "".rhe Christian religion is strictly forbidden. Hewards of 500 pieCes of silver will be given those reporting suspected persons. Those concealing Christians wfll be severely punished"-Slgned, THE GO'ERXOR.

LIV, No.3 March,1931

THE MISSIONARY Of tae REVEALING CHRIST IN JAPAN* BY TOYOHIKO KAGAWA, Tokyo, Japan Chri8tian Ap08tle to the Slums; author of "Love. the Law of Life," etc.

I T IS a great privilege to give If a Christian missionary had testimony to Christ. To believe not come to Japan I would never in God and to know the love of have seen God. When I was fifteen God are two different things. Many I was a very lonesome boy, and people in Japan and in China be- lived a most sorrowful life. Many lieve in God, but they do not under- Americans and English people ask stand the love of God as revealed me why Christianity is needed in in Jesus Christ. That is a great Japan when we already have good revelation. religions. My very existence shows In the nineteenth century some the reason why.

scholars wanted to make Christi- I was brought up in a Buddhist anity very simple, but they overlooked the meaning of the Cross. family. My father was private sec- Harnack claimed that "there are retary to the Privy Council of the two kinds of Christianity, primary and secondary. The first is the Emperor, one of the high officials Christianity of Jesus, which is of the Government. He kept many merely the Fatherhood of God and concubines. His first wife had no the brotherhood of man. Secondary children. The second wife was a Christianity is Pauline, and con- dancing girl, and had many chilsists of Christ-idolatry." This Har- dren. I am one of them and was nack rejects, calling it Paul's Chris- adopted as a legitimate child. But tianity. Harnack wants to strip my father's first wife never loved off the meaning of the Cross, which me. I was taken to a cold ice-frozen Paul emphasizes. This is a great home where I wept day and night. mistake. There is only one Chris- If, later, I had not been able to find tianity, the Christianity crystal- God, I believe that I would have lized in the manifestation of God's been ruined. love on the Cross. The Cross is central to Christianity, because My father believed in Confucius. there the love of God is manifested. There was Buddhism also, and In Japan we are tired of doctrines, Shintoism, in my home, but no puribut we are hungry for the love re- ty. I was sent to a Buddhist temple vealed in the Cross. to memorize Confucian doctrines, but I was afraid to read those ~ddreS" to missionaries, Mokanshan, Ja- books because I thought that if I grew up I would probably follow pan, July 27, 1930. the steps of my father and brother.

165

"Be a saint! Be a gentleman!" might not have found Christ.

those books kept repeating. But Through Dr. Myers' kindness I there was neither saint nor gentle- learned to love and admire Christ.

man anywhere near me by whom When I suffered from tuberculosis, I might pattern my life. My broth- my Japanese friends did not love er brought home six or seven gei- me. They might catch it. There- sha girls at one time, and at eleven fore I had to live an isolated, sim- I had to go to school from what ple life. But Dr. Myers loved me seemed like a house in the licensed and slept with me three nights in quarter, though it was my uncle's the same bed, without any fear of own home. tuberculosis. Soon after that I went When the Spirit of God came in- into the slums of Kobe, and there to my life my eyes were opened. practised the love with which Dr.

When I memorized those simple Myers had loved me.

verses in Luke 12: 27-31, "Con- The translation, or manifesta- sider the lilies, how they grow," it tion, of Christianity, is not simply was inspiration to me! Through preaching. True love never fails.

Jesus Christ I found the Truth; I The love of Christ will win the found the life; I found the Way to world. I am not afraid of perse- become holy, to be godly. I found cution for such love is greater than that Christianity fills out and sup- persecution.

plements the teaching of Confucius Two hundred and fifty years ago and the teaching of Buddha. Hav- Francis Xavier came to Japan and ing studied all the systems of phi- through his influence five hundred losophy in the Orient and in the thousand became Christians. Then West, I have noticed that the teach- persecution came and lasted for ings of Confucius and of Buddha more than fifty years. The war are not founded on belief in God. lords thought that they could stamp Socrates and Plato never touch out Christianity, but when sixty God. Only Jesus Christ gives us the years ago the Emperor's govern- wonderful evidence of the love of ment declared religious freedom, God. And not only this but He twenty-five thousand Christians ap- taught us how to obtain the power peared around Nagasaki.

to practise. To some this is so fa- When Protestant Christian mismiliar that they forget the blessing. sionaries came to Japan seventy- For me it was a new experience. I one years ago they came from had passed through the valley of Shanghai, Dr. Guido F. Verbeck solitude. I was a son of tears. Now among them. It was a reactionary the sunshine is gleaming through period and there was persecution. the clouds. Therefore I began to The first thirteen Christians in Y0live up to the life of the Cross. kohama were afraid that they When I was twenty-two I went would be hanged. They had a to live in the slums, remaining prayer meeting, expecting to be there fourteen years and eight in heaven the next day. They said, months. It was not only the Bible "We shall be arrested. Weare sons which taught me the love of God of knights and we are ready to die in Christ, and led me to take this for the Cross." That night a mes- step. It was a missionary, Dr. H. senger came from Tokyo saying, W. Myers, of Kobe, who baptized "No persecution will come." But me. If he had not come to Japan I even to this day Christians are

1!J31] RI<:VEALING CHRIST IN JAPAN

persecuted in Japan, where Bud- To the Japanese newspapers it is dhism is strong. axiomatic that Christianity is com- mon sense. Daily papers with over But today the tide has changed. a million circulation publish arti- Hundreds give testimony that cles on Christianity every day with- Christians are the best citizens. out any hesitation. Although the Hara and Takahashi, two prime anti-Christian Soviet movement is ministers, have been Christians, strong in Japan, the idealistic and the wives of many cabinet Christian movement is stronger prime ministers have come from yet. Thousands of humble believ- Christian families. Many cabinet ers in the villages give testimony to the love of Christ. ministers, men at court, great educators, and great scientists in Ja- They also tell stories about the pan are Christians. The tide has love shown by the missionaries. changed.

'I'HE KAGAWA SElT'.rI,BAmN'l'. TOKYO-A CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION AND HOSTEL During the past two and one-half Recently, when Dr. Hail, of Wakayears I have been spending most of yama, died the Osaka Mainichi, a my time in preaching the Gospel of newspaper with a circulation of Christ to audiences numbering al- over a million, published his life together about six hundred thou- story. He had lived a most simple sand in various parts of Japan. life in Wakayama fifty years, and During this period I have received had refused to leave his post. Many decision cards from about forty great novelists and educators had thousand people. Not only do many been baptized by him. He lived on want to become Christians but Jap- Japanese food (which is worse anese Christians are supporting than Chinese food), and travelled their own churches. Though pov- through the mountains on foot. His erty-stricken and few in number, influence stilI remains. Many other the Japanese Christians raise two missionaries are doing wonderful million yen annually for Christian work. Everybody in Shinshu knows church work. Dr. Daniel Norman, of Nagano.

Governors of the province change, the time of the Roman Emperors, but Norman has· been there thirty but Christians were not afraid to years. They say that there are go down to the catacombs and pray three notable things in that Prov- there. When the bandits came from ince, and one of them is Norman! the north and crushed the Roman Everybody loves him. Many write Emperor, the Church remained. stories about him. One day a village boy saw him and said, "Here's "Love never faileth." The rea foreigner!" But another boy cor- ligion of Jesus Christ is not a surected him quickly: "No, he's not perstition. He belongs to eternity. a foreigner! He is Dr. Norman!" Only Jesus Christ and His Cross They have forgotten that he is a will win the Orient. Some may Canadian. The influence of his life think the Cross is a foolish thing is Christianity. In his district I but the time of victory will come. found thousands of young men who For Christianity to conquer the wante~ tQ. become Christians, be- Roman Empire took three cencause Norman is there. turies. It will take time to win Ja- pan openly to believe in Christ, and Do not 'be discouraged. If you many more centuries may be needinfluence only. afew in the villages, ed to win China. Let us be couraand love them in the spirit of the geous and give testimony to the Cross, you will succeed. Christian- love of God as revealed in Jesus ity suffered three hundred years in Christ and His death for us.

Dr. Kagawa ill front of his '."Two-lUat Palace," a six-fed square room where he Jived. for eixteen years in his effort to r~clflim for Chris.t the men, .women nnd c;hildrcll ?f the .K?be slums. He is now forty-two years of age and 18 a Jeader III the campaIgn to Wlll a IlllllJOll. Bouls to Christ In three years.

SADHVS FOR

BY ELIZABETH G. LEWIS, M.D., AMBALA CITY, PANJAB, INDIA Missionar}1 of th e P rc{J ',yt cdal1 Church, U. S, A., 1915- N OTHING SO surely attracts to drink, so India, searching for the attention of men and God, is unable to receive as true women in India, and holds the message of Christ the Saviour.

their interest as completely as that One reason is that the message which promises them a glimpse of comes in western dress. Mission God, or that promises to bring hospitals from the Occident are in- them nearer to the fulfillment of troduced and try to teach them the their desire to know God. We be- way of physical health. Mission lieve that this is true the world over. Even in materialistic Ameri- ca, a minister with a truly God- given message and the spirit of Jesus Christ, wins a large hearing; a drama showing God's love for humanity draws a full house and devotional books and the Bible are more in constant demand than any other book.

American men and women seem to be looking for an easy way of finding God, for though they rec- ognize Him as the Pearl of Great Price, few are willing to sell their motor cars, their good times, their energy and their leisure hours to obtain the Jewel. They may know the "Way" but they seek a more pleasing avenue of approach. RADHU SUNDAR SING II- AS HE WAS In India as the long procession of "holy men" file by, they seem, schools with western methods of of all men, most willing to pay any education drill them in Bible verses price for salvation. Their homes, and teach them to speak English.

their families, their physical com- Mission churches introduce hymns forts, their appetites appear to with foreign tunes and pews where have been laid on the altar of their they are asked to sit, church life desire to know God. But THE is organized by western methods. WAY they know not. Christian Many Indians have found God missionaries who have faith and through these agencies and Indian are actuated by a desire to pro- Christians are pushing forward to claim that Christ is the Way and the consciousness that the Gospel the only Way, find in India a great of Jesus Christ, ungarnished by yearning but a yearning that is western civilization and presented balked by a great ignorance and in an Indian manner makes a bigotry. Like the victim of lock- greater appeal to India.

jaw who, craving water, is unable We missionaries are asking for 169

a method of preaching the Gospel and prayer. That Christian Sadhu, that will prove more effective than Sundar Singh, used to walk through that used in the past. We realize the villages dressed in his simple how much time is given up to cleri- saffron robe which bespoke him a cal duties, to executive work, to man of God, preaching and teach- routine procedures – all good, all ing. He sat in his Ashram at Sa- seemingly necessary-but there is batu in the hills gathering in- Christ to be preached so that He quirers about him and was greatly will draw men to Himself. That loved by all Indians who knew him.

is most essential. A European, His influence still lives and mis- preaching in the bazaar attracts a sionaries may well learn a valuable crowd interested in his western lesson from him.

trousers, his coat and his big solar· It seems impractical for health topi. There is nothing about him and other reasons, for missionaries to suggest that he is speaking of from the west to adopt Indian the things of God and the Way of dress and manner of life as a habit.

Salvation. For all they know he Some have tried this and have may be talking politics, village up- found it unfruitful, but would it lift or a new educational system. not be well for them periodically Their holy m'en are distinguished to leave their routine duties in hos- from other men by dress and man- pital, school or district and, putting ner of living. They walk from on the simple, modest attire of a village to village. They talk un- Christian sadhu or sadhni, take hurriedly with men about their staff in hand and mingle with the holy books under trees, by river people, with the single unhurried sides or wherever quiet reigns. purpose of preaching Christ Jesus, They gather in retreats. They hide the divinely revealed Way, the themselves in solitude, They seek Truth and the Life ? We believe God in meditation and in separa- that Indian people would welcome tion from the world. This foreign them with a new understanding.

Sahib preaching in the bazaar, will They might be able to forget that stand talking for an hour or two these men and women are foreign, and then he will hurry away to his with strange ways, and might see western home to have dinner with them only as Christians with the his wife and children. He has no Way of Salvation in their hearts.

leisure to stop and chat with this There might thus be time for many one or that one who may have talks under the sacred pipal trees, questions to ask. Of course one along the roadside and at even in might seek him in his bungalow. the homes into which they had been If he happened to be in his daftar invited. Two or three weeks a he would be kind and courteous year spent in this way would, we and willing to give advice. But by believe, be fruitful of spiritual re- tomorrow the impulse to ask ques- suIts. Is it not worth the experi- tions may have faded and other ment?

matters will have absorbed the This way of working might not mind. be so easy for the missionary, of It is a temptation to every mis- course. There would be physical sionary to be busy and anxious discomforts from excessive heat, about many things, and to have absence fro m electric fans, and little time for the quiet t a I k s 0 m e chilly nights spent under

MISSIONARY SADHUS FOR INDIA

quilts far from clean. There might today is such that no one can surbe greater danger of disease from mise what tomorrow will bring. vermin, from mosquitoes, from im- India is rapidly coming to h a v e pure food. But would it not be a strong national conscience and worth while to put faith in God there will be radical changes in Who has promised to walk by our government. The Indian Chrisside and share the perils? tian Church has reached her ado- lescence and is claiming her adult The idea is not new. Some few power. There is an expressed demissionaries have gone out as sire to control the entire foreign Christian Sadhus and some are do- m iss ion work and one of the ing this very thing today. They points most stressed by Christian Indian leaders is that the foreign may have valuable advice to give. missionary should do more preach- But this plan has not been put into ing in the villages, unaided by paid practice to any large extent. There Indian workers. The Indians are is perhaps a feeling that those few idealists; and perhaps visualize an India brought to Christ by the who have tried it are a little fanat- power of the Word of God preached ical or not quite normal. It is by Christian Sadhus, Indian and worthy of consideration. Better foreign. The thought is an arrest~ and more productive methods in ing one. As one visualizes those mission work are being demanded millions of people, living in vilby the Church at home and by the lages, and pictures the coming of Christian Indians on the field. If a Christian Sadhu to preach, to every missionary would consecrate teach, to raise up a little group of even one or two weeks each year Christians, who will remain in the from his routine duties for this village and to volunteer Christian kind of service, a flood of Christian service while the Sadhu goes on teaching wit h a new dynamic to another and then another vilmight be poured over the land and lage, the mind races ahead to a fuwe believe that, with God's help, ture where India has indeed bethe new day for India, for which come Christian. we are all hoping and praying, would be hastened in its coming.

The political condition of India A Japanese student said: "The strange thing about Jesus is that one cannot get away from Him." There is something in Christ which pursues us, something in His teachings that will not let us alone; something that makes us feel ill at ease when we disobey His commands; that demands decision when we face Him. His religion is the simplest and at the same time the most difficult religion in the world. It is the simplest because it deals with the familiarities of life. It reveals the significance and the meaning of these experiences. It is the most difficult religion in the world because it asks us to attempt the hardest tasks. It challenges us to try the impossible. And because it is at the same time the simplest and the most difficult religion in the world that it is hard to escape Jesus. The simplicity of His religion commands our admiration; the difficulty challenges our discipleship.

BENJAMIN F. FARBER.

PLACE OF HEAVENLY HEALTH AT

THE PLACE OF HEAVENLY HEALTH BY AMY CARMICHAEL, Dohnavur, India Lord Jesus, of the wounded hand, It was months before we saw our way. The group of Hindus who And wounded foot, and side and owned the fields which were perfect brow, . for our purpose, asked a fancy price. Each owner had to be apo come in saving power, command . Thy great salvation now.

Lord Jesus of the wounded hand, proached separately. There were And love's long bitter agony, other difficulties. The inertia of centuries, the inevitable feuds of Healer of souls, the dead command village life, an unwillingness to To wake and live in Thee. have a force for Christ planted so This prayer is often sung in the near a Hindu village which refuses House of Prayer at Dohnavur to allow a Christian to live in its while an operation is going on in streets-and back of all, the devil, the little operating theater belong- who certainly does not want us ing to the home hospital. Some- there–these influences pulling totimes a group will stand outside gether made a strong combination. the room and sing quietly in Eng- But God is stronger than any comlish or Tamil or both. bine, and the matter ended thus: one by one those who had asked the On January 20, 1928, we, as a highest prices, or refused to sell at Fellowship, were pledged to step all, came to us, proposing a fair out into deep water in connection price. The man at the center alone with our medical work. Joshua 3: 15 was our word then. It is true held out, and again the word apstill that Jordan overflows its peared to be to dip our feet in the banks; it did so in the days that water, which meant just then, begin followed January 20th. And it is to build and trust our God to deal true that the feet of the priests with that one refusal. And He did. must be dipped into the water be- The man dropped suddenly to the fore it opens into a way. There is fair price we had offered at first, such a thing as going on without and the way cleared before us. But seeing how you are going to get greater than any call for faith anywhere, except to the river bot- about the land was that the word tom. came to buy the land before the 1'12 new work had its leader. Then, and all to reach. Was it because people not for the first time in this work, at home heard chiefly of the suc- we have proved the word is true, cess of the South, of crowds swept "For the web begun, God finds the into the visible church, of the vil- thread." When the feet of the lages clamouring for teachers? Was priests rest in the waters those it that they had not ever really un- waters are divided and it is possi- derstood that there is still in the ble to go on. Before the last field South a fort entirely shut against was bought we were shown how, us, and more than one such fort?

while we waited, God had worked. The castes who own the great tem- He had prepared for us one ready ples of the South are still Hindu to to use the material we had to offer: the core. These who are hardest to one who could "forge a team," and win for Christ are not being won.

lead it on. Nor have they the least desire to be On a beautiful evening some won. They are either antagonistic years ago a group of young chil- or indifferent. As we looked upon dren, and the sister of one of our the plain, now in shadow, and Fellowship, stood with me in a high thought of the pain that we knew place overlooking the plain. It was was there, hidden away in little sunset time'; the air was full of shut-up rooms in little shut-up golden lights, and the mountains to towns, and of the need of those the west were violet against rose. Christless hearts, the need of which As we looked over the plain, we they were so unaware, it was as if could see many clusters of trees, there came into our view a Place of each telling of a village; to east Healing, furnished with all that and south and north we saw temple was required for the help of the towers; behind one little conical people, and we saw the work of the hill lay a small Moslem fortress. place led on by one in whom were At that time no Gospel preach- the instincts and convictions and ing was allowed in the streets of the glad abandon of the spiritual that Mohammedan town. When we pioneer; and the long patience, for came to this part of the district the some of the things that we saw as Brahman streets of all the near we looked were new, and the new places were closed to Christians., needs infinite patience. The place We had won an entrance, but no was served by a company some- Christian lived in anyone of those thing like the early Franciscans in towns or ever had lived there, nor their happiness and love. They does one live there to this day. were lovers of their Lord and serv- Those Hardest To Reach ants of His sick; they loved one another fervently, and money had We thought of those people, so no power over them.

unapproachable, so unwilling to be Such a group may have been approached. We remembered the formed elsewhere; India is a great northern frontier of India, and word. But we knew nothing of it, how medical workers had opened and we had seen nothing anywhere doors shut to all others; and we except in the pages of our New wondered why in the South there Testament to give us hope that was no medical mission in this part such a thing could be. But it was of British India, specially bent on there, and so why should it not be reaching those who are hardest of here? That evening was not the

first time the hope of a Place of leaving it to our comrades who are Healing served in this way had in sympathy and give help, but in come. It had been forming slowly very deed we wait on God ourselves and surely. But that evening we and live the life of prayer.

put it into words, wrote it in our We need this life for our children log book, signed our names, and be- who are being prepared to be co- gan to watch and earnestly to work workers. From nurseries and towards this good thing. schools are coming girls and boys Years passed. "If the vision trained to do everything however menial, as India uses the word, for tarry, wait for it; it will surely love of their Lord Jesus. Our doccome, it will not tarry," was the word when, again and again, it was tors will carryon the new work in delayed. Now, at last we see the the spirit which has guided the old, fulfilment. It is here that we need "according to the pattern shown in the prayer of those who under- the Mount." And the pattern is stand. We need it for ourselves, that of the Indian family, where for if there is to be the continual the sons and daughters do not flow of the stream of healing en- measure their services by hours or ergies, for soul and for body, we by rupees, but each works for love must go on to learn much of the of the common purpose which holds deeper things of prayer. them together. Each member of such a family contributes accord- We read that our Lord left the ing to the gifts given, each gives crowds of sick, and went away to pray. When He returned, power for love's sake. None are high, none was with Him to heal. Again we are low, all are one in our Lord read of time taken from work for prayer, and then-"Power came Jesus. This pattern has been proved forth from Him, and healed them possible, though very difficult, and all." Are the twin forces of sin because it is so harmonious it is and pain and the depression that unbelievably happy in its out-workcan attack the spirit when hopes ing. But it is sharply assaulted, fall and are shattered, less awful and it demands much, yes all, of now than in those days? Is victory each one called and chosen to carry more easily accomplished? Do we .it into effect. So again we ask for need less than our Lord did, peri- prayer as we stand at the beginods of quiet, the withdrawal of ning of this new work. The devil spirit and of body, too, that there does not care how many hospitals may be time to touch the Invisible? we build, any more than he cares He who has set himself to seek the how many schools and colleges we face of his God in this way knows put up, if only he can pull our that there is nothing in the whole ideals down, and side-track us on of Christian experience more con- anything of any sort except the tested than just this-this purpose living of holy, loving, humble lives, of the heart, "Thy face, Lord, will and the bringing of men, women, I seek." But such prayer is our and children to know our Lord life. Jesus Christ, not only as Saviour Our Greatest Need but as Master and King.

We, His workers, need prayer If we refuse to be side-tracked, that we may not slip easily from we must be prepared to be often under the responsibility of prayer, shorthanded, for we shall have to

THE PLACE OF HEAVENLY HEALTH

look to our slowly growing-up boys Door of Health that we are using and girls for the greater part of for a pro tem hospital. They have our help. If it were not that the not the faintest desire to hear of Fellowship will gather round and our Lord Jesus. They have heard put even more than ever before in- of the religion of the Christians, to all that makes for the training "But who among us have followed of these to whom the doctors will that Way?" They have seen a few look for cooperation in the days to nominal Christians, and have not come, the work as they plan to do been attracted. They think that it, could not be done. they know all there is to know, Something has already been ac- and there are many layers of complished. By the help of our antagonism to penetrate before God we have been given the un- they can possibly be interested, purchasable gift of Truth. We can much less keen to hear of what they depend on our boys and girls and imagine they know all about. To men and women for sincerity and talk to them now, is like scatter- for loyalty. These great qualities ing seed on rock. Is there not need will be tested to the uttermnst for to pray for preparation for the pa- all the ways of bribery are familiar tients? If there is faithful prayer here, and it is impossible for the along this line may we not expect people to give them up till they to see prepared sick coming in, de- find such ways are useless. Our siring double healing? "Thou mak- nurses and orderlies and dispensers est the ground soft with showers."

. are continually being tested. Jewels And may we not expect conversions are offered, "And I will see to the even among Moslems and caste selling of them, and will ask only a Hindus? "Thou blessest the spring- small commission." Money, and ing thereof."

anything that can be turned into Let those who pray remember money is pressed upon them and that they are asking for something always, of course, secretely, with (to quote Judson in a similar con- the hope of obtaining thereby "first nection) "like getting the eye tooth quality medicine" or treatment of a live tiger." A true conversion better than could be had without from among those of whom we are this bribe. It is beginning to pene- specially thinking, is a tremendous trate that such ways are unknown thing to ask. There is no mass at Dohnavur, but we shall always movement among them to help. In need fortifying prayer. From the this part of South India a conver- first in our work there has been no sion among such people, that is a money lure, for in this sense we heart conversion, occurring with- have always been like Franciscans. out any attraction save the Cross But to begin is not to end. Pray for of Christ, is exceedingly rare.

our growing: children, that they The name given to our new hos- may choose Christ and His Cross, pital is Parama Suha Salai, Place with all of daily sacrifice and of of Heavenly (spiritual) Health.

sheer unearthly joy that such a Towards the fulfilment of the choke implies. prayer contained in th.at name We need prayer for the people every plan is bent, every purpose who will come for healing. There directed. This means that the work- is at the moment of writing a Brah- ers must have time for personal man family in the house called witness and prayer, and bed to bed

teaching. Noone will be paid to you can hear its bell rung hour by preach to the patients. Those who hour for a few moments quiet all minister to their bodily needs will over the place. The central hospital be the most likely to be able to building has a low prayer tower help them spiritually. We all recog- above the operating theater. There, nize this. The little children of the as here, we openly count very family will sing to them; this will greatly upon prayer. We see many be their happy share in the service. dreams come true, and our hearts "But this is heaven," said one old go out to our wonderful God in ad- patient as he lay in pain and weari- oration and thanksgiving. The ness though not too ill to be cheered drawing shows Dr. Murray Webb by the sight of colored lanterns and Peploe's general sketch of the oper- the sound of children singing. Won ating theater and Prayer Room.

by the sweetness of it all, he began A hospital compound with all the to listen, and we believe that he buildings required for doctors, turned in truth to our Lord. nurses, patients, and friends; for True Success proper sanitation and light and X-ray plant is a great undertaking The thought running through but with us is the Lord our God, everything that is being planned is and years of waiting upon Him lie personal work. What is called suc- behind this work. We must not cess goes down before that thought. lean back as if all were already ac- We are learning and must yet complished. It is only begun. Lead- learn to value what God most val- ing out from the Parama Suha ues, and what He values most we Salai there will be medical itinerat- learn at the Cross of Calvary. From ing work-the Lord opening the the first it has been recognized that way-and this needs prayer as the baptism of a Moslem or a caste much as the other. Such work is man or woman would probably new in this part of the country, and mean that the hospital would be if it be done for spiritual ends only, emptied temporarily. We are not and in spiritual ways, it will be lightly facing the battle which contested and hindered and if pos- awaits us. Failure as the world and sible ended almost before it has be- the Church too, calls it, may be gun. Therefore we ask for prayer written across Qur work. But the . for guidance, for opened towns and difficult not the easy, carries an ap- opened hearts, and, for ourselves, peal, and our Lord never asked us for the kind of love that is never for success as we see it, but for tired of loving.

obedience. In the end we know that What will this work of prayer there will be victory, for He must mean to those who pray?

reign. Every new work undertaken in The land on which the hospital obedience to a divine command, stands faces the mountains; only whether the work be that form of the rocky bed of a stream (dry ex- conflict with the powers of dark- cept after rain) runs between it ness that we call prayer, or wheth- and our compound, with its 400 er it be the action that follows, children, girls, boys, men and wom- leads sooner or later to a new de- en. From the open field where the mand on personal devotion to our hospital stands, you can see the Lord Jesus Christ, who asks of His tower of the House of Prayer, and la-vers, not part, but all. Mrs. C.

T. Studd's words are true: "The and dealt with as cases, but to feel evangelization of the world can at home, to watch, to thaw, to al- only be carried on by men and low those who take their names, women who are really warriors. and wash their bandages and dress Mission work ought to be carried their wounds to share with them on like warfare. During war all what the Lord Jesus Christ has know separation; and must be done and can do for them. Will separated from their children, and you continue to pray that God may parents from parents. The world send as our patients those who are is not evangelized to-day because spiritually hungry? He can do there is not the sacrifice it de- this, and has already begun to do mands." More and more it is borne it.

upon us that nothing adequate will 2. That our children may have ever be done in these lands till both in this work another vision of un- God's men and women at home and selfish service. (They have already we who are o-n the field learn more before their eyes the outpoured of what it means to bind the sacri- lives of those who care for them fice with cords even to the horns day in, day out, for no earthy re- of the altar. Is it not true that ward.) The hospital should be an many of us tie, as it were, our sac- Avenue of Gratitude along which rifice quite loosely to the altar, and they can go to meet their own peo- a very gentle pull is enough to un- ple of this land of India, showing loose it? to them the kindness and the love Father, forgive us~not so didst of God our Saviour. The determina- Thou give. Saviour, forgive us- tion to use our own home-forged not so was Thy giving. Bind the material for the staff, to train a sacrifice, 0 Jesus Christ, our great team to work just as all do through- High Priest-Thou who wast Thy- out the Fellowship, requires much self bound and pierced, and held time and guidance; for such a fast by Thy constraining love, bind tradition cannot be jerry-built, and the sacrifice with cords, lest we the material can hardly be import- fail Thee in the hour when Thou ed ready-made.

dost count upon us, not for part, 3. That God may be able to use but for all. the varying gifts of birth and race A Word From the Doctor to the caste-bound people round us, with whom the question of birth At what do we -feel that God counts far too much, and bars the would have us aim? way for many who could help them 1. That the Parama Suha Salai and makes them so difficult to may be, as its name implies, the reach.

Place of Heavenly Health where 4. That every member -of the people may find not only healing hospital team, whatever be their of the body but Him whom to know job, may have both the desire and is Life Eternal. That prayer may the time to do the evangelistic be the heart of the work, as the work, which is really just to make central prayer room in the low it the business of their life to share tower over the operating room the Good News with others.

would remind us. That this may 5. That the staff may be suffi- be a place where the people may cient to allow a team to be out in come not to be preached at, dosed, the district for part of the year.

2

The VlSlOn is that these raiding- ing Solomon's scheme for his lumparties should tackle a town or vil- ber gangs, would seem to be the lage' where there are openings ideal. This all means a bigger staff through grateful and friendly pa- and more facilities for training tients, visit the houses personally than would at first appear to be with literature, run a mobile dis- necessary.

pensary, feed in the serious cases As regards the plan of the Parawho are willing to come to the hos- ma Suha Salai we did very definitepital, follow up old patients, and ly ask for guidance from Him who perhaps get in touch with those gave the details of the Tabernacle and who is the Master Builder. who can rescue children. Three teams each doing two months in MURRAY WEBB PEPLOE, hospital and one month out, foIlow- The Elder Brother at the House of Health.

I recently returned from a large area sorely stricken for want of rain. Going from city to city and from town to town, I had ample opportunity to observe the effects of the drouth.

Water was daily conveyed in tank cars from distant places. Water had become a very precious thing.

When will the need of the Water of Life grip men's hearts?

When will the crying spiritual needs of men around the world arouse a church that has plenty, to share the Water of Life with every tribe and people? FRANCIS SHUNK DOWNS.

PRODIGAL SON AlVIONG

Abraham's Prayer for Ishmael BY THE REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D.D., Princeton, New Jersey I N BETHLEHEM, Pennsyl- the extent of its influence, the areas vania, it was my privilege re- overshadowed by its darkness, cently to worship with the saintly souls have again and again brethren of the Moravian Church. come back to that pathetic story of Their missionary history is well Ishmael, the exile. In a real sense, known, but perhaps it is not so Islam is the prodigal son among well known that in the Litany used the nonchristian religion,s. This every Sunday morning there is a faith arose six centuries after special prayer for the Kingdom of Christ and presents a problem es- God which includes the oldest mis- sentially different from that of sionary collect in the world. It goes Hinduism and Buddhism, and other back to Abraham, the Father of ethnic faiths. When Mohammed, the faithful [l.nd the friend of God, the prophet, turned his back on and sums up in one sentence His Jerusalem, toward which he first love for Ishmael, the prodigal son worshipped, and prayed toward of the Old Testament. Mecca, the great apostasy began.

The Litany reads as follows: The Religion of the Desert has car- o Lord, the hope of Israel, and the ried its id£as and ideals across the centuries and across the seven seas, desire of all nations: until now it dominates North Af~ Have mercy on Thy ancient covenant rica, Central and Western Asia, and has its adherents in every part people, deliver them from their blind- of the world..Surely in a sense that ness: o that Ishmael might live. before Thee; Abraham never imagined, Ishmael Prosper the endeavors of all Thy has become a great nation. Arabia, servants to spread Thy Gospel; next to Palestine, has become the mother of a spiritual world domin- Bless us and all other Christian con- ion. gregations gathered from among the heathen; The Dutch poet, Da Costa, who was of Jewish descent, gathered Keep them as the apple of Thine together in his great epic, "Hagar," eye: some of the promises in the Bible Hear us, gracious Lord and God. for the sons of Ishmael. Even in o praise the Lord, all ye nations: Praise Him, all ye people.

a translation the fire of his poetic To hear a large congregation use genius is not extinguished: this Litany reminded me of the or- Mother of Ishmael! The word that ganization of the Arabian Mission God hath spoken in 1889. Professor J. G. Lansing chose this prayer of Abraham as Never hath failed the least, nor was the motto text for the new mission. His promise broken. It was his favorite text in preaching on missions to Mohammedans. Whether in judgment threatened or as blessing given; Face to face with the tragedy of Whether for time and earth or for eternal heaven, Islam, the problem of its origin, To Esau or to Jacob . . .

179

The patriarch prayed to God, while And to the Holy Ghost, life-giver, bowing in the dust: whose refreshing "Oh that before thee Ishmael might Makes all earth's deserts bloom with live !-His prayer, his trust. living showers of blessing!

Nor was that prayer despised. that Da Costa wrote nearly eighty promise left alone 'years ago.. Missions are now firmly established in Arabia and the Near Without fulfillment. For the days shall East, but the prayer of Abraham is come still on the lips of the missionaries, when hope deferred makes the When Ishmael shall bow his haughty heart sick; when they toil all the chieftain head night and the nets yield nothing. When they consider the large areas Before that Greatest Chief of Isaac's still unoccupied and the multitudes royal seed. still unreached with the Gospel message, they long for a deeper Thou, favored Solomon, hast first ful- interest in the home churches and a fillment seen baptism of a spirit of love, so that we may run out to meet the prodi- Of Hagar's promise, when came sup- gal and have Abraham's faith in pliant Sheba',s queen. God's faithfulness.

Next, Araby the blest brought Beth- Miss Fay Inchfawn strikes a lehem's newborn King, deep note in a poem entitled "Ish- mael" which appeared in the Her myrrh and spices, gold and offer- Woman's Magazine, May, 1930, ing. (London); not only the prayer on Abraham's lips but the love in Again 0 at P~ntecost they came, first- Abraham's heart is what we need fruits of harvest vast; as we face the Moslem world. She pictures Abraham speaking: When, to adore the name of J estis, at the last How often when the tent is warm at night- To Zion's glorious hill the nation's joy to share And Sarah'os eyes are gay- When Isaac, child of laughter and de- The scattered flocks of Kedar all are gathered there, light, Shouts in his play, Nebajoth, Hefa, Midian. . . . Dancing in glee about the sandy floor- My heart goes to the door- Then Israel shall know Whose heart And follows-oh, the long and weary their hardness broke, trail!- Whose side they pierced, Whose curse My other son, Ishmael. they dared invoke. When the well-digger found a new And then, while at His feet they deep well mourn His bitter death, My heart said instantly: "How can I Receive His pardon. . . • tell, Before Whose same white throne Gen- He may be thirsty 1" – When they tile and Jew shall meet brought new bread With Parthian, Roman, Greek, the far Before I tasted it my spirit said: North and the South, "Is Ishmael hungry?" On my bed at From Mississippi's source to Ganges' night giant mouth, And every tongue and tribe -shall join in one new song, Redemption! Peace on earth and good will unto men; The purpose of all ages unto all ages sure. Amen.

Glory unto the Father! Glory the Lamb, once slain, Spotless for human guilt, exalted now to reign!

DO PUEBLO INDIANS SPEAK JAPANESE?

I wonder: "Is he sleeping 1" When We have great peace without him- delight peace, and yet- In any guise comes near me, then I I never once forget. say: Lord God, Whose covenant has made "How fares Ishmael today 1" me blest; .

Isaac's a friendly lad! Lord God, Who made my fold both Shepherds and herdsmen press safe and wide, To do his bidding, glad Father of Mercies, would'st Thou have To share his friendliness. me rest Isaac is loved and petted by the clan, While Ishmael's outside? And Ishmael was at war with every This feeling should move us as man- we think of the sons of Ishmael.

DO PUEBLO INDIANS SPEAK JAPANESE?

BY THE REV. A. J. MONTGOMERY, D.D., New York Board of National Mission. oj the Pre8byterian Oh'urch. U. B. A.

W HEN the Rev. H. Carroll prepare a grammar in the Keresan Whitener, who had been a language but his manuscript was Presbyterian missionary in never published. It has now been Japan, made a trip through New decided that hereafter all mission- Mexico, in 1927, he was astounded aries to the Keres-speaking and to discover a remarkable similarity Tiwa-speaking pueblos must learn between the Keres tongue (a lan- to preach in the native tongue.

guage spoken by pueblo dwelling In 1929, Mr. Whitener was com- Indians) and the Japanese. This missioned as missionary to these similarity extends not only to vari- pueblo inhabiting Indians and im- ous words of elemental character, mediately attacked the problem but to the grammatical construc- through the language. He began tion as well. This unexpected dis- to amass a great list of words for covery contains an interesting a dictionary and studied the lan- problem for the ethnologist. How guage under the best instructors came it that a tribe of Indians he could find. As a result he has found in the mesas of New Mexico completed the grammar of the use Japanese words? Keres language and this will soon The Board of National Missions be published.

of the Presbyterian Church has Mr. Whitener has now prepared been working for over fifty years a translation of the first four chap- among these pueblo dwelling Indi- ters of the Gospel of Matthew in ans in New Mexico, having entered Keresan. This little pamphlet is en- the field originally at the invitation titled, Jesus Christo Tsiianishe, of General Grant. Until recently it (Now the birth of Jesus Christ was was assumed that the English or on this wise.) This was published the Spanish language was all that last December and is, therefore, a a missionary need understand to Christmas gift to the Keres people.

minister to the Keres, possibly with It has already proved to be an open the occasional help of an interpret- sesame to the pueblo Indians. While er. One of the early missionaries, there has been opposition on the Rev. John Menaul, had begun to part of some to anyone learning

their language, it appears that of the printed page with open since the white man has reduced mind and, let us hope that they their language to print they are will receive the story of Christ and amazed and are receiving the story His Gospel with open hearts.

ARMENIANS IN BUENOS AIRES BY THE REV. HAIG ADADOURIAN l'(lId()r~ First Congregational Clittrch, lrcst Tisburll~ ~lIass.

T HE word Diaspora is now as gelical Church of Buenos Aires" is inseparable a part of the the name of the new organization. Armenian national existence It is a Congregational church, as as it has been of the Hebrews from its constituents are the result of time immemorial. Up to the World the labors of the missionaries of War, Armenians, a "countryless" the American Board of Commisif not homeless people, had been sioners for Foreign Missions. settled chiefly in Russia, Turkey "The Kansas City Confession" is and Persia since the loss of their their creed. independence early in the fourteenth century. There were, in To effect the organization, the round numbers, one million souls in Armenian Missionarry Association each of the first two countries, a half million in Persia, and a half of New York sent me to Buenos million in other parts of the world. Aires, as its special commissioner. Since the World War, the Arme- A constant effort and preaching nians exiled from Turkey are domi- for two months brought about the ciled with more or less permanency desired result. I was ably assisted in Greece, Palestine and Syria, and by Dr. W. E. Browning, and the now, North and South America, so Revs. B. F. Stockwell, J. D. Montthat there is a real Armenian Di- gomery, Augusto Kiehl, and H. aspora. The United States and Amiriantz, all of Buenos Aires. Canada have sheltered 120,000 and in Argentina, Uruguay and Brazil With consecrated leadership, perhaps 20,000 more have found the new church has every prospect safety and employment. Of these of growth and usefulness in this, more than half live in Buenos the largest city of Latin America. The members of a church composed Aires. of a historic Christian race, the They are divided into three cree- first Christian nation of the world, can, by the help of God, become a dal groups-:-the Gregorians, or helpful factor in the development members of the National Church of evangelical Christianity in the of Armenia, the Roman Catholics, great Republic of Argentina. With and the Evangelicals. The first the blood of countless Christian two groups have already been martyrs coursing their veins, the organized as churches. The third members of this new church can group was organized with one. reasonably be expected to give a hundred members, in St. Andrew's good account of the faith that is in Scots' Presbyterian Church, last them and of the stewardship to February. "The Armenian Evan- which the great Head of the church has called them.

VORLD-WIDE MISSIONS

ATLANTIC CITY BY REV. GEORGE H. TRULL, New York City Seoretary lor Specifio Woyk, Board of Porcign MisgiQ"us oj the Prcsbytedan Churoh, U. S. A.

M ANY people would like to be overthr,own, though in certain present at the interesting areas the advance of His Kingdom Annual Conference of the may be temporarily retarded.

Foreign Mission Boards of North Dr. John R. Mott advised that America, but admission is only by we look upon relating the money card. For thirty-eight years repre- power of the world to Kingdom in- sentatives of the Protestant mis- terests as a spiritual enterprise.

sionary agencies of the United We must appeal to the mind, the States and Canada have met to- reason and the heart. Money gifts gether to consider the present cOon- must be sought as we seek to win ditions, problems and plans for the souls-by personal approach. These future. The gathering includes mis- interviews never become easy. Dr.

sionaries from every continent, Henry Clay Trumbull told Dr.

intimately familiar with field facts Mott at Northfield many years ago and problems; nationally known that he had had ten thousand in- Board secretaries; pastors and lay- terviews with people in his efforts men. The work of Christian mis- to lead them to Jesus Christ, and sions has become a science and is that it was just as hard for him their chief concern. with the last one as with the first.

A fine spiritual tone pervaded all It is a good thing that it is dif- the sessions of the recent Confer- ficult to ask individuals of large ence at Atlantic City (January 13- wealth for money for missions be- 16) and the early morning period cause then it means real effort and of prayer offered a good start for sacrifice on the part of the advo- each day. The existing situations cate. "In the Foreign Mission en- on the foreign fields were squarely terprise," said Dr. Matt, "we have faced to discover their underlying something that merits the atten- meaning and how to meet them. tion of people of large affairs. They The problems of home administra- do not deal in fractions, but in tion were reviewed but the present large units. We must therefore business depression was not re- present tangible needs that appeal garded as a necessary hindrance to to the imagination, and that some- the enterprise. Christians have times call people to do the seemingmoney to give if their interest can ly impossible. Some people are not be aroused and if they can be con- giving to Foreign Missions because vinced that the gifts are worth we are not sharing with them the while. There was no note of pes- largeness and freshness of what simism because of decreased re- God is doing. We must speak ac- ceipts or because of menacing curately and specifically of the forces like Communism. These and progress of God's Kingdom and other problems were faced with show His power at work in the the quiet assurance that Jesus world."

Christ and His cause cannot be The present hard times in 183

America may be a distinct advant- and strategic influence as an advo- age," said Dr. Mott, "if they pro- cate of Foreign Missions in his lo- duce humility. They may lead to cal church. He seeks to stem the the discovery of new and better tide of secularism and materialism, ways of doing things; to a wiser to lift his people to higher levels of and more economical use of money. thought and aspiration, and to en- They demand that we evaluate large their vision of Christianity needs and put first things first. as more than a personal or com- Martin Luther declared that every munity enterprise. The pastor great opportunity that came to him needs help and the mission boards was preceded by some difficulty or must give him fresh information problem. The present financial situ- and interpretation of changes and ation in America may be but the problems on the mission field. They f.orerunner of a greater opportu- must help him to sense the World nity for the Church of Christ. Let us Mission of Jesus Christ. They must be prepared to meet it in a chas- help him gain a new sense of the tened and humble spirit. Christ missionary motives. They must counted the cost of establishing the make it possible for him to answer Kingdom of God in the earth and constructively the criticisms which He paid it. So must His Church in appear in certain magazine articles this twentieth century. and in the daily press.

The wealth of the United States Present Day Issues at the present time is greater than that of a dozen of the other leading The present situation on the for- nations of the world combined. In eign field was presented from sev- a recent year over two billion, three eral angles. Dr. Ralph W. Sock- hundred million dollars have been man, of New York, spoke on given by Americans to benevolent "Jesus' Conception of the Re- and altruistic causes. But even this deemed Society," and Dr. Sher- large giving is not in proportion to wood Eddy discussed some "Living the increased incomes of Ameri- Issues in the Present Day Mission- cans. ary Situation."

"How Shall We Keep the Spirit- Communism was mentioned by ual Note Dominant in Missionary several speakers, as one of the Promotion ?" was an important greatest present day foes of mis- topic dealt with by Dr. Robert E. sions on the foreign field. Dr. Eddy Speer. By the spiritual note we referred to Russia as "the largest mean more than what is humanis- country in the world, trying the tic or altruistic. It is the Christ- boldest experiment in history." One note. Our arguments, illustrations great challenging evil is the denial and appeals for the support of Mis- of personal liberty, a dictatorship sions must keep Christ dominant. that controls practically the entire We should use His name and por- life of the individual. It controls tray His transforming power. In agriculture, business, the radio, the some new way Christ must break press and all public utilities. One in on us, dominating our personal- challenging good in Russia is the ities, if we are successfully to pro- passion for social justice. The mote the missionary enterprise at amenities of life are not looked up- home and abroad. on as reserved for the few, but art, The pastor holds a commanding music, culture are presumably for

DISCUSSING WqRLD-WIDE MISSIONS AT ATLANTIC CITY

all. In his recent world tour Dr. alism from the shores of the Medi- Eddy found Communism in every terranean to the borders of the student audience in China and Ko- Yellow Sea. Though its expression rea. Half of the students of China may have subsided in Egypt, Syria are practically committed to Com- and Palestine, it lies dose to a senmunism which is in a life and death sitive surface. Jesus was faced with struggle for control. Communism this spirit in Judea when He was asked if it were proper to pay tribis the implacable foe of religion. ute to Cresar. It is a natural and Not only Christianity, but Judaism elemental feeling. Christianity has is persecuted in Russia. Religion is helped to stimulate nationalism looked upon as a disease, the opiate throughout the world. "If the misthat capitalists and imperialists use sionary has the spirit of his Masto drug the people. ter," said Dr. Henry Hodgkin, "he· will try to appreciate the feeling of Fletcher S. Brockman, for many the Nationalist. The missionary years in Y. M. C. A. work, said that must be fair and sympathetic; he in Russia Communism is an articu- must also be humble and ready to lated system while in China it rep- learn from the natives. But we resents policies Russia has intro- must never forget that, as Chrisduced to bring China into the world tians, we belong to an international revolution. The Russian Commun- body which teaches love rather ists have announced to the Chinese than hatred." There are sinister that the Christian Church must features to nationalism which show first be destroyed. They have also themselves in such excesses as the attacked Confucian morality, strik- brutal massacre of Armenian subing a blow at filial piety, even mur- jects by Turkey. These excesses dering parents and committing in- blind the spiritual life and religious factors in civilization. cest to show disregard of Confucian ethics and all morality. The Reform Movements in Non-Christian Communists show ardor, loyalty to Religions their cause, and self-sacrifice. They are willing to go to any extremes The restlessness, aspiration and in cruelty, pillage and murder, not longing of youth in many nonbeing bound by any code of morals. Christian lands for a new religion The present Nationalist Govern- was described by Professor Odius, ment in China is opposed to Com- of Hartford. Intellectuals are lookmunism. Many in the government ing to science, others to romantiare Christians, and most of them cism and others to resthetics. New were educated in missionary col- sects have arisen in Japan with leges and schools. The apparent a million adherents. Some in China anti-Christian attitude of some in are operating under cover. Christhe Nationalist Government, said tian ideas are being adopted and Mr. Brockman, is an effort to tide social service is being engaged in over a very difficult situation. on a large scale. Buddhists long ago Edicts are issued which mayor may adopted Christian methods of work not be enforced, depending largely and are planning a world mission. upon the local officials. The Na- Already they have established tionalist Government seems to be themselves in Europe, Great Brigrowing more friendly toward tain, Hawaii and the western part Christianity. Asia is now aflame with Nation-

of the United States. Hinduism is Jesus Christ more clearly and con- also trying to spread to the United sistently. He alone can satisfy the States. A most interesting move~ moral and spiritual hunger of man- ment within Islam is strengthening kind. The w,orld is open to those conservative Mohammedanism, said who are willing to go out as friends Dr. Paul Harrison, of Arabia. It is to the peoples in non-Christian known as Wahabiism and is an at~ lands. There is everywhere a long- tempt to purify Moslem morals, ing for world peace and there is a condemning immorality, lying and hunger for God. Racialism is a the use of tobacco. The movement deeper universalism seeking ex- has spread over Central Arabia pression. Truth is universal. There and has extended to Afghanistan is no Indian astronomy nor Mrican and Kurdistan. It represents a de- mathematics. So true religion is . sire on the part of Central Arabia universal and we can proclaim the to attain to a simple and satisfac- message of Christ with confidence tory conception of one great omnip- in His ultimate victory. .otent God. Dr. Cleland B. McAfee, the new The Brahmo-Somaj of India is secretary of the Presbyterian an eclectic faith which is making Board of Foreign Missio,ns, called little headway, but the Arya-Somaj upon the Conference to face the is nationalistic and is very virile. primal question as to what our mis- The Ramakrishna Mission is sionary effort is all about. The ranked as the most vital of all of Communist and the Hindu do not the Hindu sects and adopted some know what Christianity is. The ,of the methods of Christianity. opposition to the Christian religion generally arises because of igno- We are facing serious problems, rance as to its true nature. Opposi- but not all these disturbing ele- tion, therefore, is our opportunity ments in the present situation are to state what Christianity is and disabilities or liabilities. This up- to exemplify it. "What is this re- heaved world is an inspiration and a stimulus, said Dr. Robert E. ligion that I want to see established Speer. Many forces are at work and we find in the old world awak- around the world? It is a spiritual ening a passionate demand for edu- religion and it therefore disregards cation and a cry for light. In the national lines. Perhaps the answer atmosphere of Nationalism it as to the essential nature and pur- should be easier to develop an in- pose of Christianity would trans- digenous Church. The disintegra- form the attitude of some who have tion of old ethical and religious thus far given little thought to the loyalties summon us to present claim ,of Christ and His mission upon their lives or possessions."

PRIVILEGE EVBRYWHERE It may be that God used to give you plentiful chance to work for Him. Your days went singing by, each winged with some enthusiastic duty for the Master whom you loved …… You can be idle for Him, if so He wills, with the same joy with which you once labored for Him. The sick bed or the prison is as welcome as the harvest field or the battle field, when once your soul has come to value as the end of life the privilege of seeking and finding Him.-Phillips Brooks.

EDUCATION IN HOME

MOUNTAIN SCHOOLS BY MRS. VERNER G. EARLY, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma W HEN our Lord called His wasted hours and lives are a form disciples he did not promise of folly; that laziness is a vice, to make them rich, famous and improvidence a thing to be or great. Nor did he even promise ashamed of.

to make them happier or better. All educational systems of learn- He simply offered to make them ing have found out that no faculty useful. "If you will come with me can be developed except by its own I will make you fishers of men." exercise. Muscles grow by use; Christ evidently believed that the reasoning powers by reasoning; men to whom he made this propo- affection by loving some one; sition would not disappoint him. obedience by obeying; musical And history proves only one of the ability by singing; conversational twelve failed him. Even in the charm by talking. So all the activ- face of this Christ was not disap~ ities concerned in religion are pointed. "Follow me and I will made voluntary and in a sense ha- make you useful," Christ meant, bituaI by repeated performance.

"in my Kingdom." They become a sort of second na- Again and again, men and wom- ture. One does them almost as if en achieve the impossible, so to by instinct. Thus are the moun- speak, under the encouragement of tain people of our mISSIOn Christ's assurance that "I will schools taught character building change your life …. and you can and industry. They learn to do by accomplish …. can do marvelous the doing.

things in my Name." He informed The pastor of a Baptist church them that if they came along life's in Tennessee wrote as follows sev- way with Him they would find eral years ago concerning his ex- hardships and dire persecution. perience as a student in one of our He promised them no offer of what mountain schools. "As I think of the world calls good or fine or gave my teachers in the preparatory any secondary enticement of any school in the North Carolina moun- sort whatsoever. His was an offer tains, one of the strongest impres- merely of the opportunity of. living sions that remains with me is they righteous lives, of giving personal knew and loved Jesus Christ. How service—service where the work is this was seen in their daily lives!

hard and yet full of joy. Jesus How it burned in their chapel Christ thus obtained his followers talks; how it frequently glowed in and gave the world its saints. the classrooms; how the spirit of Isn't this precisely what religious it pervaded all their instructions."

education given in our mission This same former student refers mountain school and denomina- to the Southern Baptist Home tional colleges offers and does? It Board schools as "power-houses"

makes men and women useful citi- in the mountains. Others have zens and fits them for the right characterized the m as "light- places in life; teaches them that houses." They are both. They are 187

sending streams of light into the section of the eighteenth century alive lives of thousands of the boys and in the twentieth century, visit the girls of the hills, transforming back-country of 'Our S'Outhern m'Ounthem into powers of blessing for tains. home, society and church life. At 'One time pioneer America was These schools do thorough work. the land 'Of the l'Og cabin. N'Ow The teacher who is disposed to America is the land of brick, stone slight the work is not retained. and steel. But in the Appalachians, The pupils when they go to college the pioneer log cabin remains unfind that they easily rank with the changed since the days of the pilstudents from the best preparatory grims-one r'Oom; a great stone fireand high schools in the land. In place; perhaps a single glassless addition to literary training, these wind'Ow with a pig under it 'On the outmountain schools give instruction side t'O serve as a s'Ort of animated in Bible, missions, Sunday-school garbage pail to which anything may training, domestic science, home be thrown that is not wanted in the economics, manual training and cabin. agriculture. Above all, the main thought is to see that each pupil Very often there are no windows receives the fulness of Christ so at all. A young man who had been that all the advantages gained from out to see the world came back to his the schools may be effective for the mountain home. glory of God, the prosperity of the Kingdom, and for the comfort, "Here!" he said. "We ought t'O have honor and service of humanity. windows in this house," and he pro- This information, gained from ceeded to cut them in. The famliy The Christain Herald, was both looked on passively. interesting and instructive: When he had gone, the family be- Back in the eighteenth century, the came active. Southern pilgrim fathers crossed the sea. Those who remained on the l'Ow- "What's the use of having these lands near the coast pr'Ogressed with holes to let in the wind?" they said, the pr'Ogress 'Of the times. Th'Ose wh'O and they boarded them up. penetrated the Appalachian M'Ountains and succeeded in getting through Then there is the occasional mounthem t'O the fertile plains 'On the 'Other taineer who can't be bothered building side, have als'O pr'Ogressed, their habits a permanent cabin at all. For him and ideas changing with the changing moving is a simple matter. "When I times. But there were s'Ome wh'O g'Ot move," said one, "all I hatter do is as far as the m'Ountains and then an put out the fire and call the dog." axle-tree br'Oke d'Own, or 'One 'Of the party became ill, or they fell in l'Ove Yet the hUnger of the mountainwith the dreamy blue haze and the eer for an "eddication," is pathetic. w'O'Ods and the hills. They st'Opped in The public schools cannot satisfy the m'Ountains. that hunger, for they are few and far between, and the few schools Shut away fr'Om the w'Orld, im- that do exist are usually open only prisoned in the glorious freedom of during the summer months. Hence the land 'Of the sky, they have known the urgent need for mISSIOn nothing 'Of the movements of men. schools. These schools conducted The speech and habits of another land by the Southern Baptists in the have remained. Civilization stopped Southern highlands are doing a with them. If you wish to see a cross- work of practical Christian educa- tion which cannot be surpassed anywhere in the world. And the students in these schools mean business. Most of them work their

RELIGIOUS EDUCATION IN HOME MISSION MOUNTAIN SCHOOLS

way through on their own re- of a large hospital. Such a deter- 8ources. mination to get an education im- plies that the education given by Think of a primary pupil fifteen the mission schools must be worthyears old! Yet, many of the moun- while. And it is. tain young people are that age before they have the opportunity to Some one expressed it: Japanese get their first schooling. Unable flower arrangement, !esthetic dancto use a knife and fork, never hav- ing and Greek are not taught. ing seen a doll, knowing none of Most of the mountaineers are the things that surround most farmers, and they are therefore young people, a girl of fifteen av- taught how to cultivate and plant, plied for an education. She was how to judge livestock, build a silo, unable to walk up and down stairs plant; prune fruit trees and raise in the school building without fall- hogs and calves. All of this of ing-a common difficulty among course is in addition to reading, mountaineers since there are no writing, mathematics and the orstairways in their small cabins. dinary academic course. The girls But given the opportunity, she de- are taught neat carpentering of the veloped into a leader, won the prize simple pieces of furniture needed in debate, took honors in her stud- in the home, gardening, physiology ies, and is today a graceful and accomplished young lady long ago and home nursing, "household and having graduated from an Eastern farm arithmetic," domestic scieIlj;!e, college. dressmaking and house-furnishing. All the work at the school is done These inCidents I read: A boy by the students,no servants beiug clad in a tight little coat and tight- employed. Regularly de t a i led fitting homespun breeches reaching groups of students care for the building, harvest the crops, erect half-way below his knees, riding new school buildings and barns on a train for the first time in his life, when he came to the school, when needed, make desks and entered the primary class at eight- tables, cook and serve the meals. een years of age. Now he is an For those who wish to study comintelligent, highly paid employee mercial subjects such as book- keeping, shorthand, telegraphy, in a large concern. provision is made. But the main Entering the primary at twenty- subjects are those needful in moun- tain farming and home-making two years of age, a girl was told and soul saving. at the end of the first year that it was no use, she simply could not One cannot learn farming from learn. But she persisted with the books alone. Therefore these help of a patient Christian woman schools usually possess a good-sized as a teacher. After a time, as if experiment farm, and the students by a miracle, her long closed mind after a lesson have more of the started to unfold like a flower and smell of soil and hogs about them she began to pick up everything. than the smell of books. For the It was as if her brain had awaken girls, practice cottages are proafter sleep. Later, she was grad- vided where they may actually keep house, plan meals, live on a uated with high honors and became budget and perform all the doa Red Cross nurse. During the mestic duties of a home. World War she was placed in a most important position as head

More than aU this, and best of rather than, as he thought, take all, these students are taught Jesus his life in his hands. Another I Christ, made to feel God's nearness heard of who, upon entering an as they are led to develop Christian characters and to act Christ- office building in Asheville, walked like as they live and move in God's up the five flights of stairs rather great outdoors, hidden away in the than risk his life in "the pesky nooks and crannies of the Appa- cage." lachian Mountains, and others equally as remote from civilization. The schooled mountaineer sees the world in perspective. He Many students develop into. Chris- knows that while his own settletian teachers, and teach in the ment may boast ten families or same mission schools where they more, Chicago, New York and received an education. Many be- Oklahoma City are still larger. He come ministers of the Gospel and knows so much about tilling the missionaries laboring in the home soil that he does not have to resort and foreign fields. This year the to moonshining to make a living. Home Board of the Southern Those who have become followers Baptist Convention reports the in- would rather starve than resort to crease in the numbers of minis- such a trade! Again, he has been terial students and Christian so thoroughly taught and had so wQrkers especially gratifying. The ingrained in his heart and mind schools report by far the largest and life the Christian manners and number of conversions among stu- way of living that he has too much dents of any previous year. spiritual clarity and breadth of view to desire to continue old Some one said to the president feuds. He is a God-fearing, a Godof one of our mountain schools, "I loving, Heaven-believing, faith-renotice a great difference in your ceiving, industrious, hard working, students. You must be drawing big, broad, clean, genuine, useful on a much higher class now than American. Yes, he is more than ten years ago." The answer was all this. The mountain man and that these were the younger broth- woman who have been trained in ers and sisters of the ones in the the mission schools are Christian school ten years ago, who had gone Americans. They are worthy citiback and leavened the homes. As a result of this leavening, the pres- zens. ent students were truly of a higher Thus are the mountaineers of class. today becoming useful Christians The mountaineer has been intro- and citizens of a Heavenly com- duced to the world by the mission monwealth because Christ set the schools. He no longer regards the example when He taught His people outside the mountains as "furriners," "outlanders" and chosen twelve how to labor and to "quar." He is not terrified by an serve. The religious education elevator or an automobile, as was that Christ taught was of the heart one whom I saw walk five miles and the hand as weU as of the head. It is the only education really worth while!

A JEW WAS

BY JACOB SILVERMAN, NEW YORK The following is a frank statement by a Jewish student as to the chief cause of bitter prejudice against Jesus Christ and His religion felt by European Jews, especially those from Russia. Can they be blamed? How much Christlike love must be shown toward them to overcome this false and anti-Christian background and to prepare them to receive Him Who came to save them.-EDITOR.

I WAS shocked when I first be- my young mind pictured the de- held the title of Rabbi Tratt- mand as some means of doing me ner's article "As a Jew Sees further injury. With my refusal Jesus."* It had never occurred to me that a Jew-not to mention a came a new outburst of kicks, Rabbi-would dare to write down punches, and shouts. Subconhis impression of this famous per- sciously, perhaps, my mind recordson. As I looked at the title I be- ed one of the cries: "Give it to gan to meditate: "why shouldn't a him, fellows! He's one of the dirty Jew, and especially a Rabbi, who understands the very emotions of Jews who killed Jesus!" t his people, write down what he thinks of a man who has so I dared not tell my mother of markedly influenced the trend of the occurrence for fear of frighthistorical events? Why, then, had ening her. A few days later, as I I been so shocked when I first be- was thinking over the entire matheld the title? What is there in ter trying to find some reason for my past that could possibly explain the beating, my mind suddenly my peculiar reaction?" burst forth with "Give it to him, fellows! He's one of the dirty My first contact with the name Jews who killed Jesus!" I started. of Jesus was a most dreadful one. "One of the dirty Jews who killed I was about nine years old. One Jesus! – dirty Jews who killed day on my way home from school Jesus! – killed Jesus!" I became I suddenly found m y s elf sur- frantic. What had they meant? rounded by .a band of young Ital- What right had they to say that I ians all shouting. I was terror was one of the dirty Jews who stricken. I knew I was in for a killed Jesus? Jesus? Who was beating, but the reason I did not this Jesus? I was sure I had never know. After they had thrashed heard of this person before. me, they threw me u p 0 n the ground with my face up. One of That day I asked my Hebrew them drew out a small iron cross, teacher to explain to me who Jesus placed it before my face, and de- was. Upon hearing the name, he manded that I kiss it. I really did arose, shaking, and commanded me not know the true symbolic mean- never to mention that name in his ing of the Cross at that time, and presence again. (Poor soul, his I refused to comply simply because wife and children had been stabbed to death before his very eyes by a band of drunken Christians in Russia.) *.. :icrilmcr's j{agflzine~ April, 1930. tHistoricaIly incorrect (writer's note).

191

That same night I asked my fa- the name for its connection with ther to tell me who Jesus was. HiR that scene of horror. answer was, "Silence, my son! I never want that name to issue As a r.esult of these various perfrom your mouth again!" He then secutions which have been related began to speak. He spoke as if he from generation to generation in were in a trance. He spoke not the homes of the Jews, the name of the life of Jesus, but of some Jesus and everything connected years back, in a little town in Rus- with the name, including the man sia-a most peaceful little town in all His dynamic and admirable with its beautiful little synagogue personality, have become a repulwhere the beloved Reb Samuel had sive force to the Jewish people. It conducted the ceremonies for al- is not that the Jewish people loathe most half a century. One day a the Man for what He did while He band of Christians descended upon lived-for that would require a the village and began plundering knowledge of the man's life, and, and killing. Reb Samuel, who was I am sure, a large number of my then in the midst of his prayer, people know very little about His came running out of the synagogue life. But it is the result of his with his Siadur in his hand and his having lived, the force which he Tallith around his shoulders. He had unknowingly aroused, the ran to one of the soldiers, demand- wave of destruction which has ing an explanation. The soldier come down through the ages castturned around, perceived the old ing horror upon a people-it is man, drew his knife, and with a that which has made that people shout "For Jesus!" plunged it into dread what they believed to be the the heart of the beloved Rabbi. key to their sufferings.

Under the circumstances the Even today we read of pogroms name Jesus could not have been and uprisings against Jews in vavery pleasing to my ears; but, rious parts of the world – Jews mark you, it was only the name. who wish to live peacefully, but I had no knowledge of the man cannot; Jews whose very souls try himself, nor, I am led to believe, to protest, but dare not. Is it any had my father. I was simply wonder that Jesus does not hold taught to loathe a sound, a name- an esteemed position in the Jewish Jesus, just as my father loathed religion, a position which right- fully is His?

FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE'S CREED I believe in God the Father Almighty, Maker of Heaven and Earth. And in Jesus Christ, His best loved son, our Master, who was born to show us the way through suffering to be also His sons and His daughters, His handmen and His handmaidens; who lived in the same spirit with the Father, that we may also live in that Holy Spirit; whose meat was I to do His Father's will and to finish His work; who suffered and died, saying, "That the world may love the Father." And I believe in the Father Almighty's love and friendship; in the service of God; the grow- ing into a likeness with Him by love; the being one with Him in will at last, which is Heaven. I believe in the plan of Almighty Perfection to make us all. perfect. And this I believe is the Life Everlasting.

CROSSES IN

BY THE REV. JOHN T. TUCKER, D.D., Bela Vista, Portugese East Africa -lli8sionary of the United Ohurch oj Oanoda and Priucipal oj 0/(,.,-i6 Institute, DOlld,t Angola J DAVID LIVINGSTONE, lost been engaged in anti-slavery work in the dim recesses of the on the west coast of Africa. Dark Continent, acted as a magnet to others who sought the As a result three missionaries extinction of the nefarious trade in were sent to Angola, in 1880, piohuman bodies and souls. Henry M. neers of international interest. Stanley, on his arduous mission, William H. Sanders, a son of an found his hero in Ujiji. When the American Board missionary hailed finding of the missionary-explorer fr.om Ceylon; W. W. Bagster, of rendered further search unneces- London Bible House fame, came sary, others, not less daring turned from California; S. T. Miller, son their thoughts to other ways of of a freedman of the Southern seeking the welfare of those "im- States, went to preach Good Tidings ages of God carved in ebony." to his own race. They took the message.of the Cross to the natives, Commander Cameron of the and proclaimed the Life which is British Navy, serving on the East life indeed. Death, as usual in those Coast of Africa, witnessed atroci- days, took heavy toll of the early ties on board the slave dhows that missionaries, but never for a moaroused a compelling desire to take ment did the heralds of Christ part in the suppression of the in- shrink from their task. Two other human traffic. This man of valiant societies later came to help in the courage was convinced that the evil work, the Brethren Mission led by could be effectively attacked only at F. S. Arnot, of England, and the its source in the interior, and be- Canadian Congregational Mission lieved that the naval slave patrol which joined forces with the Amerwas necessary. He decided to make ican Board and sent out Walter a transcontinental journey from Currie. east to west, as the Arab slavers had done. Destiny led him to An- Three crosses were erected durgola, but so shattered was his ing the jubilee celebrations last health by dysentery and malaria May, each symbolic to the Ovimthat he nearly failed to reach the bundu people. Atlantic seaboard. Friendly POTtugese at Benguela nursed him back The first cross represents the nato health, and he returned to Eng- tive pagan religious rites. From land. time immemorial the Ovimbundu have been in the habit of erecting Later Commander Cameron vis- within their strongly stockaded vilited America and called at the lages a symbol of divination called American Board in Boston to urge owulu. This divining cross consists the founding of a mission in Bie, of a stout pole, varying in height Angola, among the great Ovimbun- from ten to fifteen feet, with a du people, far-famed as intrepid transverse piece about nine inches traders. His plea met a response in from the top. Around this sacred Secretary Means who himself, in pole the natives danced on great octhe U. S. Brigatine "Dolphin," had casions. They believed that through its instrumentality the ancestral 3 193

spirits, the gods of the tribe or cross of discovery and civilization. community, communicated with The arrival of the Portuguese their afflicted and distracted chil- caravels in the Congo in 1492, after having plowed virgin seas, dren. marked the opening of an epoch. A great concourse gathered and Led by heroic commanders, the Portuguese sailors erected on chosdances were kept up continuously en headlands padr6es, stone crossto the accompainment vf drum es, symbolizing the new era of civbeating, with plentiful potions of ilization of commerce and developstrong beer to revive drooping ment. F.or generations the lands strength. The high priest of Kan- of Africa had lain dormant, but the dundu, itself the sacred ark of the coming of these pioneers signified people, was in the spirit house com- a new birth. Development did not muning with the spirits while the take place immediately, but a bepeople danced and drank. Suddenly ginning was made. Africa in transhe appeared, "seized with spirit," formation dates from the arrival and with great agility climbed the of the Lusitanian mariners from Qwulu, dexterously planting his the Tagus under Diogo Cao. It is feet on the transverse section of therefore fitting to remember these the cross. Standing erect, he gave men of old and their exploits. Comforth oracles' on the subject: merce is contributing greatly to the evolution of a new Africa. The new Does death decimate the people? civilization pulls down ancient The oracle says: "perhaps the fire standards and sets up new values is 'sick' and needs to be rekindled; in the remotest kraal of the resome warlock needs attention; rid motest tribe in the remotest jungle. the country of a pestilent fellow." Nothing escapes the all-embracing influence of railway and motor, of Do the village elders plan a trad- steamship and aeroplane; tractors ing expedition to the remote in- supplant the traditional hoe and terior? "Gain you shall find on the steam shovels now dig ore for great trip," speaks the ventriloquistic voice; slaves and tusks and rubber smelting works.

and wax." The third cross, that of Chris- Or the oracle may have an un- tian advance, is of wood, illumi- nated to symbolize the redemption favorable word. "Go if you choose, in Christ Jesus. The new Africa but loss and tribulation will be yours, perhaps even death itself." cannot live by bread alone. The African is out for new things. He Or the community wishes to is shedding his past and much that move io another district—death is good with it. The message of the and disease ravage the ranks; fields Gospel makes its unique appeal to perhaps do not yield their increase him, with its books which he reads or fertility is withheld. The people and re-reads; its slates and copy listen to the oracle as if entranced books which he uses and re-uses, and obey immediately. even when all the possible utility in them seems to have been exhaust- Such an ancient cross of divina- ed. A school is organized and a tion served generations and provided a sense of guidance to the schoolhouse is built and furnished, tribesmen. They were very reli- with the exception of no other regious, even though their beliefs were based on ignorance.

The second cross erected at the Jubilee is the Portuguese stone

IN THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC

ward than the satisfaction in his and the bringing in of a hope for own heart and the gain for his the future with the assurance of children. The Christian African is God's leading through trying and a tower of strength in his com-· vexatious days. munity and, rightly led and in- In Angola land the Church of structed, responds favorably to the Christ is firmly rooted. Thousands new light and values which come of members and catechumens and with the acceptance of the Gospel. pupils are found. Songs of praise The third cross signifies to An- arise, and among the most grateful gola the redemption of thousands are those for the presence of Dr. of lives, betterment of living con- and Mrs. William H. Sanders, who diUons, abolition of harmful and are still spared to the work after age long superstitions by the ex- fifty years of transforming minpulsive power of a new affection, istry.

IN THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC BY REV. H. F. JOHNSON, Santiago OVER f,orty years ago Mr. istry to assume more responsibility Samuel Mills heard the call in the work. A Provisional Annual to become a missionary to Conference was organized, comthe Spanish-speaking people of the posed of thirty-two members, lay- Dominican RepUblic. He was then men and ministers. Seven native a prosperous business man in Ash- men were ordained and two more tabula, Ohio, but when the voice were taken on trial. An extensive said, "Arise and go toward the evangelistic campaign was worked south," he went. Through many out; and a plan for self-support was instituted. Even though the trials and discouragements he la- past year has been depressing fibored for seven long years before nancially, yet the campaign has been most satisfactory. It has been the precious seed took root. After a year of great blessing. more years of labor the Christians were organized into a Free Meth- This Free Methodist work is conodist Church. There has been per- ducted in sixty-five stations on the secution, and bitter opposition to north side of the island, in the the work and a number of mission- Cibao valley. Some places are aries have given their lives to the still unoccupied, but efforts are befield. Others have returned to the ing put fcrth to enter every hamlet homeland, having worn themselves with the Gospel message. Besides seven ordained men, there are thirout. ty other workers, mostly laymen, local preachers, and evangelists. DUring the last few years there There are over 1,500 members in has been a remarkable growth in the Sunday-schools. The Santiago the work both on the north side of church, whose pastor is Miss Nellie the island and ,on the south, where Whiffen, is a complete self-support- American Mission Boards are con- ing institution. This is the first ducting a union work. Our work church to take this step in the Redeveloped to such an extent that it became necessary last year to make some provision for the nat~ve min-

public. There are a multitude of the island, since the real center of sympathizers, but we only count the "Vendaval" (blow from the the ones whom we believe to be sea) was at the Capital city. It really converted, and that number was a real hurricane that came up is about 600, of the "twice born." out of the sea in all its twisting It is uplifting to attend one of their fury, and lasted for hours. A few meetings and listen to their con- days afterwards, when the traffic gregational singing, their public was open, a group of us went to the testimonies and prayers. They re- Capital and saw the poor people veal the moral and spiritual value without homes, many with terrible of Christian missions. wounds in their bodies. The r.oofs of most of the houses are of zinc; The Evangelical Institute trains and the winds lifted the zinc sheets young people for Christian service. off the roofs and sent them flying After four years of operation as a through the air like so many co-educational school, the impor- knives. There were many wounded tant place which it occupies in the and the wreckage and ruins were development of the work is clearly general. Rev. B. N. Morgan and seen. While it is a small institu- Rev. Enrique Rivera worked night and day, and won universal respect tion, yet it has always been ac- and confidence. Had it not been knowledged by the people as a for them many of the poor would school of high ideals. Our strongest have starved to death. At the presnative workers have come from ent time the Capital city is being this Institute. It is located on the rebuilt and trees and grass which main highway leading out of Santi- were scorched as if by a fire, are ago, toward the east. covered with a new green cloak.

The recent cyclone did not do much damage on the north side of FELLOWSHIP WITH JESUS CHRIST By FRANCIS SHUNK DOWNS, D.D.

More important than work for Jesus is fellowship with Jesus. We like to report that devils are cast out as we wage our spiritual warfare, but our Saviour reminds us to rejoice that our names are written in heaven.

The secret of Paul's missionary energy is to be found in his own words: "To me to live is Christ." That is a profounder philosophy of life than "to work for Christ."

Count Zinzendorf in reply to a searching question once said: "I have only one passion; it is Christ." Yet the fruit of that concentrated passion was a missionary program that reached out into the unoccupied areas of the world.

David Livingstone in the days of his youth declared: "My great object is to be like Christ, to imitate Him as far as He can be imitated." It was this intimacy that caused the missionary fires to burn brightly in his soul, that led him to encompass a continent in his plans, and that moved him to pour out his life for the redemption of the enslaved and the lost.

D. CUSHMAN, OF

BY WILLIAM T. ELLIS, LL.D.

A .Journalist)s Tribute to a J[issionary NUrse ; FTER the war if Miss Cush- out of Turkey. There she became f i man had followed the fa~h- father and mother to tens of thouion, and had come to America sands of war's victims-the kut-el- to lecture and to be lionized, she Amaria British prisoners; the in- would to-day be known everywhere terned Roman Catholic priests and as one of the great women of the nuns; prisoners and refugees from world. Testimonial dinners would all corners of the wide domain of have been given her; the American the sultan; and thousands of Ar- Legion would have adopted her; menian orphans and deportees.

magazines would have printed Throughout the days of conflict articles about her; rotagravures she alone represented the allied and would have carried a succession of pictures of her and her decora- neutral nations in Anatolia. Brevet tions; women's clubs would have idolized her·; and high and low rank was given her as the acting would have united in tributes to her as one of the spectacular fig- consul of seventeen nations. Upon ures of the world war. assurance of Ambassador Morgan- thau, before the curtain of silence But with the rugged individual- fell on Turkey, that her drafts ity which she inherited from her would be honored, she wrote in Mayflower ancestors, Emma D. simple faith, checks for over a mil- Cushman, preferred to remain in lion dollars, for carrying on her the Near East and to carryon mod- unparalleled work of ministry and estly her great work as a mission- relief. She was nurse, almoner, adary and relief administrator. So ministrator, priest, missionary, finwhen she passed away, with the old ancier and statesman. Only those year, three brief paragraphs in a whose lives she saved can underpress dispatch were her only pub- stand the magnitude of Miss Cushlic recognition. I visited Miss Cush- man's work at Konia. A man in man in Egypt a few weeks before Jerusalem wept openly as he told she died; as I had earlier visited me how Miss Cushman had interher in Corinth, Eubea and Konia. vened between his whole family To the end, even when malignant and certain death. After the war malaria and fatal anemia had her Miss Cushman never saw America in their grip, she was the same again. She carried on as a master serene, sunny, self-contained, and relief worker: the number of her unassuming character, her speech charges in Greece reduced to five savored with the salt of a piquant thousand; which, she naively re- marked to me, were really enough personality. for one woman to handle! The real romance of Miss Cush- It is to be hoped that some gifted man's story should not be lost to writer will produce a biography of Miss Cushman that will preserve the world.* This dauntless mis- her spectacular story as one of the outstanding pieces of missionary sionary-nurse refused to leave Ko- literature and American history in nia when foreigners were ordered the Near East.

~d part of it in my book, "Bible Lands Todny."

197

A COLOMBIAN

BY THE REV. ALEXANDER M. ALLAN, BOGOTA, COLOMBIA ONE night an expert in his line, this new day. Chemists have been and an intelligent freethink- able to generate plant life." er dined in my home in Bogota. He wanted to see a book on I suggested that the supposed the Panama question, saying that spontaneous generation might only while undoubtedly President Roose- prove that germs and seeds could velt was greatly to blame for the live in conditions where we thought manner of taking the canal, yet as they would die, but he continued. a liberal, he would like to show up the intrigue of the Conservative "Matter is, along with force, the party in Bogota in those critical explanation of everything." years. Such intrigue was, he thought, as much responsible for "What about the future life?" I the loss of the fair Province as was queried. Mr. Roosevelt's impatient abruptness. "There is no room for it," was He went on to. discuss the future the answer. "We die and that is of Protestantism in Colombia. "We the end. There is no hereafter. In want you to go ahead," he said, our influence and only there, can "above all in good school work. we live after death." Schools are the thing to undermine fanaticism and ignorance. Concen- "If there be no immortality," I trate on them. Make them superi- asked, "how can we assure ouror." selves even of the existence of God?" "What about our evangelistic work?" I queried. "My dear man, we know there is no God. Why try to sustain the "You know we think your fable? We have to develop ourchurches are far better for our peo- selves slowly through the ages. pIe than the established churches. Gravitation does not need a God to The Protestant is 'the least harmful work it. It works itself." of all religions. Work among the poor, uplift the masses, and you "What is the characteristic creed will do good." of freethinkers," I asked.

"What about our message for the "Not all think alike, but more or educated classes?" I asked. less we are materialistic, and either openly atheistic, as I myself am, or "You have none," came the swift else we believe in the existence of reply. "You cannot expect intel- some great first cause, such ideas ligent, thoughtful men to listen to are very indistinct and hazy." religion. We do not need it. Laplace was once asked, after he and "Do you think the liberal party some others had viewed the won- will ever evolve some religion ders of the starry heavens through which will compromise between a telescope, where God came in, free thought and say, evangelism?" and he at once replied, 'We do not was my next question. His answer need Him.' That is how we feel in was significant.

"Between a thorough-going ra- tionalism and Christianity, I fail to see any middle ground. It is the one or the other. You cannot mix them. Besides, we do not need or 198

W3J J WITH A COLOMBIAN FRl£ETHINKER tV9

want any religion at all. We have reader will already have drawn had more than enough disaster from the foregoing such concluthrough religion." sions as these: In our friendly conversation, he 1. The historical and racial backrevealed frankly his attitude, which is that of the educated liberal free- ground of Latin America is entirethinkers towards evangelical mis- ly different from that of Anglosionary work. Paraphrased, it is something like this: After all, these Saxon America. Protestants come from highly civi- 2. The medieval character and lized lands, and spend money for our country's good. We must show political abuses of the Roman Caththem courtesy, and encourage olic Church for centuries have been them. Every boy they educate will responsible for the loss of religious be entitled to vote when he can read faith of many reasoning men, and and will vote for the liberal party, have made it difficult for "good which is anti-clerical. English and seed of the Kingdom" to take root arithmetic are better than the and flourish. Catechism of Father Astete, and prepare for real life. Their mis- 3. Trained lecturers on apolosionary work, on the whole, will getics, who can present the claims help on the liberal part. Both they of Christianity on philosophical, and we expose the corruption of scientific, moral, intellectual and spiritual grounds, have an immense the dominant church. On negative and inviting field in Latin America. issues, we have much in common. If they do not convert many, they 4. For the formation of national do no harm, being upright men churches, the rank and file will natwho unfailingly pay their bills. Of urally and rightly come from "the common people who hear Him gladcourse, it would never do for men ly" and unto them should we direct in our social and intellectual posi- our greatest efforts. tion to go to their poor churches, and sit next to Indians. The preach- 5. The advice of the freethinker, er would only bore us with some to concentrate on schools rather antiquated myths, which we have than on an aggressive evangelism, outgrown completely. Neverthe- is advice not to be taken. "We know less, we like to meet the mission- in whom we have believed, and are aries in hotels and steamers, and persuaded." The school is the handit is jolly to have dinner with them maid of the Church, not the subonce in a while. stitute. Paul, not the freethinking onlooker, is a safe guide in matters The thoughtful and discerning of mIssIOnary method. Jesus Christ, not materialistic atheism, "shall reign where'er the sun doth his successive journeys run."

General Charles Gordon, the hero of Khartum, was one of God's saints. He loved his Bible and made it his one great study. In letters to his sister, written in 1867 and published in 1888, he said: "The chief proof, that the Bible is good food, is the eating of it; the healing efficacy of a medicine, when it is used, is a demonstration that it is good…… I continue to have the most exquisite delight in the Bible beyond any past experience. All that dead time, when I read without interest, merely because I ought to do so, is now repaid me, and God brings the passages back to memory with the power of the Spirit."

A PASTOR WITH WORLD WIDE

T HE Rev. George Alexander, D.D., who died in New York City on December 12th, was, for forty-six years, a member of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church. From 1903 to 1924, he was president of the Board and both as member and as president his service was rendered with unsurpassed ability, faithfulness and grace.

Dr. Alexander's missionary interest began in his childhood at his mother's knee and was deepened in his college and seminary course. Eight of his seminary classmates in the Class of 1870 at Princeton, one-fifth of the class, went to the foreign field, four in connection with the Board-Dr. Imbie to Japan, Dr. Howell to Brazil, Mr. Seeley and Dr. Lucas to India. One of the others was George L. Mackay, the missionary pioneer and builder of Formosa. Of all these only Dr. Lucas now remains. DUring his first pastorate at Schenectady Dr. Alexander taught in Union College and some of his ablest students went out to the mission field. He looked upon these men, like Dr. Griswold, of India and Dr. Waddell. of Brazil. as his own sons and they looked up to him with filial affection and unbounded regard. When the Student Volunteer Movement began he was its chief sponsor and friend among ministers and missionary leaders.

For many years Dr. Alexander was Chairman of the Committee on India. He strongly supported Dr. Ellinwood, for whom he had the highest admiration, in the aggressive policies which he introduced, especially in the occupation of Korea and the Philippines. He visited Brazil and attended the Latin American Missionary Conference in Panama in 1916, and served for more than thirty years as president of the Board of Trustees of Mackenzie College in Sao Paulo, and was its mainstay and bulwark. No part of the foreign mission field and no missionary problem or human need was alien to him. He had a place which no one else has held during the past half century in the affection and trust of the Board and its members and its missionaries, to all of whom he was endeared by the noble qualities of his pure and genial and gracious spirit. By reason of his long service. he has had to do with the commissioning of more missionaries than any other Presbyterian in Christian history and his death will awaken personal and affectionate memories around the world.

A PRAYER Show me, Lord, the way 'Of lDve That leads tD heaven and Thee, abDve Teach me tD see 'neath cDlored skin, The heart, like mine, that rests within.

Open my eyes, that I may be FrDm racial prejudice set free.

Help me tD clasp with friendly hands Those who may come frDm 'Other lands; And with my friends across the sea, Hand in hand, to CDme to Thee.

Orange, Calif. -Mildred Watson.

200

OF THE

Clouds with Silver Linings resources and obligations, our inherit- ance and our debt to God? Very few Drought, high prices, high tariff, Christians in either America or Eng- high wages, high living, reckless land know what material deprivation speculation and spending, and world- is compared with that experienced wide unrest have united to produce daily and without complaint by fellow unemployment and hard times. Not Christians in the villages of China, only have fortunes been lost but in- India, Siam, Korea and the Islands of comes have been so reduced that, for the Sea. Gold is no substitute for multitudes, giving, spending and sav- God; full stomachs do not make up ing have become difficult. While mil- for starved spirits; many impover- lions of those who complain of hard ished Christians who have no treasure times still find money to spend on laid up on earth, have laid up riches pleasure, trav~l, the theater, movies, that no financial crash or loss of a job sports and other nonessentials, millions can take away.

more find it difficult to meet necessary But there is, even in times of finan- expenses for rent, coal, clothing and cial stress and of shortage in mission- food. Naturally the Church also suf- ary budgets, a gold or silver lining to fers and all forms of Christian activity the cloud that may forecast a better, –even charitable relief. Every church brighter day. Large incomes bring and missionary organization faces a greater dangers than small stipends.

de5.cit or a decrease in income. This Individuals and mission boards are means not only inability to advance tempted to spend lavishly when in- and a curtailment of service but in comes are large. Wealthy churches at many cases it means the dismissal of home build ornate and elaborate edi- Christian workers, the closing of fiees that do not generally mean pro- schools, hospitals and a reduction in portional spiritual life and service.

already meagre salaries. The most effective colleges and theo- Not less than three hundred million logical schools, from a Christian point people in Asia and Africa are still un- of view, are not usually those with the reached by the Gospel message. The finest buildings and largest endow- results of failure are seen today in the ments. Some missions in foreign lands atheistic communism in China and are still suffering from the lavish Russia, in the materialism in Japan, spending authorized when the Inter- Europe and Latin America, in the re- church World Movement was expected ligious bigotry in Moslem lands, in the to triple resources. It is a truism that superstitious paganism in Africa and poverty and self-denial are more con- among spirit worshippers. We Amer- ducive to spiritual life and service ican Christians still have the means to than are riches with self-indulgence.

promote a forward movement if we are Among the benefits that may come ready to make real material ·sacrifices to the Church and individuals at home for spiritual gains-sacrifices such as and to the mission work abroad marked the early Christians and such through the present financial stress as mark converts today in India, in and strain are: Africa, Korea and other mission lands. 1. A more careful scrutiny of ex- Is not this a time to take stock of penditures in administration and in our real assets and liabilities, our true equipment.

201

2. A more simple, less expensive funds) that seemed spiritually barren, style of building for mission institu- while other schools, suffering for what tions, a type not too far above the seem to be essentials, produce rich homes of the people they serve and not harvests. The early missionaries went beyond the ability of the Christian out with a minimum of financial re- community to maintain. sources but with a wealth of faith and 3. A new evaluation of the various the results are seen today. Some schools and hospitals, well equipped forms of missionary work, with a view and ,supported, give evidence of wide to finding out which is most productive influence and effective spiritual servin spiritual results; possibly a de- ice. But in every case where this is crease in the institutional work in true the real dependence is on God favor of evangelism. and on spiritual methods and forces. 4. A new study of the field to dis- If adversity and poverty drives us to our knees, it is a blessing. If comfort cover where forces can be withdrawn from well supplied areas and can be or affluence make us selfish and indesent into unoccupied territory. pendent of God, it proves a curse.

5. A closer cooperation or union of Christian forces to avoid duplication We believe that out of the present and waste of effort and re,sources. financial distress will come a clearer 6. An advance movement toward estimate of values, a wiser use of self-support and autonomy in the na- funds, a closer cooperation with other tional churches abroad and in home Christian workers, a greater economy mission churches in America. Abun- in resources, a stronger indigenous dance of foreign money is a great Church, a larger spiritual emphasis detriment to the development of an and a more complete reliance on God.

indigenous church. Already financial stress at home has brought bless- After the Round Table Confering through increased independence ence-,;Vhat ? abroad.

7. The greatest blessing that comes Mahatma Gandhi and all members in periods of financial stress is the of the All-India Congress Committee unveiling of the eyes to see the supreme importance of eternal thing£, have been set at liberty and India has the need for greater emphasis on spir- been promised constitutional self-govitual realities and the fact that our ernment as a dominion of the British dependence for power and for success Empire, as a result of the Round is on God and not on gold. Table Conference in London that ended on January 26th. Indian polit- Financial and Spiritual Power ical prisoners (60,000) are to be set at liberty, provided that the Indians In our recent journey through the promise peaceful cooperation. Great mission field£ of the Orient, we were Britain reserves some rights and recontinually seeking the answer to the sponsibilities in India, including in- question-what is the relation between ternational relations and preservation financial expenditure and spiritual of peace and order. Moslems, Hindus harvests? Do larger salaries produce and other religious sects, caste and better missionaries-and secretaries- out-caste representatives, delegates and editors? How far do fine build- from British India and from Native ings and better equipment insure bet- States, came to a larger measure of ter men and women-from a Christian agreement than was anticipated; the point of view? Do million dollar en- rights of minorities are safeguarded, dowments mean richer spiritual re- but the details of the program remain sults? We saw some (very few) to be worked out. Mahatma Gandhi elaborate and well equipped education- still refuses to cooperate in this pro- al buildings (built with mission gram and demands complete independ-

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

ence-which, if granted immediately, pressive is His Parable of the Talents would result in chaos. with its infinite award: "Thou has It is too early to forsee what the result will be if India takes over all been faithful over a few things, I will local governmental functions, including the judiciary and police systems, make thee ruler over many things, the imposition, collection and expenditure of the salt tax and other internal enter thou into the joy of thy Lord." and external revenues; the management of railways and telegraph lines; Theoretically we assent to the the educational program and the laws to govern temple rites and religious truth of these teachings, but to have freedom. Great Britain has thus far made good her promise to grant India them actually and supremely motivate a constitutional government. It now remains for India to show her fitness life and control possessions is another for enlightened self-rule. It will be interesting to see what is the result matter. Such motivation can only be in the moral development of the Indians, the progress toward the solu- greatly promoted through the living tion of the caste problem, the right to Christian education, and real freedom contagion of men and women who are from religious persecution. experiencing the peace and happiness The Seed Bed of Happiness of this joyous living and giving. The world is full of needs. It could be bubbling over with joy in supply- Nothing is quite so contagious as ing these needs if we would overthrow the greed motive for life and abounding JOY. obey Jehovah's command, "Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself." Earth's Possibly it has taken 2,000 years for antipodes are now our neighbors, and it is astonishing, how many nations the earth's spiritual seed bed to be today, in spite of these well-known needs, are worrying over disposition ready for a wide and vigorous growth of their surplus products. of Christ's revolutionary teachings, so Nearly all the social problems of humanity and the desperate woes of the contrary to man's selfish nature. world can be met and solved when people cheerfully give as Christ taught. Jesus, Himself, met defeat with the We mean by this sacrificial, happy, and liberal expenditure of life and that rich young ruler and virtually prowhich represents life, accumulated wealth, for meeting human needs. nounced the task of converting human Think over some of Christ's teachings -"It is more blessed (happy) to give riches to the Kingdom of God then imthan to receive"; "Lay not up for yourselves treasures on earth"; "Lay possible. In His statement. however, up treasures in heaven, for where your treasure is there will your heart be of '~reater things" being done by His also"; "Seek ye first the kingdom of God"; "He that saveth his life shall followers "b,ecause I go to the Father," lose it"; "What shall it profit a man to gain the whole world 7". Most im- perhaps He indicated what is now be- coming widely possible. Great reser- voirs of accumulated wealth are today under direct control of God's children.

Will they gloriously release it for the real and final Armageddon against sin, suffering and death? If they will.

other great social and religious world problems besides economic want will be speedily solved.

There are favoring signs in the al- truistic attitude now being taken by men of wealth, many not professed disciples of Jesus.

The cultivation of Joyful Giving must increasingly attract the deepest interest of the Church. How much happier it is to relieve great need through wisely administering our in- dividual estates while living rather than leaving unearned wealth to heirs. Many thereby have cursed their descendants for generations.

This benevolent idea is not visionary.

It is practical beyond question and is increasingly being demonstrated all over the world. A. A. HYDE.

The Message for To-Day The Christian's Vocation There is a message in the Bible for Jesus did not believe in a hermit life or a hermit Church. We are here for each of us. Ever it contains a key a purpose, and each has a definite vo- cation. It is to manifest Christ to the that will unlock the door that opens world. We are not here to become critics of others, to find fault with on a better day. It places a halo others, least of all to force our prin- ciples upon others from the outside by around every earthly relation. external pressure. We are here to manifest Christ to the world, to be Of the child it says: "Of such is unto men as an angel or messenger of God. The great hope that fills the soul the kingdom of Heaven." inspires it with a Sense of responsibil- ity to manifest Christ as our Lord and Of old age it says: "The hoary head Master. Our present generation is very indifferent to the voice of the is a crown of glory, if it be found in Church, and I cannot blame it much. The reason is plain. We have offered the way of righteousness." the world in our time a Saviour too small for the tragic necessities of life. Of marriage it says: "For this In easy times the Jesus of popular literature, the Good Companion always cause shall a man leave father and at our side, may suffice, but in the deep moods of the spirit, in the sharp mother, and cleave to his wife; and stresses and strains of our mortal ex- istence, the soul will cleave only to that they twain shall be one flesh." whose tragic meaning is deeper than the distresses of the world. There is a To blind poverty it says: "Receive very pathetic feeling after God in our world today. We can sense it all they sight." around us. What is needed is to re- kindle the fires upon the cold altars of To the paralytic it says: "Take up our hearts, to make them flame and glow within us until the world can thy bed and walk." feel the light and heat. Then in that buoyant hopefulness, that calm and un- To shame it says: "Neither do I disturbed peace, the world will see the manifestation of something beyond it, condemn thee; go and sin no more." and will come again, as it always did, asking the reason for the hope that is To the homesick and lonely it says: in us, and we can say we have sancti- fied Christ in our hearts as Lord. For "Come unto me, all ye that labor and what the world is looking for now is not so much some new philosophy of are heavy laden, and I will give you religion, but typical personalities whose experience explains the vitality rest." of the Christian faith.

The Bible deals with humanity on a HARRIS E. KIRK.

world scale. The religion it offers cannot be tethered to an age or a climate or a culture or a civilization.

It does not deal with tribal deities.

It is true there is something in the Vedas and the Upanishads, and the Koran, that matches the hoary East.

But there is a spaciousness about the Bible that knows no East nor West, that matches humanity. It speaks with a universal accent. It stirs moods that are racial. It offers God and all that He can give to all people. There is something in its truths that speaks with the same winsomeness of appeal to the people of all ages and all lands.

It was the message the first century needed. It is the message the twen- tieth century needs. And it will be just as much the message men will need twenty centuries hence. It is the message of life. And life is the mes- sage for all people. When men cease to care for life the Bible will be out of date. JAMES I. VANCE.

fTHODS fOR WORKf4

EDITED BY MRS. F. 1. JOHNSON, 150 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK RESEAROH WORK ON INDIA FOR 15. To exchange gifts and informa- BOYS AND GIRLS tion with Indian boys and girls.

Our boys and girls of from ten to 16. To learn a poem written by an fifteen years of age in practically all of Indian poet. our public schools are accustomed to doing research work. As missionary 17. To learn a hymn written by an workers among children is it possible Indian.

18. To help give the Bible to India.

that we have been less wise than day- Facts Concerning the Following school teachers ? We have found the following research topics delightfully 1. Rajahs and maharajahs. acceptable and profitable for this age 2. Bravery of Indian soldiers during. group. These are on India; other the World War. countries may be treated in the same 3. A great Indian Christian poet. fashion. Discussion should be made 4. A doctor who has restored sight easy so that all information tucked to 100,000 persons in India. away in the mind of everyone present 5. The recent discovery in India may become the possession of all. of the remains of towns nearly 5,000 years old. This set of topics was largely pro- 6. The caste system in India. duced by Master Edwin Harper, of 7. The sacred cow in India. Moga, India. 8. Some famous missionaries to In- How to Do the Following dia. 9. About boys and girls who go to 1. Make clay dishes by the method used in India. school and about those who do not. 10. About home life in Hindu fam- 2. Make baskets by the method used in India. ilies. 11. About the good beliefs in the re- 3. Make scarfs of tie and dye work. 4. Make curtains of block-printing. ligions of India. 5. Make bread. 12. The voyage to India. 13. The jungle elephants, tigers, 6. Spin thread. cobras, monkeys.

7. To play some of the musical in- 14. How immigration laws affect struments of India. Indians in America.

8. To say something in one of the 15. Boy Scouts in India.

languages of India. 16. Some English words that come 9. To make a model of a village in from the Hindustani language.

India. 1'7. Some thrilling adventures of 10. To dress up in costume of In- missionaries.

dian boys and girls. 18. Travel in India.

11. Do magician's tricks. 19. The climate and scenery of In- 12. Design rugs, borders, etc., in dia.

Indian designs. 20. The courtesy of India.

13. To do something for handi- 21. The health of India; the hunger capped Indian boys and girls. of India.

14. To play the games of Indian 22. The languages of India.

boys and girls. 23. India's need of Christ.

205

MISSIONARY EDUCATION IN THE stacie in the way of any friendliness if we but enlist his sympathy and ap- HOME preciation.

By MRS. OZORA S. DAVIS But international friendship, like all other friendship, must be built upon The above title seems a simple one, knowledge. To be a friend of anyone and yet it is really rather inadequate. we must first know something about Our religious vocabulary J.s under- that person. So we need to find stories going a subtle change in the last few which shall make these children of years and especially that portion of other lands real, and we are fortunate it which has to do with Christian serv- in this generation in that we haVEr atice in foreign lands. We prefer the tractive picture books made for this words "world friendship" or "inter- particular purpose and as appealing national mindedness" to the words with their pictures as any other books "missions" and "missionary." "Hea- designed for five and six year olds. then" is gone altogether from Congre- There are "Kembo," "A Little Girl of gational circles, and even such a re- Africa," "Ah Fu," "A Chinese River liable term as "education" does not Boy," and "The Three Camels," by quite express the process with which Miss Newell and Miss Woods. "The we are dealing in this article-at least, World in a Barn," is an attractive volas it is conceived by many people. ume prepared by Gertrude C. Warner. Mary Entwistle, an English writer, is Words are ,very difficult things to the author of a number of missionary manage sometimes, restless things and books for children-"Friends of Ours," elusive as sunlight dancing on a wall. "Boys and Girls," and "Friendly Beasts," "The Book of Other Babies," Religion cannot be obtained in the "Little Children of Mission Lands," last analysis by teaching, any more and "The Book of a Chinese Baby." than love can be taught. Friendship, F·or children of Junior age there are international as well as individual, can- such stories as "Habeab," and "Boys not be drilled into any child by rote, and Girls in Other Lands," by Mary and yet there must be a foundation of T. Whilley, and "Two Young Arabs," ordinary instruction if it is to be sane- by Amy E. Zwemer. The little publilyordered. cation, "Here and There Stories," at 50 cents a year has not been surpassed, Perhaps this may be made clearer by and the same department puts out a an illustration. Last summer there was booklet for mothers. many a fire laid in a little cottage in the woods of New England. The wood As the teen age approaches it is a was placed, sometimes like a log house, great thing for the young people to be one tier above another, and then when introduced to some of our great relithat had been done the match was gious leaders both in our own land and touched to the bit of birch bark and in other countries. This is an age when the slender kindlings beneath, and the we are fully awake to the value of fire blazed high. So in the religious biography. Among these books I may education of a child there must be first suggest: "Ann of Ave," by Ethel the bit of joy through story or game, Daniels Hubbard, "Livingstone, the then the building up of information, Pathfinder," by Basil Matthews, "The one tier above another, but something White Queen of Okoyong," by W. P. more is still necessary-the flame. Livingstone, "Frank Higgens," "Trail Blazer," by Thomas Whitles, "Brother We have always one great asset Van," a worker in the lumber region, with which to begin, the wonderful by Stella Brummitt, and the "Land of gift of imagination. To a little child All Nations," eight fascinating stories the universe is open. It lies all around by foreigners who have come to Our him with no pathway closed by this or land and made good. that past action or prejudice. What an opportunity is ours then to lead the interest of the child down this or that opening trail! There is no ob-

METHODS FOR WORKERS

For the mother who gives herself in growth in our religious life, even more hours of play and unselfish activity vital and more endless than in the in- with her children there are many ways tellectual realm. Yet how many of us in which the child's interest may be are equally anxious that our children directed toward this friendship for should not be stunted at any point in children of the "far away lands." Map- their spiritual development? Surely making with pulp made from news- one most obvious line of the growth of papers, or with sand, makes the distant the spirit is that love which fashions world real in the home nursery. Pic- all our human relationships. Is this ture puzzles may be made from some love of ours to be bounded by the fam- of the beautiful pictures which appear ily circle, or is it to grow with the in the Missionary Herald or other pub- years until in due season it reaches lications. A little library of scrap- out in genuine interest to all that con- books with pictures of different coun- cerns mankind 7 The way in which tries and strange people and animals that question will be answered depends is cherished by the child. Then there upon ourselves as parents-not upon are things which may be made to send what we say, or even wholly upon what away, doUs to be dressed, tops, scrap- we do, but upon what we are.

books, Christmas tree decorations, and But the law of love is that it can postcards with something pasted over never be confined. It must ever find the writing. an outlet. Susan Blow says: A few books 'for parents who are in- Love grows with being spent, terested in reading along these lines But starves in its own plenty pent. are: "A Social Theory of Religious Education," by George Albert Coe, That is a tremendous thing to learn, Charles Scribners Sons, N. Y,; "Train- and there is no other laboratory where ing World Christians," by Gilbert it can be practised during the early Loveland, Methodist Book Concern, N. years as it can be in the home. This is Y.; "Psychology of the School Child," the very essence of missionary educa- by Bird T. Baldwin and Lorle I. Stet- tion. Here the child's question about cher, Appleton & Co., N. Y.; "Child- the meaning of the universe must be hood and Character," by Hugh Hart- answered and all his first efforts to shane, Pilgrim Press, Boston; The relate himself to the world of the spirit Essay on Child's Play in "Virginibus must take place.

Puerisque," by Robert Louis Steven- J. H. Oldham in his book, "Chris- son, Scribners, N. Y. tianity and the Race Problem," says, But now to turn to the reality be- "Nothing will contribute more to the hind all this, for suggestions as to improvement of racial relations than reading and doing ar~ after all, very the influence, largely unconscious, of insignificant compared with that man- individual men and women who diffuse ner of thinking which a child absorbs a spirit of fairmindedness, goodwill from the attitude of his home. How and friendliness, because they have does the family circle think-in terms lived in secret with divine truth, beau- of its own private interests, in terms ty and goodness. Such personalities of national affairs, or does it reach out are a creative force. Those who have into the international realm of this in mind will find in the casual con- thought 7 What do its members read tacts of daily life plentiful occasions when they take up the daily papers, for its expression. A smile of sym- the murder and divorce cases, the last pathy, a kindly word, an act of cour- information from the capitol at Wash- tesy to a stranger of another race may ington or from the League of Nations 7 accomplish more than we dream. The What do they talk about at the dinner relations between races are determined table? What do they really care about 7 not by the actions of governments What do they pray about 7 alone but by the personal contacts of There is endless opportunity for multitudes of individuals . . . In

these passing incidents of the daily rels, took charge of the mite boxes, and round the Christian spirit has the op- entertained visiting missionaries. She portunity of manifesting its creative had always been· at the head of the character." church mis·sionary society, was always ready to respond when funds were How do we make up the family needed to educate a Hindu orphan or budget and do the children have any a Southern mountaineer. She talked knowledge of it? Is a due proportion very feelingly of the "poor benighted for the needs of .others included? Do heathen" : and frequently expressed the children know about these objects ber belief as to her duty toward those to which we give? Are we ourselves "brothers and sisters still living in interested in them? Do we enjoy our outer darkness." giving, and do the children have an opportunity to share that joy? Or is For her lovely little daughter Muriel, it merely a dull duty? Are they al- she craved no more gl.orious career lowed to give a part and do we help than that of a missionary in the darkthem to picture in imagination what est corner of the earth. Muriel was at becomes of their dollars? That is mis- this time nine years of age, fairsionary education in the home. haired, blue-eyed, delicate, and spirit- ual. Probably there are some people of foreign birth in our town or city. What Now Mrs. Hancock had never seen is the attitude of the family toward a heathen, or a Southern Mountaineer. them-the Italian ashman, the J apa- Her home was, and always had been nese cook, the Negr.o porter, the Chi- in a small New England town, shelnese laundryman, the Polish road- tered by mountains and hemmed in by builder? Are they "dagoes," and "po- conservatism. Theoretically she knew lacks," and "niggers," and "chinks," everything about rescuing the perishor are they men indeed, our very ing; practically, she knew nothing. brothers in the sight of God? The However, the heathen were very vivid whole subject grows more difficult as to Mary Hancock; and always she picwe approach our own neighborhood. tured them as being led to the light But this is missionary education in the by her daughter Muriel. She could home. close her eyes and see a vast crowd of dusky, kneeling figures with rapt Are you looking for one of the most eager faces turned toward the delicate, effective home. missionary stories ever saint-like, radiant face of 'Muriel, clad wrUten? Well, here it is, adapted for in flowing robes of white with an open use by Mrs. Georgia McAdams Clifford, book, and with an uplif,ted, beckoning President of the American Association hand. Yes, it was easy to picture of Story Tellers. It is a gift from Mrs. Muriel among the heathen. Clifford to the MISSIONARY REVIEW Methods. Muriel never missed a missionary meeting. She even went to the con- Be sure to select the very best talent ferences in the neighboring towns. It your town affords for the telling of was part of her training, you see. One it at one of your early meetings. very warm afternoon Mrs. Hancock and Muriel returned from a four days' THE TRAINING OF MISSIONARY missionary conference in a neighbor- ing town, to find the long vacant house MARY next to their home occupied. She won- dered who would be her new neigh- By ELEANOR PORTER bors. As she stepped out of the cab and ·stamed up the walk, she paused. RC(lITUHgcd 10'1' telling bV G. M. O. On her front steps sat a barefooted, dirty, ragged little girl eating peanuts. No one in the church was more en- On the ground at the little girl's feet tirely devoted to missions than Mary sprawled a boy, a little younger, a Hancock. In fact, someone had dubbed her "Mi·ssionary Mary." She it was who always packed the missionary bar-

METHODS FOR WORKERS

little dirtier. Under the apple tree, ticed, at ten she sewed, and at eleven 110t far away, was a man, a woman and she played. That is, she took her two children, one a child of perhaps dolls and picture book out into the about two years of age, the other a gal'den and placed them sedately in small baby in his arms. Instinctively the summer house. Today she did not Mary Hancock thrust Muriel half be- play house with her dolls as usual, for hind her. "Why, how-who-what in the neighboring yard two girls and does this mean?" she demanded. three boys were playing. The moment The boy scurried behind a syringa the children saw her they ran to the bush. The girl almost fell down the steps, dropping the peanuts as she went. The man jumped to his feet almost dropping the baby. He re- moved his cap and bowed very low be- fore her. His brow l'evealed two daz- zling rows of teeth. "You live-a here '!"

he asked. .

"I do."

"We, too, live-a here," pointing to the house next door.

Mary Hancock almost screamed, "You, you live there?"

"Si-yes, Signora, in dees house. We come-a two, t'ree, four day away. We are-what you say-a? da neighbors.

Si-yes 1"

Mrs. Hancock looked wildly about her. "Muriel, come, let us go into the house, at once." From behind the half closed blinds Mary Hancock watched her neighbors slowly wend their way from her beautifully kept yard to their unkept one. Then she hastily pulled down all the shades.

That night at the dinner table she sought an explanation from her hus- MRR. Cr.IF~'ORD TELLING HER GRAND- band. "William, what does it mean- SON HIS FIRST STORY those dreadful people in the old Den- net house? Who are they 1" summer garden in Muriel's back yard.

"Italians," said William, "Cosetti, "Hello," said one of the girls.

is the name. They came here to work "How do you do," said Muriel. Of in the foundry." course, she was never allowed to say, "William, you don't mean they are "Hello."

going to live there?" "Come on over and play."

"Looks like it." That was a very ·simple matter and "But William, they are . . ." Sud- in a moment Muriel was in the neigh- denly, realizing that Muriel was listen- bor's yard, something she had never ing, she stopped. done before. Such wonderful beings The next morning at eleven o'clock, they were. They played the most fas- Muriel went out into the yard to play. cinating games, Presently she heard, Muriel never went out to play until "Muriel, Muriel, come here to mother, eleven o'clock. Mary Hancock believed at once!" Of course, Muriel came.

in system, and she had system for "Why my poor little daughter, how Muriel. At seven ·she rose; at eight did it happen ?"

she wiped the dishes, at nine she prac- "How did what happen, mother?"

4

"How did you happen to go over in told them 1 couldn't come over in their their yard?" yard, so they all came over here, we are having a lovely time." "1 just went and they are perfectly "I am sorry, Muriel, but it is time lovely, mother. They are so much for you to come in now. Yes, at once. nicer than dolls. Mother they are won- You must have your bath before derful!" luncheon."

The cautious mother of an only child That night as Mary Hancock was fell back in dismay. "But Muriel, I putting Muriel to bed and hearing her can't let you." prayers, she told her not to invite the children again. She gave no reason "Mother," said the eager little voice except that mother thinks best. Muriel again, "there is the dearest little tiny was grieved and keenly disappointed, girl, she is so much more fun than a but she obeyed, for the next day when dolt. They know the cutest games. If Mary Hancock looked out and sawall I practice well, may I go back this the children in her yard as usual, she afternoon ?" called "Muriel, what did mother say?"

"Of course not, my daughter; of "You said not to invite them, moth- er, but weren't they dear, they came course not, don't mention it." without being invited." The next morning Muriel went out That night Mary Hancock appealed as u·sual at eleven O'clock, carrying her to her husband. "William, something dolls to the summer house. At eleven- must be done about those unspeakable thirty Mary Hancock looked out the Italians." window. There. in her own back yard were the new neighbors-Muriel sit- "What is the matter with them? ting in their midst. She hurried to the They seem a good natured lot." door. But before she had a chance to speak Muriel said, "Oh, here is moth- "Good natured, William! This afterer; now come, mother, and be intro- noon I went to their back yard, and duced." Now Mary Hancock had spent would you believe me, six children, so much time teaching Muriel what to mother, and father and four boarders do when she was introduced and she are living in that house. William, do knew that she must set the example. you want your child to associate with There was nothing else to do. Muriel's children like that?" eager little voice went on: "This is Carlotta Cosetti, and this is Rosina "Well," said William, "Is there any Cosetti, and this is Clementina Cosetti, harm? Just don't let her play with and this is Christopher- Cosetti, and them if you don't approve." this is Valentia Cosetti, and this is the baby Angelica Cosetti." There was a "I'm sure I don't know what to do moment's pause. for Muriel is completely fascinated with them. She's never touched one On Muriel's face was a look of con- of her dolls since she's seen that Italfident expectancy; and Mary Hancock ian baby. I'll have to keep her in the knew that she was expected to take house." each new neighbor by the hand in cordial welcome as Muriel had been Just how the matter would have taught to do in acknowledgment of worked out is a question if Mrs. Hanintroduction. "How-how do you do?" cock had not been summoned to her She stammered. She was hoping to mother's bedside the next day. It was escape the hand shaking. But the in- necessary to ask Aunt Jane, Mr. Hansistent voice of little Muriel said, cock's sister to stay with Muriel and "Shake hands with the lady, Valentino, keep the house while Mary was away. shake hands. This is the way to learn Her absence was prolonged from days to be polite, you see." Six dirty little to weeks and from weeks to a month. hands were presented and Mary Han- The aged mother had grown worse cock was forced to shake them all. and it was necessary for Mary Han- cock to remain. One day she received "You see, mother," said Muriel, "I a letter from Jane.

METHODS FOR WORKERS

"I am sorry," she wrote, " to trouble sorry but I had to tell you. Lovingly, you, but matters have gone utterly be- Jane."

yond my control. It is about Muriel. With shaking fingers Mary Han- Don't worry, she is perfectly happy, cock folded the letter. Her eyes were too happy, in fact. When I first came wet, yet frightened. Before them I had no trouble, Muriel >stayed quietly danced old time visions, a group of in the house playing with her dolls. dusky, kneeling figures, with faces She actually looked lonely and home- turned toward the saint-like, radiant sick and I felt sorry· for the little face of Muriel, clad in flowing robes of thing. white and with uplifted, beckoning "Then, one day came a ·sudden and hand. And then came the reality-no most marvelous change. Muriel had dusky, kneeling throng, no unap- gone home after Sunday School and I proachable aloofness, but a swarm of had stayed to church. When I opened dirty, lively little Italian children be- the front door, the house seemed filled ing washed in her bath tub. "It shall with wild screams of delight, which not be," said Mary Hancock. "I shall sent me in haste to the bath room. write to Muriel tonight."

There, I found Muriel and the two But she did not wdte that night, for youngest Cosetti children. 'What in the invalid mother passed away, and the world,' I called. 'Auntie,' called for many days her heart and hands Muriel, 'what do you think? They are were full. At last she went home, home the heathen, why didn't I know it be- to Muriel. Her husband was with her.

fore? They are regular heathen. On He had come for the funeral. At the the way home from Sunday School I home station they found everyone in walked behind two men, one of them wild confusion. There had come a said, "Isn't it too bad that heathen sudden smallpox scare, and many were Italian family moved into this neigh- reported to be ill, and among them was borhood?" Isn't it wonderful, Auntie, Muriel.

I don't have to go away from home to The frightened mother and father take care of the heathen, I can do it fairly ran up the hill toward the little right here.' house.

"'But Muriel,' I said, 'Mother has At the door they met Aunt Jane, said you were not to play with the "Don't worry," she said. "It is all Cosetti children.' right, it is no smallpox, only chicken "'I'm not playing with them. I'm pox. The doctor says she'll be all right being a missionary to them. Being soon. But I don't know whatever I clean is next to being good, and that is would have done but for them. They what a missionary is for. I have used would have taken Muriel to the pest the very nicest soap on them, and house; if it hadn't been for them."

mother's nicest wash cloths and moth- By "them" she meant Mr. and Mrs.

er's ·best perfumery. I don't have to Cosetti, standing bashfully in the hall- grow up to be a missionary, I've start- way. "No one would come near me,"

ed missionaring already.' went on Aunt Jane. "Everyone was so "I'm sure, Mary, I don't know what frightened, and the officers came to to do, she is so serious about it. All take Muriel to the pest house and the day long she teaches those children Cosetti family saw them and came in what to eat, and what to wear and how and Mrs. Cosetti has never left me to shake hands and to wash behind ,since."

their ears. She teaches them to sing, "It ees notting," said the little Ital- and pray and she's taught them to ian woman softly. "It ees glad that salute the flag. What shall I do? Shall I am to be the help."

I let it go on? On the other hand, can Mary Hancock noticed how smooth I stop it without shattering . . . Well, her hair was and how clean her breast.

for some reason I feel that I don't "Da lettle garl-she be so good to want to be the one to shatter it. I'm us, Signora," beamed the man. "She

teach-a da song of dees countree– smoke and the acid which the mill- 'Sweet Lan 0' Libertee.' We love-a da smoke contains. A community, also, song. We love-a da countree. We love- in which little activity is provided for a da lettle gar!." young people.

"It ees like this," said the woman, Every Tuesday night for four weeks "Da leetle girl we loves her so well. She an intermediate group of young folks is ·so good! She teech-a us so much. met to make paper roses. Some love:y In my own country, I hear a story like products resulted. These were placed this. A marble woman, a beautiful in a basket and on each stem was faswoman-what you call it1-was put tened the name of each person who up where all peoples who look want to would contribute twenty-five cents to be beautiful also-yes. They corned the treasury of the missionary s02iety. and looked and looked and looked and The basket of roses was pre-sented 2S by and by they made smooth their hair a birthday gift to an invalid of the and made clean their clothes, and their congregation, whom everyone loved tefaces, so to be like her-beautiful, you cause of her sweet, patient spirit. She know. And so it i·s now. And so it is especially appreciated the names of now, this lettle girl-what you call her? the donors and the thought of the Muriel ?-she ees our marble woman. group of young people. My lettle girls wear now the hair ribbon to tie their hair. They keep clean Why not try the plan in your town their faces and behind the ears and or church? they read-a da book, and they don't play the noise on Sunday. So you see, VITALIZING THE TREASURER'S she teech-a me too. She teach-a me to MONTHLY REPORT shake-a da hand and to be polite. And I teach-a you my lady, I long know this By MRS. MINETTE H. OSBORNE, skkness, little red things on the face Erie, Pa. and my man he keep-a da child 'ell, and cook-a da food and I stay here and The receipts in a socie'y mry be teech-a you how to make theskkness visualized by a large pester shewing go away from our little girl. Oh, she a hcuse with the number of doers and so sweet to teach-a me, 'My Ccuntry windows representing special funes· 'Tis.' She make-a me love America. [Cnd pIdges for epecifi:: werk. When She make-a my children gO::Jd, and me dues ar<:! all paid, the deers in f~cnt I make-a her well." open showing a golden baekground. When special pledges are all in hand There was a moment's p:lUse. Then the windows epen showing little picimpulsively Mary Hanco.k stretched tures of the worker supported cr the out a hand to each. "Thank yon," she school or other project. The whc~e whispered, "thank you, I am fortunate he use is roofed l:y shingles r~prcsUit­ in having such good r..eighbcrs." ing the extension members who have paid. This device will prove effective BEGINNING AT HOME in promoting the payment of pledges.

By MRS. P. H. AUSTIN UNINTERESTED HUSBANDS This method is original and worked By MRS. N. W. NOLEN, Pittsbu;gh splendidly in one locality. It renders a threefold service: first, it gives Instead of the morning paper on the young people something to do in the breakfast table, place there an attrachome tcwn; second, it brings cheer b tive missionary leaflet. Only one at a the invalid whom it is .go easy to for- time and near the husband's plate. Seget; third, it increases the income of lect one which has on it the picture the young people's circle. This plan of a missionary or a native worker. was carried out in a dirty, grimy, Create interest by first creating curirailroad and mill town where prac- osity. Mr. Nolen was won to the mistically no flowers grow because of the sionary cause by this method and is now an ardent supporter of his wife's missionary interests, both at home and abroad.

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QnNLAN, 105 East 22nd Street, New York, and FLORENCE G. TYLER, 419 Fourth Avenue, New York Executive Secreta1'ies of the Council of Women for Home Missions and Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions of North America COMMUNION OF THE SAINTS much wider. Now we understand that From Tonder, Denmark, came a let- women on the other side of the globe ter last April which said: "From Miss have thought the same thoughts and D., d Oslo, Norway, I received infor- realized them and we are glad to unite mation of the World Day of Prayer with you in prayer."

some few days before its arrival. We Appeal to All Christian Women were both very glad to be able to take part in it. I have met the thought of na~f~ll; ,~~;"e;~'~o )'f;l:;~ld~gi'1l l:ill s;:::.~s ~,t1~i~ it once before in the beautiful book ,,·orW. Th,',' ,I ill not know of the World Day by Mary Schauffler Platt, "A Straight of Prayer until last )Iarch.

Way Toward Tomorrow." In the Fore- Do we not feel today, Christian word it is said, "With a World Day of womel}, that we should join in prayer Prayer, a C()mmittee on Christian for all who strive in behalf of awaking Literature fer Women and Children, womanhood the world over?

and now the possibility of United A large number of women in all Study Throughout the World we are parts of the world are today trying to coming into a spiritual federation of shake off the bondage imposed by sin.

the Ch:istian women of the world for We, Christian women, find deliverance which we have longed and prayed." in JCS1.:S Christ. Does that not mean a Till one month ago I did net know great responsibility? This freedom more about the World Day of Prayer. that milliens cf pagan and Moslem I had some few days to infer:n s;)me 70men ar Jent:y seek has been granted of my friends in Denm~rk and Ger- to I,S Chris:ians by Jesus Christ. To many, :md I am -sure that they have depenJ on Gad alone is the only and als:) taI.cn part in it . . . tho true liberty, for in Jesu-g Christ «It is not so .that VIe women all over there exists no distinction between thc ea th ar3 connected in prayer in man and woman (Gal. 3: 28); Jesus ()ne moment. But I am so glad to think Christ wished to reveal His life in that if we al'() faithful in this prayer women [S in men, quite independently over thc whole earth, then the prayer of the sex (Gal. 2: 20). As Christian is constant,y advancing ever the e:trth, YiOmen, we need to examine ourselves, <,TId alway::; in tr.e foctsteps of the sun. whether Jesus Christ really lives in "Fer Miss D. and for me it was us (2 Cor. 13: 5), and then assume re- quite strange to read the subjects for sponsibility for making known to all prayer for a whcle week written by the those of our sisters, neal' or far, who young Philippine woman and the Call have not realized the truth, that inde- to Prayer addressed to women over pendence comes from Jesus Christ, and the whole earth. We have for four that it is a blessing, accorded to us years been united in prayer for the from His hand, to be used in His need of women over the whole earth; spirit and in His name.

two years ago we arranged the fol- Let us then join in prayer, asking lowing prayer sheet and one year ago God for the necessary guidance to the following letter to our sisters all serve as a help to all Christian women over the world. It has been spread to who stand hesitating at a parting of friends all over but we wanted to reach the ways. Ask God that He show us 213

that which we are called to be, as May God permit us to serve Him, man's companion in the home, and as and even to suffer, if that be His will. members of different groups or congregations. Ask Him to sanctify the wom- Cycle of Prayer an movement in the various parts of the world. Ask that He deign to as- Arranged and distributt'd by some Scaudi~ sist our sisters in the day when they nil vian women three ;ycars ago. break their chains, in order that each one of them may recognize in the pres- Monday ence of God the full extent of her freedom. Ask Him also to teach them to "Our Father who art in heaven; halreceive and to use that grace, in order lowed be thy name." We pray Thee also that we may be worthy of His bless- for ourselves, women in all parts of the ing in the establishing of His King- earth. Thou who hast created us acdom on this earth. cording to Thy image, recreate us through Thy power according to Thy Prayer in fellowship is one of His original idea. Give us a pure heart and very great blessings, and Jesus Christ renew in us a right spirit. Mat. 5: 8; has thereto given a promise (Mat. 18: John 3: 2-3; Mat. 6; 9-13; Gen. 1; 27; 19). Jesus Christ grants equally His Ps. 51; 12. attention to those who unitedly address themselves in prayer to Him and (Prayer for the woman movement in those who pray alone, each one in her the old world and for the other parts of sanctuary. Fellowship in prayer forti- the world where women are beginning to fies us and leads us to a communion awaken.) with the Holy Spirit. (2 Cor. 13: 13). In order to reach all those who are in Tuesday accord with us, we have prepared a cycle of prayer. The different topics "Thy Kingdom come" includes us in in this prayer have been arranged ac- the ranks of those who spread the glad cording to the days of the week and news of the victory of Jesus Christ on are based upon the prayer of Jesus Calvary. Send us, like Mary Magdalene, Christ to His Father. They are to our brothers and sisters to carry to grouped in such a way that the request them the news of the resurrection and for daily bread and for the Bread of ascension of our Lord. Mat. 5; 4; 2 Cor. Life comes on Thursday, the day when 7; 10; 2 Cor. 6; 10; Ps. 68; 10-12; John our Lord instituted His Supper, and 20; 17-18; 1 Cor. 1; 27-29. the prayer for remission of sins on Friday, the day of Calvary. So we be- (Prayer for all feminine spiritual gin this prayer on Monday and con- work; for women missionaries and those tinue to Sunday, the day when we who lead youth; for the Young Women's praise God for all his blessings and all Christian Association.) His gifts. Wednesday It is well to realize that the ideas set forth in this letter are being born "Thy will be done on earth as it is in at the same time in other countries heaven." Admit us women also to the and that a great number of people al- service for which Thou hast prepared ready share them. It goes without us, so that we may go forward. Whether saying that the fellowship of Chris- these good works be small or great, pertian women will be closer if we learn mit us, through Thy enabling to receive to know all the literature which treats all the abundance of Thy blessing in of the question of women and which order to accomplish Thy holy will in tells of the struggle in different places everything. Mat. 5: 3; Mat. 11; ~5; for the acquisition of this independ- Eph. 2: 10; 2 Cor. 9: 8; Rom. 12: 2; ence and the most certain means of Luke 1: 38.

attaining it. (Prayer for girls' schoDls, and the education of women.) Thursday "Give us this day our daily bread," food for our bodies and for our souls. Make us in our households worthy of the bread which thou hast given, but may each, whether at home or abroad, demon- strate that we live not by bread alone. but by every word which proceedeth out of the mouth of God. Revive us with the Bread of Life. Mat. 5; 6; Luke 6; 21-23; 1 Cor. 4: 2; Mat. 4; 4; John 6; 27, 35, 51-58.

(Prayer for the work of women in the home and for their married 'wel- fare.)

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

Friday have suggestions for the variety · of "Call" in future. You will note that "Forgive us our sins, as we also for- this year it has not included.a daily give those who have trespassed against · cycle. (See December REVIEW.) us." We give Thee thanks for having redeemed the world by the coming of Jesus Let .us all remember to pray for Christ. Make us to be ministers of this peace daily at the noon hour, as desigreconciliation. that we may be Thy serv- nated several years ago; and we shall ants on this earth. Mat. 5: 9-10; J as. not forget our appointment at sunset 3: 18; Mat. 6: 14-15; Mat. 5: 44-48; each Sabbath when we follow the out- Mat. 18: 21-35; 2 Cor. 5: 18-20. line prepared by our friend in the Netherlands until the next World Day (Prayer for the work of women and of Prayer, February 12, 1932. for the establishing on earth of peace, regardless of race, nation, class or sex.) Saturday "Lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil." Humble us by the thought that sin entered this world through woman. Help us that we shall not be a temptation for man, but in truth a "helpmate." Destroy all the works of the devil in us and around us, and give to us the glorious liberty of the children of God. Mat. 5: 5; 1 Cor. 13; Eph. 4: 1-3; Gen. 2: 18; Gen. 3: 12; 1 John 3: 8; John 8: 36, 32; Rom. 8: 2l.

(Prayer for the work in common of me~ and women outside the home.) Sunday Praising Thee for the peace which RENDERING THANKS Thou hast given us through the grace of our Lord, Jesus Christ, the love of God The Bulletin in the January issue of and the communion of the Holy Spirit, the REVIEW contained a couple of parawe place in Thy keeping ourselves and graphs about the attractive poster for all that are dear to us. "For thine is the World Day of Prayer and Mr. the kingdom, the power and the glory Frank R. Southard, the artist who for ever and ever." Mat. 5: 7; Mat. 25: made it. By chance, the same Issue 34-46; 2 Cor. 1: 3-4; 2 Cor. 13: 13; ·had as frontispiece the mural he John 4: 10-11; Mat. 6: 25-34; Mat. 11: painted ,for the North American Home 28; Rom. 8: 28; Isa. 63: 9; 2 Tim. 1: Missions Congress held last December. 12; Rom. 15: 13. The January article evidenced plainly ·the IIpirit of service in which his work (Prayer for all good works by women; is done and the spiritual atmosphere for those isolated and lonely; for an that surrounded the production of the awakening and a revival.) poster. It is a very real pleasure to let our readers see Mr. Southard. Doubtless there are many who will be glad to join with our sisters in Den- Mr. G. Marston Lord has had charge mark and Norway in this daily cycle of printing most of the World Day of prayer. If women in other countries of Prayer material since the first unihave been circulating prayer ideas will fiedobservance in 1920. The writer you not send them to the Federation has had business relationship with him or Council, that they may be ,shared for twenty years and has greatly val- ued his splendid cooperation, painswith the wider circle? taking care, constructive suggestions and general friendliness, and 80 with Have you suggestions for future grateful appreciation he also is introthemes for the World Day of Prayer, ·duced. or authors in other countries, for either the Program or the "Call to Frequently users take for granted Prayer"? .Korea, the Philippines, the finished products and forget those Netherlands, Canada, and the United States have been represented; next year India will give us the Program and Mexico the "Call." Perhaps you

whose work has wrought them. We woman should, with God, see all parts eat the peas, beans, corn and tomatoes as essential, though she might be a without a thought for the migrant worker on one part of the pattern. who picked them or placed them in the cans. We read the leaflet, and while Those days have passed. With wom- the author and organization official an's entrance into citizenship she has may be in mind, the editor, draughts- a greatly enlarged freedom, vision and man, compositor, printer, the stenog- opportunity. The church society of rapher, sales clerk, wrapper, postman other days does not satisfy. It does are unnoticed cogs in the machinery not claim the interest of all the women of production and delivery. with their differing tastes. Today's task is too big for small groups with At our next meeting shall we not a vision limited to one aspect. As for a few moments meditate upon Frances Willard says, "One-sided ad- what the World Day of Prayer means vocates make a one-sided movement." to us who share in its inspiration, and ask God to bless those whose handi- From these considerations has work-often monotonous and tiring- grown in many churches a Woman's has made this possible for us. They Union with departments, where the have sown seed in personal discom- program is a whole, with each woman ;fort and drudgery; we have gathered interested in all and all women inter- 'hiscious fruit of fellowship. "Lord ested in each. God of Hosts", be with us yet, lest we forget, lest we forget!" What Are the Advantages of a Wom- an's Union? FLORENCE E. QUINLAN. In our busy life it simplifies effort TO WOMEN'S CHURCH SOCIETIES by calling for but one set of officers, and one day of meeting, though a de- By MRS. E. TALLMADGE ROOT partment may have special meetings if occasion arises. Reprin ted by permission from J nne ::1930 Pa.cts a·ltd Factor8~ published by the Mas- It is a Union which expects all its sacilusetts Federation of Chnrchf's and Council members present on its day of meeting, of ReligiouB Education. "The ~l"oman's Com· and all have the benefit of the promittee of the Massachusetts Federation of gram, be it Missionary, Social Service, Churches bas undertaken as its most serious or Citizenship. task this year the study of organized woman's work in the local church." This committee What Are the Advantages of consists of wome-n of' twelve denominations. Departments ? Other areas might profit by similar intensive study. and contribute further suggestions and methods.

DEAR PRESIDENT: They enlist more women because they give a variety of interests. I think we will all agree, in the beginning, that the object of the Wom- They give a more complete picture an's Church Society is the stimulation of God's plan for building the kingof effort for the local church, and for dom. the Kingdom of God in general. For many years two lines have been em- They increase the activities and inphasized-local church needs and mis- terests of the whole church because of sions-and according as the women the larger vision introduced. of a church favored one or the other of these lines they gathered in groups What Departments Are Needed to further their respective ends. This Today? grouping raised barriers of thought till it was often said, "some of our Devotional, because on the prayer women are interested only in our life and spiritual vi,sion depends the church, and some are interested only vigorous life of the Union. This is in missions," forgetting that God's the department which should deepen plan for His Kingdom is a whole and the spiritual life of the women of the not a patch-work plan, and that each church.

Home Church, because the Wom- an's Church Society is really the moth-

er of the church, and, like eyery gcod perceptio;1 w,;s a never failing source mother, must be a housekeeper, ne3:llc- cf strength and conldence. Out of a woman, and creator of right social life, rich expe' ience cf personal relations in visitation, family gatherings and and denominational work she made a recreation. valud!e ccntribution to interdenomi- Missionary, because there is a great nationul associations and to conferunfinished task in the world, and no ences en peace and law enforceIT.(nt.

woman can slacken her efforts till J e- Mrs. McDowell has held many posi- sus' Gospel of healing, teaching and tions of importance in chur~h cl'gani- preaching is carried to every corner zations. She was President cf the of the earth. This department is set Women's Foreign Missicnary Sodety for education, prayer and gifts. of the Methodist Episccpal Church Social Relations, because it is nec- from 1908 to 1921.

essary as Christian women to feel our One of her great interests was cen- oneness with the unfortunate in our tered in the training and leadership of own community, with our sisters in Nationals, and her cwn Society hon- industry, with our world through in- ored her on her retirement in 1921 by ternational relations, with all the fam- establishing the Clotilda Lyon Mc- ily of God through race relations. Dowell Fellowship Fund. More than This department has a most fascinat- thirty young women of other lands ing program of education and friend- have, through this fund, enjoyed the ly contact with community, industry, privilege of graduate study in this internationalism, and racial groups. country, Through them her ideals of Citizenship, because the 19th life and service are entering into the Amendment has made it a Christian building of new civilizations. obligation to register and vote intelligently and conscientously. This de- The beauty of her face, and the ra- diance of her personality will long be partment should keep the women a happy memory and inspiration to informed of moral and welfare issues the lives of those who knew lVII's. Mcand legislation that they may cooper- Dowell.

ate for law observance and protection of society. ACTIVE AND PASSIVE MEMBERS Under these departments may be Too few persons carry the burden of grouped other interests as the local the church program in many churches. needs demand. For the sake of the spiritual develop- . MRS. WILLIAM FRASER ment of the members, as well as in the McDOWELL interest of a fair distribution of work, as many as possible of the membership Clotilda LYon McDowell, wife of ought to be assigned to deiinite tasks.

Bishop McDowell, passed away sud- An illustration of the situation fre- denly at her home in Washington, quently met with is seen in a tabula- D. C., December 27, 1930, and was tion covering 12 city churches with a laid to rest on the last day of the old total resident enrollment of 2,877. It year in Delaware, Ohio, where her col- was found that 2,182 of these members lege days were spent in Ohio Wesleyan had no task whatever for which they University. were responsible in the work of the In the homegoing of Mrs. McDowell church.

the Federation of Woman's Boards of On the other hand, two members had Foreign Missions has lost a warm six tasks each, 13 h~d five t:sks, 27 friend of many years. She has served had four tasks, 72 had three tasks, 166 the organization with unstinted devo- had two bsks and 415 had one task tion since its inception. Her unfail- each.

ing courage brought inspiration and A total of 1,148 definite pieces of cheer, and her insight and spiritual work were being performed by 659

members, while 2,182 members were Foundation. Paper, 80 ccnts; cloth, deprived of the benefits of personal re- $1. (The latter edition carries the recsponsibilities in the church program. ord to 1929, whereas the paper edition stops with 1928.) Many of these nonofficial members, The United States and the World Court, no doubt, were vital influences in the by Philip C. Jessup of Columbia Uni- Jives of their churches, but many more versity. World Peace Foundation. in all probability were receiving more 155 pp, 40 cents. than they gave. The Permanent Court of International Justice, by Vera Micheles Dean. For- The statistics of many churches eign Policy Association Information would tell a ·similar story. What is Service. 'December, 1929. 37 pp, 25 the situation presented by your own cents. church directory? Should the United States Join the World Court? Leaflet. Federal Council of In the active participation of the Churches. $1.50 a hundred. passive connection of its members lies at least one of the reasons why a cer- 'INDIA tain church forges ahead or why another lies dormant. From Presbyterian World News, January. 1031. -Ohio Christian News. India is a land ·of contrasts, but it WORLD COURT MATERIAL is a land of opportunity for the mis- sionary. There is opportunity for a From December, 1930, Christian World E<lu.- clearer message. The nonchristian co·t/or> News Servwe printed by tile looks at the Christian Church, even Council of Christian Associations though he is told not to look at the missionary but at Christ. As we judge Now that the World Court is once him by his mode of living, so he judges more [prominently in the public us. It is easier to work when the thought], there will be an increasing Church at home has ·so many voices demand for information about it. raised against such evils as war, ex- Here is a list of some of the material ploitations of men, women and chilavailable: dren, race prejudices and inequalities. Whatever is done to incarnate the The World Court: The History, Organi- spirit of Christ in Christians in Amer- zation and Work of the Court. March, ica opens doors of opportunity to us 1930. The American Foundation. Free. here. The world is smaller than it wa·s, and educated Indians are critical. The World Court: Fifty Questions An- swered. Replies are based on official -An India Missionary. documents. The American Foundation. Free. CHURCH MILITANT AGAINST WAR The Permanent Court of International Justice, by Charles Evans Hughes. United Press dispatch in l'ew York Herald An illuminating address given by Mr. Tribu.ne. December 12, 1930, Hughes on his return from serving as a Judge of the World Court. The The church should forbid military American Foundation. Free. service in event of war, Archibishop Nathan Soderblom of Sweden said in Foreign Relo,tions Bulletin Number 7 his speech accepting the ',1930 Nobel (Revised Edition). This gives a rlJ- peace prize. sume of the negotiations in regard to the adherence of the United States to "The church hitherto has not fulfilled the World Court, and the text of the its duty in preventing war," he said. Protocols, with explanations. The "It therefore has failed, and this failure American Foundation. Free. the church ought humbly to confess, and strive to the utmost to improve its in- Article by Senator Gillette analyzing fluence. The church must fight against the Protocols. The American Founda- every government that wilfully prepares tion. Free. war. Our peace activity must be more energetic. Only by a fight against the Speech by John Davis on the World 'old Adam' can peace be obtained." Court. The American Foundation. Free. King Haakon and Crown Prince Olav were present at the address which was Secretary Sti'1luwn's Letter to the Presi- applauded enthusiastically. dent. The American Foundation. Free.

The World Court, by Ma'nley O. Hudson of Harvard Law School. World Peace

AMERICA From the Interior of

Wanted: Eighty New Workers SEVEN or eight years ago Rosalvo Goulart, a faithful believer in T HE Latin America Evangelization Araguary, moved further interior Campaign is committed to a five with his few household effects, twelve years' program which calls for eighty children, an ox cart and a few yoke new workers. It is aimed to place in of oxen. After a long journey of more each of the twenty republics of Latin than 300 miles he found a lonely spot America a missionary couple accom- near where the interior states of Matpanied by a trained native evangelist to Grosso and Goyaz touch the states and wife, exclusively for evangelistic of Minas and Sao Paulo. There he work. They are to be supported by drove some stakes and covered them the· Latin America Evangelization with a thatched roof to establish hifl Campaign, and are to help all mission- home. He took his Bible with him and ary work in their territory. Each began telling his neighbors about J egroup will be furnished with a tent sus. Soon there was a large group of and given ample supplies of literature. inquirers in that lonely interior of Brazil. The Bible Institute in San Jose, Costa Rica, will supply many of the One morning I set out to visit Sen- native evangelists. The San Jose ior Rosalvo and to explore that un- headquarters offers a unique training evangelized region. One day as we ground for these new mIssionaries were crossing a river we found a fer- who will spend at least one year in ryman who asked: "Where are you the study of the language and people. fellows going; to hunt diamonds?"

"No, we are going to hunt souls for Sunday School in Mexico Christ." With a look Qf utter aston- ishment he said: "Souls? What's MISS MABEL YOUNG, of Puebla, that?" We told him the wonderful Mexico, writes in the Watchman story of Jesus and His love for men. Examiner: "Two of our Normal girls He wanted to know more and asked: take turns in teaching in the little "Isn't there any book that tells about Sunday school at San Mateo. A year this religion?" "Yes," we replied, ago, only three or four people were "there is a book and it is called the interested, but a man and his wife Bible." He had never seen or heard offered their living room as a meeting of a Bible but we left him reading the place. When others realized that the Old, Old Story. This man is a type hated Protestants were holding serv- of a vast multitude of Brazilians.

ices, they became very angry, and There is not one minister of the Gos- tried to prevent the continuation. pel in all this region.

Amid stone throwing, many dark looks It was a joy to preach the Gospel and expressions of disapproval the in the humble home of Senior Rosalvo work has continued and the group at- to scores of eager listeners. He has tending the services has grown. A lit a candle in that little corner of the nurse or the pastor from Puebla or great nation of Brazil and light is other worker talks to the adults while breaking everywhere.-Rev. J. R.

a student teaches the children. Woodson, in The Christian Observer.

219

Protestants in Brazil arranged for such centers as Lima, Peru; Santiago, Chile; Buenos Aires, T~E following information, printed Argentina; and Montevideo, Uruguay. III the Evangelisches Missions Magazine, has been sent by Pastor The progress of the Sunday Schools Rudolf Becker of Candelaria, Rio in Latin America is encouraging. The Grande do Sui (Brazil). enrollment will total no less than 225,- 000. Of this number more than half The Brazilian Baptists, numbering are to be found in Brazil. Next come about 32,000 members are carrying Argentina (including Uruguayan d on missions among the Indians in the Paraguay), 29,747; and Chile, 25,582. Amazonas Territory. Statistical reports are gathered of An interdenominational mission is Sunday School enrollment every two working among the Indians in Matto years and the last report for 1930 Grosso. This is supported by Method- showed an increase of 10.6 per cent. ists, Presbyterians and Independent Emphasis is laid in Brazil and else- Presbyterians. where upon the expanding prog~am of religious education through daily An appeal to undertake Indian mis- vacation Bible s c h 0 0 l,s, week-d.ay sions has recently been issued by the schools and young people's organiza- Evangelical Lutheran Synod of Santa tions. Mission schools everywhere give Catharina, Parana and other states. much attention to religious education This is known as the field of the Lu- 3S an integral part of the educational theran Gotteskasten. task.

A regular mi.ssion has been carried Missions in Venezuela on for over half a century by the Southern Methodists, the Southern FURLOUGHED missionaries from Baptists, the Presbyterians and the Venezuela are kept from their work Episcopalians of North America, by by reason of the fact that no foreign the English Congregationalists, the clergyman or ordained foreign mis- Swedish Baptists and the Missouri sionary is allowed to enter the coun- Lutherans. As a result several con- try. Missions affected include the gregations, many of theiTI self-supporting, have grown up. The mem- Presbyterian, the Scandinavian Allibership of the abJve mentioned churches is estimated. at about 3)0,000 ance, the Swedish Evangelical Free and that of the! Protestants originat- Church and the Orinoco River Mising from Germany, at about 250,000. sion.

World Gathering in Rio Mr. W. Reginald Wheeler has issued the following statement: T :-IE Eleventh WGl',d's Sun day S~heol CGnventkn is to meet in The "Law of Foreigners," decreed by Congress on .July 1, 1923, contained the Rio Ge Janeiro, Brazil, in July, 1932. following articles: This will be the first time the C::nvention has met in South America and "Section I-Art. 6: For the entrance is the first world gathering of Ch ris- of priests or ministers of any church tians eV3r held in Brazil. what~oe.ver there is required the special permlSSlOn of the Federal Executive in Di·. Rotert M. Hopkins, the General each case. Secretary cf the World's Sunday School Ass0ciation re:ently returned Sction II-Art. 15: The declaration from a visit to Brazil, Argentina. of exclusion shall be issued by the Presi- Pa.ragu:lY, Urugu~y, Chile, Peru and dent of the Republic and endorsed bv Panama, where he held conferences the Secretary of Interior Affairs and with Sund~y Scheel representatives. shall be published in the Official G;zette.

Since travel is expensive in S8uth Section III-Art. 27: Against the de- Ame: ica and distances are gnat, it is cree of exclusion (or of expulsion) no hoped that regional meetings may be recourse is permitted.

Special permission from the Fed- eral Executive, transmitted through the Minister of Interior Affairs, is

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

required for the entrance of a foreign great Protestant nations who were clergyman. Since September, 193':>, thus seeking to seduce Belgium from no such permission has been given. her ancient religion and to hand her This situation has developed out cf over to the Great POWErs. The City the contest between the Government Council was divided, one p"lrt, declarand the Roman Catholic Church. Sim- ing in our favor. The Burgomaster ilar contests have occurred recently in himself sent us secret wad to "hold Mexico and certain other Latin Amer- fast." When a mob 'Of 800 people, ican cotintrie,s. stirIed up by. priests, sought to assail and destroy cur tent, not only did the EUROPE mounted police protect us, but groups of So~ialists themselves formed a cor- Peace Pla.ns fo;' Twenty-Seven Na.- don around the tent tJ keep the mob from cutting the tent ropes. We tions praise God for many oonversions, among tl:em being one cf the very ON JANUARY 21st a cable message ringleaders of the riot; for the large from Geneva announced that numbers that attended the after-meettweLty-seven nations had pledged ings, and for the wcnderful W'JY that themselves to preserve peace in Eu- publi;: opinion was tu,'ned in our farope. Their solemn manifesto is ex- vor at the end of the meetings. Since pected to put an end to war-talk and the dose of the meetings, we have to go far toward reestablishing eco- been able, through the gift of a fri2nd, nomic and political stability. "The to buy a building in this city of ArIon, machinery Of the League of Nations where we shall install a permanent is to be used to prevent any resort to worker. violence." The signers of the manifes~{} include France, Great Britain, Burgomasters or Mayors of other Germany and Italy. Committees have citiES are cften favcl'~b~e to us. We been appointed to study methods for believe that ttis mJVement of God in solving various problems and for pro- Belgium is already layinz hold of moting unity, if not union, among the sorre of the inbllectuals. The head European nations. Judge of the C:;urt of Ghent has be- come deeply convicted and is coming Socialists and the Gospel in Belgium to the mEetings.

T ODAY, in Belgium, the Socialists Great blessing has also attended the and Liberals are taking up the special distribu~ion of Scriptures and cudgel in the defence of missionaries tracts-a million and a half having of the Belgian Gospel Mi,ssion against been distributed during this year of the opponents. God makes use of po- the Centenary of Belgium's political litical parties to further His own independence. This large distribution ends, although the Socialists them- is the greatest that has ever occurred solve are conscious of nothing but in one year in the history of the countheil' antagonism to the Roman Cath- try. Mr. Van Lierop, head of the olis party! The Socialists do not come station at Ghent, has had permission to the Gospel meetings, but neverthe- to hold open-air meetings anywhere less, when we are attacked by posters in this great city.-Ralph E. Norton. and the papers, their own official organs come out justifying us and be- Swedish Missions laboring the Catholics for their opposition. SWEDISH missions in China repre- sented by seven SOcieties, are pass- Recently, during tent meetings at ing through severe straits. The mis- ArIon, in southeastern Luxembourg, sion schools have had to be closed the papers attacked us bitterly and pretty generally, although the work of placards denounced us. One was even evangelization has been permitted to posted on our Gospel car during the go on. But the Lutheran high school in night. We were denounced as spies and heretics-political agents of the

Taohwalun is having a hard struggle. homes and labor to support themselve·s In the Congo region, in Rhodesia and and their families.

in some parts of India Swedish mis- German-Russian refugees, aggre- sionaries are experiencing great move- gating eight hundred, have escaped ments toward Christianity. Their from Siberia, and are now stranded medical work is increasing in Portu- in Harbin, Manchuria, China. Of guese East Africa, Turkestan, Rho- these, about two hundred are Lu- desia and India. The mission in Mon- therans and the others are Roman golia, which is said to. be the only Catholics, Mennonites and Baptists.

Protestant one in the field, has been The very small German Lutheran con- almost exterminated during the last gregation in Harbin pas been strained year. beyond its strength in the effort to In the home field conditions are give all these refugees sbelter, food encouraging. Both the Church .Mis- and clothing.-John A. Morehead, in sion and the Fosterland Stiftelse have The Lutheran.

been able to wipe out their debbs. In the public schools, missions have be- AFRICA come a regular subject for study and Portuguese Restrictions in East- at the university of Upsala a chair Africa has been established for the history of missions with Dr. Westmann as rrHE educational inspector of the the professor.. Colonial Government of this terri- tory recently placed before the Gov- ernment council certain proposals for Methodist Church in Russia Closed the control of the Portuguese missions for Observing Christmas in the regions subject to the govern- APRESS report states that the ment. According to these regulations First Methodist Church of Lenin- all missions must secure written pergrad and the only one in Russia has mits to work. They must state a defi- been closed by the bolsheviks after en- nite locality where they intend to work joying immunity for many years. The and must render annual reports to the charge against the church was that Government. Their members must be of conducting an illegal Sunday-school clerical and the governor-general must and with having had a Christmas tree pass on their program. Foreign lan- and distributing gifts among the chil- guages are prohibited and the native dren. dialects are allowed only jf the pupils The Leningrad Soviet ordered the learn Portuguese at the same time.

arrest of the members of the church All textbooks must be in Portuguese.

board, the organist and the leaders of The missions may not sell their prop- the congregation, forcing Anna Ek- erty and may use it only for mission- lund in charge of Methodist activities ary purposes. Such a legislation in Russia to leave the country.-Evan- against missions has heretofore not gelical-M essenger. been attempted by any other colonial government.

Stranded Russian Refugees T HERE are at present one hundred Notable Industrial School in Africa and four Lutheran refugees from Russia stranded at two places in Per- THE Frank James Industrial School sia. In the course of their escape, of the West Africa Presbyterian they lost all their property and are Mission was established as a memorial reduced to penury. The appeal comes to a young man who was killed by a for help to supply them with food and wounded elephant while on a hunting clothing, and to assist them ultimately trip to Africa. The young man's sisin securing transportation to coun- ter made a gift to the Presbyterian tries where they may find permanent Board of Foreign Missions specifying that the money should be used to pro-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

mote industrial training of African of his independence, ministering to him boys. intellectual food hardly appropriate to his worth. The religion taught by the Slowly the work progressed. A tail- Catholic missionaries, their precepts of or class was begun with a few yards humility and of respect for the estab-' of cloth and a second-hand sewing lished order, seem more nearly. related machine. A small sawmill outfit was to the mentality of the negro, who in purchased and shipped to Africa. To- the regions of Angola is the most primday the work has expanded to include, itive of beings." a complete planing and molding outfit, a blacksmith shop, and many sheds Ka Ci Lemi, Ka Ci Ganyala in which tailoring, carpentering, tanning, furniture making, ivory carving, YOU may not be familiar with this brick making, and other industrial ac- language. It is the motto of the tivities are carried on. In addition Galangue station of the Angola Misthere is a printing press manned by sion in West Africa, the station which the native workmen. The work of is the special project of the Negro this industrial school is transforming Congregational churches. The meanthe whole life of the people about it, ing is, "If it is not heavy, it is not while at the same time it touches their worth while." The Angola Mission lives with Christian ideals.-llion T. has just celebrated its Jubilee. Here Jones, in The. Presbyterian Advance. is the contrast between 1880 and 1930.

Catholic vs. Protestant Teaching Then: Three white men from Amer- ica bring presents of cloth, but no ONE difference in the influence of rum. These newcomers are objects of Roman Catholic and of Protes- suspicion, since they claim to seek no tant missionary education on the Af- ivory, rubber or slaves. Their unrican is revealed in an unintended willing hosts are the Ovimbundu, a testimony by a French traveler, Chris- virile people numbering about a miltian de Caters, in the Colonial and lion, mostly traders and slave hunters. Maritime Dispatch, printed in Paris, They have no written language. They April 24, 1930. Roman Catholic teach- have no god save fierce and implacable ing tends to keep the African servile spirits. They are slaves to the witch and dependent, while Protestant train- doctor and to fear. They live in stocking seeks to develop a godly person- aded villages composed of square mud ality and strength. The quotation huts thatched with grass. Polygamy, from the Boletim da Aquencia Geral slavery and cruelty prevail. das Col6nias, of Lisbon, is as follows: Now: The raids of native kings "In my voyage to Portuguese Africa I have ceased. There are towns and met a certain number of religious mis- cities, auto roads and a railroad from sionaries and whether their nationality the coast with two trains a week, as was French, Alsatian, German or Portu- a result of the introduction of Euroguese, for all of them I always felt es- pean civilization. There are five misteem and even admiration. I sympathize sion stations with over thirty resident less with American missions although missionaries; four self-supporting they may also accomplish a worthy work and self-governing churches with a of civilization…… If a former pupil membership of 4,000; 300 native pasof one of the missions proposes to con- tors and preachers; 6 boarding tract himself to a planter or to the head schools; 160 primary village schools of any enterprise, the employer will take enrolling thousands; Currie Institute, him without hesitation should he come a union higher training school for from the White Fathers. He prefers young men; Means School for girls; such a one to the pupils of the [Protes- clinics in all stations with 50,000 tant] "clergyman" in whose teaching he treatments yearly; 700 per cent inhas no confidence. It is not that the crease in native development in fiflatter may be giving bad counsels, but teen years with no increase in the his teaching tends to develop in the na- missionary force. The work has been tive a very real feeling of his own personality, of the freedom of his judgment,

hravy, but who will say it is not worth The B3rlin Mission therefore began w"lile ?-Congregation:zlist. the translation into modern Suahili.

Missionary Klaml'oth finished the ·An:ou6 African Pr~Bo-::e~8 translation, and in 1926, Missionary ARCHDEACON DANIELL, a mis- Roehl was sent out to revise the work. sicnary of the C. M. G. in Ug:mda, A native pastor in Dar-es-Salam, when has recently been carrying on evan- he had read the new translation of the gelistic work in the prisons in Kctm- Epistle to the Romans, exclaimed, pala. About 200 out of 700 prisoners "Now at last I am beginning to underattended the voluntary service on Sun- stand what St. Paul means to say to day [Cnd the weekly Bible class. One us!" man, 2. baptized Christian, heard the Gospel rr.cssage and one of the first The German Evangelical Missions things he did on being released was to of East Africa have united in the pubgo tJ the C. M. S. mission and r,sk for lication of this great work and the their prJyers. The Archdeacon says Wurtumberg Bible Society has unthat it was a delight to see this man dertaken its printing. Last summer walk up to the house, after five years an edition of 3,000 copies was sent out to Africa.

imprisonment, free once again. "There W3cS a spring in his step and a joy on WESTERN ASIA his face which indicated not only phys- Islam and Modern Culture G ical freedom but, I hope, real and OTTFRIED SIMON a well-known authority on Moslem conditions definite conversion and determination writes in Der Pionier on the question to serve God."

whether Islam will weather the pres- SuaMli Bible ent crisis. In considering the con- ANEW translation of the Bible into tributions of modern culture, he quotes Suahili (Swahili) became impera- the following interesting memorial tive for two reasons. First of all, the Suahili, which only thirty yea! sago from the rector of EI Azhar Univerwas almost entirely unknown to the great nations in the interior of Africa, sity to King Fuad concerning reform is today conquering all of tropical Africa with unbelievable power. This plans for the University of Cairo. i'B regarded as a language miracle that is unique in history. At present, ac- The Rector, Muhammed Mustafa-alcording to careful estimates, the Suahili is being spoken by about twenty Maraghy is himself a man of orthodox millions of people and is gaining adherents. It is said also that in Africa persuasion, which makes the letter all the printed word reaches farther than the spoken. The second reason is that the more noteworthy. – the translation made by the British Universities Mission was published It has always been the custom in the about fifty YEars ago. At that time Moslem religion that certain individuals it was nece,ssary to use Arabic words spread the faith and defend it against as being expressive of religious ideas all errors of science, and convince the of tbe Christian faith, such as sin, faithful. The Koran itself teaches us faith, grace, righteousness, hope, -com- that we should study the creation of fort, peace. Tl:ese Arabic words car- God. Islam is therefore not opposed to ried with the:11 the Mohammedan con- science, but rather places the educated notation and this made it difficult for man on a higher plane than the uneduthe Afri:ans to form correct ideas cated. Our former teachers were right about the Christian religion. in studying history. We are grateful to them for books which they wrote. Unfortunately the spiritual leaders of the last century have suffered only such books as harmonized with the ancient tradi tions.

The teachers of Islam must be in the lead in culture, they must acquaint them- selves with other religions, they must know Arabic well and must study mod- ern sciences such as general history and sociology. The lamp of El Azhar Uni- versity has grown dim and must be cleaned. The history of religions must

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

be studied. It proves the superiority of Simply attired, a,s was the custom Islam. The knowledge of natural sci- of the Prophet, and sitting in a simply ence is alw necessary, in Qrder tQ under- furnished room, this king, Ibn Saud, stand the Koran better, and for the extends his hand to even the poorest same reason, the Arabic language, his- Bedouin and eats at the same table tory and philology. Modern educational with ministers of state, clerks and methods and methods of research must chauffeurs. He also imitates the be acquired. The legal practice needs Prophet in marrying frequently and reforms. Hence the university must be frequently changing his wives. He completely reshaped. judges according to the old law: a head for murder, a hand for theft, the Ibn Saud a Unique Character right foot and the right hand for rob- bery. Today the pilgrim may travel ONE of the most striking figures in unmolested even through inner Arabia. modern oriental life is the famous It is perhaps the first time since the Abdul Aziz Ibn Saud, since 1926 King days of the Prophet that one may of Hedjas and Nedjd. By means of travel unarmed and even carrying a bold military action, carried out great valuables, for Ibn Saud is inwith the help of twenty-five followers, exorable. He once had fifteen conhe occupied the city of Riadh in 1914 spirators executed at one time while and placed himself on the throne of he sipped his coffee. He is a man his ancestors. During the war he as- before whom men tremble, but whom sisted the English against Turkey for they love, a man who sees his life's which he received in the years 1917- task in the spread of the ancient faith. 1923 half a million pounds sterling. The Bedouin tribes, who were formerly He is thus in a position to buy air- only nominally Moslem, have become planes and other valuable European zealous defenders of the faith. The imports. This he managed, according movement is spreading even into to Gottfried Simon, without essential southern Arabia. returns to England and by skillfully evading existing treaties. Burying Hatred in Turkey His chief supporters are the so- PRES. CASS REED of Internationcalled "Brothers" (Ichwan) who are al College, Smyrna, reports on his blindly devoted to him. They are or- visit to Ankara (Angora), the capital ganized into 120 communities on the of the Turkish Republic: "Turkey original Islamic pattern. They have and Greece were burying old hatreds. brought about a complete revolution Across the splendid avenue below the in inner Arabia. The power of the Grand National Assembly Building kingdom is no longer vested in the the words in Greek letters, 'Kalos cities, but in the old-style Bedouin be- Elthete,' or 'Welcome,' appeared above lievers. By means of this organiza- a pillar in the well-known Greek blue tion the king, as did Mohammed be- and white, with Greek national arms, fore him, overcame all his opponents cross and all, prominently displayed! and just as then Arab tribes volun- And this was put up by the Turkish tarily submitted~ so now the whole Government in honor of the Greek kingdom of the Shammars fell into who, eleven years ago began war for his hands without a stroke of arms the possession of Turkey itself! Now and entirely by the persuasion of the he was welcomed as an ambassador of "Brothers." These former "real de- goodwill! I had dreamed that perfenders of the true faith" now wage haps my grandchildren might see only holy wars: they fight against Greeks and Turks thus fraternizing, the unbelievers. Therefore th~y also but here, only seven years after the call themselves Muslimin or Muwah- signing of peace, the miracle had been hiddin, i. e. believers or confessors of achieved. the one-ness of God. The name "Wahabis" which is customary among us, "During my stay in Ankara, I had is only a nickname, from Mohammed Abd Wahab, who died in 1750.

5

the pleasure of interviewing the Min- special anniversaries or other perister of Education, Essad Bey, and the sonal celebrations. Our message has chief permanent under-secretaries. I been accePted with great cordiality. received cordial assurances of coop- These high-class people have been superation, and am convinced that our porting idol worship in India. We schools will continue to receive the include the intelligentsia of the land encouragement and assistance of the as well as unconverted Anglo-Indians. Department of Education. Ankara is We trust in the promise given in truly a remarkable city. A few years Isaiah 55: 10-11. A great educationalago it was nothing but an unkempt ist who was in touch with us by postal town, with miserable houses, narrow system came to us some time ago and streets, and nothing to commend it was baptized. His grandmother also but an impregnable position. Now, was baptized. A high-class widow was it is a modern city, with broad streets, rescued and is now in a Wesleyan splendid buildings, modern conven- Home. My forefathers came from a iences and all the marks of an up-to- high caste to Christianity, and our date city. Hindu widows' condition has been heart-rending. INDIA,BU~A,CEYLON At our annual meetings we present Changing India the Word of God to Bible holders among the Princes and intelligentsia. I N RELIGION India's aspirations Weare in need of a fund to enable us are many and complex. Old cus- to invite Christian scholars to deliver toms, old habits and sanctions are de- addresses to the educated non-Chriscaying and many people are frankly tians in several centers of this vast perplexed. The orthodox are insist- country. Our polyglot work has been ing that salvation can be found only much helped by the Scripture Gift in a return to the Vedas, the old Hindu Mission and there are a few Indian scriptures. India's intellectuals, how- Princes who send donations. ever, recognize that such a movement can never be successful. Many are PasuDlalai Rural UplU't Society trying to modernize Hinduism. An increasing number are finding in Jesus WHEN the suggestion was made the ideal and power for life. The at Pasumalai, India, that a solatter attitude is especially evident in ciety be formed for students and the seniors of a Christian college in teachers which would enable them to India who have spent nearly four express themselves in voluntary servyears within its halls. ice to the community, the missionaries were amazed at the response. So In the educational field Christian many wished to join what eventually missions have had and are having an became the Pasumalai Rural Uplift enormous influence. Gradually, how- Society, that an organization of comever, government is assuming direct mittees was necessary to take care of control over this field of activity, the volunteers! The members elected especially in elementary education. a certain number of leaders for each This means that future mission policy committee, and there is now being must aim at quality rather than quan- carried on ten different projects, intity.-Rev. Bryan S. Stoffer. cluding adult education, with a night school, a reading room, together with The Gospel by Post in India a rural education library, a committee on propaganda, a cooperative society, MR. JOHN CHOWDHURI, of the a farm demonstration committee, Mission to the Aristocracy of which studies important phases of ag- India, writes from Cocanada, on Sep- ricultural development and methods, tember 29th, as follows: a committee on village health and san- itation and temperance, studying all We send the Gospel by postal system to the inaccessible Princes and Princesses of India at the time of

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

questions affecting the physical health Through the courtesy of Dr. Sam Hig- ginbottom I paid several visits to the and well-being of villagers, and com- Agricultural Institute, and the more I mittees on problems of rural adminis- see of it the greater I am impressed with tration, recreation, games, baby wel- the splendid work that it has been dofare and village industries. ing. The Institute covers an extensive area which has been transformed into India Missionaries Address Indian smiling fields and lovely orchards. Most of the agricultural implements are pre- Christians pared at the workshop attached to the Institute where the teachers are engaged WE HAVE received from the Rev. in research work of one kind or another. J. Z. Hodge, Secretary of the Dr. Higginbottom has undertaken to National Christian Council of India, train fifty district board teachers in a copy .of the following letter: agriculture and in other subjects con- nected with rural reconstruction. These To OUR CHRISTIAN BRETHREN IN INDIA pupil teachers, who at first had consider- able hesitation in doing manual labor in AND BRITAIN: the fields, are now devoting themselves whole-heartedly to this work. Their We, a group of Indian and British training is not only confined to the pre- Christians at Kodaikanal, who believe cincts of the Institute but in order to that God's will is fellowship and brother- widen their outlook they go to places of hood, venture to send out this message importance in and near Allahabad. and appeal to our brethren. Dr. Higginbottom and his workers de- We have no hesitation in associating serve high commendation for their efourselves with the aspirations of India forts in the cause of economic regenerato achieve an equal and honorable place tion in these provinces. The Doctor is in the family 'of nations. We are con- not only himself imbued with the spirit vinced that an parties are sincerely seek- of service and sacrifice but also infects ing although along different lines what others with the same. This is the type they feel to be the best interests of In- of institution that India needs most at dia. At the same time we are deeply the present moment. distressed by the increasing spirit of distrust and bitterness between Britain and Contrasts in India India as revealed in the present struggle. I NDIA is a land of contrasts, but it The time calls for a spirit of magnan- is a land of opportunity for the imity and acts of conciliation on all sides missionary. There is opportunity for without which, we feel, the purpose of a clearer message. The non-Chrisall who are seeking India's highest wel- tian looks at the Christian Church, fare cannot be achieved. Believing even though he is told not to look at strongly that the only lasting solution the missionary but at Christ. As we will be reached through frank discussion judge him by his mode of living, so in a spirit of mutual trust and sym- he judges us. It is easier to work pathy we express the earnest hope that when the Church at home has so many there may be held a Round Table Con- voices raised against such evils as war, ference which will be truly representa- exploitations of men, women and chiltive of all parties and interests. dren, race prejUdices and inequalities. Whatever is done to incarnate the We appeal to our brethren throughout spirit of Christ in Christians in Amer- India and Britain that they will pray ica opens doors of opportunity to us earnestly and continuany, both in their here. The world is smaller than it private and public worship, that God's was, and educated Indians are critical. will for India may be revealed and -An India Missionary. obeyed. We also appeal to them at this juncture to avail themselves of every op- CHINA portunity to promote a spirit of mutual understanding and goodwill and to re- A Chinese Message to America gard it as a primary duty to share in all activities which will make India truly THE General Assembly of the great and truly free. Church of Christ in China, repre- senting the churches which have de- An Indian Official Visits AlIaha.bad veloped from the missionary work of K USHAL PAL SINGH, Minister of Education of the United Provinces, India, made the foll.owing statement regarding his impressions of the work of the Allahabad Agricultural Institute, Allahabad, India, last November:

western missionary societies, met in During its thirty years of service Canton last October and adopted a the Hackett Medical College has grad- message to western churches asking uated 188 young women. Of these 47 their fellowship in intercession. per cent have gone into private prac- In its message to western churches tice, 16 per cent into the service of the Assembly said in part: Missions and the remainder into the "The Church of Christ in China is fac- work of government or native chariing a situation which is most challenging ties. The course covers four years both because of the unusual difficulties and 67 students are enrolled this year. as well as the unparalleled opportunities. The aim of the school is to graduate As never before must we lay hold on Christian women physicians. All stuspiritual resources and we exceedingly dents attend daily chapel and Sunday covet your cooperation in adventurous, morning church services. The purimportunate intercession.

"(a) That our Christian youth in large po,se of this missionary medical col- numbers may recognize the call to the lege is significantly stated: challenge of the ministry as the most profitable investment of their lives. "To save life and spread the true Light."-Francis Shunk Downs. "(b) That our Christians may in a larger measure discover and manifest Presbyterian Policy in China the radiance of our religion, and make their Christian faith contagious. THERE seems to be no restraint placed by the Chinese Government "(c) That our leadership may be given upon the preaching of the Gospel in courage to joyously follow the will of churches, chapels, markets or homes. God as they discover it concerning the On the contrary, the almost universal perplexing problems they are facing, report is of an unparalleled receptivesuch as Christian education in view of ness to the Gospel on the part of the government restriction on worship and Chinese people, and even among the religious instruction, and other problems. students of government schools.

"( d) For the Chinese government, The Board of Foreign Missions of especially for those Christians who are the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A" serving the government, that vital re- has adopted a statement that says: ligion may be given its proper place in the new emerging state. "In view of the fact that our evan- gelistic missionaries are fewer by 15 "(e) That the will to Christian unity per cent than in 1925, the Board would may be fostered and strengthened and cooperate with the Chinese Church's that hitherto untrodden pathways may great Evangelistic Movement by callbe found whereby the separated Chris- ing and appointing to this work tian communions can arrive at complete China's full usual share of the acspiritual and organic unity. cepted candidates of the current year by urging all missionaries whose ac- "(f) That Christian youth of the West tivities in other directions are hinwith a positive Christian faith and with dered to devote themselves to enthua passion for Christian service may in siastic evangelism with their Chinese large number find it as the will of God associates. for them to come to China to cooperate with the Chinese Church in the task of "A very serious situation confronts creating a Christian China. educational mission work throughout China. The Nanking Government de- "(g) That the Five-Year Movement may continue to grow in the might and strength of the Spirit of God, to the end that all the resources of our Chinese Church may be utilized to achieve the objectives of this movement, namely, the deepening of the spiritual life of our Christians and the doubling of our church membership."

mands the registration of Mission Chinese Women Christian Doctors Schools of all grades, insisting that THE catalogue of the Hackett Medi- Senior Middle Schools and Colleges cal College at Canton, China, with shall not require students to pursue w hie h are associated the Turner religious courses or attend religious Training School for Nurses and the exercises; nor 'entice' students to David Gregg Hospital reports as fol- elect religion; that schools of lower lows: grade shall exclude religious courses

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

and exercises. The educational au- work and in the spiritual welfare of thorities have refused passports to the pupils. Chinese students expecting to pursue religious courses abroad, and have By giving up the primary building prohibited the holding of daily vaca- as a school building, and by holding tion Bible schools. A protest by the religious services entirely outside of Church of Christ in China and eleven the school proper and outside of school o the r ecclesiastical organizations hours, they are able to conform to against this 'denial of religious lib- Government regulations which forbid erty in the name of religious liberty' teaching Bible as a part of the curhaving been rejected by the Minister riculum in primary and lower middle of Education, the Board feels that, school grades. pending conference with the field as to the continuance of our schools under Thus far it is permitted by Governthese conditions, it will not be wise to ment to teach Bible in high schools ask the Church to expand its educa- and colleges provided it is put on a tional work in China at this time. voluntary basis. Nearly the whole The Board, however, cherishes a school voluntarily elected to study the strong hope that wiser counsels will Bible and almost 150 girls are ensoon prevail in the Chinese govern- rolled in the classes. These Bible ment, opening the way to enlarged classes "are very much in earnest" Christian educational service." and student prayer groups are being better organized. Religion in Bridgman School The older girls have again opened BRIDGMAN School, of Shanghai, the school which they conducted last faces the problem of how to main- year for outside children who have tain fully the objective of the school no chance to go to school. They teach -to give Christ to the students and Bible, singing, Chinese reading, writtrain up Christian leaders for China, ing and arithmetic. They also' teach under new and adverse conditions. A games. This little school meets after communication from local authorities school, from four to six in the afterto Bridgman School received during noon, and at present the enrollment is the summer states that Bridgman has: about forty. The gfrls like to do it as a part of their service for Christ and for China.-The Missionary Link.

1. No library. More Missionaries Needed 2. No equipment. 3. Teachers whose methods are old- APLEA that more missionaries go fashioned. to China as an offset to Soviet 4. Its pupils know nothing but the propaganda was made by Miss Eliza P. heavenly Father. Will Bridgman please Cobb, who has recently visited China, remedy these defects? at the .fifty-sixth birthday celebration of the Women's Board of Foreign Mis- The missionaries believe the local sions of the Reformed Church in authorities need more information re- America, held in New York last garding the school which has over month. She said: 1,500 books in its library; possesses good average equipment; while its "In China the missionaries now pupils pass the government examina- have two courses open to them-one tions and its teachers have made good is to register their schools and throw records in other schools. Christian teaching from the cur- riculum; the other is to teach religion Bridgman School, which is con- and run the risk of having the schools ducted by the Woman's Union Mis- closed. sionary Society, is fortunate in its principal, Mrs. C. C. Chen, and its "The Soviet program is to wipe the local board composed chiefly of Chi- Church of Christ out of Russia and nese Christians. The teaching staff out of China in five years. Contrast are deeply interested in their school

that with the program of the Church While such interest lasts, the evanof Christ in China, which is to double gelistic forces of the mission are eaits membership in five years. It is ger to improve every opportunity. reported that 3,000 Chinese youths With this open door there is also opare now being trained in Moscow and position. Communism and atheism will be sent back to China to spread among certain groups are rife, but communism. The call comes from the the common people in North China Christian Church in China for more today are ready to listen to the mes- Christian missionaries." sage of life and hope which Chris- tianity otIers.-Letter, Rev. Ge.orge Protestants and Catholics in China H. Trull.

'Tl HE Chinese. Recorder reports that JAPAN-CHOSEN .L the Catholic MissIons in China for Japan's Increased Population the year 1929, show a "net" gain of T HE national census of last October h2a9~0e00beceonnvkeriltlsedovoerr the number that showB a population of 64,447,000 that died from which is a gain' of over 4,000,000 in five years. These figures are for Japrivations. Twenty-four missionaries, pan proper and do not include the mandated islands of the Pacific, nor two of them bishops, sutIered death Korea, Formosa, and Saghalien. The increase is larger than was generally by martyrdom. Theological students believed, and the concern which Japan has felt in the last decade over the increased during the last two years inability of the land area to support so large a population is not without by 687, so that at present all the sem- foundation. Much attention has been given recently to the settling of colinaries and theological schools report onies in South America. Official sta- tistics issued by the Social Bureau of 4,765 students. the Home Office indicate that an aver- age of 500 people committed suicide The Protestants also have a martyr each month during 1930.-Alliance WeekLy. catalogue. From 1924 to 1929 twelve Sports Day Changed Protestant missionaries were mur- T HE head of the Educational Dedered and fifty-nine kidnapped. Among partment of Yokohama Prefecture announced recently that they had Catholics during the same period, changed their interscholastic sports day from Sunday to week days in twenty-one were murdered and thirty- order that the Christian schools might take part.-The Congregationalist. nine kidnapped. Educating Korean Women Chinese Ready to Hear the Gospel T70REA, with one sixth of the pop- I N THE district of Paotingfu in Chili Province, there is an open .1"'- ulation of the United States, has door for the Gospel. "In all my days only one college for women. But Ewha college has trained most of the leadin China I have not seen it so wide ing women in Korea during its twenty years of history. One finds the foropen," said Rev. William A. Mather, mer students (with eighty-six alum- nre) in almost every field open to wom- D.D" who has been in the field for en-in church work and social service, 28 years.

"Over ten years ago I could not presc?- with liberty. This year members of BIble classes are extraordinarily keen to hear. I constantly preach in the country. Two years ago I went to a village where there was only one inquirer. The people welcomed me. For a week they crowded in to hear the Gospel. When it was time for me to leave, they asked 'Why do you go? We have just begun to get a grasp of the Gospel.' In one place the innkeeper invited me inside, gave me tea and urged me to stay rather than go on to another place, as the people thronged inside to hear the Bible message. In another place an entire village stood in the bitter cold all day just to hear the Gospel."

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

medicine, education and business. ISLANDS OF THE SEA Best of all, these college graduates are establishing such homes as Korea An Unusual MissioD Board has never dreamed of before, where husband and wife are equal intellec- THE Marshall Islands were under tually, socially and economically, live the German Government until afttogether in mutual respect and love; er the great war when they were given where children are reared with in- over to the Japanese, one stipulation telligent and loving care and given being that the Islanders should con~ an opportunity to develop the best that tinue to be taught Protestant Chrisis in them. tianity.

The Methodists have set themselves Japan agreed and sent out there to giving Korean women a chance for four Japanese Protestant pastors as higher education. There was no col- missionaries and has now increased lege at all when Miss Lulu Frey began that number to six. in 1910 but since 1925 the enrollment has grown and the staff has been in- The Japanese Government pays the creased until there are now 161 stu- salaries of these missionaries, provides dents and 35 on the faculty.–Alice R. each with a dwelling house, gives a Appenzeller, in The Christian Advo- medical allowance and an allowance cate. for each child. The Government pays passage back and forth, granting a Early Handicaps in Korea furlough every three years.

WHEN Rev. Henry M. Bruen left The missionary makes a report to for Korea in 1899 there were no the Japanese Government but there roads in the country and transporta- has been no interference with the tion was over trails by little ponies, Christian work. A non-Christian naor coolies carrying baggage on their tion is thus sending out Christian backs, while passengers were carried missionaries to another people.-Mary in chairs (a box between two poles). E. Tracy. Even Chinese wheelbarrows and jinrikshas (the Japanese man-pulled A Moro Baptized wheel chair) were unknown in Southern Korea at that time. The Koreans AN ENCOURAGING and inspiring had never seen a wheel. The huts start among the Moros. has been were of stone and mud, thatched with made by Dr. Frank Laubach at Danstraw. Glass was unknown, and oiled salan, Lake Lanao, and the missionpaper was used in the windows. Dirty aries are already beginning to experirice and dog meat soup furnished the ence an answer to the prayers and chief food. Cows and bulls carried efforts of past years in behalf of this heavy loads and did the rough plow- Mohammedan people. ing and were killed and eaten when too old or too sick to work. Very little Last December I stood before a milk was used. Water was undrink- row of seven high school boys kneelable until boiled on account of typhoid. ing in front of the congregation at Smallpox was universal and leprosy Camp Kiethley, Lanao. They had been was common. examined and were being baptized in profession of their faith in Jesus Mrs. Bruen, who recently died in Christ. One of these boys was the Taiku, helped to establish a school first Mohammedan boy to confess his and two hospitals at Taiku, while 60 faith in Christ in that province. He churches in that province were under was Chickiting Pagayucan, a senior Mr. Bruen's care. Their daughter in the Lanao high school. He had has cabled her offer to take her moth- made his own way for eight years and er's place. today is in Silliman Bible School. He has dedicated his life to medicine or to the Gospel ministry. For three years he had been studying the Bible and attending Sunday-school and then

gave his heart to God and accepted and 58 per cent are in city churches. Jesus Christ as his Saviour.-Rev. Two hundred twelve denominations Frank J. WfJodward. are listed, more than half of which have less than 7,000 adult members. Suocessors of John G. Paton Three out of every ten are Roman Catholics with 13,300,000. The Meth- I N THE northern part of the island odist Episcopal Church comes second of Ambrim in the New Hebrides with 3,700,000. The Southern Bapthere are 2,500 natives to be evangel- tist, third, with 3,330,000. The Negro ized, and at the stations round the Baptist has 2,900,000. The Jews, 2,- coast there are native teachers waiting 930,000. In proportion to population, wearily for a pastor and leader. church members are most numerous in the East and South while it decreases Who will go and volunteer to take as we move westward. Protestants up the work for the sake of Christ? are in the majority in every State ex- cept Utah. Church membership is in- In September the station of Tongoa creasing almost exactly with the will fall vacant through the resigna- population. The number of Sabbath tion of the Rev. O. Michelsen. This school scholars is 21,000,000 as comisland has a large number of young pared to 24,740,000 in the public people who need to be trained in schools. The parochial schools are Christian life and faith to face the growing rapidly but the Roman Cathtemptations which civilization is olic Sabbath schools are declining. bringing to t~eir doors. Three out of every eight ministers in the 18 leading white denominations NORTH AMERICA and three out of every four of the three leading Negro bodies are not Workers in the United States graduates of either college or semi- nary. Church property is valued at OF THE 122,000,000 people in the $3,840,000,000, but many churches did United States, one-third, or 41,- not report. Parsonages are valued at 000,000, are children under sixteen, $500,000,000. The Roman Catholic while there are 38,000,000 men and and Jewish school property is valued 37,000,000 women between sixteen and at $7,000,000,OOO.-The United Pressixty-four, according to William M. byterian. Steuart, director of the census. About 49,000,000 persons reported themselves Investigating the "Y.." as having gainful occupation: Some 10,000,000 women report gainful oc- ONE of the hopeful signs of life in cupations, while perhaps 23,000,000 an organization which the more are keeping house. The 11,000,- churches have sometimes found occa- 000 men who are farming constitute sion to criticize is its appointment of less than one-quarter of the gainful workers as against 45 per cent in 1880. a group of wise men, headed by the Nearly a third of our workers are now in manufacturing and mechanical pur- Rev. William J. Hutchins, president suits, while clerical occupations em- of Berea College, whose purpose is to ploy about 7 or 8 per cent of the total. reexamine and to restate the purpose Successive censuses only emphasize and me,ssage of the Young Men's the rapidity of our industrialization. Christian Association. This associa- -The Nation. tion was originally founded in Eng- land, under the leadership of a layman CeDSUS of Religious Bodies of the Anglican church, as a group of religious young men wh(}se purpose T HE Federal Census of Religious was to lead to "conversion" their com- Bodies gives us many interesting panions in offices and warehouses. In facts. Out of every 100 persons over America its attitude broadened, as the 13 years of age in the United States, result of a stirring plea made by 55 are church members. Five women are members to every four men. Fifty-two per cent are in rural churches

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Bishop P·otter in Boston, and it pro- and perhaps two of the others, be re- vided social and athletic clubs for tained in order that the new condi- those who could not afford to meet the tions of today might be met.-The full expense of such activities. Some Churchman.

branches of the "Y" have become pure- Florida Missionary Assemblies ly athletic clubs, in which the more "religious" activities, if they persist T AND booms come and go but many at all, have no integral relation to the J…J visitors from the North are not chief work of the organization. dependent on such circumstances for This commission emphatically as- their interest in Florida. Americans serts that the chief purpose of the from most of the forty-eight states Y. M. C. A. is to build a fellowship add to the population of that peninof boys and men, to "associate them sula during the winter months. They in Chri,stian living, and to help them include men and women of all classes, discover and to accept the full means but most of them seek health and reof Christian discipleship for their freshment in the warmer climate of lives and society." To accomplish this the South. Many are earnest Chrisin any adequate fashion, the Y. M. C. tians and generous supporters of mis- A. must be more than an athletic and sionary work. Some of the best schools social club, with a few Bible classes and churches are found in Florida and and prayer-meetings unequally and ir- several large and influential Bible relevantly yoked to it. Changes are classes. needed, and it is hopeful that their governing principle is declared to be Among the notable activities that the widest possible interpretation of have found a place in Florida are the the Gospel of Jesus.-The Churchman. winter schools of missions. These have now increased to ten, under the leadership of Mrs. Henry W. Peabody, Too Many Episcopal Churches Advisory Chairman. They have brought together missionary speakers THE elimination of half of the from all over the world-men and central-city Protestant Episcopal women who have devoted their lives churches in Philadelphia is urged by to serving Christ and their fellowmen. the Hon. Roland S. Morris, former They have braved the dangers and United States Ambassador to Japan hardships of war-stricken China, the and chancellor of the Diocese of Penn- fever-infested jungles of Africa, the sylvania. plague and cholera of India, the heat of the tropics and the rigors of the Mr. Morris has been associated with Arctic regions. This year ten missionthe affairs of the Episcopal Church ary assemblies were held in Florida for many years, and has three times between January 16th and February served as a deputy to the General 6th-in Palm Beach, Miami, Tampa, Convention. Lakeland, St. Petersburg, Clearwater, Orlando, Haines City, Deland, and The central-city churches, of which Stamford. The speakers included there are eight prominent ones, rep- Mrs. Peabody, Mrs. Helen Barrett resent a total investment of more than $7,500,000, of which over $4,000,000 is devoted to endowments. Anyone Montgomery, Dr. Robert H. Glover, of them, Mr. Morris said, thirty-five Dr. Walter Lingle, Dr. Robert Dyer years ago had more members in its of Africa, Mrs. Induk Kim of Korea, Sunday-school than all of them have Rev. J. H. Brady of Japan, and Dr. to-day. Unrevised membership lists Rosalie Morton of the Red Cross. of the eight churches, Mr. Morris declared, show a total membership of Negro Comm.unity Center T less than 6,000, too small a group to HE Negro girl who comes to Bal- timore for the first time has a warrant the large investment. He suggested that the two most historic, place to stay-

The Negro working girl has a so- will be one of the most effective miscial center- sionary agencies. The Chinese are eager readers, and each paper will no Ten organizations have a place to doubt influence several persons. play basketbaIl- Eskimos Attend Church Persons who love music may learn to play an instrument- T HE Eskimo of the far North, ac- cording to The Northern Cross, a Above all, the love of God is given publication of the Barrow Mission, a real expression among members of goes to church most religiously, and the Negro race. This is through the the population of any village may be Sharp Street Memorial Community known from the attendance upon House of Baltimore, one of the few church on Sundays. If this drops upon institutions for work among Negroes any given Vord's Day, it is an unwhich are a part of the World Service questioned fact that a number have of the Methodist Episcopal Church as gone to summer camps or that distant it is administered by the Board of traps have detained men from home. Home Missions and Church Extension. When all are in the village, the at- tendance runs close to three hundred, The community house, erected in and has gone over that figure. The 1921, provides a meeting place for average attendance during the last thirty-two organizations. There is a year has been 179. All who are presdormitory of twelve rooms and a laun- ent at Bible school remain for church dry. Special iI,lterest is taken in the service.-Presbyterian Advance. girl who makes only a living wage and who chooses the community house GENERAL as a home. Young women and girls going to the city as strangers are ac- Roman Catholics cepted in the dormitory over a period of adjustment. In addition to the STATISTICS compiled semi-officialdormitory, there is a circulating li- ly, but regarded by the Vatican as brary and game room, a gymnasium, substantially correct, report at the tearoom, roof garden, and meeting end of 1929, the Roman Catholics in rooms available for rental purposes. the world numbered 341,430,900. Of these 109,097,000 were in North, Cen- An average of 966 persons take ad- tral and South America. (Counting vantage of the community house each the total population of Latin America month. as Roman Catholic.) European Ro- man Catholics numbered 208,882,000; Newspaper Evangelism for Chinese Asiatic, 16,536,900; African, 5,330,- 000; Australian, 1,585,000. This seems THE American Missionary Associa- obviously an exaggerated e·stimate and tion has aided and encouraged a is probably based on the total number unique enterprise for the promotion of members of families one of whom of Christian interest among Chinese occasionally attends a Catholic church, in the United States. A Chinese woman, resident in Portland, Ore., who A Buddhist World Alliance has a rather u,nusual initiative and devotion to her own people, is work- T HE nr,st World Congress of Buding out a plan for giving to substan- dhist Youth was held in Honolulu tial Chinese merchants in various with a view to the formation of an cities of the United States a year's international union. Thl" idea is to subscription to the Chinese Christian form an international union after the InteUige1tcer, the leading interdenom- pattern of the Protestant WorId Alinational Christian weekly paper in liance in order to make Buddhism China. "Newspaper evangelism" has known. A missionary society is to be been a very successful method in J a- formed for active Buddhist propapan and this regular sending of Chris- ganda in opposition to Christianity. tian newspapers to the shops in Chinatowns where Chinese congregKte

WORTH

Any books mentioned in these colum718 will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

The Pastor and Religious Education. By ual matters, and into a more con- Harry C. Munro. 227 pp. $2. Ab- ingdon Press, New York. sistent Christian practice in daily The author knows whereof he writes conduct, has as much assurance of the and as Director of the International Council of Religious Education, has cooperation of the Holy Spirit as has had wide experience. The purpose of the book is to assist the average pas- the evangelist who convicts the sinner. tor to find his own proper place and to direct the educational program of Unfortunately, the teacher has often his church, and it is refreshing. to find that this is the author's solution assumed that his or her part of the rather than the multiplication of additional machinery. Some of the fol- process was a merely human underlowing questions are intelligently discussed, and each chapter has a brief taking; that after this human process bibliography: Should the church keep pace with modern educational meth- of teaching and learning had been ods? Why do young people leave the church? Is the Junior Church the best carried to a certain point, the students should be turned over to professional leadership, who would, in some mys- terious way, bring about conversion and decision through the cooperation of divine forces. The seeding and cultivation are the work of the teacher, the harvest that of the evan- gelist." S. M. Z.

way out? Can religious education re- A History of Science and Its Relations main a layman's movement? Does a With Philosophy and Religion. By Wil- director solve the problem? Can the liam Cecil Dampier-Whetham. 514 pp. minister take on another task? How $4. Macmillan. New York.

can the pastor become his own educa- This is a work of the first magni- tional director? tude-one of the ablest, most pro- The treatment of these various found, and yet most intelligibly writ- themes is thoroughly up-to-date and ten of the numerous books on the generally satisfactory. We are sur- subject. The author, a great English prised, however, that missions do not thinker and scholar of Cambridge have a larger place on the proposed University and Winchester College, program of religious education, and justly says that no story is more fas- that the importance of the baptism of cinating than that of the development fire and of intercessory prayer in the of scientific thought-man's age-long whole proces·s is not sufficiently em- effort to understand the world in phasized. There is excellent infor- which he finds himself and that the mation regarding the n e c e s s a r y vast and imposing structure of modern machinery, and the author advocates science that has resulted is perhaps simplicity. One would like to learn the greatest triumph of the human more regarding the motive power and mind. Nor does man's interest stop the dynamic of religious education. here. How are the revelations of It is not left out altogether. "The science regarding the earth, man and teacher who works quietly from week the universe related to the revelation to week seeking to guide the growing of God in the Bible and the needs and person into a truer insight in spirit- aspirations of the human Boul? After 235

tracing the history of science from its history of the Nigeria Mission, but beginnings in the ancient world to the latest developments in biology, anthro- rather a panoramic view of the unpology, physics and philosophy, the author concludes that "it is possible folding of a great enterprise in which to accept the fundamentals both of science and .of religion, and wait pa- not only God's guiding hand is everytiently for time to resolve discrepancies." We are confident that the where evident, but also human herothoughtful reader of this volume will concur in the judgment of The New ism and devotion of a high order. It York Times that "as a whole it far surpasses in excellence anyone-volume opens with the cry of the slave in the work of the kind that has so far appeared in the English language." dark days of old Abeokuta, (1821- A.J.B. 1837). It tells of the discovery of the Black River, of the Niger expedition in 1841, the founding of the first sta- tion, beginning of a church, and the decade of expansion, 1851-1860. We read how Crowther founded the Nigeria Mission, how it had dark days, how the Black Bishop was Porto Rico and Its Problems. By the ordained, and how, finally, the work Survey Staff of The Brookings Institu- expanded to the Central Sudan, and tion, Washington. Illustrated;. In- dexed. 707 pp. $5.00. 1930. those who toiled in tears saw a new Nigeria, with highways opened for the This is a rich storehouse of reliable Gospel and a bountiful harvest after information about Porto Rico-its the long seed-sowing. It is a wonder- area, climate, resources, population, ful story, well told, and the end of it agriculture, industries, econ.omics, finances, education, social conditions, is not self-congratulation but an ap- peal to complete the task. "This is no public health, government and reli- time to slacken our efforts. The door gion. Anything and everything that of opportunity stands wide open be- one wishes to know about this inter- fore us. The peoples of Nigeria, by esting island is here. The study was their very needs, call us. The work undertaken at the request of various still undone, and the work half-done, agencies in Porto Rico, by seven call us. The possibilities and promise trained experts of the Brookings In- of the future call us. And in these stitution, under the guidance of its things, if we have ears to hear, we director, Victor S. Clark, formerly shall surely detect the voice of Christ commissioner of education in Porto Himself, call~ng us to go forward in Rico. The recent activity of the pres- His Name." S. M. Z.

ent governor, Theod,ore Roosevelt, in "Uncle Sam's Attic." By Mary Lee Davis. $3.50. W. A. Wild Company, Boston. making known the distressing conditions in the island, lend special timeli- All leaders in missionary effort are glad to get a book that will furnish ness to this volume. It will enable us background and atmosphere for the missionary story. Alaska has been to know more about the people who rich in this kind of material. A num- ber of books have been printed in the have been under the American flag for last decade relating to Alaska. These have been of varying merit. Now over thirty years, and to take a more comes at last a definite book on Alas- ka. Mrs. Davis' book is written in a intelligent interest in their problems sprightly manner. It has all the fac- tual information a book of this sort and welfare. A. J. B. ought to carry. It is brimful of that ethereal quality called atmosphere. The Romance of the Black River-The Even the most unimaginative can Story of the C. M. S. Nigeria Mission. scarcely read this book without get- By F. Deaville Walker. 267 pp. 58. Church Missionary Society, London.

The author is well-known as a writer on African themes, an expert in missions, and with extensive personal knowledge of West Africa. The book is not intended as a complete

BOOKS WORTH READING

ting a whiff of pure reality from the are as great. Although much has al- ready been written about this worker Northland. It is so entertainingly among lonely fishermen on the coast of Labrador in many newspapers and written that it may be read aloud to books, including his own autobiogra- phy, there is room for this additional the home circle, and this is about as volume which makes an appraisement of his character and work that modessevere a test as can be applied to a ty prevented Dr. Grenfell from doing. It is an inspiring narrative of an innonfiction book. spiring life ·of unselfish and splendid devotion to Christ and humanity. Mrs. Davis lived in Alaska, loves A.J.B. Alaska and knows its immense length What Do Present-Day Christians Believe? and breadth. She finds a place in her By James H. Snowden. 357 pp. $2.50. Macmillan. New York. capacious affections for all of the un- This generation bristles with quesderprivileged native tribes. She does tions. There are indeed those who ac- cept their inherited religious ideas as not exclude the sturdy pioneer who is they accept their citizenship, and no more think of questioning the former making history in the growing cities than the latter. But many people, particularly among the young, want and developing prairies of what was to know the whys and the wherefores.

once called "Seward's Folly," in the The Church is feeling the effect of this unrest. The scientific teaching in days of our national ignorance. colleges and universities has under- mined some of the traditional ideas. This Book demands a place in the How shall the Church deal with young men and women who say that they mind of everyone who wishes to know cannot reconcile the old faith and new knowledge? To meet them merely about Alaska, or who Loves Alaska, or with authority or rebuke is worse than futile, it is suicidal. Wherever that who is interested in Alaska from any method has been tried, it has alienated questioners from the Church. angle whatev!)r. A. J. M. The Rev. Dr. James H. Snowden, African Stories. By Albert D. Helser, prominent among the religious leaders, F.R.G.S., Illus. 8vo. 223 pp. $1.75. shows a more excellent way in this Revell. New York. book. He dodges nothing, but frankly faces modern problems. He adopts After eight years as a missionary the method of questions and answers. in Nigeria, Mr. Helser has some in- He states a full hundred questions teresting stories to tell. Many are about God, Christ, man, ,sin, salvation, folk tales revealing native beliefs and miracles, inspiration, the Church, and moral ideas. Some are translations of well nigh everything else that people native material and give an insight are asking today. Each question is into African customs and culture- fairly stated, and then answered especially of the Bura people. The briefly, clearly, and in fine spirit. fifty-five stories are of very unequal Doubters are not scolded, but tactfully merit but they reveal the character of persuaded. Dr. Snowden holds firmly the people, their virtues and their to the evangelical position and makes vices, without moralizing by the mis- the Christian faith and life clear with sionary. a sweet reasonableness. Pastors and Among other subjects the tales give African traditions as to the origin of death, the beginning of trouble, the future life, the use of charms, spirits and friendship. They help us to understand the African and his background.

Forty Years on the Labrador-The Life Story of Sir Wilfred Grenfell. Ernest H. Hayes. 128 pp. Revell. New York. $1.25.

One who notes the wide publicity that is given to the work of Dr. Grenfell may well wish that like general recognition might be given to dozens of other missionaries in Asia and Africa whose devotion and achievements

Christian worker should read it and famous ruins, Edom its geography pass it on to troubled friend. and geology and the people who built A.J. B. up the old civilization. The author traces the romance .of the discovery Orpheus, Myths of the World. By Padraic of this vast city, lost for a thousand Colum. 327 pp. $5. Macmillan. New York. years, and when suddenly almost by This sumptuous volume is a treas- chance found again, its glory was inury of the ancient stories that once expressed the religious ideas of count- delibly carved in its rock-cut ruins. less millions of human beings and, while now relegated to the realm of Beautiful illustrations portray the mythology, have a deep human significance for those who read them to- architecture of temples, monuments day. The editor has ranged over a wide field, giving us the sacred myths and ancient altars. The land of Edom of many peoples-Egyptian, Babylonian, Persian, Jewish, Greek, Roman, occupies a large place in Old Testa- Celtic, Finnish, Icelandic, Indian, Chinese, Japanese, Polynesian, Peru- ment geography, and Dr. Robinson ilvian, Zuni, Mexican, and Central American. These legends come down luminates the text by constant referfrom a far-off time and give the reader a vivid conception of the ences to Old Testament history. Four doubts and fears, the loves and hates and longings of men who, centuries chapters are special contributions by ago, groped in the twilight of history and amid the mists of superstition. missionaries, two by the late Dr. Some of them lend deeper meaning to St. Paul's reference on Mars Hill to George E. Post on Petra and the "an altar with this inscription, 'To an Unknown God' whom ye worship in Botany of Edom, one by Professor Stewart Crawford on the Arab shrine at Mount Hor, and another by Pro- fessor Alfred E. Day on the Geology of Edom. Missionary readers, how- ever, will turn first to the interesting st'Ories and descriptions of the ancient religions and present-day Islam which are woven into the volume. The chap- ter on the alleged tomb of Aaron, which is a famous shrine for Mos- lems, is of special interest. The Gos- pel messenger has not yet come t'O the present Edomites. S. M. Z.

ignorance." An introductory chapter helpfully discusses the significance of The New Sanhedrin or The Revision of the Trial of Jesus. David L. Cooper, mythology, and twenty full-page en- Author and Publisher, Los Angeles, 80 pages. 50 cents. gravings by Boris Astzybasheff, ~n­ Solomon Shwayder, a Jewish lawyer rich this interesting and suggestIve of Denver, and a group of hi.s friends volume. A. J. B.

The Sarcophagus of an Ancient Civiliza- met in March, 1929, to organize a tion. By George L. Robinson. Illus- movement which is like to have his- trated. 495 pp. $7.50. Macmillan. toric significance. The proposal is to New York. "issue a Call from Jerusalem to all Israel throughout the nations of the Whether a Christian scholar writes world, for the lIS,sembly of a Great on mathematics or archreology, he be- Sanhedrin at the Holy City of Jerntrays the presence of the Master. salem, to review the jurisdiction, judg- ments and decrees of the Sanhedrin This sumptuous volume deals pri- acting at Jerusalem during the power marily with an ancient civilization and domination of Rome, and espeand the extraordinary story of its dis- cially to consider and review the life covery and significance is vividly por- and trial of Jesus of Nazareth."

trayed. Dr. Robinson spent thirty In this booklet the author publishes years in the making of this book and paid five long visits to Edom. ~he book is divided into three parts WhICh deal respectively with Petra and its the official documents which have been

issued in connection with this move- that Paul's way was prepared not alone ment, together with three studies of by the Roman and the Greek but also a prophetic character which bear upon by the Jewish propagandist. His story it, and an exposition of the steps al- of this proselytism makes very inter- ready taken or to be taken before esting reading both for the student the final decision will be rendered. of Paul's writings and for him who Because of its possible influence upon would copy his methods. J. C.

Jewish and Christian interpretations Through the Lands of Nyanza. By Wm. J. W. Roome, F.R.G.S. 208 pp. 5s. of the person of Jesus, there is much Marshall, Morgan & Scott. London.

interest in this movement. This little book gives the fact·s as far as they Those who have read the author's former volumes, especially, "Through are now known outside the organiza- Central A f ric a," and "Tramping Through Africa," will gladly welcome tion committee. J. S. C. this further volume, which is a com- panion to the former. It is character- James Hannington. By J. Johnson Leak. ized by the same first-hand observa- 12mo. 64 pp. Is. Pickering & Inglis. tion, thorough knowledge, vivid de- London. 1930. scriptions and sympathetic account of missionary work. He has roamed This mischievous, lovable lad was across the Dark Continent a dozen started on a business career at fifteen. times, studying the native tribes, their He had many opportunities for travel languages, manners and customs, their and was fond of hunting. When he superstitions, and the work of the was converted he entered Oxford to missionaries who are devoting their study for the ministry and proved to lives to African evangelization. The be brilliant as a student and clever as book recounts enough adventures to an artist. After eight years in the satisfy anyone who wants thrills. It ministry at home he went to Africa, is a capital missionary book, and it where later he suffered martydom at thirty-eight. His life is full of in- evokes stronger faith in the power of spirathm but while this story is simply told it is too much of a summary to the Gospel of Christ to transform hugreatly interest the children for whom it is written. Bishop Hannington's man lives. The illustrations are parpen drawings are fascinating.

ticularly good. A. J. B.

Preparing the Way for Paul. By F. W. A Jewish Calendar for 1931 has Derwachter, Ph.D. 165 pp. $1.75. been issued by Rev. S. B. Rohold and Macmillan. New York. Dr. W. M. Christie of the Mount Carmel Bible School at Haifa, Pales- It is not generally recognized that tine. This mission is conducted under shortly before the Christian era Juda- the auspices of the British Jews Soism had become a great missionary ciety and is doing a notable work. The religion. How its monotheism and "calendar" not only contains the dates high ethics had appealed to the Gentile of the Jewish year, compared with the world. How its insistance upon its Christian year, but a list of all the nationalism emphasized by its reaction Jewish feasts and fasts, Biblical and against Christianity cut the roots of traditional, with brief explanations. this appeal. How the history of this The introduction describes the origin movement reveals a hackground of ex- and growth ofthe Jewish Calendar and perience built upon so successfully by its changes. The feasts and fasts and Paul. How its rise and decline fur- anniversaries are accompanied by nish significant lessons for the pres- .scriptural references. There are inent-day missionary. All this is treated teresting notes on the Talmud, a Jist in a scholarly and very readable way of false Jewish Messiahs from 114 to in this book. Dr. Derwachter, a one- 1930 A. D., and explanatory notes on time missionary himself and now a college professor of Greek, maintains

various festivals and anniversaries. India's Religion of Grace and Christianity The editors call attention to the fact Compared and Contrasted. Rudolph that no Jewish Messiah ever appeared, Otto. 143 pp. $2. Macmillan. New claiming to be the fulfilment of Old York. Testament prophecy, until after the advent of Je·sus, the Christ. Junior Stewards of the Bible. Helen Kins- bury Wallace. 75c. Revell. New York.

BRIEF MENTION Japan Mission Year Book-1930. Edited by Paul S. Mayer. 375 pp. 2.50 yen. Pioneerig for J eBUS. The story of Kyo Bun Kwan. Tokyo. Henrietta Hall Shuck. By Thomas S. Dunaway, D.D. 157 pp. Sunday Sch(101 The Land of Behest. C. E. Padwick. 145 Board of the Southern Baptist Con- pp. Is. 6d. Church Missionary Sovention, Nashville, Tenn. The author ciety. London. has enriched the literature of missionary biography by this account of a The Mirror of the Months. Sheila Kayeconsecrated missionary wife who, al- Smith. 68 pp. $1.25. Harper. New though dying at the early age of 27, York. will live in the history of missions as the first American woman to be ap- Morals of Tomorrow. Ralph W. Sockman. pointed for missionary service in 331 pp. $2.50. Harper. New York. China and the founder of the first Christian school for Chinese children. Dr. Main of Hangchow. Kingston de- Gruche. 242 pp. 68. Marshall, Mor- gan & Scott. London.

The Pastor and Religious Education. Harry C. Munro. 227 pp. $2. Abing- don Press. New York.

Sketches from Missionary Life in The Pacific Islands—A Missionary Sur- vey. J. W. Burton. 120 pp. 38.6d. Spain. by Ernest H. Trenchard. 120 pp. World Dominion Press. London. Marshall, Morgan and Scott, London. 28. 6d. A short but interesting ac- Rainbow MissionarY Stories. Stella M. count of incidents, persons and cus- Rudy. $1.50. Revell. New York. tom from the personal observation and experience of a Protestant mis- The Reform Movement in Judaism. Rabbi sionary in Spain. David Philipson. 504 pp. $4.50. Mac- millan. New York. NEW BOOKS The Story of the Near East Relief. James Adventures in Philosophy and Religion. L. Barton. 479 pp. $2.50. Macmillan. James Bissett Pratt. 263 pp. $2. Mac- New York. millan. New York. Tailum Jan. A. T. Houghton. 114 pp. Amazon and the Andes. Kenneth G. 28.6d. Marshall, Morgan & Scott. Lon- Grubb. 296 pp. $5. Dial Press. New don. York. ''We Wrestle."-Report of the C. I. M.- Christian World Facts, No. 13. 44 pp. 1930. 42 pp. London. 15c 10 or more 10c. Foreign Missions Conference. New York. Annual Report Board of Foreign Missions, lteformed Church in America. 128 pp. Christians in China :Before the Year 1550. New York. A. C. Moule. 203 pp. 15s. S. P. C. K., London, or Macmillan. New York. Confucianism: Ethics, Philosophy, Re· ligion. Frederick Starr. 250 pp. $3. The Challenge of Russia. Sherwood Eddy. Covici-Friede. New York. 278 pp. $2.50. Farrar and Rinehart. New York. European Imperialism in Africa. H. L. Hoskins. 118 pp. $1. Holt. New York. Concise and Critical Comments on the :Bible. Robert Young. 800 pp. 68. Pick- Six Great Missionaries of the Sixteenth ering & Inglis. London. and Seventeenth Centuries. David Jenks. 252 pp. 78. 6d. Mowbray. Evangelical Christianity in the Philippine London. Islands. Camilo Osias and Avelina Lorenzana. 240 pp. U. B. Publishing Korea of the Japanese. H. B. Drake. House. Dayton. lIlus. 226 pp. 12s. 6d. Lane. Lon- don. Joan's Randfull. Amy LeFeuvre. 312 pp. 28 6d. Pickering & Inglis. London. The Jew and His Neighbor: A Study of the Causes of Anti-Semitism. James Parkes. 202 pp. 58. Student Chris· tian Movement. London.

The Missionary Review of the World — January 1931

IDEAL

PROVISION A LIFE Have you a wife, a husband, a friend, an employee who is dependent on you INCOME and who is not versed in business methods? FOR YOU Have you wondered how to provide Give generously to Foreign for this person in case he survives you? Missions. Your gift will Does this question trouble you espe- return you cially when you think of financial panics and hard times? 4%% to 9% PER YEAR You can provide a guaranteed income for the rest of your life for life for yourself and another through the ANNUITY PLAN and at the same under the Annuity Gift Plan, thus relieving you time help extend the Kingdom. of worry caused by changing values of ordinary investments. For further information write: A reserve fund of over $1,500,000 W, J. ELLIOTT, Treasurer, Board of guarantees the prompt payment of annuities to you. Home Missions and Church Extension of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 1701 Arch Protect yourself against loss through St., Philadelphia, Pa., or unwise investments and at the same time help send the gospel to all the MORRIS W. EHNES, Treasurer, Board world. of Foreign Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 150 Fifth Avenue, New For full information WTire York, N. Y. ERNEST F. HALL. Secretary, b Dept. of Annuities THE BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. 156 FIFTH A VENUE ' " NEW YORK 79he James H. Snowden PRESBYTERIRN Established Editor BRNNER 1814 AReligious JournaloflOday Editorials, Constructive and helpful. The Radio Pulpit, a sermon by Dr. Hugh Tho':;p. The World Today, a picture of the more impor- son Kerr of the Shadyside Presbyterian Chur~, tant events in the secular world. The Quiet Hour, by Dr. Robert MacGowan, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania: . ,.

Pittsburgh. Contributions, by some of the most eminent writers in the Presbyterian Church, on themes of Sonday School Lessons, by Dr. George W. current interest and importance. Brown, New York. Church News, from all parts of the Church. Christian Endeavor Topic, by Dr. Kinley Mc- Millan, Pittsburgh. t:hieago and Vicinity, a news Department Departments, for the Home, Children and Young People.

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MEE'l'ING THE WORLD'S GREATEST .. .. * NEED… . …….. JOHN R. MOTT 10 COMMISSIONER YAMAMURO, head of the WHAT ME'l'HODS PRODUCE RESULTS Salvation Army in Japan, has received high recognition for his work among the · ….•……………… ROBERT LAWS 17 poor and outcast. The Emperor has raised him to court rank and decorated BUILDING A NEW KOREA ……..•.•• him with the Order of the Sacred Treas- ure; the Minister of Justice has pre- ••••••••••••••••• DELAVAN L. PIERSON 23 sented him with a gold cup and certificate of merit. In the old days he was thrown WHA'l' THE CHURCH OFFERS MEN .. 34 into prison for blocking the traffic in empty streets. Mr. Yamamuro is a w~.~ .~?~~?~~. ~?~~~ J~~SSl?~~owio~;, 35 powerful evangelist and has done much to help girls out of evil life. :::AN RELIGION STOP WAR? …..•. , .. ……….. ….. .. HENRY A. ATKINSON 37 * .. ..

CHRISTIAN STbESMEN MEET AT A. P. FITT, who is a son-in-law of D. WASHINGTON-Home Missions Con- L. Moody and has been associated with the Record of Christian Work for the gress ……………………….. . 41 past 11 years, has been elected editor of TOPICS OF THE TIMES 49 .. . . that publication.

The Outlook for 1931 KING PRAJA DHIPOK of Siam, with Queen Rambai Barni, is to visit America The Uplook lor 1931 this year. According to a recent report from Bangkok, Siam, they are to visit Dr. Arthur J. Brown the United States incognito. The king is coming for eye treatment as he has been Ten Months At the Front suffering from cataracts.

WOMAN'S HOllIE AND FOREIGN BUL- LETIN …..•… EDITED BY FLORENCE G. TYLER AND FLORE~CE E. QUINI~AN 53 METHODS FOR WORKERS ……….. . OBITUARY · . . . . . . . . EDITED BY MRS. F. I. JOHNSON 59 REV. GEORGE ALEXANDER, D.D., former president of the Board of Foreign Mis- WORLD·WIDE OUTLOOK …………. 65 sions of the Presbyterian Church. U. S. BOOKS WORTH READING ………… 77 A., and pastor of the First Presbyterian church, New York, died Decembel; 12th TEIUIS.-$2.50 a year. ($2.00 In club. of at 87 years of age. Dr. Alexander had five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single eopies, been for 60 years in the Christian min- istry, was president of the Board of 25 cent.. Published monthly. Copyrighted, Trustees of McKenzie College, Brazil and 1931, by MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COM- active in many other educational and PANY, INC. All rights reserved. philanthropic institutions.

'['IIE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING *** ~OMPANY, INC. DR. KARL H, KUMM, prominent in ROHERT E. SPBllCR, PrfuJ1.doot opening up the Sudan to missionary oc- cupation, recently passed away at Pa- Yn,I.IA:M 1. CnAMBERLAlN, Vice-President cific Beach, Calif., at the age of 56. Hav- DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary ing already completed his university VALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer training, Kumm began exploring the depths of North Central Africa at the FubIlcation Ollice. 3d & Reily St., Harrisburg, age of twenty-five, and was the first white man to pass the great divide be- Pa. 2~c a copy. $2.~0 a year, tween the Congo and the Nile. Later he founded a Board for Medical Education ~;ditorl,,1 and Busine•• Ollice, 1116 Fifth Avenue. "and Research in Africa, and also the New York City Sudan United Mission, embodying twen- " ty-two different denominations. Entered 8S second·closs matter at the Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of March 3, 1879. A Golden Opportunity!

One book that you read this year should be the Life Story of Sir Wilfred Grenfell FortyYears on the Labrador By ERNEST H. HAYES THIS is a deeply interesting and ro- mantic story concerning the life and work of Sir Wilfred Grenfell, that famous doctor-missionary of the Labrador. Much has been written previously but this story of fascinating adventure gives the leading facts and events in this remarkable life, in chronological order.

It shows the development of the work and describes the Doctor's gallant service for Jesus Christ for forty years.

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A copy of the wall map used at the recent Home Missions Congress

Washington, D. C. A large four-color poster is being prepared by the Home Missions Council. Copies may be obtained through denominational Home Mission boards. This map, by Mr. K. R. Southard, is worthy of study as it pictures incidents in the advance of Christianity and civilization in North America.

LIV, No.1 January

THE MISSIONARY (IreWO.&,-~ THE OUTLOOK ON THE NEW YEAR BY ROBERT E. SPEER, D.D., New York Author of US ome Lit-"ing Issues.,'-' Etc.

n;S WE begin this new year, Gospel, and even the same moral 1931, we seem to be further issues which were alive in the conaway than ever from the tacts of the early Church with hu- simplicity of the times when our man nature and with society. And Lord was here and the Christian the political issues are taking on Church began. Palestine was a an equally close resemblance. One small land, no bigger than some reads a great, carefully document- American counties. Life moved ed study like Cadoux's "The Early slowly and at leisure. "And Jesus Church and the World" and real- walked in Galilee." That was the izes at once how many kinships speed to which human life was there are between that situation geared. We think of Paul's evan- and our own-in the relation of gelism and his wide itineration but Christianity to war, to inequality, he was no hurrier. He stayed for to ideals of marriage and the home, three years in Ephesus alone. We to the State.

travel to and from an evening It seems probable that we have meeting, a longer journey than ahead of us today a repetition of from Nazareth to Jerusalem, and the struggle which the early return. Those days of Christian- Church had to wage for religious ity's beginning seem very different liberty ana freedom of worship, and far away. education and diffusion. In Russia, And yet there are respects in Turkey and China what we had which our situation and problems come to regard as fundamental hu- today are taking on more and more man rights have been either in- the character of the conditions and vaded or denied and elsewhere issues which confronted the early there are tendencies which bid fair Church. We are facing many of to confront us in the West with the same apologetic questions-as the same issues. There are doc- to the being of God, the nature of trines of the State and of State His government of the world, the control of education and there are person of Christ, the meaning and academic theories of the nature of destiny of life, the foundations of liberty and of the rights of religion right, the relationship of Chris- which may raise for the Church in tianity and the non-Christian re- the near future the same problems ligions, the essential content of the which it faced at the beginning.

5

The Keithahn Case mining the political attitudes of an independent indigenous Church? The problems which are arising What policy should missions pracdo not spring wholly from so-called tice with regard to receiving govnon-Christian governments, as the ernment financial grants which are Keithahn case in Southern India made dependent upon political atshows. Mr. Keithahn was an Amer- titudes or activities? All these are ican Congregatio.nal mIssIOnary vital questions, independent of the who sympathized with the Nation- merits of a particular situation or alist Movement. There would seem the sympathies of missionaries in to be slight evidence that his sym- the present conflict in India. pathy found any excessive or illegitimate expression. At any rate And the issues are not confined there were many Englishmen in to one district in the Madras Pres- India whose support of the Nation- idency. The Government of Bomalist Movement went far beyond bay has issued the following order: his. But the Collector of the Madura District ordered him to leave Government desires to impress on India and required the Mission to the governing bodies of all recognised which he, belonged to dissociate institutions which are in receipt of itself' from him. When the Mis- grants under the grant-in-aid code that sion did this, the Collector went they are responsible for seeing that no further and demanded of it a unan- member of their staff or establishment imous declaration which seemed to is permitted to take part in political many to go beyond the principle agitation directed against the authorof neutrality and abstention in po- ity of Government or to incite opinions litical affairs to which the Mission tending to excite feelings of disloyalty was pledged. Beyond this, the Col- or disaffection whether inside or outlector required that the Mission side the institution under their conshould also compel the Indian trol. They also require that the manpreachers and teachers to array agers themselves should not allow their themselves against the nationalist views on current political questions to agitation and in support of Gov- affect their educational administration. ernment policy, and advised the If these conditions are not observed or Mission that otherwise the grants- if evidence is forthcoming that the in-aid, which it had been receiving students have been inspired with feelfrom the Government for its ings of disloyalty or di,saffection by schools, would be withdrawn. their teachers or that the standard of discipline or the educational efficiency It is obvious that many impor- of the institution have been impaired, tant issues are involved in this in- the grants-in-aid are liable to be recident. Is it competent for a duced or withdrawn. District Collector to exercise authority such as this or should it And this has been carried furbelong to the Provincial officials ther by the British Resident in the at least or be referable to the Gov- Native State of Kolhapur who has ernment of India? What is rightly requested members of the Mission involved for American missions in "to instruct preachers and teach- India in the principle of political ers, when preaching, not to bring neutrality and noninterventio.n? in or make use of the names of What influence is a foreign mission India's poEtical leaders." warranted in exercising in deter- These are not simple and easy questions. They cannot be resolved by the foolish advice of a weIl-

THE OUTLOOK ON THE NEW YEAR

known religious paper that mis- Indian Dominion should not profess sions must identify themselves the Christian faith. But we think with nationalist revolution, or with India may and -should ask that the the contrary advice that they are Coronation oath should contain a solbound actively to support every emn undertaking on the part of the existing government. Sovereign to be the Protector of the ancient religious faiths of this coun- Difficulties Faced by Missionary try. The present principle of religious neutrality must be replaced by a prin- Enterprise ciple of active and appreciative pro- tection. The most important conse- There is no gain in belittling the quence of the change will be that new difficulties which the mission- organized religious proselytism, havary enterprise is facing. One set ing for its purpose the seduction of of these difficulties springs from His Majesty's subjects from their anfalse ideas of nationalism. Presi- cestral faiths, will be barred, as the dent Wilson had no conception of King being the Protector of all rethe dynamite contained in the prin- ligions, cannot let one of them wage ciple of the self-determination of war against another. people. That principle is like the principle of self-expression. All And another set of difficulties depends upon what the "self" is has arisen from a false educational that is to express or determine it- philosophy taught the East in our self-whether or not it is a rea- Western schools. Its effect is seen sonable and righteous self. And in China and Russia in the attempt also much depends on what "na- to keep religious teaching away tionalism" means. In China these from the young. The Chinese Minlast few years some of the most ister of Education, trained in terrible anti-nationalistic, nation- America, is prohibiting all relially-suicidal ideas have paraded gious instruction and worship in under the name of "nationalism." primary and junior schools and it And now in India, in the interest is discouraged, though as yet alof nationalism, good men are advo- lowed as an optional study, in cating ideas which wiII immobilize higher schools. The Government society and freeze mental and mor- regulation reads: al progress. Mr. Gandhi is arguing against all changes of religious A private school founded by a rerelationships, denouncing all "con- ligious body is not permitted to give version," and Mr. Natarajan is religion as a required subject, nor is pleading for political protection in religious propaganda permitted in the behalf of religious immobility. In class instruction. If there are any rean editorial in the Indian Social ligious exercise, students shall not be Reformer of March 29, 1930, he compelled or enticed to participate. wrote: No religious exercises shall be allowed in primary schools.

The conception of Sovereignty in a To the protest of the Chinese monarchy is not a wholly secular one, churches the Minister of Educ!land there must be something in the tioD replied: conditions attaching to it to indicate a spiritual contact between the Sov- -If you propose to experiment in ereign and the subject. It is against education, basing your experiment on the immemorial tradition of India to projects related to science and social impose a disability on any religion. conditions, this is something which We cannot ask that the King of the the Government unquestionably ap-

proves and permits. Religion, how- of the current year, by making at least ever, is .one type of abstract intangible the usual provision for theological imagination, and is outside the cate- schools and Bible training institutes, gory of educational theories and there and by urging all missionaries, whose is therefore no reason for the Govern- activities in other directions are hinment to permit religion in schools for dered, to devote themselves to enthuthe purpose of experimentation. siastic evangelism with their Chinese associates. China will indeed face a problem a few years hence with a gen- The medical work is as needy and eration educated without religion as successful as ever, yet the number and without the morals and dy- of doctors and nurses is less by more namic and sanctions which only religion can supply. than 20 % than five years ago. This Facing Opportunities work is so highly appreciated by the Chinese for its tangible benefits, and But the missionary enterprise goes so hand-in-hand with direct evanfaces opportunities as well as dif- gelism that there should be no diminuficulties. The political opposition tion of the American Church's efforts which is met in many lands to the to man and maintain this beautiful instrumentalities and agencies ministry to body and soul. which missions have used, such as schools, hospitals, philanthropies, Never has there been greater need has not affected the openness of than now for high-grade Christian litattitude of the people. At this very erature in Chinese. Never a larger time the missionary schools and welcome accorded to it. The Bible and colleges in China are more crowd- Tract Societies are selling more books ed than ever. And even where and tracts than ever before, and the there has been political restriction new dignity acquired by the vernacuin these matters there has been lar as a literary medium, affords an none as yet with regard to direct unparalleled opportunity for Chinese evangelism. A statement recently writers and foreign translators. issued by the Presbyterian Board refers to this: In many lands old resistance has dissolved. Meshed, for example, is No evidence has come to hand that the most sacred city of Persia. any restraint has been placed by the Here are the shrines of Imam Reza Chinese Government upon the preach- and the mosque of Ganhar Shad. ing of the Gospel in churches, chapels, And behind the shrine there was markets or homes; but on the con- in 1922, a great cemetery. From trary, the almost universal report is all over the Shiah Mohammedan of an unparalleled receptiveness to the world, people had come to lay their Gospel and its messengers .on the part bones in this sacred place, and any of the Chinese people, and even among desecration of their graves would students of certain government schools. have led to riot and slaughter. In view of the fact that our evangel- One walked about with the utmost reverence and care. And now what istic mi,ssionaries are fewer by 15 % has happened? One of the mission- aries writes: than in 1925, the Board would cooperate to the fullest degree possible with You asked about the graveyard back the Chinese Church's present great of the shrine in Meshed and the dis- Evangelistic Movement by calling and posal made of the bodies. Bones excaappointing to this work China's full vated were ruthlessly thrown into carts usual share of the accepted candidates and wagons and hauled outside the city and dumped into pits where they were covered. Scarcely more respect was

shown for bones of animals. Mrs.– Silently it is finding its way into told me that she walked through the the stream of Japanese culture, cemetery while excavations were going Protestantism more apparently, on and that she saw the skeletoIl8 of Roman Catholicism not so evidentsix persons in as many shallow graves ly but solidly. All are reforming built one over the other. A dentist, society. Whether we openly con- I believe, asked for a skull and the fess Christianity or object to it, official replied that he could furnish still the New Testament is making two hundred if he desired. Had such its way into the innermost corners a desecration of these graves of de- of families, if not as a religion, vout Moslems, whose bodies had been then as a moral power. I have brought hundred.s arid even thousands evidence of this everywhere I travof miles for burial "under the shadow el in the country." of Imam Reza," been attempted some years ago it would have ended in a And what is true of Japan is most serIous riot. That there should now be no more than murmurs of op- true of the world. The ideals and position .shows that Persia is changing principles of Jesus are pervading inwardly as well as outwardly. the world. They are not dominant. And their steady extension is not This is a parable easily read. unchallenged. There are deadly Nat in Persia only are old stag- forces in opposition. Alas, the nancies and sterilities dying, and spread of the ideals and principles new forces seeping in. At the is not enough! There is need of other end of Asia the same things the deeper work·which only Christ are happening. A recent visitor to can do when He is recognized as Japan reports an interview with Saviour and Lord. The world Dr. Nitobe, for many years J apa- needs not the moderatist acceptnese representative on the Secre- ance of ideas only, but the moral tariat of the League of Nations. and spiritual deliverance and re- With regard to the influences now creation of the Cross and Resurmoulding the moral ideals of rection of Christ. It needs not the Japan, he said; "The chiefest of ethics of the Gospel only but new these influences is Christianity. life in and by the Son of God.

What of the night, 0 Watchman? What of the night, 0 Watchman? Turn to the East thine eyes, Rises to Thee our cry; And say is there any token Prophet divine of Nazareth, Of the dawning in the skies? Make to our hearts reply: Or do the shadows linger, Over the earth's wild warfare Thy lips, are they sad and dumb, Comes not a time more fair, With never a word of gladness Swords into ploughshares beaten, That the tarrying morn is come? Peace throned everywhere?

Then answered the patient Watchman "Wait," said the Heavenly Watchman, From the mountain's lonely height, "Let not thy spirit quail, To the waiting souls in the valley, Strife shall not be eternal, "I can see the breaking light; Harmony shall prevail; There's a glow on the far horizon Battle clouds all shall scatter, That is growing more wide and clear, Hatred shall be outcast, And soon shall the sun be flinging Love's ever broadening glory His splendors both far and near." Break on the world at last!" -Selected.

THE WORLD'S GREATEST NEED*

BY JOHN R. MOTT, LL.D., New York Ohait"ma,n 01 the InternationaZ Mis8ionar1J OouncH W HEN Jesus Christ said, of Christ. Sometimes He enters in "The Son of Man came not the most unexpected ways. That to be ministered unto, but to is what we have a right to expect minister, and to give his life a from a superhuman Christ.

ransom for many," He led us not Enlarged Opportunities only up into the presence of the world's greatest mystery, but like- I have been moving among na- wise into that of the world's great- tions for over forty years, on jourest reality. It is proved by every neys around the world again and test in -individual life; in social again, and on nearly all the battlelife and in international relations. fields of Christianity and I believe When He said, "I am come that that the present is a time of unthey might have life and that they doubtedly rising spiritual tide. It might have it more abundantly," is a time of the rising tide of opdid He not afford us a program portunity. and a platform and a message There have been times when in which makes possible meeting the certain parts of the world the deepest longings of the human donrs have been as wide open as they are now, but never has there heart and the deepest needs of the been a time when on every conhuman race? tinent and in every part of each continent the doors have been so When He said, in language that wide ajar for the penetrating inwould seem subject to no two in- fluence of Christ and His message, terpretations, "Ye shall be wit- as they are today. You and I are nesses unto me both in Jerusalem, living in a most wonderful moment and in all Judea, and in Samaria, in the unfolding plans of the Kingand unto the uttermost part of the earth," with matchless lucidity dom. summoning us into larger evangel- I include the Mohammedan world ism-how can it be that we miss in this statement. One of the conthe way? As we look round us and realize ferences I have been attending was how few, comparatively, are com- held in Turkey. I can best describe the situation when I say that the ing under the spell of our Lord, best experienced missionaries and and how few are yielding to this native Christians of Turkey conexpansive purpose, for the obvious sider the real opportunity has just reason that it is not being brought arrived. to bear, do we not hear the summons? May it never fall on deaf I am aware of the fact that cer- tain methods employed in other ears! fields cannot be freely employed in The whole world is open. It would be difficult to mention any Turkey. In schools and colleges door that we can honestly say is they cannot do today what they closed to the penetrating influence did and would like to do, but that does not close the doors. They can *Extracts from an address delivered at live Christ. Those who have an Northfield, Massachusetts, last summer.

10 opportunity to teach are at liberty tianity. Nothing has moved me to do work of a Christian charac- more than the discovery that peoter outside of the school room. ple are looking for something from Christianity which they have not The more intensive method has been finding in their own faith or brought the most multiplying re- lack of faith. sults. Weare going to see wonders as a result of intensive work in I am a constant reader of Mo- Turkey. hammedan, Jewish and other non- Christian magazines in English, It is a time of the rising tide of and keep informed as to the utteropportunity. I have made a spe- ances of leaders of thought and cialty of unoccupied fields and I action and I am more impressed by have yet to be convinced there is what is being said by non-Chrisany field where, if we advance we tian and nonreligious people than will not find the doors open before by many things said by Christians. we reach the place. God has more than one method of getting at un- Rising Tide of Inquiry occupied fields-not only geographical areas, but groups of people, The present is a time of rising areas of life, and human relation- tide spiritually, mostly of interest ships. We- are living in a time manifested by inquiry. when we can say that the doors are not closed to the penetrating All over the world people are deinfluence of the living Christ. bating, calling into question all standards and checking up all This is a time of the rising tide sanctions that have held people for. of expectation. It is a struggle eenturies. We have more opporeach one of us knows to keep vivid tunities for sharing peoples doubts the spiritual realities. As we grow as well as their hopes. How much older we may be more sensitive to better this is than the old indifthe leadings of the Spirit and lis- ference and apathy I met in my tening to the still small voice. earlier jourm>v" in fields like Latin America, Asia. Africa, not to speak I have been vividly aware in my of America! How people can relast journeys of a movement among gard with indifference this present the classes of every backward race, oay, how we can be contented with every oppressed people, every de- the plans we now have, is more pressed stratum of society-a ~;han I can see. more equal outreaching. It is sometimes vaguely expressed, but Visit the bookshops in all lands! it is a groping after something There is a flood of printed matter, higher, freer, better. Our loving, and a disproportionately large inheavenly Father is brooding over crease of literature dealing with His children just as an earthly religion-I might say, literature father is filled with a burning de- of reality. If you have doubts, sire to evoke in his children aspira- make your own tests by getting tions for something better and book lists and talking with world higher. The most discerning Chris- travelers! Enter into intimate contian leaders an over the world be. versation with those engaged in lieve that we are on the threshold the work of evangelism who travel of something that will far tran- over goodly areas! Form your own scend anything we have had behind impressions! They have told me us in the world mission of Chris- that they know of no time like

these present days in point of in- our Lord, that elemental faith quiry, with people willing to pay which nothing can daunt.

great prices, which means an un- Another illustration may be the mistakable desire to find truth. mass movement in India. Out of This has its promising implica- possibly 320 millions in India over tions. We ought to be thanking nine-tenths live in 700,000 villages.

God that we are permitted to live Over 50 million people in the ag- in days like these. gregate are among the most neg- Criticism and Objection lected people of the human race. You can't think it a reality! The This is also a time of the rising age-long enemies of man are work- tide of criticism and objection. ing in those villages-ignorance, I look upon that as not without poverty, disease, strife, and sin.

its tremendous advantages, advan- The occupations of these outcasts tages we may turn from stum- from the Hindu point of view is blingblocks i n to stepping-stones. most defiling. They are not per- Remember the words of St. Paul: mitted to use a main street. They "For a great door and effectual is are not permitted to go to the vil- opened unto me, and there are lage schools. They are not permit- many adversaries." Christianity ted to draw water at the village seeks out the impossible to make well; and it is only in a few scores possible its wonderful works. I of villages that they are permitted distrust whether I am in the right to go to the temple. Well are they • place if I am not in the place of called the untouchables. Gandhi things impossible. When every- did not originate that name: his thing looks easy I make up my religion originated it.

mind the omnipotent Clirist will The first time I went to India, not manifest Himself there. It nearly forty years ago, in only two takes impossible situations to re- districts was there anything being veal the meaning of Christ, the ne- done for the outcasts. Most mis- cessity and adequacy of Christ. sionaries were regarding with sus- Rising Tide of Faith picion the mass movement. Now, of two million Protestant members, This is a time of rising spiritual over 73% are products of the move- tide throughout the world in faith. ment among depressed classes. In My wife and I went through the the villages that have been most ex- jungle on Sumatra, and we pulled posed to this movement of the Spir- aside the tropical vines from a it of God, a movement that means monument that commemorates the uplift, improvement, I have found lives of the first two missionaries the economic and social lot so trans- who went there and were eaten by formed that you could see it. Vil- cannibals. As we went through lages were also transformed moral- that valley we saw evidences of ly.

Christianity that, if we had not The most marvelous result of seen others, would compel us to be- this work is that many of the caste lieve that Christ not only does, but people have become Christians as a 18. All over that island where can- result of the object lesson of the nibals had had the right of way, transformed life of the outcasts.

in crowded churches I found faith Bishop Whitehead told me that he in the wonder-working power of had just come back from India

MEETING THE WORLD'S GREATEST NEED

where he had visited a Wesleyan numbers, and he proposed to mission where they had 3,000 caste double that in five years. converts, and had about 3,000 more preparing for baptism. This'seems I could think of nothing in the almost incredible. There is a rising program of Christ, or the comtide of faith among these depressed mands of Christ, or the resources people-blind, hopeless, in despair, of Christ, or the example of Christ abandoned by others-and now which would negative that prothere is this rising tide of faith posal, and nothing in the welfare of among the caste people. the Chinese church that would not make it highly desirable that they There are 3,000 baptisms in In- lend themselves to that undertakdia every week. There would be ing. 30,000 every week if we had sufficient numbers of wise guides and In everyone of OUr conferences teachers. Great restraint is being in China, not by a majority but by exercised by the most trustworthy unanimous vote, the leading mismissionaries. We have made mis- sionaries and trusted leaders of the takes, due to lack of vision at the Chinese churches voted to put home base. The people are stand- themselves behind this prophet. ing before our open doors and we When the National Council meethave to say, "Stay back! It is not ing of officials was held, after days safe for you to come unless we have of debate they committed themenough teachers." selves to support his five-year pro- gram, which was as follows: Advance in China 1. The cultivation among Christians When I was in China there met of a deeper knowledge of Christ, of a me in Canton a delegation, among more intimate fellowship with Him, them Cheng Ching Yi whom I knew and a more gracious experience of Him first as a schoolboy in Peking. He in all phases of life. is a retiring man, though a great leader, executive head of the Na- 2. The carrying out of evangelistic tional Christian Council and mod- work m the hope that the number of erator of this new Church of Christ Christians at least be doubled. in China which includes one-third of the Chineses Protestant Chris- 3. The endeavor on the part. of all tians.' He came to me and said: "I cooperating in the five-year movement have had a vision, and I want time to improve the religious education of to share it with you. I want to the Church through the use of the pulknow whether the best way to meet pit, Sunday school and other societies. this chaos in China would be a summons to a Christian advance." 4. Definite steps to overcome iIIiter- This vision came after days and a..y among church members. nights of prayer. 5. Sustained efforts to make the Dr. Cheng wanted to start a cam- family to a large extent the unit of paign to double the number of Christian endeavor, so that the Chris- Protestant church members in tian family method would increase the China in the next five years an in- membership of the church; also every crease of four hundred thirty-five possible effort to Christianize family thousand. It took over a hundred life. years to build up a church of such 6. That far more serious thought and care be given on the part of the church t'O the pr'Oblems 'Of th'Ose who are not Christians, but are coming un- der Christian influence as in Christian schools.

7. A clearly increased emphasis on

Christian standards, so that the church dustry, among the students, and should become far more self-dependent among groups of fishermen. There than at the present time, and that is nothing more fascinating than Christians generally should be helped his actual experiences with the difto a clearer understanding of the serv- ferent groups. ice which is theirs because they are Christians. Mr. Kagawa was converted un- der the influence of a missionary. 8. Earnest efforts to extend to When a small boy he went to a others the benefits of the Christian re- Christian school and college in ligion through personal evangelism Kobe, and decided to enter Chrisand through such other methods as tian work. Realizing his need he may be found desirable in the hope .came to this country and studied that within five years the number of at Princeton. Then he went back Christians may be doubled. into the slums, where he has been living ever since. He rises at 4 It takes faith to advance in the o'clock every morning, and nothing midst of civil war and battle and cheats him out of an hour with God. chaos. I wonder if we would be His eyesight is failing, and he says preparing plans like this in Amer- he is able to do more thinking as a ica, if we were in those conditions? result of not reading so much now. He has written many books; one of The Program in Japan them has run through 300 editions. He preaches on an average of three In Japan the Japanese Christian times a day, and gives a lot of time leader Toyohiko Kagawa told me he to other work. He has three social had a heavy burden which he want- settlements, one leper colony, one ed me to help him bear. He had research bureau. When asked to been studying about the Protestant take a position by the mayor of church of France, which, though Tokyo he refused, but said, "I will small, has already become a nation- give you as much time as I can wide force in its ideals, its spirit, spare in an honorary capacity." its principles, its personality, its This was accepted. He was first program. He said: regarded with suspicion, but now he has the confidence of the whole "My burden is, after much city. Parliament has appropriated thought and prayer, that if we ten million dollars toward carrying could have a million Protestant out one of his plans involving six Christians in Japan we might permeate this nation of sixty-eight cities. millions." He wanted to call the campaign "How many Protestant Chris- "The Million Souls Movement," but tians have you now?" I asked they decided to call it "The King- dom of God Movement." The aim "Two hundred forty thousand." is in three years to increase from He had shared his burden, with one-quarter million to one million the heads of his denomination. Christians. The plan embraces:- Some had responded, but others were skeptical. As a result he had 1. Organization of a network of spent last year in trying out new prayer; early morning prayer meetmethods in order to meet criti- ings in every church and city to pray cisms, as a result he had had 15,- for a revival of faith; prayer with a 000 converts less fifteen in his new spirit in the 1800 churches in work. He had tried his methods among the farmers, in the centers of in-

Japan for a revival of faith; monthly me to do to spread the Christward united prayer meetings of all churches movement in India, I will do. When in eveyy city; an annual conference for special prayer and preparation for Christ saw the multitudes He was the above purpose. In other words, a moved with compassion, and then conference for prayer, and nothing He began to send out His disciples. else. Second, we must think not only 2. Personal evangelism on the needs of men, but we must 3. Evangelism through literature be in thought upon God Himself. 4. Educational evangelism This current humanistic discussion 5. Evangelism through service is stimUlating more thought on God 6. Rural evangelization than I have ever known. We must 7. Evangelization vf fishing folk desire more that He may be mani- 8. Evangelization in mining camps fested, that we may witness fresh 9. Evangelization of the labor demonstrations of His power, the classes desire to share what He has done 10. The training of real evangelists. for us with others. Better workers alone will not suffice. Five thousand preachers should be Other things will be realized, trained at once. when we have this desire: First: A larger comprehension Spirit of Evangelism of the field where we are placed, A precursor of every great spir- the people and their background, itual advance has been an outbreak- their antecedents, mentality, and ing of unselfish and triumphant de- interests; a larger comprehension sire. Evangelistic methods change, of their battlefields and soul strug- but the spirit is the same, because gles and unanswered questions, a Jesus Christ is the same yesterday, larger comprehension of the forces that oppose us, and a larger comtoday, and forever. Evangelism is prehension of the favoring condimore a spirit than a method. Christ tions there are. is not shut up to any method or medium. We want things old and Second: We must have larger new, but there is something in- plans. Our plans are pitifully in- congruous in a static church. The adequate in contrast with the repower of Christ, the fountain head, sources of our Lord. I have found is always flowing. That is the vital- it is a vastly easier thing to see a ity we ought to have, new experi- large thing achieved than a small thing. The reason is that it takes ences breaking out all the while. an impossible thing to draw out The methods may change but the the imagination, which is the least u~ed faculty we have. Christ put spirit is the same. How can this larger desire be a tremendous strain on our im- agination. When He taught the generated? Bishop Gore sums up Golden Rule He forced us to get the lack in two phrases: We do not our imagination into play, and think, and we do not pray. That when He taught the commandment generalization will unlock any of love He put a strain upon our problem anywhere.

One way to develop this desire is by meditation, thinking on the imagination. needs of men, women and children The advantage of an impossible now living. As a result of my medi- program is that it calls out all our tation one night in one of the In- hidden powers, and another advandian villages, anything God permits tage is that it takes a large plan

to arrest the attention and partici- hour costs $5,000, plus the cost of pation of men and women of large all the artists engaged. We have affairs. The reason is that they hardly begun to adjust ourselves are not giving their time to little to the possibility of such means plans, and we have to show them available for arresting attention, a plan that convinces them that it for making impressions, for creatis worth while. ing an atmosphere. . ImpGssible situations also drive us to God, draw us to God, deepen 6. There is the' matter of reour acquaintance with Him, make treats. I am glad to say that is possible the finding of His condi- spreading. Even more depends on tions, paying the price. Christ what we do before we evangelize taught us this lesson in the Garden and what we do after than what of Gethsemane. we do when we evangelize. If I had to live my life over again I But mostly there are two great would spend vastly more in what implications. One is that such precedes evangelistic work and in work is going to be costly: and if what follows than what takes place what we are doing is not costly we in between. It is here that we are must make up our mind we have not His meaning. The second im- weak. plication is that we are to count My last word is that we must the cost and be ready to pay it. have a greater accession of power. We must have a larger message. We must experience this on a Christ is the same yesterday, to- larger scale for this work of evanday, and forever, but we have a gelism. Let us yield ourselves to larger comprehension of Christ the gracious, loving, omnipotent, life-giving power of the Spirit that than we had. greater works may take place and We must have a larger and truer be of such convincing power that they will prove the much needed strategy. We are at a time when reality and wonder-working power we have to take all fronts and deal of God and the reality of our with the world as a unity. There faith! must be a larger adaptation of means to ends. If you ask for Jesus Christ summons us today methods I would mention some of to come out of the zone of com- promise and apathy and passivity these: into the aggressive activity of sac- 1. Larger recognition of times rificial love. Think how absorbed people are today in every sphere and seasons, for instance, Christ- of interest-in politics, in pleasure, mas and Easter. in money making, in the search for fame and power. Under these con- 2. Explanation of much that is ditions how can we arrest the atgoing on in certain groups, com- tention of these preoccupied men and women so that they will hear munities and fields. the summons of Christ. Let Him 3. Religious education. Weare speak the word: "I if I be lifted up. : …. will draw all men unto just on the edges of the greatest me." That Great Magnet will work the world has ever known in break people out of their setting religious education. and lift them up to God.

4. Another means is social evan- gelism. 5. Also newspaper evangelism. In the National Broadcasting Company studio broadcasting an

METHODS PRODUCE

Notes From the Experience of Fifty-two Years in Africa BY THE REV. ROBERT LAWS, D.D., LL.D., of Livingstonia T HE apostolic method, Saint wrote. For this special work God, Paul tells us, was to "preach (as in all special work He has to Christ crucified." As exam- do) prepared His special agent.

pIes of this preaching, we have the Born and brought up in a univer- sermons of Peter after Pentecost, sity city, in the strictest school of and of Paul to both Jews and Gen- Jewish Pharasaic thought, yet tiles in large assemblies and also to sharing in the culture surround- individuals, such as the Philippian ing him, and acquainted with the jailer. In every case the burden literature of his time, he later of their message was the same: prosecuted his studies under the the remission of sins through Jesus famous teachers of Jerusalem, and the Saviour, and faith in Him as so became thoroughly versed in the the means of appropriating this doctrines, prejudices and errors, salvation for' the individua1. which he was to overthrow ·when Since so much importance at- the new truth revealed to him taches to their methods, it is changed his life and made him the worthwhile to take account of the clear exponent of the way of sal~ character and training of these vation through Christ.

apostolic teachers. Peter and nine Following the history of the others of the eleven apostles were Church since then, we see that hardy fishermen of Galilee. Their when this simple message was ad- literary education had been that of hered to and the obedience to the the ordinary Jewish boy; of high- will of God implied in this faith er education they had acquired was exhibited, the Church was none. But for three years they strong and did the will of God by had been in the school of Christ, spreading the Gospel in new lands living with Him, learning from and among many peoples. On the Him, and, like many a pupil since other hand, when this simple mes- then, imbibing knowledge and sage was overlaid by outward truth the real significance of which forms, ceremonies and ritual, and they only understood later – in these externals came to take the their case after they had received place of the essential realities the Holy Spirit at Pentecost. 'which the apostles proclaimed, This teaching and the experience then the strength of the Church of life gave them a wider vision waned and the dark ages settled with a new intellectual grip and on the Christian world and con- outlook. The gospels and the tinued till the reawakening of the epistles prove this, and we read old truths supplied the strength of them with surprise at the intellec- the Reformation with the glorious tual grasp and literary ability they results that followed.

display. Turning to Paul, we find The Editor has asked me in him the greatest teacher not whether my fifty-two years of only of the world today, but of the work in Central Africa confirms intervening centuries since he the above methods, or whether, as 2 17

some hold, "work for world peace, hills, one party would go and at- ,social and industrial betterment, tack, rob and even kill some of the and intellectual and physical de- people at the lake shore who were velopment can replace these with the subjects of the other sept, thus better results." getting their revenge.

The first step towards answer- The old men among the Ngoni ing this question is to state what were, as a rule, desirous of living I found to be the facts of life as at peace with their neighbors, but concerned the people with whom I the restless youths who had heard have had to deal. of the exploits of their fathers in Warfare Fifty Years Ago their young days were keen to show their prowess and urged that In 1875, the slave trade was war raids should be undertaken in rampant in Nyasaland and inter- the dry season, after their harvests tribal war was such a recognized had been safely gathered. There condition, that as a protection, were no newspapers in the country there lay between each tribe and by means of which the wishes of its neighbor a "no man's land," those who had not access to or which took two or three days to shared in the councils of the para- cross' on fo'ot. In the case of a mount chief could make their war raid this gave a good chance wishes known to him. These of news of the impending attack sought to attain this object by reaching the other tribe and ena- means of their evening village bling its members to take meas- dance and song.

ures for the safety of themselves An example may be given. In and their dependents. the cool of the evening, and espe- The Ngoni tribe on the hills west cially on dry, moonlight nights, of Lake Nyasa were an offshoot the people of the village gathered from the war-like Zulus of South in the cattle kraal to dance and Africa. They had crossed the sing, the younger boys in particu- Zambesi as war raiders and incor- lar being carefully instructed what porated the youths of the tribes to do. At a distance it seemed as they conquered, training them as if a drum accompanied and timed warriors and teaching them their the dance, but in fact drums were methods of warfare. . Under des- not used, but instead a rythmic potic chiefs they became very thump of the foot on the ground powerful and the terror of their by every dancer produced the imi- neighbors. Septs of the Ngoni con- tative sound. The song consisted sidered parts of subject tribes liv- of a varying, extemporary recita- ing on the lake shore as their tive of a few notes and words by special property and from these a leader, followed by a chorus in they levied annually a tribute of which all joined. In the case re- a certain number of boys and girls ferred to, the chorus was: "The who had to be delivered to their cattle at the north end (of Lake conquerors on the hills; the boys Nyasa) are feeding on bananas, to be trained to fight, the girls to Mombera!" (Mombera was the be the slave wives of their captors. name of their chief.) The song When a quarrel arose between two pointed out to him that the cattle of these septs, instead of fighting at Karonga, at the north end of it out between themselves on the Lake Nyasa, were feeding on ba-

WHAT METHODS PRODUCE RESULTS

nanas which the Ngoni counted a fear of their lives. This was found delicacy they could not grow well in their religious beliefs and super- in their colder climate, and so they stition. The people believed in a thought it would be a good thing supreme being or creator concern- to organize a cattle raid on the ing whom their notions were very Konde living there and they took hazy, and whose goodwill had to this means of asking the chief to be sought. They believed in im- sanction their doing so. His con- mortality and that the spirits of sent obtained, a war party would their forefathers still took an in- be summoned together, but the terest, often a malign one, in the poiI).t of attack was carefully con- cealed. A journey of fifty to one hundred miles had to be under- taken and the necessary food car- ried with them.

Sometimes these raids were suc- cessful, but often severe fighting took place and by no means did all the attackers return home even alter what they counted a success- ful raid; Prisoners as well as cattle and other booty were carried off.

In raids on tribes nearer at hand, the actual killed and wounded usually proved the smallest part of the damage done. The gardens of the people were destroyed, vil- lages were burned, and the people were often afraid to remain in their villages and spent the nights in the bush. Food was very scarce and the people living in a half- starved condition soon had their vitality lowered, and scratches or bruises on their legs developed into large septic ulcers often perma- nently crippling the sufferers.

Women and children especially suf- AN AFRICAN WITCH DOCTOR fered under these conditions, and when young children were exposed affairs of their children. In addito them for any length of time tion to these there were many their growth was stunted f or life. other spirits whom they believed This intertribal warfare was not were unfriendly to them and who confined to the Ngoni and their had to be propitiated by prayers neighbors, but was the chronic con- and sacrifices.

dition between other tribes as well, Witchcraft when not joined in a confederacy to meet a common foe. Closely bound up with these War fear was the lot of all but ideas was their profound faith in was by no means the most deadly witchcraft, which kept them in

terror and dominated their lives. constant mental and spiritual ter- Any accident or untoward event ror under which they lived, both might be referred to evil spirits, men and women became premabut was almost universally counted turely aged in appearance and the as caused by some wizard or witch. faces of the men were lined, wrin- Anyone could be held to be such; kled and furrowed by them and by some indeed gave themselves out the lusts and passions of heathento be so, thus gaining a notoriety ism. which caused them to be feared. But to the ordinary man an acci- Ask any individual if he were dent or illness had only one sure a sinner, he would stoutly maintain cause–some person had an en- the opposite and assert his impecmity against him and had be- cability in unmeasured terms. Ask witched him. The person accused him if he knew if there was any might deny the charge, but the evil done in his village, and he had only recognized way of proving no hesitation in declaring that he his innocence was for him to de- did and indeed all the inhabitants mand the test of the ordeal. The of his village except himself had old English ordeals by boiling been guilty of some evil. Get closer water and' a red hot iron were to the man's conscience and ask known and practised, but the most him if he had not some time gone common method was that of drink- out at night if not by day, and ing the powdered bark of a tree, done something he did not wish which is poisonous, mixed with the anyone to see him do or know he water. If the accused vomited the had done, and sooner or later the deadly draught he had swallowed, man would admit that he was not he was accounted innocent; if he 80 immaculate as he would fain be did not, then death was the result considered. There is just as much and his guilt was proven. It was comfort to the heathen in Africa not always easy to fix on the sup- as to the heathen in America or posed culprit, and the help of the England, in being one of a lot of witch doctor was called in to find sinners. He is so ready to admit him. After certain incantations, this that only the power of the and consulting his oracle of bones, Holy Spirit can wring from him tortoise shell, etc., he would fasten the cry: "God be merciful to me on some one, usually a person un- the sinner." der general suspicion, or against whom a grudge existed, and this What does all this prove? Simindividual was compelled to drink ply the great fact of sin and the the ordeal to prove his innocence. sinner. The only check on these proceedings was that if the person accused Next, I have never met a man vomited, he might turn on his ac- who was not ready to admit that cuser and demand compensation sin deserved to be punished and or that he also should drink the should be punished. When a man ordeal. reaches the stage of admitting that he is a sinner and that he de- Recognizing Sin serves to be punished for his sin, he begins to see also the necessity No wonder that with these un- for a Saviour and asks the quescertainties of life, frequent priva- tion how salvation is to be found. tions arising from them, and the In answer to his inquiry as to how he can obtain salvation, heathen-

ism points to sacrifice. He brings apathy of hopeless despair which his offering of flour and beer, but has no anchor within the veil. soon realizes that this is not enough. Fowls are more valuable To persons in such a state, soand are next offered. cial or industrial betterment, how- e v e r advantageous outwardly, Still his conscience is not re- gives no help. World peace, though lieved, and sheep and goats are helpful to the body, brings no then resorted to by the sinner, but peace to the mind. Education may the burden is not taken away and help to dispel superstition but it oxen become a more costly sacri- cannot remove the load of sin. fice, only to find that the blood of This, only Jesus the Saviour can FUTURE CHRIS'l'IAN LEADERS IN TRAINING IN LIVINGSTONIA the ox avails as little. Yet it is take away, and He is ready to do the man's best in ordinary life. In it for all who believe in Him. This a crisis of life, as when a company is the glorious message the misin a canoe during a storm are like sionary has to proclaim and it is to be drowned or a tribal calamity the only infallible one the world is impending, a human victim is has ever heard. offered as the greatest sacrifice they can bring to appease the ma- When this great change has lign spirits seeking their ruin. taken place in the heart of a man, When this has proved ineffectual, and he is regenerated, then and the batHed soul knows not where to then only is he ready and fit to turn, if it still seeks relief and move towards social and intellecpeace. To most, the result is the tual benefit. I state this not as an opinion but as a scientific fact of

experience. Since its beginning in approximately correct for a min- 1875, education, industry, medi- ute or two, but soon, in disgust, I cine and other things have had gave up the futile task and learned their place in the work of the Liv- that without a mainspring in ingstonia Mission, with the result, working order even the famous that, though some responded to watch of Greenwich-the most these influences and reached a costly watch in the world-would higher standard while in the serv- be useless and all the precautions ice of Europeans, and even when to preserve the same temperature separated from these and amid and the same barometrical prestheir old heathen surroundings SUre could not make the hands of some retained a kindly respect for that watch agree with the God- given timekeeping spheres of the the civilization to which they had universe. been introduced, still it was only The parable is true. When a those on whom the spiritual man trusts in Christ as his Saviour change had taken place, who re- and Lord, he becomes a new creatained the advancement made and ture. Sin, the middle wall of parsought to propagate it to others. tition between him and God, is While fully convinced and having broken down, and instead of fear, seen it proved by experience, that the love of God floods his heart and Christianity alone can change the illumines his life. Then it is that individual and a peopie, and hav- all schemes of social betterment, ing seen this change in thousands, intellectual and industrial develop- I gladly acknowledge the assist- ment and world peace, have a ance, good government, legitimate chance of success and stable encommerce, industry and unbroken durance because they are dependpeace can give to the advancement ent for such on the love of man for of the Kin~dom of Christ. But his brother man-to olwedience to none of them, nor all of them to- the second commandment which gether, can ever take the place of only becomes effectual after and in Christ Himself, or the salvation from sin and the new spiritual life the measure by which the first which He offers. commandment is accepted and obeyed. For the highest Authority Once, when a boy, I received a has said: "Thou shalt love the present of a superior toy watch Lord thy God with all thy heart with moveable hands. The first day I made many adjustments of and with all thy soul and with all these hands to the face of the sol- thy mind. This is the first and emn-ticking grandfather's clock great commandment; and the secwhich had been timekeeper for ond is like unto it, thou shalt love three generations. My watch was thy neighbor as thyself."

"What we need is not to have Pentecost rationalized, but realized."

"Nothing short of Pervasion of Power could have made a Fellowship of the Spirit out of that bewildered, cringing company of disciples."

"When we talk of 'perpetuating Pentecost,' we are thinking not of high-pressure moments, but of high-powered motives."

"Too many of us are looking for a punier Pentecost at a moment when we stand sorely in need of a greater."-John M. Versteeg.

A TYPICAL UNIMPROVED KOREAN

BUILDING A NEW KOREA Glimpses of Progress and Forces at Work BY DELAVAN L. PIERSON T HE "Hermit Nation" has 500,000 Japanese have settled in passed into history, and a Korea in the last twenty-five years New Korea is being built out and Chinese coolie labor is tempoof the old. Even the familiar names rarily imported. The patronage of have been changed in maps and on foreign tourists and the benefits of signboards. Korea has become foreign commerce are eagerly Chosen; Pyengyang is now Heijo; sought. Syen Chun is Sen Sen; and Seoul, A party of eighteen American the capital, is Keijo. Generally editors and their wives preceded these are Japanese translations of us in China and Korea. They were Korean characters. As the Her- well-known journalists connected mit days passed with the advent of with influential periodicals. Durforeigners and the coming of ing their five days in Korea, as Christian missionaries, so now guests of the Japanese Tourist Buwith the advent of Japanese sover- reau, they visited the beautiful eignty the old life and institutions Diamond Mountains and the capiare gradually disappearing. Rail- tal city, Keijo. Naturally, their roads and motor roads are opening hosts made sure that they would the interior; steamship lines and see and hear the things that would airplanes are bringing in foreign make the most favorable imprestravelers and commerce; telephone sion on them and on their readers and telegraph are making commu- at hOIlie. Banquets and speeches nication quick and easy. Over and visits to palaces and shrines 23

gave them glimpses of the ex- upon as one of the most fruitful ternals of Korean scenery and and promising fields-in many re- development – fro m a Japanese spects the work being. comparable viewpoint. But life on railways, in to missions in Apostolic days. But hotels and at pleasure resorts, in while there is much to encourage, shops and temples, cannot be ex- there are also in Korea today, as pected to make one understand in Palestine and Asia Minor in the conditions in Korea. first century, many difficulties to In interviews and speeches, these be overcome. One need not look editors reported "Peaceful con- far beneath the surface to discover tentment and calm; prosperous them. But these are days (J,f build- farmers and wonderful progress in ing a new Korea out of the old; agricultural development; happy difficulties and conflicts may be ex- men, women and children in the pected; they are not causes for villages and on the city streets." discouragement but are a challenge These were, perhaps, natural con- to faith and more earnest en- clusions from seeing the hard deavor.

working, picturesque farmers, in In Pyengyang, I was invited to their wide-brimmed hats, at work a Korean banquet to meet a com- in the paddy' fields. The men arid pany of Korean gentlemen. I com- women in white starched clothing promised on a "tea" as offering a and old gentlemen in transparent better opportunity for informal horsehair hat s covering "top conference and fellowship. Twelve knots," are pictUresque and pleas- men of education and standing, all ing sights. But we must look be- deeply interested in the highest neath the surface if we would un- welfare of their country and peo~ derstand Korea or any land. Here pIe, made the two hours fruitful we find unrest and a dread D,f the and delightful. We were seated, future that are destroying the shoeless and cross-legged, on the "peaceful contentment" and that matted floor, around a long table threaten Korean farmers with about a foot high, in an attractive ruin. Korean home. By way of introduc- While in Korea, it was our priv- tion, I asked each one to indicate ilege to talk with Japanese and his occupation and special inter- Koreans, missionaries and business ests. Dr. Samuel Moffat, a mis- men, journalists and pastors, men sionary who has spent forty years and women, and to read news- in Korea, interpreted and asked papers and official reports. By what their reply to the question these means we gleaned some truth would have been twenty years ago.

as to the real conditions, the diffi- They laughed and said, "We would culties and the forces concerned in all have replied that we were gen- the building of a new Chosen out tlemen of leisure." In those days, of the old Korea. this was considered more in keep- After some months spent in ing Iwith dignity. Now they an- Moslem lands, in India, Burma and swered frankly. The host was a China, all with their unrest and landed proprietor, the father of vexing problems, it was refreshing one of the best surgeons in Chosen.

to visit a land which is not claimed Another, was himself a leading to be "the most difficult field in physician with modern education Asia." Korea has long been looked and a good practice. There was

BUILDING A NEW KOREA

Kim Moksa, the famous evangelist, with the political outlook and know now almost blind but still traveling not what the future offers. The hundreds of miles in Korea and older and wiser Koreans see no Manchuria, preaching the Gospel. hope for independence but are dis- There was Pyun Moksa, pastor of contented with present conditions. the large, self-supporting Central When any disturbance occurs, the Presbyterian church in Pyeng- Japanese police tirst arrest Korean yang-a church with over 2,000 suspects and then make inquiries. members and the mother of eight- Last year, when some Japanese een other churches. Other men students made objectionable represent included two successful marks to Korean girls, the Korean dry goods merchants, a dealer in students resented it and a tight sea products, a paper merchant followed in which Japanese used and a dealer in gold. Many of knives. The police arrested the , ,j KOREAN CHlIISTIAN BUSINESS MEN WHOM THE EDI'l' OR MET IN PYENGYANG Kim Moksa stands at the right of the center and Dr. Samuel Moffett at the right, second row these men had suffered severely Koreans only, put them in jail and for their faith and all had been sought by harsh means to extort tested and had proved their loyalty confessions. Some students, under torture, acknowledged faults which to Christ. later they denied. It was difficult "What," I asked, "are some of to discover the truth.

the difficulties that hinder the The present Governor-General, progress of the Korean Church to- Baron Saito, is highly respected day?" All took part freely in the by the Koreans who believe that discussions. The gist of their re- he is endeavoring to establish plies is as follows: peace and justice; but the police are hated as suspicious, harsh and First, there are the political dil- unfair. Their occasional mistreatjiculties. The patriotic youth are ment of Koreans keeps the people restless under the rule of a foreign government. They are dissatisfied

in a state of unrest and fear. despised as traitors. The Japanese Some months ago, when Kim Moksa schools and textbooks are used to was asked by the Christian En- "Japanize" Korea and school chil- deavorers to address a large meet- dren are forced to pay homage to ing on temperance, he made an im- the Emperor's picture and even passioned plea for total abstinence. Christians are compelled to wor- "Strong drink," he said, "is the ship at Shinto shrines.

cause of many evils in Korea- Many distasteful features of poverty, loss of property, sin and Japanese rule are necessary and degeneracy. If you would be true some are beneficial to Korea; but patriots and true men, leave strong the situation creates unrest and drink alone!" discontent. The Japanese are con- "Stop! Stop!" cried the Jap- querors by force of arms, but they anese police, who are always have not yet learned how to be watching f'o'r sedition in such an "more than conquerors" by win- audience. These remarks of the ning the confidence and friendship speaker were considered dangerous of the ~oreans. One result of these because the Japanese own the conditions is that the attention of breweries and distilleries. the people is drawn from worth- "Why should I stop?" cried Pas- while religious and spiritual mat- tor Kim. "What I have said is only ters. Some have the mistaken idea the truth." that patriotism demands their "Well, be careful," replied the more earnest devotion to temporal police. and material things even th()ugh The audience needed no strong- this is to their own loss and a det~ er endorsement of the speaker's riment to the Church.

words than the opposition of the A second obstacle to Christian police. The Koreans cried out and progress in Korea is economic.

beat their breasts, many broke From an Occidental standpoint, the their clay pipes and those who had Koreans have always been poor, bottles of strong drink emptied the but not paupers. They have had c'Ontents on the ground. They to work hard for a meagre sub- vowed to become total abstainers sistence, but their life has been and to use money formerly spent simple and their wants few. Mud for drink to buy cattle and farm walls with a thatched roof for a implements. Thus, indirectly, the home, rice and beans for food, and political feeling helped the cause a few yards of cloth for clothing, of temperance. have in the past sustained life.

Koreans complain that the J ap- Today, however, the standards of anese have not only taken their living have become more compli- country, but that they are endeav- cated and their expenses have in- oring to rob them of their lan- creased, without a corresponding guage and their literature; they increase in income. The material have substituted Japanese names progress of Korea, with enlarged for Korean to designate their cities commerce and manufactUre, re- and have introduced foreign coin- forestations and large irrigation age; they have brought in foreign schemes, has impr'oved the country soldiers and police and have made without directly benefiting Ko- subordinate hireling police of im- reans. In some instances the re- poverished Koreans. These are verse is true,

BUILDING A NEW KOREA

Take the great Japanese irriga- for their secular business. Physical tion projects. The average Korean needs are so insistant that spirit- farmer owns and cultivates but a ual things suffer neglect.

few tsubo (6 feet square) of land. A third difficulty is related to All his efforts have been required education. For the past forty to raise enough rice for his im- years, Christians in Chosen have mediate necessities. Now the Jap- stressed elementary education and anese propose to tax the farmers bef(we the coming of the Japanese whose land is irrigated to pay for most of the schools, especially in the irrigation projects in ten years. country districts, were in their And they must use the irrigation ditches whether they wish to or not. This taxation, the Koreans declare, will absorb all the profits from their farms and they will be Q·bliged to sell or mortgage them.

It is a confiscatory project. Jap- anese bankers and the Japanese Development Company are ready to loan money to Japanese but not to Koreans, except at excessive in- terest. Thus, the Koreans declare, two-thirds of the farm lands will be in the hands of the Japanese in a few years. If the payments eould be extended over a period of thirty years the farms might be saved- and the farmers also.

The Koreans also find it difficult to compete with Japanese in busi- ness for they have no modern methods or experience in foreign trade.

This e con 0 m i c situation is threatening the churches. The A BURDEN BEARER IN KOREA Christians have been taught to be thrifty and to give generously. hands. The Japanese have sought Most of their churches are self- to control the educational system supporting. Now parents find it and to secularize it. Mission difficult to educate their children, schools were required to make at- and church members to support tendance at religious exercises vol- their pastors. F'or some years untary and to take the Bible out of Christians have devoted much time the curriculum. Some missions to Bible study and Christian work, yielded to this demand, but the giving many days a year to per- Presbyterians declined to carryon sonal evangelism of their non- school work if the new regulations Christian neighbors. Now eco- were enforced. The Japanese nomic pressure makes this more wisely agreed not to press the let- difficult. There is also an increased ter of the law and most of the temptation to use the Lord's Day schools continue to teach the Bible

as before. Some are recognized by increased and an anti-Christian the government, but pupils in un- spirit is fostered.

recognized schools suffer handi- Forces for Building caps in preparing for go,vernment positions. All this directly affects the One of the chief complaints is growth and the health of the Chris- that Japanese schools discriminate tian Church, which at one time against Koreans-especially Chris- gave promise of being the dom- tians or any who have been con- inant influence in Korea. Truly nected wit h the Independence this is not the most difficult field Movement. While the Japanese in Asia, but there are still many have temporized in the matter of obstinate obstacles to be overcome religious education in missi{)n in the name and power of Christ.

schools, they are known to look These obstacles offer a challenge to with disfavor on Christian educa- the Christian Church for Korea is tion. Christian students from mis- a field of great opportunity and of sion schools find it difficult to gain rich promise. The people are un- admission to Japanese universities usually susceptable to the teach- and technical schools. Parents are ings and the Spirit of Christ and therefore tempted to send their the forces that are with us are children to government institu- stronger than those that are tions where they receive no Chris- against us.

tian instruction and may even be 1. To spend a Sunday in a city u n d e r anti-Christian influences. like Pyengyang is an inspiration.

There is danger that this may les- It was our privilege to make a sen the high respect which Ko- round of visits to many of the reans today hold for the Church Church and Sunday-school serv- and other Christian institutions. ices in this "Christian Capital" of A fourth difficulty is found in Korea. We could not even catch a the present general social and re- glimpse of all the services, for ligious situation. Intemperance, there are over twenty Presbyterian the social evil and other sins have churches alone, besides man y always been present in Korea-as strong Methodist congregations.

elsewhere–but they were growing At the West Gate church, it was less and less respectable under very impressive to see an audience Christian influence. Unfortunately, of five hundred men and women in with the advent of the Japanese, their white, yellow, pink or purple these evils have increased. More garments, looking like a field of intoxicants have I:leen imported lilies, daffodils, roses and hya- and licensed prostitute quarters cinths. All had removed their have been established in several shoes and were seated cross-legged cities. Added temptations have on the clean grass matting. The been put in the way of the youth women were on one side and the and many are not strong enough men on the other. Children and to resist. Imposing Shinto shrines young people meet at a separate have been established, like that on hour. No more reverent and at- the mountain overlooking Seoul; tentive audience could be found in ancestral worship is linked with any land. With bowed heads, they emperor worship; atheistic and joined in prayer; with open Bibles communistic literature has greatly they followed the Scripture read-

BUILDING A NEW KOREA

ing or exposition; with one accord prompted. New pupils from nonthey joined heartily in the songs Christian homes are placed in a of praise. separate class until they have at- tended four successive Sundays In the room below was gathered, and can be cle&ned and classified. at the same time, a junior audi- The earnest, reverent, Church-wide ence. The Presbyterian churches Bible work is one of the secrets of hold their preaching services in the strength and growth of Christhe afternoon, some of the congre- tianity in Korea. Among a popugations being so large as to neces- lation of 19,000,000, there are over sitate adults and young people 2,000 Presbyterian churches alone, besides almost as many Methodist meeting at different hours. In the mornings, the Presby- PART OF A SUNDAY MORNING AUDIENCE IN 'l'HE CENTRAL PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, PYENGYANG, KOREA terian churches hold their large and independent congregations. schools for Bible study in three The total number of Protestant sections. Men, women and young church members is over 300,000, people take their turns in filling with as many more adherents. the large churches and in caring for the home and small children. 2. Another sign of strength and The sight of these large Sunday- secret of growth of the Korean schools diligently engaged in Bible Church is the way in which Chrisstudy set an example to churches tians witness to their unbelieving in America. Many of the girls neighbors. Believers have been and women carried placid little taught that it is the duty and black-haired, olive-skinned babies privilege of every Christian to be strapped on tlieir backs, Korean a witness; one of the requirements fashion. These infants practically for Church membership is that never cried; they slept or nod- the candidate shall have already ded, smiled or nursed as nature sought to lead some unbeliever to Christ. Many new congregations

have been formed in towns and vil- tians. In Pyengyang and other lages never visited by an ordained cities and towns the shops of pastor, evangelist or missionary. Christians can be distinguished Some of the regular means used from those of non-Christians by to s pre a d the Gospel and to the fact that they are closed on strengthen the Church are: evan- Sunday and the shutters are up.

gelistic itineration and revival Non – attendance at church is a campaigns; Bible classes and in- cause for discipline, and if con- stitutes held for from two to ten tinued without good reason leads weeks in various churches; Chris- to suspension. In the present cam- tian work in schools, colleges and paign, some of those so disciplined hospitals; and special Bible courses have been restored to the church in higher Bible schools, theological and have expressed their joy in seminaries and medical schools. their return to the fold.

A special church-wide evangel- 3. Another source of strength to istic campaign is now in progress the Church in Korea is the fact throughout Korea. that pastors consider their congre- The objectives are: gations not merely their field for 1. To doubl,e church attendance. CUltivation, but their force for 2. To double church membership. service. Requirements for church 3. To increase the number of in- offices include not only a blameless quirers. life, but evidence that the candi- 4. To increase attendance at Sun- date rules well his own household; day-schools. that he knows the catechism and 5. To promote Bible classes and rules of church government; can Bible institutes. read Korean and Chinese and is able and ready to pray and preach 6. To promote family worship in acceptably. If the wife of a church the homes. officer becomes involved in a scan- dal or if one of his children mar- 7. The church-wide observance of ries an unbeliever, that is sufficient the Lord's Day. cause for his resignation. He 8. Every church member a witness for Christ.

9. Every Christian a Bible student.

10. To promote Christian steward- should be able to exert a stronger ship in the use of time, talents and influence in his o,wn household if money. he is worthy to rule lin the Church For the evangelistic meetings, of God. It would be interesting to cards were distributed to church apply these tests to church officers members. These are good for ad- in America!

mission only when the member is In the building of a new Korea accompanied by a non-Christian. out of the old there are many This insures an audience at least forces at work. Chiefly, they are 50 per cent unevangelized and en- two-as has been intimated-the lists Christians as personal work- Japanese government and the ers. Already many churches re- Christian Church. These should port a gain in all objectives and not be antagonistic but supplemen- some have already doubled or tary. The Japanese are develop- tripled their membership. ing the material resources, pro- Sunday observance and regular moting sanitation, he a I t hand church attendance are both strong- education. They are responsible ly stressed among Korean Chris- for peace and security, for justice

BUILDING A NEW KOREA

and laws, and for international re- of the Word of God. The Bible lations. In most of these directions must be studied and understood they are showing commendable and its teachings followed if a efficiency. Where they fall short Church is to live and grow. Ko- seems to be in their lack of sym- rean Christians accept it literally.

pathy and understanding of the They fully believe that the Lord Koreans. Most officials tend to today, in answer to the prayer of treat them as inferiors and seek to faith, heals the sick. They still transform them into Japanese too cast out demons in the Name and hastily and harshly. They show a Power of Christ; they follow New lack of appreciation for Korean Testament standards more closely history and institutions and over- than mnst western Churches in the look the value of religious teaching observance of the Lord's Day, in -especially the blessings that have the examination of candidates for come through Christ and His Gos- baptism, in the selection of church pel. officers, and in the rules for church The other great factnr in the discipline.

building of the new Korea is the If these standards are not to be mis8iooory movement. This has lowered and are to be intelligent- meant the establishment of schools ly followed and understood, the and colleges, h 0 s pit a I sand church leaders must be carefully churches, the distribution of Bibles trained as teachers and overseers and Christian literature, work fnr of the flock. Today, few of the lepers and the farmers. The Agri- pastors are college graduates. They cultural Institute under Mr. Dex- are assisted by "helpers" who have ter N. Lutz, a Presbyterian mis- had Bible training and evangelistic sionary at Pyengyang, conducts an experience. There is great need experimental farm, carries on ex- for a better educated ministry and periments in soil improvement, for more of these Bible trained fertilizers and seeds, provides agri- "helpers." Ordained pastors are cultural courses for students, holds trained in the Presbyterian Sem- institutes for farmers, and trains inary in Pengyang and in the picked men to go out and conduct Methodist Seminary in Sea u I .

similar institutes in their own dis- Helpers, Bible women and church tricts. Since 80 per cent of the officers are trained in short-term population is engaged in tilling the institutes and in Bible schools.

soil, this work is of far-reaching In the winter of 1911, Dr. Ar- importance. Indirectly, it is vitally thur T. Pierson visited Korea and related to the growth of a strong, was deeply impressed with the self-supporting, independent, mis- apostolic character of the work sionary Church. and the opportunity before the Perhaps the most characteristic Church. Conferences with mis- feature of the Korean Christianity sinnaries led him to desire earnest- has been its devotion to the Bible ly to help strengthen the Bible and whole hearted acceptance of training among people that were its teachings as the divinely given eager for it. Soon after he returned rule of faith and life. In every to America, he was called Home, Mission field, power and perma- but his family and friends united nence in. Christian life have been to carry out his purpose by estab- in proportion to such acceptance lishing the Pierson Memorial Bible

School in Seoul, the capital. This several traveled on foot to various school is based on Jesus Christ as parts of the country to do evanthe Son of God and Saviour of gelistic work. men, and the Bible as the inspired Word of God. The School has now As we studied the needs of the been in operation for over fifteen Korean Church for more trained years. In it are cooperating the Bible leaders, and learned of the Nor the r n Presbyterians, the opportunities for preaching the Northern and Southern Methodists Gospel, saw the earnestness of the and the Canadian Presbyterians Koreans in Bible study and the (now, United Church of Canada). eagerness of these young men to The Principal of the School is the prepare for Christian service, we Rev. Wallace J. Anderson, a Pres- were deeply convinced of the imbyterian missionary, and at the portant place that such a Bible time of our visit there were forty- school can fill in the program of three students. Eleven were grad- Christ, as a "School of the Prophuated last year, of whom three ets" in Korea. were Methodists and eleven Presbyterians. They came from eight It is not the purpose of this of the thirteen provinces and all Bible school, or that at Taiku, to planned to enter Christian service. fill the place of a theological semi- Two are now in the Theological nary. This need is at present sup- Seminary in Pyengyang, and their plied in Seoul by the Methodists and in Pyengyang by the Presbyconsecration and ability are highly terians. It is more in line with commended by the faculty. some Bible institutes in America and is designed; We were greatly impressed with the earnestness and high purpose 1. To train unordained church of the pupils of this Bible School. workers. Many are of high calibre as men and as Christians. Some had trav- 2. To give special Bible instructiQn eled long distances on foot, one and practical experience to students hundred miles or more, to attend not ready to enter the seminary. the School. Tl1ey could not afford the price of even a third-class rail- 3. To conduct short term classes way ticket. Most of them were and institutes for men and women of living on a minimum allowance for the Seoul Station. food and clothing, with none of the comforts–much less the lux- 4. To provide classes for laymen in uries–enjoyed by seminary and church leadership. Bible institute students in America. Yet they were cheerful and 5. To offer night classes for Sununcomplaining and were happy to day"school teachers and others. walk several miles to save carfare that had been given them, in order 6. To give practical courses in perto put the money in a fund for sonal evangelistic work. summer evangelism. Practically all of the students spend a part of 7. To offer musical instruction for their time in evangelistic work, choruses and leaders of church music. Bible teaching and preaching in This is a large program which the SeOUl district. Last summer is not now covered by any school in Korea. To carry it out will re- quire increased support from America and from Korea. The Church on the field is having a hard struggle to maintain its standard of self-support and pov- erty makes it impossihle for stu-

BUILDING A NEW KOREA

dents to meet the full cost of tui- training schools will be a great loss tion and board. None of the Chris- to the Church. tian colleges, seminaries or Bible institutes even in America are self- "T h i r d, the sympathy and supporting-much less can we ex- prayers of the Christians in Amerpect th~s today in Korea. The need ica." is vital and the opportunity is great. If the challenge is accepted, To the question "How can Chris- American Christians who believe tians at home be of greatest help to Christians in Korea?" some pas- tors in Taiku replied: THE FACULTY AND STUDENTS OF PIERSON MEMORIAL BIBLE SCHOOL, SEOUL Mr. Anderson, principal; is seated next to the ('dltor in the secolld row and Mrs. Anderson to t11e Jeft of Mrs. Pierson in evangelical biblical training for 1. "By considering Koreans as the Koreans must accept it and truly brothers and sisters in Christ provide additional support. and by giving brotherly help in this time of need. To the question: "What is the greatest need in Korea today?" the . 2. "By 'sending more mission- Christian laymen in Pyengyang aries, filled with the love of Christ answered: and faith in the word of God, to help train our church leaders. "First, fair and impartial treatnwnt; an opportunity to' earn an 3. "By prayerful andsympahonest living and to live an honest thetic support of our efforts to life. build up the Church of Christ in Korea." "Second, Christian education. For this, Koreans need contimted Will you accept this challenge help. Any decrease in the number and help to carry out this proof Christian schools or in the sup- gram? It is a program for building port of Christian colleges and aNew Chrisitan Korea.

3

THE CHURCH OFFERS MEN*

A Message to the People of the United States from One Hundred American Clergymen T HE Church of Jesus Christ offers to men an authentic message concerning God which leads to the secret of all worth-while living. It recognizes the universal human hunger for God, and the possibility of communion with Him. It reveals God as a living, Personal Force. It offers a partnership with God. . . .

The Church offers acquaintanceship with the great men of the past. In the lives of prophets and heroes and in the life of Jesus Christ, the Church holds up the ideals by which character and achievement may be measured. In the call to help build the Kingdom of God on earth, the· Church presents the purpose which gives deeper meaning to everything men do. It releases through human lives the transforming power of God. It gives men a long view of life. . . .

The Church offers a fellowship with the great host of believers throughout the world. It gives an opportunity to work with other men fo,r the cultivation of the spiritual life and for increasing the stock of goodness in the world. It offers membership in an organization which thinks in terms of world relations. It is the oldest and most honorable institution in existence. . . .

The Church offers a comradeship of worshippers. While it urges private devotion, it brings men together so that they may receive the inspiration which comes from united worship; and to this end it provides a vast storehouse of aids so that men may "practice the presence of God." This comradeship is the greatest brotherhood in existence. . .

The Church offers to men the most inspiring task in the world. It gives them a view of life which lifts them out of themselves and relates them to vast purposes. It has a world-wide program of social adjustment, sanctioned and empowered by religion. It offers modern men a fighting chance in the great struggle to improve the conditions of life here on earth. It asks men to devote their best talents, their keenest wisdom, and their highest genius in helping tOo make this world what it ought to be. . . .

The Church offers comradeship with Jesus Christ in all the affairs of life. It gives men a clear understanding of the mind of Christ. It is through Him that we come to know God. The steady discipline of intimate friendship with Jesus Christ results in men becoming like Him.

The Church offers to men a solution of the problem of sin. It gives comfort and strength when trials come and sorrows weigh upon the heart, an enlargement of life's meaning, guidance in life's endeavors, and an assurance of life's outcome. It offers a message of courage and hope, the gift of wisdom in times of pe:r,;plexity, the assura nce of perfect peace, emancipation from ignorance through the truth which makes all men free, and the power of eternal life.

• From the HFact Book" of the Home lfissions CongreHS, Wnshington, D. C.

34

SUPPORT HOME MISSIONS*

BY THE REV. JAY S. STOWELL, Philadelphia, Pa.

CHANGES in social and indus- fortunate result is the building up trial realms, changes in pub- in the minds of church constitulic thinking, changes in the encies of a thoroughly misleading home missionary program itself, idea of what the home missionary and the startling fact of an annual program is, with a consequent decline in missionary receipts in tendency to defeat the program it- an era of unprecedented national self. The sympathy motive is a prosperity and actual increase in dangerous motive to rely upon.

giving along certain other lines, are !FEAR-Another motive which factors in a situation which makes has been used is fear. We have it well-nigh mandatory for us to stated deliberately that unless we examine the motives undergirding Christianize certain groups they the home missionary enterprise would paganize us. There has and to consider those conditions in been and still is considerable truth the churches which help or hinder in such a statement and the appeal home missionary support. is an effective one. For example, SYMPATHY-The appeal to sym- can organized society continue to pathy is one which quickly brings exist in our great cities and will a response and that appeal has life or property be safe if we conbeen used widely. Few things tinue to raise up generations of have done more to stir the heart youth to become gangmen and gun- and reach the pocketbooks of men with thoroughly antisocial atchurch members than photographic titudes when adequate church pro- or verbal pictures of mountaineer grams might have built entirely log cabins, Negro shacks and con- different conceptions into the lives gested city tenements. Human erf the same individuals? The fear nature responds quickly to such motive is probably an unfortunate presentations. There is reason to motive to use when it refers to par- believe, however, that the sym- ticular racial or national groups pathyappeal has nearly served its since it does a marked injustice to day in home missions. To be sure, the members of that group who there are still plenty of poor peo- are taking their place in the com- ple in America but the proportion munity as purposeful and useful is much smaller than in the past Christians, and it creates wI-o·ng and to continue this appeal tends attitudes even toward less worthy to break down the self-respect of members of such groups. How- the people who might be included ever, it is well for our supporting in such groups or to prejudice constituencies to face frankly and them against the Church itself frequently the possible results of since they come to feel that they living in communities or in a na- are being exploited foro publicity tion where the work now done by purposes rather than assisted from national home-missionary agencies Christian motives. An equally un- is neglected.

*' From the Report ()f n committee of the SELF-INTEREST – Missions have Nntinnul Home Missions Congress. sometimes been promoted on the 35

assurance that the Christian re- of religion into the life of the ligion promotes community and young people of the nation. Much national well-being; it tends to in- of the appeal of the Near East pro- crease a person's wants, to build gram, which kept the attention of up reliability of character, to pro- American people for years, grew mote interest in community enter- out, not merely of the fact of hu- prises, and in general to make life man hunger, but of the fact that easier and more prosperous. Just the people who were hungry were as it is an advantage for an indi- boys and girls. Surely there is no vidual to purchase a home in a more legitimate appeal and pos- community supplied with churches, sibly no more effective appeal for so it is an advantage to live in a the promotion of home-missionary nation where other communities interest than the things which the are supplied with churches. This home-missionary enterprise has motive is not the most compelling. done, is doing, and ought to do for CHRISTIAN DUTy-It is quite boys and girls.

clear that Christ had a program of SOCIAL AND INDIVIDUAL SALVA- expansion for His followers and TION-The main motive on which that He sent His disciples out to the home missionary enterprise carryon this work of expansion. must depend is the abounding con- He had some very decided ideas fidence that only in Jesus Christ about the outreach of His kingdom can the individual and society es- and issued urgent exhortations to cape sin and degradation and find His followers for carrying on His complete fulfillment of life. In work. To many loyal Christians other words, the home missionary the conviction that the missionary enterprise is based upon a pro- enterprise is a continuation of the found conviction of the worth- program launched by Jesus him- whileness of the Christian religion self is sufficient warrant for their in the life of the individual and the participation in it. nation and of the effectiveness of LOVE OF CHILDREN-One of the the Christian Church as the media- most effective appeals which the tor of Jesus Christ and His re- home-missionary enterprise has to- ligion to the lives of men.

day is the challenge of the boys and THE CHALLENGE-To those of girls of America. An amazing us who believe that Jesus Christ, amount of home missionary work the founder and exponent of Chris- is actually done with boys and girls tianity, is man's chief need, that and the volume of such work is fullness of life can be found only steadily increasing. Almost every in Him, and that personal morality home missionary enterprise has its and social righteousness must find Sunday school or its classes, its its basis in the- religion which He clubs, its week-day religious in- taught, there can be no more in- struction, its daily vacation church spiring task than that of going out school, and other related activities. to enlist the wealth of the nation Much of the money which goes into and the rising flood of young life home missionary churches is for in the challenging task of making equipment to serve boys and girls available to all the communities of and there is no reason why the America the Christian privileges missionary enterprise cannot cap- which some communities now en- italize this appeal for the building joy.

RELIGION STOP WAR?*

BY DR. HENRY A. ATKINSON Secretary of the World Oon!crence !or International Peace ThrQugh ReUyian T HE eleven great religious religions and religious groupings systems – Christian, Jewish, of mankind. A World Conference Moslem, Buddhist, Confucian- is to be held. The purpose as ist, Shintoist, Taoist, Hindu, Zoras- agreed upon at the conference of trian, Sikh, and Jain-are organiz- 1928 states: ing themselves for a joint endeavor Purposes of Conference to establish world peace and outlaw war. Quietly under way since Peace is one of the loftiest positive 1924, the effort will reach the full aims of united human endeavor. Spirestate of a world movement in itual in its very nature and implicit 1932 when these faiths, and many in the teachings of all religions, it of the minor religions, will convene was this aim which inspired the in a World Conference for Interna- Church Peace Union to set on foot the tional Peace through Religion. movement that has now taken form in a resolve to hold a World Conference Can the reliirions of the world of all religions. Of this Conference prevent war? They have been used the sole purpose will be to rouse and to direct the religious impulses of huto make war, and certainly no one manity against war in a constructive who knows history or keeps up world-wide effort to achieve peace. with current events can dispute the statement that to seek to pre- The World Conference designs neivent war is one of the noblest en- ther to set up a formal league of reterprises into which the religious ligions, nor to compare the relative leadership of the world can enter. values of faith, nor to espouse any It seems a wild dream to try to political, ecclesiastical, or theological or social system. Its specific objects bring together the religious lead- will be: ers for such a purpose; but when, 1. To state the highest teachings in September, 1928, there came to of each religion on peace and the Geneva from the ends of the earth causes of war.

some 200 delegates representing 2. To record the efforts of religious the eleven major religions of hu- bodies in furtherance of peace. manity and five or six of the smaller religious groups, thousands of 3. To devise means by which men people began to say, "Perhaps this of all religious faiths may work tothing can be done after all." A gether to remove existing obstacles to program of action was agreed upon peace; to stimulate international coand efforts set on foot to form a operation for peace and the triumph World Committee of a thousand of right; to secure international jus- tice, to increase goodwill, and thus to bring about in all the world a fuller persons drawn from the various realization of the brotherhood of men.

4. To seek opportunities for con- "The Conference referred to in this I1rticle certed action among the adherents of Is not a conference of religions or on religion. all religions against the spirit of vio- It will not jnvolve comparisons or imply lence and the things that make for equality. No religion w!11 be officially repre- strife_ sented or be reapoDsiblf!: for anything that is said or done. It is not a conference of or for Per-suaded that this high purpose religion at all, but a conference for protest will move devoted hearts and minds against war and the adl"ocacy of international peace by individual men and women of all re~ ligious faiths.-A. J. B.

87

everywhere, the preliminary gathering Wadia; in China, Dr. Hu Shih and at Geneva has app'Ointed a c'Ommittee Dr. Chen Huan Chang; in Japan, t'O prepare f'Or the W'Orld C'Onference, Prof. Tomoeda and Dr. Anesaki, S'O that w'Orld-wide coordination 'Of re- and hundreds of others equally ligi'Ous endeav'Or may help t'Owards the well known. All have agreed to take full establishment 'Of peace among a place on the Committee and are men. working for this great purpose.

Four International Commissions If you ask the average man this have been set up: one to make a question: "Can religion prevent study of the influences in the world war?" he will say, "No." He that make for war, the second to knows religions better by their opmake a complete survey of the position than by their constructive spiritual resources of mankind agreements. To him religion is with which these influences can be a fighting force–Catholic and met, the third to make a survey of Protestant, Jew and Arab, Hindu the efforts now being made by the and Moslem, Lutheran and Calvinvarious religious agencies and their ist, Methodist and Baptist. These adherents throughout the world to very names signify opposing further interracial and interna- forces. How can you bring the tional understanding and peace, broken fragments of a fighting and the fourth to formulate a pro- army into a well-ordered regimentgram by which the spiritual re- ed movement for peace? sources of mankind can be set in motion, coordinated, and directed Religion's Warlike Past to bear upon the causes of war. The historian will agree with the Leaders 'Of M'Ovement average man in saying that religion cannot prevent war. Wars in the Men eminent in the field of eco- past have been largely fought nomics, education, science, sociol- either for religion or by the aid of ogy, literature, art, and religion religion. From the earliest time have accepted places as members man built his altar over against the of these Commissions. When the altar of his neighbor. Religion alreports are completed they will be ways has been a divisive factor in published and distributed, and be- human affairs. It is well known come the basis of discussion when that the troubles in Ireland were the World Conference meets. aggravated by the religion of the people. The same is true in India The Conference calls for a joint where every person has some kind presidency of six, of whom five of religion and everything is conhave already been appointed-Dr. nected in some way with religion; S. Parkes Cadman of the United where every act of life must con- States, Dr. Albert Einstein of Ger- form to some religious ceremony, many, Dr. Rabindranath Tagore custom or prejudice. The 320,000,- of India, Baron Saketani of Japan, 000 people in India represent not and the Lord Bishop of Liverpool, so many individuals but various England. Among the Vice-Presi- communities determined by their dents are leaders widely known religious beliefs and affiliations. from all the nations and all religious faiths: in India, Mahatma By its very definition religion Gandhi, Dr. Ansari, Prof. Rad- binds man back to his God, but in hakrishna, Teja Singh, and Prof. its activities it seems to divide him

CAN RELIGION STOP WAR?

from his fellow men. The Father- commercial advantages. Behind hood of God is a doctrine much the forcible conversion to Chriseasier to accept as an article of tianity of the nations and the faith than the universal brother- sword of the conquerors, was the hood of man, if one is to judge by grim figure of the Emperor who, practical results. Religion has al- through his priests, baptised in ways identified itself with race and the name of the Father, Son, and national aspirations. Every war the Holy Ghost and took over new that was every fought has had the lands in the name of the Imperial active support of religion and Crown. The cross erected over the many wars may be considered newly built church matched the purely religious. This is what the flag of the conqueror proudly flyhistorian will tell you. ing over the newly built garrison.

Few Purely Religious Wars The clash between Jew and Arab in Palestine and the recent de- However, in spite of common ex- plorable riots and savage slaughter perience and historical evidence, I are not the result of religious conam sure that a deeper study of his- troversy or rivalry. There is no tory will convince anyone that quarrel between the Arab and the there have been few purely reli- Jewish citizen. Zionism is not ingious wars; that is, wars fought terested in maintaining the synasolely for religion and in the in- gogue over against the mosque; in terests of religion. The Moslem fact, many of the Zionist colonies armies went out ostensibly to con- have no synagogue. The Wailing vert the Christian world to the Wall is merely incidental. The Moslem faith, but behind that clash is between a conquering movement was the desire and the minority gradually becoming domidetermination to build up a great nant and a static majority that world empire. It was national ag- feels its helplessness in Palestine gression using religious enthusi- and its kinship to the larger quesasm. The Crusades, pictured as a tion involved in a pan-Arab state. religious enterprise, was the Holy The interests of Arabia, Egypt, War par excellence. Christian na- Syria, Transylvania, and Iraq are tions joined forces to rescue the being fought out in Palestine. Holy Sepulchre from the hands of the Saracens. But behind this re- Religion Affects All Human Life ligious motive was a deeper onethe greed of the West and the belief The religions of the world reprethat a pathway could be opened up sent the one interest most nearly between its capitals and the great universal that affects human life. centers of wealth in the Far East. There are many forms of worship and practice, for no tribe has ever It was this restless movement been found, even in the most rethat lay at the beginning of the mote parts of the world, without Renaissance and was behind the some religious faith. Religion is great explorers. It was this that one of the most powerful influences sent adventurers out to the ends of upon people and one of the most the earth, and it was this same far reaching, for it penetrates to spirit that discovered America- every action of the individual. Can religion utilized for trade and gov- these religions be organized into ernmental enterprises as well as an effective instrument to fight

against those things that make for peace. Either the eleven living remisunderstanding and discord and ligions can cooperate to put an end cooperate in developing a sense to war, or else war will put an end of spiritual oneness, a world-wide to modern governments and the friendship that will make effective religions that now dominate huevery plan and effort toward the manity will be cast aside as the establishment of a warless world? useless appendages of an outgrown The Paris Peace Pact has by de- past. cree outlawed war. It now remains to be outlawed in fact. Legal pro- Can Religion Stop War? hibitions never accomplish more than the people are willing that This question was recently adthey should accomplish. dressed to the editor. He replied: War will not be outlawed until Yes, if it is the right kind of religion the men and women of all nations and if its followers truly understand it see to it that it is outlawed. The and intelligently apply it. One of the god of war is too strongly en- most hopeful signs of the times is the trenched to be driven from his fort- growing conviction that war and Christ ress by harsh words, nor will the are utterly incompatible. Briand-Kellogg Pact and the other instruments of peace, by making But the answer to the question cannot faces at him, give him any uneasi- stop here. How can religion stop war? ness. Just as long as diplomacy What method shall it adopt? At this follows the old lines of intrigue point there is wide difference of opinion. and self-interest and depends upon We need to realize more adequately that force to make right its demands, the elimination of war is a by product. whether they be just or not, wars Something else must be secured first, will continue. Until there is a and then the desired result will logically new spirit born in the hearts of and naturally follow. That something people and the spirit of peace else is the spirit of human brotherhood, an international friendship which will itself felt in the official govern- dispel the fears and suspicions and mental circles, the nations will con- prejudices and misunderstandings and tinue to arm and by their display hatreds from which wars spring. of force provoke the wars which they will then be compelled to fight. It is the specific function of religion The creation of such a spirit is a to create this spirit. Laws and treaties, real religious task. Never once up the World Court and the League of Nato the present has an effort been tions are indispensable to give effect to made to bring together the re- it. Religious men and women in .their ligions of the world to mould them capacity as citizens should support these into a weapon against war itself. agencies. But the special field in which religion should operate is not the ante- Religion can abolish war. The chambers of politicians but the pulpit, religions of the world can make the the platform, the press, and the consigning of the Briand-Kellogg Pact ference round table. Nations whose peo- ples respect and trust one another will the most significant event that has settle their differences by peaceful means. ever transpired in the history of But there will be no end to wars until the law of love supersedes the law of mankind. the jungle. Treaties cannot create that If the religious instincts of hu- love. They can only register its dic- tates after religion has created it. manity can be mobilized for war, surely they can be organized for A. J. B.

A PRAYER Lord God, of might inconceivable, of glory incomprehensible, of mercy im- measurable, of benignity ineffable, do Thou, 0 Master, look down upon us in Thy tender love, and show forth towards us and those who pray with us, Thy rich mercies and compassions.-St. Chrysos- tom.

STATESMEN MEET

WASHINGTON An Editorial Review of the Recent Home Missions Congress of North America T HE magnitude, importance general Home Missions Congress, and problems of the Home gathering together representatives Missions' task has never been of the whole Protestant Church and set forth so fully and so forcefully studying the task in its entirety. as at the Home Missions Congress It was not a popular gathering to which met in Calvary Baptist reach the uninterested but was a church, Washington, D. C., during deliberative conference of workers the first five days of December. It to study the situation-its needs, was important in its numbers and its faults, its methods and its rerepresentation. The. eight hun- sponsibilities. Some day soon dred or more delegates represented there should be a more popular twenty-eight Protestant bodies and more widely representative that include in their membership gathering to present home mistwo thirds of the Protestant Chris- sions in a way to compel attention tians of the United States and and enlist more general coopera- Canada. . The officers were Dr. tion-as was done for foreign mis- Charles L. White, President; Mrs. sians by the Ecumenical Confer- Orrin R. Judd and Rev. Walter L. ence in New York in 1900. Lingle, Vice-Presidents; Dr. Wil- The Congress was important, liam R. King, Executive Secretary, and should be epoch-making, beand Rev. Herman N. Morse, Coun- cause of the care and completeness selor. Leading home missionaries that marked the preparation and and executives, active pastors, lay- free, frank and factual discussions. men and women constituted the The Data Book, prepared in admembership of the Conference. vance, is a masterpiece in the clear- The Congress was held and the ness with which it sets forth the plans were made under the auspi- main facts and features of the ces of the Home Missions Council, home mission task. The Congress the Council of Women for Home was divided daily into groups for Missions, and the Federal Council the careful discussion of the subof Churches of Christ in America. divisions of the work-(l) scope, The chief lack noticeable was in :ftnances, equipment and administhe absence of any number of rep- tration; (2) promotion objectives, resentatives of young people who methods and means; (3) comity should be interested and trained and cooperation – its principles, for the task before the Church. failures and progress; (4) person- The Congress was important be- nel and recruiting, with the enlistcause of its uniqueness and pur- ment and training of workers; pose. The foreign mission enter- (5) the city and new Americansprise has had numerous great and their special problems and the inclusive gatherings – Liverpool, solution; (6) the town and coun- London, New York, Edinburgh, try, with suburban and rural Jerusalem-but this was the first churches, Southern Mountaineers 41

and their needs; (7) the American Council, in the clarion call-uNo Indians, their present and future; community neglected, no mission- (8) the Jews in America and how ary work duplicated, no mission- to win them to Christ; (9) the ary funds wasted; all studying the West Indies-Porto Rico, Cuba, work of each, each working for the Haiti, Dominican Republic and the success of all; progress by reci- Virgin Islands; (10) the Negroes procity; spiritual conquest through in America and the problem of Christian cooperation."

race-relations; (1:1) Spa n ish The findings of the Congress, as Americans, Asiatics and migrant reported and discussed in the last groups; (12) the Mormons today session, represent the best thought and what should be done for them; of the best minds engaged in the (13) Alaska and its missions. task of giving Christ and His Gos- Each of these topics was discussed pel to Americans. This document in separate group meetings led by may well form the basis for futUre those who have had experience plans and policies. If the facts and are leaders in their respective presented are accepted and the fields. Each group presented their program recommended is carried conclusions in "Findings" which out by all the Home Mission agen- may well be' taken as an inspiring cies, a new era will dawn for guide for future endeavors. America and for the world. Is it The Congress was remarkable too much to hope? It is not too for its spirit, definite purpose and much to attempt in the name and emphasis. Three things stood out spirit of Christ and in the Power clearly in practically every discus- of God.

sion-not only in general meetings EXTRACTS FROM THE FINDINGS guided by the officers, but in each For a century the church in sub-group. First, the prime im- America labored under the convicportance of presenting Christ and tion that it must expand and press His Gospel to every American and the hopelessness of any other on. If that sense of imperative Power for the saving of America; need has been lost we must recresecond, the need for closer, mote ate it in the Church.

perfect cooperation among all I. DEFINITION-The home mis- Christian forces in working with- sion task of the Church may be deout rivalry or waste of men and fined as the effort, in the spirit of money in every field and enter- Christ and in fulfilment of His prise; third, the need for fuller great commission, to win to Chrisconsecration of men and means~ tian discipleship the people of and more loyal and complete obedi- North America and to Christianize ence to Christ as the great Head of the life of our nations.

the Church. The emphasis on these More specifically, we conceive points was in itself a great encour- that the task of Home Missions in- agement and was helped forward cludes these objectives: by the daily devotional services led 1. To win men and women to by Dr. Henry C. Swearingen. discipleship of Jesus Christ, to The keynote of advance was unite them with other disciples in sounded at the opening service by the fellowship of the Christian Dr. Charles L. White, retiring Church, and to educate them for president of the Home Missions worship and service at home and

CHRISTIAN STATESMEN MEET IN WASHINGTON

abroad by helping them to discover ation and unity will be an empty and to accept for themselves and gain unless He vitalizes it.

for society at large the full conse- How shall this deeper experience quences of Christian discipleship. be attained? Just as the early dis- 2. To make the church available ciples attained it. They followed to those sections of America which Him. They learned from Him.

lack its ministry. " Their lives were a daily experi- 3. To supply adequate church mentation in His way of living. . .

leadership where the work of the In like manner we shall find that present church is unsuccessful or He saves us from disillusionment inadequate. and despair by giving us His own 4. In the case of handicapped or radiance and we, too, will dare to retarded areas or underprivileged take Him into every problem and groups, to assist -in providing those need that lies athwart the nations.

institutions and services which are III. GENERAL CONSlDERATIONS- the necessary elements of a Chris- The romance of Home Missions tian standard of living to the end should not be obscured and the self- that the Christian community life effacing spirit of the home mission- may be developed. ary and the dignity of his work 5. To bring the Christian im- should not remain unrecognized or pulse to bear upon the broad social unappreciated. Home m iss ion and civic "questions of our day. work today as in all the years that II. MESSAGE-Nineteen hundred have passed, demands qualities of years ago a band of men went out courage, patience and self-sacrifice and transformed the world under comparable to those exemplified in the conviction that "Neither is any other phases of Christian serv- there salvation in any other for ice.

there is none other name under The mission school has been de- heaven given among men whereby veloped to meet a particular need we must be saved." This convic- in . areas where adequate educa~ tion was born out of a great per- tional facilities were not available.

sonal experience. Christ had made . . . It is the intention of home their lives pageants of triumph in missions to supplement rather than Him. . . . to substitute for the responsibilities The conviction that Christ is suf- of the State in education.

ficient for meeting the problems of A similar criterion is involved in collective life in North America the valuation of institutions like must likewise come from a great the hospital and the community personal experience of Him. . . . house.

If He means enough to a sufficient The development of the church number of men and women in and of other agencies of religious North America, the entire life of nurture is a basic concern of home our nations can be changed and the missions.

problems that seem too overwhelm- In dealing with racial groups of ing can be solved. alien origin, while we would recog- Throughout this Congress there nize the importance of every effort has been manifest a deep yearning to bring such groups into accord for Christ and a feeling that in with the spirit of American insti- very truth we are thrown back tutions and traditions, we believe wholly on Him. . . . Even cooper- it to be the primary purpose of

home missions to bring these cial and racial relations. We urge groups into the discipleship of upon the churches their Christian Christ and the fellowship of the responsibility in this connection.

Christian Church. Church people should be as Chris- With respect to work in purely tian as they expect their mission- missionary fields there seems to be aries to be.

a need for frequent reevaluation We recommend that specially of such efforts. It should not be chosen missionaries be released by assumed that work once begun their boards to impart information must always be maintained. and awaken interest in home mis- The responsibility of a board sions among student groups.

for the support of a mission church Christian missionaries, in order is not fulfilled merely by extending to be leaders, should in general to it financial assistance. The fa- have at least a college education as cilities of the board should be avail- well as outstanding spiritual and able in frequent conference and personal character.

through other channels to foster in We recommend that the two each aided church a full-orbed life Home Missions Councils appoint a so as to bri;ng it to assume full re- standing committee on Personnel sponsibility in the general pro- to consider the salaries, conditions gram of the Church. of work, personnel management We believe that the National and recruiting for home mission- Home Missions Councils should aries.

establish relations of cooperation We recommend that the policy and counsel with national bodies already in practice by some boards operating in the field of religious of commissioning workers for a education. special service be more widely Home Missions has an inescap- adopted.

able responsibility in relation to V. THE CITY AND NEW AMERI- the application of Christianity to CANs-The city takes an increas- current life problems. The excep- ingly dominant place in American· tional difficulties under which life. The city as never before many of our fields are laboring in places its stamp on the life and this year of business depression thought of the nation.

accentuates the responsibility in The city is essentially a home the field of economic well-being. mission problem. With its polyglot Home Mission Boards should take populations it calls for a ministry the leadership in summoning all to varied racial groups. It has Christian people to shape the eco- great numbers of under-privileged nomic structure of American life who cannot out of their own re- in accordance with true Christian sources provide adequate religious ideals. facilities for themselves. It is the IV. PERSONNEL AND RECRUIT- center of an industrial life that ING-The successful enlisting of challenges Christianity. The sub- missionaries who are personally, urbs as a group constitute a vast spiritually and technically fitted for missionary field.

specific tasks of increasing diffi- The city is remaking human na- culty depends in large measure ture. The breakdown or weaken- upon the Christian attitude of ing of the old social bonds-in the church members on industrial, so- family group, the neighborhood

CHRISTIAN STATESMEN MEET IN WASHINGTON

group, and the racial group-tends known to all the people of North to social disintegration. The shift- America to the end that they may ing of trade groups, population become His followers and that His groups, and population centers on spirit and principles may be made the one hand, and the daily ebb and operative in every sphere and de- flow of the city's life on the other, partment of our human life and make for the adventurous charac- relationships.

ter of individual life … The fundamental appeal of home We urge that the denominational missions is the same today as it city societies of a given city be was one hundred years ago, that brought into closer working rela- is the winning of men and women tions with each other and with the to Jesus Christ and His Way of life, city Federation of Churches. but the methods by which this ap- To equalize religious privilege peal is made must change with changing conditions. The knowlwithin cities marked by such reli- edge that Home Mission Agencies gious destitution and crossed by are adjusting themselves to these such contrasts, requires that the changing conditions will bring conconception of home missions, in its local application to city mis- fidence in the minds of the constitsions, be deemed to comprehend uency.

the full task of the whole church. Some of the factors that enter The Restriction Law has largely into the new approach in home changed the immigrant situation in missions are ever new national the United States. It should be problems and consequent responsiremembered, however, that over bility; the growing complexity ten million people of foreign birth and intensity of the struggle for have made this country their per- life; the enlargement of the intelmanent home and are becoming lectual horizon of greater numbers more and more an integral and of people; and a vast spiritual unformative part of its political, so- rest.

cial and industrial life. Home mis- At the heart of any plan for de- sionary efforts among these people veloping missionary-mindedness in should be continued: Our foreign a local church, we would place a language churches are in a period thoroughly 0 r g ani zed church of transition and deserve the in- school of missions.

creased sympathy and loyalty of Since the pastors are our chief home mission agencies. fellow-workers, we suggest that Recognition is made of an in- Boards endeavor to keep in close creasing number of church projects and sympathetic touch with these supported and maintained jointly by various denominations. They men. We urge the value of passtand as a visible and tangible tes- tors' conferences in which, in a timony of a cooperative purpose spirit of real partnership repreon the part of the Christian Church sentatives of the boards, shall that goes the full length. study with the pastors the why and the how of missionary proce- XV. PROMOTION – Home mis- dures and administrative policies, sionary promotion signifies the and the methods of promotion.

means and the methods which may We urge our theological seminaries be used to advance our common to prepare candidates for the min- purpose to make Jesus Christ istry in the technique and under-

standing of our home missionary XVI. COMITY AND COOPERATION needs and motives. -We approve the purport and On account of the constant criti- method contained in the comity cism of home missionary agencies principles applicable to English- for expending money in so-called speaking Work in the Town and competitive fields and the conse- Country Field, as published in the quent loss in contributions, we Data Book, which have been previ- must express the judgment that, ously approved by the two Home from a promotional standpoint, the Missions Councils, the Cleveland Boards should immediately coop- Comity Conference, and various erate with the Home Missions Home Missions Boards. .

Council in pro'1iding information We approve the Detroit Find- that will silence or at least lessen ings of "The Church in the Chang- this criticism. ing City" (Data Book).

We believe that the Home Mis- We desire to call attention to sions Council will find itself as an communities having a population outcome of this Congress confront- of not less than 2,500 or more than ing a greatly enlarged opportunity 100,000, which are larger than the for leadership in the development town primarily associated with ru- of home mission sentiment and ac- ral territory but smaller than the tivity in the churches. And we large urban areas.

urge upon our respective denomi- Recognition is made of an in- nations such sympathetic response creasing number of church proj- to the plans of the Council as will ects supported and maintained make that leadership effective. jointly by various denominations.

Our study of the causes for the They stand as a visible and tan- apparent decreased interest in mis- gible testimony of a cooperative sions as evidenced by decreased purpose on the part of the Chris- contributions in very recent years tian Church that goes the full leads us to feel that while a num- length. The Home Missions Coun- ber of causes may be given, the cil should seek out such opportuni- fundamental cause is a weakened ties and promote participation.

conviction among our people of the Resolved, That in the making of eternal realities of our religion and church adjustments in communi- a correspondingly less desire to ties of 1,000 or less, the following share that religion with others. principles should be observed: What we need and what we be- (1) The primacy of the commu- lieve the Church at large needs is nity interests and the rights and a renewed and more vital conscious- affections of the smaller groups as ness of God; a sense that Jesus is well as of the larger.

Saviour and that there is none (2) That the church should be other either fnr the individual or so formed, and its affairs so con- for society, that without Him we ducted, that in all things local it can do nothing, that through Him will work towards a single church . we can do anything that needs to consciousness, while in its outside be done. We must strive to inter- affiliations it shall observe such pret these convictions of our Chris- missionary objectives and fellow- tian faith in life and in language ship interests as continue to enlist that will capture the attention and the affection of the membership.

allegiance of our fellow-Christians. (3) That it shall show sacred

CHRISTIAN STATESMEN MEET IN WASHINGTON

regard for the ceremonies, cus- the current Bulletins and reports toms, or sacrements through which of the Home Missions Council and the several groups have been wont given such wider publicity as the to express themselves, making suit- judgment of the Home Missions able arrangements for their con- Council may determine.

tinuance. The Home Missions Council hav- (4) That its affiliations shall be ing reviewed the past ten or twelve such, as, on the one hand, will not years of State Home Missions interfere with the development of Council history as given in reports a single church consciousness, and from representative men from all a new community ideal, and, on the states concerned, wishes hereby to other, will keep it in touch with put itself on record as heartily ap- the going order of Christendom proving the general trend and ad- and in harmony with those ideals vise such State Councils of and convictions which, through Churches and State Home Mis- the generations, have become con- sions Councils as have not had the tributions of world-wide value. desired success, that they study This Congress, representing offi- the work of neighboring State cial church boards, places itself on Councils in order to develop a more record as heartily approving inter- efficient instrument of cooperation.

denominational comity agreements We advise those states having no within individual States and for Councils of Churches to organize Nation as a whole, and urges the such bodies; if the way be not various denominations to prevent clear to organize a State Council the repetition of past experiences of Churches, we urge at least the in unnecessarily multiplying the organization of a State Home Mis- number of churches in communi- sions Council.

ties where one denomination is There are conspicuous examples satisfactorily serving the constitu- of cooperative success of various ency. types in the local community; an In order to make this policy increasing number of denomina- more effective, the Church Boards tional Boards are resolutely seek- be urged to set up within their re- ing to avoid all duplication of effort spective staff organizations a and to develop various lines of posi- Comity Committee to whom shall tive cooperative activity; and we be referred all cases where aid is have developed an imposing list of requested for a new church enter- functioning interdenominational prise in any community where an- organizations.

other evangelical church is main- On the other hand, statistical taining an organization, and to and research experts have declared study all competitive enterprises that too great a per cent of home now receiving aid. missionary money goes to fields of In all cases where the principles 1,000 population or less that have of comity, recognized by the Home more than one Protestant church Missions Council, are ignored by and that each of the denominations the representatives of any denomi- represented in the Home Missions nation, a full record of such cases Council participates in such dupli- be placed on file with the Home cation.

Missions Council with the under- We urge the Home Missions standing that they be reported in Council to check up with its con-

stituent boards the importance of local church groups for discussion making at once a careful analysis and action. of all their aided fields to determine to what extent these fields are The important consideration competitive. The results of these now in the development of comity studies should be reported to the and of the practice of cooperation Council for compilation and for is not organization, or technique, mutual study and conference of but is a question of attitude and the boards concerned. spirit. We do not underestimate the many real difficulties involved We are convinced that the time in the solution of these problems, has come to eliminate competition but we feel sure that no difficulties in home missions. Weare unequi- will prove serious enough, that no vocally opposed to the use of mis- obstacles will be sufficiently insursion funds for the maintenance of mountable to keep us from coopercompetitive enterprises. ation and unity when we all really want cooperation and unity. We urge that the Boards in cooperation with the Home Missions This conviction leads us to em- Council consider carefully what phasize as of fundamental importypes of service or specialized ac- tance the necessity of a wide scale tivity can best be done jointly and persistent campaign of educaeither mediately through the Home tion to be directed simultaneously Missions Council or directly at boards, field officials, church juthrough the cooperation of two or dicatories, both major and minor, more Boards. This consideration ministers and the rank and file of would include general services, as church people. church architecture, rural church promotion, etc., or mISSIOnary This campaign of education services for remote areas or dif- should proceed by emphasizing the ficult situations, etc. spiritual and practical advantages to be achieved through coopera- It is the conviction of this group tion and by emphasizing the need that the time has come and the op- to strengthen and extend the work portunity is at hand for passing of the church to the end that the from the "resolution stage" to the full purpose of Home Missions may "action stage" by an aggressive be accomplished. movement of concerted effort. To that end this group urges city and We commend every effort to state councils and local Home Mis- bring a divided Protestantism into sions Councils to project programs closer unity of thought as well as of adjustments as speedily as pos- into wider harmony of action. We sible; and recommends, where no therefore follow with prayerful such city or state councils exist, interest the efforts of several that the denominational Boards of closely related communions to ef- Home Missions set themselves the fect a closer union, and accept all task of discovering conditions that this as a token of the wider unity need adjustments and present the toward which this common Chrissame to a conference of the respon- tian experience and these united sible denominational officials and efforts clearly tend, all in fulfil- ment of the prayer of our Lord.

NOTE: The "Findings" adopted on Town and Country, Mountaineers, InAdlaiasnks~ Negroes, Jews, West Indies, Mexicans, Orientals, Migrants, Mormons and will appear in our February number.-EDITOR.

Of THE

The Outlook for 1931 but Egypt is the scene of frequent demonstrations by students and others No one can travel in non-Christian who are out of joint with the present lands with eyes, ears, mind and heart constitution. Japan reports an atat attention without being indelibly tempted assassination of the premier impressed, if not depressed, by the and student strikes. Korea is povertysorrows and suffering, the physical ,stricken and discouraged; China is and spiritual need, the helpless and harassed and torn by famine, bandits, hopeless condition of multitudes and pirates, revolution and anti-Christian by the apparently insurmountable dif- communists. India is a restless sea, ficulties that face representatives of disturbed by llQn-cooperation agita- Christ in all mission lands. And even tions, civil disobedience, strikes, and so-called Christian lands are not ex- warring tribesmen on the Northwest empt. Frontier. A desire for self-govern- ment _has made the people unmindful Was there "ever a more diflturbed, of the peace and security and oppordistracted and distressed world than tunity given under British control. that on which we look out today? We came back from our world tour realiz- Truly it is a restless world, a dising more than ever how general are turbed world, a hungry world. These the wars and rumors of wars, famines, are evidences that it is a living, and political earthquakes that are dis- breathing, sensitive, ambitious world. turbing the nations. North America is Men are conscious of a need for somesuffering from economic depression, thing better than they have. They unemployment, racketeers, bootleggers, know not what they need but are bandits, graft and bribery. Great reaching out to obtain if possible. But Britain is disturbed with strikes, un- this has always been true when men employment and a burden of }}Overty. have been aroused to a consciousness Australia faces bankruptcy and is of their god-given powers and their threatened with social revolution. In possible heritage. There have been Europe, we read of labor riots and lulls when men were exhausted or rumblings of revolution in Spain, and when nations were under the control political plots in Rumania and Italy of a dictator, but was there ever a and upheavals in Germany and Bul- time when warfare, murders, robbery, garia. Turkey haH had difficulties in political and social unrest, were not quelling a revolt of the Kurds; Pal- prevalent'! Were conditions any betestine is continually protesting; Rus- ter in the days of the Judges in Issia maintains a despotic government rael; or in the time of the Cresars, in and by wholesale executions ,seeks to the fir,st century of the Christian Era root out those who plot for the over- or in the Middle Ages'! The world throw of the Soviet dictators. conditions are better known today than ever before but they are not essential- Latin America has been harvesting ly worse. Education, financial prosa crop of strikes and revolutions-in perity, inventions, world-wide commu- Argentina, Brazil, Peru and Venezu- nication, peace agitathms and the ela; unrest in Bolivia, Uruguay and spread of democracy do not ,seem to Ecuador i Cuba is under military con- have insured stability, enlightened trol and Central America and Mexico government and brotherly kindness. are political volcanoes. What then is the way out?

Africa seems comparatively quiet 4 49

The Uplook for 1981- Islands of the Sea reveal this Power at work. They tell of lives being trans- As the late Dan Crawford of Africa formed in answer to prayer; of op- position overcome or nullified in once said, "The devil can hedge us in remarkable ways and of workers strengthened and encouraged by the but he cannot roof us in." There is a unseen Power. The outlook at the be- ginning of 1931 is not encouraging way out of failure, of turmoil, of dis- to those who look to human agencies couragement for those who will take for the solution of world problems and it. It is always the same way out. It the satisfaction of human needs. But is the way of God. All over the world the outlook is encouraging because of we found faithful men and women the up-look. The God who brought pointing out this way and walking ill Abraham out of idolatrous but prosit. They are not depending on a bet- perous Ur of the ChaIdeoo; who ter environment, or a more stable gov- brought Israel, the enslaved hordes, out ernment–though they desire these. of Egypt and made them a powerful They are not depending on secular ed- nation; the God who overcame politiucation, or better sanitation and medi- cal and religious opposition and estabcal care-though they seek to make lished the crucified Christ as the domthem available to all. They are not de- inant Power in Europe; who overcame pending on an increase in the number superstition and darkness of the Midof Christian adherents-though they dle Ages, is the same who can and will, work and pray for this. They are seek- in His own time, bring the nations of ing to lead men into a true spiritual the world to acknowledge His sway. But, as in the past, it will be, not by life thnmgh a full surrender to Jesus intellectual might, nor by an army, Christ. We have Been well-equipped but by His Spirit Working in the educational inlltitutions, hospitals, and hearts and lives of men. It is our deindustrial and other humanitarian en- sire in the pages of TIlE REVIEW to terprises that did not seem to bring show the need of men all over the world for spiritual life and the procmen and women nearer to God. We esses on which we must depend for have seen other work that was like a victory. There are remarkable evigrain of mustard seed in size but it dences of God's power at work in the showed the signs of spiritual vitality world today. and was bringing life out of death. We came back convinced more than Dr. Arthur J. Brown ever before that there is only one Message worth taking to men and women In taking up again his official reof all nations and tribes at home and sponsibilities, after the year's absence abroad-the message that God in from the office, the editor desires to Christ ill seeking to reconcile men to express his deep appreciation to Dr. Himself and that He has made that Arthur J. Brown, who has so devotedpossible through the life and death ly and efficiently carried on the ediand resurrection of Jesus Christ. In torial work during the year 1930. Dr. every land we saw evidences of the Brown brought to his delightful task power of God at work, that His is a his rich experience as pastor and mismiracle-working power and that He sionary secretary, his wide knowledge answers prayer. We came back con- of horne and foreign missions, his vinced that we may work in various abilities as author and speaker and his lines but that no work produces living extended contacts with workers at fruit that is not the work of the Spirit home and abroad. In TIlE REVIEW of God. It is the men and women who office, in his correspondence and in his know the reality of partnership with editorial work Dr. Brown won new God in prayer, in aims and in meth- friends and strengthened old ties. We ods, who are accomplishing things worth while in the transformation of men.

Letters from missionary friends with whom we stayed in Asia and the

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

regret that it is not possible to retain good weather and no air pockets I Al- his close editorial connection with THE together, we traveled over 40,000 REVIEW but he is now turning his at- miles; first by way of Madeira and tention to the important work of pre- Mediterranean ports to Egypt; then paring a hi,story of the first hundred to Baghdad and down through Iraq, years of the work of the Board of stopping at Hillah and ancient Baby- Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian lon, Ur of the Chaldees and Basrah.

Church, U. S. A.-a task that will oc- From there we sailed to India, stop- cupy two or three years. ping at Kerachi and landing at Bom- At a recent meeting of the Board bay. After ten weeks in that fascinat- of Directors of THE REVIEW, a resolu- ing, but disturbed and often depress- tion was passed expressing sincere ap- ing, country we went to Burma, the preciation of Dr. Brown's services, his Federated Malay States and Siam.

devotIon to the interests of THE RE- From Bangkok we sailed to Singapore, VIEW and the vision and skill that were went up to a conference at Kuala Lum- evident in his editorial management. pur and, returning to Singapore, took a steamer to Hongkong and Shanghai.

Ten Months at the Front Conditions in China were so unset- tled and our time was so limited that The privilege of ten months' visiting we were not able to go far into the the foreign mission fields is an experi- interior, but were able to visit Hongence that the Editor would like to kong, Canton, Shanghai, Soochow, share with every reader of THE RE- Nanking, Tsing Tau, Tientsin, Peiping VIEW. Only glimpses of what we saw can be given through these pages and and Mukden. Our three weeks in impressi'Ons can be passed on 'Only very China was, of course, far too short, inadequately. but the places and the people we saw made them worth while. The sad news We sailed from New York on De- of the sudden death of our very dear cember 2d, in a blizzard, and arrived friend and missionary partner, Rev.

home. on schedule time exactly ten Charles W. Abel, of Kwato, Papua, months later to a day, almost to an seemed to us a call of God to visit the hour. The whole experience now miss ron at Kwato, so that we might seems like a wonderful dream; but do what we could for the family and we are thankful that it is a reality; plan for the future of the work.

the photographs and memories that From Mukden, we traveled to Korea, we have brought back will not fade where we spent ten delightful days in away like a dream. We spent 130 days Pyengyang, Seoul and Taiku. From of our travel on the Seven Seas, be- Fusan we sailed to Shimonoseki, J a- sides many great gulfs and bays, and pan, and visited Kobe, Osaka, Kyoto, never had a bad storm during the Omi-Hachiman, Yokohama, T 0 k i 0 , whole journey. Generally we sailed Nikko and Nagasaki. From there, we over smooth waters and under clear sailed for Australia via Shanghai and skies. We traveled in all kinds and Hongkong, Manila and Davao in the sizes of boats, from the 21,OOO-ton Philippines; Menado in Dutch Cele- Empress of AustraHa, to small Chi- bes, and Thursday Island, Brisbane nese junks, sanpans in Siam, little and Sydney, Australia. From there, dugouts and outrigger canoes. Too we sailed to Samarai, Papua, to visit many of our 174 days on land were Kwato, Mr. Abel's mission station.

spent moving about in railway trains, After two wonderful weeks there, we good and bad, in bullock carts, tongas, returned to Australia by way of Port (pony carts), rickshas, sedan chairs Moresby, Cairns, Brisbane and Syd- and hammocks, on elephants and car- ney. On August 21 we left for home ried in men's arms. One day was spent by way of Auckland, New Zealand, in the air, traveling from Cairo to Fiji, and Honolulu. After six days Baghdad, a wonderful experience with in beautiful Hawaii, we sailed for San

Francisc.o, visited Los Angeles, the pan, and the disappointments experi- Grand Canyon, Wheaton, Illinois, enced by many missionaries. Mishawaka, Indiana, and Rochester, New York, arriving in New York on But these depressing c<mditions October 2 where we received a heart- acted n.ot to discourage, but to chalwarming welcome. lenge us, for what we saw and heard also showed that we have the remedy During our whole journey, experi- in our hands and that this remedy is encing many kinds of food, smells, being successfully applied in many temperature and insects, we were kept places and various ways. We were in wonderful health and were blessed thrilled and inspired by the misllionby many answers to prayer. We vis- aries whom we met who are true repited nearly one hundred mission cen- resentatives of Christ and who witness ters, and saw the work of over 40 to Him with courage, faith and unselsocieties. We were entertained in fish service. We were enheartened by seventy different missionary homes, what we saw of the results that follow made nearly one hundred addresses faithful and prayerful preaching of and received a most loving welcome the Gospel and living the Christ-life in everywhere. all those lands. Wernet many n.oble converts to Christ who are now going We have come back kopelessly in out as His evangelists and are helping debt-not on account of the fall .of to sow the good seed and to bring in stocks in the New York market or the harvest. We would be hopelessly other financial losses or expenditure. in debt if we had not this wealth of experience with which we are hoping We are in debt first to those who in some degree to make payments on helped to make this tour possible; account. second, to the loved ones in our families and the partners in THE MIS- Our journey around the world has, we hope, prepared us for better serv- SIONARY REVIEW office and on the ice at home. We have a clearer vision Boards wh.o carried on so effectively of the work and its needs, of the proband unselfishly during our absence. lems and the opportunities, of the We are also in debt to the host of character of our fell.ow servants in all friends who carried us in their hearts these lands, and of God's power t.o save and in their prayers and so were large- and to fit for service. It is our deepest ly responsible for many of the bless- conviction that Christ is THE ONLY ings that came to us. We are heavily HOPE for the solution of these probin debt to the missionaries who so gen- lems and for the rescue of these peoerously welcomed us into their homes ple from sin, suffering and turmoil. and hearts and made our visits worth We know that Christ is able to save while; we are more than ever in debt unto the uttermost for we have seen to God fur His protection, guidance the evidences of this power. We reand wonderful goodness to us all the joice in having partnership in this way. work with the missionaries and with Him. We would be ruined for life were it not that we also came back ricker than I know not by what methods rare, ever. The debts d.o not oppress but But this I know: God answers prayer. bless because of the rich experiences, I know not when He sends the word friendships and benefits that have That tells us fervent prayer is heard. I know it cometh, soon or late; filled our lives. Some of these experi- Theref()re we need to pray-and wait. ences were depressing because of the I know not if the blessing sought difficulties we saw, the ignorant or Will come in just the way I th.ought, bitter opposition to Christ and His I leave my prayers with Him alone, messengers; the blindness and hunger Whose will is wiser than my own.

and poverty, both physical and spiritual; the sin and suffering; the tur- moil, as in India and China, the materialism and indifference as in J a-

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN

EDITED BY FLORENCE G. TYLER, 419 Fourth Avenue, New York, and FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 East 22d Street, New York Executive Secretaries of the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions and Council of Women for Home Missions BOYS TOGETHER tains of southern California. Mr.

"How can we become more friendly Burnett wrote, "The camp trail wound with white people, and how can we around and around the high moun- make white people understand us tains, leaving the deserts and hot more 1" This searching question comes sands behind, and eventually coming from an American Indian school boy to large and tall pines, with flowing attending a large government board- mountain spring water. Needless to ing school. Government officia1,s, edu- say, our boy,s were at home in the cators and 'missionaries all agree that high mountains, among the rocks and the Indian people must more and more tall lonesome pines.

be brought into contact with white "Shortly after arrival, we had put people who are sympathetic with them, up our tepees, arranged pine bough in order that the Indians may become beds, our belongings were unpacked, accustomed to the ways of white peo- and we were ready to meet other ple and feel at ease and confident in scouts and to learn the rules of camp.

their ,society. Our boys had an ideal opportunity to At Sherman Institute, the large mingle in a natural, normal way with government boarding school located at other boys. We all ate at a common Riverside, California, the religious table, sat around camp fires together, work director, Rev. Floyd O. Burnett, and hiked over all the mountains.

has at the request 'of the school or- This experience gave the Indian boys ganized the first Boy Scout troups.* a most practical means of learning After several meetings he wrote, "We something of the ways and the ideals are all boys together. We make our of some of our fine white lads.

plans and carry them out together as "The entire Indian group worked pals. Several outstanding events in on their second-class tests and fifteen the year's work stand out. passed all requirements, recelvmg "On Saturday before Easter Sun- their official pins. It was a most im- day, the troop, along with others from pressive sight, to see this fine group Riverside, assisted in the Mt. Rubi- of Indian boys being admitted into doux Easter Sunrise Pilgrimage, and full membership of second-class scoutwere placed in charge of Trail No. 12, ing.

helping many of the aged people up "Before leaving the camp, the In- the narrow and winding pathway. It dian boys had achieved other suc- is said that twenty thousand people cesses. Every boy with the exception climbed the mountain to take part in of one, had earned the art of deep the Sunrise Service. The boys and I water swimming and diving. This feel it was a real joy to have had a was a real accomplishment for them.

part in this event." Over half of the group were admitted As a culmination of the year's work, into the camp secret fraternity, mem- twenty-one boys attended an eight bership in which is a special reward days' encampment during the summer. for good sportsmanship. They forgot The camp was situated in the moun- all bashfulness and joined in the stunt event evening, giving several very *.A. picture of these scouts is on the "Call clever stunts. Eighteen of our boys to Prayer to Young People" for the World Day of Prayer, February 20, 1931. won camp medallions for efficiency.

53

We were all mighty proud of this, as HOLLAND SENDS A GIFT were the superintendent and employees of the school. One of the most prominent and zealous promoter·s of the WorId Day "For my part, I was glad to have of Prayer during the past several my Indian boy·s realize that they could years has been the Baroness van Boetcompete with white boys in a friendly zelaer van Dubbledam, of Holland, a way and be successful, that they could vice-chairman of the International achieve successes even when difficul- Missionary Council. Last year she ties were great, and above all, I was translated the program and enlisted glad to see them enter whole-heartedly the Federation of Associations for into fine friendships with their white Women and Girls of Holland in the brothers. I believe the influences of promotion of the service. Meetings these camp days will mean more in were held all over Holland and more the lives of these Indian boys than we than 5,500 printed programs were can estimate at the present time." used.

A CALL TO PRAYER Following the Day of Prayer the secretary of this Federation, Mrs. Prepared by Baroness van Boetzelaer van Mary W. Barger, wrote a letter of ap- Dubbledam of "Sandwyck." de BUt, The Nether· preciation in behalf of the women and lands, girls in Holland and enclosed a finan- cial gift from the Holland Federation You are invited to join in prayer to the Federation and Council in the with Christians of all lands at the United States to assist in further prosunset hour each Sabbath,.and to join motion of the Day, and as she says, in a united service in your community "As a little sign that we are glad to on the have found this bond with your or- ganization. Many got a blessing out World Day of Prayer of these meetings. People like very milch this way of praying together." FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 20, 1931 "Call unto me, and I will answer thee." A Call to Prayer goes out to all lands. "Ye -shall be my witnesses." Continue steadfastly in prayer. "Whatsoever ye shall ask in my name, that will I do."* Subjeets for Prayer WORLD DAY OF PRAYER POSTER MAKE Us FAITHFUL In Our Prayer For ourselves. For our own family and people. For the needs of the world.

In Our Witness By our words. By our ways (mode of life). By our works for God's kingdom.

In Our Love For Him who bought us with His blood. For those with whom we are in daily contact. For all the work that is done among men in the name of Christ. Amen!

* This Call is also to be used at sunset each Sabbath nntil the 1982 observance.

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

We might add that women of many MISS KATHLEIlN BARONESS VAN nations are learning not only to pray MACARTHUR BOETZIILABR together, but also to understand and appreciate one another better and to twelve years a Missionary Consul in work together. In a recent letter the The Netherlands Indies, and the Bar- Baroness writes, "God has given oness is the mother of five children all America to the world to organize, to born in Java. She was a coopted memstimulate, to suggest and to inspire. ber of the Jerusalem Conference. That you may enrich and deepen your spiritual life with the treasures of Miss Jean Grigsby Paxton, A.B., European Christian thought is cer- author of the Service of Consecration, tainly true. The combination of both "Looking Unto Jesus," is a member trends is magnificent; therefore we of the staff, National Board, Young must work together wherever pos- Women's Christian Associations of sible." the United States, her chief responsi- bility being publicity and interpreta- -(MRS. S. S.) MARY R. HOUGH. tion of the work of the ninety-nine American Association secretaries in WORLD DAY OF PRAYER fourteen foreign countries. Born in Virginia,she secured her degree from The Authors Randolph-Macon Women's College. For three years she taught and was Miss Kathleen Walker MacArthur, principal in a southern girls' school, B.A., of the teaching staff, College of after which she was Y. W. C. A. stu- Churches of Christ in Canada and dent secretary at· Randolph-Macon for secretary to the College, is the author three years. of the program, "Ye Shall Be My Witnesses." Miss MacArthur's major Miss Paxton then went to Canton, responsibility is teaching New Testa- China, serving there four years as ment, Missions and Reli~ious Educa- foreign secretary, returning on action; she also does considerable_ field count of her health. Since 1921 she work throughout Canada in the inter- has been connected with the National est of extension courses in these sub- Board.* jects. During the summer she gives most of her time to teaching in de- The Artist nominational and cooperative camps for leaders and y'oung people. "I flee away just to be alone where I can think this 'World Day of Prayer' Miss MacArthur is a graduate of out. My effort will be to make good." the Japanese Language Training School in Tokyo, and for five years On a July day the editor of the was instructor in the Anglo-Oriental World Day of Prayer material re- Girls' High School in Tokyo. Before ceived this in a personal note from going to Japan she graduated from the artist to whom had, been given the the National Training School in To- commission to produce the poster. ronto-in Missions and Religious And so beside an Adirondack lake in Education, and after returning stud- the midst of the mighty forest, the ied at the University of Manitoba for work was wrought. four years, graduating in Arts. She came from there to her present posi- • A picture of Miss Paxton appeared in the tion in Toronto two years ago. November, 1929, RlIlVl.W.

Baroness van Boetzelaer, author of the Call to Prayer is a Vice-President of the International Missionary Council, of which her husband has been a member .from its beginning. He is a member of the Netherlands Parliament. Previous to 1919, he was for

Across Lake Pleasant is a summer Francisco, 10: 30 in the morning in camp of some six hundred religious Honolulu (all February 19). folk, and over the water at the beginning of each day floated hymns of If in Hawaii evening meetings are praise to God. To such accompani- held at 8: 30 P. M. on February 20, ment, amid such surroundings, the at that time February 21 will be just hand sketched, then chiseled the lino- starting in Chicago, it will be an hour leum blocks from which the poster was after midnight in Mexico City, 2: 30 A. M. in Porto Rico, an hour later in print~d. Rio de Janeiro, 4: 00 A. M. in Buenos Aires, time to get up in the Nether- Do you want a little line cut electro- lands, 8: 00 A. M. in South Africa, type of the poster design (1 x 114 mid-morning in Jerusalem, noon in inches) for your church bulletin or Calcutta, early afternoon in China, 4 to print on your letterhead? You may P. M. in Melbourne, 6 P. M. in New have one for 90 cents, or one 1% x 214 Zealand (all February 21). inches for $1.15, or 214 x 314 inches for $1.50. Write the Council of In order to calculate the actual num- Woman for Home Missions, 105 East ber of hours that transpire, let us take 22d Street, New York City, stating Toronto, Canada, the home of the size and sending money. author of the program. While the 6 : 00 A. M. meetings are being held Supplies in Japan on February 20, in Toronto it will be 3: 30 P. M., February 19; The supplies are the Program (2 and if the last meetings are in the cents, $1.75 per 100), Call (free), Call evening in Alaska and Honolulu, they to Young People (free), Service of will last until about 3: 30 A. M., Feb- Consecration (10 cents), poster (10 ruary 21, Toronto time, so the observcents), ,seals (25 cents per 100, $1.75 ance of the World Day of Prayer exper 1,000), Suggestions for Leaders tends over an entire day and a half, (free with order for Programs), Proj- pcssibly even more. ect Sheet (free), Visualizations (5 mimeographed copies for 20 cents), To know what hour it is in other History (single mimeographed copy land,s while meetings in the United free). Order early from denomina- States or Canada are in progress, taktional headquarters.-F. E. Q. ing 10: 30 A. M. in Denver, Colorado (1: 00 P.IVL in Nova Scotia), it will A DAY AND A HALF be 6: 00 A. M. in Samoa, 7: 00 in Hawaii, 8: 30 in Sitka, Alaska, noon Some de,sire to follow in thought in Havana, Cuba, between 12: 00 and the meetings held on the World Day 1: 00 in Peru and Colombia, 5: 00 of Prayer in different countries. The P. M. in Madrid, 5: 30 in Paris, 6: 00 following may help. in Rome, Berlin and Liberia, 7: 30 in Constantinople, Cairo, and Nyassa, in The date line being at the 180 0 Leningrad and Moscow, 8: 30 in meridian, possibly the sunrise meet- Tabriz, 10: 00 in Bombay, 10: 30 in ings in Japan and Korea start the ob- Ceylon, 1: 00 in Calcutta, after midservance of the World Day of Prayer, night in Bangkok and Singapore, beas Australia and New Zealand prob- tween 1: 00 and 2: 00 A. M. on Febably hold their meetings later in the ruary 21 in Peiping, Shanghai, and day. While some in Japan are meet- Manila, a little later in Seoul, 3: 00 ing at 6: 00 A. M. on Friday, Febru- A. M. in Tokyo, 3: 30 in Sydney and ary 10, 1981, it will still be February Papua, 5; 30 in New Zealand and New 19 in many places-ll: 00 P. M. in Hebrides. Uganda, 8: 30 P. M. in London, 3:30 P. M. in Santiago, Chile and New It will readily be seen what an in- York, noon in Vancouver and San teresting few minutes might be spent in your meeting visualizing each place

WOMAN'S ROME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

around the world, using a school globe, New York City Tournament. Since which many department stores carry then we have successively and successat a small price. fully had some six or seven other Negro girls and a couple ,of Jewish If you know how many hours differ- girls in the office for longer or shorter ence there is between your town and periods. The salary scale has been Halifax or Denver, you can do a bit according to position, training, exof arithmetic and from this list lo- perience and ability, race not entering cate the hour all around the world at into the matter at all. which your morning meeting is in session. For the afternoon meeting, just While we had tried out combining take the 3: 30 P. M. New York time different racea and religions, all had given above in the second paragraph been American, so next we essayed or 3: 30 P. M. Toronto in the third internationalism. We have had at paragraph and calculate from either. various times a Swedish, a Norwegian, Perhaps you will hang up a wall map a Russian, and two with Italian of the world, and as you travel a parentage, working happily with helper will place a cross on each coun- Anglo-Saxon and Negro-American try that observes the Day.* girls. Helene informed us of Russian ways, Solveig now writes to us from F. E. Q. Oslo. Was life not made more in- teresting for the rest because of the WHY NOT TRY IT? close contacts with those conversant with other customs and cultures? When I became secretary of the Council nearly a dozen year;!! ago, I Latest of all, we sallied forth into had some theories and standards I the Oriental group, and secured a wanted to try out. One was to have Japanese girl. A Chinese girl was her those of various races, nationalities succes,sor and since her marriage, a and religions work together in the Negro girl has filled that position. office. Many, without trying it, had Now we are cudgelling our brains for said it could not be done without fric- a new field for exploration. tion or uncomfortable situations. Our informal office devotional peri- Our first experience along this line ods and our "good times" togetherwas with a Jewish stenographer (not such as a birthday celebration or oc- Hebrew-Christian, but Jewish), who casional picnic-have been in no way served as my -secretary five years. disturbed by the international, inter- Ruth left five years ago to take a racial, inter-religious composition of more responsible position drawing a the office family, but rather enhanced. larger salary than we could offer; our The next generation comes to see us relationship now is that of close now; May married August and brings friends with mutual love. in little June once in a while-a white family; Jeanne married and little Ed- The next venture was to engage a ward, Jr., makes our acquaintance–a ~egro girl to have charge of litera- Negro family. ture sales. So then we had a representative of the Jewi,sh race and a As to efficiency, dependability, inirepresentative of the Negro race serv- tiative, resourcefulness – seemingly ing harmoniously with the Nordics. those of one race measure up as well This, too, worked perfectly until ill- as those of another, whether the poness in her family compelled Veola to sition filled be clerical or secretarial. go to another section of the country. This ten-year laboratory test indicates Incidentally, while with us, she came that characteristics and capability are out champion girl tennis player in the a matter of the individual person. Not every white girl-not every American * }""or 10 cents :you ('an buy a hox of 75 large -measurea up 100 per cent.

g'lUJllll4:'d rf'o. seals from which the crosses may Why not go on a voyage of disbe ('ut. Mimeographed Historv giving list of covery yourself, or get your husband forty-five countries from whic'h reports have been received will be sent free, 011 request, by the Federation or Council.

or brother to step off the beaten track by the British, and does it differ less to try it out in the office? Of course, than formerly? there should previously be careful consultation with those now working What is meant by the terms "free there, that the newcomers may not be ships, free goods"; "enemy ships, enemy made uncomfortable. How about head- goods"; "continuous voyage"; "contraquarters and the official positions, both band"; "conditional contraband"; "efsalaried and volunteer, in your de- fective blockade"? nomination – are they confined to white Americans? To what established principles of neutral rights did our Government con- Let's stop talking "goodwill and un- tend that the British should adhere in derstanding" unless we are willing to the World War? How did England modput them into operation in our own ify them? daily lives by opening the gates of opportunity. What use did England make of her sovereign right to -control her own ex- FLORENCE E. QUINLAN. ports to force on neutral nations a new interpretation of the principles of tne READING COURSE right of blockade?

Prepared by the National Committee on the What was our attitude when we be- Cause and Cure of War, Room 1116, Grand came one of the belligerents? Central Terminal Building, New York. What is the uncertain factor in the use of an economic blockade against an agressor nation on the part of the League of Nations? How could this weakness be remedied?

SECTION III· PLAN FOR ORGANIZED PEACE War for Profits, by Otto Lehmann- If war is honestly to be prevented, Russboldt (175 pp.). Published by there must be a right-about-face on Alfred H. King, 1930. $1.75. the part of the nations in their atti- Almost everybody is a loser in war. tude toward it; by some progressive agreement the manufacture and pur- The few exceptions are munition makers, chase of the munitions of war must some who profiteer on supplies other than be limited or stopped; while no po- munitions, and some military men who litical mechanism alone will insure gain reputation and promotion. This cooperation among the nations, there book gives a vivid picture of the gains must be some machinery of cooperaof the munition makers. tion if the will to CQoperate is to be A merican Neutrality and International made effective;. mutual counsel among the nations is the real hope for bring- Police, by Philip C. Jessup (170 pp.). ing about the disavowal of war by the Published by World Peace Founda- open avowal of its real causes and tion. $1.25. open discussion of them; there must Freedom of the Seas, by J. M. Ken- be some means of defining, recording, worthy and George Young (281 pp.). interpreting, and developing the law Published by Horace Liveright. $4.00. Maritime Trade in War, by Lord of nations.t Eustace Percy (114 pp.). Published by Yale University Press. $2.00. IMMANUEL The year's reading has been devoted to disarmament. In time of war conflict- o live in us this day, purpose yet again ing views have arisen on the question of o clothe Thyself, Thy freedom of the seas. Three books in In human clay. the above list are on that topic. Readers need not read all three, but are asked to Work, through our feebleness Thy choose one of them. "The Jessup is con- strength, densed, accurate, clear; the Kenworthy Work through our meaneS8 Thy nobility, is more discursive, has anecdotes, is Work through our helpless poverty of longer, but does not require the concen- soul tration which the Jessup does; the Thy grace, Thy glory and Thy love. Percy is a collection of addresses delivered at a Wmiamstown Institute of Poli- -J. S. Hoyland, The Fourfold Sacratics." ment.

QuestioDs t Dominant currents in the plan by Dr. Charles H. Levermore which Won The Amerl- Why has our interpretation of the cRn PeRce Award given by Edward W. Bok rights of neutrals differed from that heM in 1924.

• Section I appeared in the October REVIEW! Section II in December. The course for 1931 will be ready the latter part of January.

fOR WOR-ICE

EDITED BY MRS. F. I. JOHNSON, 150 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK President of the Federation of Woman's Boards for Foreign Missions PEACEMAKERS cast to promote certain ideas. I want A Most Usable Program to know the truth so that I may set my influence for those matters which By MRS. J. C. SHOVER and the Editor of will make this a better world for our this Department in Collaboration children.

Arrange three tables in U shape, the The Representative for Mars jumps closed part away from the audience, up and the Representative of the Nfb- and the sides spread so that the nine tional Council rises quickly.

characters may be seen and heard. Pec,ce: I believe the Representative Seated, three at each table beginning of Mars was first.

at the left, are the representatives of Mans' Representative (Suavely) : the Church, Other Peace Associations What I want to say at this time is in in America, The National Council for answer to Average Citizen. Men al- Prevention of War, Average Citizen, ways have fought; and as long as Peace, Public Opinion, The League of there is human nature in the world, Nations, The WorW Court and Mars. men will continue to settle their quar- These may wear Grecian draped cos- rels by fighting.

tumes in colors with headbands and Peace: National Council, give us sashes bearing their names; but this your message.

is not necessary. Each stands while National Council: I am glad to rep- she speaks. The front of the table resent the National Council for Pre- may be hung with bunting or crepe vention of War. I came from Wash- paper. Drape flags on the wall in the ington to be at this conference. It is background. the task of my organization to educate Peace: We have assembled to learn the public to the truth about war. We what is being done to establish peace are a clearing house of peace aetivi- in a war-ridden world. As your chair- ties with three planks in our platform: man, I represent the spirit that longs Progressive World Organization, for peace in the hearts of people every- Worldwide Reduction of Armaments where. I shall ask each member in by International Agreement, and turn to introduce herself. (Turns to Worldwide Education for Peace. Our Average Citizen and motions for her goal is to strengthen a great World to rise.) Court and League of Nations which Average Citizen: My name is Av- shall be supported by world opinion erage Citizen. I represent the men and by the teachings of goodwill and and women of the world. I have come international understanding in the to inquire what is being done to bring schools of the world, and, by succes- about the time when we shall be free sive disarmament conferences, to re- from the fear of war. duce the armies of the world to police Peace: On all great matters of forces.

state, enlightened Public Opinion Peace: May we hear from the wields a mighty influence. Public League of Nations at this time.

Opinion, will you speak? Lec,gue: The League of Nations Public Opinion: Today we read and came into legal existence in January, hear so much that is purposely broad- 1920, with a membership of twenty- 59

four states. Its members now number ing to the Court agree to accept the thirty-four. The principal nations not Court's judgments. DUring its ;first in the League are Mexico, Brazil, seven years it rendered sixteen judg- Turkey, Soviet Russia, and the United ments.

States. Its headquarters are in Geneva, 2. By rendering advisory opinions where the work it accomplishes re- on such legal questions as may be sub- quires a staff of about seventy-five mitted by the League of Nations. The men and women in the central offices, "opinions" are strictly opinions. They and about four hundred more in the have no authority. But they are very offices dealing with International La- valuable in helping to decide compli- bor questions. cated questions. The Court has thus The purposes, clearly stated in the far rendered sixteen advisory opin- covenant, are "to promote internation- ions. Any nation may submit a case al cooperation and to achieve interna- whether it belongs to the Court or tional peace and security." The not.t nations which are members promise Avel'age Citizen: Does the United each other among other things "not States .of America have a judge in the to resort to war"; "to maintain justice World Court?

and a scrupulous respect for all treaty WOl1ld Court: Yes, former Secreobligations"; to reduce "national arm- tary of State, Mr. Kellogg was apaments to the lowest point consistent pointed September, 1930. Before him, with national 'safety"; to submit any the Honorable Charles Evans Hughes threatened dispute "either to arbitra- was the judge from our United States. tion or to judicial settlement or' to Peace: Thank you. May we now inquiry by the Council"; to carry out hear from Other Peace Associations in good faith "any award or decision" in America. and "not to resort to war against a member of the League which complies Other Peace Associations: Perhaps you will be surprised to learn how therewith," * many other agencies I represent. There are forty-two besides our Average Citizen: I have heard that friends here. (Ge.sture includes oththe League studies public health, in- ers.) You will agree that the list is dustrial problems, international trade too long to read, but anyone may seproblems, and similar matters as well cure names of these and other agencies as disputes between nations. with addresses and names of officers by writing to the National Council for League: To learn mare of my work Prevention of War, Washington, D. C. write to The League of Nations Asso- (Starts to sit down and jumps up ciation, National Headquarters, 6 again.) I would not have you think East 39th Street, New York City. that these forty-two are all the or- Pecwe: It seems fitting that we should now hear from the Representa- tive of the World Qourt. (Turn and ganizations for peace. These are nabows to World Court.) World Court: The first World Court tional societies, remember. State and local organizations formed primarily of justice came into existence soon to promote peace are forty-five in after the League of Nations. Its pur- number. (Sits down and jumps up pose is to serve the nations of the ' again.) I really must add to these world in two ways: eighty-seven the thirteen organiza- 1. By rendering judgments under tions that have Peace Committees.

the principles of International Law on Then you must add thirty-eight or- such contr.oversies as may be sub- ganizations engaged in activities that mitted for legal settlement by the na- promote international goodwill and tions concerned. The nations appeal- world peace. Churches are in this group but are listed as only one of 'Sidney Gulick. Leallet III. ~'ederal Coun- tSidney Gulick, Leaflet VII. cil of Churches. 105 East 22d Street. New York City.

METHODS FOR WORKERS

the thirty-eight. That puts the num- into all that concerns our lives. (Faces ber at one hundred and thirty-eight. the aUdience.) I have the pleasure of Representative of Mars (Interrupt- representing the Jewish, the Protes- ing cynically): And are there any tant and the Catholic faiths. If Other more? Agencies for Peace had the time to O. P. A.: Yes, indeed. There are name the religious organizations she eighteen foreign societies in the Unit- represents there would be the Catholic ed States designated to increase Association for International Peace, knowledge of other countries and to The Federal Council of Churches of develop friendly international rela- Christ in America, and the United tions. That makes one hundred fifty- Synagogue of America among them.

six. Many people said the Church had Public Opinion: Where does the failed when the Chri,stian nations Federation of Woman's Boards of went into the World War. That very Foreign Missions of North America criticism stirred the Church to re- come in? newed activity for peace. Since 1918 O. P. A.: That is listed in a group my voice has been strong in protesting having eleven such organizations rep- against greater armaments, larger resented. This group supports the navies, compulsory military training, peace movement by affiliation and co- and has pled for reduction of armies operation with Peace organizations. and navies, peace pacts with other A verage Citizen: I am not much of countries, and for international undera mathematician, but it looks to me 81'! standing and goodwill.

though there were here in the United Representative of Mars (jumping States one hundred sixty-seven simi- up): Evidently you are forgetting lar organizations. I am glad you told that we are never safe against the at- us where to get the list in detail. I tack of -other powers unless we are must write it down-National Council equally armed. It is our duty to de- for Prevention of War, Washington, fend ourselves. I represent the armies D. C. Now, I should like to hear what and navies of the world, and we have the church is doing about this subject. a hard enough time to get the money (Peace nods to Church, who arises.) to carry on. We often have to fright- Church: I am glad to represent the en the people into giving the money, Church. Through its schools, its but give they must. They must make young people's groups, its Sunday- these expenditures in time of peace in schools, it Religious Education courses, order to be ready for war.

its Boy Scouts and Camp Fire Girls, Average Citizen: Who will tell me its denominational foundations in what the costs of war are? state-supported institutions, it is helping to mold the minds of many mil- Representative of Mars: Now you are beside the main question. lions around the globe.* Church (Ignoring the interrup- We try to train our membership to tion): I have come prepared to do be world citizens. that. (Rises and holds up a large round disc representing a dollar. It Representative of Mars: The should be covered with silver paper Church should keep out of politics. and prepared so that with a large knife she can cut out a sector a little Church: So long as we believe in more than two-thirds of the disc to the Fatherhood of God and the Broth- show the amount spent for destructive erhood of man, we must take an active purposes.) President Hoover gave to interest in all that affects the wellbeing of our brothers and sisters. As long as politics affects government and the country on December 5, 1929, a government rules our lives, we must simplified budget for the fiscal year, do our part to put the spirit of love 1930. According to this statement the *Evelyn Riley Nicholson in "Thinking It taxpayer's dollar is divided thus: Through," page 132. (Cuts and holds up the large sector.)

National defense-17.5 cents, to vet- abolish war. However, the pacts that erans of former wars–19.1 cents, for you have heard most about are the the public debt-32 cents, and (laying results of three recent conferences; down the large and holding the smaller In 1922 there was an agreement repiece) 31.4 cents for ordinary civil garding capital ships signed at the functions. In other words, 68.6 cents Washington Conference on the Lim- go for past and future wars and only itation of Armament. 31.4 cents go for police protection, The Kellogg Pact is a general pact better roads, mother's pensions, farm for the renunciation of war. In Eu- relief and all other peace-time affairs rope it is called the Pact of Paris beof government. cause it was signed at Paris in In "Direct and Indirect Costs of the August, 1928, by 15 nations. Since World War" published by the Car- then, 62 nations have signed. All that negie Endowment for International the Pact asks is that the disputes be- Peace, Prof. Bogart says, "If we had tween nations will not lead to war. paid twenty thousand dollars an hour Another Pact called the Four Pow- from the birth of Christ until the end er Pact of the Pacific pledged Great of 1925, the World War would not be Britain, Japan, France and the United paid for …… We hurned up nine mil- States to bring serious disputes in the lion dollars an hour." Pacific region to a joint conference. One battleship costs forty million The Five Power Naval Conference dollars. That is enough money to in London in 1930 resulted in an open build a great university like the Uni- discussion by the countries, of their versity of Pennsylvania. The cost of navies, and, while there is some dis- firing a big gun just once, would pay appointment that there was not more the salary of a university professor accomplished, the date was set for an- for a whole year. other conference in 1935 for further National Council: Yes, more than efforts to reduce the expenditures for that. The sons of millions of mothers destructive purposes.

became gun fodder. They do the kill- Public Opinion: Have you, Oh ing and are killed. The nation loses Church, any plans for furthering this its strongest manhood. It has been good work?

well said that the first casualty of war Church: Yes, indeed. We work in is Truth, the next Love, then follows cooperation with all these othel' neces- Liberty and Justice. From every sary agencies. Here are a few things standpoint the people pay for war. that we as groups or individuals can Average Citizen: Public Opinion, do.

you are so powerful. Will you not (Counting them as mentioned on throw the weight of your influence on her fingers.) 1. We give special the side of World Peace? luncheons or dinners to distinguished Public Opinion: I want to do it, but strangers from other lands from am dependent upon you, Average Citi- whom messages of information and zen. You must gather facts, such as inspiration can be received. 2. We we have learned here, so that I may arrange pageants or musicales to cul- know what to think and say. Do you tivate international appreciation. 8.

realize that the histories which chil- We hold prize essay contests on the dren ,study in school largely determine subject of peace. 4. Hold suitable the way they think of people of other Armistice day services. 5. Put books nations? (Others nod assent.) on peace in the hands of young people.

Average Citizen: I have heard 6. Have lectures on international af- about some Peace Pacts of late. I fairs. 7. Ask librarians to recommend should like to know more about them. books on war and peace. 8. Help the Church: May I answer! I have had people in our parishes to know about much to do with urging their accept- all the organizations that are repre- ance by our government. We can go sented here. 9. Recommend to church far back in history and find efforts to people plays and films particularly

fitted to the cultivation of peace ideals that he was trying hard not to cry.

and purposes, urging attendance and "He's worse," he gulped. "Se burning support. 10. Urge and encourage our hot and he sleeps all the time. Mother representatives to vote for measurea can scarcely waken him, and then he that insure fair play, and for partici- only moans and we can't make him pation in movements that provide Ilwallow anything, theugh the herb means f.or peaceful settlements of dis- doctor left some bitter tea for him.

putes. And we've thrown an egg over the Public Opinion: It gives us courage roof, and killed a rooster."

to know that all these agencies are "Has Grandfather Nay used the working to outlaw destructive activi- needles yet? That let's out the fire, ties and to make the taxpayer's dollar they say."

count for better conditions. "He is coming tomorrow morning.

Average Citizen: An American Hai, that will be terrible." Ang-duang friend of mine fell into conversation could not keep back his tears, even with an old mother in Germany. The though he was a boy and not supposed old lady shook her head and repeated to cry. "He used the needles on me over and over again, "We must have once, and I had festering sores for no more war. We mUllt have no more months after. It gives me a chill to war." think of those needles that Nay Grand- Peace: In the words of General father never washes going into Ah- O'Ryan, "War cannot be successfully mee l but the priest says the idol com- abolished except through the cemplete mands needles."

mebilization of all peace powers fer Grandmother Clong nodded her old peace purpeses . . . . . . Let us wage head. "It makes me feel just that way, peace." (All except Mars rise and too, though they de say that they face Peace.) know where to put the needles se it All: We pledge yeu our support. will not puncture yeur vital parts.

But as I teld my daughter-in-law THE STRAW-BABY, MIDNIGHT, when she wanted to have the needles AND A CROSSROAD stuck into me, how did I or they know A Playlet my vital parts are located exactly like By MARY BREWSTER HOLLISTER everybody else's. "Ai l that bean-curd there reminds Part I me 'Of a sure cure fer a sick child- Ang-duang was coming down the why didn't I think of it before? I Chinese village street frem the bean- tried this once when my eldest son curd shep. The werried little pucker was a baby and a sick one he was too."

en his face was net all from trying to The 'Old woman closed her eyes, and keep the soft white square of bean- half chanted the age-old superstitious curd balanced on a section 'Of banana fermula. "Weave a little straw-doll, leaf. He almost ran into old Grandma tie it with five-oolor threads, stick a Cleng just as he got to his own door- flag inte it with the name of the evil step. spirit inside the straw. Take it with "Hai! and have you no eyes to see an egg, a square of bean-curd, and a who yeu're knecking down in your cup of wine, and carry it at midnight walks abroad," she scolded, and then to where two roads cross, and leave as she recevered, her dim kindly old it there."

eyes peered at him. "Ang-duang, Lit- "And then what happens 7" Ang- tle Brether, it's you, is it? And no duang was breathless from the wonder your face has not its every- thought 'Of a lonely crossroad at the day happy look! You have troubles fearsome hour of midnight.

indeed at your house. How i,g the "The evil spirit will leave the sick baby brother?" child, and be lured to that tempting Ang-duang choked and Iooked the array of things to eat, and it being a other way so that nobody could see crossroads and dark, the Unnameable

Thing will lose its way, and be unable Behind him he heard a faint sound! to return to the house where its evil "I will not look back," he told himpresence has brought illness." The self stoutly. "I will go right on. If old woman looked about fearfully lest I can just go fast enough to keep the mere whispered mention of the ahead!" Unnameable might bring her bad luck. As he hastened his pace, he dis- "I must be hurrying on," and she tinctly heard the steps behind him hobbled away, while Ang-duang stood also hasten their pace. a moment thinking very hard about "The Unnameable Thing," he what she had told him. groaned, as his blood ran cold, and his knees went weak. He too shivered from the fear that To add to his terror his lantern mention of that most dreaded of evil flickered out. He stumbled over a spirits arouses in Chinese hearts. loosened stone in the road and went "The Evil Thing must be horrible in- down, his basket and its contents scatdeed to make mother take us in be- tering. Even before he could collect fore dark every night and lock the himself enough to rise he heard the doors. But if-but if it would make steps running now toward him. In Ah-mee well, nothing would be too his fright he could not move. Nearer hard. Even midnight at a crossroad and nearer the footsteps came! The three li from home–even if-even if Awful Thing was almost on him! the Unnameable One should get me." He covered his head with his arms He looked down the street anxiously and screamed! before he turned and went hurriedly "Little Brother," he heard a kind inside the door and across the court- voice say. "Do not be frightened. It yard and tip-toed into the dark tightly is only another country person. I'm closed room where his sick baby broth- on my way back from the next village er lay, with his mother leaning her where they called me to doctor a poor agonized face above him. sick woman. I'm not at all dreadful." The voice was so comforting and Part II reassuring that Ang-duang's face ven- tured forth from its hiding, and It was several hours later in the peered up at a strange white face in black of a very dark night that the the light of a bright kerosene lantern. front door creaked on its hinges and The face was a kind and smiling one opened a crack to let Ang-duang slip that brought back quiet and confidence through it out upon the street. into the boy's shaken senses. "So you're not the Unnameable "Ai," he held his breath, "I hope Thing, after all," he heaved a long mother did not hear that squeak." sigh of relief. The other-country per,son put back He put down on the step his tray- his head and laughed. "I should hope like basket that held a tiny straw fig- not. And if you have been at all ure, the egg, the bean-curd and cup nervous, as I take it you were"-Angof rice wine, as he lighted the little duang had recovered enough to give round paper lantern he was carrying. an answering grin to this as the mis- He lifted it high and peered fearfully sionary doctor helped him to his feet down the street. -"it's a good thing you have me for company this dark night. Where are "Not that it's in front of me I need you going?" to be afraid of," he shivered. "The Unmentionable Thing will be follow- "To where the little road crosses ing me from behind, following these the big road," Ang-duang answered, things here to eat, all the way until and then remembered the mishap to I get to where the little road crosses his belongings. "Where is that straw- baby? And oh, that egg will surely the big road. Hai, I wish it were not be smashed, and all the other things I" three li nor quite as black as ink." Ang-duang had a moment of shrinking before he started out, and then he clung close to the high wall along the street.

prQve. 'What is needed, hQwever

that CQurteQus endQrsement be changed First Decade of The Le_ue of Nations intQ enthusiastic cQoperatiQn.

REGARDLESS .of the attitude .of And this shQuld be .of special CQncern individual Americans tQward tQ the friends .of the missiQnary enter- American membership in the League, prise. Peace, justice, health, sanitaa visit tQ Geneva satisfies .one that the tiQn, unexplQitatiQn, race harmQny, League is an accQmplished fact, a hQnest labQr under prQper cQnditiQns, serviceful, efficiently functiQning Qr- prQtectiQn .of weak and submerged peQganizatiQn, and an internatiQnal re- pies, mQrality-what are all these ality .of far-reaching influence and but .objectives bQth of the League .of value. This is especially evident nQW NatiQns and .of Christian missiQns. SQ that the League has cQmpleted its first Christianity fQr tWQ thQusand years decade. FQr the first time in histQry has been laying fQundatiQns .on which the WQrld has an annual assembly .of the League .of NatiQns is building 54 states, and a permanent interna- as a superstructure the PQlitical and tiQnal civil service .of nearly 500 per- eCQnQmic brQtherhood .of mankind.- SQns whQ wQrk cQnstantly .on the busi- William B. Lipphard, in Missions. ness .of the natiQns. Unreached Rural Areas of the World It becQmes increasingly evident that the League is a permanent and essen- THE missiQn study subject fQr 1931tial factQr in internatiQnal life. Were 32 is tQ be "The Unreached Rural it suddenly tQ disband the world would take an irretrievable step backward. Areas .of the WQrld." The interde- As Elihu RQQt said a few mQnths agQ: nQminatiQnal bQQks will develop the "FQr these ten years the League in study along topical rather than geothe PQlitical field and the CQurt in the graphical lines. In the wQman's bQQk, judicial field have been rendering the attentiQn is being centered .on the best service in the cause .of peace wQrk .of WQmen in rural areas, their known tQ the histQry .of civilization; homes, the questiQn .of health, rural incQmparably the best." educatiQn, and industry. Several Mis- If the League .of NatiQns is to suc- siQn Boards, plan the preparatiQn .of ceed and if real and lasting WQrld denQminational literature .on the subpeace is tQ be maintained, this inter- ject. It is suggested that the infQrnational QrganizatiQn and its high Qb- matiQn sent by missiQnarie,s be based jectives must have the enthusiastic .on: SCQpe .of the field; HQme life; support .of public QpiniQn. The League Health and sanitatiQn; Industries; is the wQrld's greatest adventure in EducatiQn; Evangelistic methQds; internatiQnal demQcracy. Whether .or Strength .of the Christian Church; nQt the United States ever jQins the The unreached field. This infQrma- League, Americans cannQt stand alQof tiQn shQuld nQt be encyclopedic in f!lQm the League and its wQrk. Cer- style. SQme will be able tQ put that tainly there is n.osingle achievement tQuch .of human interest and charm .of .of the League which an American can- style which will produce a readable, not CQmmend; nQ single .objective clear and understandable picture .of which he cannQt endQrse, nQ single the wQrk, the needs and the QPportuactivity which he cannQt heartily ap- nities.

5 M

Medical Work Sunday, January 4, 1931-World CHRISTIANITY'S healing record is Evangelism. without a rival in the world. Monday, January 5, 1931-Thanks- Protestant missions are estimated to giving and Confession. Tuesday, January 6, 1931-The own and control 858 hospitals with 31,- Church Universal. 264 beds. In these 389,712 patients receive medical attention, out of which Wednesday, January 7, 1931-In- 198,844 were operative cases. There ternational Cooperation. are 1,686 dispensaries in which last year 10,441,539 consultations were Thursday, January 8, 1931-Misheld, while there were also 137,152 sions and Missionaries. house visits. There are now 513 native male doctors and 99 female doctors Friday, January 9, 1931-Family, in the various fields, together with School, and University Life.

Saturday, January 10, 1931-Home Missions, and The Jews.

2,597 male assistants and 2,861 fe- Programs may be obtained from the male, besides 1,085 trained nurses. For Federal Council of Churches, 105 every 25 mission workers there is now East 22d Street, New York, or from one medical missionary. The World's Evangelical Alliance, 19 Russell Square, London, W. C. I., Eng- Week of Prayer land.

THE World's Evangelical Alliance NORTH AMERICA has issued an invitation for the 1931 Universal Week of Prayer (or- Presbyterian Union Voted on Novemganized by the Alliance since 1846). This continues from Sunday, January ber Twelfth 4th, to Sunday, January 11, 1931. Christian leaders and workers every- OFFICIAL representatives of five where are urged to Make Arrange- Presbyterian and Reformed bodments to bring Christians together for ies comprising 3,000,000 communicant United Prayer daily. Preachers are members met in Pittsburgh and voted asked to prepare special sermons for for organic union in one united January 4th on the texts suggested for Church. This union is to be based this purpose. They are also earnestly upon the following standards: Westrequested to urge their people to at- minster Confession of Faith, longer tend the local Meetings of this united and shorter catechisms, doctrinal Universal Week of Prayer. statement of the United Presbyterian Church, Heidelberg catechism, Canon In Foreign Fields, the growth of the of the Synod of Dort and the Belgis population far out-distances the in- confession. The denominations concrease of the Christian Church. In cerned are: The Presbyterian Church country after country, "from the ris- in the United States of America, Presing of the sun unto the going down byterian Church in the United States thereof," despite what has been ac- (Southern), Un i ted Presbyterian ccimpJi.shed in the preaching of the Church in North America, Reformed Gospel, comparatively little is known Church in America and Reformed of the significance of the Cross of Church in the United States.

Christ. The seventy delegates adopted the Let us endeavor to visualize some- following report: thing of the condition of more than We declare the union of the Re- half of the world's population! The formed churches holding the Presby~ unfini,shed task is tremendous. May terian system to be based on the teach- the burden of it be such as to bring ings of the Holy Scriptures as set us to our knees with a· c-oncern com- forth in those portions of their stand- mensurate with the need. ards which define the spirituality of The main topics suggested are as the Church . . .

f-ollows: The C'ommiUee on church polity

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

defines the governmental organization preservation ,of existing neighborof the Church: hoods by more careful zoning and by a consideration of community require- The Lord Jesus Christ is the su- ments in location of elementary preme and sole Head of the Church. ,schools, small parks and major streets and extension of the number of The Word of God is the ultimate planned residential districts through source and authority in Church gov- "the pressure of public opinion and ernment. the growth of enabling legislation."

The Church's nature, relation and How to Close the Jails function are spiritual and spiritual only. OF 4,000 boys who passed before a New York judge on their way to Witnessing for Christ is the con- jail, reformatory, or parole, only three tinuous business of the Church. had belonged to a Sunday-school. This is cited as powerful testimony for re- The evangelization and Christian- ligious training of the young. ization of the world is the aim of the Church. In a letter to Dr. George William Carter, general secretary of the New We accept and practice the Presby- York Bible Society, reprinted in The terian sy,stem as the method or form Christian Observer (Presbyterian), of church organization and govern- Judge Lewis L. Fawcett, of the State ment, believing it to be in harmony Supreme Court, gives his experience with the Scriptures. In creating a of twenty-three years on the bench: book of government for the united church we recommend that congrega- "My experience during twenty-three tions holding the consistorial form of years on the bench, in which time over organization (as in the Reformed 4,000 boys under the age of twenty- Church) shall have the right to retain one years were convicted of crime betheir present form of organization. fore me, of whom but three were members of a Sabbath-school, has sat- The conference voted to refer points isfied me of the value of Sabbathat issue to a special committee consist- ,schools to the community, in helping ing of the chairman of the separate safeguard it, to the extent to which denominational commissions to per- Sabbath-schools exist, from the growth fect and complete a harmonized report of criminals. to be submitted to the higher judicatories of the five denominations in- "In 1,902 cases of suspended crimvolved. This final report will probably inal sentences, in each of which a not be ready for several months. minister, priest, or rabbi became in- terested at my request, only sixty-two America's Crime Bill of the boys were brought back for sentence." EVERY criminal in the United States costs as much "as the wel- Shall we support our churches and fare influence in the lives of 160 nor- Sunday-schools and close our jails or mal boys." shall we allow our churches and Sun- day-schools to die and fill our jails This c,onclusion was reached by a with criminals? Youth Committee, preparing for a Child Welfare Conference, in Wash- Church Contributions in Canada ington. The annual crime bill is in excess of $16,000,000,000; annual THE business depression has been child welfare costs $5,000,000,000, the keenly felt in the United Church number of criminals at less than 1,- of Canada, yet the contributions for 000,000, and child welfare affects 50,- missionary work have been proportion- 000,000 youths. ately greater than in the previous year. In the five year period the people have City planning commission laws, like those of New York and New Jersey, to make the environment fit the child, were urged. The committee urged

given 16 per cent more than they were Macoris, Barahona and other commugiving in the period before union and nities there are organized churches. they have opened 600 new fields of In Santo Domingo there is a hospital, ministry. An additional 4 per cent in a small book shop and a Bible House contributions would yield a balanced of the Antilles agency. In the northbudget. A complete unified scheme of ern part, a number of missionaries of pensions and provision for minister's the Free Methodist Church are workwidows and orphans is now in success- ing with success. Everyone of these ful operation. Two of the colleges have centers of Christian work deserves during the past year added $2,000,000 mention. Everyone who visits our country is interested by some circumto their resources and $14,000,000 has stance in its spiritual development and leaves it hopeful of the beautiful fubeen expended in new church build- ture which is expected from the seed ings.-Ckristian Century. of the Gospel. The first eifort, we should say the first harvest, is already LATIN AMERICA giving most abundant fruits of bene- diction to the souls formerly lost and First Caribbean Seminar the hearts formerly in tribulation. The knowledge of the pure Gospel of AVENTURE, of high significance Christ has been the beginning of a and importance in international happy era for the Dominican Republic. relations, is being realized this coming That is our belief. February. The Committee on Cultural Relations With Latin America an- The political and economic condinounces the first annual session of the tions of the country tend to a proseminar in the Caribbean. Members gres,sive stability which will contribwill sail from New York February 14, ute no doubt to the people's peace of 1931, and will visit Puerto Rico, Santo mind.-Heraldo Cristiano. Domingo, Canal Zone, Jamaica, Haiti, and Cuba. They will return on March Bible Distribution in Latin Ameriea 4. The lecturers and leader.s of round table discussions are Dr. Ernest by Coaches Gruening, Dr. E . .C. Lindeman, Dr. Leland Jenks, Dr. Samuel Guy Inman, T HE Rev. Paul Penzotti, secretary Charles Thomson and Carleton Beals. of La Plata Agency of the Ameri- Distinguished Latin Americans, as can Bible Society, gives a most inter- Dr. Fernando Ortiz of Cuba and Dr. esting story of the work carried on by Moises Saenz of Mexico are expected the fifteen colporteur,s, three subto participate in some of the sessions. agents and the agent. The La Plata Seminar programs are being arranged Agency, which covers the countries of at the ports of call. There will be cOn- Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, and ferences with the local leaders and Chile, has a constituency of 16,000,000 visits to educational institutions, so- in the territory. During 1929 this· cial agencies, etc. Over 400 men and group of workers distribut~d 177,222 women have participated in the sem- volumes of the Scripture. Of this inar sessions in Mexico since 1926. number 12,474 Bibles, 18,028 Testa- For further information address Hu- ments and 126,640 portions were sold bert C. Herring; 112 East Nineteenth and 80 Bibles and 20,000 Gospels were Street, New York. donated. To do this 71,300 miles were traveled. Bible coaches have helped Protestants in San Domingo greatly in this distribution.

I N THE southern part of Santo Do- Mr. Penzotti spent several weeks in . mingo the Evangelical Church has Uruguay last year, traveling in the a 'promising field of action and is sus- "F. G. Penzotti" Bible Coach. He tained by the help of four denomina- visited the Waldensian colonies and tions, Presbyterians, Methodists, found them much interested in the Northern Baptists and United Breth- circulation of the Scriptures and of ren. In Santo Domingo, San Pedro de

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

great a,ssistance in the work. The istered nurse from Chicago. Mrs. "best Bible Ooach in Uruguay" has Tylee was injured but is recovering. recently been purchased at a cost of $2,000 by the Mennonites. A number The Rev. and Mrs. Tylee sailed for of other missions have their own Juruena, where the attack occurred, coaches and by them the colporteurs for the second time in May, 1929. have been enabled to vIsit far-away Mrs. Tylee delivered a lecture on the places where heretofore it has been Nhambiquara Indians at the Moody impossible to reach. Bible Institute in Chicago and de- scribed them as "savage murderers." Methodbt Church of Brazil "We went to Juruena," ,she said, "led of God to reach a tribe of Indians, the THE first public statement of the Nhambiquaras, numbering fr,om ten newly organized Methodist Church t'o thirty thousand. A few months beof Brazil was made September 5, as fore, six members of the force at the follows: telegraph station had gone to an In- dian village in search of food. They First: That the Methodist Church of camped overnight and were murdered Brazil maintain an intense and vigorous by the Indians as they slept." campaign against all evils in order that the physicial, moral and intellectual EUROPE health of society may be protected. The Augsberg Confession and Foreign Second: That the Annual Conferences provide for the appointment of commit- Missions tees on temperance and social service in order that the campaign against alco- DURING the Four Hundredth Anholism, use of tobacco, profligacy, bad niversary celebrations attending living conditions, housing and hours of the commemoration of the Augsburg labor of the working classes, especially Confession in the city of its delivery, women and children working in shops a great historical pageant was held in and factories, be organized, planned and the streets of Augsburg on June 22. carried out. During its course the work of Prot- estant missions was made prominent Third: That the Methodist Church of in two places. The pageant was artis- Brazil, through the proper means, co- tically executed and reviewed the hisoperate with the public authorities and tory of Protestantism in Germany, beprivate organizations such as the League ginning with Luther's entrance into of Mental Hygiene, the Brazilian Tem- Augsburg for his defense against Caperance Union, the World League Against jetan in 1518 to present times. Alcoholism, in their efforts to stamp out the evils which 'affect our people. The first representation dealt with scenes from the life 'of Samuel Urls- Fourth: That the Methodist Church berger, the friend of August Herman of Brazil subscribe to the social creed Francke and the Father of the founder adopted by the Federal Council of of the German Christentumsgesell- Churches in America and that it can be schaft. The things for which he was printed in our new Discipline. celebrated in the pageant were his care of the orphans and his relief of Missionaries Murdered in Brazil the exiled Salzburgers that resulted in the establishment of Ebenezer Colony T WO American missionaries and the in Georgia. infant daughter of one of them were killed in an attack on an isolated The second motive in the pageant station near Juruena in the wilds of was to present the spread of the Augs- Brazil according to an As,sociated burg Confession in all the world. A Press dispatch to Alfred H. Vroom, gigantic globe, on which the countries treasurer of the Inland South Ameri- were marked in which there were Lucan Missionary Union. theran churches, was attended by marchers in the costumes of the sev- Probably the attack was perpetrated by Indians who are savages in that part of Brazil.

The missionaries killed are: Arthur S. Tylee, formerly of Worcester, Mass.; his two-year-old daughter and Miss Ethel Kratz, 26 years old, a reg-

era} countries and carrying the flags Christian staff. Rather than have 'Of the natiDns which they represented. larger SCh'ODls with several nDn-Chris- tian teachers, the size 'Of the schoDls French Protestant Missions shDuld be reduced. MissiDn activities which trade fDr prDfit may have seri- AT THE CDntinental MissiDnary 'Ous drawbacks and the L. M. S. has refused tD undertake respDnsibility 1"1 Conference recently, Direct'Or f'Or such w'Ork.

C'Ouve repDrted 'On the missiDnary It is admitted that prDbably tDD WDrk 'Of the French Pr'Otestant s'Ociety, many missi'Onaries live in urban areas, the Paris Missi'On. It has nine f'Or- since 80% 'Of the pe'Ople 'Of the East eign fields in Africa and the S'Outh live in villages. In China m'Ore than Seas manned by 260 missi'Onaries, 'One- 50% 'Of the SDciety's wDrkers live in third 'Of whDm are Swiss and Italians. f'Our great cities. In areas where Of the 'One milli'On French Pr'Otestants there ha.s been little respDnse, it may 100,000 supp'Ort the w'Ork 'Of missions be better tD cDncentrate effDrts where with an average annual contributi'On there is a shDrtage 'Of staff. Every 'Of abDut $16. There is ''One missi'Onary eff'Ort ShDUld be made tD see that the t'O every ten past'Ors in France. Great Christian church is nDt regarded as a demands are made in the educati'Onal foreign institutiDn. Everything shDuld • w'Ork at present. The natives are be done to encourage indigenous eager f'Or educatiDn and, 'On acc'Ount 'Of churches and self-suppDrt. Roman Cath'Olic and secular cDmpeti- tion, it is imperative that the quality "The BDard sh'Ould emphasize the of the sch'Ools be imprDved. In the impDrtance 'Of cheapness and simplicity CameroDns and in Madagascar the in the building 'Of missiDn institu- propaganda 'Of the Bolshevists has be- ti'Ons. Native church members feel CDme a menace. AnDther impDrtant mDre at hDme in simple buildings. WDrk is that 'Of cDunteracting the im- Ec'On'Omy is desirable in the cDnstruc- mDral literature which enters in floDds tiDn 'Of missionaries' hDuses." frDm France. There are attempts at self-gDvernment amDng the native ReinfDrcements are mDst needed in churches that are disturbing because India and China. NDne of the SDciety's they are cDming tDD ,goDn in the de- fields however ·sh'Ould be given up un- velDpment 'Of the Christian experience. less there is anDther sDciety willing and able tD carry 'On the work. The L. M. S. Survey The SDciety's first need 'Of all is fDr ACOMMITTEE set up by the £20,000 tD make incDme balance exist- LondDn Missionary SDciety two ing expenditure (which in 1929-30 years ago has made a survey 'Of its was £169,119). WDrk throughout the wDrld, and re- pDrts on present needs fDr men and Seen in Soviet Russia money. The C'Ommittee makes a criti- cal review 'Of the wDrk 'Of this society B ISHOP RaymDnd J. Wade appeals and pDints 'Out that great as are the t'O Meth'Odists tD rally in supp'Ort changes being wrDught in less-devel- 'Of the MethDdist Church work in 'Oped parts 'Of the w'Orld and amDng atheist Russia. ancient civilizatiDns by Western com- merce and industry, the impact 'Of new Bishop Wade, whD has recently ways 'Of th'Ought is creating even traveled in Russia, says: greater changes. In the East as in the West the challenge tD Christianity T'Dday Russia is a land 'Of strDng frDm a secular view 'Of life i$'..even cDntra.sts and strange contradictiDns. g~r!,~t> th~n . frDm 'Other r~ligiDns. Perhaps the first impressiDn upon .,til bfep01;ting 'On educatlOnal wDrk entering Russia is that 'Of the 'Old un- repaired, unpainted buildings, the e~h;W~s is"li:tid 'On the great need 'Of a primitive methDds, the dirt, the squa- lDr, patched 'Old clothes, big bDDts, etc. Nevertheless, in MDSCDW and vicinity are ,fDund new buildings, up-to-date

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

apartments for workers, modern fac- cording to a two-degree system, in the tories. first degree of which the suffrage will be universal; (5), Deputies must be The second impression is the mili- 30 years old and Senators 40; (6), tary aspect. Soldiers and officers are Parliamentary sessions shall last five everywhere. Of the twenty countries months; (7), the King has the power I visited, none gives you such an im- to dissolve Parliament and suspend pression of the dominance of the mili- sessions; (8), in legislative matters tary. Parliament has the last word; (9) , Islam is the religion of the State. The No country in the world is the vic- new electoral 'law gives voting power tim of such propaganda. Two chief to those capable of understanding the daily newspapers in Moscow represent significance of the right of suffrage the voice of the government; all other and its proper use. papers take their cue and their stories from this source. Everything is in- The main grounds for opposition to terpreted in terms of Soviet ideas. the new Constitution are that it re- duces the number of representatives The Soviet social theories imperil in the Chamber of Deputies from 230 the home as we know it and love it. to 150, with a proportionate reduction in the Senate, and gives the King prac- Sunday has been abolished. To be tically unlimited power in all branches seen going to church, if you are a of the government. The Wafd opposes worker for this government, subjects the electoral law because it abolishes you, if reported, to possible loss of job direct elections, imposing the two-deand perhaps to starvation through loss gree system instead. of the bread card. But people do go to church despite all this. Liberia Ends Slavery In Rus,sia atheism is alert and ram- T HE domestic slaVES of the native pant. Had there been in the past a tribes have been declared free by free, vital, humanity-serving Church, the Liberian Government, according to powerfully influential in Russia, the an official dispatch to the League of present condition would never have ob- Nations. Liberia also announces that taimid. it has abolished the system by which a tribesman pledged a member of his AFRICA family as security for a loan, and has ended forced recruiting for foreign New Constitution for Egypt labor contracts: ON OCTOBER 23, the new Con- The international inquiry commis- stitution for Egypt was put into sion found these forms of ,slavery still effect in the face of hostile demonstra- exi8ting in Liberia and this action is tion on the part of Mo,slem students. the result.

All the main streets and large Trouble in Kenya Colony squares of Cairo were heavily guarded by mounted police. The Wafdists I N THE Scotch Mission among the threaten "to make any sacrifice to pro- Kikuyu people there has been ditect the rights, liberty and independ- vision over an attempt of political agience of the people," which they con- tators to reintroduce heathen customs tend are trampled upon by the new in the Christian community. Those Constitution and electoral law. who would abandon the tribal cus- toms are stigmatized as traitors to The chief points of the Constitution patriotism. Among these customs is as revised are: (1), Egypt is a sover- the mutilation of girls when initiated eign State, free and independent; (2), into puberty. It results in a general the throne is hereditary to the de- deterioration of the moral nature and scendants of Mohammed Ali; (3), the such a physical weakening as to add Senate is to be composed of 100 member,s, sixty of whom will be appointed by the King, while the Chamber of Deputies is to consist of 150 elected members; (4), elections will be ac-

unnecessarily t'O the m'Ortality 'Of At the same time the Turkish aum'Others and infants in later life. The th'Orities have forbidden Turkish chilmembership of the church has been dren tD attend movies until after fifdecimated as a result 'Of this agitati'On teen years 'Of age, because of the c'Orand gr'Oups have started independent rupting character of these Americanchurches. Girls who have taken their manufactured movies. stand against the brutal and unclean ceremonies have been persecuted. Christ and Womanhood Some, while walking on the public highway, have been carried off against THE mag a z in e, Alam-i-Nesvan their will. (World of Women), printed re- cently an article by a young man who The Christian pastors and elders is a ,secretary of the Shah's court and have stood firm but some sch'Ools have who has written a number 'Of books. been deserted, and h'Ospitals have l'Ost His article was largely histDrical, dealpatronage. Dr. Irvine rep'Orts that ing with the position of women in so- "one great blessing has been a new ciety. He frankly stated that Jesus impetus t'O evangelistic w'Ork. The Christ had done more than anyone scho'Ol being S'O reduced it was resolved else to elevate womankind. The art'O close it and go throughout the vil- ticle was so significant as coming from lages preaching and healing. A band a MDslem that the Committee on Chrisof seventeen set 'Out with three tents tian Literature in Persia reprinted it tD visit the .northwest CDrner of the as a pamphlet.-Mrs. A. C. Boyce, area newly allocated to the Mission in Persia, in Women and Missions. the Meru district. The spirit of the camp was a joy, and it brought us Daughters of Damacus close together to be living, praying, tramping, preaching, together." SEVENTY years ago, Mrs. BDwen Thompson landed at Beirut, in or- WESTERN ASIA der to minister spiritual comfort to the distressed survivors of the MarD- Turkey Imitating America nite and 'Other communities, which had been decimated by fire and sword. T HE English language has been sug- What was intended as a temporary gested for use in Turkish scho'Ols, service became a permanent work, and superseding French. A friend 'Of was known later as the British Syrian Kemal Pasha and member of the Mission. Turkish parliament, Rafik Bey, says in the official paper Milliyet (quoted in The seventieth anniversary of the The Moslem World): "American civ- Mission was celebrated in London last ilization should be the foundati'On October. The hon'Orary General Secof our impr'Ovements. Imitati<)ll 'Of retary, Mr. J. D. Maitland-Kirwan, Eur'Ope is not g'Ood f'Or us. The Amer- stated that the majority of Syrians ican spirit 'Of initiative is just the op- are Mohammedans, with all the faposite t'O the spirit which has been naticism usually characteristic of taught us by 'Our dervishes and m'Ol- the followers of Islam. The Druzes lahs for centuries. We sh'Ould accept have many gDod qualities but are posthe American religion with all 'Our sess.ors of a peculiar and secret faith, heart, and knDw it as 'Our true religi'On, which aUows its devotees to make outfor the ideal of this religion is crea- ward prDfession of whatever religion tion and initiative. The God of an is dDminant around them. Roman American does not like people WhD, as Catholicism, also, is strongly enparasites, die on the ,streets from hun- trenched, and has sought to hinder ger but praises an individual who Gospel wDrk. In spite of such obworks and builds a palace fDr him- stacle,s, lives have been changed, and self." By the American religi'On Ra- c'Ompanies of believers united in felfik Bey pr'Obably means not Chris- lowship. tianity but the worship of ,success.

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

The principal stations of the Mis- armed they claim they will overcome sion are at Beirut, Damascus, Tyre, military power. The Government is Mount Lebanon, Mount Hermon, and going as far as any Government can Baalbec. The mission agencies in- be expected to g,o in refraining from clude a training college, schools, dis- the use of police or military power pensary work, industrial blind schools, even in the face of great provocation. in addition to ordinary evangelistic activities. The Bible is the chief text- We are particularly concerned with book, and from its inception the Mis- the picketing of educational institu'- sion, which is interdenominational, tions. Many of the colleges and unihas consistently sought to put first versities are being picketed by khadthings first. dar-clad, Gandhi-capped, national-flag- waving groups. If teachers and stu- INDIA AND BURMA dents stand for their rights and suc- ceed in breaking through the cordon Present Disturbances in India at the gate they are called traitors. If a teacher and a few students reach I T IS difficult to give a true picture a classroom, the picketers can easily of India. Rev,olution is here. Lord make enough noise to make a lecture Irwin is standing for the fulfillment inaudible. The majority of the stuof the pledges regarding responsible dents around Allahabad really want to government and Dominion Status. go 'on with their studies. Police pro- There is a group in England who still tection would probably be of no use look upon India as subordinate. The because public opinion is so strong India that can be forced into sub- against it and because the social boymis,sion is a thing of the past. Her cott is applied so rigorously to those temper today is that of men who have who call in the police. In one local made up their minds to be free and school the manager insisted on his who are prepared to pay the price, rights as a free Indian. The school with their lives, if need be. The force records and furniture were burned and that she uses today-for force it is- he was lucky to escape with his life. is the unarmed bodies of Indians. The students of the Allahabad Agri- When a mail train is ready to start cultural Institute have been greatly exfrom a station, it may see 200 to 300 cited, but except for one day have atkhadder-clad figures prostrate on the tended to their work. Several Univerpermanent way. Should the driver sity students have applied to take, spestart the train and run over them, it cial courses in practical farming and would add numbers to the movement. dairying while the University is forc- The chances are that the holding up ibly closed. I can give no guarantee of trains will become common practice. as to how long we can keep open, but Many are anxious to become martyrs. they reply the Congress has decided The aim of Mr. Gandhi's followers that we will not be closed, that "the seems to be to make all public business Institute is a nation-building instituand government impos,sible, as well as tion."-Dr. Sam Higginbottom, Allaprivate business of which they do not habad. approve. British goods are being boycotted. Indian mill owners and mer- Away with Purdah! chants have been financially ruined, often against their wishe,s, and many FOLLOWERS of Mahatma Gandhi thousands have been thrown out of in 'his civil disobedience campaign work. Social boycott is applied to proclaimed recently that "purdah," the those who do not obey the picketers- seclusion of women, is doomed, since personal services are withdrawn and women have entered into the struggle food supply is cut off. They claim for independence. They exulted in the that their policy, if carried out for a fact that Indian women, who fur censufficiently long time, will make gov- turies preferred the seclusion of their ernment impossible. Even though un- homes, have received a new world

status from the Simon commission, been a comparatively easy task to save which t()ok particular cognizance of a few thousand Christians, but when women's part in the struggle. you come to deal with the surr'Ound- ing millions only one here and there Gandhi's subalterns issued the fol- can be saved. lowing appeal: These famines are preventable. If "Away with ancient purdah! Come a hundredth part of the money wasted out of the kitchens quick! Fling the in civil war were applied to irrigapots and pans rattling into corners! tion schemes, these plains would be Tear the cloth from your eyes, and insured against famines. Meantime, see the new world! Let your hus- it must wait, perhaps for decades, till bands and brothers cook for them- a stable government is established and selves. There is much work to be an enlightened public spirit created. done to make India a nation!" Irrigation is Shensi's urgent need. Improved communications with the CHINA rest 'Of China W'Ould also help, for the relief societies have found transP'Ort Dangers in China their greatest obstacle.

T HE New York Times of November The soldiers and bandits ruthlessly 11 reported that all Americans, expl'Oit the people. When one 'Of 'Our other tlw,n missionaries, in Kiang,si missi'Onaries first came to Shensi and Honan had begun to evacuate twenty-five years ag'O there were n'Ot those provinces, fearing the rapid one th'Ousand soldiers in the whole spread of communism. province. Now we have three hun- dred thousand under arms. Carts, Kiangsi is the worst afflicted of all animals and men are conscripted withthe provinces, and except for a small out compensation, just when they are zone surrounding Nanchang, the cap- needed most on the fields, and trade ioB ital, that province is overrun by Com- strangled. Just before this famine bemunists or bandits. In September and fell Shensi, the military seized the October more than 2,500 Chinese in granaries in which reserves were Kiangsi were murdered by Reds and stored against bad seasons, confiscated more than 10,000 were kidnapped and all the grain, and carried it off for the held for ransom. use of the army.

A letter received at Catholic head- M'Ost of China's ills are man-made, quarters in Kiukiang from the Rev. and could be eliminated if 'Only her Father Thieffry, held captive with rulers made the welfare 'of her people thirteen other Catholic missionaries their first and chief concern.-E. W. by Communists at Kian, Kiangsi Prov- Burt, M.A. (B.M.S. China Secretary) ince, said the missionaries would be in World Dominion. released on payment of $200,000 Mexican [about $65,0001 Razing Mission Schools Six American, two British and four DR. WILLIAM C. WHITE, Angli- German mis,sionaries t l' a p p e d in can bish'OP of Honan, who had Kwangchow, Honan Province, China, 'Ordered the buildings of all schools of were unable to leave because of the his mission torn down "to prevent danger from Communist forces, and their falling into unfriendly hands," the American Oonsul General, F. D. gave the 'Orders after consultation with Lockhart, asked that an effort be made his mission in Canada. He gives the to bring them out by airplane. following reasons for his action: 1. Mission middle schools were estab- Christians, Soldiers, Bandits and lished to provide education in a Chris- tian environment. Government regu- Famine lations make this objective impossible. 2. It would be a breach of faith to use THE Chinese Christians are the salt of the earth, and we cannot be too thankful that most of them have been ,saved in the famine by the kindness of Christian friends at home. It has

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

such equipment for secular educa- rather a motley looking class in their tional work without the consent of working clothes and with the signs donors. 3. However, ill-advised such of honest toil on hands and faces as a (government) policy may be, the they come from work with masons, government has a legal right to is,sue carpenters, plumbers, electricians. In such regulations. 4. Empty buildings the shade of the building or of a tree, are a heavy liability. It is almost im- seated on piles of sand, bricks, or possible to prevent their occupation by stone, the class in building construc- the military or government bureaus.. tion is conducted, using as the text- For these reasons various mission book the structure beside them just school buildings have been pulled being erected.

down and rebuilt for different use in The students are taught to apply other locatIons. The bishop concl)ldes Christianity to their task-s, and thus his statement thus: "I am strongly of to make Christianity practical. There the opinion that for the interior .of is a shop evangelist and both he and China the church will not lose by re- the Christian students have wide op- linquishing mission schools, but will portunity to do personal Christian gain. . . . Our chief concern in an work among other workmen. When I educational line must now be, first, the was in Peiping, Mr. Dean was in the education 'of the children of Christians famine district with a number of his in a Christian environment; second, staff, foremen and students, superin- the special training of Church leaders; tending the work of a thousand men and, third, more systematic religious constructing a canal 42 miles long and education of the Christian constitu- 90 feet wide, to connect the Yellow ency. and Black Rivers, and to irrigate with its laterals a thousand square miles of Character Training in M i 8 8 ion land. Five thousand workmen were Schools engaged on the job, which serves three AUNIQUE piece of character-train- purposes – employment to famine- ing is being done by Mr. Samuel stricken people, irrigation of an area Dean, of the Presbyterian Mission in that will later be productive, and use the North China School of Engineer- of water that would otherwise cause ing Practice. An applicant must have flood in the lower course of the Yellow a good grounding in science, mathe- River.-Rev. George H. TrulL matics, English and Chinese and should be a Christian. He must be Shall We Withdraw Fron> China? ready to do hard manual work and to learn how to assume responsibility. T HE Rev. Victor Swenson, mission- He must be intere-sted in service to his ary of the Augustana Lutheran fellow men. "We want," says Mr. Synod, writes from China: Dean, "to make of them practical men, I believe anyone called of God, able who will not bend or break under pres- to learn a foreign language, and in ent hard Chinese conditions, but who good health, should be sent out as soon will go forward in spite of trouble. as possible. It takes time to prepare We wish to produce Christians of for the work even after you have ar- granite and steel and for this purpose rived. Mi.ssionaries may be in danger we choose boys who have that sort of on Kikungshan, but they are not in as material in them and work it up in the serious danger as we were right here fire of hard work." in Hsuchow a few days ago. Robbers Much of the class work instruction were shooting and killing and burning is given in connection with some job like mad beasts only a few miles away.

of construction. Word is sent to the We could hear the large and small technical students working on differ- guns thunder in the distance. But it ent jobs throughout the city to as- is not worse for us than for other semble at a particular place. They are missionaries. The China Inland Mi-s-

sion is sending out one company after meeting, a morning Bible study, aftanother. ernoon preaching from house to house, and evening service. "At five in the He also writes that, "the tent bands morning and often earlier still, Mr. have been bUllY scattering the Gospel Kim, the evangelist, was there surseed. The robbers have been very bad rounded by those eager to pray. At at times in certain places. When they six the regular prayer-meetings began. get furious, the tent workers move to This daybreak gathering numbered 1,- another place. There are plenty of 200 or more and at the closing meeting towns and villages tliat need to be a thank offering provided Yen 600 to given the Gospel-thousands upon send an evangelist to some needy field. thousands of them. By God's grace During the morning, after an hour they are going to have a chance to with college or academy boys, Mr. Kim hear and accept or reject the mes- conducted a two-hour Bible class with sage." an attendance of 800 or 900, using the book of Romans as a basis for study." JAPAN-CHOSE,N One building would not hold the eve- ning gatherings so two large churches Christmas in Japan were used and both auditoriums were filled. There were more than 900 of J APANESE people, who love festal personally led new believers who de- days and gay deoorations, easily clared themselves. All this happened adopt the picturesque customs of in one city. The word received from Christmas season, even though they the country was also "most encouragknow nothing of its real significance. ing. The eff'Ort is being made to have Merchants offer Christmas presents every church in the territory join in and decorations for sale. Decorated and already the response has gone be- Christmas trees and small Santa yond all expectations. Prayer for the Clauses appear in store windows. One work should be most earnest and conenterprising restaurant owner heard stant. All Christians are asked to of turkeys and plum puddings which choose and pray for three unbelieving grace Christmas tables, and advertised friends. Many are responding and the "an American Christmas dinner, movement is going forward." served December 25, 26 and 27." Oooperation in Seoul I longed to give not only the Christians, but all the people of the city, FRIENDS of Ewha College, Seoul, high and low alike, the message of the ~orea, will rejoice in the entrance Christ Child. Through the city W. C. of the third cooperating mission board T. U., we arranged a Christmas pa- into its work. The United Church of geant in the city auditorium. It was Canada has made an appropriation for unique in the history of Kanazawa, 1931 for the Home Economics Departbut the patience and perseverance and ment, assuring the continuance of this long hours of rehearsal were repaid. much needed service. All the cast entered into the spirit of the day. The audience was deeply The cooperation of this church moved, and some said afterwards, "It changes Ewha College from an allwas 80 beautiful that we wept."-M1's. Methodist (Northern and Southern) M. A. Tremaine, Japan, in Women and college into a union college, broaden- Missions. ing its appeal t'O those outside of Methodist circles. This help is par- A Revival in Chosen ticularly appreciated now when the college is raising $450,000 for new THE story of an evangelistic effort buildings. Almost $200,000 of this in the Presbyterian field in Pyeng- amount is already in sight.-W'Onwn's yang under the leadership of a Korean Missionary Friend. evangelist is enheartening. The daily program included a daybreak prayer-

WORTH

Any books mentioned in theBe columm will be forwarded b'/l 'Us on receipt of price.-TBE REVIEW.

Behind Mud Walls. By Charlotte Viall puzzles, diagrams, poems, stories with- Wiser and William H. Wiser. Illus. out words, buried names and other 8 vo. $1.50. Richard R. Smith. New devices will catch and hold the inter- York. est of children as well as the stories, several of which are fascinating as For five yea:r.s Mr. and Mrs. Wiser they are educational and inspiring. and their two boys lived much of the Here is an excellent gift for children time in a tent just outside of an Indian of six to twelve years of age. village near Mainpuri, studying the life and pvoblems of the people, learn- The Fight for Peace. By Devere Allen. ing to know them and winning their 8 vo. 740 pp. $5.00. Macmillan, friendship. This illuminating and New York. well-drawn picture of Indian village life is the result. The mis,sionaries "Fight" is a rather belligerent term endured many privations as to com- for an avowed pacifist to use in disfort, and at first were met with sus- cussing peace, but he has good spiritpICIOn. They overcame obstacles by ual precedent for it. Although only 39 their spirit of friendliness. The story years of age, he has been active and of how they did it and what they found influential in the movement against out about the men, the women, the war for more than twelve years, servchildren and the animals, is a fasci- ing as an officer or director in several nating narrative. It reveals not only peace organizations, and writing the difficulties of changing the life of voluminously for newspapers and Indian villagers, but suggests how this magazines, including The World Tomay be done by Christian tact, con- movrow of which he is the editor. In tact and patience. There is no better this volume, he goes deeply into the light on Indian village life for this subject in which his heart is so warmvolume is the outgrowth of personal ly enlisted. Scores of books deal with experience. The closing question is specific phases of the peace movement, one that we may all ask ourselves, but this monumental work covers its "Can we who have been permitted to entire history as no other book does. know the needs of the men and women, It gives an exhaustive account of the the youth and babies, and the animals various peace movements since 1815, of the village, 'pass by on the other surveys of the present day peace acside' and forget 1" tivities of societies, churches and labor 'organizations, the history of arbitra- Lands Across the Sea. 8 vo. 154 pp. tion treaties, world courts, the League 28 6d. Church Missionary Society, of Nations, Locarno, etc., arguments London. 1930. for the fundamental grounds of peace, Missionary life is full of adventure and rebuttal of contentions against the and incidents that are of interest to possibility of putting an end to war.

young people. This volume gather-s All this is thoroughly documented, the for children at home, the stories, references alone filling 15 closely rhymes, puzzles and games related to printed pages. Five appendices in- children in foreign lands. There are elude a chr-onological table of 252 wars also clever sketches and very attractive since 1792, and a full index makes the colored pictures that make the book vast store of material readily available interesting. The games, cross word for reference. It i,s a massive work, 77

not to be lightly read but thoughtfully nesburg. Here we see a backward peo- studied and used as a source book for ple bursting into civilization over a long time to come. Advocates of night, displaying qualities of leader- peace will here find an abundance of ship, and self-assertiveness, and com- facts and arguments in support of ing at once into sharp conflict with their position. A. J. B. the entrenched white races. And this D. L. Moody. By William R. Moody. 556 book tells the fascinating story of what is happening. Mr. Phillips has pp. IUus., $3.50. Macmillan Co. New resided as a missionary for twelve York. years in the midst of this environ- memo He not only has an intimate The son has given the world the knowledge of the people, but a deep sympathy for their suffering and faith fullest and most satisfactory life of in their future. He, therefore, speaks with authority and conviction on the his. father that has yet appeared, en- racial problem and the new task of the Christian Church. "The old ablmg the reader to know in his man- heathenism," he says, "is no joke. It's the most hopeless, deadening, damifold activities the greatest evangelist nable kind of life that mankind has evolved for itself. It's written plainly of the Christian world. We see the on the cruel, brazen, inhuman faces of millions who have reached middle age. lad at work and his ambitions for African heathenism is hell!" But the old religion is passing. The rapid wealth, looking to a maximum of changes, economic and social, cause severe strain in every department of $100,000 and gaining an income of native life. The future relationship of black and white is shrouded in mist. over $5,000 a year, won by Kimball to The only light that shines clearly is the light of the Gospel. Three hunhis Saviour and still later by two dred thousand men are drilling and blasting rock containing the yellow godly women· to the fulness of life and stuff, which ,seems to be the white man's god. The Gospel is the only unparalleled usefulness. His labors message that can get over the color line, and across the chasm of misuncovered all important cities in the derstanding. The book is interesting reading and in an appendix we have United States, Great Britain, Scotland the official statement of the Jerusalem Council Meeting on Race Relations. and Ireland, where he was heard by This is the program that challenges the churches of South Africa. uncounted millions, while printed re- S. M. ZWEMER. ports of his sermons were eagerly read by other millions. True converts num- bered untold hundreds of thousands and thousands were won as Christian workers.

That a self-educated man should have overcome the prejudices of high- browed students of Oxford, Cam- bri.dge, Edinburgh, Harvard, Yale and Prmceton and held spellbound scores of student conference,s is a wonderful story set fomh meticulously and faith- fully, and simply proves what a mloavn~ wholly given to God and full of for his fellow men, can do for the world, in sixty-two years of life.

When "Earth recedes; Heaven opens before me; G<ld is calling me and 1 must go"-"up and off" he had once Sindiga the Savage. By Eric A. Beavon. called it. Heaven was enriched by an 291 pp. $2. Harpers. New York. unequalled Christian laborer of the twentieth century. The subtitle is "A Tale of the Wilds," and the book justifies it. The HARLAN P. BEACH. author calls it "the first -East African Th~ Bantu !,re Coming. By Ray E. Phil- romance to be written in which the lIps. Rlc~ard R. Smith, Inc. New leading characters are natives of York. PrIce $2.00. 238 pp. Africa, and white people merely fig- The race problem in South Africa ures in the background." The old is nowhere more acute than in Johan- Africa is rapidly changing under the

BOOKS WORTH READING

influences that western nations are nized as an authority on India. In bringing to bear in a vast continent, this volume he gives the history of ten-elevenths of which are ruled by India agitation for self-government, European governments, or as in South culminating in the present revolt un- Africa, by men of European ancestry. der Gandhi, a thoughtful analysis of This story of a primitive tribe before India's problem, and his reasons for and after the white men came is well believing that dominion status in and vividly told. It is interesting as the British Empire is the only practi- a romance and incidentally valuable cable solution of this difficult problem.

for its account of an aboriginal life There are two maps, seven full-page that still exists but is destined soon portraits of outstanding personalities to pass away. A. J. B. from Clive to Gandhi, a chronological table ·of political events, and a copious Christians in China Before the Year 1550. index. It is a volume of first rate By A. C. Moule. 293 pp. 15s. Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge. importance. A. B. J. London. (Macmillan. New York.) The Case for India. By John S. Hoyland. Scores of books describe modern 173 pp. $2. Dutton. New York.

missions in China from the arrival of This volume is highly recommended the first Protestant missionary, Robert both f.or its content and for the Morrison, in 1807; but most of them thoroughly Christian spirit in which either say nothing about Christianity it is written. The author knows and in China prior to that date or give loves India, having served ilfteen only a scanty 'outline of it in a pre- years, in touch at different times with liminary chapter. This volume is the students, educated classes, villagers first one to present a full historical and industrialists.

account of Christians who were in The first part describes the growth that great country in the early and of the nationalistic feeling, the in- middle ages of the Christian era, and fluence of Gandhi, the two dominant to give in an English translation the religions (Hinduism and Islam), and actual words of the original authori- gives an appraisal of the British sys- ties, with necessary references and tem in India. It is the second part explanations in footnotes. The author of the book that readers will most has 'opened up to the English readers value, for here the author frankly a realm hitherto imperfectly explored tells us what is in the Indian's mind- and almo,st wholly unknown to the how he looks at the West, at India, at churches of today. We are inclined Swaraj, at religion, and at the future.

to think that the book will long be The reader will be impressed with the recognized as a classic authority in contrast of culture between India and its special field. There are many il- the West, and is grateful for this lustrations, a table of important dates, sympathetic insight into the inner life and a complete index. A. J. B. of India. D. J. F.

Reconstructing India. By Ed war d A Study of the Student Home of China. Thompson. 404 pp. $4. Dial Press. By Ava B. Milam. 98 pp. Bureau of New York. Publications of Teachers College, Co- One who desires an intelligent, ju- lumbia University. New York.

dicious and authoritative account of Five months of personal observation the situation in India-and who does of ·schools and student homes in Eastnot ?-will find it in this volume. The ern China together with collated reauthor knows his subject thoroughly plies to a questionnaire concerning the and at fir,st hand. He lived in India lives of 1,270 families form the basis as a child, was for a dozen years pro- for a SY8tem of home economics for fessor in a college in Bengal, and is China's schools. The book affords innow lecturer in Bengali at Oxford timate and interesting details as to University. He is everywhere recog-

the Chinese family, its standards of calendars for the year 1931 with ap- living, health conditions, the patriar- propriate daily Scripture texts.

chal system, child training, marriage, servants, etc. It concludes with a BRIEF MENTION chapter on China's need for the train- Junior Stewards of the Bible, by Helen Kinsbury Wallace, Field Speing of men as well as women in home cialist in the Stewardship Department of the Northern Baptist Convention, economics. Conferences held during is justly commended by Dr. David Mc- Conaughy as a book effectively pre- Dean Milam's sojourn in China to- senting to young people the lesson that our whole life is a sacred trust to be gether with other influences have led used in a working partnership with Christ. (Revell. 75c.) not merely to the establishment of a The Turn Toward Peace, by Flor- Department ·of Home Economics at ence Brewer Boeckel, is one of the best of the recent books on inter- Yenching University, but also to a re- national peace and friendship, by the Education Director of The National quirement by the Ministry of Edu- cation that the subject be taught in all middle schools for girls. Dr. T.

T. Lew in an Introductory commends the book as scholarly and meeting a need of the "changing 'changless'

Chinese family." C. H. FENN.

BOOKS FOR YOUNG PEOPLE Council for Prevention of War. It is just the book for individuals, <:lasses The following attractive books for and clubs that desire a sane discussion of war and peace. (Friendship Press. young people are on our desk: Two are from the Penn Publishing Cloth, $1; paper, GOc.) Co., Philadelphia: Toni of Grand Isle, Community Religion and the De- by Nelia Gardner White, ($2) and nominational Heritage, by J. R. Har- Wild Wind, by Temple Bailey ($2). greaves, Dr. Robert A. Ash, of the One is from the publishing house of Baptist Church; Dr. Albert W. Palm- Richard R. Smith, New York-Hands er, of the Congregational; Dr. Win- Around the World, by Archer Wallace, fred Ernest Garritson, of the Dis- ($1) and one from the Church Mis- ciples; Prof. Howard C. Robbins, of sionary Society, London-Tales of the Protestant Episcopal; Dr. War- India, contributed by five writers from ren Sweet, of the Methodist, and Dr. personal observation and experience. John T. McNeil, of the University of Eight are from the publishing house Chicago. These names are a guaranty of Pickering and Inglis, London, as of the excellence of this little book which discusses a pre·sent-day prob- t follows: Old Chickweed, (2s.) by E. A. lem of major importance. (Harpers. Bland; Norah's Victory, (2s. 6d.) by $1.00.) L. A. Barter-Snow; Ursula, (2s. Gd.) Rainbow Missionary Stories, by also by L. A. Barter-Snow; Briny's Stella M. Rudy is a collection of Hoy, (ls. Gd.) by Lily Watson; charming stories from true life, ad- Through Brazilian Jung/elands with mirably adopted to interest children the Book, (3s. Gd.) by F. C. Glass; in missionary work, written by a wom- Henry Martyn of Persia, (2s) by Jes- an who has spent years in China, who sie Page; David Elliott, (28.) by E. is affectionately known to children as Everett Green; and "Ma" The Her- "Aunt Stella," and who knows how to oine of Calabar, a biography of Mary tell a story in a captivating way. So Slessor, by Esther E. Enoch (ls.) competent a judge as Emily M. Schlu- All of these books are illustrated ensen, head of the Department of and will be of interest not only to School Management of the New York young people but to their elders. Training School for Teachers, com- Pickering and Inglis have also is- mends this book in an Introduction.

sued a handsomely illustrated series of (Revell. $1.50.)

The Missionary Review of the World — 1930 Index

MISSIONAR Y

REVIEW of the WORLD Founded In 1878 by Edltor-In-Chlef, 1888 to 1911 ROYAL G. WILDER ARTHUR T. PIERSON January to 1Jecember, 1930 VOLUME FIFTY-THREE EDITOR DELAVAN L. PIERSON ARTHUR J. BROWN, Editor for 1930 ASSOCIATE EDITORS Methods for Workers …•.••.•…•..•••.•.••.••………..•… MRS. F. 1. JOHNSON Home Mission Bulletin ••…..••..•….•…..••••…•.••..•.•• FLORENCE E. QUINLAN Foreign Mission Bulletin ……………………………….•.. FLORENCIE G. TYLER INTERDENOMINATIONAL EDITORIAL COUNCIL REV. A. R. BARTHOLOMEW, D.D. MRS. HEI"EN BARRETT MONTGOMERY REV. ENOCH F. BELL MRS. HENRY W. PEABODY REV. ARTHUR J. BROWN, D.D. FLORENCE E. QUINLAN FRANKLIN D. COGSWELL RUTH B. RULE REV. PAUL DE SCHWEINITZ, D.D. REV. WM. P. SCHELL, D.D.

MRS. JOHN FERGUSON REV. CHARLES H. SEARS, D.D.

R<EV. S. G. INMAN, D.D. MRS. E. H. SILVERTHORN MRS. F. 1. JOHNSON REV. F. C. STEPHENSON, M.D. REV. WM. R. KING, D.D. REV. JAY S. STOWELL REV. HENRY SMITH LEIPER REV. MILLS J. TAYLOR, D.D.

W:l.f. B. LIPPHARD FI,oRENCE G. TYLER REV. JOHN McDOWELL, D.D. JESSE R. WILSON REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D.D.

COPYRIGHTED, 1930-PUBLISHED BY THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, INO.

THIRD AND REILY STREETS, HARRISBURG, PA., AND 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK BOARD OF DIRECTORS RoBERT E. SPEER, President SAMUEL MCCREA CAVER'!' WM. 1. CHAMBERlLAIN, Vice·President WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer WM. BANCROFT HILL DELAVAN h PIERSON, Secreta,ry MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD WM. B. LIPPHARD HARLAN P. BEACH ERIC M. NORTH FLEMING H. REVELL 965 PHOTOGRAPHIC ILLUSTRATIONS Page Page Abel, Charles W … ', ………………………. 903 India-Village Meeting Near Ambala City .. 724 Africa-Fording a River, Missionary •… 351, 353 – Kabyle Girl and Little Brother ……….. 337 – Women's Village Meeting ……………… 427 – Travel by Bushcar ……………………. 350 Iraq-River Scene at Baghdad, Tigris ……. 327 Alaska-Preacher on SkUs ……………….. 37 – Presbyterian Church and Congregation at – Street Scene, Mosul ……………………. 329 ItalY-Waldensian Refuge at Luserno San Point Barrow ………………………… 35 – "Princeton" Spreading the Gospel …….. 39 Giovanni …………………………….. 569 Alaskan Boys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . 38 – Waldensian Synod Meeting House …….. 564 Algiers-Arab Reading to Illiterates ……… 168 Japan-Boys, Non-Christian ……………… 658 – Cast of Martyr Geronimo ……………… 169 – Children of ……………………………. 167 – Children's Playtime a t Neighborhood – Street Scene in Moslem Quarter of …….. 164 House ……………………………….. 644 All Nations Shall Come and Worship Before Kennedy, Mrs. John S. .. ………………… 666 Thee …………………………………. 8%4 American Indians, Missionaries to ……….. 61 Korea-Health Posters …………………… 452 Azariah, Bishop ………………………….. 267 – Prayer, Observing World Day of ………. 850 Bibles Circulated Hourly by N. Y. B. S….. 103 Burma-Judson College, "Willington Hall" • 125 Lel-Chuan, Wu, ChanceUor of Yenching …. 101 – – Memorial Church, Mandalay ……….. 19 Leper Colony, Sumatra, Dutch Mission ….. 756 Burnett, Floyd O. ………………………… 61 Lepers at Chiengmai, Siam ………………. 333 Carey, William, and the World Problem •… 773 China-Boat Population at Canton ………. 581 Mary at the Tomb ………………… : ……. 244 – Prayer, Observers of World Day of …… 852 Near East-Literature Distribution After – Yenching University and Dedication Village Meeting ……………………… 261 Scenes ……………………… 84, 99, 100, 101 Papuan-With Some, Children …………… 907 – – – Bashford Memorial Building …….. 99 Papuans-Bidding Farewell ………………. 905 – – – CamDus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 114 – Welcoming Party of-Years Ago ………. 904 – – – Procession to Religious Ceremony of Patterns for Pick-up Work ………………. 297 Dedication ……………………… 100 Philippines-Ellinwood Bible School Gradu- Ching, Ting Shu …………………………. 56 ates ………………………………….. 807 Council of Women for Home Missions, Offi- – Girl Graduates, Ellinwood Bible School .. 807 cers and Office Personnel …………. 378,379 – Silliman Institute on Parade ………….. 804 Day of Prayer Display, World …………… 299 Dewairy, Sheikh Metry, and Street Sunday – Street Scene, M.anila ………………….. 1104 Pierson, Delavan L. ……………………… 48 School, Cairo ………………………… 265 Display for Missionary Education ……….. 211 Porto Rico-Hospital at San Juan, Presby- Egypt-Child Welfare Clinic of American terian ……………………………….. 488 Mission, Cairo ……………………….. 263 Prayer Began, Where Week of …………… 404 – Sunday-school, Street …………………. 265 – World-wide Observance of Day of …… .. – Women Traveling in Cairo ……………. 262 Gift Envelope, Incense …………………… 134 …………………………… 850, 851, 852, 853 Greyearth, Isaac …………………………. 61 Ross. J. C. ……………………………….. 61 Haiti-House, Country …………………… 181 Rowland, A. Graham …………………….. 61 – Market Day, Cape Haitlen …………….. 177 Havana Congress Delegates ……………… 4 RusseU, Elizabeth ………………………… 132 Hinds, J. M. ……………………………… 61 India-Bull, Fakir and Sacred …………… 426 St. Nicholas of Myra …………………….. 214 – Bullock Cart in ………………………. 753 – Church, Village ……………………….. 729 Schaumer. Mrs. A. F. ……………………. 47 – Ewing ChristIan High School, Ludhlana. 424 – Fakir and Sacred BuU ………………… 426 Siam-Damrong, H. R. N. Prince ……… 331, 3a3a3a – Hindu Temple …………………………. 421 – Lepers at Chiengmai ………………….. – Hospital at Jhansi, Woman's Union Mis- – Missionaries, Itinerating ………………. 336 sion …………………………………. 724 Stuart. J. Leighton ………………………. 101 – Manual Training Class at Jhansi Boys' Sumatra-Leper Colony, Dutch Mission ….. 756 School ………………………………. 724 – Matriarchal House …………………….. 757 – Pierson, Mr. and Mrs. at Grave of L. B. – Weaving C lot h of Pineapple Fibre, Pierson ……………………………… 420 Women ………………………………. 324 – Pierson, Mr. and Mrs. D. L., on Elephant 521 – Prayer Began, Where Week of ………… 404 Trowbridge, Stephen, and Street Sunday- – – Observers of World Day of ……… 850, 853 – Scudder, Dr. Ida, and Nurses …………. 586 school. Cairo …………………………. 265 – Session. Native Church ……………….. 727 – Taj Mahal …………………………….. 428 Turkey-Alphabet. Learning New ………… 12 United States-Friends Peace Caravaners, American ……………………………. 191 – – Manual Training at Mitchell Home … 505 – – Mexican Home in Belvedere ………… 185 – – Migrant Center. Handwork Hour at … 491 – – Negro Home Economics Class ………. 506 – – Sunday School in Imperial Valley …. 187 Van Sickle. A. A. ………………………… 61 Vasquez, Marcelino, a Quiche Indian and Family ………………………………. 117 Waid, Eva Clark …………………………. 535 West Inniss-Chapel in Hills …………….. 515 – – Children ……………………………. 484 Wu. nr. Yi-Fang, President of Ginling Col- lege …………………………………. 899 AUTHORS Page Page Aggrey. J. E. K. …………………………. 368 Bisson, T. A……………………………… 683 Anderson, W. B………………………….. 726 Bowie, W. Russell ……………………….. 246 Austen, Nancy Virginia ………………….. 926 Bowman. Esther …………………………. 670 Austin, Mrs. P. H ………………………… 941 Bradford, Arthur H ………………………. 250 Axling, William ………………………….. 650 Braisted, Paul J ………………………. 411,731 Bartholomew, Allen R. …………………… 17 Brickman. Helen M……………………. 207,292 Barton, James L . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 922 Brooks, Charles A. .. …………………….. 499 Bennett, M. Katharine …………………… 24 Brooks, J. T ……………………………… 212 Beynon. Erdmann D ……………………… 738 Brown, Arthur J. .. ……….. .43, 103,416,429 885 Bingham, R. V …………………………… 865 Brown, George Williams ………………… : 362 966 Page Page Brown, William Adams ………………….. 839 Moore, John M…………………………… 618 Burgess, Paul ……………………………. 116 Morton, C. Manly ……………………….. 188 Butler, Clementina ………………………. 607 McConnell, Francis J …………………….. 8::.0 Calder, Helen B. .. ……………………….. 252 McCrae, Lee ……………………………… 518 Carter, Edward C………………………… 358 McKinney, Georgia H …………………….. 298 Carey, Otis ……………………………. .42,111 McLean, Robert N. .. …………………….. 183 Cavert, Samuel McCrea ………………….. 123 McWilliams, M. A………………………… 201 Chamberlain, Wm. 1. …………………….. 21 Mills, Edward Laird ……………………… 917 Chapin, Mrs. L. W. .. ……………………. 447 Newton, Joseph Fort.. …………… ……… 20 Chester, S. H. . …………………………… 600 Norwood, Robert …………………………. 674 Claypoole, Mrs. H. H. .. ………………….. 844 Odell, Edward A. .. ………………………. 512 Clopton, J. J ……………………………… 668 Oxenham, John ………………………….. 849 Cody, E. J ……………………………….. 575 Peabody, Mrs. Henry W. .. ………………. 369 Coleman, W. C…………………………… 526 Peale, Mrs. C. C. …………………………. 27 Cressman, N. M………………………….. 439 Peet, H. W ……………………………….. 602 Curtis, Anna L. .. ………………………… 191 Pierson, Delavan L. . ……………………… 0 ………… .. Damrong, H. R. H. Prince ………………. 331 D'Aubigne, Ch. Merle ……………………. 574 ….. 165, 258, 325, 420, 521, 585, 653, 753, 811, 903 Day, Muriel ., ……………………………. 503 Pierson, George P ………………………… 645 De Biois, Austen K. . …………………….. 247 Pinson, W. W ……………………………. 14 Denyes, John R. .. ……………………….. 342 Pleasant, D. G. .. ………………………… 212 de Schweinitz, Paul ……………………… 15 Pope, Howard W …………………………. 772 Detweiler, Charles S. . …………………… 177 Reherd, Herbert W ……………………….. 278 Dickinson, Emily ………………………… 619 Quinlan, Florence E… (Home Mission Bulletin) Dift'endorfer, Ralph E ………………..•. 255, 893 Quinlan, Florence E. .. …………………… 896 Dingman, Mrs. R. G. . ……………………. 855 Rice, Claton S. .. …………………………. 273 Dodd, Edwin M. …………………………. 356 Richards, George W. .. …………………… 838 Donaldson, Bessie Allen …………………. 142 Riggs, E. W. …………………….. ……… 11 Drach, George ……………………………. 523 Riggs, F. B. ……………………………… 284 Eddy, Brewer ……………………………. 256 Rittelmeyer, Friedrich …………………… 570 Eddy, Sherwood ………………………….. 266 Robbins, Joseph C. ………………………. 18 Edwards, John R ………………………… 13 Rogers, Mrs. Howard …………………….. 213 Emmert, R. E. .. …………………………. 210 Roseberry, R. S………………………….. 660 Engstrom, Mrs" W. W. . ………………….. 846 Rosenberger, Elma T …………………….. 451 Erdman, Charles R. .. ……………………. 405 Rush, Lettie Allan ……………………….. 846 Farber, Benjamin F. .. …………………… 663 Sailer, T. H. P …………………………… 455 Fenn, Courtenay H. ………………………. 85 Sandberg, Minnie V. ……………………… 20 Fleming, D. J. …………………………… 45 Scanlon, Warren B. .. ……………………. 349 Gardner, Katherine ………………………. 942 Schain, Josephine ………………………… 376 Garside, Frances L. ……………………… 595 Schell, W. P ……………………………… 257 Gleckler, Homer L. .. …………………….. 608 Scott, Hugh L. .. …………………………. 280 Goodell, Charles L. ………………………. 31 Short, H. H. .. ……………………………. 211 Graves, Frederick R. .. …………………… 818 Shotwell, James T . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 Gribble, Florence Newberry ……………… 440 Silverthorn, Katharine V. .. ……………… 455 Griffin, Pansy …………………………….. 844 Smith, Egbert W. ……………………….. 16 Guest, Edgar A. .. ……………………….. 295 Smith, Frank A. .. ……………………….. 255 Hall, Ada ………………………………… 452 Smith, Fred B. .. …………………………. 835 Hassell, A. P …………………………….. 657 Smith, Herbert Booth ……………………. 35 Hayne, Coe ………………………………. 347 Smith, James M. .. ………………………. 354 Hazlett, Mrs. S. M. ..~……………………. 213 Sockman, Ralph W. .. ……………………. 248 Hodge, Margaret E ……………………….. 253 Soper, Edmund D ………………………… 836 Hodgkin, Henry T. ………………………. 92 Soper, Laura De Witt ……………………. 51 Hoover, Herbert …………………..361, 527, 921 Speer, Robert E. …………………………. 7 Horne, Frank A. .. ……………………….. 250 Steimle, Augustus …………………………. 249 Hough, Mrs. S. S…………………………. 936 Stelzle, Charles ……………………….. 121, 833 Howell, Clarence V ………………………. 758 Stowell, Jay S. …………………………… 25 Hyde, A. A. .. …………………………….. 835 Strachan. Helen M………………………… 777 Inman, Samuel Guy ……………………… 509 Strong, W. E. ……………………………. 11 Twashita, George …………………………. 673 Stuart, J. Leighton ………………………. 98 Jefferson, Chas. E …………………….. 249,665 Taylor, Jay F ……………………………. 537 Jeffs, Harry ……………………………… 571 Thorne, Samuel ………………………….. 251 Johnson, Mrs. F. 1. ………………………. 254 Trull, George H. .. ……………. 578,664,740,805 Johnson, Mrs. F. 1. .. (Best Methods Department) Tyler, Florence G. .. …………………..538, 899 Johnston, Charles …………………………. 747 Tyler. Florence G… (Foreign Mission Bulletin) Jones, E. Stanley ………………………… 640 Van Dyke, Tertius ……………………….. 565 Judd, Mrs. Orrin R. ………………. 253, 458, 486 Van Slyke, L. P ………………………….. 822 Kagawa, Toyohiko ……………………….. 659 Warner, Franklin ……………………….. 251 Kerr, Hugh Thomson ………………….197,246 Warnshuls, A. L. .. …………………. 9,123,269 King, William R. ………………….. 23,406,886 Watson, Charles R ……………………….. 107 Knox, Mrs. De Witt ………………………. 262 Weddell, Sue …………………………..536,824 Kuhn Nellie E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 940 White, Charles L. ………………………… 29 Larse;', J. T ……………………………… 364 Latourette. Kenneth S……………………. 912 White, Flora Dell ……………………….. 297 Lee, Elizabeth M. .. ………………………. 337 Whittier, John Greenleaf ………………… 381 t~~~~:nJa~e~'J:':::::::: :::::::::::::::::::::::: i~~ Wfddoes, Howard W. .. ………………….. 437 Mayhew, Arthur T ……………………….. 732 Menzel, Emil W ………………………….. 745 Wilson, E. Graham ………………………. 493 Moffett, Thomas C. .. ……………………… 170 Montgomery, Andrew J. …… …………….. 26 Wilson, Warren H ……………………….. 590 Montgomery, Helen B…………………….. 694 Wood, John W …………………………… 245 Woodhull, Mrs. Schuyler C………………. 929 Wyckoff, Amelia …………………………. 598 Young, Owen D. . ………………………… 778 Zwemer, Samuel M. .. ……………………. 435 ARTICLES AND NEWS Page Page Abyssinla-R. V. Bingham ………..•……. 865 Afghanistan-Changes In …………………. 228 _ Empress Dies …………………………. 461 – Education in ………………………….. 389 _ Haile Selassle, Emperor ………………. 952 – Persian Christians Evangelize ………… 791 Adventist Liberality ……………………… 386 – Progress in ……………………………. 315

INDEX

Page Pays Africa-Agriculture, Sudan School of ……. 461 Argentina-College, American, at Buenos – Airships in Christian Service …………. 787 Aires ………………………………… 235 – American Board Jubilee ………….•…•• 553 – Protestantism in ………………………. 783 – Angola Jubilee ………………………… 866 – Revolution in ………………………….. 860 – Augustana Mission ……………………. 309 – Self-support in ………………………… 860 – Blessing in the Congo, Spiritual ………. 631 Armenia-Sunday-school Beginnings ……… 388 – Books In Native Languages, Prizes for … 310 Asia-Difllcult Field, Most, Delavan L. Pier- – Boys' Ambitions, Shepherd ……………. 309 son ………………………………….. 653 – Cambodia's Golden Book, N. M. Cressman 439 Augsburg Confession, Anniversary of •…… 624 – Camp Meeting in Angola ………………. 384 Australia, Inland ………………………… 68 – Christianity or Communism? ………….. 75 – Reunion Proclamation …………………. 701 – Christians, Practical, in West …………. 146 Balkans, Cooperation In …………………. 543 – Church Missionary Society Results in …. 76 Baltic States and Poland ………………… 544 — Communism or Christianity? ………….. 75 Baptist Foreign Mission Society, Joseph C. – Congo Brought Nearer ………………… 222 Robbins ……………………………… 18 – Cooperation Approved, International ….. 310 – – – – Women's, Minnie V. Sandberg … 20 – – Needed in South ……………………. 553 – Home Mission Society, Charles L. White. 29 – Crawford's, Dan, Legacy ………………. 383 – Meeting in Cleveland, Northern ……….. 634 – Doctor for Natal, Native ……………… 632 – World Alliance, Semi-Jubilee …………. 549 – East …………………………………… 787 Belgium-Christian Missionary Church Mis- – F'etichists, Habbe ……………………… 309 sion ………………………………….. 466 – Flight Planned, Missionary ……………. 221 – Exhibit, Mission ………………………. 308 – French Guinea, New Church in ……….. 552 Beloved of Siva, Erdmann D. Beynon ……. 738 – Hartzell Memorial Hospital Plans …….. 146 Bethlehem's Church of the Nativity, Nancy – Inquirers Held Baok ………………….. 788 Virginia Austen …………………….. 926 – lsoko Country, Missions in ……………. 462 Bible-Cambodia's Golden Book, N. M. – Isolated in Central, by a Missionary in Cressman ……………………………. 439 Rhodesia …………………………….. 350 – Did, What One ………………………… 703 – Jeanes Schools ………………………… 787 – Distribution in 1928 ……………………. 30 – Kabylia, Mission Work in …………….. 337 – Eliot's, John …………………………… 65 – – Missionaries to ……………………… 339 – Institute Colportage Association Report .. 225 – Languages, Suppressing Native ……….. 221 – Luzzi's Translation Into Italian ………. 597 – Life in, Missionary, by a Missionary …. 350 – Memorization Contest …………………. 384 – Livingstone, Links with ………………. 553 – New Needs for the Old Book, George Wm. – Madigas Revival ………………………. 787 Brown ……………………………….. 362 – Magna Charta for …………………….. 461 – Society, Work of American, George Wm. – Medical Missions, Why? Florence New- Brown ……………………………….. 362 berry Gribble ………………………… 440 – Study, Systematic …………………….. 68 – – Training for Blacks ………………… 310 – There It Stands: Responsive Reading .. 849 – Mission, East ………………………….. 147 Bibles for Battleships of Japan ………….. 73 – Missionaries on Donkeys ………………. 339 Books, About Religions, Arthur J. Brown .. 429 – Missionary Boats in …………………… 951 – Best Mission Study ……………………. 49 – Missions, General Smuts on …………… 367 – for Children and Young People Listed '" 558 – Negro Missionaries in …………………. 631 – – Readers' Course on Cause and Cure of – Nyasa Mission ………………………… 221 War ………………………………. 776 – Portuguese Colonies, Missions in ………. 222 – on Caribbean Neighbors ………………. 516 – Problems of the Black Continent ………. 310 – – China ………………………………. 125 – Religious Liberty In ………………….. 461 – – India, List of ……………………. 289 750 – – Missions for Young People …………. .' 375 – Remembrances in ……………………… 384 – – Religion, Increasing, Interest in, Arthur – Restrictions in Nigeria and East ………. 631 – Scientists Visit Moravian Station …….. 951 J. Brown ………………………….. 103 – Smuts, General, on Missions ………….. 367 – Summer Reading List …………………. 618 – Student Conference, Bantu ……………. 712 Boy Scouts' Anniversary …………………. 153 – Successful Union in Sierra Leone ……… 951 Braille, Transcribing …………………….. 707 – Sudan, Changes in Western, R. S. Rose- Brazil-Aviation in ………………………. 22 – Bible, Thirst for ……………………….. 465 berry ………………………………… 661) – Converts and the Bible, Blind …………. 465 – Suggestion From, Beautiful …………… 520 – Diamond Miners' Mission ……………… 235 – Swelled Heads, for Reducing ………….. 712 – Evangelism in …………………………. 465 – Foundations, Building …………………. 155 – Union Organized ………………………. 383 – Women in Uganda, Position of ……….. 711 – Instituto Christao …………………….. 550 – Zambesi Industrial Mission …………. , .. 145 – Sunday-school Union ………………….. 636 African Missionary Speaks of His Work …. 865 – Workers' Institutes ……………………. 155 – Y. W. C. A. in ………………………… 636 Agreements Necessary to Church Union? What ………………………………… 836 British Missionary Societies in Conference, H. W. Peet ………………………….. 602 Alaska-Experiences, Missionary …………. 789 – Hardships for Missionaries in ………… 789 Buddhism and Christianity, Reform ……… 151 – in France and England ……………….. 544 – Observations on Christian Work in, Herbert Booth Smith ……………………. 35 Buddhist Activity ………………………… 391 – Temple in London …………………….. 65 – School Clubs ………………………….. 869 Bulgarian Students' Plight ………………. 382 Algiers, Moslem, D. L. Pierson ………….. 167 Burma-Conference, Missionary ………….. 393 – Christian Endeavorers ………………… 306 America and the Chinese Famine, T. A. – Siam and Malaya, Seen and Heard in, Bisson ………………………………. 583 Delavan L. Pierson …………………. 753 – Missionary From, First, Otis Carey …… 42 Burmans Support Orphanage …………….. 156 American Board Missions, Significant Events in, W. E. Strong and E. W. Riggs…… 11 Butler, Smedley, on Missionaries ………… 419 American Indian, Books on ………………. 294 Call to Service …………………………… 387 – – Dictionary, Pueblo ………………….. 312 – What Constitutes a Missionary, Samuel M. Zwemer ………………………….. 435 – – Education, What Might Have Been and What Stm May Be, F. B. Riggs …… 284 Canada-Bible Memorization Contest …….. 384 – Bilingual Preachers, Call for …………. 311 – – National Indian Association Jubilee – Geese, MJs.sJonary WJld ……………….. 866 – Peace Movement in, Helen M. Strachan .. 777 Address, Hugh L. Scott …………… 281 – Prohibition and Women, Mrs. R. G. Ding- – – Revivals .. . .. .. .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. .. .. .. … 869 man ………………………………….. 855 – – Turtle Mountain, Hugh L. Scott ……. 281 – – Statistics …………………………… 857 – – with the ……………………………. 59 – youth at Toronto Convention on Reli- Andrews, C. F. .. …………………………. 628 gious Education ……………………… 790 Arabia and Iraq, Travel Letter from Dela- van L. Pierson ………………………. 325 Cancer with Knowledge, Fight, Mrs. Ella H. – Medical Missions ………………………. 544 Rigney ………………………………. 676 Page Page Center, Religion of the Christian, Charles A. China-Tradition Questioned •…………….. 625 Brooks …………………………….•.. 499 – Transition, Christian Movement in ……• 390 – War, High Cost of …………………….. 469 Ceylon-"Adoptlon" In ………………….•• 472 – Yale-in- ………………………………. 949 – Children's Week ••…………………….. 156 – Yenching University, Opening of, J. – Slavery in …………………………….. 472 – Work Among Incurables, Colombo …….. 392 Leighton Stuart ……………………… 98 – Youth In ………………………………. 306 China's Woe ……………………………… 862 Chautauqua, Missions at …………………. 539 Chinese Christians on Anti-Christian Move- Child Labor, Sunday …………•…………. 152 ment, George H. Trull ………………. 664 Chile Honors Mission Institution ………… 307 – Farmers Survey Facts ………………… 861 – Lutherans in ………………………….. 708 – Flock to Manchuria …………………… 703 – Santiago College ………………………. 235 – How Reds Prayed for …………………. 949 China and India, Chaos In ………………. 527 – Living Expenses ………………………. 861 – Anti-Christian Movement, Benefits of …. 547 – President Is Baptized as Christian ……. 949 – – – – Chinese Christian on …………. 664 – Puzzle: Glimpses of a Nation In Trans- – – – Sentiment in …………………….. 366 formation, Delavan L. Pierson ………. 811 – Anti-Foreign Feeling? Are Missionaries – Reds Behead Women Missionaries …….. 933 Responsible for ………………………. 130 – Women Are Doing, What Ting Shu Ching – Banditry ……………………………..•. 233 and, Katharine E. Vaughn …………… 56 – Bible Class in Shantung ………………. 625 Christ of the American Road, Charles L. – Books on ………………………………. 125 Goodell ……………………………… 31 – Brigands Active in Interior …………… 316 Christian Endeavor Berlin Meeting ………. 783 – Centenary of American' Protestant Mis- – – In U. S……………………………… 623 sions In, Kenneth S. Latourette ……… 912 Christianity, Mott Finds World Open to …. 622 – Chaos in ………………………………. 128 Christmas Message, A, Arthur J. Brown …. 885 – Chaplin Memorial Boat ……………….. 64 Church and the Masses ………………….. 841 – Cheng, C. Y. . …………………………. 780 – Criticisms of the ………………………. 763 – Chengtu ……… " ……………… " …. " 863 – Missionary Society and Lambeth Confer- – Child Welfare in ………………………• 316 ence …………………………………. 716 – – – Incorporated ……………….. , ….. 469 – – – London Congress of ……………… 792 – Christian Council Five-Year Program … 316 – of My Dreams, John M. Moore ………… (:18 Cities in Mission Fields, Big …………….. 683 – – Schools Forbidden to Exhibit Christian Literature .. " … , …………………. 949 Clark, Sidney, Missionary Enthusiast ……. 862 – – Literature 'society, Forty Years of the 470 College of Christian Education, Chicago .•.. 70 – – Movement Figures ………………….. 148 Colleges, Problem of Denominational …….. 682 – Christianity Despite Reds and Bandits … 862 Conference for Outgoing Missionaries ……. 605 – Clark Bonds …………………………… 862 – Naval …………………………………. 288 – Cold Wave Takes Toll ………………… 316 – – Memorial to ………………………… 303 – Colleges in Nanking, Two Christian …… 704 – of Orthodox Churches ………………… 314 – Convention, "Nourish Soul" …………… 65 – – Theological Seminaries, A. L. Warn- – Covenant, Church of Christ …•.•…•….. 317 shuis and S. M. Cavert …………… 123 – Ding, LI Mel, Stili Active ……………… 547 – on Cause and Cure of War, Fifth …….. 301 – Drouth-Resistant Grain and Famine Re- – Religious Press ……………………….. 224 lief ………………………………….. 148 Conferences. Interdenominational Mission- – Education, Mass ………………………. 548 ary, 1930 …………………………….. 203 – – Program for Higher ………………… 548 – Successful, Summer …………………… 858 – Factory, Christian …………………….. 548 Confucius, Rival, of S. H. Chester ……….. 600 – Family "Rich" with $100 a Year ………. 861 Congregational Council, International ……. 623 – Famine …………………………. 445,705,779 Congregationalism at Bournemouth, World, – – and America, T. A. Bisson ………….. 583 Fred B. Smith ………………………. 835 – – In Hunan …………………………… 862 Contributions, Adventist …………………. 386 – – Over Wide Area ……………………. 233 – Declined? W. C. Coleman ……………. 526 – – Relief ………………………………. 126 – – Why Have Missionary. A Symposium – Farmers Colonize, Chekiang …………… 547 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245,365 – General Visits Mission ………………… 626 Convention on Religious Education in To- – Health Work in West …………………. 699 – Home Missions ………………………… 234 ronto, Youth at ……………………… 790 – Hospital, William Porter ……………… 625 Cooperating in the West Indies, Samuel G. – Institute at Tsinanfu ………………….. 779 – Kidnapped Missionaries ……………….. 233 Inman ……………………………….. 509 – Lobenzeller Mission Grows ……………. 149 Cooperation in Christian Literature, A. L. – Methodist Bishops Gowdy and Wang Con- Warnshuis …………………………… 269 secrated ……………………………… 624 – – Ozarks ……………………………… 224 – Missionaries, Butler, Smedley, on ……… 419 – – Persia, Missionary ………………….. 635 – – in …………………………………… 390 Creed, Missionary ……………………….. 81 – – Wanted …………………………….. 626 Cuba-Public Works in ………………….. 784 – of 1929, Courtenay H. Fenn ……………. 85 Statistics …………………………………. 861 – Opinion, Further Steps Against ……….. 626 D. V. B. S. in Palestine ………………….. 63 – Opoortunities and Perils In, Henry T. Daily Vacation Bible Schools, International Hodgkin …………………………….. 92 Association …………………………… 859 – Peanuts Introduced by Missionary …….. 625 Daly, Sam, Saver of Little Black Souls, Lee – Pessimistic About ……………………… 767 – Population Problem …………………… 97 McCrae ……………………………… 518 – Prisoners, Cheer for …………………… 390 Day of Prayer Around the World, Visualiz- – Religion in Schools …………………… 233 – Religious Liberty Discussed …………… 469 ing the World ……………………….. 299 – – Status Since 1922 ……………………. 547 Deaths-A bel, Charles W …………………. 322 – Righteousness Loss Deplored ………….. 148 – Anderson, Charles P …………………… 242 – Roman Catholics in …………………… 779 – Andrew, George ……………………….. 402 – Sailing Peacefully on the Yangtze, George – Brockman, Frank M. ………………….. 3 – Brunhouse, Frederick C……. 2d cover, March H. Trull …….. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. . … 578 – Carter, George William ………………… 402 – Chamberlain. Mary Annesley ………….. 482 – Clark, Joseph ………………………….. 322 – School at Shuntefu, Girls' …………….. 780 – Const, William Henry ………………….. 82 – – New Public …………………………. 64 – Cooper. A. W ………………. 2d cover, March – Schools and Religion ………………….. 233 – Dale, Mary Bliss ………………………. 322 – – Registration of Christian, Frederick R. – Draper, Mrs. Walter …………………… 89.

Graves ……………………………. 818 – Eastman. Harriet N. .. ………………… 641 – Shantung. Heroic Service in ………….. 624 – Estey, Ethel M. .. ……………………… 322 – Slavery, Girl ………………………….. 148 – Ford. Katharine M. B. ………………… 799 – Slaves. Child ………………………….. 779 – Gauthey, Marie L. . ……….. 2d cover, March – Sun Yat Sen's Tomb, Exercises at …….. 704 – Harnam, Singh, Sir ……………………. 701 Page Page Deaths-Harrison, Mrs. Paul W. . ………… 482 Evangelism, Call to ………… " .. " ………. 444 – Heimburger, Mrs. Leroy F. ……………. 322 E-vents of 1929, Notable …………………… 6 – Henderson. James ……………………… 882 Events of 1929, Outstanding. A. L. Warnshuis 9 — Hurlbut, Jesse Lyman ………………… 799 "Every Day in Every Way," Frances L. Gar- – Johnson, Mrs. Luke …………………… 242 – Johnstone, Janet M……………………. 482 side ……………. " .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. … 595 – Kelley, George …………………………. 482 Faith and Order Committee Meet ………… 958 – Kennedy, Mrs. John S…………………. 666 Federal Council Execntive Committee An- – Kinney, Mary E-……………. 2d cover, March – Kinsolvlng, Lucien Lee ……. 2d cover, March nual Meeting, Charles Stelzle ………… 121 – Kugler, Anna S. .. …………………….. 799 "Fellowship of Prayer" ………………….. 312 – Kyle, Alice M. .. ……………………….. 641 Fifty Years, Veterans of ………………… 842 – Lawyer, Franklin Pierce ………………. 3 Foreign Mission Statistics ………………… 49 – Leverett, W. J ……………..2d cover March – – Study Number …………………… October – Lewis, Thomas …………………….. :…. 82 – Missions, Holy Spirit in, Arthur J. Brown 416 – – World Conditions Affecting, Ralph E. – Lowrie, James Walter ……… 2d cover, March – Manasseh, Antonius ……………………. 82 Dlffendorfer ……………………….. 893 – Matzat, William ………………………. 8()1 – – Year's Work of the Federation of – Ogden, James Clarence ……………….. : 3 Women's Boards of, Florence G. Tyler 899 – Partridge, Sidney Catlin ………………. 799 Forman, Charles, Tribute to, James J. Lucas 120 – Pedley, Hilton …………………………. 322 France-Buddhist Society in …………….. , 544 – Perry, Henry Thomas …………………. 322 – Changes in …………………………….. 309 – Pinson, Wm. WaShington ………………. 801 – Hospital, Mission ………………………. 66 – Riley, Edward Baxter …………………. 3 – – Work of South E·ast Mission ………… 224 – Scarlett, E. Yorke …………………….. 562 – McAll Mission …………………………. 610 – Schautller, Mrs. A. F ……… "…………. 47 – Protestant Foyer of Belleville, Paris ….. 544 – Schrag, Jonathan J. .. …………………. 8()1 – Seminary, Paris Protestant Theological … 544 – – – Theological ……………………….. 223 – Shipman, Herbert …….. " .. " …………. 402 – Woman Ordinated, First ……………….. 716 – SmIth, Mrs. Moses ……………….. " ….. 82 Friends Consider Union ……………. " ….. 275 – ~peicher, Jacob …………………………. 799 – Service Committee, American, Anna L. – pence, Frank H. ……………………… 82 – Spencer, Selden Palmer ……………….. 322 Curtis ……………………………….. 191 – Stevens, JohLl Egbert ………………….. 402 Friendship Bag, One ……………………… 144 – Stevenson, Marion Scott ………… " ….. 562 From New York to Cairo, Delavan L. Pierson 165 – Stubbs, John ………………………….. 801 Gairdner, Canon, of Cairo Memorial ……… 468 – Stubbs, Clifford …………………….. 562 641 Gandhi ……………………………………. 700 – Stucki, Jacob …………………………. .' 641 – Represent All India, Does? ……………. 935 – Thurber, Christopher ………………….. 482 Geese Missionary Wild …………………… 866 Germany-Call of Knights of St. John …… 620 – Uzaki, Kogoro …. " ………. "………… 402 – Mohammedans …………………………. 223 – Weinland, Wm. Henry ………………… : 322 – Moravian Meetings …………………….. 382 – White, Stanley …………… " …………. 242 – Religion in …………………………….. 874 – Wilson, Cynthia E. .. …….. " …………. 641 – Russian Refugees, Harboring …………. 382 – Wilson, William ………… " …………… 402 – Theologues Increasing …………………. 791 – Wyl!e, David Gourley ………………….. 799 Gifts for Religion Lead …………………… 782 Denommatlons Find Points of Agreement … 706 – Statistics for United States …………….. 782 Doctrine Necessary? Agreement on, Georg€ Gilbert Islands-Bible, Romance of ………. 874 Giving-See "Contributions." W. Richards …………………………. 838 – in 1929, Church ………………………… 469 Dutch East Indies ………………………… 875 – Rural U. S…………………………….. 462 Economy, Wrong …. " ……………………. 680 – Wanes, Protestant ……………….. " …. , 151 Ecumenical Council for Practical Cbristian- Great Britain-Dr. Mott's Conferences in …. 956 Greece-Athens School of Religion Graduates 308 ity …………………………………… 77 Guatemala-Bible in Cakchiquel ………….. 234 Education, International Council of ReligiOUS 705 – Vasquez, Marcelino, Paul Bnrgess ……… 116 – Me€ting, Religious …………………….. 384 – Volcanic Eruption ……………………… 117 – Youth and Missionary …………………. 139 Xaiti-Gonave Island Converted ……. :….. 68 F1ducational Commissions ………………… 230 – Gospel Mission ………………………… 236 Egypt-Drug Traffic ………………………. 388 – Tomorrow in, Charles S. Detweiler …….. 177 – EI Azhar, Modernizing ………………… 76 Harris, William Wade. of Liberia ………… 75 – Evangelical Church in …………………. 714 Hawaii-Easter in Honoluln, Warren B.

– Nile Mission Press Jubilee …………….. 461 Scanlon ………………………………. 349 – Protestants In …………………………. 871 – Methodists Extend Work in ……………. 70~ – Religious Freedom …………………….. 635 – Y. M. C. A. in Asslut …………………. 145 m – Missions in …………………………….. 958 Eliot's, John, Bible ……………………….. 65 Elmira College: Seventy-five Years of World Ha~k:: ~~:es w.r~~.:::::::::::::::::::::::::: Service, Esther Bowman …………….. 670 HIlI, John H., Missionary and Educator, E. E! Mundo Cristiano, Suspension of ………. 230 J. Cody " ………………….. " .. ,,",," 575 England-Buddhist Temple in London ……. 65 – Church Missionary Society London Con- History. Missionary-Colonial Missionary So- cieties and Their Work, Otis Cary …… 111 gress ………. "………………………. 792 – Lambeth Conference and C. M. S……… 716 Holy Spirit in Foreign Missions, Arthur J. – – – – South India ……………………. 765 Brown ……………………………….. 416 – – – Resolves …………….. " …………. 782 – Protest Against Russian Religious Perse- Home Mission Number …………… " …. " .July – Missionary-Standards for a New Day, cution ………………………………. " 308 – Unemployment ……………. " …………. 872 New, Muriel Day …. "" …. "" …. " …. 53 – Union, Methodist ………………………. 223 – – Work, Languages Used In …………… 492 English Missionary Notes …… " …………. 716 – Missions and Pentecost, William R. King 406 lilstonia-Women Together, Patriotism Pulls 620 – – Articles on ………………………….. 526 Europe-Churches, Help For ……………… 575 – – Congress of Church Leaders, Charles – Communism, Anti-Religions …………… 621 – Credit Association, Proposed Protestant " 716 Stelzle …………………………….. 833 – F.·conomic Conditions …………………… 792 – – – of North America ………………… 624 – Friends of Evangelical Christian Unity " 222 – – – Plans for .. " ……………………… 954 – Movements, New Evangelical ………….. 309 – – Council, Work of, Wm. R. King…….. 23 – Protestantism in, Harry Jeffs …………. 571 – – Glimpses of the Year in the Council of – TTnemployment ………………………… ; 621 Women for, Florence E. Quinlan ….. 896 – Unity, Friends of Evangelical Christian .. 222 – – Problems of, E. Graham Wilson …….. 493 – – Women in, Mrs. Orrin R . .Jndd …….. 486 – Youth of …………….. ", …. , ………… 872 – – Yesterdays In, William R. King' …….. 886 Hoppin. Jessie R., "Mother" of Marshall Islands ……………………………… , 546 Page Page How a College President Studied the Words India-Self-supporting Churches? Can Povof Christ …………………………….. 434 erty-Stricken Christians Develop, George Human Nature Be Changed? Can ………… 683 H. Trull …… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 74(1 Hungary, Religion in …………………….. 383 – Simon Commission Report …………. 675, 747 Hymn~See "Song." – Simon, Sir John, Reports on, Charles ~ ::Etern.al G?~: Whose Power Upholds" …. 529 Johnston …………………………….. 747 ~ Men III AIr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 296 – Swain, Clara A. . ………………………. 306 I Am the Mission Study Class ……………. 773 – Telegu Villages, National Missionary So- Iceland Parliament ……………………….. 546 ciety in ………………………………. 546 Income, Spiritual, M. A. McWilliams ……. 201 – Union Proposed in South, Arthur J. Brown 43 India and China, Chaos in ……………….. 527 – Unoccupied Field in ……………………. 546 ~ – Independence ……………………….. 229 – "Until" Meetings ………………………. 795 – Andrews, C. F. . ……………………….. 628 – What's Going On in Sub-Conscious, Emil – Appeal for Church of India, Burma and W. Menzel ……………………………. 745 Ceylon ……………………………….. 629 – Widows, Burning of ……………………. 471 – Bishop Timber in ………………………. 954 – Women, Education Compulsory for …….. 73 – Books on ……………………………. 289,750 – Women's Educational League………….. 74 – Building for Humanity ………………… 157 – Youth League ………………………….. 629 – Capital, New ………………………….. 794 Indian Version of 23d Psalm …………….. 892 – Caste System Curse, Example of ………. 795 Indians from the Rio Grande to Cape Horn, Thomas C. Moffett ……………………. 170 – Changing, What Is, Delavan L. Pierson .. …………………………………….521,585 – In the Americas, Facts on ……………… 783 – Chelliah, J. V., on ……………………… 701 Institute? What Is the Purpose of a Mis- – Child Marriage Bill ……………………. 156 sionary, J. H. P. Sailer ……..•….•.•• 455 International Congregational Council …….. 623 – Christ, Significant Force in, Paul J. – Missionary Council In 1929, A. L. Warn- Braisted ……………………………… 731 shuls …………………………………. 9 – Christian Influence on …………………. 701 – – Witnessing ………………………….• 870 Iraq and Arabia, Travel Letter from Delavan – Christianity a Faree Admitted …………. 305 L. Pierson …….• -••………… _. _. _•••… 325 – – Stands Third ………………………… 232 – Evangelism in Coffee Houses ………….. 464 – Christians Gather for Jattra …………… 870 – Independence, Treaty for ………………. 715 – Church Crisis, Village, C. H. Loehlin …. 736 – School for Girls ……………………….. 872 – – Story of a, W. B. Anderson ………… 726 Islamic Disintegration ……………………. 955 – Comparisons, .Some ……. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 545 Islands-Bali, Erdmann D. Beynon ………. 738 – Dehra Dun Girls' School ……………….. 232 – Boat, "John Williams V" ………………. 875 – Delhi, New Capital …………………….. 794 – Boats, Missionary ……………………… 875 – Education, Christian Higher …………… 393 – Convert and His Work ………………… 389 – – Mission, Arthur T. Mayhew …………. 732 – Devil's Isle, Grimmest Missionary Task .. 471 – Educational Commission to ……………. 700 – Kagawa in Loo Choo ………………….. 235 – – League of Women ……………..•…… 74 – Madeira ……………………………….. 471 – Rabaul Indentured Workers Have Church 702 – Forman Christian College Plans ……….. 954 – South Sea Youth Movement ……………. 546 – Gandhi …………………………………. 700 Italian, Bible Translated Into ……………. 597 – – and Indian Congress ………………… 231 Italy-Waldensian Church ………………66,467 – – Asks for Milk ……………………….. 231 – – Crown Prince Greets ………………… 622 – Government Problem …………………… 870 Japan and American Exlusion Act ……….. 70 – Harnam Singh, Sir …………………….. 701 – – Chosen, Movements in, John R. Ed- – Health Week in Chupra ……………….. 392 – Higginbottom, Sam, Decorated …………. 794 wards ……………….•………••••.•• 13 – Hindus and Pariahs Riot …………….. 545 – Anniversary of Missions, Seventieth …… 317 – Home Mission Society …………………. 157 – Bibles for Battleships of ………………. 73 – "Independenoe Day" …………………… 307 – Buddhist Activity …………………••…. 391 – Industrial Missionary Work ……………. 700 – Budget Cut Prevented …………………. 552 – Jones, Stanley, With, Paul J. Bralsted … 411 – Business Depression ……………………. 710 – Lambeth and South ……………………. 765 – Christianity, E.bisawa on ………………. 863 – Land oi Complexity, Delavan L. Pierson • 420 – – Reviewed ………………………..•…. 317 – Christianity's Seventieth Anniversary ….. 630 – Ludhiana Women's Christian Medical Center …………………………………… 231 – Church, Consecration of Beautiful …….. 709 – Lutheran Mission in ……………………. 74 – Commission on Higher Education ……… 950 – Lytton, Lord, on Missions in …………… 306 – Denton, Mary Florence, Honored •……… 864 – Madura Home Mission Society ……….•• 157 – Economic Facts from ………………….. 950 – Marriage Law, New ……………………. 869 – Gospel's Power ………………………… 226 – Martyn, Henry, School at Lahore ………. 794 – Growing Million a year ………………… 785 – Medical Survey ………………………… 305 – Hospital, St. Luke's International ……… 473 – – Women in …………………………… 306 – Kagawa Meetings ………………………. 710 – Methods Changing ……………………… 74 – Kagawa's Preaching …………………… 71 – Mission-or-Help to Older Churches … .472,545 – Kingdom of God Campaign, Wm. Axling . – Missionaries, Miss Mayo on ……………. 795 …………………………….. 72, 391, 551, 650 – – Praised .,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 871 – "Kingdom of God Weekly" …………….. 863 – Missions, Lord Lytton on ………………. 3oo – Lepers, Reaching ………………………. 71 – Moslem Activity ……………………….. 73 – Missions' Anniversary ………………….. 317 – Moslems Remain Loyal? Will ………… 795 – – Seventy Years' Growth ……………… 552 – "Mother India" Agitation Still Burning . 289 – Newspaper Evangelism …………….. 551,710 – Naldu, Mrs. Sarojini …………………… 629 – Oml Mission ……………………………. 227 – National Missionary Society …………… 393 – Research Institutes In China …………… 390 – – – – In Telegu Villages …………….. 546 – Rural Evangelization ………………….. 227 – Native Evangelical Society …………….. 157 – – Evangelizing, George P. Pierson ……. 645 – NawabganJ, Where Is ………………….. 546 – Seeding Sowing In ……………………… 473 – Officials Increase, Christian ………•….. 305 – Social Creed for ……………………….. 71 – Pariahs and Hindus Riot …………….•. 545 – Students, Christian E'ffort for ………….. 72 – Patients, Purdah ………………………. 231 – Tokyo, Growth of ………………………. 785 – Prayer, Call to …………………………• 725 – Transformation In a Factory ………….. 154 – Radium for Neyyoor Hospital ………….. 232 – Unemployment Insurance ………………. 629 – Rural Problems ……………………….. 545 – Unreached Millions ……………………. 226 – – Reconstruction In ………………….•. 947 – Vice on the Defensive ………………….. 473 – Santal Mission …………………………. 232 – "Sati" Not Yet Outlawed .•…………….. 471 – Women at Coronation ………………….. 630 – School Grant by Government, Mission …. 870 – – in International Affairs ……………… 473 – Workers, Relief for Night ……………… 227 Page Page Japanese Ethical Standards Compared with Marshall Isiands-Hoppin, Jessie R., "Moth- Christianity ………………………….. 391 er" of ………………………………… 546 – Pastor's Library ……………………….. 785 McAll Mission …………………………….. 610 – Road, Events on the, A. P. Hassell …….. 657 Medical Missions' Figures ………………… 230 Japan's Beneficence to China …………….. 390 – – Conference, Third Biennial, Edwin M. Jerusalem and the Temple ……………….. 314 – Bible, Toward Understanding tbe ……… 63 Dodd ………………………………. 356 Jewish Figures …………………………… 468 – – in Africa? Why, Florence Newberry Jews, Alliance of …………………………. 223 – Gospel for ……………………………… 76 Gribble ……………………………. 440 – Rural Trend of ………………………… 76 Meditation at Close of Day ……………….. 649 Jones, Stanley, in India, with, Paul J. Methodist Church in Mexico Organized, Braisted ……………………………… 411 Francis J. McConnell ………………… 820 Jugoslavia-"Minor!ty" Respected ……….. 65 Methodist Episcopal Church South, New – Reformation, to Commemorate ………… 383 Plan in, W. W. Pinson ………………. 14 Jugoslavian Church Stabilized ……………. 957 – – – Woman's Foreign Missionary Society Kennedy, Mrs. John S., Death of ………… 666 Koran Translated Into Turkish ………….. 791 Sixtieth Anniversary, Mrs. C. C. Peale 27 Korea and Japan, Movements in, John R. – – Home Missions and Church Extension, Edwards ……………………………… 13 Jay S. Stowell …………………….. 25 – Christian Activities ……………………. 786 Methods-"Absent Members' Meeting," Mrs. – – Progress ….. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 786 – College Fund Aided ……………………. 630 P. H. Austin …………………………. 941 – Farm Schools ………………………….. 392 – Africa-The Caribbeans and U. S., Clem- – Hospital, Tuberculosis …………………. 154 – Hostility Gives Way …………………… 552 entina Butler ………………………… 607 – Japan, Attitude Toward …………..•….. 710 – American Indian ………………………. 293 – Literature Society, Christian ……… .473, 864 – – – Girls, Helping American Girls to – Mission of a Mission …………………… 154 – Prayer Meetings, Daybreak ……………. 392 Understand, Helen M. Brickman ….. 292 – Significant Facts from …………………. 950 – – – Bringing Students Up-to-date on, – Tuberculosis, Checking ………………… 317 – – Sanatorium Recognized ……………… 630 Helen M. Brickman ……………….. 207 Kyle, Alice M.· ……………………………. 535 – Announcement, Telephone ……………… 55 Lands Where Women and God Are Veiled, – Assemblies, Florida Ohain of Missionary, Charles R. Watson …………………… 107 Mrs. Henry W. Peabody …………….. 369 Latin America-Awakening ………………. 948 – – Centennial of Bolivar ……………….. 948 – Bean Milk, How to Make ………………. 451 – – Evangelism in ………………………. 948 – Bible and Song Program Feature for – – Gift for Union College ………………. 946 – – Indian Facts ………………………… 783 Young People ………………………… 453 – – Spiritual Springtime in …………….. 62 – – What Is the …………………………. 613 Laymen's Inquiry Into Foreign Missions … 677 – Books Worth Having ………………….. 371 – Missionary Movement ………………….. 633 – "Cloud of Witnesses," How to Present.. 684, 844 Leadership Through Service, E. Stanley – Communion Service Around the World, Jones ………………………………… 640 Suurise ………………………………. 135 – Training, Joint Committee on, Sue Wed- – Devotional Service …………………….. 768 – Field Method, Pansy Griffin ……………. 844 dell ………………………………….. 636 – Finance and Personality ………………. 770 Lepers, Annual Report and Autumn Confer- – – Breakfasts Help, How, Homer L. Gleck- ence of American Mission to ………… : 932 ler ………………………………… 608 – Reaching Japanese …………………….. 71 – Friendship Venture Is Being Accom- Leprosy News ……………………………. 468 – Serum Found? …………………………. 549 plished, How …………………………. 610 Lewiscot League, James M. Smith ……….. 354 – Gifts, Country …………………………. 134 – – from Kindergartens, Day and High Liheria-New York State Colonization So- Ciety Aids Schools …………………… 711 Schools and Colleges ………………. 134 – Health and Baby Welfare Work, Public, – Sanitary Engineer for …………………. 788 Liberian Schools, To Aid ………………… 711 Elma T. Rosenberger ………………… 451 Liebenzeller Mission ……………………… 149 – – Center aud Day School Work ……….. 450 Life and Work Committee ……………….. 959 – – Poster Exhibit of Girls' Seoul Day Literature, Committee on Christian, Helen Schools, Ada Hall …………………. 452 B. Montgomery ………………………. 694 – India, Program on …………………….. , 530 – Cooperation in Christian, A. L. Warnshuis 269 – India's Children, Mother, Laura D. Witt – Developments in Christian …………….. 143 – Shipments of Christian ………………… 275 Soper ………………………………… 51 Living Beyond Our Spiritual Income, D. J. – International Relations Program ……… 697 – Islands, to Present Problems and Needs Fleming ……………………………… 45 of Four ………………………………. 689 London, Deputation of Women to Josephine – Life's Seven Stages, Nellie E;. Kuhns …. 940 Schain ……………………………….. 376 – Light Brigade Meetings, Summer Sugges- – Naval Conference ……………………… 446 tions for …………………………….. 528 Love Alone Recognizes, Toyohlko Kagawa .. 659 Lutheran Church-Augsburg Confession, An- – Mary and Martha Club ………………… 770 – Material for Mission Classes, to Collect .. 772 niversary …………………………….. 624 – Missionaries Sent Out During Sixty Years – Foreign Missions, American, George Drach 523 – – – Conferences . .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. … 385 Visualized ……………… : …………… 136 – Home Missions Council of America ……. 712 – Music ………………………………….. 213 – Radio Programs ……………………….. 952 – – for Sunday-school Missionary Program 296 Lutheranism, World-Wide ………………… 744 – Negro Race Relations Suggestions …….. 295 – "Patrons' Gift" Leaflet …………….. 132, 133 Lutherans in Chile ……………………….. 708 – Personality and Finance ……………….. 770 Madeira, Visit to, D. L. Pierson …………. 166 – Preparatory ……………………………. 131 Magazine. Suspension of Religious ………. 230 – Products Project ……………………….. 692 Malaya, Siam and Burma, Seen and Heard – Programs and Speeches, Suggestions for in, Delavan L. Pierson ………………. 753 Preparing .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. …. 296 Malaysia, Missionary Romance in, John R. – Relation of Christian to Denominational Denyes ……………………………….. 342 Organizations …. , … '" . .. .. .. .. …. ….. 51 Manchuria-Factory, Christian …………… 548 Manchurian Railway Benevolent …………. 64 – Retirement F'und, Patrons' Gift for ……. 131 Marriage, Bowie, W. Russell, on …………. 781 – School of Missions, Church ……………. 210 – Shut-Ins and Pick-Up Work, for, Flora Dell White …………………………… 297 – "Sixty, The" …………………………… 136 – Sunday Schools and Missions, Mrs. L. W.

Chapin …………………………….. 51, 447 – Tools Worth Having …………………… 371 – Volunteers, To Secure Young ………….. 373 – World Day of Prayer, Suggested Program, Mrs. S. S. Hough …………………….. 936 Mexican Indian Mission ………………….. 394 Page Page Mexican Presbyterian Church Comes of Age, Opium Suppression, Step Toward ……… 387,626 L. P. Van Slyke ……………………… 822 Organization Necessary? Is Agreement on Mexicans in U. S., What Do You Know Church, Edmund D. Soper ……………. 886 Orient, Under Our Flag in the, George H. About, Robert N. McLean ……………. 183 Mexico-Alcohol, Campaign Against ……… 394 Trull …………………………………. 805 – Education ……………………………… 860 – Friendship Bag in ……………………… 144 Orthodox Churches to Hold Conference …… 314 – – Exhibits …………………………….. 466 Pacific Relations, Institute of, Edward C. – Methodist Church, Independent ……….. 636 – – – Organized, Francis J. McConnell … . Carter ……………………………..163, 358 – Methodists Form Separate Body ……….. 708 – Peace Desired by …………………… 308 550 Palestine, Christians Ask British Not to Quit 955 – Schools. Government ………………….. .' 784 – D. V. B. S. in ………………………….. 63 – University of ………………………….. 784 Panama Canal Zone, Religion in …………. 63 Military Training in Education ………….. 619 Ministerial Relief ………………………… 387 Papua-Church Growth …………………… 236 Miracle, Moral. Sherwood Eddy ………… ;. 266 Mission Personnel Statistics …………… 549, 859 – Mission News ………………………….. 470 Mission Study Class, I Am the ……………. 773 – – 1930, Katharine V. Silverthorn ……… 455 – Up from Savagery in, Delavan L. Pierson 903 – – Technique, New, Clarence V. Howell … 758 Paraguay, Missions in ……………………. 550 Missionaries, Butler, Smedley, on ………… 419 Patagonia, Shepherds of ………………….. 307 – Leave on Consuls' Advice? Should …….. 763 Peac~Books for Readers' Course ………… 776 – Make Trouble for Their Governments? .. 206 – Eva Clark Waid Memorial Fund for Missionary and a Donkey, Elizabeth M. Lee 337 – from America, Further Light on First … 196 World ………………………………… 959 – First to Sail from America, Otis Carey .. 42 – Movement in Canada, Helen M. Strachan . 777 – Information and Missions …………….•. 525 – Studying ……………………………….. 790 – Review Publishing Co. Annual Meeting … 288 – Ultimately …………………………….. 619 – Service. Openings for ………………….. 313 .:…. World Alliance for …………………….. 230 – Statistics on the ……………………….. 549 Missions at Chautauqua …………………. 539 Pentecost, Charles R. Erdman ……………. 405 – Background Jor World Peace, Mrs. Schuy- – and Home Missions, William R. King …. 406 – Number ……………………………….June ler C. Woodhull ……………………… 929 Periodical Pay Its Way? Can a Religious .. 843 – Doing Good, Are Foreign, Sherwood Eddy 266 – World's Largest ……………………….. 387 Persia, Changes in ……………………….. 388 – World-Wide Task of …………………… 226 – Converts from Islam Sow ,seed ………… 464 Mohammedans, German ………………… .. 223 – Cooperation, Missionary ……………….. 635 – Russian ……………………………….. 223 – Education Advancing ………………….. 147 Moravian Meetings Planned ………………. 382 – Labor Conditions ………………………. 147 – Mission in Nicaragua, Paul de Schweinitz 15 – Literature, Christian …………………… 871 Mormon Centennial and Protestant Program, – Polygamy in, Bessie Allen Donaldson …. 142 – Reforms, Shah Starts ………………….. 314 Herbert W. Reherd …………………… 278 Persian Christians Evangelize Afghans …… 791 Mormonism and the Way Out, Ciaton S. Rice 273 – Saint …………………………………… 791 – Changing ………………………………. 313 – One Hundred Years of, E'dward Laird PersonalS-Abel, Charles W. ……………… 3 – Akazawa, Motozo ………………………. 561 Mills …………………………………. 917 – Bowen. A. J ……………………………. 721 Mormons, Preshyterian Church, U. S. A., – Brooks, Charles A. . ……………………. 482 – Carter, Wm. M…………….. 2d cover, March Work Among, Andrew J. Montgomery .. 26 – Chambers, William Nesbitt ……………. 8g2 Moslem Activity In India …………………. 73 – Chapman, John W …………………….. 721 – Cheng, Ching-Yi ……………………. 561, 780 – Lands-Women and God Veiled, Charles – Cousins. W. E …………………………. 401 R. Watson ……………………………. 107 – Creighton. Frank W ……………………. 882 – Denton, Mary Florence ………………… 864 Moslems-Bible Read by ………………….. 715 – de Schweinitz, Paul ……………………. 721 – Drach. George …………………………. 799 – of India Remain Loyal, Will …………… 795 – Edwards. John R ………………………. 82 "Mother India" Agitation Still Burning ….. 289 – Fisher. Frederick B. …………………… 561 Near East, American Board Mission in the . 147 – Fletcher, A. G………………………….. 82 – – College Endowment Fund ……………. 315 – Forbes, W. Cameron …………….. : …… 561 – – Conditions in, Robert E. Speer ……… 7 – Fowle, Charles Warren ………………… 82 – – Health Wagon in the ……………….. 714 – Franklin, James H …………………….. 322 – – New and Old in, Delavan L. Pierson … 258 – Gamewell, Frank D. . ……………….. 242, 721 – – Relief, The Great Work of the, What – Goodsell, Fred Field ……………………. 82 – Hawkes, James W ……………………… 482 Is to Follow? James L. Barton …… 972 – Haynes, George E. . ……………………. 482 – – Veteran Missionaries Retire ………… 872 – Hibbard, David S………………………. 627 "Necessity That Is Laid Upon Us," Hugh – Higginbottom, Sam …………………….. 794 – Hodgkin, Henry T ……………………… 242 Thomson Kerr ……………………….. 197 – Hopkins, Robert M. ……………………. 3 Negro-Atlanta University ……………….. 541 – Hunt. Henry A…………………………. 713 – Congregations, Chicago ………………… 832 – Johnson, F. Ernest …………………….. 322 – Death Rate Cut ………………………… 832 – Johnson, Nelson Trusler ……………….. 82 – Dillard University ……………………… 541 – Kagawa. Toyohiko …………………….. 882 – Education, Government Recognizes …….. 953 – Keller, Adolf …………………………… 782 – – Statistics ……………………………. 69 – Kerr, Hugh T ………………………….. 482 – Educators, Conf.erence of ………………. 225 – King. Mr. and Mrs. Noble C……………. 482 – Facts About, Striking ………………….. 832 – Laubach, Frank C……………. : ………. 794 – Salvaging Little Black Souls, Lee McCrae 518 – Leiper, Harry Smith ……………………. 482 – Spelled with Capital …………………… 463 – Lindquist, G. E. E. .. ………………….. 482 – Spingarn Medal Winner ……………….. 713 Negroes Honored for Distinguished Achieve- – Littell, S. H. .. …………… " .. " ………. 401 – Lobenstine, E. C. " …………………….. 561 ments ………………………………… 829 – MacKenzie, Wm. Douglas ……………… 402 New Gulnea-Unreached Tribe in …………. 67 – Marquis, John A. ………………………. 82 New Hebrides Synod ……………………… 67 – Mathews, Basil ………………………… 561 New Zealand Affairs ……………………… 547 – Morris, Samuel L ………………………. 242 Nicaragua, Moravian Mission in, Paul de – McAfee. Cleland B……………………… 562 Schweinitz ……………………………. 15 – McConnell, Francis J ………………….. 801 Nigeria, Open Doors in …………………… 865 – McKinney, A. H. ……………………….. 3 – Welfare Center in ……………………… 145 – McMillan, Homer ………………………. 561 – Newell, Dr. and Mrs. Horatio B……….. 864 Nile Mission Press Jubilee ……………….. 461 – Norcutt, Clara E ……………………….. 401 Ohio. Pioneer Mission in …………………. 953 – Patton, Cornelil's H. …………………… 82 "One Book for All People" ……………….. 958 Page Page Personals-Ritchie, John …………………. 3 Race Relations-Sunday ………………….. 77 – Roots, Bishop of Hankow ………………. 561 Readers' Course ………………………….. 946 – Simons, George A………………………. 242 Reconciliation Trips, Clarence V. Howell … 758 – Smith, William M. …………………….. 82 Reformed Church in America, Wm. I. Cham- – Strong, William E. .. ………………….. 799 berlain ………………………………. 2l – Warnshuis, A. L ………………………. 641 – – – – Celebrates …………………….. 868 _ White, Charles L …………………… 242,288 – – – the U. S., Allen R. Bartholomew… 17 – Wilson, E. Graham ……………………. 482 Retrospect ……………………………….. 934 – Wilson, Warren H …………………….. 721 Reunion, Anglican Bishop on ……………. 858 _ Yul, David ……………………………. 482 Rhodesia-Life In, Missionary, By a Mis- – Zwemer, Samuel M. .. ……………82, 799, 801 sionary ………………………………. 350 Peru, Nursing in …………………………. 234 Roman Catholics in China ………………. 779 – Revolution in …………………………. 861 Roumania-Baptisms …………………….. 873 Peruvian Spreads Gospel ………………… 62 – Church Auctions Treasures ……………. 873 Philippines-Bible Did, What One ……….. 703 Russell, James Solomon, Negro Educator, J. – Christian Work in the ………………… 153 J. Clopton …………………………… 668 – Education, Filipinos Gift to Religious …. 470 Russia-Anti-Religious Program …………. 150 – Eucharistic Congress ………………….. 315 – Appeal from …………………………… 149 – Evangelism, Foliow Up ……………….. 793 – Atheist University, First ………. ……… 66 – Free, Senate Committee Favors …….. 205,627 – Churches, Plea for ……………………. 467 – Independence ……………………….. 205, 627 – Education Compulsory ………………… 873 – Language for Mindanaos, Inventing …… 794 – Evangelical Activity ………………….. 67 – Lepers at Culion ……………………… 957 – Letters from ………………………….. 467 – Literature Society, Christian ………….. 389 – Lutheran Churches in …………………. 622 – Mission of St. Francis ………………… 389 – Mohammedans in ……………………… 223 – School Strike, Manila …………………. 628 – Niebuhr, Dr. Reinhold ………………… 956 _ Silliman Institute ……………… , ….627,702 – Persecution, Religious …………….. .445,793 – Sunday Schools Reorganized ………….. 315 – Religion, To Starve Out ………………. 223 – Under Our Flag in the Orient, George H. – Religious Persecution, Mas s Protest Trull ………………………………… 805 Against ……………………………… 308 – Union, Church ………………………… 115 – – Persecution …………………………. 874 – – Theologi.cal Seminary of the, Howard – World Alliance Discusses ……………… 859 W. Wlddoes ………………………. 437 Russians Risk Lives for Gospel ………….. 382 – United Church of Manila ………. , ……. 470 Sacraments Necessary? Agreement on, Wm. Pioneer Mission Agency ………………….. 77. Adams Brown ………………………… 839 Poem-Book, and Liberty, Emily Dickinson 619'/' Salvad,or, Conference, 111 ••••••••••••••••••••••• 155 – Books for Lands That Are Bookless …… 381" SalvatIOn Army JubIlee ……. , ………….. 634 – Choice, John Oxenham …….. : ………… 141 Samoa, In ……………………………….. 236 – He Loves Them All ……………………. 693 Santa Claus, Original ……………………. 214 – I Do It Unto Thee …………………….. 771 Santo Domingo Disaster …………………. 764 – Man Who Meant to Give, Howard W. Pope 772 Schaumer, Mrs. A. F., Death of ………….. 46 – New Year's Dreams, Alfred Noyes ……. 534 Scotland Assembly, Church of …………… 620 _ Petition, Elizabeth D. Richards ……….. 693 Seminaries, Conference of Theological, A. L. – Prayer, Edgar A. Guest ……………….. 295 ' S~rviWce,a r nOspheuniisn gasn df oSr . M;. ~avert ………… 123 _ Sonship ………. .. …….. .. .. ………. …. 59 / ………… 313 MIssIOnary =_ Thy Kingdom Come, John Oxenham ….. 849'. Sla~, Burma and M~laya, Seen and Heard _ Thi y Will Be Done,Jox hn 0 enham . . , .. '" 849//' _ M1i1s1s, ioDneslaIyna,n ALm. ePrI!cearsno, n H…..R…..H…..P..r.I,'n.c.e. 753 W nds of Life …………………………. 214 • Damrong …………………………….. 331 Wonderful Work ………………………. 55/ Siberia-Nomads …………………………. 858 Poland and BaltIC States .. , ……………… 544 Singh, Sadhu Sundar, Not Found ………… 157 – Assembly, General Church ……………. 873 Smuts, General, on Missions in Africa ….. 367 – Protestants In …………………………. 544 Social Work First Church Conference on Porto Rico, Famine in …… ,…………….. 62 Amelia Wyckoff …………………….. : 598 – – Financial Success, Notable …………. 708 Societies, Some Very Respectable Missionary, – – Roosev<:lt on …….. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. … 708 Otis Cary ……………………….. ; …. 111 – – School 111 San Juan, New …………… 155 Solomon Islander Enters Ministry ……….. 546 – – Self-support Plans ………………….. 550 South America-Air Mail and Missions ….. 466 – – Tourists Sought …………………….. 784 – and Central American Indian …………. 551 – – Union and Progress in, C. Manly Mor- Spain and Portugal, Protestantism in '" .149, 466 ton ………"……………………….. 188 – _ – Religions in ……………………… 466 Portugal and Spa1ll-Protestants of ……… 466 Stockholm Continuation Committee ………. 77 – – – Religions in …… ' ……………….. 466 Sudan, Education in ……………………… 75 Prayer, A, Robert Norwood ……………… 674 _ Interior Mission ………………………. 221 – and Young People, World Day of …….. 853 Swain, Clara A., First Woman Physician to – Around the World, Visualizing the World India ………………………………… 306 Day of ………………………………. 299 Swiss Government Honors Adolf Keller ….. 782 – Call to ~aster …………………………. 241 Syria-American Junior College for Women – FellowshIP of …………………………. 312 in Beirut ……………………………. 790 – for All Missionaries , ………………….. 287 – Home Economics in …………………… 228 – – Peace and Unity of the Church …….. 304 – Hospital for Mental Diseases, Lebanon .. 228 – India's Call to …………………………. 725 – Republic, As a ………………………… 635 – Week of ………………………………. 41 – Sidon Girls' School …. ' ……………….. 228 Presbyterian Church in the U. S,' Egbert W. – Women, College for …………………… 790 Smith ………………………………… 16 – Women, Freedom for …………………. 543 – – – U. S. A. Among Mormons, Andrew J. – Youth Problem ……………………….. 464 MontgOl,nery ………………………. 26 Tibet and Dr. Shelton, Regarding ……….. 481 – Home MIssIOnary Work by Women, M. Today in the Land of YesterdaY,Delavan L. Katharine Bennett …………………… 24 Pierson ………………………………. 325 – Training School of Chicago …………… 70 Travel Experience, Varieties of, Delavan L. Ppres~ 9~nfer, Editors o~ Religious ……….. 605 rohlbltIOn and CanadIan Women, Mrs. R. Pierson ………………………………. 753 Tnrkey and Greece Abandon War Holidays . 955 G, Dingman …………………………. 855 – Change, Rapid ………………………… 464 – – High Schools " .. " ………………….. 541 – Child Welfare Week .. , ………………… ~43 – in Canada, Statistics ………………….. 857 – Decade In ……………. ' ………………. 388 – Law, Upholding the, Bertha Grummel – Ignorance. Turk on Their …………….. 792 Judd …………….. " ………………… 458 – Mission Changes Name ……………….. 147 Protestantism In Europe, Harry Jeffs …… 571 – Movies, Against American …………….. 634 – – France, Ch. Merle O"Aubigne ………. 574 – Religious Reforms …………………….. 146 Race Relations-At Work for Christian, – Restrictions on Christian Teaching Lifted 228 Katherine Gardner …………………… 942 – youth In ………………………………. 543 Page Page Turkish Health Society ………..•…•.•…•• 543 United States-Needy Field, .J. T. Larsen .. 364 Ukrania, Evangelical Movements in ……… 620 – – Negro Gains In Decade …………….. 386 – National Movement •……………….•…. 149 – – – Life, Facts on ……………………. 632 Under the Red and Black Star, Anna L. – – – Missionaries in Africa •………….. 631 – – Orientals in ………………………… 790 Curtis ………..•……••……………… 191 – – Peril of Country and Remedy, by Cool- Unevangelized Territory ………………. 551,706 Union, Friends Consider …………………. 225 idge ………………………………. 485 – in South India, Proposed, Arthur J. – – Personal Work in New England Fac- Brown ., ……………………………..• 43 tory Town .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. •• •.. . … 762 – What Agreements Are Necessary to – – Presbyterian Church Centennial, Pitts- Church ………………………………. 836 burgh …………………………….. 70 United States-Atlanta University ……….. 541 – – Prohibition and High Schools ………• 541 – – Campaign, Five-Year Religious ……. , 311 – – Rural Church Volunteers, Warren H. – – Children Donate to Missions ………•• 633 – – China Institute in ………………….. 542 Wilson ……………………………. 590 – – Chinese Gift to American Church …•.. 463 – – – Life, Sunday, Coe Hayne ………… 347 – – Churches in New York City ………..• 789 – – – Missionaries, School for ………….. 634 – – – Losing Ground? ………………….• 444 – – – Pastors, Schools for ……………… 380 – – Cities, Growth of Small ……………. 541 – – St. Paul's Normal and Industrial – – City, Church in the, Changing ……… 614 – – Conference of Negro Educators …….. 225 School, J. J. Clopton ……………… 668 – – – on Foreign Language Church Find- – – Social Work, Protestant ……………• 788 – – Spanish-Speaking Area Needy Field, J. ings ………………………………. 774 – – – Religious Press ….. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 224 T. Larsen …………………………. 364 – – Congregational Missionary Program for – – Support, Plans for Missionary ……… 542 – – Unemployment ……………………… 604 South ……………………………… 541 – – – and Economy …………………….. 680 – – Cooperation In Ozarks ……………… 224 – – Union Settlement Work, Springfield, – – Cooperative Adult Education …•. ; ….. 952 – – Council of Churches ………………..• 385 Ohio ………………………………. 220 – – Crime and Religious Training ……… 5n – – University of California for Pacific – – – Prevention ……………………….. 224 – – Criminals and Christian Homes …….. 462 Coast Countries …………………… 789 – – Denominations Find Points of Agree- – – Visitation Evangelism ………………. 542 – – Women's Church and Missionary Fed- ment …•………………………….. 7G6 – – Education Five-Year Program, Reli- eration, Omaha …………………… 219 – – Y. W. C. A. and the Negro Girl …….. 712 gious ……………………………… 311 – – Youth Challenge to Church …………. 867 – – – Meeting, International Council of Unity in U. S., Christian ………………… 385 Unoccupied Fields-Solemn Facts ……… 551,706 Religious . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 384 Uruguay-Junior Church, First ………….. 465 – – Elmira College Missionaries, Esther Vasquez, Marcelino, Quiche Indian, Paul Bowman ………………………….. 670 Burgess ……………………………… 116 – – Evangelism, Call to ………………… 444 Venezuela-Conference in Caracas ……••… 394 – – Factory Conditions, F. L. Garside ….. 595 Virgin Islands Economic Condition ………. 627 – – Federation of Women's Church So- Waid, Eva Clark, Memorial ……………… 535 Waldensians, Faithful Witness of the, Ter- cieties, Providence ……………… " 218 – – Filipino Center, Stockton, California .. 220 tius van Dyke ……………………….. 565 – – – Students' Conference …………….. 69 Wanted-Books for a Mission Library …… 157 – – Filipinos, Evangelism Among ……•… 386 War, Cause and Cure of-Readers' Course .. 776 – – Foreign-Language Church ………….. 774 West Indies, Cooperating in the, Samuel G. – – Foreigners, Rules for Treatment of … 225 – – Gifts for Religion Lead …………….. 782 Inman ……………………………….. 509 – – Hinduism, Foothold for …………….. 311 – – Old Forts and New Forces in the, Ed- – – – Invades New York ………………. 463 – – Home Missions Congress ……………. 624 ward A. Odell …………………….. 512 – – – – Council of Montana …………… 69 Will, Philanthropist's ……………………. 707 – – Hospital Evangelism ……………….. 632 Woman's Baptist Foreign Mission Society, – – Illiteracy Decreasing ……………….. 462 – – Interdenominational Missionary Coun- Minnie V. Sandberg …………………. 20 – Foreign Missionary Society, M. E., Six- cil, Des Moines …………………… 218 – – Interracial Cooperation Campaign ….. 312 tieth Anniversary, Mrs. C. C. Peale …. 27 – – – Relations, Constructive Work in Mis- Women in Home Missions, Mrs. Orrin. R.

sions and, J. J. Clopton …………… 668 Judd …………………………………. 486 – – Japanese Christians ……………….. 463 – Presbyterian Home Missionary, Work of, – – – Eager for Bible ………………….. 70 – – – Methodists Gain …………………. 68 M. Katharine Bennett ……………….. 24 – – – Students' Christian Association, – Boards of Foreign Missions, Annual Meet- George Iwashita ………………….. 673 ing ………………………………….. 215 – – Labor, Church in South to Study …… 713 Working Conditions Here and Abroad, – – Lutheran Student Association ………. 542 – – Lynching, States with No…………… 543 Girls', Frances L. Garside …………… 595 – – Military Training in Education ……. 619 World Acquaintance Travel, Inc…………. 176 – – Missionaries Needed, Home …………. 714 – Alliance Discusses Russia …………….. 859 – – Mountaineers, Christian Literature for 69 – – for Friendship ……………………… 229 – – – Lewlscot League, James M. Smith .. 355 – – – Peace ……………………………. 230 – – Mountains of Virginia, Gospel in …… 868 – Friendship, To Cultivate ……………… 549 Yenching University, Opening of, J. Leigh- ton Stuart …………………………. 98 Y. M. C. A. in Assiut …………………….. 145 Youth and Missionary Education ………… 139 – – Missions, Sue Weddell ……………… 824 Zambesi Industrial Mission, Growth of …… 145 BOOKS REVIEWED Page Page Africa and Some World Problems, J. C. Century of Anglo-Catholicism, Herbert L. Smuts ……………………………….. 879 Stewart ……………………………… 876 African Horizons, John Cudahy …………. 880 Chain'-Reference Bible, Frank C. Thompson 106 Africa's Dome of Mystery, Eva Stuart-Watt 798 Changino; Sudan, W. W. Cash ……………. 558 Altar Stairs, Joseph Fort Newton ………… 105 China Christian Year Book, Editor, Frank Behold the Man, Friedrich Rlttelmeyer …. . Rawlinson …………………………… 395 …………………………..3d cover, August China, the Land and the People, L. H. Dud- Between the Americas, Jay S. Stowell …… 517 Between the Desert and the Sea, I. Lilias ley Buxton …………………………… 474 China Year Book, Editor, H. G. W. Wood- Trotter …… .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. … 559 Book to Know, James McConaughy ………. 80 head …………………………………. 395 China's Crucifixion, Putnam Weale ………. 963 Page Page Chri~t Stronger than Caste, A, E. Rasamann 963 On the Threshold of the Century, H. T. and E. W. Marshall ……………………… 557 Christian God, Richard Roberts ………….. 104 Our Caribbean Neighbors, George W. Hin- Christian Reunion in Ecumenical Light. man …………………………………. 516 Francis J. Hall ……………………… 398 Out of Yesterday Into Tomorrow, Mary Christian's Alternative to War, Leyton Jenness ………………………………. 752 Richards …… .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. … 318 Church at Work. Clarence H. Benson …….. 400 Padre in Paraguay, C. E. Newbould ……… 718 Patteson of Melanesia, Frank H. L. Paton .. 474 Crawford, Dan, Missionary and Pioneer in Pentecost, a Renewal of Power, B. H. Bruner 430 Central Africa, G. L. Tilsley ………… 399 Philippines Past and Present, Dean C. Democracy and Mission Education in Korea, Worcester ……………………………. 717 James E,. Fisher …………………….. 160 Pilgrimage to Palestine, Harry Emerson Directory of Christian Missions in India, Fosdick ……………………………… 239 Burma and Ceylon …………………… 318 Do You Like Our Country? Rnth 1. Seabury 752 Pinnacles of Personality, Henry Clay Risner 477 Pioneering on Social Frontiers, Graham Drama of Christianity, S. L. Morris ……… 160 Taylor ………………………………. 796 Earth the Theatre of the Universe, Clarence H. Benson …………………………… 318 Pioneers of Goodwill, Harold B. Hunting … 554 Place of Jesus Christ In Modern Christian- East Africa, Pamphlet, Church Missionary ity, John Baillie …………………….. 431 Society ……………. . .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. … 558 Porto Rican Neighbors, Charles W. St. Joh~ 617 Eastern Colour of the Bible, George H. Power from on High, John Greenfield …… 80 Scherer …………………………….. 719 Educating for Peace, E. M. and J. L. Lobin- ~~:y~~, w. rF' Orc~a.rd ………………….. 960 gier …………………………………. 720 y ,Ma 0 PUglISI ……………………. 105 Emerging Christian Faith, Justin W. Nixon 433 Praying Hyde, E. G. Carre ………………. 876 Praying to Change Things, Chas. E. Robin- Evangelicals at Havana, Samuel Guy Inman 397 Preses.on~n …………………………3d cover July Evangelism, Herman C. Weber .. 3d cover, March Crisis in Religion, W. E. Orchard '.. 478 Fighters for Freedom, Austin K. de Blois .. 430 Freedom, Welthy Honsinger Fisher ……… 558 PrImitive Church, B. H. Streeter ………… 78 Procession of the Gods, Gaius Glenn Atkins 962 Freeman of Shanghai, F. Booth Tucker ….. 158 Prohibition and Prosperity, Samuel Crowther 557 Fullerton, Robert Stewart: A Memoir, J. J. Lucas ……………………………….. 878 Publicity for Social Work, Mary S. Routzahn and Evart G. Routzahn ……………… 320 Gandhi, Mahatma-His Own Story, Edited Quest of the Nepal Border, Gordon M. Guln- by C. F. Andrews ……………………. 961 Golden Sparrow, Irene Mason Harper …… 752 ness …………………………………. 878 Gospel Among the Red Men, Robert Hamil- Red Men on the Big Horn, Coe Hayne ……. 719 Religion In Soviet Russia, Wm. Chauncey ton ………………………………….. 399 Emhardt …………………………….. 4.4 Highways and Byways In Japan, Lois John- son Erickson ………………………… 158 Resident Orientals on the American Pacific Coast, Eliot G. Mears ………………… 240 H!story of Alaska. Henry W. Clark ……… 718 Resurrection of Jesus Christ William Ban- History of Protestant Missions in Korea, L. George Palk …………………………. 637 . croft Hill …………… .'……………… 796 RIse of the Missionary Spirit in America Humanity Uprooted, Maurice Hindus …….. 640 1790-1815, Oliver Wendell EUsbree …… : 638 Immortabllity, an Old Man's Conclusions, S. D. McConnell …………………….. 7!t7 Romance Road: Life and Work in Northern Africa, Georgiana B. Such …………… 639 In the Land of the Santals, Mathew A. Saviours of Mankind, Wm. R. Van Buskirk 554 Pederson …………………………….. 719 In the Waiting Isles, Charles S. Detweiler . 719 Science and the Unseen World Arthur S Eddington …… '" ………. :3d cover March India in Bondage. Jabez T. Sunderland ….. 797 Sheep of the Outer Fold, F. H. Towne .. : …. 558 India In 1928-29. John Coatman …………… 752 India Looks to Her Future, Oscar M. Buck . 720 Significance of Personality, Richard M. Som';t~~~;g i~~~~''': R~b~~t' E."Sj,~·~~·:::::::: ~n India on the March, Alden H. Clark ……… 558 Indian Islam. Murray T. Titus …………… 798 Son of China, Sheng-Cheng ……………… 877 Indians of South America and the Gospel ~nlendor Of God, Honore Willsie Morrow …. 319 Alex. R. Hay ……………………….. : 240 International Aspect of the Missionary ~~ar ff j!,dia, Isabel Brown Rose ……….. 752 eep elm, W. Wyeth Willard …………. 159 Movement in China, Chao-Kwang Wu . 876 Stock, Eugene, Georgina A. Gollock ……….. 160 Jesus Road and the Red Man, G. E. E. Lin- quist ………………………………… 557 Story of David Livingstone, W. P. Living'- stone ………………………………… 396 Johnson of the Mohawks, Arthur Pound and Tales of Modern Missionaries, Jeanne M. Richard E. Day ……………………… 555 Jungle Portraits. Delia J. Akeley ………… 717 Serrell ……………………………. '" 559 Taylor, Hudson, the Man Who Believed God Korea Calls, lois H. Swinehart ………….. 638 Marshall Broomhall ………………… ' 476 Korean Church and the Nevius Methods Ten Thousand Miles with a Dog Sled, Hud: Ch,,;rles Allen Clark ………………… : 961 Lady Missionaries in Many Lands, E. R. Pit- son Stuck …………………………… 962 Tiger! Tiger! Life Story of John B. Gough' man ……… …. ………. ….. . 719 Life and Letters of Sir Henry joh;{~to;,· Honore W. Morrow ………………… : 554 TorreJ;, Reuben Archer, Robert Harkness .. 557 . Alex. Johnston ……………………… : 877 Tour. m the Near East, James Hunter …… 558 T,Ife of Phillins Brooks. William Lawrence . 96~ Long, Crooked River. Albert B. Kerr …….. ~gg TrailIng the ConqUistadores, Samuel G. In- man …………………………………. 516 J ,ove the Law of Life. Toyohlko Kagawa … 396 Trotter, Lilias, Blanche A. F. Pigott …….. 639 Ma..~c Doll of Roumanla, Queen Marie …… 560 Tro,users of Taffeta, Margaret Wilson ……. 399 Makmg of a Great Race, Edward A. Steiner 159 TWlCe Born Ministers, S. M. Shoemaker … .

Meyer. F. B., A. Chester Mann ………….. 475 …………………………….3d cover March Missionary Education of Intermediates Two Pioneers: Life Sketches of Thoinas . :vrabel G. Kerschner ……..3d cover, August and Mark Botham of the C. 1. M., Mrs. Mark .Botham ……………………….. 719 MISSIOn. Our Mission, M. E. Dodd ……….. 558 Under SyrIan Stars, Princess Rahme Haldar 560 MOd'iin Pilgrim's Progress, De Witt Lincoln U. S. Looks at Its Churches, C. Luther Fry 878 elton ……………………………….. 80 Ways of I Sharing with Other Faiths, Daniel Mor!<an. G. Campbell-The Man and His J. F eml ng ……… ……….. . .H.u.l.b.~. ~t'" 555 Message, John Harries ……………… 960 W est Indian Tr easures. Winifred 517 Wha~sl Right with the Rural Church? R. i;. Mor~on Way. Claton S. Rice …………. ~ .. 556 Morrison. Robert. of China. W. J. Townsend 158 e ton ……. .. ………. . …. . William.s. Roger, Prophet 'an d" Nature of the Physical World, A. S. Edding- ·:i;lo·~~~~· ton ………………………………….. 237 EmIly E'aston …………….. je.r.u..s.ai~;;" ' 879 New Catholic Dictionary …………………. 238 ld Missions as Seen from Wor New Era In Missions, Homer E. Wark …… 560 Milton J. Staull'er …………3d cover April New Testament In the Light of Modern Re- world:r hB.est Religious Quotations, James search, Adolph Deissmann …………… 104 GI crist Lawson …………………….. 961

The Missionary Review of the World — October 1930

'l' OP-MANUAL TRAINING CLASS AT THE JHANSI BOYS'

COMING EVENTS order, went to China as a missionary in September 16-17-COMMITTEE OF REF- 1897, and became identified with Nanking ERENCE AND COUNSEL, Foreign Mis- sions Conference of N. A., New University in its early days as teacher York, N. Y. (1897-1903) and acting president (1903- 1904). It was largely through his wise September 29-0ctober I-INTERDENOMI- NATIONAL MISSIONARY INSTITUTE, and tactful leadership that other denomi- conducted by the Philadelphia Fed- nations were brought into the cooperation eration of Churches and the Wom- en's Interdenominational Union of which resulted in the founding of the Philadelphia and Vicinity, Philadel- phia, Pa. union University of Nanking, of which September 30 – October' 1 – EXECUTIVE he was the first president, continuing COMMITTEE, Council of Women for Home Missions, New York, N. Y. until the general change of educational policy made it desirable to place the in- October 7-15-UNITED LUTHERAN CHURCH, Milwaukee, Wis. stitution under a Chinese executive.

October 9-GENERAL CONFERENCE, EVAN- ** GELICAL CHURCH, Milwaukee, Wis. THE REV. DR. JOHN W. CHAPMAN, mis- October 14-19-INTERNATIONAL CONVEN- TION, DISCIPLES OF CHRIST, Wash- sionary, explorer and scientist, who has ington, D. C. served the Protestant Episcopal Church October 19-23-WORLD CONVENTION, DIS- in Anvik, Alaska, for forty-three years, CIPLES OF CHRIST, Washington, D. C. has retired from the Alaskan field. He November 10-18-WORLD ALLIANCE FOR is 72 years old. Dr. Chapman will be INTERNATIONAL F R lEN D S HIP THROUGH THE CHURCHES, Washing- placed on the honor roll of the Church. ton, D. C. He will be succeeded in Alaska by his November 30-December 5-NORTH AMER- son, who has long been associated with ICAN HOME MISSIONS CONGRESS, his father in the latter's missionary work. Washington, D. C. *** January 19-22, 1931-CONFERENCE ON THE CAUSE AND CURE OF WAR, At the recent Synod of the Northern Washington, D. C. Province of the Moravian Church in January 20 – 21, 1931- COUNCIL OF America, held in Bethlehem, Pa., June 12 CHURCH BOARDS OF EDUCATION, In- dianapolis, Ind. to 20, 1930, DR. PAUL DE SCHWEINITZ,'

PERSONALS for almost 32 years Secretary of Mora- vian Missions, declined re-election to the Two GREAT FRIENDS OF CHINA RETIRE Governing or Executive Board of the FRANK D. GAMEWELL, PH.D. Church, which carried with it his resig- DR. A. J. BOWEN nation as Secretary of Missions. The functions of this office are combined with DR. FRANK D. GAMEWELL and DR. A. J. BOWEN, two veteran missionaries who the presidency of the Moravian Society have rendered notable service to China, for Propagating the Gospel. The new have been granted retirement by the Methodist Board of Foreign Missions. president is Dr. S. H. Gapp. Dr. de Schweinitz has long been a Going to China in 1881 Dr. Gamewell taught in Peking, was a pioneer superin- trusted and loved missionary leader. It tendent in West China, professor of science in Peking University, (1889- was he who, in 1904, proposed the crea- 1900), and general secretary of China tion of a permanent Committee repre- Educational Association. As an engineer senting the mission boards and sociehe directed the fortification of the legation's compound at Peking during the ties of the United States and Camida, Boxer siege, in the summer of 1900, and and he became one of the organizers and was decorated for his service by the British government. On his last visit to original members of the Committee of China ten of his former students, in- Reference and Counsel of the Foreign a cluding the Rev. Wang Chih Ping (now Missions Conference offorN1o8rtyheaArsm, efrricoa~ serving as a member Bishop Wang), presented him with shield of silver on a carved wood sup- 1907 to 1930, with the omission of only port, inscribed to "Father Gamewell." the years demanded by constitutional re- DR. A. J. BOWEN, whose health has quirements. been impaired by his labors and by anxiety over the conditions under which he He was the Recording Secret:u-y of has worked in recent years of civil dis- the Committee in 1919-1920, ana the Chairman in 1920-1922. He was a'mem- ber of the American Section of the Executive Committee of the World Mis- sionary Conference at Edinburgh in 1908-1910, Chairman of the Foreign Missions Conference of North America in 1917-1918, and a member of the In- ternational Missionary Council 1920- 1928. He has consented to continue to serve as Treasurer of Moravian Mis- sions with his office at 67 West Church Street, Bethlehem, Pa.

*** DR. WARREN H. WILSON, of the Pres- byterian Board of National Missions, has been granted a year's leave of ab- (Concluded on page 799.) The Presbgterian Magazine 1 For Every PParesstobryten.an -The Church(s Official Publication-in a sparkling, up~ to~date manner offers the busy Presbyterian pastor and church~member inspiration and information fearlessly discussing the practical problems and freely narrating the thrilling triumphs of the advance of the Kingdom of our Lord Jesus Christ through the agency of the Presbyterian Church.

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GO~'S GRACIOUS GUARANTEES, by A. Z. Conrad, pastor of Park Street Church, Boston, Mass.

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LIII, No. 10 October

INDIA'S CALL TO PRAYER The National Christian Council of India has published an outline of Intercession as follows: Let us seek for a Missionary Spirit-that the Church may see the whole world's need of Christ and may be ready for any sacrifice in order to make Him known to all mankind.

Let us give thanks for the Church in India, remembering that it is part of the Church Catholic which is the body of Christ.

Let us thank God for the manifestation of the desire for unity in the Church in India, and for the scl1eme of Union proposed in South India.

Let us seek a Spirit of Prayer-that Christian people may learn to pray as Christ prayed and taught the disciples to pray; and that an ever-increasing number of interceders may be raised up, until the whole Church is awakened to prayer.

Let us seek a Spirit of Sacrifice and of Unity-that the Church may be willing, at whatever cost, to follow and bear witness to the way of Christ as she learns it; that the whole Church of Christ may desire and experience a new unity in Christ.

Let us seek for the Gift of Interpretation-that the Church may learn to preach the Gospel by word and life in terms that the men and women of this age will understand.

Let us seek for courageous witness in Moral Questions-that the witness of the Church in moral questions of our day may truly reflect the mind of God and may be known and felt throughout the world.

MEDICAL WORK Let us thank God for those Christian men and women who give their lives in the service of the sick and the suffering.

Let us thank God for the increased efforts, put forth by the State and by public bodies, for the prevention of disease.

Let us seek for a Spirit of Service-that a great number of men and women may offer themselves unreservedly to do Christ's work, at home and abroad in our generation.

Let us seek for the completion of our own conversion, praying for the removal of all hindrances in our own lives to the manifestation of God's redeeming love and power.

-From The Review of the Churches.

725

STORY OF AN INDIAN

BY THE REV. W. B. ANDERSON, D.D.

Secretary oj the Board of Foreign Mission8 of the United Presbyterian Church I N THE Punjab, North India, in the outcastes, and one Moslem. 1857, a church was begun with Thus from the very beginning, the four Indian converts; in 1928, question of caste was settled for its communicants numbered 43,- this church, and this first ingather- 895. The pioneers in this field had ing was an earnest of the harvests certain settled convictions regard- that were to foIlow from among all ing their missionary task. They castes and classes.

believed in the democratic rights Ordained Indians were at the of the individual in society, the first received into the mission or- Presbyterian form of church gov- ganization. Indians continued in ernment, the necessity of the re- membership until 1873, when, at generation of the individual to en- the suggestion of the Board in ter the Kingdom of God; that all America, they were excluded from missionary effort must terminate the Mission with a view to fosterupon the development of a church; ing the independence of the Indian that the church must be independ- Church. From the beginning there ent and self-supporting, that the was no question of the membership missionary must be ecclesiastically of the American ministers in the subordinate to the church in the church courts, nor was there any field; and that education must be question of the organic relations of fostered as a necessary result of the new Church in India to the Christianity but never regarded as mother Church in America. This its cause. With remarkable te- was in fuII accord with the spirit nacity, the successors of these men of those times and with the tradi- have adhered to these principles, tions of the Church. The mission- with the results apparent today. aries gave all privileges to their Growth by Decades Indian brothers, and took all priv- ileges to themselves. The result The following figures show the has been that as rapidly as Indians development of this Church in the have developed they have taken a number of communicants and their place of equality with missionaries contributions: in church courts, and with a true generosity they have ever accorded 1858 1878 1908 1918 1928 to the missionaries the relationship Communieants 4 211 14,202 32,557 43,895 of true brotherhood within those ~ontri~~~l':….,: . ~~244 $3,012 $5,910 $18,622 courts. The contributions noted contain At the present time, there is one only congregational funds, and not any fees in schools or hospitals. In Synod, composed of six presbyevaluating these contributions, it teries with ninety-seven congregamust be remembered that the aver- tions and ninety unorganized age laborer's wage is about twenty mission stations. Necessarily with times greater in America than in the great ingatherings from among India. a people so universally illiterate as First Fruits The first converts, in 1857, were the Chuhras are, the task of organ- a high caste Hindu, two men from izing has been a difficult one. It is '726 only through the exercise of skill grievance against the acting pasand patience that Presbyterianism tor. He informed the elder that he has been made to fit the situation. would be debarred from the com- Notwithstanding the difficulties munion unless he repented and where organization and methods paid up. When I raised the queshave been adapted to village condi- tion of his competence to debar an tions, remarkable progress has elder from the communion, he very been made. patiently explained to me that these Presbyterian forms were not An Adaptation of Presbyterian made for a village congregation Discipline with illiterate village elders, and that for the sake of the puritY of As an example of adaptation, the Church we must not permit the following might be cited. Our A NEWLY ORDAINED ELEVEN. MUCH DEPENDS ON THE VILLAGE SESSION head evangelist in the district was mere forms to interfere with esa wise and experienced minister sential righteousness. who was thoroughly respected by the Christian community. We had The next day the elder came to arrived at a village where a com- the service and sulked in the back munion service was to be con- of the audience, debarred from tHe ducted by the evangelist. In the preparatory meeting on Saturday ordinance of which he was by orevening, he found an elder whose dination one of the dispensers. payments toward the salary had Early Monday morning, as we been discontinued because of a were preparing to move our camp, the elder and his pastor came to the door of the tent, hand in hand,

with smiling faces. The elder ex- reduced almost to the intelligence plained that the night before he and feeling of animals. Scores of had not been able to sleep for instances might be recited to illusshame, that he had risen and gone trate the reality of their religious to his pastor, confessed his folly, change. paid all his arrears, and that now he wished to be restored to good Living Faith standing in the church and his office. We had a wonderful little One wet winter afternoon, the prayer meeting in the tent. Then head evangelist and I sat for sevthe head evangelist restored the eral hours in a village hut crowded elder to good and regular standing with people sitting among the cows in the congregation of which he and buffaloes that were being shelwas an ordained elder. tered from the pouring rain out- side. There were no Christians in Of course as the church develops this village, but many candidates in experience and intelligence, for baptism had been prepared by measures such as this are more an enthusiastic evangelist and rare and less necessary, and per- were being examined for admission haps any system must be flexible to the church. The next day over enough to permit its adaptation to forty persons were baptized and a unusual conditions. group was started on the way to become a congregation. In the The "Mass Movement" two years following, they had had no resident pastor or teacher, but In order to appreciate what has had built a little shelter of a been accomplished in the growth thatched roof laid upon forked of this Church, one must know sticks and without walls. This something of the social conditions they called their church, and here in India, and particularly the so- they gathered for daily worship. cial degradation of the aboriginal Through all those months they had people. This social degradation endured persecution from thfl has no parallel in human society. farmers whose serfs they were. It is from among these people, who in the Punjab are called Chuhras, One afternoon there appeared that the great majority of the com- suddenly at my door three or four municants of this Church have men who were evidently much agibeen gathered. tated. The night before a Hindu girl had been murdered in this vil- Too hasty conclusions, however, lage and her jewelry stolen. The must not be formed with reference police accused a Christian boy of to the acceptance of Christianity the murder, and subjected his wife by the Chuhras. It never has been to most distressing torture under an easy thing for them to leave which she had confessed the guilt their age-long social customs, their of her husband, and now the boy mud altars, and often their friends was in jail. Would I intercede for and families, to become Christians. him? No, I would not interfere in Thousands have endured persecu- a criminal case in the court but tion and few have secured material would go to the village 'he next help after baptism. The movement day. has been essentially the result of the Gospel reaching the hearts of On arriving there, the young men, although its touch has often wife rushed screaming, to throw been light upon minds and hearts herself on the ground, catch me

THE STORY OF AN INDIAN CHURCH

around the feet, and implore me to Self-Supporting Congregations free her husband and save her soul In the beginning of the Mission, as she had perjured herself under there was great concern that protorture. I remained in the village vision be made for the support of for hours, and was almost sure of the church by the Indian people. the innocence of the young man, Repeated references to the subject but was firm in declining to offer are found in the records of the any interference at the court in a Board and of the Mission. It is a criminal case. I explained to the question as to how much progress people that if the young man was would have been made, however, innocent, God could deliver him in if it had not been for the great answer to their prayers. They spiritual quickening that came to arranged to meet every night for certain of the Indian men. In the prayer for his deliverance. revival of 1896, following the visit of General Booth of the Salvation The young man was speedily Army to India, one of the pastors was greatly stirred and took a vow tried by an English judge and was A VILLAGE CHURCH sentenced to be hanged. All during his stay in prison he had in- that he would from that time forth sisted upon his innocence, and had take his support only from the In- dian Church. He was joined by shown a wonderful faith in the three of the seminary students in power of Christ to free him from this purpose, and through the years these have been joined by a any sentence. The day after that devoted band of fellow pastors. There are now sixty-eight selfset for his execution we were re- supporting congregations in the turning home from a distant point Church. through his village. I had been The Church in America might dreading the meeting with his well sit at the feet of this, her people. When we arrived there, Punjabi child, and learn lessons in stewardship. Poor with a poverty although it was mid-afternoon, the of which we can have no conceppeople were gathered in the little tion, they have given to the makshack which they called the church, ing of many rich. In many a and we heard their singing before village home, where the family we entered the village. When they practically lives on a ration, with saw us, they came rushing from so many fistfuls of meal being dealt the church with the news that the boy had been pardoned and sent home.

We called the boy and questioned him. All he knew was that on the morning on which he was to have been hanged the judge called for him and told him that he was free, giving him railway fare to return to his village. He said, "We all knew that Christ would deliver me just the way you had taught us." I was ashamed that I had taught them that Christ would deliver him and then had not believed that He would.

out for each member of the house- cated ministry in the midst of such hold before the baking, the house- crying need for pastors of churches wife puts into "God's jar" every composed of illiterate village peo- tenth fistful of meal. Such is a ple. At first none having less than fellowship that must enrich the a grammar school education were giver. admitted to the seminary; then While missionaries and pastors the standard was raised to admit are ever being made heartsick by only those having a high school the ignorance, superstition and training; now none are admitted degradation of the mass of the of lower qualifications than uni- Christian people, within that versity intermediate (junior col- Church there have repeatedly been lege) training. In 1915, the first such spiritual impulses as to keep man having a university degree hope and faith bright and strong. was graduated from the seminary In 1858, the missionaries reported and ordained. There are now sevwith joy the reflections they saw in eral such in training. The sem- India of the great revival of that inary has always been controlled year in America. These were es- by the Synod, which owns the en- tire plant used for its work. pecially marked among soldiers Money for land and buildings was and civilians' of the European pop- contributed from America. The ulation. In 1896, there came salaries of the missionary profesmarked times of refreshing to many schools, stations, and congre- sors are paid by the American gations. In 1904, there began the Church, but those of the two In- Sialkot Convention with its tides dian professors by the Church in of blessing reaching far beyond the India.

borders of the Punjab. Granted Space does not permit a discus- all the faith, courage and devotion sion of the interest of the Church of missionaries and pastors, with- in education in general. The cur- out these spiritual quickenings the riculum for the training of Chris- Church would have fallen far short tian youth ranges all the way from of her present accomplishments. the 150 Mission village schools For nothing else do pastors and through the university.

missionaries pray so earnestly as Evangelism and Missionary Spirit that this deep spiritual tide may be ever rising and filling the The proof of the vitality of a Church with divine power. church must be its evangelistic Christian Education and missionary efforts. Through all the years the spirit of evangel- From its begining, the Mission ism has been cultivated and the di- developed an educational work. rect and simple preaching of the Almost the first undertaking was Gospel has never been forsaken by theological training of two Chris- missionaries or pastors. In every tian workers in "didactic theology, station every year is held a summer the original languages of the Scrip- school, lasting generally for two or tures, Biblical criticism, and three weeks. Here the pastors, Church history." In 1871, there evangelists, and Christian teach- was established a theological sem- ers are gathered for Bible study inary which has had a difficult task and devotional meetings. Great to keep up the standard of an edu- stress is laid upon the obligation of

the Christian to witness to his since, that work has been mainfaith. tained with the support secured and the administration cared for Every winter there is a simul- by this Board of Home Missions. taneous campaign of evangelism. At this time a week or ten days is In 1916, the Mission gave over given by each congregation to the to the Synod, at its request, part preaching of the Gospel among the of a district adjacent to the field non-Christians and the selling of occupied by the Church, and in New Testament portions. Even 1927, the Synod assumed the supthe most ignorant members are port and administration of a whole trained to go out and sell these district. Negotiations are now Scripture portions and witness to under way between the Mission the power that they contain. There and the Synod for the latter to ashave been some remarkable results. sume the administration of all evangelistic work being done by If ever a Church could make a the Mission, together with the budlegitimate excuse for not helping get being received from America others because it had enough to do for that work. to help itself, this would be that Church. In 1908, as the result of Eoth missionaries and pastors revival, the Synod established a would be quick to admit, and would Board of Home Missions composed even insist, that this Church is entirely of Indian men. This ignorant and defective and is Board selected the most difficult scarcely more than embryonic in field it could find within the con- its development. Yet it proves fines of the Mission, sending its that the Gospel of Christ is indeed men out into a new territory the power of God unto salvation, among bigoted Moslems on the and is an earnest of what that Gosfrontier. For the twenty years pel will yet do for India.

CHRIST THE SIGNIFICANT FORCE IN INDIA Whether we look at India from the political, the social, the economic, the educational, the religious, or industrial point of view, the one force which is of the greatest significance is the Living Christ. He is th6' greatest dynamic and creative force in India to-day. I say this with great care and earnestness, for I realize how foolish it will sound to many, and how visionary to others. But when one reads history, when one studies the trends for the betterment of life-personal, social and national, and most of all when one walks in daily fellowship with Him, then it is that such a realization grows to conviction, but a conviction which bears the stamp of utter reality and fact. He is actually lifting men. He is changing men's lives. He is drawing men unto Himself. He is recreating institutions and customs, and He is creating in men a new life. And when I scan the horizon I see no comparable force.-Paul J. Braised, American Baptist, Telugu Mission, India.

EDUCATION IN

BY ARTHUR T. MAYHEW, C.LE.

Ji'O>rmer Got:ernmcnt Director of Public Instruction in the Central Provinces, India N O ONE could accuse the Some home critics suggest that Christian missionary in In- educational ambition leads mis- d i a of self-complacency. sions to neglect their evangelical The Commission which is to inves- calling; while perhaps as many tigate his educational work in that protest that the evangelist must country will find a congenial at- follow in the tracks of the school- mosphere of genuine humility. It master. We hope that the Com- will not bring to light many defects mission will not try to "reconcile"

or problems hitherto ignored by claims which are really indistin- labourers in the field. But by the guishable from one another. The marshalling of facts and figures education that India needs is evan- which individual missions and peri- gelical education, saturated with odic conferences have had no time the spirit of Christianity. The to assemble, and by a comprehen- Christianity that India needs is sive survey of their significance, it enlightened Christianity that not will be able to indicate which of only appeals to the heart, but en- the many problems are the most lists all the faculties in the devel- vital and to suggest perhaps a opment of the arts and sciences more scientific method of ap- under the guidance of the Holy proaching them. The information Spirit. The Commission's task is that it will give to isolated work- to see how, on the one hand, mis- ers all over India concerning aims, sion education can be made more methods and results in other parts Christian, and how, on the other of the vast field will in itself jus- hand, broad and comprehensive tify its establishment. To some curricula, conceived in a Christian extent its path has been prepared spirit with reference to national by the systematic labors of the All needs, can be more effectively India and Provincial Missionary taught.

Councils. But the inclusion in the About seventy-five years ago, Commission of members with ex- Alexander Duff and John Wilson pert knowledge of educational determined the broad lines on work outside India guarantees a which mission education has since freshness of view that will be wel- advanced and in particular its rela- comed by these Councils in whom tions to the Government system of familiarity with the problems has education. Today, in British In- bred not contempt for the prob- dia, '" missions are responsible for lems so much as diffidence in them- the education of more than 347,000 selves. It will also reassure organ- scholars and spend from their own isers and supporters of mission funds, pupils' fees and Government work in the home countries whose grants, more than £777,000 ($3,- uneasiness regarding Christian education in India is not always • Except where otherwise stated, the statisallayed by mission reports conspic- tiCR and opinions contaiIwd in this article refer uous for their honesty rather than for their optimism. to British India. The writer is aware of the importaJl~e of the work uwlertaken hy missions in the stutes ruled hy the Indian Princes. but has no accurate information regarding its progress and prol)]cms.

732 885,000) thereon. For India as a The Commission may then try to whole, including native states, they ascertain from parents and exeducate 646,000 scholars, spending students whether mission instituon them more than $8,000,000. tions have for them any such dis- These figures indicate the heavy tinctive aim and atmosphere. They responsibility that they have in- are too likely to find that the chief curred. So far, however, as num- purpose which these institutions bers go, mission institutions play are supposed to serve is prepararelatively a less important part to- tion for public examinations. The day than they did in 1854 when they devout lives and personal examples came into the government system. of missionaries and individual Though they are responsible for masters, the disciplinary effect of the 251'0 of the girls in high schools school and hostel, daily prayers and and for 20% of the women who are Bible instruction, will have meant taking a university course, the pro- much for many of them. But unportion in the case of male scholars derlying all this will be a convicis much smaller, amounting in the tion that the schools' operations case of primary schools to only 3%. have been determined by examina- tions in which religion plays no What Duff did not and could not part, by courses of instruction anticipate was the growth, side by framed by authorities pledged to side with government and mission religious neutrality and by examinstitutions, of colleges and schools ination exigencies which have controlled by local authorities de- involved the exclusion from odibarred from all religious opera- nary instruction of every item tions, by private Indian agencies calculated to stimulate religious indifferent to religion, and by managing bodies animated by a interest. A teacher who is to be distinctively Mohammedan or Bud- an effective agent in securing a dhist spirit. He would probably diploma for his pupils cannot conbe the first to admit that the sys- centrate attention on aspects of a subject which examiners are comtem of education of which mission pelled to ignore. The Government institutions now form a part could Inspection Report must make no not be described as a whole, by the reference to religious instruction, most optimistic observer, as a which is discreetly kept out of the way on inspection days and so be- Christian system. comes in the eyes of parents and One of the most interesting and pupils a by-product.

significant educational institutions The Commission may then proin India today is that supported ceed to investigate the aims and and inspired by the Bengali poet, methods of the Hindu University Rabindranath Tagore. It will be at Benares and the Mohammedan worth while for the Commission to University at Aligarh. Among inquire why Tagore, one of the fin- much that may be open to critiest educational minds in India, cism, they will find proof in these keeps "Shantiniketan" (abode of universities of a conviction that Hindu and Mohammedan culture peace) outside the system of edu- and religion demand for their decation organised and controlled by velopment and expression instituthe Government. One of his rea- tions and systems of public examsons is certainly that inclusion in ination which emphasize, in a such a system would mean the loss of the schools' distinctive aim and individual atmosphere.

manner that impresses the general and economic aspiratians that the public, what is distinctive in their student world derives from the attraditions. And they will ask masphere af nationalism in which themselves whether it is nat prac- it lives, and to emphasize the conticable to. devise for Christian In- tributian that the Western world dia a system af distinctively Chris- expects from India. In particular, tian schools cUlminating in and it must learn that the Christ wham dominated by a Christian univer- they are to find on the Indian Road sity, and whether such a system is to be born again in India. might nat exist side by side with the "neutral" Gavernment system, That the first object of mission while cantinuing, like the Hindu education must be the edification and Mahammedan universities, to of the Christian community will enjoy the recognition and financial probably be accepted by all. Sta- tistically there is no. Indian comassistance of the Gavernment. munity in India, except the Parsee, The Commissian will nate in this which appraaches the Christian achievements in education. And cannectian that missian institu- the Parsees, as a small non-prasetians in British India receive from lytising and materially prosperous public funds slightly more than the cammunity, may be left aut af acsum of nearly £217,000 ($1,085,- count. Of the Indian Christian 000), that their supporters can- male papulatian 19%, and of the female 5% are under instructian, tribute and enjay a fee incame of as campared with seven and eight over £200,000 ($1,000,000). Anx- per cent of the Hindu and seven ious enquiry into. the bearing af and one per cent of the Mohammepolitical questions an the expecta- dan population. The papulatian af tion of support from the Govern- schaalgaing age af India is usually ment and the public will prabably taken at about 1570 of the tatal papulatian. Viewed relatively ar reveal that there has been no with- absalutely, the Christian figures drawal af such suppart during the are amazingly gaad, if the mass ten years that educatian in each movements tawards Christianity pravince has been cantralled by an and the large additian af illiterate Indian Minister responsible to a converts in recent years are barne Provincial Council, and will sug- in mind. Christian male students gest that a large measure of inde- of universities represent 12 in pendence, if wan by India, will not every 10,000 af the tatal male be detrimental to. any system of Christian papulation, against five af mission education, however dis- and two per cent far Hindus and tinctively Christian, pravided that Mohammedans respectively. Feit is also consistent with national male Christian university students aspirations and conducive to the are nearly as numeraus as Hindu cultural development of India. students who. represent a papula- tion nearly 80 times as large, and How this can best be secured will are ten times as numeraus as Mano. daubt farm one impartant sec- hammedan students who. came tian of the Commission's enquiry. fram a papulation 28 times as For a larger measure of Oriental large. studies there seems unfartunately to be no demand. But a mare de- But there are dangers ahead. Of terminated effart must be made to recognise and direct in all higher educatian, the palitical, cultural

MISSION EDUCATION IN INDIA

the Christian population 20% are monly described as "lehvening the still illiterate. With an annual in- lump." It is due to men such as came of abaut 10,000 converts, the Miller of Madras, and to colleges number of those requiring a Chris- like Wilson College, Bombay, that tian primary school is growing the intelligentsia of India has been rapidly. The number af Christian infected and inspired by Christian pupils in primary schaols exceeds influence and that social and re- the total enrollment of mission ligious reform movements, both primary schools; as these contain Hindu and Mohammedan, have ac- many non-Christian pupils there quired a distinctive Christian fla- must be very many Christian pu- vor. What has to be decided is the pils in non-Christian schools. The extent to. which principles, un- fact that missions are bearing 13% doubtedly sound, can wisely be of the burden of university educa- supplied. Soup cannot be watered tian and only three per cent of the progressively withaut losing its primary education af India, sug- efficacy. One suspects a weaken- gests that they may be, like In- ing in the motive power of Chris- dians as a whole, devating tao tianity when one visits mission much of their funds and energy to institutions where 75% or more of higher education and building on the staff and pupils are non-Chris- too narrow a base. If Christian tian, where Christian inspiration India is resolved to. share in the depends an the weekly visit of an education of nan-Christian India, overwarked missionary, and where is not the educatian of the masses local popularity is due either to entitled to mare attention? And comparatively low fees or com- are not the towns getting more paratively goad examination re- than the villages from them? sults.

No Christian community can be The consistent Christian mis- expected to confine its educational sion institution of today is ethically benefits to its professed adherents. far mare influential than the aver- But it must guard against any sur- age Government institution. Few render of Christian interests. We wauld claim the same superiarity are indeed taught to give freely of for the average mission institution our best to others; but we must without searching examination not, for the sake of others, sur- which it is to be hoped the Com- render what is essential to prep- missian will carry out. Mere add- aration for Christian service. ing to the number of Hindu and Christian pravision for the educa- Mohammedan graduates in India tion of non-Christians in India is is not an essential portion of the justifiable an three conditions: Christian Church's task. There is (a) that the needs of the Christian no lack of other work more dis- community have been adequately tinctively Christian in aim by met; (b) that Christian life and which local opinions can be con- teaching are a vital and essential ciliated and contact with non- part of the education provided; Christian society maintained.

and (c) that the atmosphere is not Arrangements for the supply of unfavorably affected by a predom- Christian teachers to meet present inance of non-Christian masters needs and future development and scholars. must be carefully investigated. It Great and honored names are is impossible to get statistical in- associated with the process com- formation regarding the number

Qf Christian teachers in India; the unfit fQr academic studies into. absence of figures suggests the commercial or industrial trainneed fQr a cQmprehensive survey. ing-all these CQncern the missiQn The 18 missiQn training schQQls educatiQnists just as much as Edu- catiQn Departments of India. with 960 students may suffice fQr MQre particularly, the Hartog Rethe 278,000 Christians under in- port emphasizes the grQwing need structiQn, but there are altogether for expert guidance, if education 347,000 scholars for whom the mis- is to be less wasteful and more sions are responsible. effective. To the stock Qf expert opiniQn the coming Commission The CQmmissiQn will study with will make a valuable cQntribution. special interest the recent Report If it does its work properly, its Qf the HartQg Committee, which members will return wiser but not, we hope, sadder, men. What is, has investigated Indian education perhaps, most important, they will fQr the StatutQry CQmmissiQn deal- by their devoted labors give a coning with the Indian cQnstitutiQn. vincing proQf to. India that Chris- The prQblems which this report tian missions are determined to emphasizes-the short school life find enlightened and effective and irregular attendance in pri- means of advancing the moral and mary schQols, the need for a material welfare Qf that CQntinent. broader basIs fQr secQndary education, the development of vocational aptitude, and the diversion Qf thQse VILLAGE CHURCH CRISIS IN INDIA BY REV. C. H. LOEHLlN ]fissfonary of the Prcs1J1fteria.n Church in the U. R. A.

C RISES in the mission fields the Outcaste. FQr nearly a hun- seem perennial; but they dred years, in our Punjab Mission are none the less real and area, God has been chQosing. "the challenging for that. The crisis base things of the world, and the that at present faces the village things that are despised, yea, and church Qf India, is, on the one the things that are nQt," fQr buildhand, encouraging; for it has been ing the village church. For long brQught about largely Qn aCCQunt years the missionary and the Inof aggressive evangelistic work in dian evangelist labored amQng the the villages. On the other hand, Qutcastes alone, without let or hinit presents a cQmpeliing challenge drance. But not so any IQnger. bQth to. the Church in India, and The Hindus and the Mohammealso to the Church in America to. dans are now awake to the potenredouble Qur evangelistic effQrts tial value of this scrapped human nQW, lest we see the peril and gird material. The Hindus are now up our loins when it is too late. appropriating this material to build up their religious and PQliti- What is this crisis? Briefly, in cal community. The Mohammea figUre, it is this. For building dans are doing likewise. The the church, the prime requisite is liberal Hindus, thrQugh their Arya material. In India, the material Somaj SQciety, even send out mishas been that thrown out on the siQnaries to. the depressed classes. waste heap by Hinduism, namely,

VILLAGE CHURCH CRISIS IN INDIA

The material that is immediately and political upheaval not only are available for building up and the Hindus and Mohammedans re- strengthening the village Chris- acting to the dynamic of evangeli-· tian Church is in danger of slip- cal Christianity and to the impact ping beyond our grasp. of Western civilization and cul- Missionaries cannot evangelize ture, striving to increase prestige India. That must be done by the and influence by enrolling the out- Indian Church. We missionaries castes and by directly attacking must work through and with the Christianity, but the outcastes Indian Church. Good strategy themselves are aroused and on the would seem to say, "Evangelize move. They have organizations India's villages by building up the and hold conventions. The Maz- village church as rapidly as pos- habi Sikhs (outcaste hangers-on sible. Tackle the problem of high of the Sikhs) some time ago held caste evangelization through the a convention and issued a printed Christian Church." And yet, after statement in Punjabi to this ef- nearly one hundred years, we have fect : "We are tired of being in our mission area a total Chris- treated like cattle by the Sikhs.

tian community of only 42,000, out We ought to stand upon our own of a total outcaste community of feet. We intend to unite ourselves about 750,000. In other words, we with either the Arya, the Moham- have effectively reached only about medan, or the Christian religion, one-twentieth of the outcaste com- whichever can wipe out caste dis- munity we are responsible for. tinctions and receive us."

Nineteen-twentieths are still out- Is not this a fact full of signifi- side the Christian community. We cance and encouragement? The have not, in many cases, had the village church is weak, yet the re- resources, human and material, to ligion it represents is placed by hold those we have gained, to say these outcastes on a par with nothing of extending our efforts. Hinduism and Mohammedanism, Of this 42,000 baptized com- with all their prestige and wealth.

munity, it should be noted that Our missionary efforts have been only about 5,000 are full communi- inadequate, yet they have been re- cant church members and only spected by friends and foes alike.

about one-eighth have been effec- The outcaste may be depressed and tively taught. It is this infant illiterate but he is no fool. He church that must withstand the knows that his first friends were onslaughts of such organizations the Christians, and that today he as the Arya Samaj of the Hindus, can have real fellowship only from and the Ahmadiya sect of the Mo- the Christians. He wants to stand hammedans, both of which make on his own feet and get some- Christianity the special object of where; but he is puzzled. He their attacks. The Church in would probably like to come our India must meet organized opposi- way, and enter the Christian fold, tion which has wealth, tradition, as many of his friends and rela- and education back of it. Can the tives have already done; but he is Church in America fail to stand flattered by the attention of his back of the Church in India in this masters who once decreed him an time of crisis? outcaste. Will the Church receive . In this time of religious, social, him and see him through?

2 BY THE REV. ERDMANN D. BEYNON PaBtM, Oentenary Magyar Methodist Ohurch, Detroit, Michigan T HOUGH the strait which di- danced in the light of the flame of vides Bali from Java is so the funeral pyre. It was an at- narrow that one can easily tempt to portray the mysteries of look across it on a clear day, a life and death, joy arid pain, the whole world of thought divides the hero tales of the Mahabharata and two islands. Since Islam over- the Ramayana and the craving of threw the Majapahit dynasty in the soul for release from its temple Java four centuries ago, Hinduism of clay. When the dance was has been extinct on the larger is- ended, Szoemba lay exhausted on land; but the worship of Siva the ground beside the smouldering flourishes today on, Bali as per- pyre. Her American admirer haps nowhere even in India. The picked her up, paid her relatives beauty of Bali's scenery, the splen- the 2,000 Netherlands forint-the dor of its temples and the artless price of a bride-and took her to charm of its inhabitants combine live with him in a hut he had built in drawing to this remote island in the dense woods on the moun- travelers from the entire civilized tainside. They were not left unworld. Such a traveler in search of disturbed in their sylvan retreat.

adventure was Arnaldo Cipolla, a It was that very summer of 1926 young Italian who spent some when Batoer began to belch forth months in Bali in the summer of lava upon all the surrounding 1926. For a time he made his countryside. From the devastated headquarters at the pasanggrahan villages the bewildered peasants or resthouse built by the Dutch flocked toward the lake. They Government for the use of travel- pas sed Szoemba's hut. They ers, high up in the mountains at stopped and begged her to appease Kintamani. Near by is the double- the angry god. "Perchance it is coned active volcano of Batoer, one through love of you that Siva is of the mountains of Goenoeng destroying our country. Will you Agoeng, the mass of high moun- give yourself to him to save your tains which fills the eastern end of people?" The American begged her Bali. to flee with him to safety. It was In a neighboring village he saw of no avail. "I must save my peo- fourteen-year-old Szoemba, one of pIe," Szoemba said. Once more the Legong dancing girls at Siva's . she put on the golden crown and temple. Cipolla tells how a young the garment of glittering silk. At- American, who also was staying at tended by the weird music of the the resthouse at that time, became gamelang, she advanced from her madly in love with the beautiful hut directly toward the volcano. Szoemba. It was the occasion of In time the American heard the her last dance, in honor of the cre- gamelang no longer. It had ceased mation of the body of a prince of to play. The natives who escorted one of the native dynasties. With her toward the volcano were hur- a gold crown on her head and a rying back. But Szoemba did not .garment of sparkling silk, she come back. The eruption ceased 738

BELOVED OF SIVA

shortly after. When the lava a r y Society-Utrechtsche Zend- cooled they found her body. The ingsvereeniging-has done work gold crown had melted into her on Bali. After many vicissitudes face. Her body had been burnt to it seems to have gained a stable cinders. The peasants guard her foothold. As long as Bali re- memory, for they believe that her mained "unspoiled," as the Tourist willing sacrifice of herself to Siva Agencies put it, such missionary saved them from his anger. effort was probably equal to the Szoemba's dance· of de a t h situation. Today, however, Bali startled Cipolla and showed him is receiving such publicity as it that he had only partially under- never received before, in America, stood the Balinese character. On England, Italy, France, Germany, the surface the Balinese seem to be Hungary and many other coun- all softness, creatures of sunshine tries. It is being represented as a and dance and song. Yet there veritable garden of Eden, where were few places in all the Nether- the "tired businessman" may go lands East Indies where the Dutch and sate himself with pleasure at had a more desperate struggle to the expense of the innocent, mirth- gain control. .In 1844 the Rajas of ful inhabitants. Pictures of Balin- Boeleleng – the principality of ese maidens with sarongs reaching North Bali, to which belonged up only to their waists and carry- Singaradja, the present capital- ing on their heads offerings of and Karangasem-the principality fruit, flowers and rice to the tem- at the east of the island-asserted ples-such are the advertisements their "shore rights," i. e., the right which some tourist and steamship to loot wrecked ships. From that agencies use to induce adventurers time on the Dutch sent expedition to visit Bali.

after expedition against one after Bali will not long be unspoiled.

another of the nine principalities Can it be won for Christ before of Bali. It was only in 1908 that the adventurers of Western lands Dutch rule became supreme over ruin the very soul of the people?

the entire island, though even now Can that heroism such as Szoemba the regents of Bangli and Gianjar displayed be turned toward the and the Raja of Karangasem still salvation of the Balinese from enjoy some shadow of autonomy moral ruin? The most prominent under Dutch supervision. The feature of the Balinese landscape assertion of "shore rights" and the today is the ever-present poera or long struggle of these petty princi- village temple. If these temples palities against the foreign invader could be transformed from the showed that the Balinese have a worship of Siva to that of Christ, sterner, darker side to their char- Bali might not be so attractive to acter. the adventurer from the West, but The Balinese to-day n u m b e r the Balinese race would be saved roughly one million, and they pre- from its doom, a doom which sent to Christianity one of its big- awaits it in a very few years un- gest challenges in this decade. For less Christian missionaries use this many years the Utrecht Mission- opportunity.

POVERTY-STRICKEN CHRISTIANS DE-

VELOP SELF-SUPPORTING CHURCHES?

BY THE REV. GEORGE H. TRULL " T Secr6tary~ Presbyterian Board of l?Qrciyn Missions, New York HE poverty of China is and his reputation. It will be great, for I was born there necessary to call on the borrower and have seen it. But it is for the interest as he will likely nothing like that of India where I forget the day it is due. He has no now live." This is the substance calendar in his mud hut and one of a statement made to me some day is much like another. It may time ago by one of our missionary take much time to extract an anna women. I have just spent two from a borrower who declares he months in India and am now on has not got it. Harsh words and my way to China via Siam and the blows may be necessary. This Philippines. I expect to see pov- means exertion, particularly in the erty in China in the wake of the hot season when the thermometer armies and the brigands. Neither is 120 degrees in the shade. It is one leaves much behind. Yet the a gambler's chance on the return Chinese are thrifty. I am told that of the principle, this tending of a Chinese village always has three money to the poor Indian villager.

animals-a pig, a chicken and a So the money lender, for self-pro- dUCk. What the pig leaves from tection as well as for reimburse- the family larder, the chicken gets, ment for his effort-and it is real and what the chicken misses in the work-charges a rate of interest pool or canal the duck swallows. that seems to us like getting back I doubt if the average Indian viI- your money on the installment lager has such a well stocked farm plan. At any rate, this system is yard. In fact he is a farm laborer one which results in keeping· the with a wage of about two to four average villager in debt for the cents a day. Finding it difficult to rest of his life, and it gives the support his family on this sum, he money lender plenty of exercise, approaches the money lender. If vocal and pedal, in collecting his the latter is willing to accommo- interest.

date him with a loan at the "low If perchance the villager has a rate" of one anna per month for marriageable daughter, or worse each rupee, the borrower has as- luck more than one such liability, sumed an obligation of paying 12 the cost of the wedding ceremony annas per year on 16 loaned, or will never be less than one year's 750/0. If the money lender has income. It may be more. He visions of more than ordinary diffi- simply cannot "lose face" in his culty in collecting his principle, he community by "bucking" age-old will likely charge from 125 to custom. He accepts the inevitable, 200%. throws prudence to the winds, If this appears to you as usury, feeds everybody with rice and ponder this fact. The intending curry, and sinks deeper into debt.

borrower probably has no other I draw this picture so that you collateral than his earning capacity may see its relation to the problem 740 of developing a self-supporting to help those abroad who help Church by the villagers of India. themselves. Therefore I was in- We need this setting for our prob- terested to learn what the local lem. Otherwise we shall not under- Christians would do. This touched stand it and might reach false the heart of the problem. We sepconclusions because of wrong arated with this challenge. promises. A sympathetic acquaintance with conditions is essential. Since further contact with vil- lage conditions in all of Presby- I must confess that upon my terian Missions in India, I have first contact with India's poverty- concluded that it will not take a stricken Christians, I was dis- century for the Church to reach self-support. Only to a limited exmayed. The situation seemed well tent was I able to see what some nigh hopeless. I reasoned that of the other Mission Boards in perhaps in a hundred years, when India are doing with this question the economic level may be higher of self support. However, I have and the income of the village Chris- seen the report* of a very complete tians greater, they may be able to survey of conditions made over an support the Church. But this is a extensive area, and I have been long time to· wait. Two months heartened by the facts it presents. have slipped by since I sat one I want to share with you some of morning under the open sky at a its information. village edge, conferring with the leading men and the district mis- I am convinced that self-support sionary about their need of a in India and in every other land is church building.. One of them de- a spiritual problem. It is also an clared that more important than economic problem, psychological building the church was the remis- problem, and an educational probsion of the poll tax of eight annas lem, but these latter are suba year (16 cents) on each family. ordinate however to the main one. As I was a foreigner, he seemed to In the last analysis, it comes down think that I had sufficient author- to just this: Has the individual ity with the Government to regu- sufficient spiritual life to do what late the taxes! One needs only to is required? Economic status may get away from home, you see, to affect the amount of the gift, but be lifted to a place of honor, im- it will not determine the quality aginary though it may be. It was of it or effect the practice of givplain that this brother could not be ing. The psychological attitude dealt with on a spiritual level. I of inability to give which so many was glad that others in the group of the villagers of India, and of strenuously opposed his view. America for that matter, have, can They had some spiritual insight. be changed through education, One even suggested that if all the provided the individual is spirit- Christians would pray for ten days ually and not carnally minded. consecutively for the necessary land, one of the land owners of the If the whole matter is put upon community would give it to them. a spiritual plane at the outset, This revealed progress in our in- there is certainty of success. That terview. Through an interpreter this is not merely theoretical and I tried to get across to them the pious reasoning, I shall prove from idea that American Christians like * Self-Support jn Village Chul'ches, A r€'port of a survey, by C. H. Loehlin.

facts presented in Mr. Loehlin's Christian Church take them into report. I heard the statements account?

presented that morning on the edge It is being done in certain quart- of the village summed up in, "We ers. In the district of Dornakal in are too poor to give." I heard it East Central India, the Indian again in places inside and outside Anglican Bishop heartily believes of India. I knew that those who in self-support. A village congre- said it were poor. Some of them gation planned to build a 500 rupee probably poorer than anybody in church. They asked aid from the the United States. But even so, Diocesan Fund. The Bishop told they are not too poor to give some- them he knew a better way than thing. I feel that a mistake has that to get the money. He called been made in too ready acceptance together the women of the congre- by the Church in America and by gation and asked them what could some of the missionaries of the be done. They all thought the psychological attitude "too poor to church was too poor to raise the give." Judged by our American money. "Will all the women who standards of living, it is easy and prepare only one meal a day for natural to accept the statement the family, please come over to that a person who seldom if ever this side," said the Bishop. Not knows the satisfaction of having one arose. It was evident that had enough to eat, and who is im- every family had at least two meals mersed in debt, is too poor to give a day. There was some grain at anything, even to the Lord's work. hand, so the Bishop said: "I want Yet such persons can give work or you to give for the building of your a part of their daily food, rice or church enough grain or flour, each other grain, and occasionally, when day, as will reach up to the middle they have any money they can give joint of your fingers, when you a portion of that. measure out the grain for the fam- In developing giving, we should ily meal. He then measured out ask: What support before conver- before them what would make a sion have the people given to their week's offering of this sort. With former religion? One person told eighty families making contribu- me that converts could not be ex- tions in this manner, the value at pected to give as much to the sup- the end of a year would equal about port of Christianity as to idolatry, 150 rupees. The women saw the because Christianity lifts them to point and agreed to try this better a higher social plane with conse- plan. What was the result? The quent higher cost of family mainte- first year's gifts amounted to more nance. The amount spent in the than 150 rupees. At the end of the support of idolatry, even by the three years, the congregation de- poor, is in the aggregate a huge cided that they would like to have sum annually. The Hindu shop- a church worth double what they keeper, when he opens his shop had originally planned and they each day, puts a pice (0 cent) decided to build it all from their aside for the temple. The income own offerings. Compute what the from land owned by the Hindu members of that church gained in temple goes to the priest. The spiritual values by their own ef- Hindus are accustomed to these in- forts. They secured values that digenous methods of the support of could come to them in no other religion. Why should not the way. Though the church structure

POVERTY-STRICKEN CHRISTIANS

was delayed, every member was in things practical, carpentry and growing in grace and was experi- weaving, so that he can go into a encing the daily joy of giving. village and support himself while Their building is a monument to a conducting religious services and method which can be copied any- teaching the children to read.

where in the foreign field. It is Seven men thus trained are now not patented nor copyrighted. in service. A like number of Mis- Another indigenous method in sion paid workers are thus set free India is the offering at the festival for work elsewhere.

held at harvest time. Pastors have At Ongole, the Baptists are urg- their people assemble. One villager ing self-support by having the In- may bring a chicken, another a dian pastor farm a piece of land goat, another a calf, according to given by the Mission, or work as ability. In the Dornakal Diocese an artisan, say a leather worker.

most of the gifts come from the What the pastors thus earn is sup- daily handsful of grain throughout plemented by the harvest festival the year, the next largest amounts offerings of the Christians. This come from the gifts at the harvest again is an indigenous method. The festivals, and the least amount United Presbyterians in India ex- comes from the subscription lists pect their Indian pastors to be of actual money. These Christians responsible for raising their own are the poorest of the poor; they salaries. It is said that this plan live in straw huts and sleep on the keeps the pastor busy, for the ground. The reason that they give Pun jab i Christian wants his as they do, is because they have money's worth. Unless the pastor been taught to do it from the very is faithful to his duty of teaching, beginning. It was a part of their preaching and visitation, the peo- instruction in the Christian Way ple delay their offerings. In South of Life. They were not considered India the daily gift of grain from "too poor to give." They were the family food supply is generally told that every Christian must give practised by the rural Christians.

according to ability. Consequently Earthenware jars for holding the they have grown up as Christians Lord's par t ion are distributed believing that they should give and among the people and are widely they experience real joy in doing used. The Roman Catholics, who it. The ordinary way of doing would never admit the principle things seems to have been reversed that people are "too poor to give,"

at Dornakal and with excellent re- are said in South India to require sults. Instead of the Mission start- of the fisherfolk the catch on Fri- ing the work and then gradually day for the Church.

withdrawing, the Indian Chris- The individual gifts of the In- tians themselves saw the need in dian Christians in the areas re- Dornakal, began the work, and ferred to are not large, about one now three English missionaries are rupee (36 cents) per year. It may there working under an Indian look pitifully small. In the aggre- Bishop. No expensive buildings gate, however, it is producing self- are put up, but what is within the support, giving large numbers in ability of the Indian Christians to the Church the joy of accomplish- provide and to maintain. While ment developing independent rath- the Indian evangelist is trained in er than dependent, servile, parasitic things Biblical he is also instructed· Christians, the sort of folk on

whom we can depend to do their ing. We must be careful not to share, according to ability, of evan- repress or discourage this expresgelizing their fellow nationals. I sion. The Mission's psychological have drawn most of my illustra- attitude regarding the new betions from India, because if the liever's status must be "ability to Christian Church can attain self- give." "They can who think they support there, poverty stricken as can" was one of the mottoes used most of the Christians are, it can with excellent effect in it series of attain it anywhere. missionary conventions in America some years ago. I commend it to Evangelism which rightly urges the Christians of rising churches the giving of the heart to God must in non-Christian lands. I commend include the giving of possessions. it likewise to those missionaries There has been too much leaning who have the privilege of the early on foreign help in many quarters. training in stewardship of those who are just learning to take the The psychological attitude "too first steps in the way of the life poor" to give can be changed by abundant. education to "I want to give." Love expresses itself in an offer- WORLD-WIDE LUTHERANISM The following statistics from France-Paris Rapt. llfctn, The Lutheran of June 19, are im- Montbeliard …….. . pressively of special interest in Alsace …………. . 27,570 connection with the four hundredth 245,077 anniversary of the Augsburg Con- Holland ………….. . 85,000 Italy ……………. . fession this year. 986 North America COUNTRIES IN WHICH LUTHER- 4,505,286 ANISM IS ACTIVE IN 1930 United States and Canada 13,000 Greenland ………… . 80 Europe Bapt. Mem. Mexico …………… . 158 Cuba ……………. . 1,492 Denmark …………. . 3,364,500 Porto Rico ……….. . 1,961 Iceland …………… . 102,400 Virgin Island ……… . Norway ………….. . 60,817 Sweden ………….. . 2,200,000 South America 6,484 Finland ………….. . 6,051,000 Esthonia …………. . 3,426,060 Brazil …………… . 40,000 Latvia …………… . Argentina ………… . 4,000 Germany …………. . 870,000 Chile ……………. . 4,000 Danzig ………….. . 1,055,167 Paraguay ………… . 3,000 Austria ………….. . 30,182,421 Uruguay …………. . Czecho-Slovakia ……. . Dutch Guiana …….. . 319,440 Poland ………….. . 560 52,000 Lithuania ………… . 248,078 Asia 2,475 Russia …………… . 553,927 Hungary …………. . 537,000 India ……………. . 337,805 Rumania …………. . China ……………. . Jugo-Slavia 60,000 Japan …………… . 45,708 920,000 491 German ………… . 492,695 Africa Slovak …………. . 405,668 Switzerland ………. . Africa 120,000 55,000 Australia 1,000 Australia …………. . New Zealand ……… .

Grand Total of World Lutheranism ……. . 56,122,101

WHAT'S GOING ON IN SUB-CONSCIOUS

INDIA?

BY THE REV. EMIL W. MENZEL lIfissiQrl,ury oj the Eva.rngcliool Synod oj North America T HE 5,000,000 reported Chris- ably far stronger than any direct tians in India are far from appeal a preacher can make. evenly distributed. In some This was well illustrated recent- sections of South India as high as ly in our own field. In the village one-third or even one-half of the of Sankra, five years ago, there population is Christian, while in was not one Christian. Fifteen other large areas there is not a years before a man and his family single Christian. Sakti State, with had become Christian and they a population of about 45,000, has were promptly chased out of the no Christians, while Jaspur State, village. Then, one family became less than a hundred miles away, Christian and remained in Sankra.

has thousands. Nor does it depend Today in that village, after five entirely on how much missionary years, there are 119 Christians, work has been done in any partic- making Sankra perhaps the strong- ular area. Madras, where the In- est outstation in our mission. The dian Christians have become a real state of mind in the two neighbor- power, has probably not had much ing villages is such that we have more missionary attention than reason to hope the thing will be many another section of northern repeated there. There has really or central India where the progress not been any individual responsible has been painfully slow. Even for the happening. It was rather locally we notice the difference. the power of suggestion spreading In Sakti State more work has been through the village.

done and over a longer period of Stanley Jones' brilliant work in time than in Sarangarh State, yet India is based on the assumption in the former perhaps three Chris- that the intelligentsia of India is tians have come out and in the further advanced in Christian latter two hundred. thought than either we or those Its the old story of "unto every- affected have rea liz e d. And one that hath shall be given." The through his meetings and round more Chrstians there are in a 10- table discussions he has drawn into cality the better the chance of in- the conscious mind of numerous creasing numbers. This is partly educated Indians many a Christian due to the fact that, while we all thought with which their subcon- pretend to be leaders, only very scious mind has for some time been few of us really are, but wait for at grips. Sub-conscious India may someone else to show us the way. be nearer Christianity than con- It is also due to the fact that going scious India realizes. At least that in company with others lends us is the impression one gets when both courage and conviction. But one reads the constantly increasing there is still a third reason, namely amount of semi-Christianized liter- that the subconscious appeal, ature which score upon score of which automatically comes through prominent Hindu leaders are turn- seeing other Christians, is prob- ing out. They are simply reading 745

Christian content into their Hindu to the refrain "and they have taken traditions, and realize only faintly, these almost aboriginal and drunk- if at all, the true source from en peoples like the Ouraons and which they are absorbing their Mundaris and made intelligent and ideas. educated peoples of them." He Just the other day I had an ex- recited how the Christian communi- perience which may prove to be an ties, though of most lowly origin example of how the subconscious and in the minority, forced the mind in India is being affected by rajahs of some of the most despotic Christianity. My family and I and backward native states to were on the train going from more progressive rule. I can still Raipur to Sakti. Two Indian hear him repeat and repeat- gentlemen were in the same com- "those Christians are always on partment with us, and from their the side of progress. In one gen- conversation it was apparent that eration they have made college both were public school officials, students out of savages that used fairly high up· in service. As we to drink themselves to death."

passed Tilda, where our new hos- For almost an hour we conpital is being puilt, one of the In- versed, most of the time being dian gentlemen inquired of me taken by the Inspector General of about the hospital. The conversa- public schools in east Chota Nagtion went on real tamely until one pur, in telling about the mission of the men made a remark that institutions and the Christian com- "there are only very few Chris- munity in and about Ranchi. I tians in India and they are not said little. A Hindu was saying very strong." what I wanted said to the third At this his companion, from his man, more eloquently than I could appearance undoubtedly an ortho- have said it. And, finally, the man dox Hindu, interposed-"But, you who made the remark about there must not judge from what you see not being any Christians in India here. You should go to Chota turned to me and said, "I suppose Nagpur and see what the Chris– you people are going to make tians are doing there." (NOTE:- Christians out of all of us."

Chhattisgarh in which we are How did he get that way? No- working is one of the backward body had said anything to him sections of India and has proved to calling for that remark, unless his be one of the most stubborn in the own subconscious mind told him acceptance of Christianity. Chota that Christianity is supplying Nagpur, a neighboring state, and something to the development of the particular field of the Gassner India and the Indians without Mission, has been quite responsive, which you simply cannot do.

in some sections one-third of the The work in our own Chhattispopulation having been affected.) garh district has been most uphill, Then this man went on to tell of but the power of suggestion, which the excellent schools which both at present is only tugging away at Roman Catholics and Lutherans subconscious Chhattisgarh, will conduct in Ranchi, the hospitals, soon break through into the con- trade schools, orphanages, welfare sciousness of many. And it will do organizations, and ·churches. Not it with such force that there can once, but again and again, he came be no mistaking its identity.

JOHN SIMON REPORTS ON INDIA*

BY CHARLES JOHNSTON JULY 4, 1776, is a significant modify or restrict the degree of date, as is July 14, 1789. The responsible government" after the corresponding day for India is act had been in force for ten years. Aug. 20, 1917. But India's decla- This commission was duly ap- ration was not made in India, nor pointed with Sir John Simon as by one or many natives of India. chairman, and, after two visits to It was made in the British House India, it has submitted to his of Commons by Edwin Samuel Majesty King George the two vol- Montagu, M. P., at that time and umes of the report.

for the next five years Secretary The first volume, entitled "Sur- of State for India. The heart of vey," gives an outline of the his- that declaration is in the first tory and geography of India in paragraph: dignified and diplomatic language.

"The policy of his Majesty's We may, perhaps, allow ourselves Government, with which the Gov- something more of freedom in con- ernment of India are in complete veying its substance.

accord, is that of the increasing A generation ago the Govern- association of Indians in every ment of India was in fact a mili- branch of the administration and tary despotism, whose strength the gradual development of self- lay, first, in the British Army of governing institutions with a view some 75,000 men, and, second, in to the progressive realization of the peaceful disposition and in the responsible government in India many divisions of the immense as an integral part of the British population of India. As a military Empire." despotism India had enjoyed, and That is the point of departure was destined to enjoy, complete in- of Sir John Simon's commission. ternal peace, a government cif law, The promise of the Secretary of administered by something less State for India, whose function it than one thousand Indian civil ser- is to interpret the will of the Par- vants, who, by universal testimony, liament at Westminster to the were wholly incorruptible; India Viceroy of India at New Delhi, or further enjoyed, or suffered, an at Simla, was fulfilled by the Gov- entire absence of partisan politics, ernment of India Act of 1919; this with the manifold activities which act contained a provision that, accompany partisan politics. When after a period of ten years had the government of Queen Victoria elapsed, and therefore in the year had taken the reins of power from 1929, a commission should be ap- the defunct East India Company pointed to inquire into the work- after the Indian mutiny of 1857, ing of the act of 1919 and to report her Majesty had proclaimed a de- as to whether, and to what extent, termination to admit natives of "it is desirable to establish the India to the various branches of principle of responsible govern- government, to the degree that ment in British India, or to extend, they were qualified "by their edu- *Reprinted from the Book Review Magazine cation, ability and integrity." By of 'l'he Np-u, York Times. 1861 a beginning was made to re- 747

deem this promise by surrounding The awkward division between the Viceroy and the Governors of these stalwart civilians and the provinces with councils, which in- new native Ministers was known cluded distinguished natives of In- by the awkward name "Dyarchy," dia, who were free to give advice which has had all the disadvanbut had no effective votes. In 1892 tages inseparable from divided authese councils were expanded. thority.

In 1909 John Morley, who had The Liberal aspirations of Morbeen made a Viscount, was Secre- ley and Montagu were not comtary of State for India. As a good pletely realized. Little clouds, such Gladstonian Liberal Morley felt it as presage the rains, gathered in to be his duty to extend to India the sky. The class of Englishthe principle of democracy, which, speaking native politicians, who in association with Lord Minto, had been voicing their ideas since then Viceroy, he proceeded to do about the year 1885, when the Naby introducing a very limited elec- tional Congress came into being, tion into the councils, though they expressed themselves as, on the still had only an advisory capacity. whole, entirely dissatisfied with the Dyarchy. The Montagu- Eight years later carne the fa- Chelmsford reforms had not gone mous Montagu Declaration, and nearly far enough to please them. then, in 1919, the Government of Further, the effort of the reform- India Act, embodying what are makers to do justice at the same called the "Montagu – Chelmsford time to the Hindu majority and Reforms." The Act of 1919 cre- the Mohammedan minority had ated a Legislature for each of nine widened the rift between these two provinces, of which Madras, Ben- communities, each of which was gal and Bombay are the oldest. It afraid of being overreached by the also created a Legislature for the other; and exactly in proportion whole of British India, which we as the reforms developed, hostility may call a central parliament or a federal congress, with the reserva- between the two communities intion that it is not exactly either of creased, with the result that in these two institutions. Each of India the word "communal" has the nine provincial Legislatures, come to refer to this fundamental a single chamber assembly, con- religious cleavage. We need not tained certain outstanding mem- include in this survey incidents bers, who were called Ministers, springing from the agitation set and to whom portfolios were en- in motion by Mahatma Gandhi, trusted, giving them authority sin c e the Simon Report was over the making of good roads, avowedly completed before that education, public health and sim- complication arose. ilar subjects, but in no case over police, the courts of law, or land So far the historic background, revenue. These "reserved" sub- very superficially sketched. Now jects continued to be administered a word about geography. The funin fact by the members of the damental division in India is be- Indian Civil Service, who had su- tween that part which is directly pervised the whole system of gov- under British rule (primarily the ernment and all its details since nine provinces with their Govthe days of the Indian Mutiny. ernors and Legislatures, already outlined) and the Native States.

SIR JOHN SIMON REPORTS ON INDIA

which are autonomous countries but that the division of authority under the suzerainty of the King- indicated by the word dyarchy Emperor, represented in India by should be abolished. Instead, practhe Viceroy at New Delhi. Since tically all departments in each the status of these native states is province should be turned over to fixed by treaty, the British Parlia- the Legislatures, with their Minment is not in a position to legis- istries, and that every effort should late for them. Therefore, the Na- be made to create and strengthen tive States, in area about 800,000 a sense of responsibility in a square miles, with a population of united Cabinet, the Ministers actabout 70,000,000, are not affected ing as a unit and held responsible by the Montagu-Chelmsford re- as a unit, in accordance with the forms, and enter only incidentally system at present followed in into the report of the Simon com- Britain, whose Cabinet is wholly mission under review. different from the President's Cab- inet at Washington. In general, With a good many unavoidable one may say that the prescriptions omissions, this is the substance of for the advance of India are altothe first volume, "Survey." What gether British in spirit and genare the "Recommendations" which erally also in form. There is very Sir John Simon and his six dis- little original creative imagination tinguished colleagues have been in them. moved to make? If the recommendations of the To begin with, they openly criti- report were carried out we should cize, even deplore, one element in have nine provinces, each with its the Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms elected Legislature and Ministry, of 1919; namely, the provision but, effectively, all power would that the whole field should be re- remain, as at present, in British viewed ten years later-as it hap- hands. There would be even less pened, by their own committee. change in the central government, They say, with entire justice, that which would also remain predomithis promised, or threatened, re- nantly British, as would the army, vision stamped the whole scheme charged with the defense of India as provisional; that, so stamped, as an integral part of the British it could not possibly have a fair Empire. The report calls the trial; that, in fact, it did not get grouping of the nine provinces and a fair trial. They go on to express certain other areas a "federation," the conviction that this time-pro- but the reality is that the bond of vision should on no account be in- union implied by the report is still serted in any legislation based on the British Army. There is large their investigation and report; provision for local self-governthat, on the contrary, a quite in- ment, though the scheme might be definite period should be allowed for natural growth, which would criticised as too uniform, in view probably follow different lines in of the immense underlying diver- the different provinces. sities; but there is no doubt what- Having thus cleared the ground, ever that, if the ideas of Sir John Simon's commission are followed, they recommend that the system of the authority of Britain over India Legislatures and Ministers for the will remain undiminished. • nine provinces should be continued,

BOOKS ON

N INETEEN hundred and thir- foreign control it kindled and ty is a critical year for In- fanned new ambitions. dia and her population of Nowhere in the world is there over 320,000,000. Great Britain such a vast population with such a this year undertakes to come to great past and individual evidences terms with Indian nationalism. of such high grade ability as in The nineteenth century saw the India. China, Siam, Persia, Arabia, growth of the nationalistic spirit and even Afghanistan are inde- in Europe, and the concentration pendent with their own national of power in the hands of a few flags. But India is still denied great states which seemed des- self-government. Indians must ad- tined to rule the rest of the eastern mit the long list of benefits result- continent. The century closed with ing from British rule, but they Japan coerced by a Russian, claim that many of these were not French, and German combination, disinterested, and that they have the Chinese. imperial court fleeing been accomplished by racial and from Peiping before the allied economic discrimination. The In- troups, India under Curzon, her dian believes that he has just cause most masterful Viceroy, and Africa for complaint.

partitioned. In 1917 England proposed a Then the tide begun to turn. scheme, the Montagu-Chelmsford Resentment at European control system of diarchy, that was to be had been growing for many years, a first step to self-government. It but resistance seemed hopeless. was to be tried out for ten years The Russo-Japanese War was the and then revised as circumstances first demonstration on a grand seemed to warrant. At the end of scale that Europe was not invin- the decade a British commission cible. A new spirit flamed up in was appointed, with Sir John yellow and brown and swarthy Simon as chairman, to investigate men. Persia and Turkey demanded and make recommendations. The and obtained constitutional gov- Indian nationalists made vehement ernment, China became a republic, protests because no Indian was in- and Japan was recognized as one cluded in the membership of this of the world powers. India re- .Commission. The report was re- ceived only small concessions that leased in June of this year. It is were far from representative gov- to be discussed at a round-table ernment. conference in London to be held Next the great War shook every- this fall. Such is the political sit- thing that was shakable. It, and uation that brings India into the still more the diplomatic settle- newspaper headlines.

ments that followed, blasted in the For the last ten years probably minds of Asiatics Europe's claim no single human being has been to moral superiority. Wilson's ap- more talked about than an Indian, peal for self-determination might Mr. Gandhi, now under arrest.

be ignored by the statesmen at Those who criticise his conclusions Versai!les when it presented prac- cannot deny the purity of his char- tical difficulties, but to those under acter and unselfish devotion to 750 principle. Christianity may claim seeking to state the situation as it a share in such a product. Gandhi appear,s from different viewpoints. says that he is not a Christian, but His chapters treat of the emergence he freely acknowledges the influ- of nationalism, the great social and ence of Christ. He is one of the economic problems, the groups into significant phenomena of modern which Indian society is divided, the history. religious ideals to which India most responds, the home life, and the pros- Naturally the political crisis has pect for Christianity. With the wide called out a great bulk of books outlook of a student of missions and and articles. Miss Mayo's caustic comparative religions, and an intimate "Mother India," which for a time knowledge of Indian life, the author was a best seller in America, was packs in fervid style a large amount bitterly resented by Indians and of information and picturesque maprovoked both denial and counter- terial into this little book. charges. It is not difficult today to find reading matter on the sub- A Course for Leaders of Adult Groups ject. Studying India. By T. H. P. Sailer. Paper, 25 cents. These are some of the more spectacular features of the situation This pamphlet presents two apas regards India. The main di- proaches, the first suggesting probrect contribution which American lems for study and discussion on the Christianity is making is its sup- subjects treated in Dr. Buck's textport of nearly 3,000 missionaries book. The other approach is for and the institutional work in which groups more mature and willing to they are engaged. To achieve the study. It divides the main group into greatest efficiency of this work, sub-committees representing respecthere is scope for the wise expend- tively the British Government, the Initure of much more than America dian nationalists, the masses of India, gives. We as Americans should the women, the Christians, and the not read about India merely to missionary body. Each sub-committee keep up-to-date or to satisfy idle meets separately for a period to precuriosity but to learn how we may pare a statement of its viewpoint. cooperate in promoting India's Later all the committees come tobest welfare. gether for a series of meetings in which each presents its statement and For the season of 1930-1931, The is questioned by the other. A list of Friendship Press of the Mission- specific references is given on each ary Education Movement has is- topic. sued the following books for reading and study: India on the March. By Dr. Alden H. Clark. Cloth, $1.00; paper, 60 cents. India Looks to Her Future. By Professor Oscar MacMillan Buck. Cloth, $1.00; The first edition of this book ap- paper, 60 cents. peared in 1922 and was one of the most popular textbooks for young Dr. Buck, Professor of Missions and people and adults desiring simpler Comparative Religion at Drew Theo- presentation. It has been thoroughly logical Seminary, was born in India revised and brought up to date. Dr. of missionary parents, educated in Clark adopts in large part the excel- America, served as a missionary in lent method of concrete narratives India, and recently revisited the coun- which illustrate typical situations. He try in company with Dr. E. Stanley tells stories of Indian villagers and Jones. He writes with sympathy for outcastes which bring out clearly the the land of his birth and boyhood, difficulties which Christianity con- fronts and what it is able to accom- plish. The book makes easy and

pleasant reading and also furnishes alive today and mDves toward tomDrmaterial for discussion. rDW, cDvering a series of ses-sions which provide stDries, discussion ques- Do You Like Our Country~ By Ruth tiDns, references, and suggestiDns fDr Isabel Seabury. Paper, 50 cents. activities and wDrship.

This pamphlet presents suggestions The Golden Sparrow. By Irene Mason for a course 'On India fDr young peo- Harper. Cloth, $1.00; paper, 75 cents. ple. It is based primarily on Dr. Clark's bDDk, but alsD suggests hDW This CDurse for leaders 'Of junior tD use a number 'Of other books in a children CDntains stories about a group prDgram 'Of study, discussiDn, service, of boys whose families represent the and wDrshio. It is therefore brDader more progressive thinkers in India toin SCDpe than the usual helps for day. ThrDugh the experience of this leaders and ShDUld be capable of more g110UP, the author, a missionary in Invaried applicatiDn. It will help to dia for fifteen years to the depressed integrate mission study into the re- classes in the villages, deals with ligiDUS educatiDn 'Of the church. SDme of the most baffling prDblems of present-day India. The second part Freedom. By Welthy Honsinger Fisher. is fDr leaders and contains backgrDund Cloth, 85 cents. material and original and practical suggestions for the use of the stories. This stDry – of tWD students, GDpal and Nalini, a brother and sister in a Bhaskar and His Friends. By Clara G. high-caste Hindu family, cDming intD Labaree. Cloth, $1.00; paper, 75 cents. contact with the new forces in nationalism, western education, and This is a course for leaders of pri- Christianity is very delightful read- mary children and contains stories and ing for young people, and adults as informatiDnal material 'On India with well. The bODk is illustrated with suggestions for its use. These sugsketches drawn by Indian artist gestions are based on actual teaching students at Rabindranath TagDre's experience in using the material with school. three different groups of children. The author was for five years a mis- The Star of India. By Isabel Brown sionary in India, and there taught in Rose. Cloth, $1.00; Paper, 75 cents. the Mary B. Harding Kindergarten Training SChODl, in Sholapur, and aI- This reading book 'Of fascinating -so served as principal of the Josephine stDries 'Of old India and also India of Kindergarten. tDday is written for boys and girls 'Of junior high schoDl age. It tells Another interesting hDOk is: 'Of the adventures of heroic men and women, both Indians and westerners India in 1928-1929. By John Coatman. who have heloed the Indian people, 416 pp. Published by the Government and who have been deCDrated with the of India. Calcutta. Agent in Ameria, Star 'Of India. The illustratiDns, black The British Library of Information, and white sketches, are by Edith E. 551 Fifth Ave., New York. $1.00. Strutton, WhD lives in India. This is a report to the British Par- 'Out of Yesterday Into Tomorrow. By liament on the moral and material Mary Jenness. Paper, 50 cents. progress 'Of India by the DirectDr 'Of Public Information of the GDvern- This is a CDurse bODk 'On India fDr ment, and is published "under the leaders of intermediates, based pri- authority and with the general apmarily on "The Star of India," but proval of the Secretary of State for giving other reference sources as well. India." It is a vDlume of first hand Like "The Star of India" it treats of information and judicial spirit-re- 'Old India and India of tDday, there markable fDr its authoritative presenbeing tWD units-yesterday's India tation of a wide range of subjects.

OF TRAVEL

Som e Things S een and H eard in Burma, Siam and Malaya BY DELAVAN L. PIERSON TRAVEL LETTER NO.7 work, medical service and social I NA tour such as this one is im- uplift, industrial missions and pressed by the vast variety that characterizes God's w 0 rId. physical training-but there is a There are ooth the surface variations and those that go deeper. rich variation in the types of mis- Interesting and informing articles might be written on "smelling sionaries in their personal charone's way around the world" (how rich and varied are the odors!), or acteristics and ideas; their denomon "chords and discords in many lands"; or on "traffic cops I have inational and theological cTohloerriengi~' met," or on "varieties of bathing their purpose and plans. experiences." One might write on also a striking variety in the native Christians met and in the churches and institutions established, in fi- nancial methods and ideals, and in equipment and organization.

"modes of travel-ancient and modern." This would include camel, donkey, elephant and horse, goofa (Tigris round tubs) and sampans; mule litter and ham- mock; tonga (two-wheeled car) and bullock ekka; sedan chair, wheelbarrow and ricksha; two- storied camel and cart and Peiping (springless) cart. There are also the most modern modes such as A BULLOCK CART I N INDI A steamer, tram car, railway, automobile and airplane. There are But in the midst of all this vari- the varieties in race and color, in ety there is, or should be, an speech and writing, in manners underlying unity. Any mode of and customs. A very interesting travel is useful that helps one to story m(ght be told of money and reach the goal; beneath the surfmoney-changers, or of foods-de- ace men and women are much the licious and malicious. Going deep- same in their instincts and needs; er we find world-wide varieties in children are attractive and lovescience and religion, in politics and able-in spite of dirt–in all lands .

industrial conditions, in the status the essentials to happiness and of women and the training of chil- well-being do not vary greatly dren. under all governments and all so- Similarly we have been im- cial and industrial conditions. pressed by the vast variety in mis- Righteousness, sympathy and unsionary work around the world. selfish service spell peace and pros- Not only are there varied methods perity anywhere.

-such as preaching and teaching, Also in missionaries and mission printed literature and colportage work we find room for almost end- 3 753

less variety, if we keep true to the ful work is among the Karens and basic purpose and principles laid the animistic tribes of the north.

down by Jesus Christ and the early The American Baptist Judson apostles (missionaries). We have College at Rangoon (with 600 stu- seen that so-called evangelistic dents, about 60% of them Chris- work or preaching is not always tian) has recently become a part successful and that educational or of the University of Rangoon.

medical work may produce even There are strong Methodist and larger results under the right con- Baptist schools for boys and girls ditions. Some workers under in Rangoon, and Burmese and every society and all denominations Karen theological seminaries for have evidenced the power of God the training of evangelists.

working through them. The great An impressive and fruitful piece essential has been proved to be of work is being carried on under God working through the mission- Mr. Dyer, one of the Baptist mis- aries and the need for Christ and sionaries, with the help of Chris- His Gospel, and their efficacy has tian students of the seminary and not changed. The power of the the college. Each week-end a group Spirit of God is the same in every of these students go on an evan- land and at all times. Thus in the gelistic campaign to some town midst of endless variety ther~ is, where there is a nucleus of Chris- or should be, essential unity. tians. This local group has made It has been our privilege to see special preparations and has ad- a wide range of missionaries and vertised the event. On Saturday Christian work in Asia. Some has afternoon athletic con t est s-of evidently been fruitful in abiding which the Burmese are fond-are spiritual results, while some is ap- planned between the local boys and parently barren. Human judg- the visitors. All the spectators are ment may be at fault. Wheat and invited to attend a concert or tares must be allowed to grow to- simple drama to be given by the gether until the harvest, but no Rangoon students in the evening.

servant of Christ will knowingly This is always a strong attraction.

sow tares. . Between the numbers on the pro- One of our greatest joys on this gram the Christian students give tour has been to see the unity and their testimony as to what Christ loyalty to Christ that characterize has done for them personally. This most of the Protestant mission- witness is more effective than a aries in Asia. That is the only sermon. It attracts townspeople motive that can make them willing and greatly benefits the boys who to remain at their task. It is too testify. Then the audience is difficult and too hopeless otherwise. invited to a Christian service on In every denomination and in Sunday morning and the afternoon every branch of service we have and evening are given up to per- found such spirit-filled, loyal sonal work with inquirers. On workers. Monday the visiting students re- Our visit to Burma was un- turn to their studies.

fortunately too short to permit The fruits of this evangelism are visits to Ava and other fields evident both in the lives of the where Adoniram Judson worked Christian students who take part and laid the foundations of the in the campaigns and in the num- Church in Burma. The most fruit- ber of inquirers who are led to

VARIETIES OF TRAVEL EXPERIENCE

Christ. In one town near Rangoon The Burmese are, as a rule, a quiet, some girls of the mission school peaceful people, but they show no were so impressed that they be- satisfaction in their faces and no came Christians. The Buddhist power in their lives. The most parents of some became alarmed effective Christian evangelism has and thirty-five pupils were with- been done among the Karens and drawn from the school. It was other animists who have not been found to be "dangerous" to have brought so fully under the sway them under such Christian influ- of Buddhism. ence. But the school had proved its missionary character. The Siam is the only absolute montragedy of the situation is that archy left in Asia, and almost the while there are funds provided for only one in the world today. The the educational work, this effective people are mild and peaceful like evangelism has no place in the bud- the Burmese, and with their Budget and funds must be sought from dhist philosophy. Unfortunately time did not permit us to go furoutside sources. ther than Bangkok, the capital and The omnipresence of the Bud- city of canals. The land is so low that anywhere you dig a trench dhist priest with his begging bowl near Bangkok a canal appears. carrier impresses one in Burma. Consequently the drainage is poor The priest is not supposed to and malaria abounds. (Mosquito "beg," but an attendant carries a bags are always provided for the bowl into which those who wish to legs of guests at dinner.) In Siam "acquire merit" are permitted to too, the most fruitful missionary place an offering. Buddhism is work has been carried on in the much less oppressive and offensive North among the Laos who are than the Hinduism of India and animistic Buddhists. less antagonistic to Christianity than Islam, but its philosophy of One peculiarity about Siam is transmigration of the soul, its doc- that the country is almost wholly trine of nirvana (the extinction of an American Presbyterian mission all desire) and of salvation by field. The Baptists have had· a works (acquiring merit) are dead- work among the Chinese who have ening to progress and to spiritual been coming to Siam in increasing life. The priesthood-into which numbers, and recentfy Seventhall boys are supposed to enter for Day Adventists and Plymouth three years-is an incubus on so- Brethren have begun work. The ciety. The religious monks and American Bible Society is also an nuns and the myriad temples must important factor in the evangelizabe supported and without any ade- tion of Siam. quate return to the public. The Shive Dagon, that famous Rangoon "Is it an advantage for one detemple with its huge gold covered nomination to have exclusive respire and multitudes of shrines, is sponsibility for one field?" I asked a fair sample of Buddhism. I saw some missionaries in Bangkok. I multitudes of men and women had in mind the oft repeated obwalking barefooted around the jections to "denominational rivaltemple, kneeling before shrines ry." "Not altogether," they replied. and making offerings, while priests "Unfriendly rivalry is a detriment, chanted for them the prayers that but there is a stimulus to workers they themselves could not utter. in the presence of workers from another society." There is even in

religion a competition that pro- pendent Federated States (under motes efficiency. Monopoly has its British supervision) and Straits disadvantages. Settlements (under British con- trol) exist side by side. The Siam and the Lao country have British forbid direct Christian been wonderfully fruitful, but re- miSSIOnary work among Mohamcently missionary progress seems medans so that the Malays are to have been retarded. The Gov- practically untduched. No such ernment is ~riendly. The King tale can be told here as in the was educated in England but con- Dutch East Indies, where 45,000 tinues his Buddhist worship and former Moslems have become the priesthood and superstitions Christians. Most of the mission have a strong hold on the people. work in British Malay and Fed- In front of the house where we erated States is among the Chinese were staying, and before many who are the chief bankers and emhomes and shops, was the little ployers. Many are wealthy and birdlike "spirit house" in which build large, expensive houses that look like consulates or embassies. DUTCH MISSION LEPER COLONY- They are, however, not accustomed SUMATRA to such style and usually live in the kitchen or outbuildings, only openofferings of rice are made daily to ing the front of the house for state propitiate the spirits. occasions. These Chinese come from South China and are gener- In Siam, as elsewhere, there is ally wide awake and eager to learn only one power, one plan, one per- English. They therefore like to sonality, that can prevail. "What attend mission schools and colleges, message shall I take to the people which are commonly called "Angloof America?" I asked a Christian Chinese." The American Methoteacher of mathematics in Bang- dists have taken advantage of this kok Christian College. He was an eagerness and have opened many earnest and intelligent Siamese large and well-equipped educationwho had been a Buddhist and had al institutions. Altogether they given up all to follow Christ. I have 15,653 under instruction in visited his home and found his British Malaya. It is a great opmother still a Buddhist. He de- portunity. They teach the Bible voted part of his time on Sundays and conduct chapel services, but to preaching and teaching the Gos- the vast majority of their students pel. After a thoughtful silence, he and many of their teachers replied: "Tell the Christians in are non-Christians. Educationally America to send us only those these schools and colleges stand whose chief desire is to bring our high, but comparatively few of the people to know and follow Christ. students become Christians. Send us those who put Christ first." As in other mission fields, there are man y representatives of From Siam we passed into smaller missionary societies at Malay Peninsula, where inde- work in Malaya. Some of these are accused of being too prone to "poach on others' preserves" in- stead of doing pioneer work. Others are doing excellent work.

We attended an inspiring confer- done by the missionaries of Ghrist, ence of Christians, conducted at under the direction of the Spirit Kuala Lumpur by the Plymouth of God, to transform the flats and Brethren, during the Easter holi- morasses of Malaya social and re- days. Here we found a devout ligious life into a wholesome and band of about 200 Chl'istians, many active community dominated by of them young men and young the Cross of Christ. It cannot be women, who had l!ome from a ra- done merely through commercial dius of 200 miles on a three-day prosperity, or by legislation or sec- holiday for conference and prayer. ular education. Something higher The m 0 r n i n g meetings for and more powerful is needed. prayer were especially uplifting "Shall the missionaries be reand the Sunday morning Commun- called?" is the title of a recent ion Service will not be forgotten.

Here for two hours, with no leader but the Holy Spirit, the prayers, songs and testimonies continued to make God's presence felt.

While in Kuala Lumpur we met a Tamil from South India who showed strength and refinement in every line. His wife and family were at every meeting. A few years ago he came, as a Hindu, to Singapore for a holiday. There A MAT RIARCHAL HOUSE he met a friend who persuaded him to come to one of these conferences. article in an American periodical. He came, was impressed by what The author expresses the conviche heard and saw and ultimately tion that one half of the missionbecame a Christian. As a result, aries in the field should return he moved to Malaya for Christian home. But which half? He votes fellowship and service. Many such for the recall of those whom he instances might be told. declares to be old-fashioned in the- Singapore, one of the largest ology and unscientific in attitude shipping centers in the world and and method. In other words, he the mingling place of all races and would retain only those who could tongues and nations, is now a city pass an examination in the "wis- of over 500,000 inhabitants and dom of this world." Our observa- has a wonderful harbor which 10,- tions on this missionary tour would 000 foreign vessels enter every lead us to vote otherwise. The year. One hundred years ago it great work of missions has been was not much more than a fishing and is being accomplished today by village on a mud flat. Sir Stamford those who are most versed in the Raffles saw its possibilities as a wisdom of God, men and women port for British trade of the East who are most given to prayer and India Company, and acquired the whose scientific approach and island froin the Sultan of Jahore. power are those of the Spirit of What has been done by the British God. But only God Himself can in transforming the mud flats into infallibly choose those who should a great commercial center, can be go or those who should remain.

A NEW MISSION STUDY

RECONCILIATION TRIPS BY CLARENCE V. HOWELL, Director W HEN we study China let us have been in New York City for visit the Chinese in our own eight years making these contacts. city. When we study the I have been taking students and Near East let us visit the Syrians others on visits in New York to and the Turks in our home town, Negro Harlem, to Chinatown, to or the Greek, Russian and Armeni- Hindus, BUddhists, and Moslems, an Orthodox Churches in our own and to Radical Labor Headquar- community. When we study India ters. I'll tell you how. Of course, let us visit the people of India liv- you have questionings. Three ing among us as students or resi- questions arise in your mind: 1st- dents. And when we visit them Who am I? 2nd-What are Rec- let us do so in the spirit that E. onciliation Trips? 3rd-What re- Stanley Jones visits them in their lation have they to missionary own India. .He expects a quicken- work?

ing of his spiritual life by contact Who Am I~ with deeply spiritual Hindus and I am a Methodist minister, a Buddhists and he experiences what member of the Michigan Conferhe expects. He has a reverence for ence. My good helpmeet was a their sacrifice and his respect for deaconess in that Church. We are them is increased. He appreciates employed by the Home Board of their culture, their thought-power, our denomination-specifically the and their philosophy of life, and is Department of Evangelism-to be appreciated in return by them. evangels of good will to un- churched peoples as well as to racia1 We need these personal contacts. groups against which there is We are now like the botanist who antipathy. Our purpose is to had studied books on trees but achieve reconciliation bet wee n could not tell one tree from an- groups. By reconciliation we do other. So he made friends with a not mean agreement. The fire lumberman-eamped with him, glint of true friendship often lived with him, worked with him. comes from disagreement. There was a transfer of knowledge. This theoretical expert be- came a practical expert. I do not What are Reconciliation Trips ~ need to argue the case. You have Reconciliation Trips are group always wanted to go to the lands visits to Chinese, Indians, Japaabout which you studied-not nese, Italians, Russians, Syrians, aware that people of these lands Jews, Latin Americans and Nehave come to us, are right here groes; contact studies of mystic, among us. psychic, economic, social, political, industrial and labor groups. They Let me be your lumb~rman. I !fr. Howen will sflnd directions for conduct- are conducted in New York, Chiing Rll('h tl'ipf.1 to Ullyune who will send him cago, Philadelphia and Boston; but his addrPRs. TrillS ar~ being conducted In New York is our choice, for it has Chicagu, Room 1421, Chicago Temple; Boston, the greatest variety of races, isms, 14 Beacon St. (Boston Friendship Tours); and Philadelphia. Reconciliation Trips, 229 W. 48th St., New York City.

758 religions. The purpose of Recon- have a problem in order to think. ciliation Trips is to reconcile group So Reconciliation Trips make my to group, as well as person to per- group think, enrich their culture son-not to convert those we visit, and bring them into "love and not to be converted. Friendship, charity with their neighbor" fellowship, love between groups groups. have intrinsic worth, regardless of ideas either group holds. In dealing with the groups we visit we do not pretend to be su- The Method: The sine qua non perior to them. We do not repudiof reconciliation is to bring quar- ate their labels. How can we do relling persons, or anti-pathetic anything to bring about reconciligroups, face to face at the point of ation with a group against whom conflict. So we conduct groups of prejudice exists if we feel ourselves nordic blondes, many southerners, superior to them. These are not into the heart of Negro Harlem. sightseeing trips. People do not Our colored hosts show us through like to be looked over. These are their beautiful homes, churches not slumming escapades. People and other centers. Their most with self-respect resent slumming talented leaders address us on vital parties (without return engageproblems which are slurred in ments) . These are not social servnewspaper publicity. Their best ice trips. The tone of charity choirs sing to us Negro spirituals. degrades the group helped in the We eat food prepared by Negro eyes of the doner.

chefs in the Southern way-hot Relation to Missionary Work bread, fried chicken, waffles, and potato pie. We conduct the same Many mlSSlOn study classes kind of trips to about thirty other sponsor these trips. They find that groups. the trips make real the knowledge printed in the books. The Busi- There are by-products. My like- ness and Professional Woman's ness has little enrichment to offer Mission Club of Peddie Memorial my life, for I received the same Baptist Church, Newark, New Jerculture in the same kind of school, sey, had us conduct them on a trip the same kind of home, the same to the Near East. That was the kind of church, the same kind of subject of their study. I shall tell community. But that yellow man, you more of that trip later. They that black man, that "red" man have arranged to have us conduct can give me something. He re- them on a trip to Chinatown very ceived it from sources I never con- soon. The Department of Relitacted. Historians often say: gious Education of Teachers College "This migration meant progress, had us conduct them on a trip to for two strange cultures met." the World's Living Religions in New York City-Moslems, Hindus A second by-product is thought- and Buddhists. They have arprovokers. The new ideas of the ranged for another trip to Eastern "reds" are like percussion caps to Orthodox Churches. Professor our thinking. Their explosions William M. Gilbert, of Drew Theowithin touch off our thought proc- logical Seminary, had us conduct esses. I have known people who his class in missions on a trip to never thought before who thought Union Labor Headquarters. About for six months steady after a trip sixty per cent of our industrial through Radical Labor Headquarters. John Dewey tells us we must

laborers are immigrants. They penters of Nazareth in Jesus time comprise the groups which we did that kind of work. study in Home Missions. How can we fully know their problems if Then Dr. Salloum Mokarzel, we ignore their working condi- Editor of the Syrian World, told tions? A trip studying labor con- us about Syrians in New York City ditions brings us face to face with and the United States. We found their everyday life. Professor that it was not necessary to go to Gilbert has arranged for us to con- the Near East to find Syrians. duct this class on eighteen trips They are all about us in Greater during three years, six trips each New York. There are some thouyear. These trips are required for sands in other cities in America. credit. They bring with them their beau- tifuf social life and congenial hos- Two Typical Trips pitality. But they become soon assimilated and thereby we lose On the Trip to the Near East much of their culture and characmentioned above, we had a real teristics which have been developed Syrian luncheon at the Sheik Res- during the centuries. taurant with a variety of Near East We next come in contact with foods and Turkish coffee. Here the Moslem Turks in New York. we broke the same kind of bread We met them at the Bahai Center. that Jesus broke and blessed by the The Bahai faith has about the Sea of Galilee. It was concerning same relationship to the Moslem faith as the Christian has to the this bread that Jesus spoke when Jewish faith. Mr. and Mrs. Sefa he said: "The grass of the field received us most cordially. Their which today is and tomorrow is manner and way of life showed the cast into the oven." They cut the refined culture of the people grass, the flowers, the weeds today of Constantinople. Mrs. S e f a and let them dry. Tomorrow, when brought a Moslem girl friend, an they are dry, they burn them in the accomplished pianist, who played oven, rake out the ashes and place for us, and Mrs. Sefa sang Turkish the thin sheets of dough upon the songs. She also told us about hot oven to bake. The loaves are Turkish social life, changing cussome eighteen inches across and as toms and costumes. Mr. Sefa told thin as a pancake. us about Turkish economic and political forces. Both speakers We next visited the Syrian art answered our questions. The stores and brass shops. We were meeting of these refined Turkish fascinated by the beautiful Per- Moslems, honored with the title of sian rugs, brass art ware, and Bey, would have been a shock to Oriental furnishings. The Syrian many of the Mission Study groups inlaid woodwork made up of thou- a decade ago when many of us sands of insects of vari-colored thought of non-Christian peoples woods created a desire to buy. But as barbarians. The tremendous they sell at $250 to $2,000 each. revolutionary change in the status They call those who create this of women in Turkey has been efbeautiful woodwork, carpenters. fected both from within Turkey I call them artists. I understand and from without. Only a few that this furniture and other deco- years ago in Mrs. Sefa's courtship rative work goes back hundreds of years. I am wondering if the car-

1930J A NEW MISSION STUDY TECHNIQUE

days, young women were not al- look, using a new ritual. The Revlowed to know or keep company erend W. H. Pitkin told us about wit h their would-be husbands. its basic beliefs and religious free- They were not only veiled but were dom. It so happens that most of shut-ins. Today in the prominent the members are Theosophists. centers the customs and costumes They welcome into the church as are much the same as those in the members, Hindus, Buddhists, Mos- West. Perhaps the danger is that lems, Jews or Atheists. they are adapting some of the evil ways of the West along with "Occi- Within the Bahai Center a Mosdental freedom." lem scholar from Egypt told us about the religion of Islam. We We had our dinner at a Russian became aware, our speaker being restaurant in a highly decorated Negro, that the Moslem makes no room, Russian art scenery with discrimination on account of race Russian Balalaika orchestra, and or color. Perhaps this is our waiters from the land of the bear. "Christian" handicap for mission- We became Russians ourselves. ary efficiency in Africa. Weare We next attended the Russian Or- respecters of persons contrary to thodox Church service. The con- the teachings of our Lord. The gregation was, for the most part, Moslem faith, propagandized by of recent emigres. The church the poorly trained trader and unpeople stood or knelt throughout lettered layman, is walking with the service. Special seats were great strides southward on the provided for us and the President continent of Africa. Setting over of the Church Board, Professor against this our color antipathy Vladimir Peter de Smitt, explained and the imperialism of the sothe service and then interpreted called Christian nations enslaving the symbolism and Ikanostas. African peoples, how can Chris- Since this trip our mission study tianity compete with the Moslem books have become vital with a liv- faith? ing interest. We have seen and heard the things whereof the At the Jainist and Buddhist writers speak. Temples, which are located in the Oriental Gallery of the Metropoli- The following day, we conducted tan Museum, a Buddhist scholar, over a hundred students and others Mr. J. Vijaya Tunga, interpreted on a trip to Moslems, Hindus, and to us the spiritual and ritualist Buddhists. This trip was especial- significance of the elaborate carved ly prepared for the Department of work of Oriental symbols in these Religious Education, Teachers Col- temples. He has been a teacher in lege. As an introduction we visited the school of Rabindranath Tagore the Liberal Catholic Church, the in Ceylon, India, and a member of Church of St. Michael, the Arch- the Board of Examiners of the angel. The Holy Eucharist was University. sung according to the use of the Liberal Catholic Church-music, We next went to the Dharma chanting, candles and flowers; MandaI Society, Hindu. After a priest, deacons, alcolytes in white period of music and Hindu rituals, and crimson vestments. T his we were addressed by two cultured church is not Roman Catholic, not Hindu speakers, Professor Keskar Episcopal, but Modernist in out- and Professor Chatterji. Both manifested the confidence of an

ancient faith which has grown con- received much more value. And servative in its old age. we could not have received as much without a program worked out in The Maha Bodhi Society of advance. In fact, we continually America put on a special service have on Reconciliation Trips misfor us. The sermon was by the sionaries and others who have just Venerable Thera p. Vajiranana, of returned from the countries whose Viddhodaya College, Ceylon. lands we are representing on the – Had we taken this trip in the trip. heart of India we would not have PERSONAL WORK IN A NEW ENGLAND FACTORY TOWN T WENTY language g r 0 ups while making about twenty calls, comprise the parish of a lay and supplied each family with the missionary in a textile city desired language, adding friendly in New England. The first ap- remarks as he was able to observe proach to a family may be convers- the prevailing conditions. ing with the father seated with his wife and children on a bench in the Visits are made to the county park Sunday afternoon in mid- jail, the general hospital, almssummer; or it may be speaking house, coffee houses and club. to a man who has been imbibing rooms, wherever groups may be liquor to his detriment, but who is found. They are very respectful still gentleman enough to notice and listen reverently to remarks and reply to a kind greeting from concerning the things of God. The an unknown friend. The past worker is invited to call again. winter has given ample illustration as to the wisdom of making ac- Russians are being reached, and quaintances with strange families they pass on the literature to by means of the surplus Sunday- others and eagerly call for more. Some of these little messages are school story papers which are do- sent through the mails to foreign nated by churches. shores and have found fruition in hearts long starving without the The worker began effort among Bread of Life. Testimonies of a few families, and was so encour- Portuguese and Italian recipients aged that he increased his range show that the Gospel relayed to the of languages until his pastor re- homelands by those accepting it ported twelve nationalities were here is bearing fruit among memfound in his Sunday-school, some bers of the same family separated of whom united with the church. f or years by distance.

The introduction is so simple Efforts begun eight years ago that one would think any Christian among a few neighboring families could easily undertake the work. h a v e broadened until approxi- Severay Sundays during the severe mately five hundred families and weather in winter the worker hundreds of individuals outside averaged fifteen calls during the family groups are provided with afternoon. In a city block and a Gospel literature at no expense to half on one side of the street he them. – Extracts from a letter f 0 u n d twelve language groups from a friend in Lawrence, Mass.

Missionaries Leave on not take into account the character

purpose of missionary work or the Advice of Consuls? consequences of abandoning it.

HE announcement, July 30, that Whichever course missionaries take, T the American Legation at Peiping, they are criticised. If they leave, they China, had "urged all Americans in are charged with timidity and conthe provinces of Hunan, Hupeh, Ho- trasted unfavorably with consuls and nan and Kiangsi not to remain at ex- Roman Catholic priests who stay. If po·sed posts but to withdraw to places they refuse to go, they are sneered at where they can be adequately pro- as foolhardy. There are undoubtedly tected," raised again the old and yet times when they can do no good by reoft recurring question whether mis- maining and when it is wiser for them sionaries should abandon their sta- to withdraw temporarily. Our point tions in such circumstance·s because is that they should be trusted to do their legation or consulate advises what is best in view of the circumthem to do so. stances in a given case, and have in unstinted measure the confidence and Manifestly, such advise should be the prayers of the home churches. given due weight, but manifestly also the missionaries concerned have both A.J. B. the right and the duty to exercise their own judgment in view of the Criticisms of the Church circumstances in a given case. They TWO classes are criticising the have usually lived longer in the coun- churches, and from opposite sides. try than their minister or consul. One class asserts that they are "losing They live among the people and know their hold" because they are not sufthem and their language better than ficiently "modern," adhering to "out- their diplomatic and consular officials. worn creeds" and not adopting up-to- Missionary work has been slowly de- date methods. How then do these veloped through a long series of years. critics account for the fact that the Local initial hostility and suspicion churches which have abandoned the have been gradually overcome. A hIstoric creeds and impose no creeds prosperous medical, educational and at all are no more prosperous than the evangelistic work has been built up churches which continue to hold them? representing self-sacrificing labor and As for adapting modern methods, large expenditure. Its beneficent character has become known and ap- how do the critics explain the fact preciated by the people of the com- that the Roman Catholic Church in munity. Should the missionary run America, which makes no concession away and leave that property to be whatever to "modern" methods and destroyed, the work to be disorganized, prides itself on its unchanging teachand he himself exposed to the charge ing, is thronged with worshippers, many of its churches being obliged to of failing to stand by the Chinese hold three or four successive services Christians, who as a rule, are in Sunday morning to accommodate the greater danger than he is? Of course, multitudes, including a high properthe advice of a consul should not be tion of young men and women? lightly disregarded; but diplomatic policy is naturally prudential. It does The other class of critics allege that the churches are weak because they 763

are "too modern," revising the doc- beasts, and tied others to stakes, trinal statements of former centuries in the effort to express the truths of smeared them with pitch and set them Christianity in twentieth century terms and emphasizing a social Gospel on fire. Undoubtedly Christians of instead of an exclusively individual one. How then do these critics ac- today ought to be more consistent count for the fact that the churches which are doing these very things are than they are, and undoubtedly too thriving as well as the churches that are not doing them? their inconsistences often bring re- A line drawn between the most proach upon the churche~. But there prosperous churches and the least prosperous churches would not run is no authority in either Scripture, parallel with lines of theology or methods but would run right across history or experience for the statethem, with conservatives, liberals and ad¥ocates of a social Gospel on each ment that "the world is hungry for side. Evidently, if the churches are dying, which we do not believe, it is the Gospel" and would throng the not because ,of their attitude toward either creeds or methods. churches if they were better. James If there were only one church avail- spoke of the world as at "enmity with able, so that a given man had no choice between attending or not at- God," and our Lord Himself, whom tending, there might be some excuse for outsiders. But churches are the world crucified, plainly warned numerous and with such varied types of teaching, methods and organiza- His disciples that they would be pertion that anyone who loves Jesus Christ and desires to witness for Him secuted. "They shall deliver you up should have no difficulty whatever in finding a church with which he can unto tribulation, and shall kill you, work. With several denominations and a dozen or more churches within and ye shall be hated of all the nations easy reach, if he does not get into some one of them, it is fair to assume for my name's sake." A. J. B. that the fault Is in himself. The Dominican Disaster Some dissatisfied Christians assert that it is the fault of .the churches WIDESPREAD sympathy has been that more people do not attend them evoked by the appalling calamity and that if Christians of today were in Santo Domingo when that fair isas consecrated in their lives as the land was swept by a teriffic hurricane, early disciples, the world would flock September 3. Distressing details into the churches and soon be con- from the outlying districts continue verted. Well, how did the world treat to come in as THE REVIEW goes to those early disciples whom we are press, but it is already known that the exhorted to imitate? It stoned Ste- number of dead exceeds 2,500 and of phen, persecuted the Church so that injured 10,000 or more; that the "they were all scattered abroad," property loss runs into millions, and scourged Peter and John, mocked that tens of thousands of survivors Paul, beat him with many stripes and were rendered homeless and destitute. cast him into a dungeon, drove hun- As usual in such circumstances, physidreds of devout believers into the cal relief for the hungry and naked arena to be torn to pieces by wild was promptly rushed in from neigh- boring islands and the United States, but the effects of such a disaster will be felt for a long time to come.

Relatives and friends of the mis- sionaries and supporters of the fine missiQnary work on the Island were deeply troubled. Their anxiety for the safety of loved ones was relieved by a cable received September 5, by the Board for Christian Work in Santo Domingo, 419 Fourth Avenue, New York City, stating: "CAPITAL WORKERS SAFE. CHURCH DE- MOLISHED. HOSPITAL FUNC- TIONING." A further cable Septem- ber 8 read:

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

Reports Mission workers fully con- the hundred and fifty mile gale, despite firm serious losses Santo Domingo. Be- its exposed position, and it is calling sides Red Cross relief, Union Mission for assistance from friends in the evidently will have large responsibilities United States. The old roof, in very for several months since this interde- bad shape previous to the hurricane, nominational mission is only one func- was torn away by the raging storm. tioning for Dominican people at Capital The Hospital is hoping to move into a where we have hospital with trained new building, begun some two months staff prepared for emergencies now ago, near the American Embassy and overwhelmed. Recently built church, the Presidential Palace. The demolition Capital and workers' homes demolished, of the church building, referred to in hospital and mission partially wrecked the cable, represents a heavy financial but still functioning. Suggest editorial loss to the Board. urging contributions from churches be sent to Board for Christian Work, Santo Hospital facilities in Santo Domingo, Domingo, four nineteen Fourth Avenue, in normal times, are entirely inadequate New York City. Full description, Union and there is pressing need for public Mission Santo Domingo found in chap- health work. It is estimated that there ter six, Inman's "Trailing the Con- is only one physician to every 8,700 quistadores." people, many villages being without trained medical service, and organized The following statement and ap- charities, here as in many other Latin American countries, are little known. peal, since issued by the Board, so "I rode into a town of over 3,000 peo- ple," writes one visitor, "where there clearly states interesting facts and was neither doctor, nurse, drugstore or health service of any kind." the duty and privilege of the churches Last year, when economic conditions that we gladly comply with the re- in Santo Domingo made it difficult for Dominicans from the interior to travel quest for its publication in THE RE- to the capital, the hospital, nevertheless, was treating 1,220 patients a month; VIEW. A. J. B. operating a baby welfare station (the only one in the Republic) and registered The Board for Christian Work in patients came from 200 towns and vil- Santo Domingo, whose secretary is Dr. lages throughout the country, some com- Samuel Guy Inman, has been at work ing as far as 225 miles. These folk in the Island Republic for the past ten travel a-foot, in ox carts, or on donkey years. It represents the combined Pres- back. Some are fortunate enough to byterian U. S. A., Methodist Episcopal have a Ford; others are brought in on and United Brethren Churches, and improvised stretchers which friends or maintains a hospital, social service and relatives bear on their shoulders. evangelistic work in the Dominican Republic. The Board for Christian Work is the only American missionary agency- with The "Hospital Internacional" (Inter- a Spanish-speaking staff in Santo Donational Hospital), conducted by this mingo City and is prepared to do re- Board has been striving to prepare lief work in the present emergency. Santo Domingo for just such emergen- The Board is hoping to cooperate with cies as the present one, by training any who desire to assist the distressed Dominican nurses (an unknown profes- Dominicans. sion among Dominicans before the American Hospital began its work), and Lambeth and South India building up a Dominican hospital and medical staff to care for public health CHURCH union is a live topic needs. This work is extremely difficult throughout Christendom. Wealthy and time-consuming and such situations as the present terrible disaster serve to congregations are strong enough to demonstrate more clearly than ever the great need which exists. get along as they are, but not the small With a popUlation of approximately a ones, particularly in village communimillion people, Santo Domingo has but ten hospitals, some of which are private ties in the home mission field where institutions, and, except for the Dominican nurses trained in the "Hospital five or six denominational churches Internacional," trained nursing service does not exist in the Republic. At this are struggling to live in communities time there are probably available in Santo Domingo, abo u t – twenty-five which can adequately support only one trained nurses, ten of whom are at present students in the hospital. church. On the foreign field, union is The "Hospital Internacional" is being even more imperative. Face to face conducted in an old Spanish building. Its thick old Spanish walls withstood with the stupendous obstacles that con- front Christianity in the non-Chris-

tian world, missionaries and their Church, "These opinions will carry boards and supporters at home are great weight throughout the world, more and more clearly realizing that and particularly throughout the Angli- the churches simply must get together can Communion." The resolutions .of if they are to meet their problems in the Conference were published in full, any adequate way. We have ,said many August 30th, in the two Protestant times, and we expect to say many Episc.opal papers in America, The times more, that a divided church can Churchman and The Living Church. never save the world and that it is no They cover a wide range of topics, part of the missionary duty of the but that which particularly interests churches to perpetuate the present sec- missionary workers is the one on the tarian divisions. South India Plan. The subject is of such widespread interest from the It is good to be able to add that the viewpoint of home and foreign mis- movement toward union is making sions that we append the full text of progress. Several organic unions have the deliverance, which was drafted by already been consummated in the the Archbishop of York. United States, Canada, Great Britain and on the foreign mission field, and South .India plans for other unions are at a promising stage. Thus far, however, no 17. The conference has heard with the mutually acceptable formula has been deepest interest of the proposals for found for union with the Anglican church union in South India now under Communion. The World Conference consideration between the Church of Inon Faith and Order at Lausanne dis- dia, Burma and Ceylon, the South India cussed the vexed question of ordina- United Church and the Wesleyan Church tion, but felt unable to g.o beyond a of South India, and expresses its high apfew generalities. preciation of the spirit in which the rep- resentatives of these churches have pur- The South India Proposal sued the long and careful negotiations.

The first concrete effort to solve the 18. The conference notes with warm problem was made by the churches sympathy that the project to which the and missions in South India, the main Proposed Scheme for Church Union in points of which were given in the South India bears witness is not the for- January number of THE REVIEW. It mation of any fresh church or province was reported to the Lausanne Confer- of the Anglican communion under new ence Continuation Committee, at its conditions, but seeks rather to bring tomeeting in 1929, which devoted a gether the distinctive elements of differwhole session to it. The sympathy of ent Christian communions, on a basis of many members of the Committee was sound doctrine and episcopal order, in a out.spoken, but the fears of others and distinct province of the Universal the policy of the Committee to make Church, in such a way as to give the only unanim.ous deliverances prevented Indian expression of the spirit, the anything more than a rather feeble thought,and the life of the Church Uniand non-committal reference to the versal. subject in the official findings. 19. The conference observes further, More definite action 'was expected as a novel feature in the South Indian from the Lambeth Conference of all Scheme, that a complete agreement bethe bishops of the Anglican Commun- tween the uniting churches on certain ion throughout the world at its meet- points of doctrine and practice is not exing in August of this year and it was pected to be reached before the inauguraawaited with mingled eagerness and tion of the union, but the promoters of anxiety. The Conference had no legis- the scheme believe that unity will be lative power and the bishops could only reached gradually and more securely by express their opinions. But, in the the interaction of the different elements words of the editor of The Living of the united church upon one another. It is only when the unification resulting from that interaction is complete that a final judgment can be pronounced on the effect of the present proposals. Without attempting, therefore, to pronounce such judgment now, we express to our breth- ren in India our strong desire, that as soon as the negotiations are successfully completed, the venture should be made

1930J TOPICS OF THE TIMES

and the union inaugurated. We hope Canterbury recognizes "that the conthat it will lead to the emergence of a stituency that we represent is not part of the Body of Christ which will universally convincrq about all the possess a new combination of the riches provisions of the schene and wishes to that are His. In this hope we ask the see how it works out b('fore commitchurches of our communion to stand by ting itself to definite appreval"; and our brethren in India, while they make adds: "General approval doe8 not bethis experiment, with generous good will. come an endorsement. After all. South India is put on probation and is 20. The conference thinks it wise to warned that it will be held responsipoint out that af.ter the union in So~th ble for the results of a questionable India has been maugurated both mm- experiment." isters and lay people of the United Church, when they are outside the juris- Each reader will doubtless form his diction of that church, will be amenable own conclusion. We need only add to the regulations of the province and that, whatever interested parties may diocese in which they desire to officiate read between the lines, it is clear or to worship, and it must be assumed that the Conference did not disapprove that those regulations will be applied to the Plan, as some opponents had hoped individuals in the same manner as they it would do, but, on the contrary, gave would now be applied to similarly cir- it definite encouragement. This is a cumstanced individuals, unless any prov- great gain. The disapproval ·of such ince takes the formal action to change its an influential body might have blocked regulations. " the movement. Now the way is clear for advance. Official action is yet to 21. The conference, fully assured in be taken by some of the ecclesiastical the light of the Resolutions of the Gen- bodies concerned, and many prayers eral Council Gf the Qhurch of India, will be offered for their guidance by Burma and Ceylon adopted in February, divine wisdom and the Spirit of Christ. 1930, that nothing will be done to break the fellowship of the churches of the Why Be Pessimistic About Anglican communion, confidently leaves in the hands of the bisops of that church China? the task of working out in detail the principles which are embodied in the Pro- LET Americans, who imagine. that posed Scheme. the tumultuous conditions in China for a score of years mean that 22. The conference gives its general the Chinese are incapable of self-govapproval to the suggestions contained in ernment, read the following statement the report of its committee with regard of Andrew White, former President to the Proposed Scheme for Church of Cornell University and Ambassa- Union in South India, and commends the dor to Germany, in his essay on Groreport to the attention of the Episcopal tius, on page 55 of his volume entitled Synod and General Council of the Church "Seven Great Statesmen": of India. Burma and Ceylon. From the middle of the 16th century So far as we can judge from the to the middle of the 17th, throughout editorials and articles in a considerable those 100 years, was waged (in Europe) number of religious papers, this de- a war of hatreds-racial, religious, na- tional and personal; of ambitions, eccleliverance has not wholly satisfied siastical and civil; of aspirations, paeither the advocates or opponents of triotic and selfish; of efforts, noble and the Plan. The Christian Century in- vile. During all those weary generations deed characterizes it as "wholehearted Europe became one broad battlefieldand unanimous support." The Church- drenched in human blood and lighted from innumerable scaffolds. In the conman, however, says: "The Conference fused struggle great men appeared- heroes and martyrs, ruffians and scounapparently decided that it was wiser to drels: all was anarchic. avoid a possible acrimonius dispute or even a schism by giving no categorical approval or disapproval to the South India Union; yet it hailed this as the most hopeful augury of coming unity:' The Anglo-Catholic Li'Ving Chu1'(;h, which deems the Plan unwise and dangerous, calls attention to the fact that the accompanying Encyclical Letter of the Archbishop of

BY MRS. F. I. JOHNSON, 150 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW

President of the Federation of Woman's Boards for Foreign Missions A DEVOTIONAL SERVICE Have the nineteen women stand MESSAGES FROM THE PROPHETS in a row in the postures given by Sargent. When all are ready draw Secure from the Boston Public Li- the curtain, and call on them one by brary a colored copy of Sargent's one in order. Following portions of "Prophets" or find the same in a book Scripture were used at Northfield. on painting in your public library. Others might be chosen by the women themselves after a study of their Secure nineteen women to imper- prophets. This will make the ancients sonate the prophets depicted by the vivid to participants as well as begreat painter. Allow these to study holders. the picture thoroughly that each may visualize Sargent's conception of the Zephaniah: Zeph. 3: 17. person she is to portray. Use the very Joel: Joel 2: 28; 3: 14-16. simplest costuming, just enough to Obadiah: Obadiah verse 15. suggest the oriental garb. Nine can Hosea: Hosea 6: 1; 14: 1,4. use sheets, six should find brown Amos: Amos 5: 14. blankets or strips of dark bl'own cloth, Nahum: Nahum 1: 2,5,7. two may use slate blue or navy blue Ezekiel: Ezekiel 34: 26b; 35: 4, 9. blankets or cloth and three need rose Daniel: Daniel 2: 20-23. or violet blankets. For the central Elijah: 1 Kings 19: 14; 18: 37. figure use full yellow robe and cut Moses: Ex. 15: 11, 18; 20: 2-17. panels (3"xI8") from a large corru- Joshua: Joshua 3: 5, 9,23-24. gated box to represent the tables of Jeremiah: Jer. 29: 13; 31: 3. the law which Moses holds in his Jonah: Jonah 4: 3; 2: 2,7, 9. hands. Mark these with simulated Isaiah: Isa. 6:3, 8; 55:6, 7, 8, 9, Hebrew characters as in the picture. etc. Other properties include two scrolls Habakkuk: Hab. 3: 2. six inches wide and two feet long, Micah: Micah 7: 18. with Hebrew characters, a sling or Haggai: Haggai 2: 22. rope for Amos, a staff for Elijah and Malachi: Malachi 3: 7-10. a sword or a short stick to suggest a Zechariah: Zech. 4: 6, last sentence; sword for Joshua. 9: 9. Select from the words of each of these men of God a characteristic "THE ARMOR OF GOD"

prayer, imprecation, or command and Properties have each woman memorize hers. Then let a leader speak briefly of the Bible, helmet, breastplate, shield, mighty influence of these men of sandals, sword. prayer, and if she desires give outstanding characteristics of a few, the If obtainable, the sandals should be power, nearness, and almightiness of the oriental sort with straps for the Moses' prayer, Elijah's miracle-work- great toe. If not available, use low ing prayers, the sympathy and patri- slippers with no heel. otism of Jeremiah, the boldness of Daniel, etc. The breastplate may be made of cardboard cut like picture of breast- plate in Bible dictionary and covered 768

METHODS FOR WORKERS

0) RIGHTEOUSNESS 12"

( L_ _ _ _~W~o~r~d~o~f~G~O~D~———-=> 2'

1 – < – < ' – – – – – – – – – – 2 4 " – – – – – – – – -…..1 o o o ~ mu« 0 FOR END OF VISOR 1I "

SALVATION 160/4-"

with silver paper. Use Denison stiff cardboard about 2' long and 2¥2" gummed letters to label it "Righteous- wide, sloped ta a point. Cover with ness." The shield should be 28" or silver paper and letter "Word of God." 30" long of corrugated paper and have The helmet is made of light cardboard the word "Faith" in 3" or 4" letters. or stiff paper like the accompanying Use silver paper for this and the pattern and also covered with silver helmet, too. The sword is made of paper and lettered "Salvation."

4

Outline Hymn: Faith of Our Fathers. Leader: Eph. 6: 17a. Place helmet Hymn: Soldiers of Christ, Arise- on youth's head. 1-3. Solo: There Is a Green Hill Far Away. Scripture: Rom. 12: 1-3, WeymQuth Leader: Eph. 6: 17b. Hand sword translation. to Youth. Jesus said: Mark 16: 15. Solo: Follow Me. All sing, Soldiers of Christ Arise, fourth and fifth stanzas. Youth and Hark the voice of Jesus calling, Follow leader leave on opposite sides during Me, follow Me! fifth stanza.

Softly through the silence falling, Fol- To shorten, omit several songs. low, follow Me! MARY AND MARTHA CLUB-A As of old He called the fishers when He walked by Galilee, PERSONALITY AND FINANCE Still His patient voice is calling, Follow, METHOD follow Me. Realizing our women and girls are Who will heed the holy mandate, Follow wanting to share in a large way in Me, follow Me! this Pentecostal year, we are asking that these clubs be formed in every Leaving all things at His bidding, Fol- church. As a result of the spirit of low, follow Me! the first Pentecost the followers of Christ put all they had into a common Hark, that tender voice entreating mari- fund. Thus they met the need of all. ners in life's rough sea Weare trying to meet the needs of our brotherhood through the General Gently, lovingly repeating, Follow, fol- Fund of the United Christian Mis- low Me. sionary Society. This is the bread and butter fund. Out of it must come the Hearken, lest He plead no longer, Follow maintenance of all phases of work. Me, follow Me! Here is where the need is most insist- ent. Once again, 0 hear Him calling, Follow, follow Me! The National Promotional Depart- ment is asking for 1,900 churches and Turning swift at Thy sweet summons organizations within the church to (Enter swiftly Youth) give $100 more this year than they did evermore, 0 Christ would we last year. In some places the church alone, the Sunday-school and other or- For Thy love all else forsaking, Follow, ganizations will each give $100 over follow Thee! last year. In other places it may take the combination of two or more or- Youth (in white): I heard the voice ganizations to meet this aim. In a of the Lord saying, "Whom shall I few instances it may take the comsend and who will go for us?" Then bined effort of all to reach the $100 said I, "Here am I, send me t" increase.

Solo: Follow the Gleam. In our adult missionary organiza- Leader: 2 Tim. 3: 17; 2 Tim. 2: tion department we now have the bi- 15; John 5: 39; Col. 3: 16. During ennial membership. If an individual the recital of these verses, hand Youth member gives a special gift of $50.00 a Bible. over a period of two years she becomes Youth: Thy word is a lamp unto a Biennial member. If, in this Pentemy feet and a light to my path. Teach costal year, she gives $50.00 as a speme Thy statutes. Open mine eyes that cial gift into the General Fund before I may behold wondrous things out of Thy law. CPs. 119: 105, 64b, and 18.) Hymn: Open mine eyes, that I may see. Leader: Eph. 6: 11-13. Pause. Eph. 6: 14. Place breastplate on Youth. Eph. 6: 15. Hand sandals to Youth who lays Bible on table, kneels, and fastens on sandals. Solo: Peace I leave with you, or, Peace, perfect peace. Leader: Eph. 6: 16. Hand shield to youth.

June 15th she is counted a Charter Although I must haTe Martha's hands, Biennial member. These Biennial I have a Mary mind; memberships will count on the $100 And when I black the boots and shoes, extra gifts asked for by the National Thy sandals, Lord I find.

Promotional Department. We believe I think of how they trod the earth, many more than 1,900 churches and each time I scrub the floor; organizations and individuals will give Accept this meditation, Lord, I haven't this extra love gift of $100.00. time for more.

Well, what does all this have to do with the Mary and Martha Club? Just Warm all the kitchen with Thy love this. We believe many women and and light it with Thy peace; girls have more time and talent than Forgive me all my worrying and make they do money. We want to help them all grumbling cease.

convert this time and talent into mon- Thou didst love to give men food, in ey by going into partnership with the room or by the sea, Lord. Accept this service that I do-I do it 1. As a member of the Mary and unto Thee.

Martha Club you agree to invest from (This prayer was written by U. K. 10c to $10.00 in some way to bring in H., a girl 19 years of age, who is in returns from the investment, all of domestic service, and was read to a which is to be given as a special gift large congregation by Dr. G. Campinto the General Fund of the United bell Morgan at Westminster Chapel, Christian Missionary Society. London. Reprinted from The West- minster Record.) Printed in the July, 2. You may invest your time in 1929, issue of THE MISSIONARY REgiving lessons, caring for children, typing, washing and ironing, sewing, VIEW. cooking, etc. All this to be done as individuals in partnership with the As a member of the Mary and Mar- Lord, praying daily for His guidance, tha Club I agree to invest a sum of and blessing on all the world-wide money (lOc to $10.00) with the Lord work. We are to have the "Martha as my partner to work earnestly and hands and the Mary mind." Dig up persistently that all the returns from the buried talents. Don't be afraid this investment may be my second nor ashamed to work with your hands. mile giving in Pentecostal sharing Christ was a carpenter-Paul was a with others that the need of all may tent maker-Lydia was a seller of pur- be met. ple. God will surely add His blessing to this consecration of time, talent and I will put no limit on the amount money. Don't put a limit on what your to be received from the investment. gift may be. Make a real honest ef- Praying and working, this is my adfort and you will be greatly surprised venture in faith with Him. This gift at the results. This is a Love Gift will not count on regular aims. It is over and above regular dues and of- to be sent through my missionary orferings and wiLl not count on regular ganization to the General Fund of the United Christian Missionary Society.

aims. List of Members I DO IT UNTO THEE Name Amount invested Lord of all pots and pans and things; President, since I've no time to be Vice-Pres.

A saint by doing lovely things or Secretary, watching late with Thee, Treasurer, Or dreaming in the dawn light, or Lit. Secy., storming heaven's gates, Make me a saint by getting meals, and washing up the plates.

The following helpful Junior Ma- classroom. It seems to give them a terial was furnished by Mrs. C. K. feeling of reverence and holiness, as Lippard, of the Lutheran Board: well as of achievement.

For the Leader Who Says, "We Contacts with foreigners near by Can't A:lford" sometimes cost nothing, yet bring about world friendship in the most Save sheets from your large adver- natural and fitting way possible.

tising calendars. The blank backs Friendliness to the Chinese laundry- make good poster mounts. man and the Italian fruit man in your Brown or gray wrapping paper neighborhood may be more valuable make excellent scrapbooks if carefully than a series of lessons.

folded, creased and cut. Also can be A letter to a missionary or a child cut into camels, elephants, etc. in a foreign land costs little but means Laundry cardboards and suit boxes much and often brings an answer that are excellent for poster backs and for makes world-children seem nearer and construction boards. dearer.

Current magazines furnish all sorts of nature pictures, foreign land pic– THE :MAN WHO :MEANT TO GIVE tures, ships and travel pictures that By HOWARD W. POPE, make missions alive to a child. St. Petersburg, Florida Used Christmas cards furnish stars, He was a good man, kind and true, camels, Madonnas, etc. Covers of Who often told what he would do Christmas numbers of magazines are When he was rich and had the means, often more beautiful than expensive And lived no longer on baked beans. And this he said from day to day, pictures. They may be used for Until his best years slipped awayposters and scrapbook work. Not knowing God will close the door To wealth-unless we help the poor. If children are asked to look for and bring certain pictures from home they When hard times came and all around, almost always find them in old maga- Bread lines were formed in every town, zines. Villages of different countries He gave no cash, he gave no bread; can be made by larger boys and girls Instead of that, he often said- "Next year I will begin to give," out of material collected from "trash" Not knowing surely that he'd liveif they are encouraged to find, bring The same old story newly told, Though every day he laid up gold. and use materials in their own way.

Peanuts and potatoes make excel- When mighty Mississippi wrought lent animals. Sponges make bushes; Death and destruction, dearly bought– pieces of glass, or silver paper, rivers And calls were made on every hand and windows. Any boy who has a To help the suff'ring of the land, God spake to him a hundred times, printing press or a set of letter sten- But he would not give even dimes; cils is proud to be asked to use them But daily to himself he liedto letter posters, notices. With good intentions satisfied.

A group of noisy boys was once held And when the sick could no more wait and interested by being allowed to For his intentions which were late, make a church window by putting to- They simply died and passed beyond gether pieces of colored paper on the All chance for that man to respond. Last week that man lay dead and cold, back of an old window shade. It took And all he left behind was gold. months to finish the window, collect- He had no friends-he never had, ing the paper bit by bit and putting Because his life made no one glad.

it together again and again until the Here is a lesson all should learnright effect was gained. When the Give what you can-but quickly burn shade is hung in a strong sunlight Your good intentions which bring naught against an open window or clear glass, But bitter heartaches, dearly bought. even strangers exclaim at its soft Today's chance we can now securebeauty. The boys look at their win- Tomorrow's is by no means sure. dow at once when they enter their If we let this chance slip away, It may not come another day.

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN

EDITED BY FLORENCE G. TYLER, 419 Fourth Avenue, New York, and FWRENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 East 22d Street, New York Executive Secretaries of the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions and Council of Women for Home Missions I AM THE MISSION STUDY CLASS Apologies to the author of HI Am the Immigrant"

I am the Mission Study Class-join me.

Since the time of my birth I have helped others. I was born of the craving for wider knowledge, more efficient work, and deeper spirituality. My footprints are found in many churches.

I am often in some homes. I even enter the colleges. I am glad when I mingle with the mem- WILLIAM CAREY AND 'fHE WORLD rHOBLEM bers of the young people's societies, for I help them to reach the highest standard of efficiency. In a recent letter from a board came I delight in the company of those in the a little leaflet on which were the above young women's missionary societies. I serve at the men's clubs and help them picture and wording. Enquiring for permission to use this material in THE to know world affairs. I pass wonderful hours in conversation REVIEW, we were told the following with the women of the missionary societies. story.

I am found in some Sunday-schools, al- It seems that some fifteen years ago ways in those doing the best work. the Missionary Education Movement I consist of a few . congenial people, printed this as a leaflet-in much the preferably from six to ten. I meet once a week for one hour or more same form. Mrs. Charles L. Fry, of at each session, for a course lasting six weeks; or one full day a week the Lutheran Board, secured permisfor three weeks. sion to reprint it and borrowed the dispel ignorance, remove prejudice, cut. The cut was returned and when overcome indifference, and arouse in- terest. the Movement merged with the Inter- I encourage benevolence. church World Movement, it was either I increase and vitalize prayer. destroyed or lost.

I develop strong, active Christian char- A year ago finding neither photo- acter, and provide missionaries. graph nor cut available, Mrs. Fry sent I present for study a literature which excels "in truth, in pathos, in dig- to the Missionary Education Move- nity, in simplicity, in its contribu- tion to scientific research, in its ment of London for the photograph direct bearing on great world prob- and, slightly revised, the leaflet "in lems." the ego" once more came forth. It And yet, there are some who say they was so well liked that two other de- have no time for me. nominational boards secured permis- I am one of the "worthwhile" things and sion to print it, and now Mrs. Fry has kindly loaned us the photograph and you should learn to "put first things given permission to publish. May this first." If I can be fused into the church work, I will do you good. personification of the Mission Study For information on textbooks and leader's helps, write to your own denomina- Class continue to do good service.

tional headquarters. F.E. Q.

773

THE FOREIGN-LANGUAGE ress is being made. A bi-lingual OHUROH leadership is absolutely necessary. The pastor must preach in English to Findings of an interdenomill,u.tiona,l con~ reach his young people. There is an terence held under auspices of the Joint Com- increasing tendency away from the mittee on City and New Americans of the establishment of separate churches Home Missions' Council and Council of Women and missions, and toward departments for Home ~Iissions, (Slightly adapted.) of American churches. We have been guilty of the sin of denominational The purpose of the Conference on competition. Large sums are spent on the Foreign-Language Church held in Italian evangelization, and the prog- New York City on May 8, 1930, was ress of the people in giving toward to evaluate the work being done among the foreign-language groups; to ap- self-support has been slow. praise the methods, programs and results of the work; and to determine The four Hungarian churches are the best possible lines of work for the large and strong and show progress toward self-support, but little progfuture. ress toward identification with Amer- In the last fifteen years, dating ican life.

from the beginning of the Great War, The Czechs are rapidly being abimmigration from Europe has aver- sorbed into our American churches.

aged only 207,000 a year and an aver- The Spanish-speaking work is most encouraging. There are 15 centers age departing to Europe of a little now operating. less than 100,000. Accordingly our net increase in population from the The other languages now being used European countries has been about are Greek, Polish, Russian, Ukrainian, 100,000. This has bearing upon the Esthonian, Latvian, Armenian, Syrian, work of our foreign-language churches. Filipino, Chinese, Japanese, Korean.

The foreign language work being One hundred and seven Englishdone in Greater New York, and the speaking Presbyterian churches in Presbyterian work in Philadelphia Philadelphia were studied. Of these, were reviewed, as cross-sections of the in the last ten-year period there was a entire task. The following facts were gain of six per cent in membership, while the city shows fifteen to sixteen represented: per cent gain in population. There In Greater New York there are now was a fourteen per cent loss in Sun- day-school enrollment. Of forty-seven one hundred and two churches or Hungarian Presbyterian churches in church enterprises conducting Prot- the United States, in the ten-year estant work in some foreign language. period the gain in membership was In this list are not included the twenty-seven per cent while their churches for the older immigration, Sunday-schools gained fifty-six per such as German, Scandinavian, French cent. and Welsh, as they do not constitute a home mission problem in the main. Of seventy-one Pre s by t e ria n Forty-eight of the one hundred and churches using the Italian language, two enterprises are for Italians. Fif- over the ten-year period there was a teen of these are separate organized gain of eighteen per cent-7,000 memchurches, sixteen are missions, and bers-and twenty-one per cent gain in seventeen are departments of Amer- the Sunday-schools. The Slavic group includes Slavic churches in New Jerican churches. Bey, the Pittsburgh region, and also There are several elements of dis- a group of Czech churches in the middle west. They showed a gain of couragement, based mainly upon de- forty-one per cent in church membercreased immigration; increased pros- ship and six per cent only in the Sunperity, causing removal of these day-schools. families from the old neighborhoods; and the increased use of English. On the other hand, there is unanimous confidence in the need and in the possibility of Italian evangelization. Results indicate that slow but real prog-

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

The per capita for the Presbyterian group; the group must express itself Church in 1929, for 2,004,000 mem- in leadership, in forms of thinking, bers, was $18 for current congrega- and in responsibility. Today we are tional support, which takes out build- thinking in terms of self-support, not ings. The 6,000 Italian members gave $11 per capita; the Slavs $15; the to save our budgets, but to increase Hungarians $17, almost on the level of the effectiveness of the group. Selfthe whole Presbyterian Church. The support is an educational process. In average Christian in the foreign lan- Europe the churches received state guage church is giving relatively more support. The Hungarians are making per capita from his slender resources good contributions on church property, than our English-speaking people. but not so good on pastors' salaries.

Conclusions of the Conference A strong local leadership is abso- lutely necessary to a successful work So far as we can measure the for- among foreign-speaking groups. Staeign-language churches statistically, bility depends upon leadership. they have made encouraging progress. Whether they have now reached the The custom of some foreign-lanpeak or not, remains to be seen. They guage churches to loan their buildings are certainly facing a period of transition and deserve the continuing sym- to secular nationalistic organizations pathy and loyalty of our home mission for meetings was questioned by some, agencies. but the consensus of opinion was that it is legitimate, provided the morals Foreign language work should be and ethics of the church dominate all of at least three types – separate proceedings. They can be beneficial churches, missions in separate build- to the church, and also exert a wholeings, and departments of the Amer- some influence upon these groups. ican church. The type of church depends altogether on conditions. The There is considerable concern about church must adapt itself to its en- the ability of the foreign-language vironment. As long as the attitude of churches to hold the young people. the American church is, "we do not want these foreigners," we must have The facts in the case are not very enthese racial groups keeping by them- couraging. The consensus of opinion selves. We must promote a Christian was that the pastor is the hope in the spirit among the American churches. situation. It very largely depends We have to outgrow the day of the upon him. He must be youthful in foreign-language mission church. spirit, sincere, earnest and sympa- The unorganized neighborhood house thetic. The entire family must be or church has value and should be reached, and the church built upon a continued. This type of work has won family basis. its way, has established its place, and has served both foreign-speaking and The regular American churches are English-speaking people in both large having varying degrees of success in and small cities. Social settlements absorbing the second generation yonng have had a large influence in shaping people. Fifteen churches responded social legislation, and in changing social conditions. Christian social to the question, "What success are you centers, and other so-called institu- having in absorbing second generation tional churches, ought to be regarded young people in your regular Ameras "listening posts" and ought to have a means of communication back to the ican church?" The answers may be Church. classified as follows: Religion to be secure must be indigenous; it must grow out of the 1. Churches where children of foreign groups are practically nil and where there is no special interest in the subject.

2. Churches where the situation ob- tains to a certain degree and they are at a loss to know just what to do.

3. Churches that deal with the situa- tion through their associated or branch churches, thus relieving the main church, as they see it, from any special responsi- bility.

4. Churches, like the Madison Avenue programs of church worship, giving Presbyterian in New York City, whose much attention to the instruction of enrollment in the church school consists children in the Sunday-school, and of practically 500/0 of children born of more time to the preparation of their foreign parents (in this particular message to their people. The whole church Czecho-Slovakia) and where 500/0 question of religious educational methof the new members received into the ods and material for foreign-language church from the Sunday-school would be churches was considered of primary these chi I d r e n of Czecho-Slovakian importance, and requiring careful parents. study. The entire matter, including the question of proselyting, was re- 5. Churches, like the North Presby- ferred to a small committee for careterian Church in New York City, where ful study and for report to the Joint they have a great many children from Committee on City and New Amer- Swedish, Armenian and British parent- icans. age and non-Roman Catholic background "who have usually been assimilated as There is an increasing tendency for Americans with little or no national dis- English-speaking churches to come tinction." into some kind of relationship with the foreign-language churches. There 6. A large group of churches which, is in many places a merging of the through their Daily Vacation Bible English-speaking and the foreign- School, summer activities and Sunday- speaking churches. There is a strongly school, have a number of children whose felt need for yoked or united churches. parents are affiliated with the Roman Federation and other forms of inter- Catholic and Eastern Church report denominational adjustments looking that these children are absorbed "into toward greater efficiency and better the group of our young people as are service, were thought to be desirable. children of American parents." In a number of centers there was thought to be overlapping. By reduc- The indications are that the for- ing the number of projects and center- ing upon the more likely ones, the total eign-language work has neglected too results would be greater. This whole matter of mergers, consolidations, and much the use of literature. The federations was referred to a small committee to work out practical plans. power of the printed page, and the use READERS' COURSE of colporteurs was stressed very Pl'epared by National Committee on the strongly. The possibilities of united Cause and Cure of War. Room 1116. Grand Central Terminal Bldg., New York. work in the field of literature for for- It was agreed at the conference in eign-language groups were considered Washington last January that the Readers' Course should be continued to be great. There is need of an inter- and that as many delegates and friends of the Cause and Cure of War as posdenominational training school for sible should be urged to join in the reading. workers a m 0 n g foreign – speaking In view of the fact that the London groups and especially for the training Naval Conference succeeded in getting a treaty on disarmament, that a Comof colporteurs. Interdenominational mittee of Preparation for Disarma- ment under the League of Nations is bi-lingual papers are very much considering a program for another Commission on Disarmament, and that needed. the outcome of these two efforts has Social programs for foreign-lan- clearly shown that disarmament is a guage groups and churches are abso- lutely essential and should be pro- moted. Religion is a spirit that can be communicated, passed from one per- son to another, and the social ap- proach to boys and girls permeated by the Christian spirit is essential.

The present immigration situation is producing important changes in programs. Pastors are giving more emphasis to the distinctively religious phases of their work. A pastor said, "Ten years ago I had to teach English, but now I can spend my evenings in prayer-meetings, and more time can be given to religion." They are study- ing programs of religious education,

measure difficult of accomplishment Selected Article8 on DisarmrLment and yet imperative in its need if the compiled by Mary Katherine Reely. H. world is to achieve peace, it seems W. Wllson, 960 University Avenue, New very important that we should under- York. $2.25. stand the problem of disarmament better than any of us do. The Pact of Paris compiled by James Thayer Gerould. H. W. Wilson. $2.40. Therefore, we shall devote the Conference in January, 1931, mainly to Reference Shelf-DisrLrmrLment comthe question vf Disarmament and de- piled by Julia E. Johnson. H. W. Wilvote the first section of the Reading son. 90c. Course to Disarmament. The World Court (History, Organiza- SECTION I tion and Work); also The World Court, Fifty Questions Answered, and accom- Section II will appear in a later REVIEW. panying leaflet. The American Founda- tion, 565 Fifth Avenue, New York. Free. CODlpulsory Reading Course The Root Formu/rL rLnd the World No one can take this course and say she Court. National League of Women Vothas completed it unless she has read these ers, 1015 Grand Central Terminal Bldg., books. It is the only list that is compulsory, New York. 10c. hut the three books it contains must be read. Tbe total cost is a little more tban $5.30. United States and The World Court by Philip C. Jessup. World Peace Foun- Navies and Nations by Hector C. By- dation, 40 Mt. Vernon Street, Boston, water. Houghton, Mifflin Co., 386 Fourth Mass. $2. Avenue, New York (1927). $4. A discount of 50c may be deducted if ordered The World Court, If1f!f!-lf1fUJ, by Manthrough the National Committee on the ley O. Hudson. World Peace Founda- Cause and Cure of War, checks made tion, 40 Mt. Vernon Street, Boston, Mass. payable to that Committee. $1.75.

America'8 Naval Challenge by Fred- THE PEACE MOVEMENT IN erick Moore. Macmillan, 60 Fifth Avenue, New York. $1.50. CANADA Naval DisarmrLm,ent by Hugh Latimer. By HELEN M. STRACHAN A brief record from the Washington Conference to date. Royal Institute of In the promotion of peace through International Affairs, Chatham House, the League of Nations, the Churches St. James Square, London, S. W. 1 of Canada have played a large part by (1930). A limited number may be had keeping before their members the of the Council of Foreign Relations, 25 West 43d Street, New York. $1. aims and ideals of the League. The Women's Missionary Societies of a Light Reading number of the churches are also vitally interested. The Woman's Mis- Issued in form of stories, the object of which sionary Society of the Presbyterian is to make the readers desire to join the forces Church in Canada is a corporate memof peace. These three light reading books, which it would be a pity not to have read, ber of the League of Nations Society cost $7.50. in Canada, and our women are there- fore closely allied with this greatest German Students' War Letters by modern movement for the peace of the Philip Witkop. Translated from original world. This Society, by lectures and edition by A. Bredd. E. P. Dutton, 286 literature, extends the knowledge of Fourth Avenue, New York. $3. the League's doings and publishes the Interdependence monthly. This infor- The Wet Flanders Plain by Henry Williamson. Read and join the crusade. mation is given to our women through E. P. Dutton. $2. the medium of our missionary mag- azine. StepdrLughters of War by H. Z. Smith. Not nice reading. "Savage and unsenti- Another interesting movement has mental." E. P. Dutton. $2.50. been the formation of a Canadian branch of the World Alliance for the Reference Books promotion of International Friendship through the Churches. The Alliance Certain reference books are added with the has its branches all through the Conrequest that these books shall be secured by your library or by someone in your group who tinent and Britain. With this Canawill serve as volunteer librarian for the read- dian Branch are connected the Angliing group in your town. Two are compilations on Disarmament j one is a compilation on thp Pact of Paris; several are on The World Court, anyone or more of which may be srlected. 'l'hey are especially good for sDeakers, debaters, essayists, or for other utilitarian needs.

can Church, the Baptists of Ontario, WHAT SHALL OUR POLICY BE? Quebec and the Maritimes, the United Church, the Presbyterian Church, the By OWEN D. YOUNG Salvation Army and the Quakers. Among its activities are included an When our political policy in interinterchange of preachers in many of national affairs becomes cooperative the border cities of the United States in spirit, which need not involve us in and Canada, and the observance of the entanglements or alliances; when our Sunday before Christmas, on which economic policy looks to the economic prayers are said for the promotion of development of the world as a whole peace and goodwill. and the improvement of living stand- ards everywhere; when our tariffs There is also in Toronto the Inter- and our treaties are made to evidence Church Committee of the League of this spirit (because we are under ,sus- Nations, a woman's organization com- picion now); then we may hope for prising not only the women of the effective plans for farm relief, for re- Protestant Churches but of the Jewish duction of 'our surplus of raw materiand Catholic faiths. Frequent meet- als and manufactured goods, for relief ings are held during the year, when of unemployment, and for-what is addresses are given to stimulate the most important of all-a better spirit attitude of church women against ag- of all nations towards us and towards gressive war, and to bring before each other. That means peace, and them what is 'being done by the wom- peace thrives in a world of contenten of other countries in the interest ment and mutual welfare. It cannot of peace. live in a world or in a nation where there are great inequalities and in- The interest of our Canadian church justices caused by man-made barriers. women was quickened last year by the appointment of Dr. Caroline Mac- What shall our policy be? Whatdonald to the Labor Conference at ever it is, it must be a large and all- Geneva, as interpreter and general as- embracing one. We cannot have a sistant to the Labor Delegate from world-wide economic program if it is Japan, and her report on her return to be defeated by a narrow political at a public meeting under the auspices policy. It does no good for businesses of the Inter-Board Committee. Dr. to send their representatives to for- Macdonald carries on in Tokyo a large eign countries to sell our surplus work among prisoners and girls in in- goods if, politically, we ruthlessly ofdustry. She is called by the Japanese fend the very customers they are tryan ambassador of good will between ing to create. We may tax ourselves the two nations. Two of the Woman's in huge amounts to buy a farm sur- Missionary Societies of Canada give plus, but we will have t() move it out grants to this work. That a Canadian of America or that program will fail. woman should be chosen to interpret After all, the consuming power of the for a foreign power at a gathering world has to be raised but little to which was striving to relieve in all take care of the surpluses which cause nations the misunderstanding between so much disaster to ourselves. capital and labor and help usher in a new and better day in industry, was We, more than anyone in the world, a tribute to Christian missions. need an era of good feeling, not only in our own country but elsewhere. I Believing, as we do, that world beg the leaders both in politics and friendship and prevention of misunder- economics to cultivate it. He who standings among nations is one of the makes bad feelings at home or abroad chief concerns of Christian churches, is not only a destroyer of our proswho represent on earth the Prince of perity today, but he will be the cause Peace, we can do nought else as church of far worse things tomorrow. Amerwomen but throw our whole might ica has no use, nor has the world, for into the promotion of peace. professional manufacturers of bad will.

Visitors corne from the remotest

Roman Catholics Gain in China of the country, and the most inacces- sible parts of the province. RECEIPT of an official report of the apostolic delegate to China show- Last spring an exhibition dealing ing a total membership in the Roman with improved agricultural methods Catholic Church in China of 2,473,619, and village life was visited by over an increase of 47,637 last year, was fifty thousand people, while nearly five announced May 13. thousand students of the local G'Overn- ment scho'Ols carne in relays. The report, made public by the Rev. James G. Keller, superior of the Mary- The Institute is taking a part in knoll Junior Seminary at Los Altos, the nati'On-wide movement against California, showed that, aside from illiteracy, and schools for both boys the regular. clergy there are nine and girls are operating regularly. Chinese bishops, 1,371 Chinese priests, Sunday-schools of three grades meet more than 5,000 Chinese nuns, and on Sundays, in which a total enrolment approximately 4,000 Chinese young of 250 is now recorded. – Missionary men preparing f'or the priesthood.- Herald.

New York Times.

A Legation Stair Observer on the Child Slave. of C:hina China Famine F D OR many years Mrs. F. J. Dymond R. CLAUDE BUSS of the staff of has been doing a splendid work on the American Legation in Peiping behalf of the child slaves of South- recently traveled into one of the West China. famine sections with John Earl Baker, director 'Of the China International In the Preface to her book, "Yun- Famine Relief Commission to investinan," Mrs. Dymond quotes from a gate famine conditions in places where League of Nations publication the there are no roads or railroads and to statement that there are three mil- ascertain how the contributions from lion child slaves in China. She fears America for famine sufferers could that of the eighteen provinces of best be used. He writes: China, Yunnan has the largest propor- tion. She does not mince her words Oh! The sights in the famine area! in showing what this traffic in slaves Beggars everywhere, homes with roofs means. In "Yunnan," Mrs. Dymond torn off to provide fuel, corpses always does not deal exclusively with this naked, lying by the side of the road to problem, but gives vivid word-pictures provide food for dogs and flies. Every- 'Of this part of the country where she body lean and haggard for lack of food. has spent so many years.-Missionary One old man so far gone we gave him Echo. money to buy a meal but he didn't want it. Not enough energy left to even want. The Institute at Tsinanfu He fell down and practically died at our feet. Swollen ankles from weak hearts, T HE people visit the Institute in as swollen stomachs from eating poisonous large numbers as ever. Rarely do weeds-such is a famine region. And the figures fall below 400,000 an- even :worse, every house is a nest of lice, nually, which is about equal to .the scorpiOns and bugs. The bites of these whole population of Tsinanfu cIty. insects spread plague and typhus. Two gwleaedksI wofasthtaot,geatndhoymoeu.~cLaenttimeragtoineChhionwa Famine Relief.

779

Girls School at Shnntefn He attended the L. M. S. schools, first in Peiping and afterwards in Tientsin, OVER the entrance of the mission where he studied theology under Dr. sch{)ol for girls at Shuntefu, Jonathan Lees. In later life he seized China, is thi,s significant title, in various opportunities for fuller edu- Chinese characters, translated liter- cation, taking a two years' course of ally, "Refining furnace pure character study in Bible Training Institute, female learning school." The happy Glasgow, and spending another two in girls I saw inside were a good ex- America at Columbia University and hibit of the effect of the pure char- the Union Theological College. He reacter training they were receiving. ceived his D.D. from Toronto and was One feature of the school is very prac- the first Chinese to become a Doctor tical. Simple living I'ooms fitted up of Divinity of a western university. as a home are located near the gate apart from the dormitory. Here When the China Continuation Comgroups of four girls, two ()lder and mittee was formed II>S the result of two younger ones, live together under Dr. Mott's visit to the Far East, he supervision of the faculty, with full became its Chinese secretary, and reresponsibility for the housekeeping. moved to Shanghai. As is well known, They must buy their food, cook it, the National Christian Council a few serve it, keep the accounts, and attend years later succeeded t{) this committo all other h{)usekeeping duties for tee. When this hapened, Dr. Cheng a month at Ii time. In this way they passed from the secretaryship of the learn by doing, and their own homes one to that of the other, and still later will be the better managed for retains that position. such training.-Letter from George H. Trull,. He presided over the N~tional Christian Conference in 1922, that C. Y. Cheng, Great Chinese Leader epoch-making occasion on which half of the thousand delegates were Chi- OF THOSE who recently crowded nese, and in the various committees the City Temple on the occasion the proportion was far larger. of the annual sermon of the London Missionary Society, a few, no doubt, In 1927 he was appointed the first were present at the Edinburgh Con- Moderator of the Church of Christ in ference twenty years ago. These will China. The following year he reprehave recalled the impression that C. sented his country at the International Y. Cheng made as a young man at Christian Council in Jerusalem, and that historic meeting. took a prominent part in its proceed- ings. He is a vice-chairman of the Since then he hll>s grown steadily International Missionary Council, repin power and influence, and is to-day resenting practically all {)f the Protone of the greatest Christian forces estant missions in the world. The in his own country, and highly re- high positions that have been accorded garded by the universal Church. Dr. to him are an indication of the fact Mott has repeatedly referred to him as that he is universally regarded as a "the great prophet of China." great spiritual force.-Christine I. Tinling, in The Christian, London. The London Missionary Society claims him as it.s own, and certainly GENERAL has every right to be proud of him as one of its "old boys." Dr. Cheng's The Patriarch of Alexandria father was a pastor in Peiping under that mission for a quarter of a cen- MELETIUS, the Ecumenical Patritury. arch of Alexandria, was one of the notable figures at the Lambeth Little Ching-Vi was baptized when Conference. He is {)ne of the besthe WII>S five years old, and grew up in known characters in the whole orthoa home fragrant with holy influences. dox communion. Greek by birth, he

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

first rose to importance as Archbishop congregation which gathered there for of the Church of Cyprus, and a politi- worship and went out from there for cal colleague of Venizelos, by wh()m vital Christian service. Words that he was drawn to the throne of Athens. he has recently spoken may wi,sely be At the next vacancy of the patriarchal pondered by his brother ministers throne, the influence of that states- throughout the country. "People," he man, then as now dominant in Greek has said, "are tired on Sunday. They life, procured his election to Constan- have seen enough shows through the tinople. week. They have had all the enter- taining they care for. What they want As Patriarch he was a leader in the on the Lord's day is a quiet conversavarious reforms that the best men in tion with an earnest-minded man who the Orthodox Church then saw to be is interested in the high things of the needful. But when the Turk came spirit and who knows how to interpret back he was one of the immediate ob- the words of Jesus and the signs of jects of their vengeance. Soldiers the times. Declamation is a bore, orawere sent to arrest him. A telephone tory is an offense, fireworks of every message to the British embassy sort are an impertinence. but a quiet brought down a boat crew on the in- talk on the deep things of God is alstant, and they found the prelate ac- ways strengthening and healing. A tually being forced into the motor preacher who is content to speak in car which was to take him into a cap- everyday language to his people Suntivity where he would have vanished day after Sunday about Jesus Christ, forever. The sailors prevented the and the application of Christian ideas arrest, thereby undoubtedly saving to their personal experiences and to his life, but the Turks were able to the problems of their generati()n, can insist on his resignation of the see, be 'interesting and fresh at the end of and he retired to a monastery on thirty years."-Christian Century. Mount Athos. Thence he was summoned to the throne of Alexandria, Dr. Bowie on Marriage from which he is the ruler of all Orthodox in Africa, including the con- I T IS time that Christian ministers siderable body at such centers as Jo- should recognize the danger of behannesburg. All men would agree he coming mere adjuncts to a social funcis one of the most forceful characters tion and should become increasingly in the Orthoaox episcopate of the day, the priests and interpreters of God's and a prelate whose career has a note meaning for marriage. There ought of the picturesque and the adventur- to be a difference between religious ous that is not too common in this marriage and nonreligious marriage. century.-Living Church. There 'ought to be a difference between Christian marriage and marriage Dr. Jelrerson Leaves the Broadway which is entered into with no thought of the spirit of Christ. If men and Tabernaele women come to the church to be mar- ried, then they ought to desire not DR. CHARLES E. JEFFERSON simply that the church shall solemnize has preached his last serm()n as the marriage ceremony, but that it pastor of the Broadway Tabernacle, should contribute its continuing in- New York City. With the end of that spiration t'O their married life. pastorate there comes to a close one of the most influential ministries in the Our new standards for marriage at history of the American pulpit. For Grace Church are not conceived in any thirty years Dr. Jefferson has been spirit of compulsion. We are not unpreaching in the great church which qualifiedly asking that women and men stands so close to the business center should "join" a Christian church. We of the metropolis. And for thirty hope they will join one, in full status years that church has been filled, not as Christian communicants, but we with curiosity seekers, but with a real

recognize that this may involve quell- the Theological Faculty of the Uni- tions of creed and other difficulties of versity at Zurich. A professorship adjustment which cannot be pledged was granted to him after only three in advance. What we do ask is that years of academic work at the unithey shall "seek to associate themselves versity because of his distinguished for worship and fellowship with a pioneer work in the field of interna- Christian church in the community tional Christian cooperation. where they reside." If they do not want this, there is no reason why they In the document pertaining to the should come to the church to be mar- professorship, the University empharied; and, if they do want it, there is sizes the fact that through his work every reas'on why we of the church on behalf of the Stockholm and Laushould help them to find it.-From a sanne Conferences and their Continusermon by the Rev. W. Russell Bowie, ation Committee·s, and his directorship D.D., Rector of Grace Prtotestant Epis- of the International Social Christian copal Church, New York. Institute, he is in the happy position of standing in the very center of the Gifts for Religion Lead most important theological and eccle- siastical movements, and is thus able THE strength of religious sentiment to lead his ,students into the newly in the United States is reflected in created "ecumenical theology" which the fact that special gifts to religion concerns itself with the points of simled all other objects of philanthropy ilarity in the conception of the Gospel in 1929. The exact figures, as re- among the Christian Churches as well ported by the John Price Jones Cor- as with the weighty social and ethical poration, are: Religion, $996,300,000; problems of present-day Christianity. education, $467,500,000; gifts for personal charity, $279,760,000; organized The Lambeth Resolves charitable relief, $278,710,000; health, $221,510,000; foreign relief, $132,- T HERE were great searchings of 000,000; the fine arts, $40,000,000;· heart at the Lambeth Conference. play and recreation, $20,900,000; mis- And there were great resolves of cellaneous reform organizations, $14,- heart, chief of which was that "the 040,000. It might further be noted Christian Church of every nation that of the funds given for education shQuld refuse to countenance any war a large proportion went to church col- in regard to which the government leges, and that the inspiration for the of its own country ,has Jlot declared $558,000,000 given to charity had its its willingness to submit the matter rise in fundamentally religious im- in dispute to arbitration." If this pulses. Directly or indirectly, religion were lived up to by all the members operated more powerfully on American of that particular Church around the pursestrings than any other one in- globe, and they were joined by all the fluence. It obviously remains a much members of the other Christian stronger influence in our national life Churches, the end of war would be than may be inferred from certain assured. critics of the organized churches, 'or from the observations of circles indif- A citizen following this "resolve" ferent to the subject.-C h r is t ian would have normal and spiritual au- Standard. thority of the highest character for refusing to go to war if his country Swiss Government Honors Dr. Keller refused to take the preliminary step toward peace. This reservati-on would DR. ADOLF KELLER, the Federal carry national patriotism into a higher Council's special representative level than that which often prevails in Europe, wa,s recently the recipient in times of great emotional exciteof a very unusual honor, bestowed on ment. The position taken by the conhim by the Swiss Government through ference offers a challenge to every government that has entered into the

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

pact for the. pacific settl~n:ent of in- and social injustice, all sectarianism and ternational dlsputes. Indlvlduals have Protestant division, all lawlessness and dared to go so far under the prompt- selfish nationalism and all attacks on the ings of their own consciences. But movement toward disarmament.-New this is the unanimous pronouncem~nt York Times. of a body of Bishops representmg their constituents in practically all the LATIN AMERICA countries of the earth. Indian Facts Other resolves relate to matters of more intimate concern to the family REV. W. CAMERON TOWNSEND, life and to individual faith……. But of the Central American Mission, out of all the disquieting perplexities submits the following facts concerning which have confronted the Church in modern society, it ri·ses with un- Indians in the Americas: . dimmed faith and confident hope, asserting that with the help of science There are 500 or more Indian Ian" it is' now able to trace "a continuous process of creative development ~t guages spoken in Latin America which every stage of which we find the ~I­ vine Presence and power." Scientific have not been reduced to writing. thinking has given back to us a sense of reverence for a Creator who is Many of these Indian tribes live in ~he "always and everywhere active within the universe."-New York Times. almost inaccessible fastnesses of m- terior South America. Some of them have never been visited by the white man.

Definite effort is being made by various pioneer missionary agencies to reach these scattered peoples, but the need has not begun to be met.

Christian Endeavor-Berlin Meeting Protestantism in Argentina T HE last day of the eighth World I N ARGENTINA we are being con- Chri·stian Endeavor Congress was fronted with the immigration prob- marked by services in nearly all the lem. Up to within ten years, most of Berlin churches to which the dele- our immigration came from the South gates from forty"two nations. thr?nged of Europe, but now we are getting and by an enthusiastic meetmg m the people from the north: Germans, evening, the closing session of the Poles, Czechoslovaks, etc. A great congress, to which more than 15,000 many of them are Protestants. Years came to take leave of one another and ago, when the Argentine Gover.nme~t repledge themselves to carry on ~he took the census of its populatIon, It work of the society in their respective invariably announced the number of lands. Catholics and Protestants to be found within its territory; but they no Dr. Daniel A. Poling, president of longer do that.. The Protestant popthe World Christian Endeavor Union, ulation has increased tremendously said: within these last years.-Bible Society Record. We have opened a new epoch in the youth movement of the Ch!"isti.an C~urc?, Venezuela to Pay Off Its Debt I believe. Our organizatlOn IS actIve m 112 lands. Eighty thousand one hundred A NEW day.of celebrating.a nationand seven societies are reported. al histone event has Just been adopted by Venezuela. That country, Germany's welcome to this army of to commemorate the 100th anniver- Christian Endeavor members has been sary of the establishment of its indespontaneous and unqualified. Ever~­ pendence from Spanish rule, which where we have been treated well. PresI- took place under the leadership of dent von Hindenhurg's w~lcome an.d ~ur Bolivar, has decided during the year talk with him were partICularly sIgnIfi- to payoff its entire national debt of cant. His life motto, "Ora et Labora" $4,700,000. [worship and work], became the convention message.

In the final hour of dedication these representatives of 4,000,000 yo,ung peol?le vowed themselves against all mter-raclal

University of Mexico more tourists to this island of en- chantment. A very fine purpo.se ….. . THE National University of Mexico However, there is one feature of its was originally founded under papal program with which the writer is sanction in 1553 by decree of Philip completely out of harmony. In its or- II of Spain. It claims to be the oldest ganization meeting the leader, amid university in the Western Hemisphere, hearty amens from those about him, antedating the founding of Harvard said: "This publicity about homeless College by eighty-six years. It has p;ople, hungry and naked children, had a long and varied history, and is Sickness and neglect must be stopped. now independent alike of ecclesiastical We must allow nothing but that which as well as political control, although in is rose tinted and good to be said about part receiving its support from the our island." No doubt his purpose is revenues of the Republic. The Pre·si- good, but his judgment is bad. That dent of the United States of Mexico is one of the thi'ngs which has held and other high officers are ex-officio Porto Rico back for so long. It has members of its board of trustees, the not been willing to face right up to majority of whom are elected from the its shortcomings and its needs. Percitizenry of the Republic, the faculty, haps the greatest thing which Gov. and in part from the students. Its Theodore Roosevelt did for Porto Rico present official title is "Universidad was to place its actual conditions be- Nacional Autonoma de Mexico." There fore the people of the United States. are nine thousand students and well Porto Rico is definitely a part of the organized departments of study and United States of America. Her citiresearch in the various sciences, in- zens are citizens of the nation. A weak cluding the Instituto de Biologia and spot here is a weak spot in the nation. the National Museum of Natural His- Dying children, nakedness, and starvatory.-W. J. Holland, in The Carnegie tion here mean that we are permitting Magazine. such conditions under our ·own flag, among ,our own citizens. Porto Rico Cuba did not ask to become a part of the United States. We took the island by EXTENSIVE public works have armed force. We must now see that its been initiated involving the ex- people have a chance to become healthy, penditure of more than one hundred strong, constructive, happy citizens. million dollars of public funds. A Porto Rico is indeed one of the most magnificent new highway, extending beautiful spots in the world. It has through the island for more than 800 one of the most wonderful climates mile.s, is now in process of construc- …… No citizen of the United States tion and will probably be completed in who ventures out on the sea in boats 1933. A new capitol building has re- should fail to spend a few weeks in cently been erected at an expenditure Porto Rico. At the same time, no one of approximately sixteen million dol- should come expecting to find it perlars. Cuba is a land of great natural fect. The per capita wealth in Porto resources, under-populated, ideally lo- Rico is only $182, as compared to $1,- cated, and its future prosperity should 123 in the United States. To those not be without a reasonable solution. who have a little imagination this fact As in all such instances, this is a time will reveal a lot.-C. Manly Morton, in when unselfish leadership is being The Christian Century. tested.-Annual Report Presbyterian Board of National Missions. Government Schools in Mexico Porto Rico Seeks Tourists ONE of the characteristics of the present movement in Mexico is PORTO RICO SERVICE, INC., has that of the spread of education. The been organized. Its .purpose is to Department of the Federal Governso advertise Porto Rico as to attract

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ment has been establishing rural to accommodate the increasing popuschools in every state of the Republic. lation at home. Japan's principal food Besides, every state and town is doing supply will certainly run short, if her something to establish and support population should continue to increase schools for the benefit of the children and her surplus popUlation should not of the country. There is at present be afforded an exit. an army of 35,000 teachers engaged in the educatiQn of the youth in Certain members of the Population Mexico. There are more than 1,400,- and Foodstuff Research Committee in 000 children enrolled in all the schools, Tokyo have been advocating the diverwhich shows the largest number ever sion of unemployed at home to South receiving an education in Mexico. America and the South Seas. But emigration without subsequent finan- The present administration headed cial aid has brought about difficulties by President Ortiz Rubio has in- in South America. The South Seas creased the approprIation for the declare that they are at present un- Department of Education and the de- able to receive Japanese unemployed. partment in charge of this important Litemry Digest. branch of the government is busy distributing that money in new schools, A Japanese Pastor's Library estabJi.shed wherever they are most needed.-Andres Osuna, in The Mis- WE VISITED one day a little stasionary Voice. tion which was opened years ago at Kashiwakubo, some two hours dis- JAPAN-KOREA tant from Tokyo. Nowhere else in the world have I seen such constant Growth of Tokyo beauty of landscape as greets one here. On every side were hills covered I N THE five years between the great with fine trees vi dense foliage; here earthquake and fire in Tokyo, of and there was a rushing mountain September, 1923, and December, 1928, stream and mile after mile, as we the population of Tokyo grew seven travelled along a winding road, now hundred thousand to a total of 2,218,- dipping into valleys, now going by 400. In this vast city there are 115 tunnel straight through the heart of churches, of which about twenty-five some mountain, there was no lessenare parishes and missions of the Nip- ing of the grandeur of nature on every pon Sei Kokwai. Of the other two side. faiths recognized by Japan as being principal religions of the empire, The neat little church of Kashi- Shintoism has 232 shrines, and Bud- wakubo stands on a bluff commanding dhism has 1,082 great temples.-Spirit a view f'Or miles over the country side of Missions. and directly in front, perhaps twenty- five miles distant, towers Fuji itself. Japan Growing a Million a Year Surely the pastor here must have con- -stant inspiration for his task. He and ONE million new Japanese every a number 'Of his congregation were year have mouths to be fed, and assembled to greet us and we had a need shelter and clothing. Japan has very pleasant time with them, drinka population about half that of the ing tea which had been prepared from United States, concentrated in an area the leaves of the tea tree in the pasabout the size of Texas. How the tor's own garden. resources of the country are to meet this problem is an ever-recurring puz- A glance at the library of this paszle to Japanese officials and scientific tor was revealing. This was a small authorities. rural church, yet here, as everywhere we went, we found well-trained college Just now this question is more acute graduates taking up the task of the because, as long as the business de- ministry. These are some of the pression continues, there is no room books which we found in his library: 5

Harnack: What Is Christianity? boards grant annually about 1,900,000 McGiffert: Prote'stant Thought Be- yen, and the native churches con- fore Kant. tribute about 1,300,000 yen. There are E. C. Moore: Protestant Thought 3,300 church buildings, and 3,800 Since Kant. other places where Christian services H. R. Mackintosh: The Originality are held. The total member,ship is of the Christian Message. 108,000 and adherents estimated at James Moffat: The Theology of the about 220,000. Of Sunday-schools Gospels. there are 4,000, with 15,000 teachers, W. R. lnge: Christian Mysticism. and 185,000 pupils attending. In edu- T. R. Glover: Jesus ,of History. cation there are 400 sch'Ools for boys, P. T. Forsyth: Positive Preaching with 1,000 teachers and 30,000 pupils; and the Modern Mind. 170 for girls, with 580 teachers, and James Denney: Jesus and the Gos- 14,000 pupils; and about 200 mixed pel. primary schools with 500 teachers and James Orr: Revelation and Inspira- 9,000 pupils. Of kindergartens there tion. are 170, with 330 teachers, and about Otto: The Idea of the Holy. 7,000 children. There are also 22 hos- This was not an isolated instance pitals and 25 dispensaries, and 68 as we found similarly well-stocked li- medical missionaries in service. braries elsewhere in small rural fields. It is a matter of deep encouragement Korean Christian Activities that the Church in Japan possesses the spirit of independence and that there I N ANY summary, mention should is also a highly trained, thoughtful, be made of ,several special institureading ministry. Possibly the second tions. The missions conduct three fact is partly accountable for the first. leper colonies with about 880 inmates With these two elements in the situa- in each; there are two Union Christion, we have cause for real confidence tian Colleges and three Theological in the future of the Church of Christ Seminaries; a Christian Literature in Japan.~Dr. F. M. Potter, in Chris- Society that publishes nearly 80,000,- tian lntelligencer. 000 pages per year; a Bible House that has put in circulation copies of Ohristian Progress in Korea the Scriptures during the eighteen years of its existence; a Y. M. C. A., I T WAS not until 1885 that organ- that in addition to its city student and ized and de5nite eff,orts were made rural work, has an industrial departto establish the Christian Church in ment which has printing presses that Korea. That year saw the coming of now do most of the work that was representatives of both the Presby- formerly sent to Yokohama before the terian and the Methodist Churches 1923 earthquake; a Sunday-School and marks the real beginning of Prot- Association whose work covers all estant work. The progress made dur- Korea and yearly puts into circulation ing these intervening forty-five years a great volume of its own special is most impres,sive, as will be seen by books and publications; the Union following present-day figures. Christian Hospital at Pyeng-yang, and the world-famous Severance Union Of the total of 474 foreign mission- Medical Oollege with its associated aries, 88 men and 77 women are en- hospital; and a Woman's College-the gaged in evangelistic work; 31 men only school of this grade in Korea. and 53 women in education; 33 men The Christian Church and its accomand 35 women in medical work; 10 panying activities are well established in miscellaneous lines (agriculture, in this land, and are functioning in etc.); and the balance of 147 are fitting way.s as can be seen from the wives, most of whom are active as- above condensed sketch.-Congrega- ,sistants in the whole program. tionalist.

For the work in hand the several

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

AFRICA schools in Kenya. Already thirty-three teachers have finished the supervis{)r Airships in Christian Serviee course and forty-seven more are under instruction at the Kenya school. Those A CHAIN of first-class airdromes has who have finished go out to the vil- been laid out across Africa from lages through the country, helping the Cape to Cairo. Dr. Robert P. both teachers and schools by giving Wilder, missionary secretary in the them the basic methods of teaching Near East, flew recently from Bushire and starting them on local projects inin Arabia to Cairo, 1,098 miles, in sev- cluding hygiene, sanitation, agriculenteen hours, saving in that way eight ture, home construction, school crafts days of land travel. The Australian and recreation. Inland Mission of the Presbyterian Church sends doctors and nurses by A return of these supervisors every air to isolated sick settlers, often year or two for several weeks of rebringing back patients to a base hos- newed instruction is a part of the pital. Mrs. Osborn says in The Pres- Jeanes system of training. byterian Magazine: "It is only four hours at the outside limit before help Madigas Revival can arrive for a sufferer. Instead of a terrible j'ourney from water-hole to I N THE Canadian Mission Revival, water-hole under blazing sun, the trav- as significant a phase as any is the eling is now done by doctors and movement of the Madigas to Christ nurses who are notified by radio. A in the northern fields, long counted properly equipped airplane ambulance unfruitful. This Madiga community takes the skilled as'sistant to the res- was the one most largely gathered in cue." The expenses of this service are by the great mass movements radiatlargely paid by a bequest of the Aus- ing from Ongole, and it ·still constitralian harvester manufacturer, Hugh tutes about ninety-five per cent of the Victor McKay. 93,768 church members in the A. B. Telugu Mission today. The rural Alongside 'Of this relief work is a Madiga movement has a persistent splendid system for sending religious element of weakness in the extreme and general literature to isolated set- poverty of those involved. But there tlers; and itinerant preachers now are great elements of strength as well. itinerate by airplane. So the old order The Gospel makes almost a clean changes giving us in anticipation a sweep of them as it moves through picture of the acceleration which is them in a region. They have staying coming in the witness to the Gospel in powers of the greatest value. Their alliands.-S. S. Times. humility in learning and their will- ingness, when lead, to make great sac- Ea,st Africa rifices for education, and progress are beyond praise. THE development of the Jeanes schools is the most {)utstanding in- The American Baptist Mission, toformation about this section of Africa. gether with the Anglican, Lutheran, The Jeanes system of supervisor London Congregational, Mennonite teachers, so effective in the improve- and Canadian Baptist Missions, have ment of rural Negro schools in Amer- shared in the steady expansion of this ica, offers the best suggestions for Madiga movement northward and conditions as they are found in Africa. westward. And now a new and mighty The Phelps Stokes Commission, after movement is sweeping them in by a study of education in East Africa hundreds in the extreme north of the in 1924, established five of these Telugu area. The significance is vast. Jeanes schools in carefully selected We know full well the ills of unshepareas of East and South Africa. The herded converts. Yet we cannot for- Carnegie Foundation, about four years bear expressing the opinion that the ago, established another of these danger of throttling a great move-

ment, and of making la,sting hostility NORTH AMERICA to the Kingdom by refusing baptisms because workers are lacking, seems Protestant Social Work far greater than the dangers from believers being unshepherded for a time. H W. HOPKIRK of the Child Wel- -Baptist Missionary Review. • fare League of America recently gathered statistic,s upon the number Restraint on Christian Inquirers of hospitals, homes and other institu- tions maintained by the Protestant AN EXAMPLE of the way in which churches, for the Federal Council of ft progress is sometimes discour- Churches. The following data are taken from his report: aged for lack of sufficient workers, comes in a letter to the Church Mis- Within the United States the Protsionary Society from the Rev. W. J. estant churches support more than 340 Payne, of Benin, West Africa. Some hospitals or sanitaria, 310 homes for Urhobos asked him to visit them and the aged and 400 institutions for chilto send them a teacher. At that time dren or child placing agencies. There there was no teacher available to send. is considerable variation in the extent When some months later Mr. Payne to which particular institutions give visited the place, he found that the preference for admission to individuals people had built a church, and the con- of their own communion. About onegregation numbered over fifty. They half the homes for the aged specify had provided themselves with a that they will take only, or give prefteacher, and subsequently this young erence to, applicants who are members man was formally appointed to take of the denomination sponsoring the charge of the church and school. home. But most Protestant church "When I paid them a second visit," hospitals and institutions for children writes Mr. Payne, "the number attend- do not have such a policy. Frequently ing church had nearly doubled, so that an institution for children draws a it is now necessary for them to en- majority of its population from familarge their church. The difficulty is lies of the communion supporting it, that so many want to learn for baptism but quite often, as is true of church that it is almost impossible for one hospitals, the majority of those under lad to teach them." And the narrative care are of other faiths. ends not with the words: "So I sent a second teacher," but: "So I had to ad- Of the organizations caring for chilvise him to reduce the number pre- dren, most are institutions for the. deparing for baptism." pendent and neglected, often known as orphanages, orphans' homes or chil- Sanitary Engineer for Liberia dren's homes. A few institutions and child placing agencies specialize in THROUGH the liberality of the the care of cripples, epileptics, chil- Board of Foreign Missions of the dren with behavior problems, or con- United Lutheran Church in America valescents. But for the most part the a sanitary engineer will be sent to service is not specialized. Probably Monrovia, Liberia, West Africa, to seventy per cent of the institutional combat the encroachment of yellow and child placing service under Protfever in that country. The Liberian estant church auspices is carried on Government will contribute $15,000 without the benefit,s of social case annually to the mission board's $7,500 work. toward a sanitary department. By special arrangement with the United Those institutions which add case States Department of State an engi- work to their programs usually find it neer will be sent out from the office of desirable to diversify their programs the Surgeon General of the U. S. Pub- so to allow a child to receive foster lic Health Service.-American Friend. home care or mother's aid if -such service seems desirable, thus reserv- ing the facilities of the institution for those in need of institutional care.

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Hard Experiences in Alaska mail boat was just a scow and we I N JANUARY, 1929, Miss Helen were overcrowded. We certainly en- Lambert, the nurse at Allakaket, joyed our beds at the mission after Alaska, was severely burned through sleeping on the floor for a week."- the explosion of a can of gasoline. The Living Church.

Allakaket is -one of the most distant and isolated mission posts in Alaska. A University for Pacific Coast Coun- It is entirely without medical facili- tries T ties except those supplied by Miss HE University of California has embarked upon an enterprise of Lambert herself. The nearest hospital is the government railroad hospital at education that has no parallel, for the Nenana, more than 300 miles away. opportunity has never existed before.

Miss Lambert and her feUowworker, It is gathering its component institu- Miss Thompson, were finally carried to tions into a strong federation with Nenana by airplane. Bishop Rowe two clear purposes: first, to increase arranged for Miss Lambert to come to the highest degree its service 00 to the United States for treatment and American scholarship; second, to reach Miss Thompson was assigned to Ne- out to all those shores washed by the nana. waters of the Pacific Ocean. Its geo- This necessary arrangement, much graphical position, as well as the re- to Bishop Rowe's distress, left Alla- lationships that are naturally taking kaket uncared for. He finally a,sked form, will bring to it students from Miss Amy Hill, who put in three fruit- all Asia and much of South America.

ful years of work at Allakaket before Already the number of students her assignment to Anvik, to return to from Pacific lands is large, and there the former post in company with a new is now being built upon the campus at recruit, Miss Estelle Wilcox, a teacher. Berkeley an International House, made The uncertainties of Alaskan travel possible by the generosity of John D.

are well illustrated by Mj.ss Hill's ex- Rockefeller, Jr. A thing of beauty, perience. She left Anvik, about 500 Spanish in architecture and equipped miles west of Nulato, August 19, to to give comfortable and cheerful hous- make connections with a mail boat due ing to 331 men and 115 women, Inter- to go up the Koyukuk August 26. Ow- national House will speak the word ing to an accident to one of the river Welcome to the thousands 'of students steamers all schedules were disar- studying in the University. One ranged and Miss Hill found herself fourth of the residents in this house -obliged to wait at Nulato for two will be "Americans," and through this weeks. It is one of the most unat- fact the visiting students will be tractive spots on the Yukon with brought at mice into social contact and nothing but a very questionable road fellowship with our people.-Freeman house to accommodate passing travel- Tilden, in "World's Work."

ers. "Fortunately for me," say-s Miss Hill, "the Roman Catholic Mission at Churches in New York City A Nulato had accommodation for me, CCORDING' to the Industrial Bu- reau of the Merchants' As-sociaand so the stay was comfortable and sociable, as the missionaries there are tion of New York City there are 3,398 -so kind." While waiting at Nulato, churches and synagogues in the Met- Miss Hill was joined by Miss Wilcox. ropolitan district, tabulated as follows Speaking of the experiences of the according to denQmination: Roman trip from Nulato to Allakaket, Miss Catholic, 900 churches; Lutheran, 540; Hill says: "Our seven days' trip on Presbyterian, 473; Protestant Epis- that mail boat, with no accommoda- copal, 327; Methodist Episcopal, 300; tions whatever, was enough to initiate Reformed Church in America, 245; anyone. If you did nQt get sour dur- Congregational, 129; Baptist, 108; ing those days you never would. The Jewish synagogues, 102; Christian

Science, 101; Seventh Day Adventist, A number of years ago the Japa- 50; Methodist Protestant, 30; Re- nese churches formed a Japanese formed Church in the United States, Church Extension Board and entered 21; Unitarian, 20; Evangelical into an agreement that they would Church, 17; Moravian, 13; Evan- take enough reductioll in grants each gelical Synod of North America, 11; year so as to open a new field. This Universalist, 10; Church of Jesus last year the field at Santa Maria was Christ of Latter Day Saints, 1. opened and in the coming year a church will be started at Hayward, Studying Peace California.

T HE strife against war takes on a A report notes our ·service among serious form when-people will un- the Koreans thus: This is a small dergo sustained study and training for work. Nevertheless the few Koreans leadership in the cause. The Friends' are earnest and zealous. The Korean Service Commission invited all inter- Presbyterian church at Dinuba has ested people to attend a fortnight of just completed a new manse. The study at Haverford College, and the people secured all their funds and had school was organized for work, with them in the savings bank before conabundant time f.or critical discussion struction was started, except for grant and the comparison of different points and loan of $500 from the Board of of view. National Missions. – Presbyterian Magazine. Two forms of propaganda were specially developed. The one favored by Youth in Evidence in Toronto Conthe Friends and the United Brethren contemplates teams engaged in "ca1'- vention on Religious Education avaning." Each team consists of two young people who are provided with a I F 1905 was a convention of adults second-hand Ford car and $25 a week and a promoter of the Adult Bible with which to keep both the car and Class, then 1930 was pre-eminently a themselves in the field. On the other promoter of youth in religious educahand, the Methodist agency will oper- tion. During the entire week of the ate through another set of young convention two groups of adult youth people, each of whom will spend a leaders and young people themselves week in several summer schools, pro- were in session, and the last three moting the ·study and practice of days over 1,000 young people from pacifism in the church leaders among thirty-six states and provinces, repreyoung people. senting over thirty denominations, met in a great youth conference to The institute register numbered plan and promote the program of Renearly seventy, and they hailed frQm ligious Education as it referred to all parts of northeastern America. It youth. Probably this was one of the is safe to say that no one was disap- most significant features of the whole pointed. Whatever expectations might Toronto 1930 gathering and had no have been roused by the announcement counterpart in the 1905 meeting. The were more than realized in the experi- general meeting in which youth and ence which was achieved. – Christian adults gathered in the great audi- Century. torium was the first intimation to some delegates that so much had OrieDtals in AJ.Il.erica really been going on in the convention. – Congre gationalist. THE past year has been one of great development in Presbyterian work WESTERN ASIA among the Chinese in the United States. Every ·one of the Chinese Beirut College for WOlUen churches under the Board of National Missions shows a growth in member- ..t T LAST it has started! The Amership. t l ican Junior College for Women in Beirut, Syria, is no longer a dream,

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

but a fact. Daughters of Christians members at once to Kariz, a town on and Moslems are embarking on this the border, where all automobiles goadventure and realizing what it means. ing to Herat must stop for some hours in the customs, and there open a tea- A Persian Saint house. He would form acquaintance with Afghans and give them Christian CAN you imagine yourself without books to take into their country. The arms or legs? Life would hardly Meshed Christians have fallen in with be worth living! But here is Dai the plan and sent a recent convert, Yoosef, who has lost both arms and himself an Afghan, to the border with both legs, and he is one of the hap- samovar, cups, dishes, sugar, tea, and piest men you can meet in a day's fifteen hundred books to see what he walk. I visited him in the hospital can do. after his second arm had been amputated, and he was all smiles and full Many free-minded Afghans who of joy; and not a word of murmur or have fled Afghanistan in the recent complaint. I had taken him a flower, troubles have settled in Meshed, near and for the moment I forgot he could the Afghan border. They are quite not take it. He looked up and, laugh- approachable, come to the mission ing heartily, said: "Sorry, Bishop, reading room, and show interest in but I'll have to trouble you to put it Christian teaching.-Sunday School in my buttonhole for me!" Times.

When I sympathized with him about Koran Translated into Turkish the loss oOf his arm, he smiled and said: "Surely God needed such a one ARABIC, being a sacred language, as me to show what He can do with ft the ecclesiastics have cried out a man who has neither arms nor legs, but who has learnt to praise Him for against their book appearing in any all His goodness and His love." Well, other tongue. But the Turkish gov- I had come to sympathize with him, ernment has in spite of this allowed but he sent me away rejoicing. I the pUblication of three separate could only thank God foOr the testi- translations. Fourteen thousand copies mony of Dai Yoosef. have been sold. Turks who formerly heard the sounding Arabic of the Surely the Lord had need of a man Koran without understanding anysuch as he is, utterly helpless, but thing of its meaning imagined it full of joy and gladness, and always charged with tremendous and mystic able to find something for which to meanings. That impression melts praise the Lord. When you are down away when the Koran is read in the in the dumps, follow Dai Yoosef's ex- vernacular. It is sometimes enough ample, and look for something for to place a Koran and a Testament in which to praise God !-Bishop J. H. the hands of a reader and leave him Linton, in C. M. S. Gleaner. to draw his own conclusions.

A Persian Christian Siege of Afghan- It is said that Kemal Pasha ip dis- gust threw the book across the room istan into a corner. Yet in the Sudan the primary textbook in all the govern- APERSIAN Christian teacher who ment schools is the Koran, and Islam has the evangelization of Afghan- is gaining ground constantly in the istan much on his heart, received per- Anglo – Egyptian Sudan. – Sunday mission to enter the country as a ped- School Times. dler. He spent a month at Herat, the chief city in northwest Afghanistan, EUROPE and came back full of enthusiasm over the possibility of Persian Christians Theologues in Gerlllany Are Increasgoing to Herat as tradesmen and artisans and quietly preaching the ing Gospel there. He urged the church in Meshed, Persia, to send one of its AN INCREASE of theological stu- f t dents in Germany is indicated by the fact that 4,678 students there are

following theological studies; 229 of to 6 per cent and the hotels have rethese being women. This represents duced the rates in Paris under presan increase over last year of more sure from the official tourist bureau. than I,OOO-the highest figure for all time.-Christian Century. "Germany is poor and there are plenty of unemployed everywhere, London Congress of C. M. s. while the cost of living is high. Italy is not so badly off on the surface be- "THAT it is highly incumbent upon cause the people do not care to com- every Christian to endeavor to plain under the Mussolini regime. Spain cannot keep the value of the propagate the knowledge of the Gos- peseta up because she has no gold. pe! among the heathen." From this and other resolutions passed by thir- "England is in a bad way because teen clergy and eleven laymen in the the dole system has broken down un- Castle and Falcon Inn, Aldersgate, on der the Labor Administration."-New April 12, 1799, has grown up what we York Times. today recognize as the great and farreaching work of the Church Mission- A Turk on Turkey's Ignorance ary Society. The growth is a wonderful story of God's mercy, leading, WE ARE ignorant; our ignorance and power: His mercy in forgiving is great. The books issued in many mistakes and weaknesses, His a single day in a European country leading in that again and again the are equal in value to the books issued sure word has been revealed and fol- in ten years in our country. We have lowed, His power in that countless not one single scientific book on pedamen, women, and children have been gogy. Translations do not exceed led from darkness to follow the light twenty in number. In past years, of Christ. On September 22-25, the we used to call "learned" those Hodjas society is proposing to hold a Con- with Turbans! We understood their gress in London, when representatives ignorance and their value has defrom all over England, Wales, and creased to zero before our eyes. In Ireland will gather in London to hear those days chemistry and medicine from leaders overseas of the great were making g rea t progress in commitments and opportunities which Europe, whereas we were sleeping in are upon us, to hear also the call from our ignorance. We were happy, yet leaders at home to face this great day so ignorant! We believed that 'Our with renewed courage and with un- Sultans had the miraculous power of flinching determination.-Churck Mis- seventy saints, so much so that they sionary Outlook. could blind the eyes of a Czar in Mos- cow by pointing their fingers out in Economic Conditions in Europe that direction!

GEORGE HARRISON PHELPS, Science is in the west. It is in special commissioner of the De- Germany, France, England, Russia, partment of Labor in Washington, Italy and America. It is everywhere who visited France, England, Italy, in the west; it is nowhere in our Spain and Germany, said the economic country. What can we do in this and industrial conditions in Europe state ? We have entered into western were unfavorable everywhere except life. We want to walk together with in France, where he said he found the western nations. Our goal is good prosperity on every side. and worthy of encouragement. We must follow the west if we intend to "There are no unemployed in live as a nati'On in the world. There France," the commissioner said, "and is no other way. Why should we stand there is more gold there than in any and wait? We cannot walk on this country except the United States. The path by talking and by pride only! luxury tax has been reduced from 12 We have hardly the light of a firefly! We need the light of a sun!

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

The west is open before us like an longer."-Extracts from letters from ocean of light. We can take as much Russia and Siberia, pubUshed by the as we like. Nobody is hindering us. National Lutheran Council.

But we cannot take this light merely by the show movements of a false ISLANDS acrobat! We must make real effort. Follow Up EvangelisDl Our ignorance is like the wall of _ AN EFFECTIVE plan of keeping in China. We must pull down. We must l. touch with discharged patients enter the world of light. – Kazim has been adopted by the Presbyterian Nami, in Uyanis (Turkish) Transla-' mission hospital at Dumaguete, in the tion Service of the School of Religion, Philippine Islands. A young man Pale on Pha/Bron" Greece. visits each former patient about three Continued Persecution in Russia or four times each year, leaving a tract and other religious literature, T IFE is very hard. We have no though sometimes the journey is 50 L clothing, no linen. Food is brought miles. The story is told that a patient of the hospital was given a New Testato us by kind people and thus we are ment which he studied, but, being unstill living. , . ,A short time ago many able to attend any religious services, people of our villages were taken to did not show any deep interest in the railroad station, quite a transport Christianity. However, he took his went off, but nobody knows where to Testament with him to his home back -that is a secret. It is said by many in the hills, where he organized a conthat Siberia or the Antarctic Sea may gregation; elders were elected and be the destination. From day to day regular worship was conducted" every we are waiting for our turn …. Yes- Sunday in this man's home. There terday my husband was arrested and was only one Testament in the little sent away. I am in despair,., .Just village and when a colporteur of the now I am sitting in my bare little American Bible Society, who had been room, in the corner is a heap of straw told by inhabitants of another town to covered with a piece of old sack cloth. go farther back into the hills where … ,My thoughts are always with my they were asking for this book, reached husband … ,what sort of a night is this village his stock was soon exhe to have? … Really, if we would hausted. not cling to our belief that God will turn all these things into wholesome fruit of justi1ication, we would have Rural Y. M. C. A. in Ha.waii to despair or go mad as so many now Y do ….. M. C. A. first honors for rural May God, the dear Father in • work anywhere in America went heaven, take pity on us and deliver to Kauai, in the Hawaiian Islands, us. We hoped from day to day that under the direction of the capable sec- the door of our pris'on would Open at retary, Mr. Andrew Gross. The work last, but in vain. It is a dreadful is conducted largely through the pub- state not to be safe for a moment. lic schools and churches of the Island This horrible, nerve-shattering state and includes boys' clubs, Bible study makes life a torture. And all this classes, devotional periods, basketball under the cover of freedom, equality, tournaments, hygiene talks, ,socials, brotherhood ….. entertainments, thrift meetings, and From a prison camp in Siberia: many other activities. An older boys'

"Many families are living here. They conference is held and a boys' camping die like flies. Ice is still in our bar- center has been purchased. Since it racks. We cannot sleep, we are sur- is always ,summer in Hawaii the place rounded by vermin." Perhaps this is is used throughout the year. Boys the last letter that I will write. There from nine to twelve are cared for in is no hope of enduring it much "Friendly Indian" clubs, and the

group from twelve to fifteen in "Pio- several centuries before the Christian neer" clubs. Paralleling this program Era.

is the work of the Y. W. C. A. which Probably more battles, sieges, mas- reaches a large number of girls. sacres, and murders crowd the annals These two organizations are making of this town than those of any other a great contribution to the life of similar area throughout the world.

these present and future Americans. "It is my desire that the planning "Father and Son" banquets are held· and designing of the public buildings and, since most of the fathers are to be erected will be cunsidered with Orientals, the occasions are both in- the greatest deliberation and care so teresting and picture·sque. English that the new creation may be in every classes are conducted for this older way worthy of this ancient and beaugroup. The chief industry of Kauai tiful city," said George V, Emperor is sugar cane, and the Y work is car- of India, on Dec. 15, 1911, when he ried on in close touch with the planta- laid the foundation stone of the new tion programs. The lives of many city.-New York Times. hundreds of Japanese-American, Kor- ean-American and Filipino-American Henry Martyn School, Lahore are being influenced. THE recently 0 pen e d Christian Inventing Written Language school of Islamic Studies at Lahore, India, has been given the appropriate DR. FRANK C. LAUBACH in the name of the "Henry Martyn Schoo!." Philippines, is adding to his The mIssIOnary societies through many interesting achievements the whose initiation the project is due are invention of a written language. At the S. P. G., the C. M. S., the W. M. least he is now struggling to reduce M. S., the L. M. S., and the Methodist to writing a language hitherto only Episcopal Church of North America.

spoken or used in a very difficult Arabic script. Its nineteen sounds he Sam Higginbottom Decorated is seeking to reproduce with one sound As A recognition of his work the 1)or each letter, in order to facilitate King of England sometime ago the publishing of the Bible and other presented Mr. Sam Higginbottom with books needed in the education of the the Kaiser-in-Hind medal, one of the people of Mindanao. highest honors bestowed by the king upon residents of India. The medal If anyone thinks it is easy to do was given this American missionary what Dr. Laubach is attempting, we in recognition of the pioneer work he would suggest his trying it on some has done. He introduced better agrilanguage which he has heard but has cultural methods among the native never seen written in Romanist form.

INDIA farmers. As a result he has given India's New Capital them a few of the comforts of life, raised their standards of living from T HE new capital of India may not that of abject squalor to that of or- be as beautifully located amid dinary comforts and sanitation, and in lovely natural surroundings as Can- general contributed to the welfare of berra or Darul-Aman, the new capital the people. So well has he done his of Afghanistan, or as luxuriously built work that both Indian princes and as Washington, but it has a romance British government officials h a v e of antiquity which is perhaps denied sought his advice about the develop- to its competitors. The imperial city ment of the rural districts of India.

of Delhi, the Rome of Asia, with its His introduction of American agri- surrounding area of furty-five square cultural machinery is being watched miles of suburban territory, teems with interest by the whole Orient. If with relics of empires dating back to his experiment succeeds in India sim-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ilar experiments will be undertaken militant teaching and the full accept- in other places. – The Presbyterian ance of the doctrines of Jesus Christ. Advance. ….. From this grim religious obses- sion of soul-slavery (forced upon the India's Curse untouchables by the insistent social pressure of the caste system) only an T wo men of outcaste rank were antipodal creed, brought by men them- traveling on a train in India. It selves white hot with belief in the stopped at a station, they alighted, supreme efficacy of their own faith, bought cups of tea and drank them. could set the victim free. These mis- Suddenly pandemonium broke loose sionaries have done a job of humanizbecause they had dared drink from ing work, have aroused a volume of the same cup used by higher caste -outspoken gratitude and affection, travelers. Finally the two men were h a v e developed a propagandizing forced to buy the cups. Then, heap- power, not without potentiality in fuing indignity upon indignity, the ture India." guard on the train said "Aha, you have cups in your possession. You "Until" Meetings must pay me four rupees to make it worth while not to take you up for B ISHOP B. T. BADLEY writes in this." A lawyer of low caste origin the Indian Witness: was also refused tea at a station, but "Until Meetings" are being held in because of his position finally secured villages of the Bombay area, under the drink. He got his tea, but all the the leadership of Indian men, where people of his caste in the entire dis- the people come together to pray and trict were for a long time boycotted wait "until" they receive the power in the shops. Gandhi does well to em- from on high, of which our Lord spoke phasize the curse of untouchability.- to His disciples. There is neither fad Missionary Herald. nor fanaticism-just a waiting be- fore God and a claiming of His prom- Miss Mayo on India Missionaries ise, the "promise of the Father" anil the pledge of Christ. "ONE of the two active influences which have affected the status Will the Moslems of India Remain of the untouchables (in India) was, LoyaU and is, the reclamation work of the Christian missionaries …… It is now DR. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, author some sixty years since that work be- of a new book, "Across the World gan, and of the five million present- of Islam," is an authority on Mohamday Indian Christians a large majority medanism. In a recent interview he are untouchable in origin. The de- said: "India is the largest and most voted workers (missionaries) have important Moslem country in the plunged into mud waist deep and set world. Nearly seventy millions of its their shoulders to the burden of the vast population constitute a 'minority' slaves. The material result wherever of great power in the world of Islam. the-se people have dug in is cleanliness Indian Moslems exert a world-wide instead of squalor, health instead of influence through their Diaspora and rottenness, courage instead of cring- their press." The reader of Chapters ing, a percentage of literacy high I, II and XVI in Dr. Zwemer's book above that of the Hindu body and, will have the key to the actual situaeducation once received, a frequent tion. Dr. Julius Richter of the Uniwillingness to return to the village versity of Berlin writes: "There is and live for the less fortunate of the hardly anyone, even among the same blood. The fact may as well be Orientalists, with such a compre· faced that the decisive agent in affect- hensive and intimate knowledge of ing this metamorphosis has been the present-day Islam as Dr. Zwemer."

WORTH

Any books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

The Resurrection of Jesus Christ. By Wil- ditions. Religion of course begins liam Bancroft Hill, D.D. 160 pp. $1.25. with the individual; but it cannot end Revell. New York. there. It affects, and it is affected by, the conditions of his environment. Christians who remember St. Paul's Christ is for all life and all relations solemn statement that "if Christ hath of life-individual, family, community, not been raised, your faith is vain, ye national and international. A man are yet in your sins; then they also cannot be a true Christian in his prithat are fallen a81eep in Christ have vate life and a pagan as a neighbor perished," and who are perplexed by and a citizen. the frequent assertions that the doctrine of the resurrection has no his- The author of this handsome volume toric basis, eagerly welcome good is widely recognized as one of the books on this vital theme. The dis- leading exponents of the social applitinguished Professor Emeritus of cation of the Gospel. Called in 1893 Biblical Literature in Vassar College, from a Congregational pastorate in and member of the Board of Foreign Hartford, Connecticut, to the Chair of Missions of the Reformed Church in Social Economics in Chicago Theolog- America, here give·s us such a book. ical Seminary, he soon became an in- It is an able, scholarly, evangelical and fluential factor in the city's life. He reverent study of the basic fact of founded the Chicago Commons Social Christianity. He carefully evaluates Settlement, was its head resident for all the accounts of it in the Gospels over thirty years, and a leader in civic, and all the references to it in the social, industrial, interracial, educa- Epistles, and he concludes that the tional and religious movements amid evidence is impregnable. He believes the teeming multitudes and surging that the churches of today are not growth of that remarkable metropolis. availing themselves of an abundant This book tells the story of his probsource of power when they fail to lems, the struggles and achievements. give the resurrection a large place in It is a human document of rare intertheir faith and preaching. "The est, and a contribution of unique value Christian world is hoping and pray- to the literature of the subject. ing for a new day of Pentecost. Is it prepared to preach with full conviction Nature and Religion. By Charles H. Tynthe message of the first day-Jesus dall. 275 pp. $2. Revell. New York. and the resurrection?" No other book of our acquaintance more helpfully The author is a retired minister who discusses this momentous subject or has been a life-long student of science. more richly repays thoughtful perusal. He has written several scientific books and has lectured at many colleges and Pioneering on Social Frontiers. By Gra- chautauquas. In this volume he has ham Taylor. 457 pp. $4. University assembled many facts which modern of Chicago Press. Chicago. science has disclosed regarding the universe, the earth, the sea, minerals, One of the notable developments of plants and animals. He avoids techmodern Christianity is the activity of nical terms and presents his informathe churches in applying the principles tion in popular style. The material is of the Go.spel of Christ to social con- arranged for use a·s a handbook.

796

BOOKS WORTH READING

The religious bearing of the facts is book is well documented and has its indicated from the viewpoint of an value for those who desire to underevangelical believer, and each chapter stand the inner spirit of Indian Nais followed by questions for review. tionalism. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER. It is a good book to put into the hands of young people. ImmortabiUty, an Old Man's Conclusions. By S. D. McConnell, 178 pp. $1.50. The Passion Play of Oberammergau. By Macmillan. New York. Janet H. M. Swift. 161 pp. $1.75. Revell. New York. An old man of 85 years, sitting quietly in the evening of life, realizing Visitors to Oberammergau this year that the end of earthly existence is were fortunate if they read this book near, and meditating deeply upon the before their arrival, for it gave them mystery of what lies beyond-this is information that they needed to have. the picture that this book suggests. People who did not go have doubtless The traditional arguments for uniheard so much about the Passion Play versal immortality do not satisfy him. in that famous village among the Ba- He thinks that they are post-biblical varian hills that they may well be and were influenced by conceptions of grateful for Mrs. Swift's account of man and the universe that modern it. She has written with full knowl- science has showed to be untenable. edge and fine sympathy. She describes He has "read scores of books on the the place and the people, the history subject and learned from them just of the play, the essentially religious nothing at all." He sees no adequate character of the performance, the de- ground in Scripture, science or reason votional spirit that characterizes it, for the current belief that all the huand the profound spiritual impression man beings that have been in the that it makes upon the beholder,s. It world from primitive savagery till is a book of deep and permanent inter- now are immortal simply by virtue of est. birth, and he presents many argu- ments and cites numerous Scripture India in Bondage, Her Right to Freedom passages in support of immortability and a Place Among the Great Nations. -by which he means immortality, not By Jabez T. Sunderland, M.A., D.D. as an inherent endowment of every 529 pp. $4. Copeland. New York. man but as a prize to be sought and achieved through Jesus Christ, and in This most interesting book, first no other way. He declares that "this published in India, was promptly sup- whole argument was set forth nineteen pressed there by the British Govern- centuries ago" by St. Paul in 1 Cor. ment. The author is an American and 15, and he marvels that "its plain has visited India twice. He gives the meaning has been persistently mis- Indian side of the problems relating read." Believers in conditional imto self-determination. In all of his mortality will find in this book strong conclusions he is violently anti-British, reenforcement. Others, who will not as the titles of some of the chapters concur in his positions, will respect indicate: e. g., British Arrogance and the sincerity of this venerable clergy- India's Humiliation; The Kind of man who has had a long and honored "Justice" Britain Gives India; India's ministry in the Protestant Episcopal Opium Curse; India's Drink Curse; Church and who writes as one who is Crushing Out the Genius of a Gifted soon to "cross over from the life that People; The Truth About the Amrit- now is to another." sar Massacre; The Great Farce- Britain's Claim That India Is Her Gott und die Voelker. By Dr. Martin "Sacred Trust"; The Great Delusion- Schlunk. 3.50 Marks. Furche Publi- Britain's Claim That She Is "Edu- cation House. Berlin. cating India for Self-Rule." These chapter headings indicate what the The author is one of the greatest reader may expect. Nevertheless, the authorities on Missions in present-day

Germany. Having long served the graphically narrates her experiences, cause in an executive capacity, he is the manners and customs of the prim- now Professor of Missions in the Uni- itive tribes, their .superstitions and versity of Tiibingen. He presents the dire spiritual needs, and the efforts Scripture teachings on Foreign Mis- that are being made to give them the sions in a most original way. The Gospel of Christ. Rear Admiral Sir material is divided over a period of H. H. Stileman, of the British Navy, twelve weeks of seven days each, so writes the preface, in which he says that the reader may have a section that "the world's store of missionary before him each day of the week and literature will be richer for this work make his own review on Sundays. The from Miss Stuart-Watt's pen, written main divisions are: God's Will to as it is with an intimate knowledge Send; God's Command; The Carrying of that fascinating and mysterious Out of This Command; The Result. portion of the Dark Continent."

The Scripture passage·s bearing on Indian Islam. By Murray T. Titus. 290 each point are stated first and are ac- pp. $4.50. Oxford University Press. companied by explanatory notes. The New York. author does not state a thesis which he tries to prove, but leaves the reader This is the latest volume in the to draw his own conclusions. It is notable series on the Religious Quest the most successful presentation of the Scripture teaching on Missions. of India which has won a high place in the literature of religious thought. C. T. BENZE. The author is a missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Church who has Mystik oder Versohnung, Dr. Karl Heim written out of an experience of nine- and Kokichi Kurosaki. Furche Publi- teen years in India, during which he cation House. Berlin. has made a profound study of Indian This book consists of two essays, life, philosophy and religions. In this the first by the well-known Tiibingen book his special subject is the history professor, and the other an interpre- of Mohammedanism in India. It tive autobiography of a famous Japa- shows thorough scholarship, clear nese Christian. Both essays are writ- thinking, and Christian spirit. He ten from the standpoint of mysticism. says that he wrote the book as a thesis Prof. Heim ends with the statement for the Kennedy School of Missions at that the secret of the whole matter Hartford, Connecticut, in requirement lies in reconciliation with God; that for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, in the end Foreign Missions means but it is a work of permanent value, not a compromise but war; and that giving a comprehensive and readable the Christian is a debtor both to the account of the history, beliefs and in- Jew and the Greek. Kurosaki reaches fluence of 70,000,000 people whose atthe same conclusion from the course titude must be taken into account by of his own Christian life. The essays anyone who would understand modern are a worth-while contribution to the India.

missionary cause, written from a modern viewpoint. C. T. BENZE. The Faith that Wins. By Roy Talmadge Africa's Dome of Mystery. By Eva Stuart- Brumbaugh. 125 pp. 75c. Bible In- stitute Colportage Assn. Chicago.

Watt, F.R.G.S. 214 pp. $4.50. Mar- This is a small but interesting and shall, Morgan and Scott. London. helpful book by the pastor of the Pres- This i·s a superbly illustrated de- byterian church at Coatesville, Pa. He scriptive history of the Wachagga discusses faith as walking, witnessing, people of Kilimanjaro, their evangeli- adventuring, overcoming, choosing, liv~ zation, and a girl's pioneer climb to ing, conquering, suffering, and he the crater of their 19,000 feet snow closes with a beautiful chapter on shrine. The author, who is a member Christ as "The Author and Perfecter of the Botanical Society of Edinburgh, of Faith."

PERSONALS AND OBITUARY

PERSONALS MRS. KATHARINE M. B. FORD, widow of the Rev. Dr. George A. Ford, died (Concluded from page 721.) July 5, of heart disease in Syria, where she had long been engaged in missionary sence, beginning September first, to meet work. With Dr. Ford, honorable retire- ment was granted her by the Board of the request of the National Christian Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., in 1924, but they con- Council of India for his services as tech- tinued to live 'in the land of their adoption. Dr. Ford died two years ago. nical advisor in the rural social survey DR. ANNA S. *KUG*LER*, first American of the Christian mass movement. The woman medical missionary to India, and survey, which is financed by the Institute founder of the Lutheran hospital at Guntur, died recently at the age of 74. of Social and Religious Research, looks Dr. Kugler was a graduate of the Wom- en's Medical College of Philadelphia, and to an inquiry into the economic, social, has served for 47 years on the mission field. In 1904 she received the Kaiserand occupational status of the new Chris- i-Hind silver medal from the British Viceroy. tians, agricultural people living in small DR. JESSE LYM'"AN* HU*RLBUT, long one villages. MINNIE *V.* * of the best-known Sunday-school workers MISS SANDBERG, foreign in the world, died at Bloomfield, N. J., Aug. 3, at the age of 87. Dr. Hurlbut secretary of the Woman's Foreign Mis- first came into national prominence when he joined with Dr. John H. Vincent, and sion Society (Baptist), sailed from Van- one or two others to found the Chau- tauqua Assembly at Chautauqua, N. Y. couver August 7, for a visit to the mis- Two years ago a movement was started to build a Hurlbut Memorial Community sion fields. Miss Sandberg has served as Church at Chautauqua in honor of the veteran leader. For years Dr. Hurlbut a missionary in Japan, and carries with served as editor of the Sunday-school material of his denomination, and his her not only a practical knowledge of books, which were mainly simple re-tell- ings of biblical narratives for the use of missionary life on the field, but a keen study classes, sold in large quantities. His "Story of the Bible" is said still to insight into missionary problems as they be the most widely circulated children's book in its field in America. relate to the home base. During her ab- THE RIGHT REV*. S*IDN*EY CATLIN PARTsence Miss Helen L. Tufts, assistant for- RIDGE, D.D., Bishop of West Missouri eign secretary will be in charge of the since 1911 and for more than a quarter century a missionary in China and Jaforeign work. pan, died from a heart attack on June 22, in Kansas City, Missouri. * * .. THE REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D.D., *** LL.D., F.R.G.S., internationally known THE REV. DAVID GOURLEY WYLIE, president of the Lord's Day Alliance and as "the modern apostle to the Moslem for more than a half-century a promi- nent Presbyterian leader, died suddenly World," will be inducted into the chair August 26, at the age 73. Dr. Wylie had been presiding at the twenty-first of Christian Missions and the History of annual General Bible Conference, held at Stony Brook, L. 1., of which he was Religion at Princeton Theological Semi- one of the founders.

nary on October 1. Dr. Zwemer spent NEW BOOKS over 30 years in Egypt and Arabia, has The Bible in My Everyday Life. Eugene written a score of books on Mohamme- Franklin Reese. 432 pp. $2.85. Sys- tem Bible Co. Chicago. danism, and is the editor of The Moslem Bhaskar and His Friends. Clara G. La- World and the founder of the American boree. 110 pp. 75c pa~er, $1 cloth. Friendship Press. New York. Christian Literature Society for Mos- A Century Of Anglo-Catholioism. Herbert lems. Leslie Stewart. 404 pp. $4.75. Ox- ford University Press. New York. RABINDRANATH* TA'"GO'R" E expects to ar- rive in the United States for his brief lecture tour during October. His tour will be entirely under the direction of the Service Committee of the Friends.

* THE REV. WILLIAM E. STRONG, D.D., Foreign Secretary of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, Boston, reached the age limit for Board officers September first and became Secretary Emeritus. He has served the Board with marked wisdom and efficiency for 23 years.

*** THE REV. GEORGE DRACH, D.D., rounds out this year twenty-five years of service as Secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions of the United Lutheran Church.

OBITUARY THE REV. JACOB SPEICHER, for thirtysix years a missionary in China for the American Baptist Foreign Mission Society, died July 17, at Swatow, China, of typhoid fever. His widow and children are in Swatow.

Children of the Sea and Sun. Mabel Gar- "Aayl" Glimpses of Rosalie Harley. A. rett Wagner. 122 pp. 75c paper, $1 Donald Miller. 45 pp. 50c. Mission cloth. Friendship Press. New York. to Lepers. London. 1930.

Daily Bible Memory Verses. Gertrude African Horizons. John Cudahy. 159 pp. Wales. 52 pp. 75c. Revell. New $3. Duffield. New York. 1930. York. China's Crucillxion. Putnam Weale. 401 India in Bondage. Jabez T. Sunderland. pp. $2.50. Macmillan. New York. 529 pp. $4. Copeland. New York. 1930.

Pioneering on Social Frontiers. Graham Chapters in Church History. John W. Taylor. 457 pp. $4. University of Wayland. 154 pp. $1.50. Revell. Chicago Press. Chicago. New York. 1930.

The Passion Play of Oberammergau. Janet Death Valley. Bourke Lee. 210 pp. $4. H. M. Swift. 161 pp. $1.75. Revell. Macmillan. New York. 1930. New York. Gott und Die Voelker. Dr. Martin Shlunk. Porto Rican Neighbors. Charles W. St. M3.50. Furche Pub. House. Berlin. John. 98 pp. $1. Friendship Press. New York. ….. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ….

The Star of India. Isabel Brown Rose. Are You Sick? 75c paper, $1 cloth. Friendship Press. New York. Are You Discouraged?

Sugar Is Sweet. Dorothy McConnell. 75c Are You Financially paper, $1 cloth. Friendship Press. Distressed? New York. YOU NEED West Indian Treasures. Winifred Hul- bert. 75c paper, $1 cloth. Friendship GOD and MAN Press. New York.

Africa's Dome of, Mystery. Eva Stuart- Watt. Ill. 214 pp. lOs. 6d. Marshall Mortan & Scott. London. 1930.

Annual Report-Board of Foreign Mis- sions, Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. 316 pp. New York. 1930.

ANNUITY A Devotional Manual for Daily Use AGREEMENTS By BLAIR SCOTT Are being issued in large numbers every year … It reveals to you the spiritual law of God• to former annuitants and new friends because ….under which the Master met and overcame The plan is simple all beliefs of the flesh and particularly those of SUPPLY AND HEALTH. It is easily understood (Pages 22,23.24) It has proven uniformly satisfactory For Bible References, recording God's available It is recognized as being financially sound SPIR'lTUAL SUPPL.Y, UNLIMITED SUPPLY AND CONTINUED SUPPLY. It avoids aU loss during hard times (Pages 121-13d It enables a person to make a gift to mis- For Bible References, bestowing Christ's HEAL- sions and at the same time guarantee ING POWER ON ALL WHO BELIEVE. themselves an income for life. (Pages III~1I3) For further in/ormation write: Whatever your problem-. W. J. ELLIOTT, Treasurer, Board of Home Mis- THIS BOOK sions and Church Extension of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 1701 Arch Street. Philadelphia. Pa.• or By the Grandson of Walter Scott MORRIS W. EHNES, Treasurer. Board of For- Unveils your God.given heritage of Dominion eign Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church. 150 Fifth Avenue. New York. N. Y. Limp, Round Corners, $1.50 ORDER BLANK —-, SEND TO YOUR BOOKSELT ER, or FLEMING H. REVELL COMPANY. 158 Fifth Avenue, New York.

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COMING EVENTS can Board of Foreign Commissioners, died after a long illness May 9. Miss September 16-17 – COMMITTEE OF REF- Kyle was better known to Presbyterians .EKENCE AND COUNSEL, Foreign Mis- for her many years as chairman of the sions Conference of N. A., New committee on Christian literature for York, N. Y. women and children of the Orient, One of the important committees of the Federa- September 29-0ctober I-INTERDENOMI- tion of Women's Boards of Foreign Mis- NATIONAL MISSIONARY INSTITUTE, sions of North America. conducted by the Philadelphia Fed- eration of Churches and the Wom- *** en's Interdenominational Union of Philadelphia and Vicinity, Philadel- DR. CLIFFORD STUBBS, connected with phia, Pa. the Friends Service Council, stationed at Chengtu, Szechuen province, was killed September 30-0ctober 1 – EXECUTIVE while riding in a rickshaw in Chengtu COMMITTEE, Council of Women for on Friday, May 30. Dr. Stubbs arrived Home Missions, New York, N. Y. in China in 1913 from England and has been head of the chemistry department October 7-15-UNITED LUTHERAN of West China Union University. He is CHURCH, Milwaukee, Wis. survived by Mrs. Stubbs and several children. October' 9-GENERAL CONFERENCE, EVAN- GELICAL CHURCH, Milwaukee, Wis. *** October 14-19-INTERNATIONAL CONVEN- MISS HARRIET N. EASTMAN, missionary TION, DISCIPLES OF CHRIST, Wash- in Burma, died in Toungoo, Burma, on ington, D. C. May 6, 1930. Hers is one of the longest records of missionary service in the October 19-23-WORLD CONVENTION, DIS- history of the Society. CIPLES OF CHRIST, Washington, D. C. Miss Eastman was born in Griggsville, November 30-December 5-NoRTH AMER- Ill., February 19, 1839; educated at the ICAN HOME MISSIONS CONGRESS, Western Female Seminary, Oxford, Ohio, Washington, D. C. and graduated in 1859. For eleven years she taught. January 19-22, 1931-CONFERENCE ON THE CAUSE AND CURE OF WAR, As the Foreign Mission Society did Washington, D. C. not then send out single women mission- aries, Miss Eastman's desire for appoint- January 20-21, 1931- COUNCIL OF ment was not at once considered. It was CHURCH BOARDS OF EDUCATION, In- not until 1871, when the Women's So- dianapolis, Ind. cieties were formed, that the call for single women to go out as teachers PERSONALS brought the question to Miss Eastman's prayerful attention once more. Her ap- MISS ESTHER M. McRuER, director of pointment, under the Woman's Baptist religious education in the First Presby- Missionary Society of the West, came in terian church, of Ardmore, Oklahoma, September, 1872. has been appointed Field Secretary of the Presbyterian Board of National Mis- From 1872 to 1890 she was identified sions. Miss McRuer's work will be with the Bgai Karen work at Toungoo, mainly with women's societies, but she Burma. Broken in health, she returned will serve other church organizations as to America in 1890, but after five years occasion demands. at home was able to return to the field. In 1895, under the American Baptist DR. A. L. WA*RN*SHU*IS, Secretary of Missionary Union, Miss Eastman re- turned to do literary work in the land the International Missionary Council, is in which she had already spent so many sailing from Seattle, on August 23, to years of her life. At Toungoo she asstudy conditions in the Far Eastern mis- sisted the Revision Committee in presion field. Starting with conferences in paring for the press the revised Sgaw Japan, especially relating to the King- Karen Bible with references. dom of God Movement, Dr. Warnshuis will visit Korea, Japan, Shanghai, Can- ** ton, the Philippines, and, if conditions permit, other parts of China. MISS CYNTHIA E. WILSON, a Presby- terian missionary in India for forty-one OBITUARY years and known for her translations of the Bible and other books into the Hindu- THE REV. JACOB STUCKI, of Black stani and Punjabi languages, died July River Falls, Wisconsin, died at Los An- 5 at the Pasadena Hospital, where she geles, California, May 10th. Mr. Stucki had been confined since a fall she suswho was a missionary among the Winnebago Indians since 1878, had been se- tained ten months ago. riously ill for some months, and had been taken to Los Angeles by one of his sons Miss Wilson went to India as a mis- sionary in 1876 and remained there until for treatment. * .. .. 1917, when she came to Southern Cali- fornia. Death came at 80 years of age. MISS ALICE M. KYLE, for thirty-two years editorial secretary of the Ameri- Pages Crowded with Vital Christian Messages The BIBLE TO~DAY is a popular and aggressive evangelistic Bible study magazine which has proved to be of incalculable worth to ministers. Bible teachers, missionaries and other Christian workers. Among timely and vital articles to be published in early numbers. are: HOW ANSWER RUSSIA? by Dr. Valentine Hepp, the distinguished Dutch philosopher and professor at the Free University of Amsterdam.

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PLAYTIME AT THE YODOGAWA NEIGHBORHOOD HOUSE IN OSAKA, JAPAN

LUI, No.9 September

THE MISSIONARY Of tae EVANGELIZING RURAL JAPAN BY THE REV. GEORGE P. PIERSON, D.D.

Presbyteriwn Missionary in Japan Jor Forty Year8 T HE citadel of a land is its To win these millions for Christ common people, notably fts is the long, hard, final campaign rural people. Only when this into which the great church citadel is taken is a land really throughout the world and the lit- open. There are at least 40,000,- tle church in Japan are entering.

000 of Japan's 60,000,000 living on Can the Japanese church alone ac- farms or by the sea. Most of them complish the evangelization of this are at least where their fathers generation? Can 300,000 believers were, fearful of local deities, in the evangelize the 68,000,000 unbe- "way of the gods," bound to the lievers now living and dying? Let temples and tombs of the Buddhist us not underestimate the strength way, or, what is more likely, ac- of the Japanese church-a self-re- cepting something of each of these specting, respected body, manag- three religions-native worship, ing and quite able to manage its ancestor worship, Buddhism-and own affairs, providentially grown hardly conscious of the confused into a welcoming church-home for history of their conglomerate faith. those who may be won later by Every rural missionary knows large ingatherings. David Thomp- of millions of people who are prac- son, one of the pioneers of seventy tically unevangelized, and recog- years ago, viewing the high walls nizes that he is set to a task that and the sons of Anak, said within calls for a score of workers. Dr. himself, "If I live to see a hundred Wainright, head of The Christian converts, I shall die happy." He Literature Society of Japan, a lived to see 3,000 times that num- careful writer, would have little ber that could be counted and thou- occasion to revise the following sands more that could not be statement made seven or eight counted, moreover, he saw Chris- years ago: "There are thousands tian schools and asylums accom- of towns of strategic value without panying the church's growth, a a Christian worker and many with- translated Bible, tracts and news- out a Christian witness." It is es- papers incalculably diffusing the timated that there are over 8,800 knowledge of Christ through the unoccupied towns of 2,000 to 8,000 great cities and larger towns.

population and containing over 33,- The next step for the Japanese 000,000 people. church, and particularly for the 645

missions in Japan, is evangeliza- a god. The teaching of the one tion of the rural regions. Mission- Mediator between God and man is confronted by an imitated plan of aries were first founders, then salvation whereby an unhistorical co-presbyters, then relieved offi- Amida through the merit of a great cers, and now finally they face the renunciation saves believers into a responsibility of evangelizing the fictitious heaven. A heart suffiregions beyond, to cover which the ciently confused by shadowy tradiresources of the church are not tions of nature worship, ancestor adequate. worship and Buddhist myth, has scant interest in another religion The rural regions look easy. which he regards as a foreign in- There are railroads to carry you trusion. It is to a heart of this in comfort from the remote re- composite blur that the missionary cesses of the Hokkaido to the ex- would introduce Christ, before tremities of Formosa, protection which he stands appalled counting by the police, deferential treatment the cost, and likely to be more apby the people, unconcerned repose palled until he counts all the cost, in the inns-with nothing between until over against the obscurations you and your neighbor but a paper and substitutes of Satan, he weighs screen, attitudes toward your mes- the realities of Christ, the covesage ranging from the non-hostile nants of God and the promise to the eagerly receptive. Every- through the Spirit who, convincing thing seems welcoming as we set the world of sin and righteousness foot on the portcullis, and have ac- and judgment, regenerates the decess to the citadel-the heart of a generate souls of men. common people-easy, but there we are stopped. The hearts of the Rural regions then, being logicommon people it is true are as of cally the next step, how maya misold, honest, open, teachable, wel- sionary work in a small country coming, but we meet the intercept- town, one of the 8,000 yet unoccuing priest. Jesus met him and Paul pied towns of from 2,000 to 8,000 met him. people, among which towns he may select one of the 350 places where The revelation of a one Creator there are located middle schools for God seems an unnecessarily re- boys and an equal number of simstricted conception to one who has ilar schools for girls and where no been instructed to look back Christian work is being done? through a divinely derived Imperial House of today to a divine an- He works by the silent testicestry of yesterday and still mony of a Christian life thereby further back to a heavenly pan- incontestibly putting the commutheon from which he came, under nity on the defensive. If he is a whose protection he lives and of bachelor it is soon recognized that which tomorrow he himself be- he never visits the euphemistically comes a part. A righteous and lov- designated "restaurants," whereing Heavenly Father has little in upon the world begins to consider common with those gods, many to what new thing "this babbler" has whom a priest can offer prayers to to say, the flesh begins to estimate prosper the building and business the cost of accepting his Gospel, of a new brothel, whose proprietor and the devil begins to stir up op- -after his traffic in the souls of position. If he has a family, while men is done-may himself become

EVANGELIZING RURAL JAPAN

the ladies of the town are inspect- all these sources is formed that ing the furnishings of his house most potential, "the church in thy they are making mental note of house," which for pure soul satis- how the master of the home ad- faction and to the praise of the dresses his wife, how the children Spirit of Jesus has no equal. Only answer their mother, and whether in Christ do men really meet, and Confucian caste or Christian love in a brotherhood tnat is eternal.

rules the home. From such little home churches go The first visitor to arrive, coin- forth Christian merchants, engi- cident with the first load of house- neers, teachers, preachers.

hvld goods, ana on every subse- To reach the 200,000 unevangel- quent arrival of anything else, ex- ized people in his county your cept the familiar postman and young missionary must be endless- tradesman, are the children, the ly touring, distributing in the last household babies on their towns and villages, as he does in backs, tops and toys held in spell- his own town, Bibles and tracts bound abeyance. The children do from house to house, with extra not have to be invited to the first supplies placed in barber shops, session of the Sunday-school which bath houses and hospitals, togeth- is held on trunks and boxes. They er with paid articles on Christian go away with some pretty cards themes in the county newspapers, tucked away in their bosoms and all of which induce invitations, let- some wonderful thoughts tucked ters of inquiry, visits and return away in their souls. Then come visits. Your country missionary twenty middle schoolboys after is rarely out of sight of an uncon- English and five primary school verted man and a man, too, who teachers on the same quest, depart- will listen to what he has to say.

ing after tea and cake with an un- While he may never overstress the written charter-thirty minutes importance of work with the in- of English of all varieties (con- dividual, he will not be blind to the versational-broken, correspond- opportunities lying before him of ence-original, reading-anything gaining access to institutions not from "See the hen run" to Ein- unfriendly to his advances. It stein, essays on such themes as should be remembered that Japan "the Universe and Other Mat- is a land of departments and sub- ters,") to be followed by a half departments, bureaus, classes, hour's instruction in the Japanese guilds, societies and associations.

Bible. Almost everybody is subsumed.

The missionary family is pres- Now while we should deprecate ently discovered by the town in Christianity being made a national general. The wife has much to of- religion by fiat decree, yet it does fer in the way of music, cooking, seem as though in a land where so sewing, English for the girls, and little individualism prevails, it is Bible classes for women. Railroad wise to seek admission to a given men, post-office officials, bank class through the doorway of the clerks, business men begin to call chief's own opening. We do not on the master. Soon a litte com- ask the patronage of any depart- pany is meeting Sunday evenings ment; we ask admission only, ul- to sing hymns and listen to an in- timately the work must be with formal Bible talk. Presently from individuals.

There are certain unique Dppor- 000 of them it is estimated, and tunities that may be properly 10,000 Young Women's Associa- called modern. 'l'he country mis- tions. Everything is discussed, but sionary may gain admission to the a knowledge of the Way of Life is primary SChDOls. His coming is a painfully lacking. Win one of these spectacular event. On the rostrum associatiDns and you have captured in the assembly room he may say a strDnghold.

a great deal Df what he wishes to The railroad authorities during say without abusing the privilege certain weeks of the year permit granted him by the principal. He missionaries and Japanese evan- may speak still more freely in the gelists to address the station em- teachers' room, even selling Bibles ployees and the men in the shops.

there. A Bible class for teachers The railroad officials make out 'conducted in Dne Df the rooms is your itinerary, furnish you with not an uncommon thing. A happy an official as courier, provide you sign of the times is the changed with a second-class pass, arrange attitude of the Educational De- with the station master to, prepare partment towards religion, frankly the waiting room with table and recognizing the necessity Df reli- chairs, and assemble the men con- gion in an educational system and nected with the station-in many recommending its presentation. cases their wives as well. You are What the missionary would hesi- expected to speak on morality, but tate to do in the classrooms, he in giving the reHgious sanctions may do outside the school gates. for morality one has to introduce Here is the way one missionary a statement of the Way of Life.

does it. Riding out in his Ford he Most hospitals are open to visi- meets the children just as they are tation. Dormitories for factory emerging from the school gate. He workers will arrange for special is playing "Jesus Loves Me" on the meetings. Work for prisoners must little pDrtable organ, part of the be done with individual'prisoners, car's outfit. Of course the children except in rare instances where one soon throng the spot and they are may address the whole body.

taught very simply, perhaps with What worries a country mission- a "surplus material" picture roll, ary is not the lack Df opportunities why and how Jesus loves them; but in a multitude of opportunities and that they may not forget it which to choose; the danger is that all, a very short catechism on a he may become either used to the single sheet of paper is given them. sight to the point of hardening, or When they get home it is not long discouraged at the magnitude Df before they have told the old peo- his task. Every country mission- ple all about it, too. So a regular ary knows of hundreds of thDU- Sabbath-school has been held with sands of unevangelized people no expense for rent, janitor, light whom, humanly speaking, he can and heating and the Httle old Ford never hope to reach. Sometimes rushes off to intercept the next he finds himself under the juniper group. Seventy-nine out of eighty tree asking himself "Why is it that of the children of Japan go to believers are not more zealous in school. leading their people to Christ? Is In every village and town there it that they do not know the Scrip- is a Young Men's Association, 15,- tures or that they do not realize

the peril of the unsaved? But," he 5. The call of the rural regions is answers himself, "the Japanese for missionaries who will inexpen- Christian faces a far more difficult sively take up their abode in the task in the endeavor to lead their country towns with the fixed purpose relatives or friends than do we; of living there and of planting and for besides what we have to con- training as well as radiating theretend against in the world, the flesh from in the regions beyond. Chrisand the devil, they meet in every tians made by the "Million Souls department of life cruel, fearful, M'ovement," or similar movements, disdainful, unbending custom. need ntonths and years of love, teach- Twenty-five centuries of pyramidal ing, guidance and personal standingmoves are looking down on them- by-nes,s. and the look is forbidding: twenty centuries of Christian ancestry are S. The call is also for women mislooking down on us-and the look sionaries to conduct informal horne is solicitous." schools in rural districts. Provide a budget of $2,000, a faculty of two Our theses then are these: Japanese women teachers, a cur- riculum of three grammar-school 1. The Church Universal of this years, an enrolment of thirty pupils, generation is responsible for the evan- a practical course – mostly domestic gelization of the unsaved of this gen- science suited to the sphere of their eration. future environment, and, that their spirits may soar, all the music they 2. The Church in Japan with its can compass with all the literature 300,000 believers, Roman Catholic and they can absorb; finally and su- Protestant, cannot, it would seem, premely a thorough acquaintance with evangelize the 60,000,000 of this gen- the Bible, that their souls may liveeration. provide these things and one woman missionary with two earnest teachers 3. The Church Universal, accord- could do it all with an initial outlay ingly, is responsible for that large of $4,000. number of the 60,000,000 that the Japanese Church cannot reach. 7. Mission work in Japan will be done when the Japanese Church has 4. By far the greater portion of fully evangelized the remotest mounthese 60,000,000 live in the rural tain hamlet and the loneliest fishing regions. village.

MEDITATION AT THE CLOSE OF DAY The sun sinks in the West. The fields are brilliant with the autumn colors and Mt. Higashi stands calmly enshrouded in the evening mist. Sparrows in the garden noisily raise their voices in praise and thankfulness to God for His goodness.

On this very peaceful evening I pause to reflect upon the blessings of the day-fine weather, a letter from a friend in a distant land, daily bread, and a life fuU of peace. For all these blessings I lift my heart in gratitude to our blessed Lord. This day upon my bed of sickness I count my many blessings.

But my joy is mixed with sorrow for I remember my sins, my estrangement from God, my weakness, and my deficient love towards my heavenly Father. We are always troubled by regret, sorrow and irritation; but our Lord shows us the Cross and gives us peace of mind and eternal life. Our Lord is always with us and He will give us peaceful rest and guide our steps into tomorrow.-Krwekichi Kato.

A translation of a Japanese poem written by a communicant of the Protestant Episcopal Church in Yamagata, who has been bedridden -for two years. -The Spirit of MiBsiOnB.

KINGDOM OF GOD CAMPAIGN

JAPAN BY THE REV. WILLIAM AXLING, D.D.

Honorary Secretary 01 the National Christian 001Jnoil of Japan T HE idea of a campaign with scope, push the number up to a a goal of a million souls was million. born in the brain and heart of Toyohiko Kagawa, eminent Undaunted, Mr. Kagawa went writer, social worker and Chris- forward with his plans. Unceastian mystic. Like Paul of old, the ingly he kept the idea before the Lord appeared to him in the night minds of his friends and followers. watches and gave him a vision of Increasingly he moved individuals a nation-moving evangelistic cru- al:d grOUPS to catch the vision and sade. With Kagawa a vision is a back it with creative faith and paschallenge; a dream is a call to ac- sionate prayer. tion. This idea thus flamed forth The Idea Gives Birth to a Movement into a passion, stirred his soul with Backed by Kagawa's passion a sense of mission, and moved him and personality and the work of to announce his intention of the Spirit of God, this idea has launching a movement which been gripping the hearts and firwould systematically work its way ing the imagination of an increas- into every section of the empire, ing number of people until it has reach out into every class and assumed the proportions of a movegroup, and carryon until the ment. Christian constituency in this land The two conferences which were shall number one million strong. held when Dr. John R. Mott visited To Mr. Kagawa the numeral one Japan, in May, 1929, faced the million in this connection is not a question of the next step to be flight of fancy or a campaign call. taken in the evangelization of the As the result of a careful study of empire. Without any exchange of the Huguenot movement, he views .or comparing of notes, these reached the conclusion that until conferences voted to ask the Na- Christianity in Japan has a million tiona! Christian Council to carry followers it cannot fashion the na- forward a nationwide evangelistic tion's moral, social, industrial and campaign "based on Mr. Kagawa's political ideals and life in the plan." One hundred representative Christian mould. Christian leaders attended these Like every great idea, this one conferences. This action· was, staggered men of lesser mould. therefore, a direct mandate from a Few had faith to believe that Jap- large section of the thoughtful, reanese Christianity, which after sponsible spokesmen of the Japa- seventy years of heroic endeavor nese churches.

only numbers some 300,000 folIow- At the May meeting of the Execers, including the Greek and Ro- utive Committee of the National man Catholic communions, could, Christian Council, this recommenthrough one campaign, no matter dation of the Kamakura and Nara how continuous or far-reaching its Conferences was considered, unani- 650 mously approved, and the Council's Christian Council. More than 150 Commission on Evangelism was delegates were in attendance, repasked to formulate poliCies and a resenting every part of the empire working program. The Council, at and every phase of Christian enits Annual Meeting in November, deavor. A spirit of unity and high voted to sponsor this campaign and determination and buoyant expecrender every possible help to make tancy characterized this gathering. it an All-Christian Movement. Here the plans for the campaign were matured and such matters as The Movement Takes Shape organization, strategy and objec- tives definitely determined. June 7, 1929, may in the coming years stand out as a milestone in Six months have thus been dethe history of the Christian con- voted to preparation. The camquest of Japan. On that day the paign began January 1, 1930, by members of the Commission on the holding of initial mass meet- Evangelism of the Christian Coun- ings in Japan's six largest cities, cil and representatives of the Ka- Tokyo, Osaka, Kyoto, Kobe, Yokogawa Co-Operators in Japan, met hama and Nagoya. in joint session, and after prayer and careful consideration voted to Mobilizing the Christian Forces set up a Central Committee for the purpose of taking over this "Mil- The idea has flowered into a lion Souls Movement" and aggres- movement, but the rank and file sively carrying it forward. both of the pastors and of the church members must still be mo- The personnel of this Central bilized. The prayer-power and Committee numbers thirty and is soul-power of the church must be representative of the whole Chris- so concentrated on this campaign tian Movement. Kagawa is still that the tides of the Spirit may be the throbbing heart of the move- released and God be given a chance ment, the spiritual genius and dy- to break out anew upon the life of namic personality around which this nation. The Central Committhe Campaign will be centered; tee has issued a manifesto chalbut it has expanded from a Kaga- lenging the Christians of the wa campaign to one embracing the nation in such words as these: organized Christian forces of the nation. Japan the land of the gods, God's country! This is our prayer, our Although the objective of ~ mil- slogan and our goal. Our Japan is in lion souls was retained, the name distress. Our Japan has lost her way. was changed to "The Kingdom of Man's distress, however, is God's op- God Campaign." This was done portunity. Man's perplexity is God's with Kagawa's complete approval challenge. in order to put the emphasis not on numbers but on the genuineness Distressed Japan is a humble Japan. of those who are won. It was felt Perplexed Japan is a changeable necessary not only to have a quan- Japan. Self-satisfaction and pride tative but a qualitative goal. are swiftly disappearing. The sound of the breaking away of the husks of In November a National Confer- the nation's thinking and of its life ence on Evangelism was held in echoes gloomily far and near. Tokyo in connection with the Annual Meeting of The National The birth-pangs of a new Japan! The violent birth-quickening of the Kingdom of -God is on. The time is

at hand. The Kingdom 'of God is Mr. Kagawa's Plan near. The time has come for repent- Mr. Kagawa is a modern mystic. ance and for consecration to the task He keeps his feet on the ground of spreading the Gospel. but his head and his heart lay hold on the unseen. He believes in The thought life, life as a whole, prayer. His plan calls for the orpolitics, education, industry, every- ganizationof a network of prayer thing in Japan must be brought und'er clear across the empire, with early God's direct control. Through Christ- morning prayer-meetings in every like Japanese a Christ-like Japan church, monthly union prayermust be brought to the birth. To meetings in every city and center, transform this vision into reality we must increase the present 300,000 Chri·stians to a round million. and an annual nation-wide confer- We believe that one million Chris- ence for prayer and for the train- tians will make possible the Christian- ing of lay workers in evangelism.

ization of Japan's public ,opinion and He stresses district evangelism, conscience and realize through the Church a really Christianized Japan. personal evangelism, evangelism Every Christian a soul-winner, win- through literature, lay evangelism ning one soul a year and thus in three and evangelism thr.ough service. years quadrupling the number of Christians – this is the program of He urges special "missions" to the Million Souls Campaign. the rural people, the fishing folk, the miners and laboring classes. We have a reason for thanksgiving and a source for courage in the fact He emphasizes the mass producthat there are workers with special tion of leaflets, pamphlets, cheap- priced good Christian books, and a gifts whom God has raised up among large utilization of the daily press.

the various denominations. Among He challenges every Christian to them are figures so outstanding that convert his home into a meeting when the people hear their names they place for a church. He appeals to are immediately reminded of Chris- every follower of Christ to become tianity.These stand as our repre- a teacher of children and the sentatives before the unsaved masses. young, and to organize a neighbor- They are the connecting links between hood Sunday-school in his or her us and the people. own home.

Mr. Toyohiko Kagawa has already He would have the churches in offered his full time and his utmost every city and town unite in holdefforts for this Movement. This has ing short term, three months, G,osbeen a tremendous encouragement to pel Schools for the intensive our Committee. We propose to en- list other outstanding workers and training of Christians and lay pitch a cooperative decisive evan- leaders. He wants the churches to gelistic battle which shall be nation- enlist, train and release, at once wide in its reach. 5,000 lay preachers for this nation- Nineteen hundred and thirty, the year in which it is proposed to begin wide evangelistic crusade. this campaign, commemorates the Evangelism through service twentieth century period since Christ began his public ministry. We believe calls for the revival of the broththat it is most fitting for us Chris- erhood movement within the tians to follow in the footsteps of our church, the organization of coop- Lord, and for three years give our- eratives, the founding of educaselves as He did for a similar period tional guilds and mutual aid societies and "missions" to every to aggressive evangelism. existing group and occupation.

MOST DIFFICULT FIELD IN

BY DELAVAN L. PIERSON TRAVEL LETTER No. 6 W HICH is the most difficult and the son of a mIssiOnary in mission field in the world? North Africa, said to me that he In almost every country we had almost lost hope of winning have visited some workers have Moslems to Christ, for the students confided to us that theirs is "the who had professed conversion had most difficult field" in which to sow proved weak and unsatisfactory.

with expectation of a fruitful har- The most he hoped for was a grad- vest. And in each case their con- ual breaking down of prejudice tention seemed to be true. and an acceptance of Christian All fields show, in spots or in gen- ideals through education. Was the eral, characteristics of the soil in faith of Raymond Lull, of Bishop the parable-hard and unreceptive, French and Keith Falconer mis- shallow and unproductive, preoc- placed?

cupied and stifling, or good and Anyone who has worked in or fruitful. In all fields, at home and even visited Moslem lands will abroad, we find the same obstacles readily acknowledge the almost im- to the Gospel-sin and selfishness, possible task they present. Egypt extreme poverty or wealth, great has many Protestant Christians ignorance and prejudice, false re- won from the Copts, but few from Iigion, irreligion and anti-religion. the Moslems. They are Sunnis, But each land we have visited has and therefore self satisfied and un- also its peculiar difficulties. receptive. Mesopotamia and Ara- Passing by Roman Catholic and bia are full of Shias and Wohobis Greek Catholic countries, like Italy who are fanatical and antagonistic.

and Greece, with their historic but The work at Baghdad would dis- often devitalized Christianity; and courage any but valiant soldiers of Jewish fields, like Palestine, with the cross. When Mr. and Mrs. AI- their historic opposition to Christ bert Edwards sought to establish a and His Gospel, look at some of the mission in Hillah, near ancient great non-Christian fields of Asia Babylon, fanatical Moslems re- as we have seen them. fused to rent a house, to deliver Take Moslem Lands. Where can water or milk, and even thought we find soil more hard and unre- it pollution to allow the Christian ceptive? The fields where Islam to drink from their cups in a cof- flourishes seem to present an al- fee shop.

most impossible task to the Chris- In India, Moslems are warlike tian missionary. The measure of and proud of their religion and truth in their own religion, the have become complacent in their fourteen hundred years of school- so called liberalism. The president ing in Moslem traditions and in of the All India Moslem League prejudiced views of Christianity, said to me, in answer to a question have made the followers of Mo- on the work of Christian missions: hammed almost stone deaf to the "Educational mIssIonaries have claims of Christ. A mISsiOnary, done much for India. If only they 653

would give up teaching that Christ schools with outcastes, and the is the Son of God, that Jesus dle,d proximity of a Christian from the for our sins on the cross, and that "sweepers" will defile food and He rose again from the dead, then make it unsalable. Even more dewe could accept their Christian- pressing is the fact that in South ity." If they would leave out the India caste Christians have re- Gospel, Moslems would accept the fused to worship with those won ethics! Yes, Islam seems to pre- from among the outcastes. In one sent the most difficult field in the case they even burned the homes of "sweeper" Christians because world. But what about the Hindus; are the mission had decided to allow both classes to use the same church they more approachable? Here building at different hours. Truly are a people whose religious teach- India of the Hindus seems the most ers are looked upon as among the difficult field in the world! world's greatest philosophers. Here a polygamous religious sys- But look at Buddhist lands. Tibtem is entrenched and holds two et is still entirely closed to the hundred and fifty million adher- Gospel. In Burma and Siam progents under its spell. India is a land ress is made among animists in of temples,' of pilgrimages, of re- proportion as they are weak in ligious festivals, of priests, fakirs Buddhist faith. The Buddhist temand gurus. One cannot visit a ples abound and many are crowded temple, like that at Madura, and with worshipers. Little progress is see the people bow down to hideous, made among Burmese or Ceylonese big-bellied idols, bathe in filthy wa- Buddhists. Mildness of disposition, ter, and worship fleshly priests, peaceableness and belief that an without a conviction that they are exhibition of temper is sinful, are joined with contentment with blind but devout. things as they are. Their philos- But an even greater obstacle ophy as to Nirvana and belief in transmigration of the soul have among the Hindus is the caste system-the antithesis of brotherhood cut the nerve of progress. Their and the deadly foe to progress. For religion is one of death, not life. over a thousand years this system Surely Buddhism offers a difficult has become more and more in- field with shallow, unproductive trenched and holds in its grip all soil for the good Seed. classes in India. Those from the high castes are not ready to accept B1tt what about China? There a Gospel that puts the "pariah dog" was a time when the Chinese on a level with the Brahmin; and seemed to present an almost unoutcastes who wish to accept the penetrable wall. After one hun- Gospel are suspected of seeking dred years of prevailing and sacrificial living on the part of mis- "the loaves and fishes" and are de- sionaries, the Boxer Uprising prived even of their scanty means sought to kill or to drive every of living if they incur the enmity Christian out of China. Then there of their "superiors." In India we seemed to come a period of hopeful sometimes hear that caste is break- receptivity and progress; but toing down, but even in some Chris- day China is torn by revolution. tian colleges students of different Bandits prevail in all parts of the castes refuse to eat together; caste country; the people are discourpupils often refuse to attend public

THE MOST DIFFICULT FIELD IN ASIA

aged and desperate; the anti- lage life of India, making it almost Christian movement among stu- impossible for those who break its dents and some of the officials is rules and rise to higher things. seeking to drive out Christianity and all religion from the schools Buddhism presents the barrier and to put China in the class with of a philosophy that produces a Russia as irreligious and antic false sense of security and a false hope of peace in Nirvana. In Christian. China, on the other hand, the pres- All of the mission schools and ent great obstacle is political. With China at peace and in the hands colleges are facing a crisis. They of a sane government, we would do not know when they may be look for a great forward moveclosed or taken over by anti-Chris- ment in the Church. tian forces. In the Chantung Christian University (Cheloo Uni- This is a dark picture, but, thank versity) at Tsinan, the students of God, it is only one side of the the College of Arts and Sciences tapestry! On the other we see the recently went on strike to secure working out of the face of Jesus the resignation of the dean. They Christ and the program of the tore down faculty notices, put up Kingdom of God. Islam does not blasphemous, anti-Christian pos- present an unbroken front. In the ters saying that Jesus was an ille- Dutch East Indies, 45,000 former gitimate son and charging that Moslems have accepted Christ. In women students, who refused to Persia, hundreds of Moslems are join the strike, were "prostitutes welcoming the Gospel and at one of foreigners." They caused a communion seventy-seven were strike among the university em- baptized. Dr. Robert P. Wilder, ployees, and boasted that they in a recent visit to Persia, found could cause the resignation of any a wide-open door and wide-open undesired professor. Their strike hearts in spite of opposition and was instigated and promoted by persecution. In Hillah, that center the local Nationalist party. The of ignorant fanaticism, love is Commissioner of Education for the winning a hearing and inquirers Province was bitterly anti-Chris- now come asking for instruction tian. The College of Arts and Sci- in the Bible and the Christian Way ences has been closed since Janu- of Life. ary, and the local government threatens to preverit its opening in India is a hard field, but already September. China is indeed a most four million Indians have become difficult field today. But which is Christians. There are many signs the most discouraging? that caste is breaking down, espe- cially in cities. Manatma Gandhi, In Moslem lands the chief ob- Rabindrinath Tagore, and many stacle seems to be religious-the bitter antagonism to the claims other recognized Indian leaders are that Jesus is the Son of God, the bitterly opposed to it and declare Saviour of men, and that He and the Bible are superior in authority that caste must go. Hinduism, to Mohammed and the Koran. especially in its grosser forms, is also doomed. Already anti-priest Among Hindus the greatest of societies have been formed, and an many obstacles is social-the death "Indian Self-Respect Association" grip of the caste system in the vil- is battling against the dedication of girls to temple service and other

degrading features of Indian life It is less so than ever. We saw and worship. The students are many missionaries with almost no being educated out of ignorant equipment, like the Apostle Paul, prejudice and many would become who nevertheless could point to Christians except for family op- large spiritual harvests. On the position and the fear of social other hand, there are large mis- sionary institutions, with almost ostracism. perfect facilities for their work, In Buddhist lands, too, there are that can point to no souls led to Christ and few trained for Chrissigns of a developing pattern after tian ministry. the likeness of Christ. The witness to the Gospel in Ceylon, It is unnecessary to add that Burma and Siam is producing re- missionary fruitage is not dependsults, and the Koreans and the ent on money. Many missionaries Lao, who are receiving the Light, and many branches of the work are becoming effective witnesses to are suffering because of inadequate their fellow countrymen. support, but their hope is not in a larger financial income. In China, the darkest spots are the large cities near the fields of The only hope for missionary conflict. In, many country districts success today – as it has always and in western provinces, like been since Pentecost-is threefold. Szchuan and Shensi, the people are friendly and the Chinese Church is 1. In the power, the purpose carrying on with faithfulness and and the promises of God. He canpower. More copies of the Scrip- not fail. Christ will be victorious. tures were sold in China, India and in Siam last year than in any pre- 2. In the truth and vitality of vious year. The China for Christ the Word of God. In all these lands Movement is enlisting the churches those who are most successful toin a united evangelistic campaign. day in spiritual fruitage are those who believe and teach the Bible as A visit to the mission fields of the Word of God and with au- Asia creates a keener sympathy thority for faith and life. with the missionary in his difficult task, but it also stirs the heart with 3. In the Holy Spirit of God as higher hopes and greater con- the Witness that makes the mesfidence in the ultimate victory of sages take hold of men's hearts Christ and His Gospel. But our with power. Without this witness' hope is less than ever in the num- of the Paraclete, the witness of men is fruitless. "By my Spirit, ber of missionaries on the field. saith the Lord." Some might better return home, If these things are true, and for they show no evidence of en- their truth is being proved every thusiasm for the conversion of day in mission lands, then we at men to Christ. But the vast ma- home and our partners at the front jority of missionaries put us at must realize more completely our home to shame by their faith, their absolute dependence on God for courage and their sacrificial devo- our call, our equipment, our courtion. It is "not by (physical) age, our daily supply, our power, might" nor an army "that we will and for the results. We need to win the victory." study the Bible more that our mes- sage may be true and that our Neither is our confidence in large institutions and fine equipment.

SOME EVENTS ON THE JAPANESE ROAD

methods may be Christlike. We spirit of sacrifice to do His bidneed to spend more time in prayer ding. When the Hebrew spies rein order to keep in tune with God turned to report on the Promised and to realize our partnership with Land and the outlook for its con- Him. quest, ten of them said: "There are giants i"n the land, and in their The missionary task is so great sight and in our own, we were as and the difficulties are so tremen- grasshoppers." Caleb and Joshua dous that they are insurmountable said: "There are giants in the through human wisdom and might. land, but God is with us, and in His But the difficulties – religious, so- sight they are as grasshoppers." cial, philosophical, political- are These two spies shared in the conas nothing in the sight of God-if quest of the land. His servants have faith and the SOME EVENTS ON THE JAPANESE ROAD BY THE REV. A. P. HASSELL Missionary 0/ the Southern Presbyterian Ohurch:- Tokushima, Japan ONE of the most remarkable est village where we employed a things that come to one's no- boatman to take us across an inlet tice on the mission field is of the Pacific, about a mile wide. the fact that God is picking out in- This brought us to a farming setdividuals here and there and sav- tlement of only five houses. In ing them. And some of these in- one of these we found our man, dividuals are about the last ones Tomiji Tanabashi, twenty-three that you would ever expect to be years old. There were two single "picked out." beds in the room, one occupied by Tomiji San and the other by his In January I baptized a man younger brother, both men with who was thought to be on his death- the same illness. bed. He lived in one of the remote and inaccessible localities of this A few days prior to our visit a prefecture. A Japanese pastor and letter had come to me from the I drove for two hours, part of the Rev. Daniel Buchanan, of the way over a precipitous mountain Northern Presbyterian Mission, in road. When I asked for special a distant prefecture. He has a police permission to do so, .the lending library which he adverofficer dropped his head to one side tises in the big daily pap e r s. doubtfully. Then there was a Tomiji had read three of his books and had asked for baptism. He moment's conference with the was like the Ethiopian Eunuch, "chief." It had never been done who said: "How can I understand before, but if I wanted to try it except some man should guide and would be careful I might "go me?" There was a list of questo it." tions about things that he had run across in his reading and which We got along first-rate till we he didn't understand. "What is came to a large pine tree right in the meaning of 'baptism'; the 'resthe middle of the road. There we urrection'; 'Hallelujah'; 'Amen'? sidetracked the car, shouldered our baggage, and walked to the near- 2

What happens when we die"; and tian books had come from this disa lot more-most of them remark- tant friend, at a moment when ably thoughtful questions. Tomiji was in the depths of dark- ness and despondency, and he We instructed him in the essen- reckons his salvation back to that tials of salvation as long as we felt event. his strength would permit and then administered the Sacraments of We spent the night at Tomiji's Baptism and the Lord's Supper house, which shelters four generaafter which he lifted his feeble tions ranging in age from the onevoice and hands in a devout prayer year-old baby of Tomiji's older of thanksgiving to God for so brother to the eighty-two-year-old wondrously saving him. great-grandmother of the baby. We found the household most This young man had left his hospitable. They arranged a meet- ing for us at night at a neighbor's WHO WILL TELL, THESE BOYS OF house, where we preached the first JESUS? Christian sermon that the com- munity had ever listened to. When home some years ago for Tokyo, we arose the next morning, Towhere he had been engaged in the miji's little twelve-year-old niece liquor business. He had never was in the kitchen reading one of attended a church but once in his our tracts to her great-grandlife, and that occasion apparently mother who was cooking breakfast. left no permanent impression. Strangely enough a friend in the We went to school with our chilsame business at a distant place dren-friends of the previous night, was attacked at about the same and to our great surprise found time as he by the same disease, and that the principal was a former he also had been confined to his friend of mine. He suspended bed for months, during which the classes and in my honor conducted two had been corresponding. The the entire school to the famous suggestion about securing Chris- lighthouse near by. After return- ing to the school, i: spent a happy hour teaching and singing with the children, who were hearing the Gospel for the first time in their lives. Since then a score or more of them have written thanking me and asking for literature.

Children are being born and passing through the primary school -the most important period of their lives – faster than we mis- sionaries can possibly get around to them. The crying need is for more consecrated missionaries who are not afraid of work. I wonder if God is not calling to some of the boys and girls who read this letter to help us to get the Gospel to the boys and girls of Japan!

Alone

The religion of love as taught by Jesus has no philosophical theory of knowledge. It is love put into practice.

Christianity, however, has been weak in the practice of love; and the God of Christianity has, therefore, come to be thought of merely as a symbol-not imparted to man as the God of power and of love. In the society of today true philosophy, true religion, true science, do not yet exist. Men's consciences are benumbed. True religion, philosophy, and science will appear at the moment when love is put into practice. The religion, the science, and the philosophy of the past have been the creations of men of disunited selves,-men marred by defects and incapable of clearly visioning God.

If we would see God, we must first love. When we make a beginning in the life of conscience, we forthwith experience within us the revelation of God. Jesus it was who showed us the first step toward recognition through love. When with this resolve we go forward, we too are enabled to love offenders and folk who are in distress. This is the power which Jesus gives us.

The man who declares that he does not know God, has failed because he does not love. Divesting oneself of conscience and love, declaring that one does not know God, is like covering the eyes and saying that one cannot see.

True recognition of God, of God today, must begin within the conscience. Professor Nashida says, "True life must be discovered in Jesus who as a young man died on the cross." Jesus, too, taught that God forgives even criminals. Love alone recognizes. Just because Jesus lived the life of love, he reached this conclusion.

The reason why we do not as yet truly perceive the nature of God is, after all, simply the sluggishness of our life of concience. In order to know God we must rouse our life of conscience up to far greater activity. He alone who loves is able to see God. For God is Love.

"Love the Law of Life."-Toyohiko Kagawa.

659

CHANGES IN WESTERN

BY THE REV. R. S. ROSEBERRY Oha4.-man oj the French West A/rica Mis8ion of the OhM8Han ami Mi8B/onary Alliance M ARVELOUS changes are sway over a vast territory with taking place in hitherto his capital at Segou. Timbuctu neglected lands. Modern and the buckle of the Niger were commerce crosses mountains, held by the Tourag race. This wild, bridges rivers and opens up inac- ruthless, desert tribe ruled with an cessible wilderness. Great changes iron hand and were finally subdued have come over the lives of people by the French troops under Colonel that have been in seclusion for Bonnier Joffre at Timbuctu in the centuries. This is an age of rapid year 1894. Since that time the change in every sphere. country has been comparatively The Western Sudan is a land safe for commerce and also for mis- which, until recently, was very lit- sions. tle known,' a range of mountains In order to tap the Niger valley, separating the costal plain from the French opened two railways the upper Niger valley and plateau. to the river: one from Dakar to Mungo Park was the first white Bamako, which was completed in man to cross this great divide in 1923 or 1924; the other from the year 1795 and viewed the Niger Conakry to Kankan, completed in River. Others soon followed. 1914. Since then much labor has Major Laing lost his life on the been expended on roads to make outskirts of Timbuctu and Rene them suitable for motor transport. CaiIIe, the Frenchman, was the Bridges have been built and fer- first white man to enter Timbuctu ries, maintained by the governand live to tell the story. He ac- ment, have been placed on the complished his purpose by disguis- smaller rivers. Today one may ing himself as a Mohammedan and travel for thousands of miles and telling the people that he was an reach every place of importance by escaped slave returning to Egypt. motor car. Great cotton planta- He spent fourteen days in Tim- tions, requiring thousands of work- buctu and then crossed the desert men every year, have been opened to Morocco. along the Niger River and are ir- It was not until 1883 that the rigated by immense pumping French were able to occupy an out- plants. The good roads have made post on the Niger River at Bam- it possible for trading companies ako. Here they built a fort and to open up new sections. Twenty- were able to maintain communica- five companies entered one town tions with the coast. The upper in the Upper Volta last year, the Niger valley was overrun by Sam- heart of the native town being torn ory, the great Mohammedan Chief, down to make room for the com- who was overcome and captured mercial buildings. in the year 1898. A vast region The French school system is dohad been devastated by this ruth- ing much to change the life of the less conqueror. On the north an- country. Schools have been opened other Chief, Amadou Sekou, held in the large centers and enroll a 660 large number of pupils every year. of Africa is being molded. What Tribes that have been backward that future shall be depends upon are steadily being awakened by the the Church of Christ. If they recall for education. Vocational ceive the Word of Life and are led schools are training a large num- to depend upon the Lord and His ber every year for mechanics, ma- guidance and power, then the sons, etc. Clinics are maintained church in the Sudan will become a in nearly all the large towns, and vital force in the evangelization of free treatment is given to thou- the many tribes. The missionary sands of patients every year. seeks to uplift Christ and not to Maternity nurses are located in spread a certain creed. One of the some of the centers to give the finest native Christians in the Suneeded help in the homes. dan said, "As I toiled in a forced labor gang I could toil and suffer Unfortunately as the traditional for I had a hope within, but the life of the native is broken up others had nothing to lighten their many are drifting into atheism and hearts and give them hope." free-thinking. The access to French literature will sooner or A nucleus of Christians has been later turn the Mohammedan away won from a number of tribes in from his religion. The pagan from these centers. Coming from the the bush is ashamed of the religion forest country, dressed in rags or of his fathers and is looking for with scarcely any clothing, they besomething to take its place. Now gin at once to take on the ways of is the hour for the evangelization civilization, and soon appear atof these tribes. They are ready tired in full dress and walk up and for the message of hope that will down the streets with a cane. But, give them the larger life. The new roads are, in the providence of God, alas, their hearts are not satisfied. the prepared highway for the Many come to the Christian Gospel messenger to prepare the chapels, hear the message of salvaway for Christ. tion and yield to Christ. At one station men from the Gberesi, the During the last five years pioneer Kissi, the Fula, the Soussou, the mission work has been opened in Senefou, the Bambara and the many great centers of the Western Tomi tribes have accepted Christ. Sudan to give the Gospel to the dif- This is true of the other centers as ferent tribes. The French govern- well. The Lord is calling out from ment does not favor school work all the tongues and languages of by individuals or missions since earth a people for His Name. they have established excellent schools. Mohammedanism has ut- A blind Bobo from the East terly failed to meet the people's walked all the way to Bamako, a need or to lift them from the depths distance of 330 miles, to seek work of sin. The tribes that embrace in that city. Something seemed to Mohammedism often live in as low tell him that he should wait, that a state as when in paganism. Civi- the message would come which lization apart from Christianity would satisfy his heart. One day, also fails to elevate them morally. passing the market place, he heard What they need is Christ's message a strange message proclaimed. It was the message of the Saviour of of redemption. men and told of His return to In these great centers the future earth. This was the message for

which the blind man had waited word to send 400 boys to the school so long. He decided to go home at that was opened at this post. The once so that he would be there wily chief sent back word that he when the Lord came. At last he was willing to send the children arrived home and four days later but that they would not obey him.

a messenger of Christ arrived and If the white man wanted them, proclaimed the message which the they should come and get the chil- blind man recognized at once as dren. While outwardly sUbmitting the same he had heard in Bamako. to the government, in their hearts He became the first Bobo convert they are as untamed as ever. Win and began to help the missionaries these men's friendship and they in the study of the difficult Bobo will hear the Message.

language. At first the people were In Timbuctu a good grammar not friendly but were supicious of and dictionary of the Songhoi lan- their motives in studying the lan- guage, were found. This tribe of guage. The blind man took up the about 400,000 people is located study of the Braille system and, on the Niger. They are a fine after long and patient effort, to his people and very friendly. Two great joy was able to read the points have been opened among Gospel. them, Timbuctu and Gao, and al- Many tribes still wait the mes- ready the first converts have been senger of Light. The great Tourag won for Christ.

tribe on the border of the desert, Timbuctu is not as important as living in tents, moving from place it used to be. The building of a to place to watch their herds of railroad connecting the Niger cattle, have not yet been cared for. River with the coast has taken This will require men who will en- away its importance as a caravan dure hardship, who will be willing terminal and already a good part to suffer privation, to follow His of the town looks like a ruin. The sheep in the desert or wherever rains are rapidly breaking down they may wander. They are fierce, the houses and many of them are untamed warriors, who would not being repaired. Buildings rather kill a man than kill one of have been rented for mission pur- their cattle. Last year the govern- poses that will serve for the work ment was preparing to open a new there indefinitely. The present post between Timbuctu and Gao population numbers only about 8,- on the Niger River when they were 000, though at one time it was as told by the Tourag Chief that he high as 85,000. It was the center would not allow it. The resident of learning two or three hundred was called from Timbuctu to talk years ago, and from this point the the matter over with the chief. Mohammedan faith spread over They were told that the white men the greater part of the upper Niger were like the sand of the desert and basin.

that for every white man they Timbuctu is accessible to the killed it would cost them a thou- traveler from August until Janu- sand Tourags. Furthermore, the ary and the government has a government had so many airplanes weekly passenger service from that they would darken the sun. Koulikoro to the port, Kabara, nine The post was built. The French miles from the capital. Koulikoro government then sent the Chief is connected with the coast by train

GREAT CHANGES IN WESTERN SUDAN

or motor road and efforts are being is their textbook. There is not a made to open another road through man in Bamako that can stand to Timbuctu. against this young evangelist. These young men act on their be- Bamako is the greatest com- lief that the Lord can supply funds mercial center of the Sudan and through His own people to carry probably of all French West Africa, on His work, and they will not with the possible exception of accept money from non-Christians. Dakar. Missionary work was be- Strong, virile, native churches gun there about eight years ago by firmly established in the Word of the Gospel Missionary Union. To- God, with a holy zeal to make day Bamako has a fine independent Christ known, are the hope of the church, the leader of which is a Sudan. Fula, named Demba Daw. A group of young men has been gathered The forces of evil are strongly together and are becoming a real intrenched in these lands of darkforce in the Sudan, not only in ness and only stronghearted men Bamako but in the region round who know the Lord can hope for about. The real strength' of this success there. The divine spark work lies in the fact that they are in man, or hazy, vague ideas of the demonstrating to the people, and atonement will dash in vain to the officials, that they are Chris- against these walls of darkness. tians, not because of white influ- The need of Africa today is for ence, but because they have the men and women who know how to living Word of God. Already prevail with God in prayer. We many of the officials recognize that have an all-powerful Christ, and there is something real in the if we are yielded, joyful agents of movement and are seeking Bibles His grace, we will see light break to study the truth for themselves. forth in the dark places. No man, High officials ask this young Fula or group of men, or force of evil, evangelist for Bibles. An atheist can prevent this great work so has been won to allegiance to the long as Christ lives and sits on the Word through this young man's throne. The Lord Jesus will labors. The man next to the gov- triumph over the powers that hold ernor has received a Bible and is the Sudan in bondage and we must studying the truth, challenge the forces of evil that hold the Mohammedans and the The Bamako church is founded on the Word of God and the Bible pagans in slavery.

I do not believe that the love of God in Christ is a spent force. It is still a mighty power and will be increasingly so if we will only trust and obey our Lord. When the full meaning of His Gospel is made known to the world and men lay hold upon the moral power that is theirs for the asking, then the love of Christ will hecome a power which will challenge the attention and the admiration of men. They will see that the gates of hell cannot prevail against it for it has enabled men to climb out of the degradation of selfishness up to the clear atmosphere and the sunlit hills of unselfishness and helpful service. That moral power is an undiscovered resource in the lives of many men, in the history of many institutions, in the relationships of many peoples and many nations. When that moral power is discovered and used, we will see those who have discovered it plowing deep furrows in the fields of life.-Benjamin F. Farber.

A CHINESE CHRISTIAN ON THE ANTI-

CHRISTIAN MOVEMENT* T HE preacher at the Chinese form the world by revolution started service was Mr. Chen, a grad- with China as a favorable place. It uate of the Shantung Chris- began by teaching youth Soviet printian University and Secretary of ciples and a favorite place to do this the Y. M. C. A. at Tsinan. His was in the schools. Among these prinsubject was "What can the Chris- ciples was opposition to Christianity. tian learn from the present Anti- 2. There were local Chinese in- fluences affecting the situation. There Christian Movement in China?" was the claim that the Church was in As a missionary sat beside me China on the basis of unequal treaty and translated the gist of the re- rights and of extra-territoriality. In marks, I include them here from the days of Robert Morrison (1807) my notes, as I think you will be in- it took seven years to secure the first terested to know what a Chinese convert and thirty-five years to win leader has to say on this vital topic. seven. As a result of persecution of Christianity in the early days, foreign At Boxer time Christianity was at- nations forced extra-territoriality on tacked, but since then and until re- China. The Chinese Christians have cently there has been a time of been included, in the eyes of their quietude. In 1922, there was organ- fellow Chinese, as benefiting by extraized in Peking among students an territoriality. So the Church was reattempt to oppose, then to attack garded as a foreign institution. This Christianity. It is an attack by edu- put the Church in a false position. So cated people. They began to have extra-territoriality was attacked. Chicertain slogans to destroy Christian- nese in the United States or in Japan ity. Christmas was a time of especial have to be subject to the laws of these opposition. What is the reason for nations, whereas foreigners in China this? have extra-territoriality rights which 1. From an educational point of China regards as an insult. The Chiview they want to take back the power nese have no control over the action in educational matters which they of foreigners in China. Local officials, claim the Christian Church had as- through fear of foreigners, protected sumed. In 1924, the Nationalist them. Pressure was brought to bear Movement began and brought atten- from Peking to make local and county tion to national problems. They op- officials protect foreigners and Chiposed anything that affected Chinese nese Christians. This was especially independence. China for the Chinese true of Roman Catholics. This power was their slogan. They felt that for- was abused, so that the Catholic eigners were running schools where priests often became as powerful as pupils were being trained in the for- county officials. The priests were apeign point of view. Then there was pealed to by the Roman Catholic the effect of Soviet Russia's attitude Christians in their lawsuits, often retoward religion. The Greek Catholic sulting in a miscarriage of justice. Church was not in sympathy with the This was a serious evil needing cor- Soviet, therefore they opposed Chris- rection and aroused resentment. tianity. This teaching has reached What should be the attitude of China. The Soviet attempt to trans- Christians now toward the opposition • Extract from a letter from the Rev. George directed against them? They should H. Trull. of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign accept the criticism, if it is just, and Missions. New York, written during his visit profit by it. If it Is unjust, they do In Tslnan. ChIna.

664 n'Ot need t'O be c'Oncerned ab'Out it. China, hence the QPp'Onents here say Opp'Onents will pr'Obably c'Ome t'O see that individual Christians alsQ dQ nQt the faults in their criticisms them- have the right attitude. The Church selves, in due time. In the 1925 Anti- must adapt its meth'Ods SQ as to shQW Christian Campaign in Tsinan, the the spirit ()f sacrifice in this day and Christians used the SalvatiQn Army generati'On. The f'Ormer methQd 'Of meth'Od 'Of street preaching and by preaching was Qther-w'Orldliness. N'Ow drums and trumpets tried tQ dr'Own we must preach alsQ abQut impr'Oving the vQices 'Of the 'Opp'OsitiQn. But this the c'OnditiQn 'Of this WQrld. There stirred up bad feeling. are lQts .of unrighteQus conditions in s'Ociety now that need rectifying. This China is nQW in a state 'Of flux and is the Church's Qbligati'On. change in everything. It is in the air. The peQple are hunting the true The Church in China sh'Ould be a road, but part 'Of the time they are 'Off natural cQl'Ored Church, i. e., it sh'Ould the track. Christians sh'Ould be pa- nQt be cQl'Ored white but be indigenous. tient in such a time as this. There The 'West had a fine tree with beauare hQt heads and h'Ot hearts at pres- tiful fl'Owers and good fruit upon it. ent. But a change 'Of attitude 'Of the It is transplanted tQ China, but it is 'Opp'Ositi'On is appearing, as s'Ome heads n'Ot indigen'Ous. The West has atare c'O'Oling 'Off while their hearts are tempted t'O give us f'Oreign fQ'Od with still hQt. A lQt 'Of students have their a dash 'Of Chinese flav'Oring. It shQuld stQmachs full, but the fQ'Od is undi- be primarily Chinese f'OQd with Chigested (a Chinese way 'Of saying that nese flav'Oring. This explains why the students' ideas are immature and there is 'Opp'Ositi'On and what we need ill-digested) . tQ CQunteract it.

The QPPQsitiQn nQW is n'Ot SQ much It is difficult t'O present adequateagainst Christians as against the ly sec'Ond hand thr'Ough an inter- Church. Acc'Ording t'O Christian d'Octrine, self-determinati'On as enunciated preter the exact P'Oint 'Of view 'Of a by the late President WilsQn in his foreign speaker, and I trust I have Fourteen PQints, is recQgnized as just, but n'O nation is putting this intQ prac- n'Ot misrepresented him. We may tice. The spirit 'Of self-sacrifice in the n'Ot all agree with everything in Church is nQt always recQgnized by QPp'Onents. G'Overnments have n'Ot the statement, but it is f'O'Od for used a Christian attitude tQward th'Ought, and he held well the at- tenti'On 'Of his audience.

"I have I'Ooked the wh'Ole planet 'Over, and I see n'O man but Jesus 'Only wh'O is able t'O take away the sin 'Of the W'Orld. I have sat at the feet 'Of the world's crowned religi'Ous leaders, and I have seen all the great religi'Ons in their h'Omes, and I n'Ow kn'Ow that it is Christ or n'Obody. He has n'O competitor in the field. N'O one else has the slightest chance of winning the homage 'Of the entire human race. M'Ore and more He is to me what He was to Saul of Tarsus-'the image 'Of the invisible G'Od.' More and more He is t'O me what He was t'O John the Beloved-'G'Od made manifest in the flesh.' M'Ore and more He is t'O me what He Himself claimed t'O be, the eternal Son 'Of the I'Oving G'Od. To kn'OW Him is indeed life eternal. T'O w'Ork with Him in estabHshing on this earth the kingdom 'Of righte'Ousness and peace and j'Oy, this is what makes my life more and more w'Orth living."-The Rev. Charles E. Jefferson, D.D.

OF MRS. JOHN S

T HE death of Mrs. John S. a far more lavish scale. They made Kennedy, of New York, July princely benefactions to a wide 23, has brought widespread variety of good causes. They sorrow. She was a great Chris- deemed their money a sacred trust tian philanthropist. Many schools, to be used for the benefit of their colleges, hospitals, charitable agen- fellowmen and the advancement of the cause of Christ and they found their greatest joy in doing good with it.

Their wedded life was ideally happy and when their fiftieth wed- ding anniversary was celebrated in 1908 she was delighted when he signalized the day by a gift of a million dollars to the Presbyterian Hospital in New York. When he died in 1909, his will bequeathed many millions of dollars to good causes, six millions being divided between the Presbyterian Boards of Home and Foreign Missions, New York.

After her husband's death, Mrs.

Kennedy continued to give liberally to the causes in which she had long lIRS. JOHN S. KENNEDY been interested. Her mail was at the age of 95, in the academic cap and heavy with appeals, but she read ~own In wblch she received the del;l°ee of everyone and personally answered lfaster of Humane Letters from New York all that were worthy. Her checks University in recognition of her numerous went out in a daily stream, and philanthropies.

cies, missionary boards and Iit- with no publicity so that only a erally thousands of Christian few of her intimate friends knew workers at home and abroad have how much she was doing. When reason to remember her with her eyesight became so impaired gratitude. that she was no longer able to read She was born August 18, 1833, books, she said, "I am so glad I in Elizabeth, New Jersey, the can still sign checks."

daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Cornelius Mrs. Kennedy was a noble wom- Baker. October 14, 1858, she mar- an in every way, distinguished in ried Mr. John Stewart Kennedy, appearance, charming in person- then a rising young banker in New ality, warm in sympathy, widely York. Wealth soon came, and in read in general and particularly time reached large proportions. in religious and missionary litera- But the husband and wife had no ture, and clear and unwavering in thought of spending it upon them- her Christian faith. She was a de- selves. Families whose income voted member of the Fifth Avenue was much less than theirs lived on Presbyterian C h u r c h of New 666 York. While her philanthropies did almost as much more. It may be were widely varied and included said that the sun never sets on the many charitable and missionary territory of her beneficent interest. objects in America, her special in- She knew hundreds of missionaries by terest was in Foreign Missions. name, and kept up her communication She regularly attended the meet- with them and their families to the ings of the Women's Missionary very last days of her remarkable life. Society, and made many gifts to She combined democratic simplicity the Board and to its missionaries. with queenly dignity.

This community has reason to re- She was a generous friend of THE member the great civic contributions MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in money and public service of her and the largest regular donor to its husband when he sat "among the Maintenance Fund. elders of the land"; but of her also it may be said that "her own works A remarkable editorial in the praise her in the gates." New Yark Times of July 28 in- cluded the following: She enjoyed remarkable health The benefactions of the American and vigor until a short time before banker and philanthropist, John S. her death. The end of her earthly Kennedy, born in Scotland just a hun- life came painlessly and peacefully dred years ago, did not cease with his at her summer home in Bar Har- death. Mrs. Kennedy had with re- bor, Maine, within less than a markable sagacity and public spirit month of her ninety-seventh birthadministered what was left in her day. While we sorrow that such a hands. It is said that she made use beautiful and wonderful earthly of no secondary agencies of distribu- life has ended, we rejoice in all that tion, but gave personal attention to all she was and all that she did for her varied interests, writing her own God and humanity. Her long life letters, even learning to use a type- was extraordinary not only in writer after she was 90 years of age that she might do so. length but in richness of fruitage.

She did not merely "reach forth her There is scarcely a country in the hands to the needy," generous though world to which the news of her she was in relief. She gave, for the death has not brought sorrow. greater part, in support of institu- Many home missionaries and other Christian workers in America, and tions and causes devoted to the im- many lonely foreign missionaries provement and strengthening of the in far-distant lands, cherish letters spiritual life of the world. And she from her with sympathetic, engave herself with her gifts, going in couraging words and checks which helped them over some emergency some instances to remote places in order to see for herself the needs and the manner in which the work was being conducted. And wherever she in their work or some personal ill- went schools and missions flourished, ness or bereavement in their famfor her interest was as the dew of ilies. Hundreds of young people Hermon. could speak of the aid that she gave them in getting an education To Foreign Missions she and her which otherwise might have been husband gave upward of ten million beyond their reach. God gave her dollars. They together, it was found much, and she used it as a trust some years ago, had built fifty resi- for Him. When left the earth, dences, ten boys' schools, twelve girls' surely "all the trumpets sounded schools, six hospitals, ten churches, for 'her' on the other side." A. J. B.

besides houses, presses and scores of mission compounds. But she alone

WORK IN MISSIONS

INTERRACIAL RELATIONS BY THE REV. J. J. CLOPTON, Lexington, Kentucky T HERE are t h r e e notable ordained a deacon and sent by pieces of constructive work Bishop Whittle of the Diocese of for the Negro in the South. Virginia, as a missionary to the One is the Armstrong School for Negroes in Brunswick and Meck- Negroes, at Hampton, Virginia. lenburg Counties in the "Black The second is the work of Booker Belt" of that State. He had no as- T. Washington at Tuskegee, Ala- sets, and his first work was to barna. And the last is St. Paul's build a chapel, which he accom- Normal and Industrial School at plished by the aid of white friends. Lawrenceville, Virginia, founded He opened a school January 1, and nurtured to stalwart manhood 1883, in part of the church buildby the Rev. James Solomon Russell. ing and taught himself with his Both Washington and Russell were devoted and capable wife and one slaves, and were educated at assistant. The work grew, and a Hampton. Both have done endur- new building became necessary.

ing and splendid work for their Through the generosity of the Rev. race. One had the backing of the James Saul, a three-room building whole country; the other largely was erected known as the "Saul of his Church. Russell's work de- Building," and this was the first serves to be more widely known of the buildings of the school.

for he has made it a great moral The vision of Russell was a force with religion an integral school that would train the heart part of it. by religion, the mind by Qooks, and When the Civil War closed, Rus- the hand by trade. An opportunity sell was an ignorant little slave occurred to carry out his vision, boy. He had a great desire to matured by prayer and practical learn. He lived in what is known needs. He did not have a penny as the Black Belt of Virginia, to buy what he saw was a great Mecklenburg County. Encouraged opportunity, a plot of land of over by his mother, he worked diIi- three acres. He went to the owner gently, and mastered all available and offered to buy the land and knowledge in the rude country give his notes. The offer was acschool. He entered Hampton In- cepted. With equal faith, he con- stitute, and after a time left it to tracted for buildings and material teach. He then returned to Hamp- with not a dollar in hand or ton and graduated. His eyes pledged. The purchase was made turned to the ministry. A copy in July, 1888, and work on the of the Prayer Book of the Prot- buildings started the same month. estant Episcopal Church fell into September 24, 1888, the Normal his hands, and after diligent study School was opened with three of it he decided to enter that teachers and less than a dozen Church as a minister. He entered scholars. the Theological School in Peters- Year by year, under the able burg, Virginia, and in 1882 was and consecrated efforts of Mr. Rus- 668 sell, the work has grown. The and paid taxes on property as- school at this time embraces a sessed at $750,000.

farm of 1,600 acres, 36 buildings, A law-aQiding colored popula- a faculty of 50 members, and a tion has been built up, unsur- student body of 800. All of the passed in any part of the country, buildings have been erected by the and an inter-racial feeling, like- students, with the exception of the wise unsurpassed. No graduate of steel work in one of the buildings. St. Paul's has ever been cited be- Many of the buildings are memori- fore a court, and many of the als given by both northern and homes and barns of the white com- southern friends. The graduates munity have been built by pupils number 1,000 and 10,000 have been of St. Paul's.

undergraduates-. The value of the An editorial in the Richmond property is $400,000. News-Leader, included the follow- The school now embraces a fully ing remarkable tribute: accredited high school, a funy ac- When the pessimist becomes intolercredited State Normal for training able in his talk about the race probteachers, a School of Agriculture, lem, buy him a ticket to Lawrenceand a Trade School that offers four ville, Virginia, and tell him to inspect trades for girls and a choice of St. Paul's Normal and Industrial sixteen for boys. Its graduates School. Because they will work at come from half the states of the any honest job, the students of St.

Union. With all its growth it has Paul's have the goodwill of the whole kept its essential character as a community. Perhaps there is a religious or parish school, so much stronger reason for this than the atso that it is referred to as the mosphere of hard work and goodwill. greatest parish school in the coun- The spirit has its origin in the head try. A great company has gone of the School, that very remarkable forth as teachers, ministers, physicians and skilled mechanics, a con- man – Archdeacon James S. Russell. He brings Christianity, common sense, and racial understanding with labor structive force whose power is felt in equal components. He is accom- over the whole of the United plishing a notable service for the States. Negro in the South, and he and his A part of Mr. Russell's work for School deserve the support that will enable them to meet the opportunity a number of years has been a that opens more widely to St. Paul's "Farmers' Conference" for the col- the longer its gates are open. ored farmers of the community.

Its beneficent influence outside of After forty-eight years of inde- the schoolroom has been evidenced fatigable labor, Archdeacon Rus- by the disappearance of one room sell recently resigned the principal- cabins, the development of neat ship and became Principal Emeri- homes, and the acquisition by Ne- tus with salary continued. His groes of thousands of acres of son, the Rev. James Alvin Russell, farm land. A recent report showed succeeds his venerable father and that Negroes in that community is qualified in every way to carry owned over 54,000 acres of land, the school to greater success.

SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS OF WORLD

BY ESTHER BOWMAN, Elmira College T HE mission field has always Dr. Scudder, the first of the three attracted many graduates of generations of Scudders who en- Elmira, the first college for riched India by their lives, whose women, founded in 1855, at EI- setting forth of its needs so mira, New York. Nearly every gripped me then as a young Chris- class since its opening has sent at tian, and whose unique way of least one missionary to the home clinching his appeals by having us or foreign field. Most of the in- sign a pledge either to go or to formation concerning the earliest give for India so moved me that I missionaries is the result of the never got away from it.

efforts of Mrs. Louise Parsons Ab- However, an old suitor felt sure bey, '72, a missionary herself for that he could not get along with- many years in China and Turkey. out me; so until his death I helped Recently, Miss Ernestine French, him, and then, on his deathbed, he Alumnae Secretary at Elmira, re- renewed the call, knowing my ceived from Mrs. Abbey a letter in heart had been in India. I said, which were enclosed excerpts from 'What! at my age?' 'Yes, you've a messages received by her during long life before you.' Hence, at the past five years from Elmira's sixty-four, finding that my services missionaries. About six years ago, would be acceptable at Pandita Mrs. Abbey wrote, she began send- Ramabai's mission, a missionary ing letters to all the missionaries whom I had met twenty-five years she knew or had heard of, asking before in Syracuse, N. Y., I went them for information concerning out at her invitation, bearing my their own work and that of other own expenses. I was with her five Elmira graduates in the mission months, helped her translate the field. four Gospels from the Latin for In the seventy-five years of its her Marathi New Testament. I history, 47 girls have gone out to also had charge of the training de- represent Elmira in nearly every partment of Bethel Evangelists.

part of the world. Forty have been Then duty called me to a near-by sent to the foreign fields-China small city in much need of a teach- and Turkey especially, but Elmira er, and for nine months I carried missionaries have worked in Ha- on a select school with 34 interest- waii, Japan, Africa, India, Persia, ing native and English pupils. The Syria, Korea, Egypt, South and requirements were also to superin- Central America. Seven have been tend Sunday-school, which I did engaged in home missionary work gladly. Finally, securing a govern- in the United States. ment grant which would reduce The earliest graduate to become rates for them, I closed after four a missionary was Mrs. Margaret months' evangelistic work, mainly Dobbin Church, '67, who was sent among soldiers, helping 45 prepare to India. In her reply to Mrs. Ab- for death, in cooperation with a bey, she said, "My call to India missionary and his wife, when they came when I was fifteen, through were called to the front. But I 670 was held in Jansi for general evan- she stretched out a hand of love gelistic work. As the World War and opened the Ming Sam School.

began, however, advices general Now more than 300 have been res- called me home in 1914. I was cued, and SO have been graduated.

sorry to leave under such sad cir- Her love is like the love of a par- cumstances, but I am glad I went, ent, a teacher, and a friend. We and hope to be counted a link in could not accomplish in ninety the world round chain of volun- years what she has done in forty- teers." five."

Three more Elmira girls went The second graduate to work in to India. Joan B. Van der Spek, China was Mrs. Abbey, '72, who ex. '27, now living in Oxford, Eng- has compiled much of the informa- land, was sent by the American tion about the missionaries. She Congregational Board of Missions, did her work in Soochow and Nan- and Ethel Nichols, '18, went to king, but has not mentioned just Guahati, Assam. Mrs. Ida Walker what her work was.

Merrill, '22, is another representa- Of the six other "Elmirans" in tive, who went first for three years, China, messages were received and now has just returned to India from four. Two were from the with her husband after a furlough. graduates of '07. The first is from The classt)s from '70 to '80 gave Mrs. He1en Harshaw Gold, who seven more missionaries. Turkey says: "I did not realize that there and China each received two, Per- were so many Elmira girls on the sia, Syria, and the United States mission field. Elmira College was each one. Of those in China, Dr. the source of my first inclination Mary Niles, '75 has served the toward the work of the Y. W. C.

longest. She has been for forty- A. as a career, and my first intro- six years, in Canton. Her work in duction into that organization was the School for the Blind was very when I helped paper the room practical. She translated a text- which was then used for the Asso- book on obstetrics into Chinese, re- ciation. Well do I remember the vised and enlarged Dr. John G. stiffness of my neck following the Kerr's textbook in Chinese, pre- putting of paper on the ceiling. I pared a primer in Cantonese pho- had always had a desire to do mis- netics, established the first school sionary work, and when I found a for the blind, and later founded niche where I thought I might fit three other similar schools. In Oc- in, I embarked for Foochow, tober, the School for the Blind cele- China, in 1915, under the Foreign brated the forty-fifth anniversary Department of the Y. W. C. A.

of her arrival in China. The fol- Foochow had been waiting some lowing tribute was paid her by the time for the organization of the principal, Miss Chan: "Dr. Niles's Association. After spending two first purpose in coming to China years in the pursuit of the Chinese was to seek the salvation of souls. language, I was partially ready to She healed many sick and always begin active service, and we or- told them of the Saviour who came ganized the Association in 1918.

to die for them. When she saw the People are the same the world blind who could not be cured and over, and it is astonishing how like those for whom there seemed no American ones are the problems in salvation for either body or soul, China. Yet there are some that

are peculiar, one of them being Rose Hiller Talman, whom Helen that of trying to get your ideas Harshaw Gold met at the picnic described above. She is now at across by means of a vehicle of home on account of the health of expression in which you are not her children. She writes, "I had very expert. The joy of beginning the pleasure of going back on the a new work like that of the Asso- same steamer with Dr. Niles when ciation is the very close and inti- we returned five years ago. We mate contact with the finest of belong to the Amoy Dutch Re- Chinese womanhood, and the formed Mission here." friendships that result therefrom. In 1919, I was married to Mr. Gold, The latest representative from a Y. M. C. A. secretary. After this, my work became volunteer. Be- Elmira in China is Clara Tingley, cause of the interdenominational '29, from whom Mrs. Abbey also character of the "Y," I had the joy heard. It is interesting to note of working, not only in the "Y. W.," but also in the different mis- that she has gone to the very work sions in Foochow. At one time I which Dr. Niles has just laid down was helping in the English Episcopal Girls' School, the Methodist in the Ming Sam School for the Institutional Church, and the Blind. Miss Tingley says, "I often American Board School for Girls. Contacts were increased, and think of Elmira and the dear friendships formed in that way. friends and the good times. I wish I might bring every Elmira girl "My contacts with Elmira folks in China were limited. Rachel out here and show her the need. Brooks of my own class, I saw It is almost staggering. The only once. She was with the Associa- schools which amount to anything tion in the National Office in are the mission schools; but they Shanghai. One night in Kuliang, need so many more of them. The our summer resort, we were" hav- masses of the people have not even ing a picnic and someone suggested been touched by educatiOlJ1. At that we go around the circle and present I am studying the langive the name of our Alma Mater. guage two hours a day, and spend Much to my surprise, someone the rest of the day doing secretarisaid, "Elmira College." I was so al work. The language is very inastonished that I said, "So am 1." teresting but quite difficult. One That one was Mrs. Rose Hiller almost has to be a good singer to Talman, '13." learn it, and I am not that. How- ever I struggle along with my Of her work in China, Rachel tones and hope to get the right one Brooks, '07, says practically noth- some day." ing. She went out in 1920 to Shanghai, where she did Y. W. C. Next to China in number of mis- A. work. For a few months she sionaries comes Turkey. Elmira was at Ginling College, Nanking, has given eight to this country. where she met Ruth Chester, who The earliest was Mrs. Emma Spenhad been a professor at Elmira in cer Hubbard, ex. '75, who worked 1916-17. at Sivas, Asia Minor. The classes of '90, '91, and '97, and '22, each The third "Elmiran" from furnished one; of '19, two. It was whom Mrs. Abbey heard was Mrs. in memory of Mrs. Caroline San- borne Adkins, '19, that new hym- nals were presented to the College,

THE JAPANESE STUDENTS' CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION

each one of which has a bookplate Pennsylvania, New York and Okwith Mrs. Adkins' picture. lahoma. All have been graduated since the opening of the twentieth Of the missionaries in Persia, Century. the best known to present Elmira students is Lois Elder, supported From Elizabeth Bodle, '04, in by the College. Sent in 1927 for Guatemala, comes a plea for Spanthree years, she returned home on ish students trained in Gospel furlough this June, an event for work. "The Central American which the College eagerly waited. Mission is evangelistic in its ef- forts, simple in its management Another missionary with whom and aggressive in its spirit. I have the College is well acquainted is been teaching Spanish at Kings- Dr. Caroline Lawrence, '91, physi- wood and Frankfort Colleges. I cian of the College but at present do hope that Elmira's Spanish deon leave of absence. Dr. Lawrence partment is training for Gospel was for twelve years a missionary work in our Southwest. We must in Egypt, where she built up a give them the Word!" clinic, outpractice, and a hospital for women and children at Tata. Every message sent to Mrs. Ab- bey expressed an earnest desire to Little is known of the workers be present at the seventy-fifth anin other countries. Nearly all in niversary of the founding of El- South or North America are in Y. mira College, and, as many have W. C. A. work or are sent out by arranged to have their furloughs some mission board. There are this year, there should be a gather- Elmira graduates in Guatemala, ing of many of Elmira's 47 mis- Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, Labra- sionaries. dor, North Carolina, Virginia, THE JAPANESE STUDENTS' CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION BY GEORGE IWASHITA President Of the Association I N SUCH a world of hetero- tivation of better understanding geneous cultural and econom- between America and Japan. The ical mixture every effort to Japanese Students' Christian Asstrengthen the ties of international sociation in North America was friendship is worthy of notice and organized in 1924, among other encouragement. The J. S. C. A. things, to utilize this opportunity plays a good part in this universal of exchanging the best of America program as an organ of such pro- and the best of Japan, especially motion. through Christian fellowship and cooperation. Today there are over There are 1,500 Japanese stu- twenty-five chapters all over the dents now studying in American country. colleges and universities. These potential "ambassadors of friend- The Association is the only ship" and future leaders of Japan Christian Japanese organization of occupy strategic positions of im- its kind which is national in scope. measurable importance in the cul- It has passed its incipient stages 3

and is now in its formative period, and study tours, mail service, in- requiring administrative skill and troducing students to American sound judgment. Ever since its homes, finding rooms, employment, organization, it has maintained the purchasing, counsel in personal highest spirit of service for the and religious problems, etc.; con- welfare of Japanese students in ferences and conventions, cooper- America, and it has done much to ating with 25 local chapters in convenience the life of Japanese large student centers; a central Christian leaders-to-be. office to carryon the above and Six years ago, when our prede- other miscellaneous activities of cessors founded this organization, the J. S. C. A.

it was merely to be an experiment Though there is danger of its toward the promotion of interna- passing inadvertently into a com· tional friendship through Chris- placent institution of a common- tian fellowship and cooperation. place routine mechanism, there is Today, the J. S. C. A. is a proven evident a sufficient spirit of adven- institution, serving hundreds of ture, supplemented by an inspired Christian Japanese stu den t s courage, to keep it supplied with throughout the United States, Can- energetic human resources in order ada and Hawaii through its several to serve more fully the Japanese activities as outlined below. students in America. The move- The activities of the Association ment passes continually through include a student bulletin, a a process of development and it is monthly organ, 3,000 copies of at a stage now when it requires the which are distributed free to all sympathetic understanding and Japanese stu den t s and their support from our friends.

friends in America and in Japan; Enthusiasm may run high, hopes student directory, listing all Jap- may soar, and dreams may form anese students in the institutions effulgent rainbows at the end of of higher learning in North Amer- the trail; but they will drift away ica; pamphlets; a circulating into the thin air of emptiness un- library; a press room, to help J ap- less some of them are empirically anese students in purchasing books tested in the daily office work of at considerable saving; secretarial our national office. Nearly all our visitation trips to strengthen the work is made possible through the J. S. C. A. movement, help Jap- voluntary gifts of our friends. The anese students in their various J. S. C. A. movement, in fact, has problems, and to speak before been successful so far through American audiences and cultivate their generous support, and we are better American-Japanese under- confident that the work will be standing; practical services such carried on with their continued as information on colleges and uni- cooperation and financial assist- versities, schedules for traveling ance.

PRAYER "Beloved Master, who has said, 'Blessed are the pure in hf'urt, for th<,y shall s('e Gort,' cleanse our bearts from the defilement of physical df'sirt". V(' would rise with Thpe and gain those things which are above th(>se bodies of the earth. We st'ek thi" of'unty of thy face and the loveliness of thy soul. 'Ve know that only as WP are purified from phYSIcal desire can we see God, that God is dimmed a.fi(l unreal to lIS whf'n our h('nrts ure unholy. Dear Master, we would know Thee in the full power of thy Rf'folnrrection. CI('anAe us from all unworthiness, that we Ulay see Thee as thou art. Amen."-From "H-i1J G~OriOU8' Borly," by Robert Norwood.

OF SIMON

T HE report of this Commis- pletely abolish the "dyarchy" form of sion, which was appointed by government, which was tentatively the British Government in set up in India, but would substitute for it ·stronger provincial Legislatures 1927 to study conditions in India, and a central Legislature having broad was awaited with keen interest powers of law-making for all India, not only in India and Great Britain and creating, in effect, a Federated hut throughout the civilized world. India. The report has now been published in two bulky volumes. We assume Inevitably, certain powers are rethat comparatively few of our served to the British Government, or to the Governor-General in India. readers will have access to these National defense is not to be turned volumes and yet that all desire to over to native hands. In fact, they know their general character. In do not desire it. Even the party in India which demands immediate inview of the bearing of the subject dependence has been willing to leave upon conditions which affect mis- the military power under the control sionary work in the great mission of Great Britain. In a similar way, field of India, perhaps we can do the foreign relations of the new Inno better than to cite the editorial dian Government are to be conducted on the subject in the New York from London. Nor shall the central Times of June 24th as follows: Legislature have power to enact meas- The second and substantive part of ures affecting "the religion or reli- the Simon report on India is made gious rites and usages of any class of public today. It comprises more than British subjects in India." It cannot 300 printed pages and can for the repeal or amend any act of a local moment be dealt with only in sum- Legislature, nor any act or ordinance mary fashion. From the beginning, made by the Governor-General. These it is evident that the commissioners are serious limitations, and doubtless approached their heavy and compli- will be, at first, rejected with scorn by cated task with kindly recognition of the advocates in India of full domin- the aspirations of the people of India. ion status. But some of the restric- In the very forefront they speak as if tions, at any rate, are necessary in their marching orders were: "The order to safeguard the rights of solemn pledge of the British people minorities in India, and also to pre- with regard to the progressive realiza- vent the provincial Legislatures from tion of responsible government in being overriden by the central legis- British India." Yet in the text of lative power.

the act under which the Simon Com- It is interesting to note that Burma mission was appointed, it was stated is to be left entirely out of the new that its functions would be to "ex- governmental scheme. The report tend, modify, or restrict" the experi- states that it is not really a part of ment in self-government which has India and was included in it only by been going on ever since the India act a sort of "historical accident." Spe- of 1919. Accordingly. the Simon cial provisions are also to be made for Commission was legally empowered, the government of the Northwest if it saw fit, to recommend withdraw- Provinces. On every page of the re- ing a certain degree of the home rule port appears evidence of the scru- which had been granted to India. pulous care and the heavy sense of But nothing of that tenor appears in responsibility with which the com- the report. It would .indeed com- missioners set about their work. They 675

hope that it need not be repeated. civil service and police still remain Very sensibly they point out the under complete control of the Secreanomaly and misfortune of pulling up tary of State for India. Provincial the Constitution of India by the roots autonomy is given, it is true, accordevery ten years to see how it is grow- ing to the views generally expressed, ing. Far better would it be to leave but while it is given to the country it alone for its natural development. with one hand, the increased powers of overriding granted to the Pro- In conclusion the Simon report vincial Governors withdraw it with states that it makes no reference to the other. recent events in India, since before they occurred the recommendations That the army ,should cease even now made had been arrived at unani- to rely on the Legislature for indorsemously. The commissioners declare ment of its estimates and should bethat they feel it needful to "look be- come entirely independent of Indian yond particular incidents and to take Government control is a third objeca longer view." They express the tion. That the power of the purse hope that whatever the verdict of should not be vested in the Provinces "our Indian fellow-subjects" may be is held out as another objection which on the proposals of the report, at least cannot be surmounted. it will be admitted that they have been put forWard in a "spirit of gen- The report must remain boycotted uine sympathy." No impartial reader by the Nationalist movement, in the of the whole report can doubt that opinion of the Pandit Motilal Nehru, this is true. Acting President of the Nationalist Congress and the active leader of the A later dispatch from Bombay movement. "We simply shall not pay to the New York Times says: the slightest heed to it," he said to- day, while asserting he had not yet The long-heralded Simon Commis- read it. "It is an ample vindication sion recommendations are universally of the boycott placed by our Congress rejected in British India. The opin- people on the Commission." ions expressed range from indignation at what is described as "this It would be futile to attempt to latest insult to the motherland" to forecast what may follow. The views of the more moderate elements agitation is likely to be long conof Liberals, Nationalists and Moslems, tinued. Missionaries in India are who counsel patience with a view to in a position of great delicacy and the approaching round table confer- difficulty. Never has there been a ence, urging in the meanwhile that the time when the followers of Christ report should be simply ignored. more needed to heed the exhorta- tion of Christ,"Be ye therefore The denunciation of the recom- wise as serpents, and harmless as mendations is based for the most part doves." on four points. The most important of these is the fact that the Indian FIGHT CANCER WITH KNOWLEDGE BY MRS. ELLA H. RIGNEY Of the American Society for the aootraj Of aancer T HE great unsolved problem approach is being used. Cancer is of the medical world is the becoming more and more a men- cause and cure of cancer. The ace, partly of course because more keenest minds in the profession are people are living to the age when concerned, and every method of it most often occurs. In India, for

A NOTABLE UNDERTAKING

instance, where the average length the places where it can be obtained. of life is only 26 years, cancer is It is this task which has been un- less frequent than in America dertaken by l'he American Society where the average is much longer. for the Control of Cancer. Educa- Long observation has proved that, tional work is carried on by means although the disease sometimes oc- of lectures, radio talks, moving pic- curs in young people, it is much tures, pamphlets, newspaper and more frequent after the age of 35. magazine articles, advertisements in magazines, outdoor advertising, One of the greatest obstacles in and cards in street cars. The chief the control of cancer is the pop- function of the society is to put ular belief that the disease is before the public the results of incurable. This prevents many chemical and laboratory stUdies, people from admitting even to all of which point to the fact that themselves that symptoms may early recognition and prompt and mean the beginning of a cancer and proper treatment offer the best from seeking competent advice chance for arresting the disease. when its presence can no longer be It has adopted for its slogan the hia<1en. Untreated or improperly phrase – "Fight Cancer with treated cancer is, it is true, always Knowledge," and its message has fatal; but is is not an incurable well been called a message of hope. disease. In many cases, when prop- er treatment has been begun at an In all its work it has the most cor- early stage, growth is arrested. dial cooperation of hospitals. The The popular belief that cancer office of The New York Committee is incurable must therefore be ov- of the Society is at 34 East 75th • ercome so that patients will seek Street, New York, and requests re- physicians earlier in the course of ceived there have prompt response. the disease. This can be done only Pamphlets are sent free of charge, through education of the public, and persons desiring diagnosis and placing the facts before it in sim- treatment and unable to afford a ple, untechnical language, com- private physician are referred to a bined with information as to what suitable hospital with a card of in- constitutes proper treatment and troduction.

A NOTABLE UNDERTAKING Laymen's Foreign Missions Inquiry its principles and policies, and if there are any weaknesses or errors For some weeks a group of lay- they would like to have these men have been working, on their brought to light for their own sake own initiative, upon a project for as supporters of the enterprise and a study of foreign missionary also for the sake of the movement work. Their attitude and pur- itself. pose are wholly sympathetic. They have in mind doing something that The undertaking is a spontamay help to give the foreign mis- neous and independent movement, sionary enterprise a new impetus. acting with the full knowledge and At the same time they want to approval of the Boards. The folmake any contribution they can lowing statements have been predirectly or indirectly toward pared by the Executive Committee strengthening the undertaking in of the Inquiry.

Communication to the Missions explain the Inquiry to leading mem- A group of lay men and women rep- bers of the churches so as to avoid misconceptions, and to ensure readier resenting tEhepisBcaopptailsta, nCdoPnrgersebgyattieorniaal~ response by the pastors, teachers and Methodist other workers who may later be con- sulted by the inquirers. denominations, and deeply interested in the foreign mission Boards of their churches, have offered to make pos- Details of the Plan sible a study to be undertaken in a constructive spirit, of the work, prob- On May 28, 1930, four groups, each lems and opportunities of the missionary enterprise in Japan, China and consisting of five lay men and women, India, including Burma, without expense to the Boards. The group is c?nnected respectively with the Bapcomposed of committees of five from each denomination, appointed by the tIst, Congregational, Methodist and laymen themselves, but in each instance with the full knowledge and ap- Presbyterian churches, formed themproval of the Boards. ,selves into a Committee to sponsor the The study is to be called the Laymen's Foreign Missions Inquiry. Laymen's Foreign Missions Inquiry The fact-fi'nding has been entrusted which is described below. While these to the Institute of Social and Religious Research, whose studies of the four groups were self-appointed, their Church and of Home and Foreign Missions (for example, The World common purpose was fully known and Missionary Atlas), have set a high standard. The directors of the Insti- approved by their denominational fortute are Dr. John R. Mott, President; Professor Paul Monroe, Recording eign mission societies. Secretary; Dr. Trevor Arnett, Treasurer; Dr. James L. Barton, Dr. Ken- The Committee, at its second meetyon L. Butterfield, Bishop Francis J. McConnell, President Ernest H. Wil- ing, June 12, adopted the substance of kins. The Executive Secretary is Mr. Galen M. Fisher, who is to be the gen- the following statement, but June 25, eral director of the fact-finding process. The fact-finding staff will be when the officers of the Committee met composed in part of persons experienced in methods of research sent with the executive secretaries of seven from the United States and in part of persons resident in the field. of the mission Boards, the definition The appraisal is to be made by a of the Purpose was amplified and sevcommission of eminent Christian men eral suggestions were made regarding the problems to be explored. _ At this date only the four denomi- national groups above mentioned have been fully constituted, but laymen in the United Presbyterian Church, the Reformed Church in the U. S., the Episcopal Church, and the Reformed Church in America have been invited to form similar groups.

The Executive Committee of the sponsoring Committee consists of Al- bert L. Scott, Chairman; James M.

Speers, Treasurer; Frank E. Bar- rows, Secretary; Frank A. Horne Franklin A. Warner. '

and women well versed in the church I. PURPOSE and evangelism, education, women's . The general purpose of the Inquiry work, medicine, sociology, and eco- IS to make a comprehensive, objective nomics. and penetrating appraisal of Foreign The exact methods of cooperation Missions, primarily as represented by members of the Mission will be ex- by the participating denominational plained in due time by the Director of groups in order the fact-finding staff, but it might ex- 1. To aid Christian leaders in ex- pedite matters if the Secretary of p~nd!ng, readjusting or recasting the each Mission and one or two other mIssIonary enterprise, so that it will members were appointed to give such result in making Jesus Christ more special help and counsel as may be widely and more fully known, loved called for. It would also be well to and obeyed, and will minister more

adequately to the needs of mankind in data assembled by the technical staffs accordance with His purpose and and of their own observations, inideals; and quiries and experience.

2. To aid laymen in intelligently de- There will be a general director for termining their attitude and discharg- the fact-finding study and associate ing their responsibility toward For- directors as may be required for the eign Missions. individual fields.

II. SCOPE By adopting uniform procedures and instruments for the core of the For the present, the Inquiry abroad study in all the fields it is expected will be limited to Japan, China and that much of the corresponding data India, including Burma. Data will be will be comparable and that they will gathered regarding (1) the condi- point to some signi1icant general contions of life and thought in those clusions. The plan, methodology and countries and (2) the history, achieve- presentations of data will be checked ments, aims, policies, personnel and by the Institute staff according to activities of the missionary bodies usual procedure. concerned and of the related agencies in those fields. Attention will be VI. FACT-FINDING given to both current conditions, and The Institute of Social and Relito trends during recent decades. gious Research has been engaged to III. PROBLEMS TO BE EXPLORED conduct the fact-finding and to pre- pare the results for the use of the The range of the problems to be ex- Appraisal Commission. plored is implied in the statements of Purpose and Scope. Several specific VII. SCHEDULE problems have been suggested by the It is expected that the entire In- Laymen's Committee, by the Secretaries ~f the Mission Boards, by mis- quiry will require between two and a sionaries on furlough, and by other half and three years, divided among qualified persons. To these others preliminary preparations, fact-finding, will doubtless be added as the result appraisal, and preparation of findings. of ·suggestions in the field as the In- The fact-finding is to be done during quiry proceeds. It should be said, 1930-31 and the appraisal during however, that within the short period 1931-32. allowed for the fact-finding it will obviously be necessary to focus attention VIII. RELATIONS WITH BOARDS AND on a few major problems. MISSIONS IV. DATA The Boards concerned have ex- Full use will be made of the exten- pressed full approval of the Inquiry, sive data recently assembled in other in view of the values which they anprojects, but much additional fact- ticipate will be realized for the Boards finding will be necessary. Coordina- and for the missions in each field. tion will be effected with the studies projected by the International Mis- The executive officers of each of the sionary Council and the various Na- Boards concerned will write a letter tiona! Christian Councils. to the various missions requesting their hearty collaboration and enclos- V. STAGES AND PROCEDURE ing a copy of this statement.

The study will consist of two major IX. BUDGET stages, (1) fact-finding by technical The Inquiry will be conducted withstaffs, and (2) appraisal by an Appraisal Commission of eminent per- ~ut expense to the mission Boards, sons who will visit the fields and ar- the cost of the fact-finding being rive at judgments on the basis of the borne by the Institute of Social and Religious Research and the cost of the Appraisal Commission, and all other expenses being borne by the Laymen's Committee.

Economy gain and called only 50,000

killed the rest.' The unemployment situation continues to be serious. Its effects upon "Fear is injuring business today to home and foreign missionary work a far greater degree than current conwere referred to in the August num- ditions," said the banker. ber of THE REVIEW. Another disturbing effect is being felt by the religious It is right, of course, that Christian weekly papers and the monthly mis- men and women should exercise reasionary magazines, some vf whose sonable economy. But it is odd that subscribers have written that they they should begin by penalizing the cannot afford to renew their sub- home and foreign missionary work of scriptions. their churches and the periodicals which report and promote that work As a matter of fact, the actual sit- and keep them informed regarding it. uation is not as bad as many people The subscription price of THE MISimagine. Home and foreign mission- SIONARY REVIEW, for example ($2.50), aries are receiving their full salaries means only five cents a week. Does as usual. Pastors' salaries have not anyone really need to economize by been reduced, save in a very few ex- cutting off that small sum? So far ceptional instances. Most people whose from economizing on their religious income was derived, wholly or partly, papers and missionary magazines, this from bonds and stocks are as well off is the time to stand by them not only as they were before, for the large by maintaining but increasing their majority of corporations have not re- circulation. Surely the work of God duced their dividends. People who is no less important now than forhad bought on margins, and others merly.

who have lost their positions are, of New Code of Motion Pictures course, in trouble; but presumably few of the readers of THE MISSIONARY The enormous and increasing influ- REVIEW had been speculating in the ence of motion pictures has created a stock market. problem which affects Christian A prominent banker was reported workers both at home and abroad.

in the New York Evening Post of The average weekly attendance July 16 as saying: "More than 50 per throughout the world is reported to cent of the present trouble is fear," be 250,000,000, of whom 135,000,000 and he told the following story: are in other countries and 115,000,000 "Many years ag'o the angel of death in America. Allowing for those who appeared to a powerful desert sheik are physically unable to go (children and demanded 50,000 of his followers. under five years of age, the sick, etc.) The sheik agreed to the pact on the these figures mean that a number expromise that death would take no more ceeding the entire mobile population than 50,000. In the scourge that fol- of the United States attend moving lowed 200,000 died. When the angel pictures in an average week, the miagain appeared, the sheik reproached nority who do not go being offset by him, saying: 'You agreed to take 50,- those who go more than once. There 000 and you took 200,000.' Replying, is hardly a village in the United States the angel ,said: 'I stuck to my bar- and Canada without a picture theater, 680

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

hardly a city without a dozen or more, read it to them, and told them that hardly an audience without scores, they expected the code to be observed sometimes hundreds, of children. in all pictures hereafter made. Films made in the United States give myriads of people in Asia, Africa and Responsibility of Mr. Hays South America ideas, often distorted, of the country from which the mis- It is undeniable that many harmful sionaries have come. pictures have been exhibited, and that objections to their injurious influence It is therefore a matter of interest have been well taken. It seems to us to Christians everywhere that The As- unfair, however, to lay the whole resociation of Motion Picture Producers, sponsibility for such pictures on Mr. whose eight constituent companies Hays and Mr. Milliken. They are make 95% of the films shown in the high minded Christian men who have United States, have been led by Mr. been toiling for years amid difficulties Will H. Hays and Mr. Carl E. Milli- that are little understood by the pubken, President and Secretary respec- lic. They have been vehemently optively of the Association, to adopt a posed by unscrupulous men in the new "code to maintain social and com- industry itself. Mr. Hays is not a munity values." We have not space to "Czar" with autocratic powers, as reproduce the five page pamphlet, but many people imagine. While some the following "general principles" in- well-meaning men are demanding his dicate its purpose and scope. dismissal because he has not exercised more restraint, some unscrupulous No picture shall be produced which theater managers are demanding his will lower the moral standards of those dismissal because he has exercised too who see it. Hence, the sympathy of the much; declaring that some of the audience should never be thrown to the moral films that he has been instruside of crime, wrongdoing, evil or sin. mental in having made have lost mon- ey to the exhibitors; that some of the Correct standards of life shall be pre· films against which he has protested sented on the screen, subject only to have been huge financial successes; necessary dramatic contrasts. and that if church people will not sup- port good pictures they should not Law, natural or human, should not be expect theater managers to exhibit ridiculed, nor shall sympathy be created them at a loss. If Christian men were for its violation. to succeed in their effort to put Mr. Hays out, they would play directly into Origin of the Code the hands of the baser element in the industry that is also arrayed against Several writers have called the code him, and incur the risk of having a a result of the recent severe criticisms worse man put in his place. of Mr. Hays and Mr. Milliken in several religious papers. We are reliably A Fa.ir Attitude informed, however, that the code was in preparation long before these crit- When men like Mr. Hays and Mr. icisms were made and that it would Milliken, on their own initiative, after have been published in its present the labor of several years, and against form if they had not been made at all. the vehement opposition of theater Statements have also been made that managers who consider nothing but the code is simply a meaningless "ges- box office receipts, have succeeded in ture," "a moral smoke screen" to mis- persuading the leading motion picture lead the churches, and that "it is producers to cooperate in drafting a entirely possible that most of the mov- code which could not have been more ing picture magnates have not both- satisfactory to the churches if it had ered to read it through." The fact is been written by a committee of minthat the code was worked out in Holly- isters, is it not the right course for wood in prolonged conferences between Mr. Hays and the "moving picture magnates" themselves, that they unanimously approved it, and then assembled their respective staffs,

Christian men to credit them with day of denominational colleges is passsincerity, give them moral support, ing. In this era of growing interand not ridicule them? They stand denominational fellowship there is between Christian people who object less and less disposition to encourage to demoralizing pictures and greedy small, struggling, iII-equipped denomexhibitors who profit by them and inational colleges. angrily resent interference. When they are trying to do what we want In a few states in America and in them to do, why not encourage them? some foreign fields there are denomi- national colleges that are not near A. J. B. enough to other colleges to be united with them. They represent all the op- Problem of Denominational portunity there is for higher educa- tion under Christian auspices. These Colleges colleges of course must be continued and adequately supported. It is clear Denominational colleges are having however that mission boards cannot a hard time both in America and on adequately provide for them out of the foreign field. The trend today is the general budgets on which their toward undenominational institutions evangelistic, medical and other work and state universities. The president depend. Special gifts must be sought of a small but excellent denomination- from individual donors. Board secal college, who recentry came to New retaries do what they can to help, but York to secure funds which were es- they cannot turn aside from their regsential to its continued existence, went ular work and their responsibility for away literally in tears, with not much the general budgets to become finanmore than enough to pay his carfare. cial agents for particular institutions. Union universities solve the problem In the mission field, the denomina- by boards of trustees with highly ortional colleges of the various mission ganized promotional departments. But boards are having an even harder time it is not practicable to set up separate because of distance from their supporting constituencies, lack of local boards of trustees for each of a dozen community appeal to American Chris- or more denominational colleges. tians, and the competition of government and union institutions. It is Should a given board, which has difficult enough to induce a wealthy several denominational institutions American to contribute to a denomi- under its care which cannot be united national college in his own country; with others, set up a joint committee it is still more difficult to induce him with a promotional secretary to handle to give to one in Asia or South Amer- the problem unitedly? Objections may ica. be urged to this method. But the pres- ent plan of depending upon furloughed How Is the Problem to Be Solved1 missionaries is also objectionable. It is unfair to college presidents and the We believe that one way is to unite work which they represent to bring institutions in fields where several de- them home to raise money which the nominations are trying to maintain home church ought to provide on its denominational colleges. In the case of the college president referred to own initiative. What would have been above, there are four denominational said during the World War if General colleges besides a state university in Pershing or several of his major genhis state of less than half a million people. Manifestly those denomina- erals had been called back to America tional colleges should get together. In to whip up interest in the War and the foreign field, a considerable num- raise money for the army in Europe? ber of such unions have already been consummated and others are in proc- Something, however, must be done ess of formation. It looks as if the if these colleges are to live. And we cannot afford to let them die. They are the main dependence for the sup-

ply of ministers, teachers and other are not counted in its population be- Christian workers. It is trite to say cause the state line of the Hudson that the aim of the missionary enter- River classes them in New Jersey, are prise is the establishment of a self- included, the population approximates supporting, self-governing and self- 11,000,000, the largest aggregation of propagating church; but how can people in one place in the world's his- there ever be such a church without tory. A. J. B.

an educated ministry and laity? And Can Human Nature Be Changed ?

how can an educated ministry and laity be secured unless they are Many people assert that it cannot.

trained? Secular state universities Advocates of big armies and navies are not supplying them in America, declare that we must prepare for war and government and Buddhist insti- since the instinct to fight is en- tutions are not doing so ,on the foreign trenched in human nature. Critics of field, especially as many of them are the Church and of Home and Foreign not merely non-Christian but actually Missions tell us that it is visionary to anti-Christian. The churches must imagine that the social order, indus- do this work through their Christian trial and international relations, and age old customs and beliefs can be colleges. The plain inference appears to be the merging of denominational altered; that the Sermon on the colleges into 'union institutions where- Mount is a beautiful theory but that it cannot be put into practical effect. ever there are several such colleges in a given region. This has been success- This is not only the counsel of de- spair but sheer paganism. Human nafully done in China, Korea, and several other foreign fields, and there is no ture can be changed. It is a historical valid reason why it cannot be done in fact that it has changed in the past America. A. J. B. and that it is changing today. Some Big Cities in Mission Fields evils that appeared to be impregnably According to the latest census re- embedded in human nature in former ports of the twenty largest cities in the world, five are in the United States centuries have been overcome in whole -New York, Chicago, Philadelphia, Detroit and Los Angeles in the order or in part because human nature has named; seven are in Europe-London, Berlin, Paris, Moscow, Vienna, changed. It is not long since even Leningrad and Budapest; six are in Asia-Osaka (2,333,000), Tokyo (2,- good men were ,saying that slavery 218,400), Shanghai (1,539,000), Hankow (1,500,000), Calcutta (1,327,547), could not be extirpated; that the red and Peiping (1,297,719); and two are in South America-Buenos Aires (2,- light quarters in great cities could 116,284), Rio de Janeiro (2,004,000). not be closed; that prohibition laws Whether New York or London leads is still in dispute on account of the could not be gotten through legisladiffering areas that are computed. tures and Congress; and that a dozen The five boroughs of New York report 6,955,084, and that part of London other things could not be done that which is governed by the London County Council reports 4,605,000. as a matter of fact have been done. "Greater London," that is served by Changing human nature is precisely the Metropolitan police, has 7,915,000; but if the cities and suburbs that are what the grace 'Of God does; precisely within what is known as the "Metropolitan District" of New York, but what the Church was constituted to be the agency of God in doing. Every- time an individual man repents of his sins, gives his heart to Christ, and becomes something that he was not before, hIs nature is changed. The follower of Christ should be the last person in the world to be misled by the objection that human nature can- not be changed. It can be, and, if we may be pardoned the colloquialism, it is up to him to get busy and help to change it. A. J. B.

BY MRS. F. I. JOHNSON, 150 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW

President of the Federation of Woman's Boards for Foreign Missions A CLOUD OF WITNESS'ES, 1930-1931, AS PRESENTED AT EalE DISTRICT MEETING HELD AT GIRARD, PENNSYLVANIA, APRIL 23, 1930, BY THE AUXILIARY OF FIRST METHODIST OHURCH, UNION CITY, PENNSYLVANIA (The special presentations arranged and written by Mrs. P. L. Hatch) STUDY BOOK the old, old story preached by a strange voice. ' Going to the mission A Cloud of Witnesses from whence the preacher had come, CHAPTER 1 he became a Christian and devoted General Topic.-Bible Women and Evangelists. himself to training his six children, Special Presentation of Topic.- of whom Philip-Sarah was the oldest. Twilight Reveries. She has served in all parts of the mis- Character.-Retired missionary in sion field – teaching, preaching and retrospective mood. Looks at portrait album. Selects those about whom she ministering. Her life has been above tells interesting facts. reproach. This woman in our group picture, with covered head, has had sorrow and disaster and also great It is said, somewhere, at twilight peace. She presented the Gospel with A great bell softly swings power. And one may listen and hearken Here in the front row of the photo- To the music that it rings. graph is Soubhayamma wearing the As I sit here in the gloaming, the white sari of a widow. After becomdusky hour of twilight brings to my ing a Christian, her father~in-Iaw heart the music of sweet memories. drove her from the house and she fled Turning the leaves of this old album, to the missi ,n where she teaches in portraits greet me of those whom I the hospital. How well I remember knew across the' sea. "These photo- Krupamma who, in the picture, stands graphs yield an impression of beauty with down-bent head. Although blind, of character-of peace of mind and she has learned to read. Her good usefulness of life." disposition won her many friends.

Here is the picture of a group of K. Mary Ann! There you sit with Bible Women-"most essential of na- a book in your arm. She is lame– tive women workers in mission fields." her trouble incurable. K. Mary Ann Dear Bible Women "who go about in found healing for her heart and soul homes of city and village teaching and remained to tell others what a women and children the Bible and Saviour she had found. Yes, I remem- Christian hYmns." These Bible Wom- ber her so well.

en and evangelists "who must ever And here is Mother Wang with her study to be blameless in personal life palm leaf fan! When Mr. Wang be- and character." came a Christian through hearing the Let me look again-this noble wom- Gospel at Peking, you were deteran in the center is "Philip-Sarah." mined to journey to Peking to hear Her father, passing a bazaar, heard for yourself. With a wheelbarrow for 684

METHODS FOR WORKERS

a car and a strong, sturdy son to serve Some are apostles-some are prophets as motive power, Mother Wang you -some are teachers-and some have traveled 400 miles – or the distance the gifts of healing.

across Pennsylvania. You learned to To you assembled here today, let me read – you became the first Bible quote one of the definitions of teach- Woman of the Mission, serving in ing-"Teaching is the finest of fine every district of the conference. arts. It is more noble than painting, Your beloved son became a preacher for the teacher does not represent his and was killed by the Boxers during ideal on canvas, but makes it live in the rebellion in Peking. Mother the lives of men." "It is fascinating, Wang, you have gone to your reward. because to deal with growing life, and Your last recorded testimony is this: to share in guiding it toward the life "I have trusted Jesus many years and more abundant, is the greatest busi- I shall trust Him to the end." ness in the world."

Miss Christiana Tsai, evangelist in Our Study Book tells us that with the Presbyterian Mission in Nanking, the exception of motherhood, there is China, is so smiling in thi,s photo- no vocation so natural to a normal graph. I wish I might linger with woman as teaching. "Next to the in- my memory of her, but daylight has fluence of the evangelist and Bible almost faded. woman, that of the mission teacher is I can just' distinguish this picture most important." They become train- of Selby who died a cruel death in ers of teachers who are Christian con- Persia. verts.

Here is my picture of Nyang We have time for only a few ques- Ocinda, ·sent to me by an American tions and facts or items of interest missionary in Africa. The child concerning the lives of some of the standing by Ocinda is the babe for teachers (native) in non-Christian whose life she pleaded. She goes up lands. You, who have taken notes and down the banks of the Congo tell- during the training course, will please ing the story of love. Her name will bring us a few leaves from your note- live on and on beyond the limits of books.

the African villages where she labor·s Question 1. What noted teacher so efficiently. . was a vice-principal of Isabella Tho- As I coBe this album, while the burn Col1ege1 darkness is coming on the wings of Question 2. Please quote Miss night, I can sincerely say, "No in- Singh's words spoken at Cincinnati fluence surpasses in importance that in appreciation of the work of those of the woman, be she Persian or at home.

African, Chinese or Indian, who goes Question 3. Have you an item about about among her own people telling Sarah Philip?

the Gospel story with simplicity and Question 4. Have we studied about conviction." any native teacher of JanQ~? And what do you remember about her? Leaves platform humming- "Tell it out." Question 5. Turning our thoughts CHAPTER 2 to China, has someone brought notes on Chinese teachers? General Topic.-The Teacher. Special Presentation.-"Leaves from Question 6. In northern Korea in Our Notebooks." 1884, a little girl was bor t. She was Ckaracters.-Instrudor and Mem- named Pilley Kim. Some notes surely bers of Teacher Training Class. have been preserved about her. (Enter classroom naturally.) Teacher. St. Paul in his letter to Question 7. What can you mention about "Diamond"?

the Corinthians says: "There are di- Question 8. Give name of teacher versities of gifts but the same Spirit." in Bulgaria.

Question 9. WhQ is Margaret hardships, and disappointments of my Stewart? life have taught me to help others."

Teacher. As you go from this train- She has done much to promote the ing class, may you lead others to share growth of the Church in China. in the work of the Kingdom of Love until there shall be "the reality of Miss Yi-Fang Wu was assisted, in finding themselves attuned to the her education, from mission funds innnite." contributed by Americans. She at- tended Gingling College and is now Let us all sing number 410 in the president Qf her Alma Mater.

Hymnal, beginning with the third 6. Mis-sionaries established a Chrisverse. tian school for boys at Seoul. Pilley Kim's brother attended this school Answers to Questions and became a Christian. One day he destroyed the family idols. The moth- 1. Lilavati Singh, born in India, er became an ardent Christian worker near city of Lucknow, Qf Christian -taught the Bible to Pilley and was parents. her constant companion. The new Testament was memorized and recited 2. Miss Singh -said, "I see the work by Pilley Kim who for eight years done by the members of the Women's applied herself to study. She took up Foreign Missionary Society in Amer- work in Columbia University. She is ica is in some respects even harder today, in spite of her achievements, than that of the missionaries you humble in spirit and simple in heart. send out. You have not had the joy of preaching Him to hungry souls, 7. "Almaz" means diamond and was and yet year after year you toil, some- the name given to a little Syrian girl times with an aching body and a dis- couraged heart. To you I bring the by a far-seeing and ambitiou-s Chriswords of Christ-"For I was an hun- tian mother. "She gave 47 years of gered and ye gave me drink; I was a conscientious, faithful loving service." -stranger and ye took me in." 8. Rada Pavlova is a Bulgarian 3. Sarah Philip is the daughter of whose father was killed by the Turks.

Philip Sarah, the Bible Woman. This She became a member of the Protes- Indian teacher is keen of mind and tant church and has taught many the first woman of Guntur to receive 'years in the American Mi,ssionary a B.A. degree. She was noted in the School at Monastir.

University of Madras for her thor- 9. In Africa we find Margaret ough and scientific work in astronomy. Stewart, brought up in Liberia. She 4. Ume Tsuda was one of five Jap- is an intellectual and moral inspira- anese girls to come to America for tion to her people-remarkable for her higher education. In 1898, she was persistence in well-doing.

appointed delegate to the convention CHAPTER 3 of Women's Clubs in Denver where a newspaper said of her, "She delivered General Top i a . – Physicians and one of the best five-minute speeches at Nurses.

the convention, best in composition, Special Presentation.-A Clinic.

best in delivery, grace and voice." Charaaters.-Lady Physician – Pa- She had a nne Christian character- tients and Visitors. Lady Physician her earthlJ labors have recently ended. seated at desk. Enter visitor-presi- 5. Mrs. S. T. Law has been con- dent of W. F. M. S. in "Club Corners."

nected with True Light Seminary in Visitor. "Good afternoon, Doctor, Canton, China, for 40 years. In one beautiful day, but a cold wind."

of her reports she wrote, "Three fac- Doctor. "Have a chair."

tors have made my life possible: Visitor. (Drops into chair.) "Yes, First-born into a Christian home; I am glad to sit. I am tired and second-had the opportunity of Chris- weary and worried. I am not ill, but tian education; third-the difficulties, I worry, worry night and day over our

METHODS FOR WORKERS

Mission Society. The members are in Dor;tor. "Your blood condition a state of lethargy- 'asleep at the 1s-"

switch'-you might say. Can't rouse Mrs. "Run Down." "Yes, yes, ·some of them to come to the regular Doctor-my boil just boils when I meetings. They seem to be able to go think of the large number of women to other gatherings. A lack of de- in our churches who are indifferent to cision leaves them without backbone, the great mission cause." • you understand. Their jawbone is in Doctor. "Just a moment- I will working order and some of the wish- give you a wonderful combination.

bones are always wishing ,somebody Take this bottle to your next mission- else would do their work. Now, ary meeting and give liberal amount Doctor, what would you prescribe 1" to each one. The prescription is made Doctor. "First thing, Mr·s. – – – , up of Dr. Ida Kahn's prayers and en- I would prescribe 'setting-up exer- durancEl–Dr. Ma Sam Sa's determina- cises.' Your friends need to bend tion and vitality-Dr. Kennett's smiles their knees every morning. They and the generosity of Dr. Eva de should find joy in stepping out on the Prayer."

promises. Run with patience-run Enter lady with shoulders lame and and not be weary-they should walk stiff.

and not faint. Strengthen their arms Lame Lady. "Do you think that you -reaching forth hands to the needy. could help my lame shoulders? I have These exercises will help that lethargy. borne so many burdens lately and had Then take the prescription in this to lift on raising our apportionment bottle. Have the members of your until my back feels so weak. My feet Mission Society take liberal doses of get so weary trying to go and invite Dr. Paru's mixture – part of which folks to join the missionary society.

consists of 'being filled with a desire My head doesn't feel just right either.

to help others' and combined with I guess it will take quite a lot of 'being true to her convictions of ointment and different things to right.' If you empty the contents of straighten me up."

this bottle, you will find help in Dr. Doctor. "This bandage will help to Paru's experience combined with make your head feel better. It is full something of Dr. Li's success." (Exit of the account of Dr. Esther Kim Mrs. President.) Pak's faith and courage. Here is a Enter Mrs. "Run Down" (Anemic). new liniment that will help your back "Doctor, I am in such a terrible state. -the foundation of this new com- Everything seems to be the matter pound is the power to overcome ob- with me. Maybe I need something for ,stacles – found by Nurse Araki, of my blood-tonic or something. I am Japan. This ointment will help your swamped with work-one of my neigh- shoulders-has in it, 'continued devo- bors told me to get some swamproot tion and loyalty to duty.' For your -whatever that is-but I always be- feet, I advise shoes made of the prep- lieve in consulting those whose busi- aration of the Gospel of Peace with ness it is to prescribe. What you fix which you may so run that you will up for me will be good for most of our obtain. I have here a ,sample package missionary members. Everyone has of salve for the lips. It is for phy- that rundown condition-loss of appe- sicians and nurses. It contains the tite for wholesome thing.s -lack of virtues of tenderness, devotion, and right exercises – nerves need toning self-sacrifice. I intend to use it con- up." stantly in my practice and prescribe Doctor. "Are you troubled with a it for others." (Exit all.) rash?" Scene II Mrs. "Run Down." "Why, why yes, we all get nervous and do rash The "patients" who have taken the acts." doctor's prescriptions give liberal

doses to the members at the auxiliary Lady speaks-"Here are some in- meeting when the third chapter is teresting quotations from her ad- presented. dresses. This is a good one to think CHAPTER 4 about: General Topicr-Women in Social (Reading.) "Be so busy living that and Welfare Work. you never have time to take thought of dying." Special ·Presenw,tion.-A Bouquet of Good Deeds. A bouquet of flowers Lady picks up another flower, reads is left with a friend who celebrates note attached, turns to page 133, scans her birthday. A note attached to page. "Mrs. Jo certainly has accomflowers accompanied by book (Study plished a unique piece of social serv- Book). ice."

Lady receiving flowers and book Lady finds still another note atreads the following note: tached to poppy. Reads about Mrs. Chen, of China (last paragraph, page DEAR RUTH: 138).

Today marks another happy year Lady. "ThIs book is just brimming for you. Congratulations on thi,s an- over with accounts of good deeds. niversary of your birth. May these Hardly one, striving to aid in social flowers reveal sweet thoughts of happy and welfare work, who does not have times gone by. The book and bouquet a connection with Christian missions will tell you interesting stories of or the child of a Christian family, a some of our sisters in far-off lands. product of the mission 8chool or is a brating my birthday by joining the It would give me so much pleasure under Christian auspice8. I will call if I might enroll your name as a mem- up Naomi and tell her I am celeber at our next missionary meeting. brating my birthday by joining the W. F. M. S. and I will send check for Yours with love and hopes, my dues at once." Exit to telephone. NAOMI.

A beautiful chrysanthemum: And CHAPTER 5 here is a white ribbon with W. C. T. U.

on it. Here is another note. (Reads.) General Topic. – Pastors' W i ve s, "Please turn to page 121 and review Home-Makers and Others.

the life of Kaji Yajima – pioneer in Special PresentatiDn. – A Hearty social service and famous throughout Party.

Japan and the Christian world." Characters.-Several ladies wearing (Opens book and begins reading.) hearts bearing name of a "witness" in Kaji Yajin;lR was the seventh child of Chapter 5. Hostess receiving guests. parents who possessed intelligence and character. Her original name was weHfoinsdtesms.any"Ilnovinnogn-hCeharritsstiwanholmandws~ Katsu, but at the age of 17, watching the cannot always cla,ssify – yet who, rudder of a boat as she crossed a river, above others, perhaps, exhibit the she selected the name of Kaji-meaning rudder. Her matrimonial adventure was beauty and sanctity of the home. one of shipwreck- her husband was a drunkard and unfaithful. After he died Having sent several incvoimtaeti-onps~sItorasm' she secured a position in the schools at lo?king for each to a salary of $3.00 per month. She said that education without religion is only WIves, home-makers and others."

a partial preparation for life. In 1886, A~ guests begin to arrive, the host- Madame Yajima became actively engaged in attacking the gre~t evil of in- ess mtroduces them-"Permit me to temperance. Her memorable journey to introduce (mentions some character) Washington during President Harding's who will speak a few words of her administration was the great event of work." her life. She carried a petition written on rice paper and signed by ten thousand Several characters or "witnesses" of her countrywomen. It was a petition follow. for the ending of all wars. NOTE: All special music and read- ings at this meeting, when Chapter 5

METHODS FOR WORKERS

is used, may be interspersed at this CHAPTER 6 "party." General Topie.-"The Ever-Widen- Hostess (at close of "party"). "We ing Stream." cannot measure the influence of a single life-nothing is more unprofit- Speeial Presentation.-"True Story able than to attempt to measure it. Hour." When asked for the number of his converts, a missionary answered, 'It This chapter may be presented at a is not my business to count converts- combined meeting of Auxiliary and it is my business to win them.' Standard Bearers.

"Dr. Kahn recognized the great im- A Galaxy of Stars – consisting of portance of pointing souls to the Great golden colored stars with the photo- Physician. A lawyer once said to her, graphs of all the "witnesses" mounted 'I am glad you are going back to China upon them, may be placed on the walls as a doctor. Doctors are needed more of room. than missionaries.' 'I do not think so,' answered Dr. Kahn, 'eternity is Have the most interesting of the longer than time.''' stories in Chapter 6 related by good story tellers. For example, the story of a lone woman (page 2()().

THE FOUR ISLANDS A method 'for a visual presentation of the problems and needs of the four Islsnds: Santo Domingo, Haiti, Cuba and Porto Rico. The summaries given are based on "Trailing the Conquistadores," by Samuel Guy Inman, and were prepared and presented at the Home Mis$ions Conference, Northtleld, Mass., July, 1930.

Plan: Four women impersonate the Mrs. Jonathan Cartmell, Cuba, and islands. Each one rises in turn, and, Mrs. Dan Brummitt, Porto Rico.) in first person, presents her problems and makes her plea. The following summaries are given as suggestions of what may be done. Stage Setting: Four chairs, draped in white, arranged in a semi-circle. Haiti Costumes: Each of the four women By MISS FLORENCE ALLEN is dressed to represent the flag of the island which she is impersonating. I am Haiti. I am a small republic (governed by Negroes) but, neverthe- Using a white slip as a foundation, less, I am thickly populated. In fact, white cheese cloth is draped as a I have about five hundred inhabitants Grecian robe. Flags made of cheese to the square mile. I have had a long, cloth in the proper colors are draped dark history, a time filled with petty across the front of this robe, while revolutions. I am 90% Negro and the smaller flag·s are draped across the ·other 10% is mulatto. I am mostly shoulders so as to form small capes. Catholic and my people are filled with A smallllag stuck into the hair makes superstition, ignorance and fear. You an effective headdress, but a band of have sent some Christian missionaries the flag color·s may als'o be worn to me, but there is still much superaround the head if a more elaborate stition and ignorance and fear, and I arrangement is desired. need your help.

Materials needed for each costume: In 1915, you stepped in to help me. 5 yards white cheese cloth; 2 yards I didn't want you at first. – I was of each flag color. (Navy blue cheese afraid. But you have helped me cloth is more effective than any other greatly from a material standpoint. shade of blue.) You have cancelled almost 50% of my debt and you have managed my affairs (At Northfield the costumes were in an efficient manner. But, you have made by Miss Ruth Smith. Mrs. Ed- not trained me to help myself. The ward H. Bancker impersonated Santo treaty you made with me will expire Domingo; Miss Florence Allen, Haiti; 4

in six years and then what am I going We have been on a long, long journey, to do? I want independence, of when the summer sun was hot, course, but I need to know how to manage my own affairs. "If your Through the stinging cold of winter we help is extended in the spirit of have made a weary tramp. brotherhood, tomorrow for me will be full of promise." Gone where duty called us, in the midst of shell and shot, But the evening shades are falling, Soon, we'll all go into camp.

Cuba No hurried aid-de-camp in regulation blue By MRS. JONATHAN CARTMELL Brings the orders that we cannot disobey. My people appreciate fully that you No listening ear can catch the words of the United States have helped them That come to me and you to win their freedom. But, I am ask- That marks the ending of our earthly ing for the annulment of the Platt Amendment. I am dependent upon day. you, but you are also dependent upon Well, we must obey the order, me, because I am only as far from When it comes, we know not how. the United States as Philadelphia is And in marching order light we'll form from New York. and tramp I am one of the most religiously For our guide will surely lead us where the peaceful waters flow. Friends, the shades of night are falling, Soon we'll all go into camp.

enslaved countries of the world. The Santo Domingo (An Allegory) Bible was entirely prohibited within my borders and holding a Protestant By MRS. EDWARD H. BANCKER service was against the law. The other day, some of you heard me say, "I am Christopher Columbus," As late as 1898, when victims of the but, like the little boy who made up Maine disaster were to be buried, my his own bear story, I "ist said that." laws prohibited the reading of Prot- And, now, I want you to believe that estant burial services over the Protes- I am Santo Domingo. tant dead.

A central office and bookstore of I am very old, but I am Phrenix, and the American Bible Society is now I want you to watch me rise from my located in Havana and lines of in- own ashes. But while you are waitfluence reach from there to all parts ing to see the metamorphosis let me of me. tell you a little of my story.

One woman, in a remote part of me, In the long ago of childhood I had found Christ. And as a result of her not many things, but I knew it notwork there are now two Christian or at most, was uncaring. My dress churches. was of green velvet, my front porch the blue-green sea. Then came the I ask for teachers and missionaries. foreigner from far-off Spain. He But what you do for me must be done lured me; I accepted him. He showed quickly.

Did you hear the voices calling me some of his jewels. He asked me To the boys who wore the blue? for mine. But he tired of me when Did you note the quiet way they're break- I had given him my all, and he left me, to look into other eyes and take ing camp? other jewels from my cousins in No ringing shouts of orders cut the eve- Florida and Mexico and Peru.

ning silence through, No call of bugle thrills the evening damp.

Just sets us all to thinking (when we Though I was worn and weary and take the time to think), for,saken, I clung to some of the things he had left me, for they opened Makes us wonder as we watch life's dim- a little window into a world I had not ming lamp, known. Others came and went, and some hurt me and others opened my When the call will come to us, window a little wider. When our feet will press the brink On the rivers of the waters of our ever- lasting camp.

METHODS FOR WORKERS

Years and years, hundreds of them, Porto Rico went by, and then a new suitor came. By CHARLOTTE ANDERSON And I have watched him, oh so carefully, and tried to find out whether I am Porto Rico. Although I am he is worthy or not. very beautiful, that i.s not the thing you notice about me. You can't help He says that I am a child, and .some- but see my people-420 of them to a times he has been very stern with me. square mile. They are keen, alert and I don't like him when he is that way. brainy when given a chance. But look He is quite an old man and he has at my children. Over 60% of them sons who want to play with me—or are near starvation. They are sufferflirt with me (for I think I am grow- ing from disease, poverty and lack of ing up a little now). And I am not education. How Can I ever come into quite sure whether it is me or hi,s the rich heritage that should be mine sons whose interests he really has at if my children do not have a chance heart. Some of them I don't like at to become strong, noble men and all. I'm sure they are selfish. But, women. lately, there have been others who seem kind and sincere, and they are You tell me that Christ is the Fatelling me that their father is like that ther of all. Won't you bring this -that he wants me to grow up and great, good Father to my children th~t respect myself and him and all the they may have their chance to be chilworld, so that I can make all the world dren of whom the Father and I may respect me. If they haven't made me be proud?

actual presents (indeed some of them A list o( blackboard and other helps for visualizing the chapters of "Trailing the have) they have showed me how to Conquistadores," Samuel Guy Inman. make many useful- and some beau- 1. "The Cradle of America." tiful- things for myself, and their A map drill showing how Santo father has loaned me money to do Domingo was the central point these things and tried to show me how of the early explorations and is to manage so that paying back won't thus "the cradle of America." be so very hard. 2. "The White Man's Burden." Some of his sons have tried to open A Conquistadore holding a cross my window very, very wide, so that I in one hand and a lash in the may see what they call the "Son of other. Man," and "Christ the Lord," and they tell me that He can take away all my 3. "The New Caribbean." troubles-all sickness ana pain in my A blackboard design of three large question marks over the body-and that other pain that seems inscription "Whither?"

to hurt in my heart. And that I can 4. "The Dance of the Millions."

be a partner with Him and help other A blackboard design of $$$$$ people to lose their troubles, too. in grotesque attitudes.

People tell me that you are daugh- 5. "The Curse on Ham." ters of my suitor. Now tell me truly, An African drum. as one woman to a distracted sister, can I believe him? Will his selfish 6. "Romance Turned to Roads." sons wear my life away, or are the A design showing a main road kind ones giving me the true picture leading off in various directions of their father? with the words, "Friendly Co- operation" printed on each road. Oh sister,s, I am about to cast myself into the fire! When my Phrenix 7. "Overpopulation and Underfeedarises from the ashes, will you surely ing."

be there to greet and sustain me and A U. S. flag over a picture of the children of one of the 1,700 Porto Rican school lunch rooms, help me to my destiny? eating their one meal a day.

8. "Conquistadores of Today." native boats in the harbor. Small Two statutes: "The Statute of paper figures of the missionaries and Liberty" and "The Christ of the natives were dotted here and there Andes," at opposite ends of the over the island. The center of attrac- blackboard with words "Conquis- tion on the island, however, was a hut tadores of Spirit" written be- built of loaf sugar with a thatched neath. roof made of plug tobacco (showing, of course, two of the chief products of 9. "The Cradle of America." the island) . Small paper tropical (This method is given in detail flowers, tobacco plants, date palms and so that it may suggest the pro- mahogany trees grouped artistically cedure in developing the others around the island, completed a color- given.) ful and educational exhibit of the products of Haiti. A large map of the world is tacked against the wall. Members of the Usable notes taken on an address by group tell the conquests made by the Governor Roosevelt of Porto Rico at a different men. For instance, when a recent banquet in New York City. member of the class says, "Columbus went fr·om Genoa, Italy, to Santo "The extraordinary thing is how Domingo," the one who is conducting little we know of Porto Rico. This is the drill attaches a ribbon of ship tape a g·orgeous piece of thoughtlessness on or serpentine to the proper points on our part. We have not even recogthe map with silver seals, showing the nized that they are our fellow citiroute covered by Columbus. This zens." same procedure is followed for all of the conquests and explorations. All The Porto Ricans are keen, alert of these tapes touch Santo Domingo. and brainy. They are, however, At the close of the drill, a large cradle struggling against a trinity of diffimade from cardboard, painted an at- culties: disease, poverty and lack of tractive color and labeled "Santo education. Domingo" is placed on the floor or table in front of the map and the ends DISEASE of all of the tapes are brought from "Santo Domingo" on the map and Consumption: If this disease is not dropped into the cradle. checked it will become a plague. If money can be secured to fight it on PRODUCTS PROJECT the front line we can keep up with it.

One of the projects that is helpful Malaria: This disease is a plague in studying "Trailing the Conquista- at the present time. dores" by Samuel Guy Inman, is a products project which may take the Hook Worm: There are 600,000 form ·of a products map, products ex- cases of this disease on the island at hibit or products poster. the present time.

The prize winning products project POVERTY at the Northfield Summer School of Home Missions was made on a card- $100 to $150 is the average income. board foundation, but could be re- Over 60% of the population are unemproduced as a sand table exhibit. A ployed and over 60% of the children relief map of the islands of Santo are undernourished and near starva- Domingo and Haiti was made from tion. The usual breakfast is coffee green paper and was surrounded by without cream or sugar. The school the blue Caribbean Sea. lunch is the only other meal most of them get. One father, when he was The ship which brought the mis- asked why he did not send his two sionary to Santo Domingo and Haiti youngest children to the school lunch was shown on the sea, as well as some replied that he thought it was wrong to take the lunches from those of school age.

METHODS FOR WORKERS

LACK OF EDUCATION Usable facts taken from an address given by Dr. lose Padin, Commissioner of While there are 550,000 of school Education of Porto Rico, at a recent banage, only 250,000 attend school. quet in New York City.

"That which keeps many poor to The population of Porto Rico is one make one rich, becometh not a com- and a half million, which means that monwealth."-CromweU. there are 420 people to the square mile of territory. Porto Rican families Possibilities average eight in number.

1. Export of sugar, tobacco, and vege- Of this total population, 600,000 tables in the summer and fall, and are children below fourteen years of canning of vegetables for winter. age. The death rate is two and a half (The foundation of the house in times as great as in the United States. which Governor Roosevelt lives Two hundred thousand of these chil- was laid a hundred years before dren are undernourished. To care for the landing of the Pilgrims at this condition, 1,700 lunch rooms have Plymouth Rock.) been established in the schools. Porto Rico provided $100,000 and the United 2. Practical Education. States has given $75,000 so that 50,- Boys-20,000 experiment gar- 000 children may be given one meal dens are now underway with a day at an average cost of five cents chickens, pigs, etc., for prizes. a meal. Shoe making and furniture making. Heretofore we have Dr. Padin believes that this work been training them for jobs that will be entirely supported by the do not exist. island within five years. Girls–cooking and embroidery. PETITION 3. Social Centers-Fairs. These rural units cost approxi- By ELIZABETH DAVIS RICHARDS mately $10,000. Give me the gift of laughter, oh, I 4. Farm Bureaus. pray, More outside work and less desk work. Though tears should hover near, Give me the gift of laughter for each 5. Markets. day- 6. Industrial Centers. Laughter to cast out fear. No raw material, but a water haul to every market. With Hope to greet the coming of each dawn, 7. Health Units. One doctor and one nurse in And Faith that never dies, each unit. Give me the gift of laughter, oh, I Children are the cornerstone on praywhich a nation is built; an under- Laughter instead of sighs. nourished child is a crumbling cornerstone. He Loves Them All Latin America will be more easily (Recitation for a small boy or girl) influenced by friendship than by col- With Him there is no red or black, umns of figures. No Chinese, French or Dutch, The University of Porto Rico For all are His dear children should be a Pan-American University -school of tropical medicine, school And He loves us all so much. of tropical agriculture. The boys and girls in Africa Duty, decency, interest of U. S. in And the little ones in Spain our own future, are the trinity to Are all just "loved ones" in His sight, battle against disease, poverty, lack of educational opportunities. For to Him we're all the same. So we who would like Jesus grow, May do our part, though small, In helping make a happy world By being kind to all.

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN

EDITED BY FLORENCE G. TYLER, 419 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK, AND FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 EAST 22D STREET, NEW YORK Executive Secretaries of the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions and Council of Women for Home Missions THE WORK OF THE COMMITTEE South America, there is a good paper ON CHRISTIAN LITERATURE in Spanish. The great event of this year, so far as periodicals is concerned, By HELEN BARRETT MONTGOMERY is the establishment of a new magazine for children in Korea. The magazine One of the most fascinating bits of is entitled The Child World and is work undertaken by the Federation made by enlarging a small paper of Woman's Boards of Foreign Mis- sions is that done by the Committee printed by the Sunday School Associaon Christian Literature among Women tion and securing the cooperation of and Children in Mission Fields. The the Committee on Christian Literature work of the Committee assumes a in Korea, so that the two organizations special importance at this time; the will together be responsible for an enwhole field of Christian Literature larged, illustrated and altogether more will be judged by the Jerusalem Con- interesting magazine. ference as one of the most important now being cultivated by the Christian Our Committee on Christian Literforces of the world. Since his return ature raised the funds for this last summer. The work of our Committee from his last journey around the was presented and the statement was world, John R. Mott has stressed the made that a request for Korea had importance of the preparation of prop- been received, asking us to help them establish a paper for children similar er literature for our converts as one to those that we are printing in other of the major task awaiting Chris- tians. countries. The speaker stated that We women are prJud of the pioneer under our present budget it was im- part we have played in this enterprise. possible for us to respond favorably We began to do what we could soon to this request since the papers that after the Edinburgh Conference and we were already subsidizing in Japan, have been working ever since. We China, South America, Turkey and were fortunate in our first Chairman, India took all the funds that we could Miss Alice M. Kyle, who did not wait raise. After the meeting, some $600 for funds to accUl IUlate but started was given to the Chairman, $500 from promptly the printing of a magazine one giver. Later another generous for children in China entitled Happy donor added $300, and small contribu- Childhood. tions made up the $100 needed. The joyful word was at once sent to Korea We have now quite a flock of peri- and we can know that we have started odicals. There is Happy Childhood on its way another venture of faith. having the circulation which now in- India is calling loudly for another sures its reading by approximately Treasure Chest to be written in Teluone miIlion Chinese; the Treasure gu, for a great constituency num- Chest, undertaken in India, is now bering more than twenty million printed not only in its original Eng- people where there is no periodical of !ish, but in four different vernaculars, any kind for children. The little chilreaching some thirty-five thousand dren of the Philippines, too, want their readers; in Turkey we have recently succeeded in starting a magazine for paper, and Africa is beginning to voung peoDle entitled, Mouhit; and in agitate.

694 Another interesting feature of the they would communicate with her, work of the Committee is the publication of valiant Christian books in the and then started across the road to various vernaculars. Last year Mabel Thurston's Adventure of Prayer was Betsy Moody Cottage. On the way translated into Burmese under the auspices of the Christian Literature over she met Miss Laura M. White, Committee of Burma. Our Committee furnished the subsidy that made this that great missionary of the Methodist possible, $300, which provided for the translation and issuance of an edition Board, who has been in China for of one thousand copies. Sale of the books will provide for further editions. thirty-five years. Miss White said: The translation of The Adventure of Prayer into Chinese has just been com- "Oh, Mrs. Montgomery, I have just pleted and the money sent forward. It would be a wonderful thing if some been reading From Jerusalem to Jeruperson would as a memorial provide for the issuance of The Adventure of salem, and I think it is just the book Prayer in Japanese. It might cost a little more than $300 as wages and which our Chinese Christians need. costs in general are higher in Japan, but think what it would mean to in- They have no background, you know, sure the placing in the hands of Japanese Christians of this wonder- they do not know the story of how ful and stimulating book on the art of prayer. Christianity progressed from land to One of the most interesting inci- land. I just want to translate it. Do dents of the year in regard to the work of our Committee happened in you suppose your Committee could Northfield. At that great summer school, a presentation of the needs of get the money for me?" I said to her: Christian Literature is always made and an offering devoted to the needs of "The Lord has already attended to the Committee. At the close of this meeting, the chairman was walking that, Miss White, and has sent His out through the lobby where Miss M. H. Leavis had charge of the great messenger to tell me that $300 is waitdisplay of books and pamphlets issued by the Central Committee for the ing to be appropriated." United Study of Foreign Missions. Miss Leavis said: "I want to secure Miss White has already returned to the printing of one of the books of the Central Committee in Chinese. I China, and there has associated with read that a year or two ago, as a memorial to Mrs. Cronk, her book herself one of the wonderful young Brave Adventu'lles, was translated into Chinese by one of her friends. I have college graduates of China, Miss Mary been saving the money, and I am ready to give it as a thank-offering Liu, who was graduated from Ginling to provide for another of the Central Committee's books." The chairman last June. She is to be Miss White's thanked her, assured her that when the Committee met in November, they Chinese helper in the translation. would make a selection of a book and There is a very interesting story connected with this young Chinese woman. When Mrs. Peabody and I were going around the world we came to Nanking in the spring of 1914.

There we saw a little slave girl, who had been rescued by the Christian hospital. Owing to injuries which she had received at the hands of her for- mer owner, it ha hpp.n necessary to amputate both hel 'nd her hands.

A money compem _or the injury had been made whic. mt;n the bank a fund sufficient to prl ide for the education of the child. 'nen we saw her, she was about eip- t years old.

The sullen and fearful lttle creature who shrank from all co; tacts had been replaced by a sunny child, who had already received the Lord Jesus in her heart, and had lJegun her educa- tion. Artificial legs had been pro- vided for her, and she had learned to use her poor maimed wrists in a won- derful way. The stump of her right thumb enabled her to hold a Chinese brush, and with this she learned to

write with wonderful facility, so that Miss White's indefatigable committee today she is able to finish about twelve of women is doing in China, is to prohundred Chinese characters in her vide for the translation of suitable beautiful chirography in two hours exercises and pageants for Christmas and a half. It takes the ordinary and Easter. The cost of getting one translator about eight hours to finish of these written or translated is only that number of Chinese indeographs. about $100, and this ensures the speaking of the message of Christ to Mary Liu decided that she could do thousands of people. Was it not a whatever any other girl could do, and lovely thought that led the friends of so she has learned to run the sewing Mrs. Cronk to provide for the passmachine. She manages to cut out and ing on of her thought about the prayer make her own clothes, and she has life of children into Chinese? There learned many other womanly accom- is many another believer mourning the plishments. She has two books to her loss of a friend who could make one credit, although she graduated from of these living memorials for her or college only a year ago. For years for him, among the people whom they she has cherished the ambition to be- will never know. An instance of a come an editor and it seems likely living memorial was the translation of now that she will be made the editor of One Girl's Influence into Japanese. the Chinese magazine for women and The story was written by Robert E. girls, published by the committee of Speer in regard to a young college which Miss Laura M. White is the girl, Louise Andrews, who used to atchairman. Is not the story of this tend the summer conferences in girl a wonderful illustration of the Northfield. The book was written for Providence of God? It seems like private circulation only, but edition the story of Joseph. His only way after edition has been demanded until into freedom and power lay through the sale has reached fifty thousand the pit into which his brothers copies in America, and now the book cast him, and the slavery which he is going into other languages. The endured in Egypt. What God allowed translator in Japan was a young colto happen to Mary Liu looked like lege girl of wealth who was dying of cruelty, and yet her only way into tuberculosis. She had been educated an enlarged and a wonderfully useful in this country and here had read the life lay through that abuse which she story of One Girl's Influence. Her suffered as a slave girl. book, written during her illness, was published after her death by the Chris- Another English book which has tian Literature Society in Japan, unbeen translated this year is The Storry der the title Louise, and here, too, it of Jesus as Told by His Four Friends. has had the same blessed influence In this book I have arranged the inci- among girls that it had in the original. dents and the teachings of the four Gospels in their chronological order, One of the interesting things acso bringing into one the stories told complished this year has been the by the four evangels. The transla- writing of a dramatic sketch by Laura tion is phrased in the language of M. White. It is entitled A Day in the everyday speech, and the story writ- Office and contains the story of the ten particularly for the needs of adoles- happenings of an average day in the cents. The entire cost of translation regular work of our committee in and publishing the first edition of one Shanghai. The sketch is most interthousand amounted to only $300. esting and intimate, with touches of After the initial cost, the cost of suc- humor. It is easy to present and ceeding editions will be paid for out carries a real message of what is beof the sale of copies. Negotiations are ing accomplished through the Chrisnow going on in Japan and India to tian Literature Committee in one secure further translations. land. We are hoping another year to One of the interesting things which

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

present another sketch of work ac- Fields. Let us ask great things from complished in India or Japan. The God, and expect to receive great things Committee published this sketch in from God. We need more personal the hope that it might be widely used givers; we need more money for this throughout America to make concrete purpose from all the Boards; we need to many the work that the Committee new translators and new writers of was trying to do. It can be obtained original matter in all the vernaculars. without cost at the office of the Com- The Committee needs fresh faith and mittee, 419 Fourth Avenue, New courage to go forward. Will not thou- York City. Many are planning to give sands of women and girls give this most precious gift of believing prayer the little sketch before the World Day to the Committee and its work? of Prayer, and to present the proceeds IBLESSED ARE THE PEACE. as a gift at that time in the interest of Christian literature. The little MAKERS play takes less than half an hour to present-about twenty minutes-and Matthew 5: 9 could be given by hundreds of young people's societies, women's clubs, This program which takes one hour and a half, has been prepared by the church dramatic leagues and the like. Committees on International Relations In addition to this new dramatic of the Federation and Council for a sketch, the Committee publishes a Woman's Society, Young People's Group, number of brief inserts that can be or any denominational or interdenomihad freely by anyone desiring to use national group interested in Internathem in letters to broadcast the needs tional Relations. It is suggestive and and opportunities of, the Committee. flexible, and should be developed accord- ing to local conditions. A mimeographed One of the ambitious hopes of the list of study courses, also short discus- Committee is to secure in as many sion courses-some in the form of quescenters as possible a Christian Litera- tions and answers-which are suitable ture Auxiliary that shall be interde- for program meetings, may be secured nominational and simple. It is planned from the Federation or Council for 5 to have only one meeting a year, and cents. at that meeting have the members come together, contribute their an- 1. Devotional Service. (15 minutes.) nual dues of $1, listen to the latest news about the Committee, and then 1. Hymn: Tune, The Blessed have nothing more to do for a year, to help along the great work that the Home. Committee is organized to do. There are few towns where an enterprising Thy Kingdom come, 0 Lord, woman could not bring together once Wide circling as the sun; a year a group of women of all denominations for such a meeting. Any- Fulfill of old Thy word, And make the nations one; one who is interested in the matter may correspond with the Chairman of One in the bond of peace, the Committee, Mrs. William A. Mont- The service glad and free gomery, who may be reached at 419 Fourth Avenue, New York City. Of truth and righteousness, Of love and equity. The greatest need of the Commit- Speed, speed the longed for time tee, as of all other Christian commit- Foretold by raptured seers– tees, is for more believing and faithful prayer, and every reader of these The prophecy sublime, The hope of all the years; words is urged to take as a subject for daily prayer the work of the Com- Till rise at last, to span Its firm foundations broad, mittee on Christian Literature among Women and Children in Mission The commonwealth of man, The City of our God.

2. Jesus condemned war in substi· tuting the Gospel of Love as the Way of Life. Beginning with the beatitudes He ex- tolled all the anti-war vir- tues; meekness, merciful- ness; peace; love of ene- mies and racial foes; John 15: 17; Matthew 19: 16-19. Matthew 5 can be made the

basis of a short talk on this it, this earth of thine has been defiled theme or be used as a re- sponsive Scripture reading. with the blood of man shed by his brother's hand, and the centuries sob 3. Prayer for Peace concluding with ceaseless horror of war. Ever the with Lord's Prayer in uni- pride of kings and the covetousness of son. the strong has driven peaceful nations II. Interrelationship between Missions to slaughter. Ever the songs of the past and Peace. and pomp of armies have been used to inflame the passions of the people. Our III. Some of the Ways to Ensure Peace. spirit cries out to thee in revolt against it, and we know that our righteous anger Machinery, attitudes, etc. is answered by thy holy wrath. Break thou the spell of the enchant- IV. Responsibility of Christians to Foster the "Will to Peace." ments that make the nations drunk with the lust of battIe and draw them on as V. Hymn: Tune, Pentecost. willing tools of death. Grant us a quiet Let there be light, Lord God of and steadfast mind when our own nation Hosts, clamors for vengeance or aggression. Strengthen our sense of justice and re- Let there be wisdom on the earth! gard for the equal worth of other peoples and races. Grant to the rulers of nations Let broad humanity have birth! faith in the possibility of peace through Let there be deeds, instead of justice, and grant to the common people boasts! a new and stern enthusiasm for the cause of peace. Bless our soldiers and Within. our passioned hearts in- still sailors for their swift obedience and their willingness to answer to the call The calm that endeth strain of duty, but inspire them none the less and strife; with a hatred of war, and may they Make us Thy ministers of life; never for love of private glory or ad- Purge us from lusts that curse vancement provoke its coming. May our young men still rejoice to die for their and kill. country with the valor of their fathers, Give us the peace of vision clear but teach our age nobler methods of To see our brothers' good dur own, matching our strength and more effective To joy and suffer not alone; w aoy st hoof ug iving our life for the flag. stron g Father of all nations, The love that casteth out all fear! draw all thy great family together with Let woe and waste of warfare an increasing sense of our common blood cease, and destiny, that peace may come on That useful labor yet may build earth at last, and thy sun may shed its Its homes with love and laugh- light rejoicing on a holy brotherhood ter filled! of peoples.- Walter Rauschenbusch, in God give Thy wayward children "Prayers of the Social Awakening."

peace! II, III, and IV may be developed In three 15 minute talks, or III and IV may be com- VI. DisCIU8sion: The Outgrowth of bined In a 20 or 25 minute talk. the Talks. Materials for Development of Topics 1. Do the women of our commu- nity really desire a world For Topic I: The Words of Je8US organized for Peace? commonly quoted for or against war. Pages 19-41. Federal Council of 2. What new machinery must we Churches, 105 East 22d St., New York. build to organize a world for 15c. peace? For Topic II: On Earth Peace. Sym- 3. How can the church and church posium; published by The Central Com- women help? mittee on the United Study of Foreign Missions for the Federation of Woman's 4. How can the women of our Board of Foreign Missions and Council town cooperate to develop of Women for Home Missions. Order right international and in- from Mission Boards or Miss M. H. terracial attitudes and a Leavis, P. O. Box 4, North Cambridge, constructive program for Mass. 20c. Peace Education? For Topics III and IV: Building In- VII. Closing Prayer for Peace. (Use ternational Good-Will." Symposium. Mac- the following.) millan, New York. $1.50.

Prayer Against War The New World Road Guide. League of Nations Association, 6 East 39th o Lord, since first the blood of Abel St., New York. lOc.

cried to thee from the ground that drank

Helpful Pamphlets ness Day. In connection with the ob- servance of this day last year at Christianity's Supreme Rival by Harry Chengtu, West China, the staff of the Emerson Fosdick, Riverside church, New United Church hospital were asked to York. IDe. prepare a sketch to be given at the demonstration in the city park. The The Sword or the C'ross by Kirby matter was regarded of such great im- Page. Doran, New York. 15c. portance that two days were devoted to it. From a letter written by Miss Arbitration-The Only Substitute for L. G. Hartwell, West China Mission, War. Committee on the Cause and Cure we learn some particulars regarding of War, 1511 Grand Central Terminal methods used in this serious effort to Bldg., New York. 15c. promote the public health of the coun- try. A Ten Year Review of the League of Nations. 145 page pamphlet. League 'Jf "On Wednesday," says Miss Hart- Nations Association, 6 East 39th St., well, "students lectured in the tea New York. 15c. shops and on street corners, and scat- tered pamphlets, pasted up posters, So This Is War. A study of popular- etc. The exhibition buildings had speized Military Training. Committee on cial exhibits. Dr. Williams, in charge Militarism in Education, 387 Bible of our laboratory, sent one of the Chi- House, Astor PI., New York. 15c. nese technicians with a microscope to examine specimens of sputum, and Peace Education in Your Church. show slides on bacteria. There were What one church has done to cultivate also pictures and posters showing the International Goodwill. Federal Coun- havoc of pathogenic germs. cil of Churches, 105 East 22d St., New York. Free. "On Thursday there was a mass meeting in the park and the generals National Committee on the Churches and leading men of the city spoke on and World Peace, 105 East 22d St., New cleanliness. York: "In the afternoon a public concert Making the Peace Pact Effective. was given in the park. Our nurses Reading and Study Course. 15c. put on a sketch showing a model Pub- lic Health Tuberculosis Center. 1st Second Study Conference on the scene: A clinic with doctors and pub- Churches and World Peace. Syllabus. lic health nurses in attendance; 2d l5c. scene: A nurse visiting an unhygienic home; 3d scene: a nurse visiting a A Message to the Churches from the hygienic home; 4th scene: A patient Second Study Conference. 5c. in a sanatorium being cured by hos- pital methods. A Message to the Churches from the Third Study Conference. 5c. "A few days later the annual Baby Welfare Week was held at the Y. W. National League of Women Voters, C. A. Talks were given on the feeding 1015 Grand Central Terminal Bldg., of children from two to four years old. New York: There were object lessons in prepar- ing vegetables, fruits and cereals in The Root Formula and the World the way they should be eaten. The Court. 10c. mothers were deeply interested."

What Do You Know About Naval Dis- It can readily be seen that all this armament? 50. work is an important part of that min- istry of healing which is carried on in The Multilateral Treaty. 5c. the name of Him who went about "healing all manner of sickness and Other good and inexpensive pamphlets disease among the people." may be obtained from: Commission on International Justice and Goodwill, Federal Council of Churches, 105 East 22d St., New York.

League of Nations Association, 6 East 39th St., New York.

National League of Women Voters, 1015 Grand Central Terminal Bldg., New York.

National Council for the Prevention of War, 532 17th St., N. W., Washington, D. C.

PUBLIC HEALTH WORK IN WEST CHINA A feature of the public service which has been introduced by tbe new Nationalist Government in China is the institution of a National Cleanli-

Gandhi

Educational Commission to India THE following facts concerning Mahatma Gandhi are from Sailen- THE Executive Committee of the dra Anth Ghose, a fellow countryman: Federal Council of Churches at its "Gandhi was born to luxury and ease. April meeting gave further attention His father was the prime minister of to the appointment of the American a native Indian state, receiving the members of the commission which is lavish emoluments f()r which India is to go to India for the coming winter famous. When he departed from the to study Christian education. The family home, however, to complete his British members of the commission education at Trinity Inn in London are Canon A. W. Davies and Dr. Nicol he dedicated himself to work, was Macniool. Dr. A. D. Lindsay of Balliol graduated with honors, and was adis to be chairman. The India members mitted to the bar. Gandhi and his are Dr. S. K. Datta and Dr. S. N. wife were each thirteen years old Mukarji. when they married. Since their adult life they have been constantly at each Dr. William J. Hutchins, president other's side. They have four children. of Berea College, and Dr. William Gandhi's mother was an orthodox Adams Brown of Union Theological Hindu and confirmed pacifist. It was Seminary, have accepted the invita- from her counsel that he drew the tion to be the American members of principles of which he has become a the commission. It is proposed that the great exponent."-Christian Century. American members shall sail from New York on October 22d for Eng- Industrial Missionary Work land where, after a week of conference with government officials and repre- I NDI~N ~hristians are increasing sentatives of missionary agencies, the rapIdly III numbers. All of them we,stern members of the commission cannot be paid preachers and teachers will sail for India, with the exception even if they were fitted for this work. of the chairmen whose departure, due And it would most certainly be a disto inescapable engagements, will be grace for all our Indian Christians to slightly delayed. It is anticipated that be supported by our American and the commission will complete its work English friends. This is the reason in India before April 1, 1931. why we have started the industrial work. We must train our Indian A carefully worked out question- Christians to be entirely self-supportnaire designed to secure much basic ing. information regarding the various institutions to be studied was sent out The industrial work is on its way to India and it is expected that the to be self-supporting, but when we replies from this study will be tabu- take in new converts who cannot tell lated in time for ,study by the com- the difference between a hammer and mission be:f'ore it reaches India. Thus a screw-driver, they need a little help a great deal of time will be saved for in the beginning. It is the ignorant the members after their arrival in ones who need training more than the India and a considerable item of ex- others. On the average six months pense obviated.

700

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training will make a man self-sup- venerable Christian who lived worthy porting. After this with a year or two of his high calling and in all he was more of training, he can earn a good salary to keep himself and take care and did brought honor to his brethren of a family if he has one. Then it is and his faith.-Indian Witness. our hope these trained and self-supporting Christians will support their Mr. Chelliah on India Christian pastor and help their more unfortunate feUow Christians.-Let- MR. J. V. CHELLIAH, vice-printer, W. K. Norton, Benares. cipal of J affna College in Ceylon and President of the United Church Historic Figure Passes in India of Christ in South India, brought RAJA SIR HARNAM SINGH died in Simla on the 20th of May. He cheering news from India, en route was born in 1851 and was the second son of the late Maharaja of Kapur- to the C.ongregational meetings in thala. The present generation knew him as the Grand Old Man of the Bournemouth. He thinks the influence Christian community in northern India. At seventy-nine years he retained of Christ has swept far beyond the his courtly bearing and his interest in matters of vital importance to the church membership. "If there are Christian c.ommunity. For some years he has been quite naturally, 5,000,000 Christians in India meassomewhat withdrawn from the center of activities but in his day he was a ured by church membership, there stalwart figure in the religious and political councils of the land. must be 50,000,000 whose lives are in- Some twenty-five years ago he was fluenced by Christian ideals." He made a member of the old Imperial Legislative Council and has continued quotes a recent book by a Hindu auto hold membership in the Central Legislature. In honors he was abun- thority outlining Hinduism and indant. He was made C. I. E., and in 1900 was made K. C. I. E. The title cluding one great principle of Chrisof Raja was received in 1907 and the title was made hereditary in 1922. tianity after another, and thinks that Over a period of fifty years he was the conversion .of Hinduism to apa prime mover in the many brilliant functions and receptions that had prove the deep things in Christ goes taken place in Kaisarbagh. He was greatly honored and respected by his on apace. He knows many prominent associates for his sterling character. Hindus who gladly accept the beauty As a Christian leader he held positions of honor and responsibility in and the leadership of Jesus but who his own church, the Presbyterian, and outside. He joined heart and hand in hold back from the technical step of the labors of the men who did so much in the building up of Methodist insti- baptism and church membership betutions in Lucknow about the end of the last century and the beginning of cause of the persecution and social this. strain it produces with their Hindu We wish to bring our word of appreciation, to be added to those that neighbors.-American Board Quarwill be expressed by others, of this terly News Bulletin. .

ISLANDS ProcllUllation on Reunion ARECENT proclamation on reunion was made to the Church of Eng- land in Australia by official represent- atives of the Presbyterian, Methodist and Congregational Churches in Aus- tralia. The statement opens with the greeting: "We rejoice in the noble vision of a reunited church, presented in the appeal to all Christian people by the archbishops and bishops assembled in the Lambeth Conference of 1920; and as duly appointed representatives of our several churches we are ready at all times as opportunity offers and as the will of our one Lord and Master shall be discONered, to give effect to

that appeal. The ideal of a church temptations that a work was begun 'genuinely Catholic, loyal to all truth, which has grown to its present promand gathering into its fellowship all ising condition. The work has far who profess and call themselves Chris- reaching possibilities, as the boys will tians, within whose visible unity all carry back to their heathen homes a the treasures 'of faith and order, be- knowledge of the Saviour. queathed as a heritage by the past to the present, shall be possessed in com- Much of the material for the church mon and made serviceable to the whole building was donated by leading busi- Body of Christ,' is an ideal true, we ness firms in Rabaul.-Baptist Misbelieve, to the will of God, and there- sionary Review. fore one for which we feel a deep and solemn obligation to strive." Sillim.an Institute, Philippines Methodists Extend Work T HE most influential Protestant In- stitution of learning is Silliman In- THE Methodist Episcopal Mis-sion stitute at Dumaguete, on Negros in Hawaii has extended its work Island. In location, acreage, buildto 95 preaching places. Twenty-three ings, equipment and sanitary arrangeof its workers are orientals. Three ment, this institution is a most new churches have been erected, and attractive contrast to the private unifive orientals were ordained recently versities in Manila. Its library of to the ministry. Four of these men 8,000 volumes administered by a are the definite product of missions trained librarian has been most wisely in Hawaii, having received their selected. Its finest building is devoted training through the Methodist Mis- to the teaching of the sciences. The sion or the Honolulu Bible training recitations heard by the Commission's school of the Hawaiian Board. Rev. representative were most ably con- B. T. Makapagal came to the islands ducted and the spirit that pervaded 15 years ago as a Filipino plantation the place was one of the finest he laborer. After some time he left the experienced anywhere. Moreover, fields and became a cook in a white throughout the Islands the Commisfamily. He opened a strange book-a sion heard only words of praise f()r Bible-which was lying on the table the graduates of Silliman Institute, of his employer and was so inspired particularly of those who entered the by its words that he became interested public schools as teachers. The Comin the Christian church, and after a mission expresses the hope that the few years developed into a strong supporters of Silliman may see their Christian leader.-Christian Century. way clear to give the funds neces-sary to enable it to expand its work and Indentured Workers Have a Church increase its usefulness to the people of the Southern Islands of the Archi- , NEW church building of European pelago. (Educational Survey of the Philippines, by Dr. Paul Monroe of ..tl. design was opened for indentured Teachers' College, Columbia Univer- sity.-Report, p. 512.) laborers of Rabaul, New Britain. Recruited from all parts of the mandated Silliman Institute is a brilliant conterritory, many natives who are serv- stellation in the educational firmament ing contracts in Rabaul have come of our country. Two decades of unfrom heathen districts. City life be- selfish laoors for the upliftment of wilders them, but they quickly adapt our youth constitute its record of themselves to vartous occupations. A service. Within that span of time, it new world opens to the majority of has earned its righteous place in the them. Unfortunately this congregat- front rank of private institutions of ing of boys brings to the surface the the land. She has a long phalanx of vices rather than the virtues of native graduates whose attainments and life. It was to combat new and subtle whose achievements attest unanswer-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ably to the quality of instruction given the Bible speak to us. We had no within the walls of this institution. prayer book, and none of us knew how to pray, so we just closed our Often have I marvelled over the eyes and talked to God." far-seeing vision and crusading spirit of philanthrophy that had actuated The total circulation of the Bible in the kind soul who in a land not his the Philippines since the establish- ,own founded this Institute in order to ment of the American Bible Society impart to our youth a culture and a in the Island in 1899 has been 2,616,- faith buttressed by upright moral 757 volumes. principles. Often have I admired the indomitable energy with which the CHINA primordial purposes of the Institute are being carried out by its persever- Chinese Flock to Manchuria ing director and faculty. Often, too, have I wished that our people in their "[;X)R many years two n<>table migrathirst for knowledge and truth had many benefactors like Mr. Silliman, .l' tory movements from China have not only among foreigners but also among our countrymen. – General been in progress. One has been from Emilio Aguinaldo. Fukien and Kwangtung to the Phil- ippines, Straits Settlement and Siam; What One Bible Did the other has been from Honan, Hopei and Shantung to Manchuria. The mi- COMM'ISSIONER OSIAS, Philip- gration to Manchuria has been with- pine commissioner at Washington, out equal in modern Oriental history. lists among the most helpful things It has greatly increased the populamissionaries have done in the Philip- tion of Manchuria. pines that of "translating and popularizing the Bible." A single instance In the last five years, Manchuria illustrates its penetrating and trans- has received about three million Chiforming effect. nese colonists, principally from Shan- tung and to a lesser degree from Some years ago a patient in the Chihli and other provinces. The an- Tagbilaran hospital was given a Tes- nual immigration in 1923 was 300,- tament. After recovery he took his 000; in 1926 the figures had doubled, Testament with him into the distant and from then on the inrush was such mountain barrio. Some time later a that no exact figures are obtainable. colporteur of the American Bible So- The South Manchuria Railway and ciety was trying to sell Bibles in a the Chinese Eastern Railway estinear-by hill town, but without suc- mates reveal that no less than one cess. An inhabitant said to him: million Chinese crossed the Gulf of Chihli in 1927. It is estimated that "If you want to sell that book, why during the year 1928, 2,000,000 Chidon't you go up into the hills to a nese went north into the "promised certain barrio, for there they are all land." asking for that book? There were only 3,000,000 people in The colporteur went, asked for the Manchuria a few years before the leader of the barrio and found he wa·s Russo-Japanese War. Now there are the man who had been in the hospital 27,000,000. at Tagbilaran. This man had been leading his people in Bible study, and The world's greatest population later organized them into a congrega- movement is now taking place in tion and regular worship was being China, says the Shanghai correspondheld every Sunday. Said he: ent of The Daily Express. Millions of Chinese, to escape the starvation "We had no teacher, s'o we just which i·s the outcome of years. of civil stood up and read the Bible before war, are swarming north into Manthe people and let it be our teacher. churia, where a vast new population We had no preacher, so we just let is filling the fertile but half-empty plains. Chinese make up 90 per cent of the present population of Man-

churia. Even the Manchu language, forms leading up to the tomb, which the language for two and one-half is an immense granite structure, far centuries of the ruling house, has more imposing than the tomb of vani,shed, and Mukden, the Manchu Washington at Mount Vernon. The capital, is a Chinese city. The Mon- Chinese are making Sun Yat Sen's golians from Inner Mongolia are like- tomb a place of pilgrimage and his wise absorbed by the Chinese, and picture hangs in every school in the they too speak the Chinese language. land. Every Monday morning patri- All customs and characteristics are otic exercises must be held in every Chinese.-W. H. Wang, in The China school in memory of hi·s services to Critic. his country. The exercises consist of singing the Nationalist Party song, Exercises at Sun Yat Sen's Tomb bowing three times respectfully be- fore the picture of Sun Yat Sen, read- THERE is a boulevard from the ing his will, and three minutes of city of Nanking to the imposing silence as the entire school remains mausoleum of one greater than royalty standing in meditation upon what Sun in the esteem of all patriotic Chinese Yat Sen has done and upon what the just now-Sun Yat Sen, whose body pupils may also patriotically do for was brought here about a year ago their country. fromPeiping and deposited with imposing ceremonies. The boulevard ex- I observed the ceremony in one of tends for about seven miles from the the schools. It is certainly impressive. Yangtze River across the city and Following the exercises, the principal country to the mausoleum of China's gave a resume of current events, infirst provincial President. It is about ternational and national, during the 60 feet wide, a vast improvement over preceding week, thus acquainting the the narrow crooked streets in many pupils with world affairs. Here was parts of Nanking. Yet its construc- a concrete illustration of progress in tion was the cause of many suicides China's educational method as conof people whose property lay in the trasted with that of a few years ago. path of the improvement, and which Let anyone who doubts whether was taken without any remuneration China is really awaking to present day whatever. Some, whose property was world movements go into some of the only partially absorbed, benefited by schools and see what is happening.- the improvement because of increased Letter, Rev. George H. Trull. valuation. The real sufferers were those who lost their all. They natur- Two Great Christian Colleges in ally resented the measure. So did those whose dead were buried in the Nanking path of the boulevard. They were ordered to remove the bodies and locate T HERE are two really great misthem elsewhere and no financial help sionary educational institutions in was given to do it. As a stranger Nanking, Ginling College for Women rides along this imposing highway and the University of Nanking. The today, he is not aware of the heart former has a campus of thirty acres aches caused by its construction. in the western part of the city. It is a beautiful situation and the dreams The day we visited Sun Yat Sen's of the founders of the college are betomb was Easter Monday. We were ing realized in the buildings that have not able to get up to the mausoleum already been erected. These are of itself because of patriotic exercises Chinese architecture with graceful that were being held by an immense lines and blending colors, and do not gathering of Boy Scouts and Girl offend the eye as do so many foreign Scouts from all parts of China. There structures on 'oriental soil. They are must have been several thousand of a part of China. The college is only them massed on the steps and plat- fifteen years old and began with nine students. Today it has an enrollment

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

many times the size of the original palling poverty, such utter distress as group and coming from many parts I have witnessed among those poor of China. It is not easy to enter Gin- unfortunate people in Shensi. A helpling. The requirements are equivalent ing hand is urgently required before to th()·se of the best women's colleges disease and starvation wipes out the in America. The five graduates of entire population of China's back-stay the first class were the first women -the husbandmen.' to be graduated with the B. A. degree for work done in China, forerunners "Sherwood Eddy, Y. M. C. A. Secof an increasing group of women lead- retary for Asia, stopped off in New ers in the sphere of culture and high- York en route to Europe. He said: er learning. 'I have just come from famine,r!ltr,ick- en China. China is in the most des- Less than a mile from Ginling is the perate need ()f all seventeen countries University of Nanking, organized in I have visited around the world this 1910 and one 'of the largest missionary year. The agencies that are spending colleges in China. Its library is one the money sent from America are givof the best equipped of any institu- ing thought to the wi£dom of a more tion. The campus covers an area of constructive plan of famine prevenalmost a square mile. I was particu- tion, which by means of irrigation larly interested in the constructive and roads will remove county after work that is being done in sericulture, county from the grip of famine forchemistry, forestry and agriculture, ever, if the necessary funds are forthand in its cooperation with the Nan- coming. I found the money wisely king Theol()gical Seminary in efforts expended and the need desperate. Now to improve the economic, social, and is the time to aid China.''' spiritual conditions of rural life. The library has a list of books applicable GENERAL to conditions and problems in China which it loans to rural workers. Un- International Council of Religious der the auspices of the University and with the cooperation of the National Education Christian Council and the China Chri·stian Educational Association, a T HE singing of that mighty hymn, conference was held some time since "Come, Thou Almighty King," by to consider an adequate program for the 5,000 delegate·s assembled in the the rural church and to bring rural flag and palm decorated Convention leaders into closer touch with the for- Hall of the beautiful eX1Josition estry and agricultural departments of grounds of Toronto, Ontario,' inauthe University, so that it might more gurated the 1930 quadrennial conveneffectively serve them.-Letter, Rev. tion of the International Council of George H. Trull. Religious Education.

Fa.m.ine in China From Hudson Bay to Panama, from British Columbia to Georgia, from the L C. ARLINGTON, a famine relief Maritime Provinces to California, • worker, writing from Sian, Shen- with missionaries from nearly every si, May 14th, tells of the death by star- field and national representatives from vation and typhus of 40,000 people out four continents, church school workof a population of 150,000 in 820 vil- ers had moved to Toronto for a week lages. Many people buried their chil- of fellowship, worship and education. dren alive rather than see them die from starvation. Mr. Arlington The city was host to a convention speaks of his fifty years of life among of this organization for the third time, the Chinese, during which time he having extended its hospitality to the has seen much tragedy, and says: 'I third convention in 1881, and again have never before witnessed such ap- to the eleventh in 1905. It was a striking symbol of the council's vi- 5 tality, growth, power and significance that the church which has been large enough to house completely all the de-

liberations of former conventions, the nearest missionary is 1,500 miles could this year serve only as a place away. There are 14,000,000 human of early morning prayer for groups beings in South America who have of delegates. never been visited by a missionary, Roman Catholic or Protestant. As Parallel with the sessions of the long as there are persons living and general convention were those of the dying without God or hope, the note Youth Council and ConferEnce of of urgency must be sounded.-Watch- North America. The Council was man-Examiner. comprised of 220 of America's choicest youth representing 36 different de- Three Denominations Find Points of nominations and groups, and coming – from 34 states and provinces. The Agreement conference enrolled 1,500 representa- tives of all denominations, groups, A JOINT conference of representa- :states and provinces. tives of the Methodist Episcopal Church North, the Presbyterian Their purpose, as the culmination Church in the U. S. A. and the Prot- 'Of more than a year',s study by thou- estant Episcopal Church, meeting at sands of youth throughout the con- Atlantic City, June 10-11, found "our- tinent, was to determine youth's pro- selves and the communions we repre- gram of study and enterprise for the sent in substantial agreement in their next four years. Their deliberations :f'ormal pronouncements." "1. So far centered about the adoption of six as other than theological and ecclesias- great themes: Jesus Christ, Christian tical facts were causes of the original conduct, worship and prayer, other separation of the bodies we represent, youth, Christian unity, a Christian we are agreed that they are no longer society. operative in any such degree as to block the way to an organic unity. 2. One hour spent with these young We find complete agreement upon the people and their leaders would have importance of the principle of the sep- heartened the most pessimistic with aration of church and state as guar- regard to the dependability, earnest- anteed in the constitution of the ness and capability of modern youth. United States. With emphasis differ- Working, some of them, from seven ing somewhat in our three bodies in the morning until one at night they upon the values attached to the va- were forging out the most thoughtful riou,s expressions of social and moral statements of their convictions, state- ideals, we :find the common conviction ments which when they appear will that the Church of Christ has a defi- awaken the admiration of their elders, nite responsibility not only to guide and challenge them in their service of the conscience of individual Christians youth.-Prof. Ralph D. Heim, Ph.D., but also to infuse through society the in' "The Lutheran." principles of God',s will as revealed in Jesus Christ. Utterances vf the Solemn Facts highest representative bodies in our three communions reveal, however, the I s THE day of Foreign Missions equally certain conviction that the over? There are 1,600,000,000 per- function of the Church is not to gov- sons on the earth today. Nearly 1,000,- ern or to seek to govern political ac- 000,000 have yet to hear the gospel. tion, but to further the influence of There are 42,000,000 unevangelized Christian principles in society. 3. in Japan. Chinese Turkestan is prac- Our three communions are as one in tically without a missionary. Tibet recogmzmg the authority of the is virgin soil. China constitutes a Church to back and guide the indi- tremendous challenge. Groups of be- vidual in the development of his lievers can be found in only a few Christian life and to exercise discip- villages and cities. Millions of Africa line in cases of violation of the funda- remain in ignorance of the gospel. In some regions of the Dark Continent

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

mental precepts of that life. We find, man type which one could learn to however, that in all three communions read by feeling it with his finger,s. At the tendency is obvious t{) substitute sixteen he worked out his own system for such disciplinary methods as cul- of embossed letters and made a slate minate in excommunication, the meth- on which to write them. Later, while ods of love, persuasion and voluntary a professor in a school for the blind, penance as being more consonant with he invented the present system of our Lord's teaching." On the "impor- writing in raised dots, which is the tant moral questions of the day"-the standard printing for the sightless. Christian home and marriage, inter- The Bra ill e characters – different national peace. racial relations, indus- groups of six small raised dots-made trial and economic evils and ideals, the by pressing a sharp point upon stiff importance of religion in the field of paper-have opened up to all who caneducation – general agreement was not see, the infinite worlds of music, found in all three denominations. literature, and education. – L i v i n g Church. These "findings" are reported by Bishop Herbert Welch, President J. A Philanthropist's Will Ross Stevenson, and Bishop Edward L. Parsons, of the Methodist, Presby- T HE following extract from the will terian and Episc{)pal commissions re- of the late Clarence H. Kelsey was spectively.-ChTistian Century. printed without comment as an edi- torial in the New York Evening Post: Transcribing Braille "The bequests to the institutions A WIDESPREAD, unique, and in- named in the preceding paragraphs do creasingly important Red Cross not capitalize, in many instances, the service is the direct outc{)me of a sums which I have been giving to three-year-old French boy having them yearly for many years, and there entered his father's harness shop to are many other institutions to which play one day in 1812. This shop was I have been similarly contributing but in the village of Coupvray, twenty- to which I make no bequests. The three miles from Paris. Being as in- reason is not because of any change in quisitive as all children at his age, my interest in, or appreciation of, the little Louis Braille picked up one these institutions or the work that of his father's sharp tools. His small they are doing, but because my theory fingers could not manage it; it slipped, and practice of giving are inconsistent putting out one of his eyes. Sym- therewith. I have always felt that it pathetic inflammation set in, causing was better to give regularly and genthe loss of his other eye. erously from income rather than ac- cumulate principal with the expecta- Although for the next forty years tion of making large gifts at the end. this man was to know what Helen I believe that money set to work im- Keller describes as "traveling trackles'B mediately is better used than if acways, stumbling at noonday as in the cumulated with the intention of doing night," the accident was to make him great things with it afterwards. the blind's greatest hero. Louis These plans often are forg,otten or Braille was to make the blind see with fail to be carried out, and I firmly betheir finger tips. lieve that there is much greater satis- faction in giving mQney away as you How he became great is a story of go along than in keeping it and watchthe complete devotion of his inventive- ing it grow in your hands. Money ness to all those, like himself, who never catches up with time and good lived in darkness. When ten years old, done with a little money now may be Louis was sent to a school for the far greater than that done with a blind, encountering there not only a great deal more later on, and is more rich domain ,of literature, music, and sure to be done." mathematics, but also embossed Ro-

LATIN AMERICA the emancipation 'of the Mexican Notable Financial Success in Porto Methodists from the spiritual direc- tion of the American church. Rico The ·separation was brought about I N SPITE of the depression and dis- with the greatest cordiality and was couragement in Pow Rico last due to the fact that the Mexican Methyear, following the hurricane, the local odists felt the American religious procampaign for funds toward rebuilding gram did not conform to the aspira- St. Luke's IIospital, Ponce, exceeded tions and religious ideas of the Mexthe hoped-for goal of $10,000. The icans. It is reported the Methodist total am01;lllt needed, $100,000, was congregations in Mexico now total received, a large part coming from the more than 100, all of which will be Hurricane Relief Fund given by peo- affected by the new agreement. Preple throughout the Church. Bishop viously the churches were under the Colmore hopes the hospital may be direction of the Bishops of Nashville built before the end of 1930. The and New York. present much-patched building, with seventy beds, had 1,160 in-patients According to the agreement all the during the year. – P. E. Natiorutl Methodist congregations in Mexico Council Publicity Service. will be merged into one organization to be known as the Mexican Methodist Lutheran/! in Chile Church. According to Dr. R. E. Diffendorfer, I N CHILE the Lutheran Church of Saxony maintains two Lutheran secretary of the Board of Foreign congregations totaling together more than 2,500 members. The congrega- Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church, a Mexican Bishop will be elected to lead the new Mexican Methtion in Valdivia, served by Pastor odist Church at a conference to be Wernicke, numbers 1,200 members, held here in September. Dr. Diffenand the congregation in Temuco-Vic- dorfer said the separation step meant toria, served by Pastor Klink, num- a new era for the Protestant religion bers 1,450 members served from thir- in this republic. teen preaching stations. In the course Bishop Francis J. McConnell, of of a year Pastor Klink covered 9,532 New York, and Bishop Warren Chanmiles in 149 days on the road, aver- dler, of Atlanta, attended the meeting. aging sixty-four miles a day. His -New York Times. travel from point to point.j,n his parish was by railroad, automobile, steamer, Governor Roosevelt on Porto Rico T wagon and horseback. The Lutheran HE island of Porto Rico is neither known nor understood by the vast Gotteskasten of Germany assists in providing support for the work.-Na- majority of our citizens in the United tiorutl Lutheran Council Bulletin. States. Many of them have no idea where it is. Since I have been here Mexican Methodists Form Separate I have had letters forwarded to me Body addressed "Porto Rico, Philippine T HE Mexican Methodist Church has Islands"; "Porto Rico, Central Amer- been established as an independent ica," or "Porto Rico, Cuba." One colreligious institution as a result of an lege graduate even addressed me as agreement signed July 8th. The "AmbassadQr Roosevelt, American Church thus becomes completely free Embassy, Porto Rico."

from the direction of the Methodist To grasp our problem it is neces- churches with headquarters at Nash- sary to have a glimpse of what Porto ville and New York. Rico is. We are a small island, only The decision for an .independent a hundred miles long by thirty-five church was taken at a meeting called miles broad. The country is a series expressly to discuss the question of .of steep hills belted by a coastal plain.

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

We have 1,500,000 people, most of The death rate on our island from • whom are dependent on agriculture tuberculosis has more than doubled in for their living. This offers a great the last'ififteen years. According to problem, because not only have we a our Department of Health, it is now population density of more than four 301 to the hundred thousand-in other hundred to the square mile but in ad- words, more than four times as great dition, large tracts of unproductive as that of the United States. Last mountainous country. year there were 4,442 deaths reported During the last thirty years condi- from this cause, and there were doubt- tions have become steadily better in less many unreported. Probably to- Porto Rico. Education increased. day there are 40,000 Porto Ricans suf- Our health department was developed. fering from this disease. The root of Our public works of every sort multi- this trouble is malnutrition.

plied. Our island will turn the corner in Then the cyclone struck us and in the near future and with more indus- its trail came disaster for all. More tries and intensive cultivation, greater than 300 lives were lost and $80,000,- prosperity will be spread through the 000 worth of property was destroyed. rank and file of the people. But that The coffee plantations, on which the is the fl,lt,ure, not the present.-Herald greatest number of the small farmers Tribune Magazine.

depend, suffered most severely. Two or three years must pass before things JAPAN-KOREA are normal. Consecration of Beautiful Japanese Unemployment, either total or par- Church T tial, is present everywhere. Riding HE birthday of the Emperor of Japan (April 29) this year will through the hills, I have stopped at farm after farm where lean, underfed long be· Temembered by the Church women and sickly men repeated again people in the old city of Nara-it was and again the same story-little food chosen for the consecration of the and no opportunity to get more. From beautiful new Christ Church.

these hills the people have streamed The old structure was inadequate into the coastal towns, increasing the and finally declared unsafe. About already severe unemployment situa- fifteen years ago a beautiful piece of tion there. Housing facilities, of property was bought adjoining Nara course, are woefully inadequate. Six Park, which encloses the temples and or seven people sometimes live in one other sacred buildings of this ancient small room. In some of the poorer capital.

quarters I have seen as many as ten There is an interesting custom in housed in a make-shift board room Japan of planting it palownia tree not more than twelve feet square. Of when a girl baby is born; when she is course, disease had spread, for living married, the tree is cut down and made conditions of this sort always beget into her wedding chest. With this in disease. mind the cOIiI,gregation of Christ I have seen mothers carrying babies Church planted palownia trees on the who were little skeletons. I have new property with a view to using watched in a classroom thin, pallid, them in the new church they hoped to little boys and girls trying to spur build "some years hence."

their brains to action when their little The city Juthorities would not allow bodies were underfed. I have seen any building to be placed within close them trying to study on only one proximity to the park which did not scanty meal a day, a meal of few beans harmonize in style of architecture and some rice. I have looked into the with that of the temples. Ther.e.siiJt kitchens of houses where a handful is a pure Tempyo period (eighth c~tI:'

of beans and a few plantains were the tury) group of classical Japait~se fare for the entire family. buildings–church and parish hori~

beautifully adapted to Christian use. sense of spiritual need.-W. H. Mur- The wood of the palownia trees has ray Watton, in "Church Missionary been used in much of the decoration. Outlook."

The day of the consecration was Kagawa Meetings in Japan stormy, but the church was packed. The service was one of the most im- THE Kingdom of God movement has pressive ever held in Japan; the been formally launched in 50 or rector, the Rev. D. Yoshimura, was more centers of the nation's life. the preacher, Bishop Nichols read the From Kanazawa a Baptist pastor consecration service, and Bishop Mc- writes: "Mr. Kagawa spoke two hours Kim celebrated Holy Communion. and a half to an audience of about 1,200. The aisles were crowded, some Newspaper Evangelism in Japan sitting only a few feet from the speaker. One hundred and fifty-five T HE newspaper articles still ev()ke .signed decision cards. With those of a response which shows no sign of the previous night that made 273 new falling off. During December, Jan- decisions; and I think they were all uary, and February we had 2,500 more really honest about it, because the 18 requests for information about Chris- assigned to my church were all found tianity, which brings the total to over to be true decisions and nine of them 25,000. We could multiply these fig- are to be baptized next Sunday." But ures tenfold if we had the means to another side of the picture is shown in take the opportunities before us. the following testimony: "In my city, the mayor refused us the use of the The papers are realizing to an in- city auditorium on the ground that creasing degree that they must pro- Kagawa is a pacifist and does not make vide religiQus reading matter for the the imperial house the center of all public. As a result of the response his loyalties and theology. Following which our articles have evoked in the this lead, none of the schools would re- Tokyo Nichi-nichi newspaper we have ceive his message, which so often persuaded the proprietors to start a stresses the conservatism amid which weekly religious column. Of course we Iive."-Ch1istian Century. they decide ultimately what is to go into it, and insert Buddhist as well as Business Depression in Ja.pan Christian articles; but they are looking to us to provide them with Chris- CONDITIONS in Japan are far from tian material regularly, and have happy. Despite the return to the Qffered to hand over to us any letters gold standard, the financial and ecothat may come to them as a result of nomic structure of the country is still the articles. When it is remembered suffering from a decade of acute dethat this paper has a daily circulation pression. Overinflation at the end of of over a million, we can appreciate the World War presaged the decline. the significance of this new step. In The terrible earthquake of 1923 inthe meantime our regular short adver- flicted appalling losses. From neither tisement articles are continuing. The of these two disasters has Japan yet response to them is so big that we fully recovered. They have had their dare not stop. These, of course, have repercussion in social conditions-in to be short, and are generally of a the increase of unrest among the topical character. workers and the importation of Com- munist slogans by a small group of We find as a result of a study of agitators. At the same time farthe applications that reach us that reaching political changes have been over ninety per cent ()f those who in progress. Full manhood suffrage apply seem to belong to the younger has only just been put into effect, and generation, and about seventy per cent party government is developing along of the total to the otherwise unreached new lines.-New Yark Times. country population. Quite an appreciable percentage definitely state their

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Korea Attitude Toward Japan The petitiDn shows that the endow- ment 'Of the Drganizqti.on consists 'Of I N KOREA, Japan has made almost $63,000 received in wills more than as brilliant a record in the material seventy~five years ago in which the development of the country in the donors directed that the inCDme be twenty years of its occupation from used for colonization. 1910 to 1930 as the United States has made in the Philippines in the same The application in the Supreme time. But, as in the Philippines, there Court was made necessary in 'Order tD is an almost unanimous demand for get permission to divert the income independence on the part of all edu- from the purpose f.or which the funds cated or awakened Koreans. They were originally intended. Dr. ThDmas make three indictments against Jap- Jesse Jones, WhD has been interested anese rule: (1) Its policy of "assim- in the education 'Of Negroes fDr ilation" or absorption, that would J ap- twenty years, signed the petition a·skanize everything and ignore or blot ing apprDval of apprDpriatiDns made out much that Koreans hold most 'Out of the funds 'Of the sDciety, 'Of dear; (2) the dictatorship of an auto- which he is secretary. – New York cratic foreign rule which makes all Times. the laws, appoints and holds all the chief offices themselves, and allows Position of WOlllen in Uganda much less liberty than in the Philippines or India; and (3) the economic T HE SynDd of 1930 will long be rediscrimination under which so many membered in the Church in Uganda impoverished Korean farmers are los- as one in which attentiDn was concening their land, while the Japanese reap trated 'On the po·sition of WDmen and the chief benefits in industry and com- 'On the cDnceptiDn 'Of Christian marmerce. The Koreans were left by riage. Two years before twelve WDmtheir own former government, that en delegates had been welcomed for was considered "the worst in Asia," the first time, but these were aU indolent and sadly divided among Europeans. NDW it has been decided themselves. But under the stern com- unanimously that at all future synDds pulsion of Japanese rule from without twelve African women shall have their and the inner impulse of a growingly place as members, and that three Christian civilization and education, women shall sit on the ruri-decanal Korea is making gratifying progress. councils. Japan will have to choose between making her like an embittered Ireland An epDch-marking decision was or like a prosperous and loyal Canada. reached about the rights of widows. -Sherwood Eddy, in "The Church- Hitherto they have been poorly proman." vided for as a rule. The synod agreed that the wife is the first to be con- AFRICA -sidered in the will 'Of a Christian man, and that not less than 'One-third 'Of the Would Spend $82,267 on Liberian prDperty ShDUld be left tD her.

Schools It is interesting tD note that the members 'Of synod included the kings BECAUSE colonization of Amer- of Buganda, BunyorD, and TDrD, the ican Negroes in Liberia is no katikiro 'Of Buganda and 'Of BunyorD, longer feasible, the New York State and other prominent African officials Colonization Society, organized in and chiefs, as well as clergy and lay 1855 to colonize "people of cDlDr of delegates. the United States 'On the coast of Africa, and thrDugh them civilize the The BishDp writes: "Such a body, African tribes," tDok legal steps in the educated and alive 'On mDral questiDns, Supreme CDurt, June 24, to spend and animated by the spirit of wisdDm $82,267 of its future incDme to aid and 'Of love, which is the Spirit of Liberia in education and sanitatiDn. GDd Himself, is and shDuld become increasingly an influence 'Of incalcu-

lable power in the country."-Church NORTH AMERICA Missionary Outlook. Twenty-five Years of Association Wonderful for Reducing Swelled Work Heads THE work of the Y. W. C. A. with K USITA, one of the oldest and Negro girls and women over a pe- staunchest of native Christian riod of twenty-five years was the subleaders in Sachikela, West Central ject recently for an interview of length Africa, was slowly sinking beneath the in the New York World. Since the chloroform administered by Doctors Negro girls and women have become Henry S. Hollenbeck and H. Veazie a part of the Y. W. C. A. the work has Markham, preparatory to a leg opera- grown from one center until today tion. A -steady stream of talk had there ar.e sixty-five branches, 150 issued from the old man's lips as the trained workers, 20,000 girls of teen anesthetic was taking effect. "Lord," age, more than 20,000 adults and 10,- he said, "it is not by their knowledge 000 girls employed in industrial and nor their skill that they are curing me, business pursuits to attest to its realbut by thy favor, Oh Lord. I trust ity and growth. Eva D. Bowles, who Thee to cure me and direct these is on the national staff and has helped doctors." Which, by and all, was not to integrate the programs so that the a bad point of view. – Missionary Negroes are included in all phases of Herald. the work, began her career approxi- mately twenty-five years ago. She as- Bantu Student Conference sumed her first position with the newly organized Y. W. C. A. for col- T HE Bantu -section of the Student ored girls in New York City. "There Christian Association of South is no way of authoritatively gauging Africa, held in June a representative the potent and wide-spread influence and interracial conference of students exerted by the Young Women's Chrisand other leaders of religious and so- tian Association among Neg roe s cial life. The purpose of the confer- throughout the nation in the last ence was to discover anew the mes- twenty-five years. Miss Bowles is sage and meaning of Christianity; to happy in the thought that the women interpret the will of a loving, active of her race have proved themselve-s God whose purposes for man go deeper capable of managing large budgets, of than surface appearances indicate; to being articulate in developing their determine how a knowledge of the will program in directing large staffs of of God through Christ may become workers."-American Friend. more effectively implicated in the practical problems of our life in South Lutheran Home MiS$ions Council of Africa; and finally to acquire, in larger measure, the secret of God's America gift of power, and to understand and obtain more of the adequacy of Jesus' THIS is the newest development in life and method of love. American Missions. The title i-s appealing-"Lutheran Home Missions The conference was representative Council of America." Five Lutheran of Bantu student life throughout bodies united to form it in Chicago, South Africa, and drew delegates from July 1st and 2d. Every vote after adjacent territories. In addition to thorough discussion was unanimous. the 150 Bantu students who attended We were conscious of the immediate there were present some 50 or 60 presence and guidance of God. European student.s from universities of the country. Early this year the Board of Amer- ican Missions of the United Lutheran Church issued an invitation to the presidents of the Norwegian Lutheran Church, Augustana Synod, United Danish Church, Joint Synod of Ohio

1930J WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

and Iowa Synod to send representa- good or for ill, in the way it is tives to consider the advisability of transacted.

closer approach and cooperation in I propose that this convention create home missions in America. All of a special committee, or instruct the them responded favorably and ap- social service department of the ex- pointed delegates. They met in Chi- ecutive council, to make a thorough cago, and revealed a harmony of spirit investigation and study of the whole and clarity of vision which promise question of the church and industry great things. in this diocese, and to report their This is the plan; All Lutheran findings to the next meeting of this bodies in America are to be invited to convention. – From a Diocesan Ad- join the Lutheran Home Missions dress by Bishop Edwin A. Penick, Council. It is to be as widely repre- "Churchman."

sentative as it can be made. No group however small will be overlOl)ked. The Sununer Church Camps O field is the Western Hemisphere. Our NE of the most significant achieve- ments of the Brotherhood of St. aim is to establish and extend the Lutheran Church in Canada, the Andrew in recent years has been the United States including Alaska, the initiation and development of Church West Indies, Mexico, Central America camps for training in Christian leader- and South America. The possibilities ship. The object is to do two things.

are limitless. What an opportunity to First, to create a desire for leadership demonstrate Lutheran solidarity. – in the Church on the part of these Dr. F. F. Fry, in "News Bulletin" of growing young men. Second, to take National Luthemn Council. that desire and mould it and encour- age it in order to produce trained, Church in South to Study Labor deeply spiritual leadership in the DURING the past year North Caro- churchmen of tomorrow. lina has suffered from a notorious The methods used in these camps amount of undesirable publicity grow- are threefold; first, Sane Recreation; ing out of certain unfortunate inci- second, Sane Instruction; third, Sane dents in more than one industrial Religion. It is the testimony of centre. I trust that we shall not as- parishes, which have continuously sent sume that all is well and that trouble young men to attend these camps, that will never return again. they have returned bettered in every The fact is that industry is mi- way for their contacts made therein.

grating to the south and to the Pied- As one young man put it, "The camp mont section of the south. Oonditions stiffened my spiritual and moral back- of life and methods of work are chang- bone."-Living Church.

ing swiftly and with this economic transformation the church must keep Winner of the Spingarn Medal H pace. ENRY A. HUNT, Negro principal The problem is so enormous and so of the Fort Valley High and In- complex that expert knowledge in dustrial School, is the winner of the economics is required to understand sixteenth annual Spingarn Medal, some of its simplest ramifications. awarded to the American citizen of And yet it is a human problem. And African descent for "most distin- wherever human beings are concerned guished achievement in some honor- there is the interest and the business able field of human endeavor."

of the church. We refuse to admit The medal has been awarded to Mr.

that "business is business." We be- Hunt "for twenty-five years of modest, lieve rather that business like all cor- faithful, unselfish, and devoted service porate endeavor is ideally related to in the education of Negroes of rural the Kingdom of God for the simple Georgia. In the face of great difficul- reason that people are involved, for ties he has built up an excellent school

and has at all times advanced the cause The average attendance for the of hi-s race with tact, skill and in- Sabbath morning services in these tegrity." places shows a total -of over 27,000 persons; at the evening meetings The committee on award included: during the week the average attend- Theodore Roosevelt, Governor of ance is 8,550. At the women's meet- Porto Rico, and James H. Dillard, Di- ings during the week the average atrector of the Jeanes and Slater Funds. tendance is 8,200. Some of the con- -New York Times. gregations show an average attend- ance of from 300 to almo-st 900; for Home Missionaries Needed example, at Assiut (not including the college or the Pressly Memorial Insti- SEVERAL positions will be open in tute) the average attendance is 880; the fall under the Woman's Home at Nekhelia it is 600; at El Kom el Missionary Society. Among the most Akdar it is 410; and at each of tWG urgent calls are the following: Home Cairo cGngregations it is over 400. Economics teachers in mountain and N egr-o schools; an instructor in There are 117 'Ordained ministers science in a white schGol, who has had of whom 103 are pastors of CGngregatwenty-four semester hours work in tions. There are 31 licensed preachers science and twelve semester hours and 'Over 500 irregular teachers in the work in education, and whG can teach Egyptian Church. There are 10 c'Onphysics in 1930-31; a music and art gregatiGns in the city of CairG which teacher in a white school. A training have their own pastors and of these 5 school also needs an instructor in so- are entirely self-supporting; 281 Sabcial welfare and psychology who holds bath schoGls with 23,683 pupils and a Master's degree; an instructor with 1,067 teachers; 214 day and boarding a similar degree to offer theory courses schools identified with this Evangelical and supervise the demonstration school Church, of which 151 are for boys and in the department of kindergarten 63 for girls, with an attendance of education; also a teacher of either 12,263 boys and young men, and 6,940 public school art and voice, or teacher girls, i. e., a t()tal of 19,203, 'Of whom of the kindergarten demonstration 3,974 are M'Ohammedans. There are school and voice. Miss Muriel Day, 127 young pe'Ople's organizatiGns with 420 Plum Street, Cincinnati, Ohio, will a membership of 4,474. supply applicatiGn blank and further information. The total budget for carrying on all the w'Ork conducted by the Church in WESTERN ASIA Egypt amounts to over $420,000. It is true that this includes 'Over $250,000 Evangelical Ohurch in Egypt income from schools and which is not, therefGre, to be oonsidered as gen- I T MAY interest the Church at home uinely given for the support of evan- to have some of the following data gelistic work. Yet there is an expense concerning the Church in Egypt: of $150,000 for the conduct 'Of the churches, including 'Over $37,000 for There are 20,200 communicants in the running expenses 'Of the congrethe churches between Alexandria and gations and over $22,000 for the evanthe Sobat River in the Sudan. There gelization of districts from these conare fully twice that number who gregations.-Dr. R. S. McClenahan, in gather with these members, so that "The United Pre8byterian." one may think of this Protestant c-ommunity in Egypt as being from 50,000 Health Wagon in the Near East to 60,000. There are 451 centers of preaching, of which 126 are organized THE itinerant health service ()f the congregations and 325 are larger or Near East Foundation is a g'Ood smaller gatherings for w 0 r s hip, example of its welfare and educati'Onal usually without their church buildings w'Ork in Bible lands, which already has at the present time. Often the meetings are held in private homes, whether in the cities or villages.

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

been divided into some 21 projects. of the New Testament. They have Health wagons serve poverty-stricken, done it to compare the Christian doctorless and nurseless villages in Scriptures with the Koran, but the Armenia and Syria. Capable nurses, sword of the Spirit has entered the most of whom have been trained in heart of Islam. the American orphanage schools, combat disease and attack causes-insani- Treaty for Iraq Independence tary conditions, filth, physical neglect, ignorance, undernourishment. A wag- A HUGE financial burden is to be on visits 30 to 40 villages a month, lifted from the shoulders of Britgiving 5,000 to 8,000 treatments each ish taxpayers by the termination of a year. The nurses carry their own Britain's mandatory control of Iraq medicines, antiseptics, disinfectants, (Mesopotamia) . canned food, bedding, courage and cheer. They perform minor surgical A treaty was signed in Baghdad operations, set bones, treat ailments, July 1st by the British High Commisteach proper child care-one has ex- sioner and the Iraq Ministers, under tracted 484 teeth. Improved sanitary which Iraq will aut.omatically come and living conditions follow the into complete independence on entermonthly visits to the villages, where ing the League of Nations in 1932. the native home is often a windowless, The treaty provides that Iraq will aschimneyless, furnitureless stone-and- sume sole responsibility for its own Bod shelter for both family and cattle. affairs, for maintaining internal se- curity and, subject to the terms of the Four of these wagons are now in alliance, for the defense of the counoperation. Ten more are needed. The try against foreign aggression. Furitinerant health wagon service costs thermore, Britain will recognize the $225 a month; $665 equips a wagon; automatic termination of her manda- $490 pays a nurse's salary for a year. tory responsibilities as soon as the Near East Foundation, Cleveland E. treaty comes into operation. All Brit- Dodge, president, ha·s been incor- ish forces are to be withdrawn from porated at the request of the board of Hinaidi, a big air-force station seven trustees of Near East Relief to carry miles from Baghdad, and from Mosul on this and twenty other types of within a period of five years from the service to rural and refugee people in enforcement .of the treaty, when Iraq Bible lands. – R e cor d of Christian will lease to Britain three air bases Work. to the west of the Euphrates and Shat- aI-Arab. Moslems Read the Bible The treaty will be operative for T HERE never W3iS a time when twenty-five years, but any time after there was such readiness to receive twenty years a new pact may be neand read the printed page, or when gotiated for the safety of the main Moslems all over the Moslem world air routes and British imperial comwere so eager to posse·ss themselves munications. of Christian literature and to study it. The unrest in Islam today is un- Any disagreement is to be referred doubtedly largly due to the fact that to the Council of the League of Nathe Moslems have taken to reading, tions. and as they read they realize that they themselves and Islam are behind the The extreme Nationalists are not times and want to be brought up to satisfied with the treaty. Neither is date. The EI-Azhar University in the European business community. Cairo, the stronghold of Islam, has But moderate opinion here is that the purchased a thousand copies of the treaty is the method of moving from Bible in Arabic and a thousand copies the status of a mandated territory to independence. The religious minori- ties, Jews and Christians, want the British to remain.-New York Times.

EUROPE requests from some of the bishops overseas for guidance in the problems Proposed Protestant Credit Associa- with which they were confronted. At each succeeding conference the needs tion of the younger churches have de- manded increasing'attention, and it is THE Protestant churches of the not surprising that at the end of a Continent are gradually recover- decade of unparalleled growth, mo·st ing from the impoverishment caused .of the discussions will vitally concern by the World War, but the struggle the future of these younger churches. to maintain their churches and schools is still severe. To start any new work There was a time when the probwithout borrowing money for build- lems facing the younger and older ing operatIons and purchase of land churches were largely different, but is out of the question. Nowhere in that time has passed. Does the church Europe is money obtainable for less in India, China, Dr Persia feel that than 12 or 13%. In Poland 18% is Christian unity is essential if it is tD the rule. The Central Bureau of Re- bear witness effectively? The need lief of the Evangelical Churches of here is identical, although it seems Europe, in, Geneva, is working hard to be far too little recognized, especion the project of a Protestant Credit ally by the laity. A divided church Association w h i c h will furnish cannot meet the challenge of the preschurches and institutions with loans ent situation. at a moderate -rate of interest. Europeans are experienced in the handling To the C. M. S. has been given the of such cooperative enterprises, and privilege and responsibility .of sharwith some assistance from America ing in the building up .of the church in the raising of a capital fund, this in thirty-tWD dioceses overseas. We plan shDuld be successfully put thank God for the vigor and devotion through. It would be a great boon to of the younger churches; we realize the European churches, for many in- -something of their difficulties and stitutions and parishes, who.se needs their shDrtcomings, and pray that tD would scarcely justify emergency re- them, as to us, may come renewal of lief, are terribly hard up for lack of life through the power of the Holy an adequate plant. Spirit.-Church Missionary Outlook.

First Ordination of French Woman English Items THE first woman to be ordained a THE warm tribute paid by the Si- minister in French Protestantism mon Report to Christian missions was recently consecrated to the min- has given great pleasure to our misistry. sionary societies. Sir John Simon himself visited several mis-sion hos- Mlle. Bertsch has -served for three pitals and schools while in India on years as pastor of the Reformed the work of his Commission …… A Church of Mulhouse, showing so much writer in the Scots Observer points tact and capacity and fidelity that no out that Miss Amy Johnson's achieveobjection was raised against her or- ment would have been impossible but dination.-Record of Christian Work. for Foreign Missions. It was the pas- tor of a native church who sheltered Lambeth Conference and C. M. s. her when she landed at TimDr. What "T AMBETH 1930" claims a large if that had still been a cannibal is- land? …… The annual meeting of L place in .our thDUghts and the Conference of British Missionary Societies stressed the need of Chrisprayers this mDnth. The Conference tian literature for China and Africa. meets at a critical moment in the life -London Correspondence of T"M .of the Church here and .overseas, and Churchman. the responsibility of those who take part in it can scarcely be exaggerated.

The first Lambeth Conference was held in 1867, and owed its origin tD

WORTH

Any books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us on receipt ofprice.-THE REVIEW.

The Philippines Past and Present. By have been added by Ralston Hayden, Dean C. Worcester. 862 pp. $6. Professor of Political Science in the Macmillan. New York. University of Michigan. Two maps, 144 plates, a bibliography and six ap- The name of Worcester stands high pendices add to the value and attracon the roll of Americans who have tiveness of this monumental work, and rendered distinguished service to their a copious index makes its vast stores country and to other lands. When, in of information easily available for 1900, President McKinley decided to reference. appoint a Philippine Commission, the public at once felt that the eminent Jungle Portraits. By Delia J. Akeley. 251 pp. $3.50. Macmillan. New York. Professor 0:( Zoology in the University of Michigan would be appointed a member of it, for he had spent three It would be difficult to mention a and a half years in the Archipelago as more fascinating book of travel than a zoological collector half a decade be- this. The author made three expedifore it came under American control tions to Africa with her husband and so that he knew it better than any a fourth visit with no white comother American. He served as a mem- panions at all. In this volume she deber of the Commission for thirteen scribes some of the most interesting years (1900-1913) and for twelve experiences of these journeys-advenyears of that period he was Secretary tures with elephants, crocodiles, apes of the Interior in the Government. and pygmies. She penetrated far into He was an influential factor in the the heart of the Dark Continent, livlarge and important work of legisla- ing for weeks in native villages whose tion and reconstruction. He was a rude inhabitants had seldom, and in masterful and determined man and he some instances never, seen a white made some enemies; but no one ques- woman, enduring all sorts of privationed his ability and integrity as an tions, and passing through an astonadministrator, his thorough scientific ishing number of startling adventures knowledge of the Philippines and his and hairbreadth escapes. She tens the devotion to what he believed to be story in a remarkably graphic and their best interests. In 1914, he pub- interesting way and at the same time lished in two volumes the result of his makes a valuable addition to the observations and experience, volumes world's knowledge of African scenery. which were at once recognized as the fauna, flora and peoples, including the most complete and authoritative ac- elusive and little known pygmies. Few count of the Islands. chapters in any book of adventure are The present work is a revised edi- more thrilling than the account of her tion in one handsome volume of the night journey of many miles through original two-volume work. All the valu- the jungles to rescue her husband who able material in the former edition has had been wounded by an enraged elebeen retained but the record has been phant and deserted by his frightened brought down to date, a biographi- native attendants. She took many cal sketch of the author, who died photographs, fifty of which are reproin 1924, and four additional chapters duced in this handsome volume. In 717

spite of her nerve-racking experiences, in New England. His environment, this indomitable explorer is now in therefore, has been advantageous for Africa again, living among the pyg- writing such a story. The chapters mies and making a special study of which relate to the gold rushes, social their life, having undertaken this fifth and intellectual growth, and economic expedition under the auspices of the development are capital.

Brooklyn Museum. The author deems it necessary to correct the many misapprehensions What Is Lutheranism1 Edited by Vir- existent about the climate of Alaska.

gilius Fern. 307 pp. $2.50. Mac- When it is recalled that Alaska is in millan. New York. the same latitude as Norway, Sweden This is a symposium by twelve Lutheran writers all of whom answer and Finland, has a larger arable area the same question. As a result there is some repetition but not enough to than those three countries, and that lesson interest. On the other hand there are significant differences of they support populations running into viewpoint and emphasis and even of opInIOn. While claiming for Luth- millions, it can be seen that climatic eranism a unique unity the writers nevertheless admit the existence of conditions will not ultimately act a8 a differences among Lutherans which are unmistakably wider than some of barrier against the incoming of a the differences between the Lutherans who wrote this book and many non- large population. This is especially Lutherans. true in view of the fact that the reo The identical claims which these authors make for Lutheranism are sources of Alaska are opulent. made by many other Christians for their groups, and many a Presbyterian This volume may be commended to reading here would think that some fellow Presbyterian was setting forth those who wish to have within a rea. their common Presbyterian faith, when as a matter of fact the writer sonable compass an authoritative his.

tory of this possession of the United States. The story of the purchase of Alaska is well told and reads like a romance.

In such a fine volume as this one regrets to find that the silly legend relating to the undue influence of early Presbyterian missionaries at Washington is given so much cre- dence. A. J. MONTGOMERY.

is claiming something which he re- A Padre in Paraguay. By C. E. Newbould. gards as peculiarly and only Lutheran. 192 pp. $2.40. Macmillan. New York.

One is struck by the expected em- This volume contains the narration phasis on the death of Christ and on by a Church of England clergyman of justification by faith, but by the un- his experiences in Argentina, Para· expected neglect of emphasis on the guay and southwestern Brazil during Resurrection. Some of the writers do the twenty years he spent there. He not mention it at all. The affirmations tells of his contacts with the British and inclusions of this volume are in these regions and among them a noble, but its denials and exclusions group of Englishmen who, having are a sad indication of how little after tried a socialistic venture in Australia, all we really know of one another in settled in the wilds of Paraguay. Of the evangelical household. interest to American readers is the ROBERT E. SPEER. author's point of view regarding the Roman Catholic clergy in South HistorY of Alaska. Henry W. Clark. America and his pleasant encounters $2.50. Macmillan. New York. with them.

This modest volume of about 200 He describes his experiences among pages is easily the best modern his- the Indians, explaining many of their tory of that neglected territory. The ancient customs and traditions in a author was born in Alaska and trained most ~ympathetic way. His style is

BOOKS WORTH READING

interesting and intimate, since the missionary, we find the same mingled book is issued "chiefly for his many strength and tenderness that General friends," as we are told in the preface. Gordon had, and rare skill and devo- The atmosphere of remote places is tion in dealing single-handed with the well conveyed to the reader. A chap- wild children of barbarism.

ter describing life in a Brazilian min- ing town is especially impressive. The Lady Missionaries in Many Lands. By E. book is apparently intended for Brit- R. Pitman, $1.

ish readers. It contributes little in- Tells in a bright, readable way the formation concerning Latin American life stories of Ann H. Judson, of Bur- life. S. G. INMAN. mah; Mrs. George Johnston, of the West Indies; Mrs. Samuel Gobat, of Two Pioneers: Life Sketches of Thomas Abyssinia; Mrs. Wilkinson, of Zulu- and Mark Botham of the China Inland land, and Mrs. David Cargill, of the Friendly and Fiji Islands. Mission. By Mrs. Mark Botham. Il- lustrations and map. 168 pp. 58. Mar- shal!, Morgan & Scott. London. 1929. In the Land of the Santals. By Mathew A. Pederson. Revell, New York. $1.25. There is something fascinating and challenging about these sketches of A story of people in North India, two pioneers, father and son, in the describing their lives and customs in far northwest of China. Both were an interesting way. sturdy trail blazers, the former open- ing up that part of China to the Gos- pel in the "'80's" and "'90's" of the BRIEF MENTION last century, the latter constituting the Among the smaller books that have vanguard of specialized missionary ef- recently been published several are fort in behalf of the millions of Chi- now upon our desk that deserve mennese Moslems for whom nothing tion in this department of "Books adequate has even yet been done. The Worth Reading." passionate zeal and unremitting labors of these heroic souls consumed their THE EASTERN COLOUR OF THE BIBLE physical powers before either had (Revell, New York. $1.20), by George lived half the normal span of human H. Scherer, Secretary of the Bible life. But their lives, lived on a lofty Lands Sunday School Union for Chrisspiritual plane and invested in the tian Education, is a well written and noblest of enterprises, bore rich fruit- helpful account of the lives, customs age. The aged widow of Thomas and spirit of the men and women of Botham and a sister of Mark Botham the Old and New Testaments. are still serving devotedly in the China Inland Mission in that distant RED MEN ON THE BIG HORN (Jud- Chinese province of Kansu. The book, son Press, New YQrk. $1) is by Coe written by the widow of the younger Hayne, the well-known Secretary of Botham, displays literary talent, and the American Baptist Home Mission presents interesting pictures of Chi- Society and Chairman of the Joint nese life in the interior and useful Committee on Literature of the Home information about the little-known Missions Council. He tells in a graph- Moslems of that region. A foreword ic way the story of the famous chiefis supplied by Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer. tain, Swift Eagle, based on legends of the Crow Indians as told by Chief R. H. GLOVER. Plenty Crows to his son. The book is full of human interest and is attrac- Captain Allen Gardiner. By Jesse Page. tively illustrated.

80 cents. IN THE WAITING ISLES (Judson A splendid story of a radiant life Press, New York. $1.25) Charles S.

entrusted with the souls of men living Detweiler, Secretary for South Amer- in ignorance and superstition. In this ica of the American Baptist Home fine naval officer who became a great Mission Society, has described his

rich and varied experience as a mis- accept their share of responsibility in sionary among Spanish-speaking peo- making that ideal a reality; and for ples. No man better knows Cuba, all who believe in educating for peace.

Haiti, Porto Rico and the adjacent The eifectivenes,s of many sermons islands, and we do not see how any- and of many addresses at conferences one could have presented their salient and other meetings is so frequently characteristics and their religious marred by faulty delivery, that every- needs in a more cogent way. one who is called upon to preach or INDIA LOOKS TO HER FUTURE speak should read SPEAKING IN PUB- (Friendship Press, New York. $1) LIC, by Arthur Stevens Phelps, (Richis from the competent pen of Oscar ard R. Smith, New York. $2). While MacMillan Buck, Professor of Mis- the book is intended primarily for sions and Comparative Religion in ministers, its wisdom and breadth Drew Theological Seminary. Those make it a good book for all public who do not have the time or inclina- speakers. The author writes out of tion to read the large books on India, long and successful experience as the and who are confused by the conflict- Professor of Public Speaking in the ing reports in the daily press, will find Berkeley Baptist Divinity School.

in this compact little volume just the "AAYI"-GLIMPSES OF ROSALIE HAR- reliable information that they desire. VEY, by A. Donald Miller. (45 pp. Pa- The Church Mi,ssionary Society of per, 50c. Mission to Lepers. London.) the Church of England has set a good This little booklet is a sympathetic example to other missionary boards account of an honored missionary of in publishing the story of its mission- the Zenana Bible and Medical Mission aries' work in the year 1929-1930 in in India, who has labored in a spirit an attractive little volume under the of beautiful devotion for those whom title PRESSING FORWARD (C. M. S., the author calls, "her friends, the London. 40c). lepers."

WHAT'S RIGHT WITH THE RURAL THE MADCAP FAMILY, by Amy Le CHURCH (Presbyterian Board of Feuvre (Pickering and Inglis, London. Christian Education, Philadelphia. $1) is another volume in the Golden 75c paper, $1 cloth) is a suggestive Crown Library Series of books for application of Christian principles to children, the object being to present the problems of rural life, by Ralph the Christian life in the form' of an A. Felton. It presents a large and interesting story. It is an excellent varied amount of information and is book for the Sunday-school library and conveniently arranged for use as a for home reading to boys and girls.

textbook. The following five books are from the publishing hou,se of Pickering and EDUCATING FOR PEACE (Pilgrim Inglis, London, all written from the Press, Boston. $2), by Elizabeth Mil- viewpoint of the verbal inspiration ler Lobingier and John Leslie Lobing- and inerrancy of the Bible and for the ier, is an excellent book for teachers purpose of strengthening faith and who want their work to count in the devotion. cause of world friendship; for parents who want international-mindedness THE INSPIRATION AND ACCURACY OF reflected in the home atmosphere; for THE HOLY SCRIPTURES, by John Urministers who desire to see the church quhart, ($2), discusses the Scripture become an educator for world peace; doctrine of inspiration, the genesis of for church school workers who desire rationalism, and critical results tested to include in the religion they teach by modern discovery. THE GOSPEL OF the most vital problem in the world THE BIBLE, by W. E. Vine, M.A. ($1), today; for the rank and ,file of patri- deals with the central evangelical otic citizens who cherish the ideal of themes of the Bible and the manner world brotherhood and are ready to in which they should be taught. DIF-

The Missionary Review of the World — July 1930

0Jj' THE NEW FORCES IN THlll WlllST

COMING EVENTS A WORD REGARDING TIBET July I-S-GOOD WILL PILGRIMAGE OF To THE EDITOR OF THE MISSIONARY AMERICAN CONGREGATIONALISTS TO THE INTERNATIONAL CONGREGATION- REVIEW: AL COUNCIL, Bournemouth, England. In his article on "A Contrast in July 5-August 17-LAMBETH CONFER- Conditions in China" in the SQptember ENCE OF ANGUCAN COMMUNION, number of the REVIEW, the author London. makes certain statements about Tibet and Dr. A. L. Shelton. Having spent July 8-18-M. E. M. CONFERENCE, Asilo- some time in the study of Tibetan mar, Calif. missions and six years as a member of the Tibetan Christian Mission in Ba- July 22-August I-M. E. M. CONFER- tang, which Dr. Shelton founded and ENCE, Seabeck, Wash. was a member of until his death, I presume to correct these statements. August 5-10-WORLD'S CHRISTIAN EN- DEAVOR CONVENTION, Berlin, Ger- Leaving Roman Catholic Missions many. out of the question, the first Protes- tant work for Tibet was begun on the August 11-22-WORLD CONFERENCE FOR Indian border in 1817. Dr. Shelton INTERNATIONAL PEACE THROUGH RE- never reached Lhasa and certainly LIGION, Basel, Switzerland. never treated the Dalai Lama. It might be that his trip to Chamboo is August 14-25–NATIONAL BAPTIST CON- meant. There he met the Galon Lama, VENTION, Chicago, Ill. but whether he treated him or not I do not know. He did not have an in- August 19-24 – GENERAL CONFERENCE, vitation to open a dispensary there SEVENTH DAY BAPTIST CHURCH, but only permission from Dalai Lama Salem, W. Va. to come to Lhasa if there were no for- eign treaties to the contrary. August 24-27 – EVANGELICAL BROTHER- HOOD, EVANGELICAL SYNOD OF N. A., While on his way to the coast with NATIONAL CONVENTION, Elmhurst, his wife and family, he was captured Ill. and held for ransom by Chinese ban- dits. Later, he returned to America, August 26-29 – CONTINUATION COMMIT- and after he had arrived back in Ba- TEE OF LAUSANNE CONFERENCE ON tang in December, 1921, he made a FAITH AND ORDER, Murren, Switzer- preliminary trip of only a few days land. to see more about his proposed trip into Tibet. It was when he was re- August 30-September 5-CONTINUATION turning from this trfp that he was COMMITTEE OF UNIVERSAL CHRIS- shot by Tibetan bandits within seven TIAN CONFERENCE ON LIFE AND WORK, Vevey, Switzerland. or eight miles of Hatang. 'He was September 14-17-EvANGELICAL BROTH- taken home to Batang, but . died that ERHOOD, EVANGELICAL SYNOD OF N. night.'·" A., NATIONAL CONVENTION, Cleve- land, Ohio. It is not quite proper to speak of China and its depel/,dencies being open September 16-17 – COMMITTEE OF REF- for many years.. Tibet is not open yet. ERENCE AND COUNSEL, FOREIGN MIS- SIONS CONFERENCE OF N. A., New In the National Geographical Mag- York, N. Y. azine for September, 1921, is an ar- ticle by Dr. Shehon, "Life Among the September 17-26 – BIENNIAL GENERAL People of Eastern Tibet," which will CONNCIL OF THE UNITED CHURCH OF check upon what I have said. Mrs. CANADA, London, Ontario. Shelton is still riving, her address be- ing Pamona, CaJifornia. September 29-0ctober 1 – INTERDENOM- INATIONAL MISSIONARY INSTITUTE, Sincerely yours, conducted by the Philadelphia Fed- eration of Churches and the Wom- R. A. PETERSON. en's Interdenominational Union of Philadelphia and Vicinity, Philadel- phia, Pa.

October 7-15-UNITED LUTHERAN CHURCH, Milwaukee, Wis.

October 9-GENERAL CONFERENCE, EVAN- GELICAL CHURCH, Milwaukee, Wis.

October 14-19–INTERNATIONAL CONVEN- TION, DISCIPLES OF CHRIST, Wash- ington, D. C.

October 19-23-WORLD CONVENTION, DIS- CIPLES OF CHRIST, Washington, D. C.

November 30-December 5-NoRTH AMER- ICAN HOME MISSIONS CONGRESS, Washington, D. C. OBITUARY nection with a survey being made of the MRS. PAUL W. HARRISON, a missionary Young Men's and Young Women's Chrisin Arabia of the Reformed Church in America, who with her husband and chil- tian Associations. He will also visit dren was on her way to America on furlough, died at sea May 5. missions in Portuguese Angola and the . * .. .. Belgian Congo.

MRS. MARY ANNESLEY CHAMBERLAIN, DR. E. GRAHAM WILSON, Treasurer of formerly a Presbyterian missionary to Brazil, died March 10, at the age of the Presbyterian Board of National Misninety. She was the widow of the Rev. George S. W. Chamberlain, and together sions, has been elected General Secretary they founded the San Paolo School, now Mackenzie College. to succeed Dr. John A. Marquis.

* .. * *' * * MR. GEORGE KELLEY, missionary of the DR. FRANK K. SANDERS, formerly Dean Shantymen's C h r i s t ian Association, whose work was in northern Ontario, of Yale Divinity School, will attend the died April 8. fiftieth anniversary of the founding of MISS JANET M*. JO*HN*STONE, a Presby- the American Board Mission in West terian missionary to Japan, died May 14 in Buffalo, N. Y., while on furlough. Africa. * .. * Miss Johnstone was stationed at Shimonoseki, Japan, where she taught in MR. E. FRANCIS HYDE has resigned as Sturges Seminary. She had been on the President of the Board of Managers of . .. .. foreign field since 1905. the American Bible Society because of MR. CHRISTOPHER THURBER, Director of the Athens Area of the Near East declining health. Mr. Hyde had served Relief, died May 31, from a paralytic stroke. The funeral was conducted in longer than any member of the present the Cathedral with honors of a retired . . .. general, all expenses were paid by the Board. Government. It was the most impressive tribute ever paid to a foreigner by the THE REV. HARRY SMITH LEIPER has Church and State. The Government was resigned the associate editorship of the represented by three cabinet ministers Congregationalist to become Secretary and the president by his secretary. The of the Commission on Relations with American Minister and his wife were Churches Abroad and the American Secpresent officially and as personal friends. tion of the Life and Work Movement, a The American colony and Athens no- new department of the Federal Council of Churches. . . . tables were present and an enormous * * .. attendance of children and adults whose lives he had touched. MR. JAMES W. HAWKES, for fifty years a missionary in Persia, has completed a PERSONALS translation in the Persian language of W. W. Rand's Dictionary of the Bible.

.. * ..

MR. AND MRS. NOBLE C. KING, for many years active in religious work in Chicago, and who recently returned from a long tour of the mission fields in Asia, have offered to help at their own charges in the missionary work in the Philip- pines, and have been appointed affiliated missionaries of the Presbyterian Board .. . .. to work at Manila.

THE REV. CHARLES A. BROOKS, D.D., THE REV. HUGH T. KERR, D.D., LL.D., pastor of the Shadyside Presl:lyterian was elected Executive Secretary of the Church, of Pittsburgh, and president of the Presbyterian Board of Christian Board of Home Missions of the Baptist Education, was elected Moderator of the General Assembly at its meeting in Cin- Church to succeed the Rev. Dr. Charles cinnati, May 29.

L. White, who retired several months .. * * ago. THE REV. ALBERT W. BEAVEN, D.D., President of the Colgate-Rochester Di- *** vinity School, and a member of the Board of Managers of the American THE REV. G. E. E. LINDQUIST, mission- Baptist Home Mission Society, was elected president of the National Baptist ary-at-Iarge of the Society for Propa- Convention at its recent session.

gating the Gospel Among the Indians, *** oldest incorporated missionary organiza- DR. DAVID YUI, General Secretary Chi- nese Y. M. C. A., will be Chairman of tion in America, has been appointed by the next conference of the Institute of Pacific Relations, which will be held in President Hoover as a member of the China.

Board of Indian Commissioners. Mr.

Lindquist is the only member of this Board actively engaged in missionary work. .. .. * DR. GEORGE E. HAYNES, Executive Sec- retary of the Commission on Race Rela- tions of the Federal Council of Churches, sailed April 9 for South Africa in con- DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor ARTHUR J. BROWN, Editor jor 1930 JULY TABLE OF CONTENTS FRONTISPIECE-NEW FORCES I~ THE WEST INDIES Paye PRESIDENT ANGELL ON OliR COUNTRY'S PERIL AND FOICIER PRESIDEN'l' COOL- IDGE ON THE REMEDy ……………………………………………. . 485 WOMEN IN HOME MISSIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MRS. OaRIN R. JUDD 486 PROBLEMS OF: HOME MISSIONS ……………… . … E. GRAHAM WILSON 4!13 RELIGION OF THE CHRISTIAN CENTER ………… . . … CHARLES A. BROOKS 499 NEW STANDARDS FOR A NEW DAy ………•……………………. MURIEl, DAY 503 COOPERATING IN THE WEST INDIES …….•…………….. SA>IUEI, GUY LOIAN 509 OLD FORTS AND NEW FORCES IN 'rIlE WEST INDIES .•………. EDWARD A. ODELL 512 GETTING ACQUAINTED WITH OUR CARIBB~;AN NEIGIIBORH……………….. 516 SALVAGING LITTLE BLACK SOULS ..•…•••..•.•…•……………. I,n MCCRAE 518 WHAT IS CHANGING INDIA? …•.•••..•.•…•…………… DELAVAN L. PIERSON 521 AMERICAN LUTHERAN FOREIGN MISSIONS …………………… GEORGE DRACH 523 TOPICS OF THE TIMES………………………………………………… 525 MrSS,]ONARY INFORMATION A BUSINESS MAN'S LETTER ARTrcLES ON HOME MISSIONS CHAOS IN CHINA AND INDIA METHODS FOR WORKERS …………………….. EDITED BY lIbs. F. I. JOHNSO" 528 WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN ……………………..••……••.. 535 WORLD WIDE OUTLOOK ………………………………………………….. 541 BOOKS WORTH READING ……………………………….•…..•..•…•….

TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage" 5.Q cents. Single copies, 25 cents. Published monthly. Copyrighted, 1930, by MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC. All rights reserved.

THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, Inc.

ROBERT E. SPEER, Pre8iaent WM. I. CHAMBBRLAIN, Vice-PresIdent DELAVAN L. PIERSON, BecrettJA1l WALTER MCDOUGALL, Treasurer Publication Office, 3d & Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. 215c a copy. $2.50 a year. Editorial aud Business Office, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City Entered as second-cla.s matter at the Post Office, Harrlsburl', Pa., under Act of March 3, 1879.

· Vol. LUI, No.7 July

THE MISSIONARY Of tae President Angell, of Yale University, on Our Country's Peril "I would not paint a picture untrue to the facts, nor one oblivious to the noble and generous qualities widespread among our citizens, both rich and poor. But, in all respect, I do submit that there are abroad in our time tendencies in thought and action which, unchecked and uncorrected, are not less grave in the perils they foreshadow for our people than those which plunged the nation into civil war."-Memorial Day Address, May 30, 1930.

Former President Coolidge on the Remedy MR. STANLEY HIGH, 419 Fourth Avenue, New York City.

Dear Sir: Of course I appreciate the great importance of the celebration which is proposed for the 8th day of June. I have tried to point out a great many times and in a great many different ways the fundamental importance of religion in sustaining our present civilization and government. The whole fabric of society rests upon it. If The Christian Herald can do anything to awaken people to the importance of this principle it will serve a most useful purpose. I do not see any method of improving our social and economic relations except through the teachings of religion. In fact, it is my belief that we have gone as far as we can in progress and reform until we have a more general acceptance of the truths of religion. If these are permitted to slip away from us the progress and reform which we have already accomplished will vanish with them. It is for these reasons that I hope your efforts will meet with success.

With kindest regards, I am May 6,1930. Very truly yours, CALVIN COOLIDGE. 485

IN HOME

BY MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD President, Council of lVQ1ncn for Home Jfissions SOME years ago a painting was It is a vividly symoolic repre- on display in the show window sentation of the missionary enter- of the headquarters office of prise. All missionary history is the Western Union Telegraph Company on lower Broadway, New the story of heroic messengers who York, which called the attention have delivered the message of the of the passerby to the various Gospel of peace to those to whom methods by which through the cen- they were sent regardless of the turies men have communicated hazards to be overcome on the way. It is a story of high adventure, of with one an;)ther. The scene was an infinite variety of methods, of a lovely lafldscape in the fore- cooperation and partnership and ground of which a severe storm intricate organization which repwas raging. ,Driving winds lashed resents steady progress and great the trees and laid low great fields advance from the lone figure of of ripening grain. Torrents of pioneer days; but though there rain, sweeping toward the earth, are many methods the purpose is beat upon the form of a man at always one–to get the messa.ge work among the wires of a tele- through. In the making of this graph pole, and upon his compan- record home missionaries have had ion standing below holding a an important part, and many a receiver to his ear in order to catch glowing page has been contributed the first indication of restored con- by great-hearted women whose nection. In the golden sunlit back- lives have been devoted to making ground beyond the storm was seen, our country God's country and as against a luminous screen, a bringing Christ into every home. phantom procession: a runner straining every nerve, a chariot Home mission interest maniwith eager steeds leaping at the fested itself soon after the early master's command, a lone rider- colonies had become established. the pony express of a century ago The spiritual need of neighboring -and the friendly stage coach that Indian tribes and the religious dessucceeded it and was superseded titution of new settlements along by the mail train. The picture a constantly extending frontier needed only the radio and the air- aroused sympathy in many Chrisplane to bring it down to date. No tian homes. Prayer and concern less arresting was the paragraph resulted in the sending out of beneath it which read in sub- preachers and evangelists for servstance: "In all ages heroic men ice in the remote regions of Verhave defied hardships, dangers, mont and Pennsylvania. Home mission boards of the various comand obstacles of every kind in or- munions came into existence, and der that the message entrusted to the women of the churches gave them might be delivered to those them loyal support. Often the esfor whom it was intended and who tablishment of a school or of a were waiting to receive it." hospital was made possible by sub- 486

WOMEN IN HOME MISSIONS

stantial contributions from indi- years in advance to share the lot vidual women. The interest of the of Negro refugees during the Civil women stimulated the churches to War, receiving only from the Unit- increasing cooperation in the ex- ed States Government soldier's ra- tension of the home mission enter- tions and shelter, from the general prise. Board of her denomination a com- About the beginning of the sec- mission without salary, and from ond half of the nineteenth century, a Bible-school class back home five there arose a demand among wom- dollars a month. Her attitude was en for a greater political and eco- typical of those who were first on nomic independence. This spirit the field.

spread among the mISSIOnary The early method of these pio- women of the churches. The small neer women was absurdly simple and widely separated groups which and yet appallingly difficult. It had supported the general mission was merely to choose to live, to be boards were growing stronger and at home, with people who needed increasing in numbers year by to become acquainted v'ith the win- year. As reports came to them of someness of Jesus Christ. It was the abysmal misery caused by ig- as simple as that and as hard. It norance, intemperance and immor- required love, sympathy, vnder- ality, they took account with grave standing, such as is of the nature concern of the need of Indian of God in Christ. How effectively mothers and children, of the Ne- they carried their simple message groes in the cabins of the South, . of living is indicated in the testi- of the fifteen million Mexicans in mony given by an educated Chris- the neighboring republic, of the tian Indian, now a pastor, at a Alaskans at the North, and the missionary conference: "We knew multitudes of aliens flocking to that Americans believed that the America from all parts of the only good Indian is a dead Indian, world. They saw in the situation and we had the same feeling to- of these groups an opporunity for ward the Americans. Then came service which they believed could your women mIssIOnaries. They best be rendered by women work- came alone and lived among US ing through independent organi- unafraid and taught us the better zations administered by women. way, the way of friendship and The first Women's Home Mission goodwill that Christ commands."

Society was formed in Chicago in The quick response of the wom- 1877, and soon the era of woman's en of the churches to their nationnational home mission Ilervice was al leaders opened new paths which well under way. extended not only to Indians, but In some instances women mis- also to Negroes, Orientals, Span- sionaries had not waited for or- ish-speaking peoples in the South- ganized support or assistance, but west, and immigrants from a score had set out alone in a courageous of countries, and to the underpriv- venture of faith singing in their ileged homes of the older Ameri- hearts, "The Lord will provide." can stock.

They did not shrink from the lone- Education walked hand in hand ly task, the solitary road. They with evangelism. Schools manned gloried in it. Thus one of these by devoted Christian teachers pioneers had gone forth thirteen marked the advance of the wom-

an's home mission society. Pri- Christian nurse. Here and there mary schools they were at first, where the need is most appalling providing most elementary in- or where there would be unjust struction, but advancing the re- discrimination against "believers," quirements of the courses step by the Christian hospital stands as a step as the awakened capacities of beacon light of hope, not only students demanded, until today bringing blessing to the sick but they represent the full scope of ed- training young girls for service as ucational opportunity from kinder- nurses to their own people. Can garten to university. Sometimes one living in a country where there the mission school awakened the are scores of hospitals in a single public conscience to the obligation city have an adequate idea of the of the State to provide educational need in ~ country where there are THE WOMEN'S WARD AT THE PRESBYTERIAN HOSPITAL IN SAN JUAN. PORTO RICO. '.rHE HOSPITAL SERVES THE NEIGHBORING ISLANDS AS WELL AS DISTANT SANTO DOMINGO AND VENEZUELA privileges impartially, and so be- scores of cities without one hoscame the pathfinder for free pital? There are hundreds as poor schools open to all children. Some as the patient in one of these misof the finest educational institu- sion hospitals who recently put intions in the country are memorials to the doctor's hands a small paper to the Christian women who served bag containing two green bananas, as missionary teachers. two radishes and two carrots, say- ing: "Will this pay for my treat- Nor was the ministry to the sick ment?" To such as these has the as an evangelizing influence neg- missionary doctor been sent. lected. In clinics, day nurseries and poverty stricken homes the The unique contribution of womhealing hand of the Great Physi- en's home missions to the Chriscian is today laid upon thousands tian Church is the missionary otherwise uncared for and some- training school, of which the first times doomed to die save for the one was founded fifty years ago.

WOMEN IN HOME MISSIONS

Shortly after women's mission prayer, for cooperation in interboards had begun to function, they denominational conferences and became convinced that successful schools of missions, for the promissionary work required a certain duction of home mission study technique which could be acquired books and literature, for the cultionly by specialized training and vation of home mission interest study. The great number of such among students, and for closer feltraining schools now preparing lowship and conference. young people for various forms of Christian service bears testimony In February, 1916, a new chalto the wisdom which originated the idea. lenge was issued to the Christian The Spanish-American War Church. The Congress on Chrisbrought new opportunities for ex- tian Work in Latin America was pansion to all home mission agen- held in Panama. It brought tocies, at the same time putting gether leading men and women emphasis on cooperation. The from many boards to study the principle of interdenominational needs of South and Central Amercooperation in the missionary oc- ica. Great fields of opportunity cupation of Cuba and Porto Rico and responsibility were visioned in effected a better distribution of de- the populous countries of Central nominational responsibility than America, and from those days the had ever before been worked out. leaders returned to summon the In addition to assuming the care churches to an agressive forward of work in certain separate areas, movement. In mission stations the several denominations agreed and schools since opened in some to unite in plans for a hospital, a of the principal cities, women's training school, a theological sem- societies have already reaped the inary, and in the publication of a reward of a bountiful harvest in church paper. In all these plans redeemed and redeeming lives that women's boards were concerned. are telling for Christ in the Carib- bean area. Twenty years of women's home mission service had drawn the A missionary project of outleaders of the several boards into standing importance was undera close fellowship of mutual help- taken in Santo Domingo in 1921, fulness, when in the year 1897 the when five mission boards, of which observance of an interdenomina- two were women's organizations, tional day of prayer for Home united in the Board of Christian Missions was introduced by re- Missions in Santo Domingo to work gional committees both in the East as one for the evangelization of and Middle West. There was a the Island. Through this Board growing tendency to think and as a unit missionaries are sent to work together in this and several carry out a program which compreother projects. hends in addition to evangelistic work and the establishment of In 1908, nine women's boards churches, social service, an indusunited to form the Council of trial school, a hospital, and a Women for Home Missions, which nurses' training school. thenceforth became the agent for the annual national observance of In ministering to city populaan interdenominational day 0 f tions women have found an incom- parable field of service. Scores of Christian settlement houses known

as community or neighborhood the Council has had charge of the houses or Christian centers are production of home mission litera- distributed among the more im- ture. For years this business was portant industrial centers of our carried on independently. Since country. Sometimes they minister 1919, it has been conducted as a to a single group, such as the In- business partnership with the Mis- dian, the Negro, the Mexican, or the sionary Education Movement. A Chinese; more often a score of na- J oint Committee on Home Mission tionalities are within reach of their Literature is responsible for books friendly influence. In the staff and helps for adults, intermediates which conducts the activities of a and other younger groups and for Christian center women usually the helps which accompany the constitute the majority of the textbooks each year. The sales of workers, but men and women work the adult book for last year totaled together to make the center a nearly 50,000 copies.

Christian home for every family Through the years the observin the community. From this ance of the Day of Prayer has atgracious ministry among a church- tracted increasing interest. Womless people w~lO would have feared en's sympathies were enlarged in to enter an American church, have the precious fellowship of prayer sprung foreign language churches until thlil world need was seen as of many nationalities, independent, one. In response to a general wish self-governing, radiant centers of for a united day of prayer, the Christian influence. One of the Council in 1921 began cooperation most valuable assets of a Christian with the Federation of Woman's center is a group of members from Boards of Foreign Mission's in the est a b 1ish e d English-speaking preparation of a program to inchurches who serve as volunteers clude both Home and Foreign Misin making friendly contacts with sions. This continued until in 1927 the mothers in the homes, either the invitation was extended to teaching English or household arts women round the world, many of or simply carrying on friendly in- whom had for years observed such a day. Since then the first Friday tercourse in the spirit of the slo- in Lent has been annually observed gan: "For every American Chris- as a World Day of Prayer. In this tian a foreign-speaking friend." World Fellowship of Christian There is no other method like it for Women thirty-five countries had a Christian Americanization.

While the Council of Women for share last year.

Home Missions serves the twenty- Ten years ago the Council heard four constituent boards, in which "the cry of the children" through are included three from Canada, as an interpreter of the forlorn con- an opportunity for fellowship and dition of the two millions compos- conference, it may be charged with ing the migrant population who certain administrative powers and follow the crops, gathering fruits, act as the agent in cooperative or vegetables, nuts and working on united effort for several or all farms and in the canneries. A boards whenever it is agreed that Committee was formed of repre- a given object can be better ac- sentatives of the boards which complished collectively than indi- were ready to respond to the ap- vidually. Since its organization peal to establish a sort of summer

WOMEN IN HOME MISSIONS

Christian center, day nursery and were friends available to provide playground program wherever the very greatly needed Christian suitable places could be found and leaders to teach them. Up to the college girls placed in charge. The present it has been possible to apwork has grown beyond all expec- point directors to only eight of tations, growers and canners coop- these nonreservation s c h 0 0 I s. erating to such an extent as to United Protestantism thus has conmake the work in some places self- tact with only about 3,000 of these supporting. Fourteen boards now original Americans. The necessity cooperate through the Committee. .for taking a larger share should The income has increased from a burden the heart of every Chrissingle gift of $25 in 1921 to a tian woman in the land until the budget for 1930 which anticipates need is met.

receipts of nearly $15,000. To The Council of Women for Home name the states in which the work Missions cooperates with other nais being conducted shows how widely it is distributed and how great is the need. It is for chil- dren who would "like to go to school, but not to ten schools in a year" that these stations in Cali- fornia, Oregon, Washington, Ohio, Maryland, New Jersey, Delaware, mean a look into the life that God intended every child to enjoy.

In cooperation with the Home Missions Council, the Council of Women is seeking to provide an adequate program of religious edu- cation for Indian boys and girls in Government Indian Schools. For HANDWORK HOUR AT A MIGRANT years that field was practically un- CENTER touched, except for work under- tional organizations such as the taken at a few points by Presby- Home Missions Council, the Fed- terian and Baptist women's boards. eral Council of the Churches of About ten years ago the two Coun- Christ in America, the Federation cils appointed a Joint Committee of Woman's Boards of Foreign to study methods of procedure in Missions, and the recently organ- this task which it was believed ized National Council of Federated could best be accomplished by the Church Women. Sometimes alone, pooling of denominational inter- sometimes together with one or ests. Two years ago Miss Helen more of those named, questions are M. Brickman was appointed as Di- considered which were heretofore rector of this work to unify, deepen thought to be beyond the recog- and promote as rapidly as possible nized spheres of missionary ac- a religious education program. tivity and thinking. Such matters There are wonderful opportunities as race relations are made subjects fnr Christian instruction among not merely of study but of ex- the 30,000 boys a.nd girls in Gov- perience, of adventures in mutual ernment Indian schools, if there understanding and courtesy. It

cooperates with the National Com- cumbent upon certain groups withmittee on the Cause and Cure of in the Church but is recognized as War and with the National.Com- the task of the whole Church. Anmittee on Law Enforcement. other lesson learned is that all are rhrough the Women's Joint Con- members one of another. Indegressional Committee an intelli- pendence has to give way to intergent interest is maintained in dependence. legislation affecting the welfare of women and children and of disad- With experience has come envantaged peoples. larged vision of the magnitude and significance of the tasks of Home Cooperative thinking and plan- Missions. We know it requires ning, undreamed of when women's women of trained minds, broad boards came into being, has pro- sympathies, great vision. But that gressively advanced toward a gen- is not enough. Is the vision affecteral adoption of unified denomina- ing our lives, changing our contional programs, in some cases to consolidation of women's boards duct, our attitudes? The challenge with the general boards of a de- of today is not to do more so-called nomination and in still other in- great things but to do the apstances toward a union of one de- parently little things with the nomination with another. That great spirit of devotion that charthis occasions perplexity among acterized the early messengers. the leaders of women's groups is The challenge today is not to inevitable. One result established the organization but to the indiby the years of missionary advance vidual, to the woman in the local is that the missionary task is no church to do the daily humble servlonger considered optional or in- ice as unto Him. There is no escape from individual responsibility.

LANGUAGES USED IN HOME MISSIONARY WORK The polyglot character of home missionary work in America and the well-nigh bewildering range and variety of the problems that it presents are graphically indicated in the following list of languages in which home missionary work is conducted.

Syrian Hebrew ASIATIC Assyrian Total-8 Chinese Persian Korean Armenian Japanese Welsh English EUROPEAN Polish Slovenian Italian French Russian Total-21 German Greek Czech Lithuanian Spanish Portuguese Croatian Ukrainian Dutch Serbian Norwegian Yiddish Slovak Magyar NORTH AMERICAN Seneca PaPago Nez Perce Shoshone Cherokee Thlinget Apache Quiniaelt Arapahoe Choctaw Eskimo Mohave Cayuse Sioux Creek Hyda Navajo Umatilla Ojibway Seminole Makah Omaha Keresani Tsimpshean Paiute Spokane Ute Yaqin . Pima Hoopa Maricopa Mono Shevwits Tanoan Total-34 Grand Total of Languages Used ……………………………… 63

OF HOME

BY THE REV. E. GRAHAM WILSON"

H OME Missions is the Church He gave as they toiled, often under in action in America. Christ terrific stress and strain; and for did not establish the Church the many other blessings which He merely to provide centers for wor- has bestowed. This work is of God ship and religious training, im- -otherwise it would not have been portant as they are. His purpose possible to have carried the burden was that from the Church there and to have achieved the results.

should go out those influences that There is a .new frontier before should establish the Kingdom of the Church in America-a frontier God, which is nothing less than the which calls for the same devotion rule of Christ in the hearts of men. and consecration as was demanded And so the Church from the be- by the frontier of old. This new ginning has been a missionary frontier is the American city and Church, ever seeking to proclaim its suburbs. America started as a the Christian message to all men- rural nation; it has become an urbeginning "in Jerusalem, and in all ban nation. According to the cen- Judea, and in Samaria, and unto sus of 1920, over 52,000,000 people the uttermost part of the earth." lived in towns and villages with a I stand in the place of one of the population of 2,500 or over. There greatest statesmen and leaders our are 68 cities of over 100,000 popu- Church has ever had-John A. lation, and six metropolitan dis- Marquis-who after forty years of tricts with a population over service has had to lay down his 450,000. While there are still racial tools. His leadership during the groups and underprivileged people past six years, filled with the most to whom we must take the Gospel, difficult problems, was superb. He we must increase our efforts to was loved by all his associates and establish the Church in our cities by a host of ministers and workers and their suburbs. throughout the Church, who saw and felt in him the spirit of his A statesmanlike and heroic ef- Master and theirs. The work will fort is being made to win for go on, but it will go farther and it Christ this new frontier. Boards will be easier because of his labors. of Church Extension have been or- ganized and are functioning ag- We are grateful to God for many gressively in many of our large things–for the generous support cities. There is not time to speak of churches and individuals; for of the advances which many of the consecrated service of missionaries; for· His watchful care over them have made and of their plans for the future. Reference can be the staff as they traveled hither made to only one-Detroit-which and yon, and the strength which in many respects is similar to • Mr. Wilson has recently bee,! elected Gen. others. A careful survey of the eNraatlioSneaclreMtaisrsyionosf, tNheew PYroesrkb,ytiennasunccBesosairodn toof CI°ty madebyte h CounC'I1· f oMn aarcqcuoisunwt hoof was 0 ttohe rReseivg.nDlra.sJtohynearA. was ohbelalgltehd. Churches in 1927 and districts II Bl-olrardVfiolsronfoubradyeabrese.n Tthhies aTrrteicalseuriesr. adofapttehfd> W ere assl'gned to the coo"peratl'ng fArossmembhliys lIansatugmuoranlt address to The General denominations. .Funds were se- h.-Edito r.

493

cured in a building campaign to the trails leading into the valleys undertake a seven-year program of on four sides of the mountain.

church building. Church plants These lights are lanterns or torches have either been newly built or re- carried by those who are to as- modeled. New churches have come semble for worship, and as the into existence and are growing hour for service arrives converge satisfactorily. In addition to these from a dozen trails. The visitor church enterprises, new mission asked the missionary why he put Sunday-schools-with attendance the chapel on the hill. "People will ranging from 150 to 300 each- go up to God's house," he said.

have been organized. What is be- Perhaps the Psalmist had this in ing done in Detroit, is being dupli- mind when he said, "We will lift cated in other cities, and ought to up our eyes unto the hills." The be done in all our large cities. The chapel is far from a public high- Ameri(,!a of the future will be a way and further still from a rail- country of cities, and if we are to road. Those who visit it must ford win our nation for Christ, we must a river seven times and climb strengthen the Church in the cities. mountains reaching to a height of Other outstanding accomplish- four thousand feet. The district is ments during the past year might typical of rural Porto Rico, rugged be noted. I would like to tell of the and picturesque. People are found progress of the work among the everywhere, and the native church Negroes, the Alaskans, the Porto is following them. The Gospel of Ricans, the Orientals, the Indians, Christ is still the power of God unto the Mormons, the Migrant Groups, salvation to communities and indi- the West Indians, the Jews, the viduals alike. Great victories have Spanish-speaking people of the been won. The cause of Christ has Southwest and other groups. The been advanced in our country. We story reads like a romance. When are grateful to God for what has several Mexican boys and girls in been accomplished. But let us not Southern California were talking forget to give credit to those to about Christmas, one little lad whom it belongs. The churches and looking at the rough boards of the individuals have given generously temporary room in which the re- of their means. A few of us have ligious services were held, ex- attempted to administer the work.

claimed: "I think the very best But the real work has been done present that Santa Claus could give by the workers. What a group they us would be a place where we are! Many are men and women could feel God." That is the great with social graces and large men- need of these idealistic people-an tal capacities-all of them con- opportunity to "feel God." secrated and loyal to their Lord- A visitor, recently returned from enduring hardships, making untold Porto Rico, has described the serv- sacrifices, and counting it a joy to ice in one of the new chapels in the have a share in making America district of Chamorro. It is an in- Christian. Their devotion is illus- spiring sight, reports the visitor, to trated in the experience of one of stand upon the mountain top be- our Sunday-school missionaries in side the little chapel and hear the New Mexico. In his rounds among bugle call to service. In a little his families, he found a man who while lights begin to appear along had been stricken with an acute

PROBLEMS OF HOME MISSIONS

illness. He did what he could for with emphasis uncommon in an him, but soon realized that he Indian, "Nothin' stop him! Nothin' would die unless a physician could stop him!" That is the story of be secured. But the nearest doctor the Coolidge Dam. was in Albuquerque-118 miles away. Undaunted, he started at We face a new year. The past nine o'clock in the evening and, six years have been a period of after driving over terrible roads, adjustment and experimentation. ruts, high centres, stumps and A fine morale and esprit de corps mud, finally reached the doctor's characterize the workers. The time home. When he had told his story, is ripe for a forward movement. the doctor agreed that he would There are certain opportunities go back with him to care for the which must be met. sick man. Taking a nurse with them, everything for operating and We should consider anew the food for several meals, they started place and the relative importance back at half past three in the of the various tasks in which we morning. Reaching the sick man, are engaged.New days bring new they found an operation was nec- conditions and new problems, and essary. The doctor sterilized his these in turn require new enterinstruments, cleared a room, prises and new methods. All of lengthened a library table with a Christendom is recognizing the imbox for an operating table, and portance and the strategy of proused a dining table for his instru- moting a practical program of ments. The operation was success- religious education, both for the ful, and the man made a complete purpose of meeting the present recovery. need of the rising generation, and for the purpose of building the There are few missionaries more Church of the future in a way that favorably known than Dirk Lay, will insure its onward march and who is devoting his life to the Pima final conquest. The Church has Indians in Arizona. He discovered been too adult-minded in the past. that their greatest economic need Our program of evangelism, our was water for irrigation. Proceed- forms of worship, and our pastoral ing to Washington, he interested service are largely suited to the certain members of Congress in his needs of the adult members of the problem, and after several years of community and the Church. We working and waiting, the Coolidge need to realize the significance of Dam was finally constructed, and His action when Jesus set a little this past winter dedicated by the child in the midst of His disciples, ex-President. Prayer was said on in answer to their question: "Who is the greatest in the Kingdom of that occasion by Dirk Lay, and Heaven?" The Church spends milproperly so, for he had prayed that lions annually in the development of its service to men and women, dam into existence. The Indian while hungering children wait who sat on the platform when the ex-President spoke, an elder in Dr. without. Yet there can be no Lay's church and President of the growth for the Church of the fu- Society of Indians there assembled, ture if these children are negin speaking of Dr. Lay's energy lected.

and persistence in securing this The latest statistics in the Anwater for his people's land, said, nual Report of the International

Council of Religious Education felt very badly about it. He tried (February, 1930), reveal a situa- to persuade his father to give it tion which must challenge the up, but he refused. One day Pete devotion and missionary spirit of took an axe and smashed his still. every follower of Christ. They His father drove him from the show that the population of the house, and Pete was for some time United States under twelve years a kind of homeless waif until a of age only, numbers 27,550,031. home was found for him with some The statistics of all religious de- good Christian people where he nominations-Protestant, Catholic' and Jewish-indicate a total en- could work for his board and go to rollment in church schools of only high-school. 13,848,759-just about one-half of the total. The number of American Last fall his friends raised some children, therefore, under twelve money, and with what Pete had years of age, untouched by any re- earned and saved during the sumligious organization, is 13,681,273. mer, it was enough to send him to one of our colleges and pay his "If," says this report, "notable expenses for the first semester. Pete was terribly homesick at first, statesme.1 and prophets and busi- but he has gotten over that now, ness men are right in their recent and is enthusiastic about the colstatements that the future of civil- lege, and is ambitious to make ization depends upon the develop- something of himself. At the close ment of a consciousness of spiritual of the first semester, he wrote to values and a willingness to live by his friends to tell them the outthem, and if educators are right in come. Four of his final grades for their conviction that attitudes and the semester were A and the fifth habits are formed in the early was B. He made the highest averyears, which give direction to char- age in the whole college. This is acter and to later life, then aggres- the kind of thing that makes Home sive effort must be put forth by all Missions worth while. evangelical denominations to enlarge their programs to include In the field of comity, much has been accomplished, but there rethese unchurched children." mains much more to be done. The norm of one church for every 1,000 Pete Fomenki was one of this rural population was adopted at group of boys unreached by any the National Church Comity Conreligious influence. Pete is a ference two years ago, and yet miner's boy who lost a leg from there are many communities in trying to hop a freight train, and this country with populations of 1,000 or less and two and three had to have a new wooden leg last struggling churches. Instead of summer, which some of his new- one strong church with adequate found friends in Ohio bought for leadership, there are two or three him. They feel that Pete sort of weak churches, exerting little inbelongs to them. A year ago he fluence, and the community is behobbled five miles along country ing paganized. Weare doing roads through winter weather, to everything in our power to discourattend some preaching services age this kind of a situation, and conducted by John Sharpe, the will continue to do so. But a board "Children's Bishop," and gave his heart to the Lord Jesus. Pete's can do very little. The final authorfather was a bootlegger and Pete

ity rests with the ecclesiastical through on my knees. Finally I bodies, and we hope that during came to realize that a divided Protthe coming year this matter will be estantism could not maintain itself carefully studied and definitely in this congested cosmopolitan dealt with by the local units which area. It became a religioUS convicmake the appropriations. tion with me that as Christians we must learn to work side by side in Some progress has been made a united program." in this matter during the past year. In Minnesota, a conference was Twelve years ago, the Board atheld at which each small church tempted to advance the minimum was carefully studied and a defi- salary for pastors of aided churchnite program worked out. Combi- es to $1,500 and manse. Under nations have been made which have present conditions this minimum, resulted in the saving of mission- as a policy, is too low. Leaving ary funds and increasing the ef- aside the Indian and Negro minisficiency of the local church. Prog- ters, 65 % of whom receive $1,000 ress has also been made along this or less, usually without a manse, line in Ohio, North Dakota and the distribution of salaries for 923 other synods, ministers under the Board is as An outstanding illustration of follows: 19% receive $1,200 or church union is the experience of Trinity Centre in San Francisco. less, about one half of these with- Palm Sunday morning last, a pro- out a manse; 22.6% more receive $1,500 or less, about one-third of cession led by the Municipal Band these without a manse; 31.4% marched from Trinity Centre to more receive $1,800 or less, about the Grace Methodist Episcopal two-thirds of these without a Church two blocks distant. There, manse; 27 % receive over $1,800, with a congregation of a thousand, nearly one-half of these without a was celebrated the union in one manse. commanding city project of four Protestant city churches, two Con- Other types of workers, particugregational, a Methodist and a larly teachers and community Presbyterian. Easter Sunday fol- workers, receive less than a realowing, 1,700 persons attended the sonable minimum. There are inemorning service of these federated qualities in the scale of salaries c h u r c h e s. Each of the four paid between sections of the counchurches maintains its identity try, and to a certain extent beand its denominational affiliations. tween units. There are also marked Property vests in the denomina- inequalities along racial lines. A tion providing it. The control of genuine advance in the scale of the general activities is vested in salaries should be initiated. It is a Board of Control-six members our first duty to see to it that our from each denominational group. missionaries are paid a living The pastor of the Methodist wage. If this is done, however, it will call for increased giving from Church said not long since: "Dur- the churches, or the discontinuance ing the past three years I have be- of some of the going work. come very humble. Several times I have realized that our church pro- The program of a Board of gram was near defeat, and on each Home Missions is a varied one. It occasion I fought the problem conducts schools, it operates hos- pitals and dispensaries, it seeks to 2

raise the economic life of the peo- whose life is fully given to his ple, it provides community centres Lord. And if we are to win Amer- and houses of neighborly service, it ica for Christ there must be a re- furnishes itinerant missionaries vival of prayer and consecration and supplies pastors of established on the part of both people and pas- churches. It does many things, but tors. Weare now celebrating the it does them all with one purpose- anniversary of Pentecost. Follow- to bring men and women, boys and ing that experience of 1900 years girls, under the dominion of Jesus ago, the disciples went out filled Christ. This is the motif that runs with the Holy Spirit to turn the through all the work. This is the world upside down for Christ. As final test of efficiency.' they went they were conscious of The Board has sought through the presence of the Paracleteevangelistic conferences and con- "the One by their side"-inspiring, ventions to inspire the Church at guiding and strengthening them in large to a program of soul-win- their divine task. Our great need ning. The results, while not what today is for the presence of this they should have been, are most same Paraclete in our lives, inspirgratifying.' Representatives of ing us to go out and win our blesschurches have gone back from the ed land for our Lord and Saviour. conventions to their churches and organized programs which, in some God is the greatest need of cases, have doubled the member- America-not gold-the God reship of their churches. But most vealed by His Son, Jesus Christ. of the churches that have made He alone can meet our deepest these advances are in the cities and needs. He alone can give us that moral and spiritual foundation towns. The churches in the vil- without which the material devellages and open country have been opment that has come to America l~st productive evangelistically, will be' our ruin. Let us put Him and plans should be formulated first in all our thinking and in all for reaching these churches from our planning-put Him upon the which in the past many of our Throne where He belongs. For leaders have come. it's- We have been considering some Not by the might of maddened men, of the accomplishments of the past year and some of the advances Not by the statesman's shrewdest scheme, And not by reason's clearest ken, We realize life's golden dream. which ought to be made. But I For kings will rise and fall in vain, have been conscious of the inability of the churches to do these Exploiting greed still take its gain, things in their own strength. "It is New knowledge bring increasing pain, Till He rules in the hearts of men.

not by might, nor by power, but Then forth, ambassadors of peace by the Spirit of God" that these To captive souls the wOl'ld around' things have been and will be done. Proclaim good tidings of release ' Wherever some victory. has been For men by selfish folly bound. For music, poesy and mirth won, there you will find a band of In righteousness and truth have birth, praying Christians, led by one And light and love will flood the earth When He rules in the hearts of men:

OF THE CHRISTIAN

BY THE REV. CHARLES A. BROOKS, D.D. ~ W HAT is it we have under- place in the life of the individual, taken to do in some thirty the home and the community; in Christian centers across the other words, the regeneration of country? Are we experimenting every life and all of life.

01' demonstrating? What are the The first spontaneous and raobjective and program? While we frankly avail ourselves of the best diant faith of the followers of technique of social science our un- Jesus crystallized into an ecclesidertaking is at heart religion. But astical institution. It is difficult what is the religion of the Chris- for any of us and well nigh impostian Center? sible for most of us to conceive that what we know as conventional re- Briefly the answer is: It is the ligion ever functioned in any other religion of Jesus and the early dis- way. We identify Christianity with ciples; the religion of Carey and ecclesiastical architecture, rituals, Judson, of Livingstone and Clough. forms, ceremonies, creeds, stated Stated negatively: It is not "an- appointments. In the springtime other gospel" but an endeavor to interpret intelligibly the Gospel of of Christianity the religion of Jesus. It is not the theory of religion but its practise. It is not the Jesus was a way of life. Every utterance of religious formulas but Christian horne was a Christian the release of the spiritual dynamic Center; every meal was a love of the Gospel. It is, frankly, not feast; the disciples practised for a conventional, institutionalized re- while a voluntary community of ligion but the free expression of property and the first recorded atthe living spirit of the living and tempt at organization was for the present Lord in any method or purpose of welfare and relief. through any medium He inspires. They had no constitution nor by- laws, no rules nor creed. Their life At a meeting of official represent- was the spontaneous overflow of a atives of general and local mis- great love, the exuberance of a new birth. It gave birth to a new social sionary organizations and the life. New social motives and enervarious Christian Centers the ob- gies were released and love and jective and purpose was stated in faith was the social dynamic. the following classic paragraph: Church history is the record of The purpose of the Christian the tendency, constantly repeated, Center is so to interpret the Gospel of the free life of the Spirit to beby teaching and service as to make come frozen into rigid forms and for Jesus Christ a commanding institutions, broken up only by *Dr Brooks has recently been ejected Execu- revolutions owfhitchhe raebleuansdeadntaglaI'ifne tlve Secretary of the Baptist Home Mission the forces SDorc. ieCtyh.arNleesw IY…orkW, hiinte,suwccheossiorentirtoedthseeyR-eerva.l Whl'ch l'S l'n Chrl'st and which can imnonctihtys aagnod. hHome ehamsishsaiodn vwalourakb,legoeixnpgenfernocme the pastorate to the Secretaryship of the Cleve- never be conventionalized nor conland Baptist Association and then In 1914 to fined in any institution. t~;;'sp"%.a~imt'l:': B'!pfi~V ::~:e F~~~f~;sro~~;r;. A community is a social fact. hFeollboewgainng hai. apbroe-syeenatrsd' uptiaesstoMraatye 1I,n19C3h0i.cago, The church is a factor in the life 499

of the community and inseparable In a famous New England city from it. It is rooted in and grows the old First Baptist Church buildout of the community. Its charac- ing with a remodeled spire is now ter is determined by the type of occupied by an Italian Catholic the community. This is a simple social fact even though we are church. It is the familiar story of strangely reluctant to acknowledge the removal of the membership, it. In our changing cities, typical the changed community necessitat- ing the changed location of the of our new and more shifting com- institution which was created by munity conditions in America, we the membership. Across the corare always being confronted by ner from the old First Church this fact. If' the community stood a splendid plant at' another changes the change affects the Protestant church likewise rechurch. If the community is pros- moved. Recently our denominaperous the church is prosperous. tional missionary societies united If the community is depressed the in purchasing the property, which church is depressed. For some un- is a combined Christian Center and accountable reason we persist in a a home for an Italian Baptist belief that the church as a divine church. institution is independent of the community, and like the sheet let The Christian Center is the modown from heaven in Peter's vi- bilization of the best social and sion, the church is conceived of as religious forces in an intensified suspended in the air. pro g ram of ministry to the changed and changing community We are familiar with this expe- life of American industrial and rience in the case of many of our foreign communities. notable churches where our most gifted preachers once reigned. If The religion of the Christian they were to return to those same Center is characterized by reality. pulpits today they would preach It confronts not a theory but a to empty pews. We bewail the de- condition and fearlessly faces the cline of religion and the most facts. It does not demand or wait heroic efforts are put forth to for favorable circumstances or a maintain the tradition of family ready made situation. It is not the church life in utterly changed com- hot-house variety of religion which munities. withers under a change in temper- ature. It is a brave venture of faith Nat only are we confronted with in the face of the circumstances bechanged conditions in old commu- fore which conventional and instinities but we are called upon to tutional religion has steadily given face the religious and social challenge of hundreds of new commu- way in similar American communities which have been created by nities. In selecting the site for a our modern industrial life and peo- Christian Center the one prerequipled by immigrants with utterly site is the center of need. different traditions from our own. The religion of the Christian What answer have we to make Center is Christian Patriotism. I to these perfectly familiar facts in do not refer to that blatant paour American life? The answer triotism which finds expression which we are making is the Chris- only in the beating of drums and tian Center. military pomp and insignia. Nor do I mean the conventional "100

RELIGION OF THE CHRISTIAN CENTER

per cent Americanism" so called, a belief in the supreme worth of which is the negation of true human personality above all ma- American democracy. Democracy terial wealth; here is love and is not a political formula but a sympathy and understanding, and spirit of brotherhood. May I quote the assurance that the fulness of from the introduction of one of life which is the purpcse of a lov- my own books, "Through the Sec- ing Father is to come from the liv- ond Gate": The Outer Gateway to ing Spirit of Christ in the regen- America has swung wide and free .eration of every life and all of life.

and through it thirty million of It is our task to keep wide open human folks have passed in the that Second Gate and highly to re- last one hundred years. Eager, ex- solve that none shan miss the way.

pectant, from everywhere they The Christian Center is a Statue came with high hopes and bright of Liberty standing at this second dreams. To enter was heaven. To gate as a symbol of the true Amerbe turned back meant black de- ica. It has become in the experispair. ence of thousands a Plymouth But this gate is an Iron Gate. Rock, where new Americans have It admits these newcomerS to in- begun their real exploration and dustrial America, to her mills and discovery of America. The Chrismines, her grind and grime, to her tian Center is an outpost of Amersub-American slums and her ugly ican idealism and democracy. foreign colonies. Mutterings and Some of us have no sympathy rumblings of subterranean discon- with forced Americanization any tent and unrest portend danger more than compulsory baptism. and menace to America. Back The Christian Center is to make through this gate have turned mil- Americanism winsome and attraclions, disillusioned of their bright tive. Its method is not that of the dreams, bereft of their high hopes, "drive" or the "campaign" but with enthusiasm and health left rather that of education and trainbehind in what they had once ing relying on spiritual processes spoken of as the Promised Land. to achieve what must be a spiritual There is a Second Gate–an In- result if American ideals are to ner Gate. It is a Golden Gate mean anything at all. The workers which opens upon the America of in our Christian Centers are the our ideal and theirs. It is a land Reception Committee. They stand of happy childhood, of playgrounds in the receiving line to welcome to and schools and libraries and the inner and better America all churches; of friendly folk with the who really seek the Promised love of God in their hearts which Land.

is manifest by love for their fellow- The religion of the Christian men. Within this gate there is toil, Center is a religion of interpre- but it is toil with courage and hope tation. This is Bunyan's House of of a fair share of the reward of the Interpreter. The traditional honest toil. Here in this America background of these communities the newcomer is admitted to a is not the background of evangel- share in the making of America ical America. The old world en- and his gifts are not despised. And vironment has been transplanted the secret of this inner, this better to American soil, and yet the immi- America, is a living faith in God, grant does not bring all of his en-

vironment. The tragedy is he often prerequisites of this ministry is leaves the best of it behind, its the presence in residence, and com- sanctities and world-old traditions, plete identification with the com- which seem to him as strangely out munity for better or for worse, of· of place in this garish America as men and women who embody the his picturesque costume. But there ideals and incarnate the spirit of are old world superstitions and Jesus. The presence of the foreign prejudices and hatreds which are missionary and the establishment out of place here and these he is . of a Christian home are indispen- sure to bring-old world bitterness sable to the evangelization of any and hatred of conventional religion foreign field. Like Paul on ship- as he knows it at home, religion board, storm-tossed, these workers which was in alliance with political are identified with those that sail reaction and tyranny, intimately with them and bear the commu- allied and strongly buttressing so- nity's need upon their hearts.

cial injustice and inequality. And The religion of the Christian so we have often a combination of Center is the religion of the good religious and social ultra-radical- Samaritan. Love is vicarious. It ism, reenforced often by conditions finds ways of helping that are not as they present themselves here to conventional. Love asks no questhe aspiring and dauntless spirits tions as to precedents and convenwho make up the best of our im- tions. It suffers with all suffering migration. and loves on to the end.

It is our task in the Christian A few years ago in New York Center so to interpret the Gospel, City when in the bitter winter the not in sectarian terms, but with the water drainage pipes froze in the great ideas of our heritage in tenements of the Bowery, the prop- mind, as to bridge the chasm from erty of one of our Centers was the old world to the new. If we thrown open from early morning will be true to our heritage and until late at night as a refuge and dare to practise our principles shelter, with warm food for moth- fearlessly in our foreign colonies, er and little children. When the without compromise, we can win. coal shortage was at its worst the I do not mean in competition with supply of coal gave out. Any ad- other denominations but in com- ditional allowance was refused on petition with false ideas of what the ground that "churches" might religion and American democracy well be closed as useless. When really mean. one of our Christian workers ap- The religion of the Christian pealed for a reconsideration of the Center is the religion of the Incar- decision which meant cutting off nation. The incarnation of God in this ministry and told the story she Christ, though a unique and un- had not finished before the man in paralleled experience, yet repre- authority took up the telephone sents a divine method. "The Word and shouted instructions to send became flesh and dwelt among us," some coal at once. His reply to the I trust I shall not be understood remonstrance from the other end as cheapening those gracious of the work was "Yes, I know we words when I say they are the es- are giving no coal to churches, but sence of the religion of the Chris- this isn't a church-they only call tian Center. The indispensable it a church. It's a place where they

NEW STANDARD FOR A NEW DAY

take care of women and children 1" a wife and five children." The religion on which we are And finally, although we have relying is an everyday reIigion : not had time to tell it all, the rehomespun, plain, work-a-day re- ligion of which we are thinking is ligion, the religion of the Carpen- the religion of the gulf stream, ter who was no less divine in the which changes the climate of Labcarpenter shop than when he laid rador to that of Ireland and Engaside his tools for the great work land. The outpouring of the to which He was appointed. So streams of heavenly grace and love, natural and simple and practical flowing ever deep and full and was His faith that at any moment steadily from the heart of God, He might have resumed His tools alone can change the spiritual cliand been not one whit less "full mate of the communities of which of grace and truth." Dr. Glover we are thinking. The secret is just says that some forms of piety in- the open secret of the unwearied volve unusual conditions and a spe- ministry of redeeming love medicial diet. They seem incompatible ated through men and women who with daily life. "The type of holi- love folks because Jesus loved and ness which Jesus teaches can be who love Jesus because He loved achieved with an ordinary diet and folks.

NEW STANDARDS FOR A NEW DAY BY MURIEL DAY Seoretary oj Education and Pers011nelJ Woman}8 Home MtBs10nary Somety, Methodi8t Ept8cOfJa~ Ohurch, Oincinnati. Ohio A FREQUENT question in re- The fields, too, vary so that in lation to home missionary the definition of the term one must personnel or candidate work consider the denomination and is whether there are more appli- even the board· within it. For cants than positions. The answer instance, one home .missionary so- must be "yes" and "no." One can- ciety includes Mexico and. Central not group all positions or all appli- America, another excludes these cants. They must be considered in but includes all :work under the terms of vocations. For instance, American flag' except the Philip~ in some teaching positions, as in pines. Withhi a denomination also, English, there are usually more the term varies. One board may candidates than openings; on the emphasize woman's work,. another other hand, there is always a may stress religious education and greater demand than supply for settlement work.

teachers of home economics. In our consideration of the work Strictly speaking, the work of of the home missionary, we shall the home missionary is not one vo- discuss primarily that of the cation; it includes many vocations. woman worker in relation to the There are the vocations of teacher, standards that should be sought to- of nurse, of matron, of club leader, day. As we think of standards, 'We of director of religious education, often picture only those standards of superintendent, and so on we should seek in the missionary; through a longer list.. there are also standards which the

worker has a right to expect in the pioneers in their day were well board. We must consider both trained in every way. Yet we find phases. That new standards are on the whole that educational being set for the home missionary standards have risen, and among is accepted constantly. The world the reasons are the following: has been moving rapidly. As a girl said to the young man who was 1. The fields of knowledge are driving her in his new high- wider. Sociology, psychology and powered car: "This· is a pretty other departments have developed country, wasn't it?" What then, in comparatively recent years. are these standards, (old and new) which we desire in the home mis- 2. The educational standard of sionary? the country is higher. In 1880, the average daily attendance of General Standa.rds pupils in the public schools was 40,% of the population of those 5 There are first, the general basic to 17 years; in 1910, 1)0%; in standards which always have 1920, 59% and in 1928, 66%. needed to be maintained. Included (U. S. Bureau of Education.) in these are good health, ability to cooperate, spiritual purpose and 3. This has meant an increasing training. We must emphasize each demand on the part of students to of these as strongly as in the past. attend accredited institutions. I recall an occasion when I asked for suggestions as to the qualifica- 4. Some educational institutions tions needed in a home missionary, under missionary boards are gradand many needed spiritual graces ually dropping grade work, and in were mentioned. I finally said that some cases the high school departwe could find one with all these ment, and becoming Junior and qualities, and she might be in a Senior Colleges. sanitarium. They had failed to mention good health. 5. The states where home mis- sionary work has been carried on As to the ability to cooperate, it are rapidly raising their educaseems that nowhere is it more tional standards. One state, for essential than in the life in an in- instance, has a program extending stitution or in Christian service. until 1932, in which each year Someone has phrased it, "We need there is an increasing number of less ego and more We-go." In a hours required as college preparalist of qualifications given by one tion for teachers, more specializahome missionary board, I find tion and more hours in education. "love of the Word, belief in prayer, a missionary spirit, poise, tact, 6. In fields where directors of health, initiative and ability to co- religious education are needed, the operate." standard is becoming higher than when in earlier days this vocation Educational Standa.rds was combined with other types of We are finding perhaps in the work. educational standards one of the One board lists under "educamost noticeable changes. We do not minimize those of the past, tional requirements" the followfor we know that many of the ex- ing: "College training if possible; ecutives and teachers who were normal training for grade teach- ers; special training for kinder- gartners, doctors and nurses; in- tensive Bible study; methods of work; experience."

NEW STANDARDS FOR A NEW DAY

Attitudes in a New Day the new educational method-the "learning by doing" process. There are, however, newer attitudes which are essential in the These three-the rise of racial modern home missionary as well as consciousness, the attitude of educational training. Again we young people, and the emphasis know that the really effective mis- upon "purposeful activity"-have sionary of the past had these at- made a new attitude necessary in titudes, but they are so much more truly effective missionary service. clearly defined as to be worthy of It is the attitude of fellowship. We special emphasis. have heard the word "sharing" given as the word characteristic of We have said, "New Standards the Jerusalem Conference. This is for a New Day." What character- equally necessary here at home. izes this new day? Perhaps we MANUAL TRAINING AT THE MITCHELL HOME could sum it up in the word "de- Especially is this true in work mocracy." This has led to a desire among Negroes, for here the confor self-expression on the part of trast between the present and national groups all over the world; older conditions is more evident, it is shown in the demand for the and we have both the racial and same self-expression on the part of youth problem. racial and national groups in the United States. At the same time Another newer attitude, espethere has been also a desire on the ciaIty desired in settlement work part of young people to take initi- though needed in all missionary ative, to have a measure of respon- fields, is the attitude of studying sibility, and to share in decisions the underlying causes with a view affecting student or church life. to removing the need for home The third characteristic of today missionary work, or at least to necessitating a new attitude is changing the emphasis if neces- sary. When Dr. Herbert Gray

was here from England, we heard ual growth throughout the years him tell of an insane asylum there rather than a sole emphasis upon where the test given before one evangelistic effort; or when the was permitted to leave was this: young person is led definitely to the inmate was shown a large tank become a Christian, it shall have of water and the faucet with the reality for the teen-age boy or girl running water, given a dipper, and and not given in phrases of antold to empty the tank. If he be- other generation. We have known gan to dip and dip, he was re- of the combination of special emturned to the asylum, but if he first phasis on the spiritual phase of turned off the faucet, he was al- life (although we hold that the lowed to leave! So we need to spiritual must permeate other work with every agency that will phases) and the intellectual underhelp to remove the causes under- standing of the meaning of the lying crime, ignorance, unwise use Christian life to be used most ef- fectively in a missionary school t h r 0 ugh "Religious Emphasis Week." The director of religious education in the school had learned in advance from the students the religious and personal problems confronting them. The special speaker thus brought her messages more intelligently and helpfully. Opportunity was also afforded for personal conferences each day, and intelligence accompanied the de- cisions made.

A HOME ECONOMICS CLASS Purpose of leisure, disease, poverty, and One emphasis that can hardly be those other conditions that Home classed under a new standard but Missions seeks to change. For this which needs to be stressed today is reason those fields of sociology, psychology and allied subjects the purpose to enter home missionshould be carefully studied in prep- ary work-not necessarily a life aration for home missionary serv- work, on the part of a young womice. Methods of work would per- an, but certainly not as a stophaps change to combat the ever gap or as a stepping stone to present foes of the Christian Way larger salary or other opportunity. of Life, as racial antipathy, ma- Rather do we seek those who see terialism or economic injustices. in home missionary service an op- portunity to share in building a Emphasis on Religious Education Christian nation and in molding the character of under-privileged The newer emphasis in spiritual groups of young people. In this day fields on religious education means when an understanding of racial a new standard also from this groups is necessary, we seek those viewpoint-the attitude of spirit- who see also an opportunity to bring about greater interracial fel- lowship for the sake of peace with-

in and peace throughout the world. should be adjusted so as to allow We seek those who see that they for those extra curricular activmay reach out to the entire world, ities so necessary, and for the through building a Christian na- opportunity for fellowship with tion here. During the riot in Sher- faculty and students. Certainly man, Texas, we found on the front the standard set by the educational page of aNew York State news- associations of 750 pupil hours a paper, a paragraph called "London week should not be exceeded for Paper 'Phones Moody About the high school teacher. In nurs- Riots." The correspondent of the ing, or church work, similar COn- London Daily Mail, 5,000 miles sideration of hours of work should away called Governor Moody at be given, and in the children's Austin, Texas, at five in the morn- homes or other institutions of like ing by 'phone to ask if this was a character, adequate provision for common occurrence in Texas! days or hours off should be made, and by some states is required, A spiritual purpose, then, in- through the employment of a subterpreted in personal, national and stitute or supply worker. Yet, as world terms is necessary in the Frank Lowe points out in "Relistandards desired in the modern gious Vocations," the "work never home missionary. stops with the whistle." Furthermore, in this new day of It is a matter of encouragement interdenominational cooperation, those are needed who are willing to note the way in which missionto work with other institutions ary boards are constantly replacand in the city with other churches ing old buildings by new, thus -to coordinate work and allocate making adequate provision for the responsibility. living conditions of the worker. We recall one restful home in the Standards of the Boards southwest, modeled after the idea of a "teacherage," where the We have been considering the teachers reside instead of in the standards which a missionary dormitory with the boys. board may ask for in a home missionary. Let us consider the other The question of food in places side of the lens. What maya home where the workers live in an inmissionary rightfully desire as stitution with the students is often standards in the board? In voca- a puzzling one, but it is agreed tional guidance studies, one is that this is a condition which the urged to consider the effect of a worker should find satisfactory. vocation from six viewpointsphysical, physiological, economic, While, physiologically, we cansocial, psychological and ethical. not control the climate, and while What standards in missionary a board has many requests to boards should a candidate have a send one where it is "colder," or right to expect from these angles? "higher," or "warmer," or "drier," we can do our best, as boards Physically, if the board expects doubtless do, to meet these regood health in the candidate, quests and to make every adjustshould it not provide those living ment possible for the worker who conditions that will maintain it in is satisfactory in other respects. the missionary? In teaching, the hours and number of studies The third angle is the economic. Opinions vary as to an adequate

salary in home missionary work. workers in all types of home mis- Quoting from Frank Lowe again, sionary institutions. in writing of the "limitations in religious vocations," he says, "one Closely related to the social is never works primarily for money," the question of psychological enbut again it is encouraging that in vironment. The effect of worker many phases of missionary service upon worker, of cooperation on the a rise in salaries is seen. A con- part of the Board, of placing the sideration of the finances and the young worker with one of experiproportionate expenditures of a ence and more settled ways-all board would require a separate these should be the subject of real discussion, but in considering the psychological study. As the Board need of salary for the worker and wishes a worker to enter the work the equipment, one is reminded of with the attitude of sharing with this statement, made in an educa- others, of no condescension, so the· tional discussion, "A million dollar worker may expect a similar attiteacher in a thousand dollar school tude of cooperation from other is worth more than a thousand dol- workers and from the board. lar teacher in a million dollar school." The crucial question may The sixth angle-the ethicalwell be: "What range of salaries need not be discussed here, for will bring to home missionary surely the candidate may here find service that group of workers best an opportunity for service equal trained and most devoted?" Not to any. a salary, to be sure, that is as high as the highest elsewhere, .but Someone may ask, "Why stress neither, on the other hand, as low these standards, which should be as has sometimes been paid. sought in a position, as new?" In a sense they are not, but in this The question of the social oppor- new day it is wise for employing missionary agencies to turn the tunities which may rightfully be searchlight upon their own stand- ards. This is necessary because of considered as sufficient is a hard the turnover in home missionary work, which is often larger than one for mission boards to answer. it should be; it is necessary today While isolation of various kinds is because other agencies are clamorusually characteristic of home mis- ing for the finest type of person, and especially is it necessary in sionary fields, both city and rural, the case of women, where new and and among various groups, yet varied channels are opening up constantly. In many of these there this has, in a measure, been com- is an element of service which propensated by the very earnest ef- vides for the one with the service motive an opportunity for the kind forts of those in charge of the of work she desires. staff. One institution with which To offer, then, the highest standwe are familiar, has a Big Sister ards of a vocation to the one seekplan among the sixteen workers on ing a place of Christian service is the teaching staff, which has de- the high privilege of missionary boards, which must seek also the veloped fellowship. The use of highest standards in the mission- ary in this new day. leisure time-so pressing a question among all groups in our country today-is a question that needs vital consideration and study not only for young people but for

IN THE WEST

BY SAMUEL GUY INMAN Secretwrll of the OommUtee on Oooperation in Latin America M ISSIONARY work in the planters, but they continued their West Indies is not new. work in the true spirit of Moravian The first white man to land missionaries until it spread to all on these Islands had it definitely in the English – speaking i s 1and s.

mind. "What I value in this enter- Other European and American prise of the Indies is not reason, Protestant churches gradually fol- mathematics or world maps; I lowed the Moravians in work would accomplish the vision of among the English and French Isaiah," exclaimed Columbus. On islands. his third voyage he wrote: "I have It was not until the Spanish- caused a high cross to be fixed upon American War in 1898 that misevery headland, and have pro- sion boards in the United States claimed to every nation that I have seriously undertook mlsslOnary discovered the lofty estate of your work in these Spanish-speaking Highnesses and of your court in islands. Since the American flag Spain. I also tell them all I can began to float over Porto Rico and respecting our holy faith and of the American army occupied Cuba the belief in the Holy Mother for some time after the war, it was Church, which has its members in the home missionary societies of all the world." Padre de las Casas the United States that undertook showed the same zeal. He was the the work there. It was natural for first person to be consecrated to the these societies later to extend their priesthood in the New World. He work to Santo Domingo and Haiti.

accepted a repartimiento of In- In 1919, a cooperative movement dians in Santo Domingo, and later was begun in Santo Domingo which in Cuba. As he watched the sys- has attracted considerable attentern, however, he became convinced tion in the missionary w 0 rid.

that the Dominican friars, already When it became evident that sevbeginning to protest its cruelties, eral mission boards were planning were right, and until his death Las to open work in Santo Domingo, Casas carried on a terrific struggle they decided that a united front of against the overwhelming forces, Protestantism should be presented.

not only economic but ecclesias- The Secretary of the Committee on tical, which were determined to Cooperation in Latin America was exploit the Indian. asked to visit the field, study the The Moravians sent the first situation and report a plan for oc- Protestant missionary to the West cupation to all the mission boards Indies in 1732. They were so pro- doing work in the West Indies.

foundly stirred by the stories of This survey was made and four abuses of the slaves in St. Thomas boards immediately voted to form that they walked from their homes a joint board for Christian work in 600 miles to Copenhagen to take Santo Domingo and to enter the the boat to their field. Like Las field unitedly. A fifth board joined Casas, they were detested by the the enterprise a little later. These 509

boards subscribed to the budget time to interdenominational work.

which is expended by the united Congregations are generally known Committee. Workers are chosen as "La Iglesia Evangelica de ….. "

not because of their denominational (the Evangelical Church of ….. ), affiliation but because of their suit- denominational names being little ability for the work. This not only used.

appealed to people at home who The first large development of were anxious to go a step further this Evangelical Union was the in the development of Christian Union Press, paper and book store. unity, but it met an immediate re- Six small denominational papers sponse among the C h r i s t ian were gradually merged into one churches of Porto Rico. They were fine weekly which speaks for Evanso impressed with the needs of gelical Christianity in Porto Rico Santo Domingo and the opportuni- with a united voice through Puerto ties of this united approach that Rico Evangelico. This magazine they not only surrendered three of has the largest circulation of any their leading ministers to go to on the Island. It has been espe- Santo Domingo but also contrib- cially powerful in advocating so- .

uted some ,$3,000 to purchase a cial reforms during recent years. lease and equipment for a hospital, There is a strong feeling among which the board later opened in Porto Ricans for absolute unity of Santo Domingo City. The boards the Church, and within the last few entering this united program were months an important movement the general and women's home for a united Evangelical Church of boards of the Methodist Episcopal Porto Rico has been endorsed by Church, the Board of National several churches.

Missions, Presbyterian Church, U. The development of the influence S. A., and the Foreign Society of of the United States in the Carib- bean, and Haiti in particular, is the United Brethren. such that this is becoming more Porto Rico presents one of the and more a home missions' terri- tory. Government officials were best organized cooperative move- eager for the American mission ments in any mission field. When boards to undertake work in Haiti. the Island was awarded to the Considerable evangelistic work has United States by the terms of the been done. The Episcopalians peace treaty with Spain at the have a strong work in one section close of the Spanish-American and a good deal of Baptist fruitage War, representatives of the home remains from the labors of English mission boards decided to enter the Baptist missionaries who arrived Island with a clear division of ter- about 1842 but withdrew about ritorial responsibility. From that 1900. The work has been carried day· until now, the zoning system forward however and has grown has been adhered to by the follow- to be practically self-supporting. ing denominations: Met hod i s t The American Baptist Home Mis- Episcopal, Presbyterian U. S. A., sion Society has been of all pos- Congregational, Baptist (North- sible assistance to these Baptist ern), United Brethren, Disciples churches. Except for primary of Christ, Christian Church. These bodies have formed the Evangelical Union of Porto Rico, with an Executive Secretary allocated by schools in connection with each of one of the missions giving all his the missions, there is practically

COOPERATING IN THE WEST INDIES

no educational work. Such work outlined at the Havana Congress.

is greatly needed for secondary Medical and educational services education in general and especially are continuously being pushed in for the training of pastors. The all these fields.

Baptist Home Board entered this The first building erected ex- field with a missionary in 1925. clusively for the headquarters of Since then, their interest and sup- cooperative work among Evan- port have been continuous. gelicals in Latin America was The Hispanic – American Evan- erected in Ponce, Porto Rico, in gelical Congress, held at Havana 1927, for the office of The Evan- in June of 1929, outlined a large gelical Union and the union print- strategic program for religious ing plant. The Polytechnic Insti- education, literature and the de- tute of San German, with an velopment of an international fed- interdenominational Boa r d of eration of Evangelical Churches. Trustees, has a large place in the Some of the details of the religious education of this whole region, education program called for are with students coming from some a complete series of graded lessons dozen near-by countries. The Car- for Sunday-schools, written espe- negie Corporation has recently cially for Latin America, a manual given $250,000 to this enterprise for new converts, training courses and a notable institution is rising.

for teachers, textbook on worship, The Union Church at San Juan for etc. The literature program is English-speaking people has its very extensive and looks to the es- own building and is doing splendid tablishment of a publishers' and work.

booksellers' association, prizes for A number of important union special manuscripts, books and enterprises in this territory are at pamphlets on the social teachings present struggling for support for of Jesus, as well as all types of ma- responsibilities which have come terial for women's work in the to them with ever-increasing op- churches. portunities for service. Among In August of this year, the Presi- these is the Union Evangelical dent, Vice-President and Secretary Seminary at Rio Piedras, Porto of the Committee appointed at Rico. This school has a fine record Havana to develop the Federation of achievement and deserves the of Evangelical Churches are to support of friends in the United meet in Porto Rico. In connection States in carrying out its plans for with their conference, Dr. Vicente an adequate building program.

Mendoza, of Mexico, and Dr. Luis In Cuba, union work finds its Alonso, of Cuba, will lead in an center in the book store and press evangelistic campaign, beginning known as H eraldo Cristiano. Plans in the Interdenominational Confer- are on foot to develop a Union Theence at Blanche Kellogg Institute, ological Seminary and enlarge the followed by meetings in churches, union paper already published. theatres and public halls which are This periodical, under the direction expected to stir all Porto Rico. of Dr. Jose Marcial Dorado, has These are only a few, of course, made a remarkable record, now of the projects in the future pro- having 6,000 paid subscribers and gram of the Evangelical Churches is self-supporting.

of the West Indies, as they were The effort to erect a building for

the Union Church for English- old, rented, inadequate and even speaking people in Havana is an- unsanitary quarters. The land for other movement that deserves the a good site and more than half of help of Americans. An excellent the funds needed h-ave been secured site has been secured and funds for and a campaign is now being cara representative building are being ried on to raise the balance. It sought. Many thousands of Amer- was necessary to proceed with the icans visit this beautiful city at all building despite the fact that all seasons of the year. An impres- the funds needed were not in hand, sive, interdenominational church, as no building could be rented. properly housed, can serve in countless ways to bring English- Thus the churches have a trespeaking Evangelical Christians mendous program ahead of them into fellowship and common serv- in these West Indian Islands so ice. The value of their uniting in near our shores. The greatest opsuch strategic centers as Havana portunities lie in a still larger is easily understood. unifying of the Christian forces. It is to be hoped that those who be- There is also urgent need for an lieve in Christian unity will aid adequate hospital plant in Santo the cooperative institutions al- Domingo for the medical work be- ready formed to secure better gun by the Board for Christian equipment and will encourage the Work in Santo Domingo in 1920. unity of churches such as that now This work has grown, though since developing in Porto Rico and Santo its initiation it has been housed in Domingo.

OLD FORTS AND NEW FORCES IN THE WEST INDIES BY THE REV. EDWARD A. ODELL Director oj Department of lVest Indi,es~ of the Presbyterian BOUJrd oj National Missions., New York T HE Spaniards built forts in boIs. It is worthwhile to note the West Indies. The require- that these forts were not built by ments of the civilization of the natives of the lands they were the sixteenth and seventeenth cen- designed to protect. Foreigners turies included this means of de- built them and at a great sacrifice. fense against pirates and the too It doubtless never would have ocambitious roaming natives of other curred to the Caribe and Nahacs to nations. The familiar projecting build a fort, even if their resources walls of "EI Morro" furnish a had been sufficient. Some foreign. great romantic appeal in our day nation, having discovered the land to tourists who annually dip into and possessed its wealth, felt consouthern seas for a few warm strained to protect it against some days in winter, but the glory of other foreign nation. This day has the forts has passed. However also passed. The best international useful they may have been when thought and procedure at least the contemporaries of Columbus maintains the right of the natives and Ponce de Leon built them, of the land to possess it. they are now only relics and sym-

OLD FORTS AND NEW FORCES IN THE WEST INDIES

It is natural that the romance place to intense patriotism and in- and beauty of the Spanish lan- dependent spirit.

guage and all Spanish customs International relations wit h should be held dear to every son South America, Europe and North of Spain throughout the West In- America have changed the entire dies, and the nationals of these outlook and point of view. It is Islands, who for four hundred with the new forces that the evan- years knew no other flag, conserve gelical Church is dealing, and it in their innermost hearts an af- must be recorded that some of the fection for the traditions that sur- spirit which prompted the con- rounded the life of their ancestors. struction of these old forts has Whatever changes may have come found its way into the application in the last few decades among the of the new forces. Consider, for Islands of the Caribbean, and example, the foreign ownership of whatever forces may be directed lands, not as in the days of roam- to bring about a new satisfactory ing navies and pirates, but in the solution to physical and spiritual new day of foreign banks and cor- problems, they must all be consid- porations. These institutions are ered in the light of the past. But equipped for splendid service, but romance and tradition do not feed when guided by selfishness and hungry mouths, do not heal the race prejudice they not only sick and prepare a people to cope threaten the right of the native with the requirements of a civili- sons to a just recompense for toil zation that has entirely outgrown but create international ill-will El Morro, narrow streets, crowded that leads to even more unfor- patios and undredged harbors. tunate results. This too, it must New forces are at work. The old be admitted, is at times a new mountain trails over which the force that the Church must take "peon" trudged at the head of pack into account. The Church does not trains, bringing coffee to the sea- assume responsibilities for treaties shore to be carried on the back of and trade relations, but where a slaves to lighters that in turn bore palpable injustice is committed, the cargo to freighters waiting out the work of peace and reconciliaat sea, have given place to beauti- tion becomes much more, difficult ful macadam roads over which for the representatives of the modern trucks pass. Great docks Prince of Peace, both native and have been constructed, and two foreign. ferries arrive daily in Havana carrying trains that bear the marks Governor Roosevelt sees as his of every railroad in the north, most immediate and greatest refrom the Atlantic to the Pacific sponsibility in Porto Rico the solucoast. Splendidly organized school tion of the economic, not the systems and universities, modeling political problems. "Unemploytheir courses of study after Euro- ment, either total or partial, is pean and American colleges, are present everywhere. Men and preparing not only for the teaching women can find nothing to do and therefore can earn nothing. We cannot offset unemployment, as is profession but for every other pro- often the case in America, by an fession. A sense of dependability increase in public work, for the upon a foreign power has given Government has not the money.

3

Riding through the hills, I have this period even in the presence of stopped at farm after farm where great natural resources, a popula- lean, underfed women and sickly tion can suffer hunger. Located men repeated again and again the high on the old forts now are huge same story-little food and no op- revolving lights sending their wel- portunity to get more." coming beams far out to sea. This There is great unrest through- is a fine use for forts. The nations out the Spanish West Indies, more that fought around EI Morro and noticeable now than at any time Cabanas now find a cordial welsince the Spanish-American War. come in the spacious harbors of Political ills both real and imagin- San Juan and Havana.

ary have harassed the people as Among the new forces of pres- well as statesmen and politicians. ent-day civilization is the evangeli- The populace places the blame for cal Church. Let the experience of unemployment at the door of the a friend far back in the hills of Government and has faith that· a Porto Rico tell the story, for in new administration will waive his story lies the romance of the some magic wand over the land past, the perplexities of the pres- and miraculo'!Jsly bring into being ent and the hope of the future. I a day of abundance. Politicians in found him standing on the site turn place the blame at the door where his home had stood before of foreign powers and tariff sched- the hurricane of October, 1928, had ules. Possibly they are all, in a swept across the Island. About him measure, correct, but there are were the ruins of buildings that new forces at work that could, if represented the accumulated toil properly directed and financed, not and savings of more than fifty only obviate much suffering but years. His children had been born lay the foundations for prosperity, in this house, had been married and in all of these Islands a new here, and his grandchildren had generation of men and women is loved to play in the great halls of bringing to the solution of these this old Spanish home. It was all great problems an intelligent lead- gone-not a building was standing.

ership. For a half mile down the mountain- President Machado has taken side the splintered boards were definite steps to diversify the crops scattered. Standing beside the site in Ctlba so that a high sugar tariff and looking out across the hills, in the United States might not nothing but ruin remained. The work so much damage. He has also coffee crop just ready for harvest inaugurated a campaign for the was destroyed. The coffee trees, use of Cuban products on the Is- requiring almost a decade to pro- land, and to this end has construct- duce, were uprooted. Don Fran- ed a model village near the city of cisco had never known another Havana in which all of the ma- home, but there was no road lead- terials used are found in Cuba. ing from his plantation to the More rice has been raised in Cuba outer world. His farm had been during the last two years than at hidden away in the hills for gene- any previous time in its history. rations. The Government had pro- However, it must be borne in mind vided no schools for his children, that many years ·are required for the Church no instruction or even a crop readjustment, and during a place of worship, and now in the

hour of distress and tragedy the with their families, and under a impotence of all the tradition to thatched roof on the hillside for which he had clung was revealed. nearly two hours the missionaries explained the significance of the I had visited him only a few Gospel message. .At night we remonths before the hurricane, and turned to the town and it seemed he had invited all his neighbors to like the entire populace gathered a service where the claims of the for a service. At the close of the Gospel had been made. Now, in his sermon I asked if there was not distress he was recalling the mes- someone who would like to accept sage of hope which Dr. Angel Christ as his Lord and Master, Archilla, the mission superintend- whereupon the whole congregation ent, had delivered with such power rose. at that time. He needed friends, counsel, financial help. This experience could be repeat- A little more than a year later A CHAPEL IN THE HILLS I saw him again. He had rebuilt his home, and the old plantation ed over and again, not only in the was beginning to produce a new great cities but in the towns and harvest, not of coffee (it will take throughout the rural districts of many years to do that) , but of other these Islands that, four centuries fruits. The financial aid he had ago, were discovered by those who received was not great and he was built the forts. No one should dehopeful that in a few more years sire, much less attempt, to dishe could return that. There is a credit the old traditions so full of new light in his face, and on the beauty and romance. These must little hill just above his own re- be· guarded and their :esthetic constructed house stands a chapel. values conserved. The great need, During the week it is used as a however, at this hour in the West day school for his grandchildren Indies is the sincere and disinterand the children of neighbors fOl" ested friendship of those who are miles around. Sunday morning the able to help make the new forces Sunday-school meets. At night the effective. The task to be done has farmers gather, winding their way grave economic aspects, but after over the old mountain trails for all, in the fullest and highest sense, miles around and, if the mission- it is spiritual. ary can be there, they have a message. If not, a member of the congregation is able to read God's Word. These farmers, who have waited all their lives for a road, are now planning to build one themselves.

We recently visited, in a little town near the center of Cuba, a mission where services are held once a month. A committee from the country met us with horses and asked that we go into the interior and hold services. At noon more than a hundred farmers gathered

ACQUAINTED WITH OUR CARIB-

BEAN NEIGHBORS T HE Caribbean world is at our classes and general reading. The very doors, and yet it is prob- following brief reviews will indi- able that most citizens of the cate the scope and purpose of these United States, so far as they are books.

informed about conditions in any Trailing the Conquistadores. By Dr. lands beyond our own, have a Samuel Guy Inman. Cloth, $1.00; broader acquaintance with Europe paper, 60 cents. and the Orient than they do with these Islands whose peoples are Dr. Samuel Guy Inman, who is well our close neighbors. There has known for his writings upon Latin long been need for a new literature interpreting to North American American affairs, has just published readers the cultural and spiritual another volume upon the Caribbean movements in Caribbean life, past area, entitled "Trailing the Conquisand present. For the most part, tadores." It is not primarily a politinewspapers, magazines, and books cal discussion. Rather it attempts to in handling Caribbean affairs have set forth the life and the attitudes of told of political, diplomatic, mili- the Latin and Negro peoples of Cuba, tary, and commercial develop- Haiti and Santo Domingo. Dr. Inman ments. We have not heard very points out that these peoples have sufmuch about those deeper things of fered grave injury from the conquisthe spirit that give sympathetic tadores old and new. He likewise insight and understanding of other points out that "the Christian forces peoples and that prepare us for have not built a single school of colconstructive efforts with them in lege grade in all the West Indies, nor bringing about better conditions. a single outstanding agricultural or Even within the churches we have trades school, though in all this area faced in no adequate manner the the people's happiness so largely dereligious situation in the Islands. pends on progressive farming and on As a people we know comparative- work with their hands." ly little of their missions and churches and evangelical leaders. Altogether the book is perhaps the In an effort to bring home to best one that has come from Dr. In- American Christians, the conditions, needs, and opportunities in man's pen. It is written in an attrac- tive style, contains a good deal of new historical material, and will do much toward giving the reader a better un- derstanding of our neighbors in the south. RAYMOND L. BUELLc the Islands, the Council of Women Our Caribbean Neighbors. A course for for Home Missions and the Missionary Education Movement have leaders of adult groups studying the J'ust published a series of new Caribbean Islands. By George W. books, study courses, and teachers' aHriynmAasns,ocSieactiroenta. ry,PaAmmpehrliecta,n2M5 icsseinotns-. accessories for all grades. These onThTirsaicUonugrse is based primarily ubpymaterials are being introduced in the Conquistadores Samuel Guy Inman, but is so arranged the summer conferences and will that classes equipped to consult a widlater be widely used in the er range of reference materials will churches for home mission study find help in doing so.

516 Between the Americas. By Jay S. Stowell. The opening of the Pan American 175 pp. Cloth, $1.00; paper, 60 cents. Airways route in 1928 makes closer This is a Home Mission book for acquaintance with the Islands inevi- young people. It contains abundant table. In order to base this acquaint- descriptive material of the four fields ance securely on understanding, Miss in the West Indies occupied by Ameri- Hulbert devotes one chapter to an can Boards-Porto Rico, Cuba, Santo airplane view and three to a history Domingo and Haiti. The style is of the Islands from the earliest times.

journalistic and the contents are made Columbus' discovery made the Islands up of the experiences and observations a Spanish colony valued chiefly for of a missionary-minded traveler those "West Indian treasures" which through these countries. The author founded Spanish fortunes-gold, cot- has grasped the main problem of Por- ton, sugar cane and tobacco.

to Rico, which is one of over-popula- The next five chapters present fas- tion and unemployment. With the cinating, true stories of the differing invasion of American capital and the life of each island or country by it- development of agriculture on a large self,-Cuba, Haiti, the Dominican Re- scale, there is the steady disappear- public, Porto Rico, and the Virgin ance of small land owners and the con- Islands. The closing chapter deals version of the peasautry into landless not with the treasures of the field day laborers.· He has also recognized valued by the Spanish, nor with the that, unless careful thought is given treasures of the mind inherited from to this problem, the same fate will African and Spanish forebears, but overtake the other Islands. It is a with those treasures of the spirit now reading rather than a study book. being developed in the Islands by the Much useful information is provided many men and women of goodwill who in palatable form. C. S. DETWEILER. are rediscovering them in the name of Christ. MARY JENNESS.

A course for leaders of young people's Leader's Manual for "West Indian Treas- groups studying the Caribbean Islands. ures." Prepared by the author of the By Garfield Evans, missionary in book, Winifred E. Hulbert. Pamphlet, Cuba. Pamphlet, 50 cents. 50 cents.

This course is based primarily up- This is a course on the Caribbean on Between the Americas and contains Islands for junior high school groups suggestions for worship, discussion, of approximately twelve to fifteen years of age. It aims to cultivate a investigation and activity.

West Indian Treasures. By Winifred deeper understanding of our Chris- Hulbert. Illustrated by Margaret tian heritage and to develop experi- Ayer. Cloth, $1.00; paper, 75 cents. ence in sharing it helpfully with our neighbors in the' West Indies. When a daughter of the manse with international experiences and sympa- Porto Rican NeLghbors. By Charles W. thies looks freshly at the Caribbean St. John. $1. Islands from the viewpoint of the Jerusalem Conference, a new kind of Sugar Is Sweet. By Dorothy McConnell missionary book is bound to result. and Margaret Forsyth. Cloth, $1.00; paper, 75 cents.

Miss Hulbert, author of "Cease Fir- Children of Sea and Sun. By Mabel G. ing," spent a summer in the Carib- Wagner. Cloth, $1.00'; paper, 75 cents.

bean, read deeply in the history of the These three books are not only val- Islands before and after the trip, and uable contributions to the available has now written "West Indian Treas- literature on the Caribbean area, but ures." While it has been planned for are also important additions to the readers of twelve to fifteen years of growing body of material designed to age, it is a safe prediction that many lead elementary school children into a of their elders will enjoy it, too. richer experience of world friendship.

Porto Rican Neighbors is a reading area. Specific helps are given for the book for boys and girls about nine to procedure of each session. This is twelve years of age. After a descrip- well adapted for a quarter's use in a tive and historical chapter on Porto week-day school and when so used the Rico, the book continues as a collec- games and folk tales will prove helption of interesting stories. It ought ful. to find a place in a church school circulating library for juniors. It is also Children of Sea and Sun is a course suitable as a gift for any boy or girl. of study for the primary age. The The two other books are among the stories have been collected from varinewest course books for children in ous sources and are of difficult levels the well known series of Friendship in value. The leaders' helps are un- Texts. These texts have to do with usually good, being modern in method, different countries or social or racial varied in suggestion, with ample opgroups. They are uniformly bound portunity for creative work. and attractive in makeup. In addition to these books, an at- Sugar 18 Sweet is for juniors. It tractive picture map of the Caribbean includes ten stories unusually charming in style and delicate in touch, as Islands (50 cents) has been prepared. for example "The Singing Potter." It is accompanied by line sketches Stories of this kind can scarcely be which can be cut out, colored, and pigeonholed as for anyone age. They appeal to all of us. Through them one pasted on the map. For posters and becomes conscious of the economic problems and the problems of racial class notebooks there is a new number attitudes so critical in the Caribbean in the Picture Sheet Series, with a useful collection of pictures from the various Caribbean Islands. Price, 25 cents. JOHN L. LoBINGIER.

SALVAGING LITTLE BLACK SOULS BY LEE McCRAE, Pasadena, California I F "OUR sole value is what we et them, first for himself, then for are worth to others" then an his people. He was already a de- obscure, illiterate Negro farm- vout Christian and, because of his er on a worn-out plantation has anxiety to read "de good book" for been one of Alabama's chief assets. himself some of the students began Yet when, a few years ago, the to teach him in desultory fashion. people of that very State read in a two-line item of their papers that While he was laboring at his Sam Daly, of Tuscaloosa, was dead janitorship and laboring even they hurriedly glanced on, hunting more strenuously to learn to read real news. Who was Sam Daly and write and figure, Sam was also anyway? saving money, enough, by and by, to buy the hack line plying between Twenty years before he was the town and the university. This fiunky-janitor-general factotum proved so successful that some covto the boys at the State University. eted town lots were soon his; then, But with eyes and ears wide open when a great longing for the counhe was drinking in the inspiration try surged over him, he sold them that became the governing power to advantage and bought 500 acres of his life. Seeking how education of neglected land fourteen miles and religion uplift a race and an individual, the Negro began to cov- from Tuscaloosa. Right here, according to Dun

SALVAGING LITTLE BLACK SOULS

and Bradstreet, Sam Daly's history -no, "just come ter lib wid SueUa ought to have ended. He was forty an' me," Sam would say.

years old and well fixed for the And out of the three hundred rest of his life. only ten per cent "went bad."

But Sam's vision included oth- In other words, this patient, ers-his own people, particularly God-loving, boy-loving Negro and little Negroes who, like himself, his wife saved two hundred and had been denied much. One day seventy vice-steeped lads and he came across an advertisement turned them into useful, self-de- in a Birmingham paper in which pendent citizens. Where has this a prominent judge of the juvenile ten years' work a duplicate? What court asked for country homes for was Sam Daly worth to the State negro boys convicted before his of Alabama? to the nation? Would bar. There was no local law for we could follow those 270 and fig- probation at that time, no "big- ure a bit of the compound interest brother officers," not even a reform accruing to his estate!

school for colored youth; but the How was it done? By love and heart and the will of this wise patience, nature's own teaching, judge were, strong enough to be a and the Word of God. Kindliness law unto himself, and he was bold- from Sam and his wife first starly advertising-"Who will take my tled the boy; there were three little criminals out of jail, out of square meals a day served on a the swirl of evil in Buzzard's Roost table (both unknown before), and and Scratch Ankle Row to the si- there was a bed made for him. lence and purity of God's out- Almost invariably it was the first doors?" glimpse of home and love that had "I, boss!" cried Sam Daly, hold- come into his life. Around the taing out his big black hands. ble every morning he heard a verse So behold a farm wagon rattling of Scripture from each boy and through the dusky woods bearing was taught one to say with them a smiling colored man and five in his turn. Then there was work little wide-eyed negroes who were to do in the open fields where na- seeing "real woods" for the first ture came to him with her own time in their lives. healing and uplift. In the silence Chapters and chapters of this of the old wood lot many a boy story must forever be unwritten. "came to himself."

None of the boys could write, "Sam Two hours a day, summer and never oould spell nothin'," and winter, must be spent in an old log there were no onlookers. Besides, schoolhouse where a well trained there was too much to do raising negro man sent out by the Presby- cotton and sufficient food for this terian Board at a meager salary suddenly increased family. Ye,t did, and still does, his best to teach trip after trip the shackledy wag- these chronic truants from the on made through the woods to meet Birmingham schools. It has not the train bringing more miserable been much that they have gotten little derelicts from the crime in "readin', writin' and 'rithme- waves of the city slums. In less tic," but it has been their fault, not than ten years over 300 colored the teacher's. For the Negro edu- boys had been sent to this farm to cation of heart and hands beats "work out" their court sentences education of brains. It has been

industry, purity of environment, where they were sawed on shares, and the beautiful spirits of the half and half. This precious timthree grown people on this planta- ber was painstakingly put up by tion that have worked the charm. the youngsters into a barnlike structure, until it gave out–there "But how has he fed and clothed were no more logs or money to be and housed this big family?" asks had, and the unroofed shed stood the business man. all through the winter in mute ap- peal. Every inch of it meant toil By strenuous daily toil. One -toil as yet unrewarded, so far as check of forty dollars and the sal- the writer knows. ary of the teacher have comprised the donations from the Board. Not "Sam," said the Birmingham a cent of public funds went from judge to him one day, "you are Birmingham or the State, although going to lose all you've got taking he supported their charges. A few care of those little negroes." individuals, touched by Sam's struggles, gave small sums now "De Good Lawd gwine take care and then, and once a bill was put ob me s'long as I does His wuk," before the State Legislature for answered Sam with his radiant an appropriation, in return for smile. which Daly offered to turn over 175 acres of his land. But an in- "But you've got a mortgage on flammatory speech by one man, the place now," argued the prudent angered because of a Negro crime lawyer. in his community, caused the bill to be lost by five votes. The short- "It ain' fo'closed yet." He was sighted statesmen (?) could not still smiling. see that Sam was working to prevent just such heinous crimes. At last, driven by his necessities, he journeyed to Atlanta to lay his So finally, it came about one dark needs before churchmen of that day tnat Sam had to mm·tgage his city; but before he could make his farm to borrow $1,800. (Do you plea a sudden illness came and Sam know any white people that have was dead. His last conscious words mortgaged their all for charity's were: "Take care–good care ob sake?) And that money went into mah little niggahs!" food and clothes, not buildings and furnishings. Eleven years have passed. The writer is 2,000 miles away from When the "sleeping house" be- Alabama. Does anyone save the came too crowded for comfort, the Great Rewarder know what has boys went to the woods, cut down become of the Sam Daly Farmtrees, sawed them into mill lengths, home for black boys? Or of any and rolled the cuts to the mill other life that has counted for so much?

A BEAUTIFUL SUGGESTION FROM AFRICA In a little village nestling in the jungle of West Africa, a little group of Christians covenanted together that each would select a retired spot in the forest to which he would go daily for solitary communion with God. If any member of the little band appeared to be growing cold in his Christian life, one of the others would gently inquire, "Is the grass growing on your path, brother?"

IS CHANGING INDIA?

BY DELAVAN L. PIERSON Travel Letter No. 5 "WHAT is the greatest force and Christian students refused to that is working a change play together, eat together or even in India today?" During study together.

our ten weeks' visit in Indian cities "What do you think of Christ," and villages this was the question I continued.

we asked on many occasions-of "He is my Saviour," responded college presidents and students, of a Christian fervently.

fellow travelers on railway trains, "He was a perfect man," said a of Indian pastors and business Hindu.

men, of doctors and lawyers, of "He is my ideal," said another women in various ranks of society, Hindu.

of Moslems and Hindus, of Chris- A Moslem poet and well-known tians and those of no religion. lecturer of North India, said to Naturally the answers were many, me: "All religion is the same. We but none denied that India is all worship God and we all honor changing and will change more radically.

A few years ago, we read much about "The Unchanging East,"

and there were many who held that caste and customs, tradition and religion were fixed in India and could not be overcome. On the grass of a college campus, I sat talking with a group of students- corning leaders in India. About half of them were Hindus, and some had caste marks on their foreheads. The other half were Moslems and Christians. "What MIt. AND MRS. PHlRflON TRAVELING IN do you think of caste?" I asked. "It INDIA is disappearing/, they replied. "Is Christ. As St. Paul said, we should it found in the College?" "No, not all be of the same mind." A prom- now," was the reply. "Do all stu- inent Moslem editor remark.ed in dents eat together?" "Yes, with my hearing, in an address to Mos- very few exceptions." "What has Iem students: "The Koran teaches brought about the change?" "Many that all prophets are on the same things," was the reply-"educa- level; none is above the others.

tion, athletics, modern transporta- Mohammed, Christ, Buddha and tion and travel, modern industry, Confucius are equal." A Brahman the influence of Mahatma Ghandi, physician, an official of a recent but most of all the teachings of National Indian Congress, said: Christ." "All religion is the same. We all A few years ago, and even today worship God. Caste is fast disap- in some colleges, Hindu, Moslem pearing. Weare all brothers."

621

Such sentiments would have On the other hand, more than been considered rank heresy by one questioned the wisdom of em- Hindus and Moslems a few years ploying such a large proportion of ago, and would have led to the ac- non-Christian teachers. "Schools cusation that he who uttered them and colleges that employ them on was a Christian. Now, the danger the staff," said one Indian Chris- is that the dividing line between tian of high standing, "cannot ex- Christianity and Hinduism, and pect very definite results in con- between Christianity and Islam, versions. A deprecatory shrug of will be made indistinct if not ob- the shoulder, by a popular Hindu literated in the minds of adherents professor, will often effectively off- of all three religions. Hinduism set the influence of the testimony would be willing to add Christ to of a Christian teacher."

its list of gods, if only He did not A cultured Indian Christian, claim supremacy. two of whose great grandparents "The great danger today," said were converted under Alexander a Christian professor in a govern- Duff, said: "One reason why we ment college, whom I met casually have such meagre results from in a railway train, "The great Christian education is that greater danger today is that of emphasiz- emphasis is put on intellectual ing the common ground of the standing and morality than on the great religions as more important necessity of receiving Christ as the than the differences. The unique source of wisdom and purity and features of Christianity are its es- power."

sential characteristics. The points Missionary education is exerting of divergence must be emphasized a very wide influence in raising rather than the points of agree- moral standards, breaking down ment." prejudice and creating sympathy India is changing-slowly but with Christ and His teachings. The surely. When we look for outward vast majority of missionary edu- conversions to Christ on the part cationalists are, we are convinced, of Moslems and educated or caste consecrated and earnest men and Hindus, they are few, far too few, women who are prayerfully seek- but the attitude of Indians toward ing to advance the Kingdom of Christ has changed immeasurably. God. But many of them feel the One of the forces that is work- handicap of trying to maintain ing this change is Christian edu- government standards and subsi- cation. We visited fifty mission dies, of making reports and pre- schools and colleges, from the paring for examinations, of finan- Punjab to Tinnevelly and from cial pressure and the influence of Bombay to Calcutta, and in most non-Christian faculty members.

of them we talked with principals, They find it difficult to avoid trying teachers and students. In all of to "serve two masters"-the Gov- them we found that the Bible is ernment and the Lord.

taught, generally daily, devotional One Christian member of a mis- services are held, and Christ is up- sion college faculty remarked that lifted. The results in open conver- the reason why conversions have sions are, as a rule, disappointing. fallen off among the students is A few teachers openly acknowl- that formerly the president knew edged fear lest such conversions every student and made it a point might break up the work. to present Christ and to urge His

AMERICAN LUTHERAN FOREIGN MISSIONS

claims personally on each student whole purpose of this work is to for decision, but that the present present Christ and His Gospel to president is so busy with lectures, the pupils so that they will be administration and finances that saved through Him." Can this be such personal work is lacking, if truly said of every mission school not impossible. The ministry of and college? By example and by Christ suffers through the serving teaching the missionary educationof statistical and financial tables. alists are seeking to win India for Christ.' May their whole program The Christian principals and be still more definitely directed to teachers in these schools and col- this one end by greater emphasis leges need our sympathy and our on personal evangelism. With the prayers. The irreligious and skep- increase of secular education, the tical attitude of the West is invad- need for missionary educational ing the East, and the Christian work is decreasing-unless the latforces are seeking to stem the tide. ter is the means of leading stu- dents to follow Christ wholly and There is a difference in the place to prepare them for definite Christhat personal evangelism has in tian service. the work of different institutions. An Indian, Christian lawyer in CONTINUED IN THE AUGUST Poona, who has established his own school, said to me: "The NUMBER.

AMERICAN LUTHERAN FOREIGN MISSIONS* BY THE REV. GEORGE DRACH, D.D., Secretary T HE Lutheran Church in over three millions of church mem- America continues to share bers, if they really were eager and actively in the modern mis- zealous for the speedy fulfillment sionary movement. Its total annu- of Christ's great commission, al expenditure for Foreign Mis- should do much better. It is gratisions is now nearly two millions. fying to observe that during the In more than twenty foreign fields past ten years there has been a it has 670 missionaries and 6,000 decided increase of foreign misnational Christian workers. The sionary interest and effort in practotal number of baptized Chris- tically all synods and, if this tians in these fields is 226,940, the increase continues unabated, the pupils in the mission schools num- American Lutheran Church soon ber 67,260, and the number of will have a more worthy ranking treatments of patients in mission in foreign mission work. If Amerhospitals and dispensaries is 235,- ican Lutherans, instead of being 522. The value of mission prop- organically divided into 18 parts, erty is nearly $4,000,000. were actually and actively united in one great nation-wide Church, These statistics are impressive, our standing as a foreign missionand yet, when one considers the ary force would be near the top strength of the Lutheran Church where we belong. in America, one must confess that Fortunately, in the lands in • Extracts from a paper read at the Twelfth which our foreign fields are lo- Annual Convention of the Lutheran Foreign cated, we cannot and do not per- Missions Conference of America, March 5, 1930, In MlnneapoU••

petuate our ancestral differences a negligible number from Europe. but work for national Lutheran Churches, as for instance in China, Furthermore there has come Japan and India, where such na- from the Jerusalem meeting an astional Lutheran Churches already sertion that the chief foe of Chrisexist. None of us wants and all of tian missions is modern secularus see the absurdity of organiza- ism. Now secularism is nothing tions of Chinese-speaking people new either in its essential materiinto, let us say, a Slovak Lutheran alism or in its antagonism to Church, or of Telugu-speaking peo- Christianity. It always has had a ple in India into a Finnish Luther- baneful effect upon the promotion an Church. For that matter why of the foreign mission cause at should we perpetuate here in home and upon the progress of the America a language distinction as Gospel in foreign fields. But the a name for a Church? Why not designation of secularism as the let the reflex influence from our principal foe of Christian missions foreign fields produce among us tends to confuse the issue. The here in America a national Lu- chief foe still is non-Christianity theran church organization? We and the primary purpose of our can make and, I believe, we are missionary work still is the conmaking through our Lutheran For- version of unbelievers to faith in eign Missions Conference a real Jesus Christ and to service in His contribution toward the unifica- kingdom of grace and truth. Too tion of American Lutheranism. often have distinctly foreign mis- sionary movements suffered loss In closing, permit me to refer and even shipwreck by diverting briefly to the effect of the Jerusa- attention from their primary purlem meeting of the International pose to some subsidiary objective. Missionary Council upon our Lutheran boards and societies. The Laymen's Missionary Move- Undoubtedly the reports of that ment began as a distinctly foreign meeting constitute a remarkable missionary movement and then presentation of the united experi- was diverted into other channels of ence, thought and vision of mission effort until it lost itself in the mulworkers in all the principal fields tiplicity of its ramifications. The and phases of the vast and complex Student Volunteer Movement beenterprise of world-wide Christian gan as a distinctly foreign missionmISSIOns. Especially to be com- ary movement for recruiting mended is the Message of the J e- young men and women for service rusalem meeting with its clear note in the spread of the Gospel and of evangelical doctrine and its em- then was diverted into lines of disphasis on the missionary purpose cussion and interest related to of Christianity. But you could world-peace, race relations and hardly expect the Jerusalem meet- other international problems. If ing to make a deep and widespread this continues its future is uncerimpression on our American Lu- tain. A similar danger threatens theran Church in view of our lim- the entire foreign .mISSIOnary ited representation at that meet- movement at present by diverting ing. Only one Lutheran from its energies from the positive pur- America attended the meeting, and pose of making Christian converts to the negative activity of combat- ing secularism.

OPICS Of THE

Missionary Information ly and monthly religious newspapers and magazines as a means of dissemi- Readers of the Symposium on the nating missionary information. But causes and remedies of decline in mis- here the startling fact confronts one sionary contributions, in the April that these periodicals have comparanumber of THE REVIEW, and the edi- tively small circulations, so small intorial on the subject in the May num- deed that, according to a report to the ber, will doubtless recall the emphasis meeting of The Editorial Council of that many writers placed upon the the Religious Press in VVashington, vital necessity of more adequately ac- April 29-30, "less than one in twenty quainting the churches with informa- is self-sustaining." VVe gladly pay tion on Home and Foreign Missions. our tribute to the generosity of their Prominent among the causes assigned editors in publishing material sent to for the decline were the fact that the them by the missionary boards, and general adoption of an inclusive budg- we gladly pay our tribute, too, to the et for all benevolences has resulted in high quality of the denominational far fewer missionary sermons and ad- missionary magazines. VVe see nearly dresses in the churches. As many all of them every month, and we are churches do not observe the VVeek of invariably impressed by their interest Prayer for missions and have dropped and value. VVhy do not more Christhe monthly missionary concert, tians subscribe for them? Christian people do not have the information and inspiration that they Place of the "Missionary Review"

formerly had. Representatives of VVe venture to believe that THE MIs- boards complain that pulpits are not SIONARY REVIEW meets a need that open to them as they were a dozen cannot be met by denominational peri- years ago. Secretaries and mission- odicals, which, from the nature of the aries who have a reputation for effec- case, must specialize on their own dis- tive public speaking are still welcomed tinctive work and needs. "A denomi- to many pulpits, but it is physically national paper must be a denomi- impossible for them to reach nine- national paper," reads one of the tenths of the churches. It is safe to findings of The Editorial Council of say that thousands of congregations the Religious Press referred to above.

never hear a missionary address from THE MISSIONARY REVIEW, however, one year's end to another, so that they deals with the home and foreign mis- do not know what missionary work sionary work of all denominations. It their denomination is doing or what enables the readers in a given denomi- its special needs are. This situation ation to know about the work of other manifestly calls for a special effort denominations. It gives a world out- to persuade churches to combine the look. It promotes interdenominational inclusive budget with supplementary knowledge and interdenominational offerings for Home and Foreign Mis- interest and fellowship. This is par- sions, presented either by pastors or ticularly important in this period invited speakers. when the movement for closer coop- Cooperation of Religious Pre.. eration of the people of God is mak- ing such notable advances. The editor Meantime the situation brings into for this year can say without personal new prominence the value of the week- embarrassment, for to Mr. Pierson 525

the absent editor belongs the credit, have formed the habit of giving only when they are seen personally by strong that THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE solicitors. Our churches have failed to do this as effectively as other organiza- WORLD is an indispensable supplement tions.

to the denominational periodical in the Third: As a nation, we have become too much of a pleasure seeking people, broad view that it gives of the whole and have mortgaged future income to satisfy present desires by means of the work of the churches at home and prevailing installment system of buying. During the last five years we have spent abroad. The subscription price is about six years income, and many fam- ilies now find forced econonries necessary kept at so Iowa figure, $2.50, that it to meet outstanding obligations. Church and missionary giving is often the first is not surprising that the income from to suffer in this necessary retrenchment.

this source does not cover the cost of ·As to remedies, I think the best pos- sible program is the larger emphasis publication. Several of the mission- being placed upon the separated portion which shall first be set aside as one's ary boards, home and foreign, deem Christian obligation. Acceptance of. this principle must be placed at the very the service rendered by THE REVIEW heart of the Christian life and perform- ance. to the common cause so important that In the second place, a better underthey gladly make annual contributions standing of the strategy of Christ's pro- gram as a whole, whereby the necessity toward its budget, but these have to for an increased ratio of. contributions c8;n be made for >yorld uses as compared be supplemented by the special gifts WIth local expendltures. I believe much progress is being made along this line of interested individuals. Since THE of more equitable standards of mission- arY giving as compared with local giv- REVIEW cannot make a denomination- ing, which is more selfish in nature.

al appeal and does not have the bene- Sincerely, fit of special agents in the churches, W. C. COLEMAN.

may we not again urge our readers to Articles On Home Missions cooperate by interesting pastors, mis- sionary societies, teachers and person- al friends in it. THE REVIEW has no other effective means of enlarging its circulation and influence except through the interest and cooperation of its readers. Will you not help to this end? A. J. B.

A Business Man's Letter When the present editor assumed charge of THE REVIEW for the year of The appended letter from the Presi- Mr. Delavan L. Pierson's absence in dent of The Coleman Lamp and Stove Asia, he gladly recognized that THE Company of Wichita, Kansas, an ac- REVIEW represents Home as well as tive member of the Baptist Church, Foreign Missions. We venture to bearrived too late for the Symposium on lieve that readers have been impressed "Why Have Missionary Contributions by the fine articles on various phases Declined," in the April number of of Home Missions that have appeared THE REVIEW. It is so excellent that in former issues, and we are glad to we now gladly publish it.-EDITOR. can attention to the special number of such articles in this issue. DEAR DR. BROWN: We have, however, experienced far Some three months ago you addressed more difficulty in securing home misto me a questionnaire concerning the sionary material than foreign. Over decline in missionary giving during the nine-tenths of the unsolidted articles last seven or eight years. It seems to that come to our office relate to Forme that the three outstanding causes of eign Missions. We have more on hand this decline are as follows: now than we can use for months to come. We do not have to solicit arti- First: Lack of direct appeal for spe- cles, except when there is a special cilic work that the giver can visualize. subject or country that is not covered Many men say to me, "I want to give by any of the articles on hand. But a my money where I have some personal contact; otherwise I get no kick out of surprising number of the men and it."

Second: There are so many intensive campaigns using pressure methods for the raising of money that most givers

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

women to whom we write beg to be countries shifts so rapidly that it is excused for one reason or another, impossible to forecast what the sit- usually of course pressure of other uation will be in either when these duties. pages are read. We can only say that We shall be grateful if secretaries the British Government appears to be of boards of Home Missions members perplexed between its obligation to of women's missionary societies, home maintain law and order, and its de- missionaries, and others who are es- sire to deal as patiently and tactfully pecially interested in Home Missions as possible with Gandhi and his sup- will take the hint. As THE REVIEW is porters. There has never been an ad- the only interdenominational mission- ministration more desirous of dealing ary periodical in America, it is the fairly with India, and it may be channel through which an author in trusted to do the best it can in circum- one denomination can reach a broadly stances of extraordinary difficulty and representative constituency. The edi- delicacy.

tor gladly gives personal attention to As for China, readers of history every manuscript. Of course we can- who recall the many centuries in not obligate ourselves to publish every which Europe was literally torn to one that is sent. We must reserve the pieces by turbulent feudal lords, who editorial privilege of determining remember the One Hundred Years whether a given manuscript is suit- War on the Continent, the War of the able for THE REVIEW, or, if it is, Roses in EngJand, the period that whether it duplicates other articles on elapsed before the thirteen American the same subject. If an article cannot colonies settled down under the Conbe used it will be promptly returned stitution, and the aftermath of the with a letter of explanation. A. J. B. revolutions in France and Russia, and Chaos in China and India the World War, will not be surprised that a nation of over 400,000,000 non- Political and military conditions in Christian people, only recently emerged from the stagnation of many these two great mission fields are centuries, is taking the time that more rather than less ominous at this white and alleged Christian nations writing. Friends of the many thou- took to develop orderly and stable govsands of missionaries and supporters ernment. We repeat the opinion that of their work have been watching de- we expressed in the February number velopments with mingled hope and of THE REVIEW that the Chinese are anxiety; but anxiety is deepening. a strong people who will in time work out their problem, and that the period In China, war between the Northern of unrest is not the time for the and Nationalist forces threatens to reopen on a large scale. In India, the Christian Church to stand aloof, but that it should labor with renewed zeal British police arrested Gandhi, May and devotion to communicate to China 5, and turbulence prevails in many the principles of the Gospel of Christ parts of that distracted country. which form the most enduring basis for the character of men and nations. It would be useless for a monthly magazine to discuss detailed events. Cable dispatches to the daily newspa- pers do that. The kaleidoscope in both A. J. B.

I have been selected by you to execute and enforce the laws of the country. I propose to do so to the exte,nt of my own abilities, but the measure of success that the government shall attain will depend upon the moral support which you, as citizens, extend. The duty of citizens to support the laws of the land is co-equal with the duty of their government to enforce the laws which exist. No greater national service can be given by men and women of good will-who, I know, are not unmindful of the responsibilities of citizenship-than that they should, by their example assist in stamping out crime ·and outlawry by refusing participation in and condemning all transactions with illegal liquor.-PreBident Hoover. EDITED BY MRS. F. I. JOHNSON, 150 Fifth Avenue, New York President of the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions At the request of the Hymn So- The older boys and girls may enjoy ciety, a national organization of hymn writing games, especially on rainy writers and composers, Mr. William days. Try a "What do you know W. Reid has submitted to the MIS- game." There are several ways of SIONARY REVIEW for publication the doing this, as follows: accompanying missionary hymn ;lnd tune which have been awarded prizes 1. Leader prepares slips of paper of $100 each in contests conducted by beforehand with typed or written senthe Society. tences containing a blank space for a left out word. Each sentence should The hymn was written by Dr. be about something very recently Henry Hallam Tweedy, professor in studied. It may be a review of a Yale Divinity School, and the tune by story or a page from the Quiz Book, Rhye Thomas, a composer in London, or a recent program as: England. More than a thousand manuscripts were submitted in the A young and gayly dressed boy once contests for the hymn and 1,300 per- went to help his father sell …… , in sons from all parts of the world sub- a bazaar. mitted original tunes. While he was selling a fine piece, a Some new hymns are greatly . . . . .. came into the shop. needed. As leaders of mission study classes 01' of any other mission groups, The boy ran all through the bazaar we should avail ourselves of the usable to find the …… , and give him help. music material which has been appearing in the Methods Department. This boy later became a world fa- Practically all of it is brand new and mous missionary called ………. . also contains the desired spiritual content. Or, We have …… industrial homes in India.

They care for Christian …… and poor women.

SUMMER SUGGESTIONS FOR The women learn to make …… , LIGHT BRIGADE MEETINGS to help them earn their living.

But May Easily Be Adapted to Junior Or, Meetings of Other Groups In the Philippine Islands there are still some people known as …… . With the first signs of summer heat, They live in …… villages. lassitude and langor become evident. The houses are set upon …….. . We cannot expect the long-drawn-out attention or application the boys and If the "What do you know game" girls have given during .the winter is discussed before being tried, boys months. Meetings, should be held out and girls may be allowed to suggest of doors from now on if possible. subjects to be used. Some may wish When indoors, instruction should be to make out and bring copies of sengiven as much as possible through tences to be filled out. The older boys play. Games, pantomines, dramatiza- and girls may be asked to do this. tions and handwork now play their part. Another "What do you know game" may be played without writing.

528

METHODS FOR WORKERS

Eternal God, Whose Power Upholds SARAH 8. 6. 8. 6. D.

HENRY HALLAM TWEEDY, 19"9 RHYS THOMAS, 1929 ~ pili ?~ IJIH-q [Ph'! ;JI~} 1. E – ter – nal God, whose power up . holds Both flower and flam – ing star, .J. ~ To whom there is nor there, No time, no near nor far, J J I -J- .0_.

-6.

r; I¥'()f~ Ir,.-J Pf1~ ff ~L:p No a lien race, no for – eign shore, No child unsought, un known, -J. d To make all lands Thine own! A- MEN. ~_J UJ– .~ ~ Wordl Copyright, 1919, and Music Copyril'ht, 1930, b,. the Hymn Society. International Copyright secured..

I 0 God of love, whose spirit wakes 4 0 God of beauty,oft revealed In every human breast, In dreams of human art, Whom love, and love alone can know, In speech that flows to melody, In whom all hearts find rest, In holiness of heart, Help us to spread Thy gracious reign Teach us to ban all ugliness Till greed and hate shall cease, That blinds our eyes to Thee, And kindness dwell in human hearts, Till all shall know the loveliness And all the earth find peace! Of lives made fair and free.

3 0 God of truth, whom science seeks o God of righteousness and grace, And reverent souls adore, Seen in the Christ. Thy Son, Whose life and death reveal Thy face, Who lightest every earnest mind Of every clime and shore, By whom Thy will was done, Inspire Thy heralds of good news Dispel the gloom of error's night, Of ignorance and fear, To live Thy life divine, Till Christ is formed in all mankind Until true wisdom from above Shall make life's pathway clearl Ar:d every land is Thine I 4

The leader says "What do you know If the big boys are clever with cardabout" and writes India, Africa, The board or wood and can construct a Philippines, Rizzal, or something else large window frame, or if an old winon the blackboard. Anyone who cares dow frame is available, "the near look to tell something stands up. Or leader and the far look game" can be played. may point to someone after saying, Someone stands for a moment in the "What do you know about." The per- frame and says "I am an African," son pointed to must at once name some or, "I am a Hindu." suhject, or person, which is then discussed by all. All on the other side telI what they can see. "He is black. He worships A guessing game sometimes proves idols." The frame is then turned interesting. Leader or someone of around to give the near look. Leader group may describe some country, explains the faithfulness and courtesy of the Japanese, the wisdom and mission field, mission station or hero loyalty of the Chinese or the kindness and all guess who it is. and simple heartedness of the African. This game demands preparation and The game, "I'm thinking of," is insight. If the older boys desire caralso good, as, "I'm thinking of a land penter work for the summer, try havmade up of islands. The people are ing them make pencil boxes for missmall and brown. They raise rice and tea." The others guess the name of sion schools. the place a~d talk of our work there.

A. India is one of our .tudies for the COlIling year, the following dentonstration is being suggested for uoe in a public progr&lIl. It has been given before large audienee. and has been eifeetive.

The two songs found on pages 955 and 956 of the DeceD1ber, '1929, "Review" will :8.t this speelal progr&lIl nicely.

THE LAND OF THE tween bed and table, a door leads out- doors. Low fire smokes in the fire- OUTSTRETCHED HAND place. Blue, bitter smoke from the dung cakes fills the room. A dim A small mud-plastered room with lantern with smoked chimney burns mud floor. In left corner, back, a on the corner of the table. On the rough rope bed on which is a faded, wall above the mantie, dimly seen, much worn cotton quilt. A small blue is a Sunday-school chart picture of cotton rug forms the only mattress. Above the bed is one small window Jesus blessing the little children. with wooden shutter tightly barred Time: About ten at night. for the night. In right corner, back, a rough wooden table on which are Padre Ram Lall is sitting on edge an Urdu Bible, a much worn Urdu of bed with baby in his arms. Baby Hymnal (both carefulIy covered with is about three months old, wizened newspaper covers), an ink pot, a few and fretful. It is wrapped in an old bamboo pens, a small account book, shawl and wears a grotesque woolen and a bundle of gay blue and orange hood of red material, several sizes too tracts. large. In the window sill and on the nar- Piyari kneels at fire warming some row shelf above the fireplace at right are brass cooking vessels, and clay milk in a brass lota. water jars. On left, towards front, a door leads into a bedroom. Between RAM LALL: door and bed a rough wooden box, with hasp and miller lock, in which There! There! the family food supply is kept. Be- Hush thee, Moonface, art thou a rajah then To order us about? Enough! Enough! Weep not! (to Piyari) Not warm enough? In truth, I think It is a little tyrant we have found-

METHODS FOR WORKERS

A tyrant and a thief. See how he RAM LALL: waves Where? Here? (takes paper from In wrath pink fists clasped like two pocket) ah, this I quite forgot. lotus buds, It is a leaf the Sahib threw away. And you he robs of sleep. I fear for His servant filched it from the trash. you PIYARI: A leaf? The fever hath so eaten up your Meanst thou a page from this great strength, Were not Yamima now of age to help Sahib's book? RAM LALL: This extra mite—(to babe) Hush! The same. 'Tis written in the Sahib's PIYARI: hush! Corning, tongue.

The servant carried it to Chhote Lall. He could but read one word and that My sweet, there drink. Go slow, I say. the name (Takes babe and sits on bed with her feet drawn up under her. Babe We love – our Motherland – Poor empties bottle and sleeps.) Chhote Lall Nay, say no more, my husband, well I Is like a child who knows a single know word The babyfold is meant for such as he, But that the best. But God hath made a better babyfold PIYARI: Hast thou deciphered it? For him upon my breast. The' mother- RAM LALL: heart Knows naught of mine and thine. Nay, when I found the babe all other thoughts Since first I saw Rivers of tears washed from my weep- Him in your arms at noon and heard ing heart.

you tell Hold thou the lantern. I will read it How piteously he cried upon the road; now. And since I felt him nestle in my arms, I have thanked God for giving me this (Piyari holds lantern. Both bend over the paper. Padre Sahib interprets day . as he reads.) Another son …. I will not let him go. They are—unspeak-unspeakably dir- RAM LALL: ty-beggars-India is the—Iand So be it as you wish. Small is our of the—out–Dutstretched hand home -begging always-lazy-poor But large enough for love. He is our -vicious-cruel to women and son. children-no homelife— (Stirs fire and throws on another cake) (Crumples paper angrily and throws Saw you the Sahib? it on fire.) PIYARI: Nay, I only heard To bed and sleep-The dawn will soon The clatter when he rode through the be here.

bazaar. (Piyari takes last look at babe—hesi- What does he here? tates-and goes out through door to bedroom.) RAM LALL: He write a book. Yaqub, The tanner's son, talked with his RAM LALL: (Settles quilt more closely groom last night. about the babe and seats himself on He is a learned man. These three the box which he has dragged to the months past . foot of the bed.) He has been touring through our Hin- Dirty? 'Tis true. Our village stank dustan; today From Bengal to Kashmir he rides. With rotting filth; and beggars Today swarmed like flies. Among our hills he feasts his eyes, so Old blind Nihal knelt in the road and said whined The groom; and in a book for all the For pice, knocking his forehead in the world dust To read he writes the glories of our Before the Sahib's horse. The centi- pede Motherland. He is our guest tonight. PIYARI: When goes he hence? That loosens not its grip till it is seared RAM LALL: When this same night. hath opened With a red coal clings not more stub- bornly into dawn. Than old Nihal.· Ah, well, he felt the (Takes baby from Piyari's lap and coal; tucks it tenderly in bed.) When our new son awakes, he will be The stranger's whip bit in his flesh gone. and rolled Get thee to bed. 'Tis late. Him from the road. (Goes to stir fire again. Stands gaz- PIYARI: What hast thou there? ing in flames.)

Beggars and mes and dirt! Thy tiny hands shall hold the pink be- 'Twas all he saw; tonight he writes gonias his book; By their roots and feel the sunshine Tomorrow goes his way. throb their pulse. (glancing at babe) I'll take my rest. RAM LALL: Ah, Christ, the little one (Wraps old shawl about him and sits Is old tonight, and I, filled full of down. Quiet for a time until babe years, stirs and moans. Ram Lall starts up with a guilty look as though Am weary as a babe. afraid.) (Wrapping shawl around him again, Moonface, thy hands are cold. There he sits on box, with head on foot of tuck them down. bed and sleeps exhausted.) Hush, hush, I'll warm them in my PIYARI enters. (Looks at babe in alarm. palms. Touches Ram Lall's bowed head.) Thy little feet how cold! I'll warm My son! My son! again PIYARI: The milk thy mother left. (Warms milk at fire while babe whim- Husband, awake! awake!

pers softly. Takes babe up and sits RAM LALL: (Starting in fright and with it by fire.) cowering behind uplifted hands) Drink, little one, Have mercy, Lord. And thou shalt soon grow warm and ( Confused.) sleep again. Ah, you, Mother of Moonface, is it (As babe quiets he cuddles it and you? PIYARI: sings.) Safe as a b.ee in a jasmine flower, The little one has gone!

Sleep little Moonface, sleep! RAM LALL: In Jesus' arms Drowsily swaying for hour on hour, He lies. Weep not for him. The tender Sleep little Moonface, sleep! hand (Gazes uneasily at babe.) Blue are thy lips and cold thy body, Of death has brushed away the scars of grief; too, Like doors ajar upon an empty room So seamed with hunger was the little Thy eyelids hang. Canst thou no face, longer hold The full rouud moon had shrunk to Thy little fingers curled about my half its size; thumb? All day my heart within me wept to (Frightened.) RAM LALL: see I'll call thy mother then-(hesitates) Nay. she will weep. How the hot sun had shriveled the So softly hast thou crept into her loose skin heart, Upon his bones. So small and parched She ….I. … In this raw air of night he was, The fever phantom stalks, and she is And there in that cruel blaze not e'en frail. a sprig It is not long till morn. (Sits again and cuddles babe.) Of nettle cast a bit of grateful shade.

Ah, Christ I fear Grieve not; the babe is safe; The Evil One is here. (Gazing at pic- But I, I, Wife, ture.) Am stricken dumb with fear. On me Beloved Jesus! the Lord, Take Thy little one. He was Thy gift; Hath poured His anger out. See you I give him back. See here, I consecrate Him first. (Pours water into bowl and no mark touches it to baby's brow.) Upon my brow? It burns between my Moonface, I thee baptize, eyes.

The Father, Son, and Holy· Ghost re- It was the Christ who came. Our ceive humble room Thy little soul, in Jesus' name. Amen. (Sits again weeping and kissing babe. Blazed with His .••. Babe dies. He tucks it back warmly PIYARI: in bed.) Husband, thou didst dream. It was .sleep on, Moonface, the night is well- My hand upon your brow. nigh past. Tomorrow we will make for thee a bed RAM LALL: No! No! Beneath the hillside where the maiden It was in very truth the Lord. I dared Not lift my eyes to gaze a second time hair Will weave its cosy blanket over thee. Upon His countenance. Like the blue star Above Himalaya shone the radiance Upon His brow; His face was like the glow Of fading day upon Chaukamba's crest Before the sun sinks to its rest behind The barren western hills.

The pierced hand ….

METHODS FOR WORKERS

Alas! Alas! That this frail body RAM LALL: should Thy words are true and fall Like blessed balm upon my troubled Have bound my spirit with the chains soul. of sleep.

One little hour more could I have This I have done and yet how small it watched, seems!

I had not failed the trust He laid on I know not why my heart within me faints. me. The flesh was weak; I am undone, un- Truly I love Him and await the day When He shall come in glory for His done! PIYARI: (Awed by his excitement.) Yet whoewnnI' saw His sudden presence And if it were the Lord, why dost thou fear? . gleam, Is all thy preaching vain? Dost thou Fear struck me down; I did not hear His voice indeed, Proclaim to other men a God of Love Nor understand the light upon His brow. Yet shrink faint-hearted when He speaks to thee? What thinkst thou it meant? What fearest thou? RAM LALL: I have betrayed my trust; PIYARI: Open thy Book; Had I not slept perchance the babe How readest thou? "Whoso receiveth one had yet Such little one of mine"- Smiled with the dawn. I am akin to RAM LALL: (Reverently and joyfully) those Three faithless friends who could not "Receiveth me."

watch one hour. PIYARI: PIYARI: Oft in disguise, I do believe our Lord Thou art beside thyself. The weari- Walks in our midst, had we the eyes ness and grief to see; Have filched the jewel of thy peace Upon the lepers even in our streets, away. Sometimes I catch the semblance of His grace. (Half scornfully.) And always in the little children's PIYARI: eyes, Where now has fled the balm thy Gos- pel gives? His Presence smiles behind a thin dis- guise. But three days since I saw thee stand RAM LALL: Here in this room with Rachel while Why deemest thou the vision came to she wept me? To see the children round the Saviour's PIYARI: knee. He did but stoop to take thy offering Thy gentle words rained dews of com- And leave a blessing in its empty place. fort on His promise cannot fail. When thou Her burning heart and quenched its didst give Thy heart's best love to this His little fiery grief.

Poor blinded one, canst thou for others pray And for thyself no consolation find? one, "The least of these" it was to Him, and What says thy Book? (Hands him the Bible.) He RAM LALL: (Without opening Book.) Came in thy dreams to bless thee.

"Unprofitable servant." RAM LALL: God be thanked, PIYARI: "Faithful and good" it reads and truly For such a wife whose lightest word brings peace. so. Didst thou not tramp at noon the dusty I do believe, forgive my unbelief. (Goes over to stand before picture in way adoration. Sudden clatter heard To save the little one whom wicked outside. Piyari goes to door.) hands PIYARI: Had cast aside to die? Didst thou not The Sahib rides at sunrise from the town. bring Begging for pice, the sons of Blind Him sheltered on thy breast and over Nihal Run after him. him Thy folded turban lay to shield him from RAM LALL: (Before picture.) The scorching rays that seared thy Suffer the little ones to come! naked head? Didst thou not hear my pleading; PIYARI: Though it is early beggars are abroad grant my prayer Seeking for food. To keep the babe?

RAM LALL: the MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE When saw we Thee an hungered; WORLD.

Gave Thee food? If it is not too much to ask I should like to have your suggestion as to a PIYARI: demonstration that will effectively present the value of mission study. Oh, shame! The Sahib lays As mission study chairman of Baptist women in Missouri I am quite anxious His whip across their naked backs. to use this plan at our annual state meeting in June, and have not been RAM LALL: Naked able to find a demonstration that fits my needs and desires. And clothed Thee? Any suggestions as to names of PIYARI: such demonstrations and places where they may be secured will be greatly "Vicious-cruel-poor-" in truth; appreciated. I am They are but little children that he Sincerely, strikes! MRS. GEORGE MCWILLIAMS. Just little children, scarcely more than NEW YEAR'S DREAMS babes! "Say that we dream! Our dreams have PADRE SAHIB: woven Unto the least of these, as unto Thee. Truths that outface the burnin~ sun; (He turns to stand by Piyari in center The lightnings that we dreamed have of room, facing the little window.) cloven 'Tis true, Piyari: thou hast spoken Time, space, and linked all lands in truth; one! Poor though it was and grudgingly be- Dreams! But their swift celestial stowed, fingers Our Lord accepts our humble sacrifice. Have knit the world with threads of The fragile little hands stretched out steel, to us Till no remotest island lingers Were filled with tokens of our father's Outside the world's great Common- love. . weal.

(A sudden ray of sunshine, as the sun rises above the horizon, floods the room with light.) Light breaks, and we have much to do today; Let us not waste the precious morning hours. (He takes a crude pick from the corner and goes outdoors. Piyari moves over to bed and stands look- ing at the baby.) CURTAIN.

A HELPFUL TOOL "Dreams are they? But ye cannot stay them, Have you read Commander Evangeline Booth's article, Japan Turns Or thrust the dawn back for one hour! Toward aNew Day? If not, you may Truth, Love, and Justice, if ye slay them, secure it by sending five cents to Christian Herald, 419 Fourth Ave., Return with more than earthly power: New York, N. Y., and asking that you Strive, if ye will to seal the fountains be sent the April 19, 1930 issue. You cannot afford to miss the thrill of it. That send the Spring through leaf and spray: A REQUEST Drive back the sun from the Eastern The following is one of many such mountains, letters coming to the desk of this department. These requests give a de- Then – bid this mightier movement gree of guidance to the editor. In stay. every case all possible help is given from this office. "It is the Dawn! The Dawn! The na- tions MRS. F. 1. JOHNSON, New York, N. Y. From East to West have heard a cry- Dear Mrs. Johnson: I am an interested reader of your Through all earth's blood-red genera- tions, department, Methods for Workers, in By hate and slaughter, climbed thus high, Here. on this height, still to aspire, Only one path remains untrod, One path of Love and Peace climbs higher,- Make straight that highway for our God."

-Alfred Noyes, The Wine-Press.

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN

FLORENCE G. TYLER and FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, Editors Executive Secretaries of the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions and Council of Women for Home Missions EVA CLARK WAID MEMORIAL tions and to this she gave herself FUND FOR WORLD PEACE wholeheartedly. Because of her en- thusiasm on the subject the Council of Women for Home Missions is set- ting up the Eva Clark Waid Memorial Fund for World Peace. It is planned to raise, among her friends and ad- mirers, a fund of at least $10,000, the interest on which will be used to fur- ther the work of international rela- tions. At present this will be largely through the National Committee on the Cause and Cure of War.

Mrs. Waid's many friends will be glad of the opportunity to express in this Memorial their appreciation of her life and devotion to the causes of righteousness. It is planned to com- plete the Memorial by December 31, 1930.

Those interested should send clear- ly designated contributions, large or small, to the Council of Women for Home Missions, 105 East 22d Street, New York, N. Y. -C. S. W.

ALICE M. KYLE EVA CLARK W AID In thinking of Alice Kyle-now JANUARY 10. 1869-JUNE 11. 1929 among the "saints who from their labors rest"-memory goes back over fifty years to a slender young girl in Mrs. Dan Everett Waid, a charter Portland, Maine. She had recently member of the Council of Women for become a Christian, and her ardent Home Missions, continued in active sensitive nature made her relation to membership until her death, a year Christ, as it was to her human ago in June. Her logical mind, quick friends, most real and vital. She loved insight into cause and effect, her good to speak of Him as Master, and later judgment, linked with unusual re- when the call to service came, she source in the matter of working heard it as from the beloved Master through problems presented, made her of her life. a valuable member of the many com- Those who knew her in later years, mittees on which she served, while her as the able, well-poised and ready tact and keen sense of humor won speaker for missions would perhaps many friends for herself and the cause wonder that in the early days of Chris- she presented. tian Endeavor she wrote to a former In no work of the Council was she pastor in deep anxiety over the pos- more interested than in the great sible pledging herself to speak in movement for peace among the na- public-even a few words. But the 535

fact that she did so, and became will- That heavenly touch kept her spirit ing to do what was hard for her may strong even with the body failing, and explain the secret of her years of use- now fullness of life and joy are hers, fulness. She sometimes, when asked and we rejoice that her new service to speak before clerical gatherings, has begun for the Master she loved. laughingly recalled her early fears. ~M. H. G. Miss Kyle began her work with the Woman's Board of Missions of the THE WILL TO COOPERATE-PLUS Congregational Church in 1892, coming from Portland, where she had been By SUE WEDDELL teaching. She had become deeply interested in missions, and had thought Secretary of the Joint Committee on of the foreign field as a place for her Leadership Training work. Instead of that she acted as Field Secretary for years, traveling It is a day not only of international through the country and making many and interdenominational but of interfriends for herself as well as for organizational activity as well. Comissions. Later she was made Edito- operation is the word of the hour. It rial Secretary, serving until 1924 as has been wisely stated that organiza- Editor of Life and Light. tions as well as persons need more than the wiU to cooperate, they need to set She was the first Chairman of the up the mechanics for cooperation. Committee on Christian Literature With the very best will in the world for Women and Children in Mission toward each other it is possible for Fields and gave years of enthusiastic organizations of similar purpose to stand in each other's way and thus service to that work. She became a check progress in the very work they Secretary Emeritus of the American are organized to support. But when Board in 1924, but continued her work we link to a cooperative spirit, actual as treasurer of the Committee on lines of cooperative endeavor we find Christian Literature to the time of ourselves moving forward steadily and her death. Through many of these constructively. years she bore the burden of impaired eyesight. Such a step toward cooperative en- deavor in the field of missionary edu- One cannot think of Alice Kyle cation was taken this year by the without recognizing her wonderful ca- Council of Women for Home Missions, pacity for friendship. Faithful and the Federation of Woman's Boards of loyal to Christ and to her earthly Foreign Missions and the Missionary friends, she rejoiced in their joys and Education Movement and representasorrowed in their griefs. Her pen tives of the International Council of was always ready for loving words at Religious Education. It is known as the Joint Committee on Leadership anniversaries or birthdays, even in the Training. If one were to search stress of her busy life. Her own through the correspondence and repoems often bore these greetings. She ports of these organizations for months back it would be easy to pick loved her work, and one of the hard out such phrases as 'acutely feeling trials of her life was to lay it down. the need of leadership development in the local church," and "on all sides The severe experience of her long the church is calling for more leaders." illness was most keenly felt but courageously met. For one whose years Why set up conferences and schools had been given to public speaking it of missions if there are few trained was a peculiar trial to be limited as teachers for them? Why write study she was. On her 1914 Christmas card books if leaders are not forthcoming the closing words are these: to put them before our churches? Such questions, striking deep into the Or if amid the joyous throng, very heart of the programs of each Thou walkest lonely, missing much organization, were ever-present at That used to fill thy life with song, I crave for thee the heavenly touch To keep thy spirit strong.

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

executive meetings. Various commit- and an assembler of experience in this tees had from time to time been ap- line, standing ready at all times to be pointed to study the subject; plans of service in setting up training into meet the need had been discussed stitutes. and tried out in the separate headquarters. The time was ripe for A very careful analysis of leadertaking a forward step; so when, at ship needs throughout the country has the Annual Meetings held in January, led the committee to recommend that 1930, at Atlantic City, it was proposed all Training Institutes include classes to work jointly on this great problem, or discussion groups for three types the project was entered into with of need. eagerness. 1. For inspiration or missionary "To explore the whole field of lead- conviction, presenting the importance ership training in the missionary en- of missionary training, a survey of terprise and to initiate the best plans the literature available, and ways in and methods for training leaders for which the missionary attitude can be the missionary cause," is the ex- developed in summer camps, Vacation pressed purpose of the committee. Bible Schools, and various summer Three representatives, each, from the conferences. Council, Federation and Movement, the Chairman of the Joint Committee 2. For background in/ormation on on Conferences and Schools of Mis- subjects with which otherwise expesions of these three bodies, and rep- rienced leaders are unfamiliar. Textresentatives of the International book courses would be amplified by Council is the basis of committee survey address, and question and anmembership. At the first meeting of swer periods led by persons well postthis joint group held on March fourth, ed on the various mission fields. Mrs. Orrin R. Judd was chosen Chairman. 3. For specific methods in teaching missions to adults, young people and The committee has set itself as children, very practical sessions inmain tasks for the present: 1, holding cluding actual laboratory work in of training institutes for leaders in preparation for teaching the textbooks conferences and schools of missions to all ages. and teachers of mission study books in places already conscious of this "To inspire, to inform, to prepare, need; 2, surveying the entire country to empower" was the slogan of the to discover points where such insti- Indianapolis Institute. These are key tutes might be held in the future and words of leadership training. May the 3, seeking to stimulate interest and record of Indianapolis and Englewood, discover needs for this type of train- added to the valuable experiences of ing in many sections of the country. past years serve to unlock doors all over our land and to point the way to Two institutes have already been larger effort and increased enthusiasm held with results that justify them; in this important part of our misthe first at Indianapolis, Indiana, May sionary enterprise. 5-6; and the other at Englewood, New Jersey, May 8-10. The Indianapolis The Indianapolis Institute Institute had been partly set up by a state group and the Committee helped By JOY F. TAYLOR in suggesting program and leadership. The Englewood Institute was entirely It is amazing and gratifying to note in the hands of the Joint Committee. the eagerness with which workers in religious and missionary education It is hoped that the committee will yearn to see their two programs so be looked upon not so much as an separated until now, become one with organizer and promoter of individual no sacrifice of values in either proinstitutes, but as a counselling group gram. Another evidence of this was manifest in a coaching institute held in Indianapolis, Indiana, on May 5th and 6th, in which the missionary edu-

cation department of the United ciples missionary education depart- Christian Missionary Society (Dis- ment taught the course, "How to ciples of Christ) had a significant Teach Missions to Children"; Floyd part. Carr (Baptist), "How to Teach Mis- sions to Intermediates"; Roy E. Burt At the annual meeting of the In- (Methodist), "to Seniors"; Mrs. Hulternational Council of Religious Edu- dah Mossberg Phipps, "to Young Peocation held in Chicago, last February, ple." Dr. T. H. P. Sailer, honorary a discussion of the needs of the lead- secretary of the Missionary Education ers of the two groups to know each Movement, Mrs. Dan B. Brummit repother's program, aims and curricula, resenting the Council of Women for gave birth to the suggestion that Home Missions and Miss Edith there be held Institutes of Missionary Eberle (Disciples) in a total of six- Education to coach summer conference teen hours of class work presented teachers and leaders, and teachers in "How to Teach Missions to Adults." the local churches responsible for see- Dr. Walter Getty, Leadership Training that the proper elements of a ing Secretary of the Missionary Edu- Christian curriculum are balanced in cation Movement taught, "How to Put the curricula projected. There are al- Missions into the Whole Program of ready four excellent summer confer- the Local Church." ences of ten days in lengths held under the auspices of the Missionary Edu- There were 110 registrants reprecation Move'ment which represents senting sixteen Indiana cities besides twenty-seven home and foreign mis- sixteen persons who came from five sion boards of thirteen communions. states outside of Indiana. Ohio had rep- There are also the score or more of resentatives from Columbus, Dayton, conferences and schools of missions Cincinnati and Logan. Eleven denomaffiliated with the Federation of Wom- inations were represented. It is hoped an's Boards of Foreign Missions and that in the Institute to be held in 1931 Council of Women for Home Missions there will be as large a per cent of which are conducted by local commit- pastors present from all communions tees of women. But due to the rapid- as the Baptists had-nineteen out of ly increasing program of denomina- forty delegates. All agreed that the tional summer conferences, it was felt minister was the key to the situation that there was a place for coaching in the effort to "marry" religious and institutes for the administrators and missionary education. teachers of the denominational conferences. The Englewood Institute The Baptists and the Disciples took By FLORENCE G. TYLER the responsibility for trying to initiate a Mid-Central Institute for those Forty-two mission study leaders communions whose constituencies are gathered at the First Presbyterian strong in the states within easy reach Church of Englewood, New Jersey, of Indianapolis. They called together May 8, 9 and 10th, for information state representatives of six commun- and training for summer conferences ions and of the Missionary Social and fall institutes. The delegates were Union (interdenominational group of entertained Harvard plan, in the women's missionary societies), the homes of Englewood, and given mod- Church Federation of Indianapolis, erate priced luncheons and dinners at the Indiana Council of Religious Edu- the church, thus reducing the cost of cation, and the Y. W. C. A. A local attendance to the minimum and putcommittee was formed and the result ting but slight strain on the commuwas a successful Institute, plans for nity. annual recurrence of which were voted at the last session. The training was brief but inten- sive. The morning consisted of two Miss Grace McGavran of the Dis- two-hour periods as did also the after- noon, while the two evenings were

given to authorities on India and The with Latin American countries to tell Caribbean Area. Dr. Oscar Buck of present conditions and problems in spoke on India with one hour of Haiti and Porto Rico; Professor Irquestions, and Dr. Samuel Guy Inman ving Fisher, nationally known for his on the Caribbean Area, also answer- understanding of one of the most vital ing a wide array of questions. Under issues affecting our country today, this plan eight hours were given to who will discuss the prohibition queseach of the five study books taught, tion; Miss Florence E. Quinlan, Execand eight hours to methods for juniors utive Secretary of the Council of and the same to methods for inter- Women for Home Missions. who will mediates. It was possible for each call attention to certain present-day attendant to take two classes, in ad- emphases of home missions; Miss dition to the benefit received from Katherine Gardner, Secretary of the the evening question hours. Church Women's Committee on Race Relations who will tell of the progress Among the teachers were Miss being made in the direction of better Elizabeth Harris of the Missionary understanding between Negroes and Education Movement; Dr. T. H. P. their white neighbors. Sailer, Presbyterian; Miss Ina Burton of the Baptist Board, Dr. D. J. The home mission theme for the Fleming of Union Theological Semi- year is "The Caribbean Area." No nary; Miss Margaret Marston of the more important problems face our Episcopal Board; Dr. George W. Hin- country today than those that are inman of the American Missionary As- volved in its relations with the West sociation (Congregational); and Mr. Indies, Central America and Mexico. Walter Getty of the Missionary Edu- Mrs. Dan B. Brummit will conduct cation Movement. the regular morning class, using as the study basis the textbook, Trailing This conference, put on under the the Conquistadores by Dr. Samuel Guy leadership of the Missionary Educa- Inman. The Story Hour will again be tion Movement, Council of Women for led by Mrs. Herbert E. Munsey. In Home Missions and Federation of addition there will be a methods class Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions, and in the afternoon open forum hours was pronounced a success by all at- giving opportunity for free discussion tending and it is hoped that this effort and conference. will be duplicated in many sections of the country. Missionaries will be heard in mes- sages from various stations in home MISSIONS AT CHAUTAUQUA mission fields. A local committee chosen from women residents on the Home Missions Inatitute grounds and representative of all de- nominations will be constantly on the Augnst 10-15 lookout to secure for the Institute the best talent available during the week. The twentieth annual Home Mis- At the literature booth, there will be sions Institute conducted by the Coun- an interesting display of posters and cil of Women for Home Missions in pUblications issued on home missions cooperation with the Chautauqua In- by the several denominational boards. stitution at Lake Chautauqua, New For further details and printed an- York, will be held August 10-15. nouncement, write to Mrs. Orrin R. Judd, Council of Women for Home The program provides many attrac- Missions, 105 East 22d Street, New tive features. The opening address of York, N. Y. the Institute will be made in the Amphitheater on Sunday afternoon by The Institute presents an admirable Dr. Cleland B. McAfee, moderator opportunity for the training of leadduring the year 1929-1930 of the Gen- ers for the local church. making vaeral Assembly of the Presbyterian cation days truly worthwhile. Play, Church, U. S. A. Other speakers include Dr. C. S. Detweiler who will draw upon his intimate acquaintance

rest, study, fellowship, inspiration church, should hear Mrs. Lippard.

combine in a well-balanced program. General, study book and personal A week in the summer may count for methods will be taught by Mrs. F. I.

little or it may be of priceless value, Johnson who has had this work in the effecting the enlistment of an indi- Chautauqua Institute for four suc- vidual in definite Christian service, or cessive years. Mrs. Georgia McAdams the revitalization of an entire church Clifford, President of the American for the accomplishment of its divinely- Association of Story Tellers, is to ordained mission. give a course in story telling, covering Every church should be concerned a series of new stories, as well as to avail itself of the abundant facili- technique. This course is free to those ties offered by conferences such as the attending the Institute; a rare op- Institute for training those of its portunity. membership who shall make possible an increasingly effective program of Addresses will be given by Dr. missionary education. The women's Kumetaro Sasao, Dean of Meiji Gaorganization in the church is pecu- kuin University, Toyko, Japan. Dr. liarly adapted to cultivate that concern Sasao will probably participate in the until leadership training is recognized Monday forum which is to deal with as an integral part of the life and the question of Japanese women in work of every local church. the realms of culture, industry and re- ligion as related to the "new Japan."

The Home Missions Institute at Dr. J. W. R. Netram, Canadian Mis- Chautauqua, therefore, invites both sion, Indore, C. I., and author of that for itself and for all similar schools unusual book just off the press Will of missions the largest possible sup- India Become Christian? is to give one port of the women of the churches. address, and to help in the India forum. Mr. Netram is India's own Foreign Missions Institute Stanley Jones.

August 17-23 Surely those who attend the Insti- The Chautauqua Institute of For- tute will find the work of the coming eign Missions which is to be held at year easier and more productive.

Chautauqua, New York, August 17-23, LEADERSHIP THROUGH SERVICE has one of the strongest programs in I would like to see the missionary soits history. Last year there was an cieties of America and England send to enrolment of approximately fourteen India a type of mind that is capable of hundred. being modified on the field. In Moffatt's Those wishing local information translation of the Epistles, St. Paul may secure it from Miss Laura Shot- writes to his converts: "Don't be called well, Chautauqua, New York. For fathers. Don't be called teachers – I program information write to Mrs. know, and you don't. Don't be called leaders – I lead, and you follow- but F. I. Johnson, Federation of Woman's set out to be called servants. That is the only attitude I can trust you with. The Boards of Foreign Missions, 419 other attitudes work out in a non-Chris- Fourth Avenue, New York, N. Y. tian way." If you train up young people The study book A Cloud of Wit- to be leaders and half a dozen come tonesses will be taught by Mrs. W. T. gether, you get a series of clashes. It is Elmore who has had missionary ex- only through service that we gain leaderperience in India. Mrs. C. K. Lippard, ship. You cannot train people to be leaders. You can only train people to Department of Junior Work of the be servants. Leadership is a by-product· United Lutheran Church in America, and renunciation is the path by which is to have charge of all junior work. true leadership can be reached. If men As an authority on junior methods come out to India self-renounced, ready to lose themselves so as to find them- she probably has no superior. Work- gelves. they will become leaders. The day of the master in the East is gone ers in other departments, as well as the day of the servant is just dawning: in the missionary department of their -E. Stanley Jones.

AMERICA drink to win popularity, 96.2 per

replied no. Belief that the Eighteenth New Atlanta University Amendment has benefited the United States was expressed by 70 per cent. ONE of the most significant move- Parents are rated at 60.8 per cent as ments in the field of higher edu- the chief influence in shaping the cation for the Negro is the affiliation views of youth on temperance and Proof three colleges, located in the same hibition." The data were obtained section of Atlanta, Georgia, and the from widely separated cities and towns establishment of a university for post- in the country. graduate work. The three are Atlanta University, founded by the American Congregationalists Approve Mission- Missionary Association, Morehouse and Spelman Colleges, the last two ary Program for South under Baptist direction. It bas been felt that Atlanta had too many Negro MISSIONARY work among Negroes colleges, and thereby failed to secure of the South, culminating in the gifts from educational foundations. It proposed establishment of Dillard Uniwas decided to discontinue undergrad- versity in New Orleans, will continue uate work at Atlanta University and as an important part of the American make the school a real university for Missionary Association program, it postgraduate study. was indicated at the annual sessions of the Congregational Home Boards Growth of Small Cities at Plymouth Institute, Brooklyn.' The delegates represented 5,000 Congrega- T HE decade of the twenties was a tional churches in the United States period of substantial growth to the mid-sized city. Associated Press com- The next convention will be held at pilations, covering about 800 cities al- Seattle in conjunction with the first ready announced by census supervis- meeting of the General Council of Conors, showed marked increases in cities gregational and Christian Churches in of 25,000 to 50,000 in most cases. July, 1931. This meeting will merge the two churches formally, with a Especially noticeable was the rise membership of more than 1,000,000. of the suburbs of the great metropolitan centers. This trend continued on Religious Training and Crime down into cities of lesser populations.

High Schools and Prohibition JUDGE LEWIS L. FAWCETT, Jus- tice of New York State Supreme A FTER a year's investigation, the ft Presbyterian Board of Christian Court, states that his experience of 23 Education asserts that high school stu- years on the bench, during which time dents endorse the dry law and observe only three of the more than 4,000 boys it. "An overwhelming majority of the convicted of crime before him were stUdents, 78.7 per cent," the report members of a Sunday-school, has satisstates, "claim they do not drink any fied him that the Sunday-school is the intoxicants. None admit frequent only effective means of stemming drinking; 21.3 occasional drinking; crime among youth. He further states 19.2 per cent state that their parents that in 1,902 cases of suspended sendrink. Asked if it is necessary to tence, where a minister, priest or rabbi had ta,ken an interest at his request, 541

only 62 boys were brought back for should be stimulated by placing a more violation of parol. pronounced emphasis on the enrich- ment of spiritual life. The U. S. Marshal at Centralia, Wash., has similar ideas. Three boys The so-called unified church budget, of 14 to 16 years, convicted of robbery, which would group all the finances of were sentenced to spend 30 days in the local church, including current excustody of the marshal. Four hours a penses and missionary support, in a day they must write out passages from single fund, called forth much discusthe Scriptures which the marshal se- sion and led to a decision to make this lects, and four hours daily they spend a major subject for discussion at the in memorizing the U. S. Constitution. conference next year.

Visitation Evangelism April 11, the promotional represent- atives met in joint session with the THE result of the campaign of visi- Religious Publicity Council, a new or- tation evangelism, carried on by the ganization. There was a general feel- Chicago Church Federation, is about ing that the constructive values of 15,000 new members won to Chicago publicity had not been sufficiently recchurches. At a jubilee service, held at ognized by the churches or given adethe Auditorium Theater, 3,000 Chris- quate support. tian men and women, representing 179 congregations' of seventeen different Lutheran Student Association denominations, who had taken an active part in the visitation program, THE Lutheran Student Association came together to express their grati- of America, established in 1922 for tude for the privilege of such an un- the purpose of bringing together for usual service. worship, study and service Lutheran college and university students, has The bulletin of the Chicago Church taken as its objectives for this year, Federation says that the campaign (1) the strengthening of local groups shows that it is possible for the Prot- on campuses, (2) the strengthening estant churches of Chicago to work to- of religious life of Lutheran students gether when a common workable pro- through study of the Augsburg Congram is presented. "We somehow feel fession, (3) the continuing :of the that if 179 churches, banded together support of the Indian scholarship of in eighteen communities, could by $120, and, (4) the continuing of the united effort gather in 15,000 souls, support of the Lutheran Theological after having made a preliminary sur- Seminary at Leningrad, Russia. The vey of 500,000, there is no limit to Association is divided into 6 regional what a thousand Protestant churches groups which hold annual conventions. in Chicago would be able to do." Each region sends two delegates to constitute the Lutheran Student Coun- Plans for Missionary Support cil of America, which is a representa- tive body meeting twice a year. The REPRESENTATIVES of the pro- official organ of the Association is the motional departments of fifteen American Lutheran Stwient, issued denominations met in Philadelphia, four times a year and featuring edi- April 10, under the auspices of the torials, stories and news items about Federal Council of Churches to con- the activities of Lutheran students. sider plans for developing stronger support for missionary and benevolent China Institute in ADlerica programs. The keynote was sounded by the Rev. C. C. Merrill, Secretary A N INSTITUTE was founded in of the Congregational Commission on 1"1. May, 1926, by the China Foun- Missions, who deplored the tendency to think of church work in terms of dation for the Promotion of Education salesmanship, and urged that giving and Culture. The Institute has prov- en its usefulness in various ways, par-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ticularly as a center for the dissemi- is still rare in the East. She should nation of information concerning not adopt blindly all that her Western China, and for the promotion of closer sister is taking without any regard relationships between China and as to whether they fit her, and suit America. Its services have been ap- the place she lives in." preciated by both Chinese and Americans. In January, 1930, the Institute Youth in Turkey was incorporated as an independent organization, with a Board of Trus- NEW headquarters for the Turkish tees and Board of Advisors, consisting Hearth Society were opened in of representative Chinese and Ameri- Angora last April. The building, dedcans.-Chinese Christian Student. icated to Turkish youth, was the out- growth of a fund established about On the Honor Roll four years ago by the late "Golden Rule" Nash of Cincinnati. Dedication THE Federal Council's Commission of the building was one of the features on Race Relations records that 43 of Child Welfare Week, another feastates were free from lynching in 1929. ture being the opening of a children's In 1921, the Commission began an playground. Half the money for this annual "Honor Roll" for states with enterprise was raised in the United a clean record in this respect. Ac- States by a group known as the Amercording to the 1929 records of Dr. ican Friends of Turkey. Monroe N. Work of Tuskegee Institute, there were ten lynchings during This is the second year that Child that year; and twenty-seven instances Welfare Week has been observed in in which officers of the law prevented Turkey. The program was directed lynchings. by the Child Protection Society. or Himayei Etfal, which annually ex- WESTERN ASIA pends about $125,000 in clinics, in- fants' clothing, milk distribution, Freedom for Women mother's care, provision of baths for children and sending. them to schools FRESHMEN of the American Junior and orphanages. Himayei Etfal is the College for Women, Beirut, Syria, only large self-supporting philanthroprectmtly handed in some themes ex- ic movement in Turkey. pressing their ideas on "The Freedom of Women." They are quoted to illus- Cooperation in the Balkans trate how these girls think; AN INTER-MISSION Conference "When we say 'freedom of women,' held in Sofia last March shows we immediately think that the East that progress has been made in muis in great need of it. It is true; but tual understanding between Western had these religions which playa great Protestantism and the Eastern Orthpart in debasing the position of wom- odox Church. The following resoluen sprung up in the West, the same tion was unanimously adopted: thing would have been true for the 'Vest." "We appreciate heartily the re- sponse with which representatives of "The world is looking for women, the great Eastern Orthodox churches not for copies of men! She already have met sympathetic approaches on has enough of that. May she be able our part; and we gladly recognize the to find them!" historic service rendered by these churches in preserving the Christian "From the East the oriental woman doctrines and organizations during peeped at her sister in the Wes.t, and centuries of hostility, persecution and she wished to follow at her heels. But oppression; before such an attempt could be undertaken, she must study and see what "We recommend that the individuals things have helped the Western wom- here present. and so far as feasible an to become what she is today. She should ask for higher education which

the agencies represented, seek addi- "Miss G. Constant Lounsbery and tional means of coming to fuller mu- her coworkers are to be congratulated tual understanding with members of upon the success of their efforts to the Orthodox churches; and particu- organize an association for the purlarly aim to discover definite Christian pose of working in the interest of the and social tasks which may be use- cause of Buddhism in Frante." In fully undertaken jointly by Orthodox addition to the dissemination of Budand Evangelicals; dha's teachings the Society aims at bringing about, through the medium "In the conviction that cooperation of the Buddhist religion, a better unmust be partly learned by the prac- derstanding between the peoples of tice of cooperating, we recommend the West and the East. that part of the next Inter-Mission Conference be devoted to reports on Colombo has decided to send three such experiments undertaken during priests to London, which is said to the year."-Congregationalist. have 500 Buddhists. A wealthy Cey- lonese is meeting the expense.-Bap- Healing Ministry in Arabia tist Missionary Review.

DR. PAUL W. HARRISON of Ara- Aid for French Seminary bia, reports that the second year of medical work in Muttrah has THE Paris Protestant Theological doubled in volume over the first year. On a two months' tour along the coast . Seminary has been a bulwark for almost as much medical work was done French Protestantism in training. as in all the rest of the year. Four leaders for French churches. A drive invitations were received to visit Has- made in America for funds for this sa, one to treat the son of King Ibn Seminary has completed its goal of Saoud and heir to the throne; another $50,000.· An effort is now being made to treat the Governor of Hassa. on behalf of the Protestant Foyer of Belleville, Paris. This projected Prot- In Kuweit, Bedouins, wounded in estant community center is located in desert battles, have almost swamped the heart of a very squalid industrial the hospital, and surprisingly little district, and has wonderful potentialifanaticism has been seen. ties for Christian service to -the French people, especially to the chil- EUROPE dren in that section of the city.

Poland's Protestants Poland and Baltic States I N POLAND'S population of 30,000,- POLAND with a population of some 000, there are about a million Prot- thirty million people, consisting of estants; and in the Polish army of Jews, Ukrainians, Germans, White 250,000 men, are 7,000 Protestants, Russians, Lithuanians, Czechs, as well mostly Lutherans. There is an allow- as Poles, is one of the greatest misance of 10 Protestant chaplains, but sionary problems in Europe today. due to lack of funds only five are in Evangelical work is called for in at actual service. These chaplains visit least six languages, to cope with the the garrisons and conduct services in variety of religious conceptions. In Polish and German. The Polish Gov- the Baltic states to the north, the reernment has printed 20,000 copies of ligious situation presents many proba devotional book comprising hymns, lems. Poverty is acute, and churches prayers and Scripture passages for are maintained with the greatest difthe use of Protestant soldiers. ficulty. In Latvia, Christian educa- tion is promoted by the Sunday-school In the Cause of Buddha Union, which is interdenominational in character. There are embraced in FRANCE has a Buddhist Society, the Union 153 Sunday-schools, repre- Les Amis de Bouddhism, on which senting some 8,000 young people and the British Buddhist makes the following comment:

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

700 teachers. In Esthonia, the great- books, leaflets on health, sanitation. est need is for Christian literature for epidemics, etc., are in evidence in the young. The country is now being every Christian village. The Census flooded with blasphemous reading mat- Superintendent of the Mysore State. ter from Russia. Very few mission- a Hindu, says: aries, either from Britain or America, go to these states.-The Christian. The enlightening influence of Chris- tianity is patent in the higher standard INDIA of comfort of the converts and their sober, disciplined and busy lives. To take Forward Step in Missions education, for instance, we find that, among Indian Christians, no less than WHEN the International Mission- 11,523 persons, or 25 per cent, are· re- ary COuncil at Jerusalem adopted turned as literate, while for the total its report on "The Christian Message," population of the State the percentage the following paragraph seemed the- is only 6. oretical to many: -National Missionary Intelligencer. We urge that every possible step be taken to make real the fellowship of the Rural Problems Gospel. The churches of the West send missions and missions-of-help to the I NDIA has fewer trained agriculturchurches of Africa and Asia. We be- ists than any other civilized counlieve that the time has come when all try, and most of these are foreigners. would gain if ,the younger churches were The percentage of India's population invited to send missions-of-help to the engaged in agriculture is estimated at churches of Europe and America to min- from 70 to 90%. Most farmers have. ister of their treasure to the spiritual holdings of less than 2% acres. life of those to whom they come. The Jerusalem Conference gave im- Although the Je'rusalem gathering petus to the reappraisal of rural probis only two years in the past, the Brit- lems. Fourteen schools heretofore ish Conference of Missionary Socie- purely literary are now developing the ties, in accordance with the sugges- vocational side., All use the "project" tion of the Jerusalem report, has sent method. One stresses teacher-training an invitation to the National Chris- or training of leaders; another the tian Council of India to send a "mis- application of Christianity to the sosion-of-help" to Great Britain in the cial life of an Indian village, with crenear future, and the National Chris- ative activity as the atmosphere; tian Council of India has voted to ac- another self-support; and another cept the invitation. Bishop Azariah, homemaking which has the cottage President of the Council, speaks of it system, self-government and a garden. as "a call to Indian Christianity to ~impIicity and comparative lack of excrystallize its own experience" in or- pense are fundamental features. der that its representatives in the About twenty years ago, the Govern- West may have a clear message to ment established agricultural depots give. and cooperative credit societies. At present, there are government agri- Some Comparisons cultural colleges in all but three prov- inces. Credit is given stUdents who WHILE the proportion of pupils in utilize their vacation by working in the primary schools of India to the fields. – Woman's Missionary the general population is 2.5, it is 7.3 Friend. fot Christians; and nearly all Christian schools are in rural areas. While Pariahs alld Hindus Riot 226 per thousand of the Christian Santalis can read, only 3 per thousand SERIOUS rioting, unconnected with non-Christian Santalis come up to the independence campaign of the this standard. The number of literate Indian nationalists, broke out at Ma- Telugus is almost nil, but 15% of the sik, about 100 miles northeast of Bom- Christians can read. Bibles, hymn bay. The fight was between caste 5

Hindus and "untouchables" who are ISLANDS not allowed to enter the temples or participate in any Hindu religious Solomon Islander Enters Ministry ceremonies. The caste men took from the temples two chariots containing T HE first Solomon Islander, Belimages which were to be drawn in shazzar Gina, to train for the minprocession by 5,000 devotees. The istry was this year received by the "untouchables," who also have gath- Methodist Mission. Gina is well fitted ered in thousands, rushed to pull on for this office. His training at Wesley the ropes alongside the caste men. The College and his three years' residence latter resisted and a fight developed. in the Dominion have given him an Many stones were thrown and police excellent knowledge of English, thus finally charged with batons to disperse opening theological and other literathe mob. No one was killed but more ture. This is but the beginning of than a hundred suffered injuries. the establishment of a native ministry in these Islands.-The Open Door. About 50,000 pilgrims had gathered in Masik for a fair. Sonth Sea Youth N. M. S. in Telugu Villages A"YOUTH MOVEMENT" in the South Sea Islands, independent MISSIONARY T. M. THOMAS of mission origin, plans to raise $50,- writes in the National Missionary 000 for education. The movement is Intelligencer that forty-five men, wom- reported by Rev. George C. Lockwood en and children, drawn from the Mala of Jaluit, who says that the re~ark­ community, were baptized early in the able thing about the movement IS the year at Chinnakodipa, Parkal Taluk. belfef on the part of these youths that Among them were some leading men other peoples have something that they of the community. This field is a do not have, and a confidence that they, recent sphere of work undertaken by too, can have these things if they the National Missionary Society. make up their minds to have them. A Splendid missionary voork is being young chief, who seemed to be a leaddone by the good Bishop of Dornakal er, told Mr. Lockwood that they wished and the missionaries under him. Bish- to support the mission schools, and op Azariah reports that on a single that they had not consulted the misoccasion during December last he ad- sionaries because they did not want ministered the Sacrament of baptism the Japanese to get the idea that the to 220 souls, over half of whom were mission was back of this movement. drawn from the caste people. World's Oldest Parliament Where Is N awabgan,j 7 T HE Iceland Parliament, known as NAWABGANJ is a town of about the "Althing" began its existence 10000 souls, situated on the bord- in 930, due to the influence of early ers of the Tarabganj and Hariya Tah- Christian missionaries, who assisted sils. These two Tahsils contain 698,- the people in forming a stable goverJ?- 794 persons, living in about 3,140 ment and codifying their laws. It IS towns and villages. There are at pres- said to be the world's oldest parliaent two missionaries residing in these ment, and this year is celebrating its two Tahsils. It would take them over one thousandth anniversary. two years to visit each village once, if they visited two each a day. .~he "Mother" Hoppin whole district is living in superstlhon and idolatry, very few people c~n read MISS JESSIE R. HOPPIN, Amerand write, and being so near AJodhya, ican Board missionary in the the great religious center, the people Marshall Islands, first went to the are firm in their religion and their Caroline Islands in 1890. She is hearts are very hard. known throughout the South Sea Islands as "Mother." In his privately

193(}] WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

published volume, "Taking One's Ship North China Theological Seminary at Around the World," Mr. William K. Tenghsien, Shantung Province. Mr. Vanderbilt tells of his farewell to Miss R. C. Wells, Chairman of the China Hoppin: Council of Presbyterian Missions, re- cently attended a meeting of the com- "She looked tired. She had begun bined chapel of the North China Theher merciful service among these peo- ological Seminary and Mateer Memople in her early twenties; she is still rial Institute, and writes: carrying on at the age of seventy. She devoted herself to them, looked after "It was a pleasure to hear myoId their interests and ministered to their friend, the famous evangelist, speak sick, for which she is famed through- to the students. This remarkable out the Marshall Islands. When the Christian worker still has his old good Lord finally takes her these peo- earnestness and winning smile. It ple will mourn for their 'Mother' with was an inspiring sight to see this heavy hearts. We asked her on board chapel filled with students who are the yacht for dinner, but she refused planning to give their lives to some because a boy she was nursing had form of Christian work. There are reached the crisis in his illness. Na- eighty-five men and thirty-five young tives look to her for help and she is women in the regular seminary, and there, bless her heart." about sixty-five theological prepara- tory students in Mateer Memorial New Zealand A:8'airs Institute."

ARE CENT analysis of the reli- Religious Status Since 192'2 gious affiliation of native New Zealanders gives the following inter- DR. CHENG CHING YI, moderator esting figures: Anglican Maoris; 25,- of the Church of Christ in China, 200; Ratanaists, 11,567; Roman in the yearbook of the Christian move- Catholics, 8,524; Ringatu, 4,539; ment in China, points out that the Methodists, 4,043; Mormons, 3,454; anti-Christian outburst, which began Presbyterians, 638; other miscellane- in 1922, has resulted in at least four ous religious registrations, 1,406. New positive benefits to the Chinese church: Zealand has 60,000 Maoris. It has a 1. The spirit of self-complacency has distinctive contribution to make to the been reduced. 2. There has been a industrial life of the world, and pos- fresh stimulus to make new adjustsesses a standard of living and work- ments and formulate new policies, as ing conditions that are highly indicated, in the rapid growth of Ilmcommendable. A Child Welfare Asso- phasis im an indigenous church. 3. ciation and a Youth Movement in the Christians have been forced to think churches have a growing influence. for themselves and to reexamine their The Y. J'd. C. A. has inaugurated a own faith. 4. The time of testing has scheme for taking care of delinquent sifted out from the church those boys under a "Big Brother" organiza- whose membership in it did not rest tion, whereby young men of Christian upon any deep spiritual basis.-Chrischaracter "adopt" one or more boys, tian CentuTY. meeting them at least once a week. Chekiang Farmers Colonize CHINA FARMERS in the province of Che- Mr. Ding Still Active kiang, between the ages of 15 to 40, who wish to emigrate to Man- MANY will remember the Rev. Ding churia for colonization and cultivation Li Mei, evangelist of Shantung purposes will each be given a trac:t,-of Province, who has won so many for arable land about 7 mow in area at Christ. He is now devoting his time an annual -rental of four to eight doland strength largely to the task of lars, according to the location and training Christian leaders in the

fertility of the land. Cultivators and with about 4,000 students. These inmodern farming implements will be stitutions are organized under the supplied at a nominal rental. Those Council of Higher Education, which not in a position immediately to start is a part of the China Christian Eduhomesteads will be recommended by cational Association. This Council the Colonization Bureau for employ- for the last four and a half years has ment as farm hands by established been engaged in reorganizing Chrisfarmers for one year. After this they tian higher education so as to make it will be provided with facilities for more Chinese, more Christian and starting their own farms. more efficient. In January a definite program was adopted by the Council Latest statistics from the Immigra- to improve equipment and strengthen tion Bureau disclose the fact that as faculties. Only two of the colleges a result of the recent Sino-Soviet dis- will exceed 400 students. It was pute, the number of immigrants to agreed that there should be one faculty Manchuria from various provinces in member to every twelve students; North China has been reduced by al- sixty per cent of the faculties to be in most one million, as compared with the upper rank, i. e., professor_or assorecords for the corresponding period ciate professor, and sixty per cent of in previous years. A large number the total budget to be for instructional of refugees returned to their native salaries. This program does not behomes in the interior, those remaining come official until approved by the in the border districts constituting Boards of the institutions involved. scarcely half of the usual number of However, the findings of the Council settlers.-Chinese Affairs. have been based on exhaustive sta- tistical studies and it is expected that Christian Factory the recommendations will be adopted.

AVISITOR to Harbin, Manchuria, Experiment in Man Education saw a cloth factory in a low, long building where the workers operated AN EXPERIMENT conducted by the looms with their feet. In a win- the American Board Station at dowless loft the roof was so low that Paotingfu reports 20,000 illiterates the boy workers had to sit on the floor. enrolled in evening classes in five But near this factory is one famous years, over 5,000 of these graduating. as "The Christian Factory," Tung Chi. Church membership has been in- creased 50%. Acknowledged leader- It is a new and excellent building, ship of the Christian Church in the three stories high. Three-fourths of social reconstruction of the area has the outside wall space is in windows. thus been developed. Fresh air is plentiful, and the light is adequate. The workers make the finest The first step in the experiment was coats and dresses. Thousands of pairs to select a group of villages, interview of ladies' patent leather shoes are also a few key men and "sell" the idea of made and sold at twenty-five shillings teaching illiterates. Then followed a pair. On the top of the factory is organization of classes, selection of a well-equipped playroom and large teachers and the securing of a room. auditorium with raised seats and an Often a well-to-do villager will offer excellent theatre platform. The fac- a room or two in his home. Recruiting tory also owns fine athletic grounds the students and inducing faithful atin Harbin, has a complete Y. M. C. A. tendance was left in the hands of local organization, and a small hospital and school directors. a doctor trained in the West. The average cost to the church per Program for Higher Education student was about 25 cents, and the fir.st year's total cost was nearly $1,400. THE Protestant Christian Movement After the first year the value of the maintains some twenty institutions work was so proven that this item was of college or university grade in China,

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

put into the regular annual budget. His serum, he announced. has been Inspiration and execution in the ex- used with "gratifying" results in the periment is largely due to Dr. James Bari Clinic. Some of his patients Yen and his colleagues in the National showed marked improvement, others Association of Mass Education. Their were definitely cured. "thousand character" system was used, which Dr. Yen calls "the maximum of Recently the Leonard Wood Hospital practical vocabulary, within a mini- was opened at Cebu, Philippine Ismum of time at a minimum cost." lands. Built of concrete and bamboo, it is a 26-building hospital, big enough GENERAL for 700 patients.-Time.

To Cultivate World Friendship The Mission Personnel A LIST of "Material Suggested for WHILE the number of new mis- Religious Programs Emphasiz- sionaries sailing in 1929 was a ing Peace and World Friendship" has 24% increase over that for 1928, and been prepared by a committee of the 48% over the number for 1927 – a Women's International League for trend in the right direction – this Peace and Freedom, Pennsylvania gain does not offset the yearly loss Branch, in response to widespread re- due to retirement, ill health or death. quests for help in making up exercises It is estimated that the mission boards for Sunday-schools. churches. clubs, of North America need to send out schools, etc., which would carry the approximately 1,000 new missionaries spirit of international goodwill. The annually to maintain the present staffs. list includes groups of Bible selections, hymns, prayers, worship services, Thirty per cent of the number sailplays and pageants, posters, books for ing in 1929 are men, 18% are married reference and general material easily women and 52% are single women. available at the source and price stated Sixteen per cent completed seminary for each item. Single copies of the training, 10% were physicians and leaflet may be obtained free of charge, surgeons, and 9% nurses. Nineteen or in quantity at two cents each, from per cent are going out from Bible or the Women's International League for Missionary Training Schools, some of Peace and Freedom, Pennsylvania these are also college or university Headquarters, 1924 Chestnut Street, graduates, and 46% have had college Philadelphia. or university training plus some ex- perience. Only 7% went to the field Leprosy Serulll Found1 under a short-term appointment. It is interesting to note that the average T EPROSY still grips between two age of these new missionaries is a .l..J and three million sufferers, most little over twenty-eight years – ac- tually four-tenths of a year older than of these are herded into colonies which the average of those sailing in 1928J dot the globe. There they are treated. revealing that the Boards, for the most often cured. Last month Bacteriologist part, are accepting those with more Hermann Dostal, of Vienna, an- training and experience. – Student nounced that he had isolated the lep- Volunteer Movement Bulletin. rosy bacillus and developed a serum. One problem which has always con- Baptists Have Semi-Jubilee fronted scientists attempting to isolate the bacillus has been a means of keep- THE Baptist World Alliance this ing it alive once it was removed from year completes its first quarter centhe human body. Dr. Dostal's success tury. Conventions, unions and mislay in developing a culture medium. sions in more than 65 countries are Another difficulty: animals not being now in affiliation with the Alliance. susceptible to leprosy, it is necessary It has strengthened the sense of Bapto experiment with humans. tist fellowship throughout the world. It was able even before the War to do

something for religious liberty in to the principles of humanity, and that Russia, and to assist in other Con- materialism as a fundamental means tinental lands. Since the War it has of power never has been a durable accomplished much more. The London base for great democracies. – Latin Conference of 1920, which initiated American Evangelist. relief work and missionary cooperation in Europe, marked a new era. Turning Over Control Rumania is a notable instance of its success in advocating the cause of TWO fields of the United Christian freedom of conscience. In South Missionary Society have adopted America the first Latin-American plans for self-support. Following Baptist Congress was held at Rio de Jamaica, which last year worked out Janeiro in June, 1930, when Dr. Rush- a plan for self-support within six brooke, General Secretary, was pres- years, Porto Rican churches will atent. In Europe, the President, Dr. tempt to reach this goal in ten years. John MacNeill, will, with the General It is understood that the current ex- Secretary, undertake during August, pense budget will be reduced each September and October an extended year ten per cent of the present year's tour, in order to participate in a num- budget, and that appropriations, inber of regional conferences. stead of being made to the pastor, will now be made to the churches. Churches LATIN AME:aICA will be able to make their own pro- grams, decide what their pastor's sal- Neglected Paraguay ary shall be, and after they have made provisions for the ten per cent reduc- T HE Inland South America Mission- tion, they will work out as large a ary Union has had work in Para- program as they can undertake. The guay for 25 years. It has six organ- territory includes about 300 square ized churches and a Bible School at miles on the north central side of the Villarica. Dr. J. Nairn Hay, born in Island, the population of which is Paraguay of missionary parents, has about 130,000, an average of 438 peobeen assigned to medical work in this ple to the square mile. There are 28 field. Because of Paraguayan birth, churches, with a combined memberhis name can be entered in the Na- ship of 1,379, and 16 well-trained national Medical Register without ex- tive pastors.-World Call. amination. Institnto Christao Paraguay has only 16 missionaries, of whom 7 are in Asuncion, the largest T HE South Brazil Mission of the city. About 600,000 of the people are Presbyterian Church organized the of Indian descent. Instituto Chris tao in 1915, and it has developed to such an extent that a re- Mexico Desires Peace construction program is under way to meet the needs of the present student T HE Rector of the University of body, which has grown from forty-two Mexico recently sent a message to to more than eighty-five boarding stuthe University of Guatemala, advo- dents. The school is organized on the cating the establishment of interna- self-help plan, but there is an increastional or Pan-American universities, ing number of students who pay more with instructors and students drawn and work less. The Institute's most from all countries. These universities important work has been the developshould study pacific means of solving ment of students for Christian leaderinternational problems; inquire into ship. Students are given opportunithe methods now used by the mighty ties to direct worship and teach Sunto exploit the humble; study a plan day-schools in near-by communities. of economic exchanges based on co- They take the initiative in Christian operation, and not on exploitation of Endeavor meetings, expressing themforeign markets; preach that exploitation of man by man is contrary

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

selves in their own way.-Women and Campaign has taken root, and we trust Missions. that God will use this wonderful op- portunity to spread His Kingdom in "Indian America." this nation. It is encouraging to see almost all the churches united in this A SECTION of Central and South Campaign and our ambition to mobil- America has been called "the ize all the Christian forces now seems greatest stretch of unevangelized ter- practicable. We increasingly realize ritory in the world." It might fit- that God has his own plan to Christingly be called "Indian America." In tianize this country. I have visited 1924 the Commission on Indian Work the annual conferences of various dein Latin America was organized to nominations this spring, and was study and promote missionary work warmly received everywhere. In the being done by the denominational coming three years the Movement will boards among these neglected people. surely bring the churches to more The Commission is now making an ex- close cooperation and mutual undertensive survey of the evangelistic work standing." carried on by thirty-four mission boards and philanthropic agencies. Growth of Press Evangelism Dr. W. E. Browning says: "Although the work being done for Indians is NEWSPAPER evangelism was betragically inadequate, in one country gun in Oita by Dr. Albertus there are now fourteen stations where Pieters about fifteen years ago. Since three years ago there was but one." then over 100,000 people have applied for further information about Chris- The recent intellectual and spiritual tianity as a result of articles in daily awakening in Latin America has a papers. Limited finances alone have bearing upon the Indian. Says Dr. prevented this total from being much John Mackay: "South America is higher. The average number of approbably the only great region of the plications from a single newspaper world in which there is no deep-rooted article is about one hundred, though racial prejudice. It is today the it has been four times that number, world's largest crucible of race fusion, and the rate shows but little sign of from which no race is excluded. Since falling off. In recognition of this, the war, South America is developing several papers have established a rea new sense of humanity and of human ligious column as a regular feature. values, and feels that a destiny awaits Editors consider it good "copy." her. She is thus in a position to show Whereas in the past, the newspaper a new conception of brotherhood." evangelist has had to pay advertising rates, he is going to be able to fix JAPAN-KOREA terms for articles which the press de- mands. Kingdom of God MoveDlent Goes For- At present newspaper work is car- ward ried on in different centers, by de- nominational offices, united in an REV. AKIRA EBISAWA, General organization called the Japan Chris- Secretary of the National Chris- tian Press Agency, with headquarters tian Council of Japan, writes regard- in Tokyo. A step further has been ing further progress of the Kingdom an experiment tried in connection with of God Movement: mentholatum. The agency for its dis- tribution is in the hands of a Chris- "God is doing wonderful work tian firm, and an arrangement has among us these days. Sixty district been made with them by which every committees are already organized, and packet sold contains a short notice we have held meetings in forty places about Christianity, inviting the purduring three months. We shall further chaser to apply to the offices of the press forward to help organized local committees and are expecting the organization will practically cover all the country before summer. We feel the

Agency for further information. Al- evangelistic work, and one more as- ready some thousands of such applica- surance is given that missionaries are tions have been received. needed and most earnestly wanted in Japan for genuine labors of love and Seventy Years' Growth cooperation.-Christian Century.

SEVENTEEN hundred churches, Hostility Gives Way 300 of them self-supporting, a combined membership of 172,000 is A MI S S ION A R Y in Syenchun the accomplishment of Protestant mis- writes: "Some of the difficulties sions in 70 years. But there are more which used to take the joy out of life non-Christians in Japan today than in Chosen have all but disappeared. when the first missionaries came. Chief among these is the former Then the population was 30,000,000, hostile attitude of the educational autoday it exceeds 60,000,000. Among thorities. The regulations are still the practically untouched groups are exceedingly difficult to comply with at to be classified 36,000,000 farmers, times and the red tape annoying, but 2,500,000 fisher folk, 400,000 seamen, the personal hostility of the officials 500,000 miners, of whom 83,000 are has been replaced by a most encouragwomen, 500,000 maid-servants and ing and friendly attitude. They seem waitresses and added millions in other really to want to help us and to see groups. our school succeed. I was astonished about two weeks ago to receive notice Japan is the most adult of all the of a subsidy from the Government, a eastern nations in the record of de- very small sum to be sure, but sigvelopment. More than 99% of her nificant in what it implies of recogyouth attend school. She wishes to nition. I was invited to accompany a stand high in the respect of other na- Japanese school inspector and one of tions. Although the number of pub- the Japanese teachers of the local govlicly professed Christians is compara- erment common school on a tour of tively small, Christianity is now inspection of the schools of the provdefinitely recognized as one of the incial capital at Wi-ju. At all of the religions of Japan, and holds an equal schools which we visited I was treated place with Shintoism and Buddhism. most courteously. Visitors, other than officials whose duty it is to inspect us, Prevent Mission "Cut" come to us frequently from the Jap- anese schools. Our new building gives T HE missionaries of the Methodist us more confidence in meeting them." Episcopal Church in annual session in Tokyo recently faced the unpleasant AFRICA task of adjusting their budget so as to suffer least from an approximate 19 New Church in French Guinea per cent cut in funds from America. Economize as they might in a budget T AST January the cornerstone – in which had already been greatly re- L this case, a brick – was laid at duced during the past few years, they saw no possibility of making ends" meet Kissidougou for the first native church without dropping work undertaken of French Guinea. Evangelistic work years ago, when suddenly the repre- in the area is only four years old. sentatives of the Japan Methodist This church is being built entirely by Church, who had been admitted with the native Christians and promises to some misgivings to mission adminis- be not only an inspiration to the imtrative councils, volunteered to return mediate vicinity but to other sections part of the annual mission grant to of French Guinea as well. The need their church for purposes of their own among such a people is always for a development and expansion. The mis- native leader, and such a leader was sion budget was balanced, no mission- developed during the past year, aries need drop native pastors or other Kelawa, whose life had been a wild

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

one, brutal to those who were in his lems. "Each mission, to a great depower, and wicked in his influence gree," continues Dr. Butterfield in a everywhere. Victory came when he report issued by the Corporation, accepted Christ. Others have asked "does 'that which is right in its own for baptism. The women have organ- eyes,' and this is all but true of indiized their own prayer-meeting and vidual missionaries. Personal freedom have chosen their leader. and initiative must be maintained, but the enterprise is losing headway be- Allleriean Boa.rd Jubilee cause of the lack of coordinated ap- proach to the problem. I N BAILUNDO, May 16 to 25, a great celebration marked a half "It is particularly noticeable that century of work by the American there is an insufficient amount of com- Board in West Central Africa. From mon ground of activity between the America, a group of twenty repre- missionary forces and indigenous sented the interests of friends, with European churches. They should pull Dr. F. K. Sanders as special envoy of together for the one task of Christian the Board. Five goals, adopted five leadership in the highest measure of years ago in anticipation of this development of the country as a whole. Jubilee, have been practically fulfilled. Nor is there a sufficiently close under- standing between missionaries and the 1. A deepening of the spiritual life Government in regard to desirable acof the church, tivities on behalf of the natives. These elements of the situation are clearly 2. An ordained ministry-one pas- recognized by many missionaries who tor for each station to receive ordina- fondly hope that in the early future tion, thus laying the responsibility these larger issues of the missionary upon the native church itself. enterprise may be not only recognized, but acted upon." 3. The whole Bible translated. 4. The consecration of many young Links With Livingstone lives, both African and American. Several young African couples have MATTHEW WELLINGTON, one of gone out to different tribes to make a the faithful band who embalmed beginning, and it is hoped that from Livingstone's body and carried it to America there will be this year two the coast to lie at rest among the great or three new missionaries. missionary's own people, was found to 5. Consecrated gifts. The· gifts of be living in poverty in Mombasa, an the African Church have greatly in- old man of 85 years. Although apcreased. On the American side this peals from many quarters were made was to take the form of $100,000 as a to the government of Kenya Colony, Jubilee Fund of which about $75,000 they failed to secure a pension for the has been received in gifts and pledges. aged servant, who was formerly fore- man in the public works department Dr. Butterfield on South Africa of that colony. A general appeal was therefore issued in behalf of this loyal T HE time has arrived when the man, and his old age has been amply missionary forces in South Africa provided for. should be mobilized and united on all the larger issues. Only so can the Lazarus Raikane, a native of Africa, greatest usefulness of missionary work 104 years old, has been discovered livbe realized," says Dr. Kenyon L. ing in the Transvaal. When he was Butterfield, member of the Interna- fifteen years old, Livingstone engaged tional Missionary Council and Vice- him as a herd boy and later made him President of the American Board of his personal servant. As such he was Commissioners for Foreign Missions, with Livingstone when he discovered who was appointed early in 1929, by Victoria Falls, and he tells how the the Carnegie Corporation of New latter fell on his knees and prayed. York, as a visitor to South Africa to study sociological and rural life prob-

WORTH

Any book8 mentioned .in theBe 90lumns will be forwarded by us on recetpt of prwe.-THE REVIEW.

The Saviours of Mankind. By William R. wide range of historical, biographical VanBuskirk. 527 pp. $3.00. Macmillan. New York. and religious subjects.

The title of this interesting book Pi~neers of Goodwill. By Harold B. Hunt- mg. 142 pp. Illustrated. $1 cloth. will attract some people and arouse the 75c paper. Friendship Press. . New York. 1929. misgiving of others who believe that there is only One to whom the term This attractive little book tells the Saviour should be applied. In justice stories of twelve men and women who to the author, however, who acceptably have lived remarkable lives of service ministers to a conservative Presby- for others in the United States. John terian Church in Marshall Missouri Eliot, Henry Muhlenberg, Junipera it should be said that his object is not Serra, Bishop Whipple, General Arm- to discuss the founders of Christianity strong, Lucy Laney, Sheldon Jackson, and the ethnic faiths as if they be- Hudson Stuck, Frank Higgins, Cora long~d in the same category, but to Stewart, Roswell Bates, Arthur Nash.

consIder the part that each of the his- The early history of New England and toric religions has played in the life of California, the pioneer days in the mankind, the contribution that it has Wes~, the southern mountains, the made to the development of humanity, openmg of Alaska, and the great cities and the degree to which it was in- with their slums and industrial prob- fluenced by the conditions amid which lems give the varied backgrounds. The it arose. TGhaeutacmhaap, tZeorsroaosnteLr,aoA-aTkzhe~ stories begin with interesting inci- Confucius, dents which win the attIenntitohin~ and the naton, Moses, Isaiah, Socrates, Saul of interest never flags. age of Tarsus, and Mohammed are admirably emphasis on material success, this done, showing careful study, a sym- book presents another ideal in fasci- pathetic recognition of these remark- nating stories of heroism, adventure able men, their mental and spiritual and self sacrifice with remarkable reaction to the evils of their time, the achievements that will make such lives measure of good in their teachings, seem worth while to young people. To and the failure of their systems to champion the Indians, to start a school effect any real salvation of society. for Negroes just out of slavery, to in- The chapter on Jesus contains some troduce reindeer into Alaska, to be a sentences, which, if taken by them- sky pilot to lumberjacks, to found selves, we deem unfortunate, but it is moonlight schools, to apply the Golden only fair to interpret them in the light Rule to business-are not such things of such statements as these: "To bring enough to kindle the desire to serve this life and immortality to light Jesus others in young hearts!

taught and suffered death on Calvary. MRS. S. G. WILSON.

Without him this door of hope would not have been opened to a fearful and Tiger! Tiger! The Life Story of John hungering world. . . . .. This is that 2B9.6 Gpopu.gh.$2.5B0y. HWomno.reMoWrr.owMo&rroCwo.. New York. way and truth and life which over- This is one of the most absorbing comes and savesthe world." The book reveals extensive reading, ripe scholar- life stories that we have ever read. ship, deep and yet clear thinking on a 554

BOOKS WORTH READING

It is trite to say of an interesting French and Indian War. It was this book that, once begun, the reader can- Irishman who held the powerful Ironot lay it down until it is finished, but quois tribes in hand for the English it is literally true of this book. Mrs. when their alliance with the French Morrow has a genius for making her would have meant ruin for the colocharacters lifelike. The figure of the nies. In his extensive commercial, great temperance reformer stands viv- political and military operations, he idly before us in the pages of this vol- was singularly upright in an era when ume; his childhood, his home in graft and corruption were notoriously England, his voyage to America, his common. The Indians trusted him as varied experiences in trying to make they did no other man. There is somea living, his temptations and falls, his thing fascinating about the life of terrific struggles against an imperious this extraordinary man, who, in a appetite for drink, his final victory, stormy frontier period of struggles and the magnificent eloquence of his and tragedies, ruled like a great feuspeeches on thousands of platforms to dal lord over a vast and turbulent revast alldiences of spellbound hearers- gion, the most potent figure in the prethese and other facts and incidents of revolutionary history of our country. his life are protrayed with masterly Mr. Pound has told the story well. skill. Mrs. Morrow has rendered a His style is occasionally rather flipgreat service in her biographical story pant, a little beneath the dignity that of this rarely gifted man. Her narra- one expecets in the biography of a tive throbs with a human interest that great man; but he clothes his subject stirs one's soul. with human interest and his narrative is easy reading. lohnson of the Mohawks, by Arthur Ways of Sharing with Other Faiths. By Pound in Collaberation with Richard Daniel J. Fleming. 268 pp. $2.50. As- sociation Press. New York. 1929. E. Day, Litt.D.; 555 pp. $5.00. Mac- millan. New York. This book presents along modern educational lines a comprehensive This is a biographical and historical evaluation of the methods of missionwork of large value. It rescues from ary activity in its contacts with other near oblivion one of the most remarka- religions. It is a companion volume to ble men in early American history. the author's recently published book, A few biographies and magazine ar- "Attitudes Toward Other Faiths." ticles have been published. But few, Professor Fleming presents his subif any, have dealt adequately with his ject under three main divisions: ways achievements or set him in his proper differing in aggressiveness, in inducehistorical perspective. Without injus- ments, and in educational emphasis, tice to other writers, it is not too with a final summary from the viewmuch to say that Mr. Pound has now point of ethics. "Such a study," done this for the first time. rightly observes the author, "ought to clarify our positions, give us deeper He had exceptional facilities in the sympathy with other peoples' objeccooperation of Dr. Richard E. Day, tives, and possibly show us unexpected Editor in the State Historian's Office, ways of God's working." New York, who "for nearly twentyfive years worked steadily on the John- From a wide experience Professor son papers and is the acknowledged Fleming approaches the problems and authority on the life of William John- opportunities created by. the increasson." The volume shows that these ing contacts of Christian workers with sources were thoroughly used and the those of other faiths, and from a comstatements of fact are documented in prehensive study of actual situations a way that begets confidence in their builds up a technique for sharing our reliability. Christian faith in which the emphasis To Johnson more than to any other man belongs the credit for saving the northern colonies from France in the

is upon goodwill and respect for per- which he bases his belief in the virgin sOll3lity in the spirit of Him who said, "He that is not against us is for us." birth. Could anything be finer than While the boo k will challenge the following splendid passage on page thought and provoke discussion as to the validity of certain missionary 381: methods, and also as to the measure of zeal which a conviction as to the su- The story of the virgin birth is the premacy and sufficiency of Christian story of a stupendous. miracle, and revelation necessarily creates, the ob- against any such thing there is an enorject is constructive. Professor Flem- mous presumption drawn from the long ing makes his own position clear: "If experience of the race. As it is, howany Christian cannot see other faiths ever, that presumption can be overcome at their best and still believe that he when the tradition of the virgin birth is has something priceless to give, he is removed from its isolation and taken in not adequately equipped in experience connection with the whole glorious picto be a Christian missionary." The ture of the One who in this tradition is book should interest all Christian said to be virgin-born. It is a fact of workers and should be carefully history, which no serious historian can studied by those contemplating work deny, that in the first century of our era on the foreign field. there walked upon this earth One who was like none other among the children The Virgin Birth of Christ. By J. Gres- of men. Reduce the sources of informa- ham Machen. 415 pp. $5. Harpers. tion all you will, and still that mysteri- New York. 1930. ous figure remains, that figure who is Professor Machen is by temperament attested in the Epistles of Paul, that figure who walks before us in lifelike, a controversialist. Some good people self-evidencing fashion in the Gospels, regard him as the most valiant de- that figure upon whom the Christian fender of orthodoxy in this generation. Church was built. Many have been the Others deem him too belligerent in efforts to explain Him in terms of what advocating his views and too severe is common to mankind, to explain Him in denouncing fellow Christians who, as a product of forces elsewhere operaequally loyal to Christ, consider his tive in the world. Those explanations methods unwise. But however opin- may satisfy the man who treats the eviions may differ as to his general dence, in pedantic fashion, bit by bit; course, we are inclined to think that but they will never satisfy the man who his critics, as well as his supporters, can view the whole. View Jesus in the should welcome this volume and give light of God arid against the dark backit high rating. No equally able advo- ground of sin, view him as the satisfaccacy of the historic belief of the tion of man's deepest need, as the One church in the virgin birth of our Lord who alone can lead into aU glory and all has appeared since the late Professor truth, and you will come, despite all, to James Orr's classic work which was the stupendous conviction that the New published twenty-three years ago. It Testament is true, that God walked here shows thorough familiarity with the upon the earth, that the eternal Son, behistory and literature of the subject. cause He loved us, came into this world Its argument is closely reasoned and to die for our sins upon the cross. When lucidly expressed. The various the- you have arrived at that conviction, you ories and objections are stated and will turn with very different eyes to the helpfully analyzed. Not every evan- story of the virgin and her child. Wongelical believer will concur in some of ders will no longer repel you. Rather his statements, or regard some of his will you say: "So and so only did it bearguments as sound. But all must hoove this One, as distinguished from all recognize the ability and learning of others, to be born." the discussion, its wide range of thought, and the solid foundation on The Mormon Way. By Claton S. Rice. 87 pp. Paper. 55c. Pilgrim Press. Chi- cago.

This is a remarkably clear and able statement by the Superintendent of the Montana Congregational Confer- ence. Dr. Rice has thoroughly in- formed himself regarding the Mor- mon problem, has been in direct contact with it for many years, and is a dependable authority on the sub- ject.

BOOKS WORTH READING

How Came Our Constitution f By Mary owned homes, of motor cars, radios, Clark Barnes. 98 pp. $1. Revell. washing machines, and the entire list New York. of home conveniences and comforts. He concludes that prohibition is an Americans are being exhorted to unqualified economic success, the honor and obey the Constitution but source of that new kind of prosperity one wonders how many have really and richer order of living that have read it or know its history. Out of distinguished America during the curiosity, we recently inquired for a past decade. copy at a public library and several book stores. None of them had it! BRIEF MENTION This little book surely meets a "felt need," for it gives the full text of the Space limits permit only brief men- Constitution and just the information tion of several small books whose inabout it that everyone ought to know. terest is out of proportion to their size. The Jesus Road and the Red Man. By G. E. E. Linquist. 155 pp. $1.50. Revell. HIS GOSPEL OF LIFE, LOVE AND LIGHT New York. 1929. is a deeply spiritual account of the Gospel and First Epistle of John by Mr. Linquist, a missionary of the the Rev. Dr. Norman B. Harrison, Society for Propagating the Gospel published by the Bible Institute Col- Among the Indians in North America portage Association of Chicago, 75c. and author -of "The Red Man in the WHOSOEVER SHALL RECEIVE . . . is an United States," has gathered into this illustrated English book by Mary Warvolume a series of Bible studies used burton Booth, from the press of Marin discussion groups while he was Di- shall, Morgan and Scott, Ltd. The rector of Religious Education in Has- author is a missionary of the Zenana kell (Indian) Institute. He uses a Bible and Medical Mission, and she vocabulary readily understood by writes in a charmingly attractive way youth of whatever color. He speaks about the children of India. of the Bible as "The Wayfarer's Guide-Book" and of Christ as the REUBEN ARCHER TORREY, by Robert "Great Pathfinder." Practical iIIus- Harkness, who was long associated trations are drawn from the experi- with Dr. Torrey as musical associate, ences of missionaries among the gives a fine account of the man who Indians. He shows how cruel fighters mightily stirred vast audiences in became transformed by the love of Europe and America by his remarka- Christ. At the end of each chapter bly able evangelistic appeals. The book he gives readers "Something to Think will be of special interest to Christian About" by employing questions to de- workers everywhere. It is published velop original thinking. Teen-age and at $1. by the Bible Institute Colporyoung peoples' groups will welcome tage Association, Chicago. his direct and forceful method of presenting Bible truths. COE HAYNE. PILGRIM'S PROGRESS IN PAGEANT, by Bernard C. Clausen and Florence L. Prohibition and Prosperity. By Samuel Purington (American Tract Society, Crowther. 81 pp. $1. The John Day New York, 60c), presents a series of Company. New York. seven effective pageants taken from Bunyan's immortal allegory. It is ad- Most discussions of prohibition deal mirably adapted to the use of churches with it as a moral issue. This small and young peoples societies. but effective book deals with it as an economic issue. The author undertook ON THE THRESHOLD OF THE CENthe study at the instance of the TURY is a historical ~ketch of the Ladies' Home Journal, whose editor Karen Mission by Harry T. and Emma highly commends his findings. He W. Marshall, which was prepared in casts up a balance sheet of prohibition connection with the recent centennial in terms of savings accounts and celebration of the splendid missionary work in Burma. This paper covered

booklet includes such good material authoritative book. The author had that it ought to be expanded into a made a careful study of the Sudan volume. and the fact that his account has the endorsement of the Church Missionary EAST AFRICA is an illustrated Society of the Church of England is pamphlet of 67 pages in the Africa guarantee of its character and value. and the East Series issued by the Church Missionary Society, London. INDIA ON THE MARCH, by Alden H. Like the other booklets of this series, Clark, ($1. M. E. M., New York) is it is exceedingly interesting. a new edition of a book originally pub- lished in 1922 by a secretary of the LEPROSY IN THE FAR EAST is a A. B. C. F. M., who was formerly a pamphlet monograph of 67 pages by missionary in India. When a book Dr. Robert G. Cochrane of the World published eight years ago has proved Dominion Press, London. It presents so acceptable that a new edition is a wide range of valuable facts from called for, the prospective purchaser one who was formerly a medical mis- may wisely conclude that it is one of sionary in China, who has made a permanent value that he ought to special study of leprosy, and is one of have. the first living authorities on the subject. FREEDOM, by Welthy Honsinger Fisher, (85c. Friendship Press, New THE CHRISTMAS TREE AND OTHER York), is a charmingly told illustrated NATURE POE¥S is an attractive pamph- story of "Young India" by an author let in which Elizabeth M. Bruen of whose former books have been widely Belvedere, New Jersey, has gathered read. It is just the kind of a book some of her poems which have been to put into the hands of young people published in various newspapers and and it will interest them both in India have elicited the appreciation of many and in missionary work. readers. BAHINABAI. This is a translation of MISSIONS OUR MISSION. By M. E. the autobiography of a Hindu woman Dodd, D.D. is a textbook for mission of 300 years ago, by the Rev. Justin study classes prepared by the pastor E. Abbott who has made a specialty of of the First Baptist Church and the the Maharashtra saints snd who turns President of Dodd College of Shreve- their writings into excellent English. port, La., and published by the Sun- The verses contain thoughts on reliday-school Board of the Southern Con- gion, philosophy, and the practical vention at Nashville (60c). It presents duties of life. The volume is published in a graphic way the missionary work in India, but obtainable from the of that great denomination and the translator, at Summit, New Jersey. reasons for giving it more adequate $1.25. support. SHEEP OF THE OUTER FOLD is a series BOOKS FOR CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE of stories of neighborhood house work in a great city by Florence H. Towne, A delightfully interesting series of Superintendent of Erie Chapel Insti- missionary books for children is being tute, Chicago, and published by the issued by the Friendship Press, New Fleming H. Revell Co., New York York. Five of them are before us, ($1). This little book throbs with Little Kin Chan, by Berthre Harris human interest. Converse; The Story of Musa, by Mary Entwistler; Rafrel and Consuelo, A TOUR IN THE NEAR EAST is the by Florence Crannell Means and Hartitle of a well written and illustrated riet L. Fuller; Filipino Playmates, by little book of travel in Bible lands by Jean Moore Cavell; and Jewels the James Hunter. Marshall, Morgan & Giant Dropped, by Edith Eberle and Scott, London ($1.40). Grace McGavran. The first is $1.25, the others are $1 each. To these we THE CHANGING SUDAN, by W. Wilson Cash, (40c, paper C. M. S., London) is a small but an interesting and

BOOKS WORTH READING

may add Trophies from the Mission- Between the Desert and the Sea. By I. ary Museum, by Clementina Butler, Lilias Trotter. Illustrated in colors. published at $1 by the Fleming H. Re- 63 pp. 68. London. 1929. vell Company, New York. These attractive little books present stories and Miss Trotter was an artist with incidents graphically told. We cannot brush and pen and used her art to imagine more charming books for par- picture scenes related to the field and ents to read to their children. One may work to which she devoted her life be confident of the keen interest of the as a Christian missionary in Algiers. children and the information regard- These ten brief sketches, with sixteen ing missionary work and Christians in pages of beautiful illustrations from other lands which they will receive. Miss Trotter's own paintings describe Algiers, the ancient pirate city and Two other attractive books for Jun- its modern inhabitants as seen by one iors are "The Golden Sparrow," by who has the Spirit of Christ. Then Irene Mason Harper (Friendship there pass in view scenes from vil- Press, $1), an interesting course on lages and mountains with glimpses of India for Junior boys and girls, writ- the people, their ideas, their homes, ten out of the experiences of a mis- their customs and religion. Much insionary in India where she assists her formation in charming style is given husband, the Rev. Arthur Edwin about Algiers, its people and history. Harper, in the famous school at Moga; and "Adventuring in Peace and Good- Pickering and Inglis, London, pubwill," by Annie Sills Brooks (Pilgrim lish the following seven books: Press, $1), a ten-day Junior vacation school course admirably adapted to Her Husband's Home. By E. Everett develop among children the spirit of Green, $1. appreciation for peoples in other countries. Neta Lyall. By Berry. 80 cents.

Everyland Children. By Lucy W. Pea- For Coronet or Crown. By Tettman. 60 body. The Central Committee on The cents. United Study of Foreign Missions. Cambridge, Mass. 1929. Herself and Her Boy. By Amy Le Feuvre. It would be difficult to imagine a $1.

more charming collection of "Just Like EJdwyth's Choice. By L. A. Barter Snow. You Stories" for little girls and boys $1. than this series of six illustrated booklets. They have been prepared by the Here are stories for young people well-known Mrs. Henry W. Peabody, who are facing life's tragedies· and for twenty-five years Chairman of the emerging victorious with Christ's help. Central Committee, and President of One feels throughout the pulse of the Federation of Women's Boards of human, normal living, with daily prob- Foreign Missions. Each story is short, lems that are always new and yet told in a simple graphic way, abound- poignant. There is romance, too, in ing in picturesque incidents, breath- clean, invigorating surroundings. ing a spirit of sympathetic understanding of child life, and adorned Tales of Modern Missionaries. By Jeanne with pictures delightful to the eye and M. Serrell. 155 pp. $1.50. Revell, suggestive to the mind. We are sure New York. 1929. that parents and teachers who read these stories to their children and The author "affectionately" dediteach them the short prayers which cates her book "to all boys and girls accompany them will not only entrance of teen age who desire to make their the little ones but find their own sym- lives count." Its five biographical pathies deeply moved. chapters describe Lewis Esselstyn, of Persia; Barbrooke Grubb, of South America; Albert L. Shelton, of Tibet; Ida Scudder, of India, and John Henry House of Salonica. The Rev. Philip Smead Bird, Pastor of the Church of the Covenant, Cleveland, writes the

Foreword in which he says that "these Syrian culture and civilization. The fascinating stories by Miss Serrell are book is beautifully illustrated, and is not homilies; they are stirring re- characterized by literary grace as well ports of astounding events. They are as charming description. not pious, long-faced ramblings; they are healthy, happy adventures …… ! The White House Gang. By Earle Looker. You can accomplish splendid things 12 mo. 244 pp. $3. Illustrated. Refor Him now and every day of your vell. New York. 1929. life, if you'll catch the spirit of high This is one of the jolliest books climbing in these five tales which sound so clearly the call to the sort of imaginable. It teams with accounts of livi1lg that really matters!" boyish pranks and rollicking fun in about the last place where one would The Magic Doll of Boumania. By Queen expect to find such hilarity-the White Marie. 319 pp. $3. F. A. Stokes Co., House in Washington. The numerous New York. people who stood in awe of President It would be difficult to mention a Roosevelt in his lifetime and who, since his death, have placed him on a more intriguing combination than pedestal of fame as one of the imsuch a title and such an author. The mortals, might regard this volume as book is dedicated to the boys and girls Iese-majeste, but inasmuch as his of America as "a token that I have widow is quoted as having written to not forgotten your welcome, your the author "of the pleasure which you friendship" during a visit to the have given me," we may chuckle un- United States. It is a charmingly in- abashed over these pages. Incidentally, teresting story, told in a vivid and the book throws a vivid sidelight upon picturesque manner, just the kind of the personality of a President who a book to delight young readers. Nor was a good deal of a boy himself as is the interest confined to the young well as a great President. A touch of for, as Queen Marie justly says, "ro- pathos is added by the thought that mance joins together all people who Quentin Roosevelt, who is the chief are young in heart, whatever their figure in the book, was killed in the ages,' wherever their homes." She World War. Several illustrations add pictures a little American girl who is to the attractiveness of the volume. "magiced" over the sea to Roumania, prances delightedly among the vil- A New Era in Missions. By Homer E. lages and over the countryside, has a Wark. 187 pp. $1.50. Revell. New wonderful adventure with the Queen York. 1929. herself in an old summer castle by the sea, and is then whisked back to Amer- This is a book that should be read ica. The book is beautifully illus- by every student of Foreign Missions trated and would make a delightful at home and every missionary on the gift for children. foreign field. It is a searching reex- amination of the validity of the mis- Under Syrian Stars. By Princess Rahme sionary idea in religion, its motives Haidar. 192 pp. $2. Revell, New and aims. Many readers will find in York. 1929. it welcome confirmation of their views. This is an altogether delightful Others, who have not kept pace with the changes in missionary thinking, book. The author, a graduate of a will be startled; and still others, who mission college in Beirut, is a Syrian concur in the author's general position, princess, able to trace her lineage will find some statements which they back to the Arab tribe of Beni-Ghassan challenge. All alike, however, will be which ruled in Damascus nearly two benefited by a perusal of this volume. thousand years ago. Her book is the Bishop Herbert Welsh, formerly Methproduct of personal knowledge, sym- odist Episcopal Bishop in Korea, pathetic understanding, and unusual writes the Foreword in which he facilities for interpreting the best in says that "Dr. Wark has lived and

The Missionary Review of the World — March 1930

A STREET IN THE MOSLEM QTTARTER OF

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156 Fifth Avenue, New York Please mention THE MISSIO~AnY REVIEW OJ! THE VORJ.D in writJng to advertisers. NEW BOOKS Outfitting the Teacher of Religion. James Leprosy in the Far East. Robert G. Coch- H. Snowden. $2. Macmillan. New rane. 67 pp. 28. W orId Dominion Press. London. 192t1. York. 1929.

Science and the Unseen World. Arthur Love Conquereth. Charlotte Murray.

Stanley Eddington. 91 pp. $1.25. 270 pp. 28. Pickering & Inglis. Lon- don. 1929. Macmillan. New York. 1929.

Things that Remain. Carl L. Grammer. Martyrland. Robert Simpson. 319 pp.

218 pp. $1.75. Macmillan. New 28. 6d. Pickering & Inglis. London.

York. 1929. 1929.

Tales of Modern Missionaries. Jeanne M. Must We Have War! Fred B. Smith. Serrell. 155 pp. $1.50. Revell. New 318 pp. $2.50. Harper. New York. York. 1929. 1929.

Unpaid Ministry. James S. Mather. 24 A New Era in Missions. Homer E. Wark. op. 25 cents. "Robert" Press. Co- 187 pp. $1.50. Revell. New York. lombo. 1929. 1929.

Under Syrian Stars. Princess Rahme The Bible from the Beginning. P. Mor- Haidar. 192 pp. $2. Revell. New rison Simms. 318 pp. $2.50. Mac- York. 1929. millan. New York.

"Whosoever Shall Receive …… " Mary Behold the Man. Friederich Rittelmeyer. Warburton Booth. 152 pp. 38. 6d. 167 pp. $1.75. Macmillan. New York. Marshall, Morgan & Scott. London. 1929. Altar Stairs. Joseph Fort Newton. $1.25. Macmillan. New York. Taking the' Offensive-Report of the China Inland Mission-1929. 36 pp. AlIiance of the Reformed Churches Hold- London. 1929. ing the Presbyterian System. Edited by W. H. Hamilton. 424 pp. The Al- Annual Reprt of the Board of Foreil<n liance. Edinburgh. Missions of the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A.-1929. 347 pp. New York. Cruden's Concordance. Alexander Cruden. 1929. 756 pp. $2. Revell. New York.

Annual Report of the American Friends The Christian Content of the Bible. George Board of Foreign Missions and the Board Holley Gilbert. 207 pp. $2. Mac- of Home Missions-1928-1929. 111 pp. millan. New York. Richmond, Ind. 1929. The Long Crooked River. Albert Board- Report of the Annual Missionary Conven- man Kerr. 235 pp. $2. Knicker- tion of the Cumberland Presbyterian bocker Press. New York. Church-1929. Princeton, Ky. 1929. Lutherisches Missionsjahrbuch. W. Gerber. American Bible Society Annual Report- M2.50. H. G. Wallbaum. Leipzig. 1929. 383 pp. New York. 1929. Palestine Today and Tomorrow. A Gen- Annual Report-Board of Foreign Mis- tile's Survey of Zionism. John Haynes sions, Methodist Episcopal Church, Holmes. 271 pp. $2.50. Macmillan. 1928. 526 pp. New York. 1929. New York.

The Effect of the World War upon the Prohibition and Prosperity. Samuel Commerce and Industry of lanan. Kaku- Crowther. 81 pp. $1. John Day Co. jiro Yamasaki and Gotaro Ogawa.' 345 New York. 00. $4. Yale University Press. New Haven. 1929. Stories of Neighborhood House Work in a Great City. Florence H. Towne. 96 The Christian God. Richard Roberts. 151 pp. $1. Revell. New York. po. $1.50. Macmillan. New York. 1929. The Saviors of Mankind. W. R. Van Bus- kirk. 531 pp. $3. Macmillan. New The Christian's Attitude to War. Levton York. Richards. 157 TlP. $1.50. Macmillan. New York. 1929. Souls Set Free. Various authors. 60 cents. B. I. C. Assn. Chicago. Evangelism-A Graphic burvey. Herman C. Weber. 208 pp. $2. Macmillan. Tiger! Tiger! The Life of John B. New York. 1929. Gough. Honore W. Morrow. 296 pp. $2.50. Wm. Morrow Co. New York. East Africa-Africa and the East Series. 64 pD. ls. Church Missionary Society. White and Black in Africa. A Critical London. 1929. Examination of the Rhodes Lectures of General Smuts. J. H. Oldham. 74 The Earth, the Theater of the Universe. pp. 75 cents. Longmans, Green and Clarence H. Benson. 140 pp. $1.50. Co. New York. B. 1. C. Assn. Chicago. 1929. THE MISSIONARY DR. SHOTWELL REPORTS ON THE REVIEW OF THE WORLD INSTITUTE OF P AOIFIO RELATIONS DEL.H.l'i L. PIfGItSOX, Editor "The circumstances under which the .:rt'I'UITH .J. BnowN. IiJdltQr jor 1930 Im;titute of Pacific Relations met in Kyoto (October 28-November 9) were CONTENTS-MARCH, 1930 about as unfavorable as possible," de- I"I~(L"TI:-;PIE(,E·-~IoSLl<'M QTT.RTER Page clared Professor James T. Shotwell, in ~-J.(;IERS OF an address at a luncheon gathering of the Federal Council's Commission on LI~TTERS ~'Rmi ABROAD–~O, 1 International Justice and Goodwill. • • . . • • • • • . • . • • DELAVAN L. PIERSO~ 165 He described the tension between INDlA~S FRmi THE RIO GRANDE TO China and Japan over the situation in CAllE HORN .. ,'l'HOJ.IAS C. )IO}~FE'l'T 170 Manchuria, where intermittent ~r was then going on. The delegates 'l'mIOlUWW IX .H ~HAAR]I.T ESIS.." """""" 177 183 from China on their way to the con- … DETWEILER 188 ference had spent some days in Man- 191 churia. There they had absorbed sur- WH.I.'1' DO YOU KNOW ABOUT THE mises, suspicions and fears that have ~IEXICAKS: … ROBWRT K. lIIcLEAN 196 been developing in that boiling cal- 197 UNIOK AND PROGRESS IN PORTO 201 dron for a generation. They were RICO … , .•.•.• C. MANLY MORTON 203 convinced that no peaceful solution was possible. The Japanese had the G~DER THE RED AND BI,ACK STAR " .ANl'A L. CURTIS delicate position of hosts and also of defenders of their policies. FGRTHER I,IGHT ON THE FIRST lIIISSIONARY FROM AMERICA … The problems to be discussed at the Institute were "extraterritoriality," ••.•.•…••..• PAL'I. DESCHWEINITZ "concessions" and "Manchuria." In- stead, however, of attacking, these "THE NECESSITY THAT IS LAID thorny issues immediately, the Insti- UPON US"' … HUGH THOll SON KERR tute spent two days discussing what the "machine-age" is doing to culture, OUR SPIRITUAL IKCOME ………•. both Occidental and Oriental. Forget- · , ………… ,M. A. MCWILLIHfS ting their natural alignments, the delegates discussed these relatively ir- TOPICS OF THE TIMES . . . . . . . . . . . relevant issues and, before they knew MOVING LETTER FRO~l A VETERAN it, they began to appreciate each other's ability, knowledge, and skill. MISSIONARY By the time the delegates came to the ATLANTIC CITY CONFERENCES problems of the Far East, they were appreciative friends. VISIT OF GENERAL SMUTS THE WORLD COURT The conference then took up China's }1~ILIPINO INDEPENDENCE demand for complete restoration of Do M[SSIO~ ARIES MAJ{E TROUBLE FOR sovereignty over foreigners and the rl'HEIR GOYERNME:STS'1 recovery of all the concessions. A plan was gradually ,threshed out regarding ~IE1'HODS FOR WORKERS . . . . . . . . . . • .••. EDITED BY MRS. F. I. .JOHNSON 207 extraterritoriality which apparently has actually been adopted by the wO)rAN'R FOREIG~ ~ISSION BUL- Chinese government in announcing the LE1~IN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . end of extraterritorial rights as of • •••• EDITED BY FLOREXCE G. 'l'YLER 215 January 1, 1930.

WOleAN'S HO~E llISfHON BULLETIN Professor Shotwell regarded the •• • EDITED IlY Fr.OREXCE E. QUlxr.. lN 218 conference as extraordinarily success- ful. It showed how unofficial discus- WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK … ,…….. 221 sions of the most difficult and irritat- ing controversies by men who have BOOKS WORTH READING ………. 237 both goodwill and exact information TFJH~IR.-'$2.50 a p'ar. ($2.00 In clubs of can find ways for their genuine solutiVf'.) Fnr('igt fm:z:tn~e, 50 f."Pl1tS. Rhlglro copies, tion, The very fact that no resolutions 25 cents. PuhliNlu·(I nwnthly. Copyrighted, were adopted and no formal state- 1£)30, by MrssJON ..RY REVIEW PUBLISHING COM- ments of results were made added P.NY, IKe. AU rights reserv('d. greatly to the liberty of discussion and the ability of the Institute to reach a TIlE MIflSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING general consensus of opinion. COlIPANY. I~c.

ROHERT E. SPEER, Pre81df"t '''ILI.IAM I, CHA:r.UHCRI4AIN, Vice-Pre8ident DELAVAN L. PlERSON, .Qecretarll V,].TER II CDOUlUI.L~ Tf'ea8u1'6t'

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LIII, No.3 March

LETTERS FROM ABROAD-NO. 1 From New York to Cairo BY DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor O NE of the steamer letters ful Gulf Stream and, while fierce that 'bade us God-speed as gales beat up the waters of the North Atlantic, our good ship we sailed away on the Ca- sailed under clear skies and nadian Pacific liner, Empress of through calm seas on its southern Altstralia, was from my friend and experienced world traveler, Dr. course. There was no good excuse William T. Ellis. With his words for experiencing maritime misery.

of friendly farewell he offered this With a staff of twenty cruise direcwise counsel: "Seek out the hard tors and entertainers, and with and dangerous experiences, for some 540 ships' officers and crew, therein will be found your real re- stewards and stewardesses to care wards. And, by all that you hope for every conceivable and unexto gain from the trip, I adjure you pected want of 320 passengers, to take time to sit and soak in situ- there was still less opportunity to ations new and important. A week experience hardship and little for of leisurely living in a lonely mis- independent self-service. What a sion station may do more for you great contrast to the crossing of than the sight seeing of six cities." the Atlantic by the intrepid discov- On a tour de luxe, such as is ar- erer, Christopher Columbus, or the ranged in a modern cruising steam- brave Pilgrim fathers and mothers. .er, it would be difficult to find ways Only 41 sailors cared for the Mayto follow this sage advice, or the flower and its 102 passengers. apostolic injunction to "endure That vessel was less than one per hardness as a good soldier of Jesus cent of the tonnage of the Empress Christ." Sailing out of New York of Australia, so that if our crew harbor on a bleak December day, and passenger list were of equal the young blizzard that enveloped proportion we would have on board land and sea was more than com- over 14,000 people instead of less pensated for by the warmth and than 900. The Pilgrims were cheer of farewell messages and re- obliged to carry food for their membrances. three months' passage over a course that now occupies only six days. The chilling storms of New York were soon tempered by the wonder- They had no electricity and no ice.

165

They were dependent upon the fully and quaintly picturesque. fickle wind to waft them to their Semitropical and temperate zone port, whereas this great ship is flowers grow in profusion and the equipped with oil burning engines imported Scotch heather sometimes that send us forward at twenty attains a height of 30 feet. The knots an hour. Our food stores in- rocky southern slopes of the mounclude 140,000 lbs. of meat, over tains are diligently cultivated by 60,000 lbs. of turkey, chicken and the Portuguese inhabitants who game, and 95,000 eggs, as well as own small "upright farms" on vegetables and other food. slopes that have an angle of 30 to 45 degrees. On the innumerable Lectures, musicals and other en- terraces they grow sugar cane, tertainments, dances and masquer- grapes for wine, vegetables and the ades, deck games and contests are flowers which they love. The water added to the well organized sight- for irrigation is brought through seeing tours to fill up the time. miles of conduits from the high- Travels clubs, camera clubs and oth- lands in the center of the island, er groups are organized on lines of where the rainfall is heavy. An kindred interests. The daily news enchanting panorama of these sheet, called the Em-Press, gives mountains, homes and terraced world-wide a'nd ship news, and de- gardens unfolds as we rise by the lightful illustrated Memograms de- cog railroad to the Terreriro da scribe tours and points of interest. Lucta chalet 3,285 feet above the sea. A novel and thrilling experi- The passengers and crew repre- ence is the three mile coast down sent a cross section of humanity to Funchal on dry land tobaggans with many characteristics and va- with greased runners, through the ried interests. The cruise members narrow lanes paved with cobble include a former president of Yale, stones, at the rate of from five to many retired business men, pro- fifteen miles an hour! fessors and teachers enjoying a sabbatical year, many widows, one Madeira is not only an island of or two counts and baronets-but no rare beauty but it is a land of inclergymen. There is a great op- teresting contrasts. In general the portunity for a director of missions men look like bandits, but are inon such a cruise in order that the dustrious and honest. Many of the passengers may return home with younger women have Madonna some reliable information on the faces and many of the children are Christian work that is being car- like cherubs, though some of the ried on in the countries visited. latter go about in rags and are im- The excellent cruise lecturers would portunate street venders or begbe happy to give such information gars. The narrow streets of Funwere it permitted, but the fear of chal run between plain, forbidding propaganda makes the cruise directors cautious. stone walls, but behind the gates are beautiful gardens and a no less A Visit to Madeira beautiful home life.

These volcanic islands, rising out Among the contrasts of the city of the Eastern Atlantic, lift their are the ancient and slow bullock heads some 6,200 feet into the sled:.; now competing with the modclouds. The main island, on which ern, rapid moving, honking autois the chief city, Funchal, is beauti- mobiles. The leisurely hammock is

LETTERS FROM ABROAD-NO. 1

still used for travel over mountain trades as barbel·s, cobblers, tin- paths and passes where, there are smiths, wine merchants, etc. Meat no roads, but the funicular railroad hangs exposed in the butcher built up the mountainside repre- shops; fish lie in baskets on the sents modern progress. stone pavements; the bakers and Perhaps the greatest and most confectioners' wares are unprostriking contrast is between the tected by glass windows or cases. hard working peasants who have A hole in the wall may be a rescultivated the rocky mountain ter- taurant, a gaming-room, or a brothraces, the endlessly toiling women el. Men sit and play cards, or who wash their clothes in the beds dominoes, or throw dice. Many of of the streams or in the wayside the women are veiled up to their gutters on the one hand, and on the eyes, but others are unveiled and, other the gay and careless nightly visitors to the casino, where they dance, drink Madeira wine, and gamble at roulette or bacarat. It is the workers, not the gamblers, who are characteristic of Madeira -as it is the workers and not the bandits who represent New York.

There are many fine Roman Catholic churches in Madeira, and the Protestants witness to their faith in the work of the Church of England, Scotch Presbyterians and Wesleyan Methodists.

In Moslem Algiers CHILDREN OF AT-GlEnS The contrast is great between the if they are over thirteen, that in Madeira garden mountainside and the Moslem quarter means but one the dark and dirty streets of the sad thing. Moslem hillside in Algiers. The former reveals what man can do In the midst of such surroundby industry to overcome natural ings it is not surprising that there obstacles. The latter shows the ef- is every evidence of degradation. fee,til of superstition, ignorance and Fortunately, the Mohammedans sin in a city district that has not are required to whitewash their progressed in 500 years. houses inside and out three times a year-on the prophet's birthday The Moslem quarter of Algiers and on two other holy days. It is is typical of the worst side of Mos- to be hoped that one of these days lem life and religion. The streets was near at hand at the time of our are so narrow that in some cases visit. There was sore need of disoutstretched hands can touch both infectants and fumigation. walls at once; the upper stories overhang so as almost to meet. The Our hearts went out to the chilcenter and walls of the street are dren who grow up in such surtoo often not much better than open roundings. They are apparently toilets. In the midst of this darkness and filth, merchants ply their

undisciplined and enjoy to the full the making of images and "like- the "modern" privilege of "self- nesses of anything in heaven above expression." The only apparent or in the earth beneath." The re- limit to this freedom is that in fam- ligion of the vast multitudes of ilies of the poor they are obliged Moslems is a matter of form, and to work. We saw little children of even the prohibitiDn against strDng four or five carrying pails of water drink and the injunction to pray weighing as much as themselves. five times a day are largely neg- Other children of seven or eight lected among the city dwellers. No were employed for long hours in call to prayer is sounded frDm the rug factories, skilfully tying knots muezzin tDwer.

as fast as their tiny hands per- But there is another side to the mitted. No wonder that the illit- life among Moslems in Algiers.

eracy of Arabs in Algiers is 80 % This is seen in Christian contacts and influences. In addition to French Roman Catholic work, which has turned some of the old mosques into Christian churches, there is a work conducted by the North Africa Mission, the Church of England and others. The Al- gierian Mission Band, founded over twenty years ago by Miss 1. Lilias Trotter, of England, has now about thirty missionaries scattered in some fifteen stations in Algeria.

They go out among the desert tribes, distributing Christian lit- erature to those who gladly buy, teaching the children, visiting A:, .RAB READING TO THE ILLITER- women in their homes, and talking ATES IN ALGIERS to men on the roads and byways.

and far exceeds that of the desert Last year they distributed in this tribes. way over 15,000 pieces Df litera- Religiously the Arabs are back- ture, thus scattering good seed, ward and have not advanced in the some of which fell on good ground knowledge of God since the days of and bDre fruit. In a suburb of Al- Mohammed. Their superstition is giers, the band has headquarters shown in the use of "Fatimas" in a house formerly the headquar- hands, painted or molded on the ters of pirates. How different its sides of their houses to ward off present use-not as a place for evil; or in the painting of their gathering and enjoying ill-gotten walls blue for good luck; or in the spDils, but as a home where Chris- fear they still show of the evil eye tian missionaries may be prepared of the camera, at the sight of which for service or may recuperate from women shouted and fled precipi- overwork, and from which "leaves tately. The coming of the cinema of healing" are sent out all over has, however, largely done away Algieria-500 miles east and west with the objection to pictures, so and 1,000 miles to the south. Work long prohibited by their law as to is also done among women and chil-

LETTERS FROM ABROAD~NO. 1

dren in the Kasbah or Arab quar- and was promised his liberty if he ter of Algiers. The best work is would return to Islam. If not, he through the personal contacts with was to be buried in the cement the missionaries who live Christ in foundations. Geronimo refused. the midst of these people. The vast His hands were tied behind him majority of them are to be pitied and he was cast alive into the founrather thaI) blamed, for they fol- dations, where cement was poured low blindly their blind leaders and over him. A monk, named Haedo, know not a better way-certainly recorded the story in 1612, and not the Way, and they cannot know when the fort was demolished in except someone point them to Him. 1853, the bones of Geronimo were dlscovered in the mould formed by In the museum of Mustapha Su- his body. A plaster cast was made perieur in Algiers, there is a per- CAST OF GERONIMO, THE MARTYR OF ALGIERS petual evidence of the power of showing the hands bound with Christ to transform these Moslems ropes behind the martyr's back and and give them courage to endure a face of strength and courage. persecution. A young Arab, who This cast is now in the museum at heard the Gospel from a Spanish Algiers, and in the Church of San priest, was converted and took the Philippe – a mosque transformed name of Geronimo. He was taken into a church-rest the bones of to Spain to be educated, but in 1569 Geronimo with an inscription dehe was captured by the Moors and scribing his martyrdom. He has brought to Algiers. Every effort been canonized by the Roman was made to induce him by prom- Church, but he was already a saint ises and threats to renounce his and an heir to the Kingdom of allegience to Christ, but without Heaven. Do we not need more of avail. He was taken to the place the stalwart faith and fortitude of where they were building "The Geronimo in the Church of Christ Fort of the Twenty-four Hours," today?

FROM THE RIO GRANDE

CAPE HORN BY THE REV. THOMAS C. MOFFETT, D.D.

Secretary oj the Inafan Mi.'J8'ion oj Amcrtc(, ana oj the Cmnmissiou on the Indians oj Lntin America T HE statements of this article is easily classified, but what about regarding the Indians from persons of mixed blood? Mexico to Patagonia have In view of the increasing interbeen compiled from various est which students of the American sources, to answer five questions Indians have been showing in the and reveal the neglect and the need question, Dr. Warren K. Mooreof evangelization and Christian head, a member of the Board of nurture for the millions of the na- Indian Commissioners and director tive American race who are with- of the department of anthropology out missionaries. As a preliminary of Philips Academy, addressed a observation the statement of the questionnaire to leading scientists Rev. W. F. Jordan may be noted.: and other interested persons, and "There is an' America, largely un- the subject was discussed at a meetknown to the rest of the world, ing of the American Antropological almost totally undeveloped, un- Association. Dr. Moorehead comtouched and unaided by modern bined a summary of the replies Christian and philanthropic effort. with his own observations as fol- A section of this in Central and lows: South America constitutes 'the greatest stretch of unevangelized By the designation "Indian" is meant territory in the world.' Here the a male or female of native American Indian descent whose father and mothpopulation is overwhelmingly In-' er were native, aboriginal Americans dian, and can be fittingly termed in whom the quantum of Indian blood 'Indian America.''' predominated. Further, as Indians un- Who Are Indians 1 der this designation are included such persons in whom the quantum of blood The classification of racial is one-half Indian and one-half white, groups, where blood of various that is the father of white descent and strains has mingled for genera- mother of Indian descent, or vice vertions, is difficult. In 1519, Cortez sa. Also are included under the desigand his Spanish Conquistadores nation "Indian" persons of one-fourth reached Mexico, and into the em- quantum of Indian blood.

pire of Montezuma, soon over- For the purposes of the present thrown and devasted, there was study of the populations of Latin introduced the Caucasian race, des- America, the classification of only tined to become socially, politically those individuals of predominantly and racially dominant over the Indian blood is accepted as mark- populations of the red race. The ing the line of distinction between question "What constitutes an In- redmen and other races.

dian?" has been variously viewed by scientists and pUblicists. A per- How Many Indians in Latin America?

son whose native American Indian The twenty republics occupying blood is one hundred per cent pure the vast area of the Western Hem- 170 isphere south of the United States as follows: Quechuas 3,000,000; have a population of approximately Aymaras 500,000; Colombian civilized 80,000,000. Estimates of the Indians 500,000.

"Statesman's Year Book" and oth- "There is no need to describe the er investigations authorize a classi- admirable features that characterfication which it does not claim to ized the Inca Empire, which exbe accurate but which serves the tended over almost all of the purpose of division into groups for upland territory, embraced in the ready reference as follows: White three republics of Bolivia, Peru and population, 18,000,000; Indian, Ecuador, or the inferior but still 17,000,000; Negro, 6,000,000; advanced culture of the Chibchas mixed White and Indian, 30,000,- .in Colombia. Prescott, in his "Con- 000; mixed White and Negro, 8,- quest of Peru," Sir Clements Mark- 000,000; mixed Negro and Indian, ham in "The Incas of Peru," and 700,000; East Indian, Japanese Thomas A. Joyce in "South Ameriand Chinese, 300,000. From an- can Arch::eology," considered these other source, one-third of the pop- people worthy subjects for their ulation of Latin America has been masterly sketches. The Indians of estimated as Indian. Dr. S. G. In- those celebrated days were by no man, in "Problems in Pan Ameri- means exterminated by the Spancanism," says: "Although the proc- ish. They survive, probably in reess of assimilation by the Iberian duced numbers and certainly under conquerors in the early days went great oppression, but still capable on rapidly, resulting in the large of the achievements that distin- I'uestizo population which consti- guished their ancestors. Among tutes the bulk of the population to- the humble peons on the Andean day, it must be said that this farms, and particularly among the process seems now to have prac- still existing independent commutically ceased, leaving intact an nities that occupy the more isolated aggregate community of some 18,- sections of the plateau, there live 000,000 of pure Indians, scattered many worthy sons of once distin- from Mexico to Patagonia." guished families. Though sub- Of the Highland Indians of the merged beneath the surface of the Andean Republics, Dr. George M. present social and political life and McBride, reports: deprived of almost every oppor- In Bolivia, 50 per cent of the in- tunity for economic, intellectual or habitants are classed as of pure Indian spiritual advancement, these rugblood, while 27 per cent are of mixed ged mountain people preserve race with the Indian character pre- many of the physical, mental and dominating. (Census of 1900.) In moral qualities which in centuries Peru, out of a total popUlation of 4,- past made them dominate the des- 500,000, the Indians number about 2,- tinies of the entire continent. This 500,000 or over 55 per cent. In is peculiarly true of the Aymara Ecuador, there are practically no per- and the Quechua tribes, the most sons of pure Spanish blood and the numerous as well as the most pure Indians are estimated as about promising of these Indians.

1,600,000. In Colombia, about to pel' "The Lowland Indiam; of South America, in contrast with the highcent of the population iR of pure In- land peoples, are largely uncivildian blood. Though no exact statistics ized. Due in great part to their are available as to the exact numbers, the major divisions are probably about

unfavorable geographical environ- ally, note the following statements ment, they have never developed in from those who have carefully the social scale but remain, as they studied this situation. Dr. McBride have been for ages past, in a state writes of the highland Indians: of greater or less savagery. They are divided into multitudinous These Indians are neither educated small tribes, sometimes loosely fed- nor Christianized. For four centuries erated but generally at more or less they have lived side by side with Euroopen warfare one with the other peans. Yet the vast majority of them and each speaking a distinct lan- can neither read nor write, speak no guage or dialect. The Araucanians languages but their own, are familiar of south central Chile are far above with only a few empty symbols of other lowland tribes, possessing a Christianity and worship, as of old, fairly high degree of civilization, the spirits that, to their simple fancy, with agricultUre and stock raising inhabit fields, rocks and mountain well advanced and an organized peaks. As to their needs, very little patriarchal government. has been done for them in any way, either by missionary agencies or by "Any calculation of the numbers the governments in whose jurisdiction of lowland Indians in South Amer- they live. In general, they have been ica can be only rough estimates. entirely neglected and left in their No census of the republics con- primitive state, to become the prey of cerned attempts to state their In- a slowly advancing wave of civilization dian population of the forests in in which Christianity has played no more than general terms. The fol- part. They have thus been entirely lowing is an estimate based upon at the mercy of traders, industrialists the most reliable data available: and slave raiders. Brazil 1,300,000; Peru 1,000,000; Ecuador 700,000; Bolivia 400,000 ; Mr. Kenneth Grubb, says: Venezuela 300,000; Chile 102,000; Colombia 100,000; Paraguay 50,- There are few missions today which 000; Argentina 30,000; The Gui- work in the indigenous tongue of the anas 40,000, total, 4,022,000. Indians. If you speak to an Indian in Spanish or Portuguese, you do not "In Mexico and Central America make much progress; but if you talk as in South America, exact enumer- his own language you get along much ation of the Indians is entirely better. Perhaps the problem of the lacking. The following figures are civilized Indian is much the same as only approximately correct but are that of the uncivilized. The difficulties based upon the most accurate sta- that have prevented the progress of tistics available: Mexico 5,224,- Protestant missions among the Indians 500; Guatemala 1,202,150; Salva- are due first of all to the nature of the dor 234,650; Nicaragua 180,000; country. Communication is difficult. Panama 91,000; Honduras 60,000; British Honduras 20,000; Costa Secondly, the linguistic diversity Rica, 3,500; total 7,015,800." which obtains among the tribes. Some years ago I published a map present- Why Is This Called the Continent of ing a linguistic classification of 350 Neglect and of Opportunity? different tribes speaking different dia- lects, not all of course radically dif- Regarding the neglect of these ferent; they belonged to about 50 well millions of Indians and their needs marked different linguistic stocks. religiously, socially and education- Another questkm is that of idenli- fir-atioll. The habitat of the llldiall~ is a serious matter; the identification of his tribal identity is another one, for without that, one cannot know in what

INDIANS FROM THE RIO GRANDE TO CAPE HORN

language to approach the Indians or er deeply-seated evils are scarcely more whether it is a language whose lin- than pl'Ojected. The most effective of guistic affiliations make it worth while these is probably the Aborigines Proto commence work among them. tection Society of Peru. This is doing a great work in defending the rights We are not in the position in the of the Indians. The activity so far Amazon basin to start any vast has almost wholly been in opposition schemes of education among the 350 to abuse of the Indian, rather than in uncivilized tribes of Latin America, positive effort to raise him above the but spiritual attainments are to be de- position which permits of the abuse. sired. This is especially the case be- The whole force is Peruvian except a cause the Indian of the interior is young German-Peruvian secretary. entirely in a savage state. For instance, in June, 1925, I was offered In an article entitled "Indigehuman flesh among the Indians. nous Simplicity," William F. Jones Among the same tribe I was finally wrote in The Atlantic Monthly for robbed of all my possessions and August, 1928, this characterizadothes and turned out naked in the tion: forests. You can readily see under those circumstances that one's life is In the casual habits and mental beat stake sometimes. havior of the peoples indigenous to them, the true understanding of the Dr. John A. Mackay, speaking Latin American countries may be on "Adventures in the Mind of found. Observers often make the mis- Latin America," gives a suggestive take of looking for complex psychologi- cal processes and oblique explanations point of view: in these people. The secret of un- derstanding them rests in simplicity, South America is probably the only not complexity. Their ideas, their great region of the world in which thoughts, their actions, are childishly there is no deep-rooted racial preju- simple. Like children they give free dice. It is today the world's largest vent to their emotions, like children Lrucible of race fusion. No race is their amusement is generally at the excluded on ethnic grounds from en- expense of someone else's discomfort; tering this crucible. Where exclusion like most children, they are inherently exists it is due entirely to economic honest, but sometimes put their own reasons. There is fundamentally no trivial gratification foremost at unexsuch thing as racial antagonism. In- pected moments ….. . ter-marriage between the four ethnic families has gone on and continues to Among the Indian natives I have go on …… A keen student of South seen the trait of honesty so often that American sociology, Sr. Jose Vascon- I have no patience with the prevalent celos, the distinguished Minister of opinion that the native is a thief. One Education during the Obregon admin- custom that surprises the stranger in istration in Mexico, has entitled his the larger Mexican cities is the casual latest study of the Southern continent: way in which people carry sacks of "The Cosmic Race." His thesis is that money about the streets. There being South America is the sphere where a no paper currency business houses new "cosmic" race, a fifth member of send boys and clerks to and from the the ethnic family, is being evolved to banks, unguarded, carrying thousands whose formation the white and the of pesos. black, the red and the yellow races are making their contribution. This would Dr. Robert E. Speer, speaking be the true ecumenical race of the fu- of unoccupied areas, said: ture. The opportunity at least is given for us United States people to make Regarding Peru, it is stated: some amends to the Indian race which Societies to combat intemperance, social vice, Indian exploitation and oth-

is so rapidly being wiped out. Very Foreign Missions Conference of hard that problem is going to be in North America and the Committee mauy respects, one of the m08t diffi- on Cooperation in Latin America cult problems of pioneer missionary discussed a program of work work that Christianity has ever un- among the Indians. The total popdertaken. The heroic tasks have not ulation not reached by evangelical all been exhausted by the martyrs be- effort was stated to be between 11,- fore us. There are tasks as heroic, 500,000 and 12,000,000. The unchallenging the church of this gen- civilized lowland Indians were eration, and it may be that out of this represented as, in general, totally congress a spirit of sacrificial appeal neglected. This field of effort was will go to the hearts of the young men proclaimed the noblest task to and young women of our Christian which a Christian missionary could churches that will lead them forth into devote his life. It was proposed those great perils of life involved in that a deputation to South Amerithe evangelization of these Indian peo- ca on the Indian fields should be pIes …… The most needy and un- organized. Vigorous and coordicared for sections are the Indians of nated action was called for. A the Amazon, the Aymaras of Bolivia, Committee on Findings reported as the Quichuas of Bolivia and Peru, and follows: the tribes of Ecuador and Colombia. There are savages among these In- The interest in all discussions has dians, but they are not inaccessible. proved conclusively that there is an honest and earnest purpose on the The Honorable Ignacio Calderon, part of all boards and their missionlate Minister of Bolivia to the aries to solve the problems and push United States, wrote for Current the work to victory with the help of History the following plea: Christ and His church. This confer- ence was intended to bring the needs The Indians constitute the working and conditions of work for Indians 'to force of the respective countries. They light as had never before been done. cultivate the land, exploit the mines, The result is an unmistakable concluconstruct roads and are employed in sion that the churches are under oball kinds of manual labor. Notwith- ligation to undertake on a scale never standing centuries of submission, the before attempted the evangelization Indians remain a sturdy and intelli- and the Christian education of aborgent race, without which the countries iginal Americans of whom there are that have them could not subsist. No not less than 15,000,000 full bloods greater duty devolves on the democra- between the United States and Cape cies of America than to make intelli- Horn, to say nothing of the many milgent and educated citizens of the now lions more who are largely of Indian abject and oppressed Indians. Every blood. sentiment of humanity, every principle of justice and duty call for the redeem- This conference therefore urges ing of those millions of abused mem- every board, to which allocations of bers of the so-called Latin American work for Indians are suggested by the Republics, where no equality in fact Committee on Cooperation in Latin exists, and where want of education America, to assume those responsibilileaves these victims at the mercy of ties to the fullest extent possible. their oppressors. The time has surely come for something to be done. In April, 1924, the Commission on Indian Work in Latin America What Have the Evangelical Forces was organized. The purpose was Planned and Projected for the In- stated to be "to study and promote dians of Latin America 1 missionary work among native- speaking Indians in Mexico, Cen- In January, 1920, the Committee of Reference and Counsel of the

tral America and South America." representative of the Christian The significant statement was made churches, should confess with pain and by Mr. A. C. Snead that "the claim repentance the lack of attention with of the Latin American Indians up- which it has regarded for years the on the Christian church is a claim evangelization of the Indians, and it of a neglected race. They have proposes to awaken a Christian rebeen deeply affected by the politi- sponsibility in the respective national cal and economic life of Christian churches so that they shall not fall civilization and always to their det- into such neglect again. riment. There are more languages What Are the Prospects of the Work?

among these peoples in which the The tabulations of reports from Gospel is not available than in any some thirty-five organizations, hav- other part of the world today." ing relations to Indian fields of Dr. William r. Haven, Chairman, Latin-America, are at the offices of said: the commission, 419 Fourth Ave- Each missionary group working nue, New York.

among these Indians should be re- The educational advance for quested by some central authorization South America, through the Comto send in all the knowledge they have so that a group of experts may put mittee on Cooperation in Latin this whole picture together. We can America, has greatly impressed a no doubt get the cooperation of the number of outstanding leaders of American Geographical Society, the the church. Here one nation was National Geographic Society, the Pan- speaking its message of friendship American Union, the Museum of Nat- to a sister continent. Bishop Wilural History and like organizations. liam F. Oldham, after considering The second thing is to get that knowl- this program, summed up his im- edge out among the Christian people pression, with which other leaders through our churches. There are re- are represented as agreeing, when sources that should be put into this enterprise in faith, in life and in mon- he said: "Without undue enthusey, in the hands of Christian people iasm, speaking deliberately as a in this country, that can be brought man who all his life has been out into service if we can get this infor- on the firing line, associated with mation to the people. It is up to us to large projects in different parts of set the church on fire for the task. the world around, I say that the Maybe it cannot be done. We must educational advance for South not say so nor must we think so. It America is the most comprehensive can be done if we will all get together. challenging program for Christian Five years later, the commission service that I have ever known." was reorganized, May 15, 1929, to Dr. Webster E. Browning, writbe composed of representatives of the various agencies at work among ing in the REVIEW, April, 1928, on the Indians of Latin America. "Notable Conquests in Latin Amer- ica," stated: The Evangelical Congress held in Havana, June 20, 1929, gave Help for the submerged Indian speci~l attention to the Indian masses did not enter into the plans of problem. Extended resolutions Evangelical forces fifty years ago. were passed with the following Even that which is being done today opening statement: is tragically inadequate to the needs of these millions of fellow Americans, as pagan as were their forefathers The commission believes that, as a when Columbus first looked on the preliminary step the congress, as a shores of America. Yet, considerable

interest has now been aroused in the that land seemed to be not only closed problem, a number of missions have to the Gospel but utterly neglected been organized, in one country there and shut out of the thought of God's are now fourteen where three years people in this land of ours. But far ago there was but one, and it is hoped more thought and prayer and service that steps may soon be taken to or- have been given to South America ganize and coordinate these various than ever before. And the result is bodies and carry forward a work seen today in doors wide open throughwhich shall bring to the hundreds of out the whole continent. The faces of widely scattered tribes the benefits of the Indians are toward the light, and Christianity. wherever they see our work they say, "Come to us and teach us and help At the annual meeting, in March, us." With their own hands they are 1929, of the Evangelical Union of building little churches and schools South America, A. Stuart McNairn and looking to us for the' teachers who said: shall bring them into the light.

A new day is dawning for South A new day is dawning for South America. One can hardly realize the America. Let us welcome it and tremendous contrast of things as they take our part in making it the day are today and as they were only a few of the Lord Jesus Christ. years ago. T):!ere was a time when A NEW NOTE IN TRAVEL M AKING travel a vital factor International Council of Congrega- in promoting international tional Churches to England; an understanding and good Art Appreciation Tour under Mrs.

will without eliminating its pleas- R. Edson Doolittle; and a Dante ing vacational features is being Pilgrimage under Mrs. George H.

emphasized in the many tours be- Camehl.

ing arranged for the season of The National Federation of 1 9 3 0 by World Acquaintance Business and Professional Women Travel, Inc. Distinguished men are arranging their third year and women are among the leaders series of tours under World Ac- of these various groups. quaintance Travel. Eight Quin- Some of the tours have been ar- quennial Tours to the Meeting of ranged strictly for study and spe- the International Council of Wom- cial observation. Others are of the en at Vienna, May 27 to June 9 sightseeing variety. Among those are also among the study tours.

with a definite objective, is a group With but few exceptions, all led by Leonard Barron, Horticul- tours will visit Oberammergau and ture Editor of Country Life; a the Passion Play. Each group will motor tour through Spain and also have the advantages of the Italy will be under the leadership hospitality and cooperation of the of Mrs. John Walton Paris; a tour International Committee of World to the Social Service Conference in Acquaintance Travel. This Com- Upsala under Mrs. John Ferguson mittee has been organized for the and Mrs. Josephine Stearns; a purpose of bringing World Ac- Friendship Tour under the aus- quaintance Travelers in closer pices of the Methodist Church, and touch with the problems, institu- the Good Will Pilgrimage of the tions and social life of the nations.

DAY, CAPE HAITIEN

TOMORRO'V IN HAITI BY THE REV. CHARLES S. DETWEILER, D.D.

S ecreta-t'Y, American BapttBt Home Mission Soci ety O NE cann.ot predict what to- longer in the backwaters of the morrow will be in Haiti world's life, but is now fairly without taking into account launched on the main currents.

the American occupation. Will Our country has no more impor- Marine intervention cease in 1936 tant international relations than when the treaty of 1915 expires? with Latin America, and its deal- Or will a new treaty be signed pro- ing with Haiti will help to make or viding for further intervention? mar its fellowship with the other Or will the Commission recently republics of this hemisphere.

authorized by Congress recommend Since the summer of 1915, Haiti some better way in which our Gov- has been virtually a protectorate of ernment may help Haiti? We at- the United States, American treaty tempt no answer to these questions, officials cooperating with Haitian and therefore our forecast of the officials in governing the country.

future is indefinite. But the Amer- There is an American High Com- ican occupation by its past achieve- missioner who seems to share with ments has definitely determined the President of Haiti supreme that Haiti can no longer, as in the power, and there is an American past century, remain in isolation Financial Adviser – General Re- and neglect, overlooked by the mis- ceiver, who confers with a Haitian sionary and humanitarian forces of Minister of Finance in the collec- the world. The Marines have tion and expenditure of revenue.

forced a certain amount of prog- Other Departments, such as Public ress upon the country. It is no Works, Sanitation, and Police, are 2 177

directed by American treaty offi- complished in roads, bridges and ciais in cooperation with Haitian public buildings with the scanty cabinet ministers. In all of these revenues of this poor Republic.

lines Haiti has been governed with But what wins one's greatest ad- a high degree of efficiency and hon- miration is the service rendered in esty. Most noteworthy has been human welfare by the Navy phy- the successful financial reorganiza- sicians that are stationed all over tion of the Republic. Foreign the island as Public Health officers, claims have been liquidated, the not only working for clean streets foreign debt reduced, the budget and a clean water supply, but heal- has been balanced, the currency ing the sick in their daily clinics stabilized, and a large cash balance and also building hospitals. No built up. medical missionary could be more In the early days of the occupa- beloved for his service to suffering tion the first institutions to present humanity than some of these phy- a new and modern front were the sicians, who ride out into the coun- prisons, and the element of the try to hold clinics for the poor. Be- population ,that saw the first im- cause of their disinterested service provement in living conditions they have been able to secure the were the prisoners. The peniten- cooperation of the Haitians of the tiaries became models of neatness; better class in developing a few trades were taught and gardens large public hospitals. Of one of cultivated within the walls, and so these hospitals it is said with different was the lot of the prison- pardonable pride that it is the ers from their former days when largest in the West Indies, a they were dependent upon their worthy boast for a country that has friends or charity for their daily hitherto ranked as the most back- bread, that to the poor outside it ward of this region, seemed no hardship to be a pris- In the original treaty which the oner. Now that a well-trained Na- United States gave to Haiti to sign, tional Guard is policing the coun- under which all of this helpful ad- try, the barrack or police station of ministration was authorized, noth- each town has become the model ing was said about the Courts of house of the community. Over Justice or Public Education. Later each of these barracks presides a experience has proved that these noncommissioned officer of the U. omissions were regrettable. To S. Marine Corps, a tested and ap- remedy in part what was omitted, proved man with pride in his work. a new Department called Service What a sight for the weary eyes of Technique has been instituted, at the foreign traveler to come into a the head of which is an American little town in the interior and find and a small force of foreign agri- a well-kept lawn in front of the cultural experts. Under their di- police barracks and a vegetable rection rural schools have been garden in the rear, an object lesson established, where the emphasis is of great value to the rest of the laid on manual training, gardening, population. and the care of animals. To sup- Then there is the Department of ply teachers for these schools a Public Works, staffed by engineers central normal school is maintained belonging to our Navy. The mar- at the capital. There are also in- vel is- to see how much has been ac- dustrial schools for boys at several

TOMORROW IN HAITt

of the larger towns. In addition to of the popUlation, which is an esti- these schools the Service Technique mate only of the number of illiter- maintains tw~nty demonstration ates, have received marked benefits farms, and certain experiment sta- ft'om the American occupation and tions for coffee and sisal, and sends is apparently contented. They are through the country a number of freed from fear of bandits or revo- farm advisors. Many of the more lutionaries; they may safely take intelligent Haitians believe that the produce of their little farms this is the most valuable contribu- over good roads to market. In any tion of the American occupation to case they have always been treated the welfare of their country. as inferiors and are accustomed to For that branch of the Haitian this treatment. As peasants, they government called Public Educa- have not aspired to social equality tion the American treaty officials with the merchants, professional are said to have little sympathy. men and politicians of the cities.

While large sums have been appro- But these latter are the unhappy priated for the Service Technique, classes. They have been deprived which is under American control, of any part in choosing their Presi- appropriations for the Department· dent or the Council of State that of Education, which remains under has supplanted the national Con- the Minister of Public Instruction, gress. If any of their number are today smaller than they were criticize the President too severely.

in 1914-1915. Haitian teachers in he is thrown into jail and left there the agricultural schools receive a long time without trial. A Na- higher salaries than their fenows tional Guard, officered by Amer- in the ordinary Haitian schools. icans, is the instrument of these oc- The American criticism of these casional acts of despotism and is schools, even where manned by the support of a government in capable teachers, is that they are which they have no voice or vote.

academic, not fitting the pupils for To add to their resentment the any vocation. The Americans American Treaty officials, who rightly believe that it is of the ut- have the last word in the collection most importance to teach the chil- and expenditure of revenues and dren how to work, but it is unfor- who thus control the destinies of tunate that they have not prepared the country, have not succeeded in the Haitian educational authorities suppressing altogether their feel- to undertake the responsibility for ing of racial superiority. They these agricultural schools. The dwell in the midst of the Haitians danger is that when American con- with a separate social life of their trol is removed, all the work of the own. Although care has been taken Service Technique may fall to the not to wound their racial sensibili- ground. ties, the Haitians cannot help feel- This leads us to note what is gen- ing that their country is ruled by erally agreed to be the chief failure men from the United States where of the American occupation. It the distinctions of race are never has not succeeded in winning the forgotten.

sympathy and cooperation of the Whether it be because of this educated classes. Its human and lack of sympathy between Ameri- social contacts are all too few. The can cfficials and the educated common people, ninety per cent classes, or because of the desire for

efficiency in administration, there Christian missions in Haiti is that has been little or no preparation "a great door and effectual" is open of the Haitians for self-govern- to the country people, but the opment. They have not had an op- portunity with the educated classes portunity to elect a Congress or a President. If the American occu- in the cities is uncertain. The impation comes to an end according provements in public order and to the terms of the present treaty public works and the new rural in 1936, Haiti will not have been schools resulting from the occupaany better prepared for self-gov- tion have changed the whole life of ernment than if there had been no the countryside. It is a day of intervention by the United States. awakening. Thousands are learn- To all intents and purposes the ing to read who never read before. United States is administering the The Word of God may now have affairs of Haiti as if it has received free course among the masses. In a mandate from some association the cities on the other hand, there of nations, without planning for a is a certain amount of resentment definite end. at foreign control and consequent anti-American feeling. The Roman Religiously, Haiti is different Church appeals to the educated from other Latin American repub- classes as being a part of their cullic in that there is no anti-clerical tural inheritance from France, of party; there seems to be not even which they are proud. They want the beginning of any such move- to be treated as of French, not as ment as in Mexico led to a break of African origin. With good reabetween the church and the state. son they feel that their spiritual In Haiti the religion of the state is heritage ought to characterize them Roman Catholic and its ministers rather than their physical traits. are supported by public funds; and The way of approach to them is the people seem to be content to not easy if it be with an American have it so. Public education is in emphasis. part in the hands of priests and nuns. There are also certain Ro- Fortunately for the progress of man Catholic schools that receive the Gospel, the Protestant faith most of their support from the had already become rooted in Haiti state. through missionary efforts of for- mer generations. British Wesley- But just as the old type of public ans were among the earliest to education reached only a small establish evangelical churches in proportion of the children, so the that land, followed by British Bapstate religion has in reality affected tists in the forties of the last cenonly a small part of the population. tury, whose work was later con- African voodooism is a more po- tinued by Jamaican Baptists. A tent force in the life of the masses decade later an American Negro than Roman Catholicism. This cult from Connecticut successfully is prohibited by law, but the pro- founded the Episcopal Church in hibition has not been effectively a number of towns, and some Bapenforced. In general one may say tist Abolitionists from New York that the religion of the country founded a mission in the capital people is more animistic than city. The churches founded by Christian. these pioneers still live, and al- The situation then that confronts though small, they number some

1930J TOMORROW IN HAITI

cultured and mfluential families the building of these chapels, and among their members. From them for the support of primary schools have come ministers who, having in connection with some of them.

received their early preparation in To be sure they have been built the Lydie of Port-au-Prince, con- little by little in the course of thir- tinued their education in American ty-five years, but this work has seminaries, and have set a high meant that Pastor L'Herisson has standard for the Protestant min- spent about half of each week in istry. The Protestant churches the saddle. Now at an advanced may be small, but they are now age he is still straight and strong, rooted in the soil and, having been and still keeps a close oversight of in existence long before the Ameri- all his groups of believers. As this can occupation, are not looked upo!). work is the outgrowth of British as part of it. It is true that the Baptists it is fitting that it should Episcopal and most of the Baptist receive some support from Jamai- churches have now some connection can Baptists, who had assumed with American Mission Boards, but their ministry is Haitian.

The futm:e of the Protestant churches lies in the extension of their ministry away from the coast- al cities into the neglected interior of the island. The first pastor to discover the untouched resources of the rural population was Nos- sirel L'Herisson, of the Baptist Church of Jacmel, as far back as 1895 when he gave himself to the COUNTRY HOUSE IN IlAITI work of the ministry. Going out This Hut Can Hold Over li'ifty People on mule-back every week to seek what they could of the mother So- the lost on the mountains overlook- ciety's obligations in the West In- ing the southern coast, he has grad- dies.

ually built up a body of believers Beginning at Cape Haitien on numbering 1,200 communicants the north coast, Pastor A. Groves and some 2,000 more who are con- Wood, a British missionary in the verted but not baptized because un- employ of The American Baptist able to be legally married through Home Mission Society, has led Hai- their past sinful entanglements. In tian Baptists to evangelize the in- addition to the chapel at Jacmel, terior of the Island just as Pastor which is the home of the church L'Herisson had done in the south.

into the membership of which all The same readiness to hear the are baptized, he has led these peo- preaching of the Gospel has been ple in the building of twelve stone found among the country people in chapels in as many out-stations the one case as in the other. Among scattered among the hills. When other places the little town of St.

we consider that the average daily Michel was deeply stirred, and the wage of a laboring man is twenty believers built themselves a little cents, we can appreciate the conse- chapel of mud walls and thatched cration and skillful leadership in- roof, which was no sooner com- volved in the collection of funds for pleted than it became too small.

Here occurred the conversion of a sian was to gather all of his images, notable "bokor" or voodoo priest. fetiches, and charms and pack them Like Simon Magus he had given into this "houmfort." Then he cut himself out to be a great man with down the sacred tree, under which powerful charms. He attended a most of the heathen ceremonies gathering in the home of some of were performed, and added it to the members and was deeply af- the pile. Then he summoned the fected by what he heard. One verse nearest Baptist leader, who came of Scripture that haunted his mem- with a number of his members. ory was: "No man, having put his When they arrived the converted hand to the plow and looking back, "bokor" poured kerosene over the is fit for the kingdom of heaven." "houmfort" and set fire on it. The Later he left the district and tried news of this conversion and defito efface from his mind the Chris- ance of the voodoo religion spread tian impressions received at that like wild fire through the region meeting, but this one text of Scrip- and as a result of this testimony ture would not leave him alone, and others were won to Christ. it finally brought him to the feet of his Saviou,r. Afterward his wife Every church or outstation esalso found peace. She said that she tablished requires a primary school had suffered from demons and was where the children may be taught often unable to sleep, for as soon as to read and write. The church night came these demons took pos- desiring a school furnishes the session of her and she knew noth- room and the equipment, and the ing of what she did until the mission furnishes only the salary demons left her. In a very real of the teachers. The equipment in sense hundreds of people in Haiti most cases consists of a simple have been set free from the fear of thatched covered hut with benches demons by the knowledge of the and with rude desks for only a part Gospel. As one listens to their testimony when examined for bap- 0: the pupils, to be used in relays tism, one is impressed by the little that is said concerning Romanism for writing lessons. In some places and by the frequency with which there are night classes for adults they bear witness to the peace that who want to learn to read. It may has come into their lives since they be a long time before sufficient believed that Jesus has conquered schools are established by the Govthe demons and freed them from ernment for all the children of bondage to their tormentors. Haiti. Meanwhile the Protestant churches must make provision for About three years ago there was a literate membership and thus published a translation of the Gos- contribute to the building of a new pel of John into Creole. This is the and better Haiti. language of the countryside, a patois of French but containing many The sense of nationalism is African words. Between Las Cao- strong in Haiti. It is the only nabas and Mirabalais a voodoo priest tion on this hemisphere where the was converted through reading Negro race has an opportunity to this Gospel. He had a "houmfort" or rude temple in his yard. The develop its own institutions. Its first thing he did after his conver- independence must be jealously re- spected by the United States. If our help is extended in the spirit of brotherhood, tomorrow in Haiti will be full of promise.

DO YOU KNOW ABOUT

MEXICANS?

BY THE REV. ROBERT N. McLEAN Director, Spanish-SpcuJd,ng "-Vork oj the Presbyterian Board oj National Missions O F ALL the peoples who have even these have their elements of come to our land, there are uncertainity in determining total none who are so little known population, because of so many and little understood as the Mexi- variable factors involved. In one can immigrants. Go into any pub- year 62.1 per cent of all the Mexilic library and ask for literature cans entering legally were adults, about Italians, Japanese, Poles, and and three fourths of these were you will soon be barricaded at your males. In the industries there are reading table with a wall of books; many "solos" or single men. Mexiask for information about the Mex- cans usually have larger families icans and the librarian will explain than native Americans. There are to you that there is no book entire- many Mexican children employed ly devoted to the subject and that in seasonal agriculture and are the periodical literature is meagre therefore not in school. All these indeed. The Mexican is the man are factors which make it difficult whom we do not know. to fit school or employment sta- tistics into the formulre commonly The whole subject is clouded used in determining population. with uncertainty. Estimates as to the total number of these people in Because of this uncertainty, one the United States vary from a mil- guess is as good as another, except lion and a quarter to three millions. that the best guess is the one which Even the government statistics do is quoted most frequently. Repetinot help us much, for they take tion has tended to give value to cognizance only of those entering estimates of Mexican population. legally, while during the past dec- Our guess for the purpose of this ade hundreds of thousands have discussion will be 1,750,000 in the entered surreptitiously. "Wet United States, not counting the backs" they are called east of El large number of Spanish Ameri- Paso; "Bootleg Mexicans" where cans in New Mexico and Colorado. the Rio Grande no longer marks the boundary. Recently the border When the immigration from patrol has been increased and the Mexico began in large numbers, it vigilance tightened; but the num- was confined almost entirely to ber of Mexicans here illegally is so Texas, California, Arizona, Cololarge as to render the government rado and New Mexico. The revolufigures valueless in an effort to de- tionary period which began under termine the size of the problem. the leadership of Madero in 1910 left Mexico in turmoil. Then came The only two safe guides are the the World War with its depletion school enrollment of Mexican chil- of our own labor supply. The dren and the statistics as to the Armistice ushered in a new era of number of Mexicans employed in industrial expansion calling for an the major industries such as rail- unprecedented amount of common roads and beet comoanies. But labor. And so with the push of 183

want behind and the lure of oppor- conditions incident to a settled com- tunity ahead, the Mexicans munity. A church or a community swarmed northward by the hun- house set upon concrete founda- dreds of thousands. Then came the tions illy meets the needs of a development of immense irrigation family which lives upon wheels.

projects bringing under cultivation The Baptists have taken an ad- millions of acres of new land, dedi- vance step in the use of their chapel cated for the most part to the grow- automobile, and the Council of ing of seasonal fruits and vegeta- Women for Home Missions is doing bles. Finally the quota law of 1924 a notable work among the Mexicans greatly cut down the supply of through its department of work for common labor from Europe and cannery and migratory workers; resulted in a corresponding accel- but as yet a set-up which will ade- eration of immigration from Mexi- quately meet the need has not been co. developed.

In the southwest there are three In fact, any solution can at best main types of employment which be but a makeshift. There is too lure Mexicans. He is first recruited much moving on the part of the by the agricultural interests, and Mexicans and too little interest on his labor is' largely migratory. the part of employers in the social When a crop, such as lettuce or needs of their workers. It has been melons in the Imperial Valley of estimated that the average Mex- California, or cotton in Arizona, is ican migratory worker is idle 30.4 ready to be gathered, there is a tre- per cent of his time. Large em- mendous demand for Mexican la- ployers seem to want Mexicans bar; but once the crop is harvested numerous and hungry. They de- the demand immediately disap- mand that the labor reservoir shall pears. The Mexican packs his few always be full so that the expense belongings and his large family of recruiting may be reduced to the into a decrepit second-hand car, mWlmum. Some plan must be and rattles away to work on an- worked out whereby employers of other crop somewhere else. Case migratory agricultural labor may studies have been made which show budget their labor needs, coop- that the average migratory family erating rather than competing in lives in five or six different places the use of the Mexicans. In this during a calendar year. the railroads might cooperate by The problems of the school, the arranging to do the bulk of their community house and the church in construction work during the pe- dealing with such a shifting group riods of greatest idleness in crop can readily be imagined. One work. Such a plan would be to the school teacher in the San Joaquin interest of all, for if the growers Valley in California reported a cannot harvest their crops the rail- Mexican turnover of forty per cent roads will have nothing to haul.

every month during the school The railroads themselves are the year. A Sunday-school in Arizona second large employers of Mexican with an average attendance of 75 laborers in the southwest. Roy E.

had 642 different names upon its Kelly, of the Southern Pacific Rail- roll in one year. The trouble lies road, estimates that, counting men, in the fact that our missionary pro- women and children, 250,000 of gram has been developed around these people are supported in this

WHAT DO YOU KNOW ABOUT THE MEXICANS?

country by. railroad work. The their home and their last '!rust with railroads claim that they are the a friend. Juan Garcia therefore best laborers available, being able "visits" with a relative or an acto withstand the extreme heat of quaintance until he gets a job the desert and willing to do without wheeling concrete or digging with argument what they are told. Also pick and shovel. And when the they are willing to live in box-cars, crop which recruited him again or cement section houses, and to needs his services, he is reported work for $2.60 per day. missing.

But both railroads and agricul- Since the quota law of 1924, turists are constantly losing their Mexicans are found in ever-in- A MEXICAN HOME IN BELVEDERE Mexican laborers to the industries creasing number outside the southin the large cities. Very frequently west. The Interdenominational Juan Garcia is out of a job, and Council on Spanish-speaking Work, when he has no work he inevitably a subsidiary of the Home Missions drifts to the city. Although a Council, is conducting a questionfarmer he gravitates to the metro- naire survey of this phase of the politan area for three reasons. He problem. It has been discovered is natural1y gregarious, he is sure that there are two main groups of to have a relative in the city, and Mexicans. The first is made up of he has learned that if worst comes those laborers who have been reto worst, charity is better organ- cruited by the sugar beet comized to care for him there than in panies and who are to be found in the country. Mexicans will share Kansas, Nebraska, Idaho, Wyo-

ming, Michigan and Ohio. The sec- zumas, they introduced the feudal ond group is about the Great system of Europe. The economic Lakes, where Mexicans are em- order which they displaced had ployed in the various foundries, been largely communistic. Land factories, steel mills and automo- belonged to the Emperor and was bile manufacturies. There are held by individuals only in trust. about 30,000 in Chicago, and Illi- Failure to till the ground was nois last year was the fourth state looked upon as a social sin because in declaration of destination on the it removed from production part part of incoming Mexicans. of the patrimony of the tribe. Con- tinual disuse of the land meant that In this lively competition for it would be taken away and aslabor, the beet growers hold the signed to another. . bag. The work they offer is irregular, requires child labor, provides The Spaniards introduced priinadequate housing conditions and vate ownership of land in vast poor pay. As a result it is only the estates. Such expeditions as those first-year Mexican who is found of Cortez were financed out of pristooping over the beet fields. As vate capital, and it was understood soon as he becomes sophisticated that the backers were to be reimhe slips through the fingers of the bursed out of the spoils of the consugar company and gets a job in quest. To Cortez himself was given Detroit, Pontiac, or Chicago. an estate which covered 25,000 square miles, while to even the In the last-named city there is a colony of about 1,500 Mexicans humblest foot-soldier in the ranks supported by work in the foundry a princely donation of land was of the General Motors Corporation. Most of them were recruited by the made. It must be admitted that beet companies; all of them are permanent additions to the indus- the Spanish were interested in wintrial ranks. They do the hottest ning the Indians from paganism, work, the dirtiest work, and they earn on the average $4.50 per day. but it was thought that the easiest But there is no "season" in such way to accomplish this noble aim work, for the foundry runs night was to assign responsibility to each and day. In fact, a woman keeping a rooming house for Mexican landholder for the people living "solos" went to the employment officer and requested that certain upon his estate. So there was not men be transferred from one shift a large hacienda in all Mexico to another so that she could keep which did not have its private her beds continuously occupied! chapel. In order wisely to prepare his brief, the hypothetical friend of the But human nature is human na- Mexican must understand some- ture, and the land-owners were far thing of the background from more interested in making their which this strange laborer comes. tenants dig irrigation ditches, build For more than three centuries he houses and plant corn, than they has been it slave in everything but were in laboring for their souls' the name. When the Spaniards salvation. They earned on an averconquered the empire of the Monte- age twenty-five centavo8 a day and were housed in hovels, shacks and holes in the ground. Moreover they could not leave the land upon which they labored until they discharged their debt to their patron-a feat

which under the circumstances was the various evangelical bodies are impossible. doing among the Mexicans – and When the fires of revolution succeeds about as well as such or- blazed out under Madero in 1910, ganizations usually succeed. To- less than ten per cent of the people day there are not less than 24,000 owned all of the land. The revolu- Protestant Mexicans in the United tion had as its background igno- States, not counting Sunday-school rance, disease, squalor, slavery, scholars or that large group of ad- superstition, and practically all of herents who for social reasons are their ills-social, economic, spirit- unwilling to declare themselves.

ual, the Mexicans have owed to the The Mexicans who have come in- land system. Disease came from to this country present a rare op- malnutrition and poor housing; portunity for evangelistic effort.

ignorance from the fact that the landed aristocracy thought the common people as little worthy of education as the oxen and the bur- ros with which they labored.

Out of this welter have come a million and three quarter of these people t6 live among us-about one fifth of all the Spanish-speak- ing people of the country. We fumigate and vaccinate and inocu- late at the border, thinking to protect ourselves from Mexican ill- health; but nobody has ever yet been wise enough to work out a system of vaccination or inocula- tion, like a shot in the arm, which can be given to a Mexican which SU NDAY SCHOOL L'i 'J'HI~ B[PERJAL will protect us from the social and VALLE'i-!'IO'J'E 'I'lU; }IIGRANT BABY OH GAN the moral ills from which Mexicans suffer. This is the task of the Rooted to the soil for centuries, school, the community house and they have at last cut the ties which the church, but it is a task which have bound them. They have left cannot be accomplished in a day. their homes, their kinsfolk, their Sufficiently heartening is it to real- work, their old environment. Co- ize that these brown-faced boys and incident with this change there is a girls, with an ancestry of three cen- dissatisfaction with the old life and turies of ignorance behind them, all its conditions. With a frank are keeping fair pace with OUT and open attitude toward new Anglo-Saxon children. And the old things in a new country, they are hovels and shacks of the Mexican also open to a new philosophy of colonies of a decade ago are giving life. But the opportunity is one place to neat, tlower- and vine-cov- which will brook no tarrying. The ered houses. Mexican people in the United States The Interdenominational Coun- are casting themselves, plastic, re- cil on Spanish-speaking Work seeks sponsive, into a new mould. The to coordinate and regulate in the Church has the chance to say what interests of comity the work which· form that mould shall take.

AND PROGRESS IN PORTO

BY C. MANLY MORTON Professor in the Evangelical Seminary oj Porto Rico PORTO RICO is one of the new- character which the average young er fields for evangelical Chris- man does not have. I want more tianity. Thirty years ago of them." The evangelical min- there was not a single Protestant istry is looked to for leadership in church on the island. Today there every forward movement for social, are more than two hundred organ- moral, and spiritual betterment.

ized churches, besides many unor- The Commissioner of Education of ganized preaching points, with a Porto Rico, when congratulated on total membership of more tha.n the remarkable progress of his de- twenty thousand. An even more partment, replied that he did not significant fact is that for several feel that even his many and good years the mission boards have been schools were making the contribu- able rapidly to reduce the number tion to Porto Rico that the Protes- of missionaries until· today no tant ministers scattered over the board has more than one mission- island were making. The Chief ary in general evangelistic work, Justice of the Supreme Court of in addition to teachers and physi. Porto Rico, in a public address, cians. One of the largest missions said that he considered that each has recently selected a Porto Rican one of the many and difficult prob- as superintendent of its evangelis- lems now before the people of Porto tic work. Another mission has no Rico was in the last analysis a re- American mIssIonary connected Iigious problem, and that the young with it in any capacity. Not a ministers were doing the one thing single church on the island is in that could solve the problems. The charge of a missionary pastor. The Judge of the Federal Court of churches are rapidly working to- Porto Rico told the President of wards self-government and self- the Evangelical Seminary that he support. is now convinced that not the Within less than thirty years, the courts, nor even education as he evangelical churches have come to formerly had believed, but the kind occupy a place of influence alto- of work being done through the gether out of proportion to their Seminary and through its grad- numerical strength. Being a Prot- uates was the only hope for the fu- estant is looked upon in most quar- ture.

ters as an asset. A prominent Of course there are many ele- government official, himself a Ro- ments entering into such a victory man Catholic, recently appealed to as this. The one, however, which the Protestant ministers to send the writer feels to be of greatest him young men to work in his de- importance is the spirit of coopera- partment. In the course of the tion and unity which has more or appeal he said, "The most reliable, less characterized the work from trus"tworthy, ·efficien.t men I get the beginning, but which has arisen come from the evangelical churches. to a place of dominant importance They seem to have a strength of during the past ten years. This 188 has enabled the e van gel i c a I ily interested in one great cause. churches to pre!'icnt a !'iolid front No bw;iness is transacted. It is and to conserve and usc many of strictly a time of communion and their forces which, under ordinary inspiration. conditions of rivalry and competition, would have been lost. The Protestant churches own and operate one of the most mod- Zones of Activity ern printing establishments in Porto Rico. They issue a sixteen The island is divided into zones to twenty-four page weekly journal of activity, and each mission is of religion which ranks as the neatgiven a special field with the re- est, most attractive, best edited sponsibility of developing it. There periodical of its kind in the Spanish has been practically no overlap- language. This has taken the place ping. The local church is usually of the several little denominational known by its location instead of by papers which were formerly pubits denominational connections. lished. It is a pUblication which The feeling is fine. The spirit of can be placed in the public libraries "the second mile" has more often or handed to the best people with predominated than has the con- the consciousness that it will make trary. A simple illustration will a good impression. A notable fact serve to demonstrate the spirit in is that more than half of its subwhich this territorial agreement scribers are not members of the has been carried out. Some years evangelical churches. ago, the Presbyterian Church transferred a small portion of its The Evangelical Seminary territory to the Disciples of Christ, who were geographically better But without doubt the greatest able to take care of it. The only single factor in the development of hitch in the negotiations came in the evangelical cause in Porto Rico connection with the transfer of the is The Evangelical Seminary. This three modern concrete church institution was established in 1919 buildings which the Presbyterians to carry forward and enlarge the had erected. The Presbyterians in- work formerly done by the various sisted on giving the three buildings denominational training schools to the Disciples free of charge, for ministers. Seven denominawhile the Disciples insisted on pay- tions-Baptist, Christian, Congreing for them! It was a desire to gational, Disciples of Christ, Meth- "give" rather than to "get" which odist, Presbyterian, and United characterized each one. Brethren – cooperate in its man- agement and support. The faculty The dangers which the isolation is composed of a president and four of divisions of territory brings are full-time professors, one of whom overcome by the Interdenomina- is a native son of Porto Rico and a tional Conference which is held graduate of the Seminary. No two each summer. From 150 to 200 are from the same denomination. workers from all of the denomina- Each student receives the same tions come together in June for a training as all the rest. The spirit week of study, fellowship and in- of the institution is thoroughly spiration. In these gatherings, evangelistic, its viewpoint is Cristodenominational lines are forgotten. centric, its methods are modern, its The group becomes one great fam- intellectual and spiritual standards

are exacting. The Latin American protection and encouragement. It is cultured, idealistic, and intel- is the logical and only place for the lectually strong. The mini"ter who two great cultures of the new world successfully appeals to them mUBt to become welded into that endur- have these qualities plus a faith ing friendship based upon under- and spiritual power to make him a standing and good will, which can real leader. and will stand the stress of sus- The Evangelical Seminary of picion, commercial rivalry, political Porto Rico is the largest institution blundering, and intentional mis- of its kind in all Latin America, representation. Columbia Univer- and it is the only one giving a sity recognized the strategic im- standard bachelor in theology de- portance of Porto Rico when it es- gree. It is located just across the tablished here its School of Trop- street from the University of Porto ical Medicine. Boston University Rico, and works in complete har- recognized it when it gave its co- mony and cooperation with that in- operation in developing here a stitution which is rapidly moving School of Commerce. Charles toward its ideal of becoming a Evan HUghes recognized it when great Inter-American University. he accepted the chairmanship of a The students of the Seminary and special committee organized in the University mingle in the class New York for the purpose of rais- rooms and on the campus, and one ing a huge endowment fund for of the finest pieces of work being The University of Porto Rico. The done on the island is that of the Evangelical Seminary wishes to do quiet influence of these student con- for the spiritual life of the Amer- tacts. icas that which these other institu- The Seminary draws its students tions and agencies are doing for from all parts of Porto Rico, and the scientific, commercial, diplo- from Cuba, Santo Domingo and matic, and purely cultural life.

Venezuela. Its graduates go to Two of the big reasons why every section of the Caribbean Protestant Christianity has not region, as well as to many other made more progress in Latin lands parts of the world. Already it has are: first, the lack of unity, and five men in Cuba, five in Santo second, the fact that the message Domingo, five in Venezuela, two in has usually been cast in an Anglo- Columbia, one in Central America, Saxon theological mould which the three in Spanish work in New York Latin mind neither cares for nor City, and more than one hundred understands. Porto Rico has only in important pastorates in Porto 3,400 square miles of territory.

Rico. There are constantly on file Into that it has crowded a million calls for prepared men from other and a half men, women, and chil- sections of Latin America, which dren. Under these conditions, peo- cannot be filled. ple have to work in harmony and Porto Rico is the only place in understanding. Here evangelical the world where both English and Christianity is trying out many ex- Spanish are official, cur r e n t I Y periments. Here it is looking deep spoken, languages. It is the only into its own soul in a noble effort place where the two ciVilizations, really to find itself in relation to Spanish and Anglo-Saxon, live side the supreme task of revealing by side under conditions of equal Christ to a Latin people.

S(J:I!E OF THE PEACE CARAVANERS SEN'l' OUT DURING THE SUMMER OF

UNDER THE RED AND BLACK STAR The Story oj a Remarkable Humanitarian Service BY ANNA L. CURTIS Publicity Secreta,J'Y of the AlnCric(f~n F1'icJlds Sen;ice CQnlmHtce T HE American Friends' Serv- population of France and Belgium, ice Committee was organized the first man in the field, it is said, June I, 1917, by the Quakers wearing the same arm-band or of the United States-the Relig- brassard that his father had worn ious Society of Friends. They col- in similar service in the same land lected $5,000, chose Rufus Jones as forty-two years before. chairman, borrowed Haverford American Friends gave much College as a summer training help to the English at this time, school, and called upon the young but did not organize in a national men of the Society who preferred way for the work until the United constructive to destructive work, to States also entered the war. In the volunteer for relief and reconstruc- ten years after 1917, the American tion in the devastated districts of wearers of the red and black star France. The eight-pointed red and made their way to every corner of black service star of the Quakers suffering Europe-over 900 Amerihad already been worn in France can men and women, mostly young by English Friends in 1872, and members of the Society of Friends, twenty years later in Bulgaria and laboring always in closest coopera- Russia. Three weeks after the war tion with the English Friends and broke out in 1914, English Friends their other hundreds of workers. began relief work among the civil In both America and England, 191

the Quaker work touched popular vided paying work for the women :'lympathy. People of every nationality, religion and political opinion during the long winter houn;, esgave money and goods to the Friends, the American Committee tablished an orphanage (liquidated alone receiving in ten years' time over $12,000,000 in cash, and a still in 1929), and an agricultural larger sum in clothing, seed, food supplies, drugs, etc. school (recently turned over to the Help was given without regard Polish Government). to religion, or politics, or nationality. The kind of relief given, of In 1919, the Friends reached course, was dictated by the particular need. In France, thousands Austria and Germany, there to find of shell-damaged houses were repaired and hundreds of new cot- the problem of terrible malnutritages built, while their occupants were provided with clothing, beds, tion, affecting hundreds of thouutensils, seed, rabbits, fowls, for beginning life again. Temporary sands of children with rickets or children's homes were conducted and a maternity hospital was tuberculosis. The Friends bought founded, the last being later endowed as a permanent gift to cows and milk from the countries France. In Belgium, similar work for children was done. which had once been a part of Aus- In Russia, thousands of Polish tria, but are now no longer and refugees were aided and, during the famine years, several hundred became the iargest milk distribthousand Russian peasants were fed and probably saved from death utors in Austria. They trained and by starvation, while a children's clinic, nursing service, and model sent out traveling teachers of hyfarm demonstrated in the famine area a better way of living. Suf- giene who taught children and fering Serbia received new homes, clothing, food, and medical service. adults in the most remote parts of At one time, the only medical help for 80,000 people was that of the the country how to avoid tubercu- Quakers. In Poland, after the war, the Friends hauled timber for new losis. homes, supplied food, clothing, tools, sheep, and seeds ($100,000 In Germany, two periods of worth of the latter in one shipment). The Quaker anti-typhus child-feeding were carried on. Durunit at one gateway from Russia, by which were pouring in the re- ing the first, the Quakers cooperturning refugees, helped to save Europe from the threat of typhus ated with a committee in the which came with them. They pro- United States under Mr. Hoover's leadership; during the second, with a similar committee headed by General Allen. In all, over 2,- 000,000 children received a supple- mentary meal in school, for periods varying from a month to a year.

This child-feeding work was chiefly a concern of the United States.

But, through the English Friends mainly, much help was also given to students, old people and families in distress, in both Germany and Austria. .

In all these countries, the physi- cal relief and reconstruction work done has proved to be, instead of a work complete in itself, the basis for a far greater task-that of openly and officially aiding in the spiritual reconstruction of the land.

As a logical result of the relief work, the Friends have established Good-will Centers in Moscow, War-

UNDER THE RED AND BLACK STAR

saw, Vienna, Berlin, Paris, and the Hospital near Moscow. The Quak- Wodd Capital, Geneva, from which ers are now oooperating, by request to carryon a further program of of the Russian Department of faith and works. In each country, Health in establishing a children's the centers are in touch with native clinic, and are to send two more leaders in peace, religious and so- nurses to train young Russi!j.n cial work. Their rooms are used women in the work. The Paris for conferences on every forward- Center has given impetus to some looking question. Travelers are notable prison work in France, in- brought into touch with the life teresting a large and influential and institutions of other countries. group in probation work and pris- Lectures on international subjects on reform under the name of Com- are frequent and the entire effort mittee for Study and Action is to try to help' individuals and toward the Diminution of Crime.

groups to a better understanding The maternity hospital at Chalons, of other countries, or of other which the Friends established as groups in their own country. part of their war work, has since The aim is the same in all; but been endowed as a permanent me- the specific 'activities, aside from morial in France. Two things dis- those above-mentioned, vary great- tinguish it, its remarkably low ly. In Paris, Berlin, and Frankfort death-rate and the fact that the are student clubs, where students nurses' aides come from several of several different nationalities different countries. They are come together for social gather- young women who gladly give a ings or friendly discussions of vital year to this international service.

questions. At the Vienna Center, All the centers work in closest nearly 200 young people, mostly cooperation, collecting valuable in- still in the teens, similarly meet in formation, exchanging articles in eight or nine club-groups for study, newspapers and periodicals, ar- social periods, and, above all, to ranging conferences between na- catch the international viewpoint. tionals of different countries. The The Geneva Center has a Student Berlin and Warsaw Centers, for in- Hostel, primarily for the accommo- stance, brought about the first con- dation of post-graduate research ferences between Germans and students, and the fifteen or eight- Poles held after the war. The Ge- een who are there 'during a year neva Center also has done much to are drawn from five or six differ- bring into cooperation for joint ac- ent countries. Two yearly scholar- tion and mutual information serv- ships for study in Geneva are given ice the seventy-odd international to teachers of history in Quaker organizations which now center in schools or colleges. Geneva.

In Poland, the Peasant Indus- In 1928, the American Friends'

tries Scheme has provided women Service Committee extended its with weaving and embroidery work work to Japan, cooperating with to do during the winter months, another Quaker organization to the products being sold mainly in send to Tokyo a young couple England and the United States. In whose sole business is to help cre- Russia, two Friends are taking ate a better understanding between public health work as their service, Japan and the United States. They and are working in the Botkinsky work with several schools, are in 3

touch with leaders of liberal move- are ready to spread the Gospel of ments, and are sending home for Peace in churches, before Rotary publication a series of most in- or Kiwanis Clubs, or in summer forming and helpful articles on the schools. They teach boys' and country. Giving much time to the girls' camps the games and folk- study of the language, history, and songs of other lands, or tell tales customs, they hope they are laying of far-away children to Sunday- the foundations for intelligent schools and Daily Vacation Bible peace-making. Schools. In the summer of 1927, India, too, is now to be touched there were eight teams; in 1928, by the Service Committee. (Eng- eleven; in 1929, twelve, each work- lish Friends, of course, have long ing in a different part of the coun- been working there.) The great try.

Indian poet, Rabindranath Tagore, The Youth Peace Declamation has established a social and educa- Contests are intended to bring the tional settlement in Santiniketan international idea to children from in the Bengal district. Here young nine to fifteen years of age. Be- people are given full academic cause of the difficulty of finding training, or instruction in arts and selections suitable for such con- crafts, while a full program of tests, a book of peace recitations health and social work for the near- and stories, "Peace Crusaders,"

by villages is being built up. In was compiled, especially for the 1929, Tagore asked the help of use of contestants. During the first Friends, and the Service Commit- year, ending November, 1929, over tee has responded by sending a 500 contests were held all over the young doctor and his wife, a prac- United States, and medals awarded tical nurse, to take charge of this the winners. In several cases, health work. ·"Here at Santinike- through the interest of school su- tan," writes the young man, "is the perintendents, the schools of an en- place where the most is being done tire county participated.

to bring about an understanding Education through the press is a between the East and the West." very important part of the Service The war called the attention of Committee's work. Short and in- Friends, as of other peace-loving teresting articles and items which people, to the great lack of definite carry the international spirit are education in the United States for prepared weekly for editors, over international friendliness and un- 200 of whom in a dozen different derstanding. The Service Commit- states are now using the material.

tee is undertaking to do its share Another similar series is sent to in this needed work. Probably the teachers, club leaders, and others.

most dramatic educational activity The list of subscribers to this free thus far sponsored by American service is steadily growing, and Friends is that carried on by the now includes the Mexican Minister Peace Caravans-college students of Education, who has the articles who spend their summer vacations translated into Spanish and dis- traveling about by auto, in groups tributes them to the Mexican of two young men, or three girls, schools.

and speaking on peace wherever During 1929, two important they get the chance. Carefully peace conferences were sponsored trained before they start out, they by the Service Committee. One, for

future religious leaders, was at- four years have thus worked in tended by over 200 theological stu- schools for Negroes or Indians; in dentH, young miniHterH, Christian institutions for delinquent boys and Association Hecretaries, student girls; in city social settlements leaders, etc., with such leaders as and the settlements of the Ken- E. Stanley Jones, Bruce Curry, and tucky Mountains; at Ellis Island, Sherwood Eddy. For three days and in similar places. During 1928, they discussed the problems of child feeding and medical work war's challenge to Christianity. were done, and some other relief The other conference brought to- given during the coal strike in the gether about forty editors of re- Barnesboro District of Pennsylligious papers, their problems vania. being those of conscience and the state, our best defense in view of Similar work was begun in Marthe Kellogg Pact, etc. ion, N. C., in November, 1929. Here, in the textile district of the Peace work among our Negro South, the class bitterness and anpopulation is relatively as impor- tagonism could hardly be greater, tant as among the whites, and the while the mill laborers and their American Inter-racial Peace Com- families are living in conditions mittee is the joint effort of the which are destructive to home life, Friends and of representative and child labor is a commonplace. American Negroes to enlist the ac- As a result of the strike against tive support of the colored people long hours and low wages, many and to increase mutual understand- families are destitute, and the Soing between the two races. Organ- cial Service Section of the Federal ized in June, 1928, the Committee Council of Churches has invited the has already done much valuable Service Committee to cooperate work from its headquarters in the with it in much-needed relief work, Service Committee office. Public tbe Friends to administer the readdresses, mass meetings, news re- lief. Food, clothing, and medical leases, and educational work service are to be given for three among colored ministers, teachers, months at least, the hope being that and children are the chief methods a solution of the difficulties may be employed. found during that time.

The chasms of misunderstanding All this Home Service work, between different groups in the whether institutional or of the sosame country are often nearly as called emergency type, will help the wide as those between different nation grow in its ability to solve countries. Also, there is an in- its social problems. The young spiration in service for the sake of people who take part in such work service alone, which comes in no will have gained by experience a other way. For these two reasons, broadening knowledge of the conthe American Friends' Service ditions underlying racial and class Committee encourages young peo- conflicts and other problems affectple to volunteer for a year, or for ing public welfare. Through such a summer vacation, in some form constructive service, the Friends of ill-paid service to their fellow- believe that they are helping to demen in this country. Nearly 200 velop the patriotism of peace and young people in the last three or good will among men.

LIGHT ON THE FIRST MISSION-

ARY FROM AMERICA To THE EDITOR OF THE MISSIONARY John Levering was the first male REVIEW OF THE WORLD:- native born American to go as an BETHLEHEM, PA., Jan. 13, 1930. ordained missionary to foreign lands. In the January issue of THE MIS- SIONARY REVIEW Dr. Otis Cary In 1769, John Antes, born March raises the question as to who was 24, 1740, near Philadelphia, sailed the first missionary to sail from for Cairo, Egypt, where because of America, and comes to the conclu- his missionary activities, he sufsion that this honor belongs to fered the tortures of the bastinado Erasmus Schmidt, who sailed from which made him lame for life..

New York in 1803. The list can be extended indefi- If you are interested in following nitely. All these cited were native the matt~r further, I may report born American missionaries. Many that between 1746 and 1805 no less more, who came to Bethlehem, than seventeen native-born Ameri- Peimsylvania, from various councan Moravian foreign missionaries tries of Europe, were sent forth were sent out from Bethlehem, from the Moravian settlement as Pennsylvania, sailing either from foreign missionaries many years before the American Board or any Philadelphia or New York. other Protestant Mission Board May 18, 1746, George Kaske and was organized. .his wife, Susan Elizabeth Kaske, maiden name Funk, who was born It will be noted that "The Soin Germantown, Pa., November CIety of the United Brethren for 18, 1721, sailed for Berbicein Propagating the Gospel among the Demerara (British Guiana), South Heathen," which is the incorpo- America. To Susan Elizabeth rated missionary society of the Kaske belongs the honor of being Moravian Church in America, was the first native-born (her husband originally organized in 1745, reorwas born in Germany) Protestant ganized in 1787, and chartered by American missionary to foreign the Legislature of Pennsylvania in lands. She went to the mission field 1788, a quarter of a century before sixty-six years before Adoniram the American Board Was chartered Judson and his wife, Ann Hassel- by the Legislature of Massachutine, sailed for India February 19, setts, although the latter is usually styled the first American mission- 1812. ary society. The Moravian "S. P. G." has never had occasion to ap- In October, 1747, Joseph and ply for any amendment to its char- Mary Heap Shaw sailed from Phil- ter granted in 1788, and has been adelphia to work among the negro carrying on missionary work uninslaves on the island of St. Thomas, terruptedly for 142 years. then Danish West Indies. Very sincerely yours, In February, 1759, John and Sarah Bechtel Levering sailed for PAUL DE SCHWEINITZ, Jamaica to work among the negro slaves on that island. Secretary of Moravian Missions.

196

"THE NECESSITY THAT IS LAID UPON US"

BY REV. HUGH THOMSON KERR, D.D.

Pn.stor of the Shadyside Presbyterian Church, PittsburghJ Pa..

SPEAKING at the tenth anni- and finds its way to establish clin- versary of the League of Na- ics and hospitals in cities and vil- tions Union the former Prime lages that still listen to the rythmic Minister of Great Britain, Mr. music of the tom-tom. In all these Stanley Baldwin, who is one of the overflowings of the moral barrier outstanding Christian statesmen of we rejoice and say, "It is well." our generation, in paying tribute Do we feel the same way about to the growing goodwill of the religion? Do we have the same world said: "The moral boun- angle on religion that we have on daries of nations no longer match potatoes and beans and oil and necessarily with their political and tobacco and pickles? We have a physical boundaries." He went on sense of pride that we can export to say that these moral boundaries our goods, our books, our steel, our "overflow and so all forms of in- meat, our fruit, our culture. Do we ternational cooperation are spring- feel the same way about our reing up today in the most unex- ligion? Have we any religion to pected places." An example of export? Perhaps you say we need what he means is the League of all the religion. we can produce Nations Union itself, and also the right here. Yes, and perhaps we Kellogg Pact, which we trust is to need all the education, the culture, be a bond of world-wide goodwill. and medical science right here at The will to peace is not confined home. How did the great apostle, to any frontier. America cannot the first great foreign missionary, be bounded by any physical lines who was an intense nationalist and of latitude or longitude. The ideas one of the sanest men feel about it? and ideals which are born and have He tells us how he felt. He felt their habitation in America do not passionately about it. He felt that ask permission to pass through exporting religion was the greatest any customs house in the world. If business of his life and if he were the seaport is closed the air route here today he would say that autois still open. Trade and commerce mobiles and engines and steel-proddo not wait until diplomats are ucts and the by-products of coal satisfied as to what goods should and aluminum and gymnasiums be bartered. One can find Stand- and colleges and psychology were ard Oil and Virginia tobacco and poor things indeed to send out in Pittsburgh pickles in the heart of comparison with religion. He was China. The passion for education a Jew, a Hebrew of the Hebrews leaps all obstacles and erects its in- and yet he said "Necessity is laid stitutions on the carefully guarded upon me, for woe is unto me if I Bosphorus, on the Mediterranean preach not the Gospel." And then Sea and on the banks of the Nile. he goes on to say, in this same The glory of the medical profes- piece ot passionate eloquence "I sion is that it knows no barriers have a stewardship entrusted to of race, religion, or nationality me and though I was free from all 197

men I brought myself under bond- other so far as that was concerned.

age to all that I might gain the Dr. Jowett, the Master of Balliol, more; and to the Jews I became was once asked by a young inquir- a Jew that I might gain the Jews; ing student what he thought about to the weak I became weak that I God. He replied "That is a very might gain the weak. I am become unimportant question; all that all things to all men that I may by signifies is what God thinks about all means save some." me." There you have in a nut-shell Religion is either everything or all that is really worth-while about it is nothing. It is either first or religion. What you and I think it is nowhere. It is either the best about God, what Edison and Dar- thing in the world or the worst win, Einstein and Clarence Darrow thing in the world, as suggested by and Mencken think about God the Soviet government that holds matters nothing. What the Bud- that religion is the opiate of the dhists and Mohammedans and Hin- people. Paul felt that it was every- dus think about God is of little or thing and so necessity was laid no consequence. What they think, upon him to give his religion uni- is, €lf course, interesting and re- versality. Why did he feel this flects the result of a long search; way? Was ne eccentric? Was he hut the great, all-consuming ques- a fanatic? He was all these and tion of importance is "What does yet he was the sanest and coolest God think of us?" In other words of men who measured his words by has God made himself known? If the sacrifice of his life. Why did not-then we are still feeling out he feel this way? after Him if haply we may find 1. The Necessity of a Priceless Him. We do not know.

Possession. He felt this way be- But Paul knew. He was sure.

cause he looked upon his religion He knew that God had made it as something unique and priceless. known in certain stupendous acts He had something other people did such as the birth of Jesus Christ, not have, and he was restless to His sinless life and conscience-com- share it with them. He knew some- pelling teaching, His death on the thing they did not know and he cross and His resurrection in living was impatient to tell them. His power. It may be interesting to soul burned within him like fire. know what others think about God He could not keep it. It was better but it is vital to know what God than gems or gold. He knew a thinks about us. In other words, secret about God. All over the we do not hunger for the result of world men talked about God but man's discovery; we crave God's were not sure. They argued and revelation and unless God tells us debated. They erected altars and about himself we must, like all the offered sacrifices. They differed as generations before us, lose our way to whether it was on that mountain in darkness and silence. Paul knew or on this that God should be wor- what God thought about man and shipped. They disagreed as to his so he wished to share with all men name and as to his nature. He was this priceless treasure. This was not concerned about diffusing the the Gospel and it was this inspir- ideas which men had ditlcovered ing motive which sent him over for themselves about God. One sea and land proclaiming the evan- man's opinion was as good as an- gel of Jesus. This was the neces-

sity that lay upon the soul of this heart was made for God and is great missionary pioneer. restless till it finds its rest in Him.

II. The Necessity of Unsatisfied My faith burns low, my hope burns Need. Then, too, the hunger of the world was there. He could not get low Only my heart's desire cries out in away from that. Peopie every- me.

where wanted to know. People By the deep thunder of its want and woe were feeling out after God. In the Cries out to Thee. streets of Athens Paul found an altar to the Unknown God. He III. The Necessity of Unparallel never got that altar out of his mind. He could not get away from Success. Paul had tasted success. He that eloquent appeal. It was a was not a raw recruit. He was not revelation of a religious hunger being commissioned for foreign that found no satisfaction in all the philosophers' search after God. mission service for the first time. It is still true. The world is everywhere filled with altars where we This is not his inauguration adburn incense. to the gods we cannot name. There are innumerable dress;' this is his mature convicaltars burning a strange fire in America. A trip to the Orient or tion. He had had twenty years of in America will make your heart bleed, if you have a heart, when the Christian life when these words you see the empty rituals and the were written. He had had ten years at least of aggressive misheart hunger of the millions. sionary service. He was not home Throughout the world that need even on his first furlough. He had is becoming eloquent. We read been over the ground. He had that the progressive, modern, little tramped the hills of Asia Minor and traversed the high seas. He republic of Uruguay down in South knew the difficulties and could have outlined those difficulties better America, feeling out after some- than any of his critics. He had sufthing to satisfy, is burning incense fered for his faith. He had been stoned and shipwrecked and imupon the altar of secularism. Holy prisoned and laughed at in the Week has been changed to Touring college circles in Athens but he had seen enough, he had tasted the Week. Sunday is a holiday and fruit of victory, he had seen the Gospel at work. He had first hand Christmas has become "Family evidence and knowing everything Day." And the hungry sheep look he was impatient to be up and out up and are not fed. Man cannot and at his work of evangelism.

live by bread alone and if the soul Again and again he draws a con- is starved there is tragedy. Paul trast in his letters between what knew the need of the heart of the men were before the Gospel came world. Do we know it? And are to them and what they became we blind enough to think that the afterwards, a sort of "Before and peoples of the lands beyond and After" photograph. Here is one of our own land are going to be of his photographs. He draws this satisfied with victrolas and auto- striking parallel: "Be not de- mobiles and radios and electric ceived; neither fornicators nor lights and frigidaire? It is still adulterers nor idolators nor ef- true, as it has ever been, that the fiminate, nor thieves, nor covetous,

nor drunkards, nor revilers, nor message of Christ were brought to extortioners, nor such like shall Korea did the women find theminherit the kingdom of God. And selves to have intrinsic values." such were some of you." That is one photograph. Here is the other: Success and victory and triumph lay necessity uppn us to preach the "But ye were washed, but ye Gospel for it is still the power of were sanctified, but ye were justi- God unto salvation. Still as of old fied in the name of the Lord Jesus we sing Christ and in the Spirit of our God." Far, far away, like bells at evening pealing, These contrasts are multiplied since those far-away days. Every The voice of Jesus sounds o'er photograph of a mission school is land and sea; eloquent in such contrast. Every mission station, every Christian And laden souls, by thousands meekhome, every little Christian child ly stealing, in China, in Japan, in India presents just such a picture. There Kind Shepherd, turn their weary rises before 'my vision a picture of steps to Thee. the Christian families over against the pagan life of the Orient. I can IV. The Neces8ity of the Preserclose my eyes and see in a little 'vation of Personality. There re- Japanese Church father and moth- mains this to be said: Paul could er and three Japanese girls all not side-step this necessity without dressed in spotless garments, hymn peril to his soul. There is such a book in hand, the light of God in thing as the disintegration of pertheir faces, singing of the Christ sonality. I think it was this of who threw open the gate of new which Paul was afraid. Having the life to them. truth, knowing the truth, seeing the need, if he refused the call Among all the discussions that there was for him no longer any took place at the Jerusalem Mis- haven of salvation, of honor, of sionary Conference the one dealing duty, of truth. I think this was with what Christ has done for what he was thinking of when he women a:pd children interested me said "Woe is me if I preach not most. In one such discussion group the Gospel. Necessity is laid upon three women spoke, one for China, me." To save himself he must go one for Japan, and one for Korea. forth and fulfill his obligation. It Speaking for China Miss Tseng was by coming back from his long said "China is in her present state flight into the wilderness and facbecause we have neglected our ing Jezebel that Elijah won his women so long. No nation can rise right to have his soul. It was by above its women. Christ has given his return from his experience out women life, soul, and the way to in the sea to face the duty that come to God." Speaking for Japan called him to Nineveh that Jonah Mrs. Kubushiro said: "In Japan was saved from moral disaster. It no religion, native or imported- is by losing our life that we save except Christianity- has ever it. The army that goes into winter given women the place of a per- quarters is beaten when spring son." Speaking for Korea, Miss comes. The Church that draws its Kim said "Only when the life and robes of ritual about it is dead. The Christian who, knowing Christ and His power to meet the world's needs, folds his hands is more

OUR SPIRITUAL INCOME

than a traitor. To save himself, for the Gospel's sake in order to to keep from disintegration, to secure my own share in it. I thereavoid being lost Paul could not fore so run as not uncertainly, so escape the necessity that was laid fight I not as one that beateth the upon him. He would lose his soul air but I beat and buffet my body if he did not move out in the path -my selfish self-lest by any of duty. He would slip from his means after I have preached to high place of being a Christian other people I myself should be a personality and become mere drift- cast-away." Think of the tragedy "I myself a cast-away," the Gospel wood. He would become like Judas, going on and on and on to victory a traitor, whose only destiny was to go out alone into the night. and "I myself a cast-away." The moment the Church turns its back This is his argument and this is upon the missionary enterprise that very moment darkness covers what he meant. And if you will the earth, and that moment too, follow through his words you will the Church.

see how passionately the necessity burned in his soul. "I do all things OUR SPIRITUAL INCOME BY M. A. McWILLIAMS 1 N ARTICLE in the January Oh, the depth of the riches both of I l . number of the MISSIONARY the wisdom and knowledge of God! Rom. 11: 33. REVIEW* speaks of "living beyond our spiritual income" and The riches of his grace wherein he of the "apparent spiritual poverty abounded toward us in all wisdom and of the American churches." It prudence. Eph. 1: 7-8. might be well to point out the rich stores at our disposal. Preach the unsearchable riches of Christ. Eph. 3: 8. An income is the gain derived or our revenue from any effort or in- My God shall supply all your need vestment. "Our spiritual income," according to his riches in glory by then, is the gain which we derive Christ Jesus. Phil. 4: 19. from our service for the Lord; the revenue which we receive from the To whom God shall make known abundant nches to which we are what is the riches of the glory of the heir through Christ. mystery among the Gentiles, which is Christ in you, the hope of glory. Col. What saith the Scripture about 1: 27. them? That their hearts might be com- I will give thee hidden riches of forted, being knit together in love, and secret places, that thou mayest know unto all riches of the full assurance of that I, the Lord, which call thee by understanding, to the acknowledgment thy name, am the God of Israel. Isa. of the mystery of God, and of the Fa- 45: 3. ther, and of Christ; in whom are hid all the treasures of wisdom and knowl- Who will commit to your trust the edge. Col. 2: 2-3. true riches. Luke 16: 11 I.e. Surely there is an abundance of That he might make known the riches laid up for those who believe riches of his glory: Rom. 9: 23. in Christ. There is no need to lack spiritual income if we draw on the • By the Rev. Prot. D. J. Fleming. resources provided for us. Why,

then, should there be any "spiritual we can do nothing," and when we poverty" among those who profess not only keep in close contact with the name of Christ and who form Jesus but actually "abide in Him,"

the churches of America? then we shall have a spiritual in- May it not be pertinent to ask come ample for all our needs and ourselves whether the lack of spir- that love for others such as Christ itual income is due to self-pride had for us. "Greater love hath no which prevents our accepting the man than this, that a man lay riches provided by the Father down his life for his friends. Ye through Jesus? Unlike the prodi- are my friends if ye do whatsoever gal son who insisted on having his I command you." John 15: 13-14.

wealth and spending it in riotous It is because some love their fel- living in a far country, we do not lowmen in accordance with the ask our Father for that sustenance command of Christ to "love one which is our due as a child of His. another as I have loved you" that We nibble dry and sometimes they go out to preach, to teach, to mouldy crusts which we have nurse, to give medical attention to stored up from some spiritual feast those who know not the Saviour.

which we once attended, rather Such self-sacrificing love as this than accept our daily spiritual had Carey, Judson, Livingstone, bread from God's Word, the mes- and those who today are bringing sages given us through His serv- others to the Lord. When we think vants and through experience. Why more of the "treasures laid up in do we starve our souls in sight of heaven" than "those on earth" and the table provided us daily by the would rather "abide in Christ"

Lord? than "spend off-time at a night Then, too, as the loaves and club," then we shall have an abun- fishes multiplied in the hands of dant spiritual income and our Christ and fed a multitude, so His American churches will have spir- riches multiply as we share them itual riches beyond estimation.

with others. It is as we serve the Shall we not avail ourselves of the Lord in the home and foreign mis- resources laid up for us by the sion fields, telling others of all He Lord in such rich abundance?

has done for us and of all that He Perhaps if we more fully real- will do for them that we gain in- ized the poverty of our .own re- estimable blessings. The gain sources, we would more eagerly which we derive from service seek to avail ourselves of the riches should so increase our spiritual in- which God so amply provides for come that it will overflow to all His children. When we actually with whom we come in contact. realize that we are sinners who The difference between spirit- need a Saviour, and have had the ually minded missionary workers joyous satisfaction of knowing and those who do not have a Jesus as our personal Saviour and "warm, vital Christ life which they Elder Brother, then we shall have are eager to share" is just that the that boundless enthusiasm in soul- former "have been with Christ," winning which characterized Paul, while the latter are trying to Jive Mary Slessor, John G. Paton, and on their own resources. When we countless others who gave them- throwaway self-pride and are will- selves to the serviCe of the Lord in ing to confess that "without Christ the harvest fields of the world.

Of THE

Moving Letter from a Veteran SIONARY REVIEW has been sent with- Missionary out charge, lead us to renew the in- vitation to our subscribers to send OUR readers will understand how extra checks in order that the REVIEW deeply we are moved by the fol- can continue this blessed ministry' to lowing letter from one of the Lord's chosen ones in India: devoted missionaries both at home and abroad who cannot afford to pay for it It is forty-seven years today since my themselves. The cost of publishing the magazine is considerable and the subfirst landing in Calcutta as a missionary scription price ($2.50) is kept so low that we cannot afford to send free from Australia, and it must be quite copies unless they are covered by speforty years since I began taking the RE- cial gifts. Will not some of those who read these Jines deem it a privilege to VIEW. For many years I paid for it, and mail us checks at once? If a donor has a particular missionary in mind, at two periods it was kindly sent gratis please give name and address. Otherto me. It has always been a great help wise, we will gladly select a worthy and educator.' I can see how the REVIEW recipient.

has given me knowledge and interest in Atlantic City Conferences many countries and missions that I THE annual meetings of four inter- denominational missionary confershould not have known otherwise and do ences were held in Atlantic City in thank you very heartily and sincerely for January. The Home Missions Coun- cil and the Council of Women for this broadening of sympathy and fellow- Home Missions were held simultane- ously, January 8-11. Most of the sesship amid the isolation of work in "back sions were held separately, but there blocks" of crowded Bengal. was a joint session on the closing day. The Federation of Woman's Boards of This year has seen me disabled from Foreign Missions met January 11-14, active service; i. e., direct evangelism in and the Foreign Missions Conference of North America, January 14-17. All the villages. Although my faulty heart these conferences were largely atprevents much physical movement, I am tended. The Home Missions Council enrolled nearly 100 delegates represtill able to keep accounts, correspond, senting 24 denominations in the etc. I am hoping to be relieved by an United States, and the Foreign Mis- sions Conference 236 delegates repreefficient Bengali worker early in the New senting 65 boards and societies in the United States and Canada. A conyear, and shall then probably be booked ~iuerable numbe!' of missionaries and for Heaven or Australia, as heat and hills are now equally im{lossible to me. Probably early March will see me leave my beloved people and work, but it is quite all right as He loves them more than I do. I see more the necessity of prayer, and praise God for His great goodness, wonderful enabling, and the best life on earth (i. e., the missionary one).

The last few years small allowance and increasing cost of living have prevented my paying for any magazines, but your REVIEW and one or two Australian papers have been continued by unknown friends. for which I am exceedingly grateful, and want to thank you more than tongue can tell. May God bless you abundantly. Please accept my very loving farewell.

I shall certainly try to get subscribers for you in Australia if it is God's will for me to work there.

Y OUl'S heal'tily, representatives of allied organizations Such a letter, and many other ap- were welcomed as corresponding mem- preciative messages from devoted bers at all of the conferences, 146 at Christian workers to whom THE MIS- the Foreign Missions Conference 203

alone. The programs were full, able created fomulate common policies and addnsses were delivered, and there was free discussion of a wide range of face missionary problems in the large topics. and as they affect not merely separate The question has sometimes been raised whether these conferences denominations but the Church as a justify the expense which they involve. Travelling expenses and hotel whole. From this viewpoint, we bebills make the annual cost quite an item to boards and societies that send lieve that there is general agreement their full quotas of delegates. In addition to the expenses of the annual that these conferences are abundantly conferences referred to above, there are the budgets of their standing com- worth all they cost, and that no one mittees. For example, the annual budget of the Committee of Reference and would seriously think of abandoning Counsel of the Foreign Missions Conference is $78,486, of the Home Mis- them, although some are of the opinion sions Council $19,052, and of the International Missionary Council, $40,- that they might wisely be held bien- 000. Moreover, delegates who have attended these conferences for many nially instead of annually. The nuyears seldom hear anything new. Almost every conceivable subject has merous interdenominational conferbeen discussed many times, and the addresses are heard by experts who ences and committees that the modern really do not need them, however much they may enjoy them. Christian worker is expected to attend These criticisms, however, although often make heavy demands upon time undoubtedly just, fail to take into account that the chief value of such con- and, in the aggregate, involve considerferences dOEs not lie in addresses or resolutions, but in fellowship, in mu- able expenditure of money. But if we tual understanding, in fostering the spirit of unity and cooperation. They rightly value unity and cooperation in mean that the missionary enterprise has definitely passed out of the period the extension of the cause of Christ when each board, like the man referred to in the book of Judges, "did that and the effective application of His which was right in his own eyes," without regard to the work of other teachings to the problems of the moddenominations and with resultant overlapping, failure to use men and ern world, we should be willing to pay money to good advantage, unwise variations of policies in the same the price. A. J. B. fields, and the perpetuation of denominational spirit. Visit of General Smuts It is an enormous advantage to THE recent visit of this great statesboard officers and members who, dur- man from South Africa was a noting the year, have been thinking de- able event. It was the general opinion nominationally and planning and con- at the Peace Conference in Paris, ducting denominational wOl'k, to meet after the World War, that the three with the officers of many other boards, statesmen present who took the wisest take counsel with them, pray with and largest view of existing and prothem, and in the atmosphere thus spective problems and whose counsel, if followed, would have been of highest value to the world, were President Wilson of the United States, Prime Minister Venizelos of Greece, and Gen- eral Smuts of South Africa.

During the decade that has followed the War, General Smuts has been one of the most eloquent advocates of the League of Nations. He came to America in response to the invitation of the League of Nations Associations and several other peace organizations. He was received with distinguished honors. Crowded audiences assembled to hear him every place that he spoke. President Hoover entertained him at the White House, and both house~ of Congress took a recess to greet him. He frankly stated that he had not come to America to persuade the

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

United States to enter the League of Harding, Coolidge, and Hoover; four Secretaries of State – Root, HugheB, Nations as he felt that this waS a ques- Kellogg and StimRon; former Attion which Americans must decide for torney General George Wickersham, themselves. But he eloquently set and hundred;; of other eminent men in forth the character and achievements of the League during the ten years of both political parties have urged adits existence and recorded his full herence to the Court. The objections faith in it as an indispensable agency that were originally pressed in the United States Senate have been met for settling international disputes. by the agreement of other govern- Many Americans keenly feel that, ments to the amendments proposed by former Senator Elihu Root, and there when representatives of over fifty nations of the earth meet around the council table in Geneva to consider is general agreement that there is now how the cause of peace may be pro- no valid reason why the United States moted, the United States, the largest should not immediately give its conand most powerful nation in the world currence. President Hoover has alwhich ought to be an influential factor ready authorized the signature of our in the League, stands aloof in the com- Government to the Protocol, and nothpany of Russia and Turkey. The ex- ing now remains but the consent of the Senate. A majority of the senators perience of the decade has conclusively are known to be ready to vote for it. proved that. the fear that the League At this writing the President has not would interfere with national govern- yet submitted it to that body, Some ments and circumscribe their liberties has no foundation whatever. The New conjecture that he is waiting for the York Times of January 12 truly said tariff bill to be gotten out of the way, that instead of being a dangerous others that he fears the possible effect sup~r-state, in a:ctuality it has been of an inevitable senatorial discussion found to be a servant of all the na- on the Disarmament Conference that tions. It is at least some consolation is now in session in London. Whatto know that while the United States ever the reason, his whole-hearted in- remains outside of the League, it is terest in the Court is well known and cooperating with many of the League's the issue is not really in doubt.

commissions. The critics of the A. J. B.

League have now abandoned prac- Filipino Independence tically all of their original contentions and are contenting themselves with THE moot question of Filipino insaying that "the League is a splendid dependence is up again. It has been thing for Europe but that it would up sporadically for many years. Prom- inent Filipinos have been steadily adnever do for America." To which The vocating it, but while there have been New York Times replies that "with the individual members of Congress who whole movement of thought and trade and education and statesmanship mak- have sympathized with them, there ing more powerfully every day toward have ·not been enough to give the prothe idea of an inevitable solidarity of posal prospect of early success. There is, indeed, practically unanimous pubinterest between the United States lic sentiment in America that the and Europe, it becomes increasingly Filipinos should ultimately become in- dependent. Both of the great political difficult to argue with a straight face parties are committed to this. But when? Aye, there's the rub. Are the that what has turned out to be a bless- Filipinos fitted for independence, or ing for European nations would be a curse for us." A. J. B.

The WorId Court are they likely to be in the near fu- ture? They emphatically say yes.

HOWEVER, the next step for Amer- Much of this feeling is doubtless due ica is entrance to the World Court to the quite natural desire of any peoat the Hague. Three Presidents- ple to be independent of foreign con-

trol. It is equally natural that ambi- missionaries and non-missionaries tious Filipinos should think of the alike, the latter, in several instances, office~ that they would hold in an inde- being in the majority. Some of the missionaries declared that they did pendent government. Many of the common people, however, are reported not want to be protected by an armed to be influenced by the belief that, if force, and that they would rather take they were free from America, they their chances without it. In one case, would have lower taxes with continued a group of missionaries sent a protest prosperity. to this effect to the State Department in Washington; but the Department In Washington, the dominant con- viction has been that the Filipinos are replied in effect that the Government not yet ready for self-government and could not abdicate its responsibility to deal with American citizens as such, that it is the duty of America to con- tinue to hold them until they are irrespective of their occupation, and farther advanced. Now, however, the that it must act on its own information movement for immediate independence and judgment as to the measures that has received strong reenforcement in should be adopted. Well informed gov- ernment officials do not complain about Congress and that for a rather selfish reason. Under the present arrange- missionaries as a class, though they ment, sugar, tobacco, hemp and other sometimes object to the indiscretion products of' the Archipelago are ad- of a particular individual. Suppose mitted to the United States free of the missionary does occasionally need duty, so that America is the principal protection; he is a citizen, and what market for Filipino exports. This kind of a government is it which re- fuses to protect its citizens in their means that Filipino sugar comes into competition with the beet sugar grow- lawful undertakings? Noone ques- ers in the United States, and their tions the right of a trader, however representatives are advocating Fili- dissolute, to go wherever he pleases pino independence because America and be defended by his country in case can then impose a protective tariff of danger. Has not a missionary an that will restrict, if not altogether equal right to the benefits of his flag?

close, the American market for Fili- Scores of ministers and consuls have pino sugar! The disastrous effect of testified to the wisdom, peaceful influ- inde-pendence upon economic conditions ence, and beneficent work of mission- in the Philippines will readily be seen. aries. If any reader of these pages Whether the present Congress will desires further evidence, let him write take action is unknown at this writing, to the American Ambassador or Min- but it is undoubtedly true that the ister to any country that he has in movement for independence is receiv- mind. It is of course true that the ing powerful support. A. J. B. presence of any Americans in a for- Do Missionaries Make Trouble eign country sometimes occasions for Their Governments? problems, but on the testimony of Recent events in China have revived many government officials, missionthe old criticism that missionaries make trouble for their governments aries have caused fewer and less seriand demand the protection of gunboats. The fact is that the gunboats ous troubles than other resident Amerwere sent by government officials on their own initiative for the rescue of icans. The Hon. John Barrett, former their nationals as American citizens, American Minister to Siam, said that a hundred and fifty missionaries gave him less trouble in five years than fif- teen business men gave him in five months. A. J. B.

~~ETHODS fOR

EDITED BY MRS. F. I. JOHNSON, 150 Fifth Avenue, New York President of the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions BRINGING STUDENTS UP-TO- the culture of the old Indians. The DATE ON AMERICAN INDIANS second period makes inquiry concern- By MISS HELEN M. BRICKMAN ing the life and present problems of Indian students, their vocational needs Director, Religious Work for Indian and future place in society. The last Schools period is given to findings and discus- A new interest is awakening in the sion of what may be done by those present-day problems of the American wishing a deeper fellowship with In- Indians. During the last year an un- dian youth. usual amount of information and misinformation about them has crept into Since there is little available matemagazines and newspapers, and people rial regarding the latest developments are asking new questions. For ex- in the Indian situation-some inforample, "What really are the Indians mation is quoted in order to stimulate like today? Are the Indians standing investigation. A bibliography is also still during these days of rapid given. The material should be gone changes? Or are they, too, facing a over with the group in advance letting new and different world ?"-Indian individuals choose topics to investigate and to bring back for discussion.

students are asking questions, too. "How can the white people understand FIRST PERIOD us more? How can we be more broth- Why a.n Indian Problem1 erly and sisterly with white people?" Begin by asking each individual to they inquire. write the first five or six words which The following suggestions for use come to her mind at the mention of the with college and young people's groups word "Indian." Have these put on the are made in order to bring about an blackboard. Such words as scalps, understanding of the difficulties Indian massacres, paint, feathers, wigwams, girls of today are facing, and to pro- solemn, dirty, lazy are generally on the mote a neighborly spirit toward them. list. Throughout the study keep these So much has been written about "the in front of the class for reference, test- Indian problem" that white students ing constantly as to accuracy. Any consider it trite and are generally in- one of them will serve to introduce a different to it. Yet today a new and discussion of the treatment received by thrilling chapter is being written in the Indians at the hands of our early the history of the race-something no settlers. The leader may call upon in- student can afford to miss! !-for con- dividuals to present the following ditions have changed almost overnight. points of view.

The discussion method is used in 1. "The official seal of the State of this study which aims to provide ma- Florida pictures the Indian standing terial for at least three group meet- on the beach with outstretched hands ings. The first period aims to test the inviting the whites to share the land attitudes of the group, to recall the with him." (Red Man in the United early life of the race and to touch on States.) 207

"This country was ours before it SECOND PERIOD was yours" replied one Indian student In tile Wllite Ma.llS' Land when mlked why so many Indians volunteered during the World War. (Lake "For 2,000 years your ancestors have Mohonk conference.) been gradually building this world of today. In one generation the Indian "The complaint came not because of girl is plunged suddenly into this bedislike between white and red but be- wildering new world." (Indian pamcause the red man wished land for buf- phlet-Y. W. C. A.) falo ranges and hunting grounds. The Is the Indian girl getting the same white man desired farms and pasture chance at education that you are? for his cows." (Lake Mohonk confer- "Thirty thousand Indian boys and ence.) girls silently and wonderingly have left Imagine arguments in this contro- their mountain and desert homes and versy which wouLd be presented by In- traveled far to the big boarding schools dians and whites if bringing the case of the white man. School life is com- today, before the World Court. (The plex and puzzling after the simple entire period may be used for this if reservation life. They are bewildered taken seriously.) by the close companionship with hun- 2. "The belief became general in the dreds of other Indian girls and boys, early days that the solution of the the regularity and punctuality of habproblem arising 'between the white and its, new clothing, different food, a red races lay in keeping them as far strange language, unfamiliar tasks in the school, kitchen, dining room, printapart as possible." (Red Man in the ing shop, or laundry." (After School United States.) -What?-Council of Women for Home Missions, Home Missions Coun- "In order to keep the Indians docile cil.) and peaceable, clothing, food, and other necessities of life were doled out by List five changes that going away the government." (Red Man in the to school brought into your life. Do United States.) the same for the Indian girl attending a government boarding school. Do the segregation and ration policies referred to above help account for Consider the following questions any of your ideas about the Indians, asked by Indian students in boarding such as "[azy" or "dirty"? (see black- schools.

board) "How can we have good times with "Every man is as lazy as he dare to boys and still be doing the right be." (Lake Mohonk Conference.) thing?"-"Does God help anyone when Do you do more work than is neces- he prays for help?"-"What would sary "to get by" in your classes-in you do if you went to church and you your work? would not be thinking about church but had your mind on something else?" 3. "Some Indians proud of their -"What does the Bible mean, does it race and culture have no desire to be help anyone or not?"-"How can we as the white man is." (Red Man in make ourselves so that wherever we the United States.) By way of con- go we can get along with other people trast-"Whether they wish it or not especially in school?" Indian young people are losing their sense of tribal life and are becoming How do these differ from questions a real part of the city and town com- you discuss with your school friends? munities." (Social Heritage of the In- "After schooI-what-the old or the new? Back to the known, the tepee or dian Girl.) hogan, dancing ceremonies, idly sit- If you were an Indian student would ting around day by day? Or on to the you wish to give up the culture of your untried; to neat, attractive homes; to race and become like the white man? regular work for which one is trained;

19301 METHODS FOR WORKERS

to responsible and dependable citizen- such as will help the Indians to help ship and the chance of worshipping a themselves 7 God of love?" (After School-What?) List 4 or 5 ways that the Christian "Can an Indian [J1"Q.dnate earn a liv- Church has expressed it.s fellowship ing among white peuple?" a8kcd 01lB for this race.

boy. Should Indian students ret urn to the "An Indian girl serving efficiently reservations after school or go into as a stenographer failed to appear at towns and cities mingling with the the office one morning. She sent no whites? word. It was discovered that she went home because her grandmother was ill. How should Indian students fit "But why," asked her white friend, themselves for the life you suggest?

"did you not tell your employer?" How Your Students Can Help "Why should 17" puzzled the Indian girl. "I knew my grandmother first. List ways in which interested white She is dearer to me than he." students may help. The following are suggestive only. Would you employ an Indian in your home, hospital, office or school? "In- Get acquainted with Indian students dian boys and girls are flocking into whether on your campus or through towns and cities. Often their back- correspondence. Find out about Inground and experience do not produce dians in your town or city-conditions as skilled workers as found in their of living, work, church attendance. white brothers. If they find work it (Send data to Miss Helen Brickman, is with salary so low as scarcely to 105 East 22d Street, New York City.) sustain life. They can live only in the most squalid parts of the city. Interest other groups in the study you have just made.

There is no opportunity for healthy Find out about the Indian work of recreation and separated from fam- your Mission Board, Y. W. C. A., in- ili€s and friends they have no social terdenominational work in government ties to hold them steady. Many are boarding schools.

members of churches but an innate Help through financial gifts. They reticence keeps them from introducing are greatly needed.

themselves to white churches. Being (Suggestions and information may naturally religious this lack.of church be obtained from the Council of Womlife brings about an undermining of en for Home Missions and Home Mischaracter with all its resultant unso- sions Council, 105 East 22nd Street, cial behavior." New York City.) List aU the ways in which white students might help the Indians in ad- Useful Books justing to these new conditions. The Red Man in the United States.

THIRD PERIOD -G. E. E. Lindquist-Doubleday Do- ran & Co., Garden City, N. Y.-An in- What Has Been Done timate study of the social, economic Use blackboard to list your findings. and religious life of the American In- The leader may begin by writing New dian.

Information and Ideas gained about The Problem of Indian Administra- the Indians. Questions such as the tion.-Institute for Government Re- following will sharpen the discussion. search, Washington, D. C.-The report What have you learned about the of a recent survey containing the most early problems of the Indians that up-to-date and exhaustive material obmakes you more sympathetic with their tainable. (See pamphlets.) present situation? Good News Across the Continent.- Is the present educational program Mary Jenness-Friendship Press, New 4

York City-Leader's Manual for Pio- HOW SOME PASTORS DID IT* neers of Goodwill, by Harold Hunting; has a chapter on the American Indiall, (A SYMPOSIUM) listing sources and projects. So has Meet Your United States, by Mary Conducting n. Church School of Jenness, a leader's manual for a course in home missions. Missions The American Indian.-Paul Radin, By REV. R. E. EMMERT Boni & Liveright, New York, N. Y. Pastor, Elkhart Chri8tian Church Book of Indian Crafts and Indian Lore.-Julian H. Salomon-Harper & Nothing is more pertinent to the Bros., New York City. promotion of righteousness in the world than the missionary enterprise The Indians' Book.-Natalie Curtis of the church. The church has done a -Harper & Bros., New York City.- mighty work in saving men and women An offering by American Indians of by the outreach of the missionary in- Indian Lore, musical and narrative. terest. A greater work is yet to be ac- complished, and more church folk must Story of the Red Man.-Mrs. Flora be definitely interested in the study of Warren Seymour-Longmans, Green missions. The best way to interest & Co., New York City. A very read- more church folk in the mission cause able book which has a wealth of gen- is to have a church school of missions. eral information. One of the major reasons why some church people are not supporting mis- Pamphlets sions is because they are uninformed relative to the importance of missions Write to the Department of Interior, in the life of the church. Bureau of Indian Affairs, Washington, D. C., for Government Bulletins. The In conducting a school of this kind, following are helpful. the following plan may be followed with profit: The Social Heritage of the Indian Girl. First, a worship period. The open- ing exercises, to be of any permanent A Bibliography of Indian Stories for value to those taking the course of Young People, Bulletin 1929, No. 13. study, must be distinctly devotional and missionary in spirit. From twen- Education of the Indians, Bulletin ty to thirty minutes should be given to No.9. this part of the service. This part of the program must be adaptable to the Indian Missions of the United States, various ages in school. The responsi- Bulletin 1928, No.8. bility of conducting the devotional service can be carried on by different Indian Home Life~The Past-The members of the school. Present, Bulletin 1927, No. 22. Second, a period of instruction. Fol- Indian Art and Industries, Bulletin lowing the worship period the school 1927, No.4. should assemble in different classes for instruction. These classes are The Problem of Indian Administra- formed according to the ages of those tion-Institute for Government Re- taking the course. Those who are search-Washington, D. C.-Summary chosen to teach must be definitely inof findings and recommendations. terested in missions, and a compre- hensive view of the subject is no small Nineteen Hundred Twenty-nine Re- part of their preparation. Specific and port of Lake Mohonk Conference.- definite preparation is also essential Mr. Henry G. Miner, Lake Mohonk, to good teaching of the mission N. Y. Publications of Indian Depart- thought. 'Fully thirty minutes should ment-National Board, Y. W. C. A.- be given to the study of missions. 600 Lexington Avenue, New York City. *From the Herald of Gospel I.iherty. Indian material-Council of Women for Home Missions-Home Missions Council.

METHODS FOR WORKERS

'I'HIS SPLENDID DISPLAY WAS PREPAHJiJD BY RF.V. H. S. HAHDCASTLE, PASTOR 'J'IlE SUFFOLK, VA., CHRISTIAN CHUllCH, AND WAS USED EXTENSIVELY DOllING THE :-JISHIOXARY EDUCATIONAL PEHIOD Third, a closing period. In the clos- The Missionary Education Movement, ing exercise the different classes reas- the Council of Women for Home Missemble for the closing part of the pro- sions, and the Central Committee on gram. This part of the program can the United Study of Foreign Missions be made very impressive by emphasiz- have prepared these studies in both ing each time the importance of the home and foreign work and adapted course in the life of the church and them to the different grades. the value of a broader vision of the mission cause. It might be that some one would ask, "How could you get started in this Elkh.art, Indiana, work with opposition against missions and more especiaUy against dropping A Plan for Mission Study the regular lessons of the Sunday- school period?" In answer to this, I By REV. H, H. SHORT wish to say that you will almost have to have a working staff of teachers and Pastor, Hagerstown Christian Church offkers meeting regularly in council whose business it has been, and will We believe that everything that is continue to be, to decide on all matters to be studied in a way to make it pos- pertaining to the work of the school. sible for every person who should be A pastor or superintendent who is ininterested to know of the matter, terested in missions can then easily should be presented in the church's get things done if he can convince the department of education. group that the matter in mind is alto- gether worth while, Missions is a subject of interest to aU Christians, and those who are pre- In this matter of mission study I paring for Christian living should be know whereof I speak. In our local instructed in the work of missions. church we have been conducting a mis-, With this thought in mind, we would sion school for the past five year.s, seek to have missions taught in the Many questions were raised; amopg . Sunday-school. Lesson material is others, the matter of attendance.dur-. now prepared for every grade of pupil from the primary to the adult classes,

ing such a six-weeks' period. With but a music leader and pianist. Stress the one exception our attendance has been fine opportunity for detinite Christian better during the mission study period service involved in every task, and than during any other Rix weeks' peri- don't take no fo), an answed The folkR od of the year. are willing to serve when they think the work worth while. Plan the school The kind of place of meeting will with sessions of just one hour, for six have something to do with the plan- mid-week services during the home ning of the work. Our first mission and foreign mission periods of your study was put on in a two-room build- church program. Begin announcing ing. In this case, instead of having the mission school and making perthe regular classes, we divided the sonal solicitation for enrollments three work as follows; Two classes in the weeks before the school opens. main auditorium-young people and adults, and the primary and juniors in Be prepared! Be prompt! Be peppy! one group in the other room. The lat- And the job is done. ter group received its mission instruction during the story period and in "There is no excellence without story form, using picture stories in great labor." some cases. In the young people's and adult cass~s the best teachers for the A school of missions is worth all it lecture method of teaching were se- costs and more. Try it and see! I lected as teachers with permission to speak from the happy experience of call any help for the presentation of the past six years in small churches. any phase of the work. This plan in all cases worked out splendidly. South S%n, Ohio.

Hager,~town, Indiana. How I Conduct Missionary Training How I Conduct a Mission School in a Rural Church By REV. D. G. PLEASANT By REV. J. T. BROOKS Pastor, South Solon Christian Church Pastor, Bethel Christian ChUl'ch Squeers said; "The best way to There may be differences of opinion learn a word is to do it." The best way as to how to conduct a mission school. to conduct a mission school is to con- A mission school to me and my church duct it. Every going church can have a is the one conducted that brings remission school if it wants it. The best sults. plans and methods must be adapted to local church and community situations. In the first place, a missionary spirit No better plans have been suggested must be created; and second, that than those of our own Mission Depart- spirit must be maintained throughout ment. Take the mission education the year if results are to be had. leaders of your church into your confidence and sell your plan to them. Of course, there must be a plan and Counsel with them in the selection of that plan must be the plan that will textbooks and other needed literature work and bring results. Different for at least three classes-children, plans may work in different places. young people, and adult. In confer- Some churches put on a six-weeks' proence with your leaders, carefully select gram each year. Assemble for eats your three best people for teachers- and a half-hour social, then assemble consecrated public school-teachers pre- for class work. This is mighty fine if ferred-and furnish each with a sub- it works in your community and restitute teacher; select a good, live sults follow; but if this is not followed executive for director, one of your up with a continuous program throughyoung people for general secretary, out the year, you haven't accomplished very much. The period is too short.

To accomplish a purpose we must be continually at it. First, every church should have a living missionary society with a competent leader for president,

carrying out the prepared program Solo-"I Know Whom I Have Beeach month. This Bethel has. Second, lieved." we have two mission cIasses,-a primary and a junior. Each class meets every Anxiety. two weeks, making a class every Sun- I say unto you, that likewise JOY day. These classes are taught by a deeply spiritual missionary teacher, shall be in heaven over one sinner one that sincerely believes in missions. that repenteth, more than over nine- These classes meet during the church ty and nine just persons which need hour. Third, six weeks before the gen- no repentance. Luke 15: 7. eral offering for home and foreign missions we put on a ten- to fifteen- Song-"Rescue the Perishing, minute program just before the church Care for the Dying." service. Literature is furnished by the home and foreign secretaries. These Gladness programs are very interesting. These things I have spoken unto These have been our plans for sev- you, that my joy might remain in eral years. They have grown into us you, and that your joy might be full. and we have grown into them; they John 15: 11. have become a habit. Song-"Come Ye That Love the Farmer City, Illinois. Lord."

MUSIC METHODS Enthusiasm And he said unto them, "Go ye T/I18 won find pl"iZ(' at th(; Chrlttt(luqun llll-ltittttj~ of Poreign JliJ-o;iQlls, 192n, into all the world, and preach the Gospel to every creature." Mark 16: Courage 15.

AN ACROSTIC Song-"Speed Away! Speed Away!" By MRS. S. M. HAZLETT, Tarentum, Pa. Pmyer.- Come, dear Christ, and teach us, Christ Overcome our night; Unite us in endeavor to And Simon Peter answered and Right the world with "Light." said, "Thou art the Christ, the Son Anxious are we to serve Thee of the living God." Matt. 16: 16. Gladness would we bring Enthuse us with Thy Spirit and Song–"My Hope Is Built on Courage from our King. Nothing Less." -Amen. Overcoming YOUTH IN SCRIPTURE AND SONG Be not overcome of evil, but over- come evil with good. Romans 12: By MRS. HOWARD ROGERS 21. 1'hi.'f 1f"On (l. prize at the Chautauqua Institute Song-"Yield Not to Temptation." of Porcion :jJ{i881on8~ 1929.

Union Promise of Vision And they went forth, and preached And it shall come to pass afterward, everywhere, the Lord working with that I will pour out my spirit upon all them, and confirming the word with flesh; and your sons and daughters signs following. Mark 16: 20. shall prophesy, your old men shall dream dreams, your young men shall Song-"Blest Be the Tie That see visions. Joel 2: 28. Binds." "Open Mine Eyes That I May See." Righteousness Prepal"ation for Life But seek ye first the kingdom of God and his righteousness; and all The Cross. And Jesus said unto these things shall be added unto you. him, (the rich young ruler) If thou Matt. 6: 33.

wilt be perfect, go and sell that thou Salvation, From a child thou hast hast, and give to the poor, and thou known the holy scriptures, which are able to make thee wise unto salvation shalt have treasure in heaven : and through faith which is in Christ Jesus. come and follow me. Mat. 19: 21. 2 Tim. 3: 15.

"Must Jesus bear the cross alone?" "My Faith looks up to Thee." Consecration. My son, give me thine heart, and let thine eyes observe my What might be the result if Chris- tians were to begin now in preparation ways. Provo 23: 26. for next year to place the Christ in the "0 Master, let me walk with Thee." Concentration. "(My son,) study to center of the heart of our children as the author of their Christmas gifts? show thyself approved unto God, a workman that needeth not to be IBelieve Ii or Not _111' lUPl.l~Y ) ashamed, rightly dividing the word of truth." 2 Tim. 2: 15.

"Awake my soul, stretch every nerve."

Pursuit of the Christian Life (The Ol'igilJtll uf SUlltll 1~lau8) LI:-; THE l'A'I'HO:" :-;01:"' 1' Four-fold De1Jelopment. And Jesus 0]" 'I'll lEVI,;; increased in wisdom and stature, and in favor with God and man. Luke 2: (Read carefully, prayerfully, the word- 52. ing under the picture. I have verified its statement). "Take my life and let it be consecrated." Especially should missionaries con- sider this suggestion. I have talked Conflict. This charge I commit with a number of Nationals and find unto thee, son Timothy, . . . that thou their judgment conforms to the sugmightest war a good warfare; hold- gestion. ing faith, and a good conscience. 1 Tim. 1: 18, 19. Will you kindly write me your re- action? Thank you. "The Son of God goes forth to war." Self Control. Young men likewise THE WINDS OF LIFE exhort to be sober minded, In all things shewing thyself a pattern of "One ship sails East and one sails l!"ood works: in doctrine shewing un- West eorruptness, gravity, sincerity, sound speech, that cannot be condemned. By the selfsame wind that blcws, Titus 2: 6-8. It's the set of the sail and not the "Dear Lord and Master of us aIL" The Challenge. Let no man despise gale thy youth; but be thou an example of That determines the way it goes. the believers, in word, in conversation, in charity, in spirit, in faith , in purity. "Like the winds of the sea are the 1 Tim. 4: 12. ways of fate "Jesus calls us o'er the tumult." A~ we journey on through life, Pal,ticipation in Life It's the set of the soul that deter- J01). Rejoice, 0 young man, in thy mines the goal youth; and let thy heart cheer thee in And not the stress nor the strife." the days of thy youth. Ecc!. 11: 9.

"Rejoice, ye pure in heart." Confidence in Life. Remember now thy Creator in the days of thy youth. Ecc!. 12: 1. "This is my Father's world."

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION

EDITED BY MISS FLORENCE G. TYLER, 419 Fourth Avenue, New York STORY OF ANNUAL MEETING most significant of the three. He Federation of Women's Boards of pleaded for an increased interest in the work of these Latin American Foreign Missions neighbors, toward whom the churches have such a great and as yet scarcely By FLORENCE E. SMITH The essential unity of the Christian recognized responsibility.

task and of the people who are work- Miss Sarah S. Lyon outlined the ing at it, both in America and in for- changes which the Y. W. C. A. has eign lands, was once more ably demon- found in its world service between strated by the meeting in Atlantic Stockholm in 1914 and Budapest in City, January 11-14, of the Federa- 1929, due to the forces released by the tion of Woman's Boards of Foreign World War-hate, force, materialism Missions of North America. A dis- and social anarchy. When, in 1920, a tinguished group of 175 women, repre- meeting was attempted in Switzerland, senting 44 boards and societies in the it was found impossible to think United States, Canada, and many longer in terms of groups related to fields of foreign service, met in The an alma mater; whole areas had to be Breakers Hotel. Its walls were hung included in our thinking. Representa- with flags of different lands, and the tives from Germany and France met international and interdenominational at that time, and it was spiritual character of the group was accentuated power that held the group together. by the program of the ensuing days. At Budapest in 1929, three major de- The Program Committee was happy cisions were reached: (a) To estab- in its selection of three young women lish headquarters for the World's to direct the periods of worship at the Association in Geneva; (b) to make beginning of each session. These were a study of industrial relations and Miss Eleanor White and Miss Alma world economics; (c) to study the re- Adams of New York, and Miss Sarah ligious situation and setting for the Molloy of Philadelphia. They made Association in each country.

each service a spiritual treat, Miss Miss Henrietta Roelofs, vice-chair- White giving trained leadership to the man of the National Committee on the singing, with Miss Molloy at the piano, Cause and Cure of War, gave a thrill- and Miss Adams reading carefully ing account of the meeting of the 1n- chosen selections. "Worship Through stitute on Pacific Relations in Kyoto.

Music" was the devotional theme. All delegates were from sovereign The first evening Dr. Daniel J. countries but two -Korea and the Fleming outlined the trends and sig- Philippines, which have no vote, but nificance of the meeting of the evan- can participate in discussions. Six gelicals in the thirteen countries of years ago this Conference discussed the Caribbean area at Havana in June, the Exclusion Act, and two years later, 1929. He stressed its Latin leadership relationships between Great Britain and the proposed Federation of and China. At this conference there Churches not only of that area but of were four major problems: (1) The all Latin America. Forty of the 199 impact of the machine age on tradi- delegates to Havana were women. tional cultures; (2) Manchuria; (3) This was the third of the Latin Amer- extraterritoriality; (4) diplomatic reican Conferences, beginning with lations in the Pacific area.

Panama in 1916, continuing in Monte- At the beginning, Miss Roelofs said, video in 1925, and in Havana in 1929. suspicitm and hostility were in the air. Dr. Fleming found the last by far the So the discussion began with the ques- 215

tion, "What is religion 7" This was beloved spiritual guide, led the medi- sufficiently objective and impersonal to tation, using as her theme, "The Chal- be discussed without animus, and after lenge of Love." She quoted a scientist four days the Institute could get as having said that man in relation to around to Manchuria and similar deli- the immensity of the universe is an cate subjects. The early speeches, insect too insignificant to be seen by a necessarily prepared at horne, were powerful glass. Love is the one ca- laden with national feeling and claims pacity that the insect, man, has for for rights; but later milder counsels transcending itself. Love is not a prevailed. Soon China and Japan were sentiment, but a force, the greatest discussing their different viewpoints force in the world. Jesus is the per- and possible solutions for problems in fection of self-forgetting love. Miss a wholly amicable spirit. They moved Conde said there never was a time on from a statement of rights to find when the youth of the world were so a procedure which would solve the dispairing about the meaning of life.

problem. It was a marvelous example It is because they have not yet learned of the type of conference which is how to use the law of love; they have needed today. In the past, the main not seen it in the lives of their older instrument of national policy has been guides.

armed force, but now it is corning to The service Sunday evening brought be the conference table. world opportunities and needs to our To many it might sound strange to door. Three missionaries spoke on speak of a Sunday in Atlantic City as "The Spiritual Implications of Our holy, but no other adjective will apply Task" – Miss Florence E. Smith, of to the Sabbath during this Conference. Santiago, Chile; Miss Alice Appen- The Spirit of God was manifestly zeller, of Seoul, Korea, and Mrs. Elgin present. Dr. Henry P. Van Dusen, of Sherk, of Teheran, Persia. Miss New York, led a profound and search- Smith traced the beginnings of evaning discussion of "The Practice of gelical work in Chile through the ef- Worship"-what worship is, what it forts of that beloved missionary statesdoes, what it requires of the ordinary man, David Trumbull, and its subse- Christian. He defined worship as the quent growth and influence in the expression of our deepest faith and as country, in challenging even the State a discovery. "Worship is always path- Church to more liberal interpretations finding into new fields." Worship of religion. Miss Appenzeller told of stimulates thinking. We need to re- the faith and zeal of the early Chrisclaim the world of thought and re- tians in Korea and of her work among deem and discipline it in religion. The their daughters and granddaughters in objective of worship, he said, is iden- Ewha College at Seoul. Mrs. Sherk tical with the objectives of religion, indicated some of the spiritual imviz., fullness of life with God for the plications of the task which are comindividual and for all mankind. mon to us all, givi ng many telling il- Growth in the life of God for all man- lustrations from the horne life of kind is what we mean by the Kingdom Persian women.

of God. Religion concerns the whole The Sunday meeting concluded with of life. The great test of worship is, an impressive service led by Miss Mar- do I corne forth from my experience of garet Burton in memory of four personal worship or of my service of leaders who have entered into Life the cooperative worship with a fuller and past year: Miss Jennie Lois Ellis, of freer life? Philadelphia; Mrs. Luke Johnson, of An open forum followed this ad- Nashville; Miss Ella D. MacLaurin, dress, but space forbids detailing the of New York, and Mrs. D. Everett questions put to Dr. Van Dusen. Waid, of New York.

At four o'clock a Worship 'Service Reports are apt to be taken as a was held. Miss Bertha Conde, well- matter of dry routine, but the reports

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

of the different committees of the Fed- of the task; b. missions as one of the eration were faseinating, showing, as great factors in internati~na} rehltionthey did, the breadth and scope of the fsuhriplso·~gch. the message of mlSSlOnanes on Federation's interests and activities. to be one which takes into ac- count the viewpoint of youth; d: the a~­ vantage of presenting other natIOnals III Miss Gertrude Schultz, chairman of this country to young people's groups; the Central Committee, reported for e. programs of missionary societies to be the Committee on United Study of more carefully prepared, with a view to Foreign Missions that an edition of interesting young people.

80,000 copies of "From Jerusalem to Mrs. Jeannette W. Emrich spoke on Jerusalem" had been exhausted and the activities of the Committee on another of 10,000 is coming from the World Friendship for Children. Since press. She described the new study sending the 30,000 friendship school books for women and children for bags to Mexico last year, a Committee 1930-31, and displayed the first copies. on World Friendship has been formed in 21 of Mexico's 28 states. A course Some of the activities of the Com- in World Friendship is now included mittee on International Relations, of in the curriculum of primary schools which Mrs. Silverthorn is chairman, there. The school children of Mexico relate to motion pictures as shown are preparing to return the compli- ment by sending 48 exhibits of the paabrrtoiacdi~atsieocnu roi nf gt hsei gUnna ti tuerde sS tfaotre s t hi ne arts and industrie~ of Mexico, one for each state in the U. S. A. The Comthe World Court, and forming right mittee is now preparing a gift for the social relations. Its work is closely children of the Philippines which will related to another Committee on Mis- take the form of a Treasure Chest. sions and Government under the lead- Emphasis was laid on suitable books ership of Mrs. Darby, which has to do as one of the gifts in this chest. with negotiations with governments, questions relating to immigration, A letter from Mrs. Henry W. Peaextraterritoriality in China, and sim- body was read by Miss Schultz, outilar matters. lining the future of the World Fellow- ship of Christian Women. In attendance at the meeting of the Federation there were representative Miss Margaret Wrong, Secretary of young women who are in touch with the International Bureau of Literastudent groups. The President asked ture, spoke on "What Shall Africa them to meet together and formulate Read 7" There are 1,000 languages things which they would like to have and dialects in use south of the presented to the entire group. As a Arabic-speaking part of Africa. Corpart of the consideration of missionary rupt literature in French and English preparation and student work, thIs is finding its way into that country. group was asked to present some reasons why enlistment in foreign serv- Mrs. Hough spoke on the observance ice has of late declined. Some of the of the World Day of Prayer, March 7, reasons enumerated were: as a means of family fellowship al 1. Uncertainty, in view of changing over the world. conditions, whether a life work as for- Renewed emphasis was placed on the merly can be pledged. 2. Greater educational requirements. Students often can- study books and schools of missions, not or do not wish to spend so much time the World Day of Prayer, the imin preparation as is required. 3. The portance of including young women in need of a new type of missionary, not to all missionary groups and committees, work for a people but with them. 4. more Christian literature for women Change in the Christian philosophy. of and children in foreign lands, inlife. Serious doubt even as to the eXIst- ence of God. 5. Inadequate idea of what creased use of THE MISSIONARY REa missionary is. VIEW OF THE WORLD, special prayer for The group stressed: the women of Russia, and the vital a. The attractive presentation of mis- importance of an adequate observance sions, emphasizing the large implications of this anniversary of Pentecost. EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 East 22d Street, New York Executive Secretary, Council of Women for Home Missions LOOAL AOTIVITIES Unions, etc., consequently it was not a missionary federation that resulted, In ln2~. three issues of the Bulletin re- but a federation with an inclusive counted activities of local "romen's interde· program. Nevertheless this federa- JlolllillUtioJlul grnnns: :Iuy told of the Cartha~e~ tion had a strong missionary depart- TWuniH. ~l'nlln formf'« in lS~O: .Tunf'. of St. ment, consisting of the strongest Louis, formed in 1897; October, of Stockton, available member of each denomina- California, organized in 1~96. We are happy tion, with a chairman in charge of the briefly to present in this issue ::wtivities of several other groups and 1a ter news of Stockton.

Forty Years in Des Moines Our Des Moines Interdenomina- whole. Until this federation was tional Missionary Council was organ- formed there' had been no permanently ized in 1889. Mrs. A. L. Fi"isbie, a organized group to conduct the Day of Congregational pastor's wife, felt that Prayer for Missions. Such gatherings the missionary women in the various for prayer have been held in each of churches of our city would enthuse the twenty-three years of the federaeach other to greater activity if they tion's existence. A Missionary Instiwould meet together occasionally in tute has also been held each year of prayer and service. the twenty-three. At the time that Bostonians were enjoying "The World For the last fifteen years we have in Boston" I remember most vividly had an Extension Conference, a fall arranging and carrying through an school of missions that lasts one week excursion from Providence when 800, with an outside paid speaker. One women were brought here to see the home and one foreign interdenomina- exposition and pageant. And then the tional book is studied. The expense "Orient in Providence" was held, and is met by voluntary gifts of the va- our committee had charge of the litrious churches that belong. We have erature table. no fixed membership fee. Our World Day of Prayer meeting is always very In the Jubilee of 1910 our committee well attended and serves as an inspira- was of great assistance to the Comtion to all the women. mittee of 100 because we had all the facts that they would have had to dis- We belong to our City Federation of Women's Clubs and so have many cover. We had the directory of mis- civic and educational contacts. Some sionary presidents in all the churches, of our women are working in the the facts as to number and names of citizenship schools. denominations, the geographical di- We celebrated our 40th Anniversary visions of the city and the churches by putting on an historical pageant. listed therein. This is a cold, bare MRS. A. J. PALAS. outline but you, who know missionary In New England Since 1906 work, can fill in the women touched and interested, the volume of prayer The Providence Federation of Wom- that has ascended through the years, en's Church Societies, now the Rhode and the quickening knowledge that has Island Federation, was formed in 1906 been disseminated. Strong churches because of a social need which could learned also to bear the burdens of the only be met by the united effort of an weak, for where there were no leaders interdenominational group of church for study classes in weaker churches women. Because it was a social need leaders were supplied by stronger the presidents called together were churches. There has been no salaried presidents of Ladies' Aids, Social worker and no budget. Willing hearts, 218 enthusiasm for the movement, and for two days with a fine pageant on faith in Jesus, the leader, were what the evening of each day. It was a very enabled the work to go on. great success.

Somerville, Massachusetts, formed a Time fails me to tell of Lynn with similar federation in 1915 because re- its forty churches, and Portland with sults in Providence made us feel that its twenty-five, and all the rest. The no community could afford to be with- two accounts given in something of out the benefit of such united effort. detail must suffice as a picture of the We have had various well-known whole, where more or less the same is leaders for our Missionary Institutes. done. One year we had a monthly study conducted by our own women. One year We have to date fourteen Federawe had evening meetings for young tions of Women's Church Societies women. We have given five pageants here in New England. to large audiences in a large hall, raised the money for the land on which (MRS. E. TALMADGE ROOT) our Italian Mission Church is built, GEORGIANA M. ROOT. gave a church warming party which furnished kitchen and pastor's study, Omaha, Nebraska. and for many years have largely supported the Daily Vacation Bible School. Our Women's Church and Mission- One hundred and seven were enrolled ary Federation of Omaha grew out of in this school last summer. This year, a Missionary Jubilee Convention held as each year, We are planning for a here in October, 1910. The object of Conference of our· missionary presi- forming this organization was to dents to talk over a training course quicken missionary projects in Chrisfor Sunday-school missionary chair- tian education and have a closer comen. operation between the evangelical, Protestant churches of the city. The Over thirty dolls were sent to Japan, program carried on for the first few and given a farewell reception to years was to have missionary speakers which the children givers were invited. and a little later a mission studycIass This was really a children's missionary during the summer. In late years we meeting as we had a fine program, have had a summer Vacation Bible then the dolls were displayed for a school, helping a mission in East week in the Public Library where Omaha in the poorer section of the everyone got a message. Some sixty city. This has been most helpful and Mexican bags were sent, and a meeting a most worthwhile undertaking for us. was held which was addressed by Mrs. Emrich. Again you must read be- Two years ago there seemed to be tween the lines and feel the warmth a great demand for a social welfare of love and effort. worker, so with the cooperation of the Council of Churches we together pay When Mrs. Peabody was raising the for and sponsor a social welfare money for the Union Christian Col- worker, who does some office work and leges of the Orient, and was fearful attends juvenile court cases in our bethat Massachusetts might fall below half. These court cases are followed its quota, our Federation had a whirl- up and given all possible help within wind campaign and raised $500 in a our means and jurisdiction. The first week, after most of the churches had year we had a worker trained in this given denominationally. particular line. There is not a doubt in our minds but that it is the greatest We had Miss Laura Parker in many undertaking the Federation has ever of our Federations to give her illus- done, and seeing and knowing the trated talk on Migrant Work. great need of it we hope this good work will go on and prosper, be en- Worcester, our largest Federation larged and well nourished by the Fednumbering seventy-four churches, gave eration membership. recently "The World in Worcester" The budget for the welfare worker

is raised by apportionment according which is next door. This last building to membership. It was cut this year is called our "Good Will Industrial to barely cover the year's work, to Department." Have cobbling done lighten the load for the churches, but there, also have a room fixed up with we do not know as yet whether that used clothing, furniture, etc., which is was a wise move for us. Dues in the sold when we can, and given away Federation are $1.00 per organization. when necessary. We installed two showers this summer. We have three (MRS. R. H.) SARAH I. FAIR. very good buildings; enough lot left for another building. Our dreams are Springfield, Ohio to tear down the Sunday-school build- ing and build a large substantial build- In 1914, Mrs. C. C. Jones, of our ing; the lot is right next to it. The city, started a night school for foreign work is growing and we are so proud people, teaching reading, writing, sew- of all the activities. ing, Bible. In the first sewing class there was only one woman. All as- (MRS.) ANNA K. DUCKWALL. sistance was gratuitous. At that time we had in our city a Union Interde- Filipino Center in Stockton nominational Federation of Mission Study (later called Union Missionary About six years ago the wife of one Society). This organization saw a fu- of the prominent doctors in Stockton, ture of mahy opportunities in this California, caught the vision of doing night school of Mrs. Jones and asked some work among the 8,000 Filipinos her to start a settlement work which in and around Stockton. The resulting they would help sponsor and enlarge. Center has been greatly blessed in the So in January, 1916, the Union Settle- number of leaders it has trained. An ment Work was organized. The meet- ordained Filipino worker, converted in ings or classes were held in a room this Center, is now giving much of his downtown. As the classes increased, time to the work. Two Filipino boys, larger quarters were necessary. An graduates of the local high school, conold residence was purchased on faith verted in the Center, have entered colwith borrowed money and was ar- lege, one at Ashbury College, Kenranged to accommodate the growing tucky, the other in Pasadena, Caliclasses. As soon as this building was fornia. while a third boy. also conpaid for, another building close by on verted in the Center, is at school at the same lot was available at a very San Diego. modest cost. It was a saloon and when prohibition came in, this saloon had to Then there is Mary Area, a Filipino close, so we got the building very girl, who graduated from the local cheap. Had to borrow that money, too. high school in February, and who won The saloon was transformed into a first place in the public speaking conbeautiful Sunday-school room. After test recently held in the high school. acquiring the two buildings, we were She caught her inspiration in the incorporated in March, 1922. Center and hopes, after training, to go back to help her people in the Islands. Our budget is raised with the aid of the Community Fund, churches con- The women of Stockton are also tributing stated sums, other organiza- helping financially and by personal tions, patronesses and associate mem- service in the local Mexican, Japanese bers. About a year and half ago, after and Chinese work. These activities our debts were paid on the other two are not carried on through the women's buildings, we were fortunate enough organized groups, but are largely supto have the opportunity to buy the twin building of our first building ported by the same women. * * ""(-' nr~ iIHlt'htf'Q to lfjss Enunn C. Neu- miller, of Stocl.;:ton, for these facts.

prayer, the study of the Word, and

up-building of Christian life. Nearly Sudan Interior Mission 2,000 assembled at Cholo, while similar, though smaller, conventions were held SINCE 1900 there has been steady at Nkhate and Likubula. expansion in the Sudan Interior Mission, organized in 1898 by Rowland (2) The Bible is exalted among the Bingham, an Englishman. There are native Christians. They love it, and now 132 missionaries in active service. make much of it, both in their worship Over fifty native churches, all self-sup- and in their homes. A well-known misporting, are in existence. Thousands sionary-traveler, when visiting the stathrong these churches and Sunday- tions, remarked upon the place given schools every Lord's Day. Schools have to the Bible; the forest of hands upbeen established in which the Scrip- lifted when a show of Bibles was called tures are the .textbook; among them a for; the fact that even at the dayboarding school for girls, which trains school the children brought their own Christian wives. At most of the sta- New Testaments with them, and that tions there are dispensaries. The hos- the most coveted gift they could repital, first of its kind in Nigeria, gave ceive as a school-prize was a copy of 93,000 treatments last year, and every the Word of God. one coming received the Gospel. Ten languages and dialects have been reduced to writing and the Scriptures Missionary Flight Planned translated into them. The mission's PLANS are under way for the first income in 1926 was about $170,000. missionary air expedition, a flight The contributions of the native Chris- to an almost inaccessible region of tians last year were $3,200, given by Southwestern Africa, to be undertaken men and women whose daily wage is by the Oblate Brotherhood of Cologne, but sixteen cents and ten cents re- Germany. The expedition will be to the pagans of Ovamboland, in South~ spectively.-S. S. Times.

In Nyasaland western Africa, one of the least-known places on the globe. The missionary, TWO leading features in the work who was a German air pilot in the of the Nyasa Mission during the World War, made a promise in his stupast year have been the establishment dent days to Father Otto Fuhrman, a of five native churches with native pas- veteran missionary, that some day he tors and church officers; and the de- would take up the work in Africa, and sire which some of these churches $100,000 has already been subscribed express to send their own missionaries in Europe for the project. It is planinto Portuguese East Africa. Two in- ned to launch the expedition in the stances indicate that blessing has at- early Spring of 1931.-N. Y. Times.

tended the.Mission's work.

I (1) The Annual Native Convention Suppressing Native Languages is the great occasion of the mission F A newly enacted law is enforced, year, when from all the villages native native Christian people of Portu- Christians and their friends travel to guese East Africa will be entirely de- the central stations, many walking 30 prived of the use of the Bible in public miles or more, to spend a week-end in worship.

221

This law of the Portuguese Govern- in Belgium which will supplement the ment prohibits the use of the native present telegraphic communications tongues by the missionary societies in with Congo, and at the same time ill- Mozambique. One article reads as fol- augurate telephone relations with the lows: "In all religious missions, the colony which now can only be carried official language in the religious teach- out via Paris or Berlin. Included in ing, as well as in any other relations the plan is broadcasting for Congo. with the natives, is the Portuguese language." A qUalifying clause al- M. Lippens is also actively negotilows the temporary employment of the ating for the establishment in 1930 of spoken language in religious teaching, the Franco-Belgian air service which while the knowledge of the Portuguese will link Brussels and Paris with language is not general among the na- Congo and Madagascar each week. tives, but the use of any literature in Brussels would then be six days from the native tongue is forbidden. The Leopoldville instead of eighteen or Society has published the Bible in nineteen as at present by steamer. Ronga, and there also exist versions in the Tswa and Tonga languages. EUROPE Missions in Portuguese Colonies Friends of Evangelical Christian Unity FOR some years the missions have T HE annual meeting of this move- been expe'riencing difficulties in the ment was held this year in Bergerac Portuguese colonies both in East and in the Dordogne Valley. The move- West Africa, and the situation has ment was organized in 1920 to bring grown more acute with the pUblication about closer relations between German of new legislation recently in Portu- and French evangelical Christians on guese East Africa. These laws insist a religious basis. The object is to be upon the possession of a certificate of attained by means of conventions and primary education by every native by cooperation in works of Christian preacher or teacher of religion, and love. The annual conventions are held forbid any written use of the native alternately in France and Germany. languages. These appear to the mis- There are· already more than 1,400 sionary societies to be incompatible members. The head of the movement with religious liberty, which, in the is Pastor Jules Rambaud, D.D., of case of the British missons, is guar- Bad Homburg. anteed by treaty. This year's meeting was held in a While the missions cannot but wel- locality of southern France, in which come the interest in the education of the teachings of Luther gained access the natives shown in the new laws on as early as 1520. To this day the porthis subject, they nevertheless believe trait of Luther is hung in the Rethat some of the regulations-such as formed Church of Bergerac. There the insistence upon buildings of stone are seven congregations in the Dorfor every school throughout the terri- dogne Valley that have lived through tory-will tend to defeat their own ob- the times of religious persecutions. ject by closing large numbers of schools. The whole situation is re- This is the seat of the institutions ceiving careful attention. for the "Works of Christian Love" that were started by Pastor Jean Congo Brought Nearer Boss and the first of which was a home for orphaned and morally imperilled M MAURICE LIPPENS, honorary girls. In the community of Laforce • governor-general of Congo BeIge there are new homes for sufferers of and now minister of railways, marine, all kinds, especially for epileptics. posts, telegraphs, telephones and aero- The tenth of such homes is being nautics in Belgium, has placed an erected. Laforce, with an institutional order for a "beam" type wireless post congregation of 600 members of whom 500 are inmates, has been called the French Bethel. The addresses de-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

livered at the convention correspond ment for a bill to enable them to conto this environment. summate union under certain condi- tions. These conditions provided that Under the influence of this conven- given a final vote of 75% in all three tion an exchange of theological stu- Conferences i'n the year 1931, union dents has been inaugurated. Special can be achieved in 1932 and the first attention is devoted to the spiritual United Conference meet in 1933, excare of Foreign Legion soldiers of actly twenty years after the commence- German extraction.-Kirchenzeitung. ment of negotiations.-Indian Witness.

German Mohammeda.ns Russian Mohalll'llledans THE Islam Institute in Berlin sug- SINCE the formation of the Soviet gested the formation of a commit- Republic, many Mohammedans, tee for German Mohammedans, which have left Russia and settled in was actually formed at the beginning Esthonia, where there are now about of 1929. The organization consists 300. Finland also has Mohammedan of Moslems of German nationality settlers to the number of about 950. who have become adherents of this religion. They have subscribed to an Alliance of Jews agreement whereby they will settle all 'disputes with other Mohammedans be- A NEW movement has arisen in fore an Islamite court. All have Hungary to bring into an Aladopted Arabic names in place of liance all Jews who believe in Christ, their baptismal names.-Devaranne. whether connected with a church or not. The leader of this movement is To Starve Out Religion Dr. Foeldes, a Hungarian Jewish lawyer and prominent jurist who is T HE following has been received also a Christian. When interviewed from Russian sources believed to regarding the Alliance, Dr. Foeldes be authentic: said: "One fundamental basis is that everyone has a right to live his own "Some time ago the Soviet authori- life as a Christian, and we do not deties permitted the Baptists to publish mand adherence to any dogmas or 25,000 Bibles in Moscow, and 25,000 creeds. The only requirement for New Testaments with Psalms in the membership in the Alliance is a contown of Harkow. This work was fession of faith in Christ. That alone stopped before it could be completed. holds us together. Everyone is wel- The magazine The Baptist of Ukrainia come to our conferences, and whoever has ceased to exist, and the magazine visits us once will be fully convinced The Bapti.~t has to undergo so minute that we are not a mystical sect, but a a censorship that the Czarist regime company that believes and teaches the would be jealous of it." Bible as the Word of God and the truth in Christ as it is written and Methodist Union in England without distortion."

METHODIST bodies in Great Brit- The movement was known in Ger- ain proposing to unite are the many before the war and has greatly Wesleyans, with a membership of 517,- developed since then. It is spreading 000; the Primitive Methodists, 224,- in France, England and also in Amer- 000 and the United Methodists 145,000. ica. Negotiations started in 1913, and a definite scheme was ready by 1919, but Fa.mous French Seminary opposition, chiefly among the Wesleyans, has resulted in delay. A mag- THE Paris Theological Seminary, nanimous spirit on all sides has made founded in Strassburg during the it possible for one after another of Reformation, is responding to inthe leaders of the opposition to come creased demands for theological trainover to the side of union, and last year ing of students from Czechoslovakia, Methodist leaders petitioned Parlia-

Roumania, Poland, the Balkan States, Of the 91 counties included in the sur- Japan, and the United States. Grad- vey 50 are in Missouri, 30 in Arkansas uates of this Seminary have served and 11 in Oklahoma. This area is every section of France, as well as im- 85% rural; its people very largely pOl·t~nt parishQs in England, Belgium, native born white, and for the most Switzerland, Germany, Holland, Amer- part would be classed as Protestant ica and the missionary lands of Africa, rather than Catholic. Headquarters Indo-China, Madagascar and Tahiti. are in the Y. M. C. A., Springfield, Mo.

The roll of its alumni is a blue book of religious leadership. Religious Press Conference Huguenot Hospital THE fourteen editors of religious periodicals who attended the an- L A SYMPATHIE," the mission hos- nual meeting of the Executive Com- pital of the French South-East mittee of the Federal Council of Mission, in Dig n e, Basses-Alpes, Churches in Chicago, December 4-6, France, has been in operation a little had an interesting conference for the over a year. There are 57 patients in discussion of their common problems.

a building built to accommodate fifty. Dr. Paul S. Leinbach, editor of the The hospital has been a great boom to Reformed Church Messenger and the Protestant sick of the region, and Chairman of the Editorial Council of has furnished a wonderful opportunity the Religious Press Association, pre- for evangelization. In the Province of sided. The Conference recommended Basses-Alpes there are over 200 vil- to the Committee on Motion Pictures, lages. Patients are coming from many appointed by the last meeting, that it of these, and upon their return to arrange for a frank conference with their homes take the Gospel message. officials of the motion picture industry, The plan of the mission is to follow up and that, in preparation for its report every such opening. A colporteur has to the next meeting, it undertake to been secured to take advantage of secure as many pertinent facts as pos- these opportunities. He will traverse sible concerning the present situation.

the region, visiting in the homes of all Plans were made for the next an- ex-patients, holding meetings, preach- nual editorial conference, which will ing the Gospel, and distributing the be held in Washington, D. C., April Scriptures. 29 and 30, under the chairmanship of Dr. Leinbach. A committee, which NORTH AMERICA was charged with responsibility for Couperation in the Ozark. outlining a series of topics for the CHURCH superintendents and su- conference consists of John van pervisors of mission work are Schaick, Jr., of the Christian Leader; more keenly aware than ever before Dan B. Brummitt, of the Northwest- that close cooperation between the va- ern Christian Advocate, and U. M.

rious denominations is necessary if McGuire, of The Baptist.

the people in the average rural com- munity are to be afforded adequate Friends Consider Union religious privileges. A survey now AMONG the many movements toward being made promises real progress. A f i church union, the newest de- local Ozark Committee of the Home velopment appeared at the "All- Missions Council, representing eleven Friends' Conference" held in Oska- denominations having churches in the loosa, Ia., last fall. An effort was Ozark country, has recently been begun to draw into fellowship the four formed for the purpose of making an bodies known as Orthodox or Con- "Every Community Church Survey" servatives, Liberal or Hicksite, Wil- of the upland counties of Southern burites, and Primitive. The Orthodox Missouri, Arkansas and eastern Okla- or Conservatives, mixed with Progres- homa, popularly known as the Ozarks. sives, number nearly five to one of the

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

total Friends in the United States; classes in the United States, Canada Liberals or Hicksites have upward of and a few foreign countries. This 16,000 members; Wilburites number- large supply of the "Gospel in Print" ing 3,500 are quite Conservative, with consisted of 40,829 books of the Moody a touch of the oldest conservatism, Colportage Library, 43,872 copies of while the Primitives are very few in the Evangel Booklets, 60,779 copies of number and occupy an independent at- the Pocket Treasury (a collection of titude. Scripture portions, songs and helps), 42,957 attractive gospel tracts, 4,413 To this Conference came Friends Emphasized Gospels of John, and 1,817 from all parts of the United States New Testaments-a total of 194,167 and Canada, from England, the old copies. This was sent in 8,218 ship- London Yearly Meeting, from Ireland, ments to every state in the Union; to from France, Germany, Japan, Aus- Canada, Alaska, Porto Rico, the Philiptralia and other countries. pines and six foreign countries. It was furnished to the teachers and Divisions which have interposed the more important differences received attention, and it was agreed that since scholars of 1,824 mountain /lchools, peace has been from the first a cardinal and the inmates of 1,100 penal instituprinciple of Quakerism, much can be tions; to patients in city, county and gained by removing the spirit of dis- national hospitals; to pioneers, lum- sension among its groups. berjacks and others.

President Hoover is a member of the Orthodox or Conservative group. Change of Heart7 For Crime Prevention T HE California Commission on Im- migration has issued the following A NATIONAL Commission on Crime Rules for the Treatment of Foreign- Prevention through Moral and ers: Religious Education is to be organized Don't snub foreign people. Make by the Church League, an interdenom- friends of them.

inational organization wit h head- Don't laugh at their questions about quarters at 156 Fifth Avenue, New American life. Answer them. York City. The purpose of this commission will be to supplement the work Don't profit by their ignorance of of President Hoover's Commission on American law. Help remove it. Law Observance and Enforcement. Don't mimic their broken English. The plan is to discover on the basis Help correct it. of all ascertainable facts how effective is the present moral and religious edu- Don't call them offensive nickcation in keeping those who receive it names. How would you like it yourout of criminal careers, and also to self? suggest practical ways in which appropriate moral and religious educa- Don't make the immigrant hate tion can be extended to one half of the America. Make him love America. In other words, be an American-and be a Christian.

youth of America from 5 to 18 years Conference of Negro Educators A of age who are not now receiving such CONFERENCE of presidents and theological deans of the major training from any source, Protestant, Roman Catholic or Jewish. Negro schools, maintained in the Shipments of Christian Literature South by the American Baptist Home Mission Society, was held in Atlanta, DURING December, the Bible Insti- Georgia, October 9-11. The first day tute Colportage Association of was devoted to a consideration of the Chicago mailed seven and one-half religious condition of these colleges. tons of evangelical Christian litera- The second day took up the theological ture to accredited workers for free departments of the schools. While distribution among several neglected the total number of students for the 5

ministry remains practically the same, feat has not been the conversion of a the number pursuing full theological certain number of Japanese but the courses is greater than ever before, foundation of a vigorous native though inadequate to the needs. The church. It is the test of Christianity third day was given to the needs of that it can adapt itself to all civilizathe average Negro pastor, especially tions and improve all, and the future in the rural districts, and to the pos- lies with the native church in Japan." sible methods of giving him a broader outlook and better methods, and ele- Unl'eached Millions mentary training for his work. The schools unanimously approved the es- MANY in America are inclined to tablishment of ministers' institutes, believe that Japan has advanced designed to start the ministers who so far in Western civilization that she attend them in courses of study which has discarded idols, that ancient faiths will be continued in ministers' clubs have lost their hold and that it is only and correspondence courses. It is a matter of time before she will behoped to secure the cooperation of come the Christian nation of the East. Negro state conventions and national While this may be true of the eduorganizations of white state conven- cated upper classes, it is by no means tions, of each of the theological true of millions of the lower classes. schools, and of the Home Mission Thousands of artisans, fishermen and Society and friends in the North. boatmen, petty shopkeepers and la- borers are practically untouched by JAPAN the Gospel, while in many a village and hamlet there is not one witness The Gospel's Power for Christ. The farmers, too, are practically unreached. On all these, CHRISTIANITY is recognized by old religions and superstitions have a the Japanese Government as one firm hold. Ancestor worship, fox worof the three religions of Japan. ship and other cults are mixed up with Though the number of openly pro- Buddhism, and in nearly every house fessed Christians is comparatively there is the god-shelf with its idols, small, Christian influence is firmly its flowers and rice offerings. The rooted in the life and thought of the Church of Christ has scarcely begun nation. It is interesting to note that to touch these people. They can be a Japanese playwright, in 1928, pro- effectually reached only by Japariese duced in the Imperial Theatre, Tokyo, Christians.-C. M. S. Gleaner. a drama entitled "Christus," follow- ing very closely the Gospel story, World Wide Task of Missions carrying it through to the risen, liv- ing Lord. The appreciative response REV. A. EBISAWA, General Secre- of the audience, largely non-Christian, tary of the National Christian was significant. Council of Japan, paid a second visit to America as a delegate to the Inter- Another evidence of the lliace national 'Missionary Council at Wil- Christianity has won is the recogni· liamstown, Mass. He writes of this tion it receives from non-Christian visit: Japanese leaders who' acknowledge, not only its influence upon Japanese "1 found many changes in American Hfe, but the power it has had in their life, due to the development of me- 'own personal lives and the difference chanical civilization, and to material it has made in their thinking and con- prosperity. Nine years ago, when traveling through the States, I was al- duct. most in blind love, idealizing every- The Japan Advertiser on May 15, thing American; but this time I found that 1 could not remain alto- 1929, had an editorial "Has Chris- gether in blind admiration. I came to tianity Failed in Japan?" The writer feel that we also have to share in aRserts: "Their [the missionaries'-, great

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

sympathetic attitude the burdens of and one young Japanese (Mr. Yoshiour Christian leaders in America. da), in the new building. By re- Surely the world has many troubles. markable Providences and by archi- Each nation and people has its own tectural work for income, the Mission peculiar problems; but it is the high has 'grown till now it comprises privilege of us Christian brothers to about 100 workers, and has spread its be able to share each other's burdens activities into many parts of the provfor the glory of our common Lord. ince. The property is held by a Foun- My heart leaps with joy when I look dation incorporated in Japan as the forward to the great task ahead of us. O'illi Kirisutokyo Jizen Kyokwa Our new Government, the Hamaguchi Zaidan, which insures the permanency Cabinet, has just started a 'Spiritual of its work. The Mission's platform Mobilization,' calling for the coopera- is: tion of all social and religious organizations to meet and help in the solution 1. To preach and practice the Gosof the national, economic and thought- pel in the Province of Omi without life problems. It gives us Christians reference to denominations. There another opportunity to redouble our being no "Omi Mission Church," conefforts, and perhaps even to lead the verts are organized into self-supportreligious and social workers of other ing congregations of the denominasystems. I helieve the time has now tions of their own choice. come when our churches, being somewhat developed, will be able to enter 2. To practice the complete unifyinto real cooperation with the churches ing of the work and fellowship of of other lands in the work for the ad- Japanese and foreign workers. vancement of the Kingdom in all the world. Real world-wide cooperation in 3. To evangelize communities unfulfilling the last command of our occupied by any other Mission, and Lord, 'Go ye therefore, and make dis- under no circumstances to overlap ciples of all the nations,' is really just with the work of such Mission. beginning." 4. To evangelize Rural communities, Rural Evangelization as the most conservative element of mankind and the most probable source T HE Omi Mission is an undenomi- of ,leadership. national experiment in rural evangelization, supported by voluntary 5. To seek, enlist and train leaders contributions. It was founded in and workers. 1905 by Wm. Merrell Vories, who came to Omi as teacher of English in the 6. To work for social betterment, local Government academies. In his including temperance, social purity, own house he conducted Bible classes marriage customs, industrial, physical for students. About 30 were Boon and sanitary reforms, and definite efbaptized and a student Y. M. C. A. forts for the neglected. organized. The Herbert Andrews Memorial building was erected for 7. To study and experiment with this work. The rapid spread of Chris- new methods of evangelization. tian influence caused suspicion and opposition, which resulted in pressure Relief for Night Workers upon the school authorities. Mr. Vories was offered a renewal of con- NIGHT work from 11 p. m. to 5 tract only upon promise to give up all p. m. for young persons and womreligious activities. This was, of en working in factories in Japan came course, impossible. to an end on July 1, 1929, the prohi- bition affecting approximately 1,000 In April, 1907, the second period of young persons and 196,000 women. this Mission began with one foreigner Hereafter Japanese cotton mills will be operated on a two-shift basis from 5 a. m. to 11 p. m., and the actual hours of work will be reduced from 10 hours to eight and one-half a day.

Many factories celebrated the day. The industrial association of the Oka-

yama Prefecture requested its affili- as their life occupation. The future of ated factories to have all their em- Syria is tied up with a number of re- ployees examined medically on that ligious and economic problems, but no day and to start courses in athletics, need is more important than that of and it has set apart the date to be ob- Christian home making. Three years served annually as "health day." Some ago the Presbyterian Church initiated factories are planning for their lei- an educational project new to Syria sure-time activities to include lessons -the Sidon Girls' School. The study in flower arrangement, artificial flow- course was planned to cover six years'

er-making, and etiquette, as well as in training in food, clothing, home man- language, ethics and cooking. agement and child care. One of the first graduates is now dietician in the WESTERN ASIA Lebanon Y. W. C. A. camp, the first Syria Ha. Mental Ho.pital Syrian girl to fill such a position.

T HE Lebanon Hospital for Mental The plant as originally designed is Diseases is not in the forefront of now complete and consists of the adpublic thought, but in a quiet, unosten- ministration building, with class rooms, tatious way it is doing splendid work auditorium, office and reception room in Syria. Interdenominational and in- and laboratory, and four cottages ternational in character, it is a com- planned according to the prevailing plete unit for the treatment of mental type of Syria home architecture. Each afflictions in a country where provision contains a teacher's room, two sleeping for illness is far behind either Pales- rooms for girls, bathroom and kitchen.

tine or Egypt. Ten girls and a house mother live in The work haG been achieved by a each cottage, the house mother being group of international committees, one of the teachers. Seventy boarding Swiss, Dutch, American, Syrian, Eng- students can be accommodated. lish and Scotch, who charged them- selves with the responsibility of A Welcome Change framing policy and providing capital, and who have furnished and equipped SOME time ago, owing to restrictions this hospital for 30 years. The doors in regard to Christian teaching, of the hospital have not been closed which the Turkish Government had imthrough all the vicissitudes of famine posed, the Jewish Mission Committee and revolution, political change and of the Church of Scotland came to the war, and the one aim has been to heal conclusion that their mission in Conall sorts and conditions of men, not stantinople (or Istamboul, the name only of their mental diseases but of now insisted on) would have to close. their spiritual diseases also. lt is now reported by The Record of the Church of Scotland that a change The need is great and accommoda- has come over the authorities, who have tion is very limited-only one bed to expressed a desire that the work should every 16,300 people in Syria, whereas continue. The report continues: "This, in Palestine there is one to every 6,000 of course, could only be on the Comand in Egypt one to 4,500. The hos- mittee's terms, and it must be gratifypital is full to overflowing. The total ing to friends to learn that the scheme income for the year was $40,000, the devised by Rev. R. C. Macanna, and greater bulk of which was derived approved by the Committee, has been from patients' payments.-Evangelica~ adopted."-The Christian.

Christian.

Home Economics in Syria Changes in Afghanistan H OME Economics education i.n Syria NADIR SHAH, King of Afghani- is in its infancy, but famIly con- stan, in a recent proclamation Bets sciousness is strong, and the majority forth the future policy of his regime of girls look forward to homemaking in the following ten points:

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

1. The principle of Islamic law posed, also, to repudiate the British (Hanafi) will be the basis of the ad- debt, the interest on which is said to ministration. 2. Total prohibition of reach the enormous total of $2,500,- alcoholic liquor. 3. Establishment of 000,000 annually.

a military school and arsenal for man- To this must be added China's rev- ufacturing modern arms. 4. Continu- ocation of extra-territorial rights, ance of King Amannullah's relations which affects Great Britain more than with foreign powers. 5. Restoration any other nation; the unsatisfactory of telegraphs and telephones. 6. Re- conclusions of the commission of in- conditioning of all roads. 7. Energetic quiry into the Palestine Arab-Zionist measures for the recovery of arrears feud; rioting in Nigeria, Africa; in- of revenue. 8. Development of com- tertribal warfare in Bulow&, South mercial relations with foreign powers. Africa; an uprising at Apia, Samoa; 9. A progressive educational policy. and smoldering volcanoes in Egypt and 10. The old Council of State to be con- Mesopotamia.

tinued and a Prime Minister to be ap- pointed who will form a cabinet World Alliance for Friendship subject to the approval of the king. THE Executive Committee of the World Alliance for International Friendship through the Churches met GENERAL Significant Events for the first time on French soil last I N THE leading editorial of the No- September. In ten years this organi- vember number of Jewish Mission- zation has made very great progress. ary Magazine, Dr. Thomas M. Chalmers, Director of the New York Jew- There are now national branches in 31 countries and the Alliance com- ish Mission, points out seven notable mands international respect. The events of the present year which have French Government went so far as to striking significance prophetically. send a telegram wishing all success to These are: the Papal-Fascist concor- its meeting at Avignon. That the Aldat; the proposed revival of the Jewish liance is capable of handling a difficult Sanhedrin for the retrial of Jesus; task is shown by its quietly settling, the formation of the Jewish Agency, at Avignon, a complicated dispute of uniting Zionists and non-Zionists in long standing between its Bulgarian the restoration movement; the Arab- and Yugoslav members. Jewish riots; the proposed International Bank; the enlarged Peace and The work of the Stockholm Contin- Safety propaganda; and proposals for uation Committee has a profound increating the United States of Europe. terest for the Alliance and at its last meeting it accepted almost all the resolutions passed at Eisenach. It Portentous Events further proposed that in case of dec- T HE "White Man's Burden" has laration of an aggressive war or of passed from poetry into grim real- violation of international law, the ity. Recent developments indicate that Churches should refrain from all col- India is to be Britain's most important laboration with the defaulting State.

problem this year. The Indian Na- It organized two stimulating summer tional Congress voted, January 1, 2, schools last year. The one at Vau- by a vote of 994 to 6, to secede from marcus brought together students, the British Empire and to maintain agricultural laborers and employees, complete independence. The plan of and a group of the Knights of Peace.

the seceders is said to be to enter im- Discussion centered around the ques- mediately upon a campaign of civil dis- tion: Is it possible to be a good Chris- obedience, nonpayment of taxes and tian and an intolerant patriot at the noncooperation with the British gov- same time? The gathering voted that ernment. The British authorities are "the Churches should condemn all characterized as intruders. It is pro- wars, arising out of causes not sub-

mitted to international arbitration or He says that Protestant missions declared contrary to the decision of own and control 858 hospitals with the International Court." Another 31,264 beds. In these 389,712 patients group from eight different countries have received medical attention, out of met at Schloss Westerburg (Ger- which 198,844 were operative cases. many). Here too the problems of There are 1686 dispensaries in which peace and of the Church and modern last year 10,441,539 consultations were youth were discussed. held, while there were also 137,152 house visits. 'THE World Alliance for Peace number of December 15th of There are now 513 native doctors the periodical PortugaL Evangelico (male) and 99 female doctors in the various fields, together with 2,597 male is devoted to the subject of world assistants and 2,861 female, besides 1,085 trained nurses, peace. This number brings a long re- For every 25 mission workers there port by Alfredo da Silva on the Con- is now one medical missionary. The largest number are working in Asia ference held at Avignon in France. where there are 596 male and 321 fe- male doctors, and 640 foreign nurses. After giving the history of the China and India are the preferred countries, having in China a total of movement and the effort to make it 499 doctors and 327 hospitals with 16,- 608 beds. India has 297 doctors, two effective in every country, he reports medical schools for women, recognized by government and enormous hospithe meeting itself. This was attended tals. Africa with its 140 million natives has however only 157 doctors among by 39 delega'tes, one from each country whom 15 are women with 282 foreign nurses. These few have to fight sleepparticipating. He reports as the chief ing sickness, yellow fever, tuberculosis, syphilis, the evil effects of the slave topics engaging the attention of the trade, alcohol and the most unhygienic conditions. conference the subject of disarmament The rest of the missionary medical and the resolution to set aside one forces are divided among Turkey, Au- stralasia, Latin America and the Unit- Sunday, preferably the Sunday before ed States, In China 279 of the hospitals are self-supporting. Christmas to bring before all 'Chris- The European participation in this tian people the problem of peace and magnificent work is small in compari- son. The entire continent furnishes the obligation incumbent upon them to only 89 doctors, Great Britain 518 and the United States and Canada 700. bring about the ideals of Christ in re- Educational Comm.i••iollS gard to universal peace. This idea he THERE were presented to the Comrecommends to the thoughtful atten- mittee of Reference and Council proposals for two educational commistion of the readers of this Portuguese sions, one for Japan and the other for India. The appointment of such a paper which is the organ of the Meth- commission to Japan was heartily en- dorsed by the committee and plans odist Church of Portugal. . were suggested looking toward the ap- pointment of such a commission when EL Suspension of a Religious Paper the. way seems clear for it. A list of MUNDO CRISTIANO which has been appearing for thirteen years in Mexico has suspended publication for one year with the hope of resuming after that time. The reasons given are largely those connected with financial retrenchment. The number in which this is announced is a very beautiful Christmas number which makes the fact stand out with particular sadness, Medical MissioDS DR, OLPP, of the Institute for Tropical Diseases In Tuebingen, publishes in his last report, some very illteresting figures about medical missions.

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

subjects which might form an outline in a proper spirit, can be considerof the commission's responsibilities ably amplified." was suggested. With regard to the commission for India the committee Gandhi Did Not Lead Indian Congress had before it the very carefully drawn proposals of the National Christian MAHATMA GANDHI refused to Council of India, supported by the con- accept the chairmanship of the ference at Agra and by the various Indian National Congress, which met provincial educational associations and in Lahore December 31. The secreother bodies, together with certain tary of the Indian Freedom Foundasuggested terms of reference which tions, which has headquarters in New had been outlined by the representa- York, regards this as a most signifitives of the British boards having cant development in Indian affairs. work in India. The proposal for the The leader nominated to succeed commission was approved in general Gandhi is Jawarharial Nehru, son of and the officers were requested to take the Pundit Motilal Nehru and leader up the matter with the various na- of the Swarajists, or Home Rule party, tional organizations concerned with a in the Indian Legislative Assembly. view to securing agreement on the He is an extremist, the opposite of terms of reference and the necessary Gandhi in policy, and the young Inpersonnel for the commission as well dia party which he leads declares for as finances. It is proposed that the complete independence. For ten years commission should consist of seven Nehru, who is thirty-seven and a members, two to be appointed by In- graduate of Oxford, has been active dia, two by Great Britain, and two in the militant campai~n fQr freedom. from North America, with the seventh He believes that Gandhi's era of pasmember as chairman to be appointed sive resistance and noncooperation is by the International Missionary Coun- at an end.-Missi()n.~.· cil. The present expectation is that this commission should go to India Purdah Patients during the winter of 1930-31. A VISITOR to the Ludhiana Wom- INDIA en's Christian Medical Center describes what she saw: Gandhi Ask. for Milk Each patient occupied a private ward, ONE of the subjects studied by Dr. supplied with a lattice door to the cen- Kenyon L. Butterfield, agricul- tral courtyard, and a back entrance to tural leader, now on his way to In- the street. Crouching around were various dia on behalf of the International members of the family,-the grand- Missionary Council, will be a plea for mother minding the smaller children, improving the cattle and increasing the milk supply for the children. and the husband recliriibg at ease in a Mahatma Gandhi recently wrote to Bishop Fred B. Fisher: long chair, keeping laz9·,"guard over the observance of the strict. regulation "What American friends may do in giving constructive help (for the In- a which must in no wise be relaxed in the dian children) is not to send doles of charity but to send expert knowledge unfamiliar setting of Christian hosin dairying-true philanthropists who pital. He came and went freely by the will give knowledge for the sake of street door, but might never pass through giving it, and who will study the con- the swinging lattice into the court, for dition of India's cattle and show us as no other man might ever look upon the way of improving our breed and the woman whom he had married, so the supply of milk from the existing must he never see the face of another cattle. This idea, if it is entertained Mohammedan's wife.

The demands of the Hindu patient are even more exacting, for she may touch no food unless prepared in a special kitchen by women of her own caste, and hospital arrangements must adapt themselves to these requirements. The exigencies of a surgical operation, how- ever, often require a patient to take nourishment from the hand of a West- ern doctor or non-caste nurse, and the

'consequent violation of social tradition case. Cancer of the mouth and tongue calls for most drastic action. Before is preeminently the type of cancer the woman may resume her position in most easily and hopefully treated by her own household she must submit to radium." rituals of purification which demand that she bathe in sacred waters and par- Dehra Dun Girls' School take of the five products of the cow. 'l'HE Seventieth Anniversary of the Christianity Stands Third .1 American Presbyterian Mission T'HE Presbyterian reports that Christians now stand third among Girls' High School was held September all the religious communities in India. 27 to 30 at the school in Dehra Dun. In the census of 1921, their number The school was opened as a Day was nearly five millions. The rapid School with about fifteen' pupils in growth of the Christian community 1856. The following year it became a since 1881 is indicated by the follow- boarding school. In 1868 grant from ing table showing the proportion per Government was received, eighteen 10,000 of population: acres of land were purchased and the present building was built to accom- 1881 1921 modate 150 girls. To this has later been added a gymnasiurn with class- Hindus …………. . 7,197 6,589 rooms on either side. Plans are now Sikhs ………….. . 63 96 in preparation for a new dormitory, Moslems ………… . classrooms, and more equipment. In Christians .. : ……. . 2,260 2,407 1876 came the first marked educational Buddhists ………. . 58 123 success in the passing of the Higher 465 Middle Examination for boys by the 172 first girl ever admitted to a public examination in India. That this high The percentage of increase of re- standard has been constantly mainligions in India from 1881 to 1921 is tained is witnessed by the large as follows: Christians, 150 per cent; number who pass the Government ex- Moslems, 37 per cent; Zoroastrians, aminations each year. However, the 20 per cent; total population, 24 per primary aim of the school is not to cent. promote scholarship, but rather to de- velop Christian character, and equip Radium for Neyyoor young women for the fullest possible service.-Indian Standard. AS A result of the casual mention .tl. which Dr. Howard Somervell Santal Mission made in a recent wireless talk in Eng- THE Santal Mission is operated land about the Neyyoor L. M. S. Hos- jointly by three Lutheran Boards, pital, of his desire to take back a sup- one in Norway, one in Denmark, and ply of radium when he returns to one in the United States. The mis- South India, he has received gifts sionaries are recruited from each of aggregating $800. Radium of the these three countries, but are organvalue of this latter sum, he tells a cor- ized and work on the field as a single respondent, "will enable us to treat unit. Reports show there are 17,169 about 100 to 150 cases each year, with Christians. Average church attendmuch greater prospect of cure (and ance totals 6,205, while the average much less work for me incidentally) number of communicants is recorded than would be the case by operation as 1,889. A good gain was made for alone. Moreover, many cases that we the period under review, which was 15 now have to send away to die a miser- instead of the usual 12 months, owing able death could, with radium, be to a change in the system of keeping saved and often completely cured, so the records. Baptisms numbered 630 great is the advance that radium children of Christians and 1,069 contreatment has made lately. We do over 200 operations a year on cancer of the mouth alone, possibly the largest number done by any hospital in the world for this particular class of

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

verts from nonChristians. In addition The capture had been carried out in to the fifty-one missionaries twenty- the same place and by the same band two pastors, 225 elders, 70 Bible wom- of alleged Communists who carried en and 143 teachers are engaged in the off the Rev. Ulrich Kreutzen, Michigan work of the church. missionary, Nov. 11th. Father Kreut- zen later was released on payment of a CHINA small ransom.

Fanrlne Over Wide Area ANNIBALISM is added to the hor- Religion in the Schools C rors of famine and cold, reported U to have taken 2,000,000 lives in China NDER present government restric- tion, religious subjects can not be within eight months. Another 2,000,- taught, nor chapel services held in 000 persons are said to be doomed to schools. The Boys' School of Lintsing, die by starvation. met this by employing a preacher to George Andrews, a missionary born work among students outside school in Kansu Province, after nine months hours, while in the Girls' School a Y. of relief work there, said famine, dis- W. C. A. was organized. This group ease and exposure in Kansu, Shensi held meetings once a week, conducted and Shansi provinces had caused one classes in the evening for school emof the most terrible situations ever ployees, Sunday-school classes in the experienced in China, and that pros- city and evangelistic work in the hospects for the coming year are that pital. In the spring, however, the Northwest China probably will experi- school board insisted upon the disconence a plague of disease and famine tinuance of the Y. W. C. A. because that will be the worst within human the schools must have a uniform stumemory. dent organization with no religious Relief work in the interior provinces exercises. The girls, much displeased, of Shensi, Kansu and Shansi, is ex- decided that it was about time a·clear tremely difficult because of the rugged showing was made as to who were, mountainous country and difficulty of and who were not Christians. As a transporting supplies. He expressed result, nine joined the church by bapsorrow that missionaries and relief or- tism and five or six on probation. ganizations had been able to save only a small proportion of the afflicted. In spite of a small attendance on Sunday, there are two voluntary Bible Mr. Andrews testifies that he wit- classes led by Christian workers outnessed many instances of cannibalism, side the faculty, with a good enroland that although authorities at first ment, and grace before meat was voltried to stop the practice, they later untarily organized. abandoned the effort. Many books and periodicals of help- Missionaries Kidnapped ful character and religious tone are readily available for student reading. REV. S. W. K. SANDY and the Rev. E. H. Livesly, representatives of Chinese Banditry the British Wesleyan Mission at Ta- yeh, in Southeastern Hupeh Province, THE stations of the Liebenzell Mishave been captured by bandits, who sion in the province of Hunan are are reported to be holding them for a in constant danger at the hands of the large ransom. bandits. The Alliance Mission of Bar- men has sent home a long report de- Three hundred Nationalist Govern- voted almost entirely to this evil. One ment soldiers sent from Hankow to Tayeh to rescue the missionaries, of its missionary families has been joined the Communists upon arrival robbed of everything three times durat Hwangshihkang and are said to be ing the last year. In the south of assisting the Reds in their occupation Kwang-tung there is a large strip of of Tayeh, a Communist stronghold. territory entirely in the hands of the

robbers and to which no soldiers ven- LATIN AMERICA ture. Nursing in Peru Although banditry is a Chinese evil and missionaries formerly were able T HE Evangelical Union of South to continue their work unharmed by America is an amalgamation of negotiating with the robbers, the evil several smaller organizations. The has assumed a much worse form, since fact that South America was left out these robbers are very largely mixed of consideration at the World Missionwith communists and are determined ary Conference at Edinburgh, in 1910, to wipe out religion. Chinese Chris- roused several leaders to united action tians, catechists and pupils are being on behalf of the Neglected Continent. captured and some are put to death The South America Evangelical Misunder the most atrocious conditions. sion in Brazil united with the Argen- tine and Peru missions of the R. B. Since the middle of August, three M. U., and they were joined a little missionaries of the Basel Mission, later by the "Help for Brazil Mission." Kilper, Walter and Fischle, are in cap- At Keswick in 1912 the fusion was tivity, and a demand has been made for completed and the E. U. S. A. came a ransom of $2,000,000.00 Mex. It is into being. There has been steady not intended that any ransom be paid, growth since that time. since then all missionaries would be in constant'danger of being kidnapped. Back in the mountains of Peru, Miss The missions for the same reason have Pinn and Miss Michell labor in a reconstantly refused to pay ransom for mote Indian village, innocent of every captured Chinese Christians. The ordinary comfort. They live in a little wives of the captive missionaries are adobe shack, and carryon district displaying the utmost heroism in rec- nursing. "Distracting nursing" many ommending that no ransom be paid. would call it. These ladies crawl into the Indian huts, and without the help Chinese Home Missions of a doctor, undertake the most des- perate cases. There is no light save WRITING of the progress of the what comes through the low door. Chinese Church, The Chinese Re- The dirt is unspeakable, the place is corder describes the work of the Chi- alive with vermin, and the patient has nese Home Missionary Society, an nothing but a filthy sheepskin for a organization supported by Chinese bed. Any cure under such conditions funds, governed by Chinese officers would seem miraculous, but as a matand employing and sending out as ter of fact recovery is the rule. All deputation workers Chinese mission- day long the Indians come for mediaries. The Society is well organized cine, and every night the ladies hold a and is at present supported by eight gcspel meeting in the Quechua lanlocal societies. The Recorder com- guage.-The Chl'iNtian. ments thus: "Not many years ago the Chinese were criticised as having little The Bible in Cakchiquel or no missionary spirit; as knowing nothing outside their own lands in the NINE years of labor have culmiway of Christian progress. This can nated in a translation of the New no longer be said. This Society, which Testament into the Cakchiquel Indian began work in Yunnan alone, is now language of Guatemala by Mr. and branching out to Turkestan, Man- Mrs. W. Cameron Townsend, missionchuria, and other parts. The Chinese aries to these Indians. Mr. Towndelegates to Jerusalem were asked at send tells of some of their difficulties: Singapore if they could extend their "Humanly speaking, the task was imhelp to that part. It is likely that in possible. The language was unwritthe future the word 'Home' will be left ten. There were no teachers who out of the title and it will become 'The understood grammar. There were no Chinese Missionary Society.''' competent linguists to undertake the task. After two months of arduous

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

questioning, writing and comparing, Fetra. Hundreds of women now prom- we discovered a few of the elementary inent in the life of Chile, including rules of the language and formulated daughters of several presidents of the something of a vocabulary. It has republic, have been educated in the been a long road from that small be- college. Recently the trustees pur- ginning to the classification of over chased a site of seven acres upon the 2,000 verb forms. We have come to edge of the city, upon which it is greatly respect the Cakchiquel lan- planned to erect a group of modern guage. It is not an evolved language school buildings.

like English, but exists in its original purity to a remarkable degree.-Bible Mission for Diamond Miners Society Record. A FEW years ago diamonds were American College in the Argentine discovered east of Burity in suf- ficient quantities to draw diamond THE American College in Buenos miners from all over Brazil, and to Aires, largest city of South Ameri- open up a large section practically unca, announces itself a "Venture in inhabited, except by Indians.

Friendship." Believing that in Chris- Some of the diamond miners were tian education there is more power to believers from other parts of Brazil, solve the problems of international re- and they asked missionaries to send lations than' in battleships or secret someone into the new field. Rev. and diplomacy, this school is a good-will Mrs. A. C. Salley have itinerated dur- approach to the establishment of per- ing all of last year, by truck and Ford, manent international acquaintance and not only in the Matto Grosso section understanding between the Americans of this district, but also in that part of the North and those of the South, which extends into the state of Goyaz.

and is an interdenominational enter- They found the field absolutely unoc- prise conducted by the Methodist cupied, and so vast that it was decided Episcopal Church and the Disciples of they should work the Goyaz section Christ. and Rev. A. J. Martin the Matto Gros- Buenos Aires is a southern melting so section, this year.

pot. The industrious northern Italian, Work among these miners differs the evangelical Waldensians, the hard- from regular work in that the popula- working Gallego, the restless Catalan, tion is ever shifting. A man interested the energetic Basco, with a good share in the Gospel found in a certain loca- of French, Portuguese, German, tion by the missionary on one of his Czechs, Swiss and others are fusing visits, may be found in quite a differ- into a vigorous race. In the American ent location the next time the mission- College are representatives from them ary comes around. Men form at least all, including the English colony and 70 per cent of the population. Nearly a small number from the United everybody attends the meetings when States. the missionary arrives.-Presbyterian Advance.

For Santiago College THE completion of $150,000 by the ISLANDS Board of Foreign Missions of the Kagawa in Loo Choo S Methodist Episcopal Church, making INCE Mr. Kagawa returned from an evangelistic· trip to the Loo available an additional $150,000, for a new building and equipment for San- Choo islands he has been arousing tiago College for Girls, Santiago, Chile, Japanese moral sentiment to respon- is announced by Dr. Ralph E. Diffen- sibility for reform in those outlying dorfer, corresponding secretary of the dependencies. Mr. Kagawa says he is board,150 Fifth Avenue, New York. the first Japanese ever to visit Loo Santiago College was organized in Choo as a sociological investigator.

1880 by the Rev. and Mrs. Ira H. La He was amazed at what he found. The

Japanese people, he comments, would that missionaries should still be sent, learn a great deal about their origin as they needed them as leaders and and primitive state if they undertook guides. One of the most impressive the study of these islanders who speak things of Samoan life is evening a variety of the Japanese language prayers. As the darkness deepens, and fully 2000 years old, worship the same lights in the open Samoan houses mythological characters as did Japan shine out, someone begins a hymn. At that long ago, and are living at about once all fall into a quiet attitude of the same level of most ignoble culture. worship. Here and there round the But no one seems interested in Loo village the same occurs, and, since all Choo, except the liquor and tobacco houses are open, the impression is of interests. The people exist on about general worship going on round the five cents worth of sweet potatoes a coast of the island. The beautiful day, and no effort has been made by prayers of Robert Louis Stevenson are the Japanese government or foreign still well known.-The Chronicle. missionary agencies to educate along agricultural, industrial and cultural Church Growth in Papua lines. AS IN Paul's time reference was made .tl. to the "Church in the house of"

Returning Thanks some early Christian, so one may re- THE REV. J. ALFRED PEARCE fer to the house of George Lawes, at writes of his gratitude to God and Port Moresby, as the beginning of the the friends of The Haitien Gospel Mission who by their prayers and gifts Church in Papua. But the churches did not remain little gatherings under enabled the mission to close the year the house or on the verandah. In time, 1929 free of debt. Four converts were each village had its separate building baptized the last Sunday in the old devoted to the one pUrpose. Native year. Their testimonies were touch- buildings do not last many years in ing, especially that of a little girl of Papua, and as each needed renewing twelve. Ten more candidates for bap- the people improved the style of buildtism are being detained until they ing till now there are churches that have legalized their marriages. The have cost villages hundreds of pounds, staff of the mission consists of one and they are found not only in the European missionary, two Haitien neighborhood of Port Moresby, but scattered all along the coastline. evangelists and one Bible woman. At first the services were conducted In Samoa by missionaries from Britain and the South Sea Islands, but native deacons AN ASTONISHING report is to the were appointed, who began to take .tl. effect that in a village of about part in the services, and from the 100 houses a new church was recently early days they and the church mem- opened which cost £4,000, the entire bers were taught to take a share not cost being borne by the villagers. This only in the services, but in the man- appears to suggest that this Samoa agement of all church matters, and village has no poverty problem. Each decide for themselves who should be church is self-supporting, and sub- admitted to membership, and what dis- scribes to a central fund from which cipline should be enforced. It is now all boarding schools, training and the- nearly forty years since the first at- ological institutions are supported, al- tempt was made to get the natives to so to the London Missionary Society is contribute to the support of the work.

repaid all that it may spend in salaries The first Papuan contribution was £30, and traveling of missionaries for Sa- but this grew into one of considerably moa. The Society spends no money over £1,100 during the year 1927. In upon Samoa. When the Samoans un- addition, the people build their own dertook to do all this, they insisted churches and keep them in repair.

WORTH

Any books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by U8 on receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

The Nature of the Physical World. By A. Some of his statements are stagger- S. Eddington. C 8 vo. $3.75. Mac- ing. For example, we are told that the millan. New York. 1929. largest telescopes reveal about a thou- sand million stars; that there are so This handsome volume deals with many beyond present telescopic range one of the profoundest and yet most fascinating of mysteries. What is this that some estimates range from 3,000 universe of which we are a part? How to 80,000 million; that our sun is a very ordinary star compared with was it formed Z When did it start? stars which give at least 10,000 times How many stars are there? Are there its light; that although light travels many planets beside those in our solar at the rate of 186,000 miles a second, system? Are other parts of the uni- it has taken the light of the nearest verse inhabited, or is our earth the spiral nebula 850,000 light years to lone abode of man? These and kin- reach the earth; that biologists and dred questions are here discussed by geologists carry back the history of one of the greatest living scientists, the earth some thousand million years; the famous Professor of Astronomy in that the beginning of the sun as a Cambridge University, England. The luminous star must be dated five biltreatment is intended to be as popular lion years ago; that the universe is as the nature of the subject permits. running down and the sun losing its While much of the book is fairly easy light and heat by radiation and will reading, the author frankly says that ultimately lose so much that the earth "arguments of considerable difficulty will be rendered uninhabitable; but have to be taken in their turn." that it may continue as a star of in- creasing feebleness for 50 or 500 bil- The author reminds us that we must lion years – well, there are enough think of the material universe in a way statements of this kind to make an very different from that prevailing at ordinary reader gasp with amazement. the end of the last century; that our whole understanding of the physical But the author is far from any inworld has radically changed, that the tention to be sensational. He writes theory of relativity and the quantum soberly as a scientific man, to acquaint theory have led to strange new concep- his readers with the latest astronomtions; and that the progress of the ical knowledge. This is a great book, principles of thermodynamics has one of the most notable of modern conwrought more gradual but no less pro- tributions to the understanding of the found change. He tells us what these physical world by one of the most celechanges in scientific thought are and brated scientists of' the age, who finds what their philosophical outcome is. nothing in true science that is incom- His aim is to make clear the scientific view of the world at the present day, patable with religion, and who has and, where it is incomplete, to judge avowed his personal Christian faith the direction in which modern ideas as that of a Quaker. His book on appear to be tending. He then con- "Science and the Unseen World," siders the position which this scientific which is also reviewed in this numview should occupy in relation to the wider aspects of human experence, in- ber of the REVIEW, shows that he sees cluding religion. no conflict between science and re- ligion.

237

The Golden Bough. By Sir James George The New Catholic Dictionary. Compiled Frazer. C 8 vo. 752 pp. $5. Mac- under the direction of Conde B. Pallen, millan. New York. 1929. Ph.D., LL.D., and John J. Wynne, S.J., S.T.D., assisted by Charles F. Wemyss People who are interested in the Brown, Blanche M. Kelley, Litt.D., and myths, legends, folklore and traditions Andrew A. MacErlean, LL.B. 8 vo. of many peoples in various lands, and 1073 pp. $10. Universal Knowledge in the study of the numerous forms of Foundation. New York. 1929. magic, superstition and religion among primitive races, have long known of Protestants may well welcome this this monumental work – the most notable volume. Much of their prejuunique, complete and authoritative one dice against Roman Catholics in the in existence in this particular field. United States and much of Roman Many, however, who have longed to Catholics' prejudice against Protespossess it have been unable to do so tants are based upon misunderstandbecause hitherto it has been published ings. There are indeed important in twelve volumes at a price which was matters of faith and order upon which reasonable for a work of this magni- they widely differ and must continue tude but which was beyond the ability to do so. But they at least should of a large number of those who would have an intelligent idea as to what have liked to own it. Now, this those points really are and as to the numerous class can satisfy their de- reasons why each party holds to its sire, for the author has accomplished beliefs. They can then differ in a with remarkable success what might Christian spirit and each with due rehave been supposed to be the well-nigh gard for the sincerity of the other. impossible task of compressing within This volume is far and away the best the limits of one volume the enormous statement of the Roman Catholic posiwealth of material contained in the tion with which we are acquainted, and original dozen. The language of the as its editors are eminent Roman original text has been for the most Catholics, as it bears the imprimatur part preserved but in order to retain of the Cardinal Archbishop of New as much as possible, notes and ref- York, and as it is published under the erences to authors have been omitted. auspices of the editors of The Catholic The work is the fruit of more than Encyclopredia, it is authoritative. thirty years of profound and accurate study. Here are illuminating discus· The numerous articles were consions of the principles of magic and tributed by over 200 experts. They its relation to religion in history; the include every subject in religion, traevolution of kingship; the worship of dition, doctrine, morals, sacraments, trees and cereals; the propitiation of rites, customs, devotions and symbolgame and fish by savage hunters and ism; accounts of the Church in every fishers; the principles of taboo; the country, diocese and mission center; life and death of human gods; the religious orders, church societies, and custom of the scapegoat; the fire-fes- non-Christian religions. There are tivals of Europe; and the theory and articles on historical events and perpractice of the external soul. sonages in the Bible and on popes, prelates, priests, and laymen. The Golden Bough has already won such a recognized place in the The volume also contains articles on literature of superstition among primi- philosophy, psychology and education, tive races, classical folklore, anthro- on which there is a Catholic teaching, pology and comparative religion that canon law, ethics, social and political it is only necessary to acquaint the science, the arts which have served and readers of the REVIEW with the fact derived inspiration from religionthat it is now available in this com- painting, architecture, s cui p t u l' e, pact and comparatively inexpensive music, literature, artists and authors. The relation of science and religion is form. treated in special articles. It is a great advantage to have under one covel'

BOOKS WORTH READING

everything that one can wish to know gence and patience." The book is about this great Church. The pages complete, detailed and authoritative, are profusely illustrated and there are an indispensable aid to students and 12 fine maps. lovers of music.

Protestants will find here a rich Process and Reality. By Alfred N. Whitestore of valuable material. The wealth head. 546 pp. 8 vo. $4.50. The Macvf statistical information includes millan Company. New York 1929. Protestant churches as well as Roman Catholic. Each Protestant denomina- The author says in his Preface that tion is briefly described and its statis- "these lectures are based upon a retics given. We do not profess to have currence to that phase of philosophic carefully read all of the 1073 closely thought which began with Descartes printed pages of this monumental and ended with Hume. The philowork, but we have read enough to im- sophic scheme which they endeavor to press us not only with the ability and explain is termed the 'Philosophy of scholarship of the writers but with Organism.''' The book will be intertheir evident desire to be fair. We esting to advanced students of phiventure to suggest that the next time losophy and useful in the class rooms a Protestant hears or reads a criticism of graduate schools. The ordinary of some Roman Catholic teaching or reader will probably find it about as policy, he will be wise if he turns to difficult reading as a textbook on this volume and ascertains for himself higher mathematics. The author has just what the authorized position is evidently trained himself to think in on the question concerned. He may terms that relate to abstract ideas, and not agree with it, but he will under- his pages abound in technical words stand it at any rate, and not be de- generously supplied with prefixes and ceived by the wild distortions in the suffixes. He deals with various phases last presidential campaign. of philosophic thought and takes for granted a thorough knowledge of what The New Encyclopredia of Music and Mu- the great philosophers have taught sicians. Edited by Waldo Selden Pratt. from Plato to the present day. Readers C 8 vo. 970 pp. $3. Macmillan. New who have such knowledge will find the York 1929. book both interesting and valuable, This is a new and revised edition of and for them it was doubtless in- tended. Others will find it an intela work that first appeared several lectual struggle; but if they win years ago and that has won such a through, they will be well repaid. large place in the literature of music that a second edition is called for. A Pilgrimage to Palestine. By Harry The editor is universally recognized as Emerson Fosdick. 12 mo. 332 pp. one of the highest living authorities Macmillan. New York. $2.50. on musical matters. He is the musical editor of the Century Dictionary, This famous New York preacher is editor of the American supplement to at his best in this volume. He spent Grove's Dictionary of Music and four months in Egypt, Syria and Musicians, author of a History of Palestine, and he describes what he Music, and of numerous' other works. saw and felt with characteristic beauty This volume is a veritable mine of in- and clarity of diction and with a glow formation. It gives an amazing range of reverent feeling. It is not a mere and variety of facts. So competent a book of travel but a real contribution critic as the musical editorof the New to the literature of the places made York Times says that "this Encyclo- sacred by prophets and apostles and predia contains something about every- by the Lord of Life. He has supplied one and everybody in music; and, what the historical and biographical backis still more important, the means' are ground by identifying the places visitgiven for finding out more if more is ed with the scenes and events with wanted. The work is an extraordinary which they are forever associated, and achievement of scholarship, intelli- he has filled in gaps with a fine and

yet legitimate use of his imagination. The book lists and locates the tribes No other land in the world so teems of the Southern Continent and one is with inspiring associations, and Dr. startled by the number, ten million, Fosdick makes the whole wonderful with no Protestant missionary among pageant move before us, from Mt. them until 1913. Almost inaccessible Sinai to the Palestine of today, in a and absolutely neglected, they have series of graphic and thrilling chap- lived to themselves and in utter igno- ters. This is one of the most readable rance. Driven from the coast by in- and helpful books on Bible lands with coming whites, degraded into slavery, which we are acquainted. A bibliog- and thrust farther and farther back raphy, and indices of subjects, proper into the jungles, they had become names and s c rip t u r a I references haters of the white men who had come render the rich stores of material read- to them only to exploit and enslave.

ily available for future reference. Bitter poverty, crass ignorance, and fearful living conditions exist. Witch Palestine Today and Tomorrow. By John doctors, superstition and spirit wor- Haynes Holmes. 12 mo. 271 pp. $2.50. Macmillan. New York. 1929. ship are prevalent. But as we pro- This is "a Gentile's survey of Zion- ceed, we read of the humble but ultiism." He was invited to go to Palestine as the representative of Nathan mately successful formation of lives Straus, the generous benefactor of the Zionist Movement. He was thus able of the tribes among which the first to meet all leaders of the various communities, political and religious alike, mission was started. The book deamong Jews, Arabs, and British. It is upon this intimate experience that his scribes a modern romance of missions, book is based. He writes from the written in an entertaining style, and laying upon the home churches a re- sponsibility for a great field of endeavor among a persecuted and ex- ploited people. W. E. FINLEY.

viewpoint of warm sympathy with lib- Resident Orientals on the American Paci1lo eral Judaism, with whose leaders he Coast. Eliot Grinnell Mears. 646 pp.

is on terms of close fellowship. He is $3. Chicago. 1928. not indifferent to the dangers which beset the path of Zionism, but he be- Discussion of the Oriental problem lieves that, on the whole, it has a uni- in the United States has passed versal significance and that this sig- through three stages, emotional propnificance lies in Zionism's vindication aganda, official investigation and of man's insistence on a spiritual in- scientific stUdy. For many years, both terpretation of life, his belief in the attack and defense were extravatriumph over wrong, good over· evil, gant and undiscriminating. It was claimed that the "Chinese have no and spirit over flesh. souls" and that "no Japanese is either The Indians of South America and the honest or virtuous." On the other Gospel. By Alex. Rattray Hay. 167 hand, many enthusiasticaUy welcomed pp. $1.50. Revell. New York. 1929. an unrestricted immigration of Chi- This is a graphic narrative of the nese and Japanese, either from inter- hardships and struggles of the mis- ested or idealistic motives, hoping sionaries of the Inland South Amer- that the Orientals would contribute ican Indian Union who, in 1913, sought largely to the prosperity of America to reach the Indians of Brazil. It is a and would carry back to their own story of isolation and persecution. lands the blessings of Christian civil- Everything seemed to be against them. ization.

The distance from their kind, the diffi- . Within the last ten years, the emoculty of receiving supplies, the be- tIonal propaganda for and against the trayal by natives, the looming of ap- Orientals and the political exploitation parent impossibilities, and the utter of prejudice against them have largely loneliness are vividly told. subsided. The sociological experts are

The Missionary Review of the World — 1929 Index

MISSIONAR Y

REVIEW of the WORLD Founded in 1878 by Editor-in-Chief, 1888 to 1911 ROYAL G. WILDER ARTHUR T. PIERSON January to 1)ecember, 1929 VOLUME FIFTY-TWO EDITOR DELAVAN L. PIERSON ASSOCIATE EDITORS Methods for Workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1fRS. F. 1. ,TOHNSON Home Mission Bulletin …………………..•••…………. FLORENCE E. QUINLAN – Foreign Mission Bulletin . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . ELLA D. MACLAURIN AND AMY G. LEWIS World·Wide Outlook …………………………………… MRS. WALTER FERGUSON INTERDENOMINATIONAL EDITORIAL COUNCIL REV. A. R. BARTHOLOMEW, D.D. MRS. HELEN BARRETT MONTGOMERY REV. ENOCH F. BELL MRS. HENRY W. PEABODY REV. ARTHUR J. BROWN, D.D. FRANKLIN D. COGSWELL RUTH B. RULE REV. PAUL DE SCHWEINITZ, D.D. REV. WM. P. ScHELL, D.D. MRS ••TOHN FERGUSON REV. S. G. INMAN MRS. E. H. SILVERTHOBIN REV. WM. R. KING, D.D. MILTON T. STAUFFER REV. HENRY SMITH LEIPER REV. F. C. STEPHENSON, M.D. P. H. J. LERRIGO, PH.D. REV'. H. E. LUCOOOK, D.D. REV. JAY S. STOWELL REV. JOHN McDoWELL, D.D. REV. MlLLS J. TAYLOR, D.D.

FLORENCE G. TYLER JESSE R. WILSON REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D.D.

COPYRIGHTED, 1929-PUBLISHED BY THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, INO.

THIRD AND REILY STREETS, HARRISBURG, PA., AND 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK BOARD OF DIRECTORS ROBERT E. SPEER, President SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT WM. 1. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice·President WM. BANCIROFT HILL W ALTF..R. McDOUGALL, Treasurer MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD DELAVAN L. PIB(tSON, Secretary ERIO M. NORTH HARI,AN P. BEACn . FLEMING H. REVELL CHARLES L. WHITE 983 MAPS, CHARTS AND POSTERS Page Pa.qe Arabia-·Mission Stations …………………. 260 India's Villages and Christ ………………. 252 = iJf Posters-Child Labor …………………….. 215 Mongolia …………………………………. 847 ~~r~lf~~or~.. ::::: :::: :::: ::::::::::::::: ::: PHOTOGRAPHIC ILLUSTRATIONS Page ParlC Abellera, Esperanza ……………………… 875 India-Villagers Waiting for Gospel ……… 420 Abyssinia, Hospital in ………………….. 915 Indian Children ………………………….. 269 Abyssinian Woman and Child …………… 915 Interfational Missionary Council at Wil- ~fr~~~~r'~nOfF::;~a~~. :::2.i' C·~~~j.: 'F~b;;';~; JJ~~~~I'fim~-s:t-oOo~nrJ~.e..R.:.v…a…~….:.~…. . …………… … ~6~6g4 : :: :'.:::::'. : '. ::: ::: – Bible Readers at Lolodorf …………….. 324 – – – Class ………………………………. 582 Kim, Helen ………………………………. 875 – Boys of Bush School ………………….. 186 Korea-Congregation at Kangnung ………. 291 – Bulu Teacher and Family …………….. 584 – Pierson Memorial Bible School ……….. 660 – Chair Travel through Jungle .. 2d cover, Feb. – Sunday-school Rally ………………….. 362 – Congregation at Balla …………………. 583 Liu, Mary ………………………… , … : … 906 – School, First Day at …………………… 293 Lowry, Edith E. .. ……………………….. 791 – Slaves, Runaway………………………. 31 Mackay. Robert P ………………………… 676 — Tiger Kloof Ipstitution , ………………. 447 Mansur, Kamil, and His Wife ………….. 752 – Weaving, Girls ………………………… 443 McCarrell, Wm…………………………… 525 -Woman Teaching Neighbors …………… 124 Merry-Go-Round, Uncle Sam's …………… 133 – Boys at Y. M. C. A. Conference ……….. 189 Mexican Indian Chief's Son ……………… 463 – – Christian …………………………….. 169 Moody Memorial Church, Chicago …….. 585, 537 – Christian' Wife ………………………… 847 Morocco Boys and Girls ………………….. 431 – Children of Mission School ……………. 4n – Girl Free ………………………………. 33 – Girls at Lovedale Institute ……… 820 Moslem Children in Costume …………….. 627 – Woman at "Home," Pagan ……………. 820 if Converts in Cairo 93 – – White Man's Mistress ……… 847 I C St I G…….. ··· .. ·· .. · …… .. _ Y. M. C. A. at Johannesburg….. 191 NY rea, . f an ey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 Albania-School at Kortcha …………. 601 eW York rom the Air ……………….. 501,580 Algiers-Oued Souf Oases ……………. 281 Nicaragua-Cane Creek ………………….. 595 Algierian Children ………………. 279 Olcott, Eben Erskine ……….. 615 Algiers-Trotter, Lilias, Home ……… 2n Parker, Laura H …………………………. 791 America.n IndianS-Young ……….. 551 Paxton, Jean …………………………….. 875 Arabia.-Circus, Native …………… 261 Quinlan, Florence E. .. …………………… 389 _ Gate of Kuwait ………………. 745 Reed, Sara J. ………………………. 791 _ Ibn Saud and Attendants ……… 259 Siam-Children, Laos ………………. 7 _ Mission Compound, Kuwait …… .. 263 – Dragon for Religious Procession ………. 4 Australian Aborigines ………….. . …… 900 – Elephant Arch …………………………. 4 Automobile Church …………… .. In – King of ………………………………… 8 Bainbridge Lucy Seaman 457 – School for Boys in Bangkok ………….. 9 ~!amhes~<; M~sSionaries to the Laos ……….. 10 Ballard, Adela .T.•.•••..••. :::::::::::.. 791 mg,. ad u Sundar …………………….. 441 Bennett, Mrs. F. S. ………………. . … 389 Brickman, H. M. ……………….. . …… 389 Somali land, Native Shop in …………….. 918 Cairo Street Scene …………….. . …. 909 Tracts in Many Tongues …………………. 164 Chang Chih Chiang …………….. . . . . . . .. 90 Trotter, I. Lilias …………………………. 278 Chiang Kai-Shek ………………… .. . . … 84 Turkey-Alphabet Changes ………………. 244 Chin, Mrs. C. C. ………………….. . …. ~41 China-Sunday-school at Chungking . 291 – Theatre, Cinema ………………………. 247 Turkomans at Home …………………….. 929 Chinese Ambulance ………………………. 29~ United StateS-Pioneering in Tdaho. . … .. … 11 _ Evangelists …………………………….. 88 – – Communion Service in Wilderness of _ Policeman with Testament …………….. 89 Idaho ……………………………….. 15 Coleman, Mrs. G. W ……………………… 389 – – Daily Vacation Bible School, San Fran- Council of Women for Home Missions, Officers R89' cisco ………………………………… 505 Cuba-Church, Needed ……………………. 45~ –Fishermen's Club, Cicero, IlL ………. 527 _ Union Church Building ……………….. 45~ – – Girl in Idaho, Converted ……………. 13 Delegates to Pan-Pacific Women's Conference 139 – – Italian Evangelical Choir, New York … 610 Egypt-Gairdner, McInnes and Moslem Con- – – Mariners' Baptist Church, New York .. 529 verts ……………………………. 93 ~- – Morgan Memorial, Boston ……………. 503 Egypt. Peasant Home ……….. 911 – – Noonday Shop Meeting, New York ….. 589 Exhibit of Industries ………………… 96" – – Pawn Shop ………………………….. 531 Feng, Yu-Hsiang …………………….. 84 – – Peniel Center, Chicago ………………. 539 Fenner, R. B. ……………………… 389 – – Russian Children ……………………. 608 Ferguson, Mrs. John …………………….. 389 – – Spanish GroU!) Under Christian Training 609 Gairdner, William H. Temple ……………. 91 – – Statue of Liberty ………………….. 131 Guatemala-American Hospital ……. , ……. 171 –Tenements and New Americans …….. 607 _ Evangelical Congregation ….. 167 – – Trinity Center, San Francisco ………. 507 _ Missionaries and Families …… 169 – – Women's Luncheon …………………. 521 Hough, Mrs. S. S. …………….. 875 – – – Noonday Meeting …………………. 522 — – Y. M. C. A. at Camp Hugh ………… ~29 Hume, Robert Allen …………….. 823 India-Buchanna and a Friend .. 275 'Vanless. William ……………….. ,.. 253 .- Hume. Memorial Church …… 825 White, Laura M. . ……………………….. 903 _ Pilgrims Crawling…………. Wilcox, Mrs. F. W. . …………………….. 389 2ii1 8n – Prayer, World Day of ……… Williams. John Elias, Memorial in China .. 679 y, M. C. A., African .. , …………. , …… , .. 191 – School, Mr. Gabriel's V!llage …………. 274 984 AUTHORS P<Lge Palle Adams, Ralph S. . ……………………….. 464 King, William R. . ……………………….. 685 Allen, Roland …………………………….. 21 Lafla=e, H. F. …………… . …. " .509,512 Anderson, Charlotte ……………………… 784 Lamb, B. F ……………………………… 543 Anderson, William B. ……………………. 353 Latourette, Kenneth Scott …. . ………. 341 Anderson, Mrs. 'V. J. . ……… 2d Cover, August Lessig, Louise …………….. . ……. 784 Appasamy, A. J ………………………….. 440 LoomiS, Henry …………………………… 673 Applegarth, Margaret T. … 789 Lowry, Edith ………………. 629 Armstrong, A. E. .. ………………………. 676 Mather, Wm. Arnot ……………………… 176 Armstrong, Arthur H. ….. . . '. 517 May, Isabelle ………………… 277 Aubert, Th……………………………….. 839 Mayhew, Abby Shaw ……………………. 136 Banks, Howard A. ……… . … 919 McAfee, Cleland B. …………… 165 • Barnwell, Meddleton S. … 11 McCarrell, Wm. .. ……………………….. 524 Bell, Mrs. H. C. …………. .. 465 McConnell, Francis J. ………….. 357 Bell, Wm. C. …………………. .. …….. 938 McCullough, Mrs. W. C………………….. 465 Berry, Arthur D. ……… .. ….. 683 MacLaurin, Ella D. (Foreign Mission Bul- Braga, Erasmo …………. . '" 611 letin) ……………………………….. ..

Braisted, Paul J. …………. . ………… 850 McKinney, A. H ………………………. 456,607 Brickman, Helen M. ……… 551 Milligan, Anna A. .. ……………………… 753 Brown, H. D. ………… 30 Montgomery. Helen B……………….714,783,795 Buckham, James ………. . ………… 113 Morris. S. L. ……………………………. 17 Mybrea, C. Stanley G. . ………………….. 259 Budd, J. E. ……………. 453 Newland, L. T. .. ………………………… 669 Burton, Henry ……………. 849 Burtt, Th·eodore ……… 31 Odeil. Edward A. . ……………………….. 617 Calkins, Henry R. …… . …. 705 Oxenham, John ……………. ……….. 19 Calverley, Edwin E. … . …. " .. 744 Parker, Laura H. ……. .. ………. 791 Chamberlain, William 1. ……. 615 Paton, William …………. 762 Chamberlain, Mrs. W. I. …………………. 459 Patton, Cornelius H. ….. . ………… 327 Chen, Mrs. C. C. ………… . …………… 941 Paul, K. T. …… …….. . . ……….. ~84 Clark, Alden H …………………………… 821 Paxton, Jean G. ……….. . …………… 297 Conning, J. Stuart ……… . . . . . . . . … 539 Peabody, Mrs. Henry W. .., … ' …….. 876 Conrad, A. Z ……………………………… 173 Perkins, .Judson T. …………. . ………. 269 Cross, Rowland M. ………. .. . . . . . . … 85 Philips. Daisy Griggs …… 9'l8 Cushing, Dorothy P. …… 699 Philpatt, P. W. …………… . …………. 535 Dalzell, H. A. …………. . . '" …… 513 Pierson, Arthur T ……………………. .458.761 Das, R. C. ……………. " … ' ….. 249 Pierson, Delavan L ………….. (See Editorials) Davis. George T. B. ……… . .. 88, 199, 461 Pitman. Homer K. . ………………………. 505 Dawkins, Carl …………… . ………. 533 Quinlan, Florence E. (ITome Mission Bul- Donaldson, Dwight M. .. 929 letin) ………………………………… .

Douglass~ H. Paul …….. . ………… 511 Ray. Randolph ……… 585 Dowds, Mrs. J. W. ……. " ……….. 133 Reid. W. T'. …………. .. .. …….. 39 Drinkwater, .John ……. 460 Richter. julius ……….. " ………….. 747 Duff, Mrs. W. W. ……… . . . . . . . . . . . . . 925 Riggs. Charles T. ……. 245 Ebina, Danjo …………………….. 661 Rindge, Jr., Fred H. ……… .. ………. '" 828 Elder, E. E. …………… 752 Rodgers. James B. …. . …………. 208 Ellis, William T ……….. 325 Roe, Mary W. ……….. 708 Ennis, Elizabeth L. ….. .. . … 9~8 Rohold, S. B. …………. . ………… , 771 Fenn, Courtenay H. ……… 749 Russell, Robert M. ……. . ………….. 581 Gabriel, Devatala ……… 272 Scotford. John R. ……. 758 Glover, Robert H. ……… 767 Shake. Clarence A. . ……………………… 266 Goforth, Jonathan ……… 20 Shelton. Dorris E. …….. . ……… , 2Pi8 Gotzsche, Ellen ……….. . …………… 449 Singh. Sadhu Sundar ……………………. 590 Grafflin, Samuel W. ….. 587 Speer, Robert E …………….. 340.346.369,743.755 Haile, A. J. ………… 443 Springer, Mrs. John M …………………… 846 Haldane, James………… 427 Starling, Lucy ……………….. 5 Hamilton. Kenneth G. … 594 Stauffer. Milton T. ………. 37!1 Hayes, Lillian E ………………………… 296 Stelzle. Charles ….. " . . . . 125 Hayne, Coe ………….. . . 945 Stewart, George ……… 132 Helms, E. J. …………….. 501 Stowell, .Jay S. ……… . ……….. 182 Hershey. T. K. …………… 8;;2 Strong, Esther ……… . ………….. 665 High, Stanley …………….. . ….. 393. 439 Strong, William M. … . …………. 197 Hill, William Bancroft ….. . ………. 347 Subhaeyah, Habib ….. . ……….. 196 Hough, Mary E. ………… 16 Subhan, John A. ……… 105 Hough, Mrs. S. S. ……….. 950 Trotter, Lilias ………. ' ……….. ' … 280 Houser, Otto H. …………… 87 Turnbull, John ……… 44 Hubbell, Wm. N. …………. .. ……… 528 Van Dyke. Paul S. ……. .. ………. 684 Hume, Robert A. ……….. 97 Victor. Mrs. Fred ……. 630 Hunt, W. Remfry ……….. 104 'Vaiters. Marvin M. …… 861 Hunter, George W. ……….. .. ……… 832 Watt, Gordon B. ……….. 516 Hunter. Stanley Armstrong … 2!i3 Welch, Mildred …………. 59 Huntley. George A. …………… 689 'Vheeler. W. Re~inald ……. 25 Hutchinson, Paul ………………………… 835 White, Charles L. …………… 114 .Jaffray. R. A. . …………………………. 922 White. Laura M. ……………. 901 Johnson. F. 1. (llfethods Departm.ent) ……. 289 Whittier. J. G. ………………… 790 Jones, E. Stanley …………………. 363, 678, 6m 'Vilkinson, Elizabeth McDonald ………….. 606 Jones. Thomas Jesse …………………….. 331 Williams. Maude and Walter …………….. 116 Kelsey. H. A. . ………………………….. 915 Wilson. Arnold T …… : …….. : ………….. 599 Kennedv. Phineas B. .. ………………….. 600 Wysham, Wm. M. ……………. 4~3 Kerr. Hugh T …………………………. 335.796 Zwemer, Samuel M. . ….. 91, 421, 741 56G~·t ARTICLES AND NEWS Pape Pa[!e AbYi.inian Frontiers Mission ……………. 477 t.. …. …. .. Abyssinia, An Emerging Empire. H. A. Kel- 915 Abyssinia's Outstretched Hands …..•…• ". 69 sey ….. I ., , , , • ,. '.' •• ,. , •

INDEX

Page Page Abyssinia, Black Jews of ………………… 964 American Indian Hospitals, New …………. 721 Actors and the Church, Randolph !'tay •….. 585 – Jews ………………………………….. 222 Afghanistan Advancing Rapidly …………• 71 – Students in China ……………………… 314 – Reforms, Sky-Rocket …………………. 232 Americans, Presentin~ Christ to New, B. H.

Africa-Advance in …………………… 644,811 McKinney ………. , .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. … 607 – American Negroes Not Wanted ……….. 477 Andrews, C. F …………… 2d covel', March, 474 Anti-Christian Missions …. , ……… , …….. 236 – Apolo of Pygmy Forest ……………….. 310 Apolo of the Pigmies …………………….. 451 Apostolic Way, The, Howard A. Banks ….. 919 – Ask Me Another One ………… 2d cover, June Arab, Baptism of an …………………….. 154 – Barbary States ……………………….. 725 – Urchins Are Taught, How …………….. 647 Arabia Approaches the Cross Ro"ds, C. Stan- – Boys, Training ………………………… 727 ley G. Mylrea ………………………. 259 – Call of …………………………………. 563 – Progress in …………………………… ,. 232 Arabian Problem ………………………… 480 – Cannibal Tribe COnverted …………….. 478 – Trail, Blazing an, John Turnbull………. 44 – Challenge ……………………………… 644 Argentine and the Bible …………………. 150 – Broadcasting the Gospel ………………. 226 – Church " in Tangale …………………… 966 – Mennonite 'York in, T. K. Hershey ……. 852 – Confere~e, Congo Jubilee …………….. 309 – Rome Revives ……………………… 226,722 – Congo ~b!Iee Conference ………….. 69,229 Asia Minor-Advance in ………………….. 646 – – Scene;, Significant, H. D. Brown …… 30 – – Sunday·school Conference ………….. 311 – – Unoccupied Field …………………… 646 – Contrasts in …………………………… 402 Asia's Challen~e, Central …………………. 405 Atheism, Missionaries of …………… , ….. 948 – Cooperation In… : ……………….311,657,811 – To Stem ……………………………….. 805 – Cruelty of Pagan ……………………… 310 Athens, College for Girls ………………… 963 Australia, Church Airplane in ………….. 972 – Diamond Diggers ……………………… 70 Australian Baptist Mission ………………. 652 – Drum Call to Church …………………. 563 – Evangelist "Outback" ………………. ,.. 486 – Methodist Church Response to a Call …. 719 – Education in Demand …………………. 726 Anstria-SoutJieastern Europe Bible School 492 Bainbridge, Lucy-A. H. McKinney ………. 456 – Elat, Destruction at …………………… 478 Balkans, youth in the …………………… 964 – Enthronement, Royal ………………….. 228 Baptist Home Missions ………………….. 9701 Baptists in Galilee ……. , ……………. :311, 967 – Germans Return to Bukoba …………… 155 Barton, .James L" and N. E. R., Dorothy P. – Giving in West ………………………… 477 Cushing ……………………………… 699 – Growth, Encouraging …………………. 563 Belgian Gospel Mission …………… , …. 542, 961 – – on the Niger ………………….. , ….. 725 Belgium-Christian Work in ……………… 307 – Importance of South ………………….. 882 – Ten Years in …………………………… 642 Bequest, Priceless ………………………… 831 – Impressions, First, W. Reginald Wheeler 25 Bible and Palestine, Facts on ……………. 797 – Bill Defeated ………………………….. 559 – Industrial Training in, A. J. Haile ……. 442 – Crusade for Latin-America, George T. B. – Krus Who Have'Stood the Test, Walter B. Davies ………………………………. 461 and Maude Williams ……………….. 116 – Hoover on the … , ……………………… 593 – "Lions and' the Lion-Hearted" ………. 403 – Influence of One ……………………….. 70 – Liquor on Gold Coast …………………. 154 – – Sunday School Union ……………. 311, 883 – SeIling in Panama …………………….. 225 – Lubondai, New Congo Station …………. 403 Bibles for Palestine Hotels …….. , ……….. 566 – Machemeje, New Station ………………. 478 – – Seamen ……………………………… 806 – in Mexico …………………. , ………….. 398 – "Match" Missionary in ……………….. 70 Bolivian Indian, Winning ………………… 641 – Medical Mission for Gold Coast ………. 726 Bolshevism and Christianity in Japan …… 145 Books for Missionary Study ………………. 495 – Methodism in .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. 811 Borneo and Its Need ……………………… 890 – Missions to Use Inventions in …………. 881 – Chinese Missionaries in, .T. A. Jaffray ….. 922 – Moravians in South …………………… 727 Bottle Evangelist …………………………. 223 – Portuguese ……………………………. 478 Bowery District, Adventures in, Will. N. Hubbell ……………………………… 528 – Pygmy Forest …………………………. 3W Boy Scouts, African ………………………. 645 – Radio to Heart of …………. ' ………… 31L Brazil-Japanese in ……………………… 151 – Religious Movement in South ………… 231 – Leaven in …………………………….. 977 – School Started ….. ',__ '" ………………. a09 – Missionaries Wanted? Erasmo Braga …. 611 – Protestantism in , ……………………… 878 – Schools in Cape Colony; Mission ………. 70 – Religion, New Interest in ………………. 561 – Revival in ……………………………… 399 – Self· Support in Cambodia ……………… 800 – Sunday schools in ……………………. 491 – Slavery, What? After, Theodore Burtt .. 31 – Superstition, Eastern Amazonia ……….. 151 Brent Hospital in the Philippiues ….. , ….. 972 – Sleeping Sickness, Battling ……………. 3]0 British Federation of Yo"th …………….. 491 – Sudan Interior Mission ……………….. 644 – Missionary Conference ……………….. 703 Broadcasting the Gospel in the Argentine …. 226 – Sunday-school Union ………………….. 308 Brown. Arthur J., Welcome to ………….. 947 – Tanganyika, Year in .. : ………. , ……… 882 Buddhist Priest in the Philippines ………. 972 Bulgaria-Boys Fire Fighters …… , ., ……… 810 – Triumph, Gospel .. , ………………….. 644,881 Burma-A dvance of Truth ………………… 729 – Wireless in Uganda ………………… 230, 311 – Bible Teaching, New Avenue for ………. 482 – ('entennial of First Convert …………157,482 African Boy Scouts • 645 i .. ………………… , – Head-hunters on the Frontier ………….. 407 – "Doctors" Methods • ;………………… , '" 155 Burma, Karen Centennial ………………… . 31~ – Methodist Jubile& ………………………. Z]3 – Notes for Doctors ……………………… 155 – Progress .. . . . .. .. .. . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . . . .. .. .. … 799 – Populations ………. ' ……. , …. , ………. 965 – Student Campaign ……………………… 8riG Burmese Gospel Teams ……………………. 73 – Preachers, Tribute to …………………. 726 Calvary and Pentecost. Gordon B. Watt …… 516 – Pygmies Won ………………………….. 230 Cambodia-Belf-Support …………………… 800 Cameroun, Transformations in, Robert M. – Village for a Dollar, Wm. C. Bell …….. 938 Russell ………………………………. 581 – Woman, Modernized, Mrs. John M. Spring- er …………………………………… 846 – Youth of Tomorrow, Max Yergan …….. 187 Airplane and Missions in Persia , ………… 405 Alaska, News from ………………………. 560 Al Azhar, Revolutionizing ………………… 228 Albania, Difficult Times in, Phineas B. Ken- nedy ………………………………… 600 Algiers Mission Band ……………………. 880 "All the World"-Song …………………… 550 American Board, Devolution in the …….. 559 – – in China ……………………………. 970 American Indian Advancement …………… 304 – – Becoming "School-Minded" …………. 149 – – Friend ………………………………. 807 – – Gospels in Navajo …………………… 397 – – Incidents, Mary W. Roe …………….. 708 – – Missionaries to the …………………. 489 – – New Day. for the, Helen M. Brickman 551 – – Naz Perces Missionaries …………….. 397 – – Problem ……………….. ,…… 891 – – School, Echoes from ……….. ' ……… 55] – – Students, Chapel fnr ………. , ……… 808 – Indians ………………………………… 65 – – and Citizenship ……………………. 638 – – – Coolidge …………………………. 224 Page Pafje Canada-Home Missions United ………….. 224 Church That Draws Masses, P. W. Philpott 5:15 – – Met N{lw Conditions, Homer K. Pitman 505 Canadian Home Missions …………………. 559 City Boys and Girls, Work for, Carl Dawkins 533 – Church and Modern, H, Paul Douglass .. 511 – Sunday-school Outreach •.•…………….. 639 – – – the U'lChurched, A. Z. Conrad …… 173 Canal Zone, Y. M. C. A. in ……………….. 150 – – Expanding Methods, E. J. Helms ., …. 5n Capitalistic Enterpri,e? Is This a, F. J. – Evangelism, Laymen's Work of William McConnell …………………. , . … . … 357 McCarrell ……………….. ., ……….. 524 Caribbean Congress on Christian Work …… 475 – Religious Forces in Great, H. F. La- flamme ………………. ., …………… 512 Census of Federated Churches …………….. 148 City's Floating Population, H, A. Dalzell ., 513 Central America-Progress in ……………… 225 Colombia, News from ……. ., …………… 640 – – Strategic Center in, Cleland B. McAfee 165 Communism in Norway …….. ., …………. 401 Century of Miseions in Siam Lucy Starling 5 Conference at Detroit, Foreign Missions … 62 – Buffalo Missionary ……………………. 64 Ceylon, Preachers for …………………….. 649 -on Cause and Cure of War, Jean G. Pax- Chile-ElI&th!J,llake ………………………… 399 ton ………………….. ., …… ., ….. 56, 297 – Evarrgetism: In …………………………. 67 – Methodist International ……………… " 303 – Women's Pan-Pacific ………………. .,. 139 – Preacl$:!·g Christ in ……………………. 30ii -World Student … ., …………………. ., .. 567 Confessions of a Missionary …………….. 37 – Work for Soldiers, William M. Strong …. 197 Confucianism and Christianity …………. 570 Children, Last; Women and. Laura M. White 901 . Congo Caunibals Won …………………. ., 966 Children'S Crusade ………………….. 963 Congo Jubilee Conference ……… ., …….. 309 China-American Students In ……… ' …….. 314 – Fruitful year …………………………. 812 – Anti-Foreign Spirit …………………….. 649 – New Station ………………………….. 403 Contributions in 19:8, Church ………….. ., 296 – Bandit Cbief on Christianity …………… 569 Cooperation, Harmonious …..•.. :'.. '." .. , …. 149 – Campaign, Five year …………………… 681 – in Africa, Missionary ……… , ,' .. :311, 657, 811 – ChMlging … ,'.. ; ……………………….568. 800 – – Missionary Cultivation …….,……….. 148 – Chiang's New Year Message ……………. 314 – Twenty Years of ……….. : .. ; ………… 45 Costa Rica, Hospitals for ………………. 878 – Christianity 'raking Root " ……………. 969 Council of Women and Legislation ……… 216 – Christ, Power of …….. ; ……………. 409, 484 – – – for Home M:ssions ………………. 301 Crime and the Cinema . ., …… ., ………. ., 782 – Conllict between Russia and ………….. 949 Critic, 'Welcome the, William T ..Ellis …… 325 – Contrast in Conditions, George A. Huntley 689 Critics and Candidates, Milton T.· Stauffer .. 379 – Missionary Looks at the, E. Stanley Jones 363 – Conveption, Chekiang ………………….. 730 – . Who Are the, Cornelius H. Patton …… 327 – Deities Abolished' ……………………… 484 Cuba and Mexico Fraternize ……………. 490 : – Two Patbs in, J. E. Budd ……………. 453" – Dream and a Conversion ………………. 887 Czechoslovakia, Churches , …………….153,308 – – Jews in ……… .,…………………… 643 – Education, Higher ……………………… 730 – – Y. M C, A. in ……………………… 880 – Famine in ………………..74,142,408,483,802 Deaths-Allen, Sturges ………………….. 419 ,…. Feng, Mystery of, JO'Ilathan Goforth …… 20 – Amerman, James L …………. 3d cover, Jan. – Angel, Bernard ………… 3d cover, December – Forwal'd Mo'vement in …………………. 855 – Bailey, James Garfield …….. 3d cover, April – Bailey, James R. .. ………. , …………. 377 – Ginllng COllege President …………… 136, 484 – Bainbridge, Mrs. Lucy D ….. ;·.3d cover, Jan. – Girls for Sale ………………………….. 802 – Bassett, James ………. 2d cover, November – Bilkert, Henry A …………… ., ………. 163' -,.' G.iv>ng, Sacrificial ……………………… 602 – Booth, Bramwell ….., ……….. ., ……… 497 ..:.. Hak-kas, Mission to the ……………….. 408 – Brent,' Charles H. .. …. ., …………….. 323 …,. HDpe for, New, George T. B. Davis…….. 88 – Brockman, Frank …………………….. 497 .::.. Invalid, Remarkable …………………… 199 — Chamborlam. Mary Anable , ….. , …. '.". 659 – Cowles, George D. .. .. , ………………. 738 – Language, One …………………………. 730 – Cronk, E. C. . …………………………. 419 – Ujokll)g,.Forward in, Rowland M. Cross.. 85 – Drane. Lillian A. .. ……… ., …………. 497 – Dworkowicz, Paul' ……………………… 739 – Luthera)ls in , ………………………….. 143 – Farquhar, J. N·. . ……….. , …………… Tag – Making a New …………………………. 202 – Gibbud, Mrs. Juliet …….. 2d cover, November – Medicine, MQdem ………………………. 801 – Grenfell, Mrs. Geor.ge …. ; …………….. 163 – Harris, Frederick ………. 2d cover, November – Missionaries' Needed ……………. 74, 314, 886 – Henderson, Theodore :S…….3d cover, April – – Returning to Stations ……………….. 235 – Hoskins. Mrs. F. E …'…. 3d cover, Decemhpr – Hubbard, George H. .. … ., ….. : ……. ., 377 – Misstatements Regat-ding ………………. 75 – Mohammedan Uprising <………………… 730 – Hume, Robert A…………. 3d covei-i August – Inwood, Cbarles ………………………. 83 – National Christian Council ………. 85, 681, 794 – Knox. Mrs. Tabor …….. 3d cover.. December – Offensive, Church Resumes …………….. 649 – Kolmodin, Professor …….. : .3d cover, April – Mackay. R. P. .. ………………………. 497 – Officials, Christian ………………….. .410, 569 – Man(}eroeang, Foean Nagori Moesa – Outlook in ……………………………. , 624 …………………………… 3d cover, Jan, – Marquis, William S. . …………………. n9 – Persecution in Hunan …………………. 75 – McAfee, Lowell M. .. …………………. 419 – Meyer, Frederick B. ………………… ., 3"3 – Professors, Exchange ………………… :. 484 – Olcott, Eben E. . ………………………. 497 – Progress in ……………….. 234, 409, 569, SOl – Patterson, Wm. R. .. …………………. 6,9 – – Sigus of, WiIIiamAmot Mather …….. 176 – Reid, John . ., ………………………. .,. 818 – Richards. Henry …………….3d cover, J.n. – Review of Christian Missions ………… 1'9 – R~hauffler. Julia Baker ……………. ., .. n9 – Revival ………………………………… n65l0 …,. Sailors, Saving American ……………… – Ribree, ,Tames ………………………… 818 – Snyder, Frank L. .. …………………… 419 – School Registration In ……………….. 74, 234 – Rtewart. Mrs. James …………………. 16~ – Swift. John T. ……………………….. 3 – Scripture, 3,100,000 …………………….. 142 – Tebbetts. Charles E. . …….. 3d cover, August – Self-Support In South ………………… 143 – Torrey. Reuben A …….. > …… 3d cover, Jan.

– Slaughter by Moslems ………………… 970 – Wahl. Mrs. nan E …………………….. 497 – Warburton, George A, .. , .2d cover, November – Superstition on Wane …………………. 886 – Transfer of Administration …………… 800 – Turning Point In ………………………. 679 – Union, Church ……………………… 143, 315 – Williams', John E., Memorial ………… 679 – Withdraw? Should We ……………….. 235 – Wu YI-fang, Abby Shaw Mayhew …….. H6 China's New Attitude …………………….. 568 Chinese Abroad, Welfare of …………….. 410 -Calendar, New …………………………. 409 – Christian, "Acts" of a ……………….. 73 – Church Gains ….. ,-……… ., ………… 236,483 – in Korea ……… .,…………… 971 – Missionaries in Borneo. .r. A. Jaffray ….. 922 – Women and Religion, Mrs. C. C. Chen …. 941 Choy, Ting Kan, of China, Henry Loomis .. 673 Christ, All-Sufficiency of, Robert E. Speer . 743 – Inescapable, E, Stanley Jones …………. 678 Christian Endeavor in India …………….. 799 -Endeavorers in Guatemala ……………… 66 Christianity. Aim of, Edwin E. Calverley .. 744 – and Confucianism …………………….. 570 Christianity Changed? Has, Samuel M.

Zwemer ……………………………… 741 Church and Modern City, H. Paul Douglass 511 Page Page Deaths-Watson, Mrs. Margaret M. . …….. 163 Home MissiollS, Canadian ……………….. 559 – Wyckoff, Mrs. M. J. …………….. .. .. 43 – – Congress, National …………………. 63 – – Council … : …………………………. 222 Dividends for Missions, Business ………… 561 Doctor's Work In an Igloo ……………… 149 – – in Canada United …………………. 224 – – New Era in, Charles L. White …….. 114 Dominican Republic, Cooperation in 977 Dutch Barn eo, Spiritual Need of ……. 147 – – New Thing in, Wm. R. King ……….. 655 Home Mission Task Today, Jay S. Stowell .. 182 Egypt-AI Azhar and the Bible ….. 881 – – – Revolutionizing .. , …… , " ., . . . . 228 Hoover on the Bible …………………….. 593 Hoover's Visit to South America ……….. 853 – American Schools in …………… 69 Hume of Abmednagar, Alden H. Clark …. 821 Hymn, Missionary, New …. 2d cover, September – Intolerant … .. .. ………….. .. .. . 881 Iceland-Evangelizing by Wireless ……… 152 Idols Overturned ………………………… 970 – Islam in .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. … . .. .. . . . . . . . . 229 – Mansur, Kamil, of Cairo ……. 752 – Medical Camp in Nile Delta . 965 – Women in, Daisy G. Philips .. 908 India and Its Future, E. Stanley Jones …. 697 Egyptian Sphinx, New …………. 154 – An Undermanned Field ……………….. 968 England-Mosque in London ……….. 642 – Appeal of, Paul J. Braisted ….. : …….. 850 – Methodist Union . .. .. …. .. . . .. .. .. .. 641 – Arcot Mission Jubilee ………………… 798 – Missionaries Needed in, R. C. DaB …….. 249 – Student Christian Conference ……. 300 – Bands, Evangelizing …………………… 728 – Bhils, Trend Among …………………… 798 – Universities, Missionary Interest in ….. 400 – Child-Marriage ……………………….72,4)8 Eskimos, Moravian Mission to ………….. 639 Essentials, Unchanging, Robert E. Speer … 369 Europe-Barnardo's Homes ……………… 226 – Christian Endeavor …………………… 799 – Christianity in ……………………….. 2:13 – Leprosy in …………………………… 879 – Congress Considers Untouchables …. _…. 96S – Roman Catholic Counter Reformation '" 67 – Criminal Tribe Boys …………………. 702 – Youth Movements …………………….. 857 Family of Eight Thousand ……………… 2~6 – Dhulia, Mela at ………………………. 568 – Documents, Significant Cburch ……….. 884 Federal Council Anniversary, Charles Stelzle – Gandhi and Christian Girls …………… 156 …………………………………… .45,125 – Gwalior's "Conversion Bill" ……. , …… 884 Federation of Woman's Boards at Detroit .. 219 Feng, Mystery of Marshall, Jonathan Goforth 20 – Hindu Customs Changing ………….. 204, 648 – – High Caste …………………………. 648 Feng, Mrs. .. …………………………. '" 143 – Influences, Cbristian, Judson T. Perkins:69 – Islamizing …………………………….. 799 Fiji-Cooperation in Suva …. . . . . . . . 316. 889 – Work in Danger ……………………… 147 Fijian Society, Young …………………… 651 – Maharajah Welcomes Students ……….. 313 – Mass Movement ………………………. 969 Filipino United Church …………………. 317 Finnish Mission Progress ……………….. 2.27 – Mission, New Type of ………………… 568 – Mohammedan Baptisms ……………….. 481 Fishermen's Club of Cicero, Wm. McCarJ'ell 5~4 Foreign Mission Pointers ………………… 282 – Mortality and Morality ………………. 406 – Moslems and Hindus …………………. 408 – Missions and Youth, Stanley High …… 393 – National Christian Council. K. T. Pau1.284, 312 – – at Home …………………………… 398 Formosa-Scriptures in ………………… , 316 – Problems of, Mrs. W. I. Chamberlain …. 459 – ReligiOUS Freedom ……………………. 885 France-Changed Conditions in ……. . .. 964 – Review of Conditions …………………. 647 – Hospital, EVangelical ………….. . ….. 642 – Revival, for …………………………71,312 – Santal Mission of North ………………. 884 – MeAl! M1ssion Project ……………….. 152 – Seeing the Gospel at Miraj, Stanley Arm- – Paris, Gospel in ………….. 723 – Protestant Church ……………………. 492 strong Hunter ……………………… 253 – Singh, Sundar, and Other Sadhus …….. 407 French Protestants ………………………. 963 Friendly League for Christian Service. Inc. 520 – Tent Mission, Danish …………………. 566 Gairdner, Canon W. H. T .• of Cairo, Samuel – Temperance …………………………. 234, 798 – Testimonies to Missions ……………… 698 M. Zwemer …………………………. 91 – "llntouchables" …………………….. 72, 407 —-: Wilder Memorial ……………………… 777 Gambling ……………………… .. .710. 723 German Mission Items ……… 307 – Mohammedans …………….. 562 – 'Women's Christian Temperance Union .. 406 – – Moral Reforms …………………….. 4:J6 Germany-Prohibition . .. .. .. .. . . .. 880 Indian. American, Mohonk Conference on, Gifts, Increased Presbyterian ….. 558 Giving in China ………………. 602 – – West Africa ……………… 477 Coe Hayne …………………………. 945 – Student's Vacation, Devatala Gabriel . _.. 272 – I,ure of, Johnson, F. J. …….. 289 Golden Rule in Seven Religions 476 Indo-China, French ………………….. 885, 968 Industrial Training in South Africa, A. J. – – Sunday " …….. , …… " . .. . 961 Haile ……………………………….. 443 Gospel for a Changing World. Robert H.

Glover ………………………………. 767 Industrialism in the Far East …………… 137 Industry, Building Character in, Samuel W. – Uncontrovertible ………………….. 728 Grafflin ……………………………… 587 Great Britain-Bible Fellowship .. ' 492 International Missionary Council at Wil- – – Distressed Miners ………….. 561 Greece-Athens College ……….. 68 liamstown, Esther Strong ………… 6'1, 665 – Home for Girls …………….. 153 Invalid in Shanghai, Remarkable, George T. B. Davis ……………………………. 199 – Student Work in …………….. 228 Guatemala,Anselmo, Christian .. 877 Invalid's Fellowship of Prayer ………….. 200 – Christian Endeavorers in ….. 66 Iraq-Evangelism, Pioneer ……………….. 404 Christ the Only Way of Life? William Ban- – Indian Christian in …….. 976 croft Hill ………………………….. 347 – Indian Story …………. 877 – Persecution in . …. . . 30!) Islam Disintegrating, Arnold T. Wilson …. 599 Haiti-Catching Men ….. 640 – in Egypt ………………………………. 229 – Retreating? ………………………. _….. 564 — Two Black Republics . 398 Islands-Tristan da Cunhi' ………. _…….. 31G – Voodoo Worshin in …….. 977 Haitian Gospel Mission ……….. _. _. _. __ . _. 490 Tslands-Unevangelized Millions 412 Havana Christian Congress, Edward A. Odell Italian Fascist Youth ………………….. 227 – Prisoners, Gospels for -……………….. 879 Hawaii:' cooi;~;~tio;'" i;'" .:..:..::………………..: …~~7, ~~~ – Bible Distribution ………… ___ ……….. 307 -Religious Teach ing ……… . .. _….. 890 – Dictatorship …………………………. " 621 – Sixty Years' Progress .. 805 – Freedom, Religious . _……….. 642 – Y. M. C. A. in Honolulu 805 – Vatican's TelIlJporalKlngdom .. 288 Heart of Africa Mission … ]54 – 'V"ldenses Today ……………………… 643 Hindu Customs Changing .. 648 J,..pan-Bible Fire Loss ……….. 888 – High Caste . .. .. .. .. .. . .. . . . . . 648 – Bolshevism and Christianity in . 145 Hindus and Mo.lems ……………. __ ……. 408 – Chriitianity's Influence ……… 717 History. Crisis Hour in, W. Remfry Hunt .. 104 – Church Life in ……………… _ 571 Holland Women Hnite …………………… 401 – Cooperation Bl ings Results …. _ 887 Home Missions CounCils, State …….. _…. 973 – Clee<J, Social…………………. .. … 717 Page Page Japan-DenOlniuatiolls, Grouping: ………… 888 Leprosy, EliInination of ………………… 317 – J)('sire Christian Mh;:::;ionarics- Does, Dau- ~ in ~urope ……… . ………. 87!} jo ~:bina ……………………. 661 – ~ Porto Rico …………………………. 66 – Ot'volution in …………………………. 146 Liberia, New Day ill .. ' ~:W – lljducation, Christian Influence in …….. 570 – Tuskegee in ………………………….. 81~ – Encouragements, Paul S. Van Dyke …… 684 – Yaros, Fighting ………………………. 812 – International Relations Conference …… 485 Library. Missionary Research …………… 806 – Kagawa's Work ………………………. 411 Life-Its Meaning and Use, Sadhu Sundar – "Kingdom of God" Movement, 485,663, 802,855 Singh ……………………………….. 590 – Kobe Completes Campaign …….. , ……. 888 Literature at Northfield, Christian, Helen B.

– Meeting, All Night …………………… 651 Montgomery ………………………… 795 – Miracles, Modern ……………………… 570 Livingstone Memorial …………………… 726 – Money RaiSing Method ……………….. 803 Lumbermen, Making Men as Well as, Fred — Newspapers as Evangelists …………… 718 H. Rendge, Jr. . ……………………. 828 – Opportunity, Christian ……………….. 236 Lutheran Missions ………………………. 303 – Praying to Gods ……………………… 76 – World Convention …………………….. 561 – Prohibition for Soldiers ………………. 571 Lutherans in North Siberia ……………… 562 – Purity and Liberty ………………… 316, 803 – Move Forward Union …………………. 724 – Reformers, Women …………………… 315 Mackay, Robert P.,-A Saintly Secretary, A.

– Romance of Missions, Henry Loomis …. 673 E. Armstrong ……………………….. 6,6 – Social Creed ………………………….. 717 Maclaurin, Ella D.-an Appreciation, Helen – Spell of Christ in …………………….. 203 B. Montgomery ……………………… 714 – Women's Progress ……………………. 650 Madagascar, Evangelizing ……………….. 564 – Y. M. C. A. in Tokyo, New …………… 803 – Prophetess, Modern, Ellen Gotzsche …… 449 Japanese Church and Missions, Arthur D. Malaysia-Commission Formed, New ……. 487 Berry ……………………………….. 683 – Religious Education Commission Formed 487 – in Brazil .. '" …………………… , ….. 151 Mansur, Kamil, of Ca.iro, E-. E. Elder …… 752 – Students' Gifts ……………………….. 803 Marquis, Wm. S .. Will of .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 831 – Testimony to Christ …………………… 971 Martyr, Modern, in Mexico ……………… 305 – Woman, Christian ……………….. : .. " 716 McAII Mission Project …………………… 152 Japan's Army GOing Dry ……………….. 76 McAuley Mission's' "Who's Who?" ………. 148 Jerusalem Conf,erence, After …………. 555,715 Medical Camp in Nile Delta ……………. 965 – – and Foreign Missions .. , ……………. 201 – Playlet "Inasmuch" …………………… 50 – – and Syria,. Habib Subhaeyah ………. 196 Mennonite Work in Argentina, T. K. Hershey 852 – – What? After, William Paton …….. 762 Methodist Protestant Merger ……………. 974 Jewish Christians, Church for ………….. 883 Methods-Atmospbere, Missionary ……….. 47 Jews, Adventure Among the, John Stuart – Black Diamonds, a Sketch, Charlotte An- Conn ing ……………………………… 539 derson and Louise Lessig ………….. 784 – American ………………………………. 222 – Boys, Something for ………………….. 626 – Christ the Hope of …………………… 973 – Christmas Pageants, Marvin M. Walters 861 – in Czecho-Slovakia ……………………. 643 – Church Organized for MiSSion, Helen B.

– Neglected ……………………………… 156 Montgomery ………………………… 783 – of Abyssinia, Black …………………… 964 – Cooperation Achieved, B. F. Lamb …… 543 – Should We Abandon Work for ………… 204 – Devotional Service …………………….. 134 Johannesburg, Night Life in ……………. 965 – Free-for-All Discussion ……………….. 384 .10, Mrs. Nobu, Japanese Christian ………. 716 – Evangelism, Outdoor …………………… 213 Jones, Stanley, Answers His Critics …….. 603 – Finance . .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. .. … 289 Kagawa, Toyohiko, Work of ……………. 411 – Foreign and Native Born, George Stewart 132 – Furloughs, James B. Rodgers ……….. 208 Kim Moksa, Korean Christian, Mrs. W . .I.

Anderson ……………… 2d cover. August – How One City Organized ……………….. 546 Korea-Bible Study ………………………. 571 — Going to Jerusalem, Margaret T. Apple- – Christian Church in …………………. 971 garth ……………………………….. 789 – Christ, Power of ……………………… 486 – Make the City Christian, M. P. Burns …. 132 – Church and Poverty, L. T. Newland – Merry-Go-Round, Mrs . .I. W. Dowds ….. 133 …………………. 669, 2d cover, November – Migrant Work, Edith Lowry ………….. 629 – Growth in ……………………………. 485 – Mite-Box Demonstration ………………. 468 – Haing's Offering ………………………. 889 – Morning Watch and Vespers, Mrs. W. C.

– Heroic Faith in ……………………….. 971 McCullough and Mrs. H. C. Bell …… 465 – JntemJperance in ………………………. 146 – Moslem World, Childhood ……………. 625 – Leper Church Active …………………. 316 – New Testament Missionary, Roland Allen 21 – Literature. Christian …………………. 412 – Play, African …………………………. 209 – Men's Bible tnstitute of Pyengyang …… 804 – Pictures, Missionary ………………….. 214 – Offering of Native Christians ………… 889 – Playlet, "Inasmuch," a Medical ………. 50 – Quarter Century in …………………… 718 – Opening the Door, Mrs. Fred Victor …… 6~O – Reforms, Two Important ……………… 672 – Scrap About Scrapbooks ………………. 548 – Revival in Pyengyang ……………….. 412 – Stewardship, Harvey R. Calkins ………. 705 – Seoul as Christian Center ……………. 146 – Schools for Rural Pastors, Ralph S.

– Stewardship ………………………….. , 651 Adams ………………………………. 464 – Union, Church ……………………….. 672 – Teaching, Attractive ………………….. 859 – What Can We Learn From, H. Kerr Tay- – Work-Bench and 'rools ……………….. 131 lor ………………………………….. 843 – World Fellowship Demonstration ……… 707 – Women's Bibl" Institute ……………… 804 Message Missionary, W. B. Anderson ……. 353 Korean Farmer's- Christian Deeds ………. 77 Methodist Mission Budget ……………….. 148 – Mission Progress ……………………… 315 Mexican Children, Friendship …………… 877 – Seminary Revival …………………….. 77 – Indians …………………………………. 809 Korean's Importunity ……………………. 236 – Texans …………………………….. 224 Kurds of Khorasan, ·D. M. Donaldson ……. 9"9 Mexico-Temperance ……………………… 808 Lambeth Conference …………………….. 978 – and Cuba Fraternize ………………….. 490 Latin-America-Bible Crusade, George T. B. – Bibles in ………………………………. 398 Davis ………………………………. 461 – Church Peace ………………………….. 722 – – Indian Mission ……………………… 399 – Evangelical Church in …………………. 490 – – Study Course ………………………. 721 – Fifty Years in ………………………… 224 Latin Americans and Religion ………….. 150 – in Transition ………………………….. 225 – – Opportunity Among ………………… 975 – Martyr, Modern ………………………… 305 Latin American Prayer Fellowshin ……… 976 – Papal Peace with ……………………… 623 Laymen's Work of City Evangelism, Wm. – Prohibition …………………………….. 808 McCarrell …………………………… 524 – Revolution and Devolution …………….. 560 Leper Church Active, Korean ……………. 316 – Sunday-school Work …………………… 639 Leppr~, Christian Endeavor …………….. 877 – Worship, Private ………………………. 305 – Working for ………………………….. 666 Mexico's Beliefs …………………………. 66 Parle Paf/e Migrant Labor, HUluan Equation in, Laura Paraguay Makes Advance ………………… 809 H. Parker .: …………………………. 7§1 Partners in Prayer …….. . .. ' .. , ……. 958 Mingling the Nations, J@an G. Paxton …… 297 Patmos, Isle of …………. .. ………….. 404 MisHion of Christianity, Julius Richtcr ….. 747 Peabody, Mrs. Henry W …………….. " … 557 – – the Church, Anna A. Milligan ………. 753 Mission, Our, Hugh T. K.,rr ……….. , …… 796 Peace, Chnrches and World " ……………. 474 – Confessions of a ………………………. 37 – l~nion, Church …………………………. 57a – Protection ………………….. , ………… 807 Persia-Airplane "nd Missions ……………. 405 – Research Library ………………………. 806 – Changes " " ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' " " " " " " " " " 728 – Sacrifice Justified? Hugh Thomson Kerr . 335 – Changing, Wm. N. Wysham …………… 433 Missionaries-Appreciation of ……………. 573 – Difficulties Overcome …………………… 480 – CaUM Trouble? Kenneth Scott Latourctte 341 – Evangelism in .""""" .. ".""""" .. ". 312 – E-ffectlve Pioneers, Thomas Jesse Jones .. 331 – Missions and Government ……………… 647 – Increasing …………….. ' ……. '" ……. 978 – Reform Movement ……… , …………….. 232 – "Intelligence Test" …………………….. 731 Persian Chlirch, The ……………….. " … 967 .- Rugs, Those …….. " ………………….. 883 – Needed in India, R. C. Das ……………. 249 Personals-Adams, Alice Pettee ………….. 818 – Sons, Scholarships of ………………… 573 – Aldis, W. H. .. ……….. 2d Cover, Decemb€r – Anderson, W. B ………………………… 378 Missions the. Best Investment, Robert E-. – Andrews, C. F. . ………. 2d Cover, March, 474 Speer ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 340 – Andy, Choli ………………….2d Cover, June – and Capitalism, Francis J. McConnell … 357 -Beach, HarlanP ………………………. 46 – Christian View of, Courtenay H. Fenn … 749 – Bennett, Bishop ……………2d Cover, March – Berry, Martha ……………………….. ,. 3 – Too p.,rmanent Are, John R. Scotford .. 758 – Basis of Foreign, Robert E-. Speer …….. 755 – vs. Slavery ' " ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' 230 – Brown, Arthur Judson …………………. 497 Mohammedan Baptisms in India …………. 481 – Butterfield, Kenyon L….2d Cover, December – UpriSing in China …………………….. 730 – Chang Po-Ling ………………………… 242 – Youth Associations …………………….. 479 Mohammedans, German ………………….. 562 – Dasan, Yesu …………………. 2d Cover, June – Denning, Dr. and Mr•. John O……….. 818 Mohonk, Conference, Coe Hayne ………. ". 945 – Ewing, Mrs. J. C. R. ………. 2d Cover, June – Fume, Alice Brown ……..2d Cover, January Money Talks " ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' 295 – Frost, Henry W ……….. 2d Cover, December Mongolia, Beyond the Outposts, George W. – Grenfell, Wilfred T……….2d Cover, January Hunter ".""""""".""""" .. " .. ". 832 -Hodgkin, Henry T . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 818 – Reds Gain in ………………………….. 145 – Holden, J. Stuart ……………………… 83 – Huizenga, Lee S …………….. 2d Cover, June Moody Memorial Church, P. W. Philpott …. 535 – Hung, William …… , …………………… 388 Morality, Commission on Christian ………. 65 Moravian Mission to E-skimos ……………. 639 – Johnson. Mrs. F. 1. …….. 46, 2d Cover, March – Jones, E. Stanley ……………………… 378 Moravians in South Africa ……………… 727 – Kagawa, Toyohiko ……. 2d Cover, December Mormon Utopia …………………………… 223 Mormonism, Menace of ………………… 397, 807 – Kennedy, Mrs. John S…………………. 738 Morocco, E-vangelism in ………………….. 725 – Laws, Robert ……………. 2d Cover, .fune, 738 – Matthews. Basil ……… 2d Cover, Decemb€r – Transformations in, James Haldane …… 427 – Moody, Wm. R. .. ……………………… 242 Moslem Bible Picture …………………….. 565 – E-mancipation of the …………………… ,31 -Hindus and ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' 408 = m – Mott, John R ………………… " …… 578,818 – Read Bible …………………………….. 881 m~~fe~e, JFr~~k"::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::: – Slaughter in China ………. . …… 9,0 – Poling, Daniel A………. 2d Cover, December – Ramsey, Fred W ………… 2d Cover, January – Uprisings Among ………………………. 479 Motives, Old and New Mis!ionary, Samuel M.

Zwemer ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' 421 – Riggs, James F ………………………… 659 Mott, John R., Around the World ……….. 64 — Rodgers, James B . . . ,'………………….. 738 Matt's Missionary Projects ……………….. 854 – Rohold, S. B. .. ……………………… " 3 Near East, Anti-Missionary ……………… 155 – Singh, Sadhu Sundar " " ' " ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' 818 – – Approach to Ancient Churches ……… 646 – Speer, Robert E. . ………………………. 378 – – Sunday-school in …………………….. 646 – Stauffer, Milton T. . ….. 2d Cover, December –Yo W. C. A…………………………. 565 – Stearns, Mrs. Josephine McDaniel ……… 242 Negro Boy's Oath ………………………… 223 – T'sen, Lindel ………………. 2d Cover, March – Church Program " " " " ' " ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' 892 – Tyler, Florence G……………………… 818 – Education for the ……………………… 397 – White, Charles L. . ……….. , ………. 323,578 – Harlem, Growth of …………………….. 65 – Yamamoto, Koto …………. 2d Cover, January – in America …………………………….. 489 -Yang, Y. C………………………….. '…. 3 – Ministers, Training ……………………. 720 – Yapp, Arthur ……………..2d Cover, October – Women's Conferences ………………….. 806 – Yuan, Railton ……………………………. £3 – Y. M. C. A …………………………….. 559 Negroes Honored …………………………. 304 – Zwemer, Samuel M…… 578, 2d Cover, tlcwber Peru, Crisis in ………………… ,……….. 878 Nepal, Christian Witness For …………… 969 – Critical Situations in ………………….. 978 New Guinea-Good News in Kwato ………. 146 =- Foundations, Laying …………………… 640 – – "Hung Up" in ………………………. 486 ~~~:~.:'s~' TIh~~~.::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 4~~ – – Kwato ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' 146 – Unevangelized ………………………….. 306 New Hebrides, Teachers, Native …………. 805 Ph ilippines-Chinese Mission …. , …. , ……. 147 – Hospital Named for Bishop Brent ……… 972 New Zealand-Maori Bishop ……………… 487 – – Maoris …………………….. '''''''''''' 719 – Problems ………… , ……………………. 71g- Nicaragua-Church for Indians, New ……. 722 – Progress …………………………….. 572, 889 – – Cruise, Interesting, Kenneth G. Hamilton 594 Nigeria-"Coming-Out" Party, Elizabeth Mc- Poem. Prayer Call to Preach, Otto H. Houser 87 – I Do It Unto Thee …………………….. 5~8 Donald Wilkinson …………………… 606 Norway, Communism in …………………. 401 – .Tesus T Know, Henry Burton ………….. 849 – Kin!' Hassan's Proverb. James Buckham . 11~ Objection, Naval Officer's ………………… 605 – Lord of All Pots and Pans ……………. 538 Olcott, Eben Erskine, William 1. Chamber- – Missionary ……………………………… 326 lain …………………………………. 615 – One …………………………………. , … 634 Oriental Dispersion ………………………. 414 – Prayer and Power ………… , …………. 135 Pacific Relations Institute ……………….. 485 Palestine and Bible ………………………. 797 – – for Deeds, John Drinkwater ………… 460 – Baptists in Galilee …………………….. 311 – Quiet Room, J. G. Whittier ………….. 790 – Spoken Word, Mary E. Hough ………… 16 – Bible School. Mount of Olives ………… 404 – Conditions. Present, S. B. Rohold …….. 771 – To Win the World, John Oxenham …… 19 – Hotels, Bibles for ……………………… 566 – With God ………………………………. 7fi1 Polish Reformation …………………….. ,. 401 – Jewish Christians, Church …………….. 883 – Lepers, Work for ……………………… 566 Porto Rico – Lepers, Christian Endeavor – Unrest in ………………………………. 857 Among …. , …………………………. , 877 Fanama-Bible Selling in ………………… 225 –Leprosy in …………. , ………………. 66 Page Page Porto HicD Relief ……………………….. 475 Sunday-school Progress ………………….. 63 – ~ Seven in One ………………………… 560 – – Union, Egypt and Sudan ……………. 308 Supreme Person ami the Supreme Quest, Prayer for Missions, Day of …………….. 62 Robert A. Hume ……………………. 97 –Unity ………………………………… 58 Surinam-Bush Negroes of ………………. 8711 – Reasons for, New………………………. 62 Survey Help Does a ReligiOUS, Arthur H.

– World Day of .. ' … !)S. 47", S69, 9,.0 Armstrong …………………………… 517 Swedish Missions's Semi-Centennial ……… 153 Presbyterians, Two Million ……………… 973 Syria-After Jerusalem in Habib Subhaeyah 196 Syrian Mission, British …………………… 797 Prohibition in Germany ………………….. 880 Thirsty Land and God's Channels, Lilias – – Japanese Army ………………………. 76 Trotter ………………………………. 280 Tibet-Hope for, New …………………….. 145 – – Mexico ……………………………….. 808 – Pioneering in ………………………….. 887 – Rifles and Chaos ………………………. 410 – India …………………………………… 798 Tibetan Orphanage, Birth of, Dorris E.

– Student Sobriety Society ………………. &17 Shelton ……………………………… 258 Trotter, Lilias, of Algiers, Isabelle May …. 277 Protestant Episcopal Convention …………. 64 Turkey-Alphabet, New …………………… 231 – and lIIanual Labor …………………….. 966 Queensland Aborigines, North ……………. 77 – Bible Revision …………………………. 727 – Changes, Social ………………………… 797 Quest or a Conquest Robert E. Speer …… 346 – Mosques Demolished ……………………. 479 – Normal Again …………………………. 564 Race Relations, Institute for …………….. 704 – Opportunities in ……………………….. 404 Turkisli Straws, Charles T. Riggs ……….. 245 Radio, Broadcasting Gospel by, H. F. La- – Women as Pioneers ……………………. 480 Turks and the Bible …………………… 727 flamme ………………………………. 509 Tuskegee in Liberia ……………………… 812 Uganda-Wireless in ……………………… 230 – to Heart of Africa …………………….. 311 Union in China, Church …………………. 315 – – Korea, Church ………………………. 672 Relormed Churches, World Alliance of ….. 703 – – Scotland, Church ……………………. 858 – Lutherans Move Toward ……………….. 724 Rhenish Mission Centenary ………………. 152 – Methodists of Britain ………………….. 641 – Movements ….. ; …………………….. 487,703 Roman Catholic Counter Reformation ……. 67 – of Evangelic,,] and Reformed Churches … 974 – Presbyterian-Methodist ….. ,…………….. 414 Rural Church Problem …………………… 638 United Home Mi<lsions in Canada ………… 224 – Presbytsrlah Anniversary ………………. 558 – Pastors 'Vhy Summer Schools for, Ralph United States, Census of Federated Churches 148 – – Chapel in a Hotel …………………… 130 S. Adams ……………………………. 461 – – Chinese Baptisms in Berkeley ………. 66 – – – Communists, Help for …………….. 224 – Missions, Importance of ……………….. 317 – – – Pl'esbyterian Church and Day Schools Russia and China ……………………….. 949 Anniversary …………………………. 489 – Baptisms ………………………….. 613 – – – Students' Christian Association An- – Bible Fami"e ………………………….. 308 niversary ……………………………. 891 – – Denominations Get Together ………… 488 – Flocks Without Pastors ……………….. 809 – – Evangelism, Federal Council ………… 303 – Godles. .. . .. . . . . .. . . .. .. .. . . . .. . . .. . . . . .. . . . .. 492 – — Foreign-Born, Training ……………… 638 – – – Missions at Home …………………. 398 – Moscow Urges War on Religion ……….. 153 – – – Students' Challenge ……………….. 558 – – Foreigners, Practical Work for …….. 175 – Pastors for …………………………….. g80 – – Hardships Today, Pioneer …………… 396 – – Industrial Institution for Women ….•. 55 – Religious Antagpnism ………………….. 7~1 – – Jewish Christllins ……………………. 720 – – League of Evangelical StUdents …….. 120 – – Reign of Terror, Paul Hutchinson ….. 835 – – Mexicans in ………………………. 224, 304 Russian Anti-Religious Campaign ………… 227 – – Penitentiary for Women ……………. 892 – – Penticost, Commemorate …………….. &90 – "League of Death" ……………………. 2"8 – – Rural Pastor ………………………… 390 – – – Problem, Attacking Our, Clarence A. – View of Evang1elism in Russia, Th. Aubert 839 Shake ……………………………….. 266 Russia's ReligiOUS 'Vave …………………. 68 – – Statistics, l!Jeligious ………………. 418, 579 – – Students' Beliefs …………………….. 489 Sacrifice Justified. Missionary. Hugh T. Kerr 335 – – Survey, Result of a …………………. 396 – – Union, Church ………………………. 487 Salvation Army Reform ……………. '.' ….. 226 – – West, Challenge of the, Meddleton S.

Samoan Church Centenary ……………….. 317 Barnwell …………………………….. 11 – – Women, Federal Industrial Institution Scotland-Gambling, Glasgow Hits ……….. 723 for ………………………………….. 55 – Missions in United Free Church ………. 879 – – – Federal Penitentiary for …………. 892 —Unique Work Among ……………… 520 – Fnited Church in Yoo …………….. .400, 858 Youth in Foreign Mission Movement, Mildred Scriptures, Foreign-Language ……………. 396 Welch ……………………………….. 59 Service, Seven Lessons on Christian, Arthur – – Youth, Neglected ……………………. 30~ T. Pierson ……………………….. .458, 761 – – Youth's Service Bureau, Chicago …… 891 Siam-Chinese in …………………………. 137 Unity, Prayer for ………………………… 58 – Missions, Century of, Lucy Starling …… 5 Unoccupied Fields ……………………….. 780 – Sixty Years in ………………………… 482 Vatican's Temporal Kingdom …………….. 288 Siam's King at Centennial ……………….. 417 Venezuela Earthquake ……………………. 723 Siberia, Lutherans in Korth …………….. 562 Waldenses Today …………………………. 643 Singh, Sadhu Sundar, at Sabathu, A. J. Ap- Wang, C. T ………………………………. 73 paseny ………………………………. 440 War, Conference on Cause ana Cure of …. 56 – – – and Other Sadh us ………………… 407 Why I Became a Christian, John A. Subhan 105 Slavery in Africa, Theodore Burtt ………. 31 Wilder Memorial in India ……………….. 777 – vs. Missions ……………………………. 230 Williams, John E., and Turning Point in China, Murder of …………………… 679 Sleeping Sickness, Battling ………………. 310 Slessor, Mary, Memorial F'und ……………. 645 Social Conditions in Egypt, Daisy G. Philips 908 Song-All the World …………………….. 550 South America. Hoover's Visit to ………… 8:'3 – – Moravian Missions and Rats ………… 151 – – Religious Awakening ………………… 808 – – Union, Inland ……………………….. liiO Spain, Colporteur in …………………….. 562 – Y. M. C. A. in Barcelona ……………… 723 Spiritual Remedies for Physical Ills, W. T.

Reid …………………………………. 39 Statistics-Medical Missions ………………. 352 Stewardship Campaign in India …………. ?33 – in Korea ……………………………….. 651 Stock, Eugene, Memorial …………………. 562 Stockholders, Missionary …………………. R7!) Student Conference, World ………………. 567 – Olncers, World's ……………………….. 572 – Sobriety SOCiety ……………………….. 6.~7 – Work in Greece ……………………….. 22S Students, League of Evangelical …………. 720 – of Britain at Liverpool ………………… 306 Study BOOks for Every One ……………… 495 Sudan, Advance In ……………………….. 563 – Interior Mission ………………….. .402, 644 – Missionaries. More …………………….. R09 Sumatra, Religion in …………………….. 413 – Reorganizes ……………………………. 487 Summer Schools for Rural Pastors? Why, Ralph S. Adams …………………….. 464 Sunday-school Conference in Bible Lands .. 311 Page Page VjIlialllstowll l'ketillg of J. rvI. e., Esther WOlnenls Progress in JUl)an G50 Strong ……………………………… 665 World Day of Prayer …. . 472 Women and Children Last, Laura 11. Vhite 901 – Dominion Movenlent …… !.liS – in Annual Hoard Meetillg .. ..' … …. (if, – Wide Program, Jesus', S. J…r. Morris…… 17 – – Egypt, Daisy G. Philips ………… 90~ Wu, 7i Fang …………………………….. 557 –the Church ………………………….. 47:1 Wyckoff, Mrs. M. J., J. J. Lucas ………… 43 – National Commission of Protestant Church 634 Y. M. C. A., Colored ……………………. 559 – National Council of Federated Church … 636 – in Barcelona, Spain ……………………. 723 – of Holland Unite ………………………. 411 – – Czechoslovakia ………………………. 880 – Status of ……………………………… 377 Y. W. C. A. in the Canal Zone ………….. 150 – Unique ,York Among ………………….. 520 – – Near East ………………………….. 565 – World Fellowship of Christian, Mrs. Henry Youth and Foreign Missions, Stanley High .. 393 W. Peabody …………………………. 876 — in Foreign Mission Movement, Purposes 'Vomen's Christian Temperance Union of and Possibilities for, Mildred Welch .. 59 India , ……………………………….. 406 – of Tomorrow, African, Max Yergan …… 187 – Conference, Pan-Pacific ……………….. 139 – Movements in Europe ………………….. 857 BOOKS REVIEWED Page Page Across the World of Islam, Samuel M. Judson of Burma, Alfred Mathieson …….. 814 Zwemer ……………………………… 159 Kingdom Without Frontiers, Hugh Martin .. 734 Letters of Maxwell Chaplin ……………… 656 Aggrey of Africa, Edwin W. Smith …….. 979 Liberia-Old and New, James L. Sibley …. 735 Mexico Before the World, Plutarco Elias Anatomy of African Misery, Lord Olivier .. 733 Ancient Chinese Political Theories, Kuo- Calles……………………………….. 80 Mexico, Past and Present, George B. Winton 816 cheng Wu …………………………… 158 Missionary Education in the Church, Herbert Are Foreign Missions Done For? Robert E. Wright Gates ……………………….. 79 Speer ……………………………….. 415 Missionary Education of Primary Childl'en, Authority of the Bible, C. H. Dodd ……. . Wilhelmina Stooker ………………… 655 ……………………….3d Cover, September Missionary Imperative; Editor, Elmer T.

Awaking World, Stanley High …………… 78 Clark ……………………………….. 814 Behind the Scenes, Samuel H. Chester …… 239 Missions in a Changing World, W. W. Pinson 78 Moslem Mentality, L. Levonian ………….. 493 Bible Dramas, William Ford Manley …….. 320 Mussolini and the New Italy, Alexander Rob- Book for Boys and Girls, John Bunyan; ertson ……………………………….. 815 Edited by E. S. Buchanan ………….. 239 Near East and American Philanthropy, A Case for Christianity, Clement F. Rogers .. 493 Changing Family, George W. Fiske ……… 736 Survey; Frank S. Ross, C. Luther Fry, Elbridge Sibley …………………….. 574 Character Building Through Recreation, Ken- Negro Problems in Cities, T. J. Woofter .,. 575 neth L. Heaton ………….. : ………… 574 1,(){'() City Churches, H. Paul Douglass …… 575 Children of the Chief, May Entwistle …….. 816 Persia Old and New, W. Wilson Cash …… 813 Children of the Light in India, Mrs. Arthur Pilgrimage of Buddhism, James Basset Pratt 494 Pioneer Days in Hawaii, Oliver P. Emerson 653 Parker ………………………………. 576 Prayers for the Way, John S. Bunting ….. 896 China Christian Year Book for 1928, Edited Protestantism in the United States, Archer by Frank Rawlinson ………………… 159 B. Bass ……………………………… 734 Christian Unity-Its History and Gains, Jack- Red Lama, Mildred Cable and Francesca son Siosser ………………………….. 654 French ………………………………. 3~O Church in the Changing City, H. Paul Doug- Report of the Jerusalem Meeting of the In- lass ………………………………….. 575 ternational Missionary Council …….. 159 City's Church, H. Paul Douglass ………… 574 River Plate Republics, W. E. Browning …. 816 Seven Thousand Emeralds. Frank C.· Lau- Crowded Ways, Charles Hatch Sears …….. 575 Deeds Done for Christ, Sir James Marchant 160 bach ………………………………… 980 Desire of All Nations, Egbert W. Smith …. 158 Stories of Grit, Archer Wallace ………….. 240 Far Eastern International Relations, Hosea Tales of Pioneers, Archer ,Vall ace ……… 655 Ballou Morse and Harley F. MacNair .. 416 Temple Gairdner of Cairo, Constance Pad- Farmer, ,Vu, the Man Who Baptized Him- wick ………………………………….. 980 self, C. N. Lack …………………….. 158 Three Boys on the Yangtze, B. M. McKinley 160 Foreign Missions Fnder Fire, Cornelius H. Through Central Africa. W. J. 'V. Roome .. 979 Patton ………………………………. 415 Top of the World, Welthy Honsinger ……

From Jerusalem to Jerusalem, Helen B. ……………………….. " .3d Cover, March Montgomery …………………………. 655 Training for World Friendship, Ina Corinne Gosi>€1 for an Age of Thought, A. Z. Conrad 493 Brown ……………………………….. 893 Hannington, James, of Africa, Charles D. Under the North Star, Katharine E. Glad- Michael ……………………………… 656 felter ………………………………… 654 History of Christian Missions in China, K. S. Where Polar Ice Begins, S. H. Gapp …….. 736 Latourette …………………………… 318 Why and How of the Women's Missionary Humanity of God, John Wright Buckham .. 734 Union, Wilma G. Bucy ……………… 816 Immigrant Farmers and 'Their Children, Ed- Why Believe It? Delavan L. Pierson …….. 318 mund deS. Brunner …………………. 895 Why Protestants Are Needed in the Philip- In Spite of Han<;licaps, Ralph W. Bullock .. 79 pines, Frank C. Laubach ……………. 80 Japan and Christ, M. S. Murao and W. H. Windows into Alaska, Gertrude C. Warner Murray Walton …………………….. 894 and Elizabeth Harris ……………….. 654 Ja:pan Mission Year Book; Editor, Paul S. Youth and the New America, G. Bromley Mayer ……………………………….. 733 Oxnam ………………………………. 159 Jerusalem: A Critical Review of "The World Mission of Christianity," Roland Allen 136 Jerusalem Meeting of the International Council, Report …………………….. 237

The Missionary Review of the World — December 1929

Yours a MERCY Christmas7'

.

McCUTCHEON LINENS for every hostess on your Christmas list, Handkerchiefs and these novelties to please those for whom you "can't think of a thing!"

Colorful Moorcroft Pitcher from Liberty's $8.75 Kashmir Goat Hair Rugs, rich and colorful $18.50 Slip-On Washable French suede Gloves . $3.75 a pair Sheer Hose with clox. Smart shades . . . $3.95 a pair Each gift packed in a dainty Christmas box McCutcheon's n" . FIFTH AVENUE AT FORTy-N1NTH ST. DEPT. No. 20, NEW YORK Ret]. US Rlt. on: -11- . – . -.-….– . – . — . – -… – . – — –.. , ~I~-.~.~….~…~…~ .-..~-'-'''-!; ..£.~'''''!;£-'-'~'—-'–''-'-=–'~~~'~~~~P-~~~~~'

I A Guaranteed Income lor Life ~~ WOULD you like to be relieved of the care of keeping your money safely ,~ invested, and at the same time have an assured income for the rest of your I life–much larger than you are now receiving?

Would you like to provide all income for some;,relative; a brother, or sister, a husband, a wife, some more distant relative, or a f,riend ? , Would you like to feel that after you are through with life, and the person or persons for whom you have provided have passed .on, your money will continue to do good for generations to come I Our Life Annuity Agreements /~ will do 10" yo. 1IIe Tery dalncs en….erated . . .ve and wUI …..aatee Absolute Safety Annuity Does Not Change Agreements issued by the undersigned organi- These agreements are good during the lifetime zations have back of them millions of dollars of the beneficiaries and. notwithstanding Huc- worth of property in all parts of the world. mations of bonds. stocks or real estate values, and the moral backing of the Methodist Epis- the amount of annuity is never changed.

copal Church. Annuity Paid PI"ODIpdy Rates During the entire history of these boards, an- nuity checks have been mailed promptly accord- The amount of annuity paid is larger than the ing to the terms of the agreement without a income from most safe investments and is de- case of defaulting. termined by the age of the annuitant.

For further information write: MORRIS W. EHNES, Treasurer, Board of Foreign Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 150 Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y., or W. J. ELLIO'IT. Treasurer. Board of Home Missions and Church ExteElSion of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 1701 Ar<h Street, Philadelphia, Pa.

;~;t.~~~~~~~~~;:;~~~;:;~~~~~~~~~~~~~~l,~ Please mention THI: 11.IISSIONARY REVIEW OF TilE 'VORLD in writing to advertisers. THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD Spirit-filled Christian stewards like to ma~e DELAVAN L. PIIlRSON, Editor them. CONTENTS-Deoember, 192ft Annuity Gifts to the National Bible Institute are not only extraordinarily fine gifts, but Page they pay dividends in trained Christian FRONTISPIECE …..••••• , ••••..•••••• workers proclaiming the Gospel at home and abroad. TRANSFORMING THE AUSTRALIAN ABO- RIGINES Y011 can help greatly in evangelizing the world and enjoy WOMEN AND CHILDREN LAST ..••••• ……………. .. LAURA M. WHITE 901 a non-fluctuating income for life WOMEN AND SOCIAL CONDITIONS IN through an Annuity Gift. EGYPT ..••.. DAISY GRIGGS PHILIPS 908 SECURITY STABILITY S~ ABYSSINIA AN EMERGING EMPIRE … · ….••••••••• '.' •..•• H. A. KELSEY 915 999 SHALL WE FOLLOW THE APOSTOLIC For detailed information write to WAY? ……..•.• HOWARD A. BANKS 919 THE NATIONAL BIBLE INSTITUTE CHINESE MISSIONARIES IN BORNEO ………………… R. A. JAFFRAY 922 THE SELF-EVANGELIZATION OF INDIA ……………… MRS. W. W. DUFF 925 THE KURDS OF KHORASAN ……..• • ..•..•.•…. DWIGHT M. DONALDSON 929 340 West 55th Street, New York City AN AFRICAN VILLAGE FOR A DOLLAR Don O. Shelton, President • ..•••••••••••.••••• WILLIAM CLARE: BELL AND ELIZABETH LOGAN ENNIS 938 Hugh R. Monro, Treasurer CHINESE WOMEN AND RELIGION …. · …….. , ……… MRS. C. C. CHEN 941 MOHONK CONF'ERENCE ON THE AMER- ICAN INDIAN ………. COE HAYNE 945 TOPICS OF 'THE TIMES •…………• 947 ( METHODS FOR THE WORLD DAY OF PRAYER .'… EDITED BY MRS. F. I. 1= , JOHNSON •••••.••••••••••.•••••••• 950 LET YOUR GIn" HOME AND FOREIGN MISSION BUL- _LETIN •••••••••.••.•••••…….• 958 to Foreign Missions WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK •••.••••••••• 963 BOOKS WORTH READING ••••••.•••• 978 PAY YOU A LIFE INCOME INDE,X FOR 1929 …………••• , •••• 983 You can make a generous.gift to foreign mis- TERMS.-$2.50 a year. ($2.00 In clubs of sions and have a needed income for yourself five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, and others from the money you give by the 25 cents. Published monthly. Cop,.rlghted. 1928. by MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COM- Annuity Gift Plan PANY, INC. All rights reserved This plan relieves you of uncertainty- and THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING worry causea by changing values of invested COMPANY, INC. funds and assures you a fixed income of – 4t% to 9% per year for the rest of your life A reserve fund of over $1.500.000 guarantees ROBERT E. SPEER, President the vrompt payment of annuities to yqu. WILLIAM I. CHAMBIlBLAIN, Vloe-Presldent Protect yourself against loss through DELAVAN L. PIERSON, ,seoretary unwise investments and at the same time WALTER McDOUGALL, Treaaurer help send the gospel to all the world. Publication Office, 3d & Reil,. St., Harrisburg, For full £n/ormatiotl write Pa. 25c'a copy. $2.50 a year. Erne« F. HDII, Secretary, Dept. ofAnnuilie. Editorial and Business Office, 156 Fifth Avenue, BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS New York Cit,. of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. Entered as second-class matter at the Post 156 Fifth Avenue. New York Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of March 3, 1879.

Please mention Tall MISSlONARY RIlVIEW OF THIl WORLD In writing to advertisers. A CA VE IS THE HOME OF THESE LEPERS F OR the Christ Child there was was NO ROOM in the dweJlings of men. At this season when all Christians celebrate His Birthday, let us remember those others against whom a:l men have closed their doors-the world's helpless, homeless lepers.

Multitudes in Need "Every night the last sound we heard was the moaning, sobbing cry of the sixty homeless lepers outside the gate," says a traveler, speaking of a Leper Hospital which he recently visited. "Every morning we looked down upon that same crowd lying on the ground."

There are thousands of lepers like these; shall they be rescued for lives of Christian usefulness?

Follow Christ's Command Help the American Mission to Lepers, interdenominational and international, to "CLEANSE THE LEPERS."

Through 140 centers of mercy in 40 countries many needy lepers are being relieved and rescued.

Increase your own Christmas joy, and put the light of hope into these darkened lives by sending a Christmas gift to-day.

What Dollars Will £)0 $2-'-Blanket fOf a leper.

$S-Food for one patient for two months.

$l~Chaulmoogra oil for two years of weekly treatments, a period sufficient to "discharge as cured" a leper in the early stages.

$4~Complete care of one leper for one year. > r——————- $30~A cottage for six to twelve lepers at a mission station. Send your Contribution to Enclosed is $ ….. '… , my Christmas gift III to the leper~~ FLEMING H. REVELL, Name of America and other binds. ' Trecuurer .. > •••••••• > ••• > •••••••••••••••••••• ne American Mission to Lepers, Inc. I Address . > •• > >> ••••••• > ••••••• > ••••••••••• Ave., Room II ………….. 156 Fifth 1119L > •••••••••••• » •••••••••••••• New York City !……………….H~ Ple-ase lllPntion THE )JISS]OSARY REVIEW OF THE '~ORLD in writing to aL1w~rtiSf'rs.

by Miss Ma1"qarct Matthcws J Goulbut-n Island. via Darwi·n. Northern

UNEVANGELIZED ABORIGINES OF AUSTRALIA Thp.sp. mp.n are tYoical of the hlack mp.ll of North AustraJia. The balls hanging on the necks of three are charms to drive away evil spirits. They probably contain some portion of a deep-asP.(] warrior wbose virtue is supposed to enter the Dossessor.

f!HRIRTIAN ABOlUGINER AND THEIR LEADER- A MISSIONARY The Rev. R. L. Keiuel"t bas taken a Kreat interest in training the Christian youth to play musical instruments in harmony. These Australian aborigines are said to be the "lowest type of civil humanity." but many are accepting Christ and are living witnesses to Him among their dark brothers.

TRANSFORMING THE AUSTRALIAN ABORIGINES 'l~here are ~stimated to be about 83,000 Aborigines now in Australia- most of them in the Northern 'l'erritory. This is only half the estimated populntinn when the white men first caDle about one bundred and fifty yea-rs- aa;:o.

LII, No. 12 December

WOMEN AND CHILDREN LAST The Story of Christian Literature for the Chinese* BY LAURA M. WHITE, Shanghai, China Missionary of the lVoman's F01~ei{/n Missionar.ll Society of tlH~ Methodist Episcopal Ohurch, 1891-; Editor oj the Nu To p(J·O of the Chri8tian Literature Society J CCORDING to tradition the the plea that it was beneath the f i first Christian missionaries dignity of China to borrow an alphabet from another country. to China were Syrians who blazed their way across Central The famous Nestorian tablet Asia, beginning' in the 2d or even records the work of Nestorian misin the 1st century A. D. They sionaries who journeyed from Perbrought with them two priceless sia to Central China, reaching Sian gifts-the Christian Scriptures Fu in 635. Reference is made to and the alphabet, and seem to have the fact that they brought with had very early editions of the them the Scriptures, a translation whole Bible (Peshito version) ex- of which was to be found in the cepting the three small epistles of imperial library. This evidence is Peter, John and Jude, and the corroborated by an Arab traveller Apocalypse. Every Syrian mis- of the 9th Century, Ibu Wahab, sionary had a copy of at least one who journeyed to the capital of portion of Scripture, laboriously China and was given an audience made by hand; and students were with the emperor. He was shown expected to memorize large parts pictures of the patriarchs, prophof the Psalms and New Testament. ets, Noah and the Ark, Moses These Christians penetrated Cen- with his rod, Jesus on an ass, surtral Asia, spreading their culture, rounded by the apostles and other and adapting their alphabet to the Bible scenes. The emperor seemed various tribes-the Mongolians, to be very familiar with the Scrip- Manchus and Tartars. Mongolian ture narrative. script was apparently popular in China until Kublai Khan ordered Twenty-five years ago Profesa return to ideographic writing on sor Paul Pelliot discovered in a "The writer wishes to acknowledge her in- sealed up cave of Tung Huang, ~;ttcl~llt~S t:;Jl'latl~SPDr~fTi~~~b~aUi~ha:d, ~~~~ Kiang Su Province, a number of valuable ancient manuscripts; P;e g~rti~~ ~~~~l:~d'M~~i~~:~y SS~:i~~7.' ¥~ among them was a roll written in ;fo~~f~~d'viJJ~~·~~~rt~i1~n~rOf~ss~~.. O~t~~~~~~: Chinese characters, perfectly legi- ble, and written in the 9th or 10th ~oe~~0~i~!tliti.;;!n~:1ti()ll on Fire. a History of 901

century by some Chinese Christian. literary and scientific channels. It includes a Chinese translation of Famous western authors, Euclid the Gloria in Excelsis, followed by and Aristotle, etc., were translated a list of venerated Christians and into Chinese. Mathematics, geogbooks. At the end is a note ex- raphy and astronomy were taught. plaining that the number of books Selections from the Scriptures with put into Chinese from the Mother pictorial illustrations were printed Church of Syria was five hundred and published. A lexionary, (readand thirty. Christianity in the ings from the Scriptures for holy T'ang Era (618-845 A. D.) was days) was published in 1636. probably a dominant religion; but These selections cover the printhe adverse edict of 845 A. D., cipal events in the life of Jesus. ordering the suppression of Nes- Also the New Testament was torianism and Buddhism, almost translated faithfully by some undestroyed the Nestorians. These known missionary at that time. Christian manuscripts may have In the 18th century Catholic mis- sionaries were all either expelled or been sealed up in the cave at about put to death. Churches were conthat time. fiscated by the government, and Later, under the liberal Mon- Christianity was again a progolian Dynasty Christianity again scribed religion until 1844. In 1738 grew in strength. There were an English merchant, Mr. Hodgmany Nestorian churches in Kiang son, visited Canton. He had some Su, Chekiang, Honan, Korea, and knowledge of Chinese characters, other provinces. The Chinese em; and his attention was called to an peror, Kublai Khan, venerated the old Chinese book which he found Gospels, and in 1271 sent a letter to be a New Testament. Mr. Hodgto the Pope by the Polo brothers re- son had a copy made which was questing a hundred missionaries. Two were sent, but turned back dis- afterwards presented to the British mayed by the difficulties encoun- Museum. It consists of a harmony tered on the journey. In 1289 of the four Gospels, the Book of John of Monte Carino arrived at Acts, the Pauline epistles and the the Chinese Court, and found the Scriptures, both Old and New first chapter of Hebrews. Testament, in Chinese; and esti- In the beginning of the 19th mated that there were about two century Robert Morrison made a hundred thousand Christians. He study of this book at the British was later reinforced by ten other museum; copied it, and having missionaries and before his death acquired a knowledge of the Canestimated that besides the Nestori- tonese language, sailed as a misans there were a hundred thousand sionary to China in 1804. Morrison Catholics. But the tolerant Mongul earned his living as secretary, first Dynasty was expelled from China to the East India Company and and the Ming Dynasty in a terrific later to Lord Napier. To preach persecution extirpated all Chris- the Gospel or even to teach Chinese tians. to a foreigner was then a capital offense; consequently Morrison's The Jesuits brought new gifts of missionary work was mainly liter- Christian literature to the Chinese ary. He made the first Chinese and in the middle of the 16th century. English dictionary, and translated They made their appeal through the Bible into Chinese, acknowl-

WOMEN AND CHILDREN LAST

edging in the preface his indebted- Americans, Rev. Ernest Faber, a ness to the Testament which he German, and Dr. Timothy Richard, had studied in the British Museum. a Welshman, all made outstanding In · 1844 Monsieur de Lagrene contributions to Christian litera- obtained formal recognition of ture. Later Dr. Williamson and Christianity, and protection of Dr. Griffith John were appointed its adherents from persecution. by a general conference of mission- Former repressive edicts were an- aries to prepare Christian school nulled. Protestant missionaries books. Women in the western part later came to China, concentrating of Scotland formed the first Wom- in five ports in which they were permitted to live. They com- menced to lay the foundations of Protestant Christianity, hardly knowing how to attack the over- whelming problems which con- fronted them. They were ignorant of China's religions and of the classics. Morrison's Bible was not in the language of the common people. In their efforts to put Christian truth into Chinese they encountered the same rock of dif- ficulty on which the Catholic Church in 1715 had been wrecked.

What terms should be used for God? Shall it be "Shang Ti," or "Sheng," or "Tien"?

The edict of 1844 soon became a dead letter. Catholic Christians were still persecuted. Missionary life in China was almost unbear- able, until 1860 when a new treaty was signed, by which eleven new ports were opened to trade, free- LAURA M. WHITE dom to missionaries was granted for travel and residence in China, an's Auxiliary for cooperation in and protection for converts was the work of preparing Christian promised. In addition missionaries literature.

were permitted to rent and pur- In 1887 Dr. Williamson founded chase land in all provinces, and to the Society of Christian Literature erect buildings thereon at pleasure. for China and when he died in Protestantism commenced its 1890, the English Baptists loaned missions in earnest. Bible societies Dr. Timothy Richard as general were established and God raised secretary to the society. Under his up for their tasks literary giants. wise guidance the organization Alexander Williamson, a Scotch- prospered as a society within the man, founded the Scotch Bible different missionary societies of Society; Dr. S. Wells Williams China. Each missionary loaned to and Rev. Young J. Allen, both the service of the Christian Litera-

ture Society received his salary tance. One cannot help smiling at from his own Board. Outstanding the thought of little Lord Fauntle- volumes on theology were begun. roy with his golden curls, and Ellen Ponderous volumes on political Montgomery, a trifle sullen over science, sociology, histories, biogra- her slate colored stockings, both phies, etc., all written in elegant pushing their youthful way into Wen Li, were widely distributed such elegant literary society.

among the literati. These books While reading Tolstoy's "Mar- and the new ideas circulated by chez Pendant que Vous Avez la the magazines published by the Lumiere" Miss White was inspired Christian Literature Society cre- with a brilliant idea-she would ated a great ferment in China, confiscate the plot, and locate it in thus starting a reform movement Shangtung Province. It was a good among the students. plot and well worth appropriating.

A few years later Dr. Young Tolstoy's arguments against im- J. Allen, realizing that practically perialism, militarism, and Roman nothing had been written for wom- and Greek philosophies could easily en and children, commenced his be changed into appeals for Chris- great work Women in All Lands, tianity against Buddhism and Con- virtually' an encyclopedia in ten fucianism. When all was finished volumes, beautifully illustrated and she went with the book to her great written in terse, classical Wen Li. and wise friend Dr. Timothy Rich- This was the beginning of woman's ard.

literature in China. Alas! Women "What shall I call the book?"

and children could not read these she asked. "It is not a translation attractive books, nor would the men or even an adaptation. Tolstoy most of China buy the series to read to certainly would disown the child in them. Only dust and book worms its Chinese dress, with communism took to the elegant volumes which eliminated and an orthodox heaven, were subsequently disposed of as hell, devil, and angels added! In prizes and gifts to school libraries. my arguments for Christianity I Later Miss Laura White with have cribbed from Browning, trembling hands ventured to pre- Ruskin, Phillips Brooks, Lyman sent to the learned Society "The Abbot, Henry Drummond, and Broom Maker" and "Picciola, the even Butler's Analogy."

Story of a Prison Flower." These "My dear child," said the famous two stories seemed incongruous sinalogue. "You have written an with the erudite spirit of the Chris- original story."

tian Literature Society at that "But there is hardly an original time. Yet both books were of good thought in it."

pedigree–"The Broom Maker" "I would not expect it," was the being sponsored by John Ruskin, reply. "Only two or three new and "Picciola" famous as a French thoughts are born in a century."

classic. Both books were given The success of this book, "The Five rather a doubtful welcome, and Calls," which went through twenty grudgingly placed on the book editions, gave Miss White courage shelves. Next year "Little Lord to say "yes" when the Christian Fauntleroy" appeared, and a little Literature Society asked her to edit later "The Wide, Wide World" by a magazine for women and girls.

Mrs. McGillivray asked for admit- Next Mrs. McGillivray, whose

WOMEN AND CHILDREN LAST

husband had joined the Christian as in "The Bird's Christmas Literature staff in 1889, became Carol." Editorials and serials in the editor of Happy Childhood, the the magazine are afterwards gath- popular Christian periodical for ered up and published in book children. A charming little maga- form. In this way we have "The zine it is! Full of pretty pictures, Secret Garden," "Scenes from Ben bright stories, clever puzzles, in- Hur," "Romola," "The Dawn of teresting songs and beautifully Hope," "We Women, Our Golden printed on good paper. The chil- Hope" by Constance Maynard, dren of China are indebted to their "History of Women's Social Prog- understanding friend for "The ress" and many others.

Childhood of Jesus," "Jesus, My For some years the W. C. T. U.

Saviour," a mine of attractive in America furnished funds for stories, and many children's books the production of a number of that one has not the time to men- temperance books, and our special tion here. Perhaps her loveliest catalogue of books for the home book is a translation of Mrs. Pea- and for schools includes many body's wonderful book, "Prayers biographies of devoted women- For Children." "Anne of Ava," "Elizabeth Fry,"

No one can equal Mrs. McGilliv- "Amanda Smith," "Pandita Ram- ray in preparing books for chil- abai," "Florence Nightingale,"

dren and her illustrations are "Mary Slessor," "Mary Lyons,"

irresistible in their cleverness. "Alice Freeman Palmer," "Mary What mother could resist buying Reed, Missionary to the Lepers"

"Prayers for Children" when she and others. There are a few books sees the illustrations of the "Prayer on home making, helps for moth- for Father on a Journey." Here ers and Bible women, health is the coolie with his baggage, and books, many songs and anthems, the wheelbarrow or sedan chair to Christian plays and pageants.

carry him to the canal, and then A few years ago our Chinese edi- the big river steamer to take him torial staff was somewhat troubled to Shanghai. Noone has given in trying to reconcile Christianity more joy to the children of China and science, having read some dis- than Mrs. McGillivray. turbing books. Day by day they In 1923 Miss Martha Pyle, for- gathered at the Christian Litera- merly head of the McTyeire School, ture round table on which they came to the help of the Woman's threw every doubt, difficulty and Department of the Christian Lit- doctrine to which they objected.

erature Society and has done ex- It was Miss White's task to search cellent work. the libraries, and to consult with On the editorial staff of our Nu theologians until the girls' ques- To Pao, the magazine for girls and tionings were answered. Miss women, are several young Chinese Kwangfang Lee, the most strenu- women, all high school and college ous doubter, afterwards wove the graduates. A Gin-Lin Student put conversations and arguments into Mrs. Wiggs into a Chinese cabbage her little story, "From the Seen to patch. In a certain Christmas play, the Unseen." Later the National her little Ruggles are just as lov- Christian Council sent out a ques- able dressed up in Chinese clothes tionnaire as to what books had and living in a Nanking mud hut helped most to solve our young

people's religious problems. High books have stimulated their love on the list were "The Five Calls" for Christ, a loyalty to their school, and "From the Seen to the Un- and given them a better underseen." In another questionnaire, standing of their missionary teachsent out recently in the interests ers? of religious education, students Our Woman's Department of the were asked for the names of their Christian Literature Society ocfavorite books. The boys seemed to cupies two communicating rooms, have gotten their mental entertain- containing four desks for Chinese ment largely from Chinese classics ~ oung ladies and two for the grave Chinese pundits whose duty is to improve the literary style of our feminine aspirants for fame. A fine organ is in one corner of the room and some one is harmonizing a folk song for next month's Nu To Pao. Its tones have driven Miss Pyle for sanctuary to the valuable library on the second floor where she works with two Chinese girls on "Laddie" and "Dr. Orchard's Prayers." Miss Pan is busily en- gaged in collecting native melodies which she is converting into hy- giene songs. She is a graduate of McTyeire School, and is proficient in music, but can also make nimble fingers fly over the keys of a type- writer, and is an adept at dressing pretty stories in Chinese clothes.

Her last achievement in that line is Margaret Deland's "Katie," but A FORMER SLAVE GIRL-MARY LIU in the Chinese version the story does not become tragic. Our Chiand other non-Christian sources, nese young women insist on happy and the latest books of Russian endings, and so the snobbish northought. But the girls reported mal school graduate in China their favorite books as "Little repents, and cherishes her char- Women," "Romola," "Quo Vadis," woman mother. "Lovey Mary," "Little Lord Faunt- The wise ' looking young lady leroy," "The Wide, Wide World" working on an editorial "The Strugand other stories. It has been gle for the Life of Others" is noticed that, while many of our Kwangfang Lee. She was graduboys remained faithful to their ated from Gin-Ling College and Christian teachings during the earned her M.A. at Boston Univerpresent unrest in China, neverthe- sity. Miss Shen, Mrs. McGilless our girls have shown greater livray's faithful helper, sits in the loyalty to their Christian faith and sunlight, reading proofs of this missionary teachers. May it not month's Happy Childhood, while be that these simple wholesome Mrs. McGillivray in her own

WOMEN AND CHILDREN LAST

home, not very far away, super- and condense, until finally a fair intends some Chinese artist in copy is ready for the printer. making illustrations, or adapts her Mary seldom corrects, and never latest book iJl.to Chinese. rewrites her work. She will write a thousand characters in an hour's Perhaps the most interesting girl time, ready for press, without of all is Mary Liu. When a five- alteration. One of the compensayear-old slave girl, through the tions for her mutilation is the fact cruelty of her owner, she lost both that she has learned to conserve hands and feet and was given to and concentrate every faculty. She missionaries. Provided with arti- has already put two books into ficiallegs she learned to walk when Chinese, and her one draft needed she was six years old. Fortunately practically no revision by the old she retained one tiny thumb joint pundit who so freely corrects the and with this she has learned to literary style of our other young sew, to write, to cut out her own ladies. clothes with scissors held between the two wrists, and even to thread Fourteen years ago when she a needle. Being very fastidious she was seven years old, Mary wrote washes her own clothes with those poor calloused wrist' stumps. She her first letter to a missionary writes and draws beautifully and teacher, in which she announced has just been graduated from Gin- her intention of becoming the Ling College where she received a editor of the Nu To Pao, and now unique graduating gift-a new pair her childish ambition seems likely of artificial legs. The handicaps to be gratified. A poem written by under which she has labored have Sidney Lanier about a hero who developed unusual powers of con- harnessed a wolf and made him centration. In the Christian Lit- plow has greatly influenced Mary's ~rature Society the rest of us life. She too has bravely conquered rarely translate more than a thou- the wolf that ravaged her; has sand characters a day. It takes us until five o'clock in the afternoon harnessed him, and is now joyousto make our first draft, to revise ly driving him to till a beautiful field belonging to the Kingdom of God.

I NEW ClIINA FOR OLD ~~ N THE long past China has often had intercourse with outside peoples and religions. Her response, to whatever influences came therewith, was to assimilate them. The assimilation of Buddhism is perhaps the readiest illustration of this earlier and long-enduring motive.

"Today China is doing something different and for the first time in her history she is consciously trying to readjust herself to outside peoples. When a people get a new motive they become new. Most of what China is now doing by way of reconstruction is not due to external pressure, but to a desire to readjust herself. She is becoming conscious of her own potentialities and is trying to rebuild her own integrity in terms of her own wishes."-The Congregationalist.

AND SOCIAL CONDITIONS IN

BY DAISY GRIGGS PHILIPS, Cairo, Egypt* .MissiOHat"y of the United Pr('~b"tcrian Church oj the U. S. A.

ATANGLED network of super- Moslem lands and (2) because the stition, belief and practice wives of the great Moslem working holds Moslem womanhood in world have always been free in all its thrall. Albeit Moslem women, lands to go unveiled and to take like many of the fair sex in western their part alongside their husbands lands, quite enjoy the sense of be- in the common struggle to gain a ing caught in the meshes of custom. livelihood. Not infrequently wom- It must be borne in mind therefore en of strong mental caliber are met that customs which to the West- with in the villages who practical- erner are often revolting and which ly rule the clan.

we feel have been forced upon de- The system of seclusion here in fenceless Moslem women are not Egypt has been supposed to mili- only frequently hugely enjoyed but tate against girls going astray and clung to tenaciously by the women when I mentioned this recently to of the East. a high class Moslem girl who was The first social custom affecting educated in France, she said, "We women which forces itself upon do not want any such imposed the Westerner, is the seclusion of morality. We want girls to be pure women-although in Egypt there because they know it is right and has been such a marked change in because they have the power within the last three or four years that themselves to resist evil. Nor do one sees scores of veiled women on we want the veil even if it is pretty the streets, some of the large shops and becoming and modish. We do being frequented by hundreds of not want the veil because it stands them. The fact remains that the for the inferiority of women."

thousands are still secluded. In his The practice of secluding women book "La Condition de la Femme has had its effect upon every de- dans la Tradition et I 'Evolution partment of women's life, resulting de L 'Islamisme," Dr. Mansoor even in her exclusion from the Fahmy points out that the Koran Mosque. Dr. Mansoor Fahmy, him- deals chiefly with the seclusion of self a Moslem, says that, in spite the wives of Mohammed, following of the fact that the two sexes were a suggestion of his friend, Omar. equal before the temptation (in The order was made to inclUde the Eden) of Adam and Eve, the God wives of believers to the extent of the Koran has stamped women that they were to veil themselves with inferiority. Besides this, he when they went out, thus rendering adds, conquests, slavery, classes, themselves less liable to insult polygamy and tyrannical govern- from men. Dr. Mansoor Fahmy ment have all played a role in the fails to find the Koranic decree decadence of women. In his con- binding for two reasons, (1) be- clusion he points out the opinions cause it has never applied to all of the woman question of authors "We <leel'l~' 1'egret to BUY that word hnB highly esteemed in the Moslem ~~~~o.recs~~e~u~ ';~~u~~~t~o?Jm~:B'E~~~~~~ ill world. One, a Persian, advised men 908 to be vigilant in preserving friend- the moment of great difficulty ship and friends for he said, rather than to allow the beast to "Friends are not like women become unruly and then himself (wives), whom one can repudiate be forced to escape in an undigniat will." Another, Djahis by name, fied manner. This philosophy a classic writer and philosopher, drives Gazali to lay down the most said, "The superiority of man over tyrannical injunctions for the sewoman is striking and one that is clusion of woman, according to marked in everything. Woman which she must be shut in the should not turn herself aside from house, never climb to the roof nor her own function, her mission is let herself be seen, nor chat with to be a mother and to be a wife." her neighbors but always watch over her husband and his interests Gazali, the mystic, who accord- whether he be present or absent. ing to Dr. Mansoor Fahmy, was in- THE nOME OF A YOUNG EGYPTIAN PEA~ANT GIRL fluenced by Christian mysticism, This is enough from classic audenounced marriage on economical thorities to give us the point of and mystical grounds. To burden view of the orthodox Moslem reoneself with a costly charge is to garding the seclusion of women. assume a weight one would better There is another power, however, not carry. This mystical reason of in the life of the Moslem women, Gazali's (of St. Paul's argument) which has even more weight than that the care of the family can be- classic writings, including the come an absorbing occupation for Koran, and that is tradition folthe heart, leads him to the most lowed by its long train of superextreme conclusions, i. e., that only stitions which affect the whole life idiots are capable of love, and that from the cradle to the grave. love is only a stupid mania whose There are Moslem "books of mediforce one would do far better to cine" which give rise to many break in the beginning as one superstitious practices, some of seizes an animal by the reins at which are revolting, though it

should be said that these practices out and its blood allowed to flow are found chiefly among the peas- into a huge flat basin in which a ant women. Perhaps the most chair had been placed for the common of these practices are con- patient. An attendant bathed her nected with childbirth. Here is a limbs and body with the warm very common superstition which blood without undressing the pa- was told to me by some of my Mos- tient, who in this case was not really lem friends in a village of upper demon possessed but only slightly Egypt. It was given to me in all indisposed and a bit "queer." This sincerity and desire to help me be- woman and her friends were all cause I have only one child. The in comfortable circumstances and belief is that women friends call- could have seen a doctor, perhaps ing upon a mother with a new born had, but here they were at this babe must not wear gold jewelry, performance because they "loved especially the style so common here darkness rather than light."

made of gold coins, because if the The following story is told by a mother sees such jewelry while her missionary in Ismailia: babe is less than a month old she "When a woman becomes ill, she will not have another child. If a has recourse to the doctors whose friend sh0uld be so careless as to medicine may cure her. If a cure forget to remove her gold adorn- is not effected and she has head- ments before calling, the antidote aches, dyspepsia, nervous attacks is for the mother to obtain the gold etc., she will likely send to a or a piece of the same type and sheikha to find out through her value, immerse it in a glass of Nile wisdom what ails her. The Sheikha water brought either by an old gets a handkerchief which the woman or a young girl, and then woman has worn, and wraps in it drink it slowly before sunset, after a twenty piastres piece 4s-one which the evil charm will be dollar, and sleeps with it under broken. her pillow. In the morning she Another practice is the Zar or keeps the coin and returns the ker- the rite of placating demons. I chief saying that in her dreams she saw one of these performances in has seen that a powerful prince of Tanta and my chief impression of the a/rit (evil spirit or demon, it was that the women who were plural a/arit) is in love with the of the middle class enjoyed it woman, but that she has not paid hugely. The friends of the indis- proper attention to this lover who posed woman gathered until the is therefore angry with her, and house was well filled. The per- has sent the illness to chastise her formance consisted of tambourine until she repents and gives him his music and chanting by a band of dues. What is the woman to do to professional women singers, the propitiate the spirit? (Some are eating of rather elaborate cakes Christian, some heathen, some good and sweets for refreshments and Moslems among these demons, a finally the riding of a sheep very favorite one being the Magh- through the rooms and later its raby). She must have a Zar.

sacrifice in a room closed to the "According to the wealth of the public. All who wished to see the woman is the duration and elabora- victim could do so later. The jugu- tion of the Zar. If she is poor it lar vein of the animal had been cut may last only one night and a fowl

WOMEN AND SOCIAL CONDITIONS IN EGYPT

be killed, but if she is wealthy it demand is for the head net of the may last as long as a week and a Sudan as a scarf to cover the face. full grown sheep be the sacrifice. Th.e woman may have been told In any case the Sheikha arranges beforehand the particular color for women to come who know the which her a/rit likes and in that various tunes affecting the dif- case, at the Zar her dress must be ferent evil spirits. Many women of that color. besides the sick one will gather, especially those who say they have After the Zar, if the a/rit has an afrit lover and as it is only the been pleased with her, the illness beautiful and witty whom the de- will depart, if not, she must give mons desire, every woman wishes another more elaborate performto have such a lover. Some have ance or attend others, paying all many. As each woman hears the the attention she can to the a/rit, tune belonging to her own particu- then eventually when she has done lar a/rit, she gets up and begins all he demands of her, she will rethe danse du ventre as practiced cover. A converted Moslem of by the prostitutes, covering her prominence told me recently that his mother had spent more on Zars face at the same time from the than on the education of her large gaze of all hut the lover for whose benefit it is being performed. She family. * goes on as long as the same tune continues. If she falls exhausted, Besides these superstitious pracother women will revive her and tices there are numerous customs to which women are in bondage in support her while she goes on Islam, such as those of child mar- riage and the consequent lack of again. After a while the tune will leisure for education. Another cuschange to that belonging to another tom which causes Moslem women a/rit and those who claim this one untold sorrow is the practice of as their lover will take their turn, divorce at the merest whim of the while the others rest. So it goes husband, and the taking away of on, with short intervals, until the her children. The divorced wife final sacrifice. If this is a sheep, of the Sheikh who was my friend, told me her story in bitterness of the woman for whom the Zar is heart not so much because a rival given rides round the room on it, then its throat is cut and she be- *SimUar Zat'8, I am told, are beld, but dabbles herself in the blood, while secretly, by men to propitiate female aja.rit some is sprinkled on all those and in a settlement of descendants of freed around and in the house itself. slaves near lsmailia, I have beard there are The same is done if a fowl is sacri- regular Zars in which both men and women ficed, except the riding on it. While take part together, the object of which I have dancing, or at this stage, the woIp- lIot clearly discovered. It does not appear to an may fall into an ecstasy and be open license. whatever she demands of clothes or jewelry, while in this state, must The e:IIect of these Zars on the character of be given her, as it is the a/rit who the persons concerned is very noticeable. demands them for her to make her They often become morose, irritable and more attractive to him. The silver mentally dull, while in the actual attack of rings worn by so many women and demon possession, to which all are liable, girls with colored glass in them, there is a change varying from mere anger are much sought and a frequent to absolute change of personality. I have known girls who were well known among the neighbors to be possessed by four or seven demons; they would attend any Zar and dance when- ever the tune of anyone of their special afMit was heard.

The hold of the Zar on the woman is not, I think, religious. It seems to be either a relic of primitive animism or an 11IllPOrtation from the pagan tribes of the Sudan, probably brought by slaves. The fact that the musicians are generally Sudanese, as well as the Sheik· bas, who really ha.ve 8. la.rge mesmeric power, would seem to support this idea. D. G. P.

r eigned in her place only a stone's of wealth who is in advance of her throwaway, but because her three time. Madame Sharawie meets young sons were cared for by the much opposition, especially from rival and were allowed by the father only to visit their mother. women. Under the care of this movement is a school where weav- Dark as these superstitions are, ing and home'economics are taught. it is gratifying that a small number of women who have been grop- The program of the Feminist ing their way are now coming Movement translated briefly is as A HIGH CLASS EGYPTIAN WOMAN AND follows: SERVANT IN CAIRO 1. To raise the intellectual and moral courageously to the front in their condition of woman that she may realize efforts to defy customs which so her political and social equality with mar their lives and hinder their men. progress. 2, To demand free acCESS to higher There area number of societies schools for all girls desirous of instrucof Moslem women recently sprung t i o n. up, among the most important being Fa,tat Misr el Fata, (The 3. To reform customs relative .to mar- Young Womanhood of Young riage to t he end of permitting both Egypt) and the Feminist Move- parties to become acquainted before bement, the latter headed by Madame coming engaged. Huda Sharawie, a cultured woman 4. To reform certain customs and laws to preserve woma n from the in- justice which the practice of bigamy and repudiation often cause her.

5. To promulgate a law fixing the mar- riageable age at 16.

6. To carryon active propaganda in favor of public hygiene.

7. To encourage virtue and combat vice.

8. To combat superstitions and cus- toms which do not accord with reason.

9. To propagate the ideas of the society through the voice of the press.

It must be born in mind that as yet there is no feminist movement in Egypt such as there is in many a Western country. All of these women's movements have only reached the initial stage, that is, a few individual women have at- tained a sufficient degree of cul- ture and freedom to enable them to believe in the ultimate cause and triumph of their own cause. These few women speak and write and labor incessantly with their own circle of friends, and little by little the impression that they are mak- ing is deepening. Within the last six or seven years they have been able with the help of their advanced and enlightened brothers to pro- mote the cause of education among women. Sixteen years ago there were only two Government schools

192!l] WOMEN AND SOCIAL CONDITIONS IN EGYPT

for girls in all Egypt. Now all of have come into being. These deal the large cities have several well with all questions of interest to equipped and fully staffed Govern- women and they are usually edited ment schools. Besides these each by women, chiefly in Arabic but provincial capital as well as every sometimes in French. The printed town of any importance, has its page in Egypt carries with it a well organized school for girls. tremendous amount of authority Some years ago it would have been and although the total number of impossible to find girls enough to women who can read and write is fill these schools, much less could proportionately extremely low teachers have been found to staff (Moslems .006 per cent, Copts .98 the schools. As yet there has not per cent, Protestants .232 per been much progress in securing cent), yet these women read to free access to professional schools others or discuss with others the for young women, but at the things which they have read.

present time they are admitted to It was my privilege to attend a the School of Medicine for train- meeting of the Feminist Movement ing in nursing and midwifery. which was addressed by a woman A quiet persistent education of from India. There were nearly a the general, public is going on, hundred women in attendance and which tends to permit young people the address which was given in to meet each other and become ac- English was translated into French quainted before marriage. This of and the response was made in course gives to young women much fluent French. It was indeed in- more choice in regard to marriage spiring to see a few Moslem women than formerly, when everything with so many advanced ideas in was arranged by relatives who their heads, but one is constantly were supposed to know much better saddened by the reflection that than the young people themselves without Christ there is no stability what sort of a partner they re- to this progress. Already one quired in life. Already a law has hears of suspicion and jealousy been passed fixing the marriage- among them and already Christian able age at sixteen for girls and women who have thrown in their eighteen for boys. lot with the Moslem women in seek- Probably the hardest task that ing social and political reforms these new women of Egypt have have been given to understand that set themselves is that of combating they need expect no place of leader- superstitions and customs which ship in a distinctly Moslem land.

do not accord with reason. This Without doubt Christian mis- will mean the destroying of much sions have had much to do in of the great web of Islamic life. taking the lead and setting the ex- We all understand the hold which ample in these social reform move- superstitions and customs have ments among the women of the upon the human race but few of us Orient. Many of the leaders in realize the strength of their hold Egypt have themselves been in and the terror exercised by them mission schools, and now their in many parts of the non-Christian daughters and nieces are getting world. their ideals for social service from Within the last few years a the same source. Christian mis- great many women's magazines sions are calling attention to the 2

high place that woman should oc- the community in which she lives. cupy and the influence that she Various missions in Egypt have should have in the whole com- established centers for child welmunity. Christian missions are al- fare and the training of mothers in so setting a higher standard of the care of their children. All of living. In some cases young men these efforts make a definite contrieven complain that mission-edu- bution toward the sum-total of cated girls demand better houses progress among the women of and better conditions than those of Egypt.

THE IMPORTANCE OF MISSIONS TO AFRICA* BY DR. FREDERICK P. KEPPEL President Of the Oarncgie Oorporation I HAD entirely underestimated the importance of Christian mis- sions as a factor in the development of peoples of low cultural level. In British Africa the work of the missions in the fields of elementary and higher education, of public health and hygiene, and in what may be called rural sociology, seems to be outstanding. Nor had I any conception as to the degree to which government pays directly or indirectly for such service, specifically in salaries, but in many other ways as well. The total must represent an item of major importance in mission budgets, and I question whether the supporters of missions at home appreciate either the amount involved or the responsibilities which its acceptance implies.

My impressions may be summarized as follows: first and foremost is the earnestness and devotion of the individual missionary. I do not recall a single incident of service which I could call perfunctory. Secondly, I would place the high quality of results obtained in view of the limitations existing.

All things considered, the work in the education of children and in health service is surprisingly good. The most significant step taken in this field has been the establishment of training schools for native supervisors. These are known as Jeanes schools, and are in effect a contribution from the experience of the United States in dealing with the Negro to the problems presented by the native Africans. Training of these native supervisors is based on a broad conception of community preparation for the life which the native will actually have to lead, rather than reliance, as has so often been the case, upon educational material and educational technique which have proved more or less satisfactory under whol1y different conditions. The program of the Jeanes school concentrates its attention upon the elements of agriculture, including marketing, home economics, hygiene and sanitation, the elements of construction and the practice of native arts and crafts.

"'Extracts from The InternutiQ'Ylal Review a! Missions (October, 1929). Dr. Keppel has recently visited the following parts of British Africa: Kenya, Uganda, Tanganyika, Southern Rhodesia and the Union of South Africa.

A GI,IMPSE OF NATIVE LIFE IN

ABYSSINIA AN EMERGING EMPIRE BY DR. H. A. KELSEY, New Concord, Ohio Tticc-Prl38ident 0/ ![uskingum Oolleue T o SUDDENDLY come into children have lived almost beyond touch with an empire of 12,- the notice of other men? That is 000,000 people, which claims the claim of present day Abys- Jewish origin and nearly two sinia, ancient Ethiopia. thousand years of Christian tra- There have been a few political dition, is disconcerting. Can it be contacts and a few "ferengies" possible that a nation of Solomon's from almost everywhere have 915

wandered in and out, but that is proud and self-reliant. Their all. Abyssinia is one of the most dress is primitive, what there is of isolated countries in the world. it; their homes small and uninvit- ing huts, and they have what we This isolation is not destined to would call a hard life, but they are continue. Abyssinia is awakening. a happy folk. Those who find any Many recent books by well-known opportunity are eager to learn, not world travelers and students of only from books, but especially natural history are creating a new concerning the great world outside. and rapidly widening interest in this hermit land. Her natural re- Social relationships are natursources are attracting attention. ally those which grow out of ages As usual a few intrepid mission- of primitive feudalism. Slaves are aries have plowed into her interior and have stirred her life from the common and their lives often bithumble slave to her lofty monarch. ingly severe, although they are not Nearly one hundred of her ambi- bought and sold openly. The tious youth are studying in nearly American word scarcely applies. two score colleges in half as many They are simply in service to their different nations of the world,hav- overlords who for lack of a better ing been 'sent out by their far-see- term they call "Big Men." It is a ing ruler, and they are compelling most colorful and interesting picthe world at large to notice this ture to see one of them out on the ancient home of Sheba's queen. highway, dressed in his clean shamma and over it the black The people of Abyssinia are woo len cloak emblematically black and primitive and some of adorned with the high horn over them border on savagery. Their the right shoulder, stately erect industries are almost entirely de- upon his white mule with his loyal voted to agriculture and stock and obedient retinue surrounding raising with methods as old as him. Walking close as they do and at attention, the man is well protime. Their educational system is tected. Some of them are armed lacking, except for a few promis- (albeit the guns are sadly out of ing mission schools, and one re- date); some are carrying burcently established at Addis Ababa dens;' some are attending the mule by King Tafari Makonen. Parts to prevent disaster if perchance of the territory are so hot and they should meet a honking Ford, sandy and dry that one feels they and all bearing mute testimony to are spawn of Sahara, and her the greatness of their master. This great lava beds speak of vast and custom is nation wide, reaching desolating volcanoes. In other re- from the lowliest plantation owner gions the towering mountains with up through the more influential almost perpendicular escarpments, business men and politicians and dropping for hundreds of feet, the various dejesmatches and crags and canons and monster rasses who govern the provinces rocks, create a feeling which James to his imperial highness, Tafari E. Baum, of the Field Museum, de- Makonen. scribes as "God-awful." It is a land of great possibility Abyssinian people are illiterate, from the standpoint of agriculture but they are also intelligent and and mineralogy. Great regions of courteous and ambitious. Mild in fertile soil stretch out to the north tone and quiet in manner, but

ABYSSINIA AN EMERGING EMPIRE

and west of the capital watered by wild life for the Field Museum at abundant rain and favored with Chicago. An endless number of an almost tropical climate, and mining experts are besieging the drained by long, winding, beauti- present king for concessions in the ful rivers. Almost anything will hope of amassing immense wealth grow in Abyssinia. Nor is it sur- from the various ores which they prising that the fauna of this emphatically declare (in private) great empire is attracting the nim- are stored in these towering mounrods of earth these days. A party tains. Hence Abyssinia is becomunder Dr. Wm. H. Osgood visited ing "infested" with white men. Abyssinia and returned with a The day when certain subtle peomost interesting display of all this ples hoped to swallow this nation DR. KELSEY A'l' 'l'HE ENTRANCE TO 'l'HE lIIISSION HOSPITAL IN ADDIS ABABA Entrance Tafari Makonen Hospital. Addis Ababa Abyssinia. This Hospital was erected by Dr.

Thos. Lambib. n U. P. Missionary to Abyssinia with mouey furnished by the late W. S. George, pottery manufacturer of East Palestine, Ohio. Dr. Kelsey in the foreground.

up without making a ripple on the Some American diplomats might political sea is past, and there is a well sit at his feet and learn. reason. Burdened with countless details There is great internal anima- which most rulers might easily tion. The empire is coming to life. delegate to others and undertaking There is a new realization of her a program far in advance of the resources and strength. The chief vision of his countrymen, yet he source of her new life is her reign- has plenty of time and endless ing king, Tafari Makonen, a young patience. At the first approach he dynamo. .He works very quietly, seems weary and burdened, but but is starting wheels to spin, the flash of his eye and his quick turning on the lights of education response at once indicate that he is awake and alert. A WELL DRESSED MATRON IN A HIGH CLASS ABYSSINIAN HO:-'lE His reception hall and dining room, splendid but not gorgeous, and religion, calling attention to have welcomed men and women the nation's vast wealth and en- from the courts of all the civilized couraging his people to help him nations and these doors have been utilize it. Perhaps if all mon- likewise open to hundreds from archies could be ruled by such the humble walks of life. Among kings, there would be more mon- his friends Americans are cordialarchies. This young ruler is indeed ly received and not all who have a royal host. Although his life has enjoyed his hospitality have carbeen spent in "darkest Africa," his ried government commissions. Nor whole attitude and generous hos- have they all represented great popitality reveals the heart of a litical or commercial power. The gentleman. Beset with much sel- quiet missionary; the teacher of fish intrigue and a network of in- his "boys" overseas: the ambitious ternational complications, he deals engineer. and the humble artisan thoughtfully and kindly with all. have all been warmed by his gentle hospitality and they have found a ready listener to any message they have brought.

His greatest interest is reserved for those who seek to help him build an educational system and awaken the life of the ancient Cop- tic church to a real service for all Abyssinia. Ethiopia is emerging into something very different from the life it has known for 3,000 years, and no young man in the world needs more the prayers and encouragement 0 f Christians everywhere than this real friend of youth and life-the recently crowned King of ancient Ethiopia. His key position and his genuine Christian ideals mean much to the modern world.

WE FOLLOW THE APOSTOLIC WAY?

BY HOWARD A. BANKS Editor of ((Chri-st Life"

PAUL preached the Gospel in there some years ago and went to Asia and EUrope, and passed London to undertake the task of on, leaving a native church, be- telling the Christian world how he hind him in the cities he visited. believes the globe can be evangel- ized in a generation if Pauline Sometimes he revisited and en- methods are employed. couraged that native church, but he left the responsibility on the For eight years the World Doshoulders of the local elders. minion Press of London has sought to keep the Christian world posted Twenty-eight years ago John R. with up-to-date information about Mott issued his challenge in his the unreached fields, cooperating "Evangelization of the World in with aU mission enterprise, in This Generation." It thrilled the order to secure this information, Church like a blast from Roland's and to inspire men and women to horn to his battle hosts. He go out into these Gospel-needy showed in several chapters the pos- areas in the Pauline, New Testasibility of it in view of the achieve- ment way. ments of the first generation of Christians; in view of some mod- Old Missions Dig In Too Deep ern missionary achievements; in view of the opportunities, facili- "The majority of the already ties and resources of the Church, existing missions," says Dr. Coch- and the burning conviction of lead- rane, "are doing an intensive work.

ers of the Church that it could be In their beginnings they had a done. That book was published in vision no doubt that reached over 1901. If a generation is about vast spaces, but after getting thirty-three years, then that gen- established they become more or eration ends in 1934. So but five less localized. They are doing this years remain to finish the task! intensive work around their sta- How nearly is it completed? tion or compound. There is no end Vast areas with millions of pop- to its intensiveness. You know ulation in Tibet, Afghanistan, you can do a vast deal for one man Central Africa, Amazonia, Central -for a comparatively few. They Europe, Western Asia, India, New have built pretentious and expen- Guinea and many smaller islands si;ve buildings oftentimes, and have of the sea remain untouched. been gradually led on to consider A volume could be written to that they are limited as to the area show why the work is still unfin- they can evangelize. They have ished. Can it be done· within dug in."

another generation from now? World evangelizers need to get Dr. Thomas Cochrane, a Scotch- away from the long followed plan man who labored for 22 years in of curtailing the work, even recaII- North China with the rich blessing ing missionaries, because the home of God upon his work, resigned board gets in debt, or of sending from his medical mission work out an extra missionary or two on 919

a little spurt if there has been an Jew and Greek and Barbarian unusually generous year back alike."

home. A fuller use of the native 3. A new era is dawning upon church will help vastly to solve the the world. There are new inven- problem of advance and of giving tions. Men are thinking new millions more the opportunity of thoughts and following new meth- learning that they have a Saviour ods. If we would properly per- who died for them. form our task, we must follow the Continents or great national methods of St. Paul. "The oldest areas need to be studied as a whole missions are the most expensive,"

by every mission at work on them, declares Dr. Cochrane, "and mis- and the evangelization coordinated sionary enterprise is tending to be- in a better cooperation. Mission come more and more expensive in work has gone on in too haphazard operation. The London Mission- a way in this regard. The parcel- ary Society in which I served for ing out of the mission fields among years has arranged to transfer one the various boards has not proved of its missions after one hundred as advantageous as hoped, and in years to a neighboring missionary some instances jealousy of this society, in order to cut down ex- possession has led missions who pense. It suggests a sort of mer- actually could not do the work chandise transaction, and grieves from allowing others to go in who me."

could. 4. An "indigenous church" is a Some of the foundation princi- vital necessity. "This transfer is ples of this plan are emphasized a result of not having established by Dr. Cochrane: and cultivated an indigenous 1. The Christian Church has church. This is a phrase coming never tapped the resources of an more and more into use in mission- omnipotent God. The principle of ary reports and writings. That is atomic energy needs to be applied partly because of the interest our by the Church in a spiritual sense. little group has created and circu- With an omnipotent God the im- lated in its literature. It is dis- possible is possible-even the evan- appointing how few can define gelization of the world in a gen- what an "indigenous church" is.

eration. But this power cometh A Splendid Example not save by prayer and fasting.

2. In the Kingdom of God there "Without a live indigenous is no nationality. "I was standing church the task of world evangel- on a hilltop in China once," says ization is impossible. When we Dr. Cochrane, "having an interview speak of the untouched fields we with a leading Chinese Christian. think of Tibet, Afghanistan, Cen- As the setting sun made a golden tral Africa, and the South Amer- path of glory in the sky, we talked ican Indians, perhaps, but we have of spiritual things. I forgot that little conception of the vast un- he was Chinese and he that I was reached masses surrounding most a Scotchman. Bare soul touched of the long established mission bare soul. In Christ there is work in all foreign fields. In neither Jew nor Greek. In the Japan the rural regions are prac- little time there is left to me to tically untouched. One Christian work I desire to pay my debt to to nine or ten million is still un-

SHALL WE FOLLOW THE APOSTOLIC WAY?

evangelized. In Korea, China, 7. Many have made the mistake Russia, Asia, the progress of mis- of building great colleges, often at sions is slow as compared with the huge expense, to offer a finished growth of the population. Only a culture to the native converts.

corner of Mongolia is touched. A When we have created an indige- whole generation has passed since nous church, the Godly native Gilmour went in, labored and died. Christians themselves have trained Unless we speed up, the Russian their children in Christian homes, Red may make the work impos- and these children have become sible. leaders in evangelizing their com- "India has 40,000,000 unreached munities.

population with all its missions, "If we can persuade others to Indo-China 18,000,000. We have get this vision and cooperate, we been singing for ages about Cey- believe we can see the world evan- lon's spicy breezes, and as we sing gelized in this generation. A we do not realize there are a mil- young native convert on a field we lion or more without the Gospel in are in touch with, complained re- that island. gretfully that he could only deal "Missionaries are going to with four or five hundred people places easy of access. Arabia and in six months! If every native North Africa are the keystone of evangelist would do that much, Islam, and they are hard fields. vast progress would be made. Op- North and Central Africa is 90 per portunity is slipping away. A cent Islamic." large village in Africa not long ago 5. The missionary societies have asked for a Christian teacher.

been thinking in terms of needs- None was available, and in a year not need. The missionary purpose that village was entirely Moham- is singlar, not plural. We think medan.

of the medical need, the educa- "Our idea is to have a capital tional need, and the like. But there fund, the interest tc be used in se- is only one need-lost souls. If we curing and disseminating infor- can meet the one fundamental mation, and keeping it up-to-date, need, all subordinate needs will be and to aid as far as possible, those met. who will adopt our methods, Paul's 6. Material resources are not methods-not the static method absolutely essential to an indige- nor the stipendiary system. The nous church. Missionary advance more largely we can interest God's work has all too much been de- people to put up the money, the pendent on the amount of money more we can accomplish. All the home church has annually been these plans and resources are of able to send out. But the impor- course useless apart from the help tant thing is spontaneous expan- of the Spirit of God."

sion. A wonderful change comes A man in sympathy with this into the life when a man or woman Apostolic method went to a mission is really converted. He or she has in China, and refused to look at the got a tremendous secret of life and fine school buildings and the neat hope which must be poured out church. He amazed the missionary into the first willing ear. That group by saying, "I only want to was the way the early church ex- see your unfinished task as shown panded. in the unreached multitudes."

MISSIONARIES IN BORNEO*

BY REV. R. A. JAFFRAY, Wuchow, China O VER a year ago, pressed in Christians may worship and there spirit for the lost in the had been a Chinese Church, but it South Sea Islands, the writer had sickened and died three years set forth to visit some of the un- previous. There seemed to be no reached parts of the vast mission aggressive witness of the Gospel in field of the Dutch East Indies. Re- this great cosmopolitan centre.

turning after two months travel- Thank God a Chinese pastor, S. W.

ling, four cities were especially Chue, has been laboring in Makas- laid on his heart. Night and day sar since July, 1928.

the words "Samarinda," "Balik- In Surabaya, the great com- papan," "Makassar," and "Sura- mercial centre of Eastern Java, baya" sounded in his ears. The called by the Chinese Sz-shui (Four darkness of those four places is Waters) , there is considerable probably in the order in which Christian Christian work and we they are named here, and we de- were pleased to meet a company of termined by the grace of God to earnest Cantonese Christians, but do our utmost to bring the Gospel they were a little flock of sheep Light to those who sit in "dark· without a shepherd. They had no ness and in the shadow of death." Chinese leader or preacher and Samarinda and Balik-papan, are pled with me to send them a located on the east coast of Borneo. Chinese worker from China. An- Here darkness reigned. There was other of our Wuchow Bible School no witness for Christ in either of graduates, Mr. T. H. Loh, has been these cities or any of the surround- called to this church and is now doing and neighboring cities on the ing excellent work in Surabaya.

east coast of Borneo. The doctrine Thus, to sum up what the Lord of "the false prophet," Moham- has done in the past twelve months med, and heathenism abounded. for these four cities: First, a suit- We sent forth the challenging call able Chinese preacher has been a year ago-"Who will open a found for Surabaya; Second, Pas- Gospel Hall for the Lord Jesus in tor S. W. Chue has reopened the Samarinda and Balik-papan?" The work in Makassar and has gathered call has been answered first by a little company of Chinese Chris- Chinese evangelists, who, thank tians around him; Third, Mr. C.

God, are now located there as the Y. Lam, with his family, are first missionaries of the Cross of located at Samarinda; and fourth, Christ. we hope that Mr. K. L. Lin will In Makassar, the capital of the take up the work at Balik-papan.

Celebes, there is a Dutch Protes- So we thank God that these four tant Church, where also Malay "other cities also" are hearing the *A ypar ago t1w "'Tilf'!" made his first trip glad sound of the Gospel. to fhp j)nfl'h J,:<I~t I!lCIi~8. I hnve HOW ]"P- The recent trip to the Dutch ('('ntly returllt'ti from a second trip, made with East Indies had for its first purtla~ Jll1r.])()Sf~ of placing two new Chinese mis- pose the locating of Mr. C. Y. Lam SiOllHl'i{'s on the field. rrhey are located on and Mr. K. L. Lin in their new work. the east coast of Borneo, where Gospel Halls ure- being- oppned in the cities of Samarinda and Balik-papall.-R. A. J.

922 Before leaving Wuchow, a solemn Negotiations for the new chapel dedicatory service was held when being closed, I at once left for a a number of Chinese leaders and trip to the interior. The name of missionary brethren laid their the river motor boat was the hands upon the heads of these two "Dyak" and this name embodied young men in the Name of the the object of our trip to the in- Lord. A farewell service was held terior. Samarinda is situated on in Hongkong, attended by five hun- the Mahakam River about eighty dred Chinese Christians. The meet- miles from the coast. The "Dyak"

ing was in a sense something carried us another 220 miles into unique in the history of our the interior of Borneo to a city Chinese work. It was a real called Long Iram. We will not take Chinese foreign missionary fare- time in this article to describe this well service. Many such meetings trip, but will leave it for a later have been held as Chinese workers article. The entire interior of left for a needy field in their own Borneo up this river is without one country, but probably this was the witness of the Gospel of Christ.

first time that Chinese mission- We passed a score of towns on the aries had been sent forth to a way, inhabited by Malays, Arabs, foreign land as missionaries of the Indians, Chinese and Dyaks. In Cross to bring the Gospel not only each town there was a Moham- to their own people, but with the medan mosque, but no Gospel Hall.

purpose of learning a foreign lan- The Dyaks, the aboriginal tribes- guage and preaching Christ to an- men of the interior of Borneo, other race. The missionary meeting have been crowded from the coast lasted two hours and a half. and even from the banks of the In a most wonderful way the river and have made their dwell- Lord led us to a suitable place to ing away in the interior, in the serve as a chapel the day after we mountains and jungles of Central arrived in Samarinda. We knew Borneo.

only one Chinese Christian in this The trip required one week and city, a Fukienese merchant, whom on returning to Samarinda the last we met last year. He and his of the work on the repairs of the family, especially his mother, who Chapel were about complete. On had at one time been a Bible woman Sunday, the 24th of February, a in Fukien Province, were delighted solemn but joyful service was held when they heard that our Chinese in the new Chapel to dedicate it brethren had really come to stay, to the Lord for service. Mr. C. Y.

and to establish His work in Sama- Lam, his wife and mother, Mr.

rinda. Mr. Chong did all that he K. L. Lin, and two Christians, one could to assist us in our search for from Fukien and one from Canton a suitable place to rent. The place Province, and the writer were to which the Lord directed us was present.

given us at a reasonable figure and Mr. Leland Wang, one of China's is suitable both as a home for the most consecrated Gospel preachers Chinese missionaries and also a and an evangelist who has had a Gospel Hall. It took a week to ministry in the salvation of souls clean the place up, and make cer- all over China, in response to a tain slight repairs. In the mean- clear call left China early in De- time we lived in a Chinese inn. cember for the South Seas. After

three months service for the Lord China, and the Islands of the South in the cities of Cochin-China, Cam- Seas converse together in the combodia, Malaysia, Java, and Celebes, mon Malay tongue. Even Chinese speaking in no less than twenty- from different parts of their own six centres, Brother Wang arrived country find it convenient to speak in Balik-papan, Borneo, on Febru- to one another in Malay. Pray that ary 28th, a place which the writer these two young men may become visited a year ago. During the real Malay scholars and able minthree days' sojourn there, two more isters of the Gospel. Chinese Christians were found and the time was well spent with them. At the farewell meeting in Hong- We tried to arrange a public meet- kong, reference was made to the ing for the Chinese, but the time meaning of the names of these was too short. We were able, how- young men. Mr. Lam's name ever, on Mr. Wang's arrival to Ching-ye means "Witness for gather these few Christians to- Jesus." Mr. Lin's name Kwonggether and exhorted them from the lan means "Coming of Light." Word of God. Mr. Leland Wang is from Fukien and these Chinese It is interesting to note how Christians are from Canton, there- these two young men were called fore he could speak to them, not in to Borneo. One morning in Novemtheir own language, but in English ber, 1928, the writer was heavily which the writer interpreted into burdened for Borneo. Suddenly Cantonese. We urged the four the thought came to me that if Christians of Balik-papan to rent a foreign missionaries are not yet pl~lCe where regular meetings could available why not send Chinese be held and we trust that our new- mlsslOnaries to these "other ly arrived Chinese workers in cities"? At once these two young Samarinda will be aWe to minister men came vividly to mind. At the to them and that ere long a Gospel time one was employed as a Hall will be opened in Balik-papan preacher in a Chinese Church in also. There are 3,000 Chinese in Hongkong and the other was folthis city. lowing a rather ambitious educa- tion course. We could do but one Our two Chinese missionaries thing-commit them to the Lord of are commencing at once in a the Harvest. At once He began to thorough course of study in the work in the hearts and lives of Malay language. This is to be these men and it was not long betheir chief work for the first year fore ·they were set free, not by human manipulation, but by the at least. In the meantime they will, Hand of God. They both made full of course, when formal permission surrender of themselves to Christ from the Dutch Colonial Govern- in laying down all personal ambiment is obtained, commence to tions in view of His call to service preach in their own Cantonese in Borneo. tongue, to the Chinese. A much greater field of usefulness, how- The "wild man" of the interior ever, will open to them as soon as of Borneo and the Celebes still they are able to preach in the Ma- calls, "Come over and help us." lay language. These cities are "the Many of the Islands of the South melting pot" of the Far East, but Seas still wait for the Light of all varieties from India, from the Gospel. Their cry also comes today, "Come over and help us."

SELF-EVANGELIZATION OF

WHAT CAN THE PARIAH CHRISTIANS Do?

BY MRS. W. W. DUFF, Kasur, Panjab " T Mi88i(}nafY oj the Presbyterian Board af Fore'ign MissiQ"ns churches. EN thousand Christians in ing, self-propagating one small district of Kasur! Why this state of affairs?

Then isn't the missionary's For a generation Christian mis- job there about finished? Why sionaries had been assailing the not move out, and let those ten strongholds of Hinduism and Mo- thousand evangelize the others 7" hammedanism in this district, but That is a fair question. It is one only here and there, and a,t long in- that we have been asking ourselves. tervals, had they succeeded in mak- If Jesus could trust the evangeliza- ing even the smallest breach in tion of the world to his handful of those stubborn walls of caste prej- followers, why not leave the Chris- udice. In-bred pride of birth tianization of Kasur district of the rebelled against the doctrine of Panjab to the, ten thousand of His universal brotherhood, and the baptized followers already scat- iron chains of caste and custom tered through her three hundred restrained even those few who villages? Has the missionary be- would have adventured into the come too officious, endeavoring to new religion. They had nothing to steady the ark of God with a nerv- gain, and everything to lose by any ously solicitous hand? Before change, so, in anger or disdain, trying to answer the question, let they shook their heads and turned us take a look at the quality, as well away.

as the quantity of the Christians But always, just skirting the in Kasur. outer edges of those hostile high For the past three years Mr. caste crowds, had been a sprink- Duff and I have known the privi- ling of the despised and outcaste leges and provocations of district serfs, listening too. They had been work in the heart of the "mass- told that God and religion were movement" area of the Panjab. By outside their pale. Their dulled "mass movement" we mean that minds were not expected to grapple singular epidemic of conversions to with theology. But one thing they Christianity which twenty years caught, that for some amazing ago was bringing men, not indi- reason, the missionary treated vidually, but by whole communities them as men. Here was, apparent- at a time, into the new religion. ly, a friend. Perhaps he could and Most of our ten thousand Chris- would do something to help them tians, (which is a larger number, out of their degradation and pov- I believe, than in any other district erty. Perhaps he would use his in the province) were inherited, influence with government to get ready-made, from previous genera- them land of their own, or would tions of missionaries. Yet we find take their part against the oppres- ourselves still struggling to build sion of the land holders. It was an ignorant and inert mass of worth a try, anyhow. They, at least, semi-heathenism into self-support- had nothing to lose, and might 925

gain much by any change, so, get his living from such people, with motives sometimes entirely is taking a step of heroic faith. He worldly, or badly mixed, they be- suffers uncertainty and real priva- gan to come. Timidly at first, by tion. Can we, with comfortable twos and threes they came, suf- incomes from a mission board, ex- fering in the beginning some os- pect an Indian fellow worker to tracism from their own brother- make such sacrifice? And yet, by hoods. Then by whole families, continuing his support, are we not and villages en masse, they clam- pauperizing his church? The di- ored for admission to the Kingdom. lemma is real.

The missiOnary, facing that Second comes the problem of il- eager mob almost single-handed, literacy, coupled with almost total was baffled by the enormity of his indifference to education. The opportunity and his problem. difficulties of church management Looking back after twenty years, in an illiterate group are well illus- it is easy to say that he made a trated by an incident in one of our mistake in letting down the bars village congregations. An elder which normally condition baptism, was to be elected. Nominations and in admitting many who scarce- were numerous. The blue book ly understood what it was all says "elect by ballot," but scarcely about. But in his place, would we three members of the community have found it possible or right to could read or write. Mr. Duff had discourage that dimly-conscious, to resort to the device of having blind groping for something the whole congregation file past higher? To numbers, the adoption him, and whisper in his ear the of Christianity undoubtedly meant name for which each wished to a spiritual re-birth; at least it vote.

brought to all, for the first time, Schools are being established for a taste of self-respect, a hopeful Christians, but the people who looking up, a stirring of deadened have been denied the privileges of ambitions. Was not all that worth education for unnumbered genera- conserving at some price? tions, are slow to see its value, and There was the price, and we are they feel the need of the money paying it now. The present mis- their children could earn out of sionary has fallen heir to a per- school. We visited a school one plexing and discouraging situation morning shortly after 10 A. M. and which has resulted from this leni- were surprised to find, of the thir- ent policy. He faces the task of teen boys enrolled, only two pres- integrating all this unpromising ent, and no teacher in evidence. He material into a vigorous, self-con- had gone, the two boys told us, to scious, expanding, Spirit-moved round up the missing eleven if he church. Can it be done? could. He had to do that sort of In the first place he encounters thing nearly every morning, in the distressing poverty of the order to have any school at all.

people. What hope of a self-sup- A still deeper difficulty lies in porting church among men desti- the low ethical standards among tute of bread enough to satisfy the outcaste people from whom their own hunger? A Christian these Christians come. While evangelist who cuts himself off Hindus and Mohammedans come from mission support, expecting to far enough short of Christian

THE SELF-EVANGELIZATION OF INDIA

standards of honesty and purity, ual awareness, and much engross- in their case, public opinion puts ment in worldly matters. Many of some restraint on unsocial im- the men come to us, not to learn pulses. The outcaste, however, is of God, but hoping to get land. scarcely expected to bother with Sixty-five families in Luliani went morals at all. It is taken for grant- over to the Roman Catholics a few ed that he will steal if he gets a years ago, because they had the chance, and be as promiscuous in idea that the Roman Catholics were sex relations as opportunity offers. going to give them land; when the Such things have scarcely yet be- land failed to materialize, they come a matter of conscience among came back to us a year later. The some of the uninstructed Chris- women interrupt the Scripture lestians. One young woman who was son to ask if we are never going to put forward for baptism, was take these baskets of cow-dung off asked her husband's name. The evangelist (himself of pariah their heads, their badge of servibirth), pointed out a young man in tude. Can we blame them? If the group and said: "That is the wealth and luxury give birth to man she is living with, though she materialism, no less do ugly povis not married to him. But he is a erty and a desperate scramble for Christian, so he wants her to be bread smother the finer instincts one too." of the soul. Is it possible for the new Christian, scarcely removed Mr. Duff turned in some indig- from the pariah, living on a dungnation to the evangelist. "And do heap, spat upon and cursed, houndyou consider such a woman fit for ed by want, to be spiritually church membership? And do you minded? Possible perhaps, but countenance such conduct in a very difficult. Christian man?" Growing out of all these other "Well, you see, it really isn't difficulties is the last hindrance I their fault," explained the evange- shall mention, to the upbuilding of list, placatingly. "They would like a self-propagating Panjabi church, to be married, but she has a hus- and that is the lack of any sense band who refuses to grant her a of responsibility for the Christiandivorce, so what can they do 7" izing of their high caste neighbors; that is considered the job of the Related to their unmoral stand- mission-paid agent, or the missionards, is the materialistic view- ary. It has not occurred to them point of these people. America has that it should be their work. To been hearing much lately, through anyone with insight into caste psy- Stanley Jones and others, of the chology the reason is clear. That spiritual sensitiveness of the In- these despised serfs should suddendian. And true it is that the caste ly assume the role of religious in- Hindu, of whom he speaks, is structors of their masters, is an capable of a personal and mystic idea so preposterous as to be alspirituality, a detached other- together unthinkable. worldliness, which is usually quite unrelated to social ethics, and air- I shall never forget my first ily free from any sense of respon- experience with the problem in sibility for his outcaste neighbors. Kasur district. It had been my But in my experience with outcaste practice each day to visit first the communities, I find little of spirit- Christian section of the village,

and after meeting with the women son of the missionary reaching out there, to make a call or two in the a hand to lift up the untouchables.

non-Christian homes in the more We already see the results of the aristocratic quarter. One day I lesson in the many reform move- conceived the plan of taking some ments springing up among the of the Christian women with me, Hindus and Mohammedans, with and giving them a small share in the purpose of reclaiming the presenting the message, by singing pariah.

a hymn or two. Strange to say, the In the second place, outcaste only opposition I met was not from work, in spite of its discourage- offended high caste hostesses, but ments, has justified itself in the from the timidly reluctant Chris- production here and there of out- tian women. At first it was hard standing Christian leaders, who even to get them to understand have gained prestige even among what I wanted. When asked to lead the highest castes by their up- the way to some non-Christian rightness and ability. There is, home, they took me a few doors too, a gradual raising of the whole to another Christian home. economic level of these people.

When with coaxing and exhort- This is due, in part, to education ing, I got them at last to the door and to the increased independence of a Hindu home, they fled in a of Christian communities fostered panic, when they heard footsteps by their new self-respect. In some approaching. Eventually I led them quarters mission and government into the courtyard. The hostess, have successfully led in certain ag- perhaps for my sake, was gracious ricultural experiments, such as to them, and even asked them to chicken raising and tenant-farm- sit down, but they were too dumb- ing in land newly opened by canals.

founded to do it. Instead, they But best of all, there is growing up lined themselves up in a row in these villages a standard of life against the wall, and refused to called Christian, which is definitely open their mouths. I had to sing higher than the standard that pre- my hymns alone after all. How vails for the outcaste, and in some long will it take even ten thousand respects higher than Hindu and of such Christians to evangelize the Mohammedan ideals.

rest of Kasur? But the missionary's task is not What shall we do about it? Give yet completed. We must Chris- up these outcastes and concentrate tianize the outcaste, grapple with on the higher classes? I think not. great living problems of his pov- In the first place, there could be no erty, his ignorance, his unmorality, more effective method for demon- his unspirituality, and his sense of strating to the high castes the real inferiority. That is a task to chal- meaning of Christianity, than by lenge the faith and courage of man, setting before them this object les- a task impossible without God.

When Gordon Maxwell, a missionary to India, asked a Hindu pundit if he would teach him his language, the Hindu pundit replied, "No, sahib, I will not teach you my language. You would make me a Christian." Gordon Maxwell replied, "You misunderstand me. I simply am asking you if you would teach me your language." The Hindu replied again, "No, sahib, I will not teach you. No man can live with you and not become a Christian."

AUTHOR AND KURDS IN FRONT OF THEIR TYPlf'AI, RFlI,m-WALLl'lD

THE KURDS OF KHORASAN BY REV. DWIGHT M. DONALDSON, Ph.D., D.D., Meshed, Persia / CCORDING to early Persian The fact that Iraq and Khorasan f i geographers and astrologers, are governed by the greatest of the world is divided into the heavenly bodies mentioned seven climates. TltIe word climate would suggest the Magian ori- came into Persian as well as into gin of this divisioI of the climates, English from the Greek, but there for the fourth climate, thus spe- is also an old Persian word, kish- cially honored was their own. And war, which is used in much the the name Khorasan, "the land of same meaning. Each of these seven the sun," the most eastern prov- climates was considered to be par- ince of the old Sassanian empire, ticularly under the influence of one indicates that this astrological divof the planets. Saturn dominates ision of the world is a very ancient over Hindustan, the first climate; one.

China and Khota, which make up The old city of Kuchan lies about the second climate, are ruled by eight miles from the site of the Jupiter; Turkestan, the third c1i- modern town. The old city was mate, is assigned to Mars; the sun known as Khabushan, which in the governs Iraq and Khorasan, the thirteenth century the Mongols fourth climate; Transoxiana, the pronounced Kuchan. It is menfifth climate, is subject to Venus; tioned as early as 1340 A. D. by Greece and the Turkish Empire the Arab geographer Mustawfi as (Rum) make up the sixth climate a "medium sized town of the under Mercury; and the "hyper- Fourth Clime." He relates that it borean regions" are the seventh was reported to have many declimate, which fs under the author- pendencies, and that in the govern- ity of the moon. ment registers the district had the 3 9~

name of Usta (or Ustava), mean- these brethren (as they are seldom ing probably "the Highland." without), he that is overcome, if he be not slaine, flieth to the field Kuchan was destroyed in the with such companie of men as will course of the Mongol invasions, followe him, and there liveth in but was restored by Hulagu Khan, the wildernesse resorting to waterand by his grandson, Arghun ing places, and so robbethand Khan, many additional buildings spoileth as many Caravans 'Of Mar~ were erected. The climate is de- chants and others as they be able scribed as excellent, with abundant to overcome, continuing in this crops of wheat, cotton, grapes and sort of wicked life, until such time fruit. The river Atrak passes as he may get power and aide to Kuchan and flows on to the Dihi- invade s 0 m e of his brethren stan frontier, and thence to the Caspian Sea. "Its length is 120 againe." leagues: it is a very deep river , At Urgence Master Jenkinson and hardly anywhere is it possible was the guest of Ali Sultan, one to ford it. On its banks, for the of the brothers of Azim Khan, and most part, the traveler is never he remarks that his host had but lately "returned from a town free from fear of high'waymen." * called Corasan (which is Meshed, the capital of Khorasan), within It is this 'remark about the high- the borders of Persia, which he had waymen that gives the key to the conquered from the Persians, with study of all this district dUring the whom he and the rest of the kings last six hundred years. The Eng- of Tartaria have continual wars." lish traveler, Master Anthonie Mention is also made of a terrible Jenkinson, who made an adventur- plague that swept this country in ous journey in 1558 from Moscow the year 1558, when more than one to Bokhara, describes the Turko- hundred thousand of the Turkomans whom he encountered in this mans perished.- region. All the land from the Caspian Sea to the city of Urgence, he That in some respects the tribes said, was called the land of the o f Turkomans resembled the Turkoman, and was subject to a American Indians may be seen certain Azim Khan and his five from a further quotation of this brothers. It was not a case of gen- English traveler's description of eral family cooperation, however, the life he found them living in "for everyone will be king in his the sixteenth century. "From the own portion, and one brother seek- Caspian Sea unto the . castle of eth always to' destroy another, Sellizure aforesaid, and all. the having no natural love among countries about the said sea, the them, by reason that they are be- people live without towne or habigotten of divers women, and com- tation in the wilde fields, removing monly they are the children of from one place to another in great shives, either Christians or Gen- companies wit h their cattel, tiles, which the father doeth keep whereof they have great store, as as concubines, and every Can or camels, horses, and sheep, both Sultan hath at least four or five tame and wilde. Their sheep· are wives, besides yong maidens and of great stature and with great boyes, living most viciously: and buttocks, weighing sixty or eighty when there are warres betwixt pour-ds in weight. There are many .yustnwfi. p. 149 and 205.

19291 THE KURDS OF KHORASAN

wilde horses which the Tartars do son, in order to gain opportunity many times kill with their hawkes, to establish his own government in and that in this order. The Persia, Shah 'Abbas 1. ceded sevhawkes are lured to sease upon the eral of his western provinces (Adbeasts neckes or heads, which with harbaijan, Shahrizur, and Lurischafing of themselves and sore tan) to the Turks. Twenty-two beating of the hawkes are tired: years later, however, when he had then the hunter following his game grown more powerful, he recovdoeth slay the horse with his ered most of this territory, and in order to protect his northeast borarrow or sword. In all this land der from the raids of the Turkothere groweth no grasse, but it cer- mans, he transported 15,000 Kurds tain brush or heath, whereon the to the frontier of Khorasan. Colcattel feeding become very fat. onies of Kurds were established at three points,-Bujnurd, Kuchan, "The Tartars never ride with- and Darrah Gaz. They were of out their bow, arrowes, and sword, the Zafaranlu tribe, and the largest although it be on hawking, or at Kurdish settlement was at Kuchan, any other pleasure, and they are under the hereditary rule of one good' archers both on horseback of their own chiefs, who was known as the Ilkhani. and on foote also. These people have not the use of golde, silver, A modern Persian writer, Mirza or any other coyne, but when they Muhammad Taqi Khan (Ganj lacke apparell or other neces- Danish, p. 370), in his account of saries, they barter their cattell for Kuchan, designates it as one of the same. Bread they have none, the chief cities of the Kurdish disfor they neither till nor sow: they trict of Khorasan, with a populabe great devourers of fiesh, which tion of five or six thousand famithey cut in small pieces, and eat lies. He says, however, that most it by ha,ndfuls most greedily, and of these Kurds lived in villages especially the horseflesh. Their outside the city. The geographer chiefest drinke is mares milk Yakut relates that in his day (1225 sowred, as I have said before of A. D.), there were ninety-three the Nagayans, and they wilbe villages that belonged to Kuchan. drunk with the same. They have The whole plain was noted for its no rivers nor places of water in fertility, and beyond, to the east, this countrey, until you come to was the Nisa district, the modern thEdoresaid gulf, distant from the Darrah Gaz, which was the place place of our landing twenty days where for many years the Parthian journey and more. They eat their kings were buried. It is probable meate upon the ground, sitting that the city of Nisa was located with their legs double under them, where we now find the modern and so also when they pray. Art Muhammadabad, which is the or science they have none, but live principal town of Darrah Gaz (Le most idlely, sitting ro.und in great companies in the fields, devising Strange, "Lands of the Eastern and talking most vaineiy" ("The Caliphate," p. 394, note 2). Principal Voyages of the English Nation," Hakluyt Society, Every- The English traveler Fraser, in mans editions, vol. i, p. 450, 451). the account of his journey to Khorasan 'in 1825, observed that In 1590 A. D., a few years after water boiled in Kuchan at two the journey of Anthonie Jenken-

degrees lower temperature than in inhabitants of villages liable to Meshed, and accordingly he esti- their incursions." The prisoners mated its altitude to be over 4,000 they took were usually sold to the feet, or 1,000 feet higher than Uzbeks in Khiva and were often Meshed. While Fraser was in cruelly tortured. He cites the ac- Kuchan he had friendly association count of the embassy of General with the Ilkhani and his people. Mouravien to Khova in 1819-20, He mentions espesially the ex- who reported that there was some- treme hatred that these tribes, who thing like 30,000 captives in the had been located on the border by khanate of Khiva who had been Shah 'Abbas I., of the Safawi sold into slavery by the Turko- dynasty, came to have for the mans, who were known as the princes of the succeeding dynasty, "man-stealing Turks." M. Fer- the Kajars. On the other hand, rier also gives the following ac- the Kurds of Kuchan and the sur- count of how they organized their rounding villages were raided raids; from time to time by the Turko- "When a chief is determined to mans, but to be visited by the make a foray, he plants his lance, Kajar princes, accompanied by surmounted by his colors, into the bands of troops, was equally disas- ground in front of his tent, and trous. a crier invites all good Mussul- In 1837 'Abbas Mirza made a mans, in the name of the Prophet, special expedition into Khorasan to range themselves under his banto put down these rebellious chiefs, ner, and join in the raid upon the the most obstinate of whom was the Ilkhanf of Kuchan. The city Persian infidels.* His wishes, was besieged and taken and the Ilkhani was deposed. There was however, are no law to any of the much destruction at this time, but tribe, for the Turkoman enjoys as the Persian forces pressed on the most perfect liberty, and those to Sarrakhs and defeated the only who have confidence in their Solar Turkoman, liberating three chief ride up and strike their lances into the ground near his, the signal that the volunteer has de- thousand Persian captives who cided to follow his fortunes. When the chief thinks that he has aswere being sold from there as sembled a sufficient number of men slaves, we are led to suspect that to insure the success of the expedithe Kajar kings realized that the tion, he names that day month as Kurds had shown a disposition to the day of departure, this time becompromise with the Turkomans, and were not proving to be the ef- ing required for each man to get fective barrier that Shah 'Abbas his horse into that high state of condition without which he could had intended. not support the extraordinary A Terror to Travelers fatigue and hardships he has to A French military adventurer, undergo. .

M. Ferrier, who was in this part "During this month the forage of Persia in 1845 (Ferrier, "Cara- of a horse for twenty-four hours van Journeys Through Persia," p. consists of six pounds of hay or 81-85), remarks that "these Turk- clover-hay and about three pounds omans are, and with reason, a • The Turkomans are Bunni Muhammadans and the Persians belong to the Shi'ites. great terror to travelers and the

THE KURDS OF KHORASAN

of barley, or one-half the ordinary days the animal is capable of sup- quantity of corn. This reduces the porting the longest forced marches.

animal considerably in flesh, which Then, and not till then, their mas- is the object in view, the first step ters mount them and prepare for in his training; his pace improves the work of pillage.

under it, and he is thus prepared "Previously to this, however, for the strengthening and some- they look out for some hiding place what singlar food which he is sub- fortified by nature, which will fur- sequently to have. nish them with a secure retreat "The horse is then put to his full under adverse eventualities. While speed for half an hour every day, they are quietly resting themselves and is not fed until some consider- and their horses here, three or able time after he comes in: very four are detached from the band little water is given him, and if he to ascertain, if possible, whether is eager to drink it is a sign that any caravans are likely to pass.

he ought to fast a little longer; Sometimes these scouts will join but this training never exceeds a the kafila in the guise of inoffen- month. The thirty days having sive travelers, and as they go along elapsed, the Turkomans take the take very good care to find out the field, each of them with two horses; nature and value of the merchan- the one, the charger, which has dise, the number of armed men, been trained in the manner de- etc., and then suddenly disappear scribed; the other, a yaboo, or in- and convey this information to ferior animal used for burden, their companions. Though the which the Turkoman mounts on Turkomans do not run much risk leaving his aoul, encampment, and in such reconnaissances, they pre- which carries him to the Persian fer, for prudence sake, to obtain territory; the other follows him this information from Persians liv- without saddle or bridle, and never ing in the frontier villages, with strays from the party, for both whom they are frequently in com- have been accustomed to follow munication, and pay accordingly their master like dogs from the these vagabonds, who, without an time when they were foals. The idea of pity, thus deliver up their first day's march seldom exceeds unfortunate countrymen to these three parasangs; the second, four; bandits, explore the roads and give the third, five; and the fourth, six. intelligence, which is generally but When they arrive at this point the too accurate. During the time thus Turkomans change the forage of occupied in reconnoitering, the the charger, and substitute four main body of the Turkomans that pounds and a quarter of barley remain concealed are not inactive; flour, two pounds of maize flour, the maj ority scour the immediate and two pounds of raw sheep's tail neighborhood in small parties of fat, chopped very fine, all well five or six, and, as their numbers mixed and kneaded together: this do not attract attention, they fre- is one day's ration, without either quently manage to carry off some • straw or hay. The horses are very of the peasants working in the fond of this food, which is given field::!: this is the ordinary prelude them in balls, and puts them in to opetations- on a large scale. In tiptop condition, and after having the evening they rejoin their been fed in this manner for four friends to hear the news from their

scouts, and deliberate upon their give way entirely, and they fall, plans for the morrow. they are killed without remorse. Of one hundred Persians thus car- "When the attack is at length ried off and obliged to march with decided upon, half a dozen men are their captors, scarcely a third selected by the chief to remain reach Turkistan, or, at any rate with the provisions and yaboos; the spot from which the party set the rest, mounted on their best out on their villainous expedition. horses, gallop quickly to the appointed spot, whether village or A Turkoman's sensibility is never caravan, on either of which they awakened to suffering, no. matter fall like a whirlwind, and, like it, how terrible-the sentiment of devastate and finally sweep up and pity is unknown to them; a Percarry off eVerything, including sian is in their eyes simply a mermen, women, and children, that cantile and marketable commodity, comes in their way; in a few min- and not worth taking care of after utes all is over. Incendiarism is it has been injured-they are mernot unfrequently their last act; ciless by habit and by calculation. and, leaving the flames and smoke A prisoner who would make his to tell the tale to the distant vil- escape would never forget the lages, thyy fly with their booty treatment he had received at their and gain the spot where they left hands, and would certainly take their horses, putting from thirty his revenge by giving information to forty parasangs behind them at the first military post he came without drawing bit; and in an in- to. In killing his captive, therecredibly short space of time reach fore, a Turkoman looks upon the their encampment. Their horses, act as one of proper foresight and accustomed to these long and rapid a necessary precaution. journeys, accomplish them without In 1873 Russia launched an exknocking up; but this is not the pedition for the capture of Khiva. case with the unhappy persons Not only was this objective .atwho have been kidnapped; these, tained, but a war of extermination if few in number, are generally was carried on with the Yamut taken up behind their captors, or, if more numerous, they tie them Turkomans. In the midst of the on the horses they have stolen burning of the Turkoman camps and drive them before them until and villages, General Kaufmann the animals drop with fatigue. issued the order: "If the Yamuts The unhappy prisoners they car- become submissive, stop ravaging ried are then attached by a long them, but keep watch of what is cord to the saddle bow of their being done among them, and at the brutal tormentors, who drag them least attempt to migrate, carry out along, sometimes walking, some- my order for the final exterminatimes running, according to .the tion of the disobedient tribe." pace at which their own horses are The Yamuts made an effort to pay going at the time. Woe to them who slack their pace! for directly the huge subsidy that was deany show symptoms of fatigue, manded, but as the promiscuous the head of the Turkoman's lance killing and burning was continued, pricks and forces them on to fur- they met the Russians in ambush ther exertion; and should nature and in open battle. The fighting was desperate, for neither side granted any mercy whatever. Fi-

THE KURDS OF KHORASAN

nally the Russians got the advan- breach was made, through which tage, and then we hear from one a deadly fire was poured into the who accompanied the expedi- confined area. The final result was tion: entirely successful. The signal "That same day and the next we was given by the explosion of a began to pursue the Turkomans, mine, which levelled a large sec- who were very much disheartened tion of the wall, and the Russians.

by the result of their attack. We advancing in several columns, burned-as we had done before- quickly captured the fortress. The grain, houses, and everything pursuit of the fugitives, seen by which we met, and the cavalry, O'Donovan from the neighboring which was in advance, cut down hills, turned the flight of the Turk- every person, man, woman, or oman into a rout. Thus fell the child. Many of the men had gone, last great stronghold of Central although a few of them got up and Asia" (Sykes, "History of Persia,"

fired at us. They were generally ii, p. 463, 464).

women and children whom we met. From this time on the raids of I saw much cruelty. The infantry the Turkomans into Persian ter- came at a run ·behind, running ritory were on a much smaller fully eighteen miles, and continued scale, as Russian influence was the work of murder" {Schuyler, carefully maintained on the north- Turkistan, ii. p. 361, 362). ern frontier of Persia. But during Again in 1881, Russia, after the period of the last desperate having subjugated Khiva and struggles of the Turkomans with broken the strength of the Yamut the Russians, there was a series of Turkomans, advanced systemat- earthquakes which destroyed the ically into the Tekke-Turkoman old city of Kuchan almost entirely.

country. It proved a difficult Beginning in 1853, then in 1871, undertaking, and after six years again in 1893, and finally in 1895.

'of repeated efforts, in which there these earthquakes wrought liuch was much loss of life on both havoc that the site of the old city sides, the Russians were forced to was abandoned. The tomb of the retreat. "General Skobeleff was son of the Imam Rida is still stand- now entrusted with the task of re- ing, having been repaired; there habilitating Russia's lowered repu- are a few scattered shops; and tation. Realizing that the question some families of Kurds and other of transport was of primary im- Persians have vineyards there.

portance, he decided, as did Lord The new city of Kuchan was laid Kitchener later, when faced with out by Russian engineers. It has a similar problem, to construct a broad streets, running at right railway across the level steppe. angles, so that it would scarcely With its aid, joined to his own be recognized as a Persian town, powers of organization, he was if it were not for the ever present able to bring 8,000 men, with 52 mud walls around the separate guns and 11 machine guns against lots. The. streets are illuminated Geok Teppe, where the Turkoman by electric lights, and there are had decided to make their last rows of trees on either side, and stand. In January, 1881, In spite good drainage ditches. Besides of the desperate sorties of the there are two wide intersecting Tekke, parallels were dug and a thoroughfares, where one has to

be equally careful not to hit an elaring that for him there is no automobile or be sprinkled by an more meaning in life, for the old fashioned water carrier. reason, which he does not express, In 1926 there was an attempt to that the newly organized departstir up a rising of the Kurds and ments, with their separate re- Turkomans against the present sponsibility, have deprived him of Persian government, and ex-war most of the personal authority foreign aviators helped the Shah's that was so convenient and retroops by bombing the town of munerative for these governors in Kuchan from aeroplanes. We had the past.

a Persian friend who had gotten An Interesting Scene a Bible, in his own language of course, and who had begun a sys- When we were calling on one of tematic study of it, who was one the leading mujtahids (judges of of the innocent bystanders that the religious law) we happened in were killed by bombs thrown on on an interesting scene. The su- the public square. On this visit, perintendent of the Department of two years later, we were told that Public Works was belaboring the the house we rentEld was the same old priest for having encouraged one that the army officer who the people of the town to disobey headed the last rebellion had occu- orders tHat had come from Te- pied. But this time, instead of heran for merchants, school teach- guns, and swords, and cartridge ers, and all officials to wear the belts, the walls of those rooms recently adopted national hat.

were decorated with pictures of The old man himself was a de- Joseph and of Daniel, who had scendant of the prophet, a sayyid, been captives sold into slavery, and and he had enough black crape better still, of Jesus healing the wrapped around his head to equip sick, and of Jesus the Good Shep- a hearse. And in the room wera heFti. They were rooms centrally a number of the old man's sup- located and made excellent head- porters, who were priests too, but quarters for the distribution of not sayyids, who were all arrayed gospel portions and for instructing in huge, white, spreading turbans.

inquirers. Another house not far The old mujtahid vigorously de- away, owned by a Kurdish chief, nied that he had ever intimated was used as a temporary mission to the people that they were not hospital, where many of the de- to obey the Shah's order, but he scendants of the Kurds brought to was met by the retort, "Why does this region more than 300 years every shopkeeper give the same ago came in from the surrounding answer?" One curious objection villages for much needed treat- that the priests raised was that ment. whereas a turban could be washed, A handsome young man who is what would a poor working man in charge of the newly established do if he could only afford one hat Census Bureau, told me that the in a whole year? One's sense of population of the present town of humor is aroused when he hears Kuchan is probably not more than such men plead the cause of the 14,000. The civil governor is a working man.

sort of old pensioner who is dis- In nearly all the smaller towns posed to commiserate himself, de- of Persia, the various officials,

THE KURDS OF KHORASAN

representing the different depart- second, the last Sunday service, ments,-Post, Telegraph, Customs, when four Persian Christian men, Judicial, Public Works, Education, all of whom had been Mohamme- etc., have a considerable amount dans and who were helping in the of friendly association. Here in hospital, all voluntarily and with- Kuchan almost the entire group of out previous request, offered indi- officials are young men, who .are vidual prayers in which they gave progressive and receptive to new public testimony to their Christian lines of thought. Even on matters faith. And following this service, of religion they showed a decided- at a more private meeting, an in- ly openminded attitude. They quirer of long standing and simple called on us personally, they at- but beautiful faith was baptized.

tended mid-week illustrated lec- She is the wife of a man who was tures at the hospital, they attended baptized last year, who has shown Sunday preaching services, they real power and joy in his Christian purchased Bibles, they asked ques- life.

tions, and they were glad to pro- We spent a good deal of time in cure for further study special helping the friends of this family books explaining Christianity. get a more positive desire to really There were something like two know the Christ whom they al.

hundred clean faced young boys ready honor. Many of these as- who came in little groups to our sociations were most pleasant, so rooms to get attractively printed that when the time came to return Persian copies of the Sermon on to Meshed, we were reluctant to the Mount that are provided by leave. And in looking forward to the Scripture Gift Mission. One the next opportunity to visit of these boys has ability at draw- Kuchan, the first thought is of the ing and is occupying himself re- friendships it will be a pleasure to producing some of the pictures he renew.

liked most in the life of Christ. There is, however, a solemn con- And the wall pictures we had were sciousness of how much depends left as keepsakes with educated on how we keep in touch with these young men who asked for them. friends, and on how soon some of Some of these men had called first us may go to see them again, in for the excitement of an animated order to realize our hope that some discussion on religious questions, of them may be the Christian mis- but failing to find an interested sionaries who will be able, by their opponent they proved susceptible daily lives-in the natural going to friendship and came around to and coming that is involved in the religious questions afterwards their work-to carry the gospel of in a different way. Really war is peace and hope to these neglected no more necessary in apologetics peoples of Central Asia, the 50,000 than it is in diplomacy. downtrodden Kurds of Khorasan, But perhaps the two most happy and to the remaining 7,000 families experiences, from the evangelistic of Yamut Turkomans; that here point of view, were first the op- in this ancient valley of the Atrak portunity to give illustrated lec- river, these vigorous people of the tures on the life of Christ to large highlands may come to know as numbers of men and women, and their Saviour and Lord.

AFRICAN VILLAGE FOR A

"CBY WILLIAM CLARK BELL AND ELIZABETH LOGAN ENNIS* AN you buy a village full their upcountry communities are of people for some yards plunged into surroundings utterly of cloth worth only about devoid of the old tribal restraints a dollar?" and the new Christian responsibili- Two groups of Africans argued ties. Amid subtle and severe temp- this question one day before the tations there is no counter influence Portuguese abolished slavery in for good. The elders of the Bail- Angola. From one of the groups undo church were told that if they a small girl had been bought years would select someone of character before for several yards of cloth. and capacity to go to Lobito to She had later married, and her chil- minister to their people, his sup- dren and grandchildren had peo- port would be met by a friend.

pled a whole village. She had Their choice was Jesse Chiula, son proved even a better investment of Chief Chipenda.

than General Motors! Now, in na- Two ragged unpromising boys, tive court, the group that had sold bearing a letter from their teacher, her sought a readjustment of prof- Yovi, in Lomanda, asked to enter its. the Bailundo Boarding School, in A lady in California, in 1924, 1917. The boys' school account was sent $20 to Bailundo "to further overdrawn, and when did a grow- Christian work in Africa." Later ing lad ever succeed in paying his she drew interest on her invest- way?

ment from twenty villages at least, Chiula (or Chivulu) was the for the money paid the living ex- name of one of these lads and all penses for six months of a lad who the other boys had more than one.

went to Lobito and by preaching He became Jesse Chipenda; the ap- and example broUght to Christ pending of one's father's name was many a young man who had come. just then becoming "the thing,"

to that seaport to work for the though he didn't feel particularly Government, and who later re- keen about it. His father had turned to become a center of Chris- turned him out of the paternal on- tian activity in his inland home. janga saying he must be feeble- That $20 arrived at a critical minded to think of going to the time, for the Bailundo church was mission.

baffled by the problem of helping Jesse's mother was one of several its young people who had gone to wives and she had her own little the coast to work. White Lobito hut where she lived with his small tucks its native population away in sister. When he went to Yovi's a "quarter" of indescribable filth school in another village she said: and squalor. It is not concerned "Go and learn the words of Je- with their sanitation nor their pas-sus and then come back and tell times. Boys who go there from them to me. But for you I would • The two nuthors did not collaborate; they go back to the village of my peocouldn't, one being in Africa and the other in ple." America at the present time! The Missionary 1lerald combined the two articles. When his mother died of the flu, 938 Jesse then felt no ties to draw him freely with the inhabitants of the back to his old home, but he always town, work was secured for him dreamed of going back there as a with a construction company em- teacher. He fancied himself telling ploying much labor. His mornings the story of Daniel in the den of were spent in the carpenter shop lions to the people of Lomanda, for or on the dock, and later he would that had been the first story to preach to those whose interest was catch his youthful imagination and aroused. He bore testimony to his draw him to listen to Yovi's teach- faith in his daily activities, and the ing. fact that he did not yield to the Jesse Chiula Chipenda was no temptations of a seaport town was common pupil; he forged ahead in itself remarkable testimony.

as few do when they come in from J esse found many boys whom he the out-station schools. He did four had known and through them came years' work in three and in 1920 to know others. Vesper services he was able to enter Currie Insti- were dear and familiar to the boys tute at Dondi. Here he met boys from Christian villages; how natu- from all the other stations and his ral that together with him they whole outlook began to broaden. should revive the custom, and, sit- The visit of Mr. Aggrey to Dondi ting by the seashore, sing and sing inspired him with new hopes and in the twilight till many others had aspirations. gathered around them. And Jesse When in 1924 Jesse was gradu- would repeat verses from the Gos- ated from Currie Institute, the op- pels, adding pertinent words of his portunity to go back to his own own.

village as its teacher presented it- Meanwhile he made steady prog- self and he gladly seized it and ress from shop to office, and now opened a new school. Five months is trusted with the payroll and the he stayed there and then he was checking of invoices. His school called to enter a new field. grew to great proportions; he had Chief Chipenda, when ap- to have an assistant and the Bail- proached on the subject of his son's undo church sent him one. In 1928· going to Lobito, exploded with he selected for his own helpmeet wrath. Was not Jesse head and Theresa, who had just graduated feet to him? Did he not represent from Means School, Dondi, and to- him before the authorities and at- gether they have built up in Lobi- tend to state business? He would to's dirty sanzalas a clean, sweet close the little school already Christian home.

started! It was only after a per- The influence of the Christian suasive presentation of the Chris- work at Lobito is now felt every- tian standpoint-and the promise where in the uplands. Men who of another lad-that the king at have lived within sight and sound last, reluctantly, allowed Jesse to of a mission station and have never depart. let it interfere with th()ir affairs, As a preacher alone Jesse could go to Lobito to work and suddenly never have accomplished all he pur- find they have been missing some- posed. Practical demonstration of thing all their lives.

the Christ life in social and indus- "So that is what the Jesus folk trial activities is needed in Africa. are like! Well, I never !"

In order to enable him to mingle Some day when they go back

home, they go to the neighboring opportunity. At Catumbela 3,000 mission station and say, "We want natives are employed on a sugar a teacher for our village. Some of plantation. There is need for reus have been working at Lobito, ligious work among the white peoand we have been attending Jesse's ple in Lobito, for there is none at school, and now that we have come present. A Portuguese Christian back we want a school in our vil- through reading rooms and Englage. We want the rest of our peo- lish classes, could come into conple to learn too." tact with and influence many'young men. A missionary is needed to And so it goes on-and on. Jesse start the new work, coordinate and Chiula will never know this side of supervise its various branches. heaven how wide and wonderful Lobito is destined to become one of his influence has been. the largest seaports of West Afri- ca. It is our earnest hope that the The beginnings of this ever- city may be properly staffed as a growing work were financed by branch station of the mission in that small gift from California! anticipation of the need. Oppor- Truly, "Twenty villages for twenty tunities for further investment and dollars." for fruitful service are unlimited.

There is need of new centers of influence' and there is a wonderful MODERN WAR ON SLAVERY T HE Senate of the United States for the first time has agreed to back a treaty-program in opposition to all "forced labor," except by convicted criminals. The League of Nations raises hopes of greater effectiveness in the international war on slavery and near-slavery which exist much more widely than many know.

It is estimated that four or five million human beings are yet in bondage in various parts of the world; in Abyssinia the proportion of slaves is said to be one in five of the population, and in parts of China one in 150; slave importation to Arabia rates 2,000 a year, according to the League, The most notable progress reported during the past year was the freeing of 200,000 natives of Sierra Leone, on the west coast of Africa, a British protectorate, on January 1, 1928.

Near-slavery–compulsory labor-in Africa during mining and other development has been marked at times by an estimated mortality as high as 40 per cent. The International Labor Conference last May listed "forced labor" as one of its chief topics, and a 320-page preliminary report and draft-questionnaire was prepared for discussion. The slavery convention permits forced labor even by private employers for a "transitional" period. America's ratification carries one reservation, namely, that "compulsory or forced labor may only be exacted for public purposes." Twenty-seven nations had ratified this treaty program up to March, 1929.

Abyssinia, admitted to the League in 1923 on condition that slavery be abolished, is still the most active center of the slave trade, despite King RaB Taffari's decree of the death penalty for slave holding, Tibet, Afghanistan, Hejaz and Morocco are listed as other places where slavery continues to exist; Persia and Southern China are among countries which have "officially" declared for abolition. The Moslem World Congress, held at Mecca in the summer of 1926, also adopted a resolution denouncing slavery.

WOMEN AND

BY MRS. C. C. CHEN, Shanghai, China J LL religions came into exist- and yet how futile were men, strugf i ence to fill two great pur- gling for an existence. Therefore his theory, "Be still, it is needless poses. The first is to save to struggle." But how about the men from immediate mental and theory of the "surv~val of the fitspiritual suffering and consequently it leads men to a new vision of life. The second is to satisfy men's quest for God. Buddhism came into existence because Buddha was touched to see the suffering of the old men in the tropical heat; the little child widows and street urchins begging for food, homeless and outcast; the sick, and the annual plague of the hot climate; and last of all death and the grief of the living ones over their dead. The pageant of life smote his tender heart and he tried to show men the life after death-his theory of rebirth. This life, as the belief goes, could be obtained through absolute quiet meditation and physical torture. No matter what the criticisms might be of Buddhism, it has proved that men's longing for supreme life after death, for peace, and for God's understanding is genuine.

Lao-Tze, a scholar and a philos- MRS. C. C. CHElN, OF SHANGHAI opher, was moved by the grandeur and beauty of the firmament-the test';? A great number of scholars mighty waters and the infinite sky, and thinkers followed him but Conthe soaring birds and the prowling fucius thought that his theories animals, the age-old trees and the were too impracticable. beauties of the flowers, the clouds that sail by and the mountains Confucius was born at a time which are everlasting, and the roar when China was divided into many of thunder and the flashes of light- small nations which were constantning followed by a clear, still night ly fighting and invading each other. with countless stars twinkling He longed to give his contribution above. What a world to live in! to the rulers of his time, to bring The great realization came that a man's soul could match it all. Life ought to enjoy the great creation 941

about an ideally governed nation. on of commerce, and the ruling of But his contemporaries were too a nation, a province, a city, or a sure that "might was right." Aft- district. It is obvious that women er wandering for many years, try- at that time were not encouraged ing to make people see that his to become educated. Public opinion theories were righteous and just held that women should be subju- and workable, he was rejected. He gated to men's authority, and un- returned to Lu Kwo (present Shan- fortunately the few educated tung Province) and started. a women also endorsed that idea.

school of his own. He was a schol- Later the sentiment was developed: ar and a statesman. He knew hu- "Women without education are vir- man nature so he set forth moral tuous," so that education for wom- codes 'and golden rules which all en was doomed and they became men can follow and which have intellectually and physically inferi- been China's salvat.ion. Women or to men.

were not much in the foreground From time immemorial we Chi- at that period; their world was at nese have believed that the duty of home. a filial son is to continue the fam- These are the main religious sys- ily name. Therefore it is a wom- tems of China today-with the ex- an's crowning glory when she gives ception of Confucionism which has birth to a son. If a woman should no organized system, the only tem- not have a son-then woe be to her ples which are in major cities, are -her life is useless. She can only the memorial temples which open blame it to her own star of ill fate once a year for official offerings. and prepare to face a life of living Both Buddhism and Taoism have torture and humiliation. Her hus- degenerated. There are many tem- band has the legal right to marry ples and nunneries with idols, sym- again. What would be the future bols and imaginary pictures show- of sonless women? They have no ing the sufferings after death that education; they are dependent on come to those who were wicked, the men folks; the tradition dis- the joy and peace for those who courages women earning a living; were good. The priests and monks the door of vision and aspiration have drifted away from their is closed to them! In the time of founders' aims and purposes, and anguish and despair they go to the have utilized the religious systems temple of idols, make vows to deny to extort money from suffering and themselves normal food, to con- ignorant women. tribute money to endow the tem- How did Chinese women reach ples, to torture their bodies in their present state? In the early order to appease the gods of fate period of Chinese society men's la- to ensure a better life after death.

bor had to be divided. According What a tragedy! Human longing to our Chinese division of labor, for eternal peace and life, for a women should mind the duties of higher aspiration and understand- the home, rear the children, ad- ing, and for a realization of life's minister to the need and comfort value is not satisfied! Their quest of the men, and care for the old. for God was not successful and While men should attend to the their hunger and thirst for eternal duties outside of the home, such as peace and divine understanding the work in the field, the carrying were still unsatisfied and un-

1:129] CHINESE WOMEN AND RELIGION

quenched. It must pain His Father birth until death. Fear and superheart to see human beings helplesH- stition breeds cowardice which is ly groping for a door to see the a curse to our nation. The monks light and trying to understand that and priests of all ages have never whether life is either childless or tried to uplift the womanhood of blessed with children, it has pro- China. ductive value in itself. God wants us to have the great understanding President Roosevelt said that no of eternal life and peace, and that nation can rise higher than the levour life has also its full value on el of its womanhood. Women are this earth. The life which we live the first teachers of every new gencan be most beautiful, most rich, eration. Women constitute the othand most productive. Our life in er half of the national foundation. His sight is the most precious Chinese women have to rise to fulamong all His creations. fil their rightful duty. Her young generation is waiting to drink from What have the great religious her fountain of life and to hear systems contributed to Chinese life her bed-time stories. Are her -especially to Chinese woman- stories going to instill fearfulness hood? In spite of the degeneration and superstitions, or are her stories of the Chinese religions, they have going to be the life-long inspiramade one great contribution to tions for manhood and womanhood, Chinese life; and that is religious and for fair play, and even for unity. For certain reasons-may- loving service and sacrifice for othbe because of the religious pur- ers? Christ has come, not only to poses, aims and truths; maybe the western nations but to China, because of a respect for each oth- to emancipate the Chinese women er's rights and each other's ideals; from illiteracy, from physical bondmaybe for the purpose of making age, from the despair and humilimoney by the later priests and ation of childlessness, and from monks, they have merged into each fear and superstition. For centuries other. One can be a profound Chinese women have been hungry Buddhist and also can be a Taoist and thirsty for the living Word. and a profound Confucianist. The The Word belongs to us as well as Christian churches in China may to the western nations. The gate learn a great lesson from the Chi- of hope, understanding and of nese religions of the benefit of peace is open to us. Out of our working together in unity. four hundred million Chinese there are only about half a million Prot- Our religious systems in China estant Christians. Is the Christian have failed to inspire and fulfil the work going to be reenforced or is longing for spiritual peace and it to be curtailed after this antilight, for the joy of loving and giv- Christian inovement in China? The ing and serving. Instead they have older churches feel that it is not succeeded in holding the ignorant safe to invest money and to send class of people and especially the out more missionaries at present. women in fear and superstition. The work has to go slowly because One acquainted with a Chinese China is on fire. home, will notice that there is a god, a fairy, or a spirit to each Once there were two boys watchhousehold article. Women live and ing a forest fire. One night, one breathe in that atmosphere from boy saw that the sky was ablaze.

He called out to his companion, pecially China needs Christ in the "Fire! Fire!" The other boy mother's heart to guide her youth rubbed his eyes and said, "!tis not from childhood.to manhood, from fire, it is dawn." To the West the bitter humiliation of the past to present unrest in China is fire, but great magnanimity in the future. to us it is dawn. The hour has ar- Think of the undeveloped poten- tialities and possibilities in the rived when we must work. mass of Chinese womanhood! The What will be our program for the harvest is ready but laborers are few. Help us shape China's future. work in China and especially for the women? Do the older churches The older churches of the West want to wait until the troublous have money, have courage, and times in China are over? Why? have personnel,. but have not Do the older churches lack money? enough vision, faith, or under- standing. Whose responsibility is Lack courage? Lack personnel? it to develop these essential quali- Does China need Christ now? ties? How can we Chinese Chris- China does need Christ today more tians help you to bring about a than she has ever realized before. better understanding and to see the China needs Christ in the period harvest in the unsown seeds, and of her reconstruction. She needs the sun beyond the rain clouds? Christlike friends who are close to We need greater faith. We are anxher and from whom she can feel iously watching and. waiting, for warmth and sincere understanding. She needs Christ in all her relations you to reenforce your Christian with other nations and in every work, giving your very best. You phase of her daily life as well as in are not going to fail us. the churches and on Sundays. Es- CHINESE REGULATIONS FOR RELIGIOUS INSTITUTIONS A NY religious sect, whether Chinese or foreign, desiring to establish educational institutions in the territory of the National Govern- ment, must conform to the following regulations recently promulgated by the Ministry of Education: 1. Any school in the system of schools established and maintained by contributions in the name of a religious sect must be supervised in accordance with the rules governing private schools. All schools must be established according to the system relating thereto determined by the Ministry of Education.

2. Any religious sect wishing to open an institution and enroll students for the purpose of disseminating the religious doctrines it believes in, cannot name the schools according to the school system determined by the Ministry of Education.

3. Whenever a religious sect organizes a society for the study of religious doctrines or any other academic subject, such a society must be organized in accordance with the procedure governing the organization of academic societies or clubs.

4. Any organ coming under the first or third regulation must be reported to or registered with the responsible educational authorities, but those which fall under the second category will be subject to the direct jurisdiction of the local governments concerned and need not be registered with the educational administrative authorities.

MOHONK CONFERENCE ON·

AMERICAN INDIAN BY COE HAYNE, New York nJFTER a lapse of thirteen years, Dr. George W. Hinman, of New this Conference has been re- York, approved of Secretary Wilbur's vived through the hospitality policy looking toward the gradual merging of the Indian stock with that of Mr. and Mrs. Daniel Smiley (Oc- of the nation, but he mentioned some of the "hindrances to progress" that tober 15 to 18). Hon. Charles J. have confronted the American Indian. Rhoads, Commissioner of Indian Af- Among other things the hope of re- ceiving riches through the settlement fairs, brought a message from Secre- of tribal claims appears to deprive tary Wilbur which reaffirmed the the Indians of ambition and per- sistence in working and saving. An- policy of the Interior Department an- other obstacle, he said, is the prone- ness of the idle and the hungry rela- nounced early last spring. The Sec- tives to hang about a thrifty Indian to dissipate all his gains. retary said in part: The widely diversified character of The endeavor of the Department of the the conference as well as the activities Interior in the Indian question has been on Indian fields was brought home as to set up a constructive program which one listened to statements by Reprewould gradually lead in the course of, sentatives in Congress, army officers, say twenty-five years, to the placing of heads of government departments and the Indian and his property upon the bureaus, health officers, clergymen, normal basis of contributing citizen- teachers, editors, executives and misship. . . . .. We must seek to obtain every possible contribution of value which the sionaries. Indian can bring to our American civilization. Dr. John R. Mott, in the closing ses- sion of the conference, gave a view of The principal immediate problem is to international and interracial goodwill do substantial justice to the Indian chil- that revealed the necessity of bringing dren of today so that they may have ade- all considerations of the Indian probquate educational and health opportuni- lem to higher levels. His definition of ties. A long period of parsimony has "fractional Christians" I e a v e s no been damaging. Our first effort should ground for loitering for those who be toward working out the practical halt in the application of the whole of daily problems so that justice may be the Gospel to this sore spot in Amergiven the Indian. With this much on ican social life. its way, we should be able to model our plans so that the Indian will become a Dr. Charles L. White, president of self – sustaining, self – respecting, inde- the Home Missions Council, pled for pendent citizen. the disinterestedness of a sincere fol- lower of Jesus Christ in devising and Assistant Commissioner Scatter- carrying to fruition all plans in behalf good expressed a conviction that in of the Indians.

the development of leaders among the Dr. Samuel A. Eliot, of Boston, was the conference chairman and M. K. Indian people we should not lose sight Sniffen, secretary of the Indian Rights of the magnificence of the old racial Association, served as conference sec- retary. characteristics. To inspire the In- dian to build on his own nobility and develop a race consciousness that will enable him to produce his own leaders in a social environment that has been created for him by forces beyond his will to control, is a task, in the opinion of Mr. Scattergood, worthy to call forth the best efforts of every indi- vidual and group having to do with Indian social, economic and religious welfare.

4 945

The resolutions adopted included given as an essential factor in all recommendation of the appointment by lationships of the government and President Hoover of Charles J. Rhoads missionary agencies. and J. Henry Scattergood, respectively, as Commissioner and Assistant Com- The report of the Committee on missioner of Indian Affairs, and Findings made the following statepledged the cooperation of the mem- ment in regard to Missionary Activibers of the conference in services that ties in behalf of the Indians: may be helpful in advancing the welfare of the American Indian. .Special The new day in Indian affairs brings mention was made of the necessity of a tremendous challenge to the churches funds for the adequate feeding of chil- and the religious people of the nation. dren in Indian boarding schools, for Large as the contributions of the Missufficient appropriations for the Indian sion Boards to the welfare of the Indians Bureau in the task of reorganization, may have seemed in the past, they are the need of continuity in the Indian now entirely inadequate for the needs policy and of a definite program for of the immediate future. Material each reservation in accordance with its forces must not outrun spiritual forces. own conditions and requirements. If the appropriations for religious work These resolutions also commended do not rise in at least equal proportion the efforts of the Indian Bureau to to those of the Government, the Indian raise the standards of education and will suffer spiritually. Now is the hour training for its employees and urged of opportunity. The churches must lay an educational program for Indians upon their memberships that responsithat shall be rooted in the real needs bility for the salvation of the Indian of the Indian people, helping them to which every historical consideration and make their own way in four essentials every spiritual insight makes so evident. -health, economic well being, family Moreover, the Indians of this and other and community life and wholesome lands are now in the limelight of public recreation, including cultural and spir- and private attention. The churches can itual interests. The need of further refuse to go forward only at the cost of appropriations was pointed out in a seared conicience or of a dimming spirorder that the Indian service hospitals itual vision. The new vision of life, an-d and sanitoriums may meet the min- that more abundant, will inspire to multiimum, at least, of the standards for form new services for the Indian brother. health set up by the American College New methods and new instrumentalities of Surgeons, and the American Sani- will give the missionary of the Cross new torium Association. The Conference conquests for the Kingdom. Let the sevrecommended that not only vocational eral missionary agencies continuously training and guidance be continued measure their work in every feasible but that actual placement of the In- way. Accurate annual statistics are esdian youth in productive enterprises sential to real efficiency. They are necesbe attempted with the necessary fol- sary if the world is to know what the low-up to see that the boys and girls existing situation is, and what the measare satisfactorily established in their ure of progress is. It is high time, too, new environments. They urged the that the practice of cooperation for mucreation of a fund out of which in- tual benefit signalize the relations of herited and other allotted Indian land Government and missions, and even may be purchased for Indians who more of denomination and denomination. have not lands, and the amendment Missions should always work with Inof the allotment and other laws re- dians as well as for Indians. Permanent lating to Indian land titles making pos- devotion and enlarged efficienCiY will sible an inalienable and nontaxable widen the opportunities for the discrimhome-site for every Indian family. inate encouragement of native leaders; Cooperation for mutual benefit was for the safe utilization by the Govern- ment of the moral insights of the mis- sionary, and for the spiritualization of every phase of Indian life. Pure re- ligion and undefiled will give us econom- ical and social missionary activities which will lay solid bases upon which the highest spiritual structures will rise. Community centers for the safeguarding and improvement of family and social life will become demonstration points. leading the government in widespread efforts for civic and social welfare among the Indian people.

to Dr. Brown on the Foreign Missionary, Unity

Missions, Rising Churches in Non- On December second, the Editor and Christian Lands and the Mastery of Mrs. Pierson are due to leave New the Far East. York on the Empress of Australia for a long-desired visit to some of the mis- In writing of his thirty-four years sion fields of Asia. It is thirty-eight as a missionary secretary, Dr. Brown years since the Editor first became as- says in Women and Missions for Sepsociated with the REvrnw. During his tember: student days in Princeton, he was Among the most highly prized of a Managing Editor in the absence of the secretary's experiences is his relation to Editor-in-Chief, Dr. Arthur T. Pier- mbeisasiofnraiernieds. a. n. d…cowI oarrkdeerntwlyitdhesaireddeetpo personal i n t ere s t in the individual son, who spent much of his time dur- worker…… I have encouraged pering the last twenty-five years of his sonal correspondence with individual life preaching, and lecturing in Eng- omfistshieonnaruimese,roanusd lIethtearvse trheaatd tehveeyryhoanvee land and Scotland. On the death of sent me ….. .

his father in 1911 the whole of the Editorial responsibility devolved upon My mind teems with memories of two the son. visits to the foreign field, which alto- By a very fortunate and providential gether occupied about a year and three- quarters. I saw how the missionaries arrangement, the Rev. Arthur J. live and work. I traveled with them in their boats and carts and litters, on their Brown, D.D., who has recently retired ponies and elephants, and sometimes on vfoilloatg.e.s.,..m. anAystiImejsouirtnseeyeemdedamtoonmgethaes as a General Secretary of the Board if in the missionary the Son of Man once F orel.gn M"ISS Ions f the P resbyetrI'- more walked among men; that once more of 0 an Church in the U. S. A., has agreed to edit the REVIEW for the year 1930, during Mr. Pierson's absence in Asia. he said to the weary and heart-sick, No man could be found better fitted "Come unto me, all ye that labor and are heavy laden, and I will give you for this important service. As an rest"; and that once more men "forsook author, speaker, missionary executive, all and followed him."

world traveler and student of home I have valued also a secretary's relaand foreign missions, Dr. Brown is tionship to union and federated moveparticularly well qualified for such a ments. These movements are among the most significant manifestations of our position. For the past thirty-four age. I have said many times that it is years he has been Secretary of the no part of our missionary duty to per- Presbyterian Board. Previous to that petuate on the foreign field the sectarian rich experience he was pastor of divisions of Europe and America. If a man believes in God as Sovereign and churches in Ripon, Wisconsin, in Oak Father, in the Bible as the revelation of Park, Illinois, and in Portland, Oregon, the will of God, in Jesus Christ as the and was very vitally affiliated with propitiation for our sins and for the sins home mission interests. In the last of the whole world, I am willing to unite with that man or to federate with him twenty-five years he has been partic- or to cooperate with him on any terms ularly active as a foreign missionary that may prove to be practicable, whether executive and has written numerous I agree with him in other matters or stimulating and illuminating articles not….. .

and many books on the Philippines, The experiences of a secretary also China, the Near East, Japan, Siam include relations to social, economic, edu- cational and political movements. None and Russia as well as valuable treatises of these are primary objects of the for- 947

eign missionary enterprise, but all of influence may be increased and their them affect it and are in turn affected own program may be promoted. Rusby it…… I unhesitatingly side with sia is today the home of this systemthose who believe that all things are atic propaganda. With it naturally summed up in Christ; that "godliness is is linked opposition to international profitable for all things, having promise peace based on brotherly confidence of the life which now is and of that and treaty obligation. Atheistic comwhich is to come"; that the Cross of munism also is naturally antagonistic Christ is the central regulative principle to the teaching of children and youth of the world; and that the Gospel is re- to honor and obey God rather than lated to the entire life of man and all man. This philosophy advocates the his relationships….. . use of any means-deception, lying, theft, murder, betrayal-in order to While I recognize the obstacles that gain world-wide control. must still be surmounted and the problems that must still be solved, I have no A recent report to the executive doubt as to the outcome. Mighty as are committee of "The Communist Interthe forces of evil, the forces of righteous- national," printed in the Pravada, ness are mightier, and "if God be for us, the organ of the central committee in who can be against us?" Russia, advocates strong measures to win control in all countries. This re- Dr. Brown has been particularly in- port rejects reliance on peaceful means terested and effective in fostering and says: "Our fight for the majority Christian unity. He has traveled ex- of the working class will be accompatensively in Europe and in the mission nied by bloody battles not only against fields and has been active on many the bourgeois but against social deboards and ·committees to promote in- mocracy as well …… In order to win ternational cooperation. We anticipate, the majority of the population to its under Dr. Brown's able editorship, a side, the proletariat must first of all year of unusual satisfaction for RE- overthrow the bourgeois and seize the government, smashing the former VIEW readers. governmental machinery into a thou- sand bits." The communists openly Missionaries of Atheism advocate efforts to foster revolution in England, America and elsewhere and, Apparently Satan's only fear is the in order to do this, they seek to orfear of God. His wiles and disguise ganize the laboring classes and resort as an "angel of light" too often mis- to deeds of violence (as in the recent lead men but God cannot be deceived Gastonia textile strike). Their policy or His purposes thwarted. The anti- is to secure control of "the most im- Christ, and all opposed to the spirit portant positions in the most strategic and program of Christ, believe that places-the mails, telegraph, telephone, they can succeed in carrying out their wharves, railroad junctions, etc…… . anti-religious program by making men and to win those groups of working think that God is a tyrant, that His men in factories without whose parcommands and warnings are unjusti- ticipation in the process of production, fied and may be disregarded, and that the normal functioning of those fac- His son was a myth or an imposter. tories is unthinkable." Their greatest fear is that men will believe in God as an all powerful heav- In other words the atheistic comenly Father and will choose to obey munist leaders are organizing and car- Him rather than accept the teachings rying on an extensive propaganda to of atheism. Therefore the atheistic incite the laboring classes to strike, to communists of Russia are striving seize control of industries, of sources with all their energy to destroy belief of wealth and of the government. This in God. Without any basis for their spirit and program is characteristic of position in science, in history or phil- a comparatively small group but they osophy, they seek to persuade men to reject all religion and to cast off its restraining influence. They seek, with energy and determination, to promote this unbelief in order that their own

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

are energetic and, from their seat of and Russia represent two nations, control in Russia, are seeking to ex- two races, two forms of civilization, tend their influence and to carry out conflicting economic and political prothis program in other lands. grams. Both are emerging from monarchical to a nominally democratic That the Russian communists reveal government. China is strenuously characteristics of anti-Christ is shown seeking to establish an independent by recent utterances of the All Russia republic, while Russia is trying an Communist Party which stated: experiment in a new form of class "From now on the anti-religious front rule-the sovereignty of the workers must be spread out on an international of the world. China is seeking to scale, like the entire revolutionary unify her own people and to establish struggle of the working class." national order and prosperity; Russia is endeavoring to promote communism "Comrade" Yaroslavsky was ap- and to unite the proletariat of the plauded at the All Union Congress of world regardless of the disorder and Atheists in Moscow last June when he conflict which may be aroused in the said: "We are against God, we are process. The trouble between China against capital …… We are for a so- and Russia arose when the Soviet cialist revolution." propagandists were expelled. Fight- ing has been reported at the border These facts and remarks are quoted, town of Manchouli in the west (where not from fear of the power of the athe- the Swedish Free Mission has had a istic socialism, but because no one station) and at Blagoveschenk and should shut his eyes to the facts. He Pogranichnaya on the eastern border that is for us is far greater than any between Asiatic Russia and Manthat are against us. Christ is destined churia. These centers are so remote to win and to rule. that Europe and America are scarcely conscious of the conflict. Neither The Russian communists are sadly Russia nor China can afford to go to ignorant of true religion and of the war. They both have their hands full true character and purpose of Chris- at home and in their international retianity. They have been misled and lations, and they need all their reneed our prayers rather than our de- sources, energies and goodwill to work nunciation. The Christianity they out their own problems. have seen has not borne the marks of the sacrificial love and godlikness of Northern Manchuria is almost un- Jesus Christ. The challenging task occupied as a Christian mission field. that confronts His followers today is The country is thinly populated and to reveal Christ by their patience, their the coming of winter will make a love, their loyalty, so that they may military campaign exceedingly difconfound the adversary. The Chris- ficult. There is great need that Rustian religion is not wedded to capital- sia and China both put their own ism or to militarism. True religion houses in order and keep their own is not an opiate but a stimulating pow- doorsteps clean. In the present day er; Christianity does not mean bond- war in any continent, however remote, age but liberty. Freedom from servile is a menace to the peace of the world. fear, from intellectual bondage, from industrial slavery, from political tyran- Unfortunately, civil war has again ny are obtained through full surrender broken out in China. Marshall Feng to Jesus Christ. This has been demon- Yu-Hsiang has rebelled against the strated in countless ways among all regime under Chiang Kai-shek, on the classes and races of humanity since the beginning of the Christian era. ground of corruption and inefficiency in the Nationalist Government. Peace The Conflict in Eastern Asia in China seems to be more remote than ever. Men are slow to learn that there is another way to settle disputes than the way of force of arms. China

BY MRS. F. 1. JOHNSON, 150 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW

President of the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions BY MRS. S. S. HOUGH Ohadr1Jwn of .,Joint. C,?11I mitt r.c on lVorld. Da·y of Pr(1yr;r oj l"('dcnltiiJ1t of lVomen'8 Boards of ForC1gn Mt88wns 01 ~7o"th Amerwa and Council of lV{Jmen jar H(nne Missio-ns METHODS FOR WORLD DAY OF Subcommittees on program, place of meeting, publicity, etc., should be PRAYER appointed; also special committees for young people's and children's meet- THREE months hence, on March 7, ings. 1930, the World Day of Prayer, Christians of all races and many na- The leader for each meeting should tions speaking varied languages will be selected many weeks in advance, be joined again in a great fellowship and all details of program assigned, of prayer all round the world. Who different denominations, races and can measure· the mighty possibilities nationalities given parts. of such united praying! What could be more central to the life and service In one city many simultaneous of church women than this irresistible meetings were held with a woman of energy of the prayer kingdom; there- a different nationality or race in fore it is hoped that groups in every charge of each meeting. community, whether rural or urban, will early plan to share in this world It is especially important that the fellowship. leader take time to meditate on the program until it becomes a part of Preparation herself.

The preparation for this observance Those in charge of the music should is simple but very important. If there be persons who know how to make an is a federation or council of church organ pray and singing real worship. women in the community, the planniIg should be in their hands. If no inter- +V1ake this a day for prayer and denominational organization of church not speaking. women exists, then any woman or girl who is interested should take the initi- Some communities have divided the ative. entire day as follows: The services on this one outstand- 7: 00 A. M. to 9: 00 A. M. and 12: 00 ing day of the year are community- M. to 1: 30 P. M. for business and wide, interdenominational, interna- professional women. Luncheons are tional and interracial; therefore the sometimes planned for this group with general committee should be composed a special speaker. 9: 00 A. M. to of representatives of different de- 12: 00 M. and 2: 00 P. M. to 4: 00 P. nominations and other Christian or- M. for the general public. The conganizations; also of various nations secration service, "Looking Unto and races in the community. These Jesus," price 10 cents, is very aprepresentatives should be women, propriate for the morning session. girls and leaders of children:* 4: 00 P. M. to 5: 00 P. M., children's meetings. 7: 00 P. M. to 9: 00 P. M., for young people.

*All HlI!)1)1iI'R Rhonltl hi~ ol'tl(,l'i~d illlJllP(lin t ply How One Group Made It Known ~fIl''OO.ILl:l'j·1UJ11ltS'l,lom"Tillhnatiton.nTlesmnsis siulln r y mny he hctHlqulll'tel's', Letters were sent to all pastors of ner I..Iifted 'lIp;; the city. Cull $1.70 h1l1J{ll'ed: postt'rs. 10 cents leetatcehr~' A publicity committee had a short, "The to PruYf>r." free: seals for graphic article describing the observ- Ilnd . invitations. 25 eeuts per hundred: the specIal consecrat.ion service. "Looking Unto .Jesus," 10 cents each.

950

METHODS FOR WORKERS

ance in many landl'l published in daily "Around the balcony hung the flags papers, followed by additional notices of forty-two nations. Plants and from time to time, with pictures of bright flowers added to the attractiveleaders, interesting items on objects ness of the room. A large map of the for the offering, etc. Notices appeared world hung across the platform." in church calendars, church and Y. W. C. A. bulletin boards. The Oft'ering The "Call" was distributed in all Since addresses should be eliminated churches during December and wom- entirely if possible from the Day of en and girls urged to use the cycle. Prayer program another time should be arranged when women may be made Members of the committee visited conversant with the four projects tovarious church meetings and made ward which gifts on the Day of Prayer personal announcements. are devoted. This may be done through meetings in separate churches The Day of Prayer poster on which or by one or two union meetings held the time and place of meeting had been several weeks previous to the day. inserted was put up in all churches, These will prove of great educational Y. W. C. A., etc. value as well as spiritually helpful, and will stimulate the desire to par- Invit!ltions were sent to all women's ticipate in the work through the freeand girl's clubs, missionary societies, will offering on the Day of Prayer. young peoples groups and students. In one community such meetings were Day of Prayer seals (25 cents per held by the women of a local church hundred) were used on all letters and and the offering taken and then invitations. brought by each group of women to the Day of Prayer service. Many ma- A special luncheon is held each year terials are available for such prothree or four weeks preceding the grams. Day of Prayer. The "Call to Prayer" is used as place cards and a special Indian Work. An intensely interaddress given. This offers a fine op- esting program may be prepared on portunity to visualize the projects for Indian Work using the leaflets, "After the offering by an address and an ex- School-What?" "Why Educate Him?" hibit of pictures, posters and leaflets, and "My Neighbor, the American Inetc. dian." Unified Thinking," also has a section devoted to this topic. Copies of the "Call" and program were distributed among shut-ins and Christian Literature for Women in hospitals, and patients invited to and Children in Mission Fields. One join in the fellowship of {Jrayer. is deeply stirred by the need revealed in the leaflets UNothing to Read," We found two of our city pastors "What $10,000 meant in 1928," or by were broadcasting two devotional the presentation of the little dramaservices daily, so we interviewed them tization, "A Day in the Office." Samand secured their cooperation. The ples of the children's magazines in one who was conducting a vesper serv- nine languages and dialects may be ice each evening gave a very sympa- had, thus making possible a small disthetic talk on the history and play. significance of the day the night preceding the Day of Prayer, and the Migrant Work. A stereopticon lecpastor in charge of morning devotions ture of sixty beautifully colored slides very beautifully devoted the period depicts Migrant Work in the eastern from nine to nine-thirty on the Day and western parts of the United of Prayer to the service. This pre- States. The pageant "The Kingdom ceded any service in the churches. of Love" was presented most beauti- ful at Northfield and Chatauqua, N. Place of Meeting Y., and numerous other places, large It should be central and comfortably large. Women appointed to usher and take offering. A woman writes,

and small have effectively presented it messenger in white, singing the an- indoors or out, elaborately or simply. swers. "Amelida" is a dramatization showing the need for schools in Mexican labor In the responsive reading which camps. The leaflet giving printed pro- follows, the congregation voices the gram may be utilized or it may be heart cry of mankind in all the world, preferable to arrange a program from and the leader brings Jesus, in His the leaflets, "Whither Bound," "Our own words, as the one who meets Greatest Crop," "A College Girl's every need. If the hymn, "I heard Summer Diary," "Little Gypsies of the Voice of Jesus Say" could be sung the Fruit." by a group representing many nations it would help to sustain the thought Women's Union Christian Colleges that Jesus is universal and meets the in Foreign Fields. There are leaflets needs of all mankind alike. on the work of each of these seven colleges and joint leaflets on the seven Following this comes a great period entitled "Share Your Education with of thanksgiving by personal testimony, the Women of the Orient," "New in prayer, and by bringing our gifts Ships for Old." "Seven Candles," a of thanksgiving through which He short dramatization of the work of may be made known to others. A these colleges is also available.* suggestion in advance of the meeting to various persons will avoid any loss Thinking, Through the ProgralU of time during the period of testi- mony. Jesus, as the world's Saviour, is the central thought running through- Following this comes the period of out the program. During the opening confession as we call to mind our failperiod of meditation as people are en- ure to lift Him up. This is too sacred tering the church, hymns centering a time to publicly voice personal conabout the Cross and Jesus as the fession, so each person is asked to do world's Saviour may be played softly so in silence before God, followed by -"In the Cross of Christ I Glory," directed prayer for our failures na- "Beneath the Cross of Jesus," "When tional, and international. I Survey the Wondrous Cross," "We Would See Jesus," "Jesus Saves," Weare led now into a very sacred "What a Friend We have in Jesus," part of the program. We hear the etc. call, "He Must Be Lifted Higher" and the challenge of Pentecost to per- After the call to prayer, the pro- sonal witnessing for Him, so in silence gram opens with the great hymn of we shall pray that He may have His exaltation, "All Hail the Power of own way with us. The hymn, "When I Jesus' Name." Then during a short Survey the Wondrous Cross" is played Scripture reading we meditate on softly, not sung unless it be the last what He was and what He did for the stanza only. world. Surely we shall then be ready to Through the messages from dif- renew our dedication to Him in the ferent nations and the antiphonal duet, words of David Livingstone and in the "Art Thou Weary" is visualized the song, "Oh, Love, That Will not Let Me unsatisfied longing of hearts every- Go." where for one who can satisfy. The latter may be made effective if one is After this renewed dedication of represented as a weary traveler sing- ourselves, we shall be ready to enter ing the questions, and the other a into the period of intercession for the world, bearing in mind that Christians * Materials on ((Indian lVorkJJ [HId 111ianwt in many lands all around the globe, are praying with us for these same needs. 1t'orf:. may be seenl'ed from the COU1I('il of 'Vouten for Home MissioH8, 105 E. :!:!d St., The call to renew the habit of per- Ne,,,, York City, und the materials for Ohri8tian sonal witnessing for Christ which Litwrahwe and lVotnen's Union Oolleges from comes to us during this nineteen hunthe Federation of "roman's Boards of ~~oreign dredth anniversary of Pentecost is bellissiollS, ~i19 Jj10urth Avenue, New York City.

ing answered by women and girls all as the Spirit of Thanksgiving might round the world, and we may go out preside, introducing herself, making from this service on the Day of Prayer an introductory statement, then calling with the consciousness that we are for personal testimonies. (By previous linked with them not only in prayer, appointment see that some are ready but also in this new fellowship of per- to respond immediately.) After this sonal witnessing, so with confidence she may direct prayer as suggested we can close our day with the hymn and receive the offering.

"Lead On, 0 King Eternal" and our The objects of the offering lend "World Family Prayer." themselves to presentation in the A Girl Tells of Plans for Girls form of living pictures. For example, the picture representing "Migrant In putting on the program for the Work" may consist of a mother, poorly World Day of Prayer for the young clad, carrying a large basket of vegeta- people of our city there was no exist- bles and several little children holding ing Federation of Young Women's to her skirts. The one for "Religious Missionary Societies, so we got in Education Directors in Government touch with pastors, and secured one Indian Schools" may be a youth, repre- outstanding young woman leader from senting an American Indian, and a each denomination. These with repre- teacher, studying the Bible together.

sentatives from the Y. W. C. A. and For "Christian Literature for Women churches for colored and foreign born and Children in Non-Christian Lands,"

constituted the general committee. one could have a group of women and At the first meeting an enthusiastic children dressed in Chinese, Japanese explanation of the World Day of and Indian costumes each with a mag- Prayer, and its widespread observance azine or book in her hand. The name was given. We went over the program on the magazine should be concealed.

together and discussed the suggested The "Seven Christian Colleges for plans. This general committee was Women in the Orient" could be repre- then dissolved into three subcom- sented by three girls in costume of mittees; program, publicity, and Japan, China and India, each carrying room-arrangement. (For committee a diploma. As these pictures are suggestions see "How We Made It shown some one should explain very Known," "Place of Meeting" and briefly what they represent.

Thinking Through the Program"). One city always plans a combined Every detail of the program must service with young people for their be carefully planned, if the service is evening session. A year ago a com- to be effective and worshipful. This mittee of young people, one from each makes the responsibility to the pro- church, was called together. After gram committee great. As the pro- plans were completed each one was gram for 1930 is studied carefully by asked to visit a church other than his this sub-committee it will be found or her own and invite the young to lend itself to touches of color. For people's groups to attend the service.

example, the part, "Jesus, the Desire They responded more than 200 strong, of All Nations," would be more effec- both white and negro races, meeting tive if, instead of it being read, it in an adjoining room for a few mo- would be presented by girls dressed ments of prayer.

to represent the students of the coun- They marched into the dimly lighted tries quoted. If there are representa- auditorium from the doors on either tives from these nations living in the side of the pulpit singing, "Onward community, use them. They could also Christian Soldiers," and carrying sing the hymn, "I Heard the Voice of lighted candles. They marched to the Jesus Say." rear of the church, down the outside For the part, "Let Us Give Thanks" aisles and came up the main aisle to a girl dressed in a pretty flowing robe the seats reserved for them. All stood

facing the audience while the whole When planning the program the congregation joined in singing, "All theme, "That They All May Be One,"

Hail the Power of Jesus' Name." used around the world, was followed, The young people took a prominent though the program was entirely dif- part in the evening program. ferent from the one prepared for the adult groups. It consisted of stories Children and the World Day of of children in many lands, with songs Prayer and prayers phrased in language During the past two or three years understandable by children and in be- a few communities have arranged half of children of all lands.

special services for the children on THE FOLLOWING Is ILLUSTRATIVE the World Day of Prayer. It is one of the finest opportunities in the whole Prelude-A medley of well-known hymns year to lead the childven of a com- played softly as children assemble. munity to think in world terms and of children of all races and nations as kin Hymn-Brightly Gleams the Banner. to themselves. Thinking back over Salute to the Christian flag and the flag of the United States-A Boy Scout and Girl Scout or Girl Reserve in uni- the plans made for one of these chil- form holding the flags.

dren's services we find a few sugges- Hymn-My Country 'Tis of Thee. Recitation-"If all the girls in the world tions which might be helpful to others. took hand, beginning with me, First, one who was working success- 'Twould make a line from sea to sea; fully with the children in one of the churches was made chairman. Then If all the boys took hands stretching from shore to shore, conferences were held with the paster 'Twould make a world of friendliness and children's worker of each of the where wars could be no more." churches, the executives of the Girl Call to Worship–Read in unison. Reserves of the Y. W. C. A., the Boy Hymn-We've a Story to tell to the Na- Scouts and Girl Scouts. Perhaps there would be other children's organiza- tions.

Story-Giving a glimpse of the life of children in China.

tions in your community that could be Prayer-Read by children with bowed approached-much enthusiasm was heads. (Phrased in language undercreated as al could see the tremendous standable by children and mentioning possibilities. The chairman was in children of other lands.) touch frequently with the leaders of the various groups for the two weeks Hymn-Saviour Like a Shepherd Lead Us.

Story-Telling of the unprivileged chilprevious to the Day of Prayer-so dren in the homeland.

the enthusiasm never waned. A meet- Prayer-Read by children with bowed ing of all these leaders to make first heads. (Special mention of newcomers plans and then another get-to-gether for checking up purposes a week be- to our land and others here who are fore the Day of Prayer helps tremen- in need.) Story-How the Artist Forgot Four Colors.-Margaret Applegarth.

dously. "Write-ups" in the church Hy'mn-In Christ There Is No East 01'

calendars and local newspapers; an- West. nouncements at meetings of children's Closing Pmye1'-By leader.

mission bands and in Sunday-schools As each child arrived he was given for two or three Sundays previous to a program on which were printed the the day; attractive posters on the prayers and words of the hymns so church bulletin boards-all brought that the service proceeded without anthe meeting to the attention of both nouncements. A song leader and a the children and their parents. It was gifted story teller contributed greatly. found advisable in all publicity to The program was completed in an hour link the children's meeting with the or perhaps a few minutes less so that other meetings being held for young people's and adult groups and to hold the children's interest was maintained al the services in the same church. throughout.

METHODS FOR WORKERS l}55

The following songs are exceedingly And crown thy good with brotherhood usable and e:lfective when used in From sea to shining sea. connection with an India Progralll. 0, beautiful for pilgrim feet INDIA'S SUNSET SONG Which suffer mortal pain, Tune: Jua.nita Who strive to find the way to God Now o'er the waters, °That way so clear and plain. B.urns the crimson afterglow, India, our India, God mend thine every flaw From a hundred temples, Make strong thy soul in self-control Fades the day so slow. Thy liberty in law. Where the Palm Tree rises Telling of a foreign strand 0, beautiful for patriot dream That sees beyond the years Turn our hearts in sorrow For this stranger land. Thine alabaster cities gleam India, sad India, °Undimmed by human tears. Let the dead years speak no more, India, our India, God shed His grace on thee India, sad India, And crown thy good with brotherhood Open now thy door. From sea to shining sea. Well may the sunset -Adapted by Mrs. Ferguson of Madra8 Leave the color mark of pain from "America the Beautiful." On sky and waters In its crimson stain. The followIng songs were written by Bishop Frederick Fisher and And where fiery sunbeams Rest on pyres where widows died Harry e. Knight, a young boy, after See we then the anguish each had visited Kalighat, the temple Centuries cannot hide. described by Katherine Mayo in Mother India. I secured them in Cal- Oh, how we're longing cutta. That you know the Prince of Peace A HYMN When He shall enter, Thou shalt find release Tune: Canonbury 01' Mary ton Methodist Hymnal 411 When the whole world's Saviour Lay beneath the Eastern Star Behold the millions in their tears Of sorrow, slave-hood, sin and shame: Saw you not your Day-spring Rising from afar? They grope through superstitious fears, Unloved, unknown is Jesus' name. India, 0 India, Dull worshippers of stones and trees, ° Lift your eyes from ruins old; Blind children of a blinder god; India, India, Weary, they crawl on hands and knees, Now thy Light behold. But know not why they toil and plod.

Far towards the sunset Gaunt women faint with loads of care, Lies a land to pilgrims dear, Unnurtured children fade and die, But alone in dreaming Nude pilgrims spend their lives in prayer, Do its shores appear. Yet find no answer to their cry.

Ah! the heart grows braver ° Master, of the ransomed life, Looking toward that Homeland shore, Give me the word to set them free, Let thy sweet calm replace their strife, And the time is coming When the sea's no more. Teach them the joy of trust in Thee.

India, our India. No cost too great to make them Thine- We would still with thee go on; These hungry crowds that seek in India, our India, o fiIl vain- with power divine, Onward toward thy dawn. Thy church INDIA, MY INDIA The clamoring millions to reclaim.

Tune: Matet'na -Frederick Fisher.

0, beautiful for azure skies, (Composed at Calcutta Tuesday, August For golden waves of grain, 30, 1921, on returning from Kalighat For snow-capped mountain majesties -famous Hindu shrine.) Above the palm-strewn plain.

0, India, my India, God shed His grace on thee

A PRAYER FOR INDIA center candle; each of the tables lights a candle before depositing the money. Tune: True-Hearted, Whole-Hearted The table having the most mite-box Father, Creator, Omnipotent Being, money has the pleasure of cutting the Save, Oh, we pray Thee, "mite-box cake" which has been hidden This land from sin's chain! in the large mite-box.

Give of thy grace and thy glorious teach- The music and five-minute program ing, provided by each table must be on the subject of mite-boxes. Souls of the heathen By love to regain. The following suggests the type of material to be used by tables. Chorus: Hark, they are crying! I paid for my hat, I paid for my gown, I paid for my coat I purchased down Out of the darkness Cometh a voice full of pleading to me, town, And when I returned, 'twas as plain as Hark, they are calling! Father, in kindness, could be Give us the wisdom to set them all free. A mite-box for Him, and a band-box for Father, Creator, Thou Heavenly Ruler, me. Send to thy followers Thy bountiful grace; I tossed in a dime but it did not seem right That, full of love and Thy wonderful power, I was not proud of that, 'twas a curious sight. We may help heathen To see Jesus' face. I took out my check book, I wished to be on the square Chorus: Hark, they are crying! etc. I wanted my giving to look like my prayer. -Harry C. Knight. The Mite-Bol< Opening TWO MITE-BOX SUGGESTIONS MRS. RAuBENALT, Ashland, Ohio A Mite-Box Party Last year a mite-box came to you Representing the four seasons, Winter, 'Twas empty, pale and sad; Spring, Summer and Fall. It held one tiny seed of hope The Winter Table. That you would make it glad. Covered with white crepe paper and (empty mite-box is shown) decorated with Christmas trees and It thought, perchance, 'twould be its lot Poinsettias. To sit all year and mope The Spring Table. But when you said, "I'll do my best" Covered with green and pink crepe Your interest roused its hope.

paper, cut out flowers, bluebirds and (tiny flower pot, no green visible, butterflies. Wax some butterflies and labelled, "Interest") put on the flowers. Use a little hoe, rake and shovel tied together and stand Thanksgiving came with merry cheer them up. Put a seed catalogue by them. For blessings great and small: The Summer Table. Your heart was filled with gratitude The mite-box felt them all. Covered with red, white and blue crepe paper. (larger pot, with green plant, labelled "Gratitude") The Fall Table. Use a paper table cloth with turkeys, You learned of sisters far away Now struggling towards God's light; apples, peaches and fruit in it; autumn leaves will add beauty. Your mite-box held the Sacrifice You made to help their plight. Each table in turn reports the number in attendance, its amount of mite- (larger pot with plant with buds on box money and the amount per capita. labelled, "Sacrifice") The one dressed as a mite-box writes When spring proclaims the Love of God this on a blackboard and the table chair- In everything that grows man takes the mite-box money to the head table and drops it in a large, Remembering those who know him not, beautifully decorated mite-box resem- Your mite-box overflows. bling a cake. Have on it five large candles. As the first table representative (blooming plant marked, "Love") is approaching the President lights the This mite-box held a seed of hope, Your love has made it grow.

We dedicate it now to Him From Whom all blessings flow.

(full mite-box)

METHODS FOR- WORKERS

INCREASING SUBSCRIPTIONS in his heart that he would not defile him- self.-Dan. 1: 8. Send to the Women's Missionary eociety of the United Lutheran Church "I wouln he true, for there are those in America, 723 Muhlenberg Building, who trust me." 1228 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pa., for a copy of Wave Length. Have *** your slips ready for subscriptions. Youth and Pleasure-She that liveth OUR MISSIONARY MAGAZINE in pleasure is dead while she liveth.- 1 Tim. 5: 6. Tune: Old Kentucky Home "God calling yet! shall I not hear? The sun shines bright on the missionary Earth's pleasures, shall I still hold field, dear?" The harvest is rip'ning today; But who will reap, if we never see it ** grow, Youth and Opportunity-So then as And who will bear the sheaves away? we have opportunity, let us work that And gaze on that glorious scene; which is good toward men.-Gal. 6: 10. Go up an~ stand on the mountain top "Sowing in the morning, today, Sowing seeds of kindness." And the glass that will bring all the dis- Youth and the* C"all "to Service-And tant harvest nigh, Is our splendid magazine. he said unto them, Follow me and I will make you fishers of men. . Chorus "Jesus calls us o'er the tumult." Wait no more, my lady! Oh, come sub- scribe today! ** For our magazine is the best you've ever Youth and Consecration-Also I heard seen, the voice of the Lord, saying, Whom shall I send and who will go for us? Then said And it's more than worth the price that I, Here am I; send me.-Isaiah 6: 8. you will pay. "Just as I am, Thine own to be Come down and toil in the harvest on the Friend of the young, who lovest plain, me."

For, Oh, the laborers are few! ** For it's only love that can garner in the Youth and Friendship-There is a grain, friend that sticketh closer than a And there's surely a corner left for brother.-Prov. 18: 24.

you! "Jesus is all the world to me." If you work all day in the Master's ** golden field, Who knows what a sheaf you can Youth and Wisdom-Study to show thyself approved unto God, a workman glean? that needeth not to be ashamed, rightly And the sickle so bright that is ready for dividing the word of truth.-2 Tim. 2: 15. your hand Is our interesting magazine. "Break Thou the Bread of Life."

The following took first prize at *** Chautauqua Institute of Foreign Missions, August, 1929, for the best De- Youth and Giving-Freely ye have revotional Service method. ceived, freely give.-Matt. 10: 8.

Mrs. J. H. Rush, its author, lives in "I gave my life for thee, What hast Ontario, Canada. Be sure to pass this thou given for me?" on to your young people. >I< >I< >I< Youth in Scripture and Song Youth and Vision-Where there is no Youth and Worship—Give unto the vision, the people perish.-Prov. 29: 18. Lord the glory due unto his name; worship his name; worship the Lord in the "Open mine eyes, that I may see." beauty of holiness.-Psalm 29: 2. >I< >I< >I< "Crown Him with many crowns." Youth and Courage-Watch ye, stand " … … fast in the faith, quit you like men, be strong.-1 Cor. 16: 13. Youth and Purpose-Daniel purposed "Be strong! we are not here to play, to dream, to drift."

*** Youth and Missions-Other sheep have I which are not of this fold; them also I must bring, and they shall hear my voice; and there shall be one fold and one shepherd.-John 10: 16.

"Christ for the world we sing, The world to Christ we bring!"

WOMAN'S HOl1E AND FOREIGN

COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS AND FEDERATION OF WOMAN'S BOARDS OF FOREIGN MISSIONS PARTNERS IN PRAYER say, "The harvest truly is plenteous, World Day of Prayer, March 7. 1930 but the laborers are few. Pray ye It is a wonderful privilege to be a therefore" ! partner in the World Day of Prayer. What we need to guard against is the proneness to limit ourselves to a Who can measure its values? It is itself the product of prayer set day of united prayer. Rather shall which by the new vision of the world the day be the expression of the habit field united home and foreign mission of our lives, that we may always think of </urselves as members one of andays of prayer into one throughout other, humbly and gratefully saying, this land, and then extended the fel- "Our Father," and so joining in a unilowship to include Christian women . son of prayer, that the day may be 'round the world. hastened for which Christ himself Its fellowship overlaps all barriers prayed, "That they all may be one …. of race, color, national and class pride. that the world may believe." It includes the shut-in and the traveler, as well as those who assemble. Where MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD, meetings are held, prayers may be President, Council of Women offered in various languages; though for Home Missions.

the words are strange, the spirit that DEAR WORLD FRIENDS: animates them is understood by all. Those of different race and color and In the twelfth chapter of John's creed are seated side by side. National Gospel, Jesus, the World's Saviour, antagonisms are swept away by the excuses Mary's anointing of his feet. rising tide of Christian understand- The high priests are consulting to kill ing and good will. The inclusiveness him. The Christ rides into J erusaof Christ's love becomes an actual ex- lem; many who did not know Jesus perience. Sympathy is quickened to desired to see him. Jesus foretells active friendliness for the immigrant, His death. Many chief rulers believe, the oppressed and disadvantaged in but do not confess Him; therefore our own country, and the unprivileged Jesus calls earnestly for those who beand religiously destitute of every land, lieve in Him to confess Him openly. that they may learn of the love and It was at this hour that the Christ power of the compassionate Christ. gave to them and to us the key to the world's salvation: "And I, if I be In the spotlight of united prayer lifted up from the earth, will draw all the task which Christ has committed persons unto me." to His Church is more clearly seen, more fully apprehended. New methods Our World Day of Prayer, March are born, old ones adapted to meet 7, 1930, is to be one of sincere confes- present needs. United prayer leads sion and loving witnessing. Let us, as to cooperative effort. loyal daughters of our Heavenly All over the world the missionaries Father, set aside this day as Holy unto who bear the Gospel are heartened by the Lord. Every morning at sunrise, the consciousness that they are sup- until that day, let us study our own ported by the prayers of the Church lives, asking devoutly that the Holy at home. Prayer calls forth new mes- Spirit may lead and guide us into all sengers also, sends reinforcements in- truth.

to the ranks. Did not Jesus, our Lord, Preparation for this great and spe- 958 cial day of witnessing should be made FRIDAY. That the spirit of love may in an atmosphere of deep consecration, rule in the affairs of men, and that whether in colleges, high schools, day through a better understanding all :t:aces schools, or in churches and chapels. may be drawn into a universal brother- hood.

Let us all pray that March seventh SATURDAY. That in 1930, on this may indeed be another Pentecost. 1900th anniversary of Pentecost, the Christian Church in all lands may ex- Yours in bonds of service, perience anew the power of the Holy MRS. F. 1. JOHNSON, Spirit, and that Jesus may again be lifted up through a revival of the simple President, Federation of Woman's daily witnessing of His followers. Boards of Foreign Missions of North America. Pray Ye Therefore A Call to Prayer Many have been observing the noon- tide in prayer for peace, the sunset "And I, if I be lifted up from the hour each Sabbath as a time of prayer, earth, will draw all men unto me."- and now are setting aside the first John 12: 32. waking moments of each day for medi- tation and communion, for spiritual You are earnestly invited to join infilling in order more perfectly to with Christians of all lands in a World witness by word and life. Fellowship of prayer on March 7, 1930, by attending the service in your Has the "Call to Prayer" been discommunity on that day; also to unite tributed in your church, and throughwith others in "daily prayer with one out your acquaintanceship so that all accord during this 1900th anniversary may be joining in this daily cycle of of Pentecost. prayer? If not, it would be weli to get a supply immediately-it is free. "Evening and morning, and at noon Is the 1900th anniversary of Pentewill I pray * * * and he shall hear my cost claiming the attention of those in your area? The leaflet, "The Birthday voice."-Psalm 55: 17. of the Church" will aid in focusing though on this wonderful privilege of The following subjects for prayer, personally announcing the glad tidwhich were outlined for us by a young ings of more abundant life. woman of the Philippines, may well claim our waking moments each new day: SUNDAY. That all those in the Have plans been completed for pro- Church of Christ may, in preparation motion of the World Day of Prayer for the World Day of Prayer, March 7, in your community? Has a sufficiimt 1930, give themselves earnestly to the number of posters been procured to ministry of intercession. place one in each church, the Y. W. C. A., store windows, offices and other MONDAY. That we may be filled places of prominence? If not, they with the spirit of the Master, and may had better be secured at an early date manifest the devotion and sacrifice of the –10 cents each. early disciples, among them, women, who followed Him. Are the little seals being used on personal and official, social and busi- TUESDAY. That the Light of God's ness correspondence by all in your dis- Word may dawn upon the minds and trict? If not, why not start right guide the lives of all earnest seekers away-they are 25 cents per 100, $1.75 after righteousness. per 1,000.

WEDNESDAY. That there be an Have arangements been made for a awakening among Christians to their devotional service on the part of the opportunity to witness for Christ, and leaders and committee in charge prior that those who have not yet come to to the observance? The Service of know the Lord may find Him through Consecration "Looking Unto Jesus" a vital Christian experience. has been prepared to meet this need. Only two are required-10 cents each. THURSDAY. That the Youth of the World may consecrate all their powers to the building of God's Kingdom and may with rejoicing testify to Him and His power through their lives and message.

Do you know that a picture of each of women's, young people's and chilof the four projects designated for dren's groups, whether church, club special interest and gifts is included or social. with the program this year'! To be sure to have enough programs for all, Will all shut-ins and those in hospiplace the order early to avoid a dis- tals and institutions have a share in appointment-$1.75 per 100. the blessing of the observance? That is contingent upon distribution to them Will the meeting place be filled to of the "Call to Prayer" card and the capacity? That will partly depend program. upon local publicity. Do not forget to make plans early to utilize radio, news- Are we expecting an outpouring of papers, church pulpits, weekly calen- the Holy Spirit on the World Day of dars, bulletin boards and all meetings Prayer? "Ask and ye shall receive."

:B-'OREIGN MISSION BULLETIN THE NEW SECRETARY en's organized work in the church. Miss Tyler conducted the discussions At the November meeting of the of the conference with marked ability. executive committee of the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Mis- Miss Tyler's family home is in East sions, Miss, Florence G. Tyler was Aurora, N. Y., but for several years elected to the office of executive sec- she has lived in Tenafly, N. J. Her retar;y, left vacant since the death of church affiliations are Presbyterian. Miss Ella D. McLaurin in July. ANNUAL MEETING Miss Tyler comes to this position with excellent equipment for the task. The annual meeting of the Federa- Her training for organizational work tion of Woman's Boards of Foreign and her wide acquaintance with church Missions will be held at Atlantic City, women in all parts of the country were January 11-14, 1930. Mrs. Katharine gained first in the five years from 1915 Willard Eddy, chairman ,of the Proto 1920 when she was traveling young gram Committee, has issued a prepeople's secretary of the Presbyterian liminary announcement of the program, (U. S. A.) Board of Foreign Missions. which bids fair to be a most interest- The next five years she traveled among ing and inspiring one. the colleges as joint student secretary for the Presbyterian Board of Foreign The theme chosen is Spiritual Fac- Missions and the Woman's Board of tors and one of the meetings will be Home Missions (now the Board of Na- a forum on worship as a part of the tional Missions). In 1926 she resigned technique of religion. It is expected from this position to become secretary that the use of music as a means of of the cooperating committee of the worship will be especially stressed. Women's Union Christian Colleges of Dr. Rollin Walker has been asked to the Orient, and closed her work with give a series of addresses based on that organization only when the com- his new book, Jesus and the Present mittee went out of existence in Janu- Day. At one of the meetings Mrs. ary of this year. Henry W. Peabody will present the plan for a World Fellowship of Chris- In May, Miss Tyler acted as presid- tian Women. ing officer of the Presbyterian Conference of One Hundred Women A special feature on one evening meeting in St. Paul, Minn., which was will be a dinner at which women from called by the General Council of that other countries will be the guests of church to consider changes in the ec- honor and the speakers. Some recent clesiastical status of women within the international gatherings including the denomination and the future of wom- recent Evangelical Conference at Havana, the meeting of the Institute of Pacific Relations held in Tokyo in

J WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

October and November, and the meet- be presented by speakers who attended ing of the World's Y. W. C. A. will these conferences.

HOME MISSION BULLETIN BOOTH SHARED BY THE Y. W . C. A., THE W. C. T. U., AND THE COUNCIL 01<' WOM]1)N FOR ITOMg MISf'IONS INTERESTING THE UNINTERESTED Amid displays of fashions and service being rendered in Christ's foods, household appliances and arti- name. For a whole week folk flowed cles of all sorts at the Exposition of by. Results, who can measure? Women's Arts and Industries at the Hotel Astor, New York City, Septem- One afternoon a church women's ber 30th-October 1st, one discovered a booth thirty feet long shared by the forum was held, presided over by Mrs. Young Women's Christian Association, Fred S. Bennett, a former President Council of Women for Home Missions of the Council. Nine hundred churches and Woman's Christian Temperance in Greater New York received an- Union. Here attractively arranged nouncement for the church calendar were artistic posters, samples of lit- and pulpit notice. erature and pictures of projects. And what of the unseen audience As women not particularly or not at that listened to the program on the all interested in missionary activities air? On Wednesday morning, Septempassed, they stopped to look at the flags of many nations or the illumi- ber 11th, over WGBS the Executive nated cross flanked by the Christian Secretary of the Council told of the and American flags and were greeted work and on Wednesday afternoon, by the hostesses who described the October 2d, Mrs. Orrin R. Judd, Presi- dent, spoke over WOR. On both days 5 the Y. W. C. A. and W. C. T. U. also presented their activities.

This was the fourth time the Council youth of the American Indian race had an exhibit at this annual Exposi- shall walk "the Jesus road"; we are tion. It is realized that a changing longing that all "citizens of tomorrow" world demands changing methods. To may be strengthened in body, mind and go out into the highways and byways soul. You are privileged to have a to make disciples now means not only share in enriching and gladdening to conduct mission stations, churches, these lives through your gifts on schools, hospitals, community and Golden Rule Sunday, December 8th. social service centers, to print books It will serve to make more joyous and prepare programs for missionary your celebration of that greatest gift groups, to address gatherings in of all, the child Jesus. churches and schools of missions, but means as well lifting the Cross in ANNUAL MEETING PLANS crowded commercial circles and sending the good news speeding over in- Again the Annual Meetings of the visible air waves to unseen hearers. Home Missions Council and Council of Women for Home Missions will be We would recommend to missionary held in Atla"ntic City. On January 7th women in other districts participation to 8th meetings will be held of the in similar expositions in their cities Commissions of the North American and in county fairs as a rewarding and Home Missions Congress in preparasatisfying experience. tion for the Congress itself which comes in December, 1930, in Washing- GOLDEN RULE SUNDAY ton, D. C.

Many have, through these latter The evening of the 8th, the Annual years, been observing Golden Rule Meetings of the Councils will open Sunday annually in December as a day with a session devoted to Mormonism, of self-denial when special gifts are the 100th Anniversary of Mormonism made for those less fortunate. It has occurring in 1930. The Highlanders been decided that this custom continue of the South will be considered in joint to be fostered, the underprivileged session on Thursday evening. childhood of the world to be the recipients. People are asked to have a Separate daytime sessions of the frugal meal that day and to give Council of Women for Home Missions generously. will be occupied with reports and discussions on the many varied activi- One of the major projects selected ties-missionary education through for these gifts this year is the work literature, student work, international conducted by the Council of Women relations, legislative matters, law enfor Home Missions among migrant forcement, World Day of Prayer, confamily groups. Religious work in ferences and schools of missions, Government Indian schools, also con- women's local and state interdenomiducted by that Council, is another of national groups-and a joint business the projects for which gifts will be session of the two Councils will remade. Donors may specify toward ceive reports on Indian Work, City and what specific activity gifts are to be New Americans and other items. used. All gifts made through the Golden Rule Foundation will go in en- The prayers of all church women tirety to the objects specified, no de- are earnestly requested during the duction being made. The overhead days of preparation and especially on expenses of the Foundation are met January 8th-10th while the Annual from other sources. Meetings will be in session-that deci- sions shall be Divinely guided and all We are longing that more abundant that is done be in accordance with His life shall come to the little folk in the holy will "that they all may be one," families that harvest the crops so that "that Jesus may be lifted up," and to we may have fruits and vegetables the furtherance of the complete comon our tables; we are longing that the ing of His Kingdom on earth.

tion to this, more than a half a

A, Children's Crusade tracts were handed out.

FIFTEEN European countries have Helping French Protestants formed Committees on W 0 rId Friendship Among Children, similar THE French Protestant churches are in many ways to the American Com- faced with the cumulative difficulty mittee that has carried through the of the migration of their members two friendship projects with Japan from rural districts to the industrial and Mexico. The International Com- centers and to Paris. Some of the' mittee now includes eighteen coun- most fruitful centers are in districts tries, and it is hoped that a project in where the soil is very poor, and the which the children' of these countries temptation to go where they could will unite can be developed during earn higher wages was not to be re- 1931. England has already appointed sisted. But in the industrial areas and the officers and members of her Com- the great cities these people found mittee and plans to carryon a project themselves scattered among an unsymduring 1930 with the children of some pathetic population, practically pagan, European country. Holland and Bel- largely inclined to communism and acgium have agreed on the wisdom of tively hostile to all religion. They ofan exchange goodwill project between ten found themselves miles from the the children of the two countries.- nearest Protestant church. It was very Federal Council Bulletin. difficult to follow them up and keep in touch with them.

Belgian Gospel Mission The Protestant churches, many of which were destroyed in the war and THIS Mission recently made a test their supporters ruined, have had a at a Sunday meeting in Brussels. hard struggle to maintain themselves. There were about three hundred peo- With the greatest efforts the minimum ple present, and when, at the close, pastor's stipend was only £80 a year, they were asked how many had been and the average manse family was brought to Christ through the instru- four children.-The Christian. mentality of the Mission, some two hundred and twenty-five arose. This Girls' School Obtains New Site was a single testimony at one station.

Last year they were able to open four THE gift of $10,000 has made pos- new posts and dedicated three new sible a new site for the American halls. Today they have forty-three College for Girls in Athens. It con- posts at which services are regularly sists of 16 acres in a new suburb called held. Elleniko, on the sea front about four From the standpoint of Bible dis- miles beyond Old Phaleron where the tribution, one year's record will indi- college now occupies temporary quarcate how much the Mission has been tera, and about six miles from the city instrumental in circulating the Word of Athens. The location is remark- of God. Last year alone they dis- ably lovely, with the dark shoulders of tributed eleven hundred and twenty- Mount Hymettus as a background and nine Bibles, fourteen thousand New the marvelous blue iEgean in front.

Testaments, one hundred and three The village of Elleniko, with about thousand Scripture portions. In addi- 150 houses erected and 300 going up, 963

is being occupied for the most part by Youth in the Balkans professional people-doctors, lawyers, engineers,-graduates of Robert Col- ACCORDING to a statement made by lege and the American College for .t. Dr. W. R. Visser 'tHooft, of Girls of Constantinople, a highly congenial neighborhood. This site could Geneva, the immediate spiritual probnot have been secured but for the co- lem of holding the youth to the Church operation of the Greek government and is particularly acute in the Balkan the Refugee Settlement Commission. countries. The spread of modern Funds to erect new buildings will now secular civilization to the Balkans is a be the objective.-Record of Christian relatively new phenomenon, and is Work. coming with such swiftness as to make the task of the Church extraor- Conditions Change in France dinarily difficult. Orthodox Churches are only beginning to develop pro- DR. CHARLES MERLE D'AU- grams of religious education adapted to modern needs. According to Dr. – BIGNE, in the 83d annual report Visser 't Hooft, however, the most farof the World's Evangelical Alliance of seeing leaders in the 0 r tho d 0 x London, speaks of changed conditions Churches are awake to the situation in France since the Great War. and are trying to arouse their con- stituencies to deal with it effectively. "The materialistic and agnostic Especially in Greece are progressive philosophy .which with Taine and forces under way where the Brother- Renan had reigned supreme during 50 hood (Zoe), a group of young men years has been replaced by another who are devoting themselves to the infinitely more respectful of the tenets task of vitalizing the Christian reof the Christian faith, and mindful of ligion, is having a great influence, the spiritual nature of man. The Ro- through its schools and its publication man Catholic Church, which had lost of literature. In the present transiits hold on the mass of the French peo- tion period, Dr. Visser 't Hooft feels ple, is developing a remarkable ac- that the three Christian youth movetivity in all spheres of human enter- ments-the Y. M. C. A., the Y. W. prise, social, political, scientific, and C. A., and the World Christian Stumore than all, literary; and by the dent Federation-have a unique part zeal of its priests, its work among the to play in the Near East.-Federal young, its schools and colleges, its mis- Council Bulletin. sions and retreats, the strengthening of its sacramental action, it is en- AFRICA deavoring,. and has in a great measure succeeded, in retrieving the losses it Black Jews of Abyssinia made during the last half century. The working classes and peasantry are MISSIONARY work among the still generally indifferent or hostile, Falashas or Black Jews was bebut the well-to-do and educated are gun by the Church Missionary Sobeing won back rapidly to the influence ciety before 1838, for in that year the of the Church. .:r'his change of atmos- missionaries were banished. The work phere is naturally affecting our own was again resumed in 1855, and in work. The days are past when mass 1859 the London Jews' Society sent movements towards Protestantism took out a worker. From 1864 to 1868 the place among the Roman Catholic pop- missionaries were thrust into prison. ulation and ex-priests sought admit- Until 1923 no work was carried on tance into our Reformed ministry. among the Black Jews, but since then Our propaganda has to adapt itself to the London Jews' Society has kept its the new conditions, and our enrolment workers in the field. Rev. Thomas of converts has to be made one by Chalmers, Editor of The Jewish Misone." 8io~wry Magazine, states that the Black Jews have evidently been in Abyssinia since before the days of

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Christ. Their worship is modeled tents, with a staff of one doctor and after the Tabernacle, with its altar and his wife, a woman missionary and dissacrifices, and not after the synagogue. penser, three Egyptian catechists, nine They are unfamiliar with the Feasts dressers and servants. of Purim and Dedication, which points to a separate existence since before "Some 200 people had assembled, the days of Esther. Missionaries of having tethered their donkeys and the London Jews' Society, now at camels, then came in turn to the rework among the Black Jews of ception tefit, where they registered Western Abyssinia, have just cele- and received a message in Arabic. brated their diamond Jubilee. From there they go to another tent for examination, then treatment. In a Populations Decimated small tent minor operations are made, more serious cases being sent to Old I N ONE small area of Africa alone, Cairo. Of the three catechists,. one with a population of three and one stays in camp, the other's visit villages half millions, there were recorded, in in the vicinity. the first three months of 1925, no fewer than 200,000 deaths from Re- "Before they leave the camp patients lapsing Fever and Cerebro-spinal are given the little pamphlets prepared Meningitis. Large areas have been by Dr. Harpur dealing with simple almost entirely denuded of population hygiene and treatment, written in diafrom the ravages of sleeping sickness. logue form. In this way a beginning In some parts of Africa the entire is made towards dispelling the utter population is affected with hookworm ignorance which in countless cases is and others with yaws. There are the cause of so much of Egypt's suf- 32,000 known lepers in the Northern fering and disease. They are also giv- Provinces of Nigeria and a mild esti- en copies of the Gospels and Epistles mate places the lepers in the Southern written in the colloquial Arabic spoken Provinces at 100,000. Malaria, yellow in the Delta country, and in this way fever, blackwater fever, plague (which the lessons of the camp are driven is mostly bubonic), smallpox, phythisis home for those who hear them, and (which is unfortunately rapidly in- through them passed on to villages far creasing), dysentery, and diarrhrea, and wide."-C. M. S. Gleaner. venereal diseases, etc., give rise to a mass of suffering, and sadly depreciate "ANight Life in Johannesburg the manhood which is the real wealth UNIVERSITY of crime!" The of any people. Mention must also be late Dr. Frederick B. Bridgman made of the diseases of women and t h u s characterized Johannesburg, children: the high mortality in preg- South Africa. Miss Mabel E. Emernancy and among infants in the first son, foreign secretary of the Amerifew weeks of life. In one place the can Board, confirms this description estimate of the infants dying within in The Congregationalist. the first three weeks of life was placed at 9 in every 10. In many places the "Hundreds of thousands of black infant mortality is known from sta- men and boys are recruited annually tistical data to be 480 per 1,000.- from all over South Africa to work "Conquest by Healing" Report. in these mines. These men come, usually under a nine months' contract, Medical CaDlp in Nile Delta and furnish the cheap labor which makes the mines pay the white man. OLD Cairo Hospital maintains a So high does racial hatred run in medical camp near Mit Ghamr, South Africa that the black man is desome fifty-five miles up in the heart barred by law from any skilled labol', of the Nile country. Rev. G. H. Har- however well he may be able to perris, editorial secretary of the C. M. S., form it. tells of a vlsit to this camp of fifteen "These thousands of black miners live like prisoners in the great bar-

racks of the mine compounds. There, "tell me the story you're telling in the segregated, .they are without the re- villages; I feel my sin; I must get straints of home and tribe, and often rid of my sin; I must know God. Ma adopt all the vice of 'civilization.' Risasi, tell me the story you've been Johannesburg offers splendid oppor- telling in the villages." tunity for speedy development along these lines." She told of the sacrifice on the Cross, explained the hope of Heaven. The Bantu Men's Social Center, The power of sin waR broken; a new founded and conducted by Rev. Ray dynamic came in. Since then he has E. Phillips, offers to these African been witnessing. He is learning to boys and young men recreational, edu- read, though probably fifty years old; cational and religious opportunities. he has started a school in his village; Gymnasium, lunch rooms, n i g h t and four months after his conversion, classes and clean movies fill the week. made a profound and absolute dedica- Phillips works closely with the Cham- tion of himself to God.' At the conber of Mines and the mine owners. ference six months later, when Masaba He has established circuits of moving rose to lead in public prayer, it was pictures which are shown in the com- the sensation of the day among the pounds. three thousand natives gathered to- gether to wait upon God for ever- One film, "From the Manger to the widening revival. Cross," is shown especially" on Sunday evenings. Reverent, silent when they The Church in Tangale should be silent, singing gloriously as the hymns were shown on the screen, MISSIONARY work for the Tanthe 3,000 men gathered in the com- gale tribe was begun early in pound made an impressive picture. 1917. In 1925 a small building was put up for a school at Kaltungo. One Congo Cannibal Won of the first converts taught the Gospel at Biliri, where interest steadily grew W F. ROADHOUSE, in the Sun- until in 1928 some 80 young people • day-School Times, tells of Ma- were enrolled, and a second station saba, employed twenty-five years ago was opened. This growth was con- tinued, until the past year saw 150 by Congo officials to commandeer rub- young men and about 50 young women enrolled in a Christian school. Each ber gatherers, men or women. He Sunday, from two to four hundred gather for worship, a feature of each had authority, and when men would service being testimony giving. At the Wednesday night prayer-meetings, not go with him to work, he would one has to be prompt to be among those who pray aloud. In one of the shoot them down, cut them up, put villages, the young men have put up their own building for school and them in a pot, add palm oil, cook them, chapel. In all, fifteen schools are now in operation. The most encouraging and eat them. He ate his hundred! feature of the work is the way the Christians are zealously carrying it All the natives knew him. He was forward the m s e I v e s.-Evangelical Christian. also the executioner for his chief, WESTERN ASIA hacking off men's heads, and was Turkey and Manual Labor known as the most cruel monster in I N TURKEY, work was formerly all that Congo country. .. looked upon as degrading, but to- day the Turks are reaching out eagerly In December, 1927, he carne to the Deti Hill station, directed by the"Heart of Africa Mission, and inquired for Ma Risasi (Miss Mary Rees, whose African name means Miss Bullets, because she shoots the Gospel so fast).

She treks down among the villages around Deti, alone, wades the streams, tackles big black men about their sins, preaches about hell and Heaven and God's requirement of righteousness.

"Ma Risasi," said this merciless black,

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

for more knowledge of how to do reports that he is about to establish a things with their hands, and do them new Baptist Church at Cana, where skilfully. When the American College Christ performed His first miracle. in Tarsus was reopened after the war Converts number more than twenty, and Turkish boys began to attend as and come chiefly from people who pupils, one dignified officer brought have not been identified with other rehis son, saying, "I and my father and ligious bodies. Baptists of the South grandfather were government officers, purpose to further extend their 'work but I want my son to get out of this throughout Palestine. life and earn his bread with his hands. Show him how to work." The Persian Church Slowly mechanical devices are being T HE work of evangelizing Persia adopted, and machinery installed, but has become a vital and well-organlarge factories are few and skilled ized campaign, dating from the interworkmen in these are largely foreign church conference in Ispahan in 1927. and not native Turks. This hurts the At this conference the ground work pride of Turkish leaders and makes for future complete union of the them more eager to receive help from churches was laid and a representative America in the form of schools teach- committee formed, which met in 1928 ing trades and industries. to make plans for a beginning of the evangelization of Persia by the native Rev. Paul E. Nilson, in charge of church. Also, four young men were the school at Talas, points out that in appointed by the Persian Church, conhis opinion the greatest contribution stituting the first board of home misto the Christianization of Turkey is sions in Persia. This board has sent not in teaching the young men various to all the churches detailed suggestions trades, but in helping them to be for enlisting every member in the honest workmen. The training in the work of spreading the Gospel-a work use of tools must be accompanied by which has been supported by the the teaching of those elements of char- churches throughout Persia. Misacter which make for a good and sionaries and native Christians now honest workman. Easy-going and go on walking or cycling tours through careless laborers; leaders who accept the country, depending on conversabribes and steal capital; both work- tions with Moslem fellow travelers and men and leaders with no sense of distribution of the literature which duty, punctuality or exactness; lack they carry for their work of converof cleanliness in using equipment; sion. A beginning in bazaar preachlack of confidence between partners ing has been made with caution in and lack of organization in industry some localities. The problem of rural have been very active factors in caus- evangelization is being studied and ing the downfall of native industrial methods devised for its solution. Perprojects in T u l' key. – Missionary sians are in some ways fickle folk. Herald. They constantly need something fresh to stimulate their enthusiasm, and Baptists in Galilee they soon tire of a new idea, yet both in church and out of church there is T HE Baptist Church in Nazareth unmistakable proof that many lives reports a Sunday-school with an are found again in Christ Jesus. average attendance of 235 maintained Among all the Persian Christians by the Southern Baptists of the United there is a readiness and confidence in States. It stands near the traditional prayer to which they respond magsite of that synagogue in which Jesus nificently should some sudden call Christ, returning from Capernaum, arise.-ConfJrr.qati()nab:~t Chu1'ch Migread the Bible lesson3 as described by Luke. The organization is rapidly be- sionary Outlook. coming self-supporting, and the pastor

INDIA eastern horizon) and when I get to Congress Considers "Untouehables" Dalat, the god of heaven is there"

T HE Working Committee of the In- (pointing to the western sky). dian National Congress is advocat- There are said to be anywhere from ing the following measures for the two to six millions of the Moi, yet removal of untouchability: there is not one missionary or even a (1) Throwing open Hindu temples native Annamese evangelist anywhere to the so-called untouchables by ap- among them.-Alliance Weekly.

proaching their managing trustees, etc.; Christ's Ethical Standards M (2) Throwing open of public drink- R. H. C. BALASUNDARAM, writ- ing in the Indian Witness, gives ing-water wells for the use of the socalled untouchables; the following testimony to the influ- (3) Throwing open public schools ence of Christianity in India: to the children of untouchables without A very valued Hindu friend in South distinction; India is at the head of a large banking concern. In the course of conversation I (4) Better living and sanitary habi- askl:!d him if he did not take very great tations for the untouchables; risks in advancing large sums of money to his constituents. He explained the (5) Instruction in sanitation and long p,rocess before any sum is given. hygiene; "But,' said he, "after the lawyer and the inspector have submitted their re- (6) Weaning the untouchables from ports I have a talk with the man. If in the evil habits of using carrion and the course of the talk I get the impresdrink.-The Congregationalist. sion that the man is unreliable I refuse to make the advance." He ended by say- A Degraded Race ing that after all the one thing which Counts with us in the bank is "char- T HE Moi of French Indo-China are acter." Another Hindu friend saying somewhat like the lowest type of goodbye to me said "Follow Jesus al- North American Indians. Ethnologists ways." These are just two examples out consider them the most degraded race of many which' can be paralleled in the on the earth. They are the original experiences of almost every Christian inhabitants of this land, but were driv- worker, indicating that the accepted canen into the mountains by the Chinese on of conduct in business and public life and Hindus three thousand years ago, is the Christ's conduct. It is not merely when they began the admixture of the adoption of the Christian standard, races which resulted in the Annamese. but the perpetual basking in that sun- Between the Moi and the Annamese is shine that counts. Nothing else is comthe bitterest hate, fear on the part of patible with the best interests of the individual and the community.

the Moi, and contempt on the part of the Annamese. An Undermanned Field I The Moi cannot count more than two F THE Moslem population of India received its proportionate quota of or three, and have no way of measuring distance or time except by the sun. missionaries as compared with the A Moi chieftain was asked how far Hindu population, nearly twelve hun- away he lived. He said he lived down dred missionaries would be devoting the road a long way. As every road themselves to the Mohammedans, but is well marked with milestones every out of 6,027 missionaries in this area kilometre, with names and distances only about 35 have had specialized clearly painted, he was asked how training for work among Moslems, and many kilometres away. He did not most of these are in Central and North know, and could not count the stones. India. At present there are only three Then. – (he understood Annamese or four men missiona1-ies (and two of well) how many hours it took to get them well beyond the age of retire- there. He pointed to the sun and said: ment) for over three and a half mil- "When I leave home, the god of heaven /.ions of Moslemll in South India,- al- is just coming up (pointing to the though the Church of England Zenana

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Mission and other societies in Madras these areas serve to show the impor- Presidency and Mysore State are doing tance of this work. In the Telugu work among Mohammedan women and country there are 68,000 baptized ad- girls. Moslems in South India form herents, 45,000 are u-nder instruction six per cent of the whole population. for baptism, and on the average 7,000 The great importance of India for are baptized annually. The figures mission work among Moslems has been under the corresponding heads for summarized by Dr. Zwemer: Travancore are 38,000, 2,900, and 700; "It is the largest Moslem country in and for the Punjab 37,000, 400, and 1,- the world. It is the most active in the 900 respectively.

press, having 222 periodicals. It has 17 Moslem-spoken languages; is the Christianity at Work only country which has sent out Mos- "WTE DARE no longer use foul lanlem missionaries;. and, owing to Brit- W guage; the Christians would not ish rule, Moslems can publicly confess Christ as in no other land." work for us if we did!" was the testi- mony of a caste woman in a Christian village of fifteen years' standing.

Christian Witness for Nepal In some areas testimony has come OPEN preaching of the Gospel is that Christians, on account of their in- forbidden in Nepal, but for the tegrity, command higher field wages; past five years a Christian physician, that Christian laborers are in demand Dr. B. Pirthi .Dal, has been established for transplantation and harvesting be- in the last village within British Ter- cause they do not require close super- ritory, Jhulaghat, on the borders of vision; that poisoning of cattle, abu- Nepal. Without the aid of a grant sive language, and drunken brawls from any missionary society he has have become unknown since the Chris- been silently witnessing for Christ tian religion was introduced into the among those who have come to him for village; and that a non-Christian caste healing, and on one occasion he pene- man spent as much as Rs. 1,500 in trated Nepal itself for a distance of feeding his Christian serfs when the some 60 or 70 miles with three co- whole Christian village was burnt workers. He has established a chari- down by an accident.-Church Mis- table dispensary at Jhulaghat, where sionary Outlook.

thousands of Nepalese patients hear the message of Jesus every year. In OHINA fact every patient is given the mes- Christianity Taking Root N sage of the Great Healer of souls and OW and again one reads evidence of Chinese appreciation of Chrisbodies.-Indian Standard. tian principles. Prominent officials and C. M. S. M""", Movement bankers in Peiping and Tientsin re- THE Church Missionary Society has cently headed a successful drive to se- large responsibilities in India in cure $25,000 for a new men's regard to mass movement work in sev- dormitory for Yenching University, en different areas. The result of this Peiping, a most encouraging instance particular work is that literally thou- of good-will and international coopera- sands of people are baptized every tion. To this may be added the fact year. In some of these centers the na- that about a year ago a Child Wel- tive church has been able to undertake fare Association was organized in a large share in the work both with Shanghai. It is under the chairman- staff and finances, while 'in other areas ship of Dr. H. H. Kung, Minister of the Indian workers are few and not Commerce and Industry and an active yet fully experienced, consequently the member of the Congregational Church.

supervision and guidance of the for- During the year this Association has eign missionary are still necessary. received and distributed, mainly for The following figures for three of famine relief, about $20,000, of which

about 16 per cent. came from Chinese have formally assumed full responsifriends. The rest came from America. bility for all work heretofore known as At their first annual meeting, they the American Board Mission. The inadopted the aim of upholding the digenous church becomes the center rights of the children of China, and from which the whole missionary enpromoting their welfare in every pos- terprise of North China Congregationsible way. Other events show that alists will be directed. The Council Christianity has taken root in China. becomes a Promotional Board of the -Frank Rawlinson. Church instead of a joint mission- church administrative body. As such Idols Overturned it will have, among other things, direct communication with the churches of ASECULAR movement a g a ins t the West through the American Board idol-worship, impelled by a of Commissioners for Foreign Misstrong nationalism, is under way in sions, with which it cooperates. Amerthe Shantung Province of China. Na- ican Board missionaries are invited to tionalist workers have removed idols become members of the Chinese from many temples and have inaugu- Church, and only as members or aprated several types of community serv- pointees of the Chinese Church will ice therein. One of the largest of they hold any office in the administrathese temples has been made into a tion of work in China. In other words, home for the aged, and 200 poor men missionaries of the American Board and women, 60 years of age or older, now become missionaries loaned by the have been admitted. The "Throne American Board to the Chinese Room" in another celebrated temple, Church.-Missionary Herald. where for centuries the god, Tai Shan, had received the homage of millions, Ra.iders Slauglo.ter 20,000 has been turned into a city hall. The huge image, once worshipped with fer- A MASSACRE by Mohammedans vor, now lies with many smaller of 20,000 men and boys in Danimages in a rubbish heap.-Indian gar city, province of Chinghai, China, Witness. is reported by Findley Andrews, an American missionary of the China In- Ameriean Board Milestone land Mission, who has returned from a three months' investigation in the A CHANGE in the method of se- famine areas of northern China. His lecting delegates was a feature story is one of the most terrible on of this year's session of the Council of record. He says that Mohammedan North China Kung Li Hui (churches raiders in two hours annihilated the associated with the American Board) : male inhabitants of the mountain city Heretofore each station association and then looted the homes. Religious had sent one Chinese and one foreign fanaticism is given by Mr. Andrews as missionary delegate. This year there the motive for the raid. A Moslem re- Wml to be no discrimination as to na- bellion has prevailed in Kanau province tionality. Out of the thirty delegates for some time. The missionary says present, eighteen were Chinese lead- Dangar presents a new type of probers_ This reorganization marks what lem, for there are thousands of women may be called the third stage in Ameri- there witho",t husbands or brothers, can Board work in North China. Be- and in despair. The city was full of ginning in 1860, with no Chinese starving refugees at the time of the church at all, missionaries were obliged to assume full control. In rajd.~Missio1J-S. 1914, most administrative functions were transferred to the joint Chinese- JAPAN-KOREA Foreign Council, which for the past 15 years has been one-half Chinese and "What Think Ye of Christ?" one-half foreign. After two years of study and discussion, Chinese churches REV. FRANCIS N. SCOTT asked fifty-seven young men in his class in ethics at Aoyama Gakuin to say un-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

reservedly what they thought of Jesus schools and the 1,353 government Christ. The students averaged 22 schools, less than thirty per cent of years of age. Although Confucius the boys and girls of school age are in ranks very high with the educated school. Six church bodies are working class, the majority considered Jesus in the Korean Federal Council, and by the greatest man who ever lived. mutual consent the territory has been About one-third of the group thought divided among the various missions so of Jesus as a Saviour. that there is no overlapping. This has A little more than half the class worked out splendidly, and many work- cannot think of Jesus as the Son of ers have been able to push out into God. One said he was not a Christian, unevangelized territory.-Presbyteri- but that he "worships Christ." One an Survey.

who said he couldn't believe Christ more than man is a third-generation For Chinese in Korea Christian whose father is an ardent T ARGE colonies of Chinese, undisciple of Bowne. Practically every L touched by the Gospel, are living man in the class is greatly impressed with the teaching of Jesus concerning in Korea. Rev. C. E. Scott tells of Love. Love seems to be one of the out- preaching circuits established for standing things' in the Japanese con- these Chinese, the work centering in the capital of Korea, Pyengyang, a ception of Christianity. Several were impressed with the sinlessness of Je- flourishing city of 100,000 inhabitsus, which they seem to accept quite ants. With the help of Americans, naturally, and lament their own sin- Koreans and Chinese, a site was sefulness and inferiority as compared cured in the heart of the city, and with Him. yard and building remodeled to supply a chapel suited to the purpose. Rev. That Jesus is an ideal character, and Lieu Yen Ting, Shantung pastor and one whose example may safely be fol- former professor of theology in lowed, was a practically unanimous Tenghsien Seminary, was persuaded opinion. to take charge of the undertaking.

Although many of the Chinese women Heroic Faith have lived in Korea for ten to twenty I T IS estimated that two per cent of years, they have not learned the lan- the entire population of Korea are guage, and following Chinese custom, professional beggars, many of whom never appear in public and do not are orphan boys and girls; between know other Chinese women. This is eight or nine per cent are in the pov- in striking contrast to the Korean erty-stricken class. It is also estimated women, who appear on the streets in that seventy-five per cent of the best as large numbers as the men, and who rice land is in the hands of the J apa- attend religious meetings by the hun- nese; seventy-five per cent of the Ko- dred. In some cases, Chinese women rean farmers have landlords, and the are eager to attend services, but are average annual income of the farmers prevented from doing so by their hus- is $137.00, yet last year the Korean bands. "Not Chinese custom," say Church gave $623,380 to carry the they. The great need is for Bible Gospel into Asia. All baptized Chris- women, to visit these sisters living in tians give to Home and Foreign Mis- isolation.-Record of Christian Work. sions, and the Korean Church is carrying on Foreign Mission work in Christian Church in Korea B Siberia and in Shantung Province, ECAUSE it is a small country, without such dialects as exist in China. At present, in Korea, there are 571 China, it is not difficult to obtain ac- mission schools in which 42,000 boys curate information about missionary and girls are getting a Christian edu- progress in Korea. The Christian con- cation. Yet with these 571 mission stituency is now about one and one

half per cent of the population, after AUSTRALIA AND THE ISLANDS forty-five years of effort; whereas in Japan, after seventy years, it is two Church Aeroplane thirds of one per cent; and in China, after one hundred and twenty years, A STRIKING ministry of an Aus- less than either Japan or Korea. Sta- tralian Home Mission Society is tistics for 1927 give the total of com- that of the Bush Church Aid aero- municants, catechumens and probation- plane. This machine is devoted ex- ers in Korea as 157,852. Of this clusively to the work of the Gospel, number the Presbyterians and Metho- and Rev. L. Daniels is pilot and me- dists have a joint total of 141,534, chanic all in one. With the plane (a while the remaining 16,318 are divided De Haviland' "Moth") he ranges all among the Church of England Mission, over the vast outback, ministering not Oriental Missionary Society, the Or- only to people in the far distant town- thodox Russian Mission, the Seventh ships, but also to the folk on the sta- Day Adventist Mission, and the Salva- tions and isolated sections. Nature tion Army. This body of Protestant has provided many excellent landing Christians totals with adherents and grounds, and the people of the Far attendants, perhaps 300,000 in a popu- West are keen to have the "sky pilot" lation of about twenty millions. The give them a visit. For twelve months number of Roman Catholics is given as the plane has been in flying commis- 108,298. sion, and results have fully justified its use for the Kingdom of God.-Aus- The Presbyterian Church in Korea trafia Christian World. has been autonomous since 1907. It erects all its own church buildings, Hospital Nam.ed for Bishop Brent pays all current expenses for its church buildings, and furnishes all the ON MAY 11th, National Hospital .salary of its ordained pastors. Day in the Philippine Islands, the name of the Church Hospital in Zam- Students Make Use of Training boango, Mindanao, was officially changed to Brent Hospital, to honor CHOSEN Christian College has some the memory of the late Charles Henry thirty students who assist in reli- Brent, first Bishop of the Philippine gious services regularly on Sunday. Islands and the founder of the hospital. During the fall term of 14 weeks, 22 Formally opened on February 7, 1914, such students reported having Brent Hospital was the first to be es- preached 59 sermons, taught 245 Sun- tablished for the civilian population of day-school classes, assisted in music Zamboanga. Since the establishment and other forms of pastoral work. of a government hospital much of the During vacations, student groups go charity work of Brent Hospital has to all parts of Korea on evangelistic been transferred to that institution, tours. Thus new Christian centers are but Brent still renders a large volume established, and churches are renewed. of free medical assistance through its dispensary, and a large proportion of In February of this year a survey the American and foreign elements of was made of the 197 living graduates the community are cared for. The of the college at that time. It was medical work is in charge of Dr. J. C. found that 59 of them were paid help- Trota, a young Filipino surgeon, who ers in the church or in church and acquired his medical and surgical edumission institutions; 30 were known cation in the United States and who to be active lay workers in the church, has had a wide experience with dis- while 53 others were known to be eases of the temperate and tropical Christians; only a few of the total zones. The nursing staff consi~ts of ~umber are known not to be Chris- six nurses all trained at St. Luke's tians.-Korca Mission Fidd. Hospital, Manila. During Ii recent month seven different nationalities

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

were treated: Filipinos, Chinese, ized and a Survey Committee ap- Americans, Moros, Japanese, Armeni- pointed.

aIlS and Spanish.-Spirit of Missions. In Arizona, an Interdenominational Cou neil of Bishops, Superintendents, Christmas tor a Buddhist Priest Executives and Field Representatives ONE of my most valuable experi- has been set up and a Survey Commit- ences in the Philippines, writes tee appointed. Orville L. Davis, has been the friend- ship of an ordained Buddhist priest Christ-the Hope of the Jews I who attends my class on the Life of N 1905 there were 8,000 converted Jews in the United States; now Jesus. Noting some of the glamour of Christmas celebrations in homes, there are approximately 20,000.

he contrasts it with some of the beau- More Jews have been converted in tiful church services held in Japan, Europe since the war than in any emphasizing the fact that Christmas twenty-year-period before the war in is a day of deep religious significance, the history of Europe.

and not for indulgent merrymaking. Much is being said about making He takes pride in the fact that the Palestine a national home for the Japanese along with their dramatiza- Jews, but this race will never really tions and games, have "solemn cere- be at home except in the Church of mony and good preach." The following Christ. It is a remarkable fact that are his own words: "I believe that, despite all the political and financial step by step, Christmas will be intro- inducements that prominent leaders of duced among the Japanese families as the community have offered to Jews in other civilized countries. I sincere- to go to Palestine, so few of them have ly hope that the true Christian right- gone there hitherto. While Christian eousness and love shall soon penetrate missions to the Jews have been inade- throughout our nation." quately supported, and have had few indeed of the human resources en- NORTH AMERICA joyed by the Zionist Movement, they State Home Mission Councils have persuaded almost, if not quite, as A NEW cooperative spirit among many to turn to Christ as the Zionist churches of the south has re- organizations have induced to go to sulted in the development of State Palestine.

Home Mission Councils. In Georgia, the organization of a Baptist Growth T Council of Home Mission Superintend- HE American Baptist Home Mis- sion SOclety, in its 97th annual reents' has been effected, which is .e~­ pected to bring the denominational port, summarizes the year's progress leaders together annually in confer- as follows: Two new Mexican mis- ence. sions opened, one in Wellington, Kan- In Tennessee, a Home Missions sas, the other in Gary, Indiana; the Council has been organized whose an- completion of a cooperative undertak- nual meeting will be held during the ing in Nevada whereby the mission- period of the Institute for Rural Pas- aries of the two Home Mission Socie- tors at Vanderbilt University, each ties are now enabled to reach five April. fields; the dedication of new buildings In Alabama, a State Council of at Lodge Grass, Montana, and Wa- Home Missions convened in the city tonga, Oklahoma; growth of Bible and of Birmingham, on June 7th. Christian fellowship groups in Chris- In Florida, there' was a meeting of tian centers; completion of tlie church the denominational executives in Or- building at Winnemucca, Nevada; lando in June. dedication of a church and parsonage In New Mexico, a Superintendents' following an evangelistic campaign by Council for the state has been organ- the workers in charge of chapel car

"Grace," in Utah. The number of Canada lead with an annual expendicollege students in the Negro schools ture of thirty-five millions. Great assisted by the Home Mission Societies Britain spends eleven millions each increas&d from 500 to 2,500 in the last year while the Protestant churches of five years. Germany, Norway and Sweden each average slightly over a million. The Missionaries and general evangelists report a total of 6,402 baptisms as Protestant churches of South Africa follows: English-speaking, 403; In- are giving on an average of half a mildian fields, 184; foreign-speaking, 1,- lion annually to the extension of the 239; general evangelists, 2,500; Latin Christian faith in the hinterlands of America, 1,236; colporteur-mission- that great continent.-OuUook of Misaries, 840. sions.

Pre8byteri~ns Reach Two Million Union Approved FOR the first time in its 141 years DELEGATES to the general confer- of existence, the Presbyterian ence of the Evangelical Synod of Church in the U. S. A. has a communi- North America have approved a plan cant membership of two million people, of union with the Reformed Church according to the official census just in the United States and the United made public by Dr. Lewis Mudge, Brethern in Christ without a dissentstated clerk of the General Assembly. ing vote. The church merger, if ap- The exact membership is 2,004,467, a proved by commissions of the three net increase of 41,629 for the church denominations, will unite about 1,000,- year which closed April 1, 1929. This 000 communicants. is the largest annual net increase in the past four years. The number of Both the Reformed Church and the new communicants added on confes- United Brethern have approved the sion of faith was 113,995, the largest plan in principle. Organic union will accession of new converts in the past be mapped out at Dayton, Ohio, by the five years. Presbyterian statistics re- three commissions. The plans then lating to membership are based on the will be submitted to the separate de- nominations again for final action.

number of communicants in good standing, and not on the Presbyterian Church. Boards Merge A population or upon the number of bap- MERGER of missionary boards is taking place in the Methodist tized members. The number of infants baptized during the past church Protestant Church. The new board of year was 45,470, an increase of 846 missions, consisting of twenty-one over the previous year, and the largest members, including six ministers, four number in the past four years. The laymen, ten women and the president Sunday-school statistics are less en- of the general conference, takes over couraging. The total number of Sun- the duties 'of the former board of for- day-school members enrolled is now eign missionary administration, board 1,595,313. This is a loss of 18,700 for of home missions, and women's home the year, whereas for the previous missionary society, and combines two year there had been a gain of 17,498. weekly publications, the Methodist Re- corder and the Methodist Protestant.

Expenditures for Foreign Missions I N A table recently prepared in the Su.mmer in Tenneesee Mountains offices of the International Missionary Council, the aggregate annual in- THE summer of 1929 has been in come of Foreign Missionary Societies many ways the greatest in the hisin different countries reveals a total of tory of church extension in the Tensixty millions of dollars spent annually nessee mountains. While many on foreign missions around the world. churches in large centers were closed The churches of the United States and for the summer, it was a time of great activity in 'isolated and neglected

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

places in the Southern Highlands. support has increased 700 per cent to Thirty-five vacation Bible Schools were nearly $3,000, and total giving to nearheld in Cumberland Mountain Presby- ly $50,000. tery, practically all in regions beyond churches and pastoral care, and under "Our objectives are three: Stratethe directions of the Sunday-school gically located modern equipment, well Missionary of the Presbyterian Board trained racial and bilingual leaders, of National Missions. The smallest and the awakening of all to inter-racial school was at Annadel, where classes cooperation."-WorI4 Service News. were held under the trees. Their wretched school had been destroyed by LATIN AMERICA the flood disaster of March, 1929. The largest school was at Gobey, a lumber 1"HE Latin-American Prayer Fellowcamp. The young men there all work ship was organized by Mr. A. B. in the saw mill, so the young people's DeRoos for evangelizing the unreached class and the adult class met together in Mexico and Central America. It is at night. Each evening there was a composed of a band whose hearts the recreation period from 6: 30 to 7: 30, Lord has touched, people of one heart after which the pupils went into the and one spirit, seeking to get the Gos- . house for classwork. After the devo- pel to unreached peoples, while dependtional period. the teachings of Jesus ing upon the Lord to furnish all were studied, and the last period was needed means for the work, without spent in discussing young people's any advertising. problems. Important results have come and will come from the work done in This Fellowship is aggressively this class. All the places have asked seeking the evangelization of Mexico's for Bible schools next year, and three millions of neglected Indians. new Sunday-schools have been organ- Through Mr. DeRoos and a group of ized in neglected communities.-James native Indians two tribes are being D. Burton. reached; two others have been entered with marked success. Beside the six- Interracial Opportunity teen native workers there are seven foreign men ahd women, whom God REV. VERNON M. McCOMBS, has gathered from New Zealand and Supt. Latin American Mission, America, all mentally and spiritually Los Angeles, says: "There is no op- equipped for aggressive work. They portunity to reach the hearts of the plan to enter as many as possible of peoples of Mexico, France, Italy, Spain, the forty-three tribes of Indians in Portugal, and other Latin races like ]Hexico. that offered by home missions among their 8,000,000 fellow Latins living in Three Joys the United States. The" last four years in the Latin American Mission have DON MARCELINO Vasquez is the seen seventy-three workers making outstanding Christian leader of 150,000 visits, preaching to over 1,- the Indians in Guatemala. The follow- 000,000 worshipers at 30,000 services, ing story of finding his Lord is transplacing 12,000 copies of God's Word, lated from the Spanish: and a quarter of a million copies of other Christian literature, winning "The knowledge of the way of God nearly 3,000 converts, and receiving has brought me three great joys, Ilnd 1,200 full members. Church schools I know that what is true of me is true now enroll 3,225 and there are 1,100 of many of my people. The first joy Leaguers. The growth in leadership is the joy of a song. I never knew the in four years shows the number of joy of singing until I learned it with ordained ministers more than doubled, the Gospel. The second joy is the joy and twelve others.in training. Self- of prayer. Ever since the first mis- sionary by his example tauJlht me to speak to my Father, it has been my joy to take all my problems to that Father. We have sometimes taken a

night and a day to talk it over, but we ber of towns in the southern part of have never failed to come to an under- the Republic and to the rural sections. standing. What confidence prayer puts -Jay S. Stowell. into life! Leaven in Brazil "The third joy is the joy of service. I had to learn to read after I was con- THE Penna Evangelica, published verted. With what pleasure I began under auspices of Presbyterian misto spell out the words and so discover sionaries in Cuyaba, Brazil, has 500 the will of God for myself! When God subscribers, and carries a weekly gosgave me fellow believers, we had to pel message into the homes of many erect a house of prayer. What Ii joy it who do not attend church service. was to sacrifice and save and see God's This little paper, edited by Senor Jose house take form before our eyes! We Nonato, has made a brave fight against had to found a school so our children corruption, vice and unrighteousness, might have opportunities we had never even in high places. The state lottery, enjoyed, and this brought with it dif- the cabarets, drinking, gambling and ficulties and even persecutions which other social evils have been couragethe Lord gave us joy in facing and ously condemned and combated. The overcoming. The joy of having a mes- editor has been subjected to threats, sage of salvation to give to men and ridicule and persecution, but has never of having men to whom to give it is given an inch of ground to the enemy. beyond all comparison. Personal reasons have compelled him to resign the editorship, but the work "The joy of the Gospel has kept us goes on under the direction of the new through sickness and persecution, and, pastor of the Cuyaba Church. while we are grateful to those who have aided in any way to bring to us Critical liituation in Peru the knowledge of the Gospel and to enable us to bear testimony more ade- THE following translation of a Pequately to the truth among our people, ruvian Government Decree which it is the Christ to whom those of us has been published in various papers who know Him must bear a united in South America, calls for urgent testimony wherever man is found, and prayer for the Master's work in that it is to Him that we owe the joy of our country. This will affect all Protessalvation."-Robert E. Speer. tant work being done in Peru.

Another Cooperative Project Article 1: In the educational estab- lishments which are in operation in the A HOME mission project being put RepubliQ, both official and private, doc- into effect in the Dominican Re- trines which in any sense are opposed to public is the direct outgrowth of co- the religion of the State may not be operative Protestant work in the taught. neighoring island of Porto Rico. Instead of assigning territory to the dif- Article 2: The private educational ferent denominations, Protestant institutions in which this decree is ingroups began a strictly cooperative en- fringed will be closed. The government terprise which bears no denominational may, in such cases, confiscate in accordname. The work includes evangelism, ance with the law, the respective buildworship, religious education, school ings and educational material. work and hospital service, which has not only done much to help relieve Article 3: Moral and religious educaphysical suffering, but has helped to tion shall be given in all the colleges and raise health standards for the entire schools of the Republic, both official and island and provides opportunity for private, subject to the plans, program, the professional training of nurses. and decrees which the government may This program began in Santo Domingo make, and in accordance with the text and has since been extended to a num- books approved by the ministry of educa- tion.

Article 4: The children of parents who belong to different religious persuasions may be excused from religious instruc- tion, prescribed in the foregoing articles,

19291 WORLD-WID:8 OUTLOOK

provided that the dispensation be ob- world in our own generation, and emtained from the ministry of education by phasizes evangelism at home as well the respective parents or guardians. as abroad. In view of the immensity of the world task, it urges the neces- Article 5: The government shall, es- sity of every Christian being a soultablish schools for the indigenous popula- winner and the coordination of work tion where it deems convenient, and, in at the home-base and in the foreign the departments of Puno, Loreto and field. Ayacucho, it shall establish pedagogical institutes for masters and mistresses of The case for America was recently the indigenous population. epitomized in the Literary Digest: Article 6: In the ministry of educa- "More than thirty-two per cent of tion there shall be created a department all Presbyterian, Northern Baptist, of indigenous education, whose organiza- and Methodist Episcopal churches in tion and functions shall be determined the United States do not report a by the government. single convert last year (1927). The figures show that Article 7: The present decree shall form an integral part of the reform to be "In 3,269 of the Presbyterian adopted in accordance with Law No. churches there were no converts. 6520. "In 3,474 Northern Baptist churches -Inland So. American Mission Bul!e- there were no converts. tin. "In 4,651 Methodist Episcopal MISCELLANEOUS churches there were no converts.

Lambeth Conference "This ratio seems to show that in sixty thousand churches of all denomi- THE year 1930 will mark the hold- nations in America during 1927 not ing of the Lambeth Conference, one person was added on confession of which, once in a decade, brings together faith in Christ." the bishops of the Anglican communion throughout the world. The con- Missionaries Increasing ference will be held from July 7th to August 29th, and invitations have al- AMONG the signs that point to inready been addressed by the Archbish- ft creasing interest in Christian op of Canterbury to the 370 bishops of missions abroad is the fact that the the Anglican body. The central theme number of new missionaries sailing in of the gathering is to be "The Faith 1928 exceeds those sailing in 1927 by and Witness of the Church in This over one hundred. This is the first Generation." Included in this general year since 1920 to show an increase heading are the following concrete over the previous year. topics: Outgoing missionaries last year 1. The Christian Doctrine of God. numbered 667 but these are not 2. The Life and Witness of the Chris- enough to maintain missionary pertian Community. sonnel abroad. At least 1,500 new mis- sionaries are needed annually to make 3. The Unity of the Church. good the losses due to retirement, ill health, and other causes, in the total 4. The Anglican Communion. Protestant mission force of about 30,- 5. The Ministry. 000 missionaries. North America has furnished over four-sevenths of that 6. Youth and Its Vocation. total, so that at least 850 new mission- aries are needed each year from North World Dominion Movement America to maintain the present mis- sionary forces.-Student Volunteer. THE World Dominion Movement which was organized in Great Britain by Dr. Thomas Cochrane a few years ago, is neither controversial nor sectarian; it is inspirational and constructive; a unifying fellowship. It stands for the evangelization of the 6

00K5 WORTH

~§ Any books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

Through Central Africa. W. J. W. Roome. subject. HiB'many wanderings through 8 vo. 5s. Marshall Morgan and Central African forests as agent of Scott, Ltd., London, England. 1929. the British and Foreign Bible So- ciety, during which he has become the This volume is just what its author intimate friend of missionaries of all calls it, "a story." It deals with the the societies working there, have envery heart of the African continent, abled him to see the work in the large the section about the border lines of and have qualified him to give council Southern Sudan, Uganda and Congo of the utmost importance as to its BeIge. Remote from the rapidly ex- further development. tending paths beaten by civilization, this area still represents Africa at its P. H. J. LERRIGO. wildest and Mr. Roome's story pre- Aggrey of Africa. By Edwin W. Smith. sents to us the little people of Bido in Illustrated. 8 vo. 292 pp. $3. New the depths of the pigmy forest and re- York and London. 1929. lates how the African apostle, Apolo, won their hearts and set his Bakonjo This Christian son of Africa, eduboys the task of foliowing them in cated in three continents, was proud their forest wanderings with the mes- of his color, though cultured white sage of Christ. people slighted and sneered at him be- It is but seldom today that the white cause of it. He was wont to say: man's travels take him into the midst "If I went to heaven and God said, of tribal warfare but Mr. Roome's 'Aggrey, I am going to send you back motor did just this and enables him to earth, would you like to go as a to tell of the Lugware revolt in the white man l' I would reply 'No, send midst of which only the missionaries me back as a black man. I can do a walked unguarded. Occupying the work as a black man that no white man center of the book is the account of can do. Please send me back as black the attack upon the ancient curse of as you can make me.''' Babel, made by the Rejaf language conference, which resulted in shedding There spoke the Spirit of Christ in light in the midst of a linguistic chaos this saint in ebony. He was a man and deciding upon what languages who was loved and respected by all who should be used for educational pur- knew him. The color of his skin did poses in a broad area. not affect the purity and beauty of his soul. J. E. Kwegyir Aggrey was born The book tells of training wild ele- on the Gold Coast, West Africa, in phants at Abi and pictures the work 1875 and died in New York City on of the several missionary societies July 30, 1927. He came of a line of which are taming the wild men of this powerful chiefs. His father and area. Perhaps the most important mother were both strong characters. chapters of the book are those in the They could not read or write but imend which deal with the question of bued their son with a high sense of occupation and the strategy governing honor. He was baptized and sent to a the development of the Christian cause Wesleyan Methodist school when he in Central Africa. No one is better was eight years of age. The boy fitted than Mr. Roome to speak on this showed great eagerness to learn and 978

BOOkS WORTH READING

aptitude in his studies. Later he said heroic young Church of England Canon that his father and mother became live before us. Many striking and Christians through him. stimulating quotations, taken from his This story of Aggrey's life is stimu- diaries and letters, show his innermost lating and instructive. It shows a man thoughts and feelings, his ambitions of rare spirit and culture. He was and conflicts. Canon Gairdner showed well informed, witty and wise; his his courage and spiritual sincerity as judgment was sought by black and a Christian when a student at Cam- white and he was an orator and a bridge and these characteristics were continually manifested during his teacher of high ability. Though he died at the age of forty- thirty years in Cairo. He was a true eight he had received many honors in friend and a faithful missionary. to Africa and in America. He was suc- Moslems. The story of his life is incessively teacher in West Africa; in- tensely interesting to all with a like terpreter in the Ashanti Expedition nobility of spirit and unselfishness of (at twenty-one); professor at Liv- purpose.

ingstone College, North Carolina; a It is a stimulating life story and student at Columbia University; will help to perpetuate Temple Gaird- pastor of a Methodist Church; a mem- ner's influence on young men. The ber of two Phelps-Stokes commissions record of his life magnifies his Lord to Africa and a member of the staff and Saviour, Jesus Christ.

at the Prince of Wales College and School, West Africa. Seven Thousand Emeralds. By Frank C.

Edwin W. Smith, the author of Laubach. Illustrated by Margaret "The Golden Stool" and other volumes Ayer. 12 mo. 158 pp. 75c paper, $1 has given us a well-written and an un- cloth. New York. 1929. usually stirring story of a remarkable man. This will do more to alleviate Enthusiasm for the, subject and the and destroy race prejudice than will way it is presented is the feeling with many theoretical or rhetorical dis- which one lays down this little volsertations on the subject. It is also ume. It is the best short story of the a conclusive proof of the image of Philippines and is a masterpiece of God in ebony and the worthwhileness missionary writing for young people. of Christian missions to the Africans. It will interest those from ten years of age to one hundred for it has hero tales of adventure, of sacrifice and Temple Gairdner of Cairo. By Constance service. Perhaps the picture of the E. Padwick. 8 vo. 78. 6d. London. Filipino people given here is a bit 1929. rosy but it is an inspiring picture. It Intellectual keenness, specialized is a story of the struggles of these training, a keen sense of humor, well island people for freedom from the developed artistic temperament, re- cruel oppression of Spain and the markable musical talent, a lovable dis- friars; a struggle led by the heroic position, deep spirituality and whole- young patriot Rizal and others. Then hearted devotion to Jesus Christ as follows the story of the establishment divine Lord and Saviour, made Temple of civil and religious liberty under Gairdner an unusual character, a American protection; the eager desire unique man and a wonderful mission- for education; the giving of the Bible ary. which had long been a forbidden book; The' story of his life-at home in the preaching of the Gospel of Christ England, in Cambridge as a student and the establishment of churches.

secretary, and as a missionary in Cairo There is much of spiritual stimulus -is simply, beautifully and sympa- here and a wealth of human interest thetically told by a fellow missionary in the stories of these young Filipino of kindred spirit. Miss Padwick is an men and women. Any redblooded able biographer and has made the American will be thrilled. The author

is an optimist and an idealist. He is China: Yesterday and Today. Prof. Edalso well informed and writes with ward Thomas Williams. Fourth edithe touch of romance and of poetry tion, revised to December, 1928. 768 concerning a people whom he loves pp. $3.75. New York. 1929. and admires and to whose welfare he has devoted his life as a Christian After 35 years in China, the remissionary. viewer unhesitatingly recommends Royton Manor. By Caroline Atwater this volume as the one book that gives Mason. 8 vo. 302 pp. $2. New York. most completely all that the general 1928. Mrs. Mason's books are well-known reader needs to know about China. The author, who is now Agassiz for their literary quality, sustained Professor of Oriental Languages and interest and high purpose. The pres- Literature in the University of Calient novel deals with a young woman, fornia, was formerly American Charge Deborah Duane, who faced the prob- d' Affaires at Peking, and more relems that arose from a marriage .with- cently chief of the Division of Far out love; who passed through stormy Eastern Affairs, Department of State, seas and came out victorious. It is Washington, D. C. His first experithe story of how a young woman, ence in China was as a missionary with Christian character and ideals, met modern conditions and tempta- in Central China, and his equipment tions without being overwhelmed by for his task is about as complete as them. The characters are well drawn, it could be. the scenes are graphically depicted and the lesson is clearly impressed This book was first published in without moralizing. 1923, and, through its own merit and the special interest in China aroused Our Husband. By Myrta H. Dodds. Pam- by the stirring events of the past phlet. 35c. Indianapolis, Ind. 1928. three years, has called for three later This play of harem life in Africa editions in 1927, 1928 and 1929, the last including the Nationalist "Unifigives a clear idea of the evils of cation of China" and other important polygamy among Moslems and the events to December, 1928, with a reblessing of the missionary. It uses vision of the work and a more logical from twenty to forty characters and is arrangement of the chapters. The suitable for women's and young table of pronunciation of Chinese people's societies. Suggestions are names will prove helpful, but his own given for costumes, stage setting, etc. acquisition of the language in Central China has led him to give other than Blazing New Trails. Archer Wallace. 12 the official pronunciations to the mo. 149 pp. $1. New York. 1928. vowels e and o. These fifteen brief missionary biog- The book is perhaps most open to raphies practically all relate to well- criticism for its scant recognition of known pioneers but the stories are the large part played by Christian freshly and vigorously told. They in- missions in the transformations of the clude James Chalmers of New Guinea, past century; but the few references James Evans among the Cree Indians, to missions are all appreciative. Keith Falconer of Arabia, Mary Slessor of Calabar, James Stewart of Appendices give eight pages of "Im- Lovedale, Arthur Jackson of Manchuria and others. The sketches are portant Dates in Chinese History," rather too short to give a rounded picture of the heroes presented. The thirteen pages of Bibliography, Popuauthor is an associate editor of the Sunday-school publications of the lations, Railways, Steamship Com- United Church of Canada. panies, Distances, Foreign Pr>pula- tions, General Foreign Mission Statis- tics, Banks and Banking, the Press, Exchange, Weights and Measures, and Meteorology. A 1929 map of China is inserted, and the book is fully in- dexed. COURTENAY H. FENN. NEW BOOKS ~ They listen -Little Kin Chan. IlIus. Berthae Harris eagerly when . Converse. 102 pp. $1.25. Friendship leaders apply I Press. New York. 1929. methods from F. B. Meyer-Preacher, Teacher, Man of I God. A. Chester Mann. 221 pp. $2. New York. 1929. THE LEADERS HANDBOOK SERIES Neighbour India. Agnes Rush Burr. 200 i pp. $2. Revell. New York. 1929. The Missionary Education of Beginners, I ! A Padre in Paraguay. C. E. Newbould. 192 pp. Macmillan. New York. 1929. by Jessie Eleanor Moore. , The Present Crisis in Religion. W. E. The Missionary Education of Primary i Orchard. 280 pp. $2:50. Harpers. : New York. 1929. Children, by Wilhelmina Stooker.

Steeple Jim. W. Wyeth Willard. 301 The Missionary Education of Juniors, pp. $2.75. Princeton Pub. House. by Gertrude Hutton. Princeton. 1929. The Missionary Education of Interme- What Do We Mean By God1 C. H. Val- diates, by Mabel Gardner Kerschner. entine. 248 pp. $2. Macmillan. New York. 1929. Each volume offers an unusual oppor.

For Others-Methodist Missionary Society tunity to share the rich experience of a of Australia Annual Report-1928. 72 pp. Sydney. 1929. successful teacher and distinguished ped.

World Missions as Seen from Jerusalem- agogist. A Study Course Based on Roads to the City of God. Milton Stauffer. 93 pp. $1.00 50c. M. E. M. New York. 1929. , I MISSIONARY EDUCATION MOVEMENT Anti-Saloon League Year Book -1929. I Edited by E. H. Cherrington. 224 pp. 150 Fifth Avenue, New York $1.15 cloth; 75c paper. Westerville, Ohio. 1929. I Cut this Out and your Christmas problem is solved— A subscription to THE PRESBYTERIAN MAGAZINE is just the gift for mother. father, sister. brother, friend, a shut-in. missionary'—any one who will appreciate a Christmas reminder twelve months of the year instead of one.

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